Book Title: Jain Dharma ka Maulik Itihas Part 3 Author(s): Hastimal Maharaj Publisher: Jain Itihas Samiti Jaipur Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002073/1 JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLYPage #1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa pArAvhavAgamAhAkaDyAma sAtAliyApADavANedAemA bhiyanAtAlalAvAsamA NAAD tRtIya bhAga MadasAnAyaka sAmAnya zrutadhara khaNDa 1 sAmAnonamazrimAmAdhyatimayamAnatAprAsAvisamAkAjasmana yonI nikita pAravatI amAvAsamAravAkibAlpAyalA jyadhima sAhaniramA mama sAsavaDayAkaraNalAiTapArA maanananana bhAramyiAnamAlAvAsIloniyAmAmAliyAmA utadhAra hirAvijaetikahANyAdAedamAedina diziNagAmasiMgAyanANizAdivazadavasahAna zaharAmamAmidavasAtagAvadaya khAnavANiyAvaNyasthAnA yatavAnapayaMtahimAjhamajharahatAcasva balavAsAdavAvAchattamatAvAdArAlA rakarAhakAravanavAsAyAsavAhApavalA AcAryazrI hastImalajI mahArAja Page #2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pravarasa gAsa vArasa SARAN "jana iti jayapara NAGAR simatrita kucha naye tathya : kucha vizeSatAeM: * vIra nirvANa samvat 1001 se 1500 taka kI pramukha dhArmika, sAmAjika va rAjanaitika ghaTanAoM kA tathyaparaka vivrnn| * jaina dharma kI dharmAcArya paramparAoM kA kramabanda prAmANika itihAsa / * zunda zramaNAcAra ke kramika hAsa evaM vikRtijanya paramparAoM viSayaka zodhapUrNa vizad miimaaNsaa| samasAmayika dharmAcAryoM evaM rAjavaMzoM ke itivRtta kA zRGkhalAbanda vastuparaka prstutikrnn| * jaina itihAsa kI jaTila gutthiyoM kA pramANapurassara hala, bandamUla dhAntiyoM kA nirAkaraNa evaM samagra bhAratIya itihAsa viSayaka katipaya andhakArapUrNa prakaraNoM para nUtana prkaash| jaina paramparA meM mahilAvarga dvArA saMgha pramukhA, AcAryA, zramaNI evaM zramaNopAsikA ke rUpa meM diye gaye anupama yogadAna kA bhavya nUtana khoja pUrNa vivrnn| * itihAsa jaise gUDha evaM nIrasa viSaya kA sarasa, subodha evaM pravAhapUrNa bhASA zailI meM aalekhn| Jain Education international Page #3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (tRtIya bhAga) sAmAnya zrutadhara khaNDa (1) mArgadarzaka : AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja lekhaka evaM mukhya sampAdaka : zrI gajasiMha rAThaur3a jaina nyAyatIrtha, vyAkaraNa tIrtha evaM sahayogI zrI premarAja jaina sampAdaka maNDala : zrI devendra muni zAstrI paM.zazikAnta jhA DA. narendra bhAnAvata prakAzaka jaina itihAsa samiti jayapura (rAjasthAna) samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala bApU bAjAra, jayapura (rAja.) Page #4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prakAzaka: jaina itihAsa samiti AcArya zrI vinayacanda jJAna bhaMDAra lAla bhavana, caur3A rAstA jayapura-302004 samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala bApU bAjAra, jayapura (rAja.) phona : 0141-565997 sarvAdhikAra surakSita tRtIya punarmudrita saMskaraNa, 2000 AvaraNa : pArasa bhaMsAlI mUlya : 500.00 ru. mudraka : dI DAyamaNDa priMTiMga presa motIsiMha bhaumiyoM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura phona : 562929,564771 Page #5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ viSayAnukramaNikA viSaya pRSTha saMkhyA - prakAzakIya sampAdakIya do zabda 25-64 eka avalokana 1. siMhAvalokana 2. devarddhikSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla ke ___ itihAsa se sambandhita katipaya tathya 3. vIra nirvANa se devarddhi-kAla taka zramaNa paramparA ke vAstavika svarUpa kA saMkSipta paricaya hiMsA nahIM karane va na karAne kA phala jaina zramaNa kA mUla AcAra dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUla svarUpa meM parivartana kA eka ati prAcIna ullekha dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUla svarUpa meM caityavAsI paramparA dvArA kiye gaye parivartana AkAza aura pAtAla kA antara 4. uttarakAlIna dharmasaMgha meM vikRtiyoM ke prAdurbhAva aura vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi caityavAsI paramparA kA udbhava, utkarSa aura ekAdhipatya caityavAsI paramparA ke prabhAva ke pariNAma suvihita paramparA prathama duSpariNAma 65-116 105 106 5 111 Page #6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dUsarA duSpariNAma tIsarA duSpariNAma cauthA duSpariNAma zvetAmbara paramparA meM moTe rUpa se do vibhAga 5. bhaTTAraka paramparA bhaTTAraka paramparA ke tIna rUpa evaM - nirNaya unakA kAla-1 bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prathama svarUpa bhaTTAraka paramparA kA dUsarA svarUpa nandisaMgha ke paTTAvali ke AcAryoM kI nAmAvali bhaTTAraka paramparA kA tIsarA svarUpa bhaTTAraka paramparA kI pRSThabhUmi bhaTTAraka paramparA se pUrva vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prAdurbhAva bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prathama AcArya kA paTTAbhiSeka bhaTTAraka pIThoM kI sarvaprathama sthApanA zravaNa belgola tIrtha tathA vahAM kI sthApanA AcArya mAghanandi kA samaya bhaTTAraka paramparA-aneka paramparAoM kA saMgama caityavAsI paramparA kA prabhAva bhaTTAraka paramparA para yApanIya paramparA kA prabhAva bhaTTAraka pada para sAdhviyA~ niSkarSa mukhya pITha (ii) For Prive& Personal Use Only 112 113 114 116 117-189 126 127 134 136 143 143 149 152 161 162 163 175 177 177 179 182 188 Page #7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 190-251 202 211 219 250 251 252-326 257-272 257 258 258 6. yApanIya paramparA yApanIya saMgha kA udgamakAla evaM isakA mUla srota yApanIya saMgha kI mAnyatAe~ yApanIya paramparA dvArA eka bahuta bar3A parivartana yApanIya saMgha ke prAcIna kendra yApanIya saMgha ke AzrayadAtA rAjavaMza 7. dravya paramparAoM ke pracAra-prasAra evaM utkarSa meM sahayogI rAjavaMza gaMga rAjavaMza amara kRti gaMga rAjavaMza kA udbhava gaMga rAjavaMza ke pUrva puruSa kadamba rAjavaMza kadambavazI rAjAoM kA zAsana kAla rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza raTTavaMza ke rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI hoysala rAjavaMza gaMgarAja camUpati 8. samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa mantra evaM vidyAsiddhi kI paripATI kA vidhAna devArcana para sAvadhAcArya sambandhI uddharaNa 9. AgamAnusAra jaina zramaNa va zramaNI kA veSa, dharma-zAstra evaM AcAra-vicAra 10.vIra ni. saM. 1000 se uttaravartI kAla kI AcArya paramparA sAmAnya zrutadhara-kAla (1) sAmAnya zrutadhara-kAla (2) (iii) 272-287 280 287-297 288 298-326 318 327-367 345 358 368-377 378-793 382 384 Page #8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 385 386 393 394 398 .. 406 XQ0 AcArya jIvana-paricaya 283 paTTadhara A. zrI vIra bhadra bha. mahAvIra ke 28veM paTTadhara A. vIra bhadra ke samakAlIna yugapradhAnAcArya zrI hArilasUri Arya hArila ke apara nAma nAma sAmya se utpanna bhrAnti 28 paTTadhara A. vIra bhadra evaM yuga pra. A. hArila sUri ke samakAlIna niyuktikAra A. bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) kA jIvana-paricaya bha. mahAvIra ke 28veM paTTadhara A. vIrabhadra ke samaya ke prabhAvaka A. mallavAdI sUri kAlanirNAyaka aitihAsika pramANa vallabhI bhaMga bha. mahAvIra ke 28 veM paTTadhara vIra bhadra tathA 29veM yuga pra. A. hArilasUri ke samakAlIna pramukha granthakAra mallavAdI candrarSi mahattara saMghadAsa gaNi vAcaka bhASya yuga hArila sUri se pUrvavartI granthakAra A. samantabhadra A. zivazarmasUri hArila sUri ke samakAlIna prabhAvaka granthakAra dharmadAsa gaNi mahattara 423 423 423 423 424 440 (iv) Page #9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 443 443 443 443 443 446 448 449 anya granthakAra baTTakera zivArya (zivanandI) sarvanandI yativRSabhAcArya 29 yuga pra.A. hArila sUri ke nAma para navIna gaccha kI utpatti hArila gaccha zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 29 paTTadhara A. zaMkarasena zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 30veM paTTadhara A. jasobhadra svAmI bha. mahAvIra ke 29veM evaM 30veM paTTadhara kramazaH zaMkarasena aura jasobhadra ke A. kAla ke 30veM yuga pra. A. jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa jinabhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNa ke yuga pra. A. kAla ke viziSTa pratibhAzAlI AcArya siddhasena kSamAzramaNa koTyAcArya yuga pra. A. jinabhadra gaNi ke A. kAla' ke anya gaNa evaM gaccha (rAjendragaccha) zaMkarasena, jasobhadra evaM jinabhadra gaNi ke A. kAla ke rAjavaMza hUNa rAjavaMza zramaNa bha. ke 31 veM paTTadhara A. zrI vIrasena zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 32veM paTTadhara A. vIrajasa zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 33 paTTadhara A. jayasena zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 34veM paTTadhara A. hariSeNa 450 453 453 453 453 454 454 457 458 459 ... 460 (V For Private & Personal Use Only Page #10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 461 460 461 461 462 464 467 474 485 bha. mahAvIra ke 29veM evaM 30veM paTTadhara zaMkarasena evaM jasobhadra ke A. kAla ke pramukha granthakAra koTTAcArya siMhagaNi (siMhasUra) koTyAcArya 31veM yuga pra. A. zrI svAti (hArila gotrIya svAti se bhinna) thArapadra gaccha rAjanaitika sthiti kaloM dvArA sampUrNa tamila pradeza para adhikAra jaina dharma dakSiNApatha meM saMkaTApanna sthiti meM (14) delA mahattara (delA sUri) zaiva mahAsanta tiru jJAna sambandhara kA upalabdha saMkSipta jIvana-vRtta saMta tirU appara kA upalabdha jIvana-vRtta tiru appara aura jJAna sambandhara ke samakAlIna jainAcArya vAdIbhasiMha aparanAma oDayadeva zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 35veM paTTadhara AcArya jayasena (dvitIya) zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 36veM paTTadhara AcArya zrI jagamAla svAmI zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 37veM paTTadhara AcArya zrI devaRSi. zramaNa bha. ke 383 paTTadhara AcArya zrI bhIma RSi 32veM yuga pradhAnAcArya zrI puSya mitra harSavarddhana apara nAma zIlAditya vIra nirvANa kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke prabhAvaka (vi) 486 489 427 499 500 501 502 ... 503 505 Page #11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ .. 538 .. 539 541 555 564 evaM mahAn granthakAra A. haribhadra sUri kulaguruoM ke sambandha meM maryAdA kA nirdhAraNa / AcArya akalaMka bha. mahAvIra ke 34veM aura 35veM paTTadhara hariSeNa evaM jayaSeNa ke A. kAla ke pramukha granthakAra yApanIya paramparA ke A. aparAjita sUri (vijayAcArya) 35veM se 38veM paTTadhara tathA yuga pra. A. puSyamitra ke samaya kI rAjanaitika ghaTanAe jaina saMgha para dUsarA dezavyApI saMkaTa zaMkarAcArya zaMkarAcArya kA samaya zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 39 paTTadhara AcArya zrI kizana RSi zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 40veM paTTadhara AcArya zrI rAjaRSi 33veM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI sambhUti caityavAsI A. zIlaguNa sUri aura caityavAsI paramparA kA prabala samarthaka jaina rAjA vanarAja cAvar3A bappa bhaTTI sUri rAja-saMsarga kA duSpariNAma digambara sampradAya meM kASThA saMgha kI utpatti yazovarma-kannoja kA mahArAjA 33veM yuga pra. A. saMbhUti ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti (bAdAmI kA cAlukya rAjavaMza) rASTrakUTa rAjA danti durga 567 568 ... 569 572 584 609 617 (vii) Page #12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 639 640 641 642 648 651 652 655 rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNa (prathama) samrAT lalitAditya-muktApIr3a zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 41veM paTTadhara A. zrI devasena svAmI zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 42veM paTTadhara A. zrI zaMkarasena 34veM yuga pra. A. zrI mADhara saMbhUti AcArya vIrabhadra udyotana sUri (dAkSiNya cihna) AcArya jinasena (punnATa saMgha) kRSNarSi gaccha bhaTTAraka paramparA ke mahAn granthakAra AcArya vIrasena AcArya vIrasena kI dUsarI kRti vatsarAja : gurjara-mAlavarAja AmarAjA-nAgabhaTTa dvitIya zramaNa bha.mahAvIra ke 43veM paTTadhara A. zrI lakSmIvallabha zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 44veM paTTadhara A. zrI rAmaRSi svAmI bha. mahAvIra ke 43veM aura 44veM paTTadharoM ke samakAlIna 35veM yuga pradhAna AcArya dharma RSi bhaTTAraka jinasena (paMca stUpAnvayI) (digambara paramparA) jinasena kI tIsarI mahAn kRti Adi purANa zAkaTAyana-pAlyakIrti pAlyakIrti-zAkaTAyana kA samaya 657 659 663 664 ... . 665 ... 668 670 672 (viii) Page #13 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina granthakAra mahArAjAdhirAja amoghavarSa-nRpatuMga zIlAMkAcArya apara nAma zIlAcArya tathA vimalamati zIlAMkAcArya (apara nAma tatvAcArya) sAMDera gaccha hathaMDI gaccha kI sthApanA yazobhadrasUri (caityavAsI paramparA) khima RSi (kSamA RSi) kRSNa RSi kavi mahAsena (sulocanA kathA ke racanAkAra) kavi parameSThI (vAgarthasaMgraha ke racanAkAra) bha. mahAvIra ke 43veM aura 44veM paTTadharoM ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti mahArANA allaTa cittaur3a kA zizodiyA vaMzIya rAjA thaMDI kA rAThaur3a rAjavaMza aura jaina dharma zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 45veM paTTadhara A. zrI padmanAbha svAmI zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 46 veM paTTadhara A. zrI harizarma svAmI zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 47veM paTTadhara A. zrI kalazaprabha svAmI bha. mahAvIra ke 45, 46 aura 47veM paTTadharoM ke samaya ke 36 veM yuga pra. A. jyeSThAMga gaNi rAja gaccha digambara paramparA meM mAthura saMgha kI utpatti (ix) *** 674 675 678 685 687 689 691 695 696 697 698 700 702 704 705 706 707 711 715 Page #14 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 717 736 739 742 742 742 743 743 744 bha. mahAvIra ke 45, 46 evaM 47veM paTTadharoM tathA 36veM yuga pra. A. jyeSThAMga gaNi ke samaya ke mahA prabhAvaka A. siddharSi A. guNabhadra bar3a gaccha naarji kavi caturbhuja kavi svayambhU aura tribhuvana svayambhU vijayasiMha sUri A. hariSeNa indranandi prabhAvaka A. zrI mahendra sUri sUrAcArya vAdi vaitAla zAnti sUri A. ajaNandi (Arya nandi) A. vidyAnandi (granthakAra) vIra vi. saM. 1400 se 1471 kI avadhi meM bha. mahAvIra ke 47ve paTTadhara aura 36veM yuga pra. A. ke samaya kI rAjanaitika paristhiti gujarAta meM eka navIna solaMkI rAjya zakti kA udaya upasaMhAra 745 762 781 786 791 Page #15 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (tRtIya bhAga) sAmAnya zrutadhara khaNDa (1) Page #16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AzIrvacana ( AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja sA.) (prathama saMskaraNa se uddhRta) jaina itihAsa kI gaveSaNApUrvaka jo mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI, "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa" granthamAlA ke pUrva prakAzita do bhAgoM evaM isa tRtIya bhAga meM, itihAsa samiti ne pAThakoM ke sammukha prastuta kI hai, usake sambandha meM itihAsapremI jo bhI Avazyaka ho ucita mArgadarzana karate rheNge| lekhaka aura sampAdaka maNDala ne jisa utsAha aura lagana se isa tRtIya bhAga ke lekhana kArya ko sampanna kiyA hai usI prakAra zeSa rahe aitihAsika tathya bhI taTastha dRSTi se gaveSaNA kara prastuta karane meM tatpara raheMge, yahI hArdika zubhecchA hai| pAThakagaNa haMsa dRSTi se nIra kSIra vivekapUrvaka tathyoM kA avalokana karate hue lekhaka aura sampAdakoM ke utsAha ko bar3hAveMge aura apanI guNa grAhaka dRSTi kA paricaya deMge, aisI AzA hai| Page #17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ - samarpaNam / / pIpADa-prAcyA jinazAsanArkaH, zubhodito yo'dya cakAsti vizvam | jinezituH vANikaraiH sahasraiH, prINAti yo vizvajanAzca jainAn // (2) yenAvayoH bodhapradairvacobhiH, ratnatrayIM cAtitarAM prakAzya / pronmIlite netrayuge sudivyaiH, jJAnAJjanaiH jyotipradaiH sudhAbhaiH // yo vizvabandhuH bhavasindhu-setuH, __ nimajjatAM cAdya bhavAbdhipotaH / saMsAra mAyA rahito hutAtmA, taM hastimallAkhya guruM namAvaH // (4) svAdhyAya sAmAyika zaMkhanAdaiH, saddharma krAntiH janitAdya yena / zrI hastimallAkhya gaNAdhipAya, __namaH gajendrAya pragAr3ha bhaktyA | (5) jainetihAsasya tirohitaM yat, jJAnaM tadAptaM bhavataH prsaadaat| samarpayAvaH bhavataiva dattA, kRtImimAmadya bhavadbhya eva // bhavaccaraNareNu caJcarIko gajasiMha premarAjau Page #18 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prakAzakIya zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana ke kRpA prasAda se jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa granthamAlA ke isa tIsare bhAga ke tRtIya saMskaraNa ko samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala evaM jaina itihAsa samiti dvArA saMyukta rUpa se suvijJa evaM sahRdaya pAThakoM ke kara kara-kamaloM meM prastuta karate hue hameM parama santoSa evaM gaurava kA anubhava ho rahA hai| itihAsa ke donoM bhAgoM kA sAhityika jagat meM AzAtIta svAgata huA, isI utsAha se prerita hokara tRtIya bhAga ke Alekhana kA kArya bar3I tatparatA se prarambha kara diyA gyaa| etadartha sarvaprathama mathurA ke saMgrahAlaya se etadviSayaka sAmagrI saMgrahIta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| vahAM se yathepsita sAmagrI prApta huI, jisakA mahatvapUrNa upayoga isa grantha praNayana meM kiyA gyaa| tadanantara rAjasthAna pradeza ke hI anekoM granthAgAroM evaM jJAna bhaMDAroM se sAmagrI ekatrita kI gii| inameM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI labdhapratiSTha itihAsajJa paMnyAsa zrI kalyANa vijayajI mahArAja sAhaba ke jAlora nagarastha jJAna bhaMDAra se hameM prApta huI, jahAM hamAre vidvAn lekhaka mahodaya zrI rAThaur3a ne svayaM kAphI samaya taka aharniza athaka parizrama karake upayogI aitihAsika sAmagrI kA AlekhanAtmaka saMkalana kiyaa| paM. zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja sA. kA isa kArya meM unheM hArdika sahayoga evaM bahumUlya parAmarza bhI milA / mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla paramparA ke katipaya ajJAta srota saMketAtmaka lekhoM ke rUpa meM paM. zrI kalyANavijayajI ma.sA. kI hastalikhita dainandiniyoM ke saMgraha se upalabdha hue| isa zodha kAla meM paMnyAsajI zrI ke saMgraha meM "titthogAli painnaya" nAmaka grantha kI eka ati prAcIna hastalikhita prati milI jisake katipaya sthaloM kA sampAdana evaM katipaya pAThoM kA saMzodhana svayaM zrI paMnyAsajI ne kiyA thA / usa prati ke zeSa sampAdana evaM pATha saMzodhana kA gurutara kArya rAThaur3ajI ke jimme sauMpA gyaa| dhArmika aura aitihAsika donoM dRSTiyoM se ati mahatvapUrNa usa grantha kI gAthAoM ke saMzodhana, punarAlekhana, saMskRta chAyA, unakA hindI anuvAda aura usake katipaya nigUr3ha sthaloM para sampAdakIya TipaNI dene Adi kA kArya zrI rAThaur3a ne prAkRta, saMskRta aura jaina itihAsa ke mUrdhanya vidvAn AcArya zrI hastimalajI ma.sA. ke kRpApUrNa kuzala nirdezana meM prArambha kara nirvighna sampanna kiyA / ati vayovRddha paM. zrI kalyANavijayajI ma.sA. kI vidyamAnatA meM hI usa grantha kA (9) Page #20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mudraNa evaM prakAzana bhI ho gayA jise dekhakara paMnyAsajI ne parama santoSa abhivyakta kiyaa| isa anupama anamola sahayoga dekara kI gaI jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke lie paMnyAsajI sva. zrI kalyANavijayajI ma.sA. ke prati hama apanI AMtarika kRtajJatA prakaTa karate haiN| hameM kheda hai ki apanI prabhAvanA ke isa phala ko dekhane ke lie paMnyAsa zrIjI hamAre bIca Aja nahIM rhe| isa grantha ke atirikta 'mahA nizItha', 'sandoha dohAvali', 'saMgha paTTaka', 'Agama aSTottarI' evaM 'saMgha paTTaka' kI bhUmikA Adi mahattvapUrNa granthoM se bhI bar3I mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika sAmagrI hameM milii| ina granthoM meM nibaddha ullekhoM se spaSTa patA lagA ki kisa prakAra mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM evaM usakI mUla zramaNa paramparA meM vikRtiyoM ne ghara kiyA evaM kAlAntara meM una vikRtijanya paramparAoM ne kyA-kyA kiyaa| ina ullekhoM se yaha bhI patA calA ki kisa prakAra samaya-samaya para ina vikRtijanya paramparAoM kA sazakta virodha kiyA gayA aura kisa prakAra samaya-samaya para hue mahAn AcAryoM ne bhI ina vikRtijanya paramparAoM ke kAryakalApoM se kSubdha hokara apane bhAvoM ko tIvra abhivyakti dii| inameM eka pramukha AcArya hue navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri, jinhoMne ina vikRtijanya paramparAoM ke virodha meM apane svara ko jisa rUpa meM nimnalikhita sazakta abhivyakti dI, prasaMgavazAt usakA ullekha yahAM bhI karane kA lobha hama saMvaraNa nahIM kara rahe haiM : devaDhi khamAsamaNajA paraM-paraM bhAvao viyANemi / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA davvao paramparA bahuhA // arthAta devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa paryanta bhAva paramparA rahI, yaha maiM jAnatA huuN| unake pazcAt prabhu mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM zithilAcAriyoM ne aneka prakAra kI dravya paramparAeM sthApita kara dii| abhayadevasUri jaise mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya dvArA abhivyakta yaha unakI antarvyathA usa kAla kI sthiti para bar3A mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlatI hai| isI antarvyathA ko prakaTa karane vAle jinazAsana prabhAvakoM kI kar3I meM antima prabhAvaka ke rUpa meM loMkAzAha kA nAma jaga-vizruta hai| isa khoja vRtAnta se yaha to patA calA ki ina vikRta paramparAoM kA prabhAva aura inakA kAryakSetra sampUrNa bhAratavarSa rahA / para inakA pramukha kAryakSetra saurASTra, kaccha, gujarAta, rAjasthAna, madhyabhArata evaM uttarapradeza mAnA jAtA rahA kyoMki yaha khojakArya bhI mukhyataH uttarI bhArata taka hI sImita rhaa| bhArata ke dakSiNApatha meM kyA sthiti rahI isa sambandha meM bhI khoja karane kI tIvra AvazyakatA hameM anubhava huI jisake binA hamArA itihAsa kA kArya adhUrA hI rhtaa| For Private Personal Use Only Page #21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hameM atyanta prasannatA hai ki yaha khoja evaM zodha kArya karane para patA lagA ki vastutaH dakSiNApatha to uttarApatha se bhI kinhIM arthoM meM kahIM adhika hI jaina dharma kA sahasrAbdiyoM taka eka pramukha evaM gauravazAlI kendra rhaa| para isa khoja kArya ko prArambha karane meM kucha anAvazyaka vilamba bhI huA / itihAsa lekhaka zrI rAThaur3a ko bIca-bIca meM itihAsa lekhana ke kArya se haTAkara anya sAhitya prakAzana Adi kAryoM meM evaM santa muniyoM ke prArambhika zikSaNa kArya meM bhI laganA pdd'aa| samAja dvArA Avazyaka samajhakara unheM gajendra pravacana mAlA ko prArambha karane kA kArya sauMpA gayA, jise unhoMne bar3I lagana aura vidvattA ke sAtha sampanna kiyA evaM usakI sudRr3ha nIMva bhI DAla dii| hameM prasannatA hai ki usa sudRr3ha nIMva para khar3I kI gaI isa pravacana mAlA ke kaI bhAga evaM una bhAgoM ke kucha naye saMskaraNa bhI Aja taka prakAzita ho cuke haiN| pravacana mAlA ke prakAzana ko isa sthiti meM lAne kA sArA zreya rAThaur3a mahodaya ko evaM inake eka ananya snehI evaM sahayogI zrI premarAjajI bogAvata ko bhI jAtA hai| samAja isake lie inake prati apanA hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karatA hai| muniyoM ke zikSaNa kArya ko bhI sundara gati dene kA zreya zrI rAThaur3a sA. ko jAtA hai| samAja isake lie bhI unakA upakRta hai| isI bIca jaina dharma ke maulika itihAsa ke prathama bhAga ke parivarddhita dvitIya saMskaraNa ke lekhana aura prakAzana kArya meM bhI rAThaur3a sA. ko laganA par3A kyoMki yaha kArya pUrA karanA anyoM ke lie sambhava nahIM thA hAlAMki isameM sahayoga dene hetu AcAryazrI ke suyogya ziSya jo vartamAna meM AcArya pravara zrI hIrAcandra jI ma.sA. ke nAma se prasiddha hai, bhI lambe samaya taka isameM vyasta rhe| anta meM IsvI san 1980 meM AcArya zrI kA cAturmAsAvAsa madrAsa nagara meM huaa| dakSiNApatha meM zodhakArya prArambha karane ke lie yaha eka suavasara milaa| Apa zrI ke dainandina mArga darzana meM yaha zodha kArya prArambha kiyA gyaa| gavarnamenTa oriyanTala mainskripTsa lAibrerI (madrAsa yUnIvarsiTI) meM isake lie khoja karate samaya bar3I mahatvapUrNa AzAtIta upayukta sAmagrI vahA se prApta huii| kannImarA gavarnamenTa lAibrerI igmora (madrAsa) se bhI jainadharma ke itihAsa sambandhI jaranalsa epigrAphikAja aura enTIkvITIja Adi ke rUpa meM hajAroM pRSThoM kI aitihAsika sAmagrI kA saMkalana kiyA gayA jo Age calakara bar3A upayogI siddha huaa| zramaNa saMhAra caritam Adi madhya yugIna zaiva kRtiyoM kI phoTo kApiyAM bhI lI gii| itanI sArI sAmagrI prApta karane para bhI katipaya zatAbdiyoM pUrva vilupta huI yApanIya paramparA ke sambandha meM sAmagrI kA abhAva anubhava huA jisake bAre meM itihAsa ke (3) Page #22 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Alekhana ke samaya se hI AcArya zrI isa sambandhI (paramparA sambandhI aitihAsika) sAmagrI kI khoja ke lie samutsuka the / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke bIca yApanIya paramparA eka atIva mahatvapUrNa kar3I samajhI jAtI rahI hai| isa kAraNa yApanIya paramparA ke sambandha meM yathA zakya adhikAdhika sAmagrI saMkalita karane kA prArambha se hI lakSya thA / yaha suyoga hI thA ki AcAryazrI kA 1981 kA cAturmAsa rAyacUra meM huaa| yahA~ ke dhAravAr3a, zramaNa velagola, mUDa bidrI, kArakala maisUra Adi jaina vidyA ke prAcIna kendra samajhe jAne vAle vizvavidyAlayoM se evaM vahA~ ke pratiSThita purAtatvavidoM evaM itihAsa ke vidvAnoM ke samparka se yApanIya paramparA ke sambandha meM bhI yathepsita sAmagrI hameM prApta huI / hAlAMki isa sAmagrI se bhI yApanIya paramparA ke sambandha meM hameM pUrA santoSa to nahIM huA para phira bhI jaina itihAsa kI viluptaprAyaH aura vizRGkhalita kar3iyoM ko jor3ane meM hameM isa sAmagrI se paryApta sahAyatA milii| aisA hamAre itihAsa lekhakoM ko pratIta huA ki yApanIya, paramparA ke isa pramukha kendra karNATaka para videzI AkramaNoM aura pramukha rUpa se musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa kAla meM yApanIya paramparA kA jo vipula sAhitya thA vaha adhikAMza meM vinaSTa kara diyA gyaa| isa sAmagrI ke prApta hone ke bAda AzA thI ki isa prastuta graMtha kA lekhana zIghra sampanna kara liyA jAvegA para isI bIca lekhaka mahodaya kI sevAeM Avazyaka samajhakara jalagAMva meM AcArya zrI ke cAturmAsa kAla meM vahA~ ke zrI mahAvIra jaina svAdhyAya vidyApITha evaM vahA~ kI nezanala pablika lAibrerI ko dI gii| isase itihAsa lekhana ke kArya meM punaH vilamba huA / anta meM julAI 1983 se isa graMtha ke mudraNa aura sAtha-sAtha agretara Alekhana ke drutagati dI gii| pariNAma svarUpa yaha grantha aba pAThakoM ke sammukha hai| isa grantha ke prakAzana meM zrI premarAjajI bogAvata kA sahayoga bhI bar3A prazaMsanIya rahA jinhoMne apanA vyasta vyAvasAyika jIvana hote hue bhI pUre cAra mAsa taka apanA pUrA dhyAna idhara kendrita kiyaa| unakI isa niHsvArtha sevAoM ke lie hama punaH unake prati evaM lekhaka mahodaya ke prati apanA hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| jaina jagat ke yazodhanI samartha sAhitya sarjaka pUjya devendra munijI mahArAja sA. ne asvastha evaM atyadhika vyasta hote hue bhI prastuta grantha kA atha se iti taka avagAhana kara isa para "eka avalokana' likhane kI mahattI kRpA kI hai, isake lie hama pUjya paM. munizrI ke prati antarmana se AbhAra prakaTa karate haiM / AdaraNIya padma vibhUSaNa DA. DI. esa. koThArI sA. ne mahattI kRpA karake gurubhakti se prerita hokara isa pustaka ke lie "do zabda" likhakara jo kRpA kI hai, usake lie Page #23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kRtajJatA jJApana karane ke lie hamAre pAsa zabda nahIM haiN| hama isake liye unake atyanta RNI haiN| zrImAn kailAza jI sA. dUgar3a (madrAsa nivAsI) ne eka varSa taka pUre samaya ke lie eka lipika ko kanimarA lAibrerI meM niyata kara jaranaloM se aitihAsika sAmagrI kA saMkalana karavAne meM, zrImAna camanalAlajI sA. mUthA rAyacUra nivAsI ne karNATaka aura videzoM se aitihAsika sAmagrI ke saMkalana meM tathA sva. bAbAjI mahArAja zrI jayanta munijI ke supautra zrI rekhacandajI caudharI (pIpAr3a nivAsI) ne tamilanADu evaM karNATaka meM hamAre zodhArthI vidvAn ke sAtha ghUma-ghUmakara mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika sAmagrI ke saMkalana meM ullekhanIya sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| ataH hama ina tInoM mahAnubhAvoM kI zrutasevA kI muktakaMTha se sarAhanA karate haiN| isa grantha kI zabdAnukramaNikA taiyAra karane meM zrImatI maMjulAjI bamba evaM zrI pramodajI pAlAvata alavara nivAsI ne jo apanA amUlya samaya evaM zrama diyA hama unake prati bhI AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| sampAdaka maMDala ke samasta sadasyoM ke prati bhI isa anupama sampAdana sahayoga ke lie apanA hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| anta meM hama apane ArAdhya gurudeva AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja sAhaba ke prati apanI pragAr3ha niSThA evaM zraddhAbhakti ke sAtha apanI Antarika kRtajJatA jJApana karate hue atyanta harSa kA anubhava kara rahe haiM ki jinhoMne jina zAsana kI prabhAvanA ke anekAneka Thosa kAryoM ke sAtha-sAtha isa itihAsa lekhana ke kArya ko bhI apanA ucita evaM anupama mArga-darzana dekara samAja para asIma upakAra kiyA hai| cetanaprakAza DUgaravAla vimalacaMda DAgA pArasacaMda hIrAvata candrarAja siMghavI maMtrI adhyakSa maMtrI samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala jaina itihAsa samiti adhyakSa Page #24 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prathama saMskaraNa sampAdakIya aTala karma-siddhAnta ko satya siddha karane vAle adbhuta saMyoga prANI mAtra ke jIvana meM Ate haiM akabara ke pramukha senApati, itihAsa lekhaka evaM saMskRta va parziyana bhASA ke vidvAn zrI badAyUMnI ko vaidika evaM prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya ke parziyana bhASA meM anuvAda karane kA saMyoga se sundara avasara milaa| akabara kI icchAnusAra vipula, vaidika va saMskRta sAhitya kA usane parziyana bhASA meM anuvAda karake pracura prasiddhi bhI prApta kii| para kArya niSpatti ke anantara usane apane zoka bhare udagAra isa rUpa meM prakaTa kiye :-- "e mere maulA ! maiMne aisA kaunasA bar3A pApa kiyA thA ki jisase mujhe jIvana bhara kAphiroM ke dharmagranthoM kA anuvAda karanA pdd'aa| __ Aja ke dhArmika vAtAvaraNa kI sthiti meM katipaya mahAnubhAva samajha sakate haiM ki mujhe bhI katipaya aMzoM meM zrI badAyUMnI jaisA hI saMyoga prApta huA hai| para badAyUMnI ke usa saMyoga meM aura mere isa saMyoga meM AkAza pAtAla kA antara hai| badAyUMnI ne use sambhavataH durbhAgyapUrNa dukhada saMyoga maanaa| para maiM to ise saMyoga hI nahIM, apitu apane koTi-koTi pUrva janmoM meM saMcita puNya ke pratApa se milA eka bar3A sukhada sundara suyoga samajhatA hU~ ki jIvana ke uSaHkAla meM dasa varSa kI Ayu se 24 varSa taka kI Ayu meM parama dharmaniSTha Agama marmajJa guru ke caraNoM meM baiThakara jaina-vAMgmaya ke adhyayana adhyApana kA aura jIvana ke saMdhyAkAla meM samartha guru gajendra ke kuzala nirdezana meM jina zAsana kI sevA kA saubhAgya prApta huA hai| jana-jana kalyANakArI jinadharma ko kevala apanI hI bapautI sI samajhane vAlA koI nAmadhArI ise merI anAdhikAra ceSTA na samajha baiThe isalie maiM spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki maiMne apane hI purAtana kAlIna pUrvajoM dvArA susevita evaM susiMcita jinazAsana rUpI surataru kI na kevala zItala chAyA kA sukhAhAdopabhoga hI kiyA hai varan eka do prasaMgoM para to apanI kizora vaya meM hI apane zikSA guru ke iMgita para aura svataHsphUrta preraNA se bhI jinazAsana kI sevArtha apane choTe se jIvana taka ko bhI dAMva para lagA cukA hU~ aura aba apane jIvana kI sAMdhyavelA meM isa yuga ke mahAn yogI santa AcAryavara zrI gajendramuni ke niSpakSa nirdezana meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vizvakalyANakArI siddhAntoM ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA rakhate hue jinazAsana rUpI surataru ke nIce evaM isake irda-girda panapI kharapatavAra ko evaM bAhyADambarapUrNa chAye ghane kohare ko bhI jinazAsana siddhAnta rUpI bhAskara kI prakhara kiraNoM ke prakSepa se dUra karane kA sAhasapUrNa prayatna bhI kiyA hai| san 1932 kA eka pAvana prasaMga mere smRti-paTala para Aja bhI pratyakSa kI bhAMti pratibhAsita ho uThatA hai| merI manobhUmi meM bodhibIca kA vapana karane vAle mere parama upakArI Page #25 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zikSA guru sva. zrI pUnamacandajI sA. khIMvasarA (ela. pI. jaina saMketalipi ke AviSkarttA bhI) mujhe uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA "kesigoyamijjaM' adhyayana par3hA rahe the| usa samaya cAujjAmo ya jo dhammo, jo imo paMcasikkhio / desio vaddhamANeNa, pAseNa ya mahA muNI // acelago ya jo dhammo, jo imo santaruttaro / egakaJjapavannANaM, visese kiM nu kAraNaM // ina gAthAoM ko par3hakara mere antarmana meM jijJAsAeM taraMgita ho uThIM / athAha jJAna ke sAgara kezikumAra zramaNa dvArA gautama svAmI se pUche gaye 'dhamme duvihe mehAvi / kahaM vipaccao na te' isa prazna ko par3hakara to mere Azcarya kI sImA na rhii| maiMne aneka prazna kiye apane adhyApaka gurudeva se / mere sabhI praznoM kA samAdhAnakArI uttara milA aura pATha kI samApti ke bAda jaba maiMne yaha par3hA ki prabhu gautama ke hRdayasparzI vivecana se cintAmaNi prabhu pArzvanAtha ke antima paTTadhara tIna jJAna sampanna kezI zramaNa apanI sabhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna prApta kara tatkAla bejhijhaka pArzva prabhu ke cAturyAma pradhAna muktipatha se prabhu mahAvIra ke paMca mahAvrataparaka dharmapatha para ArUr3ha ho gaye aura prabhu pArzva ke caturvidha saMgha ke lAkhoM anuyAyiyoM ne pUrI niSThApUrvaka kezizramaNa kA pUre sarala mana se anugamana kiyA, to mujhe asIma Ananda evaM parama santoSa kI anubhUti huI / satya ke prati kezikumAra ke tatkAla sarvAtmanA samagra bhAvena isa nizchala samarpaNa bhAva kI mere kizora mana para amiTa chApa aMkita ho gii| sAtha hI mere bAla mana meM eka prazna uThA- 'kyA Aja bhI aisA ho sakatA hai ?' yaha krAntikArI ghaTanA Aja se lagabhaga 2534 varSa pUrva kI hai| vaha do mahAn paramparAoM ke saMgama kA, saMdhi kA samaya thA / parantu Aja to, kezi zramaNa ke paMca mahAvratAtmaka mukti patha para ArUr3ha hone ke samaya se lekara adyAvadhi paryanta kevala eka mahAvIra kI hI paramparA calI A rahI hai| usa samaya kevala do dhArAoM ko dekhakara hI pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke zramaNa Azcarya mizrita vicAra manthana meM nimagna ho gaye the / para Aja to kevala eka hI dhArA hai / para isameM bhI 'dhamme duvihe mehAvi' ke sthAna para 'dhamme sayavihe mehAvi' jaisI sthiti ko dekhakara bhI pratyeka jAgarUka jaina ciMtita to avazya hai kintu kezi gautama ko bhAMti bhrAntiyoM ko miTAkara satya ko kriyAnvita karane kA sarala mana se sAhasI prayAsa kisI dizA meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta Aja prAyaH yahI svara karNagocara ho rahA hai : " hama jo mAnate, kahate aura karate haiM vahI satya hai"| ise kAla prabhAva hI kahA jA sakatA hai aura kyA kaha sakate haiM ? (19) Page #26 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Aja na to vaise pUrvAbhiniveza-mukta zuddhacetA saralamanA satyAnveSI kezi zramaNa hI kahIM dikhAI de rahe haiM aura na sarvamAnya sayauktika satpatha-prakAzaka gautama hii| aisI sthiti meM kevala prabhu mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa evaM gautamAdi gaNadharoM dvArA grathita ekAdazAMgI hI hamArA nirNAyaka mArgadarzaka bana sakatI hai| mAnava mana kI yaha durbalatA hai ki vaha sahasA sarala mana se satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane se katarAtA hai| zatAbdiyoM se rUr3ha bana gaI mAnyatAoM se vaha cipakA rahanA adhika sarala samajhatA hai aura isIlie unase lipaTA rahanA hI zreyaskara samajhatA hai cAhe vaha phira kupatha hI kyoM na ho, satya se viparIta hI kyoM na ho, prabhu mahAvIra ke kathana se pare hI kyoM na ho| pUrvAbhiniveza aura vyAmoha vazAt usa kupatha kA parityAga karanA sAdhAraNa jana ke lie ati duSkara hotA hai| __ 'nyAyAta pathaH pravicalanti padaM na dhIrA' isa ukti ko caritArtha karane vAle lAkhoM meM se koI ekAdha viralA hI mahApuruSa milatA hai jo sAmAnya jana ko sAhasa ke sAtha satyapatha para mor3ane kA prayAsa karatA hai| yahI sthiti itihAsa ke pRSThoM para hameM pada-pada para dekhane ko milatI hai| itihAsa ke inhIM pRSThoM ko ujAgara karane kA aura prabhu mahAvIra ke Agama pratipAdita zramaNa aura AcAra paramparA para prakAza DAlane kA sAhasapUrNa prayAsa isa itihAsa mAlA meM 'Agama marmajJa mUrdhanya itihAsavettA saralamanA santa AcArya gajendra muni ke mArgadarzana meM kiyA gayA hai| isa saralamanA santa ke kuzala mArgadarzana meM isa granthamAlA kA Alekhana aura sampAdana karate samaya mere antarmana meM yahI mUlamantra anahada nAda kI taraha nirantara gUMjatA rahA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI hI avitatha, trikAla-satya, AdaraNIya, anukaraNIya aura tana-mana-vacana se AcaraNIya hai| nyAyAt pathaH pravicalannita padaM na dhIrAH ke anuyAyI mahAn santoM, sAhasI AcAryoM, satyAnveSiyoM aura prabhu mahAvIra ke zuddha zramaNAcAra ko pratipAdita karane vAle sudhArakoM kI jIvaniyoM Adi kA lekhana-sampAdana isa itihAsa mAlA meM kiyA gayA hai| isa kArya meM kaTutA, kadAgraha, kaTAkSa, kutsita bhASA pUrNa bhAvAbhivyaMjanA evaM kuNThA se kosoM dUra rahakara sudhAsikta sabhya bhadra janocita zAlIna bhASA meM bhAvAbhivyakti kI gaI hai| jahAM kahIM zithilAcAra athavA zithilAcArI jaise zabda dRSTigocara hote bhI haiM to ve taka hamAre apane nahIM haiM apitu mahAnizItha, saMgha paTTaka mUla tathA TIkA, saMgha paTTaka kI prastAvanA, bhAva sAgara sUri dvArA racita vIravaMza paTTAvalI Adi granthoM evaM bhava viraha yAkinI mahattarAsUnu AcArya haribhadra, abhayadeva sUri Adi pUrvAcAryoM dvArA caityavAsiyoM ke lie prayukta kiye gaye unhIM ke zabda haiN| hamane to jisa-jisa samaya jahA~ jahA~ mUrtiyoM evaM mandiroM taka ke nirmANa Adi ke (8) . Page #27 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ullekha prAcIna aitihAsika sAmagrI meM upalabdha hue haiM unakA khule mana se yathAsthAna eka bAra nahIM apitu saikar3oM bAra ullekha kiyA hai| yaha usa kAla kA satya thA jise ujAgara karane meM hamane kahIM bhI anudAratA nahIM dikhAI hai| para sAtha hI ina mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM Adi kA sthAna-sthAna para prastuta grantha meM ullekha karate samaya mana meM eka prazna uThA ki eka sAdhAraNa chadmastha dvArA inakA isa prakAra khulakara ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai to Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva prabhu kI vicaraNa bhUmiyoM evaM vihAra nagariyoM meM yadi vastutaH mandiroM evaM jaina pratimAoM kI vidyamAnatA hotI to una sabhI kA ullekha nizcita rUpa se saikar3oM bAra nahIM apitu hajAroM bAra gaNadhara apanI ekAdazAMgI meM avazyameva krte| kintu satya to vastutaH kucha aura hI prakaTa hotA hai| ekAdazAMgI ke kisI bhI aMga meM prabhu kI vicaraNa bhUmi ke kisI eka bhI nagara meM 5 jina mandiroM evaM jina pratimAoM kA aura unameM prabhu ke ziSyoM evaM upAsakoM meM se kisI eka ke bhI vandanArtha athavA pUjArtha jAne kA kahIM kiMcitmAtra bhI ullekha nahIM hai| yahA~ maiM spaSTa rUpa se nivedana kara denA cAhatA hUM ki prastuta itihAsa mAlA ke Alekhana ke samaya prArambha se hI 'itihAsa' zabda kI gauravapUrNa garimA ko pUrNarUpeNa akSuNNa banAye rakhane kI dizA meM pUrNa sAvadhAnI baratI gaI hai| itihAsa vastutaH eka aisA divya darpaNa hai, jisameM dharma, samAja, rASTra, saMskRti, jAti, samaSTi Adi ke atIta ke vAstavika svarUpa ko, ina sabake abhyudaya, utthAna, patana, punarutthAna Adi kI prakriyAoM, kAraNoM Adi ko pratyakSa kI bhAMti dekhA samajhA jA sakatA hai aura bhUtakAla kI bhUloM ko bhalI-bhAMti dekha, soca evaM samajha kara bhaviSya meM kamI usa prakAra kI bhUloM kI punarAvRtti na ho, isa prakAra kA sudRr3ha-susthira manobala banAyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta graMtha mAlA meM itihAsa ke ye mUla guNa, ye mUla lakSaNa mukharita ho uThe, isa bAta kA yathAzakya pUrNa prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| itihAsa ke isI mUla guNa athavA lakSaNa ko dRSTipatha meM rakhakara bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM, bhinna-bhinna kAla meM ghaTita hue ghaTanA-cakra ko kramabaddha athavA suvyavasthita banA, TUTI huI-bikharI huI itihAsa kI kar3iyoM ko binA mor3e hI jor3akara AgamoM, Agametara granthoM, itihAsa-granthoM, tAmrapatroM, guhA-lekhoM, zilAlekhoM, stambhalekhoM, AyAgapaTTa-mUrtiyoM Adi para uTUMkita abhilekhoM, tAmrapatroM Adi ke AdhAra para hI prastuta grantha meM itivRtta kA Alekhana kiyA gayA hai| jina abhilekha Adi kA isa grantha ke lekhana meM upayoga kiyA gayA hai, usameM bhI isa bAta kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki usa grantha athavA abhilekha Adi ke racanAkAra ne jisa rUpa meM ghaTanA kA citraNa kiyA hai, usake usa rUpa-svarUpa athavA bhAvoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana na hone paave| yahA~ maiM atIva spaSTa evaM vinamra zabdoM meM sabhI paramparAoM ke sahRdaya pAThakoM tathA Page #28 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ itihAsa premiyoM se yaha nivedana kara denA cAhatA hUM ki prastuta "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa" nAmaka granthamAlA ke mUlato bhavaM maulikama isa artha ke anurUpa AgamoM meM pratipAdita jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko hI pramukha AdhAra mAna kara jaina dharma kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki Agametara dharmagranthoM meM etadviSayaka ekarUpatA ke darzana durlabha haiN| yaha to eka nirvivAda tathya hai ki zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kA svarUpa tIrthapravartana kAla se lekara zvetAmbara-digambara yApanIya vibheda kI dRSTi se vIra ni. sa. 609 taka aura caityoM meM niyata nivAsa karane vAlI caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva kI dRSTi se devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa kAla taka sunizcita rUpeNa isa prakAra kA nahIM thA jisa prakAra kA ki vartamAna kAla meM dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| usa samaya bha. mahAvIra kA caturvidha dharmasaMgha ekarUpatA liye aikyatA ke sudRr3ha sUtra meM Abaddha thA aura Aja vaha vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta hai| Aja isameM anaikyatA aura veSa-vaibhinya kI dRSTi se anekarUpatA spaSTataH parilakSita hotI hai| pRthakazaH athavA samuccaya rUpa se kisI ko pUcha liyA jAya, sabhI svasammata dharmasvarUpa, veSa, AcAra-vicAra, vidhi-vidhAna Adi ko hI tIrtha-pravartana kAla se pracalita evaM paramparAgata btaayeNge| zvetAmbara-digambara-yApanIya ke rUpa meM vibheda ke anantara aura mukhyataH devarddhi kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa kAla ke pazcAta se to yahI durbhAgyapUrNa dayanIya sthiti calI A rahI hai| sarvajJa-sarvadarzI zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vizvakalyANakArI dharmasaMgha kI isa prakAra kI vizRMkhalita sthiti aneka pUrvAcAryoM mahAmanISI mahAsantoM ke mana meM khaTakatI rhii| titthayara samo sUri, samaM jo jiNamayaM pyaaseii| ANaM aikkamaMto, so kApuriso na sppriso| sa eva bhavasattANaM, cakkhubhUe viyaahie| daMseI jo jiNu diLaM, aNuTThANaM jahAhiyaM // 1 ina gAthAoM ke nirdezAnusAra zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke dharma-saMgha ke tIrthaMkara tulya eMva netra samAna mahAn AcAryoM ne apane garimApUrNa AcArya pada ke kartavyoM kA nirvahana karate hue jina praNIta-AgamAnusArI dharma ke svarUpa ko samaya-samaya para caturvidha tIrtha ke samakSa jana-jana ke samakSa nimnalikhita rUpa meM rakhA : vi. saM.757-827 A. haribhadra yAkinImahattarAsUnu : 1. bhavatI u gamAgama jaMtu, pharisaNAi pamaddaNaM jtth| 1 gacchAcAraM paiNNaya, adhi. 1 (10) Page #29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sa-para hiovarayANaM, na maNaM pi pavattae tattha // 47 // tA sa-para hiovarasahiM, savvaTThANa esiyavvaM visesa / jaM parama sArabhUyaM visesavaMtaM ca aNuDheyaM // 48 // merutuMge maNi maMDiekka kaMcaNamae parama rmme| nayaNa maNANaMdakare, pabhUya vinnANa sAisaye // 50 // kaMcaNa maNi somANe, thaMbha sahassUsie suvnnnntle| jo kAravela jiNahare, tao vi tava saMjamo aNaMta guNotti // 56 // 2. jahA icchAyAreNaM na kappai titthayattaM gaMtu suvihiyANaM, ... annaM ca jattAe gaehiM asaMjame paDijaI / eeNa kAraNeNaM titthayattAe pddisehiji| ..... ee te goyamA ! egUNaM paMcasae sAhUNaM, jehiM ca NaM tArisa guNovaveyassa NaM mahANubhAgassa guruNo ANa aikkamiya No ArAhiyaM, aNaMta saMsArie jaae| 3. ........ jahA bho bho piyaMvae ! jai vi jiNAlae tahAvi sAvajamiNaM NAhaM vAyA mitteNaM pi eyaM aayrilaa| evaM ca samaya sAraparaM tattaM jahaTThiyaM avivarIyaM pIsaka bhaNamANaNaM tesiM micchAdiTTiliMgINaM sAhuvesa dhArINaM majjhe goyamA! AsakaliyaM titthayaraNAmakammagoyaM teNaM kuvalayappabheNaM ega bhavAva sesIkao bhvoyhii| tattha ya dhiTTho aNulavija nAma saMgha melAvago ahesi (dhRSTa labAroM, labAr3iyoM athavA kabAriyoM kA samUha (saMgha) thA) ....... kayaM ca se sAvajAyariyabhihANaM saddakaraNaM gayaM ca pasiddhie / 1 . AgayA imA gAhA - jatthitthIkarapharisaM, aMtariya kAraNe vi uppanne / arahA vi kareja sayaM, taM gacchaM mUlaguNa mukkaM // tao goyamA ! appasakieNaM ceva ciMtiyaM teNa sAvajAyariyeNaM jai eyaM jahaTThiyaM panname tao jaM mama vaMdaNagaM dAumANIe tIe ajAe uttimaMgeNa calaNaMge puDhe taM savvehiM pi diTThameehiM tti| tA jahA mamaM sAvajAyariyAbhihANaM kayaM tahA annamavi kiM ci etthu muddakaM kaahiNti| ... tao puNo vi suiraM paritappiUNaM goyamA ! annaM parihAragamalabhamANeNaM aMgIkAUNa dIha saMsAraM bhaNiyaM ca sAvajAyarieNaM jahA NaM ussaggAvavA ehiM Agamo Thio tujjhe Na yANaha - "mahAnisIha sutta" STUDIEN ZUM MAHANISIHA Jozef Deleu and Walther Schubring. Hamburg Cram. De Gruyter and Co. 1963 (11) : Page #30 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ egaMta micchattaM jiNANamANA annegNtaa| eyaM ca vayaNaM goyamA ! giNhAya vasati viyahi sihikulehiM va ....... sabahumANaM icchiyaM tehiM tehiM duTTha soyaarehi| tao egavayaNa doseNaM goyamA ! nibaMdhiUNANaMta saMsAriyattaNaM apaDikkamiUNaM ca tassa pAva samudAya mahAkhaMdha melAvagassa mariUNaM uvavanno vANamaMtaresu so sAvaJjAyario ... | 1 vi. saM. 1088 - 1135 abhayadevasUri navAMgIvRttikAra : 5. devaDDikhamAsamaNajA, paraMparaM bhAvao viyANemi / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, davvao paraMparA bahuhA // 2 jinadattasUri (vi.saM. 1169 sUripada) : gaDaripavAhao jo, painayaraM dIsae bahujaNehiM / jiNagiha kAravaNAIM, suttaviruddho asuddho y|| 6 // so hoi davvadhammo, appahANo neva nivvuiM jaNai / suddho dhammo bIo, mahio paDisoyagAmIhiM // 7 // 3 lokAzAha se lagabhaga sAr3he pA~ca sau varSa pUrva digambara AcArya rAmaseNa, (vi.saM. 953) ne jina pratimA kI pUjA-arcA ko samyaktva prakRti mithyAtva batAyA : 7. sammatta-payaDi micchattaM, kahiyaM jaM jiNiMda-biMbesu / ........... || 41 // 4 arthAt mAthura saMgha (digambara paramparA ke saMgha) kI sthApanA karane vAle AcArya rAmaseNa ne kisI bhI jina pratimA meM jinezvara bha. kI kalpanA karane aura isa prakAra kI kalpanA ke sAtha pratimA kI vandanA-arcA-pUjA karane Adi kriyAkalApoM ko samyaktva-prakRti mithyAtva kI saMjJA dii| pUrNimA pakSIya zrI akalaMkadevasUri, vi. saM. 1240-44 ne jinapati sUri se dUsarA prazna kiyA-"bhavatvidameva, paraM saMghena saha yAtrA kvApi sidvAnte sAdhUnAM vidheyatayA bhaNitAsti, yadevaM yUyaM prasthitAH ? . AcArya ! ati dhRSTA yUyaM yadadyApi (yAtrAyAM saMghena saha pracalitApi) sidvAntabalamAlambata / ... kiM yuSmAbhirevaikaiH 1 Studien Zum Mahanisiha Hamburg Cram. 1963 2 Agama aSTottarI 3 sandeha dohAvali 4 darzana sAra (AcArya devasena) (12) Page #31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ siddhAntA dRSTA na dvitIyaiH ?" 1 9. mahAn dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha se lagabhaga 209 varSa pUrva jina pratimAoM kI dravya pUjA meM katipaya aise sudhAra kie gae, jinheM usa samaya ke dezavyApI vAtAvaraNa ko dekhate huye krAntikArI sudhAra kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| una krAMtikArI sudhAroM kI ghoSaNA aneka AcAryoM ke hastAkSaroM se aMkita, aneka AcAryoM se anumodita evaM tatkAlIna aneka gaNamAnya zrAvaka pramukhoM tathA zreSThimukhyoM dvArA sAkSIkRta eka saMdhAdeza se kI gii| vaha krAntikArI aitihAsika saMdhAdeza isa prakAra hai : saMghAdeza saM. 1299 varSe 13 tryodshyaaN| adyeha zrImannaNahillapATake samasta rAjA vali viraajitaa| mahArAjAdhirAja zrI tribhuvanapAla deva vijaya rAjye tanniyukta mahAmAtya daNDa zrI tAte zrI zrI karaNAdi samudrAvyApArAna paripaMthayati satyevaM kAle pravartamAne zrI saMghAdezapatramabhilikhyate / yathA zrI aNahilla pATake pratiSThita samasta zrI AcArya, samasta zrI zrAvaka, prabhRti samasta zrI zramaNasaMghazcitrAvAla gacchIya devabhadragaNi ziSya AcArya gajacandra sUri, zrI devendra sUri, zrI vijaya candra sUri prabhRti AcAryAn padmacandragaNi prabhRti tapodhanAna, zrI paM. kulacandragaNi, ajitaMprabha gaNi prabhRti parivAra samasthitAna saprasAda samAdizati-yathA yati-pratiSThA karttavyA ca, zrAvaka pratiSThA ca na pramANIkAryA | 1| tathA zrI devasya purato bali naivedya rAtrikAdIni niSedhyAni / 2 / tathA samasta vaiyAvRtyakaraNAM // samyag dRSTi samasta, ambikAdi mUrti prabhRtinAM gRha caityeSu ca saMtiSThamAnAnAM pUjAniSedho mA kaaryH|3| zrI saMdha pratiSThita, zrI AcAryaistapodhanaizca samaM yathA paryAya vaMdanaka vyavahAraH karaNIyaH / 4 / sva pratibodhita zrAvakANAM, samastagacchIyAcAryatapodhanAnAM, pUjA vaMdanakAdi niSedho na kAryaH / 5 / rAkApakSIya, AJcalikastristutikAdibhizca saha vandanaka-vyavahAraH zrutAdhyayanAdhyApAnAdi vyavahArazca na karaNIyaH / 6 .... | 7 |... | 8 |... | 9 |..... * | 10/ ....... | 11| ....... kiM bahunA '12' zrImannaNahilla pATake pratiSThita zrI zramaNa saMghasya AjJA manyamAnaiH sarvairapi AcAryaiH tapodhanaizca bahirapi vyavahAraNIyaM / 12 / evaM zrI saMghAdezaM kurvANA AcAryatapodhanAzca zrI saMghasyAbhimatA eva / enaM ca saMghAdezaM kurvANAn aMgIkRtya, akurvANAnAM AjJAtikramadoSavatA-amISAM zrAvakAzca saMghabAhyA karttavyA / yadi punaH . . | 2 varddhamAna sUri prathamataH caityavAsI paramparA meM dIkSita hue the| unhoMne jaba nirgrantha-pravacana 1 kharatatara gaccha vRhad gurvAvali, siMghI jaina zAstra zikSA pITha, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana bambaI, vi. sa. 2013 2 "gacchAcAra vidhi bar3odA yUnivarsiTI kI prati kI phoTokApI naM. 17428, AcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura kI phoTokApI naM. 309 AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. dvArA gujarAta-saurASTra-kaccha ke vihAra kAla meM praapt| (13) Page #32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kA avalokana-cintana-manana kiyA to unake antastala meM jainadharma ke zAstra sammata sacce svarUpa kI eka jhalaka prakaTa huii| ukane caityavAsI guru ne unheM upAdhyAya pada para adhiSThita kara caityavAsI paramparA meM hI bane rahane kA pralobhana diyaa| unake samaya meM cUrNiyA niyuktiyAM bhASya vRttiyA~ Adi vidyamAna thIM ve saba unheM satpatha kI ora bar3hane se nahIM roka sake aura unhoMne araNyacArI-vanavAsI paramparA ke AcArya udyotana sUri ke pAsa upasampadA-zAstra sammata vizuddha zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara unase gaNipiTaka kA nigraMtha pravacana kA talasparzI adhyayana kiyA / varddhamAna sUri kI vidyamAnatA meM unake ziSya jinezvara sUrI kA jaba gurjareza vallabharAja kI aNahillapura paTTana kI rAjasabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha huA aura pramANa ke rUpa meM caityavAsI AcAryoM dvArA nirgrantha pravacana ke sthAna para anya zAstra prastuta kiye jAne lage to jinezvara sUri ne spaSTa zabdoM meM durlabharAja se kahA - "mahArAja ! asmAkaM mate'pi yad gaNadharaizcaturdaza pUrvadharaizca yo darzito mArgaH sa eva pramANIkartuyujyate, nAnyaH / tato rAjJoktaH - "yuktmev|' varddhamAna sUri-jinezvara sUri ke samaya meM paMcAgI vidyamAna thI na ? unhoMne to caturdaza pUrvadharaizca ke Age paMcAgibhizca zabda nahIM jor3A ? satya antatogatvA satya hI hai| kyA isa satya tathya ko 'hu~' kahakara TAlA jA sakatA hai ? kyA mahAnizItha meM haribhadra sUri mahattasa sUnu dvArA prakAza meM lAye gaye uparivarNita 1 se 3 kI saMkhyA se aMkita tIna zAzvata satyoM ko luMpaka paMthI, sthAnaka paMthI jaise kisI bhI susabhya ke liye azobhanIya zabdoM ke uccAraNa mAtra se vitatha kiyA jA sakatA hai ? devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla meM jainadharma ke svarUpa kI chavi kA abhayadeva sUri ne "siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, davvao paramparA bahuhA", jinadatta sUri ne gaDDuri pavAhao jo ...", zrI vIravaMza paTTAvalI ke racanAkAra zrI bhAvasAgara sUri ne - dussaha dUsamavasao, sAha-pasAhAhiM kulgnnaaiihiN| vijA kiriyAbhaTThA, sAsaNamiha suttarahiyaM ca // 19 // ina gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se jo citraNa kiyA hai, usI chavi ko dakSiNa bhArata ke ve saikar3oM zilAlekha tAmrapatra Adi aura bhI spaSTa rUpa se ubhAra kara samAja ke samakSa vijJa cintakoM ke vicArArtha prastuta kara rahe haiM, jinameM rAjAoM, mahArAjAoM, sAmantoM, senApatiyoM, zreSThiyoM Adi sabhI vargoM ke gRhastha puruSoM evaM mahilAoM dvArA yApanIya zramaNa saMgha, nigraMtha-zvetAmbara-digambara-kUrcaka zramaNasaMghoM ke AcAryoM ko muniyoM ke bhojana hetu evaM mandiroM, maThoM, vasadiyoM Adi kI vyavasthA hetu diye gaye aura una AcAryoM dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye grAmadAna, bhUmidAna, bhavanadAna, dravyadAna, karAMzadAna Adi kA suspaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai| kyA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA tIrtha pravartana kAla meM jainadharma kA, paMcamahAvratadhArI (14) Page #33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa-zramaNI varga ke zramaNAcAra kA isa prakAra kA svarUpa prarUpita pradarzita kiyA gayA thA ? pratyeka sacce jaina kA eka hI uttara hogA - "nahIM, nahIM kadApi nhiiN|' mahAn dharmoddhAraka loMkAzAha ne bhI ina saba vikRtiyoM para vicAra kara, jainadharma kI isa prakAra dhUmala kI gaI chavi para gaharA duHkha prakaTa karate huye kahA thA - "saMsAra ke prANimAtra ke sacce trAtA vizvabandhu karuNAsindhu zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nikhila jagat ke prANiyoM ke hita kI sAdhanA ke liye vizvadharma-jainadharma kA jo svarUpa, zramaNa-zramaNI-zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpI caturvidha tIrtha ke AcAra-vicAra vyavahAra kA jo svarUpa batAyA thA vaha isa prakAra kA kadApi nahIM thA, jisa prakAra kA ki Aja cAroM ora dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| vizvabandhu vIra jinezvara ne to prANimAtra ke prANoM kI rakSA-dayA ko hI dharma kA prANa batAte hue AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zruta skandha ke dUsare uddezaka meM spaSTataH pharamAyA thA - __ "saMti pANA puDhosiyA lajamANA puDhopAsa aNagArAmotti ege pavayamANA jamiNaM virUvarUvehiM satthehiM puDhavikamma samAraMbheNaM puDhavisatthaM samAraMbhemANA jamiNa virUva rUvahi satthehiM puDhavikamma samAraMbheNaM puDhavisatthaM sabhAraMbhemANA aNNe aNega rUve pANe vihiNsi| tattha khalu bhagavayA pariNNA paveiyA, imassa ceva jIviyassa parivaMdaNa, mANaNa, pUyaNAe, jAi maraNa moyaNAe, dukkhapaDighAyaheu~ se sayameva puDhavisatthaM samAraMbhai......... saMmAraMbhAvei . ... samAraMbhaMte samaNujANai / taM se ahiyAe taM se abohie. '' ___ arthAt sArarUpataH koI bhI vyakti apane jIvana ko banAye rakhane ke lie, apane mAna-sammAna-pUjA Adi ke liye athavA janma-maraNa se mukti pAne arthAt mokSa prApti taka ke liye duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne ke liye ina SaDjIva nikAya kA Arambha samArambha karatA hai, karavAtA hai aura karane vAle ko bhalA samajhatA hai to vaha usake lie ghora ahitakara, ghora anarthakArI hai, vaha use abodhi arthAt ghora mithyAtva ke ghanAndhatama andhakAra meM DAlane ke lie hai| / jisa satya bAta ko, jisa zAstra sammata zAzvata satya ko prakaTa karane ke pariNAma-svarUpa mahAnizItha ke ullekhAnusAra mahAna cAritra niSTha zramaNazreSTha AcArya kuvalaya prabha ko svArthaparaka dharmAndha labAra logoM aura veSadhAriyoM ne 'sAvadhAcArya' kI azobhanIya upAdhi se aura digambarAcArya rAmaseNa ko jainAbhAsa kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA, usI Agama sammata zAzvata satya ko dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha ne bhI prakaTa kiyA hai : haiM jisakI jAta se rozana, ye sUraja cA~da aura taare| mahA andhera hai usako, agara dIpaka dikhAUM maiM // lokAzAha ne kahA thA-bhagavatI sUtra meM gaNadharoM dvArA prabhu se pUche gaye 36,000 prazna . (15) Page #34 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ aura prabhu mahAvIra dvArA die gae una praznoM ke uttara dRbdha haiM, unameM se eka bhI to praznottara aisA nahIM jo mUrti nirmANa, mandira nirmANa evaM mUrtipUjA se hone vAle phala para prakAza DAlatA ho| lokAzAha ne satya kA zaMkhanAda phUMkate hue kahA thA-"ye niyuktiyA~ caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu kI kRtiyAM nahIM haiN| zAstroM kA, cUrNiyoM, bhASyoM, TIkAoM (vRttiyoM) kA AloDana-maMthana kara aneka boloM ke rUpa meM samyagjJAna, samyag darzana, samyak cAritra kA navanIta nikAla niyuktiyoM cUrNiyoM Adi caturaMgI ke azAstrIya ullekhoM kA ambAra jaina jagat ke samakSa rakhate hue ati vinamra susabhyocita bhASA meM yahI kahA ki kyA ye mUlaAgamoM ke pratikUla caturaMgI kI bAteM kisI satyAnvezI sacce jaina ke liye mAnya ho sakatI haiN| jI catura haiM ve vicAra kreN| lokAzAha ke eka-eka zabda meM kaisI agAdha anukaraNIya vinamratA ota-prota hai, isakA anumAna pAThakoM ko "lokAzAha ke 34 bola" nAmaka laghu pustikA ke anta meM niSkarSa ke rUpa meM likhe gaye nimnalikhita vAkyoM se sahaja hI ho sakatA hai "tathA bIjA bola ketalA eka vighaTatA chai, te bhaNI niyukti cauda pUrva-dharanI bhASI kima saddahIi ? te bhaNI DAhai manuSyai siddhAnta Upari ruci karavI, jima iha lokaI para lokaI sukha upajai shii|" (satya ke prastutIkaraNa ke sAtha mana bhAvana mRdu manohara manuhAra ke atirikta kahIM leza-mAtra bhI Akroza, aziSTa vacana athavA kaTutA kA nAmonizAM taka nhiiN| isa satya tathya ke udghATana para jahA~ eka ora satyAnveziyoM ne loMkAzAha kI sarAhanA kI to dUsarI ora jJAnalavadurvidagdhAtmAoM ne, pUrvAbhinivezAbhibhUta logoM ne lokAzAha ko jI bhara gAliyAM bhI diiN| para samazatrumitra sthitaprajJa lokAzAha na to sarAhanA se tuSTa hI hue aura na asahiSNu AlocakoM kI gAliyoM se ruSTa hii| ve to zatAbdiyoM se manda bana gaI nahIM apitu manda banA dI gaIM jina dharma kI jyoti ko jIvana bhara uddIpta karane meM pradIpta karane meM prANapaNa se saMlagna rhe| lokAzAha dvArA uddIpta-pradIpta kI gaI saddharma kI divya jyoti-jyotiSmatI mazAla AryadharA ke isa koNa se usa koNa taka Aja samyagjJAna-darzana-cAritra kA prakAza phailAtI huI "tamaso mA jyotirgamaya' kI sUkti ko caritArtha kara rahI hai| ulUka ke na cAhane para bhI rohaNagiri para ArUr3ha aruNa varuNa kA udaya anAdi kAla se Aja taka kabhI nahIM rukA, usI prakAra ghora virodha kI tUphAnI saghana-ghana-ghaTAoM ke ghaTATopa ke uparAnta bhI ADambaroM ke ambAroM se AcchAdita sacce AgamAnusArI jainadharma kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa kramazaH haribhadra sari Adi upari nAmollikhita pUrvAcAryoM ke kramika tathyodaghATanoM aura antatogatvA loMkAzAha ke sadaprayantoM se apanI alaukika AbhA liye prakAza meM Akara hI rhaa| Page #35 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ lagabhaga pAMca sau battIsa varSa pUrva lokAzAha ne pramANa purassara kahA thA - "ye niyuktiyAM vastutaH caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu kI racanAeM kadApi nahIM ho sktii| unake isa kathana kA usa samaya loMkAzAha ke virodhiyoM dvArA kaTutara bhASA meM virodha kiyA gyaa| virodha aura anumodana-donoM hI prakAra kI prakriyAeM lagabhaga sAr3he cAra zatAbdiyoM taka calatI rhiiN| kintu I. san 1931 meM jarmana vidvAn harmana jaikobI ne bhI sapramANa spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA : The author of the Niryukties Bhadrabahu is identified by the Jains with the patriarch of that name who died 170 A.V. There can be no doubt that they are mistaken. For the account of seven schisms (Ninhaga) in the Avashyaka Niryukti VIII 56-100 must have been written 584 and 609 of the Vira Era. There are the dates of the Uth andPage #36 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ meM-nirgrantha pravacana meM gaNipiTaka meM eka bhI aisA mantra hai jise zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ne siddhakSetra meM virAjamAna jinezvaroM ke mUrti meM AhvAna ke liye, mUrti meM una janma-jarA-mRtyuJjayI ajanmA jinezvaroM kI prANa pratiSThA ke liye prarUpita kiyA ho athavA gaNadharoM ne dRbdha kiyA ho ? kyoMki ekAdazAMgI meM eka bhI aisA mantra vidyamAna nahIM hai, isaliye Apako, hameM aura sabhI ko yahI kahanA par3egA ki - "nhiiN|" prakAza to sUrya se hI hogA, sUrya kI mUrti se kadApi nahIM / mUrti sUrya kI hai, para andhakAra pUrNa gRha meM rakhI huI hai| usa dazA meM usa sUrya kI mUrti ke dvArA dUsaroM ko prakAza diye jAne kI bAta to dUra usake liye svayaM ko prakAzita karanA bhI saMbhava nahIM ho skegaa| usako dekhane ke liye sUrya ke prakAza kI athavA dIpaka Adi kisI anya prakAza kI anivAryarUpeNa AvazyakatA hogii| usa aMdhakArapUrNa gRha kI chata ke chidra se yadi sUrya kI eka bhI kiraNa sUryamUrti ke pArzva meM rakhe darpaNa para par3egI to aMdhere ghara meM ujAlA hogA aura sUrya kI vaha mAnavanirmita mUrti tatkAla dRSTigocara ho jaayegii| ThIka usI prakAra lokAgra para avasthita siddhazilA para ananta - akSaya avyAbAdha sukha meM virAjamAna niraJjana-nirAkAra-ajanmA - avikAra amUrta jinezvara bhagavAn ghaTa ke paTa kholakara unase lagAne vAle sAdhaka ke vizuddha nirmala antaHkaraNa meM bhakta kavi ke nimnalikhita zabdoM meM sahasA alaukika divya Aloka ke rUpa meM udbhAsita ho jAyeMge : muktiMgato'pIza ! vizuddha citte, dharopeNa mamAsa sAkSAt / bhAnurdavIyAnapi darpaNeM'zu, saMgAnna kiM dyotayate gRhAntaH // lokAzAha se uttaravartI kAla ke itihAsa vidoM, manISI vidvAnoM, niSpakSa ciMtakoM meM gahanazodha ke anantara isa sambandha meM apane jo mananIya abhimata vyakta kiye haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM : labdhapratiSTha purAtatvavid vidvAn zrI rameza candra zarmA, nidezaka, rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, mathurA, jo lakhanaU ke vikhyAta rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM bhI mahatvapUrNa pada para raha cuke haiM, unhoMne mathurA ke rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM upalabdha jaina itihAsa se sambandhita purAtatva sAmagrI ke gahana adhyayana ke anantara lagabhaga 12 pRSTha kA eka zodhapUrNa lekha taiyAra kara use aneka zodha patrikAoM meM prakAzita karavAyA / 1 zrI zarmA ke usa lekha ke katipaya mahatvapUrNa aMza itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAle pAThakoM ke liye yahA~ prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM: 1 isa lekha kI pANDulipi kI pratilipi hamAre zodhArthI vidvAn ne taiyAra kI jo A. zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura meM (harI jilda ke rajisTara meM) vidyamAna hai| (18) Page #37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ (1) "AyAgapaTTa-kintu jaina mUrtikalA kA jo kramika aura vyavasthita rUpa hameM mathurA meM milatA hai, vaha anyatra nhiiN| Arambha AyAgapaTToM se hotA hai, jise jarmana vidvAna bUlara pUjA-zilA mAnate haiN| DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla kA mata hai ki "AyAgapaTTa" zabda "Aryaka" se nikalA hai, jisakA abhiprAya-pUjanIya hai| kisI saMvata ke na milane se inakA ThIka samaya batA sakanA to saMbhava nahIM hai, kintu zailI ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne apanA mantavya prakaTa kiyA hai| bI. sI. bhaTTAcArya inheM kuSANa yuga se pahale kA mAnate haiN| DaoN. lAhujana 50 I. pUrva se 50 I. ke bIca nirdhArita karatI haiN| DaoN. agravAla ke anusAra prathama zatI I. inakA ucita kAla hai| nizcaya hI ye pUjA-zilAeM usa saMkramaNa kAla kI haiM, jaba ki upAsanA kA mAdhyama pratIka the aura devatAoM tathA mahApuruSoM ko mAnava rUpa meM aMkita karane kA abhiyAna bhI cala par3A thA / 1 inameM bahuta se zobhA cinha utkIrNa haiM aura upAsya devatA yA mahApuruSa kA saMketa bhI stUpa, dharma, svastika Adi pratIkoM se hI huA hai| kahIM-kahIM lekha meM upAsya kA nAma bhI mila jAtA hai| sAtha hI kucha AyAgapaTTa aise haiM, jinake bIca meM pratIka ke sthAna para upAsya kI choTI sI mAnavAkRti A gaI hai aura usake cAroM ora bar3e-bar3e pratIka haiN| yaha nirvivAda hai ki kuSANa kAla meM mahApuruSoM aura devatAoM kI svatantra mAnavAkRtiyAM bana gaI thiiN| isake pahale pratIkopAsanA hI pracalita thii| (jaisA ki mathurA ke pUrvavartI dUsarI aura pahalI zatI I. kI bharahuta aura sAMcI kalA zailiyoM se spaSTa hai|) ataH pratIka aura mUrti upAsanA kI saMkramaNa sthiti prathama zatI I. pUrva ke madhya se prathama zatAbdI I. ke bIca mAna lenA nyAyasaMgata hai aura mathurA ke jaina AyAgapaTTa isI avadhi ke aura kuSANa yuga se pahale (ke) hI haiN| pratIkopAsanA ke kaTTarapaMthI kAla meM brAhmaNadharma meM mUrtiyoM kI lokapriyatA se prabhAvita ho kalAkAra ne bahuta choTe rUpa meM kucha AyAgapaTToM meM anya pratIkoM ke bIca tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI AsIna kara diyA aura sAmAjika pratikriyA kI pratIkSA karane lgaa| jaba use zanaiH zanaiH samarthana prApta huA tabhI jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa huaa| yaha samaya kaniSka ke rAjyArohaNa ke Asa-pAsa thA aura usake samaya mile rAjyAzraya ke phalasvarUpa mAthurI zilpa kA rUpa sarvatra damaka utthaa| AyAga-paTToM meM jo zubha cihna prApta hote haiM, ve adhikAMzataH ye haiM : svastika, darpaNa, pAtra yA zarAvasaMpuTa-do sakore, bhadrAsana, matsyayugala, maMgala kalaza aura pustaka / inheM aSTamaMgala cinha kahate haiN| inakI saMkhyA kama yA adhika bhI rahatI hai aura cinhoM meM antara bhI milatA hai - jaise - zrIvatsa, caitya kA bodhivRkSa, triratna bhI prAyaH cinhita pAye jAte haiN| jina-pratimAoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAe~-svatantra jina-mUrtiyA~ dhyAnabhAva meM padmAsanAsIna athavA daNDa kI taraha khar3I-jise kAyotsarga bhI kahate haiM, ina do rUpoM meM 1 vibhinna vidvAnoM ke saMkSipta vicAra ke liye isa lekha ke lekhaka kA nibandha 'Early phase of Jain Econography' Chhotelal Commemoration Vol. cal. p. 59-60 dekheN| (19) Page #38 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ milI hai / ..... prAcIna jina-AkRtiyA~ digambara arthAt nagna haiN| tIrthaMkara :-........... mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI nizcata saMvata se aMkita pratimAoM meM kuSANa saM. 5 (83 I.) kI caumukhI mUrti bI. 71 saba se prAcIna hai| sAmAnya jina-pratimAoM meM prAcIna hai kaniSka saM. 17 arthAt 85 I. kI caraNa caukI (saMkhyA 58-3385), aura sabase bAda kI hai saM. 92 arthAt 170 I. kI vAsudeva ke zAsana kii| neminAtha : . ... anya mUrti saMkhyA 34-2502 meM madhya meM AvakSa neminAtha ke dAhinI ora sAta sarpaphaNadhArI caturbhujI balarAma haiM jinake Upara ke bAyeM hAtha meM hala hai, jo balarAma kI mukhya pahacAna hai| bAMI ora zrI kRSNa ko viSNu rUpa meM dikhAyA hai, jinake cAra bhujAeM haiN| .. . yaha pratimA kuSANa kAla ke anta aura gupta yuga ke Arambha kI pratIta hotI hai| jisa prakAra rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya mathurA kI purAtatva sAmagrI ke gahana adhyayana ke anantara pramANa purassara uparilikhita tathyoM para purAtatva vibhAga ke mAnya vidvAn zrI zarmA ne prakAza DAlA hai, usI prakAra karNATaka pradeza ke prAcIna evaM madhyayugIya aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para itihAsa ke taTastha vidvAn zrI rAmabhUSaNa prasAdasiMha ne apanI pustaka "jainijma ina aba mIDiyevala karNATaka" meM likhA hai : " Naturally the early Jains did not practice image worship, which finds no place in the Jaina Canonical literature." isI prakAra kanyA kumArI kI "zrI pAdapAi" nAmaka jo pahAr3I samudra taTa se 200 gaja sAgara ke andara kI ora hai, usa pahAr3I kI caTTAna para aMkita pavitra caraNa-cihna ko tIrthaMkara bhagavAn kA caraNa cihna batAte hue itihAsajJa vidvAna ??? padmanAbhana ne "The forgotten History of the Land's End" meM sara ??? viliyama kA mUrtipUjA va caraNa-cihna-pUjA ke sambandha meM abhimata vyakta karate hue likhA hai : "He opines that Jainism first introduced foot-print-worship in Indian religion." to jisa prakAra bhava-viraha yAkinI mahattarA sUnu haribhadra sUri se lekara vartamAna kAla ke zrI ramezacandra zarmA, esa. padmanAbhana, rAmabhUSaNa prasAdasiMha Adi vidvAnoM ne jainoM meM pracalita mUrtipUjA ke sambandha meM jo abhimata vyakta kie haiM, usI prakAra mahAn dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha ne bhI "SaDjIva nikAyoM meM se kisI bhI jIva nikAya ke prANiyoM kI kisI bhI For Privat(20)ersonal Use Only Page #39 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ svArtha-paramArtha paraka prayojana se, yahAM taka ki mukti prApti ke lie bhI yadi hiMsA kI jAya to vaha hiMsA, hiMsA karane, karAne aura usa hiMsA kA anumodana karane vAle ke lie ghora ahita kA, mahAanartha kA aura anantakAla taka bhavabhramaNa karAne vAlI abodhi kA kAraNa hotI hai" - isa prakAra ke mUla AgamoM ke AdhAra para evaM mahAnizItha ke uparyuddhRta ullekhoM ke AdhAra para mandira-mUrti-nirmANa Adi ke mAdhyama se hone vAlI dravyArcanA-dravyapUjA ko azreyaskarI aura bhAvArcanA-bhAvapUjA ko parama zreyaskarI btaayaa| devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke paravartikAla se lekara lokAzAha dvArA kiye gaye dharmakrAnti ke sUtrapAta ke samaya taka jaina dharma ke svarUpa meM, zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra-vyavahAra meM kisa prakAra kI vikRtiyAM A gaI thIM, isa para prastuta grantha meM vistArapUrvaka taTastha bhAva se purAtAtvika, prAcIna aitihAsika sAmagrI ke AdhAra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| usa samaya zramaNa samUha ke cakSutulya mAne gaye AcArya kA zramaNAcAra kisa sthiti ko pahu~ca gayA thA, isa sambandha meM - J. B. R. A. S. Vol. 100 260 f. f. meM ullikhita soMdantI se prApta zilAlekha ke sArAMza ke rUpa meM prasiddha purAtatvavid itihAsajJa sva. zrI pI. vI. desAI dvArA likhita vivaraNa satyAnveSiyoM ke santoSa ke lie paryApta hogA : "Lastly, we may notice more inscription from Saundanti, which offers interesting details about the Jaina teachers. The epigraph is dated A.D. 1228...............The Jaina teacher was Munichandra, who is styled as the royal preceptor of Ratta House. Munichandra's activities were not confined to the sphere of religion alone. Besides being a spiritual guide and political adviser of the royal household, he appears to have taken a leading part not only in the administrative affairs, but also in connection with the military campaigns of the kingdom, he is stated to have expended the boundries of the Ratta territories and established their authority on a firm footing. Both Laxmideo II and his father Kart Veerya IV were indebted to this divine for his sound advice and political wisdom. Munichandra was well versed in sacred lore and proficient in military science. "Worthy of respect, most able among ministers, the establishers of Ratta kings, Munichandra surpassed all others in capacity for administration and in generosity." 9 Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs, by P. B. Desai, p. 114, 115 (Published byJain Sanskriti Samrakshak Sangh, Sholapur, 1957) (21) Page #40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yaha to thI lokAzAha se 223 varSa pUrva zramaNAcAra kI sthiti / lokAzAha ke samaya meM zramaNAcAra kI sthiti vastutaH mahAnizItha ke sAvadyAcArya ke prakaraNa meM varNita caityavAsI zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra vyavahAra kI sthiti jaisI hI thii| isa sambandha meM eka AzcaryakArI ullekha isI zatAbdI ke itihAsajJa jyotiSa vidyA vizeSajJa bahuzruta vidvAn sva. paM. zrI kalyANa vijayajI mahArAja sA. dvArA saMkalita sampAdita "paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha' nAmaka graMtha meM mudrita 'rAja vijaya sUrI gaccha kI paTTAvalI' meM milatA hai| vikrama kI 16 vIM zatAbdI meM zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNAcAra para prakAza DAlane vAlA vaha AzcaryakArI ullekha akSarazaH isa prakAra hai : "58 pATa para zrI Ananda vimala sUri hue, eka samaya AbU para yAtrArtha gaye, sUrijI (ca) turmukha caitya meM darzana kara vimala vasahI ke darzanArtha gaye, gabhArA ke bAhara khar3e darzana kara rahe the, usa samaya arbudA devI zrAvikA ke rUpa meM AcArya ke dRSTigocara huI, AcArya zrI ne use pahacAna liyA aura kahA - devI ! tuma zAsana bhakta ke hote hue luMgA ke anuyAyI jina mandira aura jina-pratimAoM kA virodha karate hue, logoM ko jaina mArga se zraddhAhIna banA rahe haiM, tumhAre jaisoM ko to aise matoM ko mUla se ukhAr3a DAlanA caahiye| yaha sunakara devI bolI-pUjya ! maiM Apako sahatro (srau) Sadhi kA cUrNa detI huuN| vaha jisake sira para Apa DAleMge vaha ApakA zrAvaka bana jAyegA aura ApakI AjJAnusAra calegA, isake bAda arbudA devI AcAryazrI ko yogya bhalAmaNa dekara adRzya ho gaI, bAda meM AcArya vahAM se vihAra karate huye virala (visala) nagara pahu~ce, vahIM zrI vijayadAna sUri cAturmAsya rahe hue the, vahIM Akara Ananda vimala sUrijI ne devI praznAdika saba bAteM vijayadAna sUrijI ko sunAyI, jisase ve bhI isa kAma ke lie taiyAra hue, vahAM se Anandavimala sUri aura vijayadAna sUri ahamadAbAda ke pAsa gAMva bArejA meM rAjasUrijI ke pAsa Ae aura kahA - hama donoM luMkA mata kA prasAra rokane ke kAryArtha tatpara haiM, tuma bhI isa kAma ke liye taiyAra ho jAo, yaha kahakara zrI Ananda vimala sUri jI ne kahA-mere paTTadhara vijayadAna sUri haiM hI aura vijayadAna sUri ke uttarAdhikArI zrI rAjavijaya sUri ko niyata karake apana tInoM AcArya tapagaccha ke mArga kI maryAdA nizcita karake apane uddezya ke liye pravRtta ho jAeM, Anandavimala sUrijI ne zrI rAjavijaya sUri ko kahA-tuma vidvAn ho isaliye hama tumhAre pAsa Aye haiM, lukAmati jina zAsana kA lopa kara rahe haiM, merA AyuSya to aba parimita hai, parantu tuma donoM yogya ho, vidvAn ho aura parigraha sambandhI moha choDakara vahI vaTa kI (22) Page #41 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaTiyA~ jala meM ghola dI haiM, savA mana sone kI mUrti andhakUpa meM DAla dI, savA pAva sera motiyoM kA cUrA karavA ke pheMka diyA hai, dUsarA bhI sabhI prakAra kA parigraha chor3a diyA hai| zrI rAjavijaya sUri ne saM. 1582 meM kriyoddhAra karane vAle laghuzAlika AcArya zrI Ananda vimala sUri ke pAsa yogodvahana karake zrI rAjavijaya sUri nAma rakhA, bAda meM tInoM AcAryoM ne apane-apane parivAra ke sAtha bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM vihAra kiyaa| .. . 1 kisa dharAtala taka pahu~ca gayA thA zramaNa varga aura usakA zramaNAcAra ? jina zAsana kI isa prakAra kI dayanIya dazA se dukhita ho lokAzAha ko dharmakrAnti kA zaMkhanAda pUranA pdd'aa| zramaNavarga aura zramaNAcAra kI isa prakAra kI azAstrIya duHkhada sthiti loMkAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI dharmakrAnti ke 74 varSa pazcAt taka kI hai loMkAzAha ke samaya meM to anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isase bhI kahIM adhika dayanIya dazA rahI hogii| zrI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI-sUtra kI gAthA saMkhyA 18 kI vyAkhyA meM likhA hai - "Ananda vimala sUri ke samaya meM sAdhuoM meM zithilatA adhika bar3ha gaI thI, udhara pratimA virodhI tathA sAdhu virodhI luMpaka tathA kaTuka mata ke anuyAyiyoM kA pracAra pratidina bar3ha rahA thaa| isa paristhiti ko dekhakara Ananda vimala sUri jI ne apane paTTaguru AcArya kI AjJA se zithilAcAra kA parityAga rUpa kriyoddhAra kiyaa| Apake isa kriyoddhAra meM katipaya saMvigna sAdhuoM ne sAtha diyA, yaha kriyAddhora Apane 1582 ke varSa meM kiyaa| ApakI isa tyAgavRtti se prabhAvita hokara aneka gRhasthoM ne " luMkAmata' tathA "kaDuAmata" kA tyAga kiyA aura kaI kuTumba dhanAdi kA moha chor3akara dIkSita bhI huye| .... kriyoddhAra karane ke bAda zrI Ananda vimala sUri jI ne 14 varSa taka kama se kama SaSThatapa karane kA abhigraha rkhaa| Apane upavAsa tathA chaTTha se 20 sthAnaka tapa kA ArAdhana kiyA, isake atirikta, aneka vikRSTa tapa karake anta meM (vi. saM.) 1596 meM caitra sudi meM AlocanApUrvaka anazana karake nava upavAsa ke anta meM ahamadAbAda nagara meM svargavAsI hue|2 1 paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, lekhaka aura sampAdaka paM. kalyANa vijaya gaNi, prakAzaka zrI ka. vi. zAstra saMgraha samiti ke vyavasthApaka zA. munilAlajI thAnamalajI - zrI jAlora (rAjasthAna) vi. saM. 2023 / pRSTha 188-189 2 vahI pRSTha 153-154 (23) Page #42 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yaha saba pratyakSataH evaM parokSataH usa zAnta - zItala dharma - krAnti kA hI pratApa thA, jisakA sUtrapAta dharmoddhAraka dharmavIra loMkAzAha ne vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka meM kiyA / amAvasyA kI ghora andhakArapUrNa kAla rAtri meM patha bhUlA huA pathika jisa prakAra prAtaH prabhAkara ke prakAza meM sahI mArga para ArUr3ha ho apane lakSya sthala nijagRha meM A jAtA hai| ThIka usI prakAra mahAnizIthoddhAra ke rUpa meM yAkinI mahattarA sUnu AcArya haribhadra sUri dvArA, tadanantara samaya-samaya para aneka bhavabhIrU evaM dharma saMgha ke cakSubhUta AcAryoM dvArA iMgita aura antatogatvA dharmavIra lokAzAha dvArA prabala vega se pradIpta kI gaI - saddharma kI jyoti ke prakAza meM lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa se dhUmila rahe satpatha ko, jina dharma ke sacce mUla svarUpa ko, aura sacce zramaNAcAra ko bhavyAtmAoM ne pahicAnA, samajhA aura svIkAra kiyaa| gujarAta, gor3avAr3a, mAravAr3a, mevAr3a, DhUMDhAr3a, hADotI, matsya, mAlavA, uttarapradeza ke aneka kSetroM meM lokAzAha dvArA pradIpta kI gaI saddharma kI mazAla kA prakAza AzcaryakArI vega se phailane lgaa| jaina saMgha meM usa dharma krAnti ke pratApa se navajIvana kA saMcAra huaa| lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa se pragAr3ha nidrA meM soye hue aneka gacchoM ne karavaTa bdlii| gacchAdhipati sUrIzvara Ananda vimala sUri svayaM ke kathanA nusAra savAmaNa sone savA sera motiyoM, vahI - vaTa kI bahiyoM (deza ke kisI bhI bhAga meM basane vAle apane zrAvakoM ke parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM ke nAma, unake dvArA samaya-samaya para guru caraNoM meM kI jAne vAlI rajata athavA svarNamudrAoM kI bheMTa ke lekhe-jokhe kI bahiyAM Account Books) aura anya sabhI prakAra ke parigraha kA parityAga aura kriyoddhAra kara ghora tapazcaraNa, apratihata vihAra, bhavya pratibodhana, mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA, mandiroM ke navanirmANa Adi ke rUpa meM abhinava utsAha ke sAtha sva-para-kalyANa evaM jina zAsana kI prabhAvanA ke kArya kSetra meM agrasara hue| eka hajAra varSa kI nidrA tandrA lokAzAha dvArA udghoSita dundubhighoSa se hI to bhaMga huII-yaha tathya to zrI Ananda vimala sUri ke kathana se aura loMkAzAha ke Alocaka AcAryoM zramaNoM Adi dvArA racita choTI bar3I aneka kRtiyoM se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai| lokAzAha dvArA kI gaI dharma krAnti se preraNA lekara zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke vibhinna gacchoM ke AcAryoM, zramaNa-zramaNi samUhoM ne dharma saMgha meM eka sahasrAbdi se ghara kiye hue zithilAcAra ke viruddha eka vyApaka abhiyAna prArambha kiyA, isa artha meM to cAhe koI mAne athavA na mAne pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI lokAzAha ke prati kRtajJatA - AbhAra Adi ke AdhyAtmika bhAra se bhArAkrAnta hai / For Private Personal Use Only (24) Page #43 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ uparilikhita sabhI tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM pUrvAbhiniveza-vimukta prazAnta mana se vicAra karane para niSpakSa vijJa vicAraka ko suspaSTa rUpa se isa tathya kI anubhUti hogI ki isa dharmakrAnti kA zreya hamane-Apane-sabhI ne loMkAzAha ke sira para rakha diyA, anyathA unhoMne koI naI bAta nahIM khii| loMkAzAha ne to kevala una tathyoM kI ora jaina-jana-jana kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA jo AcArAMga Adi AgamoM, mahAnizItha Adi Agamika granthoM, darzanasAra, paTTAvaliyoM, saMghAdeza Adi meM pUrvAcAryoM ke tathya pratipAdaka kathanoM ke rUpa meM bahuta pahale se hI vidyamAna the| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaisA ki pahale mUla sUtra pATha ke ullekha ke sAtha batAyA jA cukA hai, AcArAMga meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki - vaha koI bhI kArya cAhe kisI bhI uddezya se kiyA jAe, yahAM taka ki mokSa prApti ke liye bhI kiyA jAya, usameM yadi SaD jIva nikAya meM se kisI bhI jIva nikAya ke prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai to vaha kArya abodhi kA janaka aura ananta kAla taka ananta duHkhoM se otaprota saMsAra meM bhaTakAne vAlA hogaa| yahI tathya mahAnizItha meM marakata chavi kamalaprabha (jinakA mahAnizItha ke zabdoM meM-caityavAsiyoM ne sAvadhAcArya nAma rakha diyA) aura bhAvArcanA ko sarvazreSTha siddha karane vAle prakaraNoM meM - prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| isI tathya ko to lokAzAha ne bhI dundubhi ghoSa-sannibha ghoSa meM prakaTa kiyaa| lokAzAha ne naI bAta kauna sI rakhI ? isI prakAra aNahillapura pattana kI solaMkIrAja durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha meM varddhamAna sUri kI vidyamAnatA meM unake ziSya jinezvara sUri ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA thA ki ve gaNadharoM dvArA grathita evaM caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA nirmUr3ha AgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnate haiN| yahI bAta loMkAzAha ne khii| loMkAzAha ke kisI bhI kathana meM aisI navInatA kahA~ hai jo AgamoM meM tIrthaMkara prabhu mahAvIra dvArA athavA Agamika tathA Agametara granthoM meM pUrvAcAryoM dvArA Agama-sammata na kahI gaI ho| isa prakAra kI spaSTa tathyapUrNa sthiti ke hote hue bhI yadi koI tila kA tAr3a aura bulabule kA bavAla banAne para hI kaTibaddha ho to usako dUra se hI namaskAra kara lene ke atirikta anya koI karaNIya avaziSTa nahIM raha jaataa| prastuta grantha meM-AgamoM, prAcIna tAr3apatroM-tAmrapatroM, granthoM, purAtAtvika abhilekhoM-avazeSoM, yazasvI itihAsavidoM evaM vidvAn AcAryoM dvArA deza ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM samaya-samaya para prakaTa kiye gaye jina tathyoM ke AdhAra para jaina dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa, (25) Page #44 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina dharma kI AdhyAtmika ArAdhanA-upAsanA viSayaka mUla mAnyatAoM para prakAza DAlate hue antima pUrvadhara vAcanAcArya Arya devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI itihAsa ko andhakAra se prakAza meM lAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, una tathyoM meM se udAharaNArtha katipaya mahatvapUrNa tathya saMkSepa meM Upara batAye gaye haiN| pUrvAgrahoM se pUrNataH vinirmukta ho kSIra-nIra vivekapUrNa jijJAsu evaM tathyAnceSaka dRSTi se yadi vijJa pAThakavRnda prastuta grantha ko atha se iti taka par3heMge to hamArA vizvAsa hai ki Aja taka jisa avadhi ke itihAsa ko timirAcchanna samajhA jAtA thA, vaha alaukika AbhApuMja ke rUpa meM unheM pratIta hogaa| vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika caraNa se lagabhaga 21vIM zatAbdI taka jaina saMgha para chAI rahI caityavAsI Adi aneka dravya-paramparAoM ke varcasva ke pariNAmasvarUpa una dravya paramparAoM dvArA rUr3ha kara dI gaI bAhyADambarapUrNa mAnyatAoM ke kuhare meM jainadharma kA jo mUla vizuddha svarUpa dhUmila ho cukA thA, use dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha Adi ne jisa taraha ujAgara kiyA, usakA vivaraNa pUrNimA ke pUrNacandra kI bhAMti jaina jagata ke jana-jana ke antarmana ko Alokita kara degaa|) 1/(jinake mana pUrvAgrahoM se parAbhUta haiM, ve bhI ina saba tathyoM ke adhyayana-cintana-manana ke anantara antarmana meM itanA to avazya anubhava kareMge ki vastutaH mUlAgamoM, se sayauktika Thosa AdhAroM para likhA gayA yaha itihAsa sabhI prakAra kI prAntiyoM ko dhvasta kara dene vAlA siddha hogA) kevala tathya ko prakAza meM lAne ke uddezya se hI eka avadhi ke timirAcchanna jaina itihAsa ko andhere se ujAle meM lAne kA yaha prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha prayAsa jinavANI ke mAdhyama se jinavANI ko hI prakAza meM lAne kA prayAsa mAtra hai| ina Agamika evaM purAtana prAmANika tathyoM ko koI mAne athavA na mAne-isameM hamArA kisI se koI Agraha nhiiN| saMsAra ke sabhI prANI prakAza se prasanna hoM, yaha na to kabhI huA hai aura na bhaviSya meM kabhI saMbhava hI hogaa| isa prayAsa meM hameM kitanI saphalatA milI hai, isakA mUlyAMkana to vijJa pAThaka evaM vidvAn itihAsajJa svayaM kara skeNge| anta meM hama sampAdaka maNDala sahita una sabhI granthakAroM ke prati Antarika AbhAra prakaTa karate haiM, jinake granthoM se hameM isa durUha kArya meM sahAyatA milI hai| (26) Page #45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ apane zaizavakAla (1970) se hI AcAryadeva ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA bhakti rakhane vAlI hamArI muMhabolI biTiyA rAjezvarI kuzavAhA 1978 se hI itihAsa sAmagrI ke Alekhana meM hameM yathAzakya sahayoga detI A rahI hai| prastuta grantha kI pANDulipi ke taiyAra karane meM bhI usane aura usake pati kuMvara rAmasiMha rAThor3a, bI. kAma. . ne hama donoM kI bar3I sahAyatA kii| hama sakhAdvaya isa yugala jor3I kI sukha-samRddhipUrNa zatAyu kI kAmanA karate haiN| gajasiMha rAThor3a nyA. vyA. tIrtha siddhAnta vizArada premarAja jaina nyAya-siddhAnta vizArada vyAkaraNa tIrtha (27) Page #46 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (preraka evaM mArga darzaka : pUjya AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja) ke sambandha meM prathama saMskaraNa meM prakAzita do zabda mAnanIya padma vibhUSaNa DaoN. daulata siMha koThArI cAMsalara, javAhara lAla neharU vizvavidyAlaya, naI dillI yugAdi se adyAvadhi paryanta ke jaina itihAsa para zodhapUrNa prakAza DAlane vAlA yaha atyanta mahatvapUrNa kArya eka aise khyAti prApta mahAn zramaNa zreSTha jainAcArya ke mArgadarzana meM sampanna kiyA jA rahA hai, jinakA jIvana vigata 63 varSa jaisI sudIrghAvadhi se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paMca mahAvratAtmaka mahAn siddhAnta ahiMsA-saMtya- asteya-brahmacarya tathA aparigraha prati evaM na kevala mAnavatA ke kalyANa ke prati apitu nikhila vizva ke sakala carAcara prANivarga ke kalyANa ke prati bhI pUrNataH samarpita hai, evaM jisameM ve aharniza pratipala pratikSaNa nirata haiN| isa gurutara kArya ko pAMca vRhadAkAra bhAgoM meM niSpAdita kiye jAne kA saMkalpa hai| saMkalpAdhIna una pAMca bhAgoM meM se prathama aura dvitIya ye do bhAga prakAzita ho cuke haiN| tIsarA bhAga yaha prastuta grantha bhI prakAzana prakriyA kI pUrNAhuti ke sAtha hI dharma saMgha ke kara-kamaloM meM samarpita hone jA rahA hai| isa granthamAlA ke caturtha aura paMcama ye zeSa do bhAga nirmANAdhIna haiN| isa itihAsa granthamAlA ke prathama bhAga meM, yugAdi meM, purAtana prAgaitihAsika kAla meM hue mAnava saMskRti ke sUtradhAra prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samaya se lekara caubIsaveM (antima) tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa samaya taka ke jaina dharma ke itihAsa ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya bhAga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama ziSya gautama, prathama paTTadhara evaM pracalita jainAcArya paramparA ke prathama AcArya Arya sudharmA se lekara 27veM paTTadhara AcArya devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya taka nirvANottara 1000 varSa kA jaina dharma kA itihAsa nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| prastuta tRtIya bhAga meM vIra nirvANa saM. 1001 se 1475 taka arthAt svanAma dhanya hemacandrAcArya se 161 varSa pUrva taka jaina itihAsa kA For Privar (28)ersonal Use Only Page #47 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Alekhana kiyA gayA hai| nimArNAdhIna caturtha bhAga meM vIra nirvANa saM. 1475 se loMkAzAha taka arthAt vIra nirvANa saM. 1978-2001 taka kA aura isa grantha mAlA ke antima pA~caveM bhAga meM lokAzAha se prArambha kara vartamAna kAla se thor3A Age taka arthAt vIra nirvANa saM. 2001 se anumAnataH vIra nirvANa saM. 2515 taka kA itihAsa nibaddha kiyA jaayegaa| isa gurutara kArya ke niSpAdana ke sAtha vividha AyAmoM meM sudIrghakAlIna athaka zrama evam dRDha saMkalpoM kI lambI zrRMkhalA jur3I huI hai| vizAla bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM ke granthAgAroM, saMgrahAlayoM, vistIrNa kSetroM meM vikIrNa jJAta-ajJAta granthoM, patroM, abhilekhoM evaM aitihAsika sAmagrI ke purAtAtvika srotoM ko zodha dRSTi se khoja-khoja kara srotoM ke AdhAra para isa durUha kArya kA niSpAdana-saMpAdana Adhe se adhika kiyA jA cukA hai aura zeSa kiyA jA rahA hai| isa granthamAlA ke Alekhana meM mahAn pUrvAcAryoM, vidvAn itihAsa lekhakoM ke granthoM kA, udAharaNasvarUpa AcArya hemacandra sUri ke triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra, AcArya prabhAcandra ke prabhAvaka caritra Adi kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa granthamAlA kI tathya pratipAdana zailI bar3I hI rocaka, sarasa, sarala, gahana-gambhIra vidvattA se paripUrNa aura bhAvAbhivyaMjanA ke sabhI guNoM se samaveta hai| apanI sarasa-sarala zailI ke kAraNa yaha granthamAlA bahujanahitAya bar3I upayogI siddha hogii| prastuta grantha meM jaina dharma ke utkarSa, apakarSa, punarutthAna ke sAtha-sAtha samaya-samaya para jainadharma kI mUla mAnyatAoM evaM AcAra meM kiye gaye aitihAsika dRSTi se aparihArya parivartanoM aura unameM utpanna huI vikRtiyoM kA kramika itihAsa nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| jaina dharma vastutaH mahatI mahanIyA pUrNa ahiMsA kI AdhAra zilA para avasthita mana-vacana-karma se (manasA-vAcA-karmaNA) ahiMsAmaya dharma hai| isI kAraNa mahilA varga ke dainandina dhArmika jIvana kA aura jainadharma ke utkarSa ke liye mahilAoM dvArA diye gaye yogadAna kA jaina itihAsa meM viziSTa-mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai (udAharaNArtha, dekhiye prastuta grantha, pRSTha saM. 201) / mahilAoM dvArA kiye gaye usa yogadAna meM aura samaSTi ke kalyANa kI bhAvanAoM se ota-prota unake dainandina jIvana meM eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa aura parama zreyaskara sajIva sandeza hai Aja ke sampUrNa vizva kI samagra mAnavatA ke lie, jo mahAn ullAsa bharI mahatI AzAeM lie bhAvI ahiMsApUrNa vijJAna ke yuga kI ora utkaTa utkaNThA ke sAtha agrasara hone jA rahI hai| - vartamAnakAlIna pralayaMkara pAramANavika zakti ke yuga meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa tathya (29) Page #48 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yaha hai ki hRdayadrAvI-paramotpIr3aka bhISaNa saMhArakArI saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM bhI koI eka na eka aise mahAn saMta, mahAn vibhUti athavA una mahAsatoM kI paramparA kA koI na koI aisA samartha uttarAdhikArI mahApuruSa AryadharA para avazya vidyamAna rahA hai, jisane bha. mahAvIra evaM bha. buddha dvArA udghoSita-Acarita evaM upadiSTa vizvabandhutva aura ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI kabhI na bujhane vAlI mahAn athavA mahattama divya amara jyoti ko jIvita-prajvalita evaM pradIpta rakhakara sarvanAza kI kagAra para khar3I mAnavatA ko ghora rasAtala meM jAne se ubArA hai| isa sandarbha meM mahAn itihAsakAra AranolDa toyanbI ke (zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa kI pustaka kI prastAvanA ke) nimnalikhita zabda sahasA mere smRti paTala para ubhara Ate haiM - "mAnava itihAsa ke sarvAdhika saMhArakArI isa ANavika yuga ke ghora saMkaTapUrNa kSaNoM meM mAnavatA ke lie sarvanAza se mukti pAne kA eka mAtra upAya vastutaH bhAratIya jIvana paddhati ko apanAnA hI hai| aNuzakti ke yuga meM samagra mAnava jAti ke pAsa bhAratIya jIvana padvati ko apanAne ke lie saha astitva kA lakSya vikalpa ke rUpa meM hai| para saha astitva kA yaha vikalpa apane Apa meM adhika zaktizAlI athavA adhika sammAnAspada nahIM ho sktaa| Aja mAnava jAti kA astitva saMkaTa meM hai| yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI sarvAdhika sazakta aura adhika sammAnAspada saha astitva kA lakSya bhAratIya jIvana paddhati ko mana vacana va karma se apanAne ke lie mAdhyama hone ke phalasvarUpa sahAyaka sAdhana ho sakatA hai| mUla sAdhana to yaha hai ki bhAratIya jIvana paddhati kI zikSA hI vAstavika saccI zikSA hai kyoMki bhAratIya jIvana paddhati kI zikSA kA udgama AdhyAtmika saccAI ke sacce sahI dRSTikoNa se huA hai| rASTra saMgha kA ghoSaNA-patra ina zabdoM se prArambha hotA hai - "kyoMki yuddhoM kA prAdurbhAva athavA prArambha sarvaprathama mAnava mastiSka meM hotA hai, isalie mAnava mastiSka meM yaha bAta bhI rahatI hai ki zAnti kI surakSA ke upAyoM kA bhI nirmANa karanA caahie| (yaha hameM dhammapada ke prArambhika padyoM kI smRti dilAtA hai|) sabase bar3A aura sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa prazna yaha hai -"yaha saba kucha kaise kiyA jAya ? isa lakSya ko prApta kaise kiyA jAya ?" yadyapi yaha prazna nikhila vizva se, samaSTi se sambandhita sarvAdhika Avazyaka jvalanta prazna hai ataH ise sarvopari prAthamikatA dI jAnI cAhiye thI tathApi isa dizA meM adyAvadhi atIva nagaNya prayAsa kiye gaye haiN| nita naye (30) Page #49 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vaijJAnika parIkSaNoM aura sAhasika abhiyAnoM ke vartamAna yuga meM mAnava samAja ko AtmasaMyama, AtmAnuzAsana evaM ahiMsA kI ora mor3a dene kI AtyantikI AvazyakatA ko dekhate hue Aja isa samasyA ke zIghra samAdhAna kA aura isake pracAra prasAra kA mahatva aura bhI adhika bar3ha gayA hai| AtmAnuzAsana aura ahiMsA ina donoM meM anyonyAzraya (anyonyAbhAva) sambandha hone ke kAraNa donoM kA eka sAtha honA anivAryarUpeNa paramAvazyaka hai| bhArata meM svarAjya saMgrAma kA zubhArambha karate huye gAMdhIjI ne ghoSaNA kI thI ki svarAjya kA artha hai-Atma saMyama-AtmAnuzAsana arthAt-apanI icchAoM ko, apane Apako apane vaza meM krnaa| zrImadbhagavatadgItA (11-61) meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai - vaze hi yasyendriyANi tasya prajJA pratiSThitA / jisakI indriyAM-icchAeM athavA AkAMkSAeM usake svayaM ke vaza meM haiM, kevala vahI eka AtmasaMyamI vyakti apane mana evaM mastiSka meM satya ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai aura usI satya ke anurUpa AcaraNa kara sakatA hai AinsTIna bhI yahI kahate haiM - "mAnava kA saccA prAthamika mUlyAMkana usake una mAnobhAvoM ke anupAta ke mApadaNDa se hI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usane svayaM apane Apa se, apanI icchAoM se kisa anupAta meM mukti prApta kara lI hai| bha. mahAvIra kA saMdeza isa prakAra hai (uttarAdhyayana 1/15, samaNasuttaM 147) : appA ceva dameyavyo, appA hu khalu duddamo / appA-danto suhI hoi, assi loe parattha ya || evaM khu nANiNo sAraM, jaM na hiMsai kaMcaNaM / ahiMsA saMyama ceva, etAvaM te viyANiyA // vyakti ke sacce jJAna kA mahatva isI bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki usane Atmadamana kara manasA, vAcA evaM karmaNA hiMsA se nivRtti prApta karalI hai| ahiMsA vastutaH buddhi kI pavitratA aura mastiSka kI mahAnatA kI AdhAra zilA hai| vinobAjI kahate haiM - "maiM kabUla karatA hUM ki mujha para gItA kA gaharA asara hai| usa gItA ko chor3akara mahAvIra se bar3hakara kisI kA asara mere citta para nahIM hai / ....... gItA ke bAda kahA, lekina jaba dekhatA hUM to mujhe donoM meM pharaka hI nahIM dIkhatA hai|' vinobA bhAve ko gItA aura bha. mahAvIra kI zikSAoM meM koI antara pratIta nahIM huaa| (31) Page #50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jina zaktiyoM ne mAnava itihAsa ke sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, Arthika, rAjanaitika athavA kisI bhI kSetra ko prabhAvita kara unheM sundara svarUpa dene meM yogadAna diyA hai, una saba zaktiyoM meM dharma ne saMbhavataH sarvAdhika sarvavyApI prabhAvazAlI yogadAna diyA hai| dharmoM meM bhI ahiMsA dharma vastutaH mAnava kA sarvotkRSTa sarvAdhika sazakta AviSkAra hai / ina saba tathyoM ke saMdarbha meM vicAra karane para Aja kI jvalanta samasyA ko hala karane meM sahaastitva evaM sAmAjika-sAMskRtika samAnatA ke kSetra meM ruci rakhane vAloM ke liye dharma kA aura dharma meM bhI viziSTa rUpa se ahiMsA dharma kA mahatva sarvAdhika sarvopari siddha hotA hai| / AcArya zrI ke athAha cintana-manana, athak parizrama aura anamola mArga darzana ne " "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa" nAmaka granthamAlA ke rUpa meM jo preraNAdAyI bahumUlya dena jainadharma aura jaina itihAsa ko pradAna kI hai, usake lie hama parama pUjya AcArya zrI hastImalajI ma.sA. ke prati mana ke antastala se agAdha kRtajJatA prakaTa karate haiN| dRSTi meM hama AzA karate haiM ki isa itihAsa mAlA ke sabhI bhAgoM ke sArarUpa meM pRthakzaH eka grantha kA prakAzana bhI karavAyA jAyegA, jisase ki bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM itihAsa premI lAbhAnvita ho skeN| ina sabhI bhAgoM ke AMgla bhASA meM bhI saMskaraNa prakAzita karavAye jAyaM to deza-videza ke vibhinna bhASA-bhASI nivAsiyoM kI etadviSayaka bahuta bar3I AvazyakatA kI pUrti hogI 197 1 yaha DaoN. sAhaba ke mUla aMgrejI kA hindI rUpAntara hai| mUla aMgrejI pATha prastuta grantha ke 'pariziSTa' meM dekheM / DA. daulata siMha koThArI (32) Page #51 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zrI devendra muni 'zAstrI' ke udgAra eka avalokana | atIta kAla se hI mAnava ke antarmAnasa meM ye prazna udbhUta hote rahe haiM ki maiM kauna hUM ? kahA se AyA hUM? merA svarUpa kyA hai ? aura maiM yahAM se kahAM jAUMgA ? jisa prakAra vaha svayaM ke sambandha meM jAnanA cAhatA hai, usI prakAra usake antarmAnasa meM parivAra, samAja, sAhitya aura saMskRti prabhRti viSayoM ke sambandha meM bhI jAnane kI utkaTa jijJAsA rahatI hai| yaha jijJAsA vRtti hI jJAna, vijJAna, itihAsa aura paramparA kI anveSaNa ke mUla meM rahI huI hai| hamArA svarNima atIta kisa prakAra vyatIta huA hai, yaha pratyeka jijJAsu jAnanA cAhatA hai| para pratyeka vyakti meM jAnane kI lalaka hone para bhI pratibhA kI tejasvitA ke abhAva meM vaha jAna nahIM paataa| kucha viziSTa medhAvI vyakti, apanI gaurava garimApUrNa pratibhA se una aprakaTa rahasyoM kI paratoM ko samudghATita kara, vizRMkhalita zRMkhalAoM ko isa prakAra samAyojita karate haiM ki prabuddha pAThaka aura sAmAnya jijJAsu bhI una guru gambhIra granthiyoM ko sahaja hI sulajhA letA hai| jaina dharma vizvakA mahAn vaijJAnika dharma hai| darzana hai| yaha AtmA ke parama aura carama vikAsa meM AsthA rakhane vAlA dharma hai, jo sAdhya aura sAdhanA, donoM kI pAvana pavitratA meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai| isameM AcAra aura vicAra kI samAna zuddhi para bala diyA gayA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina dharma vizva kA prAcInatama dharma hai| ise manuSya loka kI apekSA anAdi aura ananta kahA jAya to bhI atyukti nahIM hogI / yiha dharma eka svatantra dharma hai| yaha na vaidika dharma kI zAkhA hai aura na bauddha dharma kii| purAtatva, bhASA, vijJAna, sAhitya aura nRtatva vijJAna Adi se yaha spaSTa ho gayA hai ki vaidika kAla se bhI pUrva bhArata meM eka bahuta hI samRddha saMskRti thI, jo samaya-samaya para vibhinna nAmoM se jAnI pahicAnI jAtI rahI, aura vahI saMskRti Aja jaina saMskRti ke nAma se loka vizruta haiN| isa saMskRti ke puraskartA vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla meM prathama tIrthaMkara hue haiM bhagavAna RSabhadeva, vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI jinakI guNa garimA kA bakhAna kiyA gayA hai| unake pazcAt ajitanAtha Adi 22 tIrthaMkara hue, jinameM kitane hI tIrthaMkara prAgaitihAsika yuga ke haiM to kitane hI aitihAsika yuga ke haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiM / [bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt aneka jyotirdhara AcAryoM kI pAvana paramparA clii| aitihAsika dRSTi se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt bAraha bAraha varSa ke bhayaMkara duSkAloM ke kAraNa zramaNoM kI AcAra saMhitA meM zaithilaya ne praveza kiyA / AcAra zaithilya ke kAraNa vicAroM meM bhI parivartana huA, jisake phalasvarUpa zramaNa paramparA zvetAmbara aura digambara ke rUpa meM vibhakta huii|) (33) Page #52 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ isake pazcAta ina do dhArAoM meM se bhI gaccha aura upagaccha ke rUpa meM aneka dhArAeM upadhArAeM prasphuTita ho giiN| isa prakAra jaina saMgha kI akhaMDatA meM bAdhA samupasthita huii| tathApi sadbhAgya se samaya-samaya para aisI viziSTa vibhUtiyAM AtI rahIM jisase saMgha meM AcAra aura vicAra kI dRSTi se pariSkAra hotA rhaa| una mahAn vibhUtiyoM kA utkRSTa AcAra aura vicAra bhUle bisare sAdhaka sAdhikAoM ke liye sambala ke rUpa meM upayogI rhaa| sAhitya kI anya vidhAoM kI apekSA itihAsa kA lekhana atyanta durUha kArya hai| usameM satya tathyoM kI anveSaNA ke sAtha hI lekhaka kI taTastha dRSTi apekSita hai| yadi lekhaka pUrvAgraha se grasta hai aura usameM taTastha dRSTi kA abhAva hai to vaha itihAsa lekhana meM saphala nahIM ho sktaa| mujhe parama AlhAda hai ki AcArya pravara zrI hastImalajI mahArAja eka taTastha vicAraka, niSpakSa ciMtaka aura AcAra paramparA ke eka sajaga praharI santa ratna haiN| unake jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa meM aura mana ke aNu-aNu meM AcAra ke prati gaharI niSThA hai aura vaha gaharI niSThA itihAsa ke lekhana kI kalA meM bhI yatra tatra sahaja rUpa se mukharita huI hai| pratyeka lekhaka kI apanI eka zailI hotI hai| viSaya ko prastuta karane kA apanA tarIkA hotA hai| pratyeka pAThaka kA lekhaka ke vicAra se sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM tathApi yaha sAdhikAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya pravara ke tatvAvadhAna meM bahuta hI dIrghadarzitA se itihAsa kA lekhana kiyA gayA hai| unakI pAradarzI sUkSma pratibhA ke saMdarzana grantha ke pratyeka adhyAya meM kiye jA sakate haiN| "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa" nAmaka do virATakAya grantha AcArya zrI pUrva meM de cuke| jina granthoM kI mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA kI hai aura unheM AcAryazrI kI apUrva dena ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| usI lar3I kI kar3I meM yaha tIsarA bhAga bhI A rahA hai| pUrva ke do bhAgoM kI apekSA isa bhAga ke lekhana meM lekhaka ko adhika zrama karanA par3A hai| itihAsa kA yaha aisA adhyAya hai jo tamasAcchanna thaa| aneka aisI visaMgatiyA thI, jinheM sulajhAnA sAmAnya lekhaka kI zakti se pare thA / para lekhaka ne apane gambhIra adhyayana, gahana anubhava evaM AcAryazrI ke atyuttama mArga-darzana ke AdhAra para isa adhyAya ko aisA Alokita kiyA hai ki pAThaka par3hate-par3hate Ananda se jhUmane lagatA hai| lekhaka ne isa bAta para atyadhika bala diyA hai ki zramaNa saMskRti kI gaurava garimA AcAraniSThA meM hI sannihita hai| jaba sAdhaka kA AcAra zaithilya kI ora kadama bar3hA taba usakA patana huaa| jaina dharma ke hrAsa kA mUla kAraNa AcAra kI zithilatA hai aura vikAsa kA kAraNa AcAra kI pavitratA hai| zithilAcAra ke virodha meM unakI lekhanI drutatama gati se calI hai para sAtha hI yaha bhI satya siddha hai ki satya tattha ko prakaTa karanA hI lekhaka kA pramukha uddezya aura carama lakSya rahA hai, na ki kisI bhI prakAra se kisI kI bhAvanA ko coTa pahuMcAnA / na hI kisI bhI paramparA kA virodha karanA yA usakA khaMDana karanA unakA lakSya rahA hai| (34) Page #53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samaya-samaya para jaina zAsana meM, jaina paramparA meM aura jaina saMgha meM jo jo aura jisa jisa bhAMti kI vikRtiyAM AIM una para pUrNa rUpa se pUrI zakti ke sAtha prakAza phaiMkanA hI unakA parama lakSya rahA hai aura itihAsa kA aura usake lekhana kA yahI sahI uddezya hai| apane isa uddezya meM lekhaka zata-pratizata kharA utarA hai| yahI mahatvapUrNa hai| isI ko mahatvapUrNa samajhakara jaina jagata ke mAne hue manISi paM. becaradAsajI ne bhI "jaina sAhitya mA vikAra thavA thI thayelI hAni" nAmaka mahattvapUrNa grantha kI racanA kara isa para viSad prakAza DAlA hai| grantha kI bhASA pravAhapUrNa hai| zailI cittAkarSaka hai aura mudraNa bhI nirdoSa hai| AzA hai pUrva ke do bhAgoM kI taraha yaha tRtIya bhAga bhI jana-jana ke mana ko bhAegA evaM unheM itihAsa kA nayA Aloka pradAna kregaa| sarasvatI ke amUlya bhaMDAra meM AcAryazrI kI evaM unake apUrva mArgadarzana meM isake pramukha lekhaka evaM sampAdaka zrIgajasiMhajI kI yaha anamola bheMTa cira-smaraNIya rhegii| devendra muni zAstrI madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha dinAka 28.10.1983 (35) Page #54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #55 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa (tRtIya bhAga) sAmAnya zrutadhara khaNDa (1) paramparApAjAvAjAma hdgAsaNa avvarasA ATM nANassA 4. jaina Nhnia itihAsa samiti Page #56 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Namo arihaMtANaM Namo siddhANaM Namo pAyariyANaM Namo uvajjhAyANaM Namo loe savva sAhUNaM eso paMca NamokkAro, savva pAvappaNAsaNo / maMgalANaM ca savvesi, paDhamaM havai maMgalaM // Page #58 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #59 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ siMhAvalokana agAdha karuNAsindhu zAsananAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana kA hI prabhAva hai ki itihAsa-lekhana jaisA yaha ati durUha kArya bhI, aneka navIna upalabdhiyoM ke sAtha, Adhe ke lagabhaga sampanna ho cukA hai| prastuta itihAsa ke prathama bhAga (tIrthaGkara khaNDa) meM kulakara kAla se prArambha kara pravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla meM karmayuga ke 'prAdya pravartaka, dharmatIrtha ke AdikartA, prathama rAjA, prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva se caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa taka kA aura dvitIya bhAga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAta unake prathama paTTadhara prArya sudharmA se sattAvIsaveM paTTadhara evaM antima pUrvadhara AcArya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa paryanta, vIra ni0 saM0 1 se vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka kA jaina dharma kA sAMgopAMga vizada itihAsa jaina jagat evaM itihAsavidoM ke samakSa prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai| isa itihAsa-mAlA ke prAlekhana ke prArambha se hI mukhya rUpa se isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki dhArmika itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha samasAmayika rAjanatika evaM sAmAjika itihAsa para bhI yathAzakya prakAza DAlA jAya / tevIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke kAla se devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa kAla taka ke dhArmika itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha pramukha rAjanaitika ghaTanAoM kA jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha IsA se pUrva 700 se I0 san 473 taka kI bhArata ke kula milA kara paune bAraha sau varSoM ke saMkSipta kintu kramabaddha rAjanaitika itihAsa kI eka prAmANika jhalaka de rahA hai, vaha etadviSayaka gahana adhyayana, cintana, manana aura gaveSaNA kA pratiphala hai| aba isa tRtIya bhAga meM vIra ni0 saM0 1001 se 1475 taka kA jaina dharma kA itihAsa tatkAlIna pramukha rAjanaitika evaM sAmAjika ghaTanAoM ke saMkSipta vivaraNa ke sAtha prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / dharma evaM itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAlA sAmAnya se sAmAnya pAThaka bhI jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI prArambha se lekara anta taka kI pramukha, aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ko sahaja hI apane smRtipaTala para aMkita kara sake, isa uddezya se sampUrNa itihAsa kAla ko 6 vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / prathama bhAga meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva se bhagavAna mahAvIra taka ke kAla ko 'tIrthakara kAla' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| dvitIya bhAga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvitIya paTTadhara Arya jambU ke nirvANa taka ke kAla ko "kevalikAla'' kI, Arya prabhava sa prAcIna gotrIya bhadrabAhu taka Page #60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 ke kAla ko "zrutakevalikAla" kI, Arya sthUlibhadra se Arya vana taka ke kAla ko "daza pUrvadharakAla" kI evaM Arya rakSita se,antima eka pUrvadhara prArya devaddhi gaNi kSamAzramaNa taka ke kAla ko "sAmAnya pUrvadharakAla' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| Arya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke uttaravartI kAla arthAta-vIra ni0 saM0 1000 se na kevala adyAvadhi apitu Age ke, isa bharata kSetra ke isa avasarpiNI kAla ke antima prAcArya Arya duHprasaha taka ke samagra kAla ko bhI "sAmAnya zratadhara kAla" kI saMjJA dI jA rahI hai| sampUrNa tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para Arya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa taka ke evaM unase uttaravartI kAla kA yahI chaH vibhAgoM meM vargIkaraNa saMgata pratIta hotA hai| ___"sAmAnya-zra tadhara-kAla" kI vIra ni0 saM0 1001 se adyAvadhi paryanta jo nipula aitihAsika sAmagrI upalabdha huI hai athavA jo upalabdha ho sakatI hai, usako dRSTi meM rakhate hue 1500 varSa kI isa sudIrgha avadhi ke sarvAMgapUrNa itihAsa kA Alekhana tRtIya bhAga, caturtha bhAga aura paMcama bhAga- ina tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta karanA sabhI dRSTiya se samucita samajhA gayA hai| tRtIya bhAga meM Arya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke kAla se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 47 veM paTTadhara AcArya kalazaprabha taka kA, caturtha bhAga meM loMkAzAha taka kA evaM paMcama bhAga meM loMkAzAha se uttaravartI kAla kA itihAsa prastuta karane kA hamArA saMkalpa hai| prastuta "jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa" nAmaka grantha ke dvitIya bhAga ke lekhana ke samaya vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 1000 taka ke aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama ko zRMkhalAbaddha avicchinna rUpa meM kAlakramAnusAra prastuta karane ke uddezya se sabhI aitihAsika tathyoM para gahana cintana-manana ke anantara "dussamAsamaNasaMghathayaM" aura usake sAtha saMlagna yugapradhAnAcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta kI samayasAriNI (janmakAla, gRhasthAvAsakAla, dIkSAkAla, yugapradhAnAcAryakAla aura pUrNa AyU ke lekhe-jokhe kI sAriNI) ko uparyukta 1000 varSa ke aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama ko pramakha rUpa se prastutIkaraNa kA mukhya AdhAra banAyA gayA thaa| isI sAriNI meM ullikhita kAlakrama aitihAsika tathyoM kI kasauTI para punaH punaH parakhane para bhI aba taka kiMcitmAtra bhI asatya evaM kalpita nahIM samajhA gayA hai / ____ "dussamA-samaraNasaMghathayaM" meM ullikhita prathamodaya ke 20 yugapradhAnAcAryoM evaM dvitIyodaya ke 23 meM se satyamitra taka ATha yugapradhAnAcAryoM tathA unake samaya meM hue sabhI vAcanAcAryoM aura gaNAcAryoM Adi kA itivRtta vistAra ke sAtha diyA jA cukA hai / tRtIya bhAga ke Alekhana ke lie Avazyaka aitihAsika sAmagrI saMkalita karate samaya "titthogAlI painnaya" nAmaka prAcIna grantha meM aisI aneka gAthAeM dekhane meM AIM, jinase "dussamAsamaNasaMdhathayaM" meM ullikhita chaH sAta mahatvapUrNa Page #61 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ siMhAvalokana ] aitihAsika tathyoM kI pUrNataH puSTi hotI hai / jaitAraNa (rAjasthAna) ke sthAnakavAsI jJAna bhaNDAra se bhI eka aisI paTTAvalI upalabdha huI hai, jisameM vIra ni0 saM0 1 se vIra ni0 saM0 2168 taka kI avicchinna prAcArya paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke janma, dIkSA, prAcAryakAla evaM svargArohaNa kAla ke lakhe-jokhe Adi aneka mananIya aitihAsika tathyoM ke sAtha spaSTa vivaraNa ullikhita hai| paTTAvalIkAra ne kina purAtana aAdhAroM para se una saba aitihAsika tathyoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai, yadi isakA bhI ullekha mila jAtA to bar3A pramoda hotaa| ina saba tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue prastuta tatIya bhAga ke Alekhana meM prArambha se hI aba taka sabhI paTAvaliyoM, zilAlekhoM, caritra-granthoM, aitihAsika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa anyAnya upalabdha granthoM kI prazastiyoM Adi ke sAtha-sAtha 'dussamA-samaNasaMgha-thayaM' sAvacUri, 'titthogAlI painnaya' aura jaitAraNa jJAna bhaNDAra se upalabdha paTTAvalI Adi kI pramukha rUpa meM sahAyatA lI gaI hai / prastuta tRtIya bhAga meM 'dussamAsamaNasaMghathayaM' ke dvitIyodaya ke zeSa 15 (pandraha) yugapradhAnoM ke samaya kA tathA usase kUcha uttaravartI kAla kA itihAsa vizad rUpa se prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / 'siri dussamAsamaraNasaMghathayaM' meM Arya satyamitra ke pazcAt hue yugapradhAnAcAryoM ke jo nAma ullikhita haiM ve isa prakAra haiM .-- siri saccamittaM hArilaM, jiNabhadaM vaMdimo umAsAI / pusamitta saMbhUI, mADharasaMbhUI dhammarisi // 14 / / jiTThaga phaggumitta, dhammaghosaM ca viNayamitta ca / siri solamittaM, revaimittaM, sUri sumiNamittaM hari mittaM / / 15 / / upAdhyAya zrI vinayavijayajI ne vi0 saM0 1708 ko apanI racanA 'lokaprakAza' ke 34veM sarga meM uparilikhita gAthAoM kA saMskRta rUpAntara isa prakAra diyA hai :-- satyamitro hArilazca, jinabhadro gaNIzvaraH / umAsvAti: puSyamitraH, saMbhUtiH sUrikujaraH / / 116 / / tathA mADharasaMbhUto, dharmazrI saMjJako guruH / jyeSThAMgaH phalgumitrazca, dharmaghoSA hvayo guruH / / 120 / / sUrivinayamitrAkhyaH zIlamitrazca revatiH / svapnamitro harimitro, dvitIyodaya sUrayaH // 121 / / arthAt "titthogAlIpainnaya' nAmaka aitihAsika mahatva ke prAcIna grantha meM jina zru tapAraga prAcAryoM ke avasAna ke sAtha hI zru ta-zAstra-vizeSa ke hrAsa kA Page #62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 4 ] jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3] kramika kAla diyA gayA hai, usameM puSyamitra, saMbhUti, mADhara saMbhUti, jyeSThAMga gaNi, phalgumitra aura sumiNa mitra-ina 6 yugapradhAnAcAryoM ke anantara vIra ni0 kI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke eka viziSTa zra tadhara AcArya vizAkha muni kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai :-- varisa sahassehiM ihaM dohiM, visAhe muriNammi vocchedo| vIra jiNa dhammatitthe, dohiM tinni sahassa niddiTTho / / 820 / / / arthAta vIra ni0 saM0 2000 meM vizAkha muni ke svargastha ho jAne para vIra ni0 saM0 2000 se 3000 ke bIca kI avadhi meM katipaya aMgoM kA jJAna lupta ho jaaygaa| titthogAlI painnaya kI uparilikhita gAthA Aja se lagabhaga 500 barSa pUrva ghaTita haI eka aisI ghaTanA ke viSaya meM saMketa karatI hai, jo zodhAthiyoM evaM itihAsa premiyoM ke liye nitAnta navIna, vicAraNIya evaM zodha kA viSaya hai| aAja taka zvetAmbara AmnAya kI vibhinna prAcArya paramparAgoM kI jitanI bhI paTTAvaliyAM prakAza meM AI haiM, unameM se kisI paTTAvalI meM vizAkha nAma ke prAcArya kA nAma kahIM para bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| vizAkhagaNi kI koI svatantra racanA bhI jaina vAMgamaya meM Aja kahI upalabdha nahIM hotii| hAM, nizItha kI katipaya hastalikhita pratiyoM meM nimnalikhita prazasti upalabdha hotI hai :-- dasaNa caritta jutto, gutto guttIsu pari saMjhaNahie / nAmeNa vimAgaNI, mahattaro NANamaMjusI / / tassa lihiyaM nissAhi, dhammadhurAdharaNa pavara pujjassa / / arthAt jo dharma rUpI mahAna ratha ko dhUrI ko dhAraNa karane meM parama pravINa sarvathA samartha athavA pUrNataH kuzala, jJAna darzana cAritra se maMyukta, tIna prakAra kI guptiyoM se gupta, jJAna maMjuSA arthAt jJAna ke akSaya bhaNDAra tathA mahattara kI upAdhi se vibhUpita haiM, una parama pUjya zrI vizAkhagaraNI nAmaka prAcArya kI nizrA meM isa nizItha sUtra ko likhA gayA hai / yadyapi prazastikAra ne vizAkhagaNi mahattara kI nizrA meM nizItha ke lekhana kA mamaya nahIM diyA hai tathApi pustaka lekhana, lipikartA dvArA Alekhana kI samApti para praNastilekhana Adi tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM 'titthogAlI painnaya' dvArA kiye gaye, vIra ni0 saM0 2000 meM vizAkha muni ke svargastha hone ke ullekha ke sambandha meM vicAra Page #63 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ siMhAvalokana ] [ 5 karane para yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 1918 se 1663 taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada para rahe prAcArya harimitra ke svargastha hone ke anantara saMbhavata: vizAkha gaNI nAmaka prAcArya vIra ni0 saM0 1963 se 2000 taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada para rahe hoM / itihAsa vid isa para adhika prakAza DAleM yahI upayukta hogaa| __ yadyapi vizAkhagaraNI ke vIra nirvANa kI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya hone ke sambandha meM aneka zaMkAeM utpanna hotI haiM tathApi isa viSaya meM adhikAdhika gaveSaNA se koI aitihAsika tathya prakAza meM A sake, isI zubhecchA evaM sadAzA se prastuta grantha meM vizAkhagaNI kA nAma harimitra ke pazcAt 44 veM krama para rakhA gayA hai isa sambandha meM yathAsthAna yathAzakya pUrA prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jAyagA / yaha tathya to prAyaH sarvavidita hai ki Adya tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabha deva dvArA pravartamAna avasapiNI kAla meM hamArI isa AryadharA para dharmatIrtha ke pravartana ke samaya se lekara antima pUrvadhara Arya devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone taka arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka kA jaina dharma kA itihAsa Arya mahAgiri evaM suhasti ke samaya ke sAdhAraNa eka do apavAdoM ko chor3a kara vastuta: vizuddha evaM mUla dharma paramparA kA itihAsa rahA / vIra ni.saM. 606 aura usake AsapAsa yadyapi jaina dharma kI mUla vizuddha paramparA meM digambara saMgha, yApanIya saMgha, niyatanivAsI caityavAsI saMgha aura AMzika rUpa se bhaTTAraka paramparA jaisI choTI-choTI pRthak ikAiyoM ke prAdurbhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM jaina saMgha choTe bar3e pAMca vargoM meM vibhakta ho gayA para yaha saba kucha ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI vIra nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka mukhya rUpa se mUla vizuddha dharmaparamparA kA hI varcasva rahA aura jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM yugAdi se paramparAgata vizuddha mUla paramparA hI bahujanamAnya evaM bahajanasammata rhii| mathurA ke 'kaMkAlI TIle' kI khudAI se upalabdha aitihAsika mahatva kI sAmagrI se bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki vIra nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla vizuddha paramparA kA hI mukhyataH uttara bhArata meM to pUrNa varcasva rhaa|' isI kAraNa jainadharma kA itihAsa bhI vIra nirvANa kI dazavIM zatAbdI taka eka mahAnadI ke pravAha ke rUpa meM apanI pAramparika mahAnatA liye abAdha gati se calatA rhaa| usa samaya taka mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI meM jo aitihAsika mahatva kI, kaniSka ke kAla se lekara gupta kAla taka kI prAcIna purAtAtvika sAmagrI prakAza meM AyI hai, usameM ina yApanIya, kUcaka, digambara, caityavAsI Adi kAlAntara meM udbhUta huI ikAiyoM kA kahIM nAma taka nahIM hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki kaniSka saM0 5 (zaka saM0 5 vIra ni0 saM0610) ke lekha saM0 16 se lekara lekha saM0 62 paryanta (vIra ni0 saM0 960 taka ke lekhoM meM) ina sabhI kAlAntaravartI saMghoM athavA vibhinna ikAiyoM kA astitva taka uttara bhArata ke kendra mathurA meM nahIM thaa| ---sampAdaka Page #64 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3] yApanIya, caityavAsI, maThavAsI, karcaka Adi pathaka ikAiyoM kA astitva svalpatoyA kSetrIya nadoM athavA choTI nadiyoM ke rUpa meM adhika mahatva kA nahIM rhaa| isI kAraNa jaina itihAsa meM bhI usa samaya taka eka dUsare se bhinna ullekhanIya vibhinna ghaTanA cakroM kA prAyaH abhAva hI rahA / kintu devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI jainadharma, jainasaMgha aura usake itihAsa kI sthiti, usake aneka Tukar3oM meM vibhakta ho jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa isake pUrva itihAsa se nitAnta bhinna, bar3I hI durUha aura ulajhana bharI ho gaI / Arya mahAgiri ke svargArohaNa kAla, arthAt vIra ni0saM0 245 taka jaina itihAsa ekatA ke sUtra meM susaMgaThita evaM ekamAtra vizuddha prAcArya paramparA kA hI itihAsa rahA / vIra ni0saM0 245 se vIra ni0saM0 1000 taka arthAt pUrvadhara kAla taka jaina dharma kA itihAsa bahiraMga rUpa se vAcanAcArya paramparA, yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA aura gaNAcArya paramparA-ina tIna paramparAoM ke rUpa meM aMzata: vibhakta dRSTigocara hote hue bhI triveNI saMyama ke samAna paraspara mUlata: saMpRkta, anyonyAzrita aura siddhAntata: avibhakta rahane ke kAraNa eka ho vibhedavihIna mahAnadI ke rUpa meM pravAhita hotA rahA / isa avadhi meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke sUcArurUperaNa saMcAlana kI daSTi se vAcanAcArya, yugapradhAnAcArya aura gaNAcArya ye tIna prAcArya paramparAe mAnya kI gaI para ve tInoM hI prAcArya paramparAeM mUla AgamoM meM pratipAdita vizuddha AdhyAtmika patha para samanvayapUrvaka sAtha-sAtha calatI huI sva, para aura dharmasaMgha ke abhyudaya evaM utkarSa meM nirata rhiiN| isI kAraNa vIra ni0saM0 1000 taka jainadharma ke itihAsa kA ullekha zramasAdhya hote hae bhI ulajhanoM, anizcitatAoM aura samAdhAna na hone yogya samasyAoM se apekSAkRta mukta rhaa| isake viparIta vIra ni0saM0 1000 se uttaravartI kAla kA jainadharma kA itihAsa AgamaparipanthinI aneka prakAra kI mAnyatAoM vAle saMghoM, sampradAyoM, garaNoM aura gacchoM ke udbhava, prAbalya evaM pracAra-prasAra ke kAraNa ulajhanoM evaM asamAdheya samasyAoM se aotaprota rhaa| vibhedoM se paripUrNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargAroharaNa ke pazcAt kA jaina itihAsa aneka rUpoM meM vibhinna AvaraNoM tathA AyAmoM meM deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM agaNita vibhinnatAoM meM bikharA par3A hai, ataH isa avadhi ke jaina itihAsa kA Alekhana vastutaH atyanta jaTila hai| isa ati kaThina dussAdhya kArya meM kahAM taka saphalatA prApta hogI, yaha to bhaviSya hI btaayegaa| para isa dizA meM hamAre prayatna kitane saphala hue haiM, isakA nirNaya vidvAn itihAsavid hI kara skeNge| aroon Page #65 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa sa uttaravartI kAla ke itihAsa se sambandhita katipaya ajJAta tathya vIra nirvANa kI pahalI sahasrAbdi ke pazcAt kA jainadharma kA itihAsa likhane kA Aja taka jina-jina vidvAnoM ne prayAsa kiyA, lambe prayAsa ke pazcAt prAyaH una sabhI ne kevala yaha kahakara eka taraha se kArya kI gatividhi ko sthagita kara diyA :--"vIra nirvANa ke eka hajAra varSa pazcAt kA athavA antima puurvghr| Arya devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt kA pAMca sau sAta sau varSoM kA jainadharma kA itihAsa timirAcchanna hai, vismRti ke ghanAndhakAra meM vilIna ho cukA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki una pAMca sau sAta sau varSoM kI avadhi ke jaina itihAsa se sambandhita na to koI zRMkhalAbaddha tathya upalabdha hote haiM aura na vikIrNa tathya hii|" , isa tathya ko vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM hae prAcArya prabhAcandra ne prakaTa kiyA hai| prAcArya prabhAcandra ne dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA ki prAcArya hema. candra dvArA 'pariziSTa parva' nAmaka grantha meM ullikhita jaina itihAsa se Age kA itihAsa ve likheN| unhoMne apane isa saMkalpa kI siddhi ke liye varSoM taka athaka prayAsa kiyaa| unhoMne usa samaya upalabdha sampUrNa jaina vAMgmaya kA AloDana va manthana kiyA, aneka vayovRddha bahuzru ta AcAryoM tathA vidvAnoM se aitihAsika tathya prApta karane meM kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rakhI kintu ve apanI icchA ke anurUpa itihAsa likhane meM apane saMkalpa ke anusAra saphala nahIM ho sake / sabhI gaNoM athavA gacchoM kI to bAta hI dUra, ve kisI eka gaNa athavA gaccha kA bhI AdyopAnta kramabaddha itihAsa nahIM likha paaye| athaka prayAsa ke anantara katipaya gaNoM evaM gacchoM ke bhinna-bhinna samaya meM hue 21 prAcAryoM ke pUrvApara krama-vihIna jIvana-caritra bar3I kaThinAI se vIra nirvANa samvat 1334 meM apanI racanA 'prabhAvaka caritra' meM likhakara hI unhoMne santoSa kara liyA / una 21 prAcAryoM meM se katipaya to caityavAsI paramparA ke haiM / apanI isa asaphalatA ko unhoMne apane ukta grantha kI prazasti kI 'duSprApatvAdamIzAM vizakalitataryakatra citrAvadAtaM' isa paMkti meM spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| prabhAvaka caritra ke racanAkAra AcArya prabhAcandra ke uttaravartI kAla meM bhI jaina dharma kA sAMgopAMga itihAsa likhane ke prayatna samaya-samaya para aneka vidvAnoM Page #66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 8] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 dvArA kiye gaye / unhoMne kucha likhA, kintu vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1000 se vIra nirvANa samvat 1700 taka kA jaina dharma kA kramabaddha sarvAMgapUrNa itihAsa likhane meM adyAvadhi kisI bhI vidvAn ko saphalatA prApta nahIM huI / aisI sthiti meM prAya: sabhI jaina itihAsavidoM kI yaha sarvasammata dhAraNA bana gaI ki isa avadhi kA jaina itihAsa se sambandhita ghaTanA cakra vismRti ke gahana garta meM tirohita ho cukane ke pariNAmasvarUpa vIra nirmANa samvat 1001 se lagabhaga 1700 taka kI bIca kI avadhi kA jaina itihAsa vastutaH vilIna hI ho gayA hai / parantu sampUrNa bhAratavarSa ke prAyaH sabhI pradezoM meM vigata eka zatAbdI se kI jA rahI purAtAtvika khojoM se, bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa ke sambandha meM huI abhinava upalabdhiyoM aura aneka AdhAroM para vibhinna pradezoM ke purAtatvavettAoM, zodhakarttAnoM, anusandhAtAoM aura itihAsapremI vidvAn lekhakoM dvArA likhe gaye zodha prabandhoM, tAmrapatra - zilAlekha saMgrahoM aura prAdezika itihAsa granthoM ke zodha dRSTi se kiye gaye sUkSma adhyayana se uparilikhita avadhi ke ghaTanAcakra ko kAlakramAnusAra kramabaddha svarUpa dene para vastusthiti vidvAnoM ke uparilikhita prabhimata se nitAnta bhinna hI pratIta hotI hai / tAmilanADu, karnATaka, prAndhra, kaliMga, baMga, mahArASTra, madhyapradeza, gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna Adi prAntoM tathA mukhyataH mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle aura kararNATaka ke zramaNa belagola tIrtha-sthala se upalabdha huI purAtatva sambandhI sAmagrI ke sUkSma adhyayana se eka bar3A hI vismayakArI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai / vaha tathya yaha hai ki ukta avadhi kA arthAt vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1001 se 1700 taka kA jaina dharma kA bahiraMga itihAsa to bhinna-bhinna AyAmoM meM spaSTa evaM kramabaddha hI hai / ukta avadhi meM jainadharma kI mUla zAstrIya paramparA se bhinna prADambarapUrNa bahiraMga pravRttiyoM sambandhI uttara meM himAlaya se lekara dakSiNa meM samudra taTa taka ke vistIrNa bhU-bhAga meM upalabdha prAcIna abhilekhoM meM jainadharma ke prati pAI gaI prajA ke sabhI vargoM aura vizeSata: rAjAnoM, va rAjavaMzoM kI pragADha prIti ko dekhakara to bhagavAn mahAvIrakAlIna dharmodyota kI jhAMkI hRdayapaTala para ubhara AtI hai| kintu jaina dharma kI prANabhUtA AtmA tulya mUla paramparA kA, vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI zrAgamAnusAriNI mUla prAcArya paramparA kA itihAsa pUrNa rUpeNa to nahIM kintu adhikAMzataH andhakArAcchanna hI rahA / ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yadi saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI ki ukta avadhi meM jaina dharma ke bahiraMga svarUpa kA itihAsa to vastutaH bahu AyAmI evaM garva karane yogya zlAghanIya sthiti meM prakAzamAna rhaa| usake usa avadhi ke utkarSa ko dekhakara anya dharmAvalambI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM se sparddhA evaM spRhA hI karate the, kintu jainadharma kI prAraNabhUtA vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA kA evaM adhyAtmaparaka jainadharma ke vAstavika svarUpa kA itihAsa tamasAvRtta hone ke kAraNa vastutaH andhakAra meM ghUmila ho gayA / Page #67 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ katipaya prajJAta tathya ] mUla AdhyAtmika rUpa meM yena kena prakAreNa calate rahe jainadharma kA itihAsa to ukta avadhi meM dhUmila rahA aura usake mUlaguNa vItarAgabhAva se kosoM dUra bAhya ADambaraparaka bAhya bhakti kA itihAsa lokapriya aura loka vizruta hokara bar3hatA rahA / zanaiH zanai: AdhyAtmika upAsanA kA sthAna bAhya prADambarapUrNa bhautika pArAghanA ne aura bhAvArcanA kA sthAna dravya arcanA-dravya pUjA ne grahaNa karanA prArambha kiyaa| AkarSaka bAhya ADambara pUrNa dhArmika kArya-kalApoM kI pora jana-sAdhAraNa kA dhyAna AkarSita hone lagA aura janamata usa ora jhukane lgaa| loka pravAha ko apanI ora AkarSita karane ke lie bAhya ADambarapUrNa dravya pUjA, dravyArcanA ke nita naye vidhi vidhAna, taura tarIke prakAra Adi AviSkRta kiye jAne lge| dravya pUjA ke AviSkAraka una zramaNoM kI prasiddhi se prabhAvita hokara zramaNa varga ke bahusaMkhyaka zramaNa va zramaNI gaNa isa prakAra kI dravya paramparAoM ke poSaka bana gaye / jo paramparA bahiraMga ArAdhanA ke dravyArcanA ke jitane adhika AkarSaka prakAroM kA AviSkAra pracAra va prasAra karane aura apane una AkarSaka AyojanoM se jitane adhikAdhika logoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karane meM saphala huI vahI paramparA sarvazreSTha evaM sabase bar3I samajhI jAne lagI / zramaNa va zramaNI varga bhI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke patha kA parityAga kara ADambarapUrNa bhautika pArAdhanA kA pathika evaM patha pradarzaka bana gyaa| isakA ghAtaka duSpariNAma yaha hA ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita jaina dharma ke nitAnta adhyAtmaparaka svarUpa meM AmUlacUla parivartana ho gyaa| zramaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dharma tIrtha kI sthApanA karate samaya saMsAra ke SaDjIvanikAya ke ghora kaSToM kA anubhava karate hue bhavyoM ko unakI rakSA kA upadeza diyA thaa| prabhu ne kahA thA : aTTe loe parijuNNe dussaMbohe avijANae / assiM loe pavvahie tattha tattha puDho pAsa AturA paritAveti / ........ ....."saMti pANA puDho siyA lajjamANA puDho pAsa praNagArAmo tti ege pavayamAraNA jamiNaM virUvarUvehi satthehiM puDhavikamma samAraMbheNaM puDhavisatyaM samAraMbhemAraNA aNNe praNegarUve pAraNe vihiMsai / tattha khalu bhagavayaH pariNNA paveiyA, imassa ceva jIviyassa parivaMdaNa, mArapaNa, payaraNAe, jAi maraNa moyaNAe, dukkhapaDighAya heuM se sayameva puDhavisatyaM samAraMbhai,"""""samAraMbhAvei,...""samAraMbhaMte samaNujANai / taM se ahiyAe taM se abohie.... (prAcArAMga sUtra prathama zru taskaMdha dvitIya uddezaka) arthAt pRthvIkAya Adi SaDjIvanikAyoM ke jIva pIr3ita haiM aura dukhita haiN| ina pIr3ita jIvoM kA loga prArambha samArambha kara inako ghora kaSTa pahuMcAte haiM / kucha Page #68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 10 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 vyakti apane Apako aNagAra batAte hue bhI ina SaD jIva nikAya ke jIvoM kA inake Azrita dvIndriya tIndriya Adi jIvoM kA saMhAra karate, karavAte aura karane vAloM kA anumodana karate haiM / koI bhI vyakti apane jIvana ko banAye rakhane ke liye apane mAna sammAna pUjA Adi ke liye athavA janma-mRtyu se chuTakArA pAne ke liye va mokSa prApti ke liye athavA duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne ke liye ina paDjIva nikAya kA Arambha samArambha karatA hai, karavAtA hai aura karane vAle ko bhalA samajhatA hai to vaha usake liye ghora ahitakara hai, mahAn anarthakArI hai aura vaha usake prabodhi ke liye arthAt mithyAtva ke ghora andhakAra meM DAlane ke liye hai / Agama ke isa spaSTa nirdeza ke hote hue bhI ina dravyapUjA ke pravarttaka zramaNoM jIva nikAya ke ghora prArambha samArambha mahArambhapUrNa kArya caityAlaya nirmANa prAdi svayaM karane evaM apane bhaktoM dvArA karavAne prArambha kara vizuddha zramaNAcAra aura dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa meM bhI AmUlacUla parivartana kara diyaa| vizuddha dharma ke svarUpa se loga zanai: zanai: aparicita hone lage / vizuddha zramaNAcAra kyA hai yaha batAne vAle zramaNoM kA prabhAva prAyaH kSINa sA ho gayA / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki vizuddha zramaraNa paramparA eka pratIva gauNa paramparA bana kara raha gaI aura navodita dravya paramparAeM lokapriya bana gaIM / dharma ke svarUpa meM aura zramaNAcAra meM AmUlacUla parivartana Ane ke pIche kevala zithilAcAra hI ekamAtra kAraNa rahA ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai / isake pIche kramaza: nimnalikhita katipaya kAraNa aura bhI the :-- (1) kAla prabhAva se logoM kI kaSTa sahana aura parigraha sahana karane kI kSamatA kA kramika hrAsa | (2) hunDA avasarpiNI kAla kA prabhAva / jaisA ki AgamoM meM ullekha hai T pranantAnanta utsarpiNI avasarpiNI kAla vyatIta ho jAne ke pazcAt eka hunDA avasarpiNI kAla AtA hai / hunDa kA matalaba hai hIna prarthAt nikRSTa athavA kharAba / isa prakAra ke kAla meM katipaya AzcaryakArI evaM dukhada ghaTanAyeM hotI haiM jo prAyaH kisI bhI avasarpiNI athavA utsarpiNI kAla meM ghaTita nahIM hotIM / isa prakAra ke hunDA avasarpiNI kAla meM hIna manobala vAle zramaNa zramaNI varga vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA parityAga kara aneka prakAra ke aura sAdhanA ke adhyAtma pada se ADambaroM se ota-prota patha ke pathika bana jAte haiM / zithilAcAra kA sevana karate haiM unmukha ho bhautika evaM vAya ri ( mahAnizItha meM sAvadyAcArya kA prakaraNa ) (3) bhasmagraha kA prabhAva / Page #69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ katipaya prajJAta tathya ] [ 11 (jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 1 prathama saMskaraNa peja 466) (4) anya dharmoM ke prabhAva se apane anuyAyiyoM ko bacAne ke saduddezya se anyoM kI dekhAdekhI aneka azAstrIya vidhAoM vidhi vidhAnoM ko dhArmika kRtyoM evaM dhArmika kartavyoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra krnaa| bauddhoM, zaivoM aura vaiSNavoM ke prAbalyakAla meM jainoM ko apane dharma meM sthira rakhane ke liye bar3e vizAla stara para isa prakAra ke dhArmika prAyojanoM ke kiye jAne ke ullekha yatra-tatra upalabdha haiN| (5) dharma kI rakSArtha rAjya sattA ko apanI vazavartI athavA anuyAyI banAye rakhane hetu aneka prakAra ke aise kAryakalApoM kI anivArya rUpeNa svIkRti kI vyavahArakuzalatA, aadi-aadi| (6) (devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt kisI prabhAvazAlI pUrvadhara AcArya kA abhAva ho jaanaa| pUrvadhara prabhAvazAlI prAcArya ke vidyamAna na rahane ke kAraNa yatheSTa rUpa se zramaNa zramaNI samUha vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA parityAga kara zaithilya kI ora agrasara hone laga gyaa| ina saba kAraNoM se dharma ke svarUpa meM aura zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa meM uttarottara parivartana evaM vikRtiyAM praviSTa hotI rhiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa sva para kalyANakArI dharmapatha se bhaTaka kara anAgamika mArga para ArUr3ha huI siddhAntavihIna paramparAoM kA utkarSa aura lokavyApI vistAra jainadharma kI zAstravihita vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA yathAvat rUpeNa trikaraNa triyoga se pAlana karane vAlI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke liye uttarottara adhikAdhika ghAtaka siddha hotA gyaa| mUla zramaNa paramparA kA hrAsa hote hote antatogatvA eka kSINatoyA mahAnadI ke antaHpravAha athavA pracchanna pravAha kI bhAMti yaha zuddha zramaNa paramparA nagaNya evaM gauraNa rUpa meM avaziSTa raha gii| ina kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa se bArahavIM zatAbdI kI pUrvArddha kI madhyavartI avadhi ke mahAna prabhAvaka evaM prAgama marmajJa, navAMgI TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadevasUri ne apanI Agama aSTottarI nAmaka kRti meM Aja se lagabhaga 620 varSa pUrva apanI antarvyathA ko nimna prakAra se vyakta kiyA hai devaDhi kSamAzramaNajA, paraM paraM bhAvo viprANemi / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, davvo paramparA bahuhA / / arthAt devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa taka to bhAva paramparA (bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita mUla dharma kI paramparA) akSuNNa rUpa se calatI rahI, yaha maiM jAnatA Page #70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 12 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 hUM kintu devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha ho jAne ke pazcAt sAdhu-sAdhvI varga prAyaH zithilAcArI bana gayA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa una zithilAcAriyoM ke dvArA aneka prakAra kI dravya paramparAyeM sthApita kara dI giiN| navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadevasUri kI isa gAthA se siddha hotA hai ki devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone arthAt vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 taka jaina dharma meM adhyAtmaparaka bhAva paramparA kA pravAha bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita evaM garaNagharoM dvArA grathita AgamoM ke anusAra yathAvat akSuNNa gati se calatA rhaa| zramaNa zramaNI varga AgamAnusAra niraticAra vizuddha zramaNa dharma kA pAlana karate hue caturvidha saMgha ko ArAdhanA sAdhanA kA sahI upadeza dekara usase bhAva paramparA kA pAlana karavAte rhe| kintu deddhigaNi kSamA zramaNa ke svargastha ho jAne ke pazcAt pariSahabhIru zramaNa zramaNiyoM ne prasidhArA tulya dussAdhyA kriyA, aniyata nivAsa, ugra vihAra, parISaha sahana, sabhI kuloM meM madhukarI ke mAdhyama se prApta nirdoSa rUkSa nIrasa AhAra se zarIra kA nirvAha, pUrNata: aparigraha Adi vizuddha zramaNAcAra ko tilAMjali dekara vastivAsa se caityavAsa taka svIkAra kiyaa| maTha, caitya Adi meM niyata nivAsa, maTha caityAdi meM bhagavAna ko bhoga lagAne ke nimitta se bhojanazAlAyeM prArambha kara unhIM meM niyata rUpa se sarasa bhojana karanA, rupayA, paisA, dhana, daulata, kRSi bhUmi Adi kA parigraha rakhanA, caitya, maTha Adi kA suvidhAnusAra nirmANa prAdi karavA kara nijI sampatti ke rUpa meM unakA svAmitva, chatra cAmara ratha pAlakI siMhAsana dAsa dAsI gadde masanada bahamUlya paridhAna sugandhita ubaTana tela itra pAna supArI Adi kA aharniza upabhoga paribhoga Adi zramaNa maryAdA se parNataH pratikala caryAyoM ko aMgIkAra kara bhUmidAna, cala-acala sampatti kA aura vipula dravya kA dAna grahaNa karanA prArambha kara diyaa| unhoMne dharma ke nAma para pratiSThA mahotsava, vAdya yantroM kI tAla para kIrtana bhajana, nRtya saMgIta, tIrtha yAtrA Adi saiMkar3oM prakAra ke nita naye ADambarapUrNa Ayojana kara sabhI vargoM ke logoM ko apane-apane sampradAya, saMgha, gaccha Adi kI ora AkarSita karanA prAraMbha kiyA / zithilAcAra ke gahana garta kI ora unmukha hae ve zithilAcArI zramaNa vepa mAtra se nAmadhArI mani raha gaye / sarvajJa tIrthakara prabhu dvArA praNIta jaina AgamoM meM pratipAdita zramaNAcAra kA zramaNa maryAdAoM kA una niyata nivAmI caityavAmiyoM evaM maThavAsiyoM ke jIvana meM lavaleza taka nahIM rahA / yaha korI kalpanA mAtra nahIM hai epIgrAphikA iNDikA, epigrAphikA karNATikA, iNDiyana eNTIkverI, sAutha iNDiyana insakrizanma grAdi purAtatva sambandhI saikar3oM granthamAlAoM ke hajAroM pRSTha jaina zilAlekha saMgraha tInoM bhAgoM ke lagabhaga 1500 pRSTha, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUla vizuddha zramaga paramparA me bhinna prakAra kI bhaTTAraka, yApanIya, maThavAsI, caityavAsI, karcaka, nirgrantha Adi devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla kI zramaNa paramparAoM evaM sAdhu paramparAgoM ke prAcAryoM evaM Page #71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ katipaya prajJAta tathya ] sAdhuoM dvArA vizAla bhUkhaNDo, bhavanoM, grAmoM, caityoM, vasatiyoM, maThoM aura dhanarAziyoM Adi ke dAna grahaga kiye jAne ke ullekhoM se bhare par3e haiN| ina saba ullekhoM kA adhyayana kara ina para vicAra karane me aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa ke uttaravartI kAla meM maThoM, caityoM, vasatiyoM, mandiroM Adi kA nirmANa karavAnA, mandiroM kI pUjA ke liye, kRSi bhUmi, grAma, dhanarAzi Adi kA dAna grahaNa karanA, sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM kI prAhAra pAnIya Adi kI vyavasthA ke liye bar3I-bar3I dhanarAziyoM, kRSibhUmiyoM evaM grAmAdi kA dAna grahaNa kara sAdha sAdhviyoM ke liye bhojana banavAnA, unake nimitta banAyA hA prAdhAkarmI sadoSa bhojana khAnA, khilAnA, maThoM caityoM, vamatiyoM Adi mahA parigrahoM kA svAmitva grahaNa karanA, maThoM, caityoM, vasatiyoM Adi meM bArahoM mAma nirantara eka hI sthAna para niyata vAsa karanA, saMgha yAtrAoM kA Ayojana karanA, prAya: ye hI sAdhanoM, prAcAryoM, bhaTTArakoM Adi ke sAdhu jIvana ke pramukha kartavya raha gaye the; javaki yUgAdi se dervAddha kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke samaya taka ye saba kArya sAdhu jIvana ke liye paMcamahAvratadhArI sAdhu mAtra ke liye azucivat athavA viSavat ekAntataH jIvanaparyanta pUrNataH tyAjya mAne jAte rahe / sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, thAvikA rUpI jisa caturvidha tIrtha kI--dharma saMgha ke sthApanA ke samaya tIrthakara prabhu ne prANI mAtra ke liye, choTe se lekara bar3e se bar3e sAdhaka varga ke liye janma, jarA, vyAdhi, upAdhi, mRtyu Adi sabhI prakAra ke mA . rika dukhoM ke mUla karma bala ko samyagjJAna-darzana-cAritra rUpI ratnatrayI kI tamyag pArAdhanA dvArA dhvasta kara zAzvata ziva sukha prApti, saccidAnanda ghana svarUpAtApti ko hI eka mAtra carama evaM parama lakSya batAyA thA, devaddhi ke svargArohaNa kAla taka vItarAga jinendra prabhU ke dharma saMgha ke na kevala sAdhu sAdhvI varga apitu thAvaka-zrAvikA varga ye cAroM hI prakAra ke varga usI eka mAtra carama lakSya kI prApti ke liye apanI apanI zakti sAmarthyAnusAra prayatnazIla rhe| kintu devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke uttaravartI kAla ke sAdha sAdhvI zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ina cAroM vargoM ke, saMlekhanA ko choDa zeSa, kAryakalApoM kA vivaragA madhyayugIna purAtatva sAmagrI ke abhilekhoM meM par3hakara aisA grAbhAsa hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke cAroM hI vargoM ne yA to prabhu dvArA pradazita usa carama parama lakSya ko bhulA diyA thA athavA gaugA samajha liyA thaa| deza ke kone-kone se prApta madhyayuga kI purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke abhilekhoM meM rAjAoM, rAja rAniyoM, mantriyoM, senApatiyoM, zreSThiyoM, sAmantoM, prazAsakoM, vyApArI vargoM, prajA kI sabhI jAtiyoM ke zrAvaka zrAvikAoM dvArA caitya vasati, jina mandira, maTha Adi ke nirmANa, sAdhu sAdhviyoM ke bhojana pAna Adi kI vyavasthA aura mandiroM ko pUjA ke nimitta prAcAryoM, mandiroM, maThoM, vasatiyoM ke svAmI prabandhaka athavA paurohitya karane vAle zramagoM zramaNAgrariNayoM ko bhUmi dAna, bhavana dAna aura Page #72 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 14 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 dhanarAzi kA dAna diye jAne ke AcAryoM bhaTTArakoM, athavA zramaNoM dvArA maThoM, mandiroM, tIrthoM, vasatiyoM Adi kA Adhipatya athavA svAmitva aMgIkAra karane ke agaNita ullekha bhare par3e haiN| tIrthakaroM ke mandiroM kI pratiSThA athavA pUjA Adi se bhI una dharmasaMghoM ko santoSa nahIM huA to unhoMne jvAlAmAlinI, padmAvatI Adi deviyoM ke, gommaTezvara kI svatantra matiyAM banavA inake pathaka svatantra mandira banavAne kI navya nUtana prathA kA pracalana kiyaa| kevala yahI nahIM, apitu mAna sammAna evaM lokaiSaNAoM se otaprota mAnasa vAle una uttaravartI kAla meM panape evaM prasiddhi pAye hae jaina dharma saMghoM ke mahatvAkAMkSI AcAryoM ne mantra, tantra, jvAlAmAlinI kalpa, padmAvatI kalpa, Adi kA AviSkAra kara adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM logoM ko apanA anuyAyI banAne evaM lokamata. ko apanI ora AkarSita karane ke sAtha-sAtha apanI uttarottara bar3hatI huI mahatvAkAMkSAoM kI pUrti hetu rAjanIti meM, zAsana saMcAlana meM, sakriya bhAga lenA bhI prArambha kara diyaa| jarnala Apha dI bambaI brAnca Apha dI rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, vAlyUma 10 pRSTha 260 epha epha ke anusAra sauM-datti se prApta IsvI san 1228 ke abhilekha ke anusAra veNu grAma (sAmprata kAlIna belagAMva) ke raTTavaMzI rAjA kArtavIrya evaM usake putra rAjA lakSmIdeva ke rAjaguru jainAcArya municandra ne ina rAjAoM ke rAjya saMcAlana aura sainika abhiyAnoM meM sakriya bhAga lekara ina raTavaMzI rAjAoM ke rAjya kI sImAoM kA vistAra kara raTTa rAjya ko eka zaktizAlI rAjya kA rUpa diyaa| ukta zilAlekha ke lekhAnusAra jainAcArya municandra dharmanIti ke sAtha-sAtha raNanIti ke bhI vizArada the| sarvocca sammAna ke yogya evaM sabhI mantriyoM meM sarvocca suyogya mantrI evaM zaktizAlI raTTavaMzI rAjya ke nirmAtA athavA saMsthApaka jainAcArya municandra ne apanI ucca koTi kI prazAsanika yogyatA evaM udAratA ke guNa se apane Apako anya sabhI mantriyoM meM sarvAgraNI siddha kiyA / ' devaddhigaNi se uttaravartI kAla meM badalo huI sAmAjika, dhAmika evaM rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa isa prakAra lokapriya evaM bahujana sammata bane zramaNa 1. Munichandra's activities were not confined to the sphere of Religion alone. Besides being a spiritual guide and political advisor of the Royal House Hold, be appears to have taken a leading part not only in the administrative affairs, but also in connection with the military Campaigos of the kingdom. He is stated to have expanded the boundries of the Ratta territory and established their authority on a firm footing. Both Laxmi Deo lind and his father Kart Virya IV were indebted to this divine for his sound advice and political wisdom. Munichandra was well versed in sacred lore and proficient in military science. "Worthy of respect, most able among ministers, the establisher of the Ratta King Munichandra surpassed all others in capacity for administration and in generosity". (Jainism in south lodia in some jaina Epigraphs--By P.B. Desai Page 114-115) Page #73 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ katipaya ajJAta tathya ] [ 15 saMgha ke AcAryoM ne rAjanIti meM khulakara bhAga liyaa| jaina saMgha ke katipaya dharmAcAryoM ne naye rAjyoM evaM naye rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA taka kii| isa prakAra rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA karate samaya aura una rAjavaMzoM ke rAjya vistAra ke samaya una rAjAoM ko AcAryoM ne yuddhabhUmi meM antima dama taka DaTe rahane kI bhI preraNA dI / isa prakAra rAjavaMzoM evaM rAjyoM kI sthApanA ke sAtha-sAtha unheM zaktizAlI banAne tathA sImA vistAra karane meM katipaya AcAryoM ne apane ziSya rAjAoM ko sakriya sahayoga aura vijaya abhiyAnoM meM parAmarza taka bhI diyaa| isa prakAra ke aneka ullekha madhyayugIna zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| prAcArya sUdatta ne (bI. e. seloTora ke abhimatAnusAra aparanAma prAcArya varddhamAnadevane) una para AkramaNa karane ke liye jhapaTate hue cIte kI ora iMgita kara apane pAsa baiThe yaduvaMzI kSatriyakumAra sal ko Adeza diyA: "poyasala ! arthAt he sal ! isa cIte ko mAra ddaalo|" / sala ne mudatta prAcArya dvArA dI gaI cAmara kI maTha se cIte ko mAra ddaalaa| AcArya sudatta kSatriyakumAra sala ke isa adbhuta sAhasapUrNa zaurya se baDe prasanna hue| unhoMne usa kSatriyakumAra kA nAma poyasala rakkhA aura use sabhI bhAMti kI sahAyatA evaM parAmarza pradAna kara hoya sala (poya sala) rAjya kI sthApanA kI aura use banavAsI rAjya kA adhipati bnaayaa| prAcArya sudatta ne hoyasala rAjya ke prathama rAjA sala, usake putra vinayAditya (prathama) aura vinayAditya ke uttarAdhikArI nRpakAma ina tInoM rAjAoM kI unake rAjyakAla meM hoyasala rAjya ko eka gaktizAlI rAjya banAne meM sabhI bhAMti kI sahAyatA kii| zAnti deva nAmaka prAcArya ne hoyasala vaMza ke rAjA vinayAditya (dvitIya) kA vipUla lakSmI (rAjyalakSmI) prApta karane meM baDI sahAyatA kii|| kAraNa ragaraNa ke prAcArya siMhanandI ne daDiga aura mAdhava nAmaka rAjakumAroM ko sabhI vidyAoM kI zikSA de unheM apane hAthoM se rAjamukuTa pahanA kara eka zakti 1. ka-varddha mAna manIndrasya, vidyAmantra prabhAvataH / gArdUla svavazIkRtya, hoyasalApAlayaddharAm // (jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3 lekha saMkhyA 667 pRSTha 516) kha- moDiyevala jainijma peja 64 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha saMkhyA 301 3. yasyopAsyapavitra pAda kamala dvan dvan napaH poyasalo, lakSmI sannidhimAnayat sa vinayAdityaH kRtAjAbhuvaH / kastasyAhaMti zAntideva yaminassAmadhyaMmitthaM tathe, ......................... / / 5 / / [ jaina zilAlegva saMgraha bhAga 1, lekha maMgyA 54 (67)] ... .... .... .. Page #74 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 16 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 zAlI jaina rAjya, gaMga-rAjya kI sthApanA kii| unheM gaMga-rAjya ke prathama rAjA ke rUpa meM siMhAsana para baiThAne ke pazcAt jina sAta bAtoM kA upadeza diyA una sAta zikSAoM meM antima zikSA yaha thI ki : "yuddha bhUmi meM kabhI pITha mata dikhaanaa|" unhoMne gaMga rAjavaMza ke prathama rAjA daDig aura mAdhava ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahA thA ki ina sAta zikSAoM meM se kisI eka bhI zikSA kA yadi ullaMghana karoge, pITha dikhAkara raNabhUmi se jisa dina palAyana kara jAoge usI dina se tumhArA rAjavaMza naSTa ho jaayegaa| devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla meM prasiddhi pAye hue ina dharmasaMghoM ke paMca mahAvratadhArI prAcAryoM ne, sAdhuoM ne rAjAoM, rAjavaMzoM, amAtyoM, sAmantoM, rAjyAdhikAriyoM, zrImantoM, zreSThiyoM aura prajA ke sabhI vargoM ko adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM apanA zipya, anuyAyI evaM samarthaka banAne tathA apanI ora Akapita karane ke liye aneka prakAra ke tantra, mantra, yantra, jvAlAmAlinI kalpa, padmAvatI kalpa Adi kalpoM, aneka prakAra ke deva deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM, mandiroM aura camatkArapUraNaM tathAkathita siddhiyoM kI parikalpanA kara unake mAdhyama se prabhatva, sattA, aizvarya, kotti aura vipUla vaibhava prApta karanA prArambha kiyaa| apane abhIpsita manorathoM kI siddhi ke liye lokapravAha inakI ora udvelita sAgara ke samAna saba ora se umar3a pdd'aa| deza ke isa chora se usa chora taka jana-mAnasa meM bhautika kAmanAyoM se anuprANita andhavizvAsa kI eka adamya lahara taraMgita ho uThI / grAma-grAma aura nagaranagara meM pUjA pratiSThA jApa (yApa), mantra siddhi, yantrasiddhi prAdi anuSThAnoM meM ahaniza vyasta aura vItarAga jinendra deva dvArA prarUpita zramaNa dharma ko apanI suvidhA evaM icchAnusAra svarUpa pradAna karane vAle ina madhyayugIna vibhinna nAmadhArI zramaNa saMghoM ke caityAlayoM, maThoM, mandiroM, vasatiyoM, yakSAyatanoM, jvAlAmAlinI, ambikA, padmAvatI prati deviyoM ke mandiroM aura upAthayoM meM svarNamudrAoM, rajata mudrAoM evaM mariNa mANikyAdi kI ahaniza vRSTi hone lgii| jo zramaNa jIvana samyagjJAnadarzana-cAritra rUpI ratnatrayI kI ArAdhanA evaM tapa saMyama ke mAdhyama se mukti kI sAdhanA ke liye samarpita honA cAhiye thA, vaha pAvana zramaNa jIvana bhautika lAlasAnoM ke lobha meM andha bane loka pravAha ko samarpita ho gyaa| ina madhyayugIna dharma saMghoM ke prAcAryoM athavA zramaNoM dvArA mantra, tantra Adi vidyAoM ke mAdhyama se kisa prakAra kI kAryasiddhi kI jAtI thI etadartha sahasraza: udAharaNoM meM se eka udAharaNa rASTrakUTa vaMzIya nareza govinda tRtIya ke samaya kA isa prakAra hai :-- "IsA kI nau vIM zatAbdI ke muni arka kItti ne kunaMgala pradeza ke prazAsaka vimalAditya ko apane mantrabala dvArA bhISaNa pretabAdhA se sadA sarvadA ke liye vimukta kara diyA / isa camatkAra se prasanna hokara sampUrNa gaMga maNDala ke adhirAja evaM rASTrakUTa rAjya ke sAmanta cAkirAja ne apane svAmI rASTrakaTa rAja rAjezvara govinda Page #75 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ katipaya ajJAta tathya ] [ 17 tRtIya se prArthanA kara jAla maMgala nAmaka eka grAma jaina muni arkakIrti ko prItidAna ke rUpa meM dilavAyA / ' rAjAoM, mahAmAtyoM, senApatiyoM, sAmantoM, zreSThiyoM aura adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM jana samudAyoM ko apanA-apanA bhakta aura anuyAyI banAne kI isa prakAra ke vibhinna saMgaThanoM ke rUpa meM gaThita dharma saMghoM ke prAcAryoM evaM zramaraNoM meM hor3a sI laga gaI / jisa saMgha ke AcArya ne sabase bar3e rAjA ko apanA anuyAyI, bhakta athavA ziSya banA liyA, vahI sabase bar3A prAcArya aura usa prAcArya kA saMgha hI sabase bar3A evaM sabase zreSTha saMgha mAnA jAne lgaa| dharma saMgha kI zreSThatA aura AcArya kI mahAnatA kA yahI mApadaNDa loka meM sarvamAnya bana gayA / jo AcArya rAjaguru bana gayA hI lokaguru mAnA jAne lgaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM isa prakAra ke dharmasaMghoM ke AcArya aura sAdhu rAta-dina isI udher3abuna meM rahane lage ki kina upAyoM se rAjA ko apanA anuyAyI banAyA jAya, adhikAdhika logoM ko apanA bhakta banAyA jAya / isa prakAra devagiriNa se uttaravartI kAla meM rAja samparka aura loka samparka ke mAdhyama se bhavyAtibhavya jina mandiroM, maThoM, basatiyoM, zAsanadeviyoM, Adi ke maMdiroM ke adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM nirmANa karavA janamata ko apanI ora AkarSita karanA hI ina dharmasaMghoM ke AcAryo, bhaTTArakoM evaM sAdhutroM kI dainandinI kA prAyaH pramukha aMga raha gayA thA / kathana A ( yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke usa samaya ke pramukha aMga mAne jAne vAle zramaNa saMghoM kI isa prakAra kI zocanIya dazA ko dekhakara vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pakSadhara eka zramaraNa ne/apane zokodgAra nimnalikhita rUpa meM prakaTa kiye : - gaDDari pavAhamro jo pai nayaraM dIsae bahujaNehiM / jigahi kAravaragAIM, suttaviruddho prasuddho ya // 6 // so hoi davvadhammo, apahArago neva vivvuI jagai / suddho dhammo bIgro, mahizro paDisoyagAmIhi ||7|| paDhamaguNaThANe je jIvA, ciTThati tesi so paDhamo / hoi iha davvadhammo, avisuddha bIyanAyeNa || 10 || avira guragaThAragAsu je ya ThiyA tesi bhAvapro bIoo / teraNa juyA te jIvA, huMti sabIyA ano suddho // 11 // arthAt Aja jo bher3a cAla se pratyeka nagara meM bahuta se logoM dvArA jinagRhoM jina mandiroM ke nirmANa Adi kArya karavAye jA rahe haiM, ve saba sUtra viruddha aura azuddha haiN| vaha kevala apradhAna dharma hai jo nivRtti kA janaka mokSadAyaka nahIM hai / zuddha dharma 1. epigrAphikA karNATikA vAlyUma 12 jIbI, pI. pI. 30-1 Page #76 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 18] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 to vastutaH isase bhinna dUsarA hI hai / jo pratizrotagAmiyoM arthAt lokapravAha ke pratikala AdhyAtmika patha para agrasara hone vAle mahApuruSoM dvArA Acarita evaM prazaMsita hai / prathama guNasthAna meM jo jIva saMsthita haiM, unake liye yaha prathama dravyadharma hai, jo bIja-nyAya mUla-nyAya athavA bodhibIja samyaktva ke abhAva kI dRSTi se avizuddha hai / jo jova avirata nAmaka cauthe guraNasthAna meM sthita haiM unake lie to vaha bhAva pUjA nAmaka dUsarA dharma hI AcaraNIya aura zreyaskara hai, jo vastutaH pratizrotagAmI tIrthaMkara Adi mahApuruSoM dvArA sevita evaM Acarita hone ke kAraNa vizuddha aura vAstavika dharma hai| kyoMki usase yukta jIva sabIja athavA bodhibIja samyaktva sahita hote haiM ataH vaha dUsarA AdhyAtmika dharma hI vizuddha dharma hai| . devaddhi gaNi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla meM, jisa samaya jainAgamoM meM pratipAdita jainadharma kI zAzvata satya siddhAntoM se pratikula AcaraNa karane vAle caityavAsI evaM bhaTTAraka Adi dharma saMghoM kA sarvatra prAbalya thA, ina saMghoM ke caramotkarSa kAla meM bhI tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA batAye gaye jainadharma ke mUlabhUta yAdhyAtmika siddhAntoM evaM vizuddha mUla zramaraNa paramparA ke nirdoSa zramaraNAcAra ke pakSadhara kisI zramaraNottama ne ina paMktiyoM meM ukta dravya paramparAoM ke utkarSa kAla meM unake dvArA pracAlita bher3acAla tulya lokapravAha para zokapUrNa udgAra prakaTa karate hue mUla vizuddha jaina dharma kA, zAzvata satya zramaNa paramparA evaM zramaNopAsaka paramparA ke mUla svarUpa kA atIva sahaja sUndara zailI meM citraNa kiyA hai| jainadharma ke zAzvata satya mUla svarUpa meM ADambara ke liye kahIM koI kicitmAtra bhI sthAna nahIM thA, vaha to pUrNataH AdhyAtmikatA kI AdhArazilA para AdhArita thaa| usameM kevala AdhyAtmikatA hI AdhyAtmikatA otaprota thii| jainadharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUla siddhAntoM se viparIta zramaNAcAra evaM dharma ke svarUpa ko jana-jana ke samakSa prastuta kara sudRr3ha tathA zaktizAlI bane ina niyata nivAsI dharmasaMghoM ke utkarSa kAla meM evaM ekAdhikAra kAla meM huI jina zAsana kI vizuddha zramaNa paramparA kI dayanIya dazA se dukhita vidhi pakSa ke prAcArya bhAvasAgara sari ne vikrama samvat 1560 ke AsapAsa kI apanI racanA "zrI vora vaMza paTTAvalI apara nAma vidhi pakSa gaccha paTTAvalI'' meM apanI antaravyathA ina zabdoM meM abhivyakta kI hai : dussaha dUsamavasano, sAha pasAhAhi kulagaNAi hiN| vijjA kiriyA bhaTTA, sAsaraNamiha suttarahiyaM ca / / 16 / / arthAt duHsahya duSpama nAmaka paMcama prAraka ke duSprabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa AdikAla se ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha calA A rahA prabhu mahAvIra kA dharma saMgha bhinna-bhinna zAkhAyoM prazAkhAoM evaM kuloM evaM gaNoM meM vibhakta ho chinna-bhinna ho Page #77 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ katipaya ajJAta tathya ] [ 16 gayA, adhyAtma vidhAe praNaSTa tathA vizuddha kriyAeM bhraSTa ho gaIM / arthAt sAdhu sAdhvI zrAvaka zrAvikA varga apane Adarza kattavyoM se cyUta ho gaye aura yaha jina zAsana arthAt mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha sUtra rahita ho gyaa| caturvidha saMgha ke sAdhu sAdhvI zrAvaka zrAvikA ina cAroM vargoM ke sadasyoM kA prAcAra vyavahAra sarvajJa praNIta AgamoM meM pradarzita va pratipAdita mUla vizuddha mArga se viparIta ho gyaa| __madhyayugIna mandiroM, tIrthoM, vasatiyoM, caityAlayoM Adi se upalabdha prAcIna zilAlekhoM, tAmrapatroM, abhilekhoM Adi ke adhyayana dvArA usa yuga ke zramaNasaMghoM, unake prAcAryoM aura muniyoM ke vizuddha zramaNAcAra se viparIta zithilAcArapUrNa prAcaraNa se, dravya saMgraha kI pravRtti se aura Agama sAhitya meM pratipAdita jainadharma ke adhyAtmaparaka evaM ahiMsA mUlaka mahAna siddhAntoM ke adhyayana ke pazcAta itihAsa ke marmajJa evaM taTastha vidvAn ne uparivariNata prAcAryoM ke liye unakI antardazA ke dyotaka udgAroM ke anurUpa hI apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue likhA hai : .....................Thus, the distinction between Jain monks and priests gradually disappeared from the 7th., 8th. centuries. The change in usual practice, of priesthood would have surely made them the sole master of enormous wealth, acquired from endowments made by the Jain devotees. The above analysis of the nature of Jaina monks in Karnataka shows how far they departed from the precepts of their founder Mahavira, who denounced the infallible authority of the priest class among the Hindus and great emphasis on the purity of soul rather than the observances of ritualistic formalism. The rituals introduced by the Jaina teachers of Karnataka were not in keeping with the original puritan character of Jainism. The introduction of rituals also affected the Jaina vow of Ahinsa (non-injury). In the course of performing worship and rituals; the Jaina devotees occasionally committed acts of injury to unseen germs in water, flowers, etc., which were used in the worship of Jina. The offering of Homa or fire oblation and Arti or waving the lamp round the Jina killed small insects."9 inhIM vidvAna aitihAsajJa ne madhyayugIna dharmasaMghoM dvArA paramparAgata zramaNa jIvana meM mUla zramaraNAcAra athavA zramaraNa caryA meM kiye gaye parivartanoM para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai : "The most important change which affected the Jainas in Karnataka related to the way of their living. The Wandering mode of life, originally intended for the monk community, yielded place to permanent habitation of the Jaiva monks in Jaina monasteries. The Digambara teachers of 1. jainijma ina aralI miDievala karnATakA, bAI rAmabhUSaNaprasAdasiMha, peja 51 Page #78 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 20] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 Karnataka induced the people to erect monasteries and temples and endow them with rich gifts for proper maintenance. The Jaina devotees showed equal zeal for building residences for the Jaina ascetics. Gradually Jaina monasticism organised itself under the authoritative control of the Chief Pre-ceptors, who were generally the recipients of gifts on behalf of the Jain temples and monestic establishments. In the new monasticism, the preceptors wielded much authority over the monks and nuns. As the latter were solely dependent upon the former for their subsistence, they had to be loyal towards the preceptors. The preceptors also commanded respect of the lay devotees of all classes. Pujya Pada Jinsena, Gun Bhadra, Som Deo, Ajit Sen, Sudatta, Vardhaman Deo and Muni Chandra were some of the prominent Jaina teachers, who exerted profound influence upon the kings and princes of Mysore in their own times. They now tendered advice not only on spiritual matters, but also on worldly affairs. They took active interest in the politics of Karnataka. This obviously ment a break with the past, when the monks led a solitary life in the old monasticism. In any case, old norms were being freely violated". mUrti pUjA ke sambandha meM apane purAtAtvika adhyayana ke niSkarSa ke rUpa meM abhimata vyakta karate hue inhIM itihAsavid siMha mahodaya ne likhA hai : "In the earliest phase of their history the Jainas and the Buddhists launched a systematic campaign against the cult of ritual and sacrifice as destructive of all morals, and laid great stress on the purification of soul for the attainment of Nirvana or salvation. They denied the authority of God over human actions. Unlike the Hindus, they did not accept God as the Creator and Destroyer of the Universe. Contrary to the popular view they held that every soul possesses the virtue of Parmatma or God and attains this status as soon as it frees itself from the worldly bondage. : Naturally the early Jains did not practice image worship, which finds no place in the Jain canonical literature. The early Digambara texts from Karnataka do not furnish authentic information on this point and the description of their Mool Gunas and Uttar Gunas meant for lay worshippers do not refer to image worship. But idol worship first appeared in the early centuries of the Christian Era, and elaborate rules were developped for performing the different rituals of Jaina worship during early medieval times. Samant Bhadra, who belongs to the early century of the Christian Era, was probably the first to lay down worship as the religious duty of a layman. 9 Jainism in Early Medieval Karnataka, by Ram Bhushan Prasad singh, pages 135-136. published by Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi -Varanasi-Patna, first edition, Delhi, 1975. Page #79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ katipaya ajJAta tathya ] __ [ 21 He included it among the Shiksha Vratas or Educative vows and gave it a place of some importance in his rules for Jain house holders. 9 From this time the Jaina teachers further developed their system of worship. Som Deo included it among samayik Shiksha Vrata or the customary worship and devoted a full chapter to the Jaina system of worship."? IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke uttaravartI kAla meM jaina zramaraNoM evaM zramaNa saMghoM meM jaina dharma ke mUla siddhAntoM ke viparIta zuddha zramaNAcAra ke pratikUla AcaraNa kA prAcurya kyoM ho gayA ? zithilAcAra, dravya saMgraha, mandiroM ke paurohitya grahaNa Adi kI vRtti kyoM aura kisa prakAra utpanna ho gaI ? unakA zramaNa jIvana pUrva kAla ke zramaNoM ke ekAntapriya, paribhramaNazIla evaM AdhyAtmika zramaNa jIvana se pratikUla dizAgAmI kyoM bana gayA ? ina saba praznoM para kSIra nIra viveka dRSTi se gahana adhyayana ke pazcAt vidvAna aitihAsajJa zrI rAmabhUSaNa prasAdasiMha ne niSkarSa ke rUpa meM jo upari uddhRta vicAra vyakta kiye haiM ve sAra rUpa meM isa prakAra haiM : "jina kAraNoM se madhyayuga ke zramaNoM ne mandiroM ke paurohitya ko grahaNa kiyA, una kAraNoM ko jJAta karanA koI kaThina kArya nahIM hai| jaina zramaNoM ke mana mastiSka meM bar3hatI huI dravya saMgraha kI lAlasA, saMgha meM sattA sampanna pramukha pada prApta karane kI abhilASA aura unakI uttarotara zithilAcAra kI ora unmukha huI vRtti ne unheM zramaNa dharma se bhraSTa karane vAle paurohitya ke kArya ko purohitoM se chInakara apane adhikAra meM lene ke liye vivaza kiyaa| isa prakAra apane hAtha meM liye hae paurohitya kArya ne una zramaNoM ko usa apAra sampatti aura vaibhava kA svAmI banA diyA jo zraddhAlu bhaktoM dvArA jina mandiroM ko bheMTa kI gaI bahumUlya sampatti ke rUpa meM unheM prApta hotI rahatI thii| jaina sAdhuoM kI isa prakAra kI prabhusattA prApta karane kI lAlasA ke sAtha-sAtha zithilAcAraparaka artha lolupa vRtti ne unheM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM se kitane kosoM dUra pheMka diyA, yaha pratyeka vijJa vyakti ko sahaja hI vidita ho jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dharma tIrtha kA pravartana karate samaya hindU samAja meM ekAdhipatya ke rUpa meM chAI haI paurohitya vRtti kA ghora virodha karane ke sAtha-sAtha bhautika anuSThAnoM ke sthAna para prAtma zuddhi para bala diyA thA / jina bhautika anuSThAnoM kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tIvra virodha kara nirAkaraNa kiyA thA, una bhautika anuSThAnoM kA jainadharma saMgha meM pracalana karate samaya madhya yuga ke jainadharma 1. S.P. Brahmachari, Grihastha Dharma, V. 119, page 144 3. Jainism in Early Medieval Karnatakit, Page 23 published by Motilal Banarasi Dass, Delbi in the first edition 1975. Page #80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 22 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 guruoM evaM dharmAcAryoM ne jaina dharma ke una pavitra AdhyAtmika mUla siddhAntoM kI ora koI dhyAna nahIM diyA, jo Atmazuddhi ke amogha sAdhana the athavA haiM / jainadharma saMgha meM una madhyayugIna dharmAcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye dravya pUjA ke bhautika anuSThAnoM ke pracalana se jainadharma ke prANabhUta ahiMsA ke mUla siddhAnta para vastutaH kuThArAghAta huaa| dravya pUjA karate samaya bhautika anuSThAnoM ke mAdhyama se jo bhaktagaNa pUjA ke prayoga meM lAye jAne vAle pAno aura puSpAdi meM vidyamAna agaNita sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiM jo dRSTigocara nahIM hote, dravya pUjA meM kiye jAne vAle homa se, agarabattI dhUpa Adi sugandhita dravyoM ke prajvalana se aura prajvalita pradIpa ko jinamUrti ke samakSa ghumAne se anuSThAna karane vAlA bhakta vAyu agni prAdi jIva nikAyoM ke asaMkhya sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai / jainoM meM mUrti pUjA kA prAdurbhAva IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM huaA aura madhyayuga meM pUjA ke niyamoM aura anuSThAnoM ko vistRta athavA vizada rUpa diyA gayA / samantabhadra (vikrama kI sAtavIM AThavIM zatAbdI) hI sambhavataH pahale prAcArya the, jinhoMne matipajA ko zikSAkta meM sammilita kara ise thAddha varga (zrAvaka zrAvikA varga) kA dhArmika kartavya nirdhArita kiyaa| somadeva (vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI) ne mUrti pUjA ko sAmAyika zikSA vrata meM sthAna diyaa|" prAcIna kAla meM vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 taka jaina zramaNoM kA zramaNa jIvana ucca Adarza se aotaprota, kaThora maryAdAnoM se pUrNa rUpeNa maryAdita, sarvajJa praNIta jinAgamoM meM pratipAdita zramaNa dharma ke anurUpa thaa| caturvidha saMgha dvArA sarvamAnya mahAn jainadharma kA svarUpa bhI pUrvadharakAla meM jainAgamAnusAra hI thaa| kintu madhyayuga meM jaina dharma ke svarUpa meM parivartana aura zramaNoM ke zramaNAcAra meM zaithilya grAdi doSoM kA prAdurbhAva evaM prAbalya kina kAraNoM se hA isa para prakAza DAlate hue inhIM vidvAn lekhaka ne likhA hai :--- "mUlataH jainAgamoM meM zramaNa zramaNI varga ke liye apratihata vihAra va varSAvAsa ko chor3a zeSa RtuoM meM aniyata nivAsa kA vidhAna hai| madhya yuga meM parISahabhIru zramaraNa zramaNI varga ne apratihata vihAra athavA aniyata nivAsa kI mala zramaNa caryA kA parityAga kara eka hI sthAna para niyata nivAsa ko aMgIkAra kara liyaa| isa parivartana ke sAtha hI una zramagoM ne apane eka hI sthAna para sthAyI niyata nivAsa ke lie apane bhaktoM ko caitya, maTha, zramaraNavasatiyAM, zramaNI vasatiyAM Adi banAne meM vipula puNyalAbha kA upadeza dekara inakA nirmANa karavAnA prArambha kiyaa| nagara-nagara grAma grAma meM maTha caityAdi ke nirmANa karavAye gae / una caityoM, maThoM aura vasatiyoM meM zramaNa zramariNayoM ne niyata nivAsa prArambha kara diyaa| zanaiH zanaiH una caityoM maThoM, muni vasatiyoM aura zramaNI vasatiyoM Adi kA prabandha una zramaNa samUhoM ke prAcAryoM va bhaTTArakoM Adi ne apane hAtha meM liyA aura zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke liye sabhI prakAra ke samucita prabandha evaM una maThAdi kI bhalI bhAMti vyavasthA hetu una Page #81 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ katipaya ajJAta tathya ] - [ 23 maThAdhIzoM, caityAdhIzoM ne mandiroM, caityoM aura maThoM ke nAma para bheMTa, dravyadAna, bhUmidAna, grAmadAna Adi grahaNa karane prArambha kara diye| maThoM, caityoM, bastiyoM aura muni AvAsoM ke navodita Adhipatya vyavasthA meM samasta zramaNa zramaraNI varga ke sAdhu sAdhviyoM para una maThAdhIzoM caityAdhipatiyoM kA pUrNarUpeNa svAmitva athavA Adhipatya mAnA jAtA thA kyoMki una caitya maThAdi meM rahane vAle sabhI sAdhu sAdhviyoM ko apane-apane adhIza AcAryoM kI kRpA para hI nirbhara rahanA par3atA thaa| una sAdhu sAdhviyoM kA apane-apane prAcAryoM ke prati pUrNarUpeNa svAmibhakta rahanA anivArya thaa| bheMTa evaM dAna meM prApta dhana kI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha una AcAryoM kA vaibhava bar3hA aura vaibhava kI abhivRddhi ke sAtha bhakta samAja para unakA varcasva bhI uttarottara bar3hatA gyaa| loka samparka aura rAja samparka baDhAkara unhoMne prajAjanoM ke sabhI vargoM aura rAjA mahArAjAoM para bhI apanA prabhAva jamA liyaa| pUjyapAd jinasena, guNabhadra, somadeva, ajitasena, sudatta, municandra Adi pramukha prAcAryoM kA apane-apane samaya ke rAjAoM evaM rAjakumAroM para gaharA prabhAva thaa| madhyayuga ke ve zramaNa evaM prAcArya kevala dharma athavA pAralaukika viSayoM ke parAmarzadAtA hI nahIM, apitu gRhasthoM ke iha laukika kArya kalApoM ke parAmarzadAtA bhI the| ve jaina prAcArya rAjanIti meM sakriya evaM ullekhanIya abhiruci lete the| madhyayuga ke jainAcAryoM aura zramaraNoM ke isa prakAra ke kArya kalApoM, va laukika prapaMcoM se pralipta caryAoM se spaSTa rUpeNa svataH hI yaha siddha hai ki unakA purAtana pavitra mUla zramaNa paramparA se sambandha TUTa gayA thaa| isa bAta se bhI kisI ko koI matabheda nahIM ki madhyayuga kI una zramaNa paramparAoM ke zramaraNoM aura prAcAryoM ne purAtana pAvana zramaNa dharma kI sabhI mUla maryAdAoM kA khule rUpa meM ullaMghana kiyA, maryAdAoM ko tor3a diyaa|" ina saba uparilikhita vikrama kI gyArahavIM bArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara vartamAna kAla taka ke uddharaNoM se yaha bhalIbhAMti siddha hotA hai ki vIra nirvANa saM0 1000 eka hajAra ke pazcAdvartI kAla meM bha0 mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM aneka aise zramaNa saMghoM kA udbhava, abhyutthAna evaM utkarSa huA jinhoMne jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko, zramaNa dharma kI maryAdAoM ko, tor3akara na kevala zramaNa dharma ke hI apitu jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko bhI AmUla-cUla parivattita kara usakA eka vikRta svarUpa loka ke samakSa prastuta kiyA / una naI zramaNa paramparAoM ke prAbalya ke pariNAmasvarUpa mUla zuddha zramaNa paramparA kA itanA adhika dukhada hrAsa huA ki vaha mUla paramparA antargravAhinI saritA kI taraha kSINa aura gauraNarUpa meM hI avaziSTa raha gii| jina madhyayugIna zramaNa paramparAoM ne jaina dharma ke vizuddha AdhyAtmika svarUpa meM bhautikatA kA, bAhayADambarapUrNa anuSThAnoM evaM karma kANDoM kA puTa dekara jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa meM parivartana kiyA, zAstra sammata vizuddha mUla zramaNAcAra meM paurohitya, cala acala sampatti saMgraha, bheMTa grahaNa, bhUdAna, dravyadAna, grAmadAna Page #82 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 24 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 Adi dAnoM kA AdAna aura loka samparka, rAja samparka Adi azAstrIya zithilAcAra kA puTa dekara paramparAgata mUla zramaNAcAra meM AmUlacUla parivartana kiyA aura jina paramparAoM ke pracAra-prasAra tathA prAbalya ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharma kA paramparAgata mahAna mUlasvarUpa dhamila ho gayA, vizuddha zAstrIya zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI mUla zramaNa paramparA kA pravAha atyanta kSINa manda aura gauraNa rUpa meM avaziSTa raha gayA una caitya vAsI, bhaTTAraka, yApanIya Adi paramparAoM kA yathAsthAna saMkSepa meM paricaya dene kA prayAsa kiyA jAvegA / jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa evaM zAstra sammata vizuddha zramaNa paramparA ke svarUpa meM AmUlacUla parivartana karane vAlI una sabhI paramparAoM kA paricaya prastuta karane se pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zramaNa paramparA ke vAstavika svarUpa kA saMkSipta paricaya karavAnA paramAvazyaka samajhakara usakA paricaya yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / Page #83 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka Arya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se Age kA itihAsa prastuta karane se pUrva itihAsapramiyoM kA dhyAna eka mahatvapUrNa tathya kI ora AkarSita karanA Avazyaka hai / vaha tathya yaha hai ki prArya sudharmA se prArya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 1000 taka jaina dharma-mUla paraMparA meM mUla pravAha meM hI calatA rhaa| usa eka hajAra varSa kI avadhi meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA caturvidha saMgha prabhu dvArA prarUpita jaina dharma ke adhyAtmaparaka evaM ahiMsAmUlaka mUla svarUpa kA hI upAsaka rahA / zramaNa --zramaraNI varga evaM zramaNopAsaka -zramaNopAsikA varga ke liye AgamoM meM jisa prakAra ke prAcAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usI ke anurUpa prAcaraNa evaM sAdhanA karatA huprA caturvidha saMgha eka do sAdhAraNa apavAdoM ko chor3a pUrNata: eka sUtra meM anuzAsita rUpa se calatA rahA / Arya mahAgirI ke svargastha hone ke anantara gaNoM evaM gacchoM kA pRthak astitva prArambha hone lgaa| parantu usa samaya ke dIrghadarzI prAcAryoM evaM zramaNoM ne una vibhinna ikAiyoM ke astitva ko mAnya karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ko sudIrghakAla ke liye ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha rakhane ke saduddezya se vAcanAcArya, yugapradhAnAcArya aura garaNAcArya jaise sAmanjasyakArI padoM kA sRjana kiyA / yaha aisI vyavasthA thI ki jisameM sva--para-kalyANa kI AdhyAtmika sparddhA ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI garaNa evaM gaccha saha-astitvapUrvaka apane-apane kSetra meM kArya karate hue apanA astitva svatantra ikAiyoM ke rUpa meM banAe rakha kara bhI jina zAsana ko abhivRddhi ke liye aniza nirantara prayatnazIla rahate hue sva tathA para ke kalyANa meM nirata rhe| una sabhI gaNoM evaM gacchoM meM se sarvocca evaM viziSTatama pratibhA ke dhanI zramaNa ko yugapradhAnAcArya pada para sarvasammati se niyukta karane kI vyavasthA kI gii| dharma ke abhyutthAna, pracAra, prasAra, saMrakSaNa, saMvarddhana tathA dharma ke zAstrokta mUla svarUpa evaM vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke saMrakSagA Adi se sambandhita nItiyoM ke viSaya meM yugapradhAnAcArya ke nirdezoM athavA AdezoM ko sabhI gaNoM evaM gacchoM ke prAcAryoM dvArA zirodhArya kiyA jAkara apane-apane zramaNa-zramaNI samUha se una AdezoM kA pAlana karavAyA jAnA anivArya rakhA gayA / isI prakAra AgamoM ke adhyayana ke liye sabhI gaNoM tathA gacchoM meM se chAMTa kara muyogyatama prAgamaniSNAta zramaraNazreSTha ko vAcanAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiye Page #84 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 26 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jAne kI vyavasthA kI gaI / sabhI gaNoM evaM gacchoM ke kuzAgrabuddhi muyogya zikSArthI sAdhu usa vAcanAcArya se AgamoM ko vAcanAe grahaNa krte| - Arya mahAgirI ke uttaravartI kAla se Arya devaddhigagi kSamA-zramaNa taka gaNAcAryoM ke sAtha-sAtha yUga pradhAnAcArya aura vAcanAcArya paramparA abAdha gati se nirantara niravacchinna rUpa se calatI rhii| isI kAraNa jaina dharma kA mUla svarUpa aura AgamAnusArI vizuddha mUla prAcAra bhI Arya devaddhigaraNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa kAla taka sucAru rUpeNa yathAvat banA rahA / isa prakAra kI samucita vyavasthA ke kAraNa gaNoM aura gacchoM kI anekatA ke uparAnta bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caturvidha saMgha kI ekatA akSuNNa banI rhii| anekatA meM ekatA kA yaha eka Adarza prayoga siddha huaa| yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM digambara saMgha, lagabhaga usI avadhi meM yApanIya saMgha aura vIra ni0 saM0 850 ke Asa-pAsa kI avadhi meM caityavAsI paramparA kA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thaa| kintu devaddhigariga kSamAzramaNa ke svargAroharaNa kAla taka ye sabhI saMgha apane-apane kSetra meM saha astitvapUrvaka kAryarata rhe| uparyukta 1000 varSa kI avadhi meM ina saba saMghoM meM paraspara koI ullekhanIya saMgharpa jaisI sthiti kA ullekha jaina sAhitya meM kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA / isa prakAra vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 1000 taka bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma saMgha jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa aura mula prAcAra kA upAsaka rahA, isakA pramukha kAraNa yahI rahA ki usa avadhi meM pUrva-jJAna ke vettA mahAn AcAryoM ke tapa-teja-jJAna aura adbhuta pratibhA sampanna varcasva ke kAraNa pAgama se bhinna prAcAra-vicAra vAlI paramparAe apanI jar3a nahIM jamA paaii| yadyapi Arya sudharmA se lekara prArya devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke samaya taka ko pRthak-pRthak kAlAvadhi meM nirgrantha saMgha saudharmagaccha, koTika gaccha, vanavAsI gaccha vasativAsI Adi nAmoM se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA, tathApi isakA mUla, nirgrantha rUpa usa 1000 varSa kI avadhi meM bhI akSuNNa banA rahA / aAja bhI jaina zramaNa 'nirgrantha' aura jainAgama 'nirgrantha pravacana' ke nAma se vikhyAta haiM / nirgrantha kA sIdhA sA artha hai granthi rahita / granthi do prakAra kI hai - dravya granthi aura bhAvagranthi / dravya granthi arthAt dhana-sampatti prAdi sabhI prakAra ke parigraha aura bhAvagranthi-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, mamatva prAdi kaSAya / jo ina donoM prakAra kI granthiyoM se rahita hai, usakA nAma hai . nirgrantha arthAt jaina shrmnn| una nirgranthoM ke prAcAra kA tathA prANImAtra ke kalyANamArga kA pratipAdana karane ke liye jina sUtroM-siddhAntoM va grAgamoM kI racanA kI gaI, ve nirgrantha pravacana kahalAye / Page #85 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 27 devaddhigaNi ke svargArohaNa kAla arthAt vIra ni. saM. 1000 taka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirgrantha-zramaNa apane pUrvadhara AcAryoM se anuzAsita mUla paramparA meM rahate hue nirgrantha pravacana meM pratipAdita jainadharma ke vizuddha AdhyAtmika mUlarUpa kI upAsanA aura vizuddha zramaraNAcAra kA pAlana karate rahe / yadyapi, jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai vIra ni. saM. 850 ke Asa-pAsa katipaya nirgrantha zramaNa nirgrantha pravacana meM pratipAdita zramaNocita pAcAra, AsthAoM aura ugra vihAra ko tilAMjali de apanI icchAnusAra caityoM-jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karavA kara unameM sthiravAsa-niyatavAsa karane ke sAtha hI sAtha aneSaNIya, akalpanIya, prAdhAkarmI AhAra bhI lene laga gaye the, tathApi mUla nirgrantha paramparA ke mahAn pratApI, AgamaniSNAta tyAgI, tapasvI, ugravihArI tathA prakANDa vidvAn pUrvadhara prAcAryoM kI vidyamAnatA evaM unake prabala prabhAva ke kAraNa ve nirgrantha pravacana se pratikUla prAsthA aura prAcAra vAle zithilAcArI caityavAsI apane 150 varSa ke athaka prayAsa ke uparAnta bhI jaina samAja ke mAnasa meM koI vizeSa sthAna athavA sammAna taba taka prApta karane meM asaphala hI rhe| devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke antima samaya taka jaina dharma kA zAstroM dvArA pratipAdita vizuddha AdhyAtmika mUla rUpa akSuNNa banA rahA aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra meM bhI kisI prakAra kA ullekhanIya antara nahIM pAyA kintu devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zramaNa-zramaNI saMgha kI hI nahIM apitu caturvidha saMgha kI, jainadharma ke mUla vizuddha AdhyAtmika svarUpa kI aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI bhI sthiti zanaiH zanai: ati dayanIya hotI gii| devaddhi ke svargArohaNa kAla taka nirgrantha pravacana meM pratipAdita jainadharma ke mUla svarUpa, mUla prAcAra, mUla AsthAoM evaM mAnyatAoM kA upAsaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha sumaMgaThita, sudRr3ha, tejasvI, bahujanamAnya tathA sabala thA aura caityavAsI saMgha nirbala, nagaNya evaM atyalpa jana-mAnya thA / parantu antima pUrvadhara Arya devaddhi ke svargastha hone ke uttaravartI kAla meM caityavAsI saMgha kA zanaiH zanaiH jora bar3hane lgaa| dhIre-dhIre eka samaya aisA AyA ki vaha caityavAsI saMgha sazakta, sudRr3ha, deza-vyApI evaM bahujanamAnya bana gayA aura jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa, vizuddha mUla zramaNAcAra kI mAnyatAoM evaM prAsthAoM kA upAsaka prabhU vIra kA mUla dharma saMgha nirbala, vighaTita aura atyalpa-janamAnya hotA calA gyaa| caityavAsiyoM ne aura unake pada cihnoM kA anusaraNa karate hae bhaTTArakoM, yApanIyoM aura zrIpUjyoM ne jaina dharma ke zAstrokta mUla svarUpa, AgamoM meM pratipAdita mUla zramaraNAcAra aura yahAM taka ki zrAddhavarga ke AcAra-vicAra aura dainika dharmakRtyoM taka meM svecchAnusAra nirgrantha pravacana kI bhAvanAoM ke pratikUla AmUlacUla parivartana kara dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko hI vikRta kara diyaa| unake ADambarapUrNa janamanaraMjanakArI AkarSaka abhinava vidhAoM, svecchAnusAra prakalpita AyojanoM kA janamAnasa para aisA prabhAva par3A ki sabhI ora sabhI vargoM ke loga Page #86 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 28 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 bhaTTAraka, yApanIya, caityavAsI aura zrIpUjyoM ke anuyAyI banane lage / zanaiH zanaiH ina cAroM saMghoM kA deza ke kone kone meM varcasva chA gayA aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI paripoSikA (zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI) mUla paramparA svalpatoyA nadI ke samAna kSINa aura antaH pravAhinI gauNa paramparA mAtra raha gaI / ina navodita zaktizAlI dravya paramparAoM kI gatividhiyoM kA kAryakalApoM kA-ghaTanAcakroM kA vyaurAlekhA-jokhA ukta avadhi meM pracura parimAraNa meM bhI huA aura surakSita bhI rahA / isake viparIta antaH pravAhinI, ukta avadhi meM gauNa banI, mUla paramparA kA lekhA-jokhA atisvalpa mAtrA meM hI upalabdha raha gyaa| zramaNa paramparA ke vAstavika svarUpa kA saMkSipta paricaya "duraNu caro maggo vIrANaM aniyaTTi gAmINaM" aisA AcArAMga sUtra meM prabhu mahAvIra dvArA kathita tathA "araNa puveNa mahAghoraM kAsaveraNaM paveiyA" isa sUtra kRtAMga meM variNata gAthA ke anusAra - bhagavAn kAzyapa-mahAvIra dvArA batAyA huA mArga apUrva evaM ghora hai| asidhArA para gamana tulya zramaNa dharma kA jIvana paryanta vizuddharUpeNa pAlana karanA vastuta: anupama sAhasI siMha tulya parAkrama vAle narasiMhoM kA kAma hai na ki kApuruSoM kaa| jaina dharma saMsAra ke samasta prANivarga kA parama hitaiSI aura saccI zAnti kA mArga batAne vAlA hai| jaina dharma kA zAbdika artha hai, jinadeva dvArA prarUpita dharma / jina kA artha hai rAga-dveSa ko jItane vAle aura dharma kA artha hai janma jarA, mRtyu ke athAha duHkhasAgara meM DUbate hae prANI ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, bacAne vaalaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki vItarAga, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, ghaTa-ghaTa ke antaryAmI jinendra deva dvArA prarUpita dharma kA nAma hai-- jaina dharma / pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasakAya-ina SaDjIvanikAyaprANIvarga kI hitakAmanA, kalyAraNa kAmanA karane vAle isa dharma kA bhI utanA hI virAT utanA hI mahAn honA svAbhAvika hai| jo dharma jitanA virAT hogA, usakA svarUpa bhI vastutaH utanA hI virAT utanA hI mahAn hogA, isameM koI do rAya nhiiN| aisI sthiti meM virATa jaina dharma ke virAT svarUpa kA yathAvat rUpeNa digdarzana karAnA bhI vastutaH utanA hI mahatvapUrNa hogaa| ataH yahAM jaina dharma ke svarUpa kI eka jhalaka mAtra prastuta kI jA rahI hai / agAdha karuNAsindhu jagadekabandhu jinendra prabhu mahAvIra ne apanI amogha divya vANI dvArA dharma kA saccA svarUpa evaM dharma kI mUla prAcAra paramparA kisa prakAra batAI hai, isakA thor3A ullekha karanA isa samaya upayukta hogA tAki Page #87 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddha kAla taka ] [ 26 satyAnveSI jijJAsutroM ko jainadharma kI bhAva paramparA evaM itihAsa ke isa kAla meM pravartita dravya paramparA kA antara jJAta ho sake / kevala jJAna - kevala darzana kI upalabdhi ke sAtha hI bhAvatIrthaMkara banane para prabhu mahAvIra ne catuvidha dharma tIrtha kI sthApanA karate samaya saMsAra ko sacce dharma kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA : " se bemi je aI, je ya paDuppannA, je ya zrAgamissA arahaMtA bhagavaMtA te savve evamAikkhati, evaM bhAsaMti, evaM paNNavinti savve bhUyA, savve jIvA, savve sattA, na haMtavvA, na ajjAveyavvA, na parighettavvA na pariyAveyavvA, na uddaveyavvA / esa dhamme suddha, niie, sAsae, samicca - loyaM kheyannehiM paveiye, jahA uTThiesu vA, araguTThiyesu vA uvaTThiesu vA zraraNuvaTThiesu vA uvaraya daMDesu vA aNuvaraya daMDe vA, sovahiesu vA praNovahiesu vA, saMjogaraesu vA, prasaMjogaraesu vA tacca ceyaM, tahA ceyaM prassiM ceyaM pavuccai "" arthAt - maiM yaha kahatA hUM ki atIta kAla meM jo arihaMta bhagavaMta ho cuke haiM, vartamAna kAla meM jo haiM, tathA AgAmI kAla meM jo hoMge, ve saba isa prakAra kahate haiM, isa prakAra pravacana karate haiM, isa prakAra prajJApita karate haiM aura isa prakAra prarUpaNA karate haiM- " saba prANI tIna vikalendriya, saba bhUta (vanaspati) saba jIva ( paMcendriya) aura saba sattvoM (pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu ke jIvoM) kA na mAranA cAhiye, na anya vyaktiyoM ke dvArA maravAnA cAhiye, na balAtkAra - balapUrvaka pakar3anA cAhiye, na paritApa denA cAhiye, na una para prAraNApahArI upadrava karanA cAhiye - yaha ahiMsA rUpa dharma hI zuddha dharma hai, zAzvata dharma hai, loka ke SaDjIvanikAya ke jIvoM ke duHkhoM kA vicAra kara khedajJa puruSoM ne ise samajhAyA hai| jaisA ki kahA hai- "jo vyakti dharma ko sunane ke liye udyata hai athavA anudyata hai, upasthita hai athavA anupasthita hai, mana, vacana, aura kAya rUpa daNDa se uparata hai athavA anuparata hai, una sabako yaha ahiMsAmUlaka dharma sudAnA cAhiye / kyoMki yaha dharma satya hai, mokSadAyaka hai / isameM ahiMsAmUlaka dharma kA avitatha evaM utkRSTa rUpa batAyA gayA hai / ahiMsA dharma ke rakSaNArtha SaTkAyika jIvoM ko hetu mAnA gayA hai / jaisA ki kahA hai --- "bhagavayA chajjIvaNikAyA heU paNNattA, taM jahA - puDhavIkAe, bhAukAe, taukAe, vAUkAe, varaNassaikAe, tasakAe / " dharmAdharma ke jJAna se zUnya loga krodha, lobhAdivaza yA dharma, artha evaM kAma hetu kabhI hiMsA karate haiM, jaina dharma hiMsA ke vibhinna kAraNa batAkara usako ahitakara aura abodha kA kAraNa mAnatA hai, jaisA ki AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA hai : Page #88 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 30 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 "tattha khalu bhagavayA pariNNA paveiyA, imassa ceva jIviyassa parivaMdaNa, mAraNaNa pUyaNAe jAi jarA maraNa moyagAe," .........."kohA, mAraNA, mAyA, lobhA, hAssa, ratI, aratI, soya, vedatthI, jIva kAmattha dhamma heusavasA, avasA, aTThA aNaTThAe hiMsaMti maMda buddhii|" isameM spaSTa rUpa se prabhu ne kahA hai-hiMsA cAhe artha, kAma yA dharma ke liye janma-jarA-mRtyu se chuTakArA arthAt mokSa prApti ke liye kI jAya, vaha ahita aura abodhi kI hI kAraNa hai| vaidika paramparA ne jaise yajJa kI hisA meM doSa nahIM mAnA, jaina dharma isa prakAra dharma kArya meM kI gaI hiMsA ko nirdoSa nahIM mAnatA / jaina zAstra meM saMgha rakSA ke lie kisI labdhi kI zakti kA upayoga karanA par3e to usake lie bhI AlocanA pratikramaNa dvArA zuddhi Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai / tIrthaMkara mahAprabhu dvArA pradarzita dharma ke isa sva-para kalyANakArI svarUpa ko sarvAtmanA sarvabhAvena pragAr3ha zraddhA aura niSThA ke sAtha hRdayaMgama kara mumukSu sAdhaka paMca mahAvrata rUpa zramaNa-dharma (pUrNa dharma) meM dIkSita hote aura usa samaya sarvaprathama pahale mahAvrata kI nimnalikhita pratijJA karate haiM : "paDhamaM bhaMte mahanvayaM paccakkhAmi, savvaM pAraNAivAyaM, se muhumaM vA bAyaraM vA paDikkamAmi nidAmi garihAmi appAraNaM vosirAmi / '' arthAta-he bhagavana ! prathama mahAvrata meM maiM prANAtipAta se sarvathA nivatta hotA huuN| cAhe sUkSma ho athavA bAdara, trasa ho yA sthAvara, kisI bhI jIva kA maiM na to svayaM prANAtipAta-hanana karUMgA, na dUsaroM se karavAUMgA aura na karane vAle kA anumodana hI kruugaa| he bhagavana ! maiM jIvana-paryanta tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se mana, vacana aura kAyA se, isa pApa se pIche kI ora kramaraNa karatA hUMpIche haTatA huuN| AtmasAkSI se isa pApa kI nindA karatA hUM, guru sAkSI se garhaNA karatA hUM tathA apanI AtmA ko hiMsA ke pApa se pRthak karatA huuN| . hiMsA nahIM karane va na karAne kA phala kisI bhI prANI ko kisI bhI prakAra kA alpa athavA adhika saMtApa pahuMcAne para, usakI hiMsA karane para, use kisa prakAra kA kaSTa hotA hai, usako svAnubhUti ke rUpa meM anubhava karane kA upadeza dete hue prabhu ne pharamAyA hai ki pratyeka vyakti sadA-sarvadA apane anubhava se isa bAta ko soce : "yadi koI vyakti DaMDe se, muSTikA se, asthi se, Dhele se, IMTa ke Tukar3e se athavA ThIkare se mujhe mAratA hai, pITatA hai, aMgulI Adi dikhAkara bhaya utpanna ' bhAcArAMga sUtra, zra. 2, pra. 15 (bhAvanA adhyayana) Page #89 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 31 karatA hai, kor3e Adi se tAr3anA karatA hai, saMtApa pahuMcAtA hai, kleza utpanna karatA hai athavA kisI prakAra kA upadrava karatA hai, yahAM taka ki, yadi koI merA eka roma bhI ukhAr3atA hai, to maiM usa hisAkArI duHkha ko bhayajanaka anubhava karatA huuN|" isI prakAra apane anubhava ke AdhAra para pratyeka vyakti ko sadaiva yaha bhalI-bhAMti samajhanA cAhiye ki sabhI prAraNa-bhUta-jIva evaM sattva bhI DaNDe Adi se pITe jAne para, Ahata kiye jAne para, dhamakAye jAne para, azana-pAna ko rokakara paritapta kiye jAne para, satAye athavA udvigna kiye jAne para, yahAM taka ki eka bAla ke ukhAr3ane para bhI duHkha kA anubhava karate hai / jaise tAr3ana-tarjana Adi se mujhe duHkha hotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra anya prANiyoM ko bhI duHkha hotA hai| yaha bhalIbhAMti jAnakara, samajhakara kisI bhI prANa-bhUta-jIva evaM sattva ko na kabhI mAranA cAhiye, na kisI anya dvArA maravAnA cAhiye, na balapUrvaka pakar3anA cAhiye, na paritApa denA cAhiye aura na una para kisI prakAra kA prANApahArI athavA duHkhaprada upadrava ho karanA cAhiye / jaisA ki AcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai :na dharma hetuvihitApi hiMsA, notsRSTamanyArthamapodyate ca / svaputraghAtAd nRpatitvalipsA, ___sa brahmacArisphuritaM pareSAm / / 11 / / syAdvAda maMjarI / / hisA karane vAle aura prANa-bhata-jIva evaM sattva kI hisA kA upadeza karane vAle saMsAra kI vibhinna yoniyoM meM chedana-bhedana prApta karate, vividha vedanAoM aura kaSToM ko anubhava karate hue anAdi ananta caturgatika saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kreNge| jaisA ki kahA hai : ___tattha raNaM je te samaNA mAhaNA evamAikkhaMti jAva parUveMti-- savve pAraNA jAva savve sattA haMtavvA....... te Agantu cheyAe....... jAva te prAgaMtu jAi jarA maraNa joriNajammaNa"......... bhajjo bhUjjo apariyaTTissaMti"...."raNo bujhissaMti jAva No savva dukkhAraNaM aMta karissaMti, esa tulaa....|'' isa prakAra jAna kara medhAvI puruSa svayaM paTakAya ke jIvoM ko hiMsA kare nahIM. karavAve nahIM, karane vAle ko bhalA mamajhe nhiiN| jimako paTakAya ke jIvoM ko himA kA yaha rUpa jJAta hai, vahI parijAtakarmA muni hai / jaisA ki kahA hai :... "taM pariNAya mehAvI, gaNeva sayaM chajjIvariNakAya-satthaM samAraMbhejjA, savaNNehi chajjIvagigakAya-satthaM samAraMbhAvejjA, rovaNaNe chajjIvariNakAya-satthaM samAraMbhaMte samaNujANejjA / ''2. ' mUtra kRtAMga, pra0 1 prAcArAMga, a0 1, 1-9 Page #90 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 32 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- bhAga 3 carAcara nikhila prAgivarga ke sacce mitra prabhu mahAvIra ne sabhI bhavyoM ko hiMsA se, para-pIr3AkAraka kAryoM se bacate rahane kA upadeza dete hue pharamAyA : "savvepANA piyAuyA, muhamAyA, dukkha paDikUlA, appiyavahA, piyajIviNo, jIviukAmA, savvesi jIviyaM piyaM......... . / ' arthAt-maba prANiyoM ko jIvana priya hai, sabhI jIva sukha kI abhilApA rakhate haiM, duHkha sabako pratikala hai, aniSTa hai / sabhI prANiyoM ko vadha apriya aura jIvana priya hai| sabhI prAgagI jIvana kI kAmanA karane vAle haiM, sabhI jIvoM ko jIvana priya hai / ata: prANivadha ko bhayaMkara samajhakara nigraMtha isakA parivarjana karate haiN| jaisA ki kahA hai :-- savve jIvA vi icchaMti, jIvina marijjiu / tamhA pANivahaM ghoraM, niggaMthA vajjayaMti NaM / / dazavakA0 // 6 // isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI spaSTa rUpeNa SaTjIvanikAya ke prArambhasamArambha se vijJoM ko pRthak rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai : . eehi chahi kAhi taM vijjaM prijaanniyaa| maNasA kAya vakkeNaM, gAraMbhI Na pariggahI / / ' arthAt vidvAn puruSa ina chahoM jIva-nikAyoM ko 'jJa' parijJA se jAna kara pratyAkhyAna parijJA dvArA inake prArambha samArambha kA mana, vacana aura kAyA se tyAga kreN| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke puNDarIkAdhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo ye trasa eva sthAvara prANI haiM, unakA jo svayaM prArambha-samArambha nahIM karatA hai, dUsaroM se prArambha-samArambha nahIM karavAtA aura na dUsare prArambha-samArambha karane vAloM kA anumodana hI karatA hai, vaha sAdhu dAruNa duHkhadAyI karmabandha se nivRtta ho jAtA hai, zuddha saMyama meM sthita hotA aura pApa me parinivRtta ho jAtA hai| vaha mUla pATha isa prakAra hai : ___"se bhikkha jo ime tasa thAvarA pAraNA bhavaMti-te raNo saya samAraMbhaI, go aNNehi samAraMbhAveI, aNNa samAraMbhaMte vi Na samagujANai-iti se mahatA AdANAo uvasaMte uvaTThiye paDivirate / / isake viparIta pRthvI apa, tejas, vAyu, vanaspati aura prasa... ina chaH jIva ' sUtra kRtAMga, zra.0 1,06, gA06 sUtra kRtAMga, puNDarIkAdhyayana / Page #91 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvAraNa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 33 nikAyoM ke Arambha samArambha dvArA prANi hiMsA karate, isI prakAra dUsaroM se prArambha samArambha karavAte, prANihiMsA karavAne vAle tathA dUsaroM dvArA kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kA anumodana karate, ve dharmAdhyakSa-dharmopadezaka apanI AtmA kA tathA dUsaroM kA uddhAra nahIM kara sakate, apitu ve sudIrgha kAla taka saMsAra meM aneka prakAra ke duHkha bhogate hue bhaTakate rahate haiM / isa tathya ko sUtra kRtAMgasUtra meM eka rocaka rUpaka dvArA bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se samajhAyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai :-- " eka bar3I hI manohara puSkariNI hai / vaha athAha jala aura pragAdha kIcar3a se bharI hai / puSkariNI meM prati sundara aura manohArI sugandhayukta aneka zveta kamalapuSpa haiM / usa puSkariNI ke bIcoMbIca eka bar3A hI nayanAbhirAma priyadarzI, surabhi evaM rasayukta padmavara puNDarIka hai / pUrva dizA se eka puruSa usa puSkariNI ke pUrvIya taTa para AtA hai / puSkariNI ke madhyabhAga meM sthita zreSTha evaM sundara zveta kamala ko dekhakara usakA mana lAlAyita ho uThatA hai / usa zveta kamala ko lene ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha vaha pUrva dizA se AyA huA vyakti puSkariNI meM praveza kara usa padmapuNDarIka kI ora bar3hatA hai / vaha puruSa puNDarIka taka nahIM pahuMca pAtA, taTa aura puNDarIka ke bIca meM hI gahare kIcar3a meM phaMsa kara hilane-Dulane meM bhI asamartha ho duHkhI ho jAtA hai / usI samaya dakSiNa dizA se dUsarA puruSa usa puSkariNI ke taTa para prAyA / usane padmavara puNDarIka aura pUrva dizA se Aye hue puruSa ko kIcar3a meM phaMsA dekhA, to usane kahA - "yaha puruSa akuzala hai, padmavara puNDarIka ko lenA nahIM jAnatA, isIliye kIcar3a meM phaMsa gayA hai / para maiM kuzala- tatvajJa hUM, zrama karanA jAnatA hU~ / maiM isa zveta kamala ko avazya prApta kruuNgaa|" apane isa dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha vaha bhI puSkariNI meM utarA, para taTa tathA zveta kamala ke bIca pahuMcate-pahuMcate vaha bhI prati gahana kIcar3a meM burI taraha phaMsa gayA aura pazcAttApa karane lagA / tadanantara pazcima dizA se tIsarA puruSa puSkariNI ke pazcimI taTa para AyA / vaha bhI paMka meM phaMse donoM puruSoM kI AlocanA, grAtmazlAghA evaM padmavara puNDarIka ko lene kA saMkalpa karane ke pazcAt usa puSkariNI meM praviSTa huA / vaha tIsarA puruSa bhI puNDarIka aura taTa ke bIca usa puSkariNI ke gahare paMka meM aisA phaMsA ki eka Daga bhI Age pIche athavA dAyeM, bAyeM hilane-Dulane meM asamartha ho gayA / vaha bhI apane kiye para pachatAne lagA / " usI samaya cauthA puruSa uttara dizA se usa puSkariNI ke uttarI taTa para phuNcaa| usane bhI padmavara puNDarIka ko prApta karane ke prayAsa meM mArga meM hI kIcar3a Page #92 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 meM phaMse hue una tInoM puruSoM ko akuzala tathA apane Apako dakSa evaM sakSama batAte hae usa puNDarIka ko prApta karane kI abhilASA se usa pRSkariNI meM praveza kiyA, para vaha bhI zveta kamala taka nahIM pahuMca sakA, taTa aura padmavara puNDarIka ke bIca meM hI puSkariNI ke ghora daladala meM phaMsa gyaa| kucha hI kSaraNoM ke anantara pAMcavAM puruSa--eka sAdhu kisI dizA athavA vidizA se puSkariNI ke pAsa pahuMcA / vaha chaH kAya ke jIvoM ke prArambha-samArambha kA tyAgI, rAga-dveSa se rahita aura mumukSu thaa| usane bhI padmavara puNDarIka ko tathA usake lene ke prayAsa meM gahana kIcar3a ke bIca phaMse hue cAra puruSoM ko dekhA / usane kahA:-"ye cAroM hI puruSa puNDarIka ko prApta karane kI abhilASA se sahasA puSkariNI meM praviSTa ho gaye aura kIcar3a meM phaMsa gaye / vastutaH ye akuzala haiN| ye satpuruSoM dvArA prAcarita mArga ko binA jAne hI isa paMkapUrNa puSkariNI meM praviSTa ho gaye haiN| vAstava meM ye tatvajJAnavihIna aura puNDarIka ko prApta karane kI vidhi se anabhijJa haiN| maiM puNDarIka ko prApta karane kI vidhi jAnatA huuN| isa sundara zveta kamala ko maiM avazya hI prApta karUgA / para inake samAna meM isa sarovara meM praveza nahIM karUMgA, kIcar3a meM nahIM phNsuugaa| maiM isa puSkariNI ke daladalapUrNa jala se dUra rahakara hI isa padmavara puNDarIka ko prApta kruugaa| isa prakAra kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara usa mumukSu sAdhu ne usa puSkariNI ke taTa para khar3e raha kara hI usa padmavara puNDarIka ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - "he padmavara puNDarIka ! Upara uTho, isa kIcar3a aura jala se Upara uTho aura idhara A jaao| usa sarva bhUta-hita meM nirata aura rAga-dveSa rahita sAdhu ke prabhAvapUrNa udbodhaka vacana ko sunakara padmavara puNDarIka tatkSaNa puSkariNI ke daladala ko chor3akara taTa para khar3e usa sAdhu ke caraNoM meM A phuNcaa|" .. puNDarIka ke isa rUpaka ke mAdhyama se prabhu ne batAyA ki caudaha rajjU pramANa isa loka (saMsAra) rUpI puSkariNI meM vibhinna prakAra kI jIva-yoni ke jIva rUpI kamala tathA mAnava rUpI puNDarIka kamala bhare haiM / saMsAra rUpI puSkariNI ke karmarUpI jala ke kAraNa jIva rUpI kamala vividha yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiN| ve saMsAra rUpI puSkariNI ke kAma-bhoga rUpI kIcar3a meM phaMse rahate haiN| cAroM dizAoM se Aye hue puruSa vastutaH ahiMsAmUlaka dharma se anabhijJa, anya tIthika akuzala dharmopadeSTA haiM / ve saMsArI prANiyoM ke uddhAra kA dambha bharate hae svayameva saMsAra rUpI puSkariNI ke kAma-bhoga rUpI kIcar3a meM phaMsa jAte aura ananta kAla taka duHkha pAte haiN| __ saMsAra rUpI puSkariNI kA taTa dharma-tIrtha hai| pAMcavAM puruSa vastutaH kisI bhI kUla se zramaNadharma meM dIkSita sAdha hai| vaha SaT jIvanikAya ke prArambha-samArambha kA tyAgI arthAt trikaraNa-triyoga se sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA kA parityAgI aura Page #93 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra dirvAraNa se devaddha-kAla taka ] [ 35 tIrthaMkaroM dvArA batAye hue dharmamArga para calane vAlA rAga-dveSa rahita mumukSu hai / vaha dharmatIrtha para hI sthita evaM saMsAra rUpI puSkariNI ke kIcar3a rUpI kAma-bhogoM (viSaya- kaSAyoM se dUra raha kara padmavara puNDarIka ke samAna puNyazAlI bhavya jIvoM ko vItarAgavANI kA zabda upadeza sunAtA hai / upadeza dvArA unheM puSkariNI ke taTa rUpI dharmatIrtha para Ane ke liye AhnAna karatA hai| saMsAra rUpI puSkariNI ke karma rUpI jala evaM viSaya kaSAya evaM kAma-bhoga rUpI kIcar3a se una bhavyoM ko bAhara nikAla kara Upara uThane mokSa prApta karane kI preraNA detA hai / isa rUpaka ke dvArA yahI batAyA gayA hai ki SaTjIvanikAya ke ArambhasamArambha se hone vAlI sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA ke tyAgI hI ahiMsAmUlaka dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa kA upadeza dekara svayaM mukta hone ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM ko mukta kara sakate haiM / yaha hai jaina dharma kA zAzvata mUla svarUpa / isake prathama digdarzana meM hI SaTjIvanikAyoM ke prArambha samArambha ke tyAga kA aura vizvabandhutva evaM prANivAtsalya kA kitanA spaSTa upadeza, nirdeza va mArgadarzana hai| tIrthaMkara prabhu mahAvIra kA yaha upadeza, yaha nirdeza aura yaha mArgadarzana vastutaH anivAryarUpeNa pratyeka zramaNa ke liye jinAjJA ke rUpa meM zirodhArya tathA pratyeka jaina ke liye yathAzakya prAcaraNIya evaM pUrNataH zraddhaya honA cAhiye / jo sAdhaka jainadharma ke isa svarUpa ko hRdayaMgama kara jinezvara ke upadeza ko AjJA ke rUpa meM zirodhArya kara apane sAdhanA - jIvana meM jisa anupAta se usakA pAlana karatA hai, vaha usI anupAta se apane karmabandhanoM ko kATatA hai| isake viparIta jo sAdhaka isa mUla svarUpa se bhinna AcaraNa athavA upadeza karatA hai, vaha bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM sudIrgha kAla taka bhaTakatA rahatA hai / ina donoM hI prakAra kI avasthAoM meM sAdhaka ko milane vAle phaloM kA spaSTa rUperaNa citraraNa karane vAlA eka bar3A hI sAragarbhita udAharaNa mahAnizItha meM upalabdha hotA hai / usakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : "ananta pratIta pUrva huNDAvasarpiNI kAla meM prasaMyatI-pUjA nAmaka prAzcarya huA / usake prabhAva se sarvatovyApI zithilAcAra ke saMkrAntikAla meM bhI paMca mahAvratadhArI kuvalayaprabha nAmaka eka AcArya ne ghorAtighora apayaza ko to saharSa svIkAra kara liyA parantu rakSaNIya prANAtipAta viramaNa rUpa apane prathama mahAvrata meM kisI bhI prakAra kA doSa nahIM Ane diyA | sarvatovyApI ghora zithilAcAra ke yuga meM zithilAcArI caityavAsiyoM ne AcArya kuvalayaprabha kI alaukika pratibhA, viziSTa tyAga - vairAgyapUrNa jIvana aura tapazcaryA kA anucita lAbha uThAne kI abhilASA se unase prArthanA kI- "bhagavan ! yadi Apa hamAre isa kSetra meM prAgAmI cAturmAsika avadhi meM virAjeM to Apake upadeza se aneka bhavya navya jinAlayoM kA nirmANa ho sakatA hai / " mahAnizItha kA vaha mUla pATha isa prakAra hai : Page #94 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 "jahANaM bhayavaM ! jai tumamihaI ekkavAsArattiyaM cAummAsiyaM paujiyaMtANamicchAe aNege ceiyAlage bhavaMti guNaM tujjhANattIe / tA kIrau aNuggahamamhANaM iheva caaummaasiyN|" ___ bhavabhIru prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ne vicAra kiyA- "maiMne jinaprarUpita AgamAnusAra paMca mahAvratoM ko aMgIkAra kiyA hai / sarvavidha prANAtipAta-viramaNa rUpa prathama mahAvrata aMgIkAra karate samaya maiMne pRthvI, apa, tejas, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa-kAya-ina SaTjIvanikAyoM ke prArambha-samArambha rUpa prANAtipAta kA tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se jIvanaparyanta sarvathA tyAga kiyA hai| jinAlayoM ke nirmANa meM ina sabhI SaTa jIvanikAyoM kA prArambha-samArambha honA avazyaMbhAvI hai / jinAlayoM ke nirmANa kA upadeza denA to dUra, yadi maiMne vacana mAtra se bhI nirmANa kArya kA anumodana kara diyA to maiM apane prathama mahAvrata kA bhaMga kara dUgA aura usa mahAvrata bhaMga ke ghora pApa ke pariNAmasvarUpa maiM ananta kAla taka janmajarA-maraNa aAdi asahya duHkhoM se paripUrNa bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM bhaTakatA rhuuNgaa|" aisA vicAra kara kuvalayaprabha prAcArya ne una zithilAcArI caityavAmiyo ke prArthanApUrNa prastAva ko asvIkAra karate hae kahA--"bho bho piyavAe ! jai vi jiNAlaye, tahAvi sAvajjamiNaM, pAhaM vAyamittaNaM pi prAyarijjA / " arthAt- "he priyavAdiyo ! yadyapi tuma jinAlayoM ke nirmANa kI bAta kaha rahe ho, tathApi yaha kArya sAvadya karmayukta hai--doSapUrNa hai, ata: maiM vacanamAtra me bhI isa prakAra kA AcaraNa nahIM karUMgA-isa prakAra ke sAvadya kArya meM kisI bhI taraha kicitmAtra bhI bhAgIdAra nahIM banUgA / " __ prAcArya kuvalayaprabha kA upayukta kathana pAra pAcaraNa-donoM hI zuddha siddhAnta ke anusAra aura mUla AgamoM meM pratipAdita jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa ke anurUpa the| aise ghora sakrAntikAla meM, jisa samaya cAroM ora pAgamaviruddha AcAravitrA vAle zithilAcAriyoM-caityavAsiyoM kA bolabAlA ho, usa samaya zithilAcAriyoM ke sudRr3ha gar3ha meM, unake sammukha bharI sabhA meM unakI AzAvallarI para tupArApAta tulya evaM unake astitva ko hI cunautI dene jaisI AgamAnusArI jaina dharma ke svarUpa kI bAta kahanA vastuta: bar3e hI sAhasa kA kArya thA, pravacana ke prati utkaTa bhakti kA anupama udAharaNa thaa| jinavAraNI kA yathAtathya rUpeNa nirUpaNa kara jina-pravacana ke prati prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ne jo utkaTa bhakti pradazita kI, usake sambandha meM mahAnizIthakAra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai : Page #95 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devadi-kAla taka ] [ 37 "evaM ca samayasAraparaM tattauM jahaTThiyaM, avivarIyaM, NIsaMkaM, bhaNamANeNa tesiM. micchadiTThI liMgINaM sAhuvesa dhArINaM majhe goyamA ! AsakaliyaM titthayaranAmakammagoyaM teNaM kuvalayapabheNaM ekabhavAvasesI ko bhavoyahI / " arthAta-isa prakAra vItarAga arhata prarUpita zAstra ke parama sArabhUta tathya ko una mithyAdRSTi kevala veSa aura nAmadhArI sAdhuoM ke samakSa niHzaMka bhAva se prastuta karate hue usa AcArya kuvalayaprabha me tIrthakara nAma karma kA upArjana kara saMsAra ko mAtra eka bhavAvaziSTa hI kara diyaa| una zithilAcArI caityavAsiyoM ne prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ke isa AgamAnusArI kathana ko apane kalpita dharma-svarUpa para vajAghAta tulya samajha kara ruSTa ho AcArya kuvalayaprabha kA nAma sAvadhAcArya rakha diyA aura sarvatra unakA vahI nAma prasiddha kara diyaa| yaha to huA jaina dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ke anurUpa AcaraNa aura prarUparaNa kA phala / isake viparIta jaina dharma ke svarUpa kA, jina pravacana kA vAstavikatA se bhinna viparIta prarUpaNa kA phala bhI mahAnizItha meM batAyA gayA hai| usa ullekha kA saMkSipta sAra isa prakAra hai : kAlAntara meM sAdhuoM dvArA mandiroM ke nirmANa aura jIrNoddhAra ke prazna ko lekara unhIM zithilAcArI caityavAsiyoM meM paraspara vivAda utpanna ho gyaa| usake nirNaya ke lie unhoMne usI sAvadyAcArya ko bulAyA / unake sthAna para sAvadhAcArya ke Ane para bhAvAveza meM eka prAryA ne saba ke samakSa sAvadhAcArya ko vaMdana karate hue unake caraNoM kA apane mastaka se sparza kara liyaa)| sAvadyAcArya ne una caityavAsiyoM ke samakSa AgamoM kA vAcana prArambha kiyA |ekdaa zAstravAcana ke samaya - kA gAna kA jatthitthI kara pharisaM, aMtariya kAraNe vi uppanne / arahA vi karejja sayaM, taM gacchaM mUla guNaM mukkaM / / / arthAt - jisa gaccha meM kisI viziSTa kAraNa ke upasthita ho jAne para bhI yadi svayaM tIrthaMkara bhI srI kA sparza kare to vaha gaccha mUla guNa se rahita hai / isa gAthA ko chor3a dene yA dUsarA hI artha karane kA vicAra kuvalayaprabha ke mana meM pAyA para dIrgha kAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karane kI apekSA apayaza sahana kara unhoMne gAthA kA vAstavika artha sunA diyaa| isa gAthA kA artha batAte samaya caityavAsiyoM ne prAryA dvArA kiye gaye Page #96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 38 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 unake caraNa-sparza kI ghaTanA ko yAda dilAte hue kuvalayaprabha se kahA- "isa taraha to Apa bhI zramaNa ke mUla guNa se rahita haiM !" kuvalayaprabha baDe asamaMjasa meM par3a gye| unhoMne socA-ye loga pahale hI merA nAma sAvadhAcArya rakha cuke haiN| aba to ye loga merA bure se burA nAma rakha kara mujhe tiraskRta kreNge| bahuta soca-vicAra ke pazcAt kuvalayaprabha ne tiraskAra evaM apayaza se Dara kara apavAda mArga kA sahArA lete hue kahA "egante micchattaM, jiNANa ANA annegntaa|" arthAt-tIrthaMkara prabhu kI AjJA utsarga aura apavAda-ina do mUla AdhAroM para avasthita hai| ekAnta kA nAma hI mithyAtva hai / jinezvaroM kI AjJA to anekAnta hai| (isa prakAra jinavacana ke artha kI anyathA rUpa se prarUpaNA kara unhIM kuvalayaprabha ne ati ghora karmoM kA bandhana kara liyA aura vaha caudaha rajju pramANa loka meM nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya Adi duHkhapUrNa vividha yoniyoM meM ananta kAla taka bhaTakatA rahA / tevIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke zAsana kAla meM vaha kuvalayaprabha kA jIva mahAvideha kSetra meM jAkara mukta huaa| AgamoM ke uparilikhita ullekhoM se yaha spaSTataH pramANita ho jAtA hai ki jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kA sthAna sarvopari hai| jaina AgamoM meM ahiMsA ko "bhagavatI ahiMsA" ke nAma se bhagavan tulya sammAnAspada saMbodhana se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai aura arihaMta prabhu ke samAna "dIvottAraNaM saraNa gai paiTThA" jaise uccatama vizeSaNoM se ahiMsA bhagavatI kI stuti kI gaI hai / AgamoM meM ahiMsA ko saMsAra ke samasta prANisamUha ke liye mamatA mayI mAM kI goda, pyAsoM ke liye pAnI, bhUkhoM ke lie bhojana aura rogiyoM ke liye auSadhi se bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa batAyA gayA hai| adhika kyA kahA jAya, jainadharma kA bhavya bhavana ahiMsA kI AdhAra zilA para avasthita hai / yadi koI vyakti jaina dharma ke bhavya bhavana kI aAdhArazilA ahiMsA ko isake nIce se khisakAne, kiMcit mAtra bho idhara-udhara karane athavA use tila. mAtra bhI khaNDita karane kA prayAsa karatA hai, to usakA vaha prayAsa isa bhavya bhavana ko hI bhUluMThita karane ke tulya hogA / yaha hai jainadharma ke virAT mUla svarUpa kI eka jhalaka / vIra nirvANa pazcAt prabhu ke prathama paTTadhara sudharmA svAmI ke samaya se prabhu ke 27 veM paTTadhara Arya devadbhigaNi kSamAzramaNa svargArohaNa kAla taka Page #97 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devadi-kAla taka ] .. [31 kI eka hajAra varSa kI avadhi meM jaina dharma kA yahI sva-para hitAvaha evaM vizvakalyANakArI sanAtana svarUpa hI akSaNNa rUpa se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caturvidha saMgha meM paramopAsya evaM paramArAdhya rahA / ukta eka hajAra varSa kI avadhi meM jaina dharma ke uparivariNata zAzvata sanAtana svarUpa kI hI taraha prabhu mahAvIra ke zramaNa-zramaNI varga kA prAcAragocara bhI jaisA zAstroM meM varNita hai, usI prakAra kA vizuddha aura akSuNNa rahA / sudharmA svAmI ke prAcAryakAla se devaddhi ke prAcArya kAla taka kisa prakAra kA vizuddha zramaNAcAra rahA aura devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke.svargastha hone ke anantara caityavAsiyoM ne usa zramaNAcAra meM svecchAnusAra AmUlacUla parivartana kara kisa prakAra use vikRta banA diyA, donoM meM prAkAza-pAtAla kI taraha kisa prakAra kA ghora antara rahA hai, isakA sahaja hI pratyeka jijJAsu ko bodha ho sake isa dRSTi se devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke prAcAryakAla taka akSuNNa rahe vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA svarUpa yahAM saMkSepa meM digdarzita kiyA jA rahA hai / jaina zramaNa kA mUla prAcAra dazavakAlika sUtra ke 'mahAcAra' nAmaka chaThe adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirgrantha paramparA ke zramaNa-zramaNI varga ke sAdhvAcAra kA atIva sundara rUpa se sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA gayA hai| zrata-cAritra rUpa dharma evaM mokSa ke abhilASI nirgrantha zramaraNoM ke samagra prAcAra ko karmarUpI zatrunoM ke liye bhayaMkara tathA kAyaroM ke liye durdhara batAte hae usameM kahA gayA hai ki muktipatha para nirantara agrasara hote rahane kI utkRSTa abhilASA vAle jana zramaNoM kA prAcAra aisA unnata aura duSkara hai ki usa prakAra kA prAcAra jina-zAsana ke atirikta anyatra-anya mata-matAntaroM meM na to kabhI atIta kAla meM rahA hai, na vartamAna meM hai aura na bhaviSya kAla meM kabhI kahIM rahegA hii| (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ye paMca mahAvrata aura chaThA rAtri-bhojana-- tyAga rUpa vrata, ina chaH vratoM kA pAlana karanA, pRthvIkAya, apakAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya aura trasakAya ina chaH jIvanikAyoM kI rakSA karanA, akalpanIya padArthoM ko kabhI grahaNa na karanA, gRhastha ke pAtra meM bhojanapAnAdi nahIM karanA, palaMga para na baiThanA, gRhastha ke Asana para na baiThanA, kabhI snAna na karanA aura zarIra kI zobhA-sajjA kA tyAga karanA-ye sAdhu AcAra ke aThAraha sthAna haiN| ye aThArahoM sthAna pratyeka sAdhu ke liye anivArya rUpeNa pAlanIya haiN| cAhe koI sAdhu bAlaka ho athavA vRddha, svastha ho athavA asvastha, sabhI sAdhuoM ko sabhI avasthAoM meM ina sabhI aThAraha sthAnoM kA-ina aThAraha guNoM kA akhaNDa - deza virAdhanA aura sarva virAdhanA se rahita evaM nirdoSa rUpa se pAlana karanA caahiye| Page #98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 40 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 jo sAdhu ina 18 sthAnoM meM se yadi kisI eka sthAna kI bhI virAdhanA karatA hai to vaha sAdhutva se phisalA mAnA jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kevala jJAna kevala darzana se dekhA ki prAraNI mAtra para dayA rUpI hiMsA ananta mukhoM ko dene vAlI hai / isIliye svayaM prabhu mahAvIra ne ( sAdhu ke 15 sthAna rUpa ) sAdhvAcAra ke ina aThAraha sthAnoM meM sarvaprathama sthAna hiMsA vrata ko diyA hai / - 2) caudaha rajju parimAraNa - sampUrNa loka meM jitane bhI trasa athavA sthAvara prANI haiM, unameM se kisI bhI prAraNI ko jAna-bUjhakara athavA pramAdavaza anajAnapana meM na kabhI svayaM mAre, na kisI dUsare se usakI ghAta karavAye aura na una jIvoM meM se kisI jIva ko mArane vAle kA anumodana hI kare / yaha ananta zAzvata sukhoM ko dene vAlA vizvakalyANakArI evaM sarvotkRSTa pahalA grahiMsA mahAvrata hai / saMsAra kesa aura sthAvara sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM / unameM se koI eka bhI jIva maranA nahIM cAhatA / isIliye chahoM jIva kAyoM ke pratipAlaka nirgrantha jaina zramaNa bhavabhramaNa karAne vAlI mahA bhayaMkara jIva- hiMsA kA jIvana paryanta sarvathA tyAga karate haiM / yaha grahamA sAdhu kA sabase bar3A aura sabase pahalA sAdhvAcAra hai / jaina zramaraNoM ke grAcAra kA dUsarA sthAna arthAt sAdhu kA dUsarA guNa mRSAvAda - viramagA hai / sAdhu apane svayaM ke liye athavA kisI dUsare ke liye kAMdha mAna, mAyA, lobha athavA bhayavaNa kabhI kisI para pIr3AkArI mRpAvAda - grasatya bhASaNa na kare, na dUsaroM se atRta bhASaNa karavAye aura na asatya bhASaNa karane vAle kA anumodana hI kare / saMsAra meM sabhI mahApuruSoM ne mRpAvAda ko nindita batAyA hai, kyoMki bhaTa bolane vAle kA kabhI koI vizvAsa nahIM karatA / isIliye grasatya bhASaNa kA pUrNarUpeNa sarvathA tyAga karanA caahiye| yaha jaina zramagA kA dUsarA mahAtrata hai / sAdhu ke pracAra kA tIsarA sthAna hai adattAdAna viramaraNa / isa tIsare sthAna ko grasteya aura acaurya bhI kahate haiN| koI bhI sAdhu kisI bhI sacetana ( ziSyAdi ) athavA pracetana (vastra - pAtrAdi), bahumUlya athavA alpa mUlya vAlI kisI bhI vastu ko yahAM taka ki dAMta kuredane ke tinake taka ko bhI, usa vastu ke svAmI kI prAjJA liye binA na svayaM grahagA kare, na kisI dUsare se grahagaNa karavAye aura na pradatta vastu ko grahaNa karane vAle kisI dUsare kA hI anumodana kareM / nirgrantha bhramaNa ke pracAra kA cauthA sthAna hai - prabrahma viramaraNa maithuna tyAga arthAt brahmacaryaM / cAritra bhaMga ke kAraNabhUta sabhI prakAra ke AyatanoM sthAnoM athavA kAryoM se sadA dUra rahane vAle pApabhIru muni, vastutaH narakAdi prati dAruNa duHkhadAyI durgatiyoM meM DAlane vAle, pramAdotpAdaka aura mahA duHkhadAyI pariNAma . Page #99 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvAraNa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 41 vAle brahma arthAt maithuna kA jIvana paryanta kabhI sevana nahIM karate / vAstava meM brahmacarya adharma kA mUla aura sabhI doSa samUhoM kI khAna hai, isIliye nirgrantha sAdhu maithuna kA sarvathA tyAga karate haiM / (sAdhu ke pracAra kA pAMcavAM sthAna hai aparigraha / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zAzvata sukha pradAyinI vAraNI meM anurakta rahane vAle zramaNa ghI, tela, bir3a - lavara - vizeSa, gur3a Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke padArtha ke saMgraha karane aura rAtri meM bAsI rakhane kI icchA taka nahIM karate / saMgraha lobha ke prabhAvavaza hI kiyA jAtA hai, saMgraha lobha kA hI paricAyaka hai ataH tIrthakaroM ne kahA hai ki yadi kadAcit, kisI bhI samaya koI sAdhu, saMgraha karanA to dUra kintu saMgraha karane kI icchA bhI karatA hai to vaha sAdhu vastutaH sAdhu nahIM gRhastha hI hai / nirgrantha zramaNa vastra, pAtra, kambala, rajohara Adi zAstrokta dharmopakararaNa bhI kevala saMyama ke nirvAha evaM lajjA kI rakSA ke lie hI anAsakta bhAva se dhAraNa karate aura unakA upabhoga karate haiM / prANimAtra ke rakSaka prabhu mahAvIra ne anAsakta bhAva se vastra, pAtrAdi ke rakhane hi parigraha nahIM kahA hai / unhoMne to mUrcchAbhAva arthAt Asakti ko parigraha kahA hai / mahapi sudharmA svAmI ne apane ziSya jambU se aisA hI kahA hai / tatvajJa muni vastutaH saMyama sAdhanA meM sahAyaka vastra, pAtrAdi upakaraNa eka mAtra saMyama kI rakSA ke liye hI rakhate haiM, na ki mUrcchA bhAva se / kyoMki tatvajJa sAdhu vastra, pAtrAdi upakaraNoM kI bAta to dUra, apane zarIra para bhI mamatva nahIM rakhate / I ( zramaraNoM ke pracAra kA chaThA sthAna hai- rAtri bhojana kA sarvathA tyAga karanA / sabhI jJAnI puruSoM ne kahA hai ki kevala saMyamanirvAha ke lie jIvana paryanta dina meM kevala eka bAra hI bhojana karanA aura rAtri bhojana kA sadA ke lie tyAga karanA --- yaha zramaNoM kA pratidina kA nitya niyata bahuta bar3A tapa hai / saMsAra meM bahuta se trasa aura sthAvara jIva itane sUkSma hote haiM ki ve rAtri meM dikhAI nahIM dete| aisI sthiti meM una sUkSma jIvoM kI rakSA karate hue rAtri meM AhAra kI zuddha eSaraNA karanA kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai / kyoMki bhUmi para rahe hue kIr3e-makor3e Adi prANiyoM ko, (sacitta jala, sacita jala mizrita AhAra, pRthvI para mArga meM gRhAMgana meM. pAkazAlA Adi meM bikhare hue bIja athavA vIjAdi se mizrita athavA saMsakta AhAra kA ) dina meM to dekha kara una prANiyoM kI rakSA kI jA sakatI hai, ( usa sadoSa aneSaNIya AhAra peyAdi ko grahaNa karane ke doSa se bacA jA sakatA hai / ) parantu rAtri meM una prANiyoM kI rakSA karate hue na to calA hI jA sakatA hai aura na sadoSa nirdoSa AhAra- pAnIya kA bhI nizcaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra ina prANihiMsA aura AtmavirAghanAkAraka doSoM ko dekha kara sarvajJa sarvadarzI jJAtaputra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA ki nirgrantha muni cAra prakAra ke AhAra meM se kisI bhI prakAra kA AhAra rAtri meM na kareM / Page #100 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 42 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 isa prakAra ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ye pAMca mahAvrata aura rAtri-bhojana tyAga rUpa chaThA vrata-ye zramaNAcAra ke chaH sthAna hue| nirgrantha zramaNa mana, vacana evaM kAyA rUpa tIna yogoM se aura kRta, kArita tathA anumodanA rUpa tIna karaNa se pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA na svayaM kare, na dUsaroM se karavAye aura na pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA karane vAloM kI anumodanA hI kareM / jo vyakti pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA karatA hai, vaha pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA karate samaya pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ke sAtha sAtha pRthvIkAya ke Azrita, cakSutroM se dikhAI dene vAle aura cakSuoM se dikhAI nahIM dene vAle aneka prakAra ke trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai| isI kAraNa sAdhu ke liye yaha paramAvazyaka hai ki naraka Adi durgatiyoM meM bhaTakAne vAle ina doSoM ko jAnakara vaha jIvana-paryanta pRthvIkAya ke samArambha kA pUrNa-rUpeNa tyAga kre| yaha zramaNAcAra kA sAtavAM sthAna (arthAt zramaNa kA sAtavAM guNa) hai / / sAdha apakAya (jalakAya) ke jIvoM kI tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se na svayaM hiMsA kare, na dUsaroM se karavAye aura na karane vAloM kI anumodanA hI kre| apakAya kI hiMsA karane vAlA vyakti tadAzrita aneka prakAra ke cAkSuSa evaM acAkSuSa trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai / ataH ina doSoM ko durgativarddhaka jAna kara sAdhu jIvana-paryanta apakAya ke samArambha kA tyAga kareM / yaha zramaNAcAra kA AThavAM sthAna hai| zramaNAcAra kA nau vAM (vAM) sthAna hai agnikAya ke jIvoM kI tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se kadApi hiMsA na karanA) isa navama sthAna meM batAyA gayA hai ki sAdha apane jIvana meM agni prajvalita karane kI kadApi icchA taka na kare kyoMki yaha mahA pApakArI kArya hai| agni ko prajvalita karane kA kArya lohe ke sabhI prakAra ke vinAzakArI zastrAstroM kI apekSA atyadhika ghAtaka aura tIkSNa hai / sabhI prANiyoM ke liye isako sahana kara lenA atyanta duSkara hai| kyoMki agni dazoM hI dizAoM meM rahe hue jIvoM ko jalA kara bhasma kara sakatI hai / isameM kiMcitmAtra bhI sandeha nahIM ki agni prANiyoM ke liye bhISaNa saMhArakAriNI hai / ataH sAdhu prakAza ke liye athavA zIta nivAraNa Adi kAryoM ke liye agni kA kiMcitmAtra bhI Arambha na kare / durgativaddhaka ina saba doSoM ko jAna kara sAdhu jIvana-paryanta tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se agnikAya ke samArambha kA tyAga kreN| / zramaNa ke prAcAra kA dasavAM sthAna hai vAyukAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se tyAga karanA / tIrthaMkaroM ne vAyukAya ke prArambha-samArambha Page #101 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 43 ko bhI agnikAya ke prArambha ke samAna ghora pApapUrNa jAnA aura mAnA hai / ataH SaTkAya ke pratipAlaka muniyoM ko vAyukAya kA samArambha kadApi nahIM karanA cAhiye na to muni svayaM tAla ke paMkhe vA patta e se athavA vRkSa ko hilA kara apane Upara havA karanA cAhate haiM, na kisI dUsare se havA karavAnA cAhate haiM aura na havA karane vAle kI anumodanA hI karate haiM / sAdhu ke pAsa jo vastra, pAtra, kambala, rajoharaNa Adi saMyamopakaraNa haiM unase bhI ve vAyu kI udIraNA nahIM karate / ve ina saMyamopakararaNoM ko isa prakAra yatanApUrvaka dhAraNa karate haiM, jisase ki vAyu kAya kI virAdhanA na ho / isaliye naraka Adi durgatiyoM meM bhaTakAne vAle ina doSoM ko jAnakara sAdhu jIvana paryanta vAyukAya ke samArambha kA tyAga kare / nirgrantha zramaNa ke pracAra kA 11vAM sthAna hai-tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se vanaspatikAya kI na svayaM hiMsA karanA, na dUsare se vanaspatikAya kI hiMsA karavAnA aura na hiMsA karane vAle kA anumodana hI karanA nirgrantha zramaNa ke pracAra ke 12 veM sthAna meM batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhu tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se jIvana paryanta na to svayaM kAya kI hiMsA kare, na dUsare se karavAye aura na karane vAle kA anumodana hI kreN| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki sa kAya kI hiMsA karane vAlA vyakti trasa kAya ke prAzrita cAkSuSa aura acAkSuSa aneka prakAra ke trasa aura sthAvara prANiyoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai / isaliye naraka Adi durgatiyoM ke varddha ke ina doSoM ko jAnakara sAdhu jIvana paryanta sakAya ke samArambha kA tyAga kare | zramaNAcAra ke 13 veM sthAna meM AhAra, zayyA, vastra aura pAtra Adi ye cAra padArtha kalpanIya hoM tabhI lene kA aura yadi ye sAdhu ke liye akalpanIya hoM to unheM grahaNa nahIM karane kA nirdeza hai / nitya Amantrita karake diyA jAne vAlA piNDa, sAdhu ke liye mola liye hue, sAdhu ke nimitta banAye hue, aura sAdhu ke lie sAmane lAyeM hue AhAra, zayyA, vastra aura pAtra Adi padArtha sAdhu ke lie akalpanIya evaM agrAhya haiM / jo sAdhu isa prakAra ke akalpanIya AhAra Adi cAra padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, usake sambandha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki vaha sAdhu una padArthoM ke nirmANa meM huI hiMsA kI anumodanA karatA hai / isIliye saMyama meM susthira evaM sudRr3ha aura dharmapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta karane vAle jaina zramaraNa vastutaH sAdhu ke lie kraya kiye hue, sAdhu ke nimitta banAye hue, sAdhu ke lie sammukha lAye hue evaM pUrvAmantraNa ke sAtha diye jAne vAle AhAra, pAnI Adi ko kadApi grahaNa nahIM karate hue saMyama kA yathA vidhi vizuddha rUpa se pAlana karate haiM / + zramaNAcAra ke 14veM sthAna meM nirdeza hai ki sAdhu gRhastha ke bhAjana - kAMsI X Page #102 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ w] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pItala Adi ke (bane kisI bhI) pAtra meM kabhI AhAra pAnI na kre|) yadi vaha gRhastha ke pAtra meM bhojana-pAna karatA hai to vaha AcAra dharma se bhraSTa mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki tIrthaMkara prabhu ne kevala jJAna dvArA dekhA hai ki gRhastha ke pAtra meM sAdhu ke bhojana karane para sAdhu ke saMyama kI virAdhanA hotI hai| gRhastha ke jisa pAtra meM sAdhu ne bhojana Adi kiyA ho usa pAtra ko gRhastha sacitta jala se dhoyegA, usase apkAya kI hiMsA hogI, una pAtroM ke dhoye hue pAnI ko gRhastha ayatanApUrvaka idhara-udhara girAyegA, usase bahuta se trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA hogii| (usa hiMsA ke pApa kA bhAgI sAdhu bhI hogA) isa prakAra gRhastha ke pAtra meM sAdhu dvArA bhojana kiye jAne kI dazA meM sAdhu ko pazcAt karma aura puraH karma doSa lagane kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai, ataH jaina muni ko gRhastha ke baratana meM kadApi bhojana nahIM karanA caahie| zramaNAcAra ke pandrahaveM sthAna meM sAdhu ke lie nirdeza hai ki tIrthaMkara prabhu kI AjJA kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNa vetra (beMta) Adi se bane palaMga, kursI, khATa, pIr3ha, rUI kI gaddI, masanada aura ArAmakursI para na to baiThe aura na soyeM hI, kyoMki yaha sAdhunoM ke lie anAcaraNIya evaM anAcAra svarUpa hai / / uparyukta prakAra ke palaMga Adi meM gahare chidra hone ke kAraNa unameM rahe beindriya Adi prANiyoM kA pratilekhana honA kaThina haiM / ina saba doSoM ko dekhate hue muni ko isa prakAra ke palaMya Adi kA sadA sarvadA ke lie tyAga karanA cAhie / nia pa zramaNa ke AcAra ke solahaveM sthAna meM madhukarI hetu bhramaNa karate hue sAdhu ko gahastha ke ghara para baiThane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / gRhastha ke ghara para baiThane se sAdhu ko doSa lagane kI sambhAvanA ke sAtha-sAtha mithyAtva kI prApti hotI hai / isake atirikta gRhastha ke ghara para baiThane se sAdhu ke brahmacarya mahAvata ke naSTa hone, prANiyoM ke vadha se saMyama ke dUSita hone, cAritra para sandeha, gRhastha ke prakopa aura bhIkha mAMgane ke lie Ae hae bhikhArI ko bhikSA meM antarAya kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / bhikSAcarI ke lie gayA hayA sAdhu yadi gahastha ke ghara para baiThatA hai to sAdhu ke brahmacarya kI rakSA nahIM ho sakatI, striyoM ke vizeSa saMsarga ke kAraNa brahmacarya vrata meM zaMkA utpanna ho sakatI hai| ataH kuzIla ko bar3hAne vAle isa sthAna ko zramaNa dUra se hI pUrNataH parivarjita kara de| hAM, jarAbhibhUta, roga-grasta aura tapasvI -- ina tIna prakAra ke sAdhuoM meM se kisI bhI sAdhu ko kAraNavaza gRhastha ke ghara para baiThanA kalpatA hai, arthAt zArIrika nirbalatA Adi ke kAraNa jarAjarjarita, rogI athavA tapasvI sAdhu mUrchA Adi ke kAraNa gRhastha ke ghara para vivazatA kI sthiti meM baiTha sakatA hai| 'jaina sAdhu ke prAcAra meM satrahavAM sthAna - (sAdhu ke satrahaveM guNa ke rUpa meM) yAvajjIvana asnAna nAmaka ghora vrata hai / isa vrata meM sAdhu ke lie yAvajjIvana snAna Page #103 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 45 kA pUrNa rUpeNa niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isa vrata meM batAyA gayA hai ki koI bhI sAdhu cAhe vaha rogI ho athavA niroga - yadi snAna karane kI icchA karatA hai to vaha mAdhvAcAra se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai aura usakA saMyama malina ho jAtA hai| kyoMki khAra vAlI polI bhUmi meM aura phaTI huI darAroM vAlI bhUmi meM sUkSma prANisamUha hote haiM, ataH yadi sAdhu uSNa jala se athavA zItala jala se snAna karatA haiM to una jIvoM kI hiMsA honA avazyaMbhAvI hai / isa prANivadha ke doSa ko jAnakara zuddha saMyama kA pAlana karane vAlA sAdhu ThaNDe athavA uSNa jala se kabhI snAna nahIM kare / jIvana paryanta vaha grasnAna nAmaka ghora vrata kA pAlana kare / saMyamI zramaNa ko snAna, candanAdi kA vilepana, lodha, padmaparAga-kuMkuma kesara grAdi sugandhita dravyoM kA apane zarIra para mardana, vilepana Adi kadApi nahIM karanA cAhie / zramaNAcAra kA antima aura graThArahavAM sthAna, zramaNa ke aThArahaveM guraNa ke rUpa meM - jIvana - paryanta zarora kI zobhA vibhUSA - sAja-sajjA kA tyAga rUpI duzcara tapa hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki nagna arthAt jinakalpI athavA pramANopapeta vastra rakhane vAle sthavirakalpI, dravya aura bhAva donoM hI rUpa se muNDita, bar3he hue nakha evaM keza vAle tathA pUrNa rUpeNa upazAnta viSaya-vAsanA vAle sAdhu ko zarIra kI zobhA, sAja-sajjA tathA zrRMgAra se koI prayojana nahIM honA cAhie / [zrapane zarIra kI sAja-sajjA, vibhUSA, zRMgAra Adi dvArA zobhA bar3hAne se sAdhu ko aise ghora cikane karmoM kA bandha hotA hai, jisase vaha janma, jarA, mararaNa ke bhaya rUpI jala se zrota-prota bhayAvaha aura prati dustara saMsAra sAgara meM gira par3atA hai / zarIra kI sAja-sajjA, zrRMgAra vibhUSA zrAdi dvArA zobhA bar3hAne sambandhI saMkalpa - vikalpoM ko jJAnI puruSa cikane karmabandha kA kAraNa aura pApa-puraMjoM kI utpatti kA hetu mAnate haiM, ataH chahoM jIva nikAya ke rakSaka - trAtA muniyoM ko apane zarIra kI zobhA - vibhUSA kA mana meM vicAra taka bhI nahIM karanA cAhie / zramaraNAcAra ke ina aThAraha sthAnoM kA yathAvat pAlana karane vAle, jIva aura ajIva Adi tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa ke jJAtA, satraha prakAra ke saMyama ke pAlaka, moha-mamatva rahita, ArjavatA ( saralatA) Adi guraNoM se vibhUSita aura bAraha prakAra ke tapa meM rata rahane vAle nirgrantha muni pUrvakRta pApa karmoM ko vinaSTa aura navIna pApakarmoM kA bandha nahIM karate hue apanI AtmA para lage kaSAya Adi mala ko pUrNa rUpeNa naSTa kara dete haiM / isa prakAra ke sarvadA upazAnta, moha-mamatA vihIna, niSparigrahI, adhyAtma vidyA ke upAsaka evaM anuSThAtA, yazasvI, zarad pUrNimA ke candramA ke samAna nirmala muni samasta karmoM kA pUrNa rUpeNa kSaya karake siddha gati ko prApta karate haiM athavA kucha karma avaziSTa rahane para vaimAnika devoM meM utpanna hote haiM / yaha hai zaradapUriMgamA ke pUrNa candra sI dugdha-dhavalA, svaccha, accha, vimala Page #104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 46 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 aura samujjvala cAMdanI ke samAna usa vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA zAzvata, sanAtana svarUpa, . jisakA anAdi kAla se vizvezvara, vizvabandhu, jagadaikatrAtA tIrthaMkara prabhu tIrthapravartana ke samaya bhavyoM ko digdarzana karAte Aye haiM aura jisakA pAlana prArya sudharmA ke prAcAryakAla se bharatakSetra ke isa avasarpiNIkAla ke antima pUrvadhara Arya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke prAcArya kAla taka akSuNNa rUpa se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNoM dvArA pAlana kiyA jAtA rahA hai| dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUla svarUpa meM parivartana kA eka prati prAcIna ullekha zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM prabhu ke prathama paTTadhara sudharmA svAmI ke prAcAryakAla (vIra ni0saM0 1) se 27 veM paTTadhara devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNakAla (vIra ni0saM0 1000) taka dharma aura zramaNAcAra kA jo vizuddha mUla svarUpa akSuNNa rahA, zAstrIya AdhAra para saMkSepa meM usakA sArabhUta digdarzana karAyA jA cukA hai| - dharma aura prAcAra ke usa mUla svarUpa meM kaba aura kina paristhitiyoM meM kisa prakAra kA parivartana pAyA, isa prakAra kI jijJAsA kA pratyeka vijJa vicAraka ke mana meM utpanna honA nitAnta sahaja svAbhAvika hI hai / aisI sthiti meM yaha Avazyaka haiM ki vIra ni0saM0 1000 se uttaravartI kAla kA jaina itihAsa prastuta karane se pUrva dharma aura prAcAra ke mUla svarUpa meM Aye parivartana ke sambandha meM pramANa purassara kucha prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jAya / isase pratyeka pAThaka kI jijJAsA bhI zAnta hogI aura Age ke itihAsa ke aneka ulajhana bhare tathyoM kI pRSThabhUmi ko samajhane meM bhI itihAsapremI pAThakoM aura vicArakoM ko paryApta sahAyatA milegii| dharma ke mUla svarUpa aura mUla zramaNAcAra meM parivartana kina paristhitiyoM meM hotA hai, isako bhalI bhAMti hRdayaMgama karAne vAlA eka ati prAcIna kAla kA ullekha mahAnizotha meM upalabdha hotA hai / parivartana ke anurUpa paristhiti ke sAthasAtha mahAnizItha ke usa pAkhyAna meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki una paristhitiyoM meM dharma ke mUla aura zramaNAcAra ke mula svarUpa meM kisa prakAra kA parivartana prAtA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra ke dazaveM sthAna meM daza AzcaryoM kA jo ullekha hai, unameM bhI isa prakAra ke parivartana kI paristhiti aura kAraNoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai, para vaha Agama kA mUla pATha vastutaH sAragarbhita sUtra ke rUpa meM ati saMkSipta hai| mahAnizItha ke usa ullekha meM usa zAstrIya ullekha ke anurUpa hI aneka tathyoM para acchA prakAza par3atA hai, ataH mahAnizItha ke usa uddharaNa kA avikala hindI rUpAntara yahAM diyA jA rahA hai : Page #105 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 47 "bhagavAn mahAvIra ... "he gautama ! isa RSabhAdi caubIsI se anantakAla pUrva atIta meM jo eka anya caubIsI huI thI, usameM mere samAna hI sAta muNDa hAtha ke zarIrotsedha vAle, saMsAra ke liye AzcaryasvarUpa, devendroM dvArA vandita evaM saMsAra meM sarvottama dharmazrI nAmaka cauvIsaveM tIrthaGkara the| unake tIrthakAla meM sAta Azcarya ghaTita hue / una dharma zrI tIrthaGkara ke nirvANa ke pazcAt kAlAntara meM asaMyatoM kI pUjA satkAra karavAne vAle Azcarya kA pravAha prArambha huA / usameM gatAnugatika lokapravAha ke kAraNa mithyAtva doSavazAt bahasaMkhyaka janasamUha ko asaMyatoM kI pUjA meM anurakta jAna kara zAstra ke marma se anabhijJa tathA trividha mada se vimugdhamatI nAmadhArI prAcAryoM evaM mahattaroM ne apane-apane zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se dhana le le kara apanI apanI icchAnusAra saikar3oM stambhoM se suzobhita caityAlaya banavAye aura ve gahita kulakSaNoM vAle 'yaha merA hai, yaha merA hai' yaha kahate hue una caityAlayoM meM rahane lage / ve una caityAlayoM meM nivAsa kara apane bala, vIrya, pauruSa, parAkrama ko bhulA kara bala-vIrya-puruSAkAra-parAkrama ke svayaM meM vidyamAna hote hue bhI ghora abhigrahoM evaM aniyata-apratihata vihAra kA parityAga kara zithila ho, saMyamAdi kI zUddhi se pIche kI ora haTakara, iha loka tathA paraloka ke apavAda kI upekSA karate hue dIrghakAla taka saMsAra meM bhaTakanA svIkAra kara una maThoM, devAlayoM meM mamatva mUrchAbhAva se vimugdha evaM ahaMkAra se abhibhUta ho, svayameva puSpa-mAlAdi se devArcana karane lage / unhoMne samasta Agama-zAstra ke sArabhUta sarvajJoM ke isa vacana ko bahuta dUra eka ora phaika diyA, jo isa prakAra hai :-- "saba jIvoM ko, saba prANiyoM ko, saba bhUtoM ko, saba satvoM ko na to mAranA cAhiye, na saMtApa pahuMcAnA cAhiye, na paritApa pahuMcAnA cAhiye, na baddha-avaruddha karanA cAhiye, na unheM virAdhanA pahuMcAnI cAhiye, na kaSTa pahucAnA cAhiye aura na udvega hI pahacAnA cAhiye / jo bhI sUkSma, jo bhI bAdara, jo bhI trasa, jo bhI paryAptA, jo bhI aparyAptA, jo bhI sthAvara, jo bhI ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya athavA jo bhI paMcendriya prANI haiM, unheM ekAntataH na mArA jAya aura na saMtApa Adi pahaMcAyA jAya, yaha sunizcita hai aura hai satya-tathya / usI prakAra vAyu, agni Adi ke samArambha ko muni saba bhAMti, saba prakAra se sadAsarvadA vajita kare / yahI dharma dhra va arthAt aTala hai, zAzvata hai, nitya hai aura yahI dharma khedajJoM-sarvajJoM ne samasta lokoM ke liye batAyA hai, pravedita kiyA hai|" gautama :- "he prabho! jo koI sAdha athavA sAdhvI, nigrantha athavA aNagAra dravyastava karatA hai, use kyA kahA jAtA hai ? " bha0 mahAvIra :-- "he gautama ! jau koI sAdhu, sAdhvI athavA nirgrantha aNagAra dravya-stava karatA hai, vaha ajayI, asaMyata, devabhogI, devArcaka aura yahAM taka ki unmArgagAmI, zIla ko dUra pheMkane vAlA, kuzIla athavA svacchandAcArI kahA jAtA hai|" Page #106 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 4] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 "he gautama ! isa prakAra anAcAra meM pravRtta hue una AcAryoM ke bIca meM marakatamaNi ke samAna dehakAntivAle kuvalayaprabha nAmaka eka mahAtapasvI praNagAra the| vaha praNagAra jIvAdi tatvoM ke gUr3ha jJAna tathA zAstroM ke talasparzI jJAna se sampanna the| use saMsAra sAgara kI vibhinna jIva yoniyoM meM utpanna ho bhaTakane kA bar3A bhaya thaa| yadyapi vaha samaya sarvathA, saba prakAra se dharmatIrtha athavA jinapravacana kI mAsAtanA karane vAle prAcaraNa kA yuga athavA kAla thA tathApi bahasaMkhyaka svadharmiyoM meM pravartamAna usa prakAra ke asamaMjasakArI anAcAra kI sthiti meM bhI vaha tIrtharoM kI prAjJA ke viparIta koI kArya nahIM karatA / ... .........." gautama ! isa prakAra vicaraNa karatA huA, vaha aNagAra eka dina sadA eka hI niyata sthAna (maTha-devAlaya) meM rahane vAle una logoM ke AvAsa sthAna meM maayaa|"..... .. .... .... ........... "gautama ! kuvalayaprabha ko anyatra vihArArtha udyata dekhakara una kulakSaNa sampanna, liMgopajIvI, prAcArabhraSTa, unmArgagAmI, zithilAcAriyoM ne usa aNagAra se kahA-"bhagavan ! yadi Apa hamAre yahAM eka cAturmAsika varSAvAsAvadhi taka raheM to pApakI prAjJA se sahaja hI aneka caityAlaya bana jAyeM / ata : Apa yahIM cAturmAsa karane kI hama para kRpA kreN|" "gautama ! yaha sunakara usa mahAnubhAva kuvalayaprabha ne kahA- "he priyabhASiyoM! yadyapi tuma jinAlayoM kI bAta kaha rahe ho, tathApi yaha sAvadya arthAt pApaparNa kArya hai, ataH maiM to vacanamAtra se bhI isa prakAra kA AcaraNa nahIM kruuNgaa| una mithyASTi, veSamAtra se sAdhu kahe jAne vAle veSadhAriyoM ke bIca meM niHzaMkabhAva se siddhAnta ke sArabhUta tatva ko yathAvat aviparIta rUperaNa kahate hue he gautama ! usa kuvalayaprabha araNagAra ne tIrthaMkara nAma karma gotra kA upArjana kara bhavasAgara ko eka bhavAvaziSTa mAtra kara liyA / " "usa samaya vahAM ke saMgha meM eka bAta ko pakar3a kara, usI kA punaH punaH pralApa karane vAle ati vAcAla logoM kA jamaghaTa thaa| una pApabuddhi veSadharoM evaM unake upAsakoM ne anargala pralApa ke sAtha-sAtha aTTahAsa karate hue paraspara eka mata ho, eka-dUsare ke karatala para tAlIdAna pUrvaka durabhisaMdhi kI aura usa mahA tapasvI kuvalayaprabha kA nAma sAvajjAyariya (sAvadyAcArya) rakha diyaa| isa prakAra vANI aura karNa-paramparA se usakA yaha sAvadyAcArya nAma hI sarvatra prasiddha ho gayA / " "gautama ! isa prakAra ke aprazasta-apazabda se sambodhita athavA pukAre jAne para bhI vaha kuvalayaprabha kiMcitmAtra bhI kupita nahIM huaa|" "kAlAntara meM eka dina, saddharma se parAGmukha, sAgAra evaM aNagAra-donoM hI Page #107 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 46 prakAra ke dharma se bhraSTa, veSamAtra se pravajita una durAcAriyoM meM paraspara Agama sambandhI vicAra-vinimaya hone lagA ki zrAvakoM ke abhAva meM zramaNa hI nutana maThoMdevAlayoM kA nirmANa tathA kSati-grasta maTha-devAlaya Adi kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyeM aura anyAnya jo bhI karaNIya kArya haiM, unakA niSpAdana kreN| isa prakAra ke nirmANa aura jIrNoddhAra ke kArya karane vAle sAdhu ko bhI kisI prakAra kA doSa lagane kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| una logoM meM se katipaya kahane lage ki kevala saMyama hI mokSa meM le jAne vAlA hai, jabaki unameM se anya loga kahane lage-"prAsAda-maNDana, pUjA, satkAra, bali vidhAna Adi se tIrtha kA utthAna hotA hai aura tIrtha kA utthAna karanA hI mokSagamana hai|" isa prakAra tatvajJAna se anabhijJa pApAcArI, jise jo sAdhya thA athavA jise jo acchA lagA, usI kA ucca svaroM meM ucchaM khalatA-uddaNDatApUrvaka pralApa karane lage aura unakA vivAda saMgharSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara gyaa| unameM koI zAstra kA marmajJa nahIM thA, jo yukta athavA ayukta para vicAra kara pramANa prastuta karatA / paraspara eka-dUsare para doSAropaNa karate hue unameM se katipaya loga kahane lage ki amuka-amuka loga amuka-amuka gaccha ke anuyAyI haiN| kucha loga kahane lage-"tuma amuka-amuka loga amuka-amuka gaccha ke mAnane vAle ho / " antatogatvA unhIM meM se kucha logoM ne kahA- "isa prakAra ke nirarthaka vitaNDAvAda se koI niSkarSa nahIM nikalane vAlA hai, isa viSaya meM sAvadhAcArya kA nirNaya hama sabake liye prAmANika hogaa|" una saba ne isa bAta para svIkRti pradAna karate hae kahA-"aisA hI ho, sAvadhAcArya ko zIghrAtizIghra bulAyA jaay|" "tadanantara gautama ! una logoM ne saMdezavAhaka bheja kara usa sAvadhAcArya ko bulavAyA / sudUrastha pradeza se apratihata vihAra karatA huA sAvadhAcArya sAta mAsa meM una logoM ke yahAM phuNcaa| vahAM eka sAdhvI ne ati kaThora ghora tapazcaraNa se zoSita tathA asthicarmamAtrAvaziSTa zarIra vAle evaM tapasteja se daidIpyamAna sAvadhAcArya ko jyoMhI dekhA, tyoMhI usakA antaHkaraNa Azcarya se otaprota ho gayA aura vaha mana hI mana vicArane lagI- "aho ! kyA yaha mahAnubhAva kahIM sAkSAt prarihanta athavA mUrtimAna dharma hI to nahIM haiM ! adhika kyA kahA jAya devendroM se vandita mahApuruSoM dvArA bhI inake caraNayugala vandanIya haiN|" isa prakAra vicAra kara parA bhakti vazAt bhAva-vibhora ho AdakSiNA-- pradakSiNA kara vaha sahasA apane zira se usake pAdayugala kA saMsparza karatI huI sAvadyAcArya ke caraNoM meM gira par3I / gautama ! usa AryA dvArA sAvadhAcArya ko kiye gaye usa praNamana ko una durAcAriyoM ne dekha liyaa|" "taduparAnta una durAcAriyoM dvArA abhivandita hotA huA vaha sAvadhAcArya jisa prakAra tIrthaMkaroM ne upadeza diyA thA, usI prakAra guru se prApta upadeza ke Page #108 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 50 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 anusAra unheM nityaprati anukramaza : sUtroM ke artha kA vyAkhyAna sunAne lagA / ve loga bhI usakA usI prakAra zraddhAna karane lge| isa prakAra sUtrArtha kA vyAkhyAna karate karate gyArahoM aMga aura caudaha pUrva rUpI dvAdazAMgI zra tajJAna kA navanIta tulya sArabhUta, sakala pApapuja kA parihAra evaM pAThoM karmoM kA samUla nAza karane vAlA tathA gaccha kI maryAdA kA pravartaka mahAnizItha zru taskandha kA yahI pAMcavAM adhyayana vyAkhyAna ke prasaMga meM AyA / gautama ! isa paMcama adhyayana kI vyAkhyA karate samaya yaha gAthA AI : jasthitthikara-pharisaM aMtariya kAraNe vi uppanne / arahA vi karejja sayaM, taM gacchaM mUla guNa mukkaM / / arthAt-- jisa gaccha meM kisI viziSTa kAraNa ke upasthita hone kI dazA meM bhI yadi svayaM tIrthaMkara bhI strI kA sparza kare to vaha gaccha mUla guNarahita hai / " / "gautama ! isa gAthA ke Ane para vaha sAvadyAcArya sazaMka evaM udvigna ho socane lagA--"yadi maiM isa gAthA kA yathAvat vAstavika artha batAtA hUM to usa AryA ne vandana karate samaya jo apane mastaka se mere pairoM kA sparza kiyA thA, vaha ina sabhI logoM ne dekhA thA ataH jisa prakAra pahale ina logoM ne merA nAma sAvadyAcArya rakha diyA thA, usI prakAra aba bhI mudrAMkana tulya merA koI aura bhI aprazasta nAma rakha deMge, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa maiM sarvatra apUjya ho jaauuNgaa| yadi maiM sUtrArtha ko yathArtha se bhinna kisI aura hI rUpa meM batAtA hUM to usase to pravacana kI bar3I bhArI AsAtanA hogI / aisI dazA meM aba mujhe yahAM kyA karanA cAhie? kyA maiM isa gAthA ko binA artha kiye yoM hI chor3a dU athavA isakA bhinna rUpa se artha kara dU? hAya hAya ! ye donoM hI kArya ucita nahIM haiM, kyoMki Atma-kalyANa cAhane vAloM ke liye ye donoM hI kArya atyanta ghaNAspada haiN| ataH siddhAnta meM yaha spaSTataH kahA gayA hai ki jo bhI sAdhu dvAdazAMgI rUpI zra tajJAna ke kisI pada, akSara, mAtrA aura yahAM taka ki eka bindu ko bhI kahIM kabhI bhUla, skhalanA, pramAda, AzaMkA athavA bhayavazAt chor3a de, chUpA de, yathArtha se bhinna rUpa meM prarUpaNA kare, sUtrArtha kA saMdigdha rUpa meM vyAkhyAna kare athavA anuyoga kA vihita vidhi se viparIta vidhi meM vyAkhyAna kare to vaha sAdhu anantakAla taka saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahegA / to bhale hI aba jo kucha bhI honA hai, vaha ho jAya, para maiM to sUtrArtha kA usI rUpa meM vyAkhyAna karUgA, jaisA ki usakA vAstavika artha hai aura jaisA ki maiMne apane guru se sunA hai|" "gautama ! isa prakAra kA nizcaya kara usane isa gAthA ke pratyeka zabda evaM pratyeka pada kI pUrNata: vizuddha evaM yathArtha rUpa meM vyAkhyA krdii| gautama ! usI samaya una duSTa evaM aziSTa lakSaNa lAMchita logoM ne kahA-"yadi isa gAthA kA Page #109 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 51 yaha artha hai to tuma bhI mUla guNa-vihIna ho / tumheM smaraNa honA cAhie ki usa dina usa AryA ne tumheM vandana karate samaya apane mastaka se tumhAre caraNoM kA sparza kiyA thaa|" ___ "gautama ! yaha sunate hI apayaza ke bhaya se usa sAvadhAcArya kA mukha mlAna ho gayA / "pahale to ina logoM ne mujhe sAvadhAcArya kI saMjJA dI, aba na mAlama ye loga merA bare se barA kyA nAma rakheMge aura maiM saMsAra meM apajya aura nindya ho jaauuNgaa| aba maiM apayaza se bacane ke lie inheM kyA saphAI duuN|" isa prakAra vicAra karate hue use tIrthaMkara ke ina vacanoM kA smaraNa AyA-"jo koI AcArya, gaNadhara, mahattara, gacchAdhipati athavA zrutadhara ho, vaha sarvajJa, ananta jJAniyoM dvArA jina jina pApAyatanoM kA pratiSedha kiyA gayA hai, una savako zAstra ke anusAra bhalI-bhAMti samajha kara una pAMpa sthAnoM kA kisI bhI rUpa meM na to svayaM sevana kare aura na unakA sevana karane vAloM kA anumodana hI kre| vaha krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, bhaya, hAsya, garva-darpa, pramAda, abhAva, cUka arthAt skhalanAvazAt dina meM athavA rAta meM ekAkI athavA pariSad meM baiThe hue, suptAvasthA athavA jAgata pravasthA meM mana, vacana evaM kAya-yoga-ina tInoM yogoM dvArA athavA ina tInoM meM se kisI eka ke dvArA bhI, jo koI ina padoM kA virAdhaka hogA, vaha bhikSu punaH punaH nindanIya, garhaNIya, latAr3ane yogya, ghRNAspada, samasta loka meM pratAr3ita-parAbhUta, vividha vyAdhiyoM ke mandira tulya zarIra vAlA hokara ekAnta duHkhapUrNa naraka Adi yoniyoM meM utkRSTa sthiti kI Ayu bhogatA huA anantakAla taka saMsAra sAgara meM bhaTakatA rahegA / ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA humA vaha kabhI kahIM para eka kSaNa mAtra ke liye bhI zAnti prApta nahIM kara skegaa|" ___"aisI sthiti meM pramAda ke vazIbhUta hae mujha pApI, adhamAdhama, satvahIna kApuruSa ke samakSa yaha jo ghora saMkaTa upasthita huA hai, isakA koI yuktisaMgata pratyuttara dene meM maiM asamartha hUM / yadi maiM sUtrArtha se viparIta uttara detA hUM to paraloka meM anantakAla taka bhavabhramaNa karatA huA ghora dAruNa duHkhAnubandhI ananta duHkhoM kA bhAgI bana jaauuNgaa| hAya ! maiM kitanA durbhAgyazAlI huuN|' isa prakAra ke vicAroM meM sAvadhAcArya ko DUbA hA dekhakara gautama ! una durAcArI pApiSTha, duSTa zrotAoM ne samajha liyA ki yaha mRSAvAda ke bhaya se duvidhA meM phaMsa gayA haiarthAt eka ora mUlaguNa-rahita hone kA Dara aura dUsarI pora. jo gAthA kA artha batAyA hai, usase mukarane para mRSAvAda kA Dara hai / use saMkSubdha aura kiMkartavyavimUr3ha dekhakara una duSTa zrotAoM ne usase kahA:-"jaba taka isa saMzaya ko nahIM miTA diyA jAyagA, taba taka vyAkhyAna nahIM utthegaa| Apa yahIM baiThe rahakara kadAgraha ko naSTa karane meM samartha Thosa evaM prabala yuktiyoM se isa prazna kA samAdhAna kiijiye|" / "isa para sAvadyAcArya ne mana hI mana socA-"samAdhAnakArI uttara diye Page #110 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 52 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 binA mujhe inase chuTakArA milane vAlA nahIM hai / para kyA samAdhAna rakhU?" yaha socakara vaha punaH vicAramagna ho gyaa|" "gautama ! isa para una durAcAriyoM ne sAvadhAcArya se puna: kahA- "cintAsAgara meM DUbe hue kisa kAraNa baiThe ho ? zIghra hI isakA spaSTIkaraNa kro| vaha samAdhAna sUtrasammata aura nirdoSa honA caahiye|" "tadanantara mana hI mana saMtapta hote hue sAvadyAcArya ne kahA---"tIrthakaroM ne isI kAraNa kahA hai ki ayogya ko sUtra kA jJAna nahIM denA caahie| kyoMki jisa prakAra kacce ghar3e meM DAlA gayA jala usa ghar3e kA vinAza kara detA hai, usI prakAra ayogya vyakti ko siddhAnta kA rahasya batAyA jAya to vaha siddhAnta kA rahasya usa ayogya vyakti kA sarvanAza kara DAlatA hai|" "isa para una logoM ne pUnaH kahA- "isa prakAra aMTa-zaMTa, asambaddha evaM durbhASApUrNa pralApa kyoM kara rahe ho? yadi samAdhAna nahIM kara sakate to isa pUjya prAsana se nIce utaro aura hamAre isa sthAna se zIghra hI bAhara nikala jaao| daiva (bhAgya) kaisA ruSTa hayA hai ki samasta saMgha ne tuma jaise vyakti ko bhI prAmANika mAnakara siddhAntoM para pravacana karane kI anujJA pradAna kI hai|" "gautama ! tatpazcAt sAvadhAcArya ne punaH bar3I dera taka mana hI mana cintA se jalate hue anya koI samAdhAna na pA sudIrgha kAla taka saMsAra meM bhaTakanA svIkAra kara kahA--"tuma loga kucha bhI nahIM samajhate / aAgama vastutaH utsarga aura apavAdaina do mUla AdhAroM para avasthita hai| ekAnta kA nAma hI mithyAtva hai| jinezvaroM kI AjJA to anekAnta hai|" __"sAvadhAcArya ke isa vacana ko sunate hI gagana meM ghumar3atI huI varSA Rtu kI prathama ghana-ghaTA ke garjana ko sunakara jisa prakAra mayUra mudita ho madhura pAlApa karate hue nAca uThate haiM, ThIka usI prakAra una duSTa zrotAoM ke mana-mayUra nAca uThe aura unhoMne sAvadyAcArya kA bar3A sammAna karate hue unake una vacanoM kI bhari-bhUri-zlAghA kii|" "gautama ! isa eka hI vacana-doSa se usa sAvadhAcArya ne ananta-saMsAritva kA bandha kara liyA aura usa mahA kSudra saMgha ke jamaghaTa ke samakSa usa pApa kI pAlocanA na karane ke kAraNa ananta saMsAra kA bhAgI bnaa.......|'' 1. goyamA ! raNaM ipro ya usabhAdi titthaMkara cauvIsagAe agateNaM kAleNaM jA pratItA annA cauvIsagA to ega vayaNa doseraNaM goyamA ! nibaMdhiUraNANaMta saMsAriyattaNaM ....... / ......"mahAnizItha. a0 5 (aprakAzita) Page #111 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bora nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] .. { 53 mahAnizItha kA yaha ullekha sabhI dRSTiyoM se bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM anyatra anupalabhya aneka aitihAsika tathya bhare par3e haiN| adhikAMza prAcArya aura zramaNa sAmUhika rUpa se vizuddha zramaNAcAra aura zramaNa ke mUla guNoM ko tilAMjali de mithyAtvI aura mithyAtva ke poSaka bana jAte haiN| unameM zramaNa ke yogya guNoM kA lezamAtra bhI nahIM rahatA / kevala veSa mAtra se ve nAma mAtra ke sAdhu hote haiM / asaMyatipUjA nAmaka usa Azcarya ke prabhAva se zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga bhI bahata bar3I saMkhyA meM unhIM nAma mAtra ke sAdhu vepadhArI asaMyatiyoM kA upAsaka aura anuyAyI bana jAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI prAjJA kI avahelanA kara ve apane apane zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga se dhana lekara bhavya aura vizAla caityoM kA nirmANa karavA kara, una caityAlayoM ko apanI nijI sampatti vanA lete haiN| ve asaMyati sAdhvAcAra kA pUrNataH parityAga kara sAdha ke liye paramAvazyaka kartavya apratihata vihAra, nirdoSa bhikSAcarI, parigraha kA pUrNa rUpa se tyAga Adi uttama guNoM ko tilAMjali de apane apane caityoM meM niyata nivAsa aura AdhAkarmI pAhAra Adi grahaNa kara sAdhutva para kalaMka kAlimA pota dete haiM / zAstroM meM tIrthaMkaroM kA spaSTa Adeza hai ki koI bhI zramaNa dharma ke liye, svarga ke liye, apavarga ke liye athavA karmavandhana ko kATane ke liye bhI pRthvI, ap, tejas, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa kAya kI hiMsA na kare, na kisI dUsare se ina SaDjIvanikAya ke jIvoM kI kadApi hiMsA karavAye aura jo loga dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa kI prApti ke liye, janma, jarA, mRtyu se sadA ke liye chuTakArA pAne ke liye hiMsA karate haiM, unake isa hiMsA kArya kI tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se kabhI kisI bhI dazA meM anumodanA nahIM kreN| parantu tIrthaMkaroM kI isa vizvabandhutva se aotaprota, vizva ke sacarAcara samasta prANiyoM ke liye kalyANakAriNI prAjJA kA ullaMghana kara ve mithyAtva-doSagrasta nAma mAtra ke prAcArya aura sAdhu jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karavAte haiM aura isa prakAra caityAlayoM ke nirmANa kArya meM hone vAlI pRthvI, Apa, tejas vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa -- ina SaDjIvanikAyoM kI ghora hiMsA ke pApa se ananta kAla taka duHkhapUrNa durgatiyoM se aotaprota bhavabhramaNa ke adhikArI banate haiN| ve yaha nahIM socate ki tIrthakaroM ne dharma-artha-kAma aura mokSa taka ke liye SaDjIva nikAya ke jIvoM kI trikaraNa triyoga se hiMsA karane, karavAne aura karane vAle kI anumodanA taka karane kA spaSTa rUpa se niSedha kiyA hai / tIrthaMkaroM kI isa AjJA ke anusAra sAdhu SaDjIva nikAya ke saMhArakArI caityanirmANa Adi kArya ke liye vacanamAtra se bhI saMketa taka nahIM kara sktaa| mahAnizItha ke uparyullikhita AkhyAna meM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki 'asaMyati-pUjA' nAmaka Azcarya ke prabhAvakAla meM yadyapi cAroM ora mithyAtva doSagrasta asaMyatoM aura unake anuyAyiyoM kA atyadhika prabhAva aura varcasva rahatA hai Page #112 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 54 ]] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 tathApi vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle sva-para hitasAdhaka sacce zramaNoM kA svalpAdhika mAtrA meM astitva avazya rahatA hai aura ve sacce kriyAniSTha zramaNa nirgrantha pravacana kA sarvajJa-vItarAga prabhu kI vANI kA yathAvat upadeza dete haiM / mahAnizItha ke isa pAkhyAna meM siddhAnta ke sArabhUta tatva kA yathArtha rUpa meM-.. yathAvat svarUpa meM pratipAdana kA utkRSTa phala aura yathArtha rUpa se bhinna rUpa meM pratipAdana kA ananta duHkhAnubandhI evaM sarvasva-vinAzakArI duSphala bhI batAyA gayA hai| "tIrthakara kI AjJA utsarga aura apavAda ke rUpa meM anekAnta hai / ekAnta to mithyAtva hai|" uparyukta AkhyAna meM sAvadhAcArya ke isa kathana kA ullekha hai jo ki unheM apane bacAva kA aura koI rAstA na dikhane para majabUrI kI dazA meM kahanA par3A thaa| sAvadhAcArya ke isa kathana ko suna kara caityavAsiyoM ke harSAtirekavazAt praphullita-pramudita hone kA bhI isa AkhyAna meM ullekha hai / yaha kathana gUr3ha rahasya se otaprota aura gambhIratA pUrvaka mananIya evaM vicAraNIya hai| caityavAsI vastuta: sAvadhAcArya ke mukha se yahI kahalavAnA cAhate the| isameM jo gUr3ha rahasya bharA huA hai vaha yaha hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAprabhu kI yaha spaSTa rUpa se AjJA hai ki sAdhu SaDjIvanikAya ke jIvoM ke prArambha samArambha kA koI bhI kArya na kare, na usa prakAra kA kArya vaha dUsare se karavAye, aura na hI isa prakAra kA kArya karane vAle kA anumodana hI kare / pratyeka sAdhu ke liye tIrthakara prabhU kA yaha upadeza jIvana-paryanta aparihArya anivArya rUpeNa pUrNata: pAlanIya hai, sadA-sarvadA zirodhAraNIya hai| isameM kisI bhI prakAra ke apavAda ke liye kicitmAtra bhI sthAna nahIM hai| prabhU ke isa Adeza kA jo sAdhu ekAntata: pAlana nahIM karatA, usameM apavAda ko avakAza dene kI ceSTA karatA hai, vaha vastutaH zramaNatva se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai / mokSa-prApti kI kAmanA se bar3ha kara no koI kAmanA ho hI nahIM sktii| to phira mahAprabhU ne mokSa-prApti ke liye bhI par3ajIvanikAya meM se kisI bhI nikAya ke eka bhI jIva kI hiMsA karane kA spaSTa zabdoM meM niSedha kiyA hai| ____isa prakAra kI sthiti meM caityavAsiyoM dvArA caityAlayoM kA nirmANa karavAnA jinAjJA kA spaSTata: ullaMghana karanA hI hai| para caityavAsiyoM ko yaha saba svIkAra nahIM thaa| ve jinAjJA meM, pAgama-vacana meM-siddhAnta meM-apavAda kA prAvadhAna rakha kara caityAlayoM ke nirmANa ko mokSaprApti kA sAdhana svayaM to mAnate hI the para isake sAthamAtha dUsaroM se bhI manavAnA cAhate the, isake liye prayAsa karate rahate the| unhoMne prAcArya kuvalayaprabha me Akasmika vicitra sthiti meM anAyAsa hI hue pramAda kA anucita lAbha uThAne kA prayAsa kiyA / upayukta avasara para unhoMne kuvalayaprabha ko ghora dharmasaMkaTa meM DAlA / isa sava ke pIche unakA sunizcita aura suniyojita uddezya yahI thA ki kuvalayaprabha jaise prAgama-marmajJa, tyAgI, tapasvI, nispRha aura zAstrAjJAnumAra vizuddha zramagaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNazreSTha ke mukha se Page #113 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] apane anuyAyiyoM ke samakSa jinAjJA ke sambandha meM bhI utsarga aura apavAda kI bAta yena kena prakAreNa kahalavA kara apane pakSa kI pratiSThA baDhAyeM / caityavAsI to apane uddezya kI siddhi meM saphala ho gaye para jinAjJA meM, sarvajJa-sarvadarzI tIrthaMkaroM ke vacana meM utsarga aura apavAda kI doSapUrNa bAta kahane ke phalasvarUpa, vizuddha zramaraNa paramparA ke pratIka hote hae bhI prAcArya kuvalayaprabha anantakAla taka naraka, tiryaMca Adi yoniyoM meM bhaTakane ke bhAgI bana gye| isa AkhyAna meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki saMsAra sAgara ko eka bhavAvaziSTa mAtra kara lene vAlA mahAna sAdhaka bhI nirgrantha pravacana kI, tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI kI ayathArtha rUpa meM nirUpaNA karane se ananta kAla taka bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM bhaTakane jaisI durdazA se grasta ho jAtA hai / __ "itihAsa apane Apako doharAtA hai" isa ukti ke anusAra--- itihAsa ke ghaTanAcakra kA punaH punaH parAvartana hotA rahatA hai| tadanusAra ananta avasarpiNiyoM pUrva kI kisI eka avasarpiNI meM asaMyatI-pUjA nAmaka Azcarya ke pravAhakAla meM caityavAsiyoM dvArA dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUla svarUpa meM jisa prakAra kI, parivartana karane kI, vikRtiyAM utpanna karane kI ghaTanAeM ghaTita huI, ThIka usI prakAra kI ghaTanAe pravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla meM bhI hamAre yahAM ghaTita huI haiN| vicArapUrvaka dekhA jAya to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lagabhaga 850 varSa pazcAt astitva meM Aye caityavAsI saMgha ko lakSya kara ananta atIta ke isa pAkhyAna ko mahAnizItha meM sthAna diyA gayA hai / isa AkhyAna se yaha hastAmalakavat spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA kA janma kina paristhitiyoM meM aura kaba huaa| Aja adhikAMza jaina dharmAvalambI vastutaH caityavAsI paramparA dvArA pracalita kI gaI dravya pUjA athavA dravya paramparA se hI katipaya aMzoM meM prabhAvita haiM / ___caityavAsI paramparA dvArA dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUla svarUpa meM kisakisa prakAra ke parivartana kiye gaye, isa sambandha meM yathAsambhava prakAza DAlane kA aba prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mala svarUpa meM caityavAsI paramparA dvArA kiye gaye parivartana yoM to vIra ni0 saM0 850 ke AsapAsa hI katipaya nirgrantha zramaNa, nirgrantha pravacana meM pratipAdita zramaNocita AcAra aura AsthAoM tathA ugra vihAra ko tilAMjali de apanI icchAnusAra jina caityoM-jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karavA kara, unameM sthiravAsa niyatavAsa karane ke sAtha hI sAtha aneSaNIya, akalpanIya prAdhA Page #114 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 56 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 karmI prahAra lene laga gaye the, tathApi mUla nirgrantha paramparA ke grAgama niSNAta tyAgI, tapasvI, ugravihArI pUrvaghara prAcAryoM kI vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa ve nirgrantha pravacana se pratikUla AsthA aura pracAra vAle zithilAcArI caityavAsI jaina samAja ke mAnasa meM koI zIrSa sthAna athavA sammAna usa samaya taka prApta karane meM asaphala rahe / devari kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa kAla ( lagabhaga vIra ni0 saM0 1000) taka ve Agama viruddha prAsthA aura zithilAcAra phailAne meM asamartha rahe / caityavAsiyoM kI isa asaphalatA kA pramANa hameM navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri * dvArA racita 'grAgama praTThottarI' kI nimnalikhita gAthA se milatA hai : devafso khamAsamaraNa jA, paraMparaM bhAvaoo viyANemi / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, davveraNa paraMparA bahuhA // arthAt - devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa taka to bhAva paramparA ( bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita mUla paramparA ) prakSuNNa rUpa se calatI rahI, yaha maiM jAnatA hUM / para devaddhigari kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke anantara sAdhu prAyaH zithilAcArI bana gaye aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka prakAra kI dravya paramparAeM sthApita kara dI gaIM-- pracalita kara dI gaIM / pUrvApara aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke pariprekSya meM nIra-kSIra vivekapUrNa sama se gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para prabhayadeva sUri ke nirNAyaka prAntarika udgAra bhalI-bhAMti tathyapUrNa pratIta hote haiM / vastutaH devagiriNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaraNa-zramaNI saMgha kI hI nahIM apitu catuvidha saMgha kI bhI sthiti pUrvApekSayA adhikAMzata: viparIta ho gaI / devaddha ke svargArohaNa kAla taka nirgrantha pravacana meM pratipAdita jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa, mUla prAcAra, mUla AsthAoM evaM mAnyatAoM kA upAsaka dharmasaMgha susaMgaThita, sudRr3ha, tejasvI, bahujanamAnya tathA sabala rahA aura caityavAsI saMgha nitAnta nirbala, nagaNya rahA / usa samaya taka yaha bahujanamAnya nahIM bana pAyA / parantu antima pUrvadhara Arya devagiriNa ke svargastha hone ke thor3e samaya bAda hI caityavAsI saMgha kA bar3I tIvra gati se sarvatra vistAra huA / caityavAsI saMgha sazakta, sudRr3ha, dezavyApI evaM bahujanamAnya bana gayA / caityavAsI saMgha ke prabala pracAra ke phalasvarUpa mUla AcAra kI mAnyatAoM evaM AsthAoM kA upAsaka dharmasaMgha nirbala, vighaTita evaM pratyalpa janamAnya hotA calA gayA / antima pUrvadhara aura antima vAcanAcArya Arya devadvigari kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke uttaravartI kAla ke ghaTanAkrama ke paryavekSaraNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai Page #115 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 57 ki caityavAsiyoM ne devaddhi ke svargastha ho jAne para apanI paramparA kA pracAra-prasAra vyApaka rUpa meM prabala vega se prArambha kiyA / AkarSaka evaM grADambarapUrNa svakalpita nita-naye dhArmika AyojanoM, paripATiyoM evaM anuSThAnoM kI racanAoM ke sAtha-sAtha caityavAsiyoM ne sAdhuvarga kI suvidhA ke lie aise 10 niyama banAye, jinase kisI bhI vyakti ke muNDita ho jAne para kisI bhI prakAra ke kaSTa kA sAmanA nahIM karanA par3e aura sabhI prakAra ke bhogopabhogoM kI suvidhAeM unheM saralatA se sulabha ho sakeM / caityavAsiyoM dvArA caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke liye banAye gaye una niyamoM ko jaina saMgha meM prasArita kiyA gayA aura caityavAsI paramparA ke pratyeka sadasya ke liye una 10 niyamoM kA pAlana anivArya ghoSita kiyA gayA / usa caityavAsI paramparA kA bhArata ke adhikAMza kSetroM meM lagabhaga 700 varSoM taka pUrNa varcasva rahA / para usa paramparA kI mAnyatAoM para pUrNa prakAza DAlane vAlA koI sAhitya prAja upalabdha nahIM hai / vikrama saM0 1500 ke Asa-pAsa hI yaha paramparA luptaprAyaH ho gaI / isa paramparA ke AcAryo athavA vidvAnoM dvArA banAye gaye isa paramparA ke niyamoM evaM mAnyatAoM se sambandhita kRtiyoM meM se eka bhI kRti prAja upalabdha nahIM hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAla ke prabhAva se yaha caityavAsI paramparA bhI chUtI rhii| usakA vaha vipula sAhitya bhI kAlakrama se Aja vilupta ho cukA hai / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM caityavAsI paramparA ke kisI grantha ke AdhAra para, caityavAsI paramparA kI mAnyatAoM kI jisa sAMgopAMga paricaya kI apekSA kI jA sakatI thI, vaha to sambhava nahIM lagatI / para mahAnizItha meM jisa prakAra isa paramparA kA saMkSipta paricaya prApta hotA hai usI prakAra kA thor3A bahuta paricaya " vasativAsa paramparA" ke sAhitya meM bhI yatra-tatra bikharA par3A hai| vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke " vasativAsa paramparA" ke prabhAvaka prAcArya jinavallabha sUri ne caityavAsI paramparA kI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana karate hue 40 zlokoM ke "saMghapaTTaka" nAmaka eka grantha kI racanA kI thI / ' usI 'saMghapaTTaka' nAmaka grantha ke AdhAra para caityavAsI paramparA dvArA caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhunoM ke liye banAye gaye una 10 niyamoM kA vivaraNa yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : (1) sAdhu praudde zika prarthAt zramaNa - zramaNiyoM ke liye banAyA gayA sadoSa AhAra grahaNa kara sakatA hai / usameM kisI prakAra kA doSa nahIM / kyoMki pUrvakAla meM mahAn vaibhavazAlI udAramanA, dAnI tathA parama bhakta zrAvaka hote the ataH usa samaya ke sAdhunoM ko eSaNIya nirdoSa prAhAra mila jAtA thA / kintu Adhunika kAla meM rAjaviplavoM, yuddhoM, duSkAliyoM, dussamAkAla - ke prabhAva Adi zrAdi kAraNoM se adhikAMza zrAvaka varga daridra ho gayA hai / aisI sthiti meM susaMhanana aura zakti vihIna sAdhuvarga ko zraddhAlu zrAvakoM dvArA sAdhu ke liye banAye gaye prAhAra 1. jinavallabha sUri ne vi0 saM0 1125 meM jinacandra sUri dvArA racita "saMvegaraMgazAlA" nAmaka grantha kA saMzodhana kiyA, isa prakAra kA ullekha bhI upalabdha hotA hai / -sampAdaka Page #116 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 58 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ko lene meM koI doSa nahIM hai / rUkSa bhojana dene vAle to mila sakate haiM para uma se aAjakala ke sAdhu apane zarIra ko banAye nahIM rakha sakate / isaliye koI zraddhAlu zrAvaka sAdhu ke liye ghRta evaM pauSTika bhojana kI vyavasthA karatA hai to dharma ke sAdhana rUpa zarIra ko sazakta banAye rakhane ke liye isa prakAra kA auddezika AhAra athavA ghata Adi lene meM koI doSa nhiiN| isa prakAra kA auddezika AhAra dene se zrAvaka ko bhI puNya hogaa|' (2) sAdhu ko sadA ke liye jinamandira meM hI niyata vAsa karanA cAhiye / AgamoM meM sAdhanoM ke liye udyAnavAsa kA vidhAna hai para aba logoM ke aAvAgamana me rahita tathA gupta dvAra vAle usa prakAra ke udyAna naSTa ho gaye haiN| jo haiM, unameM grAmra maMjarI ke ramAsvAdana se unmatta huI kokiloM ke kAmoddIpaka 'kuhU' 'kuhU' ke sumadhura svarAlApa meM tathA praphullita mAlatI puSpoM kI sumadhura mAdaka sugandha se muniyoM ke mana vicalita ho sakate haiN| una udyAnoM meM kAmI-kAminiyoM ke yugaloM ke kelikrIr3Artha Ate rahane ke kAraNa strI-saMsarga kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| jinamandira vastutaH jinendra prabhu kI mUrtiyoM ke liye banAye jAte haiM, ata: sAdhuoM ko jinamandira meM rahane se na to prAdhAkarmI dopa hI lagegA aura na strI-saMsarga kI AzaMkA hI rhegii| vasati me dUrastha zUnya udyAnoM meM Thaharane se cora, luTeroM dvArA dharmopakaraNoM ke curAye jAne kI bhI AzaMkA banI rahatI hai| sAdhunoM ke rahane yogya udyAnoM ke naSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa hI Arya rakSita ne vIra ni0 saM0 620 meM suvihita sAdhuoM ke bala, baddhi, medhA Adi kI hAni dekha kara sAdhanoM ke liye caityavAsa kalpanIya btaayaa| caityavAsa niravadya hai, gItArtha mahApuruSoM dvArA sevita hai, ataH caitya meM niyata nivAsa sAdhuoM ke liye kisI prakAra doSapUrNa nahIM / haribhadrasUri jaise mahAna granthakAra ne bhI caityavAsa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| samarAditya kathA meM ullekha hai ki jinamandira ke pratizraya meM rahI haI eka sAdhvI ne kevalajJAna prApta kiyA / caityoM meM sAdhuoM ke niyatanivAsa se caityoM ke naSTa hone aura tajjanya tIrthoccheda kA bhaya bhI nahIM rahatA / vasativAsa---arthAt para gRhanivAsa meM to prAdhAkarmI doSa aura strIsaMsarga ke kAraNa brahmacarya ke bhaMga hone kI prabala AzaMkA bhI banI rahatI hai / paragrahavAsa kI dazA meM sAdhuoM ke amRtatulya sumadhura svAdhyAya ghoSa ko suna kara aura brahmacarya ke tejapuMja se daidIpyamAna atIva ' (ka) atraudezika bhojana........................... / zloka saM0 1 (kha) SaTkAyAnupamRdya niyamRSInAdhAya yatsAdhitam, zAstreSu pratiSidhyate yadasakRnnistrizaMtAghAyitam / gaumAMsAdya pamaM yadAhuratha yamuktvA yatityidhaH, statko nAma jighitsatIha saghRNaH saMghAdi bhakti vidan / / 6 / / ---saMghapaTTaka (jinavallabhasUri) Page #117 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] [ 56 sundara svarUpa ko dekha kara virahiNI yuvatiyAM una para mugdha ho unheM pathabhraSTa kara sakatI haiM, tathA gRhasthAvasthA meM bhoge hue bhogoM ke smaraNa ho jAne se sAdhuoM ke brahmacarya vrata ke bhaMga hone kA prasaMga upasthita ho sakatA hai| para jinamandiroM meM nivAsa karane para ina saba AzaMkAoM kI koI sambhAvanA hI nahIM rahatI / ataH isa prakAra kI sthiti meM sAdhanoM ko vasativAsa-paragrahavAsa evaM udyAnavAsa kA parityAga kara caityoM meM hI niyata-nivAsa karanA caahiye|' (3) vasati meM, paragaha meM athavA udyAna meM nivAsa karane athavA Thaharane vAle sAdhuoM kA pUrI taraha virodha kara caityavAsI sAdhu khulakara isa prakAra kA pracAra-prasAra kareM ki sAdhu ko vasati meM kabhI nivAsa nahIM karanA cAhiye / vasativAsa kA khaNDana yaha kaha kara kiyA jAya : na vi kiMci araNannAyaM, paDisiddha vA vi jinnvriNdehi| muttuM mehuNabhAvaM, na so viNA rAgadosehiM // thIvajjiyaM viyAgai itthINaM jattha kANa ruuvaarinn| saddA ya na suvvaMti, tA viya tesi na pecchehi / / baMbhavayassa aguttI, lajjAnAso ya pIivuDDhI ya / sAdhu tavovaNavAso, nivAraNaM titthaparihANI / / zrRNu hRdayarahasyaM yatprazasyaM 'munInAM' na khalu na khalu yoSitsannidhi: saMvidheyA / harati hi hariNAkSI kSipramakSikSurapra prahatazamatanutraM cittamapyunnatAnAm / / ina saba binduoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue strIsaMsakta paragRhavAsa sAdhuoM ke lie nitAnta hAnikara aura caityoM meM sAdhuoM kA niyatanivAsa sAdhuoM ke lie parama hitakara hai| caityoM meM niyata nivAsa karane vAle sAdhanoM ke jIvana meM strIsamparka aura upayukta kisI prakAra ke doSoM ke prasaMga kI koI sambhAvanA hI nahIM rhtii| .: (ka) ........ ...................."jinagRhe vAso .......||zA (kha) gAyadgandharva nRtyat paNaramaNiraNadveNugujanmRdaMga prekhatpuSpasragudyanmRgamadalasadullocacaMcajjanaughe / devadravyopabhogadhra vamaThapatitAzAtanAbhyastrasaMtaH, saMtaH sadbhaktiyogya na khalu jinagRhe'rhanmatajJA vasanti / / 7 / / - saMghapaTTakasaTIka (jinavallabhasari) (prakAzana :- zrAvaka jeThAlAla dalasukha ahamadAbAda I. san 1607) Page #118 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 60 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 kucha kSaNoM ke lie striyoM kA caityoM meM jina bimboM evaM pratimAoM ke darzanArtha AnA hotA hai aura darzana kara tatkAla ve apane gharoM ko lauTa jAtI haiM / ina saba kAraNoM se caityatrAsI sAdhu vasativAsa kA sadA khaNDana karate raheM ' (4) sAdhu apane pAsa dhana kA saMgraha kareM / yadyapi zAstroM meM sAdhu ke liye dhana saMgraha niSiddha hai, tathApi sAmpratakAlIna sAdhuoM ke lie dhana rakhanA ucita aura Avazyaka ho gayA hai| kyoMki dhana ke vinA glAna avasthA meM, zatrunoM ke AkramaNa athavA duSkAla prAdi ke samaya meM auSadhi, pathya, bhojana Adi kI prApti na hone para zarIra ke naSTa hone jaisI sthiti upasthita ho sakatI hai / kAladoSa se dharmabhAvanA rahita hue zrAvakoM se to isa prakAra prahAra, prauSadha - bheSaja Adi kI pekSA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI / ataH dhana grahaNa kara sAdhunoM ko eka akSaya nidhi ekatrita karanI caahie| sAdhunoM ke pAsa dhana hogA to durbala Arthika dazA ko prApta kisI zrAvaka kI sahAyatA kara use prArthika dRSTi se sampanna evaM sabala banAyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra sampanna bane zrAvaka caityoM kA nirmANa karavA kara unakI pUjA Adi kI vyavasthA aura tIrtha prabhAvanA ke kAryoM se jinazAsana ko samunnata kreNge| unakI prArthika sthiti sudRr3ha hogI to ve AgamoM kA lekhana karavA kara pravacana kI rakSA bhI kara sakeMge / Adhunika yuga ke muni yadi apane pAsa dravya nahIM rakheMge to tIrthoccheda aura pravacanaviccheda kI sthiti utpanna ho sakatI hai ataH Adhunika yuga ke sAdhuoM ko apane pAsa dravya rakhanA cAhiye / 2 1 (ka.) 'vasatyakSamA, 2 (kha) sAkSAjjinaM gaMgAdharaizca niSevitoktA, niHsaMgatAgrimapadaM munipuMgavAnAm / zayyAtaroktimanagArapadaM ca jAnan, vidveSTi kaH paragRhe vasati sakarNaH ||8|| citrasargApavAde yadiha zivapurI dUtabhUte nizIthe, prAguktvA bhUrimedA gRhigRhavasatI: kAraNepodya pazcAt, strIsaMsaktAdimuktepyabhihita yatanAkAriNAM saMyatAnAM (ka) / / 5 / / sarvatragAridhAni nyayamina tu mataH kvApi caitye nivAsa |||| 'svIkAro'rtha / / 5 / / (kha) pravrajyApratipaMthinaM nanuM dhanasvIkAraprAhujinA:, sarvArambhaparigrahaM tvatimahA sAvadyamAcakSate / ..........||10|| - saMghapaTTaka -- saMghapaTTaka Page #119 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddha kAla taka ] [ 61 (5) caityavAsI sAdhu gRhasthoM ko upadeza - gurumantra Adi dekara apane pIr3hI, pIr3hI ke zrAvaka banAye / kyoMki isa kAla ke utsarga aura apavAda mArga ke vijJa muniyoM ko apane zrAvaka banAkara apanI paramparA meM sthira rakhanA ucita evaM Avazyaka hai / pUrvavartI kAla vastutaH bar3A hI bhavya kAla thA / usa samaya ke sAdhu bhI atizaya zaktisampanna mahApuruSa the / usa samaya kutIrthikoM kI saMkhyA bhI ati svalpa thI / janasAdhAraNa kA mAnasa bhI prAyaH sarala aura udAra thA, ataH jainetara bhI bar3e sammAna ke sAtha jaina sAdhunoM ko bhikSA Adi pradAna karate the / sAmpratakAlIna janamAnasa kutIrthikoM ke bAhulya evaM prAbalya ke kAraNa kaluSita ho gayA hai / aisI dazA meM yadi sAdhunoM ne apanI paramparA ke zrAvaka banAkara unheM apanI paramparA meM sadA ke liye pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI sthira aura sudRr3ha nahIM rakhA to sAdhu ke liye, bhikSA grAdi ke abhAva meM apanA jIvana banAye rakhanA bhI kaThina ho jAyagA / isase antatogatvA tIrtha- vyucchitti aura pravacananAza jaisI sthiti bhI utpanna ho sakatI hai / ataH sAdhuoM ko cAhie ki ve adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM apane zrAvaka banAkara unheM apanI paramparA meM susthira rakheM / zrAgama meM bhI kahA hai :-- "jA jassa ThiI jA jassa saMThiI, puvvapurisakayA merA / motaM ikkamaMto, agaMta saMsArizro hoI || arthAt jisakI jo sthiti hai, pUrva puruSoM dvArA jisako jisa jagaha bane rahane kI maryAdA bAMdha dI gaI hai, vaha usI meM rahe, usa maryAdA kA atikramaNa karane vAlA vyakti granantakAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaraNa karatA hai / jo zrAvaka eka bAra aMgIkAra kiye hue guru kA tyAga kara dUsare guru kA yAjaka banatA hai to vaha ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM bhaTakatA hai - yaha isa zAstravacana kA abhiprAya hai / isa zAstra vacana se bhI hamAre isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| ki sAdhu ko apane zrAvaka banAne caahie|' (6) sAdhu jinendra bhagavAn ke mandiroM ko apanI sampatti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kareM / kAla-dopa se isa samaya ke gRhasthoM meM- zrAvakoM meM caityoM kI rakSA, vyavasthA Adi ke prati koI ruci nahIM hai aura na unheM caityoM kI sAra-samhAla karane ke lie hI koI avakAza milatA hai| aisI sthiti meM yadi sAdhu caityoM ko apane 1. (ka) svIkAro'rthaM gRhastha, ********* 11211 (kha) sarvArambhaparigrahaM tvati mahA sAvadyamAcakSate / // 10 // **** ********** *********** ************* -saMghapaTTaka Page #120 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 62 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 svAmitva meM grahaNa nahIM kareMge to caityoM ke uccheda evaM jina zAsana ke lupta hone jaisA prasaMga upasthita ho sakatA hai|' (7) sAdha aise gAdI-takiyoM evaM siMhAsanoM para bhI baiThe, jinakA ki pratilekhana-pramArjana saMbhava nahIM / isa prakAra ke gAdI-takiyoM tathA mundara siMhAsanoM para sAdhunoM ke baiThane se pravacana kI prabhAvanA hotI hai / gaNadhara deva bhI rAjAoM dvArA diye gaye siMhAsanoM athavA pAdapIThoM para baiThate the| eka rAjA ke antaHpura kI rAniyoM ne prArya vajra svAmI kI vyAkhyAna-labdhi kI to prazaMsA ko kintu yaha kahA ki unakI rUpa-sampadA ati sAdhAraNa hai| isa para vajra svAmI ne dUsare dina yati ke liye akalpanIya sone ke kamalAkAra sihAsana para baiTha kara apane bhavya vyaktitva ko prakaTa karate hue dezanA dii| usake pariNAmasvarUpa pravacana kI prabhAvanA huI / isase siddha hai ki prAcAryoM ko pravacana kI prabhAvanA hetu gAdI-takiye, siMhAsana Adi para baiThanA cAhiye / / (8) sAdhu apane zrAvakoM ko apane hI gaccha meM rahane kA (zAma, dAma, daNDa, bheda Adi upAyoM se) Agraha kare / anyathA sAdhuoM dvArA zrAvakoM ko apanI apanI ora khIMcate rahane se bar3A hI azobhanIya vAtAvaraNa utpanna ho jaayegaa| pArasparika kalaha ke kAraNa jina-zAsana kI hAni hogii| ataH sAdhuoM ko cAhiye ki apane gaccha ke zrAvakoM ko apane gaccha meM hI sadA susthira bane rahane kA prAgraha kreN| 1. (ka) svIkAro'rthagRhasthacaityasadana ...........|| (kha) caityasvIkaraNe tu gahitatamaM syAt mAThapatyaM yate risyevaM vratavairiNIti mamatA yuktA na mukta yathinAm / / 10 / / 2. (ka)........ISat prekSitAdyAsanam / " // 5 // (kha) bhavati niyatamatrAsaMyama : syAvibhUSA, nRpatikakudametallokahAsazca bhikSoH / sphuTatara iha saMgaH sAtazIlatvamuccariti na khalu mumukSoH saMgataM gabdikAdi // 11 / / duHprApA gurukarmasaMcayavatAM saddharmabuddhi nRNAM, jAtAyAmapi durlabhaH zubhaguruH prAptaH sa puNyena cet / katuna svahitaM tathApyalamamI gacchasthiti vyAhRtA: kaM brUmaH kamihAzrayemahi kamArAdhyema kiM kurmahe // 14 // -~-saMghapaTTaka Page #121 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa se devaddhi-kAla taka ] (6) sAdhu isa prakAra kI kriyAoM kA svayaM AcaraNa kareM tathA aise vidhi-vidhAnoM kA upadeza evaM pracAra-prasAra kara logoM se una kriyAoM kA pAlana karavAe jo zanaiH zanai: mokSamArga kI ora le jAne vAlI haiM / yadi isa prakAra kI kriyAoM kA, (vidhi-vidhAnoM kA) AgamoM meM ullekha nahIM hai, to AgamoM kI upekSA kareM / AgamoM meM yadi una kriyAoM kA niSedha hai to Agama-vacana kA anAdara karake bhI una kriyAoM ko svayaM karatA rahe tathA dUsaroM se una kriyAoM kA AcaraNa karavAtA rahe / kyoMki bhagavAn kA siddhAnta anekAnta hai| amuka kArya ekAntata: karanA hI cAhiye aura amuka kArya ekAntata: nahIM karanA cAhiye, aisA koI spaSTa nirdeza jaina siddhAnta meM nahIM hai| aneka prakaraNIya kAryoM ke karane aura aneka karane yogya kAryoM ke nahIM karane kA ullekha bhI AgamoM meM aneka sthAnoM para hai| jinezvara ne na to kisI kArya ke karane kI AjJA dI hai aura na kisI kArya ke karane kA ekAnta niSedha hI kiyA hai / ataH isa kAla ke sAdhuoM ko Agama meM nahIM AI haI aisI bAtoM kA AcaraNa evaM upadeza karanA cAhiye jo sukhapUrvaka kI jA sake aura mokSa kI ora bar3hA skeN|' (10) uparya kta ina niyamoM kA pAlana na karane vAle anya saba sAdhuoM ke prati caityavAsI sAdhuoM ko anAdara evaM virodhapUrNa dvaSadRSTi rakhanI cAhiye / kyoMki caityoM meM na raha kara para ghara, vasati, udyAna Adi meM rahane vAle sAdhu kevala apane Apako hI dharmaniSTha, guragasampanna mAnate tathA anya sabhI sAdhanoM ko doSI batAte hue adyayugIna saMgha ko na mAnakara, usakI sabhI prakAra kI pravRttiyoM kA dUra se hI tyAga karane vAle haiN| ye para-ghara athavA vasati-vAsI sAdhu loga vyavahAra se nitAnta anabhijJa haiM ataH ye saMgha se bAhara (bahiSkRta) haiN| ina saba karaNoM se ye loga mUlataH naSTa kara dene yogya haiM- isa prakAra kA dvaSa inake prati rakhanA hI samucita aura hitakara hai| prAkAza aura pAtAla kA antara prANimAtra ke ananya paramamitra, vizvabandhu, agAdha karuNAsindhu-sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaMkaroM ne kisI bhI kAla, kisI bhI samaya meM kadApi nahIM badalane vAlA ki digmohamitA kimaMdhabadhirA: ki yogacUrNIkRtAH, ki devopahatA: kimaMgaThagitA: kiM vA grahAvezitA: / kRtvA mUni padaM zru tasya yadamI dRSToru doSA api, vyAvRtti kupathAjjar3A na dadhate sUyaMti catat kRte / / 17 // -saMghapaTTaka samyagmArgapuSaH prazAntavapuSaH prItollasaccakSuSaH, zrAmaddhimupeyuSaH smayajuSaH kaMdarpakakSapluSaH / siddhAntAdhvani tasthuSaH zamajuSaH satpUjyatAM jagmuSaH, satsAdhUna viduSaH khalA: kRtaduSaH kSamyanti nodyadruSa: / / 31 // --saMghapaTTaka Page #122 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 dharma evaM zramaNAcAra kA jo aparivartanIya zAzvata sanAtana svarUpa jana-jana ko batAyA hai, usakA zAstroM ke AdhAra para yathAvat bhalI-bhAMti digdarzana karAyA jA cukA hai| tIrthezvara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI divyadhvani ke AdhAra para unake gaNadharoM dvArA gumphita zAstroM meM dharma kA aura zramaNAcAra kA jo zAzvata sanAtana svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA thA, usa mUla svarUpa meM caityavAsiyoM ne kisa prakAra aura kaisA parivartana kiyA, yaha bhI caityavAsI paramparA dvArA pracAlita, aura prasArita daza niyamoM ke ullekha ke rUpa meM vistAra ke sAtha batA diyA gayA hai| zAstroM meM pratipAdita, dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke uparivariNata svarUpa ke pariprekSya meM caityavAsiyoM dvArA pracalita kiye gaye dharma evaM zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa ko vihaMgama dRSTi se dekhane se vidita ho jAtA hai ki ina donoM meM usI prakAra kA antara hai, jisa prakAra kA ki AkAza aura pAtAla meN| aisA kaha deM to bhI atizayokti nahIM hogii| donoM kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana karane para to pUrNataH spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki caityavAsiyoM dvArA parikalpita yaha dharma aura zramaNAcAra kA svarUpa vastutaH jainadharma ke mUla siddhAntoM se bilkula pratikUla aura jainatatvAbhAsa mAtra hI hai / caityavAsiyoM dvArA kiye gaye ina daza niyamoM ke pracAra-prasAra ko vastutaH sarvajJapraNIta AgamoM ke viruddha eka suniyojita vidroha kahA jA sakatA hai apanI kapolakalpanAoM para AdhArita ina daza niyamoM se caityavAsiyoM ne sarvajJa-praNIta dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUla meM parivartana kara dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUla svarUpa ko hI vikRta kara diyA / ina niyamoM meM se eka bhI niyama aisA nahIM, jo zAstrasammata ho / ye saba ke saba niyama zAstroM se pUrNata: viparIta haiM / pratyeka niyama meM zAstroM ke prati ghora anAdara, avajJA aura upekSA kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI hai| ina niyamoM meM jainadharma ke prANabhUta mahAn siddhAnta ahiMsA, AdhyAtmikatA aura aparigraha kA to bar3I hI nirdayatApUrvaka galA ghoMTa diyA gayA hai| sarvajJa-sarvadarzI vItarAga prabhu kI zAzvata satya avitatha vANI se grathita AgamagranthoM meM jo jaina dharma kA, zramaNa-zramaNiyoM aura zrAvaka zrAvikAoM kA adhyAtma paraka parama punIta nirmala svarUpa citrita kiyA gayA hai, usa para ina azAstrIya daza niyamoM ke daza bar3e-bar3e kutsita kAle dhabbe lagAkara caityavAsiyoM ne dharma aura AcAra ke usa nirmala svarUpa ko malina hI nahIM pUrNataH vikRta kara diyaa| zAstroM meM variNata jaina dharma ke svarUpa ke saMdarbha meM caityavAsiyoM dvArA apanI kapola kalpanA se racita ina daza niyamoM ke tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki caityavAsiyoM ne ratnatrayI jaTita dharma rUpI svarNa ghaTa meM se ahiMsA AdhyAtmikatA aura aparigraha rUpI amRta ko dhali meM uDela kara usa svarNaghaTa meM ghora prArambha-samArambhapUrNa hiMsA aura bAhyADambara kA halAhala viSa bhara diyA hai, jo Atma-vinAzakArI hone ke pariNAmasvarUpa prANiyoM ko ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM bhramaNa karAne vAlA bhI hai / Page #123 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ uttarakAlIna dharmasaMgha meM vikRtiyoM ke prAdurbhAva aura vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi vIra ni0 saM0 1000 se uttaravartI kAla meM, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke adhyAtmaparaka dharmasaMgha meM bhautikatAparaka jo dravya paramparAeM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke mAnasa para, janamAnasa para uttarottara chAtI hI gaIM, una dravya paramparAoM ke prAdurbhAva ke... pIche jaisA ki sAdhAraNatayA samajhA athavA kahA jAtA hai, eka mAtra zithilAcAra athavA mAna-sammAna, yaza-kIrti prApti kI AkAMkSA hI mUla kAraNa va pramukha kAraNa rahA hai, aisA to ekAntataH nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki aitihAsika ghaTanAcakra ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para inake atirikta aura bhI aneka kAraNa prakAza meM Ate haiM / ve haiM : (1) dharma ke pracAra-prasAra hetu prAcArya suhastI aura maurya samrAT samprati kA anusaraNa kara rAjAnoM, mantriyoM Adi se prAcAryoM evaM zramaraNoM kI samparka sAdhanA | ( 2 ) apane dharma saMgha ko jIvita rakhane athavA eka prabhAvakArI dharmasaMgha banAye rakhane ke uddezya se camatkAra pradarzana dvArA, janamAnasa, dhanika varga aura pramukhataH rAjanyavarga ko apanI ora AkarSita karanA, apanA anuyAyI banAnA / (3) duSkAloM ke bhISaNa pariNAmoM se apane prANoM kI rakSA ke sAtha-sAtha bhojana kI sugama sarala sthAyI evaM svAyattazAsI vyavasthA karanA / (4) anya dharmoM ke bar3hate hue prabhAva se jaina dharma kI rakSArtha anya dharmoM ke dhArmika anuSThAnoM ko AtmasAt kara unakA anusaraNa karanA / (5) anuSThAnoM, AyojanoM Adi ke mAdhyama se adhikAdhika logoM ko apane dharmasaMgha kI ora AkarSita karane ke liye ADambarapUrNa janamanaraMjanakArI nita naye dhArmika anuSThAnoM, AyojanoM, utsavoM, mahotsavoM Adi kA AviSkAra evaM pracAra-prasAra / (6) anya dharmAvalambiyoM ke dhArmika vidveSa se apane dharmasaMgha aura svadharmI bandhunoM kI rakSArthaM rAjyAzraya prApti hetu dharmAcAryoM dvArA anuSThAna, yantra, mantra, tantra, kalpa Adi kA prayoga evaM rAjanIti tathA sattA ke saMcAlana meM sakriya yogadAna Adi-zrAdi / Page #124 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 aitihAsika ghaTanAcakra ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para prAyaH sabhI dravya paramparAoM ke udabhava aura utkarSa kI pRSThabhUmi meM upari variNata chaha kAraNoM meM se koI na koI kAraNa avazya rahA hai, isa bAta kI suspaSTa rUpa se puSTi hotI hai / jaba taka bar3e-bar3e samrATa, rAjA-mahArAjA jaina dharma ke anuyAyI rahe taba taka jainadharma khUba phalA-phUlA, yaha eka saMyoga kI bAta hone ke sAtha-sAtha eka aitihAsika tathya bhI hai| antima maurya samrAT vRhadratha ko mAra kara pATalIputra ke siMhAsana para baiThe puSyamitra zuMga ne jisa samaya bauddhoM ke sAtha-sAtha jainoM para bhI atyAcAra karane prArambha kiye to usa samaya kaliMga cakravartI mahAmeghavAhana bhikkhurAya khAravela ne pATalIputra para AkramaNa kara jainadharmAnuyAyiyoM kI rakSA kii| jaina dharmAvalambI cola, cera, pANDya Adi dakSiNa ke rAjavaMzoM ke zaiva ho jAne aura unake dvArA jaina sAdhunoM ke sAmUhika saMhAra aura balAt karavAye gaye jainoM ke sAmUhika dharmaparivartana se jaba jainadharma kA dakSiNa meM astitva taka saMkaTa meM par3a gayA to kalabhroM ne cola, cera aura pANDya ina tInoM sazakta dakSiNI rAjasattAoM ko parAsta kara jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI aura jaina dharmasaMgha kI rakSA kii| - jainadharma ke prabhAva ko bar3hAne ke lie Arya vajra, Arya samita, brahmadIpakasiMha Adi prAcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para apane vidyAbala se rAjAoM, rAjasattAoM evaM prajAjanoM ko prabhAvita kara janamAnasa para jainadharma kA varcasva sthApita kiyaa| prAcIna kAla meM siddhasena divAkara ne rAjasattA ko prabhAvita kara jaina dharma ke varcasva meM ullekhanIya abhivRddhi kii|| ina saba aitihAsika tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vIra nirvANa kI prathama sahasrAbdI se uttaravartI jaina AcAryoM ne bhI apane vidyAbala se rAjAoM ko prabhAvita kara unameM se katipaya ko jainadharmAvalambI, katipaya ko jainadharma kA saMrakSaka aura katipaya ko jainadharma ke prati udAratApUrNa sauhArdra rakhane vAlA bnaayaa| kevala itanA hI nahIM apitu saMkrAntikAla meM jainadharma kI rakSA ke lie dUradarzI jainAcAryoM ne jainadharma ke pakSadhara rAjavaMza kI anivArya AvazyakatA ko anubhava karate hue hoyasala (poyasala) rAjavaMza, gaMgarAjavaMza Adi jaina dharmAvalambI rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA taka kii| usa saMkrAntikAla meM una prAcAryoM kA ekamAtra lakSya yahI thA ki jainarAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA ke sAtha-sAtha unheM sabhI dRSTiyoM se zaktizAlI rAjasattA ke rUpa meM prakaTa kara ke athavA jainetara rAjasattAoM ko jainadharma saMgha kA saMrakSaka banAkara jainoM evaM jainasaMgha kI cahuMmukhI zrIvRddhi kI jaay| apane isa lakSya kI pUrti ke 1 sTaDIja ina sAutha inDiyana jainijma, bAi ema. esa. rAmAsvAmI prAyaMgara, caipTara III. 2 dekhiye prastuta grantha ke "hoyasala rAjavaMza" evaM "gaMgarAjavaMza" nAmaka adhyAya / Page #125 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 67 liye una prAcAryoM ne samaya kI pukAra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue apane ucca zramaNAdarzoM kA balidAna taka kiyaa| saMgha tathA jaina dharma ko jIvita rakhane ke lie una prAcAryoM ne aneka prasaMgoM para aise kArya bhI kiye jo jaina zramaraNa mAtra ke lie paramparA se hI pUrNata: tyAjya mAne gaye haiM / samaSTi ke hita ke lie, dharma para athavA dharmasaMgha para Aye saMkaToM kI ghar3iyoM meM zramaNoM ke lie apavAda mArga ke aneka udAharaNa jaina vAMgmaya meM upalabdha hote haiM, jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki dharmasaMgha para Aye anyAyapUrNa saMkaToM ke kSaNoM zraSThoM ne samaya-samaya para dharmasaMgha kI ghora saMkaTa se rakSA ke liye apavAda rUpa meM zramaraNAcAra meM niSiddha AcaraNa kiyA / kintu saMkaTa ke Tala jAne para una mahAzramaNoM ne apane usa zramaraNadharma se viparIta apavAdasvarUpa sadoSa prAcaraNa ke lie prAyazcita kara usa doSa athavA duSkRta kA zodhana kiyaa| ati purAtana kAla meM labdhidhArI muni viSNukumAra ne labdhi kA camatkAra prakaTa kara zramaraNasaMgha kI rakSA kii| mahAsatI sarasvatI para prAye ghora saMkaTa se unakI rakSA ke lie Arya kAlaka (vIra ni0 saM0 335 se 376) ne zaktizAlI itara rAjyasattA kI sahAyatA se pratyAcArI garda bhilla ko rAjyacyuta kiyA / apane usa apavAda svarUpa doSapUrNa prAcaraNa ke lie unhoMne prAyazcita grahaNa kara Atmazuddhi kI / kintu vIra nirvANa kI prathama sahasrAbdI ke anantara isase nitAnta bhinna sthiti rahI / vIra nirvAraNa kI prathama sahasrAbdI se uttaravartI prAcAryoM ne dharmasaMgha para saMkaTa ke bAdala maNDarAne para samaya-samaya para apavAda mArga kA avalambana kiyA kintu apane isa prAcaraNa ke lie prAyazcita lene ke sthAna para una prAcAryoM ne usa apavAda mArga ko apanI zramaNa paramparA aura apane zramaraNa jIvana kA prAvazyaka sthAyI aMga banAkara tadanukUla zrAcaraNa ko zramaraNa jIvana ke lie kalpanIya hI mAna liyaa| isakA durbhAgyapUrNa pariNAma yaha huA ki apavAda mArga paga-paga para adhikAMza zramaNa paramparAoM ke zramaraNa jIvana kA eka prakAra se anivArya aMga vana gayA aura zanai: zanai: TIkAoM, cUNiyoM bhASyoM Adi meM sthAna pAte pAte isa prakAra kA apavAda mArga kisI virale hI zramaNa saMgha ko chor3a zeSa sabhI zramaNa saMghoM evaM zramaNoM ke jIvana para aisA chA gayA ki vaha unakI dainika zramaraNacaryA kA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa prAvazyaka karttavya bana gyaa| isa prakAra devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa ke pazcAt gauNa banI vizuddha zramaNa paramparA ko chor3a zeSa sabhI zramaNa paramparAtroM meM apavAda mArga ne utsarga mArga kA sthAna graharaNa kara liyA aura isa jainadharma ke mUla svarUpa ke sAthasAtha mUla vizuddha zramaraNAcAra bhI zAstrIya vidhAnoM se nitAnta bhinna svarUpa meM prAyaH sarvatra pracalita ho gayA / tIrthaMkaroM ne jainadharma meM utsarga aura apavAda donoM prakAra ke mArgoM ko sthAna diyA hai / kintu apavAda mArga ko viziSTa prakAra kI aparihArya paristhitiyoM meM hI apanAne kI chUTa dI hai / utsarga mArga eka punIta Page #126 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 68 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 kartavya hai to apavAda mArga majabUrI athavA paravaza avasthA meM kiyA gayA eka aisA kArya jo karttavya kI paridhi se kosoM dUra hai | pUrvagharakAla kI samApti ke anantara arthAt devaddha kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla ke prAcAryoM dvArA nirmita TIkAoM, cUNiyoM bhASyoM Adi jaina vAMgmaya meM apavAda mArga kA bAhulya hai / isa prakAra ke vAMgmaya meM vihita apavAda mArga na to grAhya hI hai aura na mAnya hI / kyoMki jisa prakAra caturdaza pUrvadhara athavA daza pUrvaghara dvArA racita Agama hI mAnya evaM pramANita hotA hai, usI prakAra apavAda mArga bhI ve hI mAnya ho sakate haiM jo caturdaza pUrvadhara athavA daza pUrvadhara dvArA kiye gaye hoM / AgamoM meM utsarga mArga ke sambandha meM eka spaSTa ullekha hai jatthithi kara pharisaM, aMtariya kAraNaM vi uppanne / arahA vikarejja sayaM, taM gacchaM mUlaguraNa mukkaM // arthAt - yadi svayaM koI tIrthaMkara kisI viziSTa kAraNa ke upasthita hone para bhI strI kA sparza kare to vaha gaccha ( zramaraNasaMgha) mUla guraNa se rahita hai / isa utsarga mArga meM kamala prabhAcArya ( caityavAsiyoM dvArA diyA gayA apara nAma sAvadyAcArya) ko : "egaMte micchatthaM, jiraNAraNa AraNA arogatA / " isa gAthArddha ke mAdhyama se apavAda mArga kA AropaNa karane ke pariNAmasvarUpa kisa prakAra asaMkhyAta utsarpiNI avasarpiNI kAla taka naraka tiryaMca Adi yoniyoM meM bhaTakate hue dAruNa duHkha bhogane par3e,' isa ora yadi vIra nirvANa kI prathama sahasrAbdI se uttaravartI AcAryoM ne dhyAna diyA hotA to saMbhavataH ve apanIapanI suvidhAnusAra apanI-apanI dravya paramparAtroM kI zAstrIya mAnyatAoM se nitAnta bhinna svakalpita mAnyatAoM ke anusAra apavAda mArga kA vidhAna nahIM karate / vastusthiti yaha hai ki devaddhagariNa ke svargArohaNa ke anantara bhasmagraha ke prabhAva athavA huNDAvasarpiNI kAla ke prabhAva se athavA parISahabhIrutAvazAt athavA pUjA -- mAna- -pratiSThA - yazakIrti kI kAmanA athavA jainadharma ke hrAsa ko rokane tathA jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra utkarSa kI kAmanA se apavAda mArga kA avalambana le jaina dharma saMgha meM aneka prakAra kI dravya paramparAoM kA prAdurbhAva huA / una dravya paramparAmroM ke prAcAryoM evaM zramaraNa-zramaNiyoM ne mahAnadiyoM ke jalapravAha kI bhAMti apavAdoM kA pravAha pravAhita kara zramaNAcAra ke mUla svarUpa meM yathepsita 1. mahAnizItha, aprakAzita - sAvadyAcArya kA AkhyAna | ( prati - prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, lAlabhavana, jayapura meM upalabdha ) Page #127 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 62 parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma ke AtmA tulya mUlabhUta AdhyAtmika svarUpa meM bhI AmUla-cUla parivartana kara diyA / caityavAsa, maThavAsa, mandiravAsa evaM adhyAtmaparaka bhAvaprarcanA ke viparIta dravya arcanA ke sabhI upakaraNa, sabhI sAdhana, samasta vidhi-vidhAna vastutaH utsarga mArga para chA jAne vAle apavAda mArga kI hI upaja haiM / isa prakAra apavAda mArga ke AdhAra para avalambita ina caityavAsI Adi paramparAoM kA bIjAropaNa vIra nirvAraNa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke uSaHkAla meM hI ho cukA thA kintu devadvikSamAzramaNa ke svargAroharaNa ke pUrva ve na to lokapriya hI ho sakIM aura na prasiddhi ko hI prApta kara sakIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kI adhyAtmamUlaka bhAvaparamparA ke varcasva ke samakSa pUrvaghara kAla meM ye dravya paramparAeM nagaNya rUpa meM gauraNa hI banI rahIM / pUrvajJAna ke dhanI prAcAryo ke tyAga, tapa, teja aura jJAna ke prakAza ke samakSa ye dravya paramparAeM mAtra jyoti riMgaNa - khadyota athavA uDUMgaraNa tulya kahIM kahIM sImita kSetroM meM hI yena kena prakAreNa apanA astitva banAye rahIM kintu devagiriNa zramAzramaraNa ke divaMgata hone ke anantara pUrvajJAna ke dhanI prAcArya ke prabhAva meM caityavAsI paramparA jaisI dravya paramparAnoM kA prabhAva bar3hane lagA / logoM para bar3hate hue apane prabhAva se protsAhita hokara ina dravya paramparAmroM ke AcAryoM ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki uttarottara nirantara druta se drutatara gati se parivartita hotI huI zArIrika, mAnasika, Arthika sAmAjika, bauddhika evaM rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM ke vAtAvaraNa meM jana mAnasa ko parokSa prAdhyAtmika upalabdhiyoM kI apekSA tatkAla jana mana raMjana kArI prayojanoM, aihika sukhopabhoga pradAyI camatkAroM se yathepsita rUpa se mor3a diyA jA sakatA hai / apane isa anubhava ke AdhAra para apane samaya meM badalate hue bauddhika evaM dhArmika dharAtala meM loka pravAha ko apane dharma saMgha kI ora AkarSita karane ke lie una dravya paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ne loka raMjana hetu prADambarapUrNa dhArmika prAyojanoM anuSThAnoM, utsavoM Adi kA aura tatkAla laukika lAbha pahuMcAne hetu yantra mantra tantra japa jApa anuSThAna Adi ke mAdhyama se jana mAnasa para ekAdhipatya ekAdhikAra sthApita karane kA prabala vega se prayAsa prArambha kara diyA / unheM apane isa prayAsa meM AzAtIta saphalatA prApta huI / zrADambarapUrNa dhArmika anuSThAnaprAyojanoM aura camatkAroM ke bala para una dravya paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM ne na kevala janamAnasa ko apitu rAjanyavarga ko bhI apanI ora AkarSita karane meM apane zramaNa AdarzoM ko bhulA paramparA se pravAhita hote prA rahe apane dharmasaMgha ke mUla svarUpa meM hI usake vidhi-vidhAna meM hI pUrNataH parivartana kara diyA / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki tIrthaM pravartana kAla se calI A rahI jaina dharma kI vizuddha zramaNa paramparA kA varcasva samApta ho gayA aura vaha kSINa se kSIraNatara hote hote nitAnta eka nagaNya gauraNa paramparA ke rUpa meM hI kahIM-kahIM avaziSTa raha gaI / cAroM ora ina dravya paramparAoM kA varcasva ho gayA / ina Page #128 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 7. ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 dravya paramparAgoM ke prAcAryoM ne rAjasattA ke sahAre aneka kSetroM meM vizuddha paramparA ke zramaNa zramaNiyoM kA praveza taka niSiddha karavA diyaa| vizuddha zramaNa paramparA kA nAma taka loga bhUla gaye / ina dravya paramparAoM dvArA loka prasiddha kiyA gayA dharma saMgha hI vizuddha dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM jAnA mAnA jAne lagA aura dravya paramparA ke pravartaka ina dravya sAdhunoM kA svarUpa hI loka meM vizuddha zramaNa paramparA ke zramaraNoM ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gyaa| itanA saba kucha hote hae bhI vizuddha zramaNa paramparA kA srota eka kSINatoyA nadI ke rUpa meM pravAhita hotA hI rhaa| kabhI avaruddha nahIM haa| isake sAtha hI sAtha ina dravya paramparAoM ke andara se bhI samaya samaya para aneka prAtmArthI zramaNoM ne zithilAcAra ke viruddha vidroha kara kriyoddhAra karane ke aneka bAra aneka rUpoM meM prayAsa kiye| unake ina prayAsoM para yathAkrama yathAvasara prakAza DAlA jaayegaa| ina dravya paramparAoM ke caramotkarSa kAla meM aneka prAcAryoM dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke mUla AdhyAtmika svarUpa aura ina dravya paramparAoM dvArA loka meM rUDha kara diye gaye vikRta zramaraNa svarUpa ke bIca sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA, isakI sAkSI mahAnizItha sUtra detA hai / dravya paramparA aura bhAva paramparA ke saMgama kA jo ullekha mahAnizItha meM upalabdha hotA hai usa para Age yathA sthAna vizad rUperaNa prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jaavegaa| katipaya prAcIna ullekhoM se yaha anumAna bhI kiyA jAtA hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 me vIra nirvANa samvat 1700 kI avadhi ke bIca kSINa salilA saritA ke rUpa meM avaziSTa rahI bhAva zramaNa paramparA kabhI kabhI uttAla taraMgoM sI taraMgita bhI haI kintu una dravya paramparAoM ke prabala varcasva ke pariNAma svarUpa usakA ubharA huA vega punaH zAnta ho gyaa| isa prakAra vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 se 1700 taka ke jaina dharma ke itihAsa para ye dravya paramparAe hI chAI rahIM / ataH ina paramparAoM kA itihAsa yathAzakya yathopalabdha rUpa meM diye binA jaina dharma kA itihAsa apUrNa hI rhegaa| isa dRSTi se vizuddha zramaNa paramparA kA kramika itihAsa prArambha karane se pUrva ina dravya paramparAoM ke udbhava aura utkarSa kA itihAsa yathAzakya yathopalabdha rUpa meM diyA jA rahA hai| caityavAsI paramparA kA udbhava, utkarSa aura ekAdhipatya jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai-"duraNucaro maggo vIrANaM aniyaTTagAmINaM" .. prAcArAMga sUtra ke isa vacana aura "aNupuvveNa mahAghoraM kAsaveraNa Page #129 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] .. [71 paveiyaM"-- sUtrakRtAMga ke isa sUtra ke anusAra zramaNadharma kA jIvanaparyanta zAstrAjJAnusAra vizuddha rUpa se pAlana karanA, talavAra kI tIkhI dhAra para naMge pAMva athavA jAjvalyamAna aMgAroM para calane ke samAna ati duSkara evaM parama dussAdhya hai| (yaha vastutaH anupama sAhasI siMha tulya parAkrama vAle narasiMhoM kA hI kAma hai, na ki kApuruSoM kaa|) jisa alaukika dhairya, zaurya aura sAhasa ke sAtha zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane sAdhanAkAla meM mumukSuoM ke lie pratIkAtmaka vizuddha evaM parama dussAdhya zramaNAcAra kA pAlana kiyA, use pAgama meM anupameya kahA hai| kaivalya kI prApti ke anantara una prabhu mahAvIra dvArA sthApita caturvidha tIrtha ke pramukha aMga zramaraNazramaNI varga ne bhI adbhut sAhasa ke sAtha prabhu ke padacinhoM para calate hue vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt bhI unakA dharmasaMgha zatAbdiyoM taka satat jAgarUka rahakara zAstrAjJAnusAra vizuddha zramaraNAcAra kA hI pAlana karatA rhaa| _ jyoM-jyoM samaya bItatA gayA aura apakarSonmukha avasarpiNI kAla ke prabhAva se zArIrika saMhanana, saMsthAna, zakti, sAhasa, zaurya, sahiSNutA, kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, buddhibala, anAsakti, Astikya aura anahaMkAra Adi utkRSTa mAnavIya guNoM kA anukrama se uttarottara hrAsa hotA gayA, tyoM-tyoM dhIre-dhIre isa parama punIta zramaNa paramparA meM bhI kAla prabhAva se vikAroM kA praveza prArambha ho gyaa| yoM to pratyeka avasarpiNIkAla apakarSonmukha-- hvAsonmukha hotA hai| usameM sabhI pudgaloM ke varNa, gandha, rUpa, rasa, sparza meM, bala, vIrya, pauruSa, parAkrama meM, zArIrika saMhanana, saMsthAna Adi Adi guNoM meM aura saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to jitanI bhI acchAiyAM haiM, unameM anukramaza: anantagunA hrAsa hotA jAtA hai| parantu pravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla vastutaH huNDAvasarpiNI kAla hai| huNDAvasarpiNI kAla kA artha hai bhoMr3e se bhoMDA, bhadde se bhaddA nikRSTa avapiNI kAla / aisA huNDAvasarpiNI kAla arthAt nikRSTa hAsonmakha kAla ananta avasapiriNayoM ke bIta jAne ke pazcAt AtA hai / vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM avasarpiNI aura huNDAvasapiNI kAla ke prabhAva ke sAtha-sAtha asaMyatI-pUjA nAma ke Azcarya ne bhI apanA prabhAva prakaTa karanA prArambha kiyaa| ina tInoM azubha yogoM ke sAtha hI sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samaya jo 2000 varSa taka apanA prabhAva prakaTa karane vAlA bhasmagraha lagA thA, usakA bhI prabhAva bar3hane lgaa| isa prakAra avasarpiNIkAla, huNDAvasarpiNIkAla, asaMyatI-pUjA nAmaka Azcarya aura bhasmagraha-- ina cAra ghora amaMgalakArI yogoM ke prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa satat pravAhamAna jaina paramparA ko aise dina dekhane par3e jaise ananta pratIta kAla kI sAdhAraNa avasapiriNayoM meM kabhI nahIM dekhane par3e the| Page #130 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 193 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 zikSita cAra prabhAta ina ghora amaMgalakArI yogoM ke kAraNa burI taraha badalI huI sAmAjika evaM prAkRtika paristhitiyoM meM prabhAva prAdi aneka kaThinAiyoM ke kAraNa jina zramaNoM ne zithilAcAra kI zaraNa lI, unheM usa samaya ke logoM dvArA tatkAla lokanindA kA bhAjana honA pdd'aa| yaha svAbhAvika bhI thA kyoMki jaina AgamoM meM vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA vizad evaM yathAvat rUpa vidyamAna thA evaM usa para calane vAlA zramaNa zramaNI samUha bhI usa samaya taka bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM vidyamAna thA / zithilAcAra kI ora jhuke parISaha bhIru zramaraNoM ne lokadRSTi meM giratI huI apanI pratiSThA ko bacAne evaM apane mithyA ahaM kI puSTi ke liye aneka naye-naye mArga khojane prArambha kiye / anya saMpradAyoM ke bar3hate ADambaroM aura AkarSaNoM ke bIca zramaNAcAra kI zAstra kathita paramparA kA sAdhAraNa sAdhakoM ke lie pAlana karanA ati kaThina hI nahIM balki asambhava samajhakara tatkAlIna prAcAryoM ne samayAnusAra suvidhAjanaka mArga nikAlane kA vicAra kara caityavAsa aura bhaktibhAva kI chAyA meM nayA mArga DhUMDha nikAlA / unhoMne bhole-bhAle andha-zraddhAlu logoM ko jAdU TonA, yantra, mantra Adi thothe camatkAroM evaM bhautika pralobhanoM meM phaMsA kara unheM apane bhakta banAnA prArambha kiyA / ve kahane lage ki kalikAla kI badalI huI paristhitiyoM meM Agamavihita zramaNAcAra kA pAlana nitAnta asambhava hai / kevala kaThora tapazcaraNa, parISahasahana, parigraha parityAga, bhikSATana, apratihata vihAra Adi hI mokSa ke sAdhana hoM, aisI bAta nahIM hai / ina ati duSkara kAryoM ke atirikta caityanirmANa, caityavandana pUjana, arcana, tIrthayAtrA, pratiSThA mahotsava, prabhAvanA vitaraNa Adi-Adi aneka janamanaraMjanakArI sarala, sukara kAryoM se bhI, mokSa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaba logoM ne pahalI bAra yaha sunA to dhIre-dhIre loga zithilAcArI zramaNoM kI ora AkarSita hone lage / vastutaH kaSTabhIrutA aura skhalanA sadA se hI mAnavasvabhAva kI bahuta bar3I durbalatA rahI hai / kevala parama virakta, prabuddha evaM sacce mumukSu hI paga-paga para kaSToM se bhare kaNTakAkIrNa muktipatha ke lakSyavedhIpAragAmI pathika bana sakate haiM / abodha janasAdhAraNa to kaSTapUrNa patha se sadA katarAtA aura ADambarapUrNa sahaja sugama mArga kA hI anugamana karatA AyA hai / I zithilAcAra kI ora unmukha hue una zramaraNoM ne isa prakAra apanI giratI huI pratiSThA ko kucha sImA taka bacAye rakhane meM saphalatA prApta kii| unhoMne dharma ke nAma para aneka aise ADambarapUrNa evaM AkarSaka nita naye vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ' pracalana kiyA, jinakA AgamoM meM kahIM koI vidhAna to dUra, ullekha taka nahIM hai / sarvaprathama kisI sthAna vizeSa para tIrthaMkaroM kI niSadyAoM athavA tIrthakaroM ke nirvAraNAnantara unake pArthiva zarIra ke antima saMskAra-sthaloM para nirmita stUpoM Page #131 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi J (thUbhoM) para pASANamUrtiyoM kI evaM pAyAga-paTToM kI sthApanA kI gaI / ' tadanantara mandiroM kA nirmANa pratiSThA-mahotsava, tIrthayAtrAoM Adi bahujanAkarSaka lokaraMjanakArI AyojanoM kA pracalana kiyA gyaa| aise AyojanoM ke avasaroM para prabhAvanAoM kA vitaraNa bhI anya tIthikoM kI dekhAdekhI prArambha kiyA gayA / ina AyojanoM, utsavoM aura prabhAvanAoM ke mAdhyama se logoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karane meM paryApta saphalatA milii| isase utsAhita ho una veSadhArI zramaNoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paramparAgata mUla dharma saMgha se bhinna apanA eka pRthak 'dharmasaMgha' banAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| vIra ni0 saM0 850 meM caityavAsI saMgha kI sthApanA kI gii| caityavAsI. saMgha kA zramaNa-zramaNI varga caityavAsI nAma se pahacAnA jAne lgaa| caityavAsI sAdhuoM ne apratihata vihAra kA parityAga kara caityoM meM hI niyata nivAsa prArambha kara diyaa| una caityavAsI sAdhunoM ne apane bhaktajanoM se dravya lekara apane-apane mandira banavAye / una mandiroM meM hI bhagavAn ko bhoga lagAne ke nAma para bar3I-bar3I pAkazAlAe banavA kara una pAkazAlAbhoM se prAghAkarmI AhAra lenA prArambha kara diyA / isa prakAra dhIre-dhIre vIra ni0 saM0 850 meM khule rUpa meM niyamita rUpa se caityoM meM rahanA aura AdhAkarmI AhAra lenA prArambha ho gyaa| - jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka pUrvadhara mahAn prAcAryoM kI vidyamAnatA meM to zramaNAcAra kI paripAlanA meM zithila bane una zramaNoM dvArA saMsthApita navIna mAnyatAoM vAlA caityavAsI saMgha, anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA, pracAra-prasAra evaM kSamatA kI dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke adhyAtmaparAyaNa mUla dharmasaMgha kI tulanA meM gauNa hI banA rhaa| vaha mUla dharmasaMgha ke pUrvadhara prAcAryoM ke varcasva ke kAraNa dezavyApI pracAra-prasAra nahIM pA skaa| kintu antima pUrvadhara Arya devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargavAsa ke anantara isa navIna mAnyatA vAle caityavAsI dharmasaMgha kI zakti bar3e prabala vega se bar3hane lgii| anya tIthikoM kI dekhAdekhI aura unake pracAra-prasAra ko dekhakara unhoMne bhI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThApanA mandiroM ke nirmANa, mandiroM meM vAdyavRndoM ke sAtha saMgIta, bhajana evaM kIrtana, udyApana, rathayAtrA, saMghayAtrA aura paMcakalyANaka mahotsava Adi prAyojana prArambha kiye / mandiroM meM vividha vAdyayantroM kI tAna aura tAla ke sAtha sadhe mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se nikalA kaniSka saM0 79 (vIra ni0 saM0 684) kA prAkRta lekha saM. 56 :-pra. 1 saM. 70 6-varSa 4 di. 20 etasyAM pUrvAyAM koTTiyegaNe vairAyAM zAkhAyAM""2 ko praya vRghahasti prarahato Nandi (mA) vartasa pratimaM nivartayati ba""bhAryaye zrAvikAye (dinAye) dAnaM pratimA bauddha thupe devanirmite pra. -jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 42-43 mANi. di. grantha. samiti Page #132 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 74 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 hue kaNThoM se taraMgita huI sumadhura svara lahariyoM se vimugdha hue loga uttarottara bar3I saMkhyA meM ina mandiroM meM jAne lage / zanaiH zanaiH vAdya yantroM kI samadhura dhuna ke sAtha gAye jAne vAle bhajanoM aura kIrtanoM ke mAdhyama se mandiroM meM bhaktirasa kI saritAeM pravAhita hone lagIM / gAyaka bhI aura zrotA bhI kSaNa bhara ke lie laukika jaMjAloM ko bhUla kara bhakti ke rasa meM DUbane-jhUmane lage / yahI sabase bar3A, sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aura sabase prabala kAraraNa thA, jisase lokapravAha mandiroM kI ora haThAt umar3a par3A / isase logoM ko kucha samaya ke lie zAnti ke sAtha-sAtha mandiroM kI AvazyakatA kA aura zanaiH zanaiH mandiroM- mUrtiyoM ke praucitya kA bhI anubhava hone lagA 5 bhavya mUrtiyoM se suzobhita mandiroM ke darzana se bhakta jana apanI cakSu indriyoM ko, sugandhita dhUpoM kI evaM bhInI-bhInI sugandha vAle vividha vargoM ke sumanoM kI sugandha se apanI ghrANendriya ko, bhaktirasa se otaprota svaralahariyoM se apanI zravaNendriya ko aura bhakti sudhA se apane mAnasa ko tRpta karane ke lie isa prakAra ke bhavya AyojanoM meM adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM sammilita hone lage / vizAla saMghoM ke sAtha tIrthayAtrAoM meM bhI naye-naye grAmoM, nagaroM ke sAthasAtha latA - gulmoM aura vizAla vRkSarAjiyoM se prAcchAdita vanoM, parvata-zra NiyoM tathA kala-kala ninAda karate hue jharanoM, saritAoM Adi ke prAkRtika dRzyoM ko dekhane kA pralobhana, AkarSaNa bhI logoM ko sthAna-sthAna para prAyojita tIrthayAtrAoM meM sammilita hone kA kAraNa banA / [ isa prakAra naye sire se nayI umaMgoM aura utsAha ke sAtha prArambha kiye gaye ina navIna vidhi-vidhAnoM evaM prayojanoM se caityavAsa bar3A hI lokapriya hone lagA / una caityavAsiyoM ke andha zraddhAluoM ne udAratApUrvaka Arthika sahAyatA dekara caityavAsI saMgha ko sudRr3ha, sakSama ra sabala bnaayaa| loga uttarottara adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM caityavAsiyoM ke anuyAyI aura parama bhakta banane lage / apane bhaktoM kI saMkhyA apane saMgha kI sabalatA aura apane saMgha dvArA pracalita kiye gaye nitya naye prayojanoM aura vidhi-vidhAnoM kI lokapriyatA se protsAhita ho caityavAsiyoM ne caityavAsI zramaraNoM ke jIvana ko susampanna gRhasthoM ke jIvana se bhI adhika sukhopabhogapUrNa, sarala, nizcinta aura sabhI bhAMti susAdhya banAne ke uddezya se aise daza niyama bhI banAye jo zAstroM meM varNita zramaNAcAra se pUrNata: viparIta the / una daza niyamoM kA pichale adhyAya meM vistAra ke sAtha ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, ataH yahAM unake sambandha meM punaH prakAza DAlane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / (caityavAsiyoM ne una daza niyamoM kA pAlana pratyeka caityavAsI sAdhu ke lie granivArya banAkara aura apanI kapola kalpanAnusAra banAye gaye naye-naye Page #133 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSTha bhUmi ] [ 75 vidhi-vidhAnoM evaM aneka prakAra kI azAstrIya mAnyatAoM kA pracAra-prasAra kara jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa meM hI AmUla-cUla parivartana kara diyA / prabhu mahAvIra dvArA tIrtha pravartana ke samaya se lekara Arya devarddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone taka jaina dharma aura zramaraNAcAra kA jo rUpa akSuNNa rahA thA, usameM caityavAsiyoM dvArA kaisA AmUla cUla parivartana kiyA gayA aura dharma evaM zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa meM kisa kisa prakAra kI vikRtiyAM utpanna kI gaI, isa sambandha meM saMgha paTTaka kI prastAvanA meM bar3A acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai / usa prastAvanA ke etadviSayaka katipaya uddharaNa yahAM yathAvat prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM / saMghapaTTaka kI prastAvanA meM likhA hai : "A rIte bhagavAn thI ATha sau pacAsa varSa caityavAsa sthapAyo to paraNa tenaM, kharekharU' jora vIra prabhu eka hajAra varSa bItyAM keDe baghavA mAMDyaM / zrA arasA mAM caityavAsa ne siddha karavA mATe Agama nAM pratipakSa tarIke nigama nAM nAma tale upaniSado nAM grantho gupta rIte racavA mAM zrAvyA bhane tesro dRSTivAda nAmanA bAramAM aMganAM truTelA kakar3A che ema loko ne samabhAvavA mAM prAvyaM / e granthoM mAM evaM sthApanA karavAM mAM vyaM, che ke Aja kAla nAM sAdhuoe caitya mAM vAsa karavo vyAjabI che temaja temaraNe pustakAdi nAM jarUrI kAma mAM khapa lAge mATe yathAyogya paisA TakA paraNa saMgharavA joie / ityAdi aneka zithilAcAra nI tezro e himAyata karavA mAMDI ne jo thor3A gharaNAM vasativAsI munio rahiyA hatA temanI aneka rIte avagaraNanA karavA mAMDI / devaddhagariNa paryanta sAdhuno no mukhya gaccha ekaja hato, chatAM kAraNa-paratve tene jUdA jUdA nAma thI prolakhavA mAM zrAvela che / jema ke saruprAta mAM tenA mUla sthApaka sudharma gaNadhara nA nAma para thI te saudharma gaccha kahevAto hto| tyA ker3e caudamA pATe samaMtabhadra sUrie vanavAsa svIkAryA eTale te vanavAsI gaccha kahevAyo | tyAra ker3a e koTi mantra jApa nA kAraNa te koTika gaccha kahevAyo / chatAM temA aneka zAkhAtroM ne kulo thayA paraNa te paraspara avirodhI hatA / kema ke koI ne paraNa potAnAM gaccha no yA zAkhA no yA kula no ahaMkAra athavA mamatvabhAva na hato / paraNa caityavAsa zuru thatAM maraNe svagaccha nAM vakhAraNa ane para gaccha nIM helanA karavA mAMDI eTale prarasaparasa virodhI gacchoM ubhA thayA / gaccha zabda no mUla artha e che ke gaccha athavA garaNa - eTale sAdhuzranuM TolaM I mATe gaccha zabda kaI kharAba nathI, paraNa gaccha mATe ahaMkAra mamatva ke kadAgraha karavo teja kharAba che / chatAM caityavAsa mAM tevo kadAgraha vadhavA mAMDyo / zraUpara thI te mAM kusaMpa badhyo, ekya tra TyaM / have eka gaccha mAM thI caurAsI gaccha thaI paDyA / tezro ekamekane toDavA maMDyA ane prA rIte samAdhimaya dharma nAM sthAne kalaha kaMkasamaya adharma nAM bIja ropAyAM / Page #134 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 76 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pAMcavAM pArarUpa avasarpiNI kAla eTale par3ato kAla to hamezA prAvyA kare paNa agAu kAMI A jainadharma mAM prAvI dhAMdhala UbhI thaI nathI paNa hamaNAno par3ato kAla sAdhAraNa rIte par3atA kAla nAM karatAM kaiMka jUdI tareha no hovA thI te haMDa eTale atizaya bhaMDo hovA thI tene haMDAvasarpiNI kAla kahevA mAM Avyo che / Avo kAla anantI avasarpiNioM bItatAMja Ave che / tevo pA cAlU kAla thayo che / te sAthe vIra prabhu nAM nirvANa vakhate be hajAra varSa no bhasmagraha beThelo te sAthe malyo, temaja tenI sAthe asaMyatIpUjA rUpa dasavoM achero potAnuM jora batAvavA lAgyo / ema cAre saMyogo bhegA thavA thI A caityavAsa rUpa kumArga jaina dharma nAM nAmeM caumera phailAvA mAMDyo / guruno svArthI thaI yogyAyogya no vicAra par3ate mUkI jo hAtha mAM Avyo tene maMDI ne potA nAM vAr3A badhAravA mAMDyA ane chevaTe becAtA celA laI vinA vairAgye temane potA nAM vArasa tarIke nImavA maaNddyaa| have kahevata chai ke yathA gurustathA ziSyo, yathA rAjA tathA prjaa| te pramANe guruo zithila thatAM temanAM tAbA nIcenA yatiyo temanA karatAM paNa vaghaM zithila thyaa| tetro davA, dArU, Do, dhAgA bagaira karI ne loko ne vaza mAM rAkhavA lAgyA, vepAra karavA lAgyA tathA khetara-vAr3I suddhA karavA tatpara thayA / tema chatAM tezro potA ne mahAvIra prabhunA vArasa celAmo tarIke aolakhAvI potAM nuM bhAna sAcavavA maaNddyaa| prANImera temanAM rAgI zrAvako prAMdhalA banI temanA paMjA mAM sapar3AI tesro je kAMI UMghaM cataM samajhAve te badhu bagaira vicAre ane vagara takarAre hAM jI hAM jI karI svIkAravA lAgyA / kAraNa ke loko no mukhya bhAga hamezA bholo rahe / te thI tevA bholApro ne, kapaTI veSadhArI caityavAsimo aneka bAhanAM UbhA karI ne ThagavA maaNddyaa| AvI gar3abar3a thor3Aja vakhata mAM baha badhI par3I eTale devadigaNi nAM pachI 55 varSa svargavAsI thayelA haribhadrasUrie mahAnizIthano uddhAra karatAM caityavAsa no sArI rIte tiraskAra ko cha / sadaraha haribhadrasUri caityavAsiyoM nAM maMDala mAM dIkSita thayA hatA chatAM parama vidvAn hovA thI temaNe temanAM pakSanaM khUba khaMDana karyu che|| ' prastAvanAkAra ne yaha ullekha katipaya granthakAroM ke bhrAntipUrNa ullekha ke mAdhAra para kara diyA hai / vastuta: vIra ni0 saMvat 1055 meM svargastha hue hArila sUri apara nAma haribhadra ne mahAnizItha kA uddhAra nahIM kiyA thaa| isakA uddhAra yAkinI mahattarAsUnu, bhavaviraha haribhadrasUri ne kiyA thA, jo ki vIra ni0saM0 1255 meM vidyamAna the| vistAra ke lie dekhie prastuta grantha kA hI 26vaM yugapradhAna hArilasUri kA vivaraNa / mahAnizItha ke dvitIya adhyayana kI puSpikA evaM prabhAvaka caritra haribhadrasUricaritama kA zloka saM0 216 / --sampAdaka Page #135 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 77 zrI mAmalo eTale lagaraNa badhyo ke nirgrantha mArga virala thaI paDyo, nirgrantha pravacana para tAlAM devAyA / ane kapolakalpita grantho temanI jagyAe UbhA karavA mAM zrAvyA / eTalaM ja nahIM paraNa vikrama saMvat 802 nI sAla mAM vanarAja cAvar3A e jyAre aNahilapura pATaNa vasAvyaM tyAre temanAM caityavAsI guru zIlaguNasUrie tenAM pAse thI evo rukko lakhAvI lIgho ke AA rAja nagara mAM amArA pakSanAM yatitro sivAya vasativAsi sAdhusro dAkhala thavA nahi devA / " 7 saMghapaTTaka kI prastAvanA ke uparyukta ullekhoM aura pichale adhyAya meM prastuta kiye gae mahAnizItha ke ullekhoM se yaha bhalI-bhAMti spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki caityavAsiyoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pradarzita evaM pravartita dharma ke mUla svarUpa tathA zramaraMgAcAra meM AmUlacUla parivartana kara kisa prakAra ise kaluSita aura vikRta kara diyA / caityavAsiyoM ne dharma kI prAraNabhUtA AdhyAtmikatA, ahiMsA, aparigraha, guNapUjA, niranjana nirAkAra, zuddha, buddha, vimukta aura satya N zivaM sundaram svarUpa vAle Atmadeva kI AdhyAtmika upAsanA, bhAvapUjA ko chor3a chiTakA kara, use pUrNataH upekSita aura vismRta kara inake sthAna para bhautikatA, hiMsA, parigraha, dravyAcaMna jar3apUjA ko dharma ke sarvocca siMhAsana para virAjamAna kara ke zAstroM meM pratipAdita zuddha zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa ko burI taraha kalaMkita aura kaluSita banA diyA / caityavAsiyoM dvArA banAye gae ina daza niyamoM meM ( mahAnizItha meM variNata unake zAstra viruddha AcAra vicAra aura saMghapaTTaka mUla evaM usakI prastAvanA meM variNata unake anAcArapUrNa zramaNAcAra ko eka bAra dekhane, par3hane mAtra se hI suspaSTa dikhAI dete caityavAmI paramparA dvArA apanI kapola kalpanA se caityavAsI paramparA ke zramaNoM ke liye grAviSkRta zramaNAcAra meM ) vastuta: zAstroM meM pratipAdita zramaNAcAra ke guNoM meM se kisI eka bhI guNa ko sthAna nahIM diyA gyaa| isake viparIta zAstroM meM vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke jitane dopa batAye gaye haiM, unameM se prAyaH sabhI bar3e-bar3e doSoM ko apanI paramparA zramaNoM ke prAcAra meM pramukha sthAna de diyA gyaa| udAharaNa svarUpa dekhA jAe to zAstroM meM sAdhu dvArA sarvaprathama aMgIkAra kiye jAne vAle prathama mahAtrata ahiMsA meM SaDjIvanikAya ke jIvoM ke prArambha samArambhapUrNa sabhI prakAra ke kAryoM ko jIvana paryanta trikaraNa evaM triyoga se na karane, na karavAne aura na anumodana karane kA spaSTa vidhAna hai, parantu caityavAsI paramparA ne apane sAdhuoM ke lie jo zramAcAra apanI kalpanAnusAra aura zAstroM ko eka ora tAka meM rakhakara nirdhArita kiyA usameM sAdhuo ke lie yaha anivArya rakhA gayA ki ve caMtyoM meM hI niyata vAsa kareM / catyoM kA nirmANa karavAkara unheM apanI sampatti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kareM / caityoM ke nirmANa jIrNoddhAra Adi ghora prArambha-samArambhapUrNa kAryoM meM mana, vacana, karma se sakriya bhAga lenA caityavAsI sAdhu ke lie kisI prakAra kA doSa nahIM mAnA gyaa| isake viparIta ina saba kAryoM ko karavAne kI caityavAsI sAdhutroM ko khulI chUTa dI gayI / zAstroM meM sAdhu ke lie pradhAkarmI prahAra grahaNa karane kA ekAntataH niSedha hai, isake Page #136 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 78 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 bilakula viparIta(caityavAsI paramparA dvArA apane zramaNoM ke liye banAye gaye daza niyamoM meM se prathama niyama meM hI caityavAsI sAdha ko prAdhAkarmI mAhAra grahaNa karane kI khulI chUTa dete hue kahA gayA hai ki prAdhAkarmI pAhAra grahaNa karane meM sAmpratayugIna sAdhu ko kisI bhI prakAra kA doSa nahIM lagatA / itanA hI nahIM jina caityoM meM caityavAsI sAdha niyata nivAsa karate the una caityoM meM bhagavAna ko bhoga lagAne ke lie unake dvArA pAkazAlAeM calAI jAtI thiiN| una pAkazAlAoM meM se caityavAsI sAdhuoM ko yathepsita bhojana sarvadA lete rahane kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza thaa| zAstroM meM zramaNAcAra kA jo svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, usameM sAdhu ke lie Avazyaka dharmopakaraNa ke atirikta anya kisI bhI vastu ke rakhane kA pUrNataH niSedha hai| sAdhu vastutaH aparigraha mahAvata kA dhAraka hotA hai ataH use rupayA paisA grAdi sabhI prakAra ke parigraha se sadA jIvana-paryanta dUra rahane kA spaSTa nirdeza hai| para isake viparIta caityavAsI sAdhanoM ke lie (caityavAsI paramparA dvArA banAye gae niyamoM meM se niyama saM0 4 meM caityavAsI sAdhu ko dhana rakhane kI chUTa dete hue spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai : "sAdhu apane pAsa dhana kA saMgraha kareM / yadyapi zAstroM meM sAdhu ke lie dhana rakhane kA niSedha hai, tathApi sAmpratakAlIna sAdhuoM ke lie dhana rakhanA ucita aura prAvazyaka ho gayA hai|" caityavAsiyoM ne sarvajJapraNIta AgamoM kI apekSA bhI apanI kapola-kalpanA ko, apanI dimAgI upaja ko sarvopari prAmANika mAnate hae caityavAsI sAdhunoM ke lie banAye gaye dasa niyamoM meM se nauveM niyama meM to AgamoM ke viruddha eka prakAra se khulA vidroha hI ghoSita kara diyA thaa| niyama saM0 6 meM likhA hai : "sAdhu isa prakAra kI kriyAnoM kA svayaM AcaraNa kareM tathA una kriyAoM ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA upadeza evaM pracAra-prasAra kara logoM se una kriyAoM kA pAlana karavAyeM jo zanai: zanai: mokSamArga kI ora le jAne vAlI haiN| yadi isa prakAra kI kriyAoM kA, bAtoM kA, vidhi-vidhAnoM kA AgamoM meM ullekha nahIM hai, to AgamoM kI upekSA kareM / AgamoM meM yadi una kriyAoM kA niSedha hai to pAgama vacana kA anAdara karake bhI una kriyAoM ko svayaM karatA rahe tathA dUsaroM se una kriyAoM kA AcaraNa karavAtA rahe / kyoMki bhagavAn kA siddhAnta anekAntamaya hai / amuka kArya ekAntataH karanA hI cAhiye aura amuka kArya ekAntata: nahIM karanA cAhiye, aisA koI nirdeza jaina siddhAnta meM nahIM hai / aneka prakaraNIya kAryoM ke karane aura aneka karane yogya kAryo ke na karane kA ullekha aAgamoM meM aneka sthAnoM para hai|" Page #137 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [76 9(isa niyama ke bana jAne ke pazcAta caityavAsI paramparA meM zAstrIya maryAdA nAma kI koI cIja nahIM bcii)| caityavAsI sAdhu ko isa bAta kI pUrNa svatantratA de dI gaI ki jisa ko vaha acchA samajhe athavA acchA kaha de vahI kArya caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie mukti kI ora le jAne vAlA dharmakArya svIkArya ho / zAstra meM yadi usa kArya ke karane kA niSedha hai, use rasAtala kI pora le jAne vAlA batAyA gayA hai to bhI caityavAsI paramparA kA anuyAyI usa kI ora koI dhyAna nahIM de apitu pUrNata: usa zAstravacana kI avahelanA kre| (isa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA dvArA banAye gaye niyamoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue caityavAsI paramparA dvArA nirdhArita athavA svIkRta dharma ke svarUpa para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAe to nirvivAda rUpa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ne saMsAra ke prANimAtra ke kalyANa ke liye jisa jina dharma kA upadeza diyA thA, usa zAzvata sanAtana jaina dharma se pUrNataH viparIta (pUrNataH bhinna koI dUsarA hI) dharma ko caityavAsiyoM ne jaina dharma ke nAma para pracalita kiyA thaa| caityavAsiyoM ne usa apane kapolakalpita dharma kA nAma jaina dharma to avazya rakhA parantu vastutaH use jaina dharma nahIM kaha kara jainAbhAsa dharma kahanA hI ucita ho sakatA hai| yaha to nivivAda hai ki AjIvana asidhArA para calane tulya ati duSkara evaM ghora dussAdhya vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI paripAlanA meM akSama parISahabhIru zramaNoM ne zithilAcAra kI zaraNa lekara caityavAsa paramparA ko janma diyaa| zithilAcAra. kI paMkila bhUmi se isakA prAdurbhAva hayA aura zithilAcAra kI zithila nIMva para .. hI caityavAsI paramparA kA vizAla bhavana khar3A kiyA gayA / A svayaM dvArA prAcarita zithilAcAra ke aucitya kI janamAnasa para chApa jamAne ke liye caityavAsI paramparA ke saMsthApakoM ne apanI una prazAstrIya mAnya. tAoM kI puSTi meM uparyukta 10 niyamoM ke atirikta nigama ke nAma para upaniSadoM ke samAna AgamoM ke pratipakSI aneka granthoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| bhole logoM ko sama. jhAyA gayA ki ye vicchinna hue dRSTivAda ke aMza haiM / una granthoM meM apanI mAnyatAoM ke azAstrIya aura jaina siddhAnta ke parNataH pratikUla hote hue bhI unheM zAstrIya aura jaina siddhAntAnukUla siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| una granthoM meM nayI-nayI mAnyatAnoM kA, caitya-nirmANa, pratimA-nirmANa, caitya paripATI, pratimAnoM meM prANa pratiSThA, pratimA pUjA vidhi, tIrtha mAhAtmya, tIrthayAtrA prAdi-prAdi ke sambandha meM aneka naye-naye vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vistAra ke sAtha samAveza kiyA gyaa| pratyeka dhArmika kRtya ke sAtha artha pradhAna bAhya karmakANDoM kA puTa aura bAhyADambarA kA saMpuTa 1 caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha hI unake ve anya bhI prAya: lupta ho gaye pratIta hote haiN| -sampAdaka Page #138 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 80 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 lagAyA gayA / caityavAsI paramparA ke prAdurbhAva ke samaya se isake abhyudaya utkarSa aura caramotkarSa kAla taka caityavAsiyoM dvArA sarvajJa praraNIta jaina dharma ke svarUpa meM samaya - samaya para isa prakAra ke uttarottara adhikAdhika yatheccha parivartana-parivarddhana kiye jAte rahe / svAdhyAya, dhyAna, cintana manana- stavana, AtmaramaraNa rUpI bhAva - pUjA ke sthAna para dravyapUjA kA pracalana kara caityavAsiyoM ne use uttarottara adhikAdhika protsAhita kiyA / caityavAsiyoM ne laukika evaM pAralaukika pralobhanoM ke mAdhyama se janamAnasa ko aneka prakAra ke dhArmika utsavoM, mahotsavoM, yAtrA saMghoM, aura pratiSThA mahotsavoM Adi kI ora AkRSTa karane kA nirantara prayAsa kiyA / sAmAjika sammAna evaM ubhayalaukika pralobhanoM se lubdha ho loka-pravAha bAhyADambara evaM dravyapUjA kI ora umar3a par3A / saba ora - grAma grAma, nagara- nagara bar3a e ADambaroM ke sAtha caityAlayoM kI pratiSThAeM kI jAne lagIM, aura choTe bar3e sabhI prakAra ke dharmakRtyoM ko bar3e hI ADambara ke sAtha utsavoM auaura mahotsavoM ke rUpa meM niSpanna kiyA jAne lagA / isa prakAra ke AyojanoM ke avasara para nAriyaloM se le kara moharoM taka kI prabhAvanAeM bAMTI jAne lagIM / mandira nirmAraNa, jIrNoddhAra, saMghayAtrA evaM prabhAvanA Adi ke prazna ko lekara usa samaya logoM meM paraspara pratisparddhA prabala se prabalatara hotI gaI- logoM meM hor3a sI laga gaI / usa samaya ke loka-pravAha ko bher3acAla kI saMjJA dete hue tatkAlIna paristhiti kA nimnalikhita prAcIna gAthAnoM meM bar3A hI spaSTa citraraNa kiyA gayA hai : ---- gaDDari-pavAho jo pai nayaraM dIsae bahujaNehiM / jirAhi kAravAI, suttaviruddha asuddho ya // 6 // so hoi davvadhammo, apahAraNo neva nivvu I jaragai / suddho dhammo bIzro, mahino par3isoyagAmIhiM // 7 // par3hama guragaThANe je jIvA, ciTThati tesi so par3hamo / hoi iha davva dhammo, zravisuddho bIyanAyeNaM / / 10 / / avira guragaThAgAIsu, je ya ThiyA te si bhAvapro bIoo / te juyA te jIvA, huti sabIyA ano suddho // 11 // 1 arthAta --mAja jo bher3acAla ke samAna pratyeka nagara meM bahuta se logoM dvArA jina gRhoM -- jina mandiroM ke nirmANa Adi kArya karavAye jA rahe haiM, ve sUtraviruddha aura azuddha haiM / vaha to kevala mithyA dharma hai, jo nivRtti kA janaka arthAt mokSa ' ye gAthAeM bhI isa bAta kA prabala pramANa hai ki caityavAsiyoM ke caramotkarSa kAla meM bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNa vidyamAna the aura ve logoM ko dharmaM ke vAstavika svarUpa kA upadeza dete rahate the / sampAdaka Page #139 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 81 dAyaka nahIM hai / zuddha dharma to vastutaH isase bhinna dUsarA hI hai, jo pratisrotagAmiyoM arthAt bhautika pravAha ke pratikUla prAdhyAtmika patha para agrasara hone vAle mahApuruSoMtIrthaMkaroM dvArA prAcarita evaM prazaMsita hai / prathama guNa sthAna (mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna) meM jo jIva saMsthita haiM, unake lie yaha prathama dravyadharma hai, jo bIjanyAya-mala nyAya athavA bodhibIja-samyaktva ke prabhAva kI dRSTi se avizuddha hai / jo jIva avirata nAmaka cauthe guNasthAna meM sthita haiM, unake lie to vaha bhAvapUjA nAmaka dUsarA dharma hI AcaraNIya aura zreyaskara hai, jo vastuta: pratisrotagAmI tIrthaMkara Adi mahApuruSoM dvArA sevita va pAcarita hone ke kAraNa vizuddha aura vAstavika dharma hai kyoMki usase yukta jIva sabIja arthAt bodhibIja-samyaktva sahita hote haiM / ataH dUsarA AdhyAtmika dharma hI zuddha dharma hai / " / ina paMktiyoM meM caityavAsI paramparA ke utkarSa kAla meM bher3a cAla tulya lokapravAha para khedapUrNa udgAra prakaTa karate hae mUla vizuddha jaina dharma kA, vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA aura zAzvata satya hamArI prAcIna vizuddha zramaNopAsaka paramparA ke vAstavika evaM mUla svarUpa kA atIva sahaja sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai / usameM bhautikatA aura ADambara ke lie kahIM koI sthAna nahIM thA / usameM saba kucha prAdhyA tmika hI AdhyAtmika thA / sarvajJa praNIta jinAgamoM meM jaina dharma ke jisa cirantana zAzvata satya mUla svarUpa kA bhavya citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usI ke anurUpa ina gAthAoM meM bhI dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / caityavAsI paramparA dvArA banAye gaye una daza niyamoM aura vicchinna hue dRSTivAda ke naSTa hone se bace tathAkathita kar3akhoM athavA aMzoM ke rUpa meM nirmita kiye gaye nigamoM ne zramaNAcAra ko, jise ki AgamoM meM "durAcaro maggo vIrANaM ariNayaTTagAmIragaM"-isa sUtra se ati duSkara batAyA gayA hai, use ati sukara hI nahIM apitu eka acche se acche samRddha sadgRhastha se bhI adhika aizvaryazAlI aura sukhopabhogapUrNa banA diyaa| isa prakAra caityavAsiyoM dvArA zramaNAcAra ke ati duSkara zAstrIya niyamoM ke saralIkaraNa kiye jAne aura zramaNajIvana ko aizvaryazAlI aura sabhI bhAMti sukhopabhoga pUrNa banA diye jAne kA drutagAmI tAtkAlika pariNAma yaha huyA ki caityavAsI paramparA ke zramaNoM aura zramariNayoM kI saMkhyA meM uttarottara AzAtIta abhivRddhi hotI gii| caityavAsI prAcAryoM ke pAsa dravya kI kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM thI / ataH unhoMne choTe-choTe baccoM ko kharIda-kharIda kara apanI-apanI ziSya paramparAoM ko pratisparddhA kI bhAvanA se bar3hAnA prArambha kiyaa| eka ora to zramaNAcAra ke niyamoM meM saralIkaraNa se zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI saMkhyA meM apUrva abhivRddhi hone lagI aura dUsarI ora caityavAsiyoM dvArA caityanirmANa, pratimA pratiSThA, ratha yAtrA, tIrthoM kI saMgha yAtrA Adi kAryoM meM dikhAye gaye laukika evaM pAralaukika pralobhanoM evaM samAja meM pratiSThA tathA sammAna prApti Page #140 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 82 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 kI bhUkha ne dhanikavarga ko caityavAsiyoM kA aisA parama AjJAkArI upAsaka banA diyA jo kisI bhI kSaraMga kisI bhI caityavAsI AcArya ke iMgitamAtra para dravya ko pAnI kI taraha bahAne ko samudyata rahatA / caityavAsiyoM dvArA dharma ke nAma para pravartita ADambarapUrNa aura cahala-pahala tathA tar3aka-bhar3aka bhare nita naye prayojanoM se madhyama varga ke sAtha-sAtha jana-sAdhAraNa bhI caityavAsiyoM kI ora AkarSita huA / prabhAva-abhiyogoM se grasta varga ko isa prakAra ke dhArmika AyojanoM ke avasara para bAMTI jAne vAlI prabhAvanAeM logoM ko caityavAsa kI ora AkarSita karane meM pramukha kAraNa rahIM / isa prakAra samAja ke prAyaH sabhI vargoM ko caityavAsiyoM ne apanI prora AkarSita karane meM saphalatA prApta kI / lokapravAha adhyAtma dharAtala se haTakara bAhyADambarapUrNa dravya pUjA ke bhautika dharAtala kI ora umar3a par3A / aMguliyoM para gine jAne yogya logoM ko chor3a zeSa sabhI loga tapa, tyAga, sama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA, Astikya prAdi guNoM se zrota-prota jainadharma ke adhyAtmapradhAna vizuddha svarUpa ko bhUla gaye - visara gaye / ve caityavAsiyoM dvArA pradarzita jana- mana- raMjanakArI bAhyADambarapUrNa evaM paramAkarSaka dravyArcana, dravyapUjA, dravyastava athavA dravyadharma ko hI vAstavika dharma jAnane aura mAnane lage mAno zAstroM meM pratipAdita dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa se aura vizuddha zramaragAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI mUla zramaNa paramparA se jaise una logoM kA kisI prakAra kA koI vAstA hI nahIM rahA ho| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNoM, zramaNiyoM, zramaNopAsakoM evaM zramaraNopAsikAoM kI saMkhyA sahaja hI zanaiH zanaiH kSIraNa se kSINatara hote-hote antatogatvA kitanI nagaNya raha gaI hogI / vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke liye vaha kAla vAstava meM kitanA bar3A saMkrAnti kAla rahA hogA, isakA anumAna caityavAsiyoM hat bAr3ha meM bahane se kisI na kisI prakAra bace rahe chuTa-puTa aitihAsika ullekhoM se lagAyA jA sakatA hai / apane zrImanta upAsakoM ke arthabala evaM anyAnya sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se caityavAsiyoM ne rAjyAzraya prApta kara bhArata ke aneka bhU-bhAgoM para apanI paramparA kA ekAdhipatya sthApita karane evaM vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana tathA dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa kA upadeza karane vAlI mUla zramaNa paramparA kA astitva taka miTA DAlane ke uddezya se samaya-samaya para aneka prakAra ke upAya kiye| una upAyoM meM se sabase adhika prabhAvakArI aura bhayaMkara upAya unhoMne yaha kiyA ki yena-kena-prakAreNa rAjaguru kA gauravapUrNa pada prApta kara rAjAoM se isa prakAra kI rAjAjJAeM prasArita karavA dIM ki unake rAjya kI sImA meM caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke atirikta anya kisI bhI paramparA ke sAdhu evaM sAdhviyAM praveza taka nahIM kara pAyeM / rAjAoM se isa prakAra kI niSedhAjJAeM prasArita karavAye jAne Page #141 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ 83 vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] kA eka puSTa aitihAsika pramANa Aja bhI upalabdha hai ki vikrama samvat 802 meM aNahilapura pATaNa ke rAjA vanarAja cAvar3A ke guru caityavAsI prAcArya zIlaguNasUri ne rAjA se rAjAjJA prasArita karavA kara caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhusAdhviyoM ko chor3a zeSa sabhI anya paramparAtroM ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA pATaNa rAjya kI sImA meM praveza taka banda karavA diyA thaa| usa rAjAjJA kA vi0 saM0802 se lagabhaga vi0 saM0 1075 paryanta nirantara 275 varSa taka apahilapura pATaNa ke sampUrNa rAjya meM pUrI kar3AI ke sAtha pAlana kiyA gyaa| isase vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki arAhilapura pATaNa hI kI taraha jahAM-jahAM una dinoM caityavAsiyoM kA varcasva rahA hogA, jina-jina rAjyoM meM caityavAsI rAjamAnya hue hoMge, una sabhI rAjyoM meM bhI caityavAsiyoM ne apane prabhAva ko aura arthabala ko upayoga meM lekara isa prakAra kI rAjAjJAeM nizcita rUpa se prasArita karavAI hogii| jina rAjyoM meM caityavAsiyoM ko rAjyAzraya prApta huA, una rAjyoM meM vizuddha zramaraNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNoM evaM zramaNiyoM ke praveza taka ko rokane vAlI rAjakIya niSedhAjJAeM prasArita karavA kara hI caityavAsiyoM ne apane kartavya kI itizrI nahIM samajha lii| unhoMne una rAjyoM meM vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke nAmazeSa taka miTAne ke pUre prabala prayAsa karane meM bhI kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM rkhii| jina rAjyoM meM paune tIna-tIna sau varSoM jaisI sudIrghAvadhi taka eka hI paramparA kA pUrNa ekAdhipatya rahe, pUrNa varcasva rahe- pUrA bolabAlA rahe, anya paramparA ke kisI bhI sAdhu ko una rAjyoM kI sImA taka meM nahIM ghusane diyA jAya, una kSetroM meM kyA dUsarI paramparAoM kA nAmazeSa taka bhI avaziSTa raha sakatA hai ? kadApi nahIM / yahI kAraNa thA ki jina rAjyoM meM caityavAsI paramparA kA do-do, tIna-tIna zatAbdiyoM taka pUrNa varcasva aura pUrNa ekAdhipatya rahA, una rAjyoM meM vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA kA koI anuyAyI aura yahAM taka ki nAma lene vAlA taka nahIM rhaa| ___ isa prakAra rAjyAzraya prApta kara caityavAsI paramparA bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM prasUta haI, phailI aura phalI phalI / vIra nirmANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se solahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha taka to caityavAsI paramparA kA bhArata ke adhikAMza bhAgoM meM pUrNa varcasva aura eka prakAra se pUrNa-rUpeNa ekAdhipatya rahA / jina rAjyoM meM caityavAsiyoM ne apanI paramparA se bhinna zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kA rAjAjJAoM dvArA praveza taka niSiddha karavA diyA, una kSetroM meM rahane vAle jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke darzana taka durlabha ho gaye / una pradezoM ke nivAsI na kevala vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle satata bihArI zramaNoM ko hI apitu mUla zramaNa paramparA ke svarUpa taka ko bhUla gye| Page #142 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 84 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ve loga to caityavAsiyoM ko hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke sacce zramaNa, zramaNoM ke lie sarvathA heya zithilAcAra ko hI vizuddha zramaNAcAra aura una caityavAsiyoM dvArA pracAlita azAstrIya naye-naye ADambarapUrNa vidhi-vidhAnoM tathA dharma ke nAma para jArI kiye gaye bhautika kAryakalApoM-anuSThAnoM, kAryakramoM ko hI jaina dharma kA vAstavika mUla svarUpa jAnane aura mAnane lage / ahiMsA, aparigraha sama, samvega, nirveda, anukampA, AsthA, yama, niyama, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, tapazcaraNa, zAstravAcana, bhikSATana Adi anivArya, aparihArya aura ekAntataH aAvazyaka mUla kartavyoM kA bhI sAdhvAcAra meM koI sthAna ho sakatA hai, isa bAta kI kalpanA taka sarvasAdhAraNa ke mastiSka meM nahIM rhii| sAdhuoM dvArA caityoM kA apanI kalpanA kI UMcI UMcI ur3AnoM ke anurUpa nirmANa karavAnA, una caityoM kA svAmitva grahaNa karanA, unameM AjIvana niyata nivAsa karanA, caityoM kI vizAla bhojanazAlAoM meM bhagavAn ke bhoga ke nAma para svecchAnusAra susvAdu SaDsa bhojana banavA usase apanA udarapoSaNa karanA, apane pAsa sonA, cAMdI, hIrA, pannA, mANika, motI, rupayA, paisA, bhUbhi Adi vipula parigraha rakhanA, caityoM meM dhUpa, dIpa, naivedya, phala, phUla, puSpamAlA, vAdyavAdana, saMgIta Adi kA prabandha karanA, rathayAtrA, tIrthayAtrA, pratiSThA Adi aneka prakAra ke ADambarapUrNa, utsavoM tathA mahotsavoM kA Ayojana karanA, mantra, yantra, tantra, jyotiSa Adi ke bala para janasAdhAraNa ko camatkRta kara apanI mahAnatA siddha karanA Adi kAryakalApoM ko hI usa samaya kA janasamUha zramaNAcAra kA pramukha kartavya aura jaina dharma kA mahattama mUla svarUpa mAnane lgaa| vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa se vIra ni0 saM0 1554 taka yahI sthiti rahI ki caityavAsI paramparA hI lokadRSTi meM jainadharma kI saccI pratinidhi aura mUla paramparA ke rUpa meM mAnya rhii| caityavAsI paramparA ke zramaraNa Agama-pratipAdita zramaNa dharma se unmukha hone para bhI usa samaya ke rAja aura samAja para chAye hue the / ve hI sacce jaina zramaNa mAne jAte rahe / jina kriyAoM ko, jina kAryakalApoM ko zAstroM meM ghora pApAcAra batAyA gayA hai, unhIM ko caityavAsI paramparA dvArA dhArmika kriyA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kara liye jAne para loga unhIM ko jaina dharma ke vAstavika evaM siddhAntasammata mUla dhArmika kRtya jAnate aura mAnate rahe / vIra nirvANa kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika kAla meM, jaba se caityavAsI paramparA kA utkarSa prArambha huA tabhI se jaina dharma kI mUla mAnyatAoM va upAsanAoM kI evaM vizuddha evaM zAstrIya zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaraNoM kI saMkhyA uttarottara kSIraNa se kSINatara hotI calI gii| vIra ni0 kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya caraNa meM to yaha sthiti ho gaI ki mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNa bhAratavarSa ke uttaravartI kSetra meM athavA sudUrastha kisI kSetra vizeSa meM hI inI ginI saMkhyA meM pravaziSTa raha gye|' 1 sambandhita TippaNI agale pRSTha para Page #143 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [85 vIra ni0 kI 16 vIM zatAbdI meM vanavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya udyotana sUri kI bhArata ke uttaravartI kSetra meM vidyamAnatA ke isa ullekha se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki caityavAsiyoM ke caramotkarSa kAla meM bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA sthApita caturvidha tIrtha kA mUla svarUpa vidyamAna rahA / caityavAsI paramparA dvArA jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa tathA mUla zramaNAcAra ko vikRta kara diye jAne aura caityavAsiyoM ke sarvagrAsI ekAdhipatya ke uparAnta bhI jaina dharma kA mUla svarUpa evaM zramaNa paramparA caityavAsI paramparA ke bAhyADambarapUrNa ghaTATopa meM gauNa aura guptaprAyaH to avazya ho gaye para lupta nahIM hue| jo mUla zramaNa paramparA kA pravAha vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka uttAla taraMgoM se udvelita kisI mahAnadI ke vega ke samAna pravAhita hotA rahA, vaha caitya ..sI paramparA ke utkarSakAla meM usa rUpa meM nahIM rahA, manda ho gayA, mandatara bhI ho gayA para vaha avaruddha nahIM huA, lupta nahIM huA / SaSThama prAraka meM gaMgA nadI ke kSINa pravAha ke samAna mala zramaNa paramparA kA pravAha caityavAsI paramparA ke usa paramotkarSa ke saMkrAntikAla meM bhI manda-manda manthara gati se pravAhita hotA hI rahA / nihita svArtha athavA pUrvAgrahagrasta anya paramArAoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne mUla zramaNa paramparA kI usa ati kSINAvasthA ko luptAvasthA kI saMjJA de DAlI / para yatra tatra bikhare par3e aitihAsika tathyoM ke prakAza meM eka bAta spaSTa hai ki usa 600-700 varSa ke ghora saMkrAntikAla meM bhI mUla zramaNa paramparA na kevala jIvita hI rahI apitu prabuddha bhI rhii| mahAnizItha ke tIna prAkhyAna-- sAvadyAcArya kA pAkhyAna, vajrasvAmI aura tIrthayAtrA ke lie prasthita unake 500 ziSyoM kA prAkhyAna aura dravyArcana evaM bhAvArcana kA AkhyAna ----ye tIna AkhyAna isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA tIrthapravartana ke samaya dharma kA jo svarUpa prakaTa kiyA gayA thA, dharma ke 1. (ka) prabhohara deNe jina candrAcAryA devagRhavAsinazcaturazItisthAvalakanAyakA mAsan / teSAM vardhamAna nAmA ziSyaH / tasya ca siddhAnta vAcanAM gRhNatazcaturazIti-rAzAtanA: samAyAtAH / tAzca paribhAvayata iyaM bhAvanA manasi samajani-"yotA rakSyante tathA bhadra bhavati / " vratagurozca niveditam / guruNA ciMtitaM "prasya mano na manoharam" iti jJAtvA mUripade sthApitaH / tathApi tasya mano na ramate caityavAsagRhe sthAtum / tato guro: sammatyA nigaMtya katicin munisameto DhilI vA dalI prabhRti dezeSu samA yAta / tasmin prastAve, tatravodyotanAcArya sUrivara prAsIt / tasya pArzvasamgagAga matatvaM buddha vA upasampadaM gRhItavAn / ... ....kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvali pRSTha 1. (kha) prahannayA kayAI sirivaddhamANasUripAyariyA prarannacArigacchanAyagasiri ujjoyaNa mUripaTTadhAriNo........!-vahI, pR0 86 Page #144 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 86 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 usI mUla svarUpa ke upAsaka mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaraNa usa ghora saMkrAntikAla meM bhI vidyamAna the aura zAstroM meM pratipAdita dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko ve samaya-samaya para logoM ke samakSa usa saMkrAntikAla meM bhI bar3I nirbhIkatA ke sAtha rakhate the| usa saMkrAntikAla meM mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNoM kI vidyamAnatA ke pramANa to isa prakAra upalabdha hote haiM kintu devaddhigaNi zramAzramaNa ke pazcAt mUla zramaNa paramparA kI-vAcanAcArya paramparA aura vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka pracalita rahI gaNAcArya paramparAoM kI paTTAvaliyAM Aja jaina vAMgmaya meM kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotii| jisa vAcanAcArya paramparA ke mahAn prAcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne 14 varSa taka athaka prayAsa karake mUla aMgoM, upAMgoM evaM pAgamoM ko lipibaddha karavAyA, pustakArUDha kara jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para asIma upakAra kiyA, una mahAn upakArI devaddhi kSamAzramaNa kA uttarAdhikArI AcArya kauna huA isakA ullekha Aja sampUrNa jaina vAMgmaya meM khojane para bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA, unake kisI ziSya, praziSya athavA praziSyAnuaziSya taka kA nAma bhI kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yaha sthiti bar3I durbhAgyapUrNa aura Azcaryajanaka hai / vIra ni0 saM0 180 se 194 taka nirantara caudaha varSoM ke kaThora parizrama se Arya devaddhi ne AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha krvaayaa| itanA bar3A kArya vizAla ziSya samudAya kI sahAyatA ke binA sampanna honA kadApi sambhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hote hI vAcanAcArya paramparA athavA Agamalekhana meM unake sahAyaka Arya kAlaka mAdi kI ziSya paramparAe haThAt hI vilupta ho gaI hoM, isa para to koI bhI vizvAsa nahIM kara sakatA / vastutaH aisA honA sambhava bhI pratIta nahIM hotA ki zatAbdiyoM taka jaina saMgha meM bahujana sammata, bahujana mAnya aura paramapUjya rahI vAcanAcArya paramparA jaisI suvikhyAta mUla zramaNa paramparA devaddhigariga ke svargastha hote hI sahasA vilupta ho jAya / caityavAsI paramparA ke abhyudaya, samutthAna aura utkarSa kAla ke ghaTanAcakra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hae vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki devaddhigaNi ke svargastha hone ke anantara vAcanAcArya paramparA ke sAtha-sAtha mUla zramaNa paramparA kI gaNAcArya paramparAoM kA bhI hrAsa honA prArambha ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI aneka zatAbdiyoM taka ina paramparAoM ke zramaraNa-zramariNayoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA astitva rhaa| jyoM-jyoM mUla zramaNa paramparA kI ina vibhinna dhArAoM kA uttarottara kramika hrAsa hotA gayA, tyoM-tyoM unakI paTTaparamparAyoM ko loga bhUlate gye| ina paramparAoM ke zramaraNopAsakoM kI saMkhyA jaba kSIraNa se kSINatara hotI calI gaIM to ina paramparAoM ko paTTAvaliyAM bhI zanaiH zanaiH vilupta hotI gaI / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki jina-jina rAjyoM meM rAjAjJAe prasArita karavA kara caityavAsI paramparA ne mUla zramaNa paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA praveza taka niSiddha karavA diyA thA, una rAjyoM ke dharmasthAnoM meM rahIM mUla zramaNa paramparA Page #145 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] kI paTTAvaliyoM ko caityavAsiyoM ne naSTa karavA diyA ho| usa saMkrAntikAla ke ghaTanAcakra ke paryAlocana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usa saMkrAntikAla meM aneka pradezoM ke, aneka rAjyoM evaM kSetroM ke jainadharmAvalambI sAmUhika rUpa se caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyI bne| usa prakAra kI sthiti meM una pradezoM meM rahIM mUla zramaNa paramparA kI paTTAvaliyoM ke naSTa kiye jAne athavA naSTa ho jAne kI bhI prabala sambhAvanA anumAnita kI jAtI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki dervAddhagariNa ke svargastha hone ke anantara aneka zatAbdiyoM taka mUla zramaNa paramparA ke avicchinna gati se kramika kSINa aura kSINa se kSINatama rUpa meM pravahamAna rahane para bhI usa mUla zramaNa paramparA kI devaddhigariNa ke uttaravartIkAla kI paTTaparamparAe athavA paTTAvaliyAM Aja kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotiiN| svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhAravinda se prakaTa huI isa divya dhvani-"gautama merA dharmasaMgha paMcama prAraka ke avasAna kAla ke antima dina taka rahegA'-ke anusAra, jisakA ki bhagavatI sUtra meM spaSTa ullekha vidyamAna hai tathA mahAnizItha ke uparivariNata tIna ullekhoM evaM kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha meM hue vanavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya udyotana sUri ke ullekha Adi paraspara eka-dUsare se bhalI-bhAMti paripuSTa pramAraNoM se yaha pUrNata: siddha hotA hai ki mUla zramaNa paramparA aura jaina dharma kA mUla svarUpa ye donoM hI tIrthapravartana kAla se Aja taka avicchinna rUpa se nirantara pravahamAna eka dhArA ke rUpa meM cale A rahe haiN| ye donoM ina vigata DhAI hajAra varSoM kI sudIrghAvadhi meM gauNa athavA gupta avazya hue para lupta kabhI nahIM hue| jaina dharma ke mUla AdhyAtmika svarUpa aura mUla zramaNa paramparA ke gogA athavA gupta hone meM mukhya kAraNa kAla prabhAva ke sAtha-sAtha caityavAmI paramparA hI rhii| caityavAsI paramparA meM bhI jyoM-jyoM mamaya bItatA gayA tyoM-tyoM vighaTanakArI matabheda utpanna hote gye| kAlAntara meM caityavAsI paramparA meM bhI bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAoM vAle gacchoM kI utpatti hii| choTe-choTe gacchoM ko to gagaNanA karanA bhI kaThina kArya thA, bar3e-bar3e pramukha gacchoM kI saMkhyA bhI caugamI (84) taka pahuMca gii|' pratyeka gaccha ke prAcArya aura anuyAyI dUsare gacchoM ko apane gaccha me hona aura apane gaccha ko hI sarvazreSTha, sarvopari evaM sabase bar3A siddha karane meM prayatnazIla 1. iha gAthApratthaM citiUNa saMsArApo viratto nIsariUNa praNahillapurapaTTaNe gyo| tattha culasI pomahamAlA, culasI gacchavAsiNo bhaTTAragA vasaMti / jiraNavallaho jatya jattha posahasAlAe gacchai pucchai, picchai, katthavi cittarai na jAyai / / -kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvaliH, pR0 60 (kha) aboharadeze ginanandrAcAryA devagRhanivAsina caturazItisthAvalakanAyakA prAsan / vahI, pRSTa ? Page #146 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 88 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 rahane lge| jisake svAmitva meM bar3e se bar3e bhavya caitya hoM, jisake chatra, cAmara, siMhAsanAdi rAjasI cinha rajatanirmita, svarNima aura ratnajaTita hoM, jisake caitya meM moTe se moTe gadde, masanadeM tathA besakImatI raMgabiraMge citroM se suzobhita rezamI evaM makhamalI kAlIneM hoM, bar3I se bar3I jAgIra ke samAna jisa caityavAsI AcArya ke prAya ke srota adhikAdhika vipula hoM, jisako cAroM ora se ziSyoM-praziSyoM aura bhaktoM kI bar3I se bar3I bhIr3a ghere hue ho, jisake caityoM kI pAkazAlAoM meM annapUrNA ke bhaNDAra kI taraha gariSTha se gariSTha susvAdu SaDrasa vyaMjana pracura se pracura mAtrA meM banAye jAte hoM, jisake pAsa sarvAdhika bAhyADambara kI sAmagrI, vipula aizvarya, sukhopabhoga kI sAmagrI, atula dhana sampadA amita vaibhava aura aparimita parigraha ho, vahI sabase bar3A gaccha tathA usa gaccha kA prAcArya sabase bar3A prAcArya mAnA jAne lagA / bar3appana ke isa mApadaNDa ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhavyAtibhavya mandiranirmANa, vizAla saMghayAtrA, adbhuta prADambarapUrNa rathayAtrA, pratiSThA mahotsava, ghaMTA-ghar3iyAloM Adi vividha vAdyayantroM ke tumula ghoSa ke sAtha prAtaH sAyaM devArcana aura eka-dUsare se adhika mUlya kI prabhAvanAeM bAMTane Adi kI sabhI caityavAsI gacchoM meM paraspara pratispardhApUrNa hor3a sI laga gii| zramaraNoM ke liye paramAvazyaka svAdhyAya, dhyAna, zAstravAcana, adhyAtmacintana-manana Adi dainika kartavyoM ko tAka meM rakhakara caityavAsI prAcArya, sAdhuvarga, sAdhvIvarga aura unake upAsaka zrAvakazrAvikAvarga ina prArambha-samArambha evaM ADambarapUrNa kriyAkalApoM ko hI mokSa prApti kA dharmasaMgha ke abhyutthAna kA sAdhana samajha kara aharniza ina bhautika prapaMcoM meM hI juTa gye| vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke paNDita jinezvaragaNi dvArA apane guru varddha mAnasUri ko prArthanA ke rUpa meM kahe gaye--"asmin prastAve vijJaptaM paNDita jinezvaragaNinA-"bhagavan ! jJAtasya jinamatasya kiM phalama, yadi kutrApi gatvA na prakAzyate / gUrjaratrAdezaH prabhUto devagRhavAsyAcAryavyAptaH zrU yte| atastatra gamyate / " isa vacana se nirvivAdarUpeNa yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI se solahavIM zatAbdI taka ke caityavAsiyoM ke utkarSa kAla meM jaina samAja eka pIr3hI se aneka prapIDhiyoM taka pratidina nitAnta bAhyADambarapUrNa upayukta kAryakalApoM ko dhArmika kRtyoM ke rUpa meM karate rahane ke kAraNa vastutaH dravyArcana kA, dravyapUjA kA pUrNarUpeNa abhyasta ho gayA thaa| (caityavAsiyoM dvArA dharma ke nAma para pracAlita kiye gaye prazAstrIya vidhi-vidhAna evaM anyAnya prADambarapUrNa kAryakalApa jaina samAja meM vArmika kRtyoM ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gaye the| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA eka bahata bar3A bhAga dharma kI mUla AtmA prAdhyAtmikatA ko eka prakAra se bhUla sA gayA thaa| caityavAsiyoM dvArA prazAstrIya tathAkathita dharmamArga ' kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvaliH, pRSTha 1 Page #147 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 86 (atA / para ArUr3ha kiye gaye bhUle bhaTake logoM ko, jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko dharma kA saccA svarUpa batAne ke lie jinezvaragaNi ne apane guru varddha mAnasUri se prArthanA kii| paNDita jinezvaragaNi kI prArthanA ko svIkAra kara varddha mAnasUri ne apane 17 sAdhuoM ke sAtha dillI se gujarAta kI ora vihAra kiyaa| vihArakrama se pallI ( sambhavataH pAlI-mAravAr3a ) hote hue kAlAntara meM ve anahilagattana phuNce| vahAM susAdhuoM kA bhakta eka bhI zrAvaka nahIM thA. jisase ki ve rahane ke liye sthAna kI yAcanA karate / ' aisI sthiti meM ve nagara ke bAhara eka maNDapikA (chatarI) meM utare aura svAdhyAya dhyAnAdi Avazyaka dharmakRtyoM meM nirata ho gye| usa chatarI meM dhUpa aura bhUkha-pyAsa ko sahana karate hue kucha samaya taka Thaharane ke pazcAt jinezvaragariNa ne apane guru se nivedana kiyA--"bhagavan ! isa prakAra baiThe rahane se to koI kArya hone vAlA nahIM hai|" varddha mAnasUri ne pUchA-"to phira kyA kiyA jAya ? saumya !" jinezvaragaNi ne nivedana kiyA--"bhagavan ! yadi ApakI prAjJA ho to maiM usa vizAla bhavana meM jAUM, jo yahAM se dikhAI de rahA hai|" guru kI AjJA prApta kara paNDita jinezvaragaNi usa bhavana kI ora prasthita hue| vaha bhavana anahilapattana rAjya ke mahArAjA durlabha rAja ke rAjapurohita) kA thaa| bAta hI bAta meM paNDita jinezvaragariNa ke pANDitya se rAjapurohita bar3A prabhAvita huaa| usane jinezvaragariNa se pUchA :--"Apa kahAM se Aye haiM aura kahAM Thahare haiM ?" jinezvaragaNi ne kahA-"hama dillI se Aye haiM aura bAhara eka khulI chatarI meM Thahare haiM / yaha pradeza hamAre virodhiyoM se bharA par3A hai, yahAM hamArA koI upAsaka nahIM hai / hama 18 sAdhu haiN|" yaha sunakara rAjapurohita ne apane bhavana ke eka bhAga meM unheM Thaharane kI anumati pradAna kii| varddhamAnasUri apane 17 ziSyoM sahita rAjapurohita ke bhavana ke eka bhAga meM Akara Thahare / purohita ke sevakoM ne una sAdhuoM ke sAtha jAkara una ko brAhmaNoM ke ghara batAye jahAM se unheM unakI AvazyakatAnusAra bhikSA prApta huii| usI samaya sAre nagara meM yaha bAta phaila gaI ki pattana meM vasativAsI sAdhu Aye hue haiM / caityavAsiyoM ne una vasativAsI sAdhuoM ke Agamana kI bAta sunate hI unheM vahAM se nikalavA dene hetu SaDyantra racanA prArambha kara diyaa| sAre nagara meM aura rAjabhavana evaM rAjasabhA taka meM apane cATukAroM ke mAdhyama se caityavAsiyoM ne yaha ""krameNAnahilapattane prAptAH / uttaritA maNDapikAyAm / tasmin prastAve tatra prAkAro nAsti, susAdhubhakta zrAvako'pi nAsti yaH sthAnAdi yAcyate / tatropaviSTAnAM dharmA nikaTIbhUtaH / vahI, pRSTha 2 Page #148 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ edeg ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 aphavAha phailA dI ki durlabharAja ke rAjya ko hathiyAne kI icchA se muniveSa meM kisI zatru rAjA ke guptacara pranahilapurapattana meM prAye hue haiN| jaba durlabharAja ke kAnoM taka yaha bAta pahuMcI to unhoMne apane rAjapuruSoM se pUchA ki ve guptacara kahAM haiM ? rAjapuruSoM ne kahA - "deva ! ve loga Apake rAjapurohita ke ghara meM Thahare hue haiN|" mahArAja durlabharAja ne tatkAla rAjapurohita ko bulAkara kahA - " nagara ke ghara-ghara meM yaha bAta phailI huI hai ki kisI zatrurAjA ke guptacara muniveSa meM yahAM Aye hue haiN| yadi ve vastutaH kisI ke guptacara haiM to unheM Apane apane ghara meM sthAna kisa kAraNa diyA ?" rAjapurohita ne durlabharAja se nivedana kiyA - "deva ! una logoM para isa prakAra kA duSTatApUrNa dUSaraNa kisane lagAyA hai ? maiM lAkha pAruSya dAMva para lagAtA hUM ki aisI bAta kahane vAlA koI bhI vyakti yadi unameM eka bhI dUSaNa siddha karane kI kSamatA rakhatA ho to sammukha Aye aura apanI bAta ko siddha kare / " pUrI rAjyasabhA meM sannATA sA chA gyaa| rAjapurohita kI cunautI ko svIkAra karane vAlA koI bhI vyakti vahAM dRSTigata nahIM huaa| purohita kI cunautI ko svIkAra karane ke liye jaba koI bhI vyakti sammukha nahIM AyA to rAjapurohita ne kahA - "rAjan ! ve sabhI sAdhu vastutaH sazarIrI dharma ke samAna haiM, unameM kisI prakAra kA koI bhI dUSaraNa nahIM hai / " rAjapurohita kI bAta sunakara rAjA durlabharAja pUrNata: Azvasta evaM santuSTa hue / rAjasabhA meM upasthita sUrAcArya zrAdi caityavAsI prAcAryoM ne rAja-purohita kI bAta suna kara paraspara mantraraNA kI ki ina vasativAsI sAdhuoM ko yena kena kAreNa vAda meM parAjita kara yahAM se nikalavA denA cAhiye / roga ko uThate hI naSTa kara denA, yahI buddhimattA hai / isa prakAra vicAra kara una caityavAsI prAcAryoM ne rAjapurohita se kahA - " Apake ghara meM Thahare hue yatiyoM se hama vicAra carcA karanA cAhate haiM / " rAjapurohita ne uttara diyA- "unako pUchakara jaisI bhI sthiti hogI usase maiM Apako avagata karA dUMgA / " rAjapurohita ghara gayA aura varddhamAna sUri ko vastusthiti se avagata karAte hue kahA - " mahAtman ! Apake vipakSI Apake sAtha carcA karanA cAhate haiM / " zrIvaddha mAnasUri ne kahA - " bilakula ThIka hai / Apako isameM kiMcit mAtra bhI Darane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / Apa to unase kevala yahIM kahie ki yadi Apa zAstrArtha karanA cAhate haiM to mahArAja durlabharAja ke samakSa jo sthAna unheM upayukta lage usI sthAna para ve hamAre sAtha vAda-vivAda kareM / " Page #149 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] rAjapurohita ne caityavAsI AcAryoM ke pAsa jAkara jaisA varddhamAna sUri ne kahA thA vahI kahA / caityavAsI AcAryoM ne socA ki choTe se lekara bar3e se bar3e rAjyAdhikArI taka sabhI loga hamAre vazavartI haiM, ata: unase kisI bhI prakAra kA bhaya nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM rAjA ke samakSa hI zAstrArtha ho jaay| isa prakAra vicAra kara caityavAsI prAcAryoM ne sabake samakSa kahA-"prati vizAla paMcAzarIya devamandira meM amuka dina zAstrArtha hogaa|" rAjapurohita ne rAjA durlabharAja se ekAnta meM kahA-"rAjan ! dillI se Aye hue muniyoM ke sAtha caityoM meM niyata nivAsa karane vAle yahAM ke caityavAsI muni carcA karane ke liye samutsuka haiM / aisA zAstrArtha nyAyavAdI rAjA ke samakSa ho tabhI zobhA detA hai| isalie zAstrArtha ke samaya vAdasthala para ApakI kRpApUrNa upasthiti sAdara prArthanIya hai|" durlabharAja ne svIkRti pradAna karate hue rAjapurohita se kahA-"vastutaH yaha samucita hai / hama vAdasthala para avazya hI upasthita rheNge|" tadanantara vikrama samvat 1084 meM zAstrArtha ke lie nizcita dina aura nizcita samaya para paMcAzarIya devamandira meM sUrAcArya Adi 84 hI AcArya apanI variSThatA ke anurUpa siMhAsanoM para baitthe| rAjA durlabharAja bhI rAjasiMhAsana para upaviSTa hue| rAjA ne purohita ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"purohita jI ! apane una sAdhuoM ko laaiye|" rAjapurohita ne ghara jAkara varddha mAnasUri se nivedana kiyA-"mahAtman ! sabhI AcArya apane ziSyaparivAra sahita vAdasthala para A baiThe haiN| mahArAja durlabharAja bhI paMcAzarIya mandira meM Apake Agamana kI pratIkSA kara rahe haiN| rAjA ne una AcAryoM ko tAmbUla samarpita kara sammAnita kiyA hai|" sudharmAsvAmI Adi sabhI yugapradhAnoM kA hRdaya meM dhyAna dhara kara zrI varddha mAnasUri bhI apane paNDita jinezvarasUri Adi katipaya Agama niSNAta muniyoM ko sAtha lekara paMcAzarIya mandira kI ora prasthita hue| vahAM pahuMcane para rAjA dvArA pradarzita sthAna para paNDita jinezvara dvArA bichAye gaye Asana para varddha mAnasUri baiThe aura unake caraNoM ke pAsa hI jinezvaragaNi bhI baiTha gye| rAjA durlabharAja AcArya varddhamAnasUri ko tAmbUla arpaNa ke liye samudyata hue| yaha dekha kara varddha mAnasUri ne kahA-"rAjan ! sAdhu ke lie tAmbUlacarvaNa karanA aura tAmvUlagrahaNa karanA sarvathA niSiddha hai kyoMki dharma-nIti meM brahmacAriyoM, sAdhunoM va vidhavAoM ke liye tAmbUlacarvaNa, atyanta nindanIya aura niSiddha batAyA gayA hai|" Page #150 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 92 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 yaha sunate hI vivekazIla vyaktiyoM ke hRdaya meM ina vasativAsI sAdhuoM ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA utpanna ho gii| ___ zAstrArtha prArambha karane kA upakrama karate hue varddhamAnasUri ne vAdasthala para upasthita sabhI sabhyoM ko lakSya kara kahA-"zAstrArtha ke samaya yaha paNDita jinezvara uttara pratyuttara meM jo kucha kaheMge, use mere dvArA pUrNata: sammata samajhA jaay|" saba sabhyoM ne eka svara meM kahA-"aisA hI ho|" tidanantara vAda hetu apanA pUrva pakSa prastuta karate hue una caityavAsiyoM ke mukhya prAcArya sUrAcArya ne kahA-"jo muni vasati meM rahate haiM, ve prAyaH SaDdarzanabAhya haiM / SaDdarzana meM kSapaNaka, jaTI prabhRti Ate haiN| apane isa pUrvapakSa ko pramANapurassara paripuSTa karane ke liye sUrAcArya ne navya vAda kI pustaka ko, etadviSayaka usake ullekha par3ha kara sunAne hetu, apane hAtha meM utthaayaa| jinezvaragariNa ne tatkAla bIca meM hI Tokate hae anahilapattanAdhIza ko lakSya kara kahA-'zrI durlabha mahArAja ! Apake rAjya meM pUrva puruSoM dvArA nirdhArita nIti calatI hai athavA Aja kala ke puruSoM dvArA nirmita nIti / " rAjA tatkAla bolA- hamAre deza meM pUrva puruSoM dvArA nirmita evaM nirdhArita nIti calatI hai, na ki koI anya nIti / " isa para jinezvarasUri ne kahA- "mahArAja ! hamAre dharma meM bhI gaNadharoM evaM caturdaza pUrvadhara zrutakevaliyoM ne jo dharmamArga pradarzita kiyA hai, vahI prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai / gaNagharoM evaM caturdaza pUrvadharoM ko chor3a kisI anya dvArA pradarzita mArga ko hamAre mata meM kadApi mAnya athavA prAmANika nahIM svIkAra kiyA jA sktaa|" durlabharAja mahArAja ne tatkAla kahA-"yaha to pUrNata: ucita evaM yuktisaMgata hI hai|" rAjA dvArA apanI bAta kA samarthana kiye jAne para jinezvarasUri ne kahA"rAjan ! hama loga bar3e dUrastha pradeza se yahAM Aye haiM, isa kAraNa hama apane sAtha hamAre pUrvapuruSa gaNadharoM evaM caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA racita Agama granthoM ko yahAM nahIM lA sake haiN| ataH mahArAja ! Apase nivedana hai ki ina caityavAsiyoM ke maThoM se ramAre pUrva puruSoM dvArA racita zAstroM ke baste maMgavAiye, jisase ki sanmArga aura unmArga kA nirNaya kiyA jA ske|" Page #151 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 63 jinezvarasUri kI nyAyasaMgata mAMga ko svIkAra karate hue mahArAja durlabharAja ne sUrAcArya prabhRti caityavAsI AcAryoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"inakA kathana pUrNataH yuktisaMgata hai / maiM apane adhikAriyoM ko bhejatA hUM, Apa una AgamagranthoM ko dene meM kisI prakAra kI AnAkAnI na kreN|" caityavAsI bhalIbhAMti jAnate the ki yadi Agama granthoM ko maMgavAyA gayA to una AgamagranthoM se ina vasativAsiyoM kA pakSa hI pUrNataH paripuSTa hogA, ataH ve mauna sAdhakara cupacApa baiThe hI rhe| isa para rAjA ne apane rAjyAdhikAriyoM ko prAjJA dI--"inake maTha meM jAo aura zAstroM ke baste lekara zIghra aao|" (rAjAjJA ko zirodhArya kara rAjyAdhikArI caityavAsiyoM ke maTha meM gaye aura vahAM se prAgamoM ke baste lekara zIghratApUrvaka durlabharAja kI sevA meM lauTe / una zAstroM ke bastoM ko tatkAla kholA gyaa| arihaMta deva aura guru kI kRpA se una bastoM meM se caudaha pUrvadhara AcArya sayyaMbhava dvArA racita dazavaikAlika sUtra kI prati hI sarvaprathama hAtha meM paaii| unhoMne dazavakAlika sUtra meM se usake pAThaveM adhyayana kI nimnalikhita gAthA batAI : annaTTha pagaDaM leNaM, bhaijja sayaNAsaNaM / uccArabhUmi saMpanna, itthIpamuvivajjiyaM / / 52 / / a0 8 / / arthAt gahantha ne jo ghara mAdhu ke liye nahIM apitu dUsaroM ke liye athavA apane liye banAyA ho, jisa ghara meM mala, mUtrAdi ke paraThane (visarjana) ke liye sthAna ho aura jo ghara strI, pazu prAdi me rahita ho, usa ghara meM sAdhu ko ThaharanA cAhiye tathA jo zayyA arthAt pATha, phalaka, pATa, pATalAdi gRhastha ne apane liye banAye hoM, unheM sAdhu apane upayoga hetu gRhastha se le sakatA hai| paNDita jinezvaragariNa ne isa gAthA aura isake artha ko sabhyoM ke samakSa sunAte hue kahA - "isa prakAra kI vasati meM, isa prakAra ke ghara meM sAdhu ko rahanA cAhiye na ki devagRha meN|" rAjA ne nirNAyaka svara meM kahA -"bilkula ThIka evaM yuktisaMgata tathya hai|" saba adhikAriyoM kA anubhava huA ki unake guru niruttara ho gaye haiM / niruttara hue apane guruyoM kI sahAyatA karate hue zrIkaraNa se lekara paTava paryanta sabhI rAjyAdhikArI kahane lage - "hama meM se pratyeka ke ye guru haiM / rAjA hamako bahuta mAnate haiM, isI kAragA hamAre gurugroM ko bhI mAnate haiN|" ___ unake kahane kA tAtparya yaha thAki hama saba caityavAsI AcAryoM ke upAsaka haiM aura ina vamativAsiyoM kA nA koI eka bho upAsaka yahA~ nahIM / ataH rAjA bhI Page #152 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 14 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 nyAyavAdI hone ke kAraNa mAna jAeMge ki inake upAsakoM ke abhAva meM vasativAsiyoM ko yahAM nahIM rahane diyA jAnA caahiye| isa prakAra kI bAta jaba una saba rAjyAdhikAriyoM ne mahArAja durlabharAja ke samakSa kahI to tatkAla zrI jinezvara sUri ne kahA- "inameM se koI zrIkaraNAdhikArI kA guru hai, koI mantrI kA, to koI paTavoM Adi kaa| isa prakAra ina saba caityavAsI AcAryoM kA kisI na kisI se sambandha hai, para hama navAgantukoM kA kisase sambandhahai ?" isa para durlabharAja ne dRr3ha svara meM kahA-"prApakA hama se sambandha hai|" (jinezvarasari ne pUnaH kahA--"mahArAja! inameM se pratyeka prAcArya kA kisI na kisI se sambandha hone ke kAraNa ye saba kisI na kisI ke guru haiM para Aja taka yahAM ke logoM meM se hamArA kisI ke sAtha sambandha na hone ke kAraNa hamArA na to kisI se koI sambandha hI hai aura na hama kisI ke guru hI haiN| - yaha bAta suna kara rAjA durlabharAja ne tatkAla una navAgantuka vasativAsI muniyoM ko apanA guru bnaayaa| unheM apanA guru banAne ke pazcAt rAjA ne kahA"hamAre guru isa prakAra nIce kyoM baiThe ? kyA hamAre pAsa gaddiyAM nahIM haiN| mere ina gurupoM meM se pratyeka guru ko ratnajaTita vastroM se nirmita sAta sAta gaddiyAM dI jAyaM / " rAjA kA iMgita pAkara jyoM hI rAjabhRtya una vasativAsI sAdhuoM ke liye gaddiyAM lAne ko uThe tyoM hI jinezvarasUri ne kahA- "mahArAja ! sAdhunoM ke liye gaddI para baiThanA akalpanIya hai / kyoMki dharmanIti meM kahA hai : bhavati niyatamevAsaMyamaH syAdvibhUpA, nRpatikakuda ! etallokahAsazca bhikSoH / sphuTatara iha saMgaH sAtazIlatvamuccai riti na khalu mumukSo: saMgataM gandikAdi / / arthAt gaddI para baiThane se sAdhu ko apane saMyama meM nizcita rUpa se asaMyama ke doSa lagate haiM / gaddI para baiThanA vibhUSA kI gagAnA meM bhI pAtA hai aura vibhUSA sAdha ke liye ekAntataH vajita hai / he nRpaziromaNi ! gaddI para baiThane se sAdhu logoM meM haMsI kA pAtra banatA hai / kyoMki sAdhu kA mUla guNa hai tyAga aura gaddI vastutaH bhoga aura vaibhava kI pratIka hai / gaddI para baiThane se mamatvabhAva ke udagama ke kAraNa sAdhu kA mUla guNa nissaMgatA samApta ho usameM saMga arthAt prAsakti kA doSa utpanna ho jAtA hai| isake mAtha hI sAtha gaddI para baiThane se mAdha meM uccakoTi kA zaithilya prA jAtA hai / ina saba dopoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hA mAdhU ke liye gaddI para vaiThanA kisI bhI prakAra saMgata nahIM, vajita hI mAnA gayA hai|" Page #153 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa ko pRSThabhUmi ] [65 mahArAja durlabharAja ne jinezvaragariNa se pUchA-"Apa loga kisa (prakAra ke) sthAna meM rahate hai ?" jinezvaragariNa ne uttara diyA-"mahArAja! vipakSiyoM kA jahAM prAbalya ho, vahAM hameM rahane ke liye sthAna mila hI kaise sakatA hai|" durlabharAja ne apane eka rAjyAdhikArI kI ora iMgita karane ke sAtha sAtha jinezvaragariNa se kahA-"karaDIhaTTI meM saMtativihInAvasthA meM mRta" zreSThi kA jo vizAla bhavana hai, usa bhavana meM Apa rheN|" titkSaraNa una vasativAsI sAdhunoM ke liye usa bhavana meM Thaharane kI vyavasyA kara dI gii| rAjA ne jinezvarasUri se punaH pUchA--"ApakA bhojana kahAM aura kisa prakAra hotA hai?" jinezvaragariNa ne uttara diyA-"mahArAja ! bhojana bhI rahane ke sthAna ke samAna hI durlabha hai|" __ durlabharAja-"pApa kitane sAdhu haiM ?" jinezvaragaNi-"mahArAja ! hama 18 sAdhu haiN|" durlabharAja-eka hastipiNDa (eka hAthI kI jisase kSudhAtRpti ho jAya, utane parimANa kI bhojana sAmagrI) se Apa saba tRpta ho jAyeMge?" jinezvaragaNi:--- "rAjan! rAjapiNDa sAdhuoM ke liye kalpanIya nahIM hai / zAstroM meM sAdhu ko rAjapiNDa grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|" durlabharAja-"acchA, aisI bAta hai to merA eka prAdamI bhikSATana ke samaya prApake sAtha ho jAyegA, isame Apako sarvatra bhikSA mulabha ho jaaygii|" tadanantara zAstrArtha meM apana vipakSI caityavAsI prAcAryoM ko parAjita kara varddha mAnasUri ne apane ziSyaparivAra sahita rAjA aura nAgarikoM ke sAtha vasati meM praveza kiyaa| isa prakAra vikrama samvat 802 meM arAhilapUrapattana ke rAjA vanarAja cAvar3A ke guru caityavAsI AcArya zIlaguNasUri ne caityavAsI paramparA ke atirikta anya sabhI paramparAoM ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke pATaNa rAjya kI sImA meM praveza taka para pratibandha lagAne vAlI rAjAjJA vanarAja se prasArita karavAI thI, usa niSedhAjJA ko lagabhaga 275 varSa pazcAt vikrama samvat 1075 ke prAsapAsa varddha mAnasUri ne tatkAlIna pattanapati durlabharAja se nirasta karavA kara gujarAta pradeza meM prathama vAra punaH vasativAsa kI sthApanA kii| Page #154 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 66 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 -- caityavAsI una vasativAsI sAdhuoM ko vAda meM parAjita kara pATana rAjya se bAhara nikalavAnA cAhate the para ve svayaM hI vasativAsiyoM se vAda meM parAjita ho gaye / isa prakAra varddha mAnasUri ko pATaNa se bAhara nikalavAne ke apane pahale upAya meM ve asaphala rahe / vAda se pUrva caityavAsiyoM ne una vasativAsiyoM para kisI zatru rAjA ke guptacara hone kA Aropa lagAkara unheM rAjya se bAhara nikalavAne kA SaDyantra kiyA thA, usameM bhI unako asaphalatA milI / tadanantara caityavAsiyoM ke upAsaka rAjyAdhikAriyoM ne rAjA ke samakSa yaha bAta rakhI ki kyoMki inake koI upAsaka yahAM nahIM haiM ataH aisI sthiti meM una vasativAsiyoM ko pATaraNa meM rahane kA koI adhikAra nahIM / unakA yaha upAya bhI niSphala rahA kyoMki svayaM rAjA una vasativAsiyoM kA upAsaka bana gayA / apane ina upAyoM meM asaphala rahane ke uparAnta bhI ve cupa nahIM baiThe / unhoMne paraspara mantraraNA kara vasativAsiyoM ko pATaNa se bAhara nikalavAne kA eka aura SaDyantra rcaa| una caurAsI caityavAsI prAcAryoM ne apane apane upAsakoM se kahA ki rAjA apanI paTarAnI kI koI bhI bAta nahIM TAlatA / ataH tuma loga aneka prakAra ke bahumUlya upahAra le kara rAjA kI paTTamahiSI ke pAsa jAo aura use una amUlya upahAroM se prasanna kara ina vasativAsiyoM ko pATaNa kI sImA se bAhara nikalavA | apane apane AcAryoM ke Adeza ko zirodhArya kara samasta rAjyAdhikArI varga aneka prakAra ke bahumUlya AbharaNAlaMkAra, vastra, phala, phUla, mevA miSTAnnAdi se bhare anekoM bar3e-bar3e pAtra, gaTThara, Tokare Adi le kara paTarAnI kI sevA meM upasthita hue| una bahumUlya upahAroM ko prApta kara rAnI bar3I prasanna huI / usa adhikArI varga ne paTarAnI ko prasanna dekha vasativAsiyoM ko rAjya kI sImA se bAhara nikalavAne hetu apanA abhIpsita manoratha paTarAnI ke samakSa rakhanA prArambha kiyA / ThIka usI samaya durlabharAja ne kisI paramAvazyaka kAryavazAt grapane eka bhRtya ko paTarAnI ke pAsa bhejA / vaha bhRtya saMyogavaza mUlataH dillI kA nivAsI thA / caityavAsiyoM ke upAsakoM dvArA bheMTa kiye gaye bahumUlya vipula upahAroM ko dekhate hI vaha samajha gayA ki usake pradeza se Aye hue sAdhutroM ko rAjya kI sImA se bAhara nikalavAne ke lie paDyantra kiyA jA rahA hai| usane vasativAsI sAdhuyoM kI sahAyatA karane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| paTarAnI ko rAjA kA sandeza sunA kara vaha bhRtya rAjA ke pAsa lauTa gayA / usane rAjA se nivedana kiyA- "deva ! maiMne paTarAnIjI kI sevA meM ApakA sandeza prastuta kara diyaa| parantu deva ! maiMne vahA~ adbhuta kautuka dekhA / jisa prakAra yahA~ arhatu kI mUrti ke samakSa vividha vali naivedyAdi prastuta kiye jAte haiM, usI prakAra rAnI hetu svarUpA banI huI haiM aura unake samakSa aneka prakAra ke bahumUlya AbhUSaNa vastrAlaMkAra, phala, meve, miSTAnnAdi ke Dhera lage hue haiM / " 1 Page #155 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 67 yaha sunate hI rAjA ne sArI sthiti ko bhAMpa liyA aura unhoMne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA--"jina nyAyavAdiyoM ko maiMne apane guru ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA hai, unakA pIchA ye caityavAsI loga aba bhI nahIM chor3a rahe haiN|" yaha vicAra kara rAjA ne apane bhRtya ko AjJA dI---"zIghratApUrvaka paTarAnI ke pAsa jAo aura jAkara unase merA yaha saMdeza kaho :-- "mahArAja ne kahalavAyA hai ki jo kucha Apako upahAra ke rUpa meM bheMTa kiyA gayA hai, usameM se yadi eka supArI taka bhI Apane grahaNa kara lI to na Apa merI raheMgI aura na maiM aapkaa|" bhRtya ne tatkAla paTarAnI ke samakSa upasthita ho unheM rAjA kA sandeza yathAvat kaha sunaayaa| rAjA kA sandeza sunate hI rAnI bar3I bhayabhIta hii| usane una sabhI upahAra bheMTa karane vAloM se Adeza aura Akroza bhare svara meM kahA-"jisajisa ke dvArA jo jo vastu yahA~ lAI gaI hai vaha tatkAla una saba vastuoM ko yahA~ se apane-apane ghara le jAya~ / mujhe ina vastuoM se koI prayojana nahIM hai|" sabhI adhikArI tatkAla apanI-apanI vastu uThAkara apane-apane ghara kI ora lauTa gaye / isa prakAra caityavAsiyoM kA yaha paDyantra bhI asaphala rhaa| tadanantara paraspara vicAra-vimarza kara unhoMne yaha nizcaya kiyA ki "yadi rAjA dUsare pradeza se Aye hue muniyoM ko bahamAna dete haiM to hama saba loga deva-sadanoM ko zUnya kara kisI anya pradeza meM cale jAyeMge aura isa prakAra kA nizcaya kara ve caityavAsI caityoM ko chor3akara anyatra cale gye| __ mahArAja durlabharAja ko jaba yaha bAta vidita huI to unhoMne kahA -- yadi una logoM ko yahA~ rahanA acchA nahIM lagatA to jahA~ cAheM, vahIM jaayN| devagRhoM meM pUjA ke lie brahmacAriyoM ko bhRti dekara rakha diyA gyaa| sabhI devoM kI pUjA niyamita rUpa se kI jAne lgii| caityavAsI vastuta: saba prakAra kI suvidhAoM evaM sukhopabhoga kI sAmagrI se yukta caityoM ke atirikta anya kisI sthAna para raha nahIM sakate the ataH kucha hI samaya pazcAta ve saba ke saba caityavAsI kisI na kisI bahAne se punaH apane-apane caityagRhoM meM lauTa aaye| udhara zrI vardhamAna sUri binA kisI roka-Toka ke anukramazaH sabhI kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane lge|" kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvalI ke uparyullikhita vistRta ullekha se nimnalikhita tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM : (1) vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara solahavIM zatAbdI taka gujarAta meM caityavAsiyoM kA pUrNataH ekAdhipatya thA / Page #156 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 18] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 (2) usa samaya gujarAta meM mUla zramaNa paramparA kA upAsaka eka bhI zramaNopAsaka vidyamAna nahIM thaa|' (3) bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA ke samaya se hI jaina saMgha meM sarvajJa sarvadarzI prabhu mahAvIra kI vANI ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA grathita Agama hI prAmANika mAne jAte haiN| caityavAsiyoM ke paramotkarSa ke saMkrAntikAla meM vIra nirvANa kI solahavIM zatAbdI taka jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa ke upAsaka tathA mUla zramaNa paramparA ke zramaNa gaNadharoM dvArA grathita evaM caturdazapUrvadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgImeM se sAra rUpa meM ibdha AgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnate the| kharataragaccha ke Adya saMsthApaka zrI varddhamAna sUri ne anahilapattana ke mahArAjA durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI ki ve kevala gaNadharoM dvArA grathita evaM caturdazapUrvadhara prAcAryoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI meM se dRbdha AgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnate haiM, na ki anya (TIkA, cUriNa, bhASya, avacUNi athavA niyukti prAdi) kisI grantha ko| 1. (ka) anyatra sthAnaM na labhyate, virodhiruddhatvAt / pR0 2 / (kha) rAjJoktam ----'"kutra yUyaM nivasatha ?" taruktam- "mahArAja ! kathaM sthAnaM vipakSeSu satsu / ...."yuSmAkaM bhojanaM katham ?" tadapi pUrvavarlabham / (ga) tahi mahArAja ! kaH kasyApi sambandhI jAto, vayaM na kasyApi / tato rAjJA mAtmasambandhino guravaH kRtAH / -kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvalI pRSTha 4 tato mukhya sUrAcAryeNoktam-"ye vasatI vasanti munayaste SaDdarzanabAhyA prAyeNa / SaDdarzanAnIha kSapaNakajaTIprabhRtIni- ityarthanirNayAya nUtanavAdasthalapustikA vAcanArtham gRhItA kare / tasmin prastAve "bhAvini bhUtavadupacAraH / " iti nyAyAcchojinezvarasUriNA bhaNitam- "zrI durlabha mahArAja ! yuSmAkaM loke ki pUrvapuruSa vihitA nItiH pravartate prathavA prAdhunika puruSadazitA nUtanA nItiH ?" tato rAjJA bhariNatam- "asmAkaM deze pUrvajaNitA rAjanItiH pravartate nAnyA: / ' tato jinezvara sUribhiruktam ---"mahArAja ! asmAkaM mate'pi yad gaNadharazcaturdazapUrvadharaizca yo dazito mArgaH sa eva pramANIkatu yujyate nAnyaH / " tato rAjJoktam--"yuktameva !" tato jinezvarasUribhiruktam - "mahArAja ! vayaM dUradezAdAgatAH pUrvapuruSaviracita- svasiddhAntapustaka vandaM nAnItam / eteSAM maThebhyo mahArAja ! yUyamAnayata pUrva-puruSaviracita siddhAntapustakagaNDalakam yena mArgAmArga nizcayaM kurmaH / " tato rAjJoktAste--yuktam vadantyete, svapuruSAn preSayAmi, yUyam pustakasamapaNe niropaM dadadhvam / "te ca jAnantyeSAmeva pakSo bhaviSyatIti tUSNI vidhAya sthitAste / tato rAjJA svapuruSAH preSitAH-zIghra siddhAnta pustakagaNDalaka (zeSa pRSTha 66 ke TippaNI-sthala para dekhiye ) Page #157 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] ee ] vi. saM. 1503 meM mahAn dharmoddhAraka zrI lokAzAha ne bhI ThIka isI bhA~ti niryuktiyoM, vRttiyoM, cUriyoM bhASyoM Adi ko amAnya aura aprAmANika batAyA thA / apane 34 boloM meM unhoMne cUriyoM Adi ko aprAmANika evaM amAnya ThaharAte hue 34 pramANa diye haiM / isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAnoM se katipaya aMzoM meM prabhAvita vibhinna zramaNa paramparAoMoM ne vIra nirvAraNa kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt cUriyoM, niryuktiyoM, TIkAoM Adi ko prAmANika mAnanA prArambha kiyA / ( 4 ) vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNa kabhI tAmbUla grahaNa nahIM karate the / ' (5) vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNa vIra nirvANa kI 16vIM zatAbdI taka ke saMkrAntikAla meM bhI gaddI kA upayoga karanA zramaNa dharma ke viruddha samajhate the, jabaki caityavAsI apanI paramparA ke udbhava kAla se lekara avasAna kAla taka gaddiyoM aura bahumUlya ucca siMhAsanoM parabaiThanA mAnya kara rahe the / 2 (6) kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra vIra nirvANa kI solahavIM zatAbdI meM vasativAsI sAdhu rAjapiNDa athavA prauddezika AhAra, pAnI Adi ( pRSTha 68 kA zeSa ) mAnayata / zIghramAnItam / prAnItamAtrameva choTitam / tatra devaguruprasAdAd dazarvakAlikaM caturdazapUrvadharaviracitaM nirgatam / tasmin prathamameveyaM, gAthA nirgatA annaTaM pagaDaM leNaM, bhaijja sayaNAsaNaM | uccArabhUmisampanna, itthI pasuvivajjiyaM / evaMvidhAyAM vasatI vasanti sAdhavo na devagRhe / rAjJA bhAvitaM yuktamuktam / - kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvaliH, pR0 3 rAjA ca tAmbUladAnaM dAtuM pravRttaH / tataH sarvalokasamakSe bhariNatavanto gurava:- " sAdhUnAM tAmbUlagrahaNaM na yujyate rAjan / yata uktam- brahmacAriyatInAM ca vidhavAnA ca yoSitAm / tAmbUla - bhakSaNaM viprA ! gomAMsAnna viziSyate // tato vivekIlokasya samAdhirjAtA guruSu viSaye / vahI, pR0 3 2. tato rAjA bharagati - " sarveSAM guruNAM sapta saptagandikA ratnapaTI - nirmitAH kimityasmadgurUNAM nIcairAsane upavezanaM, kimasmAkaM gabdikA na santi ?" tato jinezvarasUriNA bhariNatam - "mahArAja ! sAdhUnAM gavdikopavezanaM na yujyate / yata uktam / ". - kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvaliH, pR0 4 . Page #158 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 100 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 grahaNa nahIM karate the / ve bhikSArtha ghara-ghara bhramaNa kara madhukarI ke mAdhyama se nirdoSa AhAra -pAnI grahaNa karate the / ' (7) kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvaliH ke "tato vAdaM kRtvA vipakSAn nirjitya rAjJA rAjalokaizca saha vasatau praviSTAH / vasatisthApanA kRtA prathamaM gurjaratrA deshe|" isa ullekha se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki vIra nirvAraNa ko solahavIM zatAbdI meM samasta gujarAta pradeza meM pUrNa rUpeNa caityavAsI paramparA kA hI ekAdhipatya thA / vahAM jaina dharma ke zAstrIya mUla svarUpa ko mAnane vAlA aura mUla zramaNa paramparA kA upAsaka eka bhI vyakti nahIM thA / devagiriNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke lagabhaga paune chaH sau varSa pazcAt gujarAta meM varddha mAnasUri aura jinezvarasUri ne prathama bAra vasativAsa kI sthApanA kI / ..isa prakAra bhArata ke bahuta bar3e bhAga para apane chaha sau paune chaha sau varSoM ke ekAdhipatya ke pazcAt granahilapurapattana mahArAjAdhirAja durlabharAja kI sabhA meM jinezvara sUri ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha meM caityavAsI paramparA ke sUrAcArya prabhRti caurAsI AcAryoM kI parAjaya ke dina se hI caityavAsI paramparA apane caramotkarSa ke pazcAt hrAsa kI ora unmukha huI / yadyapi caityavAsI paramparA kI isa prathama parAjaya ke pazcAt usakA ( caityavAsI paramparA kA ) pramukha gar3ha gujarAta DhahanA prArambha ho gayA thA tathApi mAravAr3a, mevAr3a Adi aneka pradezoM meM caityavAsiyoM kA jaina samAja para pUrNa prabhutva aura ekAntataH ekAdhipatya thA / vikrama saM0 1967, ASAr3ha zuklA 6 ke dina cittaur3a meM abhayadeva sUri ke paTTadhara va sUripada para adhiSThita aura vi0 saM0 1167 kI kArtika kRSNA 12 kI rAtri meM svargastha hue jina vallabhasUri ko mevAr3a meM vidhimArga kI sthApanA meM caityavAsiyoM ke kisa prakAra ke pratyugra pratirodha kA sAmanA karanA par3A, va kaise caityavAsI zrAvakoM kI eka ugra bhIr3a lAThiyA~ lekara jina vallabhasUri kI hatyA karane ke liye umar3a par3I etadviSayaka ullekhoM se yaha 1. "yUyaM kati sAdhavaH santi ?" "mahArAja ! aSTAdaza / " " ekahastipiNDena sarva tRptA bhaviSyanti / " tato bhariNataM jinezvarasUriNA - "mahArAja ! rAjapiNDo na kalpate, sAdhUnAM niSedhaH kRto rAjapiNDasya / " "tahi mama mAnuSe'gre bhUte bhikSApi sulabhA bhavi vyati / " - - vahI, pRSTha 4 2. 3. zrImadabhayadevasUripaTTe zrI jinavallabhaga riganivezitaH saM0 1167 prASADha sudi 6 citrakUTa vIravidhi catye / - kharatara0 vR0 gu0pR0 14 eTale zrI jinavallabhasUri para caityavAsinoM zratizaya gusse thaI 500 jaraNa lAkar3iyo laI temane mAra mAravA temane mukAme zrAvyA, parantu cittaur3a nA rANAe temane tema karatAM - saMghapaTTaka kI prastAvanA, pR06 aTakAvyA / Page #159 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 101 spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM bhI caityavAsI aneka kSetroM meM jaina samAja para chAye hue the / mevAr3a mAravAr3a Adi aneka kSetroM meM usa samaya taka caityavAsI paramparA kA jaina samAja para pUrNa prabhutva aura ekAdhipatya thA / jinavallabhasUri jaba cittaur3a nagara meM pahuMce to unheM rahane ke liye sthAna taka bhI nahIM diyA gyaa|' anahilapattana meM caityavAsiyoM ko parAjita karane ke pazcAt jinezvarasUri ne gujarAta pradeza meM nirbAdha rUpa se apratihata vihAra kara caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM ko vasativAsI paramparA kA anuyAyI bnaayaa| vi. saM. 1108 meM zrI jinezvarasUri ne "gAthAsahasrI" nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI aura isake kucha hI samaya pazcAt ve svargavAsI hue| jinezvarasUri ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt abhayadevasUri unake paTTa para AsIna hue| abhayadevasUri ne 6 AgamoM kI TIkAoM kI racanA kii| apane guru ke samAna abhayadevasUri ne bhI vasativAsa kA pracAra-prasAra kara caityavAsI paramparA ke gar3hoM ko DhahAne meM ullekhanIya bhUmikA kA nirvahana kiyaa| abhayadevasUri ne svargastha hone se pUrva yaha nizcaya kara liyA thA ki unake pazcAt sUripada para adhiSThita hone ke yogya jinavallabha hI hai kintu prArambha meM vaha kUrcapurIya caityavAsI prAcArya jinezvara sUri kA ziSya thA ataH aise samaya ise sUripada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA to gaccha ke adhikAMza zramaNa evaM zramaNopAsaka isase sahamata na hoMge / yaha vicAra kara abhayadevasUri ne varddhamAnAcArya ko gurupada para adhiSThita kiyA aura jinavallabha ko apanI upasampadA pradAna kii| abhayadevasUri ne apane antima samaya meM prasannacandrAcArya ko ekAnta meM apane vicAroM se avagata karAte hae yaha nirdeza diyA ki samaya pAne para jinavallabha ko ve unake uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM sUripada para adhiSThita kreN| para ve bhI apane jIvanakAla meM uparya kta kAraNavazAt hI saMbhavataH jinavallabha ko abhayadevasari ke paTTadhara ke rUpa meM sUri pada para adhiSThita nahIM karA sake / prasannacandrAcArya ne bhI abhayadevasUri kI bhAMti hI apane jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM devabhadrAcArya ko abhayadevasari kI antima icchA se avagata karAte hue ucita samaya para jinavallabha ko sUripada para AsIna karane kI apanI antima icchA prakaTa kii| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM ullekha hai ki abhayadeva sUri ne apane antima samaya meM varddha mAnAcArya ko gurupada para adhiSThita kiyA aura jinavallabha ko apanI upasampadA de yatheccha vihAra karane kI AjJA pradAna kI / abhayadevasUri ke svargastha hone ke anantara katipaya dinoM taka jinavallabha pattana aura usake pAsa sthAnaM yAcitAstatratyazrAddhAH / taMzca bhariNataM caNDikA maTho'sti yadi tatra tiSThatha / tato jinavallabhagaNinA jJAtamazubhabuddha yA bhaNantyete tathApi ttraapi........| -~-kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvaliH, pR. 10 Page #160 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 102 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 I pAsa ke kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate rahe aura kucha samaya pazcAt unhoMne pattana se cittaur3a kI ora vihAra kiyA / aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue ve cittaur3a pahu~ce / cittaur3a meM unhoMne aneka caityavAsI zramaNopAsakoM ko vasativAsI paramparA kA zramaNopAsaka banAyA aura Asoja kRSNa 13 ke dina unhoMne cittaur3a meM eka ghara meM 24 tIrthaGkaroM ke citroM se maMDita eka caturviMzati jinapaTTaka rakhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke garbhApahAraka nAmaka chaThe kalyANaka mahotsava ko manAne kI prathA pracalita kI / ' paramparA se tIrthaGkaroM ke paMca kalyANaka hI mAne gaye haiM, para jinavallabha AcArya cittaur3a meM sarvaprathama chaThA kalyANaka manAne kI prathA kA pracalana kiyA / AcArya jinavallabha ne isa chaThe kalyANaka kA pracalana kisa saMvat meM kiyaa| isa sambandha meM jaina vAMgmaya meM anyatra to koI ullekha nahIM milatA para AcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAnabhaNDAra, jayapura meM, saMkalita prAcIna aitihAsika sAmagriyoM ke rajisTara meM eka prAcIna patra kI pratilipi meM, isa sambandha meM isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai : ------ (saMvat ) "1135 navAMgavRttikarttA abhayadeva - kUrcapurIya gacche jinezvarasUri ziSya jinavallabha citrakUTe 6 kalyANaka prarUpI mata kADhyo / " isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vi0 saM0 1935 meM huI isa ghaTanA se kucha varSa pUrva vi0 saM0 1126 se 1134 ke bIca kisI samaya amayadevasUri kA svargavAsa huA aura unake svargastha hone ke 38 athavA 33 varSa pazcAt devabhadra AcArya ne prAcArya jinavallabha ko unakI jarAjIrNa antima avasthA meM vikrama saM0 1167 ASAr3ha sudi 6 ke dina cittaur3a meM sUripada para adhiSThita kiyA / ve kevala tIna mAsa aura 21 dina taka hI sUri pada para rahe / vikrama saM0 1167 kI kArtika kRSNA 12 kI rAtri meM ve svargavAsI hue| ve jIvanaparyanta caityavAsI paramparA kI 1 1. tataH sarve zrAvakAH guruNA saha devagRhe gantaM pravRttAH / tato devagRhasthitayAyikayA gurUn zrAddhasamudAyenAgacchatA dRSTvA pRSTam -- ko vizeSo'dya ? kenApi kathitam - vIragarbhApahAraSaSTha kalyANakapUjAkaraNArthaM samAgacchanti / tayAcinti - pUrvaM kenApi na kRtame kariSyanti na yuktam / .... mayAmRtayAyadi pravizata / zrAddha ruktam - vRhattarasadanAni satyekasyopari caturviMzati jinapaTTakaM dhRtvA .... sarva dharmaM prayojanaM kriyate / guruNA bharaNatam " yuktameva / " tata zrArAdhitam vistareNa kalyANakam / 1 - kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvaliH pR0 10 tasmin prastAve devabhadrAcAryA vihArakramaM vidadhAnA prAhilapattane samAyAtAH / tatrAgataizcintitam - "prasanna caMdrAcAryeNa paryantasamaye bhaNitaM mamAgre - " bhavatA zrI jinavallabhagariNaH zrImadabhayadevasUripaTTe nivezanIyaH / " sa ca prastAvo'dya / tataH zrI nAgapure zrI jinavallabhaga vistareNa lekhaH preSitaH tvayA zIghra samudAyena saha citrakUTe samA ( zeSa pRSTha 103 para) Page #161 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 103 zakti ko kSINa karane aura vasativAsI paramparA ko abhyunnati ke liye prayatna karate rahe / unhoMne caityavAsI parampArA ko azAstrIya mAnyatAoM para marmAntakArI prahAra karane vAle "saMghapaTaka" nAmakaH grantha kI racanA kii| jinavallabhasUri ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt unake uttarAdhikArI dAdA jinadattasUri ne bhI caityavAsI paramparA kI zakti ko kSINa karane aura vasativAsI paramparA kI zakti ko bar3hAne kA jIvana-paryanta athaka prayAsa kiyaa| unhoMne aneka kSatrIya parivAroM ko sAmUhika rUpa se jaina dharmAvalambI bnaayaa| jinadattasari ke svargastha hone para unake uttarAdhikArI jinapati sUri ne bhI vi0 saM0 1084 meM varddhamAnasUri aura paM0 jinezvaragaNi dvArA caityavAsiyoM ke viruddha prAraMbha kiye gaye abhiyAna ko uttarottara Age kI ora bddh'aayaa| ve jIvana bhara caityavAsI paramparA ke samUlonmUlana ke liye prayatnazIla rhe| Apane zrI jinavallabhasUriH dvArA racita 40 zlokAtmaka 'saMghapaTTaka' nAmaka grantha para tIna hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA kI racanA kI / Apake dvArA pratibodhita evaM prazikSita nemicandra bhAMDA gArika nAmaka eka viddhAn' zrAvaka ne bhI prAkRta bhASA meM 160 gAthAoM ke 'SaSTiza taka' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kara caityavAsI paramparA ke prabhAva ko samApta karane meM ullekhanIya yogadAna diyaa| jinapatisUri ne bhArata ke sudUrastha sthaloM kA apratihata vihAra kara catyavAsI paramparA ko khokhalA kara diyA / Apake pAsa nemicandra bhaNDArI ke putra ne zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI jo Age jAkara jinapatisUri ke uttarAdhikArI jinezvarasUri ke nAma se vikhyAta hue / jinezvarasUri ne bhI jIvana bhara caityavAsI paramparA se saMgharSa karate hue usakI jar3oM ko jhakajhora DAlA / A pane jinadattasUri dvArA racita saMdohadohAvalI nAmaka grantha para TIkA kI racanA kara caityavAsiyoM ke caityoM ko pranAyatana ThaharAyA aura aneka kSetroM meM caityavAsiyoM kA parAbhava kiyaa| isa prakAra vi0 saM0 1084 meM durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke parAbhava ke pazcAt : vaityavAsI paramparA kA prabhAva uttarottara kSINa se kSINatara hotA hI (pRSTha 102 kA zeSa) gantavya m, yena vayamAgatya cintitaprayojanaM kurmaa| tata: samAgatAH jinavallabhagaraNayaH sapariva raaH| te'pi tathaiva samAgatA devabhadrasUrayaH / paMDita somacandro'pyAkAritaH param nAgantu' zaktaH / idAnIM zrI devabhadra sUribhiH zrImadabhayadevasUripaTTe zrI jinavallabha gaNini vezitaH, saM0 1167 prASAr3ha sudi 6, citrakUTe vIravidhicatye / "krameNa 1167 saMvatsare kArtikakRSNadvAdazyAM rajanyAzcaramayAme dina trayamanazanaM vidhAya' 'zrI jinavallabhasUrayazca turthadevalokaM praaptaaH| ---kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvaliH, pR0 14--- Page #162 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 104 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 calA gyaa| tadanantara gujarAta meM municandrasUri ke prayAsoM se caityavAsI paramparA kA parAbhava huA aura pUnamiyAM gaccha ke prAcAryoM, prAMcalika gaccha ke prAcAryoM, Agamika gaccha ke AcAryoM tathA somasundara sUri ke ziSya munisundarasUri ke sammilita prayAsoM se vi0 saM0 1466 ke AsapAsa caityavAsI paramparA kA hrAsa hotehote usakA astitva hI samApta ho gyaa| caityavAsI paramparA ke samApta hone ke sAtha hI sAtha usa paramparA ke prAcAryoM dvArA apane utkarSakAla meM banAye gaye naye-naye niyamoM, nUtana mAnyatAoM, svakalpita vidhi-vidhAnoM Adi ke sabhI grantha bhI vismRti ke gahana garta meM vilupta ho gaye / Aja caityavAsI paramparA kA eka bhI grantha upalabdha nahIM hai / isa prakAra jo caityavAsI paramparA vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI se bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa taka bhAratavarSa ke adhikAMza bhAgoM para apanA ekAdhipatya aura pUrNa varcasva banAye rahI vaha apane lagabhaga 1000 varSa ke astitva kAla ke pazcAt pUrNataH lupta ho gii| vIra ni0 saM0 2000 ke prathama caraNa meM caityavAsI paramparA to samApta ho gaI kintu vaha apane pIche apane padacinha avazya chor3a gii| caityavAsI paramparA dvArA jo zAstroM se viparIta mAnyatAeM pracalita kI gaI una mAnyatAoM kA pracalana bahusaMkhyaka jainoM meM lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa taka rhaa| caityavAsI paramparA dvArA pracalita kiye gaye naye-naye AkarSaka vidhi-vidhAna nirantara eka hajAra varSa ke pratidina ke abhyAsa ke kAraNa janamAnasa meM dharmakRtyoM ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gaye, logoM ke hRdaya meM gaharA ghara kara gye| unheM chur3avAne ke nirantara aneka prayAsa kiye gaye parantu eka hajAra varSa se abhyasta janasAdhAraNa unameM se pUrNataH rUr3ha katipaya lokapriya se ho gaye, vidhi-vidhAnoM ko chor3ane ke liye kisI bhI dazA meM sahamata nahIM huA / pariNAmataH caityavAsa ke hrAsonmukha kAla meM panapI huI adhikAMza hI nahIM apitu prAyaH sabhI paramparAoM ne caityavAsiyoM dvArA apanI kalpanAnusAra pracalita ko gaI mAnyatAoM ko vidhi-vidhAnoM ko kisI na kisI naye pariveza ke rUpa meM apanA liyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki zAstroM meM jina vidhi-vidhAnoM kA, jina mAnyatAoM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM ve vartamAna kAla kI aneka paramparAoM meM pracalita haiM / una katipaya azAstrIya vidhi-vidhAnoM evaM mAnyatAoM ko dekhane se pratyeka niSpakSa evaM satya ke upAsaka vicAraka ko yahI pratIta hotA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA to samApta ho gaI para usakI chApa, usake padacihna va usake avazeSa Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| Page #163 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 105 caityavAsI paramparA ke prabhAva ke pariNAma yaha to pramANapurassara vistArapUrvaka batAyA jA cukA hai ki devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke AcAryakAla taka prabhu mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita dharma kI mUla paramparA bhAvaparamparA ke rUpa meM akSuNNa evaM anavarata gati se calatI rhii| devaddhi ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt sAdhu prAyaH zithilAcArI bana gaye aura unhoMne aneka prakAra kI dravya paramparAe sthApita kara dii| isa viSaya meM navAMgI vRttikAra prAcArya abhayadevasUri dvArA, apanI kRti "pAgama aTThottarI" kI nimna gAthA meM apane udgAra prakaTa kiye gaye haiM: devaDDhi khamAsamaNa jA, paraMparaM bhAvapro viyAraNami / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, damveNa paraMparA bahuhA // unake ina tathyapUrNa Antarika udgAroM para cintana-manana karane ke pazcAt niSpakSa vicAraka kI isase bhinna rAya nahIM ho sktii| vipula vinAza ke uparAnta bhI avaziSTa rahe vizAla jaina vAMgmaya meM nihita tathyoM ke tulanAtmaka anuzIlana se yaha spaSTataH AbhAsa hotA hai ki devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke anantara caityavAsI paramparA eka pracaMDa AMdhI ke vega ke samAna uThI aura zIghra hI bhArata ke bahuta bar3e bhAga para bar3I tejI se chA gaI / zithilAcAra ke paMka se aMkurita huI caityavAsI paramparA dvArA prasidhArA-gamana tulya ati kaThora zramaNAcAra meM katipaya navanirmita niyamoM ke mAdhyama se dI gaI khulI chUTa ke kAraNa zramaNavarga aura jaina dharma kI adhyAtmamUlaka upAsanA ke sthAna para apanI kapolakalpanA se prerita paramAkarSaka bAhyADambarapUrNa dravyapUjAmayI upAsanA vidhi se gahasthavarga caityavAsI paramparA kI ora isa prakAra AkRSTa hayA, jisa prakAra ki dIpaka kI lau kI ora pataMgoM kA samUha AkarSita hotA hai| eka sahasrAbdi se bhI adhika samaya se, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA nirdiSTa zramaraNacaryA ke kaThora niyamoM kA kar3AI ke sAtha pAlana karatI calI A rahI zramaNa paramparA ke niyamoM meM caityavAsI paramparA dvArA AviSkRta khulI chUTa ko dekha kara aneka parISahabhIru zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke mana dolAyamAna hue| eka-eka kara bahuta se zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM ne zithilAcAra ko apanAyA aura isa prakAra zramaNazramaNiyoM kA bahuta bar3A varga zithilAcArI bana gyaa| kauna sA bhavabhIru saccA zramaNa hai aura kauna sA parISahabhIru zithilAcArI zramaNa, isakI koI pahacAna nahIM rhii| Page #164 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 zithilAcAra kI ora unmukha hue isa prakAra ke yuga meM zithilAcAra kI ora pravRtta hue zramaraNa-zramaNI varga ko aura mukhyataH vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pakSapAtI parISahabhIru zramaraNavarga ko vizuddha zramaraNAcAra meM susthira karane ke uddezya se bhavabhIru sacce zramaNoM ne paraspara vicAra-vimarza kara zAstroM aura mahAnizItha grAdi cheda sUtroM se niryUDa gacchAcAra paiNNaya jaise prAgamika granthoM ko pradarza mAna kara vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle zramaraNa - zramaNI varga ke liye eka sarvasammata samAcArI kA nirmANa kiyaa| sabhI zramaraNoM ke liye samAna AcAra kA nirdhAraNa karane vAlI usa samAcArI ko suvihita prAcAra kI saMjJA dI gii| usa "suvihita grAcAra" samAcArI kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNa zramaNI varga ko suvihita ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAne lagA / isa prakAra mUla paramparA ke vibhinna gaNoM aura gacchoM ke zramaraNa-zramaNiyoM kA, usa samaya zithilAcAra kI prora sAmUhika rUpa se unmukha hue zramaNa-zramaNI varga se eka bhinna varga bana gayA / kAlAntara meM usa suvihita samAcArI kA pAlana karane vAle usa varga ne eka paramparA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA aura loka meM usa paramparA ko "suvihita paramparA" ke nAma se pahacAnA jAne lagA / 106 ] suvi suvihita paramparA vizuddha zramaNAcAra ko "suvihita prAcAra" aura vizuddha zramaraNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke liye "suvihiyAraNam" zabda kA prayoga kita samaya se kiyA jAne lagA, isa prazna kA uttara khojane ke liye hameM sampUrNa jaina vAMgmaya kA vihaGgama dRSTi se avalokana karanA hogA / isa dRSTi se mUla AgamoM kA AloDana karane para vidita hogA ki mUla AgamoM meM na to zramaraNoM ke liye kahIM suvihita zabda kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai aura na zramaraNAcAra keliye hI / prAcIna zrAgamika sAhitya meM se mahAnizItha, gacchAcAra paiNNaya aura titthogAlI paDaNya meM vizuddha pracAra sampanna zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke liye "muvihiyAragam" zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai / "mahAnizItha sUtra" ke pAMcaveM adhyayana meM muvihita mAdhuyoM ke sambandha meM isa prakAra kA ullekha vidyamAna hai "jahA -- icchAyAreNaM na kappaI titthayattaM gaMtu suvihiyANaM / " arthAt muvihita paramparA ke zramaNoM ko ( apanI icchAnusAra ) tIrthayAtrA ke liye jAnA kampanIya nahIM hai / "gacchAcAra paiNAya" meM suvihita sAdhusroM kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : Page #165 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] AraMbhesu pasattA, siddhanta - paraMmuhA visayagiddhA / muttaM muriNo goyama ! vasijja majjhe suvihiyAraNaM / / 104 / / arthAt jo sAghu Arambha-samArambha ke kAryoM meM pralipta-prasakta athavA saMlagna haiM, jo sarvajJa tIrthaGkara prabhu dvArA prarUpita maura gaNadharoM dvArA grathita siddhAntoM se viparIta AcaraNa evaM upadeza karate haiM praura jo viSaya kaSAyoM ke daladala meM phaMse hue haiM, aise nAmamAtra ke sAdhuoMoM kI saMgati kA parityAga kara he gautama! suvihita sAdhutroM ke bIca meM rahanA cAhiye / " titthogAlI paiNNaya " nAmaka prAcIna graMtha meM suvihita zramaraNoM ke ullekha ke sAtha hI sAtha "suvihita garie" (suvihita prAcArya ) kA bhI ullekha vidyamAna hai / suvihita zramaraNoM sambandhI titthogAlI paiNNaya kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : pADivato nAmerA araNagAro, taha ya suvihiyA samaraNA / dukkhaparimoyaTThA, chaTThaTThama tave kAhinti // 682 // [ 107 arthAt - pADivata ( prAtivrata ) nAmaka araNagAra ( prAcArya) aura suvihita zramaNa garaNa saba prakAra ke duHkhoM kA anta karane ke lie bele aura tele kI tapasyAe~ kareMge | suvihita gari ( prAcArya ) ke sambandha meM titthogAlI paiNNaya kA ullekha isa prakAra hai :-- ko vikayamabhAto, samaNo samaraNaguNaniu citaimro / pucchara gariMga suvihiyaM praisayanAriMga mahAmattaM / / 702 / / ' arthAt - zramaNa guNoM ( zramaNoM ke prAcAra) kI paripAlanA meM kuzala aura citanazIla koI eka zramaraNa svAdhyAya karane ke pazcAt pratizayajJAnI aura mahAn satvazAlI suvihita prAcArya se prazna karatA hai / mahAnizItha sUtra, gacchAcAra paiNNaya aura titthogAlI paiNNaya ina tInoM granthoM ke racanAkAla aura ina tonoM ke racanAkAroM ke sambandha meM purAtatvavid prathavA vidvAn abhI taka kisI nizcita nirNaya para nahIM pahuMca pAyeM haiM / tathApi yaha munizcitarUpeNa siddha ho gayA hai ki sar3a jAne aura dImakoM dvArA khA liye jAne ke kAraNa khaNDa- vikhaNDita hue mahAnizItha sUtra kI jIrNa prati se yAkinI mahattarAsUnuH paM0 zrI kalyANa vijayajI ma0 evaM gajasiMha rAThor3a dvArA sampAdita "titthogAlI paiNNaya" Page #166 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 108 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 haribhadrasUri ne, jinakA ki sattAkAla vi0 saM0 757 se 827 taka rahA, mahAnizItha sUtra kA apanI mati anusAra zodhana-parivarddhana kara punaruddhAra kiyA / ' mahAnizItha meM caityavAsI paramparA ke udbhava aura usakI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM anyatra anupalabdha aneka vistRta ullekhoM kI vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mahAnizItha kI racanA caityavAsI paramparA ke janma aura pracAra-prasAra ho cukane ke pazcAt kisI samaya meM kI gii| gacchAcAra paiNNaya ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM vicAra karane para yaha racanA mahAnizItha se uttaravartI kAla kI pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki gacchAcAra paiNNaya meM mahAnizItha sUtra kI katipaya gAthAe yathAvat vidyamAna haiM / ___isI prakAra "titthogAlI painnaya' ke racanAkAra athavA racanAkAla ke sambandha meM pramANAbhAva ke kAraNa nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| tIrthaMkaroM dvArA sthApita caturvidha saMgha ke pravAha aura hrAsa para prakAza DAlane vAlA yaha eka prAcIna grantha hai / isameM aneka aitihAsika tathyoM kA ullekha hai / Arya sthUlibhadra ke prAcAryakAla taka kI ghaTanAoM kA isameM bhUtakAla kI ghaTanAoM ke rUpa meM aura unake prAcAryakAla se uttaravartI kAla kI ghaTanAoM kA bhaviSya kAla kI ghaTanAoM ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| isase yaha anumAna, karane ko avakAza milatA hai ki kahIM isa "titthogAlI paiNNaya" grantha kI racanA Arya mahAgirI ke samaya meM to nahIM kI gaI hai| para jahAM isa grantha ko nimnalikhita gAthA para dRSTi par3atI hai ............., naMda vaMso muriya vaso ya / savarAheNa paragaTThA, jAriNa cattAri puvvaaii| to isameM maurya vaMza ke samApta hone ke ullekha ko dekha kara vaha anumAna nirI kalpanA mAtra hI siddha hotA hai| isake sAtha hI isa grantha meM aneka prakSipta gAthAoM kI vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kaunasI gAthA prakSipta hai aura kaunasI mUla / jisa gAthA ke AdhAra para kAla ke sambandha meM nirNaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, kahIM vaha gAthA prakSipta gAthA to nahIM hai, isa AzaMkA se bhI kisI nirNAyaka sthiti para pahu~cane meM kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai| isake sAtha hI yaha bhI vicAra AtA hai ki isa grantha meM jahAM eka ora tIrtha-pravAha se sambandhita dvAdazAMgI ke hrAsa, viccheda aura katipaya prAcAryoM ' (ka) vistAra ke liye dekhiye prastuta grantha kA hI "hArilasUri kA prakaraNa / (kha) kuzalamatirihoddadhAra janopaniSadikaM sa mahAnizIthazAstram // 216 / / prabhAvakacaritra, haribhadrasUricaritam, pR0 75 Page #167 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 106 ke svargArohaNa kAla Adi aneka aitihAsika tathyoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, vahAM dUsarI ora tIrthapravAha se sambandhita caityavAsI paramparA ke udgama, utkarSa aura hrAsa ke sambandha meM eka bhI zabda nahIM likhA gayA hai, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para titthogAlI paiNNaya ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kevala yahI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke prasAra ke pazcAt hI kisI samaya meM isa grantha kI racanA kI gaI hogii| isa anumAna kI puSTi kevala isI eka pramANa se hotI hai ki suvihita zramaNoM kA ullekha caityavAsI paramparA ke udbhava ke pUrva ke kisI grantha meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA aura titthogAlI paiNNaya meM suvihita zramaNoM aura suvihita gaNi-donoM hI zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha grantha caityavAsI paramparA ke prasAra ke samaya meM hI habdha kiyA gyaa| - ina tIna prAcIna ullekhoM ke pazcAdvartI kAla kA etadviSayaka ullekha, sAtaveM aGgazAstra "uvAsagadasAno" kI TIkA meM upalabdha hotA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : paDhama jaINa dAUraNa, appaNA paNamiUraNa pAre / asaI ya suvihiyAraNaM, bhujei ya kaya disAlopro / / yaha ullekha vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI kA hai| navAMgI TIkAkAra zrI abhayadevasUri ne vi0saM0 1120 meM jJAtAdharmakathA, sthAnAMgasUtra, samavAyAMga sUtra aura vi. saM. 1128 meM vyAkhyA prajJapti (bhagavatI) sUtra-ina cAra aGgazAstroM kI TIkAoM kI racanA kii| inase pUrva athavA pazcAt kisI samaya meM, unhoMne upAsakadazA, anuttaropapAtika, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka, aupapAtika aura prajJApanA-ina prAgamoM kI TIkAoM kI racanAe bhI kI / abhayadeva sUri vi0 saM0 1135 (dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra 1136) meM kapar3agaMja meM svargastha hue| upAsakadazAMga kI TIkA unhoMne vi0 saM0 1121 se 1134 ke bIca kI avadhi meM kisI samaya kI hogii| abhayadevasUri ke samaya meM caityavAsI paramparA apane caramotkarSa ke pazcAt zanaiH zanaiH hrAsa kI ora unmukha ho cukI thI / isa prakAra upAsakadazAMga kI TIkA kA yaha ullekha bhI caityavAsI paramparA ke paramotkarSa kAla ke pazcAt kA hI hai| isI prakAra paurNamAsika gaccha ke pravartaka zrI candraprabhasUri ke ziSya zrI dharma ghoSa muni ne vi0 saM0 1162, tadnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1632 ke prAsapAsa kI apanI racanA "RSimaNDala stotra" meM mUla zramaNa paramparA ke Arya vajra aura unake 500 ziSyoM ko "suvihita" vizeSaNa ke sAtha smaraNa karate hue unheM vandana namana kiyA hai / yathA Page #168 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 110 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 nAraNa virAya pahANehi, paMcahi saehiM jo suvihiyAraNaM / pAzrovagazro mahappA, tamajja vairaM nama'sAmi ||208 || isI prakAra rAjagaccha ke prAcArya candraprabhasUri ke ziSya zrI prabhAcandrasUri ne apanI vi0 saM0 1334 kI racanA 'prabhAvaka caritra' meM bhI suvihita zramaraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : -- dade zikSeti taiH zrImatpattane caityasUribhiH / vighnaM suvihitAnAM syAt, tatrAvasthAnavAraNAt / / 44 / / isase uttaravartI kAla ke jaina sAhitya meM sthAna-sthAna para " suvihita prAcAra", " suvihita zramaraNa", "suvihita sAdhuvarga" Adi zabdoM kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai / vikrama saM0 1617 kArtika sudi 7 zukravAra ke dina pATaNa nagara meM kharataragacchIya AcArya jinacandrasUri ne sabhI gacchoM ke gItArtha prAcAryoM evaM muniyoM ko ekatrita kara tapAgacchIya zrI vijayadAnasUri ke ziSya upAdhyAya dharmasAgara dvArA racita 'tatvataraMgiNI vRtti' meM ullikhita aneka graMzoM ko utsUtra ghoSita kiyA / vahAM ekatrita bAraha prAcAryoM aura prAyaH sabhI gacchoM ke gItArtha zramaraNoM ne dharmasAgara ko bulAyA, samajhAyA para vaha apanI mAnyatA para ar3A rahA / pariNAmataH vahAM ekatrita zrAcAryoM evaM zramaraNoM ne upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ko ninhava ghoSita kara saMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyA / usa ghoSaNApatra meM bhI kharataragacchIya sAdhunoM ke liye "suvihita sAdhuvarga" kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / " 1 (caityavAsI paramparA ke janma ke pazcAtkAlIna ina ullekhoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki mUla zramaNAcArI AcAryoM ne zithilAcAra meM lipta huI caityavAsI paramparA ke pracAra-prasAra ke kAraNa zramaraNa-zramaraNI varga meM bar3hate hue zithilAcAra ko rokane evaM mUla zramaraNaparamparA tathA jaina dharma ke adhyAtmaparaka mUla svarUpa kI surakSA ke uddezya se vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle sabhI zramaNoM ke liye eka samAcArI kA nirdhAraNa kiyA / prabheda evaM mataikya prakaTa karane kI dRSTi se usa navanirdhArita samAcArI ko pAlane evaM mAnane vAle sabhI zramaraNazramaNiyoM ko binA kisI garaNa athavA gaccha ke bhedabhAva ke "suvihita" nAma se sambodhita karanA prArambha kiyaa| isa prakAra eka samAcArI kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNa-zramaNI varga ne mUla zramaNa paramparA meM zithilAcAra ke praveza ko rokane 1. prAcArya zrI vinayacanda jJAnabhaNDAra, jayapura kA rajisTara saM. 1, jisameM aneka jJAnabhaNDAroM evaM sthAnoM se zrI gajasiMha rAThaur3a dvArA vipula aitihAsika sAmagrI saMkalita kI gaI hai / pR0 150 evam 183 | ( prakAzita ) Page #169 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] / 111 ke sAtha-sAtha caityavAsI paramparA kI AMdhI se dharma ke mala svarUpa aura mUla zramaNa paramparA ko bacAye rakhane kA saMgaThita rUpa meM pUrA prayAsa kiyaa| unake isa susaMgaThita prayAsa se mUla zramaNa paramparA naSTa hone se bacI aura caityavAsiyoM ke uttarottara bar3hate hue prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa kramazaH kSINa aura kSINattara hote hue bhI usa saMkrAntikAla meM vaha jIvita raha skii| dharma ke mUla svarUpa aura mala zramaNAcAra kI rakSArtha eka samAcArI ke mAdhyama se saMgaThita evaM ekajUTa hue sabhI garaNoM aura gacchoM ke usa zramaNa-zramaNI varga ko suvihita paramparA kI saMjJA dI gii| caityavAsiyoM kI sarvagrAsI bhISaNa aAMdhI se vizuddha zramaNAcAra tathA dharma kI rakSA karane ke kAraNa suvihita paramparA kI pratiSThA bar3hI aura caityavAsI paramparA ke paramotkarSa kAla meM bhI avaziSTa rahI athavA astitva meM AI haI tathA usase uttaravartI kAla meM samaya-samaya para prakaTa huI sabhI zramaNa paramparAoM ne apanA srota suvihita paramparA se jor3ate hue apane Apako suvihita paramparA kA hI aMga honA prakaTa kiyaa| zramaNa paramparA athavA zramaNAcAra ke liye AgamoM meM kahIM bhI suvihita zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| caityavAsI paramparA ke prAdurbhAva ke pazcAt nirmita hue jaina vAMgmaya meM hI zramaraNoM, AcAryoM evaM zramaNAcAra ke liye suvihita zabda kA prayoga vizepaNa ke rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai| isa prakAra kI paristhiti meM UparivaNita tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke prAdurbhAva, pracAra-prasAra aura paramotkarSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI mUla zramaNa paramparA ko suvihita paramparA kI saMjJA dI gii| isa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA ke prAdurbhAva, paramotkarSa aura prabhAva kA yaha supariNAma huA ki bhinna-bhinna gacchoM athavA gaNoM ke zramaNa suvihita paramparA--prarthAta-bhalI-bhAMti vidhipUrvaka pratipAdita paramparA ke eka sUtra meM Abaddha hue / vastutaH muvihita paramparA ke nAma para kisI navIna paramparA ko janma nahIM diyA gayA thA / apitu bhinna-bhinna gaNoM athavA gacchoM meM vibhakta mUla paramparA ke zramaNoM ko ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha karane ke liye mUla zramaNa paramparA ko hI yaha eka tAsUcaka dUsarA nAma diyA gayA) prathama duSpariNAma __ caityavAsI paramparA kI bAda meM dharma aura zramaNa paramparA ke mUla svarUpa ko paryApta aMzoM meM surakSita rakha kara kAlAntara meM muvihita paramparA bhI saMbhavataH zanaiH zanaiH aNakta aura kSINa hote-hote caityavAsI paramparA ke uttarottara bar3hate hue prabhAva kI tulanA meM nagaNya mI hI raha gaI / kAlacakra kA prabhAva bar3A ho vicitra hai / apane ApakA muvihita paramparA ke nAma se paricaya dene vAlI, caityavAsI paramparA ke utkarSa kAla meM ubharI huI, katipaya parampagoM ke kAryakalApoM, mAnyatAoM, vidhi Page #170 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 112 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vidhAnoM evaM dainandinI ke vivaraNoM ko par3hane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jo suvihita paramparA zatAbdiyoM taka caityavAsiyoM dvArA pracalita kI gaI zAstraviruddha mAnyatAoM kA virodha karatI rahI, prabala pauruSa aura sAhasa ke sAtha zAstrIya mAnyatAoM, mala zramaNAcAra aura dharma ke zAstra sammata svarUpa kA na kevala paripAlana hI apitu pracAra-prasAra bhI karatI rahI, usI suvihita paramparA ke nAma para panapI huI ve paramparAe bhI caityavAsiyoM dvArA pracAlita bAhyADambarapUrNa vidhi-vidhAnoM, aura AcAra-vicAra kI ora dhIre dhIre AkRSTa hone lgiiN| isake pIche eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa rahA, vaha thA caityavAsI paramparA kA sudIrghakAlIna ekAdhipatya / dUsarA duSpariNAma caityavAsI paramparA ke vyApaka prabhAva kA dasarA dUragAmI duSpariNAma yaha hA ki caityavAsiyoM dvArA zramaraNoM ke liye apanI kapola kalpanAnusAra nirmita kiye gaye zAstrAjJA se pUrNataH pratikUla daza niyamoM ke pracalana ke kAraNa vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa meM bhI aura bhAvapUjA ke sthAna para dravyapUjA aura bAhyADambarapUrNa bhautika vidhi-vidhAnoM ko prAdhAnyatA. dene ke kAraNa prabhu mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita dharma ke mUla svarUpa meM bhI aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyAM utpanna ho gyiiN| zramaNa jIvana vipula vaibhavazAlI susamRddha gRhastha ke jIvana se bhI adhika bhogapUrNa, aizvaryazAlI, samRddhi sampanna aura saukhya pradAyI bana gayA / dharma kI prANasvarUpA AdhyAtmikatA ko dharma meM se nikAla kara usake sthAna para bhautikatA ko kUTa-kUTa kara bhara diyA gayA / sukha-samRddhipUrNa aizvaryazAlI zramaNajIvana, kA jo svarUpa caityavAsiyoM ne prastuta kiyA, usase bhogalipsu loga adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM caityavAsI zramaraNasamudAya kI ora AkRSTa hue aura isa prakAra caityavAsiyoM ke zramaNoM kI saMkhyA meM svalpakAla meM hI Azcaryajanaka abhi-vRddhi ho gii| dUsarI ora caityavAsiyoM dvArA diye gaye aihika aura pAralaukika pralobhanoM tathA ADambarapUrNa AkarSaka vidhi-vidhAna, anuSThAna ke AyojanoM se jana-sAdhAraNa sAmUhika rUpa se caityavAsI paramparA kI ora prAkRpTa huA / isa prakAra thor3e samaya meM hI caityavAsI paramparA ke upAsakoM kI saMkhyA meM bhI saba ora se AzAtIta abhivRddhi hii| aneka pradezoM meM to caityavAsI paramparA kA jainoM para eka chatra ekAdhipatya sA ho gyaa| dharma kA svarUpa bhI Amala-cUla badala diyA gyaa| aneka kSetroM ke nivAsI to jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko aura mUla zramaNa paramparA ko pUrI taraha bhUla hI gaye / mUla zramaNa paramparA, jise usa saMkrAntikAla meM suvihita paramparA kA nAma diyA gayA thA, vaha aneka kSetroM meM lupta aura katipaya kSetroM meM luptaprAyaH sI ho gaI / adhikAMza kSetroM ke jainadharmAvalambI aura zeSa kSetroM kA prAyaH pUrA kA pUrA jana-sAdhAraNa caityavAsiyoM ko hI vAstavika jaina zramaNa aura caityavAsiyoM dvArA vikRta kiye gaye dharma ke svarUpa ko hI vAstavika jaina dharma Page #171 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 113 samajhane lage / dharma kA, caityavAsiyoM dvArA AmUla-cUla parivartita aura vikRta svarUpa hI vAstavika sacce jaina dharma ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gyaa| caityanirmANa, matipratiSThA, dhvajAropaNa, devArcana,' mUrti ke samakSa nRtya-saMgIta, kIrtana, rathayAtrA, tIrthayAtrA, prabhAvanA, dhUpa, dIpa, naivedya, puSpa, puSpahAra, kesara, candana Adi se pratimA kA pUjana Adi taka hI jainadharma kA vAstavika svarUpa sImita mAnA jAne lgaa| kabhI alpa to kabhI adhika, kula milAkara lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa taka yahI sthiti banI rhii| ye hI kRtya jainadharma ke mUla dhArmika kRtya haiM, ina dhArmika kRtyoM ko nitya niyamita rUpa se karane vAlA vyakti kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai, mukti zIghra hI usakA varaNa kara letI hai, ina dhArmika kRtyoM ko kara lene ke pazcAt kucha bhI karanA avaziSTa nahIM raha jAtA, isa prakAra kI dRr3ha dhAraNA jana-jana ke mana aura mastiSka meM caityavAsiyoM dvArA bhara dI gii| vIra nirvANa kI dvitIya sahasrAbdi kI antima zatAbdi ke pUrvArddha meM caityavAsI paramparA ke vilupta ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI logoM ke mana aura mastiSka meM yahI bhAvanA ghara kiye rahI / caityavAsI paramparA ke hrAsa ke prArambha kAla se hI . caityavAsI paramparA ke unmUlana meM saMlagna zramaNa paramparAoM ke zramaraNoM ne isa bAta kA pUrA-pUrA prayAsa kiyA ki caityavAsI paramparA ke sampUrNa saMskAra logoM ke manamastiska se nikala jAyaM, kintu eka hajAra varSoM kI pIr3hI-prapIr3hI se una vidhividhAnoM kA pUrNata: abhyasta janamAnasa caityavAsiyoM dvArA DAle gaye saMskAroM ko nahIM chor3a sakA / una saMskAroM ko chur3Ane kA prayAsa karane vAle bhI apane abhiyAna meM asaphala rahe / isa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA ke prabhAva kA dUsarA duSpariNAma yaha hayA ki dharma aura zramaNa paramparA ke mUla svarUpa meM aneka vikRtiyAM jo utpanna ho gaI thIM, ve sthAyI rUpa dhAraNa kara gii| tIsarA duSpariNAma caityavAsI paraMparA ke utkarSa kAla meM, devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke kucha samaya pazcAt hI janamAnasa ko caityavAsI paraMparA dvArA pracalita kiye gaye prAkarSaka vidhi-vidhAnoM, bAhyADambarapUrNa dhArmika kRtyoM, anuSThAnoM Adi kI ora unmukha huA dekha kara zithilAcAra kI ora jhuke hue katipaya zramaNa samUhoM ne janamAnasa meM apanI sthiti banAye rakhane ke uddezya se caityoM meM niyata nivAsa, prauddezika bhojana Adi kucha bAtoM ko chor3akara caityavAsiyoM dvArA pracAlita kiye gaye katipaya vidhividhAnoM aura ADambarapUrNa dharmakatyoM ko thor3e parivartana ke sAtha svIkAra kara liyA thaa| loka meM unakI sthiti dekhakara suvihita paramparA ke aneka zramaNoM ne bhI unakA anusaraNa kiyaa| isa prakAra suvihita paramparA aura caityavAsI paramparA ke bIca kA eka aura zramaNavarga astitva meM aayaa| jisa prakAra caityavAsiyoM ne apanI mAnya Page #172 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 114 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 . tAoM ko ucita siddha karane ke liye aneka naye granthoM kI racanAeM kI thIM, ThIka usI prakAra mUla zramaNa paramparA aura caityavAsI paramparA ke bIca ke usa zramaNavarga ne apanI una mAnyatAoM kI puSTi meM, jinakA ki zAstroM meM ullekha taka nahIM hai, bhASyoM, nirya ktiyoM, cariNayoM, avaNiyoM, TIkAoM, jIvana caritroM, kathAnakoM Adi kA lekhana prArambha kiyaa| apanI ina navIna kRtiyoM meM apanI mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa udAharaNoM, kathAnakoM, gadya-padyAMzoM Adi kA samAveza kara apanI nUtana mAnyatAoM ko zAstrasammata siddha karane kA unhoMne pUrNa prayAsa kiyaa| logoM ko adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM apanI ora AkRSTa karane ke uddezya se suvihita paramparA ke jina-jina zramaNoM ne jitanI adhika mAtrA meM caityavAsiyoM dvArA pracalita kI gaI mAnyatAoM ko kucha hera-phera ke sAtha apanI mAnyatA ke rUpa meM apanAyA thA, unhoMne svalikhita una caNiyoM, bhASyoM, nirya ktiyoM, TIkAoM Adi ko zAstroM ke samakakSa sthAna de unheM mAnya kiyaa| isa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA ke prabhAva kA tIsarA duSpariNAma yaha huA ki mala paramparA meM jahAM AgamoM ko hI parama prAmANika mAnA jAtA thA, vahAM prAgamoM se bhinna granthoM ko bhI AgamoM ke hI samAna prAmANika mAnane kA pracalana prArambha hnaa| Agama sAhitya meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki gaNadharoM dvArA vItarAgavANI ke AdhAra para grathita zAstroM aura caturdazapUrvadhara athavA dazapUrvadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI meM se nirya Dha zAstroM ko hI parama prAmANika mAnA jAya / kintu caityavAsI paramparA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa una.prAcAryoM-dvArA racita cariNa, bhASya, TIkA Adi granthoM ko bhI zAstroM ke samAna hI mAnya kiyA gayA jina prAcAryoM ko pUrvo ke jJAna kI bAta to dUra ekAdazAMgI ke una bhAgoM athavA aMzoM kA bhI jJAna nahIM thA, jo aMza unake samaya se pUrva hI naSTa ho cuke the, ina granthoMko AgamoM ke samakakSa mAnane vAloM kI saMkhyA bhI uttarottara bar3hatI gii| . cauthA duSpariNAma logoM ko adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM apanI ora AkRSTa karane athavA apanA anuyAyI banAne ke uddezya se suvihita paramparA ke jina-jina zramaNoM ne jitanI adhika mAtrA meM caityavAsiyoM kI mAnyatAoM ko thor3e bahuta hera-phera ke sAtha apanI mAnyatA ke rUpa meM apanAyA thA, ve una navanirmita bhASyoM, nirya ktiyoM, cUNiyoM aura TIkAoM Adi ko loka-pravAha ke anurUpa samajha kara utane hI adhika una cUNiyoM grAdi kI ora AkRSTa hue| zanaiH zanaiH prAyaH sabhI gacchoM ke zramaNoM meM loka-pravAha ke anurUpa calane kI pravRtti jAgRta hone lagI aura ve zAstrIya ullekhoM ko adhika mahatva na dekara apane pakSa kI puSTi aura apanI prazAstrIya mAnyatAoM ke aucitya ko siddha karane ke liye niyaM ktiyoM, bhASyoM, cUNiryoM aura TIkAoM ke ullekhoM ko ho pramAraNa ke rUpa meM prastuta karane lge| Page #173 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vikRtiyoM ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi ] [ 115 kharataragaccha bRhad gurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra vikrama saM0 1084 meM aNahilapaTTaNa ke mahArAjA durlabharAja kI sabhA meM sUrAcArya Adi caityavAsI AcAryoM ke sAtha hae jinezvarasUri ke zAstrArtha ke samaya taka vanavAsI udyotanasUri ke ziSya varddhamAna sUri kI paramparA ke zramaNa kevala gaNadharoM aura caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA grathita zAstroM ko hI prAmANika mAnate the, inake atirikta anya kisI kI racanA ko ve prAmANika nahIM mAnate the / parantu kAlAntara meM zramaNoM meM lokapravAha ke anurUpa calane kI pravRtti bar3hane lagI aura prAyaH sabhI zramaNa paramparAe cUNiyoM Adi ko bhI zAstroM ke samAna hI prAmANika mAnane lgiiN| durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue usa aitihAsika zAstrArtha meM jinezvarasUri ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA ki ve kevala gaNadharoM aura caturdazapUrvadharoM dvArA racita zAstroM ko hI prAmANika mAnate haiN| inako chor3a zeSa kisI kRti ko, kisI grantha ko ve prAmANika nahIM mAnate / kevala eka isI pramukha yukti athavA mukhya mAnyatA ke AdhAra para jinezvarasUri ne usa aitihAsika zAstrArtha meM vijaya prApta kI / kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvali ke etadviSayaka ullekha ko par3hane se to sahaja hI yaha vidita hotA hai ki varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA ke zramaNa usa samaya taka kevala garagadharoM dvArA grathita aura caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA niryar3ha zAstroM ko hI prAmANika mAnate the / daza pUrvadharoM dvArA racita AgamoM ko bhI ve prAmANika nahIM mAnate the| sambhavataH zramaNoM meM lokapravAha ke anurUpa calane kI pravRtti ke bar3hane kA hI yaha pariNAma thA ki unhIM varddhamAnasUri, jinezvarasUri kI paramparA ke paTTadhara prAcArya aura zramaNa kAlAntara meM aise prAcAryoM kI racanAoM ko bhI zAstroM ke samAna hI prAmANika mAnane lage, jinheM eka pUrva kA bhI jJAna nahIM thaa| jisa lokapravAha ko manISI prAcAryoM ne bher3acAla kI saMjJA dI hai, usI lokapravAha ke anukala, anurUpa bhASyoM, cUNiyoM, niyuktiyoM, TIkAoM Adi kI racanAe kI gii| uttaravartI kAla ke una AcAryoM ne apanI ina racanAoM se vItarAgavANIzAstrAjJA athavA zAstrIya ullekhoM kI apekSA lokapravAha ko adhika mahatva dete hue una mAnyatAoM kI puSTi kI, jinakA ki zAstroM meM yA to spaSTa niSedha hai athavA kahIM koI ullekha taka nahIM hai para loka pravAha meM pracalita haiN| ___isI kAraNa vIra nirvANa kI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha meM jaba caityavAsI paramparA samApta ho gaI to usa samaya caityavAsI paramparA ke jitane bhI anuyAyI the ve binA kisI hicaka ke niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, cUNiyoM evaM TIkAoM Adi ko zAstroM ke samAna hI prAmANika mAnane vAlI zramaNa paramparAoM ke anuyAyI bana gye| kyoMki caityavAsiyoM ne apane zrAddhavarga arthAt zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ke lie jo vidhi-vidhAna, anuSThAna, dhArmika kRtya Adi Adi nirdhArita kiye the ve prAyaH sabake Page #174 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa-bhAga 3 saba yatkicita phera-badala ke sAtha, cariNayoM Adi ko prAmANika mAnane vAlI paramparAoM meM jyoM ke tyoM milate haiN| unheM yahAM yaha vizeSatA milI ki una sabhI mAnyatAoM ko ina paramparAoM meM cUNiyoM, bhASyoM Adi ke mAdhyama se yena kena prakAreNa zAstrIya bAnA pahanA diyA gayA thaa| caityavAsI paramparA ke zramaNoM ke liye-caitya meM niyata nivAsa, auddezika bhojana, caityoM kA svAmitva, rupayA, paisA, parigraha rakhanA Adi ke sambandha meM jo daza niyama banAye the, unase usa zrAddhavarga ko kucha bhI lenA-denA nahIM thaa| unheM to caityavAsiyoM dvArA apane zrAddha-varga ke nimitta nirmita vidhi-vidhAnoM aura mAnyatAoM se hI matalaba thA, jo unheM cUNiyoM ko prAmANika mAnane vAlI anya paramparAoM meM prAyaH usI rUpa meM upalabdha ho giiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM moTe rUpa se do vibhAga isa prakAra pazcAdvartI zramasa paramparAoM kI lokapravAha ke anurUpa calane kI pravRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa unake upAsakoM kI saMkhyA meM to AzAtIta vRddhi huI para caityavAsI paramparA ke lupta ho jAne ke anantara bhI, usake dvArA jo vikRtiyAM dharma ke zAstrIya svarUpa meM utpanna kara dI gaI thIM, ve prAyaH usI rUpa meM banI rhiiN| caityavAsI paramparA to samApta ho gaI para usake avazeSa usakI zrAddhavarga sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke rUpa meM bane rhe| . isa sabakA ghAtaka pariNAma yaha huA ki caityavAsI paramparA ke avasAna ke anantara bhI jaina saMgha moTe taura para ina do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hI rahA : 1. pahalA vibhAga to niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, cUNiyoM, avacUriNayoM aura TIkAoM ko zAstroM ke samAna prAmANika mAnane vAlA / aura 2. dUsarA vibhAga niyuktiyoM, cUNiyoM Adi ko (sampUrNa rUpa se) prAmANika nahIM mAnane vaalaa| ___ ina do vibhAgoM meM se pahalA vibhAga caityavAsiyoM ke patanonmukha kAla meM vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI taka bahujanasammata aura anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se sazakta rhaa| dUsarA vibhAga vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka atisvalpa saMkhyaka anuyAyiyoM kI dRSTi se nitAnta gauraNa aura azakta rhaa| kintu vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha kAla se yaha ubharane lagA aura uttarottara isakA pracAra-prasAra bar3hane lgaa| Page #175 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prAdurbhAva :-prAcIna jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana evaM manana se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI saMghoM meM devaddhigariNa kSamA zramaNa ke svargastha hone se pUrva vIra nirvANa samvat 840 ke Asa-pAsa hI bhaTTAraka paramparA kA bIjAropaNa to ho gayA thA kintu vIra nirvANa kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa taka zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI saMghoM meM navodita paramparAe prasiddhi ko prApta nahIM kara sakI, gauraNa hI banI rhiiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM ne prArambha meM paramparA ke AgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaNAcAra aura caityavAsI paramparA ke zithilAcAra ke bIca ke madhyama mArga ko apnaayaa| isI prakAra digambara paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM ne bhI giri-guhAvAsa va vanavAsa kA parityAga kara prArambha meM caityoM meM aura caityAbhAva meM grAma-nagara Adi ke bahirbhAgastha gRhoM meM nivAsa karanA prArambha kiyaa| ugra vihAra rUpa paramparAgata paribhramaNazIla zramaNa jIvana kA ina donoM saMghoM kI bhaTTAraka paramparAoM ke zramaNoM ne tyAga kara samAna rUpa se sadA eka hI sthAna para niyata nivAsa aMgIkAra kiyaa| AgamAnusArI zramaNAcAra se nitAnta bhinna apane isa AcaraNa kI upayogitA, upAdeyatA athavA sArthakatA siddha karane ke uddezya se donoM hI saMghoM ke bhaTTArakoM ne apane-apane maThoM-mandiroM meM "siddhAnta zikSaNa zAlAeM" kholakara unameM bAlakoM-kizoroM ko zanaiH zanaiH vyAvahArika, dhArmika aura saiddhAntika zikSaNa denA prArambha kiyaa| isa prakAra ke niHzulka zikSaNa se baccoM meM jJAna-vRddhi aura dharma ke prati prema dekhakara janamAnasa bar3A prabhAvita huaa| bhAvI pIr3hI ke lie isa prakAra ke . prazikSaNa ko paramopayogI samajhakara nagaravAsiyoM athavA grAmavAsiyoM ne zrImantoM se dhana saMgraha kara maTha, mandira, caityAlaya, upAzraya, niSidhiyAM aura unake vistIrNa prAMgaNoM meM chAtrAvAsoM, vidyAlayoM aura bhojanazAlAoM kA nirmANa karavAnA prArambha kiyaa| donoM paramparAoM ke bhaTTAraka apane-apane bhaktoM dvArA mandiroM ke sAtha nirmApita vizAla prAvAsoM ko bastiyoM, niSidhiyoM athavA maThoM kA nAma dekara unameM rahane lge| prArambhika avasthA meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAgoM ke bhaTTArakoM ke ina grAvAmoM ko maThoM ke nAma se hI abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA / Page #176 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kintu kAlAntara meM pRthaka-pRthaka pahicAna ke liye zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM ko zrIpajya jI, inake AvAsoM arthAta zrIpUjya jI ke siMhAsana pIThoM ko Azrama, mandira jI Adi nAmoM se aura digambara paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM ke siMhAsana pIThoM ko maTha, nasiyAM (nisihiyAM-niSidhiyAM), bastiyAM (vasadiyAM) Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA jAne lgaa| yoM to prArambhika kAla meM donoM paramparAoM ke bhaTTArakoM ke siMhAsana pITha bhArata ke sabhI prAntoM ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM rahe kintu Age cala kara zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM kA uttara-bhArata tathA dakSiNa-pazcimI bhArata meM aura digambara paramparA kA mukhyataH dakSiNa-bhArata meM varcasva rahA / donoM paramparAoM ke bhaTTArakoM ne apane-apane bhaktoM dvArA nirmApita maThoM, siMhAsana pIThoM kA svAmitva prApta kara unameM niyata nivAsa karate hue zikSaNa saMsthAnoM meM jaina kuloM ke bAlakoM ko aura vizeSataH anya vargoM ke sAdhAraNa sthiti ke gRhasthoM ke bAlakoM ko zikSaNa denA prArambha kiyaa| svalpa kAla meM hI caityavAsiyoM, digambara bhaTTArakoM aura zvetAmbara bhaTTArakoM ke ye zikSaNa saMsthAna bar3e lokapriya ho gye| isa prakAra ke zikSaNa saMsthAnoM meM uccakoTi ke zikSaNa hetu, ina zikSaNa saMsthAnoM ke samyaka rUpeNa saMcAlana hetu evaM chAtroM ke samucita zikSaNa bharaNa-poSaNa Adi kI samasyA ke sthAyI samAdhAna hetu zreSThiyoM, sAmantoM evaM rAjAoM ne una saMsthAnoM ke saMsthApaka bhaTTArakoM ko maThoM, mandiroM, caityoM, siMhA. sana pIThoM Adi ke nAma para bar3I-bar3I dhana rAziyoM, AvAsa bhUmiyoM, kRSi bhUmiyoM, grAmoM aura caukI-caMgI se hone vAlI rAjakIya prAya ke nizcita aMzoM ke dAna prArambha kiye / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki ina zikSaNa saMsthAnoM meM se aneka zikSaNa saMsthAna vartamAna kAla ke vizvavidyAlayoM ke stara ke jaina saMskRti ke uccakoTi ke zikSA kendra bana gye| ina zikSaNa saMsthAnoM ke sarvazreSTha snAtakoM ko bhaTTArakoM ke siMhAsana pIThoM para maNDalAcAryoM, bhaTTArakoM Adi ke sarvocca pada para AsIna kiyA jAne lagA aura viziSTa pratibhA sampanna snAtakoM ko deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie pracAraka banAkara bhejA jAne lgaa| yApanIya paramparA kA vizvavidyAlaya ke stara kA zikSaNa saMsthAna vartamAna, maisUra nagara ke Asa-pAsa thaa| 1 kharatara gaccha vRhadgurvAvalI meM zvetAmbara bhaTTArakoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / 2 isI prakaraNa meM prAge pramAgA prastuta kiye gaye haiN| 3 (a) There is epigraphic evidence to show that there was a reputed Jain University at Teru Cheharanathumalai. From the inscriptions found (zeSa pRSTha 116 para) Page #177 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 116 isa prakAra ke zikSaNa saMsthAna caityavAsI paramparA, zvetAmbara bhaTTAraka paramparA, digambara bhaTTAraka paramparA aura yApanIya paramparA ke lie varadAna siddha hue| ina zikSaNa saMsthAnoM se nyAya, byAkaraNa, sAhitya, sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM, jaina darzana, saMskRta prAkRta, apabhraMza aura prAntIya bhASAoM kA uccakoTi kA prazikSaNa prApta kiye hue vidvAn snAtaka deza ke kone-kone meM phaila gaye aura apanI apanI paramparA kA pracAra karane lge| yApanIya caityavAsI aura zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparAoM ke una udbhaTa vidvAnoM ne apanI apanI paramparA ke pracAra ke sAtha-sAtha apanI-apanI paramparA ke nava-nirmita siddhAntoM, pUjAdi vidhAnoM, aneka karma-kANDoM, anuSThAnoM, kalpoM, mantra-tantroM Adi ke bar3e-bar3e granthoM kA nirmANa bhI kiyaa| ___kAlAntara meM jisa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA ke vilupta hone ke sAtha hI usa paramparA ke poSaka grantha bhI vilupta ho gaye, usI prakAra yApanIya paramparA kA adhikAMza sAhitya bhI usa paramparA ke lupta hone para vilupta ho gayA / Aja caityavAsI paramparA ke siddhAntoM para prakAza DAlane vAlA yadyapi eka bhI grantha kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA phira bhI caityavAsI paramparA ke astitva ke aneka pramANa jaina vADmaya meM upalabdha haiN| jaise ki durlabharAja kI sabhA meM araNyacArI gaccha nAyaka' udyotanasUri ke ziSya zrI varddhamAnasUri evaM unake ziSya jinezvarasUri meM aura caityavAsI paramparA ke mukhya AcArya sUrAcArya meM hue zAstrArtha kA ullekha jisameM caityavAsI paramparA ke isa prakAra ke granthoM kI vidyamAnatA kA spaSTa ullekha nimnalikhita rUpa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai : _ "tato mukhya sUrAcAryeNoktam - "ye vasatI vasanti munayaste SaDdarzana bAhyAH prAyeNa / SaDdarzanAnIha kSapaNakajaTi prabhRtIni ityarthanirNayAya nUtanavAdasthalapustikA vAcanArthaM gRhItA kare / "2 isa uddharaNa bhe spaSTa hI hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke apanI mAnyatAoM ke aneka grantha the / ThIka isI prakAra yApanIya paramparA ke bhI apanI mAnyatA ke aneka grantha the| (pRSTha 118 kA zeSa) at Kalugumalai we find that a number of disciples trained by the priesters of this University went in different directions to preach Jain Dharma. -The Forgotten History of the Land's End by S. Padmanabhan (b) South Indian Inscriptions Volume V Nos. 321, 324, 326. A. R. No. 32 35 and 37 of 1894. 1. kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvalI, pRSTha 86 2. vahI--pRSTha 3 Page #178 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 vastutaH to yApanIya paramparA ke granthoM kI saMkhyA garaNanAtIta thI / mUlArAdhanA, strI mukti, kevalibhukti Adi grantha tathA vijayodayA TIkA ke uddharaNa grAja bhI jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha hote haiM / ThIka isI prakAra bhaTTAraka paramparAM ke vidvAnoM ne bhI apanI paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa sAhitya kA nirmANa karanA prArambha kiyA / 12. ] bhaTTAraka paramparA ke tatvAvadhAna meM vizAla paimAne para suvyavasthita evaM sugaThita rUpa se saMcAlita zikSaNa saMsthAnoM meM uccakoTi kA zikSaNa prApta karane vAle snAtakoM meM se jo bhaTTAraka pada para AsIna hue unhoMne aura anya vidvAnoM ne nyAya, vyAkaraNa darzana mahAkAvya Adi sabhI viSayoM para uccakoTi ke granthoM kI racanA kI / ina paramparAtroM ke una diggaja vidvAnoM dvArA nirmita sAhitya kA aura unake dvArA kiye gaye dharma pracAra kA janamAnasa para bar3A vyApaka prabhAva par3A / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki zvetAmbara tathA digambara bhaTTAraka paramparAeM bhI caityavAsI paramparA ke samAna sudRr3ha, zaktizAlI aura loka priya bana giiN| deza ke vistIrNa bhAgoM meM inakA varcasva sthApita ho gayA / isa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA, zvetAmbara bhaTTAraka paramparA, digambara bhaTTAraka paramparA aura yApanIya saMgha - ina cAroM paramparAoM ke bar3hate hue prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharma kA vizuddha mUla prAdhyAtmika svarUpa evaM tadnurUpa vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI mUla paramparA kA pravAha aura prabhAva anukramaza: kSINa hotA gayA / devaddhi kSamA zramaNa ke svargastha hone ke kucha varSoM pazcAt to kSINatara hote-hote supta prAyaH gupta - prAyaH ho gayA aisA bhI kaha deM to atizayokti nahIM hogI / usa ghora saMkrAnti kAla meM bhI mUla paramparA pUrNataH lupta nahIM huI / isa tathya kI sAkSI detI hai - " gaDDari pavAho jo ", devaDDhi khamAsamaraNa jA paraM paraM...", " sAsaraNamiraNaM suttarahiyaM ca " Adi gAthAeM, jinakA ullekha Upara yathA sthAna kiyA jA cukA hai / liMga pAhur3a meM sambhavataH Upara carcita cAroM paramparAoM ke zramaNoM, bhaTTArakoM evaM AcAryoM Adi ke zrAgama viruddha zramaraNAcAra tathA dainandina kAryakalApoM kI samuccaya rUpa se AlocanA karate hue hI likhA gayA hai| ---- "jo joDejja vivAhaM, kisikamma vANijja jovaghAdaM ca / " arthAt - ina sAdhu nAmadhAriyoM (bhaTTArakoM, caityavAsiyoM yApanIyoM Adi ) dvArA vaivAhika gaThabandhana, bhUmi kI jutAI, buvAI, siMcAI, gur3AI, lugAI, dAMva, khetI ke kAma kI vastuoM kA kraya, kRSi upaja kA vikraya, ina kAryoM meM pRthvI, apa tejas, vAyu, vanaspati tathA trasa - ina SaDjIva nikAyoM ke asaMkhya asaMkhya athavA Page #179 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 121 ananta jIva samUhoM kA ghAta kiyA jAtA hai, kizora-kizoriyoM, taruNa-taruNiyoM ko vivAha ke gaThabandhana meM jor3A jAtA hai| bhaTrAraka paramparA kA janma kisa samaya hamA--isa sambandha meM itihAsa ke vidvAn adyAvadhi kisI nirNaya para nahIM pahuMca pAye haiN| prAyaH sabhI vidvAn isa prazna ke sambandha meM eka svara se yahI kahate Aye haiM ki bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva kAla ke sambandha meM abhI taka koI Thosa pramANa upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa sAdhikArika rUpa meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu jaina vAGamaya kA sUkSma dRSTi se adhyayana karane para katipaya aise tathya upalabdha hote haiM, jinase bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva kAla kA nirNaya karane meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| una tathyoM meM se pahalA tathya hai liMga-pAhar3a kI upayullikhita gAthA kA aMza / liMga-pAhur3a ke sambandha meM mAnyatA hai ki yaha AcArya kunda-kunda kI racanA hai aura liMga-pAhur3a kI isa gAthA meM ullikhita vivaraNa se yaha bhI nirvivAda rUpeNa phalita ho jAtA hai ki AcArya kundakunda ke samaya AgamAnusAra vizuddha mUla zramaraNAcAra se pratikUla zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI caityavAsI, bhaTTAraka Adi paramparAe zaktizAlI dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM lokapriya athavA carcA kA viSaya bana cukI thiiN| aisI sthiti meM ina paramparAoM ke prAdurbhAva, kAla ko nirdhArita karane se pahale prAcArya kunda-kunda ke samaya kA nirdhAraNa karanA paramAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke samaya ke sambaMdha meM puSTa pramANoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa vidvAnoM meM abhI taka mataikya nahIM ho sakA hai| nyAyazAstrI paM. gajAdhara lAla jI jaina' aura DA. ke. bI. pAThaka ne kundakundAcArya kA samaya zaka saMvata 450 arthAta vIra ni0 saM. 1055 mAnA hai| paM. nAthUrAma premI inheM IsA kI dUsarI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrva kA prAcArya anumAnita nahIM krte| DA. e. ena. upAdhye ne prAcArya kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM UhApoha purassara eka to IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha ke bIca kA, dUsare-dUsarI zatAbdI ke madhya ke pazcAt kA, tIsare - IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke madhya kA aura cauthe / IsA kI prathama do zatAbdiyoM kA -- isa taraha bhinna-bhinna samaya anumAnita karane ke pazcAt apanA abhimata vyakta karate hue likhA hai--"upalabdha sAmagrI ke isa vistRta paryavekSaNa ke pazcAt maiM vizvAsa karatA hUM ki kundakunda kA samaya I. san kA prArambha hai|"3 1. samaya prAta, prathama saMskaraNa, I. san 1914 kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 8 2. samaya prAbhata aura paTaprAmRta saMgraha-mANikya candra digambara jaina grantha mAlA bambaI, puSpa 17 kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 15 3. kundakunda prAmRta saMgraha kI prAgla bhASA meM prastAvanA, pRSTha 36. Page #180 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 122 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- bhAga 3 _isa graMthamAlA ke sUtradhAra (jainAcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.) ne etadviSayaka sabhI aitihAsika tathyoM ke avalokana ke pazcAt prAcArya kundakunda kA samaya vIra nirvANa saM. 1000 tadanusAra vi. saMvat 530, I. san 473 aura zaka saM. 365 ke Asa-pAsa kA anumAnita kiyA hai|' AcArya zrI ne aneka aitihAsika puSTa pramANoM se prAcArya kundakunda kA jo samaya anumAnita kiyA hai, usakI puSTi eka aura aitihAsika pramANa se hotI hai| vaha pramANa hai niyamasAra kI gAthA saMkhyA satraha / prAcArya kundakunda ne apane grantha 'niyamasAra' kI gAthA saM. 17 meM likhA hai : caudaha bhedA bhariNadA tericchA, suragaNA caubbhedA / edesi vitthAraM, loyavibhAgesu NAdavvaM // 17 / / isa gAthA meM prAcArya kundakunda ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM ke bheda ke viSaya meM vistRta jAnakArI loka vibhAga se kI jAya / isa gAthA se yaha to nirvivAda rUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki "loka vibhAga" nAmaka grantha kI racanA AcArya kundakunda se pUrva ho cako thii| aba yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki 'loka vibhAga' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kisa samaya kI gaI ? jaina vAGgamaya ke granthoM kI prAcIna evaM prAmANika sUcI meM "loka vibhAga" nAmaka do granthoM kA ullekha hai, eka to prAkRta bhASA meM dabdha 'loka vibhAga' kA aura dUsarA usI ke saMskRta rUpAntara 'loka vibhAga' kA / prAkRta bhASA meM grathita loka vibhAga Aja kahIM upalabdha nahIM hai| kintu siMha sUrarSi ne prAkRta bhASA ke usa 'loka vibhAga' nAmaka grantha kA saMskRta bhASA meM padyAnuvAda kiyA, vaha Aja upalabdha hai / prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha mUla 'loka vibhAga' ke racayitA AcArya sarvanandi kA sunizcita samaya batAte hue siMha sUrapi ne mUla lokavibhAga kA saMskRta meM anuvAda prastuta karate hue apanI isa racanA (saMskRta) 'loka vibhAga' meM likhA hai :--- vizve sthite ravisute vRSabhe ca jIve, rAjottareSu sitapakSamupetya candra / / 1 / / grAme ca pATalikanAmani pANDya rASTra, zAstraM purA likhitavAn muni sarvanandiH / / 2 / / saMvatsare tu dvAviMze kAMcIza siMhavarmaNaH / prazItyagre zakAbdAnAM, siddhametacchatatraye / / 3 / / arthAt-pANDaya rASTra ke pATalika nAmaka grAma meM kAJcIpati siMha varmA ke rAjya ke bIsaveM varSa meM muni sarvanandi ne zaka saM. 380 (vi. maM. 515, I. san 458, vIra ni. saM. 185) meM loka vibhAga kI racanA kii| 1 jaina dharma kA maunika itihAsa, bhAga 2, pRSTa 756-768 Page #181 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA / [ 123 isa loka vibhAga nAmaka grantha meM caturgatika jIvoM ke bheda kA jo varNana kiyA gayA hai, usase vizeSa jAnakArI lokavibhAga se karane kA kundakundAcArya ne apanI kRti niyamasAra meM saMketa kiyA hai| isase prAcArya kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM isa grantha mAlA ke bhAga 2 meM abhivyakta kiye gaye abhimata kI puSTi ke sAtha-sAtha yaha siddha hotA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 685 kI yaha racanA prAcArya kundakunda ke samakSa thI aura ve isase pUrvavartI kAla ke prAcArya nahIM, apitu loka vibhAga ke racanAkAra sarvanandi ke samakAlIna athavA uttaravartI kAla ke arthAt IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke AcArya the / ina aitihAsika tathyoM se yaha phalita hotA hai ki zithilAcAra ko prazraya dene vAlI bhaTTAraka Adi paramparAe vIra nirvANa saM. 985 se pUrva hI apanI jar3eM jamA cukI thIM aura isa prakAra prAcArya kundakunda se pUrva hI eka sudRr3ha dharmasaMgha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara cukI thiiN| caityoM meM nitya nivAsa ko khule rUpa meM aMgIkAra karane vAlI caityavAsI paramparA ke bar3hate hue prabhAva ko dekhakara hI sambhavataH zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI saMghoM ke sAdhunoM kA giriguhAroM, nirjana vanya pradeza athavA ekAnta meM sthita yakSAyatanoM, zUnyagharoM ko tyAga kara grAmoM meM grAmastha caityoM meM rahane kI ora jhakAva hayA aura unhoMne paramparAgata zramaNAcAra meM svayaM dvArA kiye gaye isa parivartana ko sahetuka-sakAraNa evaM samucita siddha karane kA prayAsa karate hue kahA bhI: kalo kAle vane vAso, vaya'te munisattamaH / sthIyate ca jinAgAre, grAmAdiSu vizeSataH / / arthAta-uttama maniyoM ko kalikAla meM vanavAsa nahIM karanA caahiye| vanavAma ko tyAga kara jinamandiroM aura vizepakara grAmAdi meM rahanA hI unake lie ucita hai| yaha caityavAsiyoM dvArA apanI paramparA ke zramaga-zramagigayoM ke liye banAye gaye 10 niyamoM meM se niyama saMkhyA 2 kA hI anusaraNa thA, jisameM ki vanavAsa ke dopoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| 1 prAcArya zivakoTi dvArA racita 'rtnmaalaa'| middhara vamadi ke lekha ma. 105 (zaka maM. 1320) ke anumAra ye prAcArya givakoTi, prAcArya mamantabhadra ke pramukha zipya aura paTTadhara the| ye vikrama / mAtavIM-pAThavIM zatAbdI ke bIca meM hue haiM / kannar3a bhASA meM 'vahArAdhane' nAmaka eka prAcIna racanA muddavidrI maTha ke tAr3a patrIya saMgraha meM grantha ma0:07 para upalabdha hai / yaha racanA dakSiA meM bar3I lokapriya rahI hai| aba yaha prakAzita bhI ho cukI hai| Page #182 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 124 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 yaha thA parISaha bhIru zramaraNoM kA vizuddha zramaNAcAra se skhalanA kA prArambha / jisa bhAMti uccatama UMcAI taka pahuMce hue parvatArohI ko usakI raMcamAtra sI eka kadama kI bhI skhalanA kucha hI kSaNoM meM use parvatarAja ke uccatama zikhara se nIce dharAtala para lA detI hai, kSaraNa bhara kI apanI thor3I sI asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa jaise vaha kuzala parvatArohI apane prati duSkara kaThoratama zrama se zikhara para pahuMca kara bhI dharAtala para A lur3hakatA hai evaM vahAM kI miTTI meM mila jAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra AdhyAtmikatA ke uccatama siMhAsana para prArUr3ha hone kI utkaNThA liye sAdhanA ke saupAna para ArohaNa karane vAle sAdhaka kI kiMcit mAtra skhalanA kA bhI vastuta: yahI pariNAma hotA hai / vIra nirvANa kI chaTI zatAbdI ke anta taka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zramaNa, zramaNI zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpI catuvidha tIrtha una prabhu dvArA prarUpita prAgamika Adarzo para pUrNa niSThA ke sAtha sajaga raha kara apane uccatama prAdhyAtmika lakSya kI ora agrasara hotA rahA / bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita zramaNAcAra evaM saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ke viparIta kisI prakAra kI skhalanA ke liye catuvidha saMgha ne apane andara kisI prakAra kI sambhAvanA nahIM rakhI / yadi kabhI farer zramaNa kA, zramaNI kA, zramaraNavarga kA athavA kisI zramaNI varga kA prabhu dvArA prarUpita siddhAntoM ke prati anAsthAmUlaka skhalanA kA kiMcitmAtra bhI kadama uThA to sadA sajaga rahane vAle catuvidha saMgha ne prathama to use zAnti aura sahRdayatA ke sAtha samajhA bujhA kara skhalanA ke lie prAyazcita karAne evaM satpatha para lAne kA prayAsa kiyA aura yadi samucita prayAsa ke uparAnta bhI apane haThAgraha para hI ar3A rahA to sampUrNa catuvidha saMgha ne usakI skhalanA ke aparAdha ke daNDa-svarUpa saMgha se use nikAla bAhara kiyA / catuvidha saMgha dvArA prabhu mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA ke samaya se lekara vIra nirvANa kI chaTI zatAbdI taka skhalanA kI ora pravRtta hue zramaNa zramaNiyoM ko samajhAye jAne, punaH satpatha para prArUr3ha kiye jAne aura saba bhAMti samajhAne ke uparAnta bhI punaH satpatha para ArUr3ha na hone vAloM ko saMgha dvArA saMgha se bahiSkRta ghoSita kiye jAne ke katipaya udAharaNa upalabdha hote haiM / prabhu ke prathama nihnava jamAli se lekara antima sAtaveM nihnava goSThAmAhila -- ina sAta nihnavoM aura unake anuyAyiyoM ko samajhAne, satpatha para lAne aura samajhAne ke anantara bhI satpatha paraM na zrAne vAloM ko antatogatvA saMgha se bahiSkRta kiye jAne ke ullekha caturvidha saMgha kI aisI satat jAgarUkatA ke jvalanta udAharaNa hameM AgamoM evaM Agametara prAcIna sAhitya meM Aja bhI upalabdha hote haiM / jaina dharma meM saMgha ko sarvopari sthAna diyA jAtA rahA hai| saMgha jaba taka sajaga, sazakta evaM gravibhakta rahA, taba taka usameM kisI prakAra kI skhalanA grathavA zaithilya ko panapane dene kA kisI bhI prakAra kA avakAza nahIM rahA / kintu vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka meM aura tadanantara usake Asa-pAsa Page #183 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 125 hI ke kisI samaya meM caturvidha jaina mahAsaMgha do hI nahIM apitu zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya- ina tIna Tukar3oM meM vibhakta hone lgaa|' zramaNa-zramaNI saMgha ke uparyukta tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI yadi zrAvaka-zrAvikA saMgha tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta na hokara pahale kI hI taraha ekatA ke sUtra meM sudRr3ha rUpeNa Abaddha rahatA to antatogatvA eka na eka dina, tIna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta zramaraNa-zramaNI saMgha ko bhI sunizcita rUpeNa punaH ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha honA par3atA aura vibheda ke rUpa meM saMgha ke vighaTana kI prakriyA sadAsadA ke lie samApta ho jaatii| vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM aMkurita hue vibheda ke pariNAmasvarUpa azaktatA evaM kSINatA kI ora pravRtta hue jaina saMgha kI navodita vibhinna ikAiyoM meM prArambha meM pracchannarUpeNa zanaiH zanaiH skhalanAoM kA sUtrapAta hone lagA / skhalanAmoM kI ora pravRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa 'gatAnugatiko lokaH' isa lokokti ke anusAra sAdhu-sAdhvI varga meM zithilAcAra drata gati se vyApaka rUpa grahaNa karane lgaa| isa prakAra vizuddha zramaNAcAra se skhalanA kI ora pravRtta hue zramaNa-zramaNI vargoM ne paraspara gaThabandhana kara apane-apane pRthak-pRthak saMgaThana banAne prArambha kiye| __ zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ko adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM apanI-apanI ora AkarSita kara apane-apane pakSa ko prabala banAne ke prayAsa hone lge| apane-apane abhinava rUpeNa AviSkRta AcAra-vicAra aura kArya-kalApoM tathA vidhi-vidhAnoM Adi ko aucitya kA paridhAna pahanAne ke lie kalikAla ke badale hue samaya kA sahArA liyA jAne lagA aura logoM ko samajhAyA jAne lagA :--"aba aisA samaya nahIM rahA ki pratidina apratihatarUpeNa Aja yahAM to kala vahAM -- isa prakAra vihAra kiyA jAya, nIrasa, rUkSa bhikSAnna se-dharmArAdhana ke ekamAtra anivArya sAdhana zarIra ko asamaya meM hI azakta, kRSa aura jarjarita kara diyA jaay| idhara-udhara nirantara bhaTakate rahane kI apekSA eka sthAna para niyata nivAsa kara bar3e-bar3e lokakalyANakArI 1 (ka) chavvAsasayAI, tajhyA siddhi gayassa vIrassa / to boDiyAgA diTTI, rahavIrapure samuppaNNA / / 2550 / / vizeSAvazyaka bhApya / / (kha) chattIse varisamae, vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / soraThe upparago, sevaDo saMgho hu valahIe / / 52 // bhAvasaMgraha / / (ga) kallANe vara gayare, duNisae paMca uttare jAde // (vi0 saM0 205) jAvariNajja saMgha bhAvo siri kalasAdo hu sevaDado ||26 / / darzanasAra / / digambara vidvAn sva0 paM0 nAthurAmajI premI ne darzanasAra ke isa abhimata ko prAmAgika na mAnate hue ina tInoM saMgho kI utpatti sAtha-sAtha hI mAnI hai| Page #184 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 126 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kArya kiye jA sakate haiN.| anyatra niyata nivAsa karane kI apekSA caitya banavA kara unameM rahanA dharma-sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha dharma ke pracAra-prasAra kI dRSTi se tathA dharma kI vyUcchitti ko rokane ke dRSTikoNa se bhI sarvathA upayukta hI hogaa.| nitya niyamita prabhupUjA, saMkIrtana, saiddhAntika zikSaNa, upadeza Adi ke kAraNa ve caitya Age cala kara dharma ke sudRr3ha-sthAyI gar3ha aura zikSA ke kendra bana jaayeNge| jinendra 'prabhu ko prAtaH sAyaM bhoga lagAne ke nimitta jo bhojya sAmagrI taiyAra kI jAyagI usase caitya meM niyata nivAsa karane vAle sAdhuoM kA sucAru rUpeNa bharaNa-poSaNa bhI ho jAyagA aura ve AdhAkarmI pAhAra ke doSa se bhI sadA bace rheNge| isa prakAra caityoM ke nirmANa aura unameM bhojana Adi kA samucita prabandha karane ke liye jo zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA varga dhanarAzi kA dAna kareMge, ve mahAn puNya ke bhAgI ho sahaja hI svarga-apavarga ke adhikArI bana skeNge|' logoM ne pahalI bAra sunA ki binA kisI prakAra kI tapazcaryA, parISahasahana, vrata, niyama, pratyAkhyAna prathavA saMyama-sAdhanA ke, binA kisI prakAra ke kAyakleza ke, kevala paise kharca karake bhI svarga prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, zanaiH zanaiH zAzvata sukhadhAma mokSa bhI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, to unake roma-roma meM utsAha kI umaMga taraMgita ho utthii| svarga kA sukha kauna nahIM cAhatA, mukti kise priya nahIM ? una navodita paramparAoM ke dharmagurutroM ke mukha se isa prakAra kA AzvAsana milate hI zrImanta bhaktajanoM meM svargApavarga prApti kI eka prakAra se hor3a sI laga gii| una sAdhunoM ke AvAsa-sthaloM para cAroM ora se zraddhAlu zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga vasudhArA kI vRSTisI karane lge| bhaTTAraka paramparA ke tIna rUpa evaM unakA kAla-nirNaya apane prAdurbhAva kAla se lekara Aja taka bhaTTAraka paramparA ne samaya-samaya para mukhya rUpa se tIna bAra apane rUpa badale haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki isake udbhava kAla ke sambandha meM aAja taka sabhI vidvAnoM ne yahI kahA hai ki-bhaTTAraka paramparA kaba se prArambha huI isa sambandha meM Thosa pramANa upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya saMghoM ke rUpa meM vibheda utpanna hone se pazcAdvartI jaina vAGmaya ke adhyayana se caityavAsI paramparA ke janmakAla ke sAtha-sAtha bhaTTAraka paramparA ke udbhava kAla ke bhI spaSTa rUpa se saMketa milate haiN| vastutaH vIra nirvANa saM. 606 ke lagabhaga hue saMgha bheda 1 dekhie 'saMgha paTTaka' mUla aura usakI vRtti / Page #185 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 127 ke thor3e samaya pazcAt hI caityavAsI paramparA ke bIja aMkurita ho gaye the aura aisA pratIta hotA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke prArambhika prAdurbhAva kAla meM hI zvetAmbara digambara evaM yApanIya-ina tInoM saghoM ke ikke-dukke zramaNoM ne apanI-apanI paramparA ke nyUnAdhika anurUpa hI zramaNadharma kA paripAlana karate hue caityoM meM nivAsa karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prathama svarUpa isa prakAra kI paripATI ko apanAne vAle ina tInoM saMghoM ke atyalpa saMkhyaka zramaNoM ne prArambha meM caityoM meM nivAsa karanA to prArambha kara diyA kintu unhoMne caityavAsiyoM ke samAna niyata-nivAsa ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA thaa| varSAvAsAvadhi ko chor3a zeSa ATha mAsa ke kAla meM ve eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para vicaraNa karate rahate the| isa prakAra mukta athavA divaMgata mahApuruSoM ke pArthiva zarIra ke dAha-sthaloM para purAtana kAla meM bane stUpoM-caityoM meM athavA devAyatanoM meM nivAsa karate hue vicaraNa karane vAle ina tInoM hI saMghoM se pRthaka hue zramaraNoM kI--ina tInoM sugaThita saMghoM ke anuzAsana meM rahane vAle zramaNoM se bhinna pahicAna ke liye unheM samuccaya rUpeNa 'bhaTTAraka' nAma se abhihita kiyA jAne lgaa| inakI saMkhyA ati svalpa hone, inake saMgha ke na hone tathA sugaThita saMghoM ke prati janasAdhAraNa kI zraddhA-bhakti-niSThA hone ke kAraNa prArambhika kAla meM una bhaTTArakoM ko jana-samparka sAdhanA Avazyaka ho gyaa| isa prakAra unakA janasamparka kI ora jhukAva uttarottara bar3hatA hI gyaa| yaha thA bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prArambhika aura pahalA svarUpa / aba mukhya prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki isa prakAra kI bhadrAraka paramparA prArambha kisa samaya haI / bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva kAla ke sambandha meM vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka hai kyoMki bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva kA pramukha kAraNa caityavAsI paramparA hI rahI hai aura bhaTTAraka paramparA ke janmadAtA uparyukta tInoM saMghoM ke zramaNa prArambha meM caityavAso paramparA ke padacihnoM para hI cale haiN| 'saMghapaTTaka-savRtti' ke ullekhAnusAra caityavAsI paramparA kA prAdurbhAva vIra ni. saM. 850 meM huA / saMghapaTTaka kI bhUmikA meM jinavallabha ne caityavAsI paramparA kI utpatti kA itihAsa prastuta karate hue likhA hai--"vIra ni. 850 ke Asa pAsa kucha muniyoM ne ugravihAra chor3akara caityoM meM, mandiroM meM rahanA prArambha kara diyaa|" paTTAvalI samuccayakAra ne-"yazItyadhikASTazata (882) varSAtikrame caityasthiti:"--- isa vAkya ke dvArA caityavAsa ke utpanna hone kA samaya vIra ni. saM. 882 mAnA hai| kintu jaina vAGamaya meM etadviSayaka itastataH ullikhita ghaTanAkrama ke adhyayana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isase paryApta samaya pUrva aura eka sUtra meM prAbaddha evaM susaMgaThita jaina saMgha meM vibheda kI utpatti ke sAtha hI athavA kucha hI Page #186 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 128 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 varSoM pazcAta caityavAsI paramparA ke aMkura prakaTa ho gye| caityavAsI paramparA ke udayakAla meM hI athavA tatkAla pazcAt hI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya ina tInoM hI saMghoM ke ine-gine mahatvAkAMkSI athavA kAraNa vazAt apane saMgha se asaMtuSTa zramaNoM ne caityavAsI zramaNoM ke padacinhoM kA anusaraNa karate hue ina tInoM hI saMghoM meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke bIja kA vapana kara diyaa| isa sambandha meM nimnalikhita tathya vicAraNIya haiM : vIra ni. saM. 606 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharma saMgha zvetAmbara digambara aura yApanIya- ina tIna bhinna-bhinna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA yaha eka vidvajjana sammata abhimata hai "chidreSvanAH bahulI bhavanti"-isa ukti ke anusAra usa vibheda ke pazcAt dharma saMgha ke vighaTana kI prakriyA prArambha ho gaI aura do tIna dazakoM ke andara hI andara eka naI paramparA-caityavAsI paramparA dharma saMgha meM prakaTa huii| isakA pramANa hai upAdhyAya devacandra kA jIvana vRtta / vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya prabhAcandra ne aitihAsika mahatva ke apane grantha 'prabhAvaka caritra' (vi.saM.1334) ke 'sarva devasari caritam' meM vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM caityavAsI paramparA ke astitva kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai.--"vanavAsI AcArya sarvadevasUri vArANasI se siddha kSetra zatraM jaya kI ora vihAra karate hue saptazatI pradeza (koraNTaka 700 rAjya) kI rAjadhAnI koraNTaka nagara meM.Aye / vahAM zrI mahAvIra caitya meM niyata nivAsa karane vAle caityavAsI upAdhyAya deva candra rahate the| prAcArya sarva devasUri ne katipaya dinoM taka koraNTaka nagara meM rahakara upAdhyAya devacandra aura usake prAjJAnuvartI caityavAso zramaNoM ko dharmopadeza dvArA samajhA bujhA kara banavAsI paramparA kA zramaNa bnaayaa| caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara vanavAsa svIkAra karane ke pazcAt upAdhyAya deva candra ne kaThora tapazcaraNa kiyaa| upAdhyAya devacandra kI taponiSThA evaM vidvattA kI khyAti digdiganta meM vyApta ho gii| isake pariNAmasvarUpa upAdhyAya devacandra ko, solahaveM gaNAcArya sAmantabhadra ke svargastha ho jAne para vIra ni. saM. 670 ke Asa pAsa gaNAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA aura ve vRddha deva sUri ke nAma se eka mahAna prabhAvaka prAcArya ke rUpa meM loka prasiddha 17veM gaNAcArya hue|' kAMcitprabodhya taM caityavyavahAramamocayat / / 10 / / ma pAramArthika tIvra, dhattaM dvAdazadhA tapaH / upAdhyAyastataH sUri-pade pUjyaH pratiSThinaH / / 11 / / zrI devasUrirityAkhyA, tamya myAti yayau kinna / zrU yante'dyApi vRddha bhyo, vRddhAmne devamUgyaH / / 1 / / - prabhAvaka caritra, 13 thI mAnadeva mUri cari 11 - Page #187 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 126 AcArya prabhAcandra ne vi. saM. 1334 tadanusAra vIra ni.saM. 1804 meM prabhAvaka caritra kI racanA kii| prAcArya prabhAcandra ne isa grantha kI prazasti meM spaSTataH likhA hai ki ina prabhAvaka prAcAryoM meM se katipaya prAcAryoM kA caritra prAcIna granthoM se aura katipaya kA zru taghara (vayovRddha-jJAnavRddha). muniyoM ke mukha se suna-suna kara unhoMne saMkalita kiyA hai| 'zrI mAna devasUri caritam' meM vRddha deva sUri ke sambandha meM prAcArya prabhAcandra dvArA prayukta-... "zra yante'dyApi vRddha bhyo, vRddhAste deva sUrayaH / " isa pada se spaSTa rUpeNa prakaTa hotA hai ki vRddha deva sUri ke viSaya meM unhoMne jo yaha likhA hai---"ve pUrva meM caityavAsI paramparA ke upAdhyAya the, kAlAntara meM sarva devasUri se pratibodha pAkara unhoMne vanavAsa svIkAra kiyA".-- yaha saba kucha vivaraNa unheM kahIM likhita meM nahIM apitu jJAnavRddha muniyoM se-janatha ti-athavA anutha ti ke rUpa meM hI prApta huA ho / kisI anya Thosa pramANa ke abhAva meM, jahA~ taka itihAsa kA prazna hai, janazrutiyA~ to pUrNataH prAmANika nahIM mAnI jAtI kintu muni maNDala meM karNa-paramparA se calI A rahI anuzra tiyoM kI to loka meM prAmANika koTi meM hI gaNanA kI jAtI rahI hai| prAcArya prabhAcandra ne vRddha deva sUri ke sambandha meM kiMvadantI arthAt janatha ti ke AdhAra para nahIM apitu jJAnavRddha zramaNoM meM karNa paramparAgata anutha ti ke AdhAra para likhA hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM yaha mAnanA hogA ki vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha meM hI vIra ni. saM.. 640-650 ke Asa-pAsa caityavAsI paramparA kA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thA, tabhI isa paramparA meM aneka varSoM taka niyata-nivAsI raha cukane ke pazcAt upAdhyAya devacandra caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara vanavAsI paramparA ke zramaraNa bane aura ve vIra nirvANa saM. 670 ke pAsa pAsa devacandra se vRddha deva mUri ke nAma se prasiddha ho prAcArya sAmanta bhadra ke uttarAdhikArI 17 ve garaNAcArya bane / isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vIra ni. ma. 640 me 650 kI avadhi ke bIca kisI samaya caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha athavA thor3e me antara me bhadrAraka paramparA bhI pRthaka ikAI ke rUpa meM saMbhavata: tInoM maMghoM meM pracalita ho gaI thii| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA prAcIna kAla meM sammata 72 aAgamA ma me 31 veM chada sUtra mahAnizItha meM jo mAvadyAcArya kA prakaraNa hai, usameM asaMyatI pUjA aura caityavAsiyoM kI prAgama viruddha mAnyatAoM, prarUpaNAoM aura vizuddha zramaraNa paramparA se pUrNataH viparIta unake AcaraNa para vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai| mahAnizItha vetAmbara myAnakavAmI aura negapaMthI paramparA dvArA vartamAna kAla meM 30 prAgama hI mAnya hai| unameM mahAnizItha kI gagAnA to kI gaI hai kintu vartamAna meM upalabdha, prA. haribhadra dAga punaruddhAra kiyA hugrA mahAnizItha mAnya nahIM kiyA gayA hai / Page #188 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 130 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 3 ke caityavAsI paramparA viSayaka ullekhoM se bhI yahI pramANita hotA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM hI bar3I lokapriya bahujana sammata aura sazakta paramparA ke rUpa meM astitva meM A cukI thii| jahAM taka adhikAMzataH luptaprAyaH mUla mahAnizItha ke racanA-kAla kA sambandha hai, isakI tIrthapravartana kAla se hI Agamika sAhitya meM gaNanA kI jAtI rahI hai / nandI sUtra ke ullekhAnusAra vallabhI-vAcanA meM ise bhI pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA thaa| isakI prAcIna pratiyoM meM upalabdha ullekha se aisA prakaTa hotA hai ki mahAnizItha kI eka mAtra mUla prati haribhadra sari nAmaka AcArya ko milii| vaha prati sthAna-sthAna para sar3I-galI, dImakoM dvArA khAI huI evaM nitAnta khaNDitavikhaNDita rUpa meM prAcArya haribhadra ko upalabdha huI thI / prAcArya haribhadra ne usake sthAna-sthAna para khaNDita-vikhaNDita sthaloM ko -aMzoM ko par3hA aura unheM lagA ki jaina dharma kA vaha eka anamola grantharatna hai| unhoMne isa anamola pAgama kA uddhAra karane kA dRr3ha-saMkalpa kiyaa| mahAmedhAvI. Agama niSNAta prAcArya haribhadra ne athaka parizrama kara usa jIrNa-zIrNa prati kI pratilipi karanA prArambha kiyaa| jo bhAga par3hane meM Aye unako yathAvat rUpeNa likha kara aura jo bhAga dImakoM dvArA khA liye gaye the athavA sar3a-gala kara naSTa ho gaye the, una sthaloM para unhoMne saMbhavata: apanI saMvigna-paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue apane prAgama jJAna tathA buddhi bala se AvazyakatAnusAra upayukta evaM viSaya se susambaddha vAkya, vAkyAMza, pRSTha athavA pRSThasamUha jor3akara mahAnizItha kA uddhAra kiyA-abhinava rUpa se pAlekhana sampanna kiyaa| isa prakAra vartamAna meM jo mahAnizItha kA svarUpa hai, vaha AcArya haribhadra dvArA saMskArita svarUpa hai| ataH koI bhI vidvAna yaha kahane kI sthiti meM nahIM hai ki Arya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke tatvAvadhAna meM mahAnizItha kA jo Alekhana kiyA gayA thA, usameM se prA. haribhadra dvArA punarAlikhita, parivartita, parivaddhita, adhikAMzata: vilupta vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha mahAnizItha meM sabhI pUrvavat athavA yathAvat hai / __ itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI yaha to sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki dImakoM dvArA khAI gaI khaNDita-vikhaNDita mahAnizItha kI jo prati prAcArya haribhadra sUri ko milI, usake Adi evaM anta ke aMgoM ke samAna madhya bhAga ke aMza apekSAkRta kama hI kSati-grasta hue hoNge| isa yukti-saMgata anumAna ke AdhAra para yadi yaha kahA jAya to atizayokti nahIM hogI ki mahAnizItha ke madhya bhAga meM ullikhita sAvadhAcArya kA AkhyAna, tIrthayAtrA viSayaka ati purAtana vajrAcArya kA pAkhyAna aura dravyArcanA-bhAvArcanA viSayaka grAkhyAna -ye tIna grAkhyAna jisa rUpa meM mAthurI vAcanA ke AdhAra para devaddhi ke tatvAvadhAna meM huI vallabhI vAcanA (dvitIya) ke samaya likhe gaye the, ve kama kSatigrastAvasthA meM athavA yathAvat rUpa meM hI haribhadra mUri ko mile hoMge aura mahAnizItha kA uddhAra karate samaya unhoMne ina Page #189 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ . bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 131 tInoM pAkhyAnoM ko kevala apanI saMvigna paramparA kI mukhya mAnyatAoM ke puTa ke sAtha yathAvat rUpa meM jisa avasthA meM the, usI mUla avasthA meM likha liye hoMge / yahA~ eka aura ati mahatvapUrNa tathya dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki Arya devaddhi- gaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA vallabhI meM jo pAgamoM kA lekhana vIra nirvANa saM. 180 meM prArambha kiyA jAkara vIra ni.saM. 964 meM sampanna kiyA gayA, vaha vIra ni.saM. 824 ke Asa-pAsa mathurA meM prArya skandila ke tatvAvadhAna meM huI Agama-vAcanA ke prAgamoM ko AdhAra mAna kara tathA prAcArya nAgArjuna ke tatvAvadhAna meM usI samaya vallabhI meM huI vAcanA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue kiyA gayA thaa| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki mahAnizItha kI jIrNa-zIrNa khaNDita-vikhaNDita avasthA meM jo prati AcArya haribhadra ko prApta huI, usameM ullikhita sAvadhAcArya kA prAkhyAna usa prati ke madhya bhAgastha hone ke kAraNa sambhavataH vIra ni. saM. 824 aura usake pazcAt vIra ni. saM. 980 se 664 taka huI pAgama vAcanAoM meM sarvasammati se svIkAra kiyA gayA prAmANika pATha ho / ina saba mahatvapUrNa tathyoM ke saMdarbha meM vicAra karane para yaha siddha hotA hai ki mahAnizItha meM sAvadhAcArya (kamala prabha prAcArya) ke pAkhyAna meM caityavAsI paramparA para jo vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai, vaha na kevala vIra ni.saM. 680 meM devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke tatvAvadhAna meM huI pAgama vAcanA ke samaya kA apitu vIra ni. saM... 824 meM huI Arya skaMdila aura nAgArjana ke tatvAvadhAna meM huI pAgama vAcanAoM se bhI pUrva kA ho sakatA hai| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki skaMdilI vAcanA aura nAgArjunIyA vAcanA se paryApta samaya pUrva, vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika caraNa meM hI caityavAsI paramparA kA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thA aura skaMdilI vAcanA ke samaya to vaha paramparA na kevala jana-jana kI carcA kA viSaya apitu samagra zramaNa saMgha aura mahAna AcAryoM ke liye bhI carcA kA viSaya bana cakI thii| __ mahAnizItha abhI taka jarmanI ke atirikta anyatra prakAzita nahIM hajhA hai| isakI hastalikhita pratiyAM bhI ati svalpa saMkhyA meM haiN| jo pratiyA~ haiM, ve bhI prAcIna lekhana zailI meM ligvita hone ke kAraNa prAkRta bhASA ke vidvAnoM ke liye bhI kaThora zrama ke pazcAt hI bodhagamya haiM / ina kAraNoM se vidvAnoM kA jitanA dhyAna isa mahAnizItha meM gigata viSayoM kI prAra prApita honA cAhiye thA, utanA nahIM ho pAyA hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa isa para apekSita zodha bhI nahIM ho pAI hai| katipaya vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki devaddhigaNi kSamA zramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt vIra ni. ma. 1000 me 1055 taka yuga pradhAnAcArya pada para rahe haribhadra sUri (hArila mari) ne dImakoM dvArA khAI gaI khaNDita prati ma mahAnizItha Page #190 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kA uddhAra kiyaa| isake viparIta katipaya zodharuci vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki vIra ni. saM. 1227 se 1297, tadnusAra vikrama saM. 757 se 827 ke bIca kI avadhi meM prAcArya pada para rahe aneka grAgamoM ke TIkAkAra, samarAicca kahA, lalita vistarA Adi zatAdhika granthoM ke racanAkAra evaM mahAna dArzanika yAkinI mahattarAsUnu bhavaviraha vidyAdhara kula ke AcArya haribhadrasUri ne mahAnizItha kA uddhAra kiyaa| __ mahAnizItha kA zodhapUrNa sUkSma dRSTi se gahana adhyayana na kara pAne ke kAraNa kucha viddhAnoM ne vIra ni. saM. 1055 meM svargastha hue yugapradhAna prAcArya hArilaapara nAma haribhadrasUri ko mahAnizItha kA uddhAraka mAnA hai| yaha bhrAnti nAmasAmya ke kAraNa huI hai| yadi una vidvAnoM kA dhyAna mahAnizItha ke dvitIya adhyayana kI samApti para dI gaI puSpikA kI ora jAtA to ve isa prakAra kA abhimata vyakta nahIM karate / dvitIya adhyayana kI puSpikA meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki bhava-viraha yAkinI mahattarA-sUnu prAcArya haribhadra dvArA khaNDita-vikhaNDita prati ke AdhAra para punaruddharita mahAnizItha kI prati kI prAcArya siddha sena, vaDaDhavAI, hArila gaccha ke prAcArya yakSadatta mahattara-prAcArya yakSasena aura jinadAsa gariNa mahattara Adi ne sarAhanA karate hue use mAnya kiyaa| ye sabhI prAcArya bhavaviraha yAkinI mahattarA sUnu haribhadra sUri ke samakAlIna the|' vidyAdhara kUla ke prAcArya jinadatta ke ziSya yAkinI mahattarAsUnu prAcArya zrI haribhadra sUri ne apanI kuti --- 'saMbodha prakaraNa' meM caityavAsiyoM, bhaTTArakoM maThAdhozoM Adi ke varcasva ke kAraNa jaina saMgha meM utpanna haI vikRtiyoM kA mahAnizItha ke ullekhoM ke anurUpa hI mAmika citraNa karate hue likhA hai : kIvo na kUNai loyaM, lajjai paDimAi jllmuuvgi| sovAhaNo ya hiMDai, bandhai kaDipaTTamakajje / / 14 / / "ye kAyara sAdhu lucana nahIM karate, pratimA vahana karane meM zarmAte, apane aMga-pratyaMga kA maila utArate, pada trANa pahana kara calate, phirate aura binA kisI prayojana ke hI kaTivastra bAMdhate haiM / ye kusAdhu caityoM aura maThoM meM rahate haiM / pUjA ke liye prArambha evaM deva dravya kA upabhoga karate haiN| jinamandira, zAlAe Adi cunavAte raMga-biraMge sugandhita evaM dhUpavAsita sundara vastra pahana kara ghUmate aura striyoM ke samakSa gAte haiN| ye kusAdhu sAdhviyoM dvArA lAye gaye padArtha khAte, jala, phala phUla Adi saMcitta dravyoM kA upabhoga karate aura dina meM do-tIna bAra bhojana karate tathA pAna lavaMgAdi bhI cabAte rahate haiM / ye loga muhUrta nikAlate, nimitta batAte aura ' vistRta jAnakArI ke liye isI grantha meM diyA huaA hArila mUri kA prakaragA vRSTavya hai| .-- sampAdaka Page #191 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 133 bhaktoM ko bhabhUti bhI dete haiM / susvAdu bhojana ke liye ye logoM kI jhUThI prazaMsA-khuzAmada karate aura sAmUhika bhojoM meM miSTAnna susvAdu vyaMjana grahaNa karate haiN| jijJAsuoM ko punaH punaH pUchane para bhI saccA dharma nahIM batAte / ye loga snAna karate haiM, zRMgAra karate haiM, sugandhita tela-itra-phulela kA upayoga karate aura svayaM bhraSTa hote hae . bhI sadA dUsaroM kI AlocanA karate rahate haiM / isa prakAra kI vikRtiyoM se aotaprota sthiti meM bhI -- bAlA vayaMti evaM, veso titthayarANa eso vi / namariNajjo ghiddhi aho, sira sUlaM kassa pukkarimo / / 76 / / arthAta kucha anabhijJa-nAsamajha loga kahate haiM ki yaha bhI tIrthaMkaroM kA veSa hai, ise bhI namaskAra karanA caahiye| aho ! unheM punaH punaH dhikkAra hai| zoka ! maiM apane isa zirazUla kI pukAra kisake Age karU ? isa prakAra 'mahAnizItha' aura 'saMbodha prakaraNa' meM ullikhita jaina dharma saMgha meM utpanna huI vikRtiyoM ke varNana vastutaH samuccaya rUpa se maThAdhIzoM, zrI pUjyoM, bhaTTArakoM aura caityavAsiyoM se hI sambandhita haiM / yAkinI mahattarA manu se lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva hue prAcArya kunda kunda ne (jinake samaya ke sambandha meM digambara vidvAnoM meM bhI matabhinya hai, mataikya nahIM) bhI liga pAhar3a meM -- ___"jo joDejja vivAhaM kisikammavANijja jIvadhAdaM ca / " yaha ullekha kiyA hai| isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki prAcArya kunda kunda ke samaya meM maThavAsI paramparA, caityavAsI paramparA aura bhaTTAraka paramparA , ye tInoM hI prakAra kI paramparAe deza ke prAyaH sabhI bhAgoM meM phaila gaI thIM, lokapriya evaM vahajana sammata ho jAne ke phalasvarUpa mahAn AcAryoM taka ke liye cintA evaM carcA kA viSaya bana cukI thiiN| ye saba, vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke madhya bhAga se lekara vIra nirvANa kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke antima arddha dazaka (vIra nirvANa saM. 1267) taka ke prAcIna ullekha isa aitihAsika tathya ke prabala sAkSI haiM ki vIra ni. saM. 620 se 650 ke bIca kI avadhi meM caityavAmI paramparA ke sAtha sAtha bhaTTAraka paramparA kA bhI janma ho gayA hogaa| zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya ina tInoM saMghoM ke katipaya sAdhuoM ne vanavAsa, ekAntavAsa athavA giriguhAvAsa kA tathA adhyAtma sAdhanA ke patha kA tyAga kara caityavAsa, vastivAsa aura janasamparka sAdhanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra bhaTTAraka paramparA kA caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha hI Page #192 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 134 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 prAdurbhAva to devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone se lagabhaga 350 varSa pUrva hI ho gayA thaa| kintu mahAn prabhAvaka pUrvadhara AcAryoM kI vidyamAnatA aura adhikA~za zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga meM adhyAtma paraka AgamAnurUpI vizuddha dharma aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA ke kAraNa caityavAsI evaM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke zramaNa jaina samAja meM koI vizeSa sammAna ke bhAjana nahIM bana sake / isI kAraNa unameM se adhikAMza sAdhu kisI eka sthAna para sadA ke liye niyata nivAsa na kara prAyaH viharUka hI rahe / . ina bhaTTArakoM ne bhUmidAna, dravyadAna lenA aura rupayA paisA Adi parigraha rakhanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| __ zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya ina tInoM saMghoM ke zramaraNoM meM se jo jo zramaNa pRthak ho bhaTTAraka bane, unhoMne prArambha meM apanA veSa usI saMgha ke zramaNoM ke samAna rakhA jisase ki ve pRthak hue the / digambara paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM ne apavAda rUpa meM anagna rahanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| yaha thA bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prArambha kAla kA prathama svarUpa / lagabhaga vIra nirvANa saM. 640 se lekara vIra ni.saM. 88082 taka bhaTTAraka paramparA kA sAmAnyata: yahI svarUpa rahA / I. san 200 se 220 (vIra ni.saM. 727 se 747) ke bIca kI avadhi meM siMhanandi nAmaka prAcArya ne dar3iga aura mAdhava (rAma aura lakSmaNa) nAmaka do ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjakumAroM ko aneka vidyAnoM meM pAraMgata kara unake mAdhyama se dakSiNa meM jaina dharmAvalambI gaMga rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kii| siMha nandi dvArA kiye gaye kArya-kalApoM (jinakA ki savistAra ullekha Age gaMga rAjavaMza ke prakaraNa meM diyA gayA hai) ko dekhate hue anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ve yApanIya paramparA ke bhaTTAraka the| eka paMca mahAvratadhArI zramaNa se to, cAhe vaha zvetAmbara, digambara athavA yApanIya paramparA kA kyoM na ho, kabhI isa prakAra kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki vaha kisI rAjA ko usake sainika abhiyAna meM mAtha de athavA yuddha meM pITha na dikhAne athavA yuddha meM uTe rahane kA upadeza de / para unhoMne aisA hI saba kucha kiyaa| bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA dUsarA svarUpa vIra nirvANa kI nauvIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM bhaTTArakoM ne apane maMghoM ko mugaThita karanA prArambha kiyA / loka samparka bar3hAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa unake saMgaThana sudRr3ha hone lage / mandiroM meM niyata nivAsa kara bhadrArakoM ne kizoroM ko jaina siddhAntoM kA zikSaNa denA prArambha kiyA / auSadhi, mantra-tantra prAdi ke prayoga se jana-mAnasa para apanA prabhAva jamAnA prArambha kiyA / bhautika yAkAMkSAoM kI pUrti hetu jana-mAnasa kA jhakAva bhaTTArakoM kI aora hone lagA / apane pANDitya evaM camatkArapurNa kAryoM ke bala para katipaya bhaTTArakoM ne rAjAoM ko bhI apanI Page #193 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 135 ora AkarSita kiyaa| unhoMne rAjasabhAtroM meM sammAnAspada sthAna prApta kiye| katipaya bhaTTArakoM ko rAjyAzraya prApta huA / rAjAoM dvArA sammAnita hone tathA rAjaguru banane ke pariNAma svarUpa bhaTTArakoM kA sarva-sAdhAraNa para bhI uttarottara prabhAva bar3hane lgaa| jana sahayoga prApta hone para bhaTTArakoM ne bar3e-bar3e jina mandiroM ke nirmANa, ucca saiddhAntika zikSA ke zikSaNa kendroM ke udghATana, saMcAlana Adi aneka ullekhanIya kArya apane hAthoM meM lie / una prazikSaNa kendroM se ucca zikSA prApta vidvAn snAtakoM ne dharma samAja aura sAhitya ke kSetra meM aneka ullekhanIya kArya kiye| anumAnataH vIra nirvANa saM. 1010 ke AsapAsa ikSvAku (sUryavaMzI) kadambavaMza ke rAjA zivamgeza varmA dvArA arhatprokta saddharma ke prAcaraNa meM sadA tatpara zvetAmbara mahA zramaNa saMgha ke upabhoga hetu, nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha ke upabhoga ke lie tathA arhat zAlA parama puSkala sthAna nivAsI bhagavAn arhat mahAjinendra devatA ke lie diye gaye kAbabaMga nAmaka gAMva ke dAna se yaha spaSTa rUpa se prakaTa hotA hai ki jina zvetAmbara, digambara, evaM yApanIya saMghoM ke prAcAryoM zramaNoM ne bhUmi dAna grAma dAna lenA prArambha kara diyA thA, ve vastuta: bhaTTAraka paramparA ke sUtradhAra the|' vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle paMca mahAvratadhArI pUrNarUpeNa aparigrahI zramaNoM ke lie isa prakAra bhUmidAna grahaNa karanA pUrNataH zAstra viruddha hai| aisI sthiti meM zvetAmbara aura digambara mahAzramaNa saMgha ne kadamba nareza ziva mRgeza varmA dvArA zramaNoM athavA zramaNa saMgha ke upabhoga ke lie diye gaye dAna ko svIkAra kiyA-isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki-isa abhilekha meM yadyapi bhadrAraka zabda kA ullekha nahIM hai tathApi bhaTTArakoM ke anurUpa unake grAmadAnAdi grahaNa karane ke AcaraNa se yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve zvetAmbara digambara athavA yApanIya athavA kUrcaka saMgha vastutaH bhaTTAraka saMgha hI the / una saMghoM ne vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka taka apane saMgha ke nAma se pUrva bhaTTAraka vizeSaNa bhale hI nahIM lagAyA ho para unake prAcAra-vicAra aura kAryakalAga bhaTTAraka-prAcAra-vicAra vRtti kI ora unmukha ho cake the| yahAM eka bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa tathya dhyAna meM rakhane yogya yaha hai ki mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se kaniSka saMvata 5 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 610 se I. san 433 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 660 taka ke jo zilA-lekha upalabdha hue haiM, una zilA-lekhoM meM AyAga-paTToM, dIpa-stambhoM ke nirmANa, jinezvaroM kI matiyoM kI sthApanA Adi ke ullekha to haiM kintu na to kisI prAcArya dvArA athavA mani dvArA kisI prakAra ke dAna ke grahaNa kiye jAne kA koI ullekha hai aura na kahIM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA nAmollekha taka hii| 1. iMDiyana TIvITIja vAlyuma 7. peja :-18 naM0 : 5 tathA jana zilA leva maMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha maM. 68, pRSTa 66.12 Page #194 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 isase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki vIra nirvANa kI dazavIM zatAbdI taka uttara bhArata meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke bIja taka kA vapana nahIM huA thA / bhaTTAraka paramparA usa samaya taka dakSiraNa meM aura pazcima-dakSiNa digvibhAga meM hI udita huI thI / 136 ] vIranirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt to prAyaH sabhI saMghoM ke AcAryoM, bhaTTArakoM aura zramaraNoM evaM kurattiyAra ke nAma se prasiddha katipaya zramaNI - mukhyoM dvArA bhUmidAna, bhavana dAna, grAma dAna, karoM ke aMzadAna, cuMgI kI rAjakIya Aya ke aMzadAna, vyApArI saMghoM kI Aya ke aMzadAna, dravya dAna, muniyoM ko asana-pAna-vastra- pAtrAdi cAra prakAra ke dAna diye jAte rahane kI niyamita vyavasthA ke lie kSetra dAna-grAma dAna-bhUmidAna graharaNa kiye jAne ke ullekhoM se itane zilA lekha bhare par3e haiM ki unakI kevala gaNanA karane meM bhI paryApta samaya aura zrama kI zrAvazyakatA hai / isa prakAra ke dAna grahaNa karane vAle AcAryoM evaM bhaTTArakoM kI choTI-choTI paTTAvaliyAM, unake saMkSipta paTTakrama bhI aneka zilA lekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / bhaTTArakoM kI jo paTTAvaliyAM upalabdha huI haiM, unake kAlakrama para zodhapUrNa dRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha vizvAsa karane ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hI bhaTTAraka paramparA usa prathama svarUpa meM udita ho cukI thI, jisa prathama svarUpa para Upara vistAra ke sAtha prakAza DAla diyA gayA hai| adhika gaharAI meM na jAkara kevala iMDiyana eNTIkyUrI ke AdhAra para itihAsa ke vidvAnoM dvArA kAlakramAnusAra taiyAra kI gayI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke pramukha saMghanandi saMgha kI paTTAvali ke AcAryoM kI nAmAvali ke zodhapUrNa sUkSma dRSTi se avalokana paryAlocana para bhI yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki saMgha bheda ( vIra ni. saM. 609 ) ke tIna cAra dazaka pazcAt hI bhaTTAraka paramparA kA eka dharma saMgha ke rUpa meM vIjAropaNa ho cukA thA / bhaTTAraka paramparA ke udbhava, prasAra evaM utkarSa kAla ke viSaya meM yukti maMgata evaM sarvajana samAdhAnakArI nirNaya para pahuMcane ke lie " nandisaMgha- paTTAvali ke prAcAryoM kI nAmAvali" bar3I sahAyaka siddha hogI, isI dRSTi se use Adi meM granta taka yathAvat rUpeNa yahAM uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : 1 nandi saMgha kI paTTAvala ke prAcAryoM kI nAmAvali (iNDiyana enTIkyUrI ke grAdhAra para ) 1. bhadrabAhu dvitIya 1 (4) 3. mAghanandi ( 36 ) 2. gupti gupta ( 26 ) 4. jinacandra ( 40 ) zravaNa vella kI pArzvanAtha vasti ke zilAlekha meM vati dvitIya bhadravAhu Page #195 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ]. [ 137 : 5. kundakundAcArya (46) 6. umAsvAmi (101) 7. lohAcArya (142) 8. yaza:kIrti (153) 6. yazonandi (211) 10. devanandi (258) 11. jayanandi (308) 12. guNanandi (358) 13. vajranandi (364) 14. kumAranandi (386) 15. lokacandra (427) 16. prabhAcandra (453) 17. nemacandra (478) 18. bhAnunandi (487) 16. siMhanandi (508) 20. zrI vasunandi (525) 21. vIranandi (531) 22. ratnanandi (561) 23. mANikyanandi (585) 24. meghacandra (601) 25. zAnti kIrti (627) 26. merukIrti (642) . ye 26 upayukta AcArya dakSiNa dezastha bhaddilapura ke paTTAdhIza hue / 27. mahAkIrti (686) 28. viSNunandi (704) 26. zrI bhUSaNa (726) 30. zIlacandra (735) 31. zrI nandI (746) 32. dezabhUSaNa (765) 33. anantakIrti (765) 34. dharmanandi (785) 35. vidyAnandi (808) 36. rAmacandra (840) 37. rAma kIrti (857) 38. abhayacandra (878) 36. naracandra (897) 40. nAgacandra (616) 41. nayanandi (636) 42. harinandi (948) 43. mahicandra (674) 44. mAghacandra (660) uparyullikhita mahAkIti se mAghacandra taka 18 prAcArya ujjayinI ke paTTAdhIza hue| 45. lakSmIcandra (1023) 46. gugganandi (1037) 47. guNacandra (1048) 48. lokacandra (1066) ye cAra prAcArya canderI (bundela khaNDa) ke paTTAdhIza hue / 46. zrutakIrti (1076) 50. bhAvacandra (1064) 51. mahAcandra (1115) ye 3 prAcArya bhelasA (bhapAla) sI. pI. ke paTTAdhIza hae / 52. mAghacandra (1140) yaha AcArya kuNDalapura (damoha) ke paTTAdhIza hue| 53. brahmanandi (1144) 54. zivanandi (1148) 55. vizvacandra (1155) 56. hRdinandi (1156) 57. bhAvanandi (1160) 58. sUrakIti (1167) Page #196 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 138 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 56. vidyAcandra (1170) / 60. sUracandra (1176) 61. mAghanandi (1184) 62. jJAnanandi (1188) 63. gaMgakIrti (1166) 64. siMhakIrti (1206) ye 12 AcArya bArAM ke paTTAdhIza hue / 65. hemakIrti (1209) 66. cArunandi (1216) 67. neminandi (1223) 68. nAbhikIrti (1230) 66. narendrakIrti (1232) 70. zrI candra (1241) 71. padma (1248) 72. varddhamAnakIrti (1253) 73. akalaMkacandra (1256) 74. lalitakIti (1257) 75. kezavacandra (1261) 76. cArukIti (1262) 77. abhayakIrti (1264) 78. vasantakIrti (1264)' iNDiyana eNTIkverI kI jo paTTAvalI milI hai, usameM uparyukta 14 AcAryoM kA paTTa gvAliyara meM honA likhA hai kintu vasunandI zrAvakAcAra meM inakA cittaur3a meM honA likhA hai| parantu cittaur3a ke bhaTTArakoM kI alaga kI paTrAvalI hai, usameM ye nAma nahIM pAye jAte / sambhava hai ki ye prAcArya gvAliyara meM hI hue haiM / unako gvAliyara kI paTTAvalI se milAne para nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / 76. prakhyAtakIrti (1266) 80. zubhakIrti. (1268) 81. dharmacandra (1271) 82. ratnakIrti (1266) 83. prabhAcandra (1310) ye 5 prAcArya ajamera meM hue / 84. padmanandi (1385) 85. zubhacandra (1450) 86. jinacandra (1507) ye 3 AcArya dillI meM paTTAdhIza hue / . inake pazcAt paTTa 2 bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| eka gaddI nAgaura meM sthApita huI aura dUsarI cittaur3a meM / . cittaur3a paTTa ke AcAryoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM :87. prabhAcandra (1571) 88. dharmacandra (1581) 86. lalitakIrti (1603) 10. candrakIrti (1622) 61. devendrakIrti (1662) 12. narendrakIrti (1661) 63. surendrakIrti (1722) 64. jagatkIti (1733) 1. kalau kila mlecchAdayo nagnaM dRSTvopadravaM yatonAM kurvanti tena maNDapadurga (mANDalagar3ha-mevADa gajasthAna) zrI vamanta kItinA svAminA caryAdi velAyAM taTTI mAdarAdikena zarIramAnchA caryAdikaM kRtvA punastanmuJcatItyupadezaH kRtaH maMyaminAM ityapavAdaveSaH / paTaprAbhRtaTIkA zra ta mAgara sUrIyA, pRSTa 21 Page #197 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA / [ 136 65. devendrakIrti (1770) 16. mahendrakIrti (1792) 17. kSemendrakIrti (1815) 68. surendrakIrti (1822) 66. sukhendrakIti (1856) 100. nayanakIti (1876) 101. devendrakIrti (1883) 102. mahendrakIrti (1938) nAgaura bhaTTArakoM kI nAmAvalI :1. ratlakIti (1581) 2. bhUvanakIrti (1586) 3. dharmakIti (1560) 4. vizAlakIti (1601) 5. lakSmIcandra [........] 6. sahasrakIrti 7. nemIcandra 8. yazakIrti 9. bhuvanakIrti 10. zrI bhUSaNa 11. dharmacandra 12. devendrakIrti 13. amarendrakIti 14. ratnakIrti 15. jJAna bhUSaNa 16. candrakIti 17. padmanandi 18. sakala bhUSaNa 61. sahasrakIrti 20. ananta kIti 21. harSakIrti 22. vidyA bhUSaNa 23. hemakIrti ---yaha prAcArya 1610 mAgha zuklA dvitIyA somavAra ko paTTa para baiThe / inake pazcAt 24. kSemendrakIrti 25. munIndrakIti 26. kanakakIrti nandi saMgha kI yaha paTTAvali vastutaH bhaTTAraka paramparA kI mUla paTTAvalI hai / isa paTTAvalI ke krama saMkhyA 3 para ullikhita AcArya mAghanandI nandi saMgha ke mUla puruSa athavA prAcArya the / aura unake nandI-anta nAma ke AdhAra para isa saMgha kA nAma nandi saMgha pracalita huA / isa paTTAvalI ke sabhI prAcAryoM ke liye isameM mAta bAra paTTAdhIza vizeSaraNa aura 2 bAra bhaTrAraka vizeSaraNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhaTrAraka paramparA ke balAtkAra garaNa kI paTTAvalI meM bhI isa paramparA ke bhaTArakoM ke pUrNataH ve hI nAma diye haiM jo isameM haiN|' aneka zilAlekhoM se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki isa paTTAvalI meM jina AcAryoM ke nAma diye hue haiM ve bhaTTAraka the| krama saM0 84 para ullikhita padyanandI kA paTTAbhiSeka unake guru prabhAcandra ne kiyA / / inhIM bhaTTAraka padmanandI ke tIna ziSyoM se tIna bhaTTAraka paramparAe aura unase aneka zAkhAe praNAkhAe pracalita huii| 1. bhaTTAraka sampradAya' (jaina maMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, golApura, pRSTha 2) 2 vahI pRSTha 61 Page #198 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 140 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki nandI saMgha kI yaha paTTAvalI vastuta : bhaTTAraka paramparA kI hI paTTA: valI hai aura isa paTTAvalI ke tIsare AcArya mAghanandI hI usa prathama svarUpavAlI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke pravartaka the, jisa para Upara vizada rUpeNa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ___ isa paTTAvalI ke atirikta eka aura bhI bahuta bar3A prabala pramANa isa tathya kI puSTi karane vAlA hai ki upari varNita prathama svarUpa kI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke janaka Adi bhaTTAraka vastuta: bhadrabAhu dvitIya ke ziSya evaM AcArya gupti gupta ke ziSya mAghanandI the| vaha prabala pramAraNa yaha hai ki isa paTTAvalI meM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA pAMcavAM paTTAdhIza AcArya kunda kunda ko batAyA gayA hai, jo nirvivAda rUpeNa digambara paramparA ke punarudvAraka, mahAn krAntikArI punaH saMsthApaka mAne gaye haiN| prAcArya kundakunda ne apane dAdA guru dvArA saMsthApita bhaTrAraka paramparA kI navya nUtana mAnyatAoM ke viruddha vidroha kiyA / ve mAghanandI ke ziSya jinacandra ke pAsa bhaTTAraka paramparA meM hI dIkSita hue| medhAvI muni kunda kunda ne adhyayana pUrNa karane ke pazcAt digambara paramparA dvArA sammata AgamoM ke nididhyAsana-citana-manana se jaba jinendra-prabhU dvArA prarUpita jaina dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa aura tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prAcarita zramaNa dharma ko pahicAnA to unheM apane praguru mAghanandi dvArA saMsthApita dharma aura zramaNAcAra viSayaka mAnyatAeM dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUla svarUpa ke anurUpa pratIta nahIM huI / unhoMne saMbhavataH apane praguru, guru aura bhaTrAraka saMgha dvArA sammata una katipaya abhinava mAnyatAoM ke samalonmalana aura purAtana mAnyatAoM kI punarsaMsthApanA kA saMkalpa kiyaa| isa prakAra kI avasthA meM guru-ziSya ke bIca, bhaTTAraka saMgha aura krAntikArI munipuMgava kUnda kanda ke bIca kramazaH vicAra bheda, manomAlinya, saMgharSa aura alagAva (pRthaktva) kA honA svAbhAvika hI thaa| pramANAbhAva meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ve svayaM hI apane guru se pRthaka hue athavA saMgha dvArA pRthak kiye gye| kucha bhI ho ve pRthak hue aura jaisA ki uttarakAlavartI sabhI kriyoddhArakoM-dharmakrAnti ke sUtradhAroM ne kiyA, ThIka usI prakAra munipuMgava kunda kunda ne bhI apane guru aura saMgha kI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha krAMti kA zaMkhanAda phNkaa| usa dharma krAnti meM, usa kriyoddhAra meM kunda kunda ko paryApta saphalatA milii| bhUlI-bisarI prAcIna mAnyatAoM kI unhoMne apekSAkRta kar3I kaTTaratA ke sAtha punaH saMsthApanA kI / svayaM dvArA kI gaI dharmakrAnti kI paripuSTi ke liye unhoMne aneka saiddhAntika granthoM kI racanAeM kI jo Aja bhI digambara paramparA meM pAgama tulya mAnya haiN| ____ apane guru se, apane praguru dvArA saMsthApita bhaTTAraka saMpradAya se pRthak ho jAne ke kAraNa hI prAcArya kunda kunda ne kahIM apane guru kA nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA hai / vartamAna meM digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra prAcArya kunda kunda kI Page #199 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 141 jitanI kRtiyAM upalabdha haiM, unameM se kisI eka meM bhI prAcArya kunda kunda ne apana guru kA nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA hai| jisa prakAra prAcArya kunda kunda ne apane kisI bhI grantha meM apane guru kA, sAkSAta guru kA athavA vidyA guru kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA, usI prakAra bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAcArya vIra sena (dhavalAkAra vi. saM 816, 830), jinasena (jayadhavalAkAra, vi.saM.837), guraNabhadra, lokasena (uttara purANakAra vi.saM. 655) na, harivaMzapurANakAra prAcArya jinasena (vikrama kI navavIM zatAbdI) ne tathA tiloyapaNNattikAra yativaSabha (vi.saM.535) ne apane granthoM meM prAcArya kRnda kunda kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA hai| isase yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki AcArya kunda kunda bhaTTAraka paramparA se pRthak hue the athavA pRthak kiye gaye the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma maMgha ke mahAna AcArya sthala bhadra ne caturdaza pUrvaghara AcArya bhadrabAhu se 10 pUrvo kA pUrNarUpeNa tathA zepa cAra pUrvo ke sUtra mAtra kA adhya. yana kara thu ta paramparA ko vilupta hone se bacAkara dharma saMgha kI mahatI mevA kii| isI kAraNa jisa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhaktoM dvArA nitya prati nimnalikhita zloka ke mAdhyama se unakA mAdara smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai: --- magala bhagavAn vIro, maMgala gautamaHprabha / magala sthalibhadrAdyA:, jaina dhamA stU mNgle| . usI prakAra digambara paramparA kI prAcIna mAnyatAoM kA punaruddhAra kara puna: sthApanA karane ke kAraNa prAcArya kunda kunda kA, digambara paramparA ke bhaktoM dvArA pratidina bhakti sahita nimnalikhita rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai : maMgalaM bhagavAn vIro, maMgalaM gautama prabhuH / magalaM kunda-kundAdyAH, jaina dharmo'stu maMgalaM / / ina mava lathyoM meM yahI pramAriNata hotA hai ki vIra nirvAgga ko grAThavA zatAbdI ke antima samaya me lekara vIra ni0 ko 10vIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka ke bIca kimI samaya bhaTTAraka paramparA ke dUsare svarUpa kI sthApanA huii| ima paTTAvalI meM 'nandi' aura 'kIti' anta nAma vAle yAtrA yoM kA bAhulya hai / prAya: sabhI vidvAnoM kA, itihAsavidoM kA abhimata hai ki nanyanta aura kIrtyanta nAma pUrva kAla meM prAya: yApanIya prAcAryoM evaM zramaraNoM ke hote the / ataH anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA kI isa paTTAvalI meM usa samaya ke grAcArya mAghanandI grAra prAcArya kunda kunda ke samaya ke liye prAcArya hamnI mala jI mA. hAga racita 'jaina dharma kA mAlika itihAma bhAga 2". pRSTha 8 se 78 draSTavya hai / Page #200 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 142 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 mahAn prabhAvaka yApanIya paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM ke bhI nAma sammilita kara liye gaye hoN| uparilikhita paTTAvalI meM prArambha ke bhaTTArakoM kA jo samaya diyA gayA hai vaha aitihAsika tathyoM kI kasauTI para kharA nahIM utaratA / udAharaNa ke taura para bhadrabAhu dvitIya kA samaya I0 san 4 ullikhita hai kintu prAcIna puSTa pramANoM se inakA samaya digambara paramparA ke prAgama: tulya mAnya dhavalA Adi granthoM se aMgaghara kAla arthAt vIra ni. saM. 683 ke paryApta samaya pazcAt kA siddha hotA hai / prAcArya vimala sena ke ziSya prAcArya deva sena dvArA racita bhAva saMgraha meM ina naimittika bhadrabAha kA samaya vikrama saM. 136 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 606 ullikhita hai|' ina naimittika bhadrabAhu se paryApta samaya pazcAt hue prArya mAghanandi kA samaya vIra nirvANa kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke antima do dazaka aura nauvIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka ke bIca kA siddha hotA hai| ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA kA eka saMgha ke rUpa meM udaya (jise bhaTTAraka paramparA ke dUsare svarUpa kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai) vIra ni.saM. 784 ke pAsa pAsa huaa| bhaTTAraka paramparA ke isa dUsare svarUpa ke prAcAryoM kA krama sena saMgha (paMca stUpAnvayI) prAcArya vIra sena (vikrama saM. 830 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 1300) ke pragurU bhaTTAraka candra sena se isa paramparA ke 52 veM bhaTTAraka vIra sena (vikrama saM. 1636 se 1665 tadanusAra vIra ni.saM. 2406-2465) taka kramabaddha upalabdha hotA hai| isa bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAcArya vIra sena ne SakhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA, kaSAya pAhur3a kI jayadhavalA 20 hajAra zloka pramANa, prAcArya jina sena ne jayadhavalA 40 hajAra zloka pramANa, pArvAbhyudaya Adi purANa, unake ziSya guNa ' chattIse varisa sae, vikkama rAyassa maraNa pattassa / sauraThe uppaNNo, sevar3a saMgho hu vallahIe / / 52 / prAsI ujjeNINayare, pAyariyo bhaddabAhuNAmeNa / / jANiya muriNamittadharo, bhaNiyo maMgho riNayo teNa / / 53 / / 2 jaina dharma kA mAlika itihAsa bhAga 2, pRSTha 764 .. 3 bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pro. vI. pI. joharApurakara, pRSTha 1-38 -bhAvasaMgraha Page #201 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 143 bhadra ne uttara purANa Adi mahAna granthoM kI racanA kara jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA aura ullekhanIya prabhAvanA kI hai / isa paramparA ke pUrvAcArya prArambha meM prAyaH nagna, tadanantara arddhanagna aura ekavastradhArI rahate the vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI se savastra rahane lge| bhaTTAraka paramparA kA tIsarA svarUpa bhaTTAraka paramparA kA tIsarA svarUpa hai mukhya rUpa se savastra hI paJca mahAvratoM kI zramaNa dIkSA aura maThAdhipatya / bhaTTAraka paramparA ke isa tIsare svarUpa kI saMsthApanA I. sana 1110 se 1120 ke bIca kisI samaya zilAhAra vaMzIya kolhApura nareza gaNDarAditya aura unake mahAsAmanta nimbadeva kI sahAyatA se unake guru mahA maNDalezvara prAcArya mAghanandI ne kolhApura meM kii| ___ maTTAraka paramparA kI pRSThabhUmiH - caityavAsI paramparA ke prAdurbhAva, utkarSa ekAdhipatya, apakarSa aura zanaiH zanaiH tirohita hone ke sambandha meM zodha ke mAdhyama se khoja kara prApta kI gaI navIna sAmagrI ke AdhAra para vistRta vivaraNa etadviSayaka pichale adhyAya meM prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai / sampUrNa sAvadha yogoM ke pUrNa tyAgI, niSparigrahI, tapasvI tathA AgamAnusAra kaThora zramaraNAcAra kA. pAlana karane vAle zramaraNoM kI mUla paramparA ke adhikAMza zramaNa bhI caityavAsI paramparA ke prAdurbhAva evaM utkarSa ke sAtha-sAtha uttarottara kisa prakAra zanaiH zana: zithilAcArI aura susamRddha zrImanta gRhasthoM se bhI adhika parigrahI bana gaye, yaha prAdyopAnta pUrA vivaraNa bhI caityavAsI paramparA ke paricaya viSayaka adhyAya meM vistAra ke sAtha batA diyA gayA hai| aba prastuta adhyAya meM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA yathAzakya zodhapUrNa paricaya vistArapUrvaka diyA jA rahA hai, jisakA ki zatAbdiyoM taka bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM varcasva rahA aura vartamAna meM bhI eka dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM sakriya hai|| pichale eka adhyAya meM zodha ke anantara caityavAsI paramparA kI rIti-nItiyoM evaM anyAnya kAryakalApoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| usake sAtha bhaTTAraka paramparA kI rIti-nItiyoM evaM adhikAMza kAryakalApoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se spaSTata: yahI pratIta hotA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke utkarpakAla meM hI sarvaprathama sudUra dakSiNa meM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prAdurbhAva huA aura bhaTTAraka paramparA bhI apane prAdurbhAva kAla se lekara utkarSakAla tathA apakarSakAla taka nyUnAdhika caityavAsI paramparA ke hI padacinhoM para calatI rhii| caityavAsI paramparA to apane caramotkarSa ke pazcAt zanaiH zanaiH kSINa hote hote vikrama saM0 1167 kI kArtika kRSNa 12 kI rAtri meM svargastha hue jinavallabhasUri ke dvArA isake viruddha kiye gaye prabala pracAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa prati kSINa aura vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM hI pUrNataH vilupta ho gaI Page #202 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kintu bhaTTAraka paramparA adyAvadhi paryanta bhI eka sabala dharma saMgha ke rUpa meM dakSiNI pradezoM meM vidyamAna hai| prAja caityavAsI paramparA kA eka bhI grantha upalabdha nahIM hai / jinavallabhasUri dvArA racita saMghapaTTaka nAmaka 40 zlokoM ke mUla grantha paura usakI TIkA ke prAdhAra para caityavAsI paramparA kI katipaya mAnyatAoM ko saMkalita kara una para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| parantu bhaTTAraka paramparA ke to pradyAvadhi pITha taka vidyamAna haiM aura isa paramparA kI mAnyatAmoM para prakAza DAlane vAle aneka grantha bhI upalabdha haiN| isa prakAra ina donoM paramparAoM kI mAnyatApoM para yatkicit prakAza DAlane vAlI sAmagrI ke pariprekSya meM sUkSma iSTi se dekhane para donoM paramparAmoM meM moTe rUpa se kevala nAmabheda kA hI mala antara dRSTigocara hotA hai / chatra, cAmara, siMhAsana, gandikA prAdi prAdi rAjacinhoM ke sAtha sAtha gaja, ratha, zivikAe', vAhana, dAsa, dAsI, sonA, cAMdI prAdi vipula parigraha caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya bhI rakhate the aura bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAcArya bhI / caityavAsiyoM ke svAmitva meM vizAla caitya hote the to bhaTTArakoM ke svAmitva meM sUvizAla maTha aura caitya donoM hii| caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke pAsa acala sampatti meM se grAma evaM kRSibhUmi tathA cala sampatti meM se gAya, bhaMsa, baila mAdi rahate the ki nahIM, isakA koI spaSTa pramANa adyAvadhi upalabdha jaina vAMgmaya meM kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| parantu- bhaTTArakoM ke pAsa, digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAmoM ke bhaTTArakoM ke adhikAra meM grAma, kRSi bhUmi, gAya, bhaiMsa, baila, prAdi rahate the, isa bAta ke aneka puSTa pramANa prAja bhI upalabdha haiN| jaina jagat ke labdhapratiSThita vidvAn dalasukha bhAI mAlavAriNayAM ne bhI isake pramANa svarUpa apane svayaM ke anubhava sunAte hue likhA hai :"maiMne apane adhyayana kAla meM jayapura meM yatijI ko bagghI gAr3I meM baiThakara jAte hue roja dekhA hai / muMha para muMha patti bhI lagI dekhI hai|" rAjAroM evaM koTayadhIzoM ke pahanane yogya bahamalya jarI ke kAma ke aura rezamI vastra caityavAsI paramparA ke AcArya bhI pahanate the aura bhaTTAraka paramparA ke AcArya bhii| isI prakAra rAjyAzraya bhI caityavAsI aura bhaTTAraka ina donoM hI paramparAoM ko prApta thaa| . vartamAna kAla meM janasAdhAraNa kI prAyaH yahI dhAraNA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA kA pracalana kevala digambara saMgha meM hI huaa| parantu vastu sthiti isase bhinna rahI hai kyoMki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM meM bhI bhaTTAraka paramparA prAcIna kAla meM pracalita huI thii| digambaraM paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM ke samAna yApanIya evaM zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM ke bhI aneka sthAnoM para pITha the| yaha bhI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki digambara yApanIya aura zvetAmbara ina-tInoM hI saMghoM meM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA pracalana, nagaNya antara ko chor3a lagabhaga eka hI samaya meM huaa| Page #203 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA | 145 ] bhaTTAraka "paramparA kA udbhava" kAla : aba sarvaprathama prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA zatAbdiyoM taka bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna banAye rahI aura dakSiNI pradezoM meM jisake Aja bhI sudRr3ha purAtana pITha vidyamAna haiM, usa varcasvinI bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prAdurbhAva vastutaH kaba, kahAM aura kina paristhitiyoM meM huA ? isa sambandha meM adyayugIna vidvAnoM ne bhaTTAraka paramparA se sambandhita upalabdha aitihAsika ullekhoM ke pariprekSya meM, UhApoha cintana manana karane ke pazcAt yahI abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA kI sthApanA kisa AcArya ke dvArA kisa samaya, kina paristhitiyoM meM aura kahAM [ kisa sthAna ] para kI gaI, isa sambandha meM sunizcita rUpa se kucha bhI kahanA asaMbhava hai / prAdhunika vidvAnoM dvArA yathAzakya zodha ke pazcAt jo abhimata vyakta kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : " isa grantha [ bhaTTAraka sampradAya ] ke vibhinna prakaraNoM ke prArambhika paricchedoM se jJAta hogA ki adhikAMza bhaTTAraka paramparAoM ke aitihAsika ullekha . cauthI zatAbdI se prApta hote haiM / isaliye bhaTTAraka prathA amuka prAcArya ne amuka samaya prArambha kI, yaha kahanA asambhava hai / "" isa prakAra bhaTTAraka paramparA ke janmakAla ke sambaMdha meM aba taka kI gaI khoja ke AdhAra para abhivyakta kiyA gayA yaha eka pahalA abhimata hai / isa spaSTa abhimata ke atirikta paraspara eka dUsare se bhinna do aura aspaSTa abhimata bhI upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA spaSTata: nAmollekha to nahIM hai kintu unameM paramparAvizeSa ke zramaraNoM ke pracAra-vyavahAra kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhaTTAraka paramparA ke AcAra-vicAra-vyavahAra prAdi se milatA-julatA hai / una zeSa do aspaSTa abhimatoM meM se pahalA abhimata hai devasena nAmaka AcArya kA / prAcArya devasena ne prAcIna gAthAnoM kA saMgraha-saMkalana kara vikrama saM. 660 meM "darzanasAra" nAmaka 51 gAthAoM ke eka atilaghukAya grantha kI racanA 1. "bhaTTAraka sampradAya' kI zrI vidyAdhara joharApurakara dvArA prastuta prastAvanA, pRSTha 4 / 2. 'darzanasAra' kI gAthA saM0 50 meM gavasae gavae' zabda ko dekha kara katipaya vidvAnoM ne isa grantha kI racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 206 mAnA hai| vastutaH yaha ThIka nahIM hai / yadi ve gAthA saM0 ke Adi pada 'sattasae tevaNe' aura tadanantara 40 ke prAdi pada 'tatto dusaetIde' - prarthAt: vi0 saM0 753 ke pazcAt 200 varSa bIta jAne para arthAt vi0 saM0 753 meM rAmasena ne niSpiccha saMgha kI 1 gAthA saM [ zeSa TippaNI pRSTha 146 para ] Page #204 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 146 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kii| digambara paramparA ke itihAsavidoM tathA itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAle dUsare vidvAnoM ne bhI katipaya aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kI tithiyoM ke nirNaya ke sambandha meM devasena ke 'darzanasAra' ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai / bhaTTAraka paramparA kA pratyakSa rUpa se nAma na lekara parokSa rUpa meM saMbhavataH isI paramparA ke udbhavakAla ke sambandha meM AcArya devasena ne 'darzanasAra' meM likhA hai : siri pujjapAda sIso, dAviDasaMghassa kArago duTTho / raNAmeNa vajjaNaMdi, pAhuDavedI mahAsatto // 24 // appAsuya caraNayANaM, bhakkhaNado vajjido muriMNadehiM / pariraiyaM vivarIyaM, visesiyaM vaggaNaM cojjaM // 25 / / vIesu patthi jIvoM, unbhasaraNaM raNatthi phAsugaM patthi / sAvajja Na hu maNNai, Na gaNai gihakappiyaM aTTha / / 26 / / kacchaM khettaM vasahi, vANijjaM kAriUraNa jIvaMto / Nhato sIyala gIre, pAvaM pauraM sa saMjedi // 27 // . paMca sae chanvIse, vikkamarAyassa maraNa pattassa / dakkhiraNa mahurA jAdo, dAviDa saMghoM mahAmoho // 28 / / arthAt-zrI pUjyapAda ke duSTa ziSya vajranandi ne drAviDasaMgha kI sthApanA kii| yaha vajranandi prAbhRtoM kA jJAtA aura mahAsatvazAlI thaa| aprAzuka cane khAne kA jaba use muniyoM ne varjana kiyA to usane jinendra ke pravacanoM se viparIta prAyazcita Adi ke navIna zAstroM kI racanA kI / bIjoM meM jIva nahIM hote, udmazana athavA prAzuka nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai, isa prakAra kI usane prarUparaNA kii| vaha vajanandi sAvadha asAvadya ko nahIM mAnatA aura na gRhIkalpita Adi ko hI mAnatA hai / vajranandi kA dravir3asaMgha khetI bADI ke mAdhyama se, vasatiyoM ke nirmANa se tathA vyApAra Adi karavA kara jIvanayApana karatA / zItala kacce jala meM snAna karatA huA pracura pApa kA saMcaya krtaa| mahArAjA vikrama ke dehAvasAna ke 526 varSa (vIra ni0 saM0 666) pazcAt dakSiNa mathurA meM mahAmohapUrNa dravir3a saMgha utpanna huaa| [pRSTha 145 kA zeSa] sthApanA kii| ina donoM padoM kI ora dhyAna dete to isa grantha kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 606 mAnane jaisI bhUla nahIM karate / kyoMki vi0 saM0 653 meM ghaTita ghaTanA kA ullekha vi0 saM0 606 meM dRvdha grantha meM nahIM ho sakatA / vAstava meM gAthA saM0 50 meM 'raNavasae raNavae' ke sthAna para 'raNavasae raNavaIe' honA caahiye| usI dazA meM yaha saMgata hogA ki vi0 saM0 660 meM racita grantha meM vi0 saM0 653 meM ghaTita ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA gyaa| -sampAdaka Page #205 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 147 dravir3a saMgha ke jisa prakAra ke AcaraNa kA, maTha-mandira, vasati-nirmANa, zItala jala se snAna aura kRSi vANijya Adi se jIvana-yApana kA ullekha AcArya devasena ne 'darzanasAra' meM kiyA hai, ThIka usI se milatA-julatA AcaraNa bhaTTArakoM kA thA, yaha eka nirvivAda tathya hai / isa prakAra dravir3a saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM jo yaha ullekha darzanasAra meM milatA hai, vaha eka prakAra se parokSarUpeNa bhaTTAraka paramparA kI utpatti kA hI ullekha pratIta hotA hai / isa prakAra bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva ke sambandha meM aspaSTa athavA spaSTa jo bhI mAnA jAya yaha dUsarA abhimata hai| . binA kisI paramparA vizeSa kA nAmollekha kiye, bhaTTAraka paramparA kI utpatti ke sambandha meM tIsarA ullekha zrutasAgarasUri kA SaTprAbhRta TIkA kA upalabdha hotA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : "kalau kila mlecchAdayo nagnaM dRSTvopadravaM yatInAM kurvanti, tena maNDapadurge zrI vasantakIrtinA svAminA caryAdi velAyAM taTTIsAdarAdikena zarIramAcchAdya caryAdikaM kRtvA punastanmuMcatItyupadezaH kRtaH saMyaminAmityapavAdaveSaH / " arthAt-kalikAla meM muniyoM ko nagna dekha kara mlecchAdika upadrava karate haiN| isa kAraNa maNDapa durga meM zrI vasantakoti svAmI ne bhikSATana ke samaya muniyoM ko caTAI athavA tApar3a evaM cAdarA Adi se zarIra ko (nagnatA ko) DhaMka (pAcchAdita) kara bhikSAcarI karane aura bhikSAcarI kara cukane ke anantara punaH cAdara Adi kA parityAga karane kA upadeza diyaa| yaha apavAda veSa hai| .. isa ullekha meM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA kahIM koI nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai / aisI sthiti meM yaha kaha denA ki vasantakIrti svAmI ne bhaTTAraka paramparA kI sthApanA kI-kisI bhI taraha prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vastutaH isa kathana kA mUlya eka nirAdhAra anumAna se adhika nahIM AMkA jA sktaa| isake atirikta bhaTTAraka paramparA ke AcAryoM kI jo zodhapUrNa sUcI zrI vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne apanI racanA "bhaTTAraka saMpradAya' ke pariziSTa 3 meM dI hai, usake anusAra bhaTTAraka vasantakIti ke kevala do ullekha upalabdha hae haiN| pahalA ullekha hai balAlkAragaNa mandira aMjanagAMva kA aura dUsarA ullekha hai "jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, traimAsika, bhA0 1, birasA 4, pR0 52 kA / pahalA ullekha vi. saM. 1264 kA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : "saMvat 1264 mAha sudi 5 vasantakIrtijI, gRhastha varSa 12, dIkSA varSa 20, paTTa varSa 1, mAsa 4, divasa 22, antara divasa 8, sarva varSa 33 mAsa 5 vagheravAla jAti, paTTa ajamera / "2 1. SaT prAmRta TIkA pRSTha 31 2. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, lekhAMka 223, pR0 86 Page #206 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 148 ] 2. dUsarA ullekha isa prakAra hai : vasantakIrti ke samaya ke sambandha meM sUcanA dene vAlA balAtkAra gaNa mandira, aMjanagAMva kA uparivariMgata kevala eka hI lekha hai, aura vaha lekha hai saM . 1264 kA / aisI sthiti meM vi. saM. 1264 meM hue vasantakIrti ko bhaTTAraka paramparA kA saMsthApaka prAcArya mAnanA vastutaH kisI bhI dRSTi se ucita nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA / kyoMki vikrama kI 13 vIM zatI se bahuta pahale kI aneka granthaprazastiyoM evaM lekhoM se yaha spaSTataH pramANita hotA hai ki isase aneka zatAbdiyoM pUrva bhaTTAraka paramparA ke aneka AcAryoM ne anekoM mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI racanAeM kI thIM, jinameM bhaTTAraka jinasena aura bhaTTAraka guNabhadra ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / 3. bhaTTAraka vIrasena ne vikrama saM. 830 meM SaTkhaNDAgama - TIkA dhavalA kI, bhaTTAraka jinasena ne zaka saM. 756 (vi. saM. 864 ) meM kaSAya pAhuDa kI TIkA jaya dhavalA kI aura bhaTTAraka guNacandra ne zaka saM. 820 (vi. saM. 655) uttara purANa kI racanA kI thI / aisI sthiti meM vasaMtakIrti svAmI ne bhaTTAraka sampradAya kI sthApanA kI, yaha kathana to nitAMta avizvasanIya evaM aprAmANika hI siddha hotA hai / prAcArya devasena dvArA darzana sAra meM kiyA gayA uparyullikhita ullekha spaSTataH dravir3a saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM hai na ki bhaTTAraka paramparA kI utpatti ke sambandha meM / ataH darzanazAra ke isa ullekha se bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva kA samaya nirNIta karane kA prayAsa kalpanA kI uDAna se adhika aura koI mahatva nahIM rakhatA / 1. 'bhaTTAraka sampradAya' - lekhAMka 224 pR0 86 ...bhaTTAraeNa TIkA lihiesA vIraseoraNa || sahi sAsiya, vivakramarAyamhi esa saMgaramo / pAse suterasIe, bhAvavilagge dhavalapakakhe || dhavalA prazastimaraft samadhika ptazatAbdeSu zakanarendrasya / mamatIteSu samAptA, jayadhavalA prAbhRtavyAkhyA // 5. | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 saiddhAntika bhayakIrtirvanavAsI mahAtapA / vasantakIrtivyAghrAMhrisevitaH zIlasAgaraH // 21 // ' bhadrasUridaM prahINa kAlAMnurAdhe ||20|| zakanRpakAlAbhyantara viMzatyadhikASTazatamitAvdAnte / ...........................................................................******* - kasAyapAhuDa TIkA jayadhavalA - prazasti / / 35 / / 1 prAptajyaM sarvasAraM jagati vijayate puNyametat purANam ||36|| - uttarapurANa - prazasti Page #207 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 146 aisI sthiti meM Adhunika vidvAnoM ke isa abhimata para hI vizvAsa kara saMtoSa kara lene ko mana karatA hai ki "bhaTTAraka paramparA ko sthApanA kisane, kisa samaya aura kisa sthAna para kI, isa sambandha meM kucha bhI kahanA asaMbhava hai|" khoja kA kSetra vistIrNa hai| zodhakartAoM kI dRSTiyAM bhI apanI-apanI ruci ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna hotI haiN| saMbhava hai kucha tathyoM ke mahatva para zodhakartAmoM kI raSTi na pahuMcI ho, unakI dRSTi se ve ojhala raha gaye hoM athavA dRSTi meM prA jAne para bhI unakI zodha dRSTi meM unheM ve upayogI pratIta na hue hoN| aisI sthiti meM kucha aura prayAsa karane para andhakAra meM vilIna kucha tathyoM ko prakAza meM lAyA jA sakatA hai, isa viSaya meM koI navIna upalabdhi kI jA sakatI hai| isa prAzA kA avalambana le isa dizA meM kucha aura khoja aura chAnabIna kI gii| aitihAsika tathyoM kI khoja ke abhiyAna meM gavarnameMTa proriyenTala menyuskripTsa lAyabrarI, madrAsa yanivarsiTI bilDiMga, madrAsa kI hastalikhita pratiyoM ke saMgraha ko dekhate samaya kannar3a bhASA ke lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva likhe gaye 'jainAcArya paramparA mahimA, nAmaka eka prAcIna grantha ko dekhane kA avasara milaa| vahAM ke adhikAriyoM ke saujanya se isa kannar3a lipi meM likhe grantha kI devanAgarI lipi kI prati prApta huii| use par3hA to usameM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva ke sAtha-sAtha kina paristhitiyoM meM, kisa samaya aura kisane bhaTTAraka paramparA ko Adhunika pariveza meM sarvaprathama janma diyA ina saba bAtoM kA spaSTa evaM suvistRta vivaraNa upalabdha ho gyaa| isa vistRta vivaraNa ke sAtha usameM bhaTTAraka sampradAya ke mukhya pIThAdhIza dakSiNAcArya paTTa paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI anukramaza: nAmAvalI aura katipaya prAcAryoM kA prAvazyaka paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai| anuSTupa chanda ke 346 zlokoM ke isa grantha meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva se pUrva kI paramparA kA bhI saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai jo isa prakAra hai :--- maTTAraka paramparA se pUrva :- "mahAmahima gaNAdhinAtha gautama ke pazcAt unakI lokAcArya (prabhu mahAvIra ke sampUrNa saMgha ke eka mAtra prAcArya) paramparA ke zrutakevaliyoM meM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hue| unake pazcAt kI lokAcArya paramparA meM aSTAMga nimitajJa mAgama niSNAta ahaMdabali prAcArya hue| bahuta se muniyoM ke sAtha jisa samaya ve ujjayinI meM the, usa samaya varSAkAla ke prAgamana se pUrva praha bali kI prAjJAnusAra aneka muni varSAvAsa hetu vibhinna pradezoM meM cale gaye paura katipaya muni unake sAtha ujjayinI meM ho rhe| varSAkAla vyatIta ho jAne para vibhinna pradezoM meM gaye hue ve muni apane-apane ziSya samUha sahita ujjayinI lauTe paura prAcArya mahadabali ko vandana-namana kara samucita sthAna para baiTha gye| unhoMne prarhadbali se nivedana kiyA-prAcArya bhagavan ! hama loga apane-apane ziSya samUha sahita punaH prApakI sevA meM lauTa pAye haiN| "apane-apane ziSya samaha sahita" ina zabdoM ko sunate hI prAcArya arhadvali ne anubhava kiyA-yaha saba kAla kA prabhAva hai Page #208 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ :50 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ki ina zramaNoM ke mana meM mamIkAra ne ghara kara liyA hai| yaha ziSya varga merA hai, vaha ziSya varga usakA hai, isa prakAra ke mamatvabhAva se to dharma kA hrAsa hogA aura aMtatogatvA dharma kI avanati ho jaayegii|" isa taraha vicArakara unhoMne pRthaka-pRthaka gaNoM kI vyavasthA karate hue kahA --"jo munimukhya pUrva dizA se Aye haiM, ve mAja se pUrvAcArya, dakSiNa dizA se Aye haiM, ve dakSiNAcArya, pazcima dizA se pAye haiM, ve pazcimAcArya aura jo uttara dizA se Aye haiM ve uttarAcArya ke nAma se abhihita kiye jaayeNge| pUrvAcArya ke saMgha kA nAma sena saMgha, dakSiNAcArya ke saMgha kA nAma nandisaMgha,pazcimAcArya ke saMgha kA nAma siMha saMgha aura uttarAcArya ke saMgha kA nAma devasaMgha hogaa|" isa prakAra ahaMbalI prAcArya ne zramaNa saMgha ko cAra saMghoM meM vibhakta kiyaa| isa prakAra cAra gaNoM kI sthApanA ke pazcAt dakSiNAcArya virudadhara mahAprAjJa prAcArya candragupta nandisaMgha ke adhinAyaka prAcArya hue, jinake bAre meM yaha prasiddha thA ki prAcArya candragupta ke ugra tapazcaraNa ke prabhAva se unake tapovana meM mRga-vyAghrAdi pazu pArasparika janmajAta vaira ko bhulAkara sAtha-sAtha rahate the| vana devatA una mahAtapasvI prAcArya kI aharniza sevA upAsanA karate rahate the| unakA vacanamAtra hI vyantara-bAdhA, siMha-vyAghrAdi pazuoM ke prAraNApahArI upasarga aura sabhI prakAra ke sthAvara-jaMgama viSa prAdi kA nivAraNa karane meM mahAmantra tulya samartha thaa| una mahAmuni prAcArya candragupta ke anvaya meM arthAt vaMza meM loka-prasiddha prAcArya padmanandi hue| una padmanandi prAcArya ke hI kundakunda aura umAsvAti ye do nAma batAye jAte haiN| loga unheM gRdhrapicchAcArya ke nAma se bhI jAnate aura cAraNa (khecarI) Rddhi se sampanna mAnate the| ina kunda kunda AcArya ke prAcAryakAla meM nandisaMgha meM saMyogavazAt sabhI muni dezIya' arthAt usa yuga meM 'deNa' nAma se prasiddha sthAna vizeSa ke gRhasthoM meM se hI zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hA the, isa kAraNa nandisaMgha kA nAma prA0 kundakunda ke prAcAryakAla meM hI lokoM meM dezI gagA ke guragavAcaka nAma se prasiddha athavA rUr3ha ho gyaa| 1. kahIM-kahIM koI kSetra prAja bhI deza ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai / kundakundasya kAle'mya, nandisaMghe hi kevalam / sarve'pItIha dezIyAH, saMjAtAH munipuMgavAH // 75 / / nammAddezIya gaNetyAkhyAnaM lokAtsamAgatam / kuNDakunda-munIndrasya, kAle tatsaMgha saMgatam / / 6 / / ..- jainAcArya parampaga mahimA. hamnalikhita prati, proriyenTala menyuskripTama, lAyabrerI, madrAsa yUnivarsiTI (mekeje kalekzanma) / Page #209 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ maTTAraka paramparA ] [ 151 prAcArya kundakunda ke pazcAt unake paTTa ziSya vIranandi AcArya pada para pAsIna hue / vIranandi ke ziSya-zramaNoM kI saMkhyA 5001 thI / inhoM ne campApura meM candraprabha (caritra) nAmaka prasiddha kAvya kI racanA ko / prAcArya voranandi ke pazcAta unake paTTadhara gollAcArya hue / gollAcArya kumArAvasthA meM hI dIkSita ho gaye the| tapazcaraNa ke prabhAva se unheM kisI labdhivizeSa ko upalabdhi ho gii| viziSTa labdhi kI prApti ke kAraNa unake antarmana meM sattA evaM aizvarya ke sAMsArika sukhopabhoga ke prati moha jAgRta huaa| zramaNatva kA parityAga kara labdhi ke prabhAva se ve golla pradeza ke adhipati bana gaye aura mahArAjA gollAcArya ke nAma se prakhyAta hue| / una gollAcArya ke rAjasiMhAsanArUr3ha ho jAne para praviddhakarNa padmanandi siddhAntAgraNI unake paTTadhara prAcArya hue| ye padmanandi komAradeva ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| ina kaumAradeva ke pazcAt unake ziSya zAkaTAyana prAcArya pada para prAsona he| dezIya gaNa ke sakala vidyAvAridhi mahAvidvAna prAcArya zAkaTAyana ne zAkaTAyana AmdAnuzAsana aura usakI pramoghavRtti ko racanA ko / ' ina prakANDa vidvAn zAkaTAyana ke paTTadhara kulabhUSaNa hue| una kulabhUSaNa prAcArya ke gurubhrAtA (zAkaTAyana ke hI ziSya) paNDitAcArya virudaghara prabhAcandra hue jinhoMne zAkaTAyana sUtra para savA lAkha zloka pramANa nyAsa mArtaNDa kI tathA nyAsa kumuda candrodaya nAmaka tarkazAstra kI racanA kI / dhArAdhinAtha rAjA bhoja sadA inakI pUjA-sevA karate the| prAcArya kulabhUSaNa ke pazcAt paNDitAcArya prabhAcandra ke agraja devanandI prAcArya pada para AsIna hue, jo samasta zAstroM ke pAragAmI vidvAn the| unakA buddhivaibhava alaukika evaM anupama thA, isI kAraNa jinendra buddhi ke nAma se tathA mApake caraNa saroja devatAmoM evaM rAjA-mahArAjAmoM dvArA pUjita hone ke kAraNa pUjyapAda ke nAma se bhI ApakI khyAti sarvatra prasRta huii| pUjyapAda pora jinendrabuddhi viruda ke dhAraka inhIM zrI devanandI prAcArya ne binA kisI anya kI sahAyatA ke atasAgara kA mathana kara "jainendra" vyAkaraNa kA uddhAra kiyaa| jJAnapipAsumoM ke kalyANa ke liye mApane pANinIya sUtroM para bhI vRtti kI racanA kii| inhIM prAcArya divanandI ne tatvArthasUtra-TippaNa, pUjAvidhi saMhitA, jyotiSa zAstra sujJAna dIpikA, binda zAstra para savRtta kalpadruma aura vairAgyarasa se protaprota samAdhizataka prAdi viyoM kI racanAeM kii| pAdalepa-poSadhi ke prabhAva se gaganamArga meM gamana karate hue mAcArya pUjyapAda ne mahA videha kSetra meM jAkara tatra virAjita tIrthakara bhagavAn zrImandhara svAmI ke darzana kiye| tIrthakara prabhu se vahAM apane katipaya saMzayoM kA samAbiAna kara ve punaH bhAkAza mArga se bharata-kSetra meM lauTa paaye| prAkAza-mArga se lauTate . zAkaTAyana zamdAnuzAsana, pramoSavRtti sahita ke kartA zAkaTAyana yApanIya the| Page #210 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 152 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -- bhAga 3 samaya sUrya kI prakhara kiraNoM ke tIvra tApa se unake netroM kI jyoti luptaprAyaH ho gaI / baMkApura ke jinAlaya meM Apane zAntinAtha bhagavAn ke stotra kI racanA kI / | usa stotra ke prabhAva se ApakI khoI huI netra jyoti prApako punaH prApta ho gaI / dRSTi kI punaH prApti ke pazcAt prApane jinavANI ke pravacanAmRta kI varSA karate hue jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya abhivRddhi kI / jinazAsana prabhAvaka prAcArya prakalaMka, kulabhUSaNa aura yogIndra ye Apake samasAmayika athavA gurubhAI the / pUjyapAda jinendrabuddhi ke pazcAt kulacandra ko prAcArya pada para AsIna kiyA gayA / kulacandra ke pazcAt unake paTTadhara prAcArya mAghanandi hue / unheM loga jainasiddhAnta trakravartI evaM kollApura - munIzvara ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA karate the / mAghanandi mana, vacana, kAyagupti se gupta, vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke paripAlaka praura nimittazAstra ke pAradRzvA vidvAn prAcArya the / vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM maTTAraka paramparA kA prAdurbhAva :- [zrAcArya mAghanandi ke samaya meM, kollApura ke rAjasiMhAsana para vIra ziromaNi rAjAdhirAja mahArAjA gaNDAditya prAsIna thA / usako suvizAla caturaMgiNI senA kA senApati nimbadeva nAmaka sAmanta thA / senApati nimbadeva ucca koTi kA raNanIti - vizArada yazasvI yoddhA thA / 770 muni kI 159 prabhAva eka dina mahArAjA gaNDAditya apane vazavartI rAjAoM, sAmantoM evaM pradhAnoM ke sAtha rAjasabhA meM baiThA huA thA / dharma carcA ke prasaMga meM cakravartI bharata ke vaibhava, unake dvArA nirmita karavAye gaye caityAlayoM, pratiSThA vidhi Adi ke vivaraNa sunakara rAjA gaNDAditya zratIva pramudita huA / zravasara ke jJAtA (senApati nimbadeva ne apane svAmI ko parama prasanna mudrA meM dekhakara unase nivedana kiyA"rAja rAjezvara ! bar3e-bar3e rAjA-mahArAjA Apake caraNoM meM mastaka jhukAte haiM / ApakA aizvarya evaM vaibhava anupama hai| isa kalikAla meM prApa hI cakravartI haiM / zrataH Apa bhI bharata cakravartI ke samAna caityAdi kA nirmANa pratiSThA Adi dharma kAryoM se jainadharma kI abhivRddhi kIjiye / " apane senApati kA sujhAva gaNDAditya ko pratyanta rucikara lagA | usane apane purohita evaM pradhAnoM ko tatkAla prAdeza diyA ki caityAlayoM kA nirmANa karavAyA jAya / mahArAjA gaNDAditya ke AdezAnusAra sthAna-sthAna para caityoM ke yogya sabhI bhAMti zreSTha bhUmi ke cayana ke sAtha hI caityoM ke nirmANa kA kArya prArambha kiyA gayA / aura isa prakAra kucha hI samaya meM kollApura nagara ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM, mahArAja gaNDAditya kI AkAMkSA ke anurUpa kula milAkara 770 sundara caityoM kA nirmANa sampanna huA / apanI icchA ke anurUpa caitya nirmANakArya ke sampanna hone para mahArAjA gaNDAditya apane senApati prAdi pradhAnoM ke sAtha prAcArya mAgha Page #211 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 153 nandi kI sevA meM upasthita huaa| vandana-namana prAdi ke anantara mahArAjA gaNDAditya ne vinayapUrvaka AcArya mAghanandi se nivedana kiyA "kAma-krodha-mada-mohaajJAna-timira vinAzaka dinamaNe! pUjya prAcAryadeva ! Apake kRpA prasAda se 770 caityAlayoM kA nirmANa ho cukA hai| aba pApa vicAra kara jaisA ucita samajhe, vahI kreN|" AcArya mAdhanandi ne kahA-"rAjan ! ina viSama paristhitiyoM meM tumhAre isa pASANa saMgraha para kyA vicAra kiyA jAya / isa vipula vyaya kA Akhira phala kyA hai ?" prAcArya mAghanandi kI bAta sunakara gaNDAditya bhayodreka se kSaNa bhara ke lie avAka raha gyaa| apane Apako Azvasta kara usane kahA-"prAcArya-pravara ! isase bar3hakara anya aura kyA zubha kAma hai ? maiM to isa sambandha meM kucha bhI nahIM jaantaa| kRpA kara mApa hI batAiye / kyoMki guru kA upadeza hI gRhasthoM ke liye mArgadarzaka, Adarza aura AcaraNIya hai| - gaNDAditya ke murbhAye hue mana ko ullAsa se ApUrita karate hue manda muskAna ke sAtha prAcArya mAghanandi ne kahA-"rAjan ! ArAdhakoM ke abhAva meM, bhalA Aja taka kahIM ArAdhya astitva meM rahe haiM ? jinabimba ArAdhya haiM aura unakI ArAdhanA ke lie bhavya ArAdhakoM kI AvazyakatA sadA rahatI hai| logoM ko bodha diyA jAyagA tabhI to ve prabuddha ho jinadeva ke ArAdhaka bneNge| yaha to tuma jAnate hI ho ki saMsAra meM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke atirikta anya koI bhI bhavya svayaMbuddha nahIM hotaa| logoM ko dharma kA bodha karAne ke liye sAdhuoM kI, dharmopadezakoM kI anivArya AvazyakatA rahatI hai| bhavyajana-pratibodhaka sAdhUtroM ke abhAva meM logoM ko bodha kaise hogA aura ve jinArAdhaka sAdhaka kisa prakAra baneMge? sAdhuoM ke abhAva kI Aja kI sthiti meM bodhaka sAdhuoM ko taiyAra karanA hI jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA kA sabase mahatvapUrNa kArya hai / isa kalikAla meM loga rAjAoM ke adhIna hote haiM / aAja sAdhuoM kA abhAva hotA jA rahA hai / ataH "rAjan ! Apa Agama -INT E RESenimamsin Music ityukte narapAle hi, munIndro'pyabravIt punaH / idAnImavadhArya kiM, tava pASANasaMgrahe // 118 / / kimasti phalametena, vyayeneti pracodite / ............ // 116 / / jainAcArya paraM0 ma0 tasmAd bodhaka evAtra, mukhyaM mArgavyavasthitau / bodhakena binA kiMcinna hi kAryaM jagattraye // 125 / / kAryamasti samAlocyaM, tadvacmi samanantaram / pratiSThAM kuru kRtvetat, pUrva zAstrAvalambanam // 126 // --jainAcArya paramparA mahimA, (aprakAzita) Page #212 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 154 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jJAna ko dhAraNa karane yogya supAtroM ko cuna-cuna kara zramaNatva aMgIkAra karane ke liye unheM preraNA kIjiye / aura isa prakAra sAdhu taiyAra kara jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA kA kArya kriye|" ____mahArAjA gaNDAditya ko apane AcArya kA isa prakAra kA nirdeza rucikara lgaa| usane kucha vicAra kara kahA-"prAcArya deva ! supAtra kaise hone cAhiye ? suyogya pAtroM ke cayana ke pazcAt unheM zAstrAdhyayana karAne evaM zramaNatva aMgIkAra karane ke liye kisa prakAra kRtasaMkalpa banAnA cAhiye ? isa kArya ke niSpAdana ke liye Apa kRpA kara mujhe AdyopAnta pUrI vidhi spaSTataH smjhaaiye|" - AcArya mAghanandi ne kahA-"rAjan ! zAstrajJAna ko dhAraNa karane ke liye yogya supAtra vahI hai, jo svastha, nirAlasya, sutIkSNabuddhi, utkRSTa smaraNazaktiyukta, sarvakAryakuzala, vAkapaTu aura bAhyAbhyantara donoM hI dRSTiyoM se vizuddha ho / isa prakAra ke supAtra ko prApta karane kA jahAM taka prazna hai, isameM utkRSTa nItinaipuNya evaM sAvadhAnI se kArya karane kI AvazyakatA hai| sarvaprathama aise supAtra ko sammAna tathA anudAna se AkarSita karane kA prayAsa karanA caahiye| yadi sammAna-anudAna se bhI vaha supAtra prApta na ho sake to use phira kisI vyAja arthAta prapaMcapUrNa upAya se yena-kena-prakAreNa prApta kara hI lenA caahie| kyoMki isa prakAra vyAja ke mAdhyama se usakA prApta karanA bhI usake lie, . usake ujjvala bhaviSya ke lie hitakara hI siddha hogaa| isa prakAra saMyamasAdhanA evaM jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA kara bhavya bhakta deva, devendra, asurendra, narendra Adi padoM ke saukhyopabhoga ke anantara antatogatvA mokSa kA adhikArI bhI ho sakatA hai|" prAcArya mAghanandi se isa prakAra mArgadarzana prApta kara gaNDAditya bar3A santuSTa hayA aura senApati nimbadeva evaM pradhAnAmAtyAdi ke sAtha rAjaprAsAda meM lauTa aayaa| katipaya dinoM ke anantara mahArAjA gaNDAditya ne eka dina apane nagara ke zrAvakoM ko rAjyasabhA meM sasammAna Amantrita kara unheM sambodhita karate hue kahA"mahAnubhAvo ! Apa saba jaina dharma meM pragAr3ha niSThA rakhane vAle sammAnanIya zrAvaka haiM / Apa loga hI vastutaH bhavabhramaNa se uddhAra karane vAle dharma ke AdhArastambha haiM / Apake binA dharma kA astitva saMbhava nhiiN| kyoMki binA prAdhAra ke bhI bhalA kahIM kabhI koI Adheya astitva meM rahA hai| isI kAraNa Apa apanI pUrI zakti ke sAtha isake AdhArabhUta avalambana bane hue haiN| yaha to Apa sabhI bhalI-bhAMti sanmAnamanudAnaM vA, vyAjAntaramasAdhite / tAbhyAM hi tadupAyaM bhUdhavanAthAdhinAyaka / / 133 / / suroraganarendrANAM, labbA paramavaibhavama / mokSAnugamanaM tasya vyavasthA naranAyaka / / 134 / / -jainAcArya paramparA mahimA, aprakAzita--- Page #213 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 155 jAnate hI haiM ki dharma-prabhAvanA dharma ke abhyudaya evaM abhyutthAna kA pramukha aMga hai aura dharma kI prabhAvanA zAstra ke binA kabhI saMbhava nhiiN| zAstra bhI usake jJAna ko dhAraNa karane vAle supAtra ke binA sakSama nhiiN| aisI sthiti meM Apako mere sAtha sahayoga kara zAstroM ke jJAna ko dhAraNa karane meM pUrNataH samartha supAtra upalabdha karAne kA antarmana se prayAsa karanA caahie| yaha kArya nizcita rUpa se svarga tathA apavarga kA saukhya pradAna karAne vAlA hai| sarvaprathama maiM svayaM dharmasaMgha ko isa kArya hetu apanA putra dharmasantati ke rUpa meM samarpita karatA hA Apase bhI sAnurodha nivedana karatA hUM ki Apa loga bhI apanA eka-eka putra dharmasaMgha ko dharmasantati ke . rUpa meM samarpita kara dharmasaMgha kI dharmasantati kI abhivRddhi meM sahAyaka bneN|" nRpati gaNDAditya kI isa ghoSaNA se harSotphulla ho daNDanAyaka ne tatkAla sabako sambodhita karate hue kahA-"sabake antarmana ko Anandita kara dene vAlI hamAre narezvara kI ghoSaNA vastutaH hama sabake liye parama kalyANakAriNI evaM anukaraNIya hai| hameM ise apane svAmI ke Adeza ke rUpa meM zirodhArya karanA cAhiye / maiM bhI saharSa apanA eka putra saMgha ko samarpita karatA huuN| maiM AzA karatA hUM ki Apa saba bhI apanA eka-eka putra saMgha ko samarpita kara hamAre dharmaniSTha narezvara kA anusaraNa kreNge|" - apane mahArAjAdhirAja aura daNDanAyaka kI bAta sunakara samasta zrAvaka samUha zokAkula ho gayA / manda-sambhASaNa pUrvaka paraspara vicAra-vimarza kara ve zrAvaka jana atyanta dainyapUrNa svara meM kahane lage- "he naranAtha ! pratyuttara dene meM to hama samartha nahIM haiM, Apase kevala prArthanA hI karate haiM ki putroM ke atirikta anya jo bhI Apa cAheM, hama se le leN| saMsAra ke sArabhUta padArtha-putroM ko de dene ke pazcAta hamAre pAsa rahegA hI kyA ? isase to acchA hai ki Apa hameM hI zramaNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna karavA dIjiye / Apa hI hamAre bhAgyanirmAtA haiN|" isa prakAra sAmUhika rUpa se pAlApasaMlApa pralApa karate hue ve saba sASTAMga praNAma karate hue bhUmi para luNThana karane lge| yaha dekha kara mahArAja gaNDAditya ne tatkAla una saba zrAvakoM ko kevala tAmbUlamAtra pradAna kara vidA kara diyA / una saba ko vidA karane ke pazcAt mahArAja gaNDAditya ne apane senApati nimbadeva ke sAtha mantraNA kI aura ve donoM isa niSkarSa para pahuMce ki sammAna evaM anudAna se to abhISTa lakSya kI siddhi honA asaMbhava pratIta ho rahA hai ataH aba kisI anya upAya kA Azraya lenA anivArya ho gayA hai / katipaya dinoM taka samucita upAya ke viSaya meM socavicAra karane ke pazcAt gaNDAditya ko eka upAya dhyAna meM AyA |(raajy kI evaM prajA kI surakSA ke vyAja (bahAne) se usane eka sudRr3ha evaM vizAla gar3ha ke nirmANa kA kArya prArambha karavAyA) dina bhara jo nirmANa kArya hotA, use rAtri kI Page #214 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 156 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 nistabdhatA meM nitAnta gupta rIti se giravA diyA jaataa| yahI krama katipaya dinoM taka calatA rahA / vizvasta logoM ke mAdhyama se janasAdhAraNa meM sarvatra "yaha pracAra karavA diyA gayA ki rAjya evaM prajA kI surakSA ke liye yaha gar3ha banavAyA jA rahA hai / yaha bhUmi sarvalakSaNasampanna kizoroM yuvakoM kA balidAna mAMgatI hai / balidAna na dene ke kAraNa dina meM kiyA huA nirmANakArya rAtri meM Dhaha jAtA hai / isa prakAra kA samucita pracAra ho jAne ke pazcAt rAjA gaNDAditya ne apane daNDanAyaka evaM rAjyAdhikAriyoM ko Adeza diyA ki prajA kI surakSA kI dRSTi se paramAvazyaka isa gar3ha ke nirmANa ke liye sulakSaraNa sampanna bAlakoM kI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM bali denA anivArya ho gayA hai / ataH uttamottama sulakSaNoM se sampanna bAlakoM ko cuna-cuna kara rAjaprAsAda meM ekatrita kiyA jAya / rAjA kA Adeza hote hI nAgarikoM ke gharoM se sulakSaNasampanna bAlakoM ko balAt pakar3a-pakar3a kara rAjabhavana meM ekatrita kiyA jAne lagA / bali hetu apane apane bAlaka ke balAta pakar3a liye jAne ke kAraNa una bAlakoM ke mAtApitA karuNa krandana karane lge| nagara meM sarvatra hAhAkAra, bhaya aura AtaMka kA vAtAvaraNa vyApta ho gayA / pUrvaniyojita kAryakrama ke anusAra kucha puruSoM ne una vikSubdha evaM karuNa Rndana karate hue mAtRpitR varga ko prAcArya mAghanandi ke samakSa apanI karuNa pukAra prastuta karane kA parAmarza diyA / tadanusAra ve saba loga ekatrita ho prAcArya mAghanandi kI sevA meM upasthita hue / apane AcArya deva ke caraNakamaloM meM sASTAMga praNAma karate hue unhoMne karuNa svara meM unake samakSa nivedana karanA prArambha kiyA - "AcArya bhagavan ! ApakI chatracchAyA meM rahate hue bhI hameM yaha dussahya dAruraNa duHkha kyoM bhoganA par3a rahA hai ? aba hama isa ghora duHkha ko sahana karane meM asamartha haiM, ataH aba Apa kRpA kara hama saba ko nirgrantha zramaraNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna kara dIjiye / hamAre prANAdhAra putroM ko balAt pakar3a-pakar3a kara rAjaprAsAda meM banda kara diyA gayA hai / Apane yadi hama para dayA nahIM kI to Aja hI hamAre prANapyAre putroM kA balivedI para balidAna kara diyA jAyegA / hama saba ApakI zaraNa meM haiM / kevala Apa hI hamArI rakSA karane meM samartha haiM / hama para dayA kIjiye dayAsindho ! ' " zrAvakoM kI saba bAteM sunane ke pazcAt zrAcArya mAghanandi ne kahA- "bhavyagaNa ! Apa saba buddhizAlI zrAvaka ho aura isa bAta ko bhalI-bhAMti jAnate ho, "samajhate ho ki rAjA hI viparIta athavA parAGmukha ho jAya to usa dazA meM kiyA hI kyA jA sakatA hai / itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI ApakI yaha vinatI bhI TAlI nahIM jA sakatI, isake liye koI na koI upAya karanA hogA / Page #215 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 157 kucha kSaNa cintana-mudrA meM raha kara AcArya mAdhanandi ne samAgata janasamUha ko Azvasta karate hue kahA- Apa loga cintA kA parityAga kara maiM jo upAya batA rahA hUM, use dhyAnapUrvaka suno, jisase ki tumhAre putroM ke prANoM ko bhI kisI prakAra kI hAni nahIM pahuMce aura tumhArI kIrti bhI saMsAra meM cirakAla taka sthAyI rhe| Apa loga to rAjA ke samakSa kevala itanA hI kaha denA"rAjana ! hama ina bAlakoM ke mAtA-pitA apane ina prAtmajoM ko sadA sarvadA ke liye dharmasantati ke rUpa meM zramaNadharma kI dIkSA hetu dharmasaMgha ko samarpita karate haiN|")bs, Apa logoM dvArA yaha kaha diye jAne ke anantara zeSa kArya meM svayaM kara lUgA / isa ghora saMkaTa se bacane kA kevala yahI eka upAya mujhe sUjha rahA hai| isake atirikta anya koI upAya Apake dhyAna meM ho to Apa loga btaayo|" prAcArya mAghanandi kA kathana saba ko prAzAprada, rucikara evaM prItikara lgaa| una sabakA zoka kSaNa bhara meM hI tirohita ho gyaa| kRtajJatApUrNa svara meM unhoMne kahA-"bhagavan ! samasta kula ko pavitra karane aura saMsAra meM kIrti kA prasAra karane vAlA prApakA yaha sabhI bhA~ti hitakara vacana kise priya evaM grAhya nahIM hogA? bhagavan pApakA yaha sukhada sundara sujhAva hameM svIkAra hai, pApa kRpA kara aisA hI kreN|" zrAvaka-zrAvikAvarga kI svIkArokti suna kara prAcArya mAghanandi ko apUrva prAnanda kI anubhUti huI / unhoMne tatkAla mahArAjA gaNDAditya ko bulavAyA aura kucha kSaNa usake sAtha ekAnta meM parAmarza karane ke pazcAt bAlakoM ke mAta-pitavarga ko bulAkara unake samakSa hI rAjA gaNDAditya ko sambodhita karate hue kahA"rAjan ! ye dharmaparAyaNa zrAvaka-zrAvikA garaNa Apa jaise dharma parAyaNa rAjA ke rAjya meM bhI kisa kAraNa zokAkula ho rahe haiM ? pApa to dayAlu evaM dharmaparAyaNa haiN| ye sabhI loga apane-apane putroM ko zramaNadharma meM dIkSita karane ke liye hameM denA cAhate haiN| aisI dazA meM ve sabhI bAlaka isI samaya se bhAvopacAra rUpa meM muni hI mAne jAne caahiye| aba Apa svayaM hI sociye ki upacArataH muni kahe jAne vAle bAlakoM kI balivedi para bali dvArA hatyA kara Apa apane jainatva ko kisa prakAra bacAye rakha sakeMge ?" gaNDAditya ne apane guru prAcArya mAghanandi ke prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA-"prAcAryavarya ! prApakA kathana to ThIka hai kintu rAjya aura prajA kI surakSA ke lie parama Avazyaka nirmANAdhIna durga ko kyA dazA hogI?" prAcArya mAghanandi ne rAjA ko prAzvasta karate hue kahA-"rAjan ! maiM mantrazakti dvArA usakA giranA roka dUMgA / mere Upara vizvAsa kara mApa usa durga kI cintA chor3a diijiye|" Page #216 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 158 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 rAjA gaNDAditya ne kahA-"deva ! mujhe Apa para aTUTa prAsthA hai / Apa ina bAlakoM ko saharSa zramaNadharma meM dIkSita kara liijiye|" rAjA dvArA sahamati prakaTa kiye jAne para tatkSaNa una saba bAlakoM ko vahAM lAyA gyaa| snAna karAne ke uparAnta AcArya mAghanandi ne unheM pUrvAbhimukha baiThA kara saba logoM ke samakSa rAjarAjezvara gaNDAditya se kahA-"suno rAjan ! ye sabhI bAlaka mahApuruSoM dvArA dhAraNa kI jAtI rahI zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara rahe haiN| kahAM jo vairAgya ke raMga meM pUrNataH raMga jAne ke kAraNa prabuddha, dhIra vIra, gambhIra puruSoM dvArA dhAraNa kiye gaye pUrNa ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha nAmaka prati duSkara paMca mahAvrata aura kahAM ye nirbala sukumAra bAlaka ? tathApi deza, kAla aura zakti ke anusAra inheM kevala bhAva nigraMtha dharma kI dIkSA dI jA rahI hai| ye saba alpavayaska bAlaka haiM, isIliye inheM dravya-dIkSA nahIM dI jA rahI hai| sonA, cAMdI, loha aura baiMta ke valaya vAle cAra prakAra ke piccha mAne gaye haiM / lIlApriya sahaja bAlasvabhAvavaza ye loga svarNa athavA rajata valaya ke picchoM ko idhara udhara rakha kara bhUla bhI sakate haiM, ataH inake liye baita ke valaya tathA baiMta kI hI DaNDI se yukta piccha upayukta hoNge| prAja taka yaha vyavasthA rahI hai ki zramaNa-dIkSA ke samaya usa zramaraNa kA nAma vahI rakhA jAtA thA jo ki gRhastha jIvana meM usakA nAma hotA thaa| aba usa vyavasthA ko badala kara zramaNatva aMgIkAra kara lene para usakA pUrva nAma na rakha kara anya nAma rakhA jAyegA / " tathApi dIyate deza kAlazaktyanusArataH / / zaktitastapa ityetatsarvasiddhAnta saMmatam // 177 // eteSAM bhAvanagraMnthyameva zakti-pracoditam / prati bAlA ime yasmAnna dravyagamudIritam // 178 // sauvarNa rAjataM lohamayaM vetrAnvitaM ca vA / mataM valayapicchaM hi, yathAyogyaM na cAnyathA / / 176 / / yasmAdime vismaranti, lIlAsaMkalpacoditAH / vetradaNDAnvitaM picchaM, tasmAttadvalayAnvitam // 10 // iyatkAlaM munInAM hi, pUrvanAmasamarpaNam / na tathetaH paraM nAmAntarameva nirUpyate // 11 // iti nAmaparAvRtti, kRtvA coccamapi sphuTam / utthAyate hi munayo, namaskurvantu zIghrataH // 182 // ityuktvAhUya. tAnsarvAn, nAmakIrtanapUrvakam / datvAziSaM hi kRtavAn zAstrArambhamapi sphuTam / / 183 // -nAcArya paramparA mahimA [aprakAzita] Page #217 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA.] [ 156 (isa prakAra kI vyavasthA ke manantara prAcArya mAghanandi ne una saba bAlakoM ko dravya muniliMga ko dIkSA na dekara kevala bhAva munitva kI hI dIkSA dI aura ucca svara se usI samaya unakA nAmaparAvartana kara diyaa| zramaNadharma kI bhAva-dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt una navadIkSita muniyoM ne kramaza: navIna nAma ke uccAraNa ke sAtha guru dvArA sambodhita kiye jAne para apane guru kA vandana namana kiyA / AcArya mAghanandi ne apane una navadIkSita 770 muniyoM ko pAzIrvAda de unheM zAstroM kA adhyayana karavAnA prArambha kiyaa| tatpazcAt prAcArya mAghanandi ne rAjarAjezvara gaNDAditya ko una navanirmita 770 caityAlayoM kI pratiSThA karane kI anujJA pradAna kii| gaNDAditya ne sthAna-sthAna para prati sundara evaM vizAla toraNoM kA nirmANa karavA nagara ko sjvaayaa| sabhI mandiroM ke zikharoM para indradhvaja tulya dhvajAe lgvaaii| mandiroM ke mukhya dvAroM, dIvAroM evaM kaMgUroM para raMgabiraMgI nitarAM pratIva sundara patAkAeM laharAne lgiiN| tadanantara mahArAja gaNDAditya ne pUrNa ThATa-bATa ke sAtha una saba mandiroM kI pratiSThAeM krvaaii| nimbadeva ne abhyarthijanoM ko yathepsita dAna de samasta saMgha evaM prajA ko sabhI bhAMti santuSTa kiyaa| ___ una nUtana muniyoM kA adhyayanakrama nirbAdha gati se uttarottara pragati karane lgaa| prAcArya mAghanandi ke caraNoM meM baiTha kara una naye sAdhUnoM ne gaNita chanda, kAvya, alaMkAra, jyotiSa, vaidyaka, mantra, tantra, zabdazAstra, kavitva, nATyazAstra, gamaka, vakta tvakalA, Adi sabhI vidyAmoM evaM zAstroM kA bar3I hI niSThA ke sAtha adhyayana kiyA isa prakAra ve saba ke saba 770 muni sabhI vidyAnoM ke pAraMgata prakANDa vidvAn bana gye| una 770 vidvAn muniyoM meM se 18 muni siddhAnta zAstroM ke pUrNa pAraMgata viziSTa vidvAn bane / zeSa sabhI muni tarka zAstra meM aise nipuNa ho gaye ki unake dvArA eka vAkya ke uccAraNa mAtra se hI prativAdI ghabarAne laga jAte the| eka dina prAcArya mAghanandi ne mahArAjA gaNDAditya ko bulAkara kahA'nizcakra cakravartin ! ApakI sahAyatA. evaM sahayoga se sakala zAstroM meM niSNAta ye 770 mahA vidvAn muni jinazAsana kI sevA ke liye samudyata evaM kRtasaMkalpa haiN| jisa prakAra bharata prAdi cakravatiyoM ne jinazAsana kA uddhAra kiyA, vastutaH usI prakAra Apane bhI jinazAsana kA uddhAra kiyA hai| Apake dvArA nirmita ye 770 caitya prAja vastuta: prAkRta zAzvata caityoM ke samAna dharAtala para suzobhita ho rahe. haiM / dekhA jAya to ApakA janma saphala ho gayA hai, pApa kRtakRtya ho gaye haiN| vaibhava, dhairya, zaurya, gAmbhIrya prAdi guNoM meM Apake samAna aura koI rAjA dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa|" Page #218 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 160 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 "aba yaha sunizcita hai ki bhaviSya meM isa kalikAla meM jinazAsana ke prati niSThA rakhane vAle tathA satya- zauca sadAcAraparAyaNa rAjA na hokara kirAta, mleccha, yavana prAdihIna kuloM ke duSTa rAjA hoNge| bhaviSya meM zrAvaka pUrva kAla kI taraha dharmaniSTha evaM satyavAdI na hokara kAla ke kuprabhAva se una mleccha rAjAna ke durAcArAnukUla svecchAcArI, mUrkha, gurunindaka, mahAdhUrta praura kumArgagAmI hoMge / isa prakAra ke mUrkha, svecchAcArI evaM kumArgagAmI zrAvakoM para kevala prAcArya hI anugraha - nigrahAtmaka anuzAsana rakha sakeMge, kyoMki usa bhAvIkAla meM sanmArgagAmI rAjAnoM kA astitva taka bhI nahIM rahegA / " "isa prakAra kI pravazyambhAvI bhaviSya kI sthiti ko dRSTigata rakhate hue aba prAcAryoM ke pAsa siMhAsana, chatra, cAmarAdi rAjacinhoM, bhRtyoM aura cAMdI, sonA Adi dhana kA honA parama Avazyaka hai| kintu yaha saba kucha ApakI sahAyatA ke binA nahIM ho sakatA / zrataH Apako hI yaha saba vyavasthA karanI hai / " " prAcArya mAghanandi kI yaha bAta suna kara nRpati gaNDAditya ne kahA"svAmin ! digambaroM ko yaha saba kisa prakAra zobhA degA ?" prAcArya mAghanandi ne kahA- "suno rAjan ! prAcIna kAla meM tIrtha karoM ke bhI chatra, cAmara, prAkAza-gamana prAdi bahiraMga pratizaya hote the / isa sambandha meM praura adhika kahane kI prAvazyakatA nahIM / samaya ke pravAha ko dRSTigata rakhate hue kevala mata-nirvAha arthAt jaina dharma ko eka jIvita dharma rakhane ke abhiprAya se hI yaha saba kucha karanA paramAvazyaka ho gayA hai|' 113 ' pArthivAzAnugA: sarva, zrAvakA satyabhASitAH / janamArge carantyevamuttaratra na te tataH // 201 // svecchAcAraratA: mUrkhA vakrAzca gurunindakAH / tadA kumArgavazagAH, zrAvakA kAladoSataH // 202 // idAnIM zrAvakA sarve, manukAla mRgopamAH / bhAvinaste mahAghUrtAH hye tatkAlamRgopamAH // 203 // nigrahAnugrahI teSAmAcAryeva nAnyathA / yataH sanmArgagA naMva, vartante pArthivAstataH // 204 || tadarthaM rAjacihnazca bhAvyaM bhRtyairdhanairapi / zrAryasya hi tatsavaM, tvatsahAyena nAnyathA // 205 // 2 -- jainAcArya paramparA mahimA hastalikhita prati guruNoktaM vacaH zrutvA, narendraH punarabravIt / svAmin ! digambarANAM tacchobhate kathamityapi // 206 // Page #219 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 161 bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prathama prAcArya kA paTTAbhiSeka-guru vacanoM ko zirodhArya kara mahArAja gaNDAditya ne unheM bhaktipUrvaka namaskAra karate hue nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! Apake nirdezAnusAra maiM saba prakAra kI samucita vyavasthA kara duuNgaa|" tatpazcAt prAcArya mAghanandI ke AdezAnusAra gaNDAditya ne sakala AgamaniSNAta prakANDa vidvAna muni siMhanandi ko prAcArya pada para abhiSikta karane kI pUrNa taiyAriyAM kii| prAcArya mAghanandi ne (bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prathama prAcArya ke rUpa meM) siMhanandi ko AcArya pada para niyukta kiyaa| mahArAja gaNDAditya ne siMhanandi kA prAcArya pada para paTTAbhiSeka kiyaa| mahArAjA gaNDAditya ne prAcArya siMhanandi kA prAcArya pada para abhiSeka karate samaya unheM (AcArya siMhanandi ko) eka pratyuttama zivikA (pAlakI). ratnajaTita piccha, cavara aura chatra Adi rAjacinha pradAna kiye / vividha vAdyayantroM ke ghoSa ke sAtha mahArAja gaNDAditya ne prAcArya siMhanandi kI nagara meM zobhAyAtrA nikAla kara unakI mahatI prabhAvanA kI / tadanantara rAjA ne prAcArya siMhanandi ko vidhivat caturvidha dharma-saMgha ke saMcAlana ke sarvocca sattAsampanna sArvabhauma adhikAra pradAna kiye| mahArAjezvara gaNDAditya ne vibhinna prAntoM tathA deza-dezAntaroM ke rAjA-mahArAjAoM, jaina saMghoM evaM saMgha nAyakoM ko ghoSaNA-patra athavA adhikAra-patra bheje ki AcArya siMhanandi ko mUla saMgha ke sarvocca adhikAra sampanna prAcArya pada para abhiSikta kiyA gayA hai| ___ isa prakAra sudUrastha pradezoM meM bhI prAcArya siMhanandi kI prasiddhi ho gaI ki ye mUla-saMgha ke sarvocca sarvAdhikArasampanna mahAn prAcArya haiM / zRNu rAjan purA tIrthaMkarAdInAmapi sthitAH / bahiraMga nabhoyAna, cAmarAdi vibhUtayaH / / 207 / / kiM syAtbahu prasaMgena, kAlazakta yanusArataH / kriyate matanirvAha-siddha yarthaM na tadicchayA // 208 / / ityukta vacanaM zrutvA, natvA gurukulaprabhum / yanirdiSTaM tadicchAbhItyabravIdati bhaktitaH // 206 / / tadAkhilAdizAstrajJa, siMhanandimunIzvaram / samAhUyAtha paTTAbhiSekaM kRtvA tataH param // 210 / / pradatvA zibikAcchatracAmarAdi paricchadAn / datvA ratnamayaM picchaM, cAmare ca tathAvidhe // 211 // kArayitvA pure nAnA vAdya stasya prabhAvanAm / sarvAdhikArapadavIM datvevAti prabhAvataH // 212 / / tathA dezAMtarasthAnAM narendrANAM ca lekhanam / bhinnasaMghAdhinAthAnAmapi preSitavAnmudA // 213 / / zrI mUla-maMghAcAryo'yamiti sarvaprasiddhijam / tadAbhUnmAghanandyAryasyAsya nAma manoharam // 214 // jainAcArya paramparA mahimA (hastalikhita) Page #220 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 162 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 isa prakAra kI vyavasthA se prA0 mAghanandi kI kIrti dUra-dUra taka phaila gii|' bhaTTAraka pIThoM kI sarvaprathama sthApanA-titpazcAt Arya mAghanandi ne dharma saMgha (bhaTTAraka sampradAya) kI samucita vyavasthA ke lie 25 pIThoM kI sthApanA kii| una sabhI pIThoM para Arya mAghanandi ne apane suyogya evaM zAstrajJa vidvAn ziSyoM ko pIThAdhIzoM ke pada para niyukta kiyaa| una paccIsoM pIThAdhIzoM ko chatra cAmarAdi cinharahita cA~dI ke siMhAsana aura kASTha kI pAdukAe pradAna kI gii| una paccIsoM hI pIThAdhIzoM ko sambodhita karate hue prAcArya mAghanandi ne kahA"tuma saba loga prAcArya siMhanandi ke sevaka ho / tuma saba loga apane-apane pIThoM para jAkara jinazAsana kA pracAra-prasAra kro|" una sabane bhI apane prAcAryadeva kI prAjJA ko zirodhArya kiyA aura apane-apane pITha para jAkara ve jinazAsana kI sevA meM nirata ho gye| . eka samaya prAcArya siMhanandi apane vizAla ziSyasamUha se parivRtta ho vividha vAdyayantroM kI sumadhura dhvaniyoM evaM jaya-jayakAra ke gaganabhedI nirghozoM ke sAtha dakSiraNa mathurA gye| vahAM ke mahApratApI evaM zauryazAlI mahArAjA rAcamalla tathA unake mahAmAtya cAmuNDarAya ne prAcArya zrI kI aguvAnI karate hue mahAmahotsava ke sAtha unakA dakSiNa mathurA meM nagarapraveza krvaayaa| rAjAdhirAja rAcamalla ne prAcArya zrI ko vahAM eka caityAlaya meM tthhraayaa.| mahArAjA rAcamalla pratidina prAcArya siMhanandi ke upadeza sunatA aura unake prati agAdha zraddhA-bhakti rakhatA thaa| prAcArya siMhanandi dakSiNa mathurA (madurA) meM rahate hue saddharma kA aneka varSoM taka pracAra-prasAra karate rahe / AcArya siMhanandi ke 300 ziSyoM meM pramukha ziSya devendra koti prakANDa paNDita aura zAstrajJa the| siMhanandi ke pazcAt devendrakIti ko prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gyaa| AcArya devendrakIti kA gurubhrAtA ajitasena bhI vidvAnoM meM agraNI aura mahAn prabhAvaka thaa| ajitasena ko paNDitAcArya ke pada se vibhUSita kiyA gayA / rAjA cAmuNDa rAja sadA unakI sevA meM upasthita rahatA thaa| zloka saMkhyA 214 ke uttarArddha "tadAbhUnmAghanandyAryasyAsya nAma manoharam / " se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAcArya mAghanandi ne abhinava bhaTTAraka paramparA ko janma dete samaya apane ziSya siMhanandi ko prathama bhaTTArakAcArya banAyA aura ve svayaM yathAvat nandisaMgha ke hI sadasya bane rhe| isase sarvatra unakA nAma ho gayA arthAt unakI kIti phaila gaI / ve bhaTTAraka paramparA ke janaka the, para usake prAcArya nahIM bane / -sampAdaka rAjataM pIThameteSAM, pAduke dArukalpite / chatracAmarazUnyaM tadrAjacinhamitIr3itam / / 216 / / proktvA taddApayitvAtha, tAnAhUya munIzvaraH / prAcAryasevakA yUyamiti teSAM samabravIt // 217 / / - jainAcArya paramparA mahimA (hastalikhita) 2. Page #221 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 163 AcArya devendrakIrti ke pazcAt unake uttarAdhikArI mAghanandi (dvitIya) ko AcArya pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| mAghanandi (dvitIya) ke pazcAt unake paTTa ziSya nemicandra ko AcArya pada para abhiSikta kiyA gyaa| prAcArya nemicaMdra ne rAjA cAmuNDa ko pratibodha diyaa| zravaNa belgola tIrtha tathA vahAM mukhya pITha kI sthApanA eka dina zubha muhUrta meM mahArAjA cAmuNDarAya AcArya zrI nemicaMdra aura unake ziSya varga ke sAtha bAhubalI kI mUrti ke darzanoM kI abhilASA liye madurApattana se podanapura kI ora prasthita huA / usake sAtha usakI vizAla vAhinI aura bhRtya gaNa bhI the| prayAraNa aura sthAna-sthAna para par3Ava DAlakara vizrAma karate hue ve saba belgola ke pAsa phuNce| belgola ke pAsa gaganacumbI, girirAja, vindhyAcala ko dekha mahArAja cAmuNDa ne vahAM rAtri vizrAma ke lie par3Ava ddaalaa| rAtri kI avasAna belA meM, rAjA cAmuNDa ke pUrvAjita puNyoM ke pratApa se nakha-zikha (ApAdazIrSa) zRgAra kI huI saputrA kuSmANDinI devI ne svapna meM cAmuNDarAja ko darzana de parama prasanna mudrA meM usase kahA-"o mahipa cAmuNDarAja! tuma sadala-bala itanI dUrI para avasthita podanapura taka kaise pahu~ca sakoge, arthAt vahAM kyoM jA rahe ho ? rAvaNa dvArA acita-pUjita gommaTeza kI mUrti yahIM vindyagiri ke vizAla zilAkhaNDoM se DhaMkI huI vidyamAna hai / tumhAre dvArA bAMraNa ke prayoga mAtra se gommaTeza tuma para prasanna ho jAyeMge aura tumheM darzana de deNge|" basa itanA hI kaha kara devI kuSmANDinI adRzya ho gii|' sUryodaya hote hI mahArAja cAmuNDa ne AcArya nemicaMdra ko apanA AdyopAnta svapna sunAyA aura unakI anujJA prApta kara devI dvArA nirdiSTa sthAna meM bAMga calAyA / bAMNa calAte hI sabako darzana dete hue gommaTeza prakaTa ho gaye / tatkAla mahArAja cAmuNDa ne gommaTeza jina kI pUjA kii| prAcArya nemicandra ne zAstroM se sAra grahaNa kara gommaTasAra, trilokasAra aura labdhisAra nAmaka tIna sArabhUta uttama graMthoM kI racanA kI / vahIM belgola pattana meM rAjA cAmuNDarAja ne bhI loka-bhASA meM tripaSTi (zlAghya) puruSa purANa nAmaka purANa kI racanA kii| belgola meM gommaTeza ke prakaTa hone, gommaTasAra Adi sAratraya uttama granthoM ke praNayana tathA triSaSTi puruSa purANa kI racanA-ina tInoM kAraNoM se belgola asmin vindyAcale sthUla, zilAkhaNDastirAhiteH / sa eva gommaTezo'sti, * rAvaraNena samacitaH / / 23 / / bANaprayogamAtreNa, prasannastava jAyate / iti vAcaM samudgarya, tirobhUtvA gatA hi sA // 236 // Page #222 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ / [jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pattana meM dakSiNAcArya pravara kA mahAsiMhAsana sthApita kara vahAM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA pramukha pITha sthApita kiyA gyaa| zravaNa belgola ke usa mahA siMhAsana para virAjamAna prAcArya nemicandra suzobhita hone lge|' - mahArAjA cAmuNDa apane una prAcAryadeva nemicandra ke pAdaprakSAlana evaM unakI arcA-pUjA ke liye sadA samudyata rahatA thA / mahArAja cAmuNDa ne 1,66,000 (eka lAkha chu yAnave hajAra) mudrAmoM kI prativarSa prAya vAlA vizAla bhUkhaNDa gomaTeza ko bheMTa ke rUpa meM sadA-sarvadA ke lie samarpita kiyaa| mahArAja cAmuNDa ne zravaNabelgula meM nandIzvara mahApUjA Adi aneka bhavya mahotsava Ayojita kiye| una mahotsavoM ke kAraNa zravaNabelgula nagara sadA dharmanagara kA rUpa dhAraNa kiye rahatA thaa| isa prakAra gomaTezvara tIrtha kI sthApanA, zravaNabelgula meM dakSiNAcArya ke pradhAna pITha kI pratiSThApanA aura aneka mahotsavoM ke prAyojanoM ke pazcAt cAmuNDarAja apane guru dakSiNAcArya zrI nemicandra kI AjJA prApta kara zaMkha nAdoM evaM dundubhi Adi nAnAvidha vAdyoM ke nirghoSoM ke sAtha zravaNabelgula se sadalabala prasthita ho apane rAjya kI rAjadhAnI dakSiNa mathurA (madurA) pahuMcA aura gomaTeza jina ke caraNayugala kA smaraNa karatA huA nyAyanItipUrvaka prajA kA pAlana karane lgaa| mahArAja cAmuNDa kI senA meM 8000 hAthI, 10,00,000 azvArohI aura agaNita padAti subhaTa the| udhara siddhAntadeva AcArya nemicandra zravaNabelgula meM rahate hue tIrtha kA abhivarddhana evaM dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane lge| ve jinendra mArga ke sArvabhauma sarvocca adhikAra evaM sattA sampanna adhinAyaka prAcArya the| dakSiNAcAryavaryasya, tasmAdvailgulapattanam / mahAsiMhAsanasthAnaM, jAtaM saukhyAkaraM yataH // 242 / / taTelgula mahAsiMhAsanAsIno munIzvaraH / nemicandrAkhya siddhAnta devo guNanidhirbabhau // 244 // ___jainAcArya paramparA mahimA (hastalikhita) SaNnavatyanvitaM bhakta yA, sahasra lakSapUrvakam / rAjyaM cAmuNDabhUpAlo, gomaTezasya saMdadau // 246 / / niyutaM SaNnavatyuddha, sahasrAnvitamAdarAt / rAjyaM cAmuNDabhUpAlo, gomaTezasya saMdadau // 247 / / aSTau dantisahasrANi, dazalakSa turNgmaaH| bhaTAnAM gaNanA naiva, tadbhUpAla balAmbudhau // 251 / / -jainAcArya paramparA mahimA w Page #223 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 165 prAcArya zrI nemicandra ke pazcAt kaladhautanandi dakSiNAcArya ke pada para adhiSThita kiye gaye / prAcArya kaladhautanandi ke pazcAt hue katipaya dakSiNAcAryoM ke nAma, "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" nAmaka laghu grantha meM nimnalikhita krama se diye gaye hai mAghanandi (tRtIya), meghacandra, abhayacandra, bAlacandra, mAghanandi (caturtha), graNDavimukta, guNacandradeva, hemasena paNDita, vAdirAja, meghacandra (dvitIya), guNacandra, nayakIrti, kanakanandi paNDita, bhAnukoti, devendrakIti, jayakIrti, gopanandi, (jinakI pAlakI ko vyantara vahana karate the), mAghanandi (paMcama), vAsava sucandra (jo cAlukya rAja kI senA meM bAla sarasvatI ke nAma se vikhyAta the), vizAlakIti, dAmanandi, guraganandi, maladhArI, zrIdharAcArya, sutanandi, mAdhavacandra, udayacandra, meghacandra (inake samaya se bAlacandra paNDitAcArya pada para virAjamAna rahe), abhayanandi, somadeva, lalitakIti, kalyANakIrti, mahendracandra, zubhakIti, jinendracandra, yaza:kIrti, vAsavacandra, candranandi, sUbAha paNDitAcArya, vaSendrasena, mahendrasena, dharmasena, kulabhUSaNa, nandipaNDita, mAghanandi siddhAnta cakravartI (SaSThama), vizadakIrti, zubhacandra, cArukoti, mAghanandi (saptama), abhayacandra, bAlacandra pIra rAmacandra / isa bhAMti jisa prakAra rohaNagiri se anamola ratna nikalate haiM, usI prakAra muniratnoM kI khAna svarNavelgula ke mukhya pITha se aneka mahAn prAcAryoM kA udaya huaa| ye sabhI prAcArya vipula vidyA vaibhava ke dhanI aura zApa tathA anugraha donoM hI vidyAoM meM sakSama the| yaha zravaNabelgula mukhya pITha ke siMhAsana kA hI camatkAra thA ki jo bhI muni prAcArya pada para abhiSikta ho isa siMhAsana para baiThatA, vahI isa siMhAsana ko zakti se svataH hI zApAnugraha-samartha aura adbhut vidyAbhava-sampanna ho jAtA thaa| bhaTTAraka rAmacandra ke pazcAt zravaNabelgula ke siMhAsana para bhaTTAraka ziromariNa devakIrti hue| tadanantara bhaTTAraka devacandra hae, jinake dvAra para choTiMga nAmaka yakSa sadA baiThA rahakara inake dvArapAla kA kArya karatA thA / baitAlI sadA inake caraNa yugala kI sevA karatI thI aura anekoM vyantara inakI pAlakI ko uThAte the| aneka bhUtagaNa unakA prAdeza pAlane ke lie sadA tatpara rahate the| devacandra ke pazcAt unake ziSya cArukIti AcArya pada para AsIna hue / ye cArukoti bhaTTArakoM meM sUrya ke samAna the / cArukIrti vastuta: adbhuta pratibhAsampanna the ata: inakI kalikAla gaNadhara ke nAma se cAroM ora khyAti phaila gaI thii| mahArAjA vallAla ke prANoM kI rakSA karane ke kAraNa ApakI yazopatAkA sudUra prAntoM taka phaharAne lagI thii| ekadA mahArAjAdhirAja vallAla ke rAjaprAsAda meM jvAlAmukhI ke samAna Page #224 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 166 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 eka bhISaNa bivara (bila) prakaTa hA / usa bila meM se agni kI bhISaNa jvAlAe nikalane lagIM, bar3e-bar3e aMgAre nikala kara cAroM ora phailane lge| usa bila meM se itanA adhika dhuMA nikalane lagA ki prAsAda aura gagana-maNDala usa dhue se isa prakAra chA gayA jaise ki varSAkAla meM ghUmar3atI haI ghanaghaTAoM se AkAza AcchAdita ho gayA ho / usa bila se jo pralayaMkara dRzya utpanna huA, vaha itanA vIbhatsa thA ki use dekhate hI loga mUcchita ho jAte the| usa jvAlAmukhI kI zAnti ke lie aneka upAya soce gye| mithyA darzaniyoM ne usako zAnti kA upAya batAte hue rAjA se kahA ki isa bila ko mahiSa, bakaroM Adi pazuoM ke rakta se bhara diyA jAya / binA pazuoM ke rakta ke yaha bila banda hone vAlA nahIM hai| rAjAdhirAja vallAla isa pApakRtya ke nAma mAtra se kAMpa utthaa| usane bhaTTAraka cArukIrti kI sevA meM upasthita ho saMkaTa se rakSA kI prArthanA kii| cArukIti bhaTTAraka ne kuSmANDinI devI kA AhvAna kara kuSmANDoM se usa bila ko bhara diyA aura usa para siMhAsana jamA kara ve usa para baiTha gye| tatkAla jvAlAmukhI bila dvArA utpanna ghora saMkaTa naSTa ho gyaa| aMga Adi aneka dezoM ke rAjAoM ne sASTAMga praNAma kara cArukIrti kI stuti kI aura unheM "vallAlarAja sajjIva rakSaka" ke viruda se vibhUSita kara chahoM darzanoM ko upAsaka sampUrNa prajA kA sthApanAcArya ghoSita kiyaa| ina bhaTTAraka cArukIti ke prAcAryakAla meM jinazAsana kI pratiSThA parAkASThA para pahuMca gii| jana-jana ke antarmana para cArukIrti ke nAma kI gaharI chApa aMkita ho gii| cArukIrti ke nAma ke camatkAra ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue yaha niyama banA diyA gayA ki kAlAntara meM zravaNa belgula ke siMhAsana para abhiSikta hone vAle sabhI bhaTTArakoM kA nAma cArukIrti hI rakhA jAya / ' bhaTTAraka devacandra ke ziSya una cArukIrti ke pazcAt katipaya cArukIrti nAma ke bhaTTAraka hue| unake pazcAt cArukIti nAmaka eka anya prAcArya hue| baiMkaTArya rAjA kI vinati svIkAra kara ve cArukIti bhaTTAraka eka bAra bhallAtakI pattana gye| vahAM bhairava nAmaka eka rAjA bho pApakI sevA meM pAyA / bhaTTAraka cArukIrti 6 mAsa taka bhallAtakIpattana meM rhe| bhairava nAmaka rAjA sadA unake darzana pravacanazravaNa krtaa| usake antarmana meM cArukIti prAcArya ke prati pragAr3ha bhakti utpanna huI pIra usane yaha niyama grahaNa kara liyA ki vaha jIvanabhara bha0 cArukIrti ke caraNoM kI pUjA kiye binA bhojana nahIM kregaa| 6 mAsa pazcAt jaba ve bhaTrAraka cArukIrti punaH zravaNabelgUla pAne ke lie udyata hae to rAjA bhairava ne kahA-"prAcAryadeva ! 'mujhe bhI Apa zramaNadharma kI dIkSA de diijiye| anyathA pApake cale jAne para to mujhe apane niyama kI rakSA ke lie AmaraNa anazana hI ' zravaNa belgula meM pradyAvadhi yahI niyama pracalita hai| -mampAdaka Page #225 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] . [ 167 karanA pdd'egaa| isa vikaTa samasyA ko sulajhAne ke lie bha0 cArukIrti ne apane eka ziSya ko apanA uttarAdhikArI banA, use cArukIrti nAma dekara vahAM rakha diyaa| tadanantara cArukIti bhaTTAraka punaH svarNabelgula lauTa aaye| isa prakAra bhallAtakI meM bhI bhaTTArakoM kI eka zAkhA sthApita ho gii| ye cArukIrti bhaTTAraka mahArAjA vallAla ke prANoM kI rakSA karane vAle cArukoti ke pazcAt unake 25veM paTTadhara hue| __ "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" nAmaka laghu grantha ke racanAkAra bhI cArukIrti haiM aura unhoMne apane Apako una cArukIti kA 31vAM padadhara batAyA hai, jinhoMne ki mahArAjA vallAla ke prANoM kI rakSA kI thii| ___"jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" nAmaka 346 zlokoM ke hastalikhita laghu grantha ke AdhAra para jo bhaTTAraka paramparA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai. usameM variNata prAcArya mAghanandi, gaNDarAditya rAja-rAjezvara, rAjA vallAla, mahAsAmanta nimbadeva, prAcArya mAghanandi kA vizAla ziSya parivAra Adi-Adi prAyaH sabhI pAtra vastutaH aitihAsika vyakti haiN| isa tathya ko siddha karane vAle purAtAtvika Thosa pramANa Aja bhI upalabdha hote haiN| mahAsAmanta nimbadeva dvArA nirmita kolhApura kI rUpa nArAyaNa vasadi meM tathA kolhApura saMbhAga ke kAgala nAmaka nagara ke samIpastha honnUra ke jaina mandira meM aura kuNDI pradezastha sAMgalI vibhAga ke teradAla nagara ke neminAtha mandira meM mile zilAlekhoM se ina saba kI aitihAsikatA ke sAtha-sAtha bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva evaM mAghanandi, vallAla, gaNDarAditya (gaNDAditya) nimbadeva Adi kA samaya bhI aitihAmika AdhAra para sunizcita hotA hai / ve aitihAsika tathya isa prakAra haiM :-- (1) kolhApara sambhAga meM kAgala nagara ke samIpastha honnara nagara ke jaina mandira meM eka mUrti ke prAyAga paTTa para uTaiMkita zilAlekha meM aitihAsika mahatva kI aneka bAtoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| usa zilAlekha meM mahAmaNDalezvara vallAla deva evaM gaNDarAditya dvArA isa mandira ko diye gaye eka bar3e dAna kA ullekha hai, jo sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke khAna-pAna kI vyavasthA hetu diyA gayA thaa| isa zilAlekha ke lekhAnusAra bammagAvuNDa nAmaka gRhastha dvArA isa mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA / vaha bammagAvuNDa rAtrimatI nAma kI eka baina sAdhvI kA gRhastha ziSya thaa| isase yaha tathya prakAza meM prAtA hai ki tAmilanADu ke samAna karNATaka pradeza meM bhI jaina sAdhviyoM kA eka aisA saMgha thA jo jainAcAryoM ke samAna hI zrAvaka varga para apanA pUrNa prabhAva evaM varcasva rakhatA thA aura puruSoM ko apanA parama bhakta, anuyAyI aura yahAM taka ki gRhastha ziSya bhI banAtA thA / tAmilanADa se prApta prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM aneka aisI sAdhvimukhyAnoM, mahAn sAdhviyoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, jo bar3e-bar3e saMghoM kI prAcArya - bar3e-bar3e saMghoM yahAM taka ki sAdhUtroM. mAdhviyoM, thAvakoM Page #226 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 168 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 evaM zrAvikAoM ke saMghoM kI sarvesarvA saMcAlikAeM thiiN| inameM saMgha kurattIgala nAmaka saMghAdhipA kA nAma ullekhanIya hai, jo eka saMgha kI pramukhA arthAt prAcAryA thiiN|' unameM tirumale kurattI (tirumale jaina saMgha kI guruNI athavA prAcAryA) nAmaka aisI mahAna sAdhvI thI jo vizAla jaina saMgha kI prAcAryA thiiN| una AcAryA tirumala kurattI (gurupI) ke eka enADikuTTanana nAmaka sAdhu ziSya kA ullekha bhI tAmilanADa se prApta eka zilAlekha meM upalabdha hotA hai| ina zilAlekhoM meM se eka zilAlekha meM eka aisI tiruparattI kurattI nAmaka sAdhvI pramukhA kA ullekha bhI hai jo bhaTTAraka pada para AsIna paTTinI bhaTTAra nAmaka sAdhvI bhaTTAraka kI ziSyA thI / Agama sAhitya meM aura prArambha se lekara vartamAna kAla taka ke zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke prAgametara sAhitya meM eka bhI aisA udAharaNa upalabdha nahIM hotA, jisameM eka sAdhvI ko svatantra rUpa se sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa saMgha kI saMcAlikA, prAcArya-bhaTTAraka athavA guruNI ke pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA ho / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI saMghoM meM eka sAdhvI ko cAhe vaha kitanI bhI viduSI; vayovRddhA athavA jJAnavRddhA kyoM na ho; AcArya pada para adhiSThita nahIM kiyA jAtA / ina donoM saMghoM meM kahIM aisA vidhAna upalabdha nahIM hotA ki eka sAdhvI eka puruSa ko zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita kara use apanA ziSya banA sakatI ho| __ina zilAlekhoM se prAbhAsa hotA hai ki dakSiNApatha meM "strINAM tadabhave mokSaH" arthAta striyAM bhI puruSoM ke samAna usI bhava meM mokSa pA sakatI haiM".-isa bAta para vizeSa bala dene vAle, isa bAta kA dakSiNApatha meM prabala pracAra karane vAle yApanIya saMgha kA karNATaka prAnta ke samAna tAmilanADu meM bhI prAbalya rahA ho aura sAdhvI prAcAryoM dvArA saMcAlita ve saMgha yApanIya saMgha ke abhinna aMga rahe hoN| isa viSaya meM gahana zodha kI AvazyakatA hai / viSayAntara ke bhaya se yahA~ isa viSaya para vizeSa na kaha kara yApanIya saMgha viSayaka agale adhyAya meM vistAra se prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| isa zilAlekha meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki isa mandira ko jo dAna diyA gayA, vaha karAr3a ke zilAhAra vaMzoya do rAjakumAroM-mahAmaNDalezvara vallAla deva aura gaNDarAditya (guru paramparA mahimA meM gaNDAditya nAma diyA huA hai, jo chanda kI dRSTi se gaNDarAditya kA saMskRta rUpAntara pratIta hotA hai) dvArA diyA gayA / isa 9, South Indian Inscription Vol. V (Inscription No. 319, 322, 323). 2. , . , No. 370. h , No. 372. Page #227 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 166 zilAlekha meM mUla saMgha ke "punnAgavRkSamUlagaraNa" kA ullekha vastutaH aitihAsika dRSTi se atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai / ' kyoM ki 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaraNa' kA sambandha sAmAnya rUpeNa aneka zilAlekhoM meM yApanIya saMgha ke sAtha upalabdha hotA hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki kolhApura sambhAga meM yApanIya saMgha bar3A lokapriya thA / . isa zilAlekha meM yadyapi kisI saMvat prathavA tithi zrAdi kA ullekha nahIM hai, tathApi purAtattvavid vidvAnoM ne ise I. san 1990 ke Asa-pAsa kA mAnA hai / (2) kuNDI prAnta ke teridAla nagara meM raTTa rAjavaMzIya mahAmANDalika go ne bhagavAn neminAtha ke mandira kA nirmAraNa karavAyA aura vahAM jaina sAdhunoM ke bhojana prAdi kI vyavasthA ke liye I. san 1923 - 24 ke Asa-pAsa eka bar3e bhU-bhAga kA dAna usa mandira ko diyA / yaha bhU-dAna mahAmANDalika goGka dvArA ravaMzIya rAjA kArttavIrya (dvitIya) kI vidyamAnatA meM diyA gayA aura isa avasara para prAcArya mAghanandi saiddhAMtika ko vizeSa rUpa se zrAmantrita kiyA gayA / ve mAghanandi zrAcArya kolhApura prAntIya muni saMgha ke adhiSThAtA maNDalAcArya maura kolhApura kI rUpanArAyaNa vasadi ke sarvesarvA maThAdhIza the / ve mUla saMgha kundakundAnvaya, dezigaraNa, pustaka gaccha ke AcArya aura kulacand deva ke ziSya the / una prAcArya mAghanandi kA ziSya saMgha suvizAla thA / bhUdAna viSayaka uparyukta zilAlekha meM mAghanandi ke ziSyoM meM se pramukha ziSyoM - kanakanandi, zrutakIrti traividya, candrakIrti paNDita, prabhAcandra paNDita aura varddhamAna ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai / prAcArya mAghanandi ke viSaya meM isa zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki ve mahAsAmanta nimbadeva ke dharmaguru the / mahAsAmanta nimbadeva ne apane svAmI gaNDarAditya ( gaNDAditya) ke eka viruda 'rUpanArAyaNa' nAma para 'rUpanArAyaNa' vasadi kA nirmAraNa karavAyA / mahArAjA gaNDarAditya ke aneka virudoM ( upAdhiyoM - upanAmoM) meM 'rUpanArAyaraNa' bhI eka lokaprasiddha viruda thA / isI zilAlekha ke nIce kAlAntara meM uTaMkita abhilekha ke anusAra isI mandira ke eka zilAlekha meM ullekha haiM ki goMka dvArA isa mandira ke nirmANa aura bhUdAna ke 60 varSa pazcAt arthAt I0 san 1982 ke Asa-pAsa vyApAriyoM ke 'ayyAvale pAMca sau' nAmaka mahAsaMgha ne vyApArI maNDiyoM meM isa mandira kI sthAyI Arthika vyavasthA ke nimitta eka prakAra kA dhArmika zulka lagA diyaa| I0 san 1987 meM mahAsenApati tejugI daNDanAyaka ke putra bhAI deva ne, jo ki kuNDI prAnta kA prazAsaka thA, isa mandira ko bhUmi aura bhavanoM kA dAna diyA / 2 1. Lbid, Vol. XI, pp. 1477 2. Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs by P. B. Desai, P. 119. Page #228 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 170 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 (3) kolhApura nagara ke zukravArI nagara dvAra ke nikaTastha pArzvanAtha mandira ke pAsa se upalabdha hue eka zilAlekha meM bhI kolhApura nareza gaNDarAditya, unake mahAsAmanta senApati nimbadeva aura inake dharmaguru AcArya mAghanandi kA ullekha hai| isa zilAlekha meM uTaMkita hai ki zilAhAra vaMzIya mahArAjA gaNDarAditya ke zAsanakAla meM unake mahAsAmanta nimbadeva ne kolhApura meM pahale 'rUpanArAyaNa' nAmaka jaina mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA / nimbadeva eka niSThAvAna jaina dharmAvalambI evaM jaina dharma ke niyamoM kA pAlana karane vAle agraNI zrAvaka the / jaina dharma ke prasAra evaM utkarSa ke liye nimbadeva ne apane dharmaniSTha jIvana ke prArambhika kAla meM sarvaprathama rUpanArAyaNa mandira aura tadanantara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke mandira kA nirmANa kavaDe gollA bAjAra meM karavAyA / 'ayyAvale pAMca sau' nAmaka eka vyApArika mahAsaMgha ne maNDiyoM meM kraya-vikraya para eka dhArmika zulka lagAkara usase hone vAlI sthAyI prAya kA isa mandira ko I0 san 1935 ke Asa-pAsa ke vikrama saMvat meM dAna diyaa| vyApAriyoM ke mahAsaMgha ne mandira kI sthAyI vyavasthA ke liye yaha dAna zrAcArya mAghanandi ke ziSya evaM rUpanArAyaNa vasadi ke maThAdhIza AcArya zrutakIrtitraivedya ko pradAna kiyA / ' yaha Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki kolhApura nareza mahArAja gaNDarAditya kI aneka upAdhiyoM meM se 'rUpanArAyaNa' bhI eka upAdhi thI aura isa prakAra nimbadeva ne apane svAmI rUpanArANa upAdhighara mahArAja gaNDarAditya ke nAma para rUpanArAyaNa vasadi kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| vartamAna kAla meM kolhApura ke zukravArI nAmaka praveza dvAra ke pAsa jo bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA mandira hai, vaha saMbhavataH nimbadeva dvArA nirmApita prAcIna mandira kA hI bhagnAvazeSa hai / zukravArI daravAje ke pAsa ke usI uparivartita sthAna se eka aura dUsarA zilAlekha upalabdha huA hai, jisameM ullekha hai ki I0 san 1943 meM hAvira halige meM mAghanandi ke ziSya vAsudeva ne pArzvanAtha ke mandira kI AdhArazilA rakhI aura isa mandira ke lie karAr3a ke zilAhAra vaMza ke kolhApura nareza gaNDarAditya ke putra ne dhanarAzi pradAna kI / 2 ( 4 ) zilAhAra vaMzIya kolhApura nareza gaNDarAditya ke putra mahArAjA . vijayAditya ne I0 san 1950 meM maDalUra sthita pArzvanAtha mandira ke jIrNoddhAra evaM usakI dainika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye bhUkhaNDa evaM bhavanoM kA dAna epigrAphikA iNDikA, XIX pRSTha 30ff. * Ibid Vol. III pp 207 ff. Jainism in South India & Some Jaina Epigraphs, by P. B. Desai page 120 ke AdhAra para - sampAdaka 1 Page #229 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 171 diyaa| isa prakAra kA ullekha kAgala kSetra ke bAmanI grAma se prApta hae zilAlekha meM hai| isa zilAlekha ke anusAra vijayAditya ne yaha dAna AcArya mAghanandi ke eka vidvAn ziSya arhannandi siddhAnta deva ko diyaa|' (5) kolhApura nagara ke zukravAra nagara dvAra ke pAsa jaina mandira ke eka zilAlekha saM0 320 aura kAgala nagara ke samIpastha bAmaNI gA~va ke jaina mandira ke daravAje para avasthita zilAlekha saM0 334 meM zilAhAra vaMzIya rAjAoM kI vaMzAvali ullikhita hai| usakA krama isa prakAra hai :-- (1) zIlahAra mahAkSatriya jatiga, (2) goMkala, (3) mArasiMha, (4) gUvala-gaMgadeva, ballAla deva, aoja deva, (5) gaNDarAditya, (6) vijayAditya / ina lekhoM meM zilAhAra rAjAoM ko jImUtavAhana kA vaMzaja batAyA gayA hai aura kSullakapUra kA ullekha hai| ye donoM zilAlekha kramaza: zaka saM. 1065 (I0 san 1143) aura 1073 (I0 san 1151) ke haiN|' (6) kolhApura ke, vibhinna zilAlekhoM meM kolhApura, kolagira aura kSullakapura ye 4 nAma uTaiMkita milate haiM / kolhApura kA kSullakapura nAma isa nagara meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva kI usa apane Apa meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA ko mahatva dete hue hI rakhA gayA pratIta hotA hai, jisakA ki ullekha mekenjo ke saMgraha meM upalabdha "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" nAma kI hastalikhita pustaka meM vidyamAna hai, jo abhI taka prakAza meM nahIM AI hai| bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAdurbhAva para prakAza DAlane vAlI usa aitihAsika ghaTanA kA vivaraNa Upara prastuta kara diyA. gayA hai ki prAcArya mAghanandi, kolhApura napati gaNDarAditya aura unake mahAsAmanta senApati nimbadeva kI abhisandhi se prAcArya mAghanandi ko 770 (sAta sau sattara) kulIna, kuzAgrabaddhi, svastha, sundara evaM sazakta kizora, ziSyoM ke rUpa meM mile / siddhAntoM evaM sabhI vidyAoM kA zikSaNa dene se pUrva hI AcArya mAghanandi ne apane una 770 ziSyoM ko bhAvanirgrantha dIkSA dete samaya kahA thA : gaNDAditya narAdhIza ! zRNu sarve'pi bAlakAH / ime dIkSAM hi gRhaNanti, mahadbhiH puruSa tAm / / 175 / / kva mahAvratametaddhi, suvirakti prabodhitaH / mahAdhIrai taM kvaite, bAlakA: bala varjitAH / / 176 // tathApi dIyate deza-kAla zakta yanusArataH / . zaktitastapa ityetatsarvasiddhAnta sammatam // 177 / / eteSAM bhAva nairgranthyameva zakti pracoditam / ati bAlA ime yasmAnna dravyagamudIritam / / 178 / / 1 epigrAphikA iNDikA, volyUma III, pRSTha 211 epha epha 2 jaina zilAlekha maMgraha bhAga 3, lekha maM0 320 aura 324, pRSTha 53-56 aura 65-68 Page #230 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 172 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sauvarNaM rAjataM lauhamayaM vetrAnvitaM ca vaa| mataM valayapicchaM hi, yathA yogyaM na cAnyathA // 176 / / yasmAdime vismaranti, lIlAsaMkalpa coditAH / vetra daNDAnvitaM picchaM, tasmAttadvalayAnvitam / / 180 / / sonA, cAMdI aura lohe ke valaya se veSTita vetradaNDa yukta piccha hAtha meM liye aura vastra dhAraNa kiye hue bhAva -nirgrantha zramaNadharma meM dIkSita eka sAtha 770 muniyoM ke vizAla janasamUha ko kolhApura meM dekhakara harSavibhora upasthita janasamUha ne avazyameva kahA hogA-"aho ! Aja to yaha kolhApura vastutaH kSullakapura bana gayA hai| zilAlekhoM meM kSullakapura ke nAma se kolhApura ke ullekha se bhI "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" nAmaka pustaka kI prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai / uparivariNata zilAlekhoM meM prAcArya kulacandra ke ziSya AcArya mAghanandi, mahArAjA gaNDAditya aura unake mahAsAmanta nimbadeva se sambandhita jo ullekha haiM, ThIka usI prakAra kA varNana "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" nAmaka aprakAzita evaM hastalikhita pustaka meM bhI vidyamAna hai| ina donoM meM paraspara kitanA sAmya hai, isakA vidvAn tulanAtmaka dRSTi se paryAlocana kara sakeM, isa abhiprAya se "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" nAmaka pustaka meM ullikhita etadviSayaka zloka yahAM uddhata kiye jA rahe haiM: kulabhUSaNa yogIndraH sadharmA samprakIrtitAH / ete hi tasya paTTe'bhUta kulacandro munIzvaraH // 66 // tasya. paTTe hi saMjAto, mAghanandIti vizru taH / jainasiddhAnta cakrezaH, kollApura munIzvaraH // 10 // trigupti bhUSitaH so'pi, sakalAcAra saMyutaH / sarvatantra svatantrAtmA, naimittikavidhau vidhiH // 101 / / tasminkollApure sarva * bhUmIzvaranatakramaH / vIracar3AmaNi ti, gaNDAdityo narezvaraH / / 102 / / tasya senApati: puNya mUrtiH kIrti vibhAsuraH / zrI nimbadeva sAmanto, vIra sImantinIpatiH / / 106 // bhaTTAraka paramparA ke pIThAdhIza AcAryoM ke pAsa bhavya bhavana, bhRtya, bhUmi, cala-acala sampatti, vipula dhanarAzi, chatra, cAmara, siMhAsanAdi rAjacihnoM evaM zivikA Adi rakhane kA bhI prAvadhAna prAcArya mAghanandi ne rkhaa| yathA :-- tadarthaM rAjacihna zca, bhAvyaM bhRtyairdhanairapi / prAcAryasya hi tatsarvaM, tvatsahAyena nAnyathA / / 205 / / Page #231 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] tadAkhilAdi zAstrajJa, siMhanandi munIzvaram / samAhUyAtha paTTAbhiSekaM kRtvA tataH param // 210 // pradatvA zibikAcchatra, cAmarAdi paricchadAn / datvA ratnamayaM picchaM-cAmare ca tathAvidhe // 211 / / kArayitvA pure nAnA vAdyestasya prabhAvanAma / sarvAdhikAra padavIM, datvaivAti prabhAvataH // 212 / / tathA dezAntara sthAnAM, narendrANAM ca lekhanam / bhinnasaMghAdhinAthAnAmapi preSitavAnmudA // 213 / / prAcArya mAghanandi kitane pratApI, yazasvI, lokapriya evaM kuzala prabhAvaka prAcArya the, isa sambandha meM yazasvI agragaNya purAtatvavid vidvAn sva0 zrI pI. bI. desAI aura "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" ke zatAbdiyoM pUrva hue racanAkAra bhaTTAraka cArukIrti (31veM) ke ullekhoM meM kitanA sAmya hai| yaha draSTavya evaM mananIya hai| sva0 zrI desAI ne apanI mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika kRti-Jainism In South India & Some Jaina Epigraphs' ke pRSTha 121 para likhA hai : Maghanandi of the Roopa Narayan temple of Kolhapur was an eminent personality in the history of Jaina church of this area, & he contributed immensely to the prosperity of the faith by his erudition & efficient administration of the ecclesiastical organisations under him & through the able band of his scholarly desciples, during his long regime of nearly three generations. aura cArukIti (31veM) ne apanI racanA "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" meM likhA hai : zrI mUlasaGghAcAryo'yamiti sarva prasiddhijam / tadAbhUnmAghanandyAryasyAsya nAma manoharam // 214 / / dharmAcArAya kRtavAnpaJcaviMzati pIThikAH / tattadyogyAnsthApayitvA, ziSyAnzAstravizAradAn / / 215 / / rAjataM pIThameteSAM pAduke daaruklpite| chatra cAmara zUnyaM tadrAjacihnamitIDitam // 216 / / prokta vA tahApayitvAtha, tAnAhaya muniishvrH| prAcArya sevakAH yUyamiti teSAM samabravIt / / 217 / / prAcArya mAghanandi ne yuvAvaya ke apane 770 ziSyoM ko siddhAMtoM ke sAtha sAtha vyAkaraNa, chandazAstra, jyotiSa Adi sabhI prakAra kI vidyAmoM kA ucca koTi Page #232 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 174 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kA prazikSaNa de kara bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM 25 bhaTTAraka pITha (prAcArya pITha) sthApita kara jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra aura bhaTrAraka paramparA ke vistAra ke liye deza ke kone-kone meM bhejaa| mAghanandi dvArA bar3e paimAne para kiye gaye usa dezavyApI sAmUhika abhiyAna ke pariNAmasvarUpa madhya yuga meM bhaTTAraka paramparA eka bahujana sammata sabala saMgaThana bana gaI aura deza ke prati vizAla bhU-bhAga para isakA ullekhanIya varcasva chA gyaa| itihAsa ke vidvAnoM, zodhAthiyoM evaM itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAloM ke liye yaha tathya cintanIya, mananIya, paryAlocanIya evaM pAlocanAtmaka tathA tulanAtmaka sUkSma dRSTi se vicAraNIya hai ki digambara paramparA ke paramparAgata zramaNAcAra hI nahIM apitu zramaNa veSa kA pUrNataH parityAga kara dene ke uparAnta bhI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke mUrdhanya AcAryoM, maNDalAcAryo, pIThAdhIzoM evaM sAdhuoM ne apanI paramparA ke nAma-mUla-saMgha, kauNDa-kauNDAnvaya (kunda-kundAnvaya), dezIgaraNa aura pustaka gaccha prAdi vahI rakhe jo digambara paramparA meM pracalita the| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA ke karNadhAroM ne pUrva se pracalita ina nAmoM ko apanAne meM yApanIya saMgha ke prAcAryoM evaM yApanIya saMgha ke bhaTTArakoM kA anusaraNa kiyA ho / yaha smaraNoya hai ki madhyayuga meM kauNDa-kuNDa sthAna yApanIyoM, bhaTTArakoM evaM digambaroM kA gar3ha rahA hai| digambara paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM aura yApanIya saMgha ke aneka gaNoM tathA gacchoM dvArA digambara saMgha ke garaNoM, gacchoM Adi ke nAma apanA liye jAne kA duSpariNAma yaha huA ki digambara, yApanIya aura bhaTTAraka-ina tInoM paramparAyoM ke madhya yugIna prAcAryoM, prAcArya paramparAmoM ko pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa se pahicAnanAchAMTanA, inakI paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM kI kramavaddha nAmAvali taiyAra karanA, prAja ke zodhAthiyoM ke lie prati dupkara hI nahIM apitu nitAnta asambhava kArya ho gayA hai| udAharaNa ke liye prAcArya mAghanandi kA nAma athavA inake dvArA abhinava rUpa meM saMsthApita bhaTTAraka parampaga ke kimI bhI prAcArya kA nAma le liyA jAya, ina saba ne apanI paramparA kA pahicAna-mUla magha, kundakundAnvaya, dezI gaga pAra pustaka gaccha ke nAma me dA hai| parantu kyA koI bhI itihAsa kA vidvAn ima paramparA ke prAcIna prAcAryoM aura grAcAyaM mAghanandi tathA unake dvArA sthApita bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAcAryoM ko eka hI paramparA ke prAcAya mAnane ko taiyAra hai ? kabhI niiN| isa bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne aura svayaM prAcArya mAghanandi ne mandiroM, vasadiyoM, maThoM Adi kA paurohitya kiyA, sAdhupA ke AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie, mandiroM, vasadiyoM ke nirmANa, punanirmAgA, jIdviAra athavA pUjA-arcA Adi kI vyavasthA ke liye grAma-dAna, bhUmi-dAna, dravya-dAna prAdi grahaNa kiye / ina prAcAryoM dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye grAma-dAna, bhUmi-dAna Adi dAna kA Page #233 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA / [ 175 prAcIna abhilekhA se vistRta vivaraNa taiyAra kiyA jAya to hajAroM pRSTha kI pustaka bhI aparyApta rahegI / isa prakAra dAna grahaNa karane vAle maThoM, mandiroM evaM vasadiyoM meM niyata nivAsa karane aura svarNa siMhAsana, chatra-cAmarAdi kA upabhoga karane vAle bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAcAryoM aura giri-guhAroM meM sAdhanApUrNa jIvana jIne vAle niSparigrahI AcAryoM ko eka hI paramparA kA mAnanA vastutaH una niSparigrahI prAcAryoM ke sAtha anyAya hogaa| prAcArya mAghanandi kA samaya upalabdha zilAlekhoM meM sarvaprathama prAcArya mAghanandi kA eka prakhyAta eva samartha maNDalAcArya ke rUpa meM sAMgalI kSetra ke teradAla nagara ke bhagavAn neminAtha ke mandira meM radravaMzIya mukhya mANDalika goMka dvArA diye gaye bhUmidAna ke zilAlekha meM aMkita hai| isa mandira ke nirmANa ke pazcAt isakI pratiSThA ke avasara para raTTavaMzIya rAjA kArtavIrya dvitIya aura kolhApura ke loka vizrata maNDalAcArya mAghanandi ko vizeSa rUpa se teradAla meM Amantrita kiyA gayA thA aura ve donoM hI ukta zilAlekha ke ullekhAnusAra usa pratiSThA-mahotsava ke samaya teradAla meM upasthita hue the| isa zilAlekha para varSa vikrama saM. 1180 tadanusAra I. san 1123-24 akita hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki prAcArya mAghanandi kI kIti IsA ko 12vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se pUrva 11vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM hI phaila cukI thii| usa samaya ve kolhApura kI rUpanArAyaNa vasadi ke adhiSThAtA aura kolhApura rAjya ke sAtha-sAtha usake pAsa-pAsa ke vizAla kSetra ke maNDalAcArya arthAt sattAsampanna prabhAvazAlI prAcArya the| rUpa nArAyaNa vasadi kA nirmANa kolhApura ke zilAhAra vaMzIya rAjA gaNDarAditya ke mahA sAmanta nimbadeva ne teradAla meM goMka dvArA nirmApita neminAtha ke mandira se paryApta samaya pUrva karavAyA thaa| rUpanArAyaNa vasadi ke nirmANa ke pazcAt nimbadeva ne kolhApura ke kavar3egollA bAjAra meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA mandira bhI banavAyA, isa prakAra kA ullekha kolhApura ke zukravArI daravAje ke pAsa mile eka zilAlekha meM hai| isa zilAlekha meM isa mandira kI sarvAMgINa muvyavasthA ke liye vyApAriyoM ke "ayyAvale 500" nAmaka mahAsaMgha ne apane vyApAra ko dainandina prAya ke graMza kA dAna vi. saM. 1162 meM sadA ke liye rUpanArAyaNa vasadi ke tatkAlIna adhiSThAtA AcArya zratakoti ko diyA joki maNDalAcArya mAghanandi ke ziSya the| uparyakta donoM zilAlekhoM kI tithiyoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karane para vikrama saM. 1180 taka prAcArya mAghanandi kI vidyamAnatA aura vi. saM. 1162 se pUrva unakA svargagamana anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai / __ kolhApura ke zilAhAravaMzIya mahArAjA gaNDarAditya aura unake mahAmAmanta menApati nimbadeva kA samaya bhI kolhApura evaM usake pAsa-pAsa ke teridAla Page #234 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 176 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 se upalabdha hae zilAlekhoM se IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa se I. san 1943 ke pahale taka kA anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki teridAla ke I. san 1.123-24 ke zilAlekha meM teridAla meM neminAtha-mandira kI pratiSThA ke avasara para mAdhanandi ke sAtha ina donoM kA ullekha hai / kolhApura ke zukravArI mukhyadvAra ke samIpa se upalabdha hue I. san 1143 ke zilAlekha meM dAnadAtA ke rUpa meM gaNDarAditya ke sthAna para usake putra mahArAjA vijayAditya kA ullekha hai / isase gaNDarAditya aura nimbadeva kA samaya I. san 1123 se 1143 ke bIca kA to pUrNarUpeNa sunizcita hI hai| . ina saba purAtAtvika sAkSyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para prAnumAnika rUpeNa yaha siddhaprAyaH ho jAtA hai ki prAcArya mAghanandi, mahArAjA gaNDarAditya aura mahAsAmanta nimbadeva kI abhisandhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa jina 770 kizoroM ko savastra zramaNa ke rUpa meM dIkSita kara unheM uccakoTi kA zikSaNa de, unameM se yogyatama muniyoM ko anukramaza: mukhya bhaTTAraka pITha tathA vibhinna pradezoM meM navasaMsthApita paccIsa (25) bhaTTAraka pIThoM ke bhaTTAraka pada para pratiSThita adhiSThita kiye jAne kI yaha prAtyantika aitihAsika mahattva kI ghaTanA IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa se bArahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka ke bIca ke kisI samaya meM ghaTita huii| ucca koTi kA prazikSaNa prApta kiye hue una 770 vidvAn evaM pUrNa yauvana sampanna zramaNoM ne bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM zaMkarAcArya ke pIThoM ke anurUpa abhinava rUpeNa saMsthApita paccIsa bhadrAraka pIThoM ke mAdhyama se jainadharma kA adamya utsAha aura pUre vega ke sAtha pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| ye bhaTrAraka pITha deza ke vibhinna pradezoM ke aise madhyavartI mahatvapUrNa sthAnoM meM saMsthApita kiye gaye, jahAM se usa pradeza kI cAroM dizAoM meM avasthita sabhI grAmoM evaM nagaroM meM dharma pracAra kArya kA sucAru rUpeNa saMcAlana-saMrakSaNa-saMvarddhana evaM nirIkSaNa kiyA jA sakatA thaa| una paccIsoM bhaTTAraka pIThoM ke pIThAdhIza bhaTTArakoM evaM unake pAjAnuvartI lagabhaga sAr3he sAta sau vidvAn evaM yuvaka zramaNoM ne una-una pradezoM ke rAjAoM, mAmantoM, rAjyAdhikAriyoM evaM zrImantoM ke sahayoga se atula utsAha evaM pragAr3ha naSThA ke sAtha jaina dharma kA evaM apanI sampradAya kA pracAra-prasAra prArambha kiyaa| una bhaTTArakoM aura unake adhInastha vizAla zramaNa samUha ke sAmUhika prayAsa evaM rAjyAzraya ke pariNAmasvarUpa prajA ke sabhI vargoM se prApta sahayoga kA drutagati se sA prabhAva hA ki IsA kI 12 vIM zatAbdI meM bhaTTAraka paramparA eka dezavyApI muhada dharmasaMgaThana ke rUpa meM ubhara aaii| rAjaparivAroM aura sabhI vargoM ke zrImantoM Page #235 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] / 177 ne grAmadAna, bhUmidAna, sampattidAna Adi ke rUpa meM una bhaTTArakoM, bhaTTAraka pIThoM, unake dvArA saMcAlita vidyAlayoM, saMsthAnoM Adi ko muktahasta se Arthika sahAyatA pradAna kii| rAjAoM ke samAna hI chatra, cAmara, siMhAsana, ratha, zivikA, dAsa, dAsI, bhUmi-bhavana Adi cala-acala sampatti aura vipula vaibhava ke dhanI bhaTTAraka apane-apane pITha se vidyA ke prasAra ke sAtha dhArmika zAsaka ke rUpa meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane lge| una bhaTrAraka pIThoM dvArA saMcAlita vidyApIThoM meM zikSA prApta snAtakoM ne dharma pracAra ke kSetra ke samAna hI sAhitya nirmANa ke kSetra meM bhI aneka ullekhanIya kArya kiye| jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa meM zramaNoM ke zAstrIya mUla vizuddha svarUpa meM vikRtiyoM ke sUtrapAtra ke lie uttaradAyI hote hue bhI bhaTTAraka paramparA dvArA kiye gaye ina saba kAryoM kA lekhA-jokhA karane ke pazcAt yadi yaha kahA jAya ki eka prakAra ke usa saMkrAntikAla meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ne jaina dharma ko eka jIvita dharma ke rUpa meM banAye rakhane meM bar3A hI zlAghanIya kArya kiyA, to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| bhaTTAraka paramparA-aneka paramparAmoM kA saMgama prArambhika madhya yuga meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke zvetAmbara (saMgha kI bhaTTAraka paramparA) aura digambara (saMgha kI paramparA) ye do bheda to spaSTataH parilakSita hote haiM / zvetAmbara saMgha kI bhaTTAraka paramparA kAlAntara meM zrIpUjya paramparA ke nAma se prasiddha ho gii| isa prakAra kevala digambara saMgha kI bhaTTAraka paramparA hI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke nAma se abhihita kiye jAne tathA usakA aura koI dUsarA bheda avaziSTa na raha jAne ke kAraNa kevala eka vahI bhaTTAraka paramparA digambara paramparA ke aMga ke rUpa meM samajhI jAne lgii| prasiddha vidvAn dalasukha bhAI mAlavariNayA kA mata hai ki zvetAmbaroM meM zrIpUjya kI apekSA yati paramparA kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI prAcIna zilAlekhoM se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki Aja bhaTTAraka paramparA kA rUpa hai, vaha vastutaH pUrvakAla meM samaya-samaya para caityavAsI, yApanIya, zvetAmbara aura digambara ina cAroM hI paramparAoM kI katipaya vibhinna mAnyatAoM kA nyUnAdhika saMgama rahA hai / caityavAsI paramparA kA prabhAva ---apane janmakAla meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ne caityavAsI paramparA kI prAyaH sabhI pramukha mAnyatAoM ko apanAyA / digambara paramparA dvArA sAdhu ke lie anivArya mAne gaye nagnatA ke siddhAnta kA parityAga kara caityavAsI paramparA ke samAna apanI paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke lie savastra rahanA Page #236 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 178 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 bhaTTAraka paramparA ne mAnya kiyA ugra vihAra ke sthAna para maThoM, vasadiyoM meM niyata nivAsa, aparigraha ke sthAna para caityoM kA svAmitva tathA sonA, cAMdI, dhana, dhAnya, grAma, bhUmi, bhavana Adi parigraha kA vipula saMgraha, ahiMsA mUlaka nirArambha ke sthAna para hiMsAmUlaka Arambha samArambha, caityanirmANa, AdhyAtmika bhAvabhakti ke sthAna para janma, jarA, mRtyu, kSudhA, tRSAvihIna, ajarAmara, niraMjana- nirAkAra, akSaya, avyAbAgha - ananta zAzvata sukha meM virAjamAna siddha-buddha- vItarAga jinendra prabhu kA pASANa, kASTha ghAtutroM kI mUrtiyoM meM AhvAna, unakA patra- puSpa-phala-toyadhUpa dIpa naivedya - ghaNTA ghaDiyAla se pUjana-arcana, unheM mevA miSTAnnAdi kA bhogasamarpaNa, bhikSATana ke sthAna para jitkSutpipAsa alakha - agocara prabhu ko bhoga lagAne ke nimitta mandiroM kI bhojanazAlAoM meM nirmita supakva - susvAdu SaDsa gariSTha bhojana se apane udara kA bharaNa-poSaNa Adi ye sabhI zramaNAcAra - virodhI zrAcaraNa evaM prADambarapUrNa dravya pUjA ke vidhi vidhAna bhaTTAraka paramparA ne caityavAsiyoM se grahaNa kiye| adhikAdhika logoM ko apanI paramparA kI ora prAkarSita karane ke uddezya se mandiroM meM vividha vAdyavRndoM kI sammohaka svara lahariyoM kI dhuna-tAna-tAla para saMgIta-saMkIrtana Adi ke prayojanoM ke pazcAt bar3I-bar3I prabhAvanAoM kA vitaraNa bhI bhaTTAraka paramparA ko caityavAsI paramparA kI ho daina thI / prativizAla bhavya jina mandiroM meM nitarAM manoraMjaka prayojanoM-prabhAvanAoM se AkarSita jaina prajainasabhI vargoM ke nara-nAriyoM kI, bhaktoM kI bhAva vibhora bhIr3a ko dekhakara harSAtireka se gadgad hue bhaTTArakoM ne una mandiroM kA nirmANa karAne vAle apane bhaktoM ko yaha kahanA bhI caityavAsI AcAryoM se hI sIkhA - " jina zAsana kI jar3eM pAtAla meM pahu~ca rahI haiM / na kevala jaina apitu jainoM ke janaugha bhI bhaktivazAt mantramugdha kI bhAMti udva elita sAgara kI uttAla taraMgoM ke samAna hamAre ina mandiroM, vasadiyoM, maThoM kI ora jinendra prabhu kI zaraNa meM khiMce cale A rahe haiN| inakA nirmANa karavAkara Apa logoM ne pragAdha puNya kA saMcaya kara liyA hai, akSaya kIrti arjita kara lI hai / aba svarga ke kapATa to Apa logoM ke hitArtha sadA-sarvadA ke lie khula hI gaye haiN| yadi Apa loga isI prakAra adhikAdhika mandiroM, vasadiyoM, tIrthoM kA nirmANa karavAte rahe, inheM mukta hasta ho dAna dete rahe to sunizcita rUpeNa mukti ke sannikaTa pahu~cate jAnoge aura antatogatvA eka na eka dina bar3e-bar3e yogiyoM ke lie bhI durlabha mukti-sAmrAjya ke svAmI sahaja hI bana jAoge / " vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM aura usake Asa-pAsa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati vizAla evaM sudRr3ha dharma saMgha ke zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya ( yApulIya athavA - gopya ) - ina tIna bhinna-bhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta ho jAne aura caityavAsI paramparA ke janma ( vIra ni0 saM0 840 ) ke pazcAt bhI lagabhaga Der3ha sau varSa ( vIra ni0 saM0 1000) taka vibhinna ikAiyoM ke rUpa meM gaThita hue tInoM saMghoM ke adhikAMza zramaNoM ne apanI-apanI paramparA dvArA yatkiMcit vaibhinya ke sAtha nirdhArita sAdhuveSa Page #237 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA / [ 176 aura mUla zramaNAcAra meM koI vizeSa athavA AmUlacUla parivartana nahIM kiyaa| apane apane paramparAgata veza evaM zramaNAcAra ko sAdhAraNa hera-phera ke sAtha apanAye rkhaa| ( vIra ni0 saM0 1000 ke uttaravartI kAla meM pUrvajJAna jaise viziSTa jJAna se sampanna AcAryoM ke na rahane ke kAraNa caityavAsiyoM kA janasAdhAraNa para prabhAva dra ta vega se bar3hane lgaa| caitya vAsiyoM dvArA apanAye gaye cittAkarSaka evaM ADambarapUrNa vidhi-vidhAnoM-taura-tarIkoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa caityavAsI paramparA lokapriya hotI huI jana-jana ke mAnasa para chAne lgii| zvetAmbara digambara aura yApanIya-ina tInoM saMghoM ke bahusaMkhyaka anuyAyiyoM kA jhukAva caityavAsI paramparA kI ora uttarottara bar3hate rahane ke phalasvarUpa ina tInoM paramparAoM ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA kSINa hone ke sAtha-sAtha naye dIkSArthiyoM ke na milane ke kAraNa sAdhanoM aura sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA bhI kSINa hone lgii| isase ina tInoM paramparAoM ke karNadhAra AcAryoM ko apanI-apanI paramparA ke vilupta ho jAne kI AzaMkA huii| gahana cintana-manana aura vicAra-vinimaya ke pazcAt unhoMne apanI-apanI paramparA ke astitva ko banAye rakhane ke liye usa samaya ke loka pravAha aura badale hue samaya kI mAMga ko dRSTigata rakhate hue caityavAsI paramparA ke aneka kArya-kalApoM dravyArcanA ke vidhi-vidhAnoM, taura-tarIkoM Adi ko katipaya navInatAoM ke sAtha apanAte hue apane veza evaM zramaNAcAra meM bhI AmUla-cUla parivartana kara diyaa| isa prakAra bhaTTAraka paramparA para caityavAsI paramparA kA paryApta prabhAva pdd'aa| bhaTTAraka paramparA para yApanIya paramparA kA prabhAva prAcIna abhilekhoM ke gambhIratApUrvaka paryAlocana se bhaTTAraka paramparA para yApanIya paramparA ke prabhAva ke aneka aise AzcaryakArI tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM, jinakI ora purAtatvavidoM kA dhyAna adyAvadhi AkarSita nahIM ho pAyA hai| unameM se katipaya tathyoM para yahAM prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jAyagA (1)(sabase pahalA AzcaryakArI tathya to yaha hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA kA pramukha pITha athavA siMhAsana pITha zravaNa belgola bhI sarvaprathama yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya nemicandra ke dvArA saMsthApita kiyA gayA aura saMsAra prasiddha bAhubalI gommaTezvara kI vizAla mUrti kI pratiSThA bhI inhIM yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya nemicandra ne gaMga rAjavaMza ke mahApratApI rAjA rAcamalla caturtha ke senApati evaM mahAmantrI jAmuNDa rAya ke dvArA krvaayii| prAcArya nemicandra mahAmantrI cAmuNDarAya ke guru gommaTasAra ke racayitA aura yApanIya paramparA ke kAragaragaNa ke meSapASANa gaccha ke prAcArya the| Page #238 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 180 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ajita tIrthaMkara purANa tilakam ke racayitA mahAkavi ranna (I0 san 663) ne apanI isa mahAn kRti ke bArahaveM adhyAya ke padya saMkhyA 21 meM prAcArya nemicandra kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai : "zrI nemicandra munigala krANUragaNa tilakaravara ziSyara sadvidyA nilayaNa tAnodise kusalanAdana aNNigadevam / " kannar3a bhASA ke mahAkavi ranna ke isa ullekha kI puSTi kallUraguDu-zimogA paraganA ke siddha zvara mandira kI pUrva dizA meM par3e eka zilAlekha se bhI hotI hai ki meSa pASANa gaccha, krANuragaNa kA hI gaccha thaa| isa zilA lekha meM krANUragaNa ke AcArya siMhanandi ko jaina dharma ke kaTTara anuyAyI-prabala poSaka evaM prArambha se anta taka jaina dharma kA pAlana karane vAle, jaina dharma ko pUrNarUpeNa saMrakSaNa dene vAle gaMga rAjavaMza kA saMsthApaka batAte hue kAragaragaraNa meSapASANa gaccha ke 13 prAcAryoM kI paTTAvalI bhI dI gaI hai| IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI se dazavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka saMgaThita, prabhAvazAlI aura rAjyamAnya rahe yApanIya saMgha ko kadamba, cAlukya, gaMga, rASTrakUTa, raTTa Adi rAjAoM kA rAjyAzraya prApta rhaa| kAragaragaraNa yApanIya saMgha kA hI gaNa thaa| isake meSa pASANa gaccha aura tintriNIka gaccha-ye do gaccha bar3e hI prasiddha gaccha the| yApanIya saMgha ke zrImUla mUlagaNa, punAga vRkSa mUlagaraNa, kanakopalagaNa, kumudI (kaumudI) gaNa, sUrasthagaraNa, maDuva athavA koTi maDuva gaNa, vaNDiyUragaNa Adi aneka gaNa the / yApanIya saMgha ke ina gaNoM aura gacchoM ke aneka zilAlekha sthAna-sthAna para upalabdha hote haiN| aisI sthiti meM krANUra gaNa ko yApanIya saMgha kA garaNa mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI zaMkA ke lie koI avakAza hI nahIM raha jaataa| digambara paramparA ke zodhapriya vidvAn zrI gulAbacandra caudharI ne kAragara garaNa ko yApanIya saMgha kA garaNa siddha karate hue apanA abhimata vyakta kiyA hai :meSa pASANa kA artha hai meSoM ke baiThane kA paassaann| ....... tintriNIka eka vRkSa kA nAma hai| ye pASANAnta aura vRkSaparaka nAma isa gaNa ke yApanIya saMgha ke sAtha pUrva sambandha kI smRti dilAte haiM / 1 lekha saMkhyA 277, jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 pRSTha 408-426 .2 lekha saMkhyA 216, 267, 277, 260, 353-krANara gaNa kA meSa pASANa gaccha, lekha saMkhyA 206, 263, 313, 377, 500, 386, 408, 431, 456, 582 --jaina zilAlekha saMgraha 3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3 ko prastAvanA. pRSTha 56. Page #239 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 181 ___ jaina itihAsa ke vidvAn evaM karNATaka ke yazasvI purAtatvajJa sva. zrI pI. vI. desAI ne bhI punnAgavRkSa mUla gaNa, kumudI gaNa, kaNDUra gaNa aura kAreya gaNaina gaNoM ko yApanIya saMgha kA hI mAnA hai|' ina aitihAsika sAkSyoM se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki krANUra gaNa (kAraNUragaNa kaNDaragaNa) yApanIya saMgha kA gaNa thA aura cAmuNDa rAya ke guru prAcArya nemi candra mUlataH krANUra gaNa ke prAcArya the| prAcArya nemicandra gaMgavaMzI mahArAjA rAcamalla ke mahAmantrI evaM senApati cAmuNDarAya ke guru the, dakSiNa madurA se cAmuNDarAya apane guru ke sAtha bAhubalI kI prAcIna mUrti ke darzana ke lie prasthita hue| zravaNa belgula meM unhoMne bAhubalI kI mUrti ke sambandha meM svapna dekhA / prAtaHkAla apane guru AcArya nemicandra ke sAtha parAmarza kara unake nirdezAnusAra saba kArya sampanna kara bAhabalI (gommaTezvara) ko prakaTa karane meM samartha hue| usake pazcAt AcArya nemicandra ne gommaTasAra kI racanA kI aura cAmuNDarAya ne unheM zravaNa belgola ke mukhya pITha kA pIThAdhIza banAyAina saba bAtoM kA ullekha prAcIna tADapatrIya granthoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai / usake kucha aMza isa prakAra haiM tacchiSyo nemicandrAryaH, sidAntAmbhodhi paargH.| yena sambodhitaH kSipra, cAmuNDa: pRthivIpatiH // 226 / / nemicandra munIndraraNa, sAkamukta vA mahIpatiH // 237 / / tadanujJAM parigrAhya, dRSTvAbANa pryogtH| gomaTAdhIzvaraM prAjJaH, pUjayAmAsa taM jinam / / 238 / / cAmuNDAdhyayanArtha hi, tatra belgula pattane / sAraM saMgRhya siddhAMtAnnemicandro mahAmuniH / / 236 / / sAratrayamitikhyAtaM, kRtavAnzAstramuttamam / tadgomaTa trilokodya, labdhisAra samAhvayam // 240 / / tad belgula mahAsiMhAsanAsIno munIzvaraH / nemicandrAkhyasiddhAnta devo guNanidhibaMbho // 24 // SaNnavatyanvitaM bhaktyA, sahasra lakSapUrvakam / rAjyaM cAmuNDa bhUpAlo, gomaTezasya saMdadau // 246 // belgulAkhyaM mahAtIrtha, vardhayanmunipuMgavaH / nemicandrAkhya siddhAnta devaH saMtoSataH sthitaH // 253 // ' Jainisni in South India & Some Jaina Epigraphs, pages 99, 142, 143 etc. jainAcArya paramparA mahimA (praprakAzita) hastalikhita prati, "prAcArya zrI vinaya caMdra bhAna bhaNDAra, zodha pratiSThAna, lAla bhavana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura 3. Page #240 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 182 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 bhaTTAraka paramparA ke abhinava rUpa se udbhava, utkarSa Adi ke sambandha meM pUrNa prakAza DAlane vAle" jainAcArya - paramparA mahimA" nAmaka hAla hI meM prakAza meM prAye grantha ke uparyuddhata uddharaNoM se nirvivAda rUpeNa yaha siddha hotA hai ki gomaTezvara (bAhubalI) kI AzcaryakArI mUrti ke nirmApayitA evaM pratiSThApaka cAmuNDa rAya ke guru prAcArya nemicandra belgula bhaTTAraka pITha ke zrAcArya rahe, unhoMne zravaNa gula tIrtha ko loka prasiddha banAyA / 'ajita tIrthakara purAraNa tilakam' ke racanAkAra kannar3a bhASA ke mahAkavi rana ke ullekhAnusAra prAcArya nemicandra kAraNUra garaNa ke AcArya the / kAraNUra gaNa vastutaH yApanIya paramparA kA, yApanIya saMgha kA garaNa thA, yaha bhI uparyullikhita prAcIna aitihAsika sAkSyoM se siddha ho cukA hai / ina saba pramAraNoM se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA eka samaya yApanIya paramparA ke zrAcAryoM ke saMcAlana meM bhI rahI aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa yApanIya paramparA kA prabhAva bhI bhaTTAraka paramparA para rahA / 2. yahAM aitihAsika dRSTi se prAtyantika mahatva kA tathya bhI pratyeka manISI ke lie mananIya hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke janma kAla se lekara yapanIya paramparA ke utkarSa kAla taka vibhinna jaina saMghoM dvArA kevala tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM kA hI nirmANa karavAyA jAtA rahA / tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake yakSa- yakSaNiyoM kI mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke mandiroM meM kI jAne lagI / tIrtha karoM ke atirikta anya muktAtmAoM athavA deva deviyoM ke pRthak rUpa se mandira banAne kI athavA unakI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThApanA kI paramparA nahIM rahI / yApanIya paramparA ke utkarSa kAla meM jvAlAmAlini, padmAvatI Adi deviyoM kI pRthak rUpeNa mUrtiyAM banAI jAne lagIM, unake pRthak (svatantra) mandiroM kA nirmANa bhI prArambha huA / isa tathya ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vicAra karane para isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki zravaraNa belgula meM bAhubalI kI mUrti ko pratiSThApanA meM yApanIya paramparA kA bhI prabhAva rahA hai / ' maTTAraka pada para sAdhviyAM tIrtha karoM dvArA tIrtha-pravartana kAla se lekara jaina-dharma saMgha ke zvetAmbara aura digambara ina do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjana ke samaya taka aura isa prakAra ke vibhAjana ke Since a temple had been dedicated in honour of this deity ir this tract and provision made for her worship. The preceptors of the Yapaniya sect seem to have played a substantial role in the spread. of the Jvalini Cult. .... We may recall here the teachers of the Yapaniya order is the Sedan and Navalgund areas; who were versed in the occult lore and votaries of the deity Jvalamalini. -Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs -by P. B. Desai Page 173 Page #241 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 183 pazcAt bhI donoM dharma saMghoM meM Aja taka eka bhI aisA udAharaNa upalabdha nahIM hotA ki sAdhviyoM kA koI svatantra saMgha rahA ho| kiso sAdhvI ko kabhI sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpI sampUrNa saMgha ke sarvocca pada-prAcArya pada para athavA bhaTTAraka pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA ho-isa prakAra kA bhI koI udAharaNa nahIM miltaa| na isa prakAra kA hI koI udAharaNa milatA hai ki ina donoM paramparAmoM meM kisI sAdhvI athavA sAdhvI pramukhA ne kisI puruSa ko sAdhu dharma meM dIkSita kara apanA ziSya banAyA ho / tIrtha pravartana kAla se lekara Aja taka yahI paramparA calI mA rahI hai ki caturvidha saMgha sAdhu varga meM se hI kisI yogyatama sAdhu ko prAcArya pada para AsIna karatA hai aura usa paramparA ke sabhI sAdhu aura sabhI sAdhviyAM saMgha dvArA niyukta kiye gaye prAcArya ke adhIna rahatI haiN| sAdhuvarga aura sAdhvI varga ke liye usa prAcArya kI prAjJA sarvopari aura sadA zirodhArya rahatI hai| kintu sundara pANDya se pUrva madurA ke pANDya zAsana kAla aura usake pUrva tathA uttaravartI kAla ke zilAlekhoM meM sAdhviyoM ke svatantra saMgha, bhaTTAraka sAdhviyoM, paTTinI kurattiyAra (paTTadhara athavA prAcArya guruNI), tirumale kurattI (guruNI) ke ullekha dekha kara aura unake sAdhu ziSyoM ko dekha kara Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rhtaa| unameM se kucha kA ullekha yahAM kiyA jA rahA hai 1. South Indian Inscriptions Vol.v ke lekha saM. 370 meM tirumale kurattI (tirumale ke jaina saMgha ko guruNI) kA aura usake eka enADi kuTTanana nAmaka puruSa sAdhu kA ullekha hai| isa lekha se yaha tathya prakAza meM prAtA hai ki tirumala ko vaha guruNI eka svatantra caturvidha saMgha kI pradhiSThAtA prAcAryA athavA bhaTTArikA thIM aura unake zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke saMgha meM sAdhu (puruSa sAdhu) bhI ziSya rUpa meM unake prAjJAnuvartI the| 2. isI jilda ke lekha saMkhyA 372 meM tiruparattI kurattI kA ullekha hai jo paTTinI bhaTTAra (pramukha strI bhaTTArikA) kI ziSyA thii| 3. isI volyUma ke lekha saM. 322-323 meM saMga kurattigala (saMgha guruNI) kA aura usakI sAdhvI ziSyA ziriviSaya kuruttiyAra kA ullekha hai / vaha eka svatantra saMgha kI prAcAryA, adhiSThAtrI athavA adhyakSA thiiN| 4. lekha saM. (isI volyUma ke) 355-56 meM nAlakUra amalanemI (sAdhvI) maTTAra kI ziSyA nAlakUra kurattI (guruNI bhaTTAra) kA aura usakI eka ziSyA nATTikappaTArAra (nATyaka bhaTTAra) kA ullekha hai| 5. lekha saM. 324-326 meM tirucAraNattu kurattigala (zrI cAraNa parvata kI pUjya adhyakSA guruNI) kA ullekha hai| Page #242 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 184 | [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 6. lekha saM. 371 meM mammai kuratti aura usakI sAdhvI ziSyA araTTanemi kuratI kA ullekha hai / 7. lekha saM. 364 meM milUra kuratti kA ullekha hai, jo ki pairUra kuratti ( pairUra kI guruNI prAcAryA) prathavA bhaTTArikA kI ziSyA aura karaikAna nADu sthita piDA kuDI nivAsI migaikumAna kI putrI thI / 8. tirucAraNam parvata kI paTTinI bhaTTAra ke ziSya varguNa dvArA eka. zilAcitra uTTakita karane kA tirucAraNAra parvata ke guhAcitroM meM eka ullekha vidyamAna hai / ina saba zilAlekhoM evaM guhAcitroM prAdi se eka pratyanta bhAzcaryakArI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki tAmilanADu meM - sudUra dakSiNa meM prAcIna kAla meM jainoM ke sudRr3ha kendra the aura sAdhviyoM ke aise svatantra saMgha the jinakI bhaTTAraka, AcAryaM prathavA sarvasattA sampanna saMcAlikAeM sAdhviyAM hI thIM / ye sAdhviyoM ke saMgha zvetAmbara athavA digambara paramparA ke hoM yaha to kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI kyoMki ina donoM saMghoM meM paramparA se, prArambha kAla se lekara vartamAna kAla taka sAdhviyoM ke samUhoM ko sAdhu prAcAryoM ke hI adhIna rakhA jAtA rahA hai / ina donoM saMghoM meM sAdhviyoM ko AcArya pada para adhiSThita karane prathavA bhaTTArikA pada pradAna karane kI kisI bhI kAla meM paramparA nahIM rahI / ina donoM saMghoM ke samagra grAgamika evaM bhAgametara sAhitya ke prAloDana para bhI isa prakAra kA kahIM koI udAharaNa upalabdha nahIM hotA, jahAM kisI sAdhvI ko aise sarvAdhikAra sampanna evaM svatantra prAdhikArika padoM para AsIna kiyA gayA ho / ina saba tathyoM para taTastha dRSTi se vicAra karane para pratyeka manISI isI niSkarSa para pahu~cegA ki uparivariNata bhaTTArikAeM, paTTiniyA~, kurattiyA~, saMgha saMcAlikAeM - sAdhvI mukhyAeM zvetAmbara maura digambara ina donoM hI saMghoM se bhinna kisI anya hI jaina saMgha kI zramaNI pramukhAeM hoMgIM / sampUrNa jaina vAGamaya ke prAloDana evaM nididhyAsana se hama isI niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki striyoM ko puruSoM ke samAna isa prakAra kA sAdhikAra sammAna dene vAlA anya koI dharmasaMgha nahIM apitu yApanIya saMgha hI ho sakatA hai aura ve bhaTTArikAeM paTTiniyA~, jinakA ki ullekha uparyullikhita zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, yApanIya saMgha kI prathavA yApanIya saMgha ke dvArA protsAhita sAdhvI samUha kI hI ho sakatI haiM / karNATaka kA itihAsa sAkSI hai ki yApanIya saMgha ne striyoM ko sarvAdhika protsAhana diyA / dakSiraNApatha meM digambara saMgha kA usI prakAra kA varcasva rahA jisa prakAra kA ki uttarApatha meM zvetAmbara saMgha kA rahA / digambara saMgha ne Page #243 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 185 apanI isa mAnyatA kA dakSiNa meM pracAra kiyA-"strINAM na tadbhave mokSaH" arthAt striyAM apane usI bhava meM mokSa prApta nahIM kara sktiiN| isake viparIta yApanIya saMgha ne zvetAmbara saMgha kI "strINAM tadbhave mokSaH" arthAt striyoM kI usI bhava meM janma-jarA-mRtyu se, sadA sarvadA ke lie mukti ho sakatI hai, isa mAnyatA ke pracAra ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhviyoM ko sAdhuoM ke samAna adhikAra dene meM zvetAmbara saMgha ko bhI pIche chor3a diyaa| yApanIya saMgha ne sAdhviyoM ko bhI sAdhuoM ke ho samAna svatantra rUpa se saMgha saMcAlana kA, nara-nArI varga ko samAna rUpa se apanA gahastha ziSya ke rUpa meM anuyAyI banAne tathA strI evaM puruSoM ko samAna rUpa se zramaNadharma meM dIkSita kara apanA ziSya banAne kA adhikAra diyaa| unhoMne jaina saMgha ke aneka kaThora niyamoM ko sarala banA udAra nIti kA avalambana lete hue deza-kAla aura mAnava-manovRtti kI badalI haI paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa niyama bnaaye| unhoMne zvetAmbara saMgha kI mAnyatA ke anurUpa "strINAM tadbhave mokSaH" ke samAna hI "sagranthAnAM mokSaH" arthAt savastra rahate hue bhI sAdhaka mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai aura "parazAsane mokSaH" arthAt -jainetara dharma kA anuyAyI bhI mokSa kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai-ina mAnyatAoM kA pracAra kiyaa| __ yApanIya prAcAryoM ne isa gUr3ha rahasya ko bhalIbhAMti pahacA liyA thA ki yadi striyoM kI dhArmika bhAvanAmoM ko, AdhyAtmika bhAvanAoM ko ubhAra kara unheM protsAhita kiyA jAya to ve puruSoM kI apekSA kaI gunA adhika dharma pracAra kara sakatI haiM / yApanIya saMgha ke prAcAryoM dvArA striyoM kA isa prakAra sammAna bar3hAyA gayA, striyoM kI dhArmika bhAvanAoM ko ubhAra kara unheM protsAhita kiyA gayA aura isa sabake sAtha hI sAtha kaTTaratA kA parityAga kara dharma sambandhI niyamoM meM udAratA ke sAtha saralIkaraNa kiyA gyaa| una saba kA pariNAma yaha huA ki madhya yuga meM jainadharma karNATaka pradeza kA bahujana sammata pradhAna dharma bana gyaa| jaina dharma ke digambara Adi saba saMghoM se yApanIya saMgha adhika zaktizAlI, adhika lokapriya bana gyaa| karNATaka meM jaina dharma kI gaharI nIMva laga gii| karNATaka prAnta meM cAroM pora ghara-ghara grAma-grAma aura nagara-nagara meM jaina dharma kA varcasva dRSTi-gocara hone lgaa| tAmilanADu ke madurA tirucAraNam mala Adi kSatroM meM jo bhaTTArikAoM, paTTiniyoM, kurattiyoM Adi ke ullekha uparicarcita zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiM, unase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM tAmilanADu meM bhI yApanIya saMgha bar3A lokapriya saMgha rahA thaa| yadyapi isakA koI Thosa pramANa to upalabdha nahIM hotA kintu tAmilanADu meM sAdhviyoM ke dvArA svatantra rUpa se saMcAlita saMghoM ke astitva ke ullekhoM se yahI anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki karNATaka ke samAna tAmilanAr3a meM bhI yApanIyoM kA sunizcita rUpa se bar3A prabhAva rahA hogaa| digambara saMgha ne Page #244 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 186 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sAdhviyoM ko isa prakAra ke adhikAra diye hoM, isa bAta kI to kalpanA taka bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| ___ ina saba tathyoM se yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA para yApanIya saMgha kA na kevala prabhAva hI par3A kintu isa saMgha ne sAdhviyoM ko sAdhanoM ke samAna hI pUrNa adhikAroM ke sAtha bhaTTAraka pada para AsIna kara bhaTTAraka paramparA ko kisI samaya eka nayA mor3a bhI diyA / 3. bhaTTAraka paramparA para yApanIya saMgha ke prabhAva kA eka aura pramANa upalabdha hotA hai / vaha yaha hai ki timcAraNatthumale meM prAcIna kAla meM jaina saMgha kA vizvavidyAlaya thA, usa para prakAza DAlane vAle kalugumale se jo bar3I saMkhyA meM zilAlekha mile haiM, unameM eka sAdhvI bhaTTArikA kA ullekha hai ki usa bhaTTArikA ne usa vizvavidyAlaya meM jaina siddhAntoM kA uccakoTi kA prazikSaNa de vidvAn snAtakoM ko deza ke vibhinna prAntoM meM dharma ke pracAra ke liye bhejaa|' isa sandarbha meM DheroM (agaNita) zilAlekha zodhAthiyoM ke lie gahana zodha ke viSaya haiM, jinameM isa jaina vizvavidyAlaya se ucca saiddhAMtika zikSaNa prApta snAtakasnAtikAoM ke nAma aura sambhavataH unakI zaikSaNika yogyatA aMkita kI gaI hai| ina zilAlekhoM meM katipaya kurattigala (gurugiyoM arthAta sAdhviyoM) ke nAma bhI aMkita pratIta hote haiM / purAtatvavidoM evaM zodhapriya vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita karane ke uddezya se South Indian Inscriptions (Texts), Volume V meM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM saMgrahIta zilAlekhoM meM se tIna abhilekha yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM .. naM. 321 (A. R. No. 32 of 1894) In the same place 1. zrI miljhalurukku2. rattiyAra mAnA3. kkigrAra tirucA4. raNattha [paDei] gala 5. vitta tirumenI9. There is epigraphic evidence to show that there was a reputed Jaina University at Tiruchcharanathumalai. From the inscriptions found at Kalugumalai we find that a number of disciples trained by the priestess of this University went in different directions to preach Jain Dharma. -The Forgotten History of the Land's End by S. Padmanabhan Page #245 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ! / 187 naM. 324 (A. R. No. 35 of 1894) In the same place 1. zrI kottUra nAthu2. siru prollaghalI3. siddAiaMga koripAi 4. sAthi tirusAra na5. thuka kurattigala se6. vitta paDimam naM. 326 (A. R. No. 37 of 1894) In the same place 1. zrI kottUra nAttu pe2. romperU ra ku3. vyaMga kAmanai sAthi4. tirucara natthu5. ka kuruttigala ceI 6. tta paDimam uparyuddha ta abhilekhoM meM kuruttigala zabda ullikhita hai, usakA saMskRta prArUpa hai, "AdaraNIyA guruNI" aura "ceitta paDima" athavA "sevita paDima" zabda jaina AgamoM meM ullikhita "pratimAdhArI-arthAta sAdhaka kI vizeSa yogyatA 'pratimA' se sampanna / " dakSiNa bhArata ke abhilekha (mUla) kI jilda saMkhyA 5 meM Upariligvita abhilekhoM ke samAna bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM abhilekha haiN| una saba abhilekhoM kA sUkSma zodhaparaka dRSTi se adhyayana parizIlana paramAvazyaka hai| ina saba abhilekhoM ke mamIcIna adhyayana nididhyAsana se kurattigala tathA ceitta (sevita) paDima aura sAdhvIsaMgha ke sambandha meM kisI mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya ke prakAza meM Ane kI saMbhAvanA hai| isa adhyAya meM vistAra ke sAtha jina tathyoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai, una se yaha to sunizcita rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA para, Aja se pAMca-chaH zatAbdI pUrva hI vilupta haI caityavAsI paramparA kA aura pramukha rUpa se yApanIya paramparA kA prabhAva pdd'aa| yApanIyoM para zvetAmbara paramparA kA paryApta prabhAva rahA hai, yaha eka sarvasammata tathya hai| isa dRSTi se parokSa rUpeNa zvetAmbara paramparA kA prabhAva bhI bhaTTAraka paramparA para rahA / Page #246 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 188 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 uparivaNita bAtoM para vicAra karane se eka aura mahatvapUrNa tathya jo prakAza meM AtA hai, vaha yaha hai ki madhya yuga meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya ina tInoM hI saMghoM kI bhaTTAraka paramparAe pRthak-pRthak rUpa se astitva meM rhiiN| unameM se yApanIya saMgha kI bhaTTAraka paramparA usa saMgha ke vilupta hone ke sAtha hI samApta ho gaI / zvetAmbara saMgha kI bhaTTAraka paramparA apane udbhava kAla se alpa samaya pazcAt hI zrI pUjya paramparA aura kAlAntara meM yatiparamparA ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gaI, jo vartamAna kAla meM bhI vidyamAna hai| madhya yuga meM uttara bhArata meM yati paramparA kA sarvAdhika varcasva evaM prAbalya rahA / isa prakAra bhaTTAraka paramparA ke nAma se jo paramparA aAja vidyamAna hai, vaha kevala digambara AmnAya kI bhaTTAraka paramparA hI hai / isa prakAra bhaTTAraka paramparA kA svarUpa vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI meM 16vIM zatAbdI taka samaya-samaya para moTe rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA rhaa| vIra nirvANa kI 10vIM zatAbdI se isa paramparA kA varcasva uttarottara bar3hatA hI rahA aura vIra nirvANa kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt to mukhyata: dakSiNa meM aura sAmAnya rUpa se bhArata ke aneka prAntoM meM isa paramparA kA paryApta varcasva zatAbdiyoM taka chAyA sA rhaa| niSkarSa :---prAcIna zilAlekhoM, grantha-prazastiyoM, caityavAsI, yApanIya, bhaTTAraka Adi paramparAoM dvArA samaya-samaya para kiye gaye kAryoM ke ullekhoM evaM abhinava zodha ke pariNAmasvarUpa prApta madhyayugIna jaina vAMgmaya aura mukhyata: 'jainAcArya paramparA mahimA' nAmaka aprakAzita pustaka ke AdhAra para isa prakaraNa meM vistAra pUrvaka jo prakAza DAlA gayA hai, usake niSkarSa ke rUpa meM nimnalikhita navIna aitihAsika tathyoM ko pratiSThApita kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya ina pRthaka-pRthaka tIna saMghoM ke rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke vibhakta hone ke samaya hI jaina dharma saMgha meM bhaTTAraka paramparA kA eka prakAra se bIjAropaNa ho cukA thaa| 2. dvitIya bhadrabAhu * naimittika (dIra ni0 saM0 1032) ke praziSya mAghanandi ne bhaTTAraka paramparA ko eka zaktizAlI saMgha kA rUpa diyaa| AcArya mAghanandi aura unake ziSya AcArya jinacandra ke prAcArya kAla meM bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA prabhAva uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA / 3. AcArya jinacandra ke ziSya prAcArya kundakunda ne bhaTTAraka paramparA dvArA pratiSThApita mAnyatAoM aura zithilAcAra kA DaTakara virodha kiyA / ve bhaTTAraka paramparA meM dIkSita hae the kintu unhoMne apane guru jinacandra aura bhaTTAraka paramparA kA parityAga kara abhinava dharma krAnti kii| unhoMne adhyAtmaparaka upAsanA Page #247 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ] [ 186 aura digambaratva ke kaThora niyamoM ko punaH pratiSThApita kiyA / bhaTTAraka paramparA aura zithilAcAra ke viruddha kiye gaye virodha ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI inake uttaravartI vidvAn bhaTTAraka graMthakAroM ne prAcArya kundakunda kA dhavalA, jaya dhavalA jaise digambara paramparA ke Agama-tulya mahAn granthoM meM kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA hai / jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, svayaM zrAcArya kundakunda ne bhI apane sAkSAt guru kA nAmollekha taka na karate hue apane Apako bhadrabAhu kA ziSya batAyA hai / 4. kauNDa kundAnvaya -- yaha paramparA kevala prAcArya kundakunda kI paramparA kI bodhaka nahIM / bhaTTAraka, yApanIya, digambara Adi katipaya paramparAmroM ke madhyayugIna kendra sthala koNDa - kuNDa nAmaka sthAna se bhI 'kauNDa -kundAnvaya' zabda kA sambandha rahA hai / 5. Aja ke yuga meM bhaTTAraka paramparA jisa rUpa meM vidyamAna hai, isako prAcArya mAghanandi ne kolhApura ( kSullakapura ) nareza gaNDarAditya aura unake sAmanta senApati nimbadeva kI sahAyatA se I0 san 1910 se 1120 ke bIca ke kisI samaya meM janma diyA / Page #248 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 6 yApanIya paramparA devaddhi gariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mUla dharma saMgha meM se pRthak ikAI ke rUpa meM athavA pRthak saMgha ke rUpa meM udita ho sampUrNa dharma saMgha para kucha samaya ke lie pUrNa varcasva ke sAtha chA jAne vAlI dakSiNApatha kI paramparAnoM meM yApanIya paramparA kA athavA yApanIya saMgha kA pramukha sthAna rahA hai / prAcIna zilAlekhoM evaM jaina vAMgmaya meM isa paramparA ke yApanIya saMgha yApulIya saMgha, yAvanika saMgha zraura gopya saMgha - ye nAma bhI upalabdha hote haiM / prAja yaha yApanIya paramparA bhArata ke kisI bhI bhAga meM vidyamAna nahIM hai kintu isa paramparA ke vidvAn AcAryoM va santoM dvArA likhita katipaya grantharatna Aja bhI upalabdha haiM / isa paramparA ke una granthoM meM pramukha haiM yApanIya AcArya zivArya dvArA praNIta 2170 gAthAnoM kA vizAla grantha "ArAdhanA" aura yApanIya AcArya aparAjita sUri dvArA racita usakI vijayodayA TIkA / aparAjita sUri ke nAma se vikhyAta yApanIya prAcArya vijayAcArya dvArA nirmita dazavaikAlika sUtra kI 'vijayodayA TIkA' ke uddharaNa bhI yatra-tatra upalabdha hote haiM / ina tIna granthoM ke atirikta yApanIya prAcArya zAkaTAyana apara nAma pAlyakIrti dvArA praNIta 'strImukti prakaraNa', 'kevalibhukti prakaraNa' aura 'zabdAnuzAsana amoghavRtti' ye tIna grantha bhI upalabdha hote haiM / indrazcandraH kAsakRtsnyApisalI zAkaTAyanaH / pAriNanyamara jainendrAH, ityaSTau hi zAbdikA // saMskRta sAhitya ke isa lokaprasiddha zloka meM zAkaTAyana ko mahAn zAbdika ( vaiyAkaraNI ) mAnA gayA hai / mUlAcAra meM dRbdha tathyoM ke sUkSma vivecana ke pazcAt katipaya vidvAnoM ne yaha abhimata abhivyakta kiyA hai ki isake racanAkAra AcArya baTTakera ( IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI) bhI sambhavataH yApanIya paramparA ke hI AcArya the / ' yApanIya paramparA aura usake aneka gacchoM se sambandhita kula milAkara 31 zilAlekha kevala eka hI granthamAlA, jaina zilAlekha saMgraha - prathama, dvitIya aura " dI jaina pAtha grApha pyUriphikezana - zrI padmanAbha esa. jainI, pRSTha 76 Page #249 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 191 tRtIya bhAga meM saMkalita kiye gaye haiM / dakSiNa ke yazasvI itihAsakAra zrI pI. bI. desAI ne apane " jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA eNDa sama jaina epigrAphsa" nAmaka grantha meM pUrI khoja ke pazcAt jina gaNoM athavA gacchoM ko yApanIya paramparA kA siddha kiyA hai aura zilAlekhoM se jo garaNa athavA gaccha yApanIya saMgha ke garaNa evaM gaccha siddha hote haiM, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM (1) punnAga vRkSa mUla garaNa - aneka sthaloM para isakA ullekha vRkSa mUla garaNa ke nAma se bhI upalabdha hotA hai / (2) balAtkAra garaNa - balahAri athavA balagAra gaNa / balagAra, aisA pratIta hotA hai, dakSiNApatha kA koI sthAna vizeSa thA / jisa prakAra koNDakunda nAmaka sthAna se nikale yApanIya AcAryoM aura digambara saMgha ke prAcAryoM kI paramparAoM kA nAma kauNDakundAnvaya par3a gayA, usI prakAra balagAra nAmaka sthAna se nikale AcAryoM ke garaNa kA nAma balahAra, balagArI aura kAlAntara meM balAtkAra garaNa par3a gayA / ---- (3) kumidI garaNa garaga-muguda se prApta zilAlekhoM meM yApanIya saMgha ke isa garaNa kA nAma kumudi garaNa ullikhita hai / * (4) kaNDUra garaNa athavA krANUra garaNa pradaragucI, hosUra, hubalI, halI, hullUra aura sauMdattI se upalabdha zilAlekhoM meM kaNDUragaraNa kA nAma prApta hotA hai / (5) maDuvagaraNa - seDama meM prApta zilAlekha meM maDuvagaraNa kA nAma prApta hotA hai| (6) baNDiyUra garaNa isa garaNa kA nAma grADakI, sUr3I, teMgalI aura manaulI se prApta zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / - (7) kAreya gaNa aura melApa pranvaya -- yaha nAma bar3alI, hannikeri, kalamvAi aura sauMdattI se prApta zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / (8) koTi maDuva garaNa - yaha maDuva garaNa kA hI grapara nAma pratIta hotA hai / grAndhra pradeza meM prApta grammarAja (dvitIya) dvArA diye gaye maliyapuNDI dAna ke zilAlekha meM maDuva athavA koTi maDuva garaNa, yApanIya saMgha aura nandigaccha kA ullekha hai / grAndhra pradeza meM yApanIya saMgha kA eka mAtra yahI zilAlekha aba taka upalabdha ho sakA hai / ( 2 ) meSa pASAraNa gaccha isa gaccha ke nAma kA ullekha taTTe kere se prApta lekha saMkhyA 219. nidigi se prApta lekha saMkhyA 267, kallUraguDu se prApta lekha saMkhyA 277 pugne me prApta lekha saMkhyA 266 aura dIr3aguru se prApta lekha saMkhyA Page #250 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 192 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 353 meM upalabdha hotA hai / meSa pASANa vastuta: dakSiNApatha ke kisI sthAna vizeSa kA nAma thA, usa sthAna se sambandhita sAdhusamUha ke saMgaThana kA nAma meSapASANa gaccha pdd'aa| (10) tintripIka gaccha- isa gaccha kA nAmollekha kuppuTarU ke lekha saM0 209, tippUra ke lekha saM0 263, budri ke lekha saM0 313, tevarateppa ke lekha saM0 377, elevAla ke lekha saMkhyA 386, cikka mAgar3i ke lekha saMkhyA 408, Adi ke lekha saMkhyA 431, bandalike ke lekha saM 456 aura bastipura ke lekha saMkhyA 582 . (11) kanakotpala sambhUta vakSama la garaNa-vRkSa mUla se sambandhita jo garaNa haiM ve yApanIya paramparA ke nandisaMgha se sambandhita haiN| (12) zrImala mala gaNa-- jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 ke lekha saMkhyA 121 meM zrImUla mUla gaNa dvArA abhinandita nandisaMgha ke eregittUra nAmaka gaNa ke pulikala gaccha ke pAmnAyoM kI choTI sI nAmAvali dI hai| (13) sUrastha garaNa-isa gaNa kA ullekha lekha saM0 185, 266, 318 . paura 460 meM hai| vRkSa mUla se sambandhita gaNa vastutaH yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa haiM, yaha jo katipaya vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai, isakI puSTi aneka abhilekhoM se hotI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM lekha saMkhyA 124 meM spaSTa ullekha hai : .........."zrI yApanIyanandisaMgha punAgavRkSamUlagaNe zrI kIrtyAcAryAnvaye bahuSvAcAryeSvatikrAnteSu vratasamitiguptiguptamunivRndavanditacaraNaH kuvilAcArya praasiit"............| isa ullekha se nirvivAdarUpeNa yaha tathya prakAza meM prAtA hai ki nandi saMgha yApanIya paramparA kA eka pramukha saMgha thA aura punnAgavRkSamUlagaraNa usa yApanIya paramparA ke nandisaMgha kA eka pramukha garaNa / kadambavaMzI rAjA mRgeza varmA (I0 san .470-460) aura ravikIrti ne palAzikA ke yApanIya sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie cAturmAsAvadhi meM bhojana kI vyavasthA tathA prativarSa jinendra deva kI mahimA pUjA tathA aSTAhnika mahotsava manAne ke lie purukheTakagrAma Adi kA dAna diyaa| isa prAcIna abhilekha aura isake uttaravatI 'jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 aura 3 2 jana zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, kar3ava se prApta saMskRta tathA kannar3a bhASA meM rASTrakUTa rAjA prabhUtavarSa kA zaka saM0 735 kA lekha saMkhyA 124, pR0 131 Page #251 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] kAla ke uparivaNita abhilekhoM se yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki yApanIya saMgha IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI se dazavIM-gyAravIM zatAbdI taka bar3A hI rAjamAnya saMgha rahA hai| kadamba, cAlukya, gaMga, rASTrakUTa, raTTa Adi rAjavaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne apane-apane zAsanakAla meM isa saMgha ke vibhinna gaNoM, gacchoM ke prAcAryoM tathA sAdhuoM ko grAmadAna, bhamidAna Adi ke rUpa meM sahayoga dekara jaina dharmasaMgha ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| lagabhaga cha:-sAta zatAbdiyoM taka rAjamAnya rahane ke kAraNa yApanIya saMgha kI gaNanA madhyayuga meM karNATaka ke pramukha evaM zaktizAlI dharma saMgha ke rUpa meM kI jAtI rhii| . yApanIya saMgha ke gaNoM athavA gacchoM se sambandha rakhane vAle jina 31 abhilekhoM kA ullekha Upara kiyA gayA hai, ve sabhI abhilekha saMskRta tathA kannar3a bhASA meM haiM, isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yApanIya saMgha kA sarvAdhika varcasva karNATaka pradeza aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetroM meM hI rhaa| kAgavAr3a jaina mandira ke bhauMhare meM vidyamAna zaka saMvat 1316 tadanusAra vi. saM. 1451-vIra ni.saM. 1921 ke zilAlekha meM yApanIya prAcArya nemicandra ko 'tuluvararAjyasthApanAcArya' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai, isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha se lekara 15vIM zatAbdI taka arthAt lagabhaga gyAraha sau-bAraha sau varSoM taka yApanIya saMgha rAjamAnya saMgha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rhaa| .. yApanIya saMgha kA prAdurbhAva kaba huA, isakA saMsthApaka prathama prAcArya kauna thA, isakA kina paristhitiyoM meM pRthak ikAI ke rUpa meM gaThana kiyA gayA aura kisa sthAna para isakA gaThana kiyA gayA, ina saba praznoM kA samucita uttara pUSTa pramANoM ke abhAva meM adyAvadhi nahIM diyA jA sakA hai| isa sthiti meM bhI isa saMgha ke sambandha meM Aja taka jitane abhilekha evaM ullekha ekatrita kiye jA sake haiM, unake AdhAra para yaha to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara-digambara vibheda ke utpanna hone ke samaya arthAt vIra ni. saM. 606 ke lagabhaga athavA usake eka do dazaka pazcAt kI avadhi ke andara-andara hI isa saMgha kA pRthak ikAI ke rUpa meM gaThana kiyA gayA ho / prApta ullekhoM para gaharAI se vicAra karane para yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMdha ke paramparAgata purAtana varcasva ko yathAvat banAye rakhane tathA isakI zakti ko kiMcitmAtra bhI vighaTita na hone dene ke saduddezya se zvetAmbara aura digambara ina donoM saMghoM ke vIca kI kar3I ke rUpa meM isa yApanIya saMgha kA gaThana kiyA gayA / bauddha, zaiva, vaiSNava, AjIvaka Adi anyAnya dharmasaMghoM dvArA samaya-samaya para karavAye jAne vAle sAmUhika dharmaparivartanoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa hone vAlI hAni se Page #252 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 194 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jaina dharmasaMgha kI rakSA ke lie tathA apane se bhinna dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ko apane dharma ke anuyAyI banAne kI AkAMkSA se vibhinna dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA Ayojita kiye jAne vAle AkarSaka janaraMjanakArI dhArmika anuSThAnoM, bhAMti-bhAMti ke prAMkarSaka dhArmika prAyojanI, vidhi-vidhAnoM kI ora prAkarSita hote hue svadharmI bandhunoM ko apane hI dharma meM sthira rakhane ke uddezya se anya tothikoM se milate julate naye-naye prAkarSaka vidhi-vidhAnoM, anuSThAnoM, AyojanoM kA AviSkAra karane meM yApanIya saMgha ne sabhI dharmasaMghoM ko bahuta pIche rakha diyaa| anyAnya jainetara dharmasaMghoM ne apane dharma ke gar3ha ke rUpa meM vizAla mandiroM kA nirmANa karavAnA prArambha kiyA aura anyAnya dharmAvalambiyoM ke samAna jaina dharmAvalambI bhI una dharma saMghoM kI ora AkarSita hone lage to yApanIya saMgha ne una jainetara saMghoM dvArA nirmApita mandiroM evaM maThoM se bhI prati bhavya mandiroM, maThoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie vizAla vasatiyoM kA nirmANa karavAnA prArambha kiyaa| jaba anya dharmAvalambiyoM ne bhautika pralobhanoM ke mAdhyama se lokamata ko apanI ora AkarSita karane ke lie mantra tantroM, deva-deviyoM kI sAdhanAmoM kA sahArA liyA to yApanIya bhI isa dizA meM una jainetara dharmasaMghoM se sadA Age hI rhe| yApanIyoM ne bhI mantra-tantroM aura aneka prakAra ke anuSThAnoM tathA siddhiyoM kA sahArA liyaa| adhikAMza mantra-tantroM, yantroM, padmAvatI, ambikA jvAlAmAlinI Adi deviyoM ke mandiroM kA nirmANa karAnA, jvAlAmAlinI kalpa, padmAvatI kalpa Adi mAntrika athavA tAntrika kalpoM dvArA laukika siddhi ke anuSThAnoM kI janamAnasa para chApa jamAnA yaha saba adhikAMzataH yApanIya saMgha kI hI pratyutpannamati-sampanna dUradarzitA kA pratiphala thaa| paristhiti ke anurUpa unhoMne zramaNadharma ke siddhAntoM meM yatkicit parivartana karanA Avazyaka samajhA to vaha bhI kiyaa| yApanIya saMgha ke prAcAryoM ne jvAlAmAlinI devI ke svatantra mandira banavAye, usakI upAsanA ke bhAMti-bhAMti ke anuSThAnoM, jApoM mAdi ko jaina praNAlI kA puTa dekara bhautika siddhiyoM kI prApti ke icchuka janamata ko jaina dharma kI ora AkarSita kiyaa| jaina dharma ke paramparAgata duzcara kaThora niyamoM meM prAvazyaka parivartana kara unameM paryApta DhIla dii| aneka dhArmika niyamoM ko unhoMne sarala banA diyA / udAharaNa svarUpa isa sambandha meM sudatta muni dvArA sal ko diyA gayA "poya sal"-- isa siMha ko mAro-- yaha Adeza hI paryApta hai| jisa samaya dakSiNa ke karNATaka prAnta meM digambara paramparA kA paryApta varcasva thA, unhoMne bar3I kar3AI se isa siddhAnta kA pracAra kiyA ki striyA~ usI bhava meM mokSa nahIM jA sakatIM / mukti kI rAha meM vastra sabase bar3A bAdhaka parigraha hai, vastroM kA pUrNataH parityAga kara pUrNa aparigraha nagnatA svIkAra kiye binA siddhi kabhI prApta kI hI nahIM jA sktii| apanI isa mAnyatA para adhikAdhika bala dete hue digambara paramparA ke katipaya prAcAryoM ne yahAM taka kahanA aura upadeza denA athavA pracAra karanA prArabha kara diyA ki striyoM ko zramaNadharma kI dIkSA na dI jAya / "strINAM na tadbhave mokSaH" apanI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi meM IsA kI tIsarI-cautho zatAbdI se uttaravartI katipaya Page #253 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 165 prAcAryoM ne anekAneka yuktiyAM dI haiN| "strINAM na tadbhave mokSaH" apanI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi hetu kAlAntara meM digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya pravacanasAra nAmaka grantha meM jo 11 gAthAeM prakSipta kI gaI haiM, ve jijJAsu vicArakoM dvArA paThanIya evaM mananIya haiN| katipaya uttaravartI AcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye isa prakAra ke pracAra se yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki nArIvarga ke mAnasa meM nirAzA taraMgita hotii| mahilAvarga kI isa prakAra kI manodazA ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharmasaMgha ko kisa prakAra kI kSati ho sakatI hai, isa rahasya ko yApanIya saMgha ne pahacAnA / isake sAtha hI sAtha yApanIya prAcAryoM ne isa vAstavika tathya ko bhI bhalIbhAMti samajha liyA ki striyoM ko prAdhyAtmika patha para, dharmapatha para agrasara hone ke lie jitanA adhika protsAhita kiyA jAyagA, utanA hI adhika dharmasaMgha zaktizAlI, sudRr3ha aura cirasthAyI bnegaa| unakI yaha dRDha mAnyatA bana gaI thI ki dharma, dhArmika vicAroM, dhArmika kriyAoM evaM unake vividha prAyojanoM ke prati aTUTa AsthA aura pragAr3ha ruci hone ke kAraNa striyAM dharmasaMgha kI AdhArazilA ko evaM dharma kI jar3oM ko surar3ha karane meM aura dhArmika vicAroM kA pracAra-prasAra karane meM puruSa varga kI apekSA atyadhika sahAyaka siddha ho sakatI haiN| jo dharmasaMgha mahilA varga ko dharmabhAvanAoM ko jAgRta kara athavA usako ubhAra kara, mahilAoM ko dharma mArga para agrasara hote rahane ke liye protsAhita kara unakA vizvAsa prApta kara legA, vaha dharma zIghra hI sampUrNa samAja kA agraNI dharma bana jaaygaa| ise sahI rUpa meM yApanIya saMgha ke prAcAryoM ne pahicAnA aura pahicAnakara zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya siddhAnta "strINAM tadbhave mokSaH" kA pracAra prArambha kiyaa| yApanIya paramparA ke prAcAryoM, zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM ne "strI usI bhava meM mokSa jA sakatI hai, isa siddhAnta para bala dete hue grAma-grAma aura nagara-nagara meM dharma sabhAoM meM apane upadezoM meM kahA : yo khalu itthI ajIvo, raNa yAvi abhavvA, Na yAvi daMsavirohiNI, go pramANusA, No araNAriya uppattI, No asaMkhijjAuyA No aikUramaI, No Na uvasaMtamohA, No Na suddhAcArA, No azuddhaboMdi No vavasAyavajjiyA, yo apuvakaraNavirohiNI, raNA gavaguragaTTANarahiyA No ajoggA laddhIe, go akallAraNabhAyaNaM tti kahaM na uttamadhammasAhigati / "' "arthAt strI koI ajIva nhiiN| na vaha abhavya hai aura na darzana virodhinI hai| na strI mAnava yoni se bhinna kisI anya yoni kI hai| vastutaH vaha mAnava mtrImuktau yApanIya tantrapramANaM-yathokta yApanIya tantre-"No bannu itthI grajIvo.... / '' lalita vista ga, pR0 402 / Page #254 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 196 ] - [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 yoni kA hI abhinna aMga mAnava jAti kI hI hai / na nArI anArya deza kI utpatti hai, na asaMkhyAta varSoM kI AyuSya vAlI aura atikrara mativAlI hai| nArI upazAntamohA na hoM aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai| athavA vaha zuddha AcAra vAlI nahIM ho, aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai / na strI azuddha bodhi vAlI hai aura na vyavasAya-adhyavasAya vihIna hI hai| nArI apUrvakaraNa kI virodhinI bhI nahIM aura na nava guNasthAnoM se rahita hI hai / isI prakAra strI labdhiyoM ko prApta karane meM bhI ayogya-akSama nahIM hai aura na vaha akalyANa kI bhAjana hI hai / mukti prApti ke liye paramAvazyaka ina sabhI yogyatAoM se sampanna hote hue bhI strI uttama dharma kI sAdhikA aura mukti kI adhikAriNI kyoM nahIM ho sakatI? ho sakatI hai aura sunizcita rUpa se strI bhI puruSoM ke samAna hI usI bhava meM mokSa pA sakatI hai|" . yApanIya saMgha ke isa pracAra kA dakSiNApatha meM aisA acintya-adbhuta prabhAva par3A ki thor3e hI samaya meM jaina dharma kA yaha yApanIya saMgha bar3A hI lokapriya aura zaktizAlI saMgaThana bana gayA / "striyAM usI bhavana meM mokSa nahIM jA sakatIM" digambara paramparA ke prAcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye isa pracAra se mahilA varga meM jo eka prakAra kI nirAzA ghara kiye hue thI, vaha yApanIya saMgha ke "stroNAM tadbhave mokSaH" isa pracAra se pUrNa rUpeNa tirohita ho gii| nAri-varga meM eka balavatI AzA ko kiraNa kA abhyudaya huA aura ve pUre utsAha ke sAtha yApanIya prAcAryoM, zramaNoM evaM zramaNiyoM ke mArgadarzana meM, dharmAcaraNa meM, dhArmika AyojanoM meM, dharma ke abhyudaya evaM utkarSa ke lie prAvazyaka caityanirmANa, vasati nirmANa, tIrthoddhAra, mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra-punanirmANa prAdi kAryoM meM, tana, mana, dhana se pUrNataH sakriya sahayoga dene lgiiN| nArI jAti ko dharma-saMgha meM puruSoM ke samAna adhikAra dene meM yApanIya saMgha vastutaH zvetAmbara saMgha se bhI Age bar3ha gyaa| striyoM ko pUrNa manoyoga pUrvaka dharmamArga para pravRtta karane hetu protsAhita karane ke liye striyoM ke sAtha yApanIya saMgha ne zvetAmbara AcAryoM se bhI adhika udAratA pradarzita kI / yApanIya saMgha ne apane dharmasaMgha ke abhinna aMga sAdhvI samUha ke saMcAlana kA sarvocca adhikAra viduSI evaM mahatI prabhAvikA sAdhviyoM ko pradAna kara unheM sAdhu-saMgha ke prAcAryoM ke samAna hI sAdhvI saMgha kI prAcAryA ke pada para adhiSThita kiyA / vastutaH yaha eka bar3A hI krAMtikArI evaM abhUtapUrva kadama thA, jo yApanIya saMgha ne utthaayaa| yApanIya saMgha ke karNadhAroM dvArA liye gaye isa samayocita nirNaya ke phalasvarUpa dakSiNApatha ke nArI samAja meM navajIvana kI lahara ke sAtha dharmAbhyudayakArI kAryoM meM na kevala sahabhAgI hone kI hI apitu sarvAgraNI banane kI bhI eka aisI adamya lahara taraMgita ho uThI ki samagra dakSiNApatha sAdhanoM ke samAna sAdhviyoM ke saMghoM ke bhI AvAsa-sthaloM, maThoM, mandiroM, caityAlayoM, vasatiyoM, giriguhAoM, Page #255 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 197 abhinava tIrthasthaloM aura bhAMti bhAMti ke dharmasthAnoM se maNDita ho gyaa| rAjarAniyoM, amAtyapatniyoM; adhikAriyoM kI arddhA giniyoM, zreSThipatniyoM aura sabhI vargoM kI mahilAoM ne vrata, niyama, dharmAcaraNa, tapazcaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha bhUmidAna, dravyadAna AhAradAna, bhavanadAna Adi loka-kalyANakArI kAryoM meM bar3I udAratApUrvaka ullekha nIya abhiruci lekara jaina dharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA kii| itanA hI nahIM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM mahilAoM ne saMsAra ko duHkha kA sAgara samajha kara janma, jarA mRtyu ke dAruNa duHkhoM se sadA ke lie chuTakArA pAne hetu zramaNI dharma meM pravrajyAe bhI grahaNa kii| sAdhuoM, sAdhviyoM, viraktoM aura gRhastha kizoroM ko saiddhAMtika zikSaNa dene ke lie aneka sthAnoM para bar3e-bar3e zikSaNa saMsthAnoM, mahAvidyAlayoM kI sthApanA hetu mukta hasta ho dAna dene meM mahilA varga agraNI rahA / prAcIna zilAlekha Aja bhI isa bAta kI sAkSI dete haiM ki karNATaka prAnta meM jainadharma ke pracAra prasAra ke liye jaina dharma ke utkarSa ke liye, jainadharma-saMgha ko eka sabala saMgaThana banAne ke lie, jaina-dharma kI prabhAvanA-varcasvAbhivRddhi ke liye, jaina-dharma ko lokapriya banAne ke liye aura jaina-dharma ke pracAra prasAra ke pravAha ko cirapravAhI banAye rakhane ke liye dakSiNApatha ke sabhI kSetroM meM, kone-kone meM aneka dharmasthAnoM kA nirmANa mahilA varga ne krvaayaa| usa samaya sAdhviyoM ke svatantra saMghoM meM sAdhviyoM kI kitanI bar3I saMkhyA hotI thI, isa tathya kA bodha hameM aneka zilAlekhoM se hotA haiN| colavaMzIya mahArAjA prAditya prathama ke zAsanakAla ke, vedAla se upalabdha IsA ke navIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ke eka zilA lekha se patA calatA hai ki akele beDAla kSetra meM I0 san 850 ke pAsa-pAsa 600 (nau sau) se bhI adhika sAdhviyAM vidyamAna thiiN| veDAla ke isa zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki 500 (pAMca sau) sAdhviyoM kI adhinAyaka prAcAryA kurattiyAra kanakavIra ke sAtha kisI anya jaina saMgha kI veDAla meM hI vidyamAna 400 (cAra sau) sAdhviyoM kA manomAlinya ho gyaa|' mAdhviyoM ke una donoM zaktizAlI saMghoM ke bIca huA vaha jhagar3A bar3hate-bar3hate bar3A ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara gayA / isa zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki vaha kanakavIra kurattiyAra (prAcAryA) veDAla ke bhaMDAraka guNakIti kI anuyAyinI aura ziSyA thii| guNakIti bhaTTAraka ke dharmasaMgha ke anuyAyiyoM arthAt usa prAcAryA kanakavIrA kuratiyAra ke bhaktoM ne apanI guruNI ke samakSa upasthita ho unheM AzvAsana diyA ki ve unake sAdhvIsaMgha kI rakSA aura unakI pratidina kI sabhI prakAra kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kreNge| isa zilAlekha meM kanakavIrA karattiyAra ke garu kA nAma guNakIti bhaTrAraka ullikhita hai aura yApanIya saMgha ke sAdhunoM tathA prAcAryoM ke nAma ke anta meM prAyaH kIrti aura nandi hotA hai / isase vaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki kurattiyAra kanaka' ema. pAI. pAI (mAutha iNTiA ingkriSNanma) volyUma 3. maM0 62 Page #256 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 168 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vIrA kA sAdhvIsaMgha yApanIya saMgha kA sAdhvIsamUha thaa| 400 sAdhviyoM ke jisa samUha ke sAtha kurattiyAra kanakavIrA kA saMgharSa huA, vaha anumAnataH digambara paramparA ke dravir3a saMgha kA sAdhvI samUha hogaa| kurattiyAra kanakavIrA kA nAma bhI tamilavAsiyoM ke nAma se pUrNata: bhinna hone se yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki karNATaka pradeza se yApanIya saMgha kA yaha sAdhvIsamUha tamila pradeza meM apanI paramparA ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie AyA hogaa| saMbhavataH kanakavIrA kurattiyAra ko aura usake sAdhvIsamUha ko yApanIya saMgha ke pracAra-prasAra meM aura apane saMgha ko lokapriya banAne meM AzAtIta saphalatA prApta huI hogii| isake pariNAmasvarUpaM apane tamilapradeza meM apanI paramparA se anya paramparA ke sAdhvIsamaha kI saphalatA evaM usake bar3hate hue prabhAva ko dekhakara dravir3a saMgha ke sAdhvIsamUha ko sahaja hI IrSyA huI hogI aura yaha IrSyA hI zanaiH-zanaiH ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara saMgharSa kA rUpa bana gaI hogI / bahuta sambhava hai tamila pradeza ke usa dravir3a saMgha kI sAdhviyoM ne apane bhaktaanuyAyiyoM ko isa prakAra kA nirdeza diyA ho ki ve na to una sAdhviyoM ke upadeza ko suneM aura na hI unheM prAhAra Adi kA dAna deM evaM yApanIya saMgha kI sAdhviyoM ke sammukha upasthita huI usa saMkaTa kI ghaDI meM, unake upadezoM se prabhAvita ho jo tamilavAsI yApanIya saMgha ke anuyAyI bane unhoMne kurattiyAra kanakavIrA ke sAdhvIsamUha ke rakSaNa evaM bharaNa-poSaNa kA bhAra apane Upara lete hue unheM Azvasta kiyA ho / tamilanADu ke lie usa samaya yaha dhArmika asahiSNutA kI ghaTanA bar3I mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA rahI hogI, ataH isakA ullekha isa zilAlekha meM kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| karattiyAra kanakavIrA yApanIya saMgha kI hI mAdhvIpramukhA rahI hoMgI, isa anumAna kI puSTi isa tathya se bhI hotI hai ki sAdhviyoM ko svatantra saMgha banAne kI svatantratA yApanIya saMgha ke atirikta anya kisI digambara athavA zvetAmbara saMgha ne dI ho, isa prakAra kA eka bhI prAcIna athavA arvAcIna ullekha bhArata ke kimI bhAga meM Aja taka upalabdha nahIM harA hai| tamilanADu meM svatantra maMghoM kI (jinameM mAdhuvarga aura sAdhvIvarga donoM hI prakAra ke varga sammilita the) sarvAdhikAra sampanna pramukhA arthAt prAcAryA sAdhviyAM hotI thIM, jinheM kurattiyAra, kuratti athavA kurattigala ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA thA / tamilanADu meM isa prakAra kI kurattiyAra ke jo zilAlekha aba taka upalabdha ho cuke haiM, jinakA saMkalana sAutha iNDiyana inskripzansa volyUma 5.1 meM kiyA gayA hai, unameM me lekha saMkhyA 324 aura 326 meM tiruccAraNattu kurattigala kA ullekha hai / isake ziSya ke rUpa meM varaguNa ke nAma kA ullekha hai, jo sambhavataH pANDya rAjavaMza kA sadasya thaa| isI prakAra lekha saMkhyA 322 aura 323 meM saMgha kurattigala kA ullekha hai, jo sambhavataH eka svatantra sAdhu-sAdhvIsaMgha kI saMcAlikA, adhinAyakA athavA prAcAryA thiiN| dakSiNa bhArata ke zilAlekhoM kI isI jilda ke legva saMdhyA 370 meM tirumalla kuratti kA ullekha hai, jo enADi kuTTanana meM rahatI Page #257 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanoya paramparA ] [ 169 thii| isake eka sAdhu ziSya kA bhI isa abhilekha meM ullekha hai| isI prakAra ukta jilda ke 5 anya abhilekhoM meM cirupollala kI piccai kuratti, mammaI kuratti, tiruparutti kuratti Adi guruNiyoM, saMgha kI saMcAlikA guruNiyoM kA ullekha hai / ina saba ullekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki tamilanADu meM jaina dharmasaMgha meM aise svatantra saMgha bhI the jinakI sarva sattAsampanna saMcAlikAeM kurattiyAra, kurattigala athavA kuratti hotI thiiN| ye kurattiyAra yApanIya saMgha kI thIM athavA kisI anya saMgha kI, isa prakAra kA koI ullekha na hone ke kAraNa yaha to nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ye amuka saMgha kI hI thIM, kintu yApanIya saMgha ne sAdhAraNataH samagra strI samAja ko aura vizeSataH sAdhviyoM ko jo sAdhanoM ke samAna adhikAra diye unase yahI anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki tamilanADu meM bhI IsA kI 8vI havIM zatAbdI taka yApanIya saMgha kA bar3A prabhAva rahA ho / isa sambandha meM zodhArthiyoM se agrettara gahana zodha kI apekSA hai| prasiddha purAtatvavettA aura dakSiNa bhArata ke khyAtanAmA itihAsakAra zrI pI. bI. desAI ne ina kurattiyAra kA yApanIya saMgha se sambandha hone kI sambhAvanA prakaTa karate hue nimnalikhita vicAra vyakta kiye haiM : - "The Kurattiyars of the Tamil Country constitute a surprisingly unique class by themselves. According to the conception of the Digambara School women are not entitled to attain Moksha in this life. The Yapaniyas, a well known sect of Jainism in the South and having some common doctri. nes both with Digambaras and Swetambaras, are characteristically distinguished for their view which advocates liberation or Mukti for women in this life "strINAM tadbhave mokSa : " The factors that contributed to the growth of the institution of lady teachers in the Tamil land on such a large scale are not fully known. This subject requires further study and research." yaha to eka sarvasammata tathya hai ki pravartamAna avasarpiNIkAla meM mAnavatA ke, karmayuga ke Adi sUtradhAra prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva dvArA kiye gaye tIrthapravartana-kAla se hI striyAM dharmAcaraNa meM puruSoM se Age rahI haiN| caubIsoM tIrthakaroM ke sAdhanoM, sAdhviyoM, zrAvakoM tathA zrAvikAnoM kI jo saMkhyAe zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamoM evaM digambara paramparA ke pAgama tulya granthoM meM ullikhita haiM, una para prathama dRSTipAta se hI yaha tathya prakAza meM A jAtA hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke dharmasaMghoM meM puruSoM kI apekSA striyoM ne sakriya rUpa se dharmAcaraNa meM kaI gunA adhika utsAha me, adhika saMkhyA meM ruci lI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAgamoM ke anusAra to caubIsoM tIrthakaroM ke dharmasaMgha meM siddha, buddha, mukta hue sAdhuoM tathA sAdhviyoM meM sAdhunoM kI apekSA sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA paryApta rUpeNa adhika hai| Page #258 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 200 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 2 isa prakAra paramparA se hI nArIvarga ko, dharma ke prati puruSoM kI tulanA meM adhika ruci rahI hai / tathApi IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI se lekara 10vIM zatAbdI taka kI jo purAtatva kI sAmagrI deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se upalabdha huI hai, usake tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa rUpa se yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki isa avadhi meM karNATaka pradeza kI striyoM ne anya pradezoM kI striyoM kI apekSA dhArmika kAryoM meM adhika saMkhyA meM abhiruci prakaTa kii| yaha saba vastutaH yApanIya saMgha dvArA usa yuga kI paristhitiyoM ke anukUla apanAyI gaI sudhAravAdI, samanvayavAdI evaM dharmAcaraNa ke kaThora niyamoM ke saralIkaraNa kI nIti kA hI pratiphala thaa| digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye "strINAM na tadbhave mokSaH" kI mAnyatA ke pracAra ke pazcAt samanvaya nIti, sudhAravAdI nIti kA athavA udAratApUrNa nIti kA anusaraNa karate hue yApanIyoM dvArA zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM meM pratipAdita jina tIna pramukha mAnyatAoM kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA gayA, ve nimna haiM :--- (1) 'para zAsane mokSaH'- arthAt jainetara mata meM rahate hue bhI mokSa prApta kara sakate haiN| (2) 'sagranthAnAM mokSaH'-prarthAt yaha koI anivArya niyama nahIM ki vastrarahitoM kA hI mokSa ho sakatA hai, vastrasahita-sagrantha-sthavirakalpI sAdhuoM kA bhI mokSa ho sakatA hai evaM gRhasthAzramI sAdhaka bhI apanI utkRSTa sAdhanA dvArA mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| (3) 'strINAM tadbhave mokSaH'-- arthAt striyAM bhI puruSoM ke samAna usI bhava meM mokSa prApta kara sakatI haiN| uttara bhArata ke nivAsiyoM kI hI taraha dakSiNApatha ke nivAsiyoM ko bhI yApanIya saMgha ke ina upadezoM ne bar3A prabhAvita kiyaa| jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai yApanIya saMgha kI "strINAM tadbhave mokSaH" isa ghoSaNA ne to dakSiNa ke nArI samAja meM dharma jAgaraNa kI eka tIvra lahara utpanna kara dii| isakA tatkAla sundara pariNAma yaha huA ki yApanIya saMgha dakSiNa kA eka zaktizAlI aura lokapriya dharmasaMgha bana gayA / karNATaka ke atirikta anya dakSiNI prAntoM meM isa saMgha kA kitanA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra hamA, isa sambandha meM yadyapi nizcita rUpa se to kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai tamilanADu ke akele ber3Ala kSetra meM eka sAdhvI saMgha kI 500 sAdhviyoM ke mamUha aura usake pratipakSI sAdhvImagha kI 400 sAdhviyoM ke samUha - isa prakAra kevala eka hI kSetra meM 600 kI saMkhyA meM sAdhviyoM aura sAdhvIsaMghoM kI prAcAryA karattiyAra kI vidyamAnatA ke ullekha ko dekhakara to yahI anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki kimI Page #259 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA [ 201 samaya tamilanADu meM bhI nArI jAti ko dharma mArga para agrasara hone kI prabala preraNA dene vAlA yApanIya saMgha eka lokapriya aura zaktizAlI saMgha ke rUpa meM rahA hogaa| jo prAcIna zilAlekha upalabdha hue haiM, unake adhyayana se yaha tathya to prakAza meM AtA hai ki IsA kI cauthI se 11 vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kI sudIrghAvadhi meM striyoM ko bahuta bar3I saMkhyA ne karNATaka pradeza meM jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra aura utkarSa ke lie agaNita ullekhanIya kArya kiye / dakSiNa ke vibhinna kSetroM meM mahilA varga dvArA jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie vizAla parimAraNa meM apUrva utsAha ke sAtha vrata, niyama, pratyAkhyAna, saMlekhanA (saMthArA) Adi adhyAtmaparaka dharmArAdhana aura caitya, maTha, mandira, vasadi, niSidhi-nirmANa Adi kAryoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa yApanIya saMgha IsA kI cauthI se gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka kI avadhi meM karNATaka pradeza kA eka pramukha evaM zaktizAlI dharmasaMgha rhaa| __isa sambandha meM dakSiNa ke prasiddha purAtatvavettA evaM itihAsakAra sva0 zrI pI. bI. desAI ne apanI pustaka "jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA enDa sama jaina epigrAphsa" meM likhA hai : ___POSITION OF WOMEN:- By for the most outstanding factor, more than any thing else, that might have contributed to the success of the Jaina faith in south India, appears to be the liberal attitude towards women evinced by the Yapanias. For, women are the most potent transmitters of the religious ideas and practices, particularly in India, and the teacher who is able to capture their religious propensities, rules the society. Inspite of their rather not ungenerous attitude towards women, entertained by the teachers of the Brahmanical schools and also of the Buddhist faith, I think, no emphatic assurance like "strINAM tadabhave mokSaH", was ever held forth by them. Consequently women must have been induced, in large numbers, to follow the faith that gave them this assurance and quenched their spiritual yearnings. We meet with a large number of women as lay followers of the Jaina Creed in the inscriptions of Karnataka and it is realised from their social status and religious activities that they played a distinguished role in the propagation of the faith. Besides these, we come accross a good many nuns also. 1 1. jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA eNDa sama jaina epigrAphsa, peja 168 Page #260 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 202 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 . yApanIya saMgha kA udgama kAla-evaM isakA mUla srota yApanIya saMgha kA janma kisa samaya huA aura isake udgama srota ke rUpa meM konasI paramparA rahI, isa sambandha meM vidvAnoM dvArA vibhinna mAnyatAeM prakaTa kI gaI haiM aura isa taraha yaha prazna adyAvadhi vivAdAspada hI banA huA hai| digambara paramparA ke do prAcAryoM ne yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM kevala sUcanAparaka ullekha kiyA hai| unameM prathama haiM AcArya devsen| 'darzanasAra' kI prazasti ke anusAra devasena ne vikrama saMvat 660 meM prAcIna prAcAryoM kI gAthAnoM kA saMkalana kara 'darzanasAra' nAmaka 51 gAthAoM kI eka choTI sI kRti kI racanA kI, jisameM yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM ullekha hai : "kallANe varaNayare, duNNisae paMca uttare jAde / jAvariNaya saMgha bhAvo, sirikalasAdo hu sevar3ado // " (darzanasAra gAthA saMkhyA 26) arthAta-kalyANa nAmaka sundara nagara meM zrIkalaza nAmaka eka zvetAmbara sAdhu se vikrama saMvat 205 meM yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti huii| prAcArya devasena ke isa ullekha ke anusAra digambara paramparA meM yaha abhimata pracalita hai ki vikrama saM. 205 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 675 evaM I. san 148 meM yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti huii| prAcArya devasena kI isa mAnyatA ke anusAra zvetAmbara digambara mata vibheda (zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni. saM. 606 aura digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni. maM. 606) ke 66 athavA 66 varSa pazcAt yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti huI / darzanasAra ke racayitA devasena se pUrvavartI devamena (AcArya vimalamena ke ziSya) ne apanI racanA 'bhAva saMgraha' meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI vi. maM. 136 (vIra ni. saM. 606) meM utpatti hone kA to ullekha kiyA hai kintu yApanIya maMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM koI divaraNa nahIM diyA hai / vikrama kI satrahavIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya ratnanandi ne bhI vi. saM. 1625 kI apanI kRti bhadrabAhucaritra meM arddha phAlaka mata ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara maMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM bar3e vistArapUrvaka vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, jo katipaya aMzoM meM vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke granthakAra bhaTTAraka hariSeNa dvArA vikrama saM. 186 kI apanI kRti vRhata kathA koSa meM kiye gaye arddha phAlaka mata kI utpatti se milatA-julatA hai / bhaTTAraka hariSeNa ne to yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai kintu AcArya ratnanandi ne binA kisI kAlanirdeza ke nimnalikhita rUpa meM yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM apanI kRti "bhadrabAhacaritra" meM likhA hai : Page #261 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] tadAtivelaM bhUSAdyai:, pUjitA mAnitAzca taiH / dhRtaM digvAsasAM rUpamAcAraH sitavAsasAm / / 153 // guruzikSAtigaM liMgaM, naTavad bhaNDimAspadam / tato yApanasaMgho'bhUtteSAM kApathavartinAm / / 154 / / isa prakAra prAcArya ratnanandi ne zvetAmbara paramparA se hI yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti batAI hai, kintu isa saMgha kI utpatti kisa samvat meM huI, isakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / prAcArya devasena ke kathana se AcArya ratnanandi ke kathana meM yaha antara hai ki prAcArya devasena ne kalyAraNa nAmaka nagara meM zrIkalaza nAmaka zrAcArya se yApanIya paramparA kI utpatti hone kA ullekha kiyA hai; jabaki devasena se 635 varSa pazcAt hue prAcArya ratnanandi ne isa paramparA ke saMsthApaka prAcArya kA koI nAmollekha na karate hue kevala itanA hI likhA hai ki karahATAkSa nagara meM zvetAmbaroM se yApanIya paramparA kI utpatti huI / isa prakAra digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM ne yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti zvetAmbara saMgha se batAI hai / [ 203 isake viparIta zvetAmbara AcArya maladhArI rAjazekhara ne apanI eka mahatvapUrNa racanA 'SaDdarzana samuccaya' meM yApanIya saMgha ko gopya saMgha nAma se abhihita karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM digambara paramparA kA hI eka bheda batAyA hai / AcArya rAjazekhara ne isa sambandha meM likhA hai : digambarANAM catvAro, bhedA nAgnyavrataspRzaH / kASThAsaMgho mUlasaMghaH, saMghau mAthuragopyakau / / 21 / / arthAt nirvastra rahane vAle digambaroM ke kASThAsaMgha, mUlasaMgha, mAthurasaMgha prIra gopya arthAt yApanIya saMgha ye cAra bheda haiM / isake atirikta zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM kahIM isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA ki digambara paramparA meM yaha saMgha kisa samaya utpanna huA aura isakA zrAdya pravartaka AcArya kauna thA / digambara paramparA ke AcArya devasena dvArA racita 'darzanasAra' kI uparyuddhata gAthA meM zvetAmbara AcArya zrIkalaza se vikrama saMvat 205 meM yApanIya paramparA ke utpanna hone kI jo bAta kahI gaI hai, usa para vicAra karane aura use tathyoM kI kasauTI para kasane ke anantara to prAcArya devasena kA yaha kathana tathyoM se pare hI pratIta hotA hai / darzanasAra kI uparilikhita gAthA meM yApanIya paramparA kI utpatti zvetAmbara saMgha se batAI gaI hai kintu yApanIya saMgha ke jitane bhI garaNoM, gacchoM athavA saMghoM ke nAma jo Aja taka prAcIna zilAlekhoM, abhilekhoM, tAmrapatroM Adi meM upalabdha hue haiM, ve saba ke saba digambara paramparA ke saMghoM, gaNoM, gacchoM evaM Page #262 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 204 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 anvayoM ke samAna nAma vAle haiN| isake viparIta zvetAmbara paramparA ke kisI bhI garaNa athavA gaccha ke samAna nAma vAlA yApanIya paramparA kA eka bhI gaNa athavA gaccha Aja takaM upalabdha huI purAtatva sAmagrI meM prApta nahIM huA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dekhA jAya to isa adhyAya ke prArambha meM yApanIya paramparA ke saMghoM, gaNoM athavA gacchoM ke jo nAma diye gaye haiM, prAyaH ve hI adhikAMza nAma digambara paramparA ke saMghoM, gaNoM, gacchoM evaM anvayoM ke bhI prAcIna granthoM evaM prAcIna aitihAsika purAtatva sAmagrI meM Aja bhI upalabdha hote haiN| mUla saMgha, mUla-mUla saMgha, kanakotpalasaMbhUta saMgha, punnAgavRkSamUlasaMgha, kundakundAnvaya, kaNDUra gaNa krANara gaNa Adi saMghoM, garagoM aura anvayoM ke nAma ina donoM (yApanIya aura digambara) paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hote haiN| digambara aura yApanIya paramparAoM ke saMghoM, gaNoM Adi ke jitane bhI nAma Aja taka upalabdha hue haiM, adhikAMza meM paraspara eka dUsare ke samAna haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke saMghoM, gaNoM athavA gacchoM ke nAmoM se yApanIya paramparA kA eka bhI saMgha, gaNa, athavA anvaya mela nahIM khaataa| jahAM taka yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti kA kAla jo darzanasAra kI upayuddha ta gAthA meM batAyA gayA hai, vaha bhI tathyoM kI kasauTI para kharA nahIM utaratA / prAcArya devasena ne yApanIya paramparA kI utpatti kA samaya vikrama saMvat 205 batAyA hai| isakA sIdhA sA artha yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paramparAgata saMgha meM sarvaprathama jo zvetAmbara aura digambara saMghoM ke nAma se vibheda utpanna huA, prAcArya devasena kI mAnyatAnusAra athavA kinhIM una prAcIna prAcArya ke abhimatAnusAra, jinakI ki gAthA kA darzanasAra meM devasena ne saMkalana kiyA hai, usa vibheda ke utpanna hone ke 66 varSa pazcAt yAMpanIya saMgha utpanna huaa| AcArya devasena kA yaha abhimata bhI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM evaM etadviSayaka ghaTanAcakra ke sandarbha meM vicAra karane para saMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| isa sambandha meM yahAM nimnalikhita tathyoM para vicAra karanA prAsaMgika va upayukta hogA : (1) yaha to eka nirvivAda evaM sarvasammata tathya hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 606 athavA 606 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mahAna caturvidha saMgha zvetAmbara saMgha aura digambara saMgha ke rUpa meM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thA / (2) vIra ni0 saM0606 meM utpanna hue isa saMgha bheda kA jo sarvAdhika prAcIna ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM upalabdha hai, vaha isa saMghabheda kI utpatti se 423 varSa pazcAta kA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : sAvatthI usabhapuraM, seyaviyA mihila ullugAtIraM / purimaMtaraMjia, rahavIrapuraM ca gayarAiM // 781 / / Page #263 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 205 paMcasayA culasIyA, chaccava sayA evottarA huMti / NANupatti ya duve, uppaNNA Nivvue sesA // 783 / / Avazyaka niryakti kI ina do gAthAoM meM anya ghaTanAcakra ke sAtha yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM rathavIrapura meM digambara saMgha kI utpatti huI / Avazyaka niyukti ke racanAkAra AcArya bhadrabAhu kA samaya pramANa purassara vIra ni0 saM0 1032 ke Asa-pAsa kA nirdhArita kiyA jA cukA hai|' (3) bhadrabAhu dvitIya ke pazcAt kA etadviSayaka ullekha hai vIra ni0 saM0 1055 se 1115 taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada para rahe jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kI mahAn kRti vizeSAvazyaka bhASya aura vizeSAvazyaka bhApya vRhadvRtti kA, jo isa prakAra hai : chabvAsa sayAI, taiyA, siddhi gayassa vIrassa / to boDiyANa diTThI, rahavIrapure samuppaNNA // 2550 // rahavIrapuraM nagaraM, dIvagamujjANamajjakaNhe ya / sivabhUissuvahimmi, pucchA therANa kahaNA ya / / 2551 / / (vize0 bhASya) voDiya sivabhUIo, boDiyaliMgassa hoI upptti| koDiya koTTavIrA, paramparAphAsamuppannA // 1552 // (vi0 bhA0 vR0 vR0) (4) isase uttaravartI ullekha hai jinadAsa mahattara kI vIra ni0 saM0 1203 kI racanA prAvazyaka cUriMga kA, jisameM ki rathavIrapura meM vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM digambara paramparA kI utpatti kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (5) isa prakAra saMghabheda viSayaka zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM jo ullekha haiM, ve kamaza: vIra ni. saM. 1032, vora ni. saM. 1055 se 1115 ke bIca kI avadhi tathA vIra ni. saM. 1203 ke haiN| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, saMghabheda viSayaka digambara paramparA ke grantha vRhadakathAkoSa, darzanasAra aura bhadrabAhu caritra meM jo ullekha haiM, ve kramazaH vIra ni. saM. 1456, 1460 aura 2065 ke hone ke kAraNa zvetAmbara paramparA ke aAvazyaka niyukti / bhadrabAhu dvitIya ke samaya ke sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI ke liye dekhiye jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, pRSTha 325 se 374 / 2. vizepAvazyaka bhASya, svopaja vRhad vRtti, pRSTha 1020 3. pAvazyaka cUgiNa-upodghAta niyukti, pR0 427-428 Page #264 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 206] [jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 ullekhoM se kramazaH savA cAra sau se lekara 1063 varSa bAda ke haiN| aisI sthiti meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna aura unakI tulanA meM digambara paramparA ke arvAcIna ullekhoM meM se kisa paramparA ke ullekha prAmANikatA kI sImA ke samIpa haiM, isakA anumAna koI bhI vijJa sahaja hI lagA sakatA hai / zvetAmbara digambara matabheda kina paristhitiyoM meM aura kina kAraNoM se hamA, isa sambandha meM donoM paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM ne apane-apane pakSa kI puSTi karate hue apane dRSTikoNa se prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ina donoM paramparAoM dvArA batAye gaye kAraNoM ke tathyAtathya ke nirNaya kA yaha prasaMga nahIM hai| abhI to hameM yApanIya paramparA ke udbhavakAla para vicAra karanA hI abhISTa hai| aisI sthiti meM tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hogaa| saMghabheda ke samaya zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcArya evaM zramaNa-zramaNI samUhoM ne ekAdazAMgI aura anya bhAgamoM ko sarvajJapraNIta evaM gaNadharoM dvArA grathita batAte hue unheM prAmANika mAnA aura unameM jaina dharma ke svarUpa, siddhAntoM evaM zramaraNAcAra Adi kA jisa rUpa meM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, use hI prAmANika tathA AcaraNIya mAnA / isake viparIta digambara paramparA ke prAcAryoM, zramaraNoM Adi ne yaha abhimata vyakta karate hue ki ekAdazAMgI vilupta ho gaI hai, ekAdazAMgI sahita sabhI prAgamoM ko amAnya ghoSita kara diyaa| mUlataH isI prazna ko lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mahAn dharma saMgha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| digambara paramparA kI ora se muniyoM ke nagna rahane ke pakSa meM yaha yukti prastuta kI gaI ki dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAle tIrthaMkara svayaM nagna rahate the ataH zramaraNa ko bhI nirvastra hI rahanA cAhiye / zvetAmbara paramparA kI ora se muniyoM ke lie vastra, pAtra, mukhavastrikA rajoharaNa prAdi dharmopakaraNoM kI AvazyakatA para bala diyA jAtA rahA aura apanI isa bAta kI puSTi ke lie yaha yukti prastuta kI gaI ki dvAdazAMgI ke prathama evaM pramukha aMga prAcArAMga meM muniyoM ko eka vastra, do vastra athavA tIna vastra, pAtra Adi rakhane tathA sAdhviyoM ko cAra vastra rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra gariNapiTaka ke pAMcaveM aMga vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatIsUtra) meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya gaNadhara gautamasvAmI ke vastra, pAtra mukhavastrikA Adi dharmopakaraNoM kA spaSTa ullekha vidyamAna hai| ... jinapraNIta mAgamoM meM muniyoM ke vastra, pAtra, mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa prAdi dharmopakaraNoM kA sthAna-sthAna para ullekha dekhakara hI saMbhavata: nagna rahane vAle sAdhuoM ke samUha ne usa kAla meM upalabdha AgamoM ko amAnya ThaharAte hue isa prakAra kI mAnyatA pracalita kI ki duSSama prAraka ke prabhAva se AgamoM kA lopa ho gayA hai / vastra, pAtra, mukhavastrikA Adi dharmopakaraNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu Page #265 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA / [ 207 samUha ne AgamoM ke vilupta ho jAne kI bAta ko asvIkAra karate hue yahI mAnyatA abhivyakta kI ki AgamoM ke kalevara meM pUrvApekSayA kAlaprabhAvajanya buddhimAnya Adi aneka kAraNoM se yatkicit hrAsa avazya huA hai, kintu jisa rUpa meM Aja Agama avaziSTa haiM, ve sarvajJa-sarvadarzI, vItarAga bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI ke AdhAra para garagadharoM dvArA grathita hI haiN| ina do prakAra kI mAnyatAoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMgha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| yaha vibheda kramazaH kaTu se kaTutara hotA humA kAlAntara meM kahIM atigahana khAI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara cirasthAI na ho jAya aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vizvakalyANakArI mahAna dharmasaMgha kahIM vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta ho chinna-bhinna na ho jAya athavA sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara bha0 mahAvIra kI amRtopama divyavANI ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA prathita parama zreyaskara pAgama loka meM sadA sarvadA ke lie amAnya na ho jAyaM, isa bhAvI AzaMkA se cintita ho katipaya dUradarzI nagna, arddhanagna athavA eka vastradhArI mahAmuniyoM ne do saMghoM ke rUpa meM vibhakta ho rahe mahAna jaina saMgha meM samanvaya banAye rakhane ke saduddezya se, donoM pakSoM ke sAdhuoM ko jor3e rakhane vAlI kar3I ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM pakSoM ke lie sugrAhya ho sake, isa prakAra kA apanA eka samanvayakArI pakSa nimnalikhita rUpa meM rakhA : 1. AcArAMga sUtra ke nirdezAnusAra gopya guptAMgoM ko AcchAdita rakhane hetu sabhI muni alpa mUlya vAlA vastra rkheN| 2. cara athavA acara sUkSma jantuoM ke prANoM kI rakSA hetu mayUra ke sukomala paMkhoM se banA piccha athavA rajoharaNa rkheN| 3. ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta caritra, ananta prAtmabala evaM anupamaaparimeya zArIrika bala ke dhanI tIrthakara prabhu ke anurUpa svarUpa dhAraNa karane kA ekAnta mUlaka haThAgraha athavA kadAgraha isa uttarottara hIyamAna kAla ke muni na kareM kyoMki tIrthaMkara prabhu tIrthapravartana ke pazcAt bhikSATana bhI nahIM karate the, muni vizeSa ke dvArA pAtra meM lAyA huA pAhAra hI grahaNa karate the| ve piccha (rajoharaNa), pAtra, mukhavastrikA Adi dharmopakaraNoM meM meM eka bhI dharmopakaraNa dhAraNa nahIM karate the| aisI sthiti meM kyA eka bhI muni Aja aisA hai, jo piccha aura pAtra (kamaNDalu) kA parityAga kara sakatA ho ? 4. Aja jo pAgama upalabdha haiM, ve sarvajJa praNIta haiN| vItarAga kI vANI ko hRdayaMgama kara gaNadharoM ne AgamoM kI racanA kI hai| pratyeka jaina ke liye, pratyeka Page #266 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 208 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 mumukSu ke liye ye pAgama parama pramANabhUta evaM parama mAnya haiN| ina AgamoM ko hI amAnya ghoSita kara diyA gayA to prAdhyAtmika patha andhakArAcchanna ho jaaygaa| 5. ekAntataH digambaratva ke pakSa kI puSTi hetu vastra ko mukti prApti meM bAdhaka tatva batAkara jo 'strINAM na tadbhave mokSaH' isa siddhAnta kI pratiSThApanA kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai, use nirasta kiyA jAya / striyoM meM bhI puruSoM ke hI samAna adhyayana, cintana, manana, tapazcaraNa, saMyamArAdhana Adi sabhI prakAra kI yogyatAeM haiN| sahanazakti, tapazcaraNa Adi katipaya guNa to aise haiM, jo puruSoM kI apekSA striyoM meM adhika aura sabala ho sakate haiM / puruSoM ke samAna striyAM bhI usI bhava meM mokSa pA sakatI haiN| ataH 'strINAM tadbhave mokSaH" yaha siddhAnta sarvamAnya honA caahiye| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAgamAnusAriNI ina saba mAnyatAoM ke pakSadhara una dUradarzI muniyoM ne apanI ina mAnyatAmoM ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke samakSa rkhaa| pramANAbhAva meM yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kitane zramaraNazramaNiyoM athavA zrAvaka-zrAvikAmoM ne ina mAnyatAoM kA samarthana athavA virodha kiyA, kintu yaha to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki sampUrNa jaina saMgha ina samanvayakArI mAnyatAmoM para eka mata nahIM ho sakA aura usa prathama vibheda ke samaya hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mahAn zramaNa saMgha tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| vIra ni0 saM0 606 athavA 606 meM hI zvetAmbara saMgha, digambara saMgha aura yApanIya saMgha (gopya saMgha-yApulIya saMgha) ina tIna vibhinna ikAiyoM ne vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM hI apanI-apanI mAnyatApnoM ke anurUpa jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra prArambha kara diyaa| __isa prakAra tatkAlIna ghaTanAcakra ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane se yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 606 athavA 606 meM hue saMghabheda ke samaya meM hI yApanIya saMgha kA udaya ho gayA thaa| sva0 zrI nAthUrAma premI, jinakI sabhI vargoM ke jaina vidvAnoM meM eka niSpakSa cintanazIla vidvAn ke rUpa meM gaNanA kI jAtI rahI hai, unhoMne apane "jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa" nAmaka grantha meM devasena prAdi digambarAcAryoM kI .. "zvetAmbara digambara matabheda ke 66 varSa pazcAt yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti huI"-- isa mAnyatA ko nirasta karate hue apanA niSpakSa abhimata nimnalikhita rUpa me vyakta kiyA hai : __ "yadi moTe taura para yaha kahA jAya ki ye tInoM hI sampradAya lagabhaga eka hI samaya ke haiM, to kucha bar3A doSa nahIM hogaa| vizeSakara isaliye ki sampradAyoM kI utpatti kI jo-jo tithiyAM batAI jAtI haiM, ve bahuta sahI nahIM huA krtiiN|"' . 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-pRSTha 56 - Page #267 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 206 saMgha vibheda se 854 varSa pazcAt hue prAcArya devasena aura saMgha vibheda se 1486 varSa pazcAt hue AcArya ratnanandi ke uparilikhita yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke samaya se sambandha rakhane vAle ullekha kitane prAmANika haiM, isakA nirNaya koI bhI vicAraka sahaja hI kara sakatA hai| yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM jo uparyukta abhimata vyakta kiyA gayA hai, vaha kevala anumAna para hI nahIM apitu tatkAlIna tathyoM para bhI prAdhArita hai| daza pUrvaghara prAcArya vajra svAmI ke (vIra ni0 saM0 548 meM 584) samaya meM aura prArya rakSita ke (vIra ni0saM0 584 se 565) samaya meM bhI mAvazyakatAnusAra ekAdhika vastra, pAtra rakhane vAle muni aura gopya aMgoM ko (guptAMgoM ko) mAcchAdita rakhane mAtra ke uddezya se, usa samaya agrahAra nAma se abhihita kiye jAne vAle vastrakhaNDa aura parimita evaM prAvazyaka dharmopakaraNa rakhane vAle muni ekatA ke dRr3ha sUtra meM prAbaddha jaina saMgha meM vidyamAna the, isa prakAra ke ullekha jaina vAGmaya meM prAja bhI upalabdha hote haiN| svayaM prArya va vastrapAtradhArI munisaMgha ke prAcArya ke ziSya the aura dUsarI ora prArya vaja ke pAsa 9 pUrvo ke jJAna kA adhyayana karane vAle prArya rakSita, agrahAra, parimita pAtra aura pAvazyaka dharmopakaraNoM ke dhAraka munisaMgha ke prAcArya the / ' AcArAMga, viyAha paNpatti Adi pramukha aMgazAstroM ke ullekhoM ke anusAra tIrthapravartana kAla se hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM vastra-pAtradhArI sAdhu aura agrahAra prAdi parimita vastra aura parimita pAtrAdi dharmopakaraNoM ke dhAraka muni-donoM hI prakAra ke muni the / pUrvakAla meM viziSTa abhigrahadhArI jinakalpo sAdhunoM ke ullekha bhI prAgamoM aura prAgamika sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI meM prArya vajra aura Arya rakSita ke prAcAryakAla meM bhI donoM prakAra ke veSa vAle muniyoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| isase uttaravartI kAla meM arthAt devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 1002 se 1017 taka sattA meM rahe kadambavaMzI rAjA vijayaziva mRgeza varmA ke rAjyakAla meM bhI dakSiNApatha meM digambara aura zvetAmbara mahAsaMgha kI vidyamAnatA ke prAcIna abhilekha upalabdha hote haiN| iNDiyana enTikverI, volyUma 7, pRSTha 37-38 abhilekha saM0 37 meM kadamba mahArAjA zrIvitrayazivamRgezavarma dvArA diye gaye dAnapatra kI pratilipi vidyamAna hai| usameM nimnalikhita ullekha hai : ___..."prAdikAlarAjavRttAnusArI dharmamahArAjaH kadambAnAM zrIvijayazivamRgeza varma kAlavaMgagrAmaM tridhA vibhajya dattavAn / atra pUrvamarhacchAlA-parama puSkala' vistRta jAnakArI ke liye dekhiye jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, prAcArya vaca maura rakSita ke prakaraNa / Page #268 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 210 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sthAnanivAsibhyaH bhagavadarhanmahAjinendradevatAbhya ekobhAgaH, dvitIyo'rhatproktasaddharmakaraNaparasya * zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMghopabhogAya, tRtIyo nirgranthamahAzramaNa saMghopabhogAyeti ................ / "1 arthAt prAdi kAla ke rAjA bharatacakravartI kI nItiyoM kA anusaraNa karane vAle kadamba rAjavaMza ke mahArAjA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarma ne kAlavaMga nAmaka grAma tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara jaina saMghoM ko dAna meM diyaa| rAjA ne usa kAlavaMga nAmaka grAma ke tIna bhAga kara eka bhAga arhatzAlA parama puSkala sthAna nivAsI sAdhuoM tathA mahatbhagavAn jinendradevoM ke liye, grAma kA dUsarA bhAga vItarAga praNIta saddharma kI paripAlanA meM maharnizaM tatpara zvetAmbara mahA zramaNasaMgha ke upabhoga hetu aura antima tIsarA bhAga nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha ke upabhoga hetu pradAna kiyaa| anumAnataH vikrama kI 5vIM zatAbdI ke antima caturtha caraNa ke isa abhilekha se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 1002 ke Asa-pAsa zvetAmbara muni aura digambara muni-donoM prakAra ke veSa vAle muni bhArata ke sudUrastha dakSiNa prAnta meM bhI vidyamAna the| isI prakAra devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla meM bhI zvetAmbara, digambara, yApanIya aura kevala agrahAra dhAraNa karane vAle tathA bAhara Ane-jAne kI AvazyakatA par3ane para hI kaTipaTTa ko dhAraNa karane vAle muni bhI bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vidyamAna the / isa prakAra ke ullekha vipula mAtrA meM jainavAMgmaya meM mAja bhI upalabdha hote haiN| AvazyakatA par3ane para hI kaTipaTTa dhAraNa karane vAle anyathA kevala agrahAra dhAraNa karane vAle muni vidyamAna the, isakI sAkSI sambodha prakaraNa kI nimnalikhita gAthA detI hai : kIvo na kuNai loyaM, lajjai paDimAi jallamuvaNei / sovAhaNo ya hiNDaI, baMdhai kaDipaTTamakajje // isa gAthA kA antima caraNa "bandhai kaDipaTTamakajje" arthAt akAraNa hI kaTipaTa kamara meM bAMdhatA hai, isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki sambodha prakaraNa ke racanAkAra prAcArya haribhadrasUri ke samaya meM arthAt vikrama saM0 757 se 827-tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1227 se 1267 ke bIca kI avadhi taka aise sAdhu vidyamAna the| ina saba ullekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki tIrthapravartana kAla se lekara prAcArya haribhadrasUri ke samaya taka nirgrantha (viSaya kaSAyoM kI granthiyoM se vihIna) zvetAmbara, eka vastra se lekara tIna vastra taka dhAraNa karane vAle, kevala agrahAra ' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga do, lekha saM068, pRSTha 66 se 72 Page #269 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanAya paramparA ] [ 211 dhAraNa karane vAle, kevala kaTipaTTa dhAraNa karane vAle aura digambara (nirvastra) muni bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNasaMdha meM vidyamAna the| . isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki apratihata vihAra karate samaya tathA bhikSATana karate samaya agrahAra athavA kaTipaTTa dhAraNa karane vAle muni saMghabheda ke samaya arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM bhI vidyamAna the aura unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha ko chinna-bhinna hone, choTe-choTe Tukar3oM meM baMTakara vighaTita na hone dene ke saddezya se hI zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM ke bIca samanvaya banAye rakhane hetu ina donoM sampradAyoM ke bIca kA madhyamArga apanAyA aura unakA saMgha yApanIya saMgha-gopya saMgha athavA mApulIya saMgha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha huaa| yaha hai yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti kA itihAsa jo zvetAmbara aura digambara ina do saMghoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke vibhakta hone ke samaya arthAt vIra ni. saM. 606 meM athavA dharmasaMgha ke vibhakta hone ke eka do dazaka pIche astitva meM aayaa| - yApanIya saMgha ko mAnyatAeM yApanIya saMgha kI mAnyatAeM kyA thIM, isa sambandha meM pUrNa prathavA sAMgopAMga vizad vivaraNa prastuta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki Aja yApanIya paramparA kahIM astitva meM nahIM hai / usako samAcArI evaM mAnyatAoM kA athavA usake dainandina kAryakalApoM arthAt dinacaryA kA vistRta vivaraNa batAne vAlA sAhitya bhI Aja kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / kevala nimnalikhita thor3e se grantha upalabdha hote haiM : 1. zivArya kI mUlArAdhanA, 2. yApanIya prAcArya aparAjita apara nAma vijayAcArya dvArA racita (mUlArAdhanA kI) vijayodayA ttiikaa| 3. zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIrti) dvArA racita strImukti prakaraNa, 4. yApanIya AcArya aparAjitasUri dvArA racita dazavakAlikasUtra kI vijayodayA TIkA ke katipaya uddharaNa 5. zAkaTAyana apara nAma pAlyakIrti dvArA hI racita kevalI-mukti prakaraNa 6. zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIrti) dvArA racita zabdAnuzAsana svopajJa amogha vRtti shit| 7. haribhadrasUri dvArA racita "lalitavistarA" meM yApanIya paramparA kI mAnyatAoM athavA samAcArI ke grantha "yApanIya tantra" ke uddhrnn| Page #270 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 212 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 8. epigrAphikA karNATikA Adi purAtatva ke zodha granthoM meM upalabdha yApa nIya paramparA aura isake garaNoM Adi se sambandhita 31 se Upara zilA lekha tAmrAnuzAsana Adi / 9. jaina sAhitya meM yatra-tatra vikIrNa yApanIya saMgha sambandhI ullekha / . isa sAhitya ke avalokana se yApanIya paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM jo thor3e bahuta tathya prakAza meM lAye jA sakate haiM, ve isa prakAra ho sakate haiM :. digambarAcArya ratnanandi ne 'bhadrabAhucaritra' nAmaka apanI racanA meM ullikhita "dhRtaM digvAsasAM rUpamAcAraH sitavAsasAm / " isa zlokArddha se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki yApanIya saMgha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM aura AcAryoM Adi kA prAcAravicAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke anurUpa thA / isase yaha svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki yApanIya paramparA kI mAnyatAeM adhikAMza meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM se milatI-julatI thiiN| 2. yApanIya saMgha kI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa ullekha yApanIya prAcArya evaM pATha mahA vaiyAkaraNoM meM se pAMcaveM mahAn vaiyAkaraNI zAkaTAyana dvArA racita, pUrvakAla meM atIva lokapriya vyAkaraNa 'zabdAnuzAsana' kI svopajJa amoghavRtti meM upalabdha hote haiN| una ullekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki yApanIya saMgha una sabhI AgamagranthoM (Avazyaka, chedasUtra, niyukti, dazavakAlika Adi) ko usI prakAra apane prAmANika dharmagrantha mAnatA thA jisa prakAra ki zvetAmbara paramparA prArambha se lekara Aja taka mAnatI A rahI hai| 'amogha vatti' ke ve mahattvapUrNa ullekha isa prakAra haiM : "etamAvazyakamadhyApaya", "iyamAvazyakamadhyApaya / " (amoghavRtti, 1-2203-204) "bhavatA khalu chedasUtra voDhavyam / niyuktIradhISva niyuktI-radhIyate / " (amoghavRtti 4-4-113-40) "kAlikasUtrasyAnadhyAyadezakAlAH paThitAH / " (amoghavRtti 3-2-47) "atho kSamAzramaNaiste jJAnaM dIyate / " (amoghavRtti 1-2-201) yApanIya saMgha ke inhIM mahAvaiyAkaraNI prAcArya zAkaTAyana-apara nAma pAlyakIrti ne jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai "strImukti prakaraNa" aura "kevalibhukti prakaraNa" nAmaka do laghu granthoM kI racanA kara "strI usI bhava meM mokSa jA sakatI hai" aura "kevalI kavalAhAra grahaNa karate haiM" ina donoM mAnyatAoM ko bar3e hI Page #271 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 213 yauktika DhaMga se siddha kiyA hai| yaha to sarvavidita hai ki digambara paramparA "na strINAM tadbhave mokSaH" aura "kevalinaH kavalAhAro na bhavati", arthAt striyAM usI bhava meM mokSa nahIM jA sakatIM aura jinako kevalajJAna ho gayA hai, ve kavala yAni grAsa ke rUpa meM AhAra (sthUla mAhAra) nahIM karate-ina do mAnyatAoM ko mAnatI aura ina mAnyatAoM kA pracAra karatI hai| isake viparIta zvetAmbara paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki striyAM usI bhava meM mokSa jA sakatI haiM aura kevala jJAna kI utpatti ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI kevalI kavalAhAra grahaNa karate haiN| isa prakAra yApanIya paramparA bhI zvetAmbara paramparA kI hI taraha strImukti aura kevalIbhukti ke siddhAnta kI pakSadhara thI, yaha spaSTa hai| ___ yApanIya prAcArya zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIrti) vikrama kI navamIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya the| inase pUrva ke (vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke) yApanIya prAcArya aparAjitasUri (vijayAcArya) ne vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke apanI paramparA ke prAcIna prAcArya dvArA racita 2170 gAthAnoM vAle vRhat grantha ArAdhanA (mUlArAghanA) para vijayodayA nAma kI TIkA kI racanA kii| inhIM yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya aparAjitasUri (vijayAcArya) ne zvetAmbara aura yApanIya-donoM paramparAoM dvArA samAna rUpa se mAnya dazavakAlikasUtra para bhI vijayodayA nAma kI TIkA kI racanA kI / vijayodayA nAma kI ina donoM TIkAmoM meM se prArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA prAja bhI upalabdha hai| dazavaikAlika para likhI gaI pUrNa vijayodayA TIkA to vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai kintu usake aneka uddharaNa prAja bhI upalabdha evaM surakSita haiM / ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM svayaM aparAjitasUri ne dazavakAlikasUtra para svayaM dvArA likhI gaI vijayodayA TIkA kA ullekha karate hae likhA hai :-dazavakAlika TIkAyAM zrI vijayodayAyAM prapaMcitA udgamAdi doSA iti neha pratanyate / arthAt dazavakAlika kI vijayodayA TIkA meM udgamAdi doSoM kA varNana kara diyA gayA hai| ataH yahAM piSTa-peSaNa nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai / aparAjitasUri dvArA ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM kiye gaye ullekha se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki unhoMne apane pUrvAcArya kI racanA "bhArAdhanA" kI apekSA jainAgama dazavaikAlikasUtra ko adhika mahattva dete hue mArAdhanA para TIkA kI racanA karane se pUrva dazavakAlika para TIkA kI racanA kii| aparAjitasUri apara nAma vijayAcArya ne mArAdhanA kI TIkA meM sthAnasthAna para apane pakSa kI puSTi hetu zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya pAcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana prAdi prAgamoM ke uddharaNa pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue muniyoM ko dharmopakaraNa ke rUpa meM vastra, pAtra, kambala, pAdapucharaNa, rakhane, aAvazyakatAnusAra eka, do athavA tIna vastra rakhane, unakI pratilekhanA karane prAdi kA spaSTa zabdoM meM Page #272 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 214 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 samarthana kiyA hai| bhagavatI prArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM yApanIya prAcArya aparAjitasUri ne prAcArAMgAdi prAgamoM ke uddharaNa apane pakSa kI puSTi meM diye haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. 'yA vaM manyase pUrvAgaMmeSu vastrapAtrAdigrahaNamupadiSTaM tatkathaM ? 2. 'mAcArapraNidhau bhariNataM' 3. 'pratilekhet pAtrakambalaM dhruvamiti, prasatsu pAtrAdiSu kathaM pratilekhanA dhruvaM kriyate ?' 4. prAcArasyApi dvitIyAdhyayano lokavicayo nAma, tasya paMcame uddeze eva muktam-"paDileheNaM pAdapuMchaNaM uggahaM kadAsaNaM aNNadaraM uvadhi pAvejja / " 5. vatthesaNAe vRttaM tattha ese hirimaNe segaM vatthaM vA dhArejja, paDilehaNaM bidiyaM / etya ese juggide dese duve vatyANi dhArejja paDilehaNa tidiyaM / etya ese parissahaM praNadhihAsassa tago vatthANi dhArejja paDilehaNaM cautthaM / 6. punazcokta tatraiva-"pAlAbupattaM vA dArugapattaM vA maTTigapattaM vA appapANaM appabIjaM appasaridaM tahA appAkAraM pAtralAbhe sati paDiggahissAmIti" vastrapAtre yadi na grAhya kathametAni sUtrANi nIyante ? 7. varisaM cIvaradhArI tena paramacelago jiNo / 8. Na kaheja dhammakahaM vatthapattAdihedumidi / 6. kasiNAI vatthakaMbalAiM jo bhikkhu paDiggahidi pajjadi mAsigaM lahugaM idi / 10. dvitIyamapi sUtraM kArasamapekSya vastragrahaNamityasya prasAdhakaM prAcArAMge vidyate-"maha puraNa eyaM jANejja-pAtikate hemaMtehiM supaDivaNNe se pratha paDi... juNNamuvarSi padiTThAvejja / ' vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke yApanIya prAcArya zivArya dvArA bhagavatI mArAdhanA meM ullikhita metArya muni kA pAkhyAna, adhikAMza gAthAeM aura uddhata kalpa vyavahAra Adi atazAstra jisa rUpa meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya haiM usI prakAra usI rUpa meM yApanIya paramparA meM bhI mAnya the| bhagavatI mArAdhanA kI gAthA saMkhyA 427 kI yApanIya prAcArya aparAjita (vijayAcArya) dvArA racita vijayodayA TIkA / Page #273 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 215 ____ina upari likhita tathyoM evaM uddharaNoM se yaha siddha hai ki prArambha meM yApanIya paramparA kI mAnyatAeM evaM prAcAra-vicAra zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAmoM aura prAcAra-vicAra ke adhikAMzataH anurUpa hI the| darzanaprAbhRta ke TIkAkAra digambarAcArya zrutasAgarasUri ne yApanIyoM kI mAnyatAoM para kucha aura adhika prakAza DAlate hue darzana prAmRta kI TIkA meM likhA hai :-"yApanIyAstu besarA iva ubhayaM manyante, ratnatrayaM pUjanti, kalpaM ca vAcayanti, strINAM tadbhave mokSaM, kevalijinAnAM kavalAhAraM para-zAsane sagranthAnAM mokSaM ca kathayanti / " arthAta-yApanIya loga to binA nAtha (nAka kI rassI) ke bailoM kI taraha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAmoM kI bAtoM ko mAnate haiN| ve loga ratnatraya kI pUjA karate haiM, kalpasUtra kI vAcanA karate haiM, striyoM kA usI bhava meM mokSa honA mAnate haiN| ve kevaliyoM kA kavalAhAra aura jainetara dharma ke anuyAyiyoM kA sagranthAvasthA arthAt savastrAvasthA meM bhI mokSa mAnate haiN| isa ullekha meM 'ratnatrayaM pUjayanti' isa vAkya ko dekhakara zodhArthiyoM ke mana meM yaha prazna bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai ki kyA zrutasAgarasUri ke samaya meM yApanIyoM meM koI aisA sAdhusamUha bhI thA jo tIthaMkaroM kI mUrti ke sthAna para ratnatrayasamyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyakacAritra kI pUjA karatA thA? zrutasAgarasUri dvArA ullikhita yApanIyoM kI zeSa saba mAnyatAeM zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAmoM ke samAna hI haiN| darzana prAbhRta kI TIkA ke upayullikhita uddharaNa-'kalpaM ca vAcayanti'isa vAkya ko dekhakara to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI mAnyatAmoM meM koI antara hI nahIM thA, athavA ve isa mAnyatA kI dRSTi se to zvetAmbaroM ke bilkula samIpa hI the| __ zvetAmbarAcArya guNaratna ne yApanIya sAdhuoM ke veSa aura unake do tIna kArya-kalApoM para prakAza DAlate hue SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki yApanIya saMgha ke muni nagna rahate haiM, mora kI picchI rakhate haiM, pANitalabhojI haiM, nagna mUrtiyoM kI pUjA karate haiM tathA vandana-namaskAra karane para zrAvakoM ko 'dharmalAbha' kahate haiN| 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' (mUlArAdhanA) ke gahana adhyayana, cintana aura manana se yApanIya saMgha kI aura bhI aneka pramukha mAnyatAoM kA patA calatA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mUlArAdhanA ke 'vijahaNAdhikAra' kI nimnalikhita gAthAnoM se vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM yApanIya paramparA ke sAdhuoM meM pracalita eka AzcaryakArI rIti-nIti athavA pracalana kA patA calatA hai : Page #274 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 216 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 evaM kAlagadassa du, sarIramaMtovahijja bAhiM vaa|| vijjAvaccakae taM, payaM vi kiM caMti jadagAe // 1966 / / vemAriNo thalagado, sammami jo disi ya vaarnnvitrpro| gaDDAe bhavaraNavAsI, esa gadI se samAsaNNe // 2000 / / ina gAthAnoM kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai:-yadi kisI sAdhu kA dehAvasAna ho jAya to sAdhu loga hI usa zava ko apane kandhoM para uThA kara dUra jaMgala meM ekAnta meM le jAkara yatanApUrvaka vahAM rakha deM aura apane sthAna para loTa pAbeM / dUsare dina punaH jaMgala meM usI sthAna para jAyeM aura usI zava kI jAMca par3atAla kreN| yadi vaha zava jisa dazA meM rakhA gayA thA, usI dazA meM samatala bhUmi para mile to samajhanA cAhiye ki usa sAdhu kA jIva vaimAnika devoM meM utpanna ho gayA hai| yadi zava kisI dUsarI dizA kI bhora mur3A mile to samajha liyA jAya ki vaha jIva bAragavyantara deva ke rUpa meM utpanna ho gayA hai| yadi vaha zava kisI gaDDhe meM par3A mile to samajhanA cAhiye ki usa sAdhu kA jIva bhavanavAsI devoM meM utpanna ho gayA hai| ina gAthAmoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI taka yApanIya saMgha meM yaha paripATI athavA prathA pracalita thI ki kisI sAdhu ke divaMgata ho jAne para usake zava ko sAdhu hI apane kaMdhoM para uThAkara jaMgala meM le jAkara rakha mAte the| __ vIra ni0 saM0 584 (vi0 saM0114) se vIra ni0 saM0 565 (vi0 saM0 125) ke bIca kI avadhi meM yugapradhAnAcArya pada para rahe prArya rakSita ke samaya meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI isI prakAra kI paripATI pracalita thii| kisI sAdhu kA prANAnta ho jAne para usake zava ko sAdhu hI apane kandhoM para uThA kara le jAte the aura jaMgala meM yatanApUrvaka samatala bhUmi para rakha mAte the| isa sambandha meM prabhAvaka caritra ke nimnalikhita zloka draSTavya haiM : anyadAnazanAt sAdhI, paralokamupasthite / / saMzitA munayo dehotsargAya prabhuNA dam // 16 // gItAryA yatayastatra, kSamAzramaNapUrvakam / mahaM prathamikAM cakrustatandUhane tdaa||170|| kopAmAsAd guruH prAha, puNyaM yuSmAbhireva tat / / upArjanIyamanyUnaM, na tu naH svajanavajaiH // 171 / / a tveti janaka: prAha, yadi puNyaM mahad bhavet / mahaM vahe prabhuH prAha, bhavatvevaM punaH zRNu / / 172 / / Page #275 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 217 upasargA bhavantyasminnuhyamAne tato nijam / ke tAtamanumanye'hamasmin duSkarakarmaNi // 173 / / upasargaryadi kSubhyeta, tannaH syAdapamaMgalam / vijJAyetyucitaM yat tat, tad vidhehi samAdhinA / / 174 / / vahiSyAmyeva kimahaM niHsatvo durbalo'thavA / etebhyo mAmakInA tanna kAryA kApyanirvRtiH // 175 / / purA pratyUhasaMghAto, vedamantrairmayA htH| samastasyApi rAjyasya, rASTrasya nRpatestadA / / 176 / / tataH saMvoDhurasyAMze, zavaM zavarathasthitam / pAcakarSa nirvasanaM, zizavaH pUrvarakSitAH / / 177 // antardU no'pyasau putra, pratyUhabhayato na tat / amucat tata utsRjya, sthaNDile vavale rayAt // 178 / / ina zlokoM kA sArAMza yaha hai ki eka dina eka sAdhu ne apanI prAyukA avasAna kAla samIpa samajha kara prazana-pAnAdi kA parityAga kara diyA aura mAlocanA-saMlekhanApUrvaka prANotsarga kiyaa| usako nimitta banA somadeva se kaTivastra chur3avAne ke uddezya se prArya rakSita ne ekAMta meM sAdhunoM se kahA-"maiM khanta ke samakSa kahaMgA ki divaMgata sAdhu ke zava ko jo uThA kara le jAtA hai, use mahAn phala hotA hai / karmoM kI vipula nirjarA hotI hai| isa para pUrvadIkSita aura vidvAn donoM hI prakAra ke sabhI sAdhu yaha kaheM ki hama isa sAdhu ke pArthiva zarIra ko vahana kreNge|" tadanantara prAcArya rakSita ke yaha kahane para ki sAdhu ke zava ko uThAkara le jAne vAle ko bahuta bar3A phala milatA hai, sabhI sAdhu usa zava ko uThAne athavA vahana karane ke liye uTha khar3e hue aura zava ko uThAne ke liye tatpara ho sabhI kramazaH kahane lage "isa zava ko maiM uThAUMgA kyoMki maiM pUrvadIkSita huuN| koI kahane lagA ki maiM uThAUMgA kyoMki maiM jJAnavRddha hN|" isa para kRtrima kopapUrNa svara meM prArya rakSita ne una sAdhuoM se kahA-"pApa hI saba loga kahate haiM ki hama zava ko DhoyeMge, to kyA Apa saba yaha cAhate haiM ki merA koI prAtmIya apane karmoM kI nirjarA na kare, kevala pApa loga hI nirjarA kara leM?" yaha suna kara vayovRddha santa somadeva ne prArya rakSita se pUchA "kyA putra! isa kArya meM vipula nirjarA hotI hai ?" isa para prAcArya ne kahA--"hAM tAta ! avazyameva, isameM kahanA hI kyA hai|" isa para somadeva ne kahA-"to maiM bhI zava ko avazya hI vahana kruuNgaa|" Page #276 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 218 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 prAcArya rakSita ne kahA- "isa kArya meM aneka upasarga hote haiN| balAe baccoM ke rUpa meM upasthita ho nagna kara detI haiM / yadi una upasargoM se Apa kahIM vicalita ho gaye to merA aniSTa ho jaaygaa|" somadeva kA svAbhimAna jAgRta ho uThA aura unhoMne kahA-"maiM ghora se ghora upasarga ko sahana karane meM samartha huuN| maiM koI nissatva vyakti nahIM huuN| eka bAra maiMne rAjya, rAjA, prajA aura rASTra kI vedamantroM ke bala para ghora daivI Apatti se rakSA kI thii| maiM avazyameva zava ko utthaauuNgaa|" isa prakAra Arya rakSita ne khanta somadeva ko sudRr3ha evaM susthira kara diyA aura anya sAdhuoM ke sAtha vRddha sAdhu somadeva ne bhI usa svargastha sAdhu ke zava ko apane kandhoM para vahana kiyA / jisa mArga se zava le jAyA jA rahA thA, usa mArga meM eka sthAna para eka ora Arya rakSita kA sAdhdI samUha khar3A huA thaa| saMketAnusAra bAlakoM ne somadeva ke kaTivastra ko utArA aura kaTi pradeza ke agrabhAga kI ora eka sUtra se bAMdha diyaa| isa para somadeva lajjita to hae ki mArga meM unakI putravadhue, putriyAM aura dohitriyAM Adi dekha rahI haiM, kintu apane putra ke aniSTa kI AzaMkA se zava ko yathAvat Dhoye hue calate rahe / zava ko ve ekAMta pradeza meM le gaye aura vahAM samatala bhUmi para zava ko rakha anya sAdhuoM ke sAtha vahIM lauTa Aye jahAM Arya rakSita virAjamAna the| ArAdhanA aura prabhAvakacaritra ke upayuddha ta ullekhoM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM saMghoM ke sAdhuoM meM samAna rUpa se yaha paripATI pracalita thI ki divaMgata sAdhu ke zava ko sAdhu-varga kandhoM para uThA kara jaMgala meM rakha pAtA thaa| ___ svayaM yApanIya paramparA ke prAcAryoM dvArA racita granthoM tathA zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke prAcAryoM dvArA nirmita graMthoM ke uparivariNata ullekhoM se yApanIya paramparA kI pramukha mAnyatAoM evaM usa paramparA ke sAdhanoM ke AcAra-vicAra Adi para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai / ina saba ullekhoM se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yApanIya paramparA kI mAnyatAe, yApanIya paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke prAcAra-vicAra Adi zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcAra-vicAra se digambara paramparA kI apekSA adhika mela khAte the| . zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana kI amoghavRtti ke ullekhoM aura aparAjita sUri dvArA mUlArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TokA meM apane pakSa kI puSTi hetu prastuta kiye gaye Page #277 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 216 AcArAMgAdi AgamoM ke uddharaNoM evaM aparAjita sUri dvArA nirmita dazavakAlikasUtra kI vijayodayA TIkA se yaha eka atIva mahatvapUrNa tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki yApanIya saMgha AcArAMga sUtra se lekara kalpa-sUtra taka una sabhI AgamoM ko prAmANika dharmazAstra mAnatA thA, jinako zvetAmbara paramparA mAnatI thii| ina saba ullekhoM para vicAra karane ke anantara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArambha meM yApanIya paramparA aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke bIca TakarAva ko kiMcitmAtra bhI avakAza nahIM thaa| prArambhika sthiti meM yadi yaha kahA jAya ki zvetAmbara paramparA aura yApanIya paramparA donoM AgamAnusAra hI dharma ke pAlana evaM upadeza meM prAyaH samAna thI to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| yApanIya paramparA dvArA eka bahuta bar3A parivartana yApanIya paramparA kI upari variNata mAnyatAoM aura usa paramparA ke zramaNazramaNI varga ke AcAra-vicAra se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yApanIya paramparA katipaya zatAbdiyoM taka viharUka arthAt apratihata vihArI hI rhii| cAturmAsakAla ko chor3a kara zeSa varSa ke ATha mahInoM meM ve deza ke vibhinna pradezoM meM vicaraNa karate hue dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karate rhe| para kAlAntara meM sambhava hai ki caityavAsiyoM ke bar3hate hue prabhAva ko dekhakara yApanIya saMgha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne, prAcAryoM ne aura anuyAyiyoM ne bhI niyata nivAsa ko apane saMgha ke pracAra ke liye paramAvazyaka samajhakara IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM apanAnA prArambha kara diyA ho / mUla pAgama meM pratipAdita apratihata vihAra ko chor3akara jo niyatanivAsa aMgIkAra kiyA gayA yaha jainadharma saMgha meM, zramaNAcAra evaM dharma ke svarUpa meM eka bahuta bar3e parivartana kA kAraNa bnaa| . niyata nivAsa ko aMgIkAra karane ke kAraNa yApanIya paramparA ko bhI apane zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke prAvAsa hetu vasatiyoM kA nirmANa, mandiroM kA nirmANa, dharma ke pracAra hetu vidvAnoM ko taiyAra karane ke lie vidyAlayoM Adi kA nirmANa bhI karavAnA par3A / ina saba kAryakalApoM ke liye jaba dhana kI AvazyakatA huI to yApanIyoM ne bhI zraddhAlu bhaktoM se evaM bhakta rAjAoM se dravya dAna, bhUmi-dAna aura grAma-dAna Adi lene prArambha kara diye / IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM kadambavaMzI rAjA zrI vijayazivamRgezavarma ne kAlabaMga nAma grAma kA eka tihAI bhAga, ahaMta zAlA, parama puSkala sthAna-nivAsI sAdhuoM tathA jinendra devoM ke liye jo diyA, vaha vastutaH yApanIya saMgha ke zramaNoM ko hI diyA gayA dAna thA / lekha saMkhyA 96 (jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2) meM kadamba vaMzI rAjA zAntivarmA dvArA yApanIya saMgha ko palAzikA nAma nagara meM jinAlaya ke nirmANa ke liye dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra lekha saMkhyA 100 meM kadambavaMzI rAjA zAntivarmA ke pautra ravivarmA dvArA Page #278 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 220 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 yApanIya saMgha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke liye cAra mAsa taka bhojana prAdi kI vyavasthA hetu pUru kheTakaM nAma grAma-dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai / yApanIyoM dvArA mAnya zrAcArAMga zrAdi sabhI zrAgamoM meM kiMcitamAtra bhI parigraha kA rakhanA sAdhu ke liye pUrNa rUperaNa varjita hai / para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki niyata nivAsa aMgIkAra karane ke anantara hI yApanIya paramparA ke sAdhuoM ko mandiroM aura sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie dAna grahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA par3I ho / zAstroM meM bhikSuka ke liye bhikSATana dvArA hI apanI bhojana, vastra, pAtra Adi kI AvazyakatA pUrti kA kaThora vidhAna hai / pradhAkarmI sadoSa AhAra evaM rAjapiNDa to sAdhu mAtra ke liye jainAgamoM meM viSavat varjanIya batAyA gayA hai / mRgeza varma, zrI vijaya zivamRgeSavarma aura ravi varmA dvArA diye gaye bhUmi dAnoM, grAma-dAnoM Adi ke anantara to aise zilAlekhoM se purAtAtvika zodhagrantha bhare par3e haiM, jinameM yApanIya paramparA, bhaTTAraka paramparA, digambara paramparA aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke saMghoM aura zrAcAryoM dvArA bhUmidAna, grAmadAna, dravyadAna, bhavanadAna Adi graharaNa kiye jAne ke agariNata ullekha haiM / vastutaH yaha saba prAgama virodhI AcaraNa niyata nivAsa aMgIkAra karane kA hI pratiphala pratIta hotA hai / isI taraha yApanIyoM meM pracalita mUrti pUjA kI paramparA bhI yApanIyoM dvArA niyata nivAsa aMgIkAra kara lene kA pariNAma lagatA haiM / darzana prAbhRta ke TIkAkAra digambarAcArya zrutasAgara sUri ne darzana prAbhRta kI TIkA meM jo yApanIya paramparA kI mAnyatAoM kA digdarzana kiyA hai, usameM yApanIyoM ke liye likhA hai "ratnatrayaM pUjayanti " | isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki prArambhika kAla meM yApanIya sAdha-sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikA garaNa ratnatraya kI pUjA karate the na ki mUrti pUjA / eka sthAna meM niyata nivAsa prArambha karane ke pazcAt caityavAsiyoM kI dekhA-dekhI sambhavataH yApanIyoM meM bhI mUrti pUjA kA pracalana prArambha huA ho aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / 'jainijma ina aralI mIDievala karnATaka' nAmaka apanI pustaka meM rAmabhUSaNaprasAda siMha ne likhA hai "Naturally the early Jainas did not practice image worship, which finds no place in the Jaina canonical literature. The early Digambara texts from Karnataka do not furnish authentic information on this point, and the description of their mUla guraNa and uttara guNa meant for lay worshippers do not refer to image worship. But idol worship first appeared in the early centuries of the christian era, and elaborate rules were developed for performing the different rituals of Jaina worship during early mediaval times." 1. jainijma ina aralI mIDiyebala kararNATaka bAI rAmabhUSaraNa prasAdasiMha peja 23 motIlAla banArasIdAsa dvArA san 1975 meM dillI se prakAzita / www.jahelibrary.org Page #279 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yopanIya paramparA ] [ 221 / mUrti pUjA ke sambandha meM eka nahIM, apitu aneka niSpakSa vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana nahIM thaa| yApanIyoM ke viSaya meM zrutasAgara ke-"ralatrayaM pUjayanti", isa ullekha se yahI anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki eka mAtra AdhyAtmika bhAvapUjA meM aTUTa AsthA rakhane vAle jainoM meM samaya kI pukAra ke anusAra prArambha meM ratnatraya kI evaM tatpazcAt caraNa yugala aura antatogatvA mUrti kI pUjA pracalita huI ho| prAcIna purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke avalokana se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki jaina dharma ke vibhinna saMghoM ke prAcAryoM ne dhArmika asahiSNutA ke madhyayugIna saMkrAnti kAla meM jainetara dharmasaMghoM dvArA jaina dharma saMgha ko kSati pahu~cAne ke sabhI prakAra ke prayAsoM ko viphala karane meM apanI ora se kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rkhii| bauddha saMgha Adi jainetara saMghoM dvArA anya dharmasaMghoM ke anuyAyiyoMupAsakoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karane evaM apane dharmasaMgha ke sadasya banAne ke liye jina-jina aAkarSaka upAyoM kA avalambana liyA una upAyoM ko nirastaniSphala banAne ke liye jainAcAryoM ne bhI nayI-nayI vidhAnoM, dhArmika anuSThAnoM kI praNAliyoM, dhArmika prAyojanoM-utsavoM, aSTAhnika-- mahotsavoM. sAmUhika tIrtha yAtrAoM Adi kA samaya-samaya para abhinava rUpeNa AviSkAra kara jaina dharma saMgha ko kSINa-durbala athavA naSTa hone tathA anya zaiva bauddhAdi dharmAvalambiyoM kA zikAra hone se bcaayaa| tatkAlIna ghaTanAcakra ke paryavekSaNa se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki yApanIya saMgha una abhinava dhArmika praNAliyoM ke AviSkAra karane meM anya saMghoM se apekSayA agraNI hI rahA evaM isa taraha anya tIthiyoM kI chAyA jaina dharma saMgha para nahIM par3ane dii| ___ yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki mahArAjA kaniSka ne bauddha dharma meM sarvaprathama mUrtipUjA kA pracalana kiyaa| mUrtipUjA ke prazna ko lekara zaktizAlI bauddha dharma saMgha mahAyAna aura hInayAna-ina do saMghoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| kaniSka dvArA pracalita buddha pratimA aura usakI AkarSaka pratiSThA-pUjA Adi vidhAtroM se jaina dharma saMgha kI rakSA hetu kaniSka ke rAjya ke cauthe varSa (vIra ni. saM. 606) meM jaina saMgha ne bhI mathurA ke ati prAcIna bauddha stUpa (tIrthakara kI praurdhvadehika kriyAnantara citAsthala para nirmita smAraka-stUpa) meM jinendra kI mUrti kI sthApanA kii| jaina dharma meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana kisa prakAra huA, isa para prakAza DAlate hue taTastha vidvAnoM ne apanA abhimata nimnalikhita rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai : "Kanyakumari, otherwise known as Cape Comorin, the Land's End of India is one of the most sacred centres of pilgrimage to the Hindus. But it is astonishing to note that the sacred place was once a centre of Jain Page #280 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 888) / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pilgrimage. One of the twin rocks now named after Swami Vivekananda, has been held in veneration from very ancient times. Apart from its having assumed the Swamiji's name latterly the rock has been traditionally kpown as "Shri Paadapaarai". Sripada means the sacred feet and paarai is rock. lo all probability we can say that the Jain monks on the way to Ceylon consecrated a Shrine of Sripada on the rock wbich was part of the main land. There is on the rock a projection, similar to a human foot in form and a little brownish in colour, which has traditionally been revered as a symbol of one of the Tirtbankaras. The worship of foot prints is a common feature in Jainism. During his visit to the Mount Abu, Sir Monier Williams writes in his book--"Buddhism" that, "Jains are quite ardent foot-printworshippers. Nearly cvery Shrine at the summit consisted of a little domed canopy of marble, covering two foot prints of some one of the 24 Tirthankaras (especially Parshwanath) impressed on a marble alter. Groups of worshippers bowed down before the shrines and deposited offerings of money, rice, almonds, raisips and spices on the foot marks." He opines that Jainisni first introduced foot-print-worship in Indian religion. Practically thc worship of foot prints is so closely connected to Jainism that no other religion can claim the origin of it. There are a number of references to foot print worship in ancicnt Tamil literary works of Jaio authors. In Tamilnad the fuot prints Gundagundacharya are rovered in Punnur hills and of Vamana Muni ip Jain Kanchi. Io Sravanabelgola the foot prints of Bhadrabahu and of Chandra Gupta Maurya have been inscribed and they are held in high esteem by the pilgrims.. The sacred rock bearing the foot prints of a Tirthanhara playcu an important part in the life of Swamy Vivekanand. It has the same significance in his life as the Bodhi tree in the life of Lord Buddha. During his visit to Cape Comorin on the 25th December, 1892 Swamiji swam across the sea towards the rock nearly 200 yards from the land and sat there ibe whole night in deep niedilation. It is said thai the Gnana (5717) he received here lit up his path and this devine enlightenment transformed the simple mook into a great master builder of the nation as well as a great religious teacher of the world. Thereafter Sripaadapaarai began to be known as the Vivekananda rock. The sanctity of the place was thus enhanced by the holy visit of Swami Vivekanand." . "kanyAkumArI kI uparyukta do pahAr3iyoM meM se eka pahAr3I para jo pavitra caraNa uTTa kina hai, vaha vastutaH tIrthakara (sambhavataH bhagavAn pArzvanAtha) kA hI Page #281 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 223 caraNa cihna hai", apane isa abhimata kI puSTi karate hue esa. padmanAbhana ne apanI pustaka "phoragoTana hisTrI Apha dI laiMDsa eNDa' meM Age likhA hai : Monuments found in these parts testify to the prevalence of Jainism in the olden days. There is epigrafic evidence to show that there were flourishing Jain settlements in Kottar, Kurandi, Tiruchcharanathumalai and Tirunandikka rai which are all in the present district of Kanyakumari. From the Jain vestiges and inscriptions found in Samanarmalai, Kalugumalai and Tiruchcharanathumalai in the districts of Madurai, Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari respectively, we learn that a large number of Jain monks who were there hailed from the above four places in Kanyakumari district, the erudite scholars and their disciples from these centres of learning left votive images cut on the rocks in different centres of Jain culture." esa. padmanAbhana dvArA kiye gaye uparyullikhita uddharaNa kA sArAMza yaha hai ki kanyAkumArI pradeza prAcInakAla meM-jaina sAdhuoM, jaina vidvAnoM, jaina dharma ke pracArakoM evaM jaina darzana kA zikSaNa kendra thaa| kanyAkumArI se usa samaya jaina zramaraNa, jaina vidvAn bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM tathA laMkA Adi videzoM meM bhI jaina dharma ke pracAra ke lie jAte hI rahate the| kanyAkumArI ke sAgara taTa ke pAsa samudra meM jo do pahAr3iyAM hai unameM se eka pahAr3I para kisI mahAmAnava ke eka caraNa kA pavitra cihna khudA huA hai / vaha caraNa cihna halke bhUre raMga kA hai / isa pada cihna ke kAraNa vaha pahAr3I paramparA se "zrIpAdapArai" ke nAma se lokoM meM prasiddha hai| zrIpAda kA artha hai pavitra caraNa aura "pArai" kA artha hai phaadd'ii| vartamAna kanyAkumArI jile ke kottara, kuNDI, tirucaranattamale aura tirunandikkara kSetroM se jo purAtatva kI sAmagrI prApta huI hai, usase yaha bhalIbhAMti siddha hotA hai ki ina cAroM kSetroM meM prAcInakAla meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI prati ghanI aura bar3I hI samunnata vastiyAM thiiN| zramaNAramala, kalugumalai evaM tiruccaranattumale, jo ki kramaza: madurai, tirunelvelI aura kanyAkumArI jiloM meM avasthita haiM, ina tIna kSetroM se jo prAcIna jaina dharma sambandhI avazeSa evaM zilAlekha Adi vipula mAtrA meM purAtatva vibhAga ko prApta hue haiM, unase hameM vizvAsa hotA hai ki ina tIna kSetroM meM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jo jaina zramaraNa usa prAcIna kAlAvadhi meM vidyamAna the ve kanyAkumArI jile ke uparilikhita kottara, kuraNDI aAdi cAra kSetroM se pAye the| jaina siddhAntoM ke uccakoTi ke vidvAn zikSAzAstriyoM aura unake sakala vidyAniSNAta snAtaka jaba jaina saMskRti ke vizvavidyAlaya ke stara ke una zikSA kendroM se deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM gaye to ve eka sudIrghAvadhi taka una vizvavidyAlayoM meM apanI upasthiti kI pAne vAlI pIr3hiyoM ko cirakAla taka smRti dilAte rahane ke uddezya se vahA~ kI parvatamAlAnoM kI caTTAnoM meM aneka mUrtiyAM evaM zilAlekha uTTa kita kara vahAM chor3a gye| ina maba purAtAtvika sAkSyoM se hamAre isa anumAna para AdhArita vizvAsa kI puSTi Page #282 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 224 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa --bhAga 3 . hotI hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA padacihna bhI kanyAkumArI se laMkA kI ora prasthAna karane vAle vidvAn zramaNoM ne athavA jaina dharma ke pracArakoM ne kanyAkumArI ke sAgara taTa ke pAsa samudra meM avasthita ina do caTTAnoM meM se eka caTTAna para uTTakita kiyA hogaa| sAgarataTa se 200 gaja kI dUrI para samudra meM avasthita "zrIpAdapArai" nAmaka caTTAna para jo mAnava kA caraNacihna uTTa kita hai, vaha caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se kisI eka tIrthaMkara kA (saMbhavata: bha0 pArzvanAtha kA) caraNacihna hai, apane isa abhimata kI puSTi meM zrI padmanAbhana ne uparilikhita uddharaNoM meM sara viliyama monyora nAmaka eka zodhapriya pAzcAtya vidvAn kA abhimata prastuta kiyA hai, usakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : ____ "caraNacihna kI pUjA sunizcita rUpa se jainadharma meM hI kisI samaya pracalita huI, isa tathya kI puSTi karate hue sara monyora viliyama ne AbU parvata kI yAtrA karate samaya "buddhijma-(bauddha dharma)" nAmaka apanI pustaka meM likhA hai-yaha eka nirvivAda satya hai ki jaina loga hI sabase pahale caraNacihnoM (pagaliyoM) kI pUjA ke mAviSkAraka haiN| isa parvata para jitane bhI jaina mandira haiM, una saba meM stambhoM para prAdhArita gumbajAkAra chata vAle choTe dehare haiM, jinameM makarAne ke patthara ke zilAkhaNDa para caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se kisI eka tIrthaMkara ke aura mukhyata: 23 veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke caraNayugala ke ubharavAM cihna ukita hai| ina caraNacihnoM kI pUjA karane ke lie zraddhAlu bhaktoM ke samUha ina caraNacihnoM ke samakSa mastaka jhukAkara praNAma karate haiN| praNAma ke pazcAt ina caraNacihnoM para rupayA, cAvala (akSata) evaM aneka prakAra ke naivedya bheMTa karate haiN| bhAratIya dharmoM meM sarvaprathama jainadharma meM caraNacihnoM kI pUjA pracalita huii| vastuta: caraNacinhoM kI pUjA jainadharma se itanI adhika nikaTatA se sambandhita hai ki koI anya dharma isake prathama AviSkAraka ke rUpa meM apanA pakSa prastuta nahIM kara sktaa| prAcIna tamila sAhitya kI kRtiyoM meM caraNacihnoM kI pUjA ke aneka ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| ponnUra kI pahAr3iyoM meM prAcArya kundakunda ke, jinakAMcI meM vAmana muni ke aura zravaNa belgola meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu evaM candragupta ke caraNacihna vidyamAna haiM, jinake prati tIrthayAtrI apanI nissIma zraddhA pradarzita karate haiN|" ina saba aitihAsika tathyoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra karane para vidvAn lekhaka padmanAbhana ne yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki kanyAkumArI ke pAsa sAgara meM zrIpAdapAra nAmaka caTTAna para jo mAnava ke caraNa kA eka bhUrA cihna uTTa kita hai, vaha nizcita rUpa se caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se kisI eka tIrthakara ke caraNa kA cinha hai| Page #283 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA [ 225 kanyAkumArI ke samudra taTa ke samIpa sAgaravartI caTTAna para uTTa kita eka caraNa kA cihna kisI tIrthaMkara ke caraNacihna kA pratIka hai, isa sambhAvanA ke uparilikhita tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM puSTa ho jAne para yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki sarvaprathama isa prakAra caraNacihna ke aMkana kA pracalana kisake dvArA, kisa samaya aura kisa abhiprAya se prArambha kiyA gyaa| adyAvadhi etadviSayaka kisI Thosa pramANa ke upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa isa prazna ke hala ke sambandha meM bhI anumAna kA avalambana lene ke atirikta anya koI upAya dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| hAM, jahAM taka caraNacihna sthApita karane ke uddezya kA prazna hai, yaha sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jina kSetroM meM sAdhu-sAdhvI athavA dharmapracArakoM kA thor3e-thor3e samaya ke vyavadhAna se pahuMcanA saMbhava nahIM thA una sudUravartI kSetroM meM nivAsa karane vAle jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko apane dharma meM sthira rakhane ke uddezya se prArambhika upAya ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkaroM ke caraNacinhoM kI sthApanA kI gaI ho| sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM evaM saMskRtiyoM ke gahana adhyayana ke pazcAt bhAratIya sAhitya ko do uccakoTi ke zabdakoSoM kI dena dene vAle pAzcAtya vidvAn saraviliyama monyora ne jo yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki mahApuruSoM ke caraNacinhoM kI pUjA kA sarvaprathama pracalana jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne kiyaa| isa sambandha meM pratyeka jijJAsu ke mana meM yaha jAnane kI abhilASA utpanna honI svAbhAvika hai ki pavitra caraNacinhoM kI sthApanA evaM pUjA kA pracalana sarvaprathama kisake dvArA aura kisa samaya prArambha kiyA gyaa| isa jijJAsA kA pUrNarUpeNa zamana karane vAlA koI Thosa pramANa na kevala jaina vAMgmaya meM apitu sampUrNa bhAratIya jaina vAMgmaya meM adyAvadhi kisI itihAsa vid evaM zodhArthI vidvAn ke dRSTigocara nahIM huA hai| kintu jaina vAMgmaya ke adhyayana-anuzIlana se isa eka nirNAyaka niSkarSa para to sahaja hI pahuMcA jA sakatA hai ki dharmArAghana ke viSaya meM varNita nitAMta adhyAtmamUlaka upAyoM se bhinna aneka prakAra ke upAyoM, vidhi-vidhAnoM, anuSThAnoM, niyamoM Adi kA samaya-samaya para abhinavarUpeNa AviSkAra karane meM caityavAsI paramparA aura yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya athavA zramaNa sadA agraNI rahe haiM / jaina-dharma ke adhikAdhika pracAra-prasAra hetu use lokapriya banAne kI utkaTa abhilASA se, anya dharmAvalambiyoM ko apane dharmasaMgha kI ora AkarSita karane hetu, jainetara dharmanAyakoM dvArA samaya-samaya para pracalita kiye gaye paramAkarSaka upAyoM se jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko apane dharmapatha se vicalita na hone dene ke uddezya se, athavA dakSiNApatha meM bauddhoM, zaivoM evaM vaiSNavoM dvArA samaya-samaya para jaina dharma kA samUlonmUlana kara DAlane ke abhiyAnoM se jainadharma kI rakSA karane ke uddezya se yApanIya saMgha ke dUradarzI prAcAryoM ne kisa-kisa prakAra ke abhinava upAyoM kA AviSkAra kiyA, isa viSaya para isI Page #284 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 226 ] . . . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 adhyAya ke pichale pRSThoM para vizada rUpeNa prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai / isase yahI anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki yApanIya paramparA ke ajJAtanAmA prAcAryoM ne hI saMbhavataH sarvaprathama tIrthaMkaroM ke caraNayugala kI pUjA, usase pUrva athavA pazcAt zra tasAgarasUri ke upari uddha ta-"ratnatrayaM pUjayanti (yApanIyAH)" isa ullekha ke anusAra 'ratnatrayadeva' kI pUjA aura antatogatvA kAlAntara meM kisI samaya mUrtipUjA prArambha kI ho| jahAM taka yApanIyoM kI prArambhika mUla mAnyatAoM kA prazna hai vartamAna meM yadyapi isa paramparA kI pratha se iti taka kI sampUrNa mAnyatAoM kA srota "yApanIya tantra" nAmaka vizAla grantha upalabdha nahIM ho rahA hai, tathApi moTe rUpa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcArAMga sUtra se lekara dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, vyavahAra kalpa Adi taka jitane bhI jainAgama prAja upalabdha haiM, una AgamoM meM ullikhita mAnyatAeM hI isa saMgha kI mUla mAnyatAeM thiiN| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya sabhI AgamoM ko yApanIya saMgha parama prAmANika mAnatA thA-isa tathya ko svIkAra karane meM kisI bhI niSpakSa vicAraka ko kisI prakAra kA saMkoca nahIM honA caahiye| svayaM yApanIya saMgha ke prAcAryoM dvArA prAcArAMga Adi ekAdazAMgI, cheda sUtroM Adi sabhI jainAgamoM kI prAmANikatA ke sambandha meM samaya-samaya para kiye gaye ullekhoM kA vistRta rUpa se jo vivaraNa isa adhyAya meM prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai, usase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki yApanIya paramparA ke sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka va thAvikA sabhI AcArAMgAdi jaina AgamoM ko pUrNata: prAmANika mAnate the / isa taraha yApanIya paramparA ne ratnatraya kI pUjA, tIrthaMkaroM ke caraNacihnoM kI pUjA aura mUrtipUjA ko kisa-kisa samaya kisa krama se apanAyA, isa prazna ke samAdhAna ke liye Agamika kAla se lekara yApanIya saMgha ke eka sudar3ha saMgha ke rUpa meM ubharane aura katipaya pradezoM meM zvetAmbara saMgha aura digambara saMgha se bhI apekSAkRta adhika lokapriya banane ke samaya taka kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM para pUrNata: niSpakSa hokara sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra karanA hogaa| isa sandarbha meM nimnalikhita tathya vicAraNIya haiM :--- 1. AcArAMga Adi sabhI AgamoM meM se kisI eka bhI Agama meM caturvidha tIrtha ke sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka athavA zrAvikA varga ke liye samuccaya rUpa se athavA vyaktigata rUpa se isa prakAra kA eka bhI ullekha gahana khoja ke anantara bhI nahIM upalabdha hotA, jisameM yaha kahA gayA ho ki vrata, niyama, pratyAkhyAna, pauSadha, upavAsa, svAdhyAya Adi prAtmotthAna ke dainandina kAryoM ke samAna, mUrtipUjA, mandira nirmANa prAdi kArya bhI pratyeka sAdhaka ke liye athavA sabhI sAdhakoM ke liye paramAvazyaka athavA anivArya kartavya haiN| Page #285 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 227 2. pAMcaveM aMgazAstra bhagavatI sUtra ( vyAkhyA prajJapti ) meM garaNadhara indrabhUti dvArA pUche gaye 36,000 praznoM evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA diye gaye uttaroM kA vizad varNana hai / AdhyAtmika abhyutthAna se sambandha rakhane vAlA eka bhI viSaya ina praznottaroM meM achUtA nahIM rahA hai / zrAtmonnati viSayaka sabhI tathyAtathyoM kA vivecana ina praznottaroM meM samAviSTa hai / isa taraha sabhI prakAra kI jijJAsAoM kA zamana evaM sandehoM kA nivAraNa karane vAle una 36 hajAra praznottaroM meM kahIM eka meM bhI jinamandira ke nirmANa, usake astitva athavA jinamUrti kI pUjA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / 3. bhagavatI sUtra ke dUsare zataka meM tuMgiyA nagarI ke zramaraNopAsakoM ke susamRddha jIvana, unakI dharma ke prati pragAr3ha zrAsthA, unake dhArmika kAryakalApoM zrAdi kA vizad varNana kiyA gayA hai| usameM bhI jinamandira athavA jinamUrti kI pUjA kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM etadviSayaka vivaraNa nimnalikhita rUpa meM hai : "tattha gaM tuMgiyAe nayarIe bahave samaraNovAsayA parivasati zraDDhA, dittA, vitthinna vipula bhavaraNa sayaraNAsaraNa - jAraNa- vAharaNaiNNA bahudharaNa bahujAyarUva-rayayA, prayoga-payogasaMpattA, viccha DDiyavipula - bhattapAraNa, bahudAsIdAsa go-mahisa- gavelayappabhUyA, bahujaNassa aparibhUyA, abhigayajIvAjIvA, uvaladdhapuNNapAvA, Asava-saMvaranijjara - kiriyA - zrahikaraNa-baMdha- mokkhakusalA, asahejjaM devAsuranAga - suvaNa jakkharakkhasa- kinnara - kiMpurisa - garula gaMdhavva-mahoragAiehi devagaNehiM niggaMthAnI pAvayaraNAzro zraraNatikkamarigajjA, NiggaMthe pAvayaNe nissaMkiyA nikkaMkhiyA, niviti gicchA, laTThA, gahiyaTThA, pucchiyaTThA, abhigayaTThA, viriNacchiyaTThA, praTTThamijapemA-agUrAgarattA, ayamAuso ! niggaMthe pAvayaNe aTThe, ayaM paramaTThe se se araNaTThe, asiyaphalihA, avaguyaduvArA, ciyattaMteuragharappavesA, bahUhiM sIlavvaya- guraNa- veramaNa-paccakkhANaposahovavAsehiM cAuddaTThamudiTTha - puNNamAsiNIsu paripuSNaM posahaM samma aNupAlemAraNA, samaraNe niggaMthe phAsuesaNijjeraNaM asaNapANakhAima - sAimeNaM, vatthapaDiggraha - kaMbala - pAyapuMcharaNaM, pITha - phalaga -- sejjAsaMthAraeNaM, prosaha - bhesajjeNaM paDilA mAraNA mahApaDiggahiehi tavokammehiM prappAraNaM bhAvemAraNA viharati / " arthAt - tu' giyA nagarI meM bahuta se zramaNopAsaka rahate the / ve dhanasampanna aura vaibhavazAlI the / unake bhavana bar3e vizAla evaM vistIrNa the / ve zayana, Asana, yAna, vAhana se sampanna the / unake pAsa vipula dhana, cAMdI tathA sonA thA / ve rupayA byAja para dekara bahuta sA dhana arjita karate the / ve aneka kalAnoM meM nipuNa the / una zramaNopAsakoM ke gharoM meM aneka prakAra ke bhojana-pAna Adi taiyAra kiye jAte the / ve loga aneka dAsa-dAsiyoM, gAyoM, bhaiMsoM, evaM bher3oM Adi se samRddha the / ve jIva-jIva ke svarUpa ko evaM puNya aura pApa ko samyakrUpeNa jAnate the / ve 1 Page #286 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 228 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, kriyA, adhikaraNa, baMdha aura mokSa ke svarUpa se avagata the / deva, asura, nAga, suvarNa, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnara, kiMpuruSa, garur3a, gandharva mahoraga Adi taka unheM nirgrantha pravacana se nahIM DigA sakate the| nirgrantha pravacana meM ve zaMkArahita, AkAMkSArahita aura vicikitsArahita the| zAstra ke artha ko unhoMne grahaNa kiyA thA, abhigata kiyA thA aura samajhabUjha kara usakA nizcaya kiyA thaa| nirgrantha pravacana ke prati unake roma-roma meM prema vyApta thaa| ve kevala eka nirgrantha pravacana ke atirikta zeSa sabako niSprayojana mAnate the| unakI udAratA ke kAraNa unake dvAra sadA saba ke liye khule rahate the| ve jisa kisI ke ghara athavA antaHpura meM jAte vahAM prIti hI utpanna karate / zIlavata, guragavata, viramaraNa, pratyAkhyAna, pauSadha evaM upavAsoM ke dvArA caturdazI, aSTamI, amAvasyA aura pUrNamAsI ke dina ve pUrNa pauSadha kA pAlana karate / zramaraNa nirgranthoM ko prAsuka evaM kalpanIya azana-pAna-khAdya-svAdya, vastra, pAtra, kambala, pAdapoMchana (rajoharaNa); Asana, phalaka, zayyA, saMstAraka, auSadha aura bheSaja se pratilAbhita karate hue ve yathApratigRhIta tapa karma dvArA AtmadhyAna meM lIna ho vicaraNa karate rahate the| upayuddha ta isa pATha meM tugiyAnagarI ke una Adarza zramaNopAsakoM kI dinacaryA kI pratyeka dhArmika kriyA kA vizad vivaraNa diyA huA hai kintu mUrtipUjA athavA jinamandira kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai| "jina pratimA jina sArikhI (sadRzI)" jaisI mAnyatA kA jainadharma meM yadi usa samaya kicitamAtra bhI sthAna hotA to saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM para karuNA kara unake hita ke liye sarvajJa sarvadarzI zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA tIrthapravartanakAla meM diye gaye amogha upadezoM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA grathita jainAgamoM meM mUrtipUjA, mandira nirmANa Adi kA sAdhu-sAdhvI varga ke liye na sahI kintu zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ke liye to avazyameva Avazyaka kartavya ke rUpa meM ullekha hotA / 4. malAgamoM meM Ananda, kAmadeva, zaMkha, pokhalI, udAyana Adi zrAvakaratnoM ke pauSadhopavAsoM, zrAvaka kI ekAdaza pratimArUpa kaThora vrata dhAraNA, supAtradAna, pauSadhazAlAgamana Adi vibhinna dharmakRtyoM kA vistRta vivaraNa hai kintu kahIM para bhI yaha ullekha nahIM hai ki ve eka bAra bhI kisI devamandira meM gaye hoM athavA unake dvArA kisI jina-pratimA kI sthApanA yA pUjA kI gaI ho / mUla AgamoM meM zrI kRSNaM dvArA kI gaI dharma-dalAlI evaM usa utkRSTa dharmadalAlI ke pariNAmasvarUpa tIrthaMkara nAmagotropArjana kA ullekha hai| isI taraha magadha samrAT bimbasAra zreNika dvArA amArI paTaha-ghoSaNA evaM dharmadalAlI kA tathA usa dharmadalAlI ke phalasvarUpa unake bhI tIrthaMkara nAma gotra karma ke upArjana kA pATha pAyA hai| sAtha hI pradezI rAjA dvArA dAnazAlA kholane Adi sukatyoM kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai / parantu inameM se kisI ke bhI dvArA jinapratimA kI pUjA karane athavA Page #287 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 226 jinamandira ke nirmANa karAye jAne kA kahIM koI nAmamAtra ke liye bhI ullekha nahIM hai| 5. mUla AgamoM meM trikAladarzI prabhu mahAvIra ne Adarza zrAvakoM ke gharoM kI bhautika vipula Rddhi-siddhi kA bhI varNana kiyA hai, aneka nagaroM kA varNana kiyA hai para ina varNanoM meM jina pratimA aura jinamandira kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM hai / yadi usa samaya jaina dharma kI mUla paramparA meM mUrtipUjA kA koI sthAna hotA to una Adarza zrAvakoM ke gharoM meM athavA nagaroM ke prAMgaNoM meM kahIM na kahIM to jinamandira athavA jinapratimA ke astitva kA ullekha avazya hI hotaa| jinapratimA kI pUjA kI bAta to dUra vastutaH zrAvakoM ke gharoM aura nagaroM taka meM jinamandiroM-jinapratimAoM ke astitva taka kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase yahI pramANita hotA hai ki jaina dharma kI mUla paramparA meM prArambha meM mUrtipUjA ke liye kahIM koI sthAna nahIM thaa| jainadharma kA tIrthapravartanakAla meM kaisA svarUpa thA, usa samaya jaina dharma meM kyA mAnya thA aura kyA amAnya, kyA-kyA karaNIya thA aura kyA-kyA prakaraNIya, etadviSayaka tathya AgamoM se hI prApta kiye jA sakate haiN| jisa prakAra ki hIrA hIre kI khAna se hI upalabdha ho sakatA hai, panne athavA mAriNakya kI khAna se nhiiN| ThIka usI prakAra jainadharma kI mAnyatAoM athavA jaina dharma ke mUla vizuddha svarUpa ke sambandha meM prAmANita tathya jaina AgamoM se hI upalabdha ho sakate haiM na ki anya granthoM athavA sAhitya se / 6. jainAgama vastutaH bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dezanAtroM ke AdhAra para gaNagharoM dvArA grathita kiye gaye, yaha eka nirvivAda evaM sarvasammata tathya hai / mUla AgamoM meM, AcArAMga Adi 11 aMgazAstra jo 'niggaMTha pAvayaNa' 'gaNipiTaka' Adi nAmoM se vikhyAta haiM aura jo jainadharma ke siddhAntoM, jainadharma kI mAnyatAoM ke parama prAmAriNaka, mUla AdhAra mAne jAte haiM, unameM mUrtipUjA kA, jinamandiroM kA nirmANa kA jaba kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM hai to isakA sIdhA sA artha yahI hotA hai ki tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI prathama dezanA se lekara antima dezanA taka meM jinapratimA kI pratiSThApanA karane, mandira nirmANa karane aura jinapratimA kI pUjA karane ke sambandha meM kabhI eka bhI zabda apane mukhAravinda se nahIM kahA / isa bAta se to pratyeka jaina pUrNata: sahamata hogA ki vItarAga sarvajJa tIrthakara prabhU zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dezanAoM kA eka-eka zabda sabhI jainoM ke liye sadA zirodhArya aura parama mAnya hai| yadi saMsAra ke bhavya prANiyoM ke liye jina-pratimA kI pUjA karanA niHzreyaskara hotA to "jagajIva hiyadayaTThayAe" caturvidha dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karate samaya sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka athavA zrAvikA varga meM se sabhI ke liye athavA kisI varga vizeSa ke liye jina-pratimA kI pUjA kA bhI spaSTa zabdoM meM usI prakAra vistRta rUpa se upadeza dete jisa prakAra ki mukti prApti ke liye paramAvazyaka anyAnya kartavyoM kA upadeza diyA thaa| prAgamoM meM caturvidha tIrtha ke kartavyoM Page #288 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 230 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 ke rUpa meM mUrtipUjA kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai, isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI kisI bhI dezanA meM mUrtipUjA karane athavA mandira nirmANa karane kA upadeza nahIM diyA / 7. jainadharma athavA Agama sambandhI nirvANottarakAlIna pramukha aitihAsika ghaTanAoM para bhI yadi niSpakSa rUpeNa dRSTipAta kiyA jAya to yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki pahalI AgamavAcanA ke samaya se lekara cauthI zrAgamavAcanA taka kI kAlAvadhi meM AgamAnusAra vizuddha zramaNAcAra, zrAvakAcAra evaM dharma ke mUla adhyAtmapradhAna svarUpa kA pAlana karane vAle jaina saMgha meM mUrtipUjA evaM mandirAdi ke nirmAraNa kA pracalana nahIM huA thA / 8. pahalI Agama vAcanA vIra ni0 saM0 160 ke Asa-pAsa zrArya sthUlabhadra ke tatvAvadhAna meM pATalIputra meM huI / isa pahalI AgamavAcanA ke sambandha meM jaina vAGamaya meM koI kramabaddha vistRta vivaraNa vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha nahIM hotA / "titthogAlIpainnaya" nAmaka prAcIna grantha meM prati saMkSepataH kevala itanA hI vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai ki bhISaraNa duSkAla ke samApta ho jAne para bhArata ke sudUrastha vibhinna bhAgoM meM gaye hue sAdhu punaH pATaliputra meM lautte| duSkAlajanya saMkaTakAlIna sthiti meM zAstroM ke anabhyAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa zruta paramparA se kaNThastha zAstroM ke jina pAThoM ko zramaraNa bhUla gaye the, una pAThoM ko paraspara eka dUsare se sunakara unhoMne zAstroM ke jJAna ko punaH vyavasthita kiyA / pATaliputra meM huI isa prathama Agama vAcanA meM ekAdazAMgI ko pUrvavat vyavasthita evaM surakSita kara liyA gayA kintu bArahaveM zraMga dRSTivAda ko vyavasthita karane meM vaha zramaraNasaMgha pUrNarUpeNa asaphala hI rahA, jo ki pATaliputra meM ekatrita huA thA usa samaya samasta zramaNa saMgha meM caudaha pUrvo ke jJAna ke dhAraka eka mAtra antima zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ho avaziSTa raha gaye the, parantu ve usa samaya nepAla pradeza meM mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA meM nirata the / / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM bar3e vicAra vinimaya ke anantara mahA-meghAva yuvAvaya ke zramaNa sthUlabhadra ko 500 anya meghAvI muniyoM ke sAtha bhadrabAhu kI mevA meM rahakara caturdaza pUrvo kA jJAna prApta karane aura isa prakAra zrutajJAna kI rakSA karane ke hetu saMghAdeza se nepAla bhejA gayA / grAcArya bhadrabAhu usa samaya usa gradbhuta camatkArI mahAprAraNa kI sAdhanA meM nirata the, jisakI sAdhanA ke anantara mAdhaka antarmuhUrta meM hI sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI kA parAvartana ( punarAvartana) karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai / " isa prakAra kI mahatI sAdhanA meM nirata rahane ke uparAnta bhI 1 yaha koI gramambhava athavA asAdhya nahIM. dussAdhya gravazya hai kyoMki svapnazAstriyoM ke abhimatAnusAra lambe se lambA svapna vastutaH katipaya ine-gine kSaNoM kA hI hotA hai / suzuptyavasthA ch kucha hI kSaNoM ke svapna meM prAraNI varSo meM dekhe jA sakane vAle dRzya | dekha letA hai. isase gratumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mahAprANa dhyAna meM yaha gaMbhava ho sakatA hai| Page #289 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 231 prAcArya bhadrabAha ko saMghAdeza zirodhArya kara una sAdhanoM ko pUrvo kI vAcanA denA prArambha karanA par3A / mahAmuni sthUlabhadra ke atirikta zeSa saba muni pUrvo kI vAcanA lene meM asamartha rhe| sthUlabhadra ne lagabhaga 8 pUrvo kI yAcanA nepAla meM rahate hue prAcArya bhadrabAhu se lI aura nauveM tathA dazaveM pUrva kI vAcanA nepAla se pATaliputra kI ora bhadrabAha ke vihAra kAla meM tathA pATaliputra meM lo| daza pUrvo kI vAcanA pUrNa hone para darzanArtha AI huI apanI bahinoM-mahAsAdhvI yakSA evaM yakSadinnA ko muni sthUlabhadra ne apanI vidyA kA camatkAra btaayaa| isa ghaTanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne mahAmuni sthUlabhadra jaise supAtra ziSya ko bhI antima cAra pUrvo ke jJAna ke liye apAtra ghoSita kara diyaa| saMgha dvArA anunaya-vinayapUrNa anurodha karane para unhoMne mahAmuni sthUlabhadra ko antima cAra pUrvo kI kevala mUla pATha kI hI vAcanA dI arthasahita vAcanA phira bhI nahIM thii| prathama prAgamavAcanA kI isa aitihAsika ghaTanA se do tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM / prathama to yaha ki ukta prathama AgamavAcanA meM prAgamoM ke paramparAgata pAThoM ko jisa prakAra yathAvasthita rUpa meM vyavasthita kiyA gayA thA, usI rUpa meM ve mAgamapATha samaya-samaya para huI dUsarI, tIsarI aura cauthI Agama vAcanAoM meM vyavasthita kiye jAte rahe / aura dUsarA yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki prathama AgamavAcanA ke samaya taka bhI jaina dharmasaMgha meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana nahIM harA thaa| yadi usa samaya mUrti pUjA kA pracalana ho gayA hotA to usa kAla kI mUrtiyAM, mandira athavA unake avazeSa avazyameva hI kahIM na kahIM upalabdha hote / 6. dvitIya AgamavAcanA vIra ni0 saM0 326 meM kaliMgarAja mahAmeghavAhana khAravela ke prayAsa se kumArIparvata para hii| usa prAgamavAcanA sambandhI upalabdha prAcIna aitihAsika tathyoM se bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 326 taka bhI janasaMgha meM mUrtipUjA kA athavA mandira nirmANa kA pracalana nahIM huA thaa| usa Agama vAcanA ke anantara kumArI parvata para gyAravela mahAmeghavAhana dvArA muvihita paramparA ke zramaNoM ke saMghahita ke kAryoM para vicAra-vimarza karane hetu ekatra hone aura baiThane ke liye eka saMghAyana ke nirmANa kA, niSadyA para jApa kI vyavasthA karane kA, yApakoM kI bhRti nizcita karane kA tathA mahArAnI ke liye kumArI parvata para niSadyA ke pAsa eka vizAla evaM bhavya vizrAmabhavana banavAye jAne kA to ullekha upalabdha hotA hai kintu kisI mUrti kI sthApanA karane kA, pUjA karane kA athavA mandira ke nirmANa kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa|' 10. tIsarI pAgamavAcanA vIra ni0 saM0 830 meM ikavIsaveM vAcanAcArya prArya skandila ke tatvAvadhAna meM mathurA meM huI aura jisa prakAra cauthI antima . hAthIguphA meM upalabdha kaliMgarAja mahAmeSavAhana vAgvela ke zilAlekha kI paMki maM* 15 aura 16 Page #290 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 232 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 prAgamavAcanA ke samaya devaddhikSamAzramaNa ko samasta prAgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha karane ke liye vIra ni0 saM0 180 se 964 taka arthAt lagabhaga 14-15 varSoM taka vallabhI meM rahanA par3A, usI prakAra prArya skandila bhI vIra ni0 saM0 830 se 840 taka mAgama vAcanA ko sampanna karane ke lie mathurA meM rhe| yadi jainasaMgha meM sarvasammata rUpa se mUrtipUjA kA pracalana ho gayA hotA to prArya skandila jaise yugapravartaka evaM zra tazAstra kI rakSA karane vAle mahAn prAcArya ke 10 varSa taka mathurA meM hI rahane kI avadhi meM nizcita rUpa se aneka mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA aura jina mandiroM kA nirmANa unake tatvAvadhAna meM huA hotaa| para sthiti isase bilkula bhinna hai| usa avadhi kI bAta to dUra, usa pUre zataka meM eka bhI jinamUrti athavA jinamandira ke nirmANa kA ullekha kahIM nahIM miltaa| prArya skandila kA nAma jaina itihAsa meM amara rhegaa| zrata zAstra kI rakSA kara unhoMne saMsAra para avismaraNIya anupama upakAra kiyA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI gaNoM, gacchoM evaM sampradAyoM ke anuyAyI sarvasammata rUpa se samaveta svara meM unheM apanA mahAn upakArI pUrvAcArya mAnate haiN| devaddhi gaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI nandisUtra ke prAdi maMgala meM Apako pragAr3ha zraddhApUrvaka nimnalikhita bhAvabhare zabdoM meM vandana kiyA hai : jesimimo aNuprogo, payarai ajjAvi aDDhabharahammi / bahunagara niggayajase, te vaMde khaMdilAyarie // 33 / / isI prakAra eka ajJAtakartaka prAcIna gAthA meM bhI Arya skandilAcArya dvArA kI gaI zrutaramA kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / vaha prAcIna gAthA isa prakAra hai: dubhikkhaMmi paNaThe, puNaravi miliya samaNasaMghApro / mihurAe araNuprogo pavaiyo khaMdilo sUri / / apane yuga ke lokapUjya, mahAn anuyogapravartaka, prAgama marmajJa, zrutazAstra ke rakSaka prAcArya skandila ke mAnasa meM yadi jinamandira nirmANa athavA mUrtipUjA ke prati kiMcitmAtra bhI sthAna athavA AkarSaNa hotA to unake eka hI parokSa iMgita para daza varSa ke unake mathurAvAsa kAla meM sahasroM jinamUrtiyoM aura saikar3oM jinamandiroM kA nirmANa ho jAtA aura kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI meM athavA mathurA ke vibhinna sthaloM meM purAtatva vibhAga dvArA kI gaI khudAiyoM meM una mUrtiyoM evaM mandiroM ke athavA zilAlekhoM ke avazeSa nyanAdhika mAtrA meM avazyameva purAtatva vibhAga ko prApta hote / para aisA kucha bhI nahIM huA / kaMkAlI devI kA mandira pora jaina baudva stUpa prAcArya skandila ke mathurA pravAsa se pahale hI bhUlu Thita ho kaMkAlI TIle kA rUpa dhAraNa kara gaye hoM, isa prakAra kI AzaMkA ko bhI vahAM se prApta aitihAsika Page #291 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 233 evaM purAtAtvika avazeSoM ne nirmUla kara diyA / kyoMki Arya skaMdila ke. svargastha hone ke 60 - 64 varSa pazcAt kA eka zilAlekha jisa para saMvat ....66 ( kaniSka saMvat 2e6) tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 104 uTTaMkita hai, kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI karate samaya upalabdha huA hai / mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya skandila lagabhaga vIra ni0 saM0 830 se 840 taka - lagabhaga 10 varSa taka mathurA meM rahe para unake kisI bhI zramaNopAsaka athavA zramaNopAsakA dvArA vIra nirvANa kI 5vIM zatAbdI se havIM zatAbdI ke anta taka arhat mUrti kI pratiSThA athavA arhat mandira kA nirmANa nahIM karavAyA, yaha eka nirvivAda tathya mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle evaM anyAnya sthAnoM se upalabdha zilAlekhoM se prakaTa hotA hai / Arya skandila ne jisa samaya mathurA meM Agama vAcanA kI, ThIka usI samaya prAcArya nAgArjuna ne bhI dakSiNa Adi sudUrastha prAntoM ke muni - saMghoM ko ballabhI meM ekatrita kara Agama vAcanA kI / Arya skandila kI bhAMti prAcArya nAgArjuna ko bhI usa zrAgama vAcanA usa anuyoga - pravartana ke samaya lagabhaga 10 varSa taka to ballabhI meM rahanA hI par3A hogA / AcArya nAgArjuna bhI yadi mUrtiyoM evaM mandiroM ke nirmANa tathA mUrtipUjA ke pakSadhara hote to unake samaya kI unake zramaNopAsakoM dvArA pratiSThApita mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM ke avazeSa - zilAlekha Adi kahIM na kahIM pravazyameva upalabdha hote / parantu Aja taka bhArata ke kisI bhAga isa prakAra kA na koI zilAlekha hI upalabdha huA hai aura na koI mUrti athavA mandira kA avazeSa hI / ---- - Arya skandila se lagabhaga 500 varSa pUrva hue kaliMga samrAT mahA meghavAhana khAravela bhikkhurAya ke kumArI parvata kI hAthIguphA meM uTaMkita karavAye gaye zilAlekha se bhI yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki usake zAsana kAla taka jainadharma saMgha meM mUrtipUjA, evaM mandira nirmANa kA pracalana nahIM huA thA / khAravela kA yaha zilAlekha jainadharma ke sambandha meM aba taka prakAza meM Aye hue zilAlekhoM meM rAbase prAcIna aura sabase bar3A zilAlekha hai / isameM prAja taka anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hue mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika tathyoM ke sAtha-sAtha khAravela dvArA apane 13 varSoM (vIra ni0 saM0 316 se 326 taka) ke zAsanakAla meM kiye gaye sabhI mahatvapUrNa kAryoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| ve mahatvapUrNa kArya isa zilAlekha meM nimnalikhita krama se uTaMkita haiM : ( tIsarI paMkti) : -- prabhiSikta hote hI apane rAjya ke prathama varSa meM zrI khAravela ne ( pUrva meM Aye ) tUphAna se gire ( kSatigrasta ) nagaradvAroM, nagaraprAkAra aura nivesamanoM (nivAsagRhoM ) kA saMskAra arthAt jIrNoddhAra karavAyA, kaliMga nagarI (rAjadhAnI) ke phavvAroM, iSitAloM (pokharoM ), tAlAboM tathA bAMdhoM ko baMdhavAyA Page #292 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 234 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 (jIrNoddhAra karavAyA) sabhI udyAnoM kA pratisaMsthApana, vAtavihata vRkSoM, gulmoM prAdi ke sthAna para naye sire se vRkSAropaNa pUrvaka saMskAra - (cauthI paMkti)-karavAyA aura apane kaliMga rAjya kI 35 lAkha prajA kA raMjana kiyaa| dUsare varSa meM sAtakariNa (rAjA) kI koI cintA na kara usane pazcima deza ko bahuta se hAthI, ghor3oM, padAtiyoM aura rathoM kI eka vizAla senA (car3hAI athavA AkramaNa ke liye) bhejii| kRSNaveNA nadI para pahuMcI huI usakI senA ne mUSikanagara ko bahuta trasta kiyA / tadanantara tIsare varSa meM, (pAMcavIM paMkti)-gandharvaveda ke pAraMgata paNDita usa (khAravela) ne dampa, nRtya, gIta, vAditra, saMdarzanoM (tamAzoM), utsavoM, samAjoM, (nATaka-daMgaloM) Adi se nagarI ko pramudita kiyA / cauthe varSa meM una vidyAdharAdhivAsoM ko, jo pUrva meM kabhI nahIM girAye (vijita kiye) gaye tathA jo kaliMga ke pUrvaja rAjAoM dvArA banAye gaye the....... (parAjita kiyA)..........usane samasta rASTrikoM tathA bhojakoM ke mukuToM ko vyartha kara unake jiraha-bakhtaroM arthAt lauha nirmita kavacoM-ko talavAra ke prahAroM se do palloM meM kATa kara unake chatra aura bhaMgAroM ko naSTa bhraSTa evaM bhUlu Thita kara unake ratna evaM bahumUlya sampatti kA haraNa kara una rASTrikoM evaM bhojakoM se apane caraNoM kI vandanA krvaaii| tadanantara apane rAjya ke pAMcaveM varSa meM usane nandarAja (udAyI ke uttarAdhikArI nandivarddhana-prathama nanda dvArA apane rAjya ke 16 veM varSa tadanusAra nanda saM0 16 aura vIra ni0 saM0 76 meM) dvArA Aja (hAthIguMphA ke isa zilAlekha ke uTeMkana kAla se 300 varSa pUrva khudavAI gaI) nahara ko tanasuliya mArga se nagara (kaliMga rAjadhAnI) meM praviSTa kiyaa| (chaThe varSa meM yajJArtha) abhiSikta ho usane rAjasUya yajJa kara saba karoM ko (sAtavIM paMkti) kSamA kara diyaa| aneka prakAra ke anugraha paura evaM jAnapada (saMsthAoM) ko pradAna kiye| sAtaveM varSa rAjya karate hue vajjivaMza kI dhaSTi nAma ko gahiNI (mahArAnI) ne mAtRka pada ko pUrNa kara sukumAra............(putra ko janma diyA)............ . . AThaveM varSa meM khAravela ne bar3e prAkAra vAle gorathagiri para eka bar3I senA dvArA (AThavIM paMkti) AkramaNa kara ke rAjagaha ko ghera liyaa| usake zaurya ke sannAda (isa samAcAra) ko suna yavanarAja Dimita (Dimidiyasa) mathurA (ke ghere) ko chor3akara (svadeza kI ora) lauTa gyaa| (nauveM varSa meM) usane diye........pallava yukta-(nauvIM paMkti)-kalpavRkSa, sArathI sahita haya-gaja-ratha aura saba ko agnivedikA sahita gRha AvAsa evaM parivasana / saba dAna ko grahaNa karAye jAne ke liye usane brAhmaNoM kI jAti paMkti (jAtoya saMgaThanoM) ko bhUmi pradAna kI / arhata ......................giya-- (10vIM paMkti)........ (ka)........mAna (ti-vi) usane Page #293 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 235 mahAvijaya prAsAda nAmaka rAjasannivAsa ar3atIsa lAkha (aThatIsAya satasahase hi ) kI lAgata kA banavAyA / i dazaveM varSa meM usane pavitra vidhAnoM dvArA yuddha kI taiyArI karake deza jItane kI icchA se daNDa, sandhi evaM zAma nIti se uttarI bhArata kI ora prasthAna kiyA / usa AkramaNa meM binA kisI kleza ke AkrAnta logoM se maNi aura ratnoM ko prApta kiyA / ( 11vIM paMkti) gyArahaveM varSa meM, pUrva rAjA dvArA 1300 varSa pUrva maMDapa meM nivezita ( evaM ) samasta (kaliMga) janapada kI manabhAvana, moTI lakar3I ke bar3e-bar3e pahiyoM vAlI, tikta (nIMma kI) kASTha se nirmita ketubhadra kI UMcI aura vizAla mUrti ko usane ( khAravela ne ) utsava se nikAlA / bArahaveM varSa meM .... usane uttarApatha - uttarI paMjAba aura sImAnta pradeza ke rAjAzroM meM trAsa utpanna kiyA / ( bArahavIM paMkti) .... aura magadha ke nivAsiyoM meM bipula bhaya utpanna karate hue usane apane hAthiyoM ko gaMgA pAra karAyA aura magadha ke rAjA bRhaspatimitra se apane caraNoM kI vandanA karavAI / nandarAja dvArA ( pUrva meM ) le jAye gaye kAliMga jina (?? jana ?? ) sanniveza ' ( kAliMga jina sanniveza ? athavA kaliMga jana sanniveza ? ) ..gRharatnoM aura aMga tathA magadha ke dhana ko bhI vaha ( khAravela) le gayA / ( terahavIM paMkti ) - usane ....... jaTharollikhita ( jinake bhItara kI ora lekha likhita haiM ) uttama zikhara, sau kArIgaroM ko bhUmi pradAna kara banavAye aura yaha bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai ki vaha pANDyarAja se hastinAvoM ( hAthiyoM ko Dhone vAlI vizAla nAvoM) meM sabhI prakAra kI bahumUlya vastueM - ghor3e, hAthI, ratna, mANikya, mauktika aura maNiratna khacAkhaca bharavA kara laayaa| vahAM raha kara ......... ( caudahavIM paMkti) - usane.. . ke nivAsiyoM ko vaza meM kiyA / tadanantara terahaveM varSa meM ( usane ) una japa - jApa karane vAloM ko, saba suparvatoM meM vijayI cakra ke samAna arthAt zreSTha AdaraNIya kumArI parvata para sthita niSadyA ( samAdhiyoM) para kuzala-kSema ke liye japa kA jApa karane vAle logoM ko japa pUrNa hone para rAjabhRtiyAM vitarita kIM aura unheM usI prakAra niSadyAoM para 1. sara viliyama monyora kA saMskRta se prAMgla bhASA zabdakoSa dekheM / Page #294 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 236 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pUjA japa jApa meM nirata rahane kA Adeza diyA / upAsaka arthAt zramaNopAsaka zrI khAravela ne jIba aura deha ke bheda ko parakhA / ' . (15vIM paMkti)........sukRti (sva-para-kalyANakArI kAryoM meM nirata rahane vAle) zAstranetra (dhAraka) jJAnI athavA jJAta (jJAtaputra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ziSya paramparA ke) tapasvI RSi subihita zramaNoM ke liye saMghAyana (ekatra hone kA bhavana) bnaayaa| arhat niSadyA (arhata kI samAdhi) ke pAsa aneka yojanoM kI dUrI se lAI gaI, zreSTha khadAnoM se nikAlI gaI bhArI bharakama zilAnoM se apanI siMhaprasthI rAnI ghusiyAvRSTi ke liye vizrAmAgAra (16vIM paMkti)........ pATAlikAoM meM vaiDaryajaTita UMce stambhoM ko pacahattara lAkha paNoM (mudrAoM) ke vyaya se pratiSThApita kiyA / maurya saMvatsara 164 vyatIta' hote-hote yaha (zilAlekha) uTaiMkita karavAyA jAtA hai / vaha kSemarAja, vaha barddha rAja, vaha bhikSurAja aura dharmarAja kalyANoM ko dekhatA huA, sunatA huA evaM anubhava karatA huA (17vIM paMkti)........guNaviziSTa kuzala, saba dharmoM kA Adara karane vAlA, sabhI devAyatanoM kA saMskAra karAne vAlA, apratihata rathasenA, hastyArohI senA, azvArohI senA aura padAtisenA bAlA, cakraghura (senA meM sabase Age-rahane vAlA), senA kA saMrakSaka, jisakI senA sadA vijaya meM pravRtta rahI, jo rAjarSi kula meM utpanna humA, aisA vahAvijayI rAjA thA zrI khAravela / hAthIguMphA meM vIra ni. saM. 376 meM umra kita karavAye gaye sarvAdhika prAcIna aura sabase bar3e jaina zilAlekha meM vIra ni.saM. 316-17 se 326 taka ke apane rAjyakAla meM mahAmeghavAhana khAravela dvArA kiye gaye sabhI mahattvapUrNa kAryoM kA kAla baddha vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isa pUre abhilekha meM eka bhI naye jina mandira ke nirmANa kA, kisI eka bhI prAcIna jinamandira ke jIrNoddhAra kA, mUrti kI pratiSThA kA 1. jIva-deha sirikA parikhitA "isa pada kI saMskRta chAyA jIva-deha zrIkA parikSitA" hotI hai / isakA artha hai jIva aura deha ke bheda ko samajhA / siri arthAt zrI kA eka artha prakAra aura bheda bhI hotA hai (pAiya saddamahaNNavo) yahAM sirikA zabda bheda artha meM hI prayukta huA hai| azoka ne kaliMga vijaya ke pazcAt samasta kaliMga rAjya meM bhI maurya samvat kA pracalana kiyA thA, jaisA ki aprakAzita himavanta sthavirAvalI meM likhA hai : "tayaNaMtaraM vIrAno dosayAhiya auraNacattAli vAsesu viikkatesu magahA hivo asoga givo kaliMga jaNavayamAkamma khemarAjaM riNavaM riNayAraNaM mannAbei / tattha NaM se riNaya gutta (gotra maurya) saMvaccharaM pabattAvei / " himavanta sthabirAbalI kI hastalikhita prati prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAnabhaNDAra, lAla bhavana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura ke saMgraha meM hai| Page #295 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 237 athavA mUrti kI pUjA kA kahIM nAmamAtra ke lie bhI ullekha nahIM hai / isa abhilekha meM kaliMgapati mahAmeghavAhana khAravela ko prajA ke kSema-kuzala ke liye sadA satata nirata rahane ke kAraNa 'kSemarAja,' rAjya, rAjakoSa aura prajA kI sukha samRddhi meM madA abhivRddhi karate rahane ke kAraNa barddha rAja, bhikSoM ,--jaina zramaNoM kA parama bhakta rahane ke kAraNa bhikSurAja aura magadharAja puSyamitra ke atyAcAroM se jaina dharma kI athavA jainadharmAvalambiyoM kI rakSA karane ke kAraNa dharmarAja ko viziSTa upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra pragAr3ha viSNubhakti ke pariNAmasvarUpa hindu vaiSNava paramparA ke purANoM meM mahArAja ambarISa ko parama bhAgavata ke pada se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra kaliMgapati khAravela ko bhI unakI utkaTa arhatabhakti ko dekhate hue yadi paramAhata pada se vibhUSita kiyA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| isa prakAra ke paramArhat jina zAsanasevA Adi dhArmika kArya-kalApoM meM atyadhika ruci rakhane vAlA mahArAjA khAravela apane teraha varSoM ke zAsanakAla meM rAjaprAsAdoM, nagaradvAroM, nagara prAkAra, phavvAroM, tAloM, bAndhoM, bAga-bagIcoM, upavanoM kA jIrNoddhAra, punanirmANa, saMskAra to karavAye, nRtyagIta, vAdya, nATaka, utsava, saMgoSThiyoM kA Ayojana kara nagaranivAsiyoM kA manoraMjana kare, rAjasUya yajJa ke anuSThAna ke pazcAt aneka prakAra ke janakalyANakArI kArya kare, brAhmaNoM ko vipulatara mahArdha ya cala-acala sampatti kA dAna kare, ar3atIsa lAkha mudrAoM ke vyaya se mahAvijaya prAsAda kA nirmANa karavAye, ketubhadra yakSa kI tikta kASTha se banI ati vizAlakAya mUrti ko nagara meM mahotsavapUrvaka nikAle, arhata niSadmA (arhat samAdhi) para yApa-jApakoM dvArA prANimAtra ke kuzala kSema ke lie jApa karavAye / yApa-jApakoM ko rAjabhRttiyAM pradAna kara unheM usI prakAra japa jApa meM nirata rahane ko prAjA de aura apanI paTTamaMhiSI ghaSTi ke lie arhata samAdhi ke pAsa ho pacahattara lAkha mudrAeM vyaya kara rannajaTita stambhoM vAlA atiramaNIya ativizAla vidhAmAgAra banavAye para eka bhI muti kI pratiSThA na kare, eka bhI mandira kA nirmANa athavA jIrNoddhAra na kare, kimI jinamUrti athavA jinamandira kI pUjA prAdi ke lie eka bhI rAjabhRti pradAna na kare to isame yahI siddha hotA hai ki khAravela ke zAsanakAla taka jaina dharma meM mUtipUjA aura mandira-nirmANa kA na kevala pracalana hI nahIM harA thA apitu mUrtipUjA ke liye dharmakRtyoM meM vidhividhAna na hone ke kAraNa kisI bhI jainadharmAvalambI ke mana, mastiSka evaM hRdaya meM inake liye koI sthAna bhI nahIM thaa| yadi khAravela ke zAsanakAla taka jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana ho gayA hotA, to jahAM khAravela ne suvihita paramparA ke zramaNoM ke lie saMghAyana kA nirmANa karavAyA, arhata-samAdhi (niSadyA) para kSema-kuzala hetu japa-jApa karane vAloM ke lie rAjabhRttiyAM pradAna kI, mahArAnI ke liye yadA kadA usa ramaNIya pavitra parvata para Agamana ke avasaroM para vizrAma hetu arhat samAdhi sthala ke samIpa bhavya vizrAmAgAra banavAyA usI prakAra vahAM ve eka na eka jina mandira kA nirmANa evaM mUrti kI pratiSThA avazya karavAte aura unakI niyamita Page #296 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 238 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pUjA vyavasthA hetu pujAriyoM ke liye bhUmidAna grAmadAna Adi ke rUpa meM rAjabhRti kI vyavasthA nizcita rUpa se karate evaM zilAlekha meM anyAnya kAryoM kA jisa prakAra kramazaH ullekha kiyA gayA hai usI prakAra ina prAtyantika mahatva ke kAryoM kA bhI nizcita rUpa se ullekha kiyA jaataa| isa zilAlekha kI 17vIM paMkti meM khAravela ko sarvadevAyatana saMskAraka batAyA gayA hai / yadi usake rAjyakAla taka jainoM athavA bauddhoM meM mUrtipUjA evaM mandira-nirmANa kA pracalana ho gayA hotA to ve jaina evaM bauddha mandira bhI tUphAna meM avazyameva kSatigrasta hote aura khAravela tUphAna meM kSatigrasta hue prAsAda, prAkAra, rAjamahala, upavana, phavAroM Adi kI taraha una jaina mandiroM va bauddha mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra bhI avazya krvaataa| itanA hI nahIM, yadi khAravela ke samaya taka jainoM athavA bauddhoM meM mUrtipUjA evaM mandiranirmANa kA pracalana ho gayA hotA to khAravela jaisA paramAhata evaM jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA rakhane vAlA rAjA kaliMga kI rAjadhAnI meM aura kumArI parvata para eka do jaina mandiroM kA navya-bhavya nirmANa to avazyameva hI karavAtA / kintu zilAlekha sAkSI hai ki aisA kucha bhI nahIM kiyA gyaa| khAravela ke isa zilAlekha se prakAza meM Aye ina tathyoM para itihAsajJa svayaM vicArakara nirNaya kareM ki ve kisa satya kI ora iMgita kara rahe haiN| khAravela ke isa zilAlekha se eka yaha tathya bhI prakAza meM prAtA hai ki vIranirvANa se lekara isa zilAlekha ke uTeMkanakAla (vIra ni. saM. 376) taka mUrtipUjA aura mandira nirmANa kA pracalana bauddhoM meM bhI nahIM huyA thaa| yadi uparyukta avadhi meM bauddhoM meM mUrtipUjA athavA mandira nirmANa kA pracalana ho gayA hotA to maurya samrATa azoka jaisA apane samaya kA bauddha dharma kA sabase bar3A upAsaka rAjA kaliMga vijaya ke pazcAt kaliMga meM kisI bhavya bauddha mandira athavA pratimA kA nirmANa avazya karavAtA aura sarvadharmoM ke devAyatanoM ke saMskAra ke viruda se vibhUSita khAravela usa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra avazyameva karavAtA tathA usa jIrNoddhAra kA ullekha isa zilAlekha meM nizcita rUpa se hotaa| isI prakAra upayukta avadhi meM kisI samaya jainadharma meM bhI mUrtipUjA athavA mandira nirmANa ko koI sthAna milA hotA to khAravela ke siMhAsanArUr3ha hone se kevala 26 varSa pahale svargastha huA maurya samrATa samprati bhI kaliga kI rAjadhAnI athavA pavitra kumArI parvata para avazyameva jinamUrti kI pratisThApanA aura jaina mandira kA nirmANa karavAtA / khAravela ke siMhAsanArUr3ha hone se pUrva kaliMga meM Aye tuphAna meM jisa prakAra rAjaprasAda, bhavana gopura, prAkAra Adi bhaluNThita athavA kSatigrasta hue, usI prakAra koI na koI jaina mandira bhI kSatigrasta hotA aura paramAI ta khAravela dvArA usake jIrNoddhAra kA isa zilAlekha meM avazya hI ullekha hotaa| para vastusthiti isase pUrNataH viparIta hai, kyoMki khAravela ne apane 16 varSa ke rAjyakAla meM dharmarakSA, dharmAbhyudaya aura lokakalyANa ke aneka kArya kiye para Page #297 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ gApanIya paramparA ] [ 236 na kisI mUrti kI pratiSThA kI, na eka bho mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA aura na ketubhadra yakSa kI vizAlakAya kASThamUrti ke atirikta kisI mUrti athavA mandira ke kisI utsava kA hI Ayojana kiyaa| ___ isa prakAra isa zilAlekha meM ullikhita tathya satyAnveSI sabhI dharmAcAryoM, itihAsavidoM, zodhAthiyoM, gaveSakoM aura prabuddha tatvajijJAsuoM ko una niyuktiyoM, cUNiyoM, mahAbhASyoM, paTTAvaliyoM evaM anyAya granthoM ke una sabhI ullekhoM para kSIra-nIra-vivekapUrNa niSpakSa dRSTi se gahana vicAra karane kI preraNA dete haiM, jinameM maurya samrATa paramArhata samprati ke liye kahA gayA hai ki usane tInoM khaNDoM kI pRthvI ko jinamandiroM se maNDita kara diyA thaa| ___ yaha to eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki khAravela kA hAthI guphA vAlA uparivariNata zilAlekha niyuktiyoM, cUNiyoM bhASyoM evaM paTTAvaliyoM se aneka zatAbdiyoM pUrva kA hai / ye niyuktiyAM Adi vastutaH isa zilAlekha se bahuta pIche kI kRtiyAM haiN| prasiddha purAtatvavid vidyAmahodadhi zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla, ema. e. bAraeTa lA ne to isa zilAlekha ke sambandha meM yahAM taka likhA hai : (1) .."para aitihAsika ghaTanAoM aura jIvana carit ko aMkita karane vAlA bhAratavarSa kA yaha sabase pahalA zilAlekha hai|' (2) jaina dharma kA yaha aba taka sabase prAcIna lekha hai| (3) "mAlUma rahe ki koI jainagrantha itanA purAnA nahIM hai, jitanA ki yaha lekha hai| eka ora to vIra ni0 kI cauthI zatAbdI meM ukita khAravela ke sarvAdhika prAcIna zilAlekha meM vividha dharmakAryoM kA vivaraNa hote hue bhI mUrtipUjA athavA mandira nirmANa kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM aura dUsarI ora isa zilAlekha se kramazaH 800,600, 1370 aura isase bhI bar3eM uttaravartI kAla ke bhASyakAroM, 1. kaliMga cakravartI mahArAja ke zilAlekha kA vivaraNa (kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kI ora se san 1928 meM prakAzita), pRSTha 2 2. vahI pRSTha 6 3. vahI pRSTha 11 / aNuyANe aNuyAti, pupphArUhaNAi ukkhIraNagAI / pUyaM ca betiyANaM, te vi sarajjesu kAreti // 5754 / / nizItha bhASya, bhAga 4, pRSTha 131 Page #298 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 240 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 cUriNakAroM,' paririziSTa parvakAroM aura paTTAvalIkAroM dvArA sthAna-sthAna para mUrtipUjA aura jinamandira nirmANa ke ullekhoM ke sAtha-sAtha khAravela ke siMhAsanArUr3ha hone se kevala 23 varSa pUrva svargastha hue samprati dvArA sthAna-sthAna para jinamandiroM ke nirmANa karavAye jAne aura trikhaNDa kI bhUmi ko jinamandiroM se maNDita kara diye jAne ke anekaza: ullekha kiye gaye haiN| vIra ni. saM. 316 se vIra ni. saM. 326 taka eka parama dharmaniSTha jaina rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM kiye gaye dharmakAryoM evaM anyAnya pramukha kAryoM ke vivaraNa meM mUrtipUjA kA, mandira nirmANa kA, rathayAtrA kA, ratha para puSpavarSA kA, ratha ke Age aneka prakAra ke phaloM, vividha khAdya padArthoM, kaur3iyoM evaM vastra Adi kI uchAla kA koI ullekha nahIM aura usa lekha se 800 se lekara 1800 varSa pazcAt likhe gaye granthoM meM mUrtipUjA, mandira nirmANa rathayAtrA Adi ke uttarottara atiraMjita abhivRddhi ke sAtha ullekha haiM, yaha eka isa prakAra kI sthiti hai jo sarvasAdhAraNa ko haThAt bar3e asamaMjasa meM DAla dene ke sAtha tatvajijJAsunoM, tathya ke gaveSakoM evaM itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAle vijJoM ke mana-mastiSka meM vicAra-manthana utpanna kara detI hai| yaha to eka sarvasammata nirvivAda satya hai ki vIra nivAraNa ke pazcAt 329 (316 se 326 taka khAravela kA zAsanakAla) me 376 (hAthIguphA ke zilAlekha ke uTeMkana kA anumAnita kAla) varSa kI avadhi ke bIca jo tathya zilA para ukita kiye gaye haiM, ve vIra ni0 saM0 1100, 1200, 1700 aura 2116 meM nibaddha kiye gaye bhASya, cariNa, pariziSTaparva, tapAgaccha paTTAvalI Adi granthoM ke ullekhoM kI apekSA nizcita rUperaNa adhika prAmANika evaM parama vizvasanIya aura tathyaparaka haiN| ___ ina saba tathyoM se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mUrtipUjA kA pracalana caityavAsI paramparA aura yApanIya paramparA ne kAlAntara meM prArambha kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ratnatrayadeva kI pUjA ke anantara yApanIya paramparA ne caraNacinhoM kI pUjA kA aura tadanantara mUrtipUjA evaM mandira nirmAgA Adi kA pracalana kiyaa| aNujAga raha jattA namu mo rAyA prajAgati bhaDaca Dagamahito rahegA maha hiMDati, rahema pukArUhaga kareMti, rahagato ya vividha phale khajjage ya kabaDDaga batthamAdI ya ukavIrage kareMti, annemi ca ceiyagharaThiyAgagaM veDyA pUyaM kareMti, te vi ya rAyAgo evaM ceva mara. jjemu kAravati / / 5747 kI riNa . --vahI nizIthANi / yena sampratinA vikhaNDa mitApi mahi jinaprAmAdamaNDitA vihitA / tapAgaccha paTTA va nI / racanAkAla vIra nirvAga mamvat 2116 tadanumAra vi0 saM0 1646 Page #299 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 241 zrutasAgara sUri dvArA yApanIya paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM jo "ratnatrayaM pUjayanti" vAkya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, isakI puSTi, "cikka mAgar3i" meM avasthita vasavaNNa mandira ke prAMgaNa meM jo eka stambha lekha vidyamAna hai, usase bhI hotI hai / isa ati vistRta zilAlekha ke antima bhAga meM ratnatraya deva kI vasadi ke sambandha meM jo ullekha hai vaha nimnalikhita rUpa meM hai : ............"tatpAdapadmopajIvi zrImanmahA pradhAna bAhattara niyogAdhipati mahA pracaMDa daMDanAyakaM reci devarasanAmA guNliya ratnatraya devara basadiyAcAryara bhAnukItti siddhAnta devaraM barisi munnaM samadhigata paMca mahA zabda mahAmaNDalezvaraM banavAsipuravarAdhIzvaraM padmAvatI devI labdhavaraprasAdaM mRgamadAmodaM mArkola bhairavaM kAdamba kaNThI........kAminI lolaM husivara zUlaM nigalaMka mallanasu hRt sella gaNDara dAvaNi subhaTa ziromaNi ityakhila nAmAvalI samAlaMkRtanappa vAppa deva........baliya bADaM talaveyaM tribhogAbhyantara vizuddhiyi sarva bAdhA parihAraM sarva namazyavAgi parikalpisidudaM zaka varSa nura nAlkaneya........suddha paMcamI budhavAradandA ratnatraya devarabhiSekAcaMga bhoga raMga bhogakkaM RSiyarAhAra dAnakkaM vidyArthigala........basadi pesa ........khaNDa spu (spho) Tita jIrNoddhArakkavendu prA zrImanmUla saMghada kANUra ggaNada tintrika gacchada nunna vaMzada zrImad bhAnukIti siddhAnta.........ko?........." mahApradhAnaM kRta jayAkarSaNa vidhAnaM dhanuvidyA dhanaMjaya nAkaNita raNa rabhasa bhIta bhU .............."da vidyAdharaM kAvya kalA dharanenipa murAri kezada devaMge dharma pratipAlanamaM samarpisidanAtanaM prabhAvamentendoDe / ' isameM ratnatraya deva vasadi aura ratnatraya deva ke abhiSeka aMga bhoga raMga bhoga aura vahAM rahane vAle muniyoM ke aura vidyArthiyoM ke AhAra Adi ko vyavasthA hetu mUla saMgha krANUragaNatintriNIka gaccha nunnavaMza ke prAcArya bhAnukItti siddhAntadeva ko dAna kiye jAne kA spaSTa ullekha hai / isase "ratnatrayaM pUjayanti" isa uparyullikhita ullekha kI puSTi hotI hai ki yApanIya saMgha meM ratnatraya (samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyagcAritra) deva kI pUjA kiye jAne kA pUrva kAla meM pracalana thaa| isa lekha meM ratnatraya deva mandira ke jIrNoddhAra kA bhI isa. dAna ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM ullekha hone se yaha svataH hI siddha ho jAtA hai ki zaka samvat (1) 104 tadanusAra IsvI san (1) 182 meM jisa vakta yaha dAna diyA gayA, yaha ratnatraya deva kA mandira athavA basadi kA bhavana ati prAcIna hone ke kAraNa jIrNa zIrNa ho cukA thaa| ratnatraya deva kI basadi ke ati prAcIna aura jIrNa zIrNa hone ke ullekha se bhI yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM prArambhika kAla meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mUtti ke sthAna para ratnatraya deva kI pUjA kI paripATI pracalita thii| 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha lekha saM0 408 Page #300 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 242 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 3 ina saba ke atirikta yApanIya paramparA ke vibhinna gaNoM ke AcAryoM kI paTTAvaliyoM aura aneka lekhoM meM yApanIya paramparA ke prAcAryoM ko diye gaye bhUmi dAna, grAmadAna, evaM unakI bhojanAdi kI vyavasthA ke liye kiye gaye kSetrAdi ke dAna se sambandhita zilAlekha bhI pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiM / kambada halli se prApta zaka samvat 1040 ke eka stambha lekha meM yApanIya paramparA ke prAcIna sUrastha gaNa ke prAcAryoM kI eka choTI-sI paTTAvali ullikhita hai, jo isa prakAra hai : (1) AcArya anantavIrya (2) bAlacandra (3) AcArya prabhAcandra (4) AcArya klnile deva (5) AcArya aSTopavAsI (6) AcArya hemanandi (7) prAcArya vinayanandi (8) AcArya ekavIra (6) prAcArya palla paNDita apara nAma abhimAnadAnI / isa palla paNDita ko zAkaTAyana, vyAkaraNa (zabdAnuzAsana) evaM usakI amodhavRtti ke racanAkAra yApanIya AcArya pAlyakotti apara nAma zAkaTAyana kI upamA dI gaI hai| jina zilAlekhoM meM yApanIya saMgha ke prAcAryoM ko athavA yApanIya saMgha ko tathA yApanIya saMgha ke sAdhuoM ke bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA ke liye rAjAoM athavA anya gahastha bhaktoM dvArA bhUmi, grAma, dravyAdi dAna diye gaye haiM, una saba kA ati saMkSepa meM yahAM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / jaina zikSA lekha saMgraha bhAga 1 meM yApanIya saMgha ke sambandha meM jo zilAlekhIya ullekha hai vaha isa prakAra hai : 1. lekha saMsyA 500 meM sUrya vaMzI cola kUla ke mahAmaNDalezvara rAjendra pRthvI kauMgAlva ne mUla saMgha kAragara garaNa tagarIgala gaccha ke gaNDa vimuktadeva ke liye eka vasati kA nirmANa karavAyA aura deva pUjana ke liye bhUmi kA dAna krvaayaa| 2. lekha saMkhyA 486 zaka samvat 1041 meM gaMga rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka AcArya siMhanandi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 meM yApa 1. lekha saMkhyA 266, jaina zilA lekha saMgraha bhAga 2 pRSTha 366 se 403 prakAzana vikrama samvat 2006 Page #301 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 243 nIya saMgha, usake gaNa Adi ke sambandha meM jo zilAlekhIya ullekha haiM ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. lekha saMkhyA 18 meM zrI vijaya ziva mRgeza varmA ne arhata zAlA parama puSkala sthAna nivAsI sAdhuoM ke liye aura jinendra devoM ke liye tathA zvetAmbara evaM nirgrantha mahA zramaNa saMghoM ke liye kAlabaMga nAmaka grAma kA dAna kiyaa| 2. lekha saMkhyA 66 ke anusAra kadamba vaMzI rAjA ravi varmA ne yApanIya, nirgrantha aura kUrcaka saMghoM ko palAzikA meM bhUmidAna diyaa| 3. lekha saMkhyA 100 ke anusAra yApanIya tapasviyoM kI cAturmAsAvadhi meM bhojana vyavasthA ke liye palAzikA nagarI meM kadamba vaMzI rAjA ravi varmA dvArA dAna diyA gyaa| 4. lekha saMkhyA 105 ke anusAra yApanIya saMghoM ke liye kadamba vaMzI yuvarAja devavarmA dvArA bhUmidAna diyA gayA / isameM 'yApanIya saMghebhya' isa bahu vacana ke prayoga se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yApanIya saMgha meM kaI vibhinna saMgha the| 5. lekha saMkhyA 143 meM dharmapurI ke dakSiNa meM sthita eka jina mandira ke liye dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai, jo mandira yApanIya saMgha ke eka muni ke adhikAra meM thaa| isa zilAlekha meM yopanIya saMgha ke koTimar3ava gaNa ke nandi gaccha ke prAcArya jinanandi, unake ziSya AcArya divAkara aura unake ziSya prAcArya zrImandira deva kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa lekha meM divAkara nandi kI "yatkevalajJAna nidhimahAtmA svayaM jinAnAM sadRzo guNaughaiH" isa zlokAddha se atizayoktipUrNa stuti kI gaI hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki yaha yApanIya prAcArya apane samaya ke koI mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya hoNge| 6. lekha saMkhyA 160 meM yApanIya saMgha ke kaMDuragaNa ke prAcArya maunideva ko stuti kI gaI hai| inakI stuti se pahale kaMDUragaNa ke AcArya bAhabali, devacandra, bAhubali devasiMha, ravicandra svAmI aura zubhacandra siddhAntadeva kA tathA mAnideva ke pazcAt prabhAcandra deva aura vAhubali bhaTTAraka kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai| . 7. lekha saMkhyA 185 meM sUrasthagaNa ke prAcArya vajrapANi paMDitadeva aura sAdhvI pramukhA jAkIyabbe kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki sUrasthagaNa yApanIya saMgha kA hI eka gaNa thaa| jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3 meM yApanIya saMgha ke sambandha meM jo zilAlekha haiM unakA vivaraNa saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : Page #302 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 244 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- bhAga 3 1. abhilekha saMkhyA 313 meM mUla saMgha kauMDakuDAnvaya, krANUragaNa ke titriNIka gaccha ke AcArya rAmanandi, padamanandi, municandra siddhAntadeva, AcArya bhAnukIrti siddhAntadeva ke nAma ziSya paramparA se dene ke pazcAt kanaka jinAlaya ke liye rAjA ekkala dvArA AcArya bhAnukIti ko bhUmidAna dene kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 2. abhilekha saMkhyA 353 meM mUla saMgha, krANUragaNa, meSapASANa gaccha ke AcArya bAlacandra deva ko hegar3i jakkayya tathA usakI patni jakkavve dvArA diDaguru meM eka caityAlaya ke banavAne, usameM supArzva prabhU kI mUtti kI sthApanA karane, deva kI pUjA karane tathA muniyoM ke AhAra kI vyavasthA karane ke liye bhUmidAna kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| 3. abhilekha saMkhyA 377 meM vanavAsI maNDala ke kadamba vaMzI rAjA sorideva ke zaurya varNana ke sAtha mUlasaMgha kuNDa kuNDAnvaya, krANUragaNa, tIntriNika gaccha ke muni candradeva yamI ke ziSya prAcArya bhAnukIti ko tevaratappa lokagAvuNDa dvArA bhUmidAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| isa lekha meM bhAnukIrti muni ko vandanikA pura kA adhipati batAyA gayA hai| 4. abhilekha saMkhyA 386 meM elamballI dekiseTri dvArA zAnti nAtha basadi ke jIrNoddhAra, jIyasa tathA zramaNoM kI cAroM jAtiyoM ke AhAra kA prabandha karane ke liye zAntinAthaghaTikAsthAnamaNDalAcArya bhAnukotti siddhAntadeva ko dAna dene kA aura bhAnukIti dvArA apane mantravAdI ziSya makaradhvaja ko vaha dAna samarpita kara dene kA ullekha hai| ye prAcArya bhAnukIrti upari likhita abhilekha saMkhyA 377 meM vaNita prAcArya candra deva ke hI ziSya the| 5. abhilekha saMkhyA 431 meM mUla saMgha, krANUra gaNa, tIntriNika gaccha ke prAcArya sakalacandra bhaTTArakadeva ko mahApradhAna mahAdeva daNDanAyaka dvArA eragga jinAlaya banavAkara, usameM zAntinAtha kI pratiSThA karake, mahAmaNDalezvara ekkalarasa kI upasthiti meM hiDagaNa tAlAba ke nIce 'bheruNDa' daNDe se nApa kara tIna mattala cAMvala kI bhUmi, do kolha aura eka dukAna kA dAna kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / isa zilAlekha meM yApanIya sagha ke tintrINika gaccha ke AcAryoM kI paramparA bhI uTaiMkita hai, jo nimna prakAra se hai : (1) AcArya padmanandi (2) AcArya rAmanandi (3) municandra siddhAntacakreza (4) AcArya kulabhUSaNa traividya vidyAdhara Page #303 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 245 (5) AcArya sakalacandra bhaTTAraka / 6. abhilekha saMkhyA 582 meM mUla saMgha, krANUra gaNa, tIntriNika gaccha, kauMDa kuNDAnvaya ke prAcArya zrI vAsupUjyadeva aura unake ziSya sakala candradeva kI prazaMsA ke sAtha unheM kuriggIhallI ke gaur3oM dvArA pAruSa deva kI basati banavA kara use dAna karane kA ullekha hai| 7. abhilekha saMkhyA 457 meM poyasala (hoyasala) rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka prAcArya sudatta kA aura unake dvArA kSatriya kumAra sal ko cIte ke mArane kA prAdeza dene kA ullekha hai| isa abhilekha meM mUla saMgha krANUragaNa ke prAcArya guNacandra kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 8. abhilekha saMkhyA 456 meM zrI mUlasaMgha krANUragaNa tIntriNika gaccha ke prAcArya lalitakIrti ke ziSya AcArya zubhacandra ke samAdhipUrvaka svargagamana aura unakI samAdhi para eka maNDapa khar3A kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / 6. abhilekha saMkhyA 408 meM mUla saMgha, krAgAra gagA, tonigika gaccha, nunhavaMza ke prAcArya bhAnukItti ko ratnatrayadeva kI vasati ke jIrNoddhAra ke liye, jaisA ki pahale vistArapUrvaka ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| 10. abhilekha saMkhyA 724. zaka samvat 1621 tadanusAra ImbI man 1666 kA eka bar3A hI aitihAsika mahatva kA abhilekha hai| yaha abhilekha hAgalahilalI me prApta hanA hai / isameM ullegya hai ki mUla saMgha tIntriNika gaccha ke prAcArya prAdinAtha paNDitadeva ke zrAvaka ziSya, joki jAti se telI thA aura jo tippara tIrtha ke hAdila vAgilU gAMva kA kisAna thA, aura jisakA nAma cAmagaur3a thA, ne eka patthara kA tela nikAlane kA kolhU banavAyA / isa abhilekha me yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki zaka samvat 1621 arthAt IsvI san 1666 taka yApanIya maMgha eka dharma maMgha ke rUpa meM, cAhe vaha kitanA hI nirbala saMgha kyoM na raha gayA ho, vidyamAna thaa| ina uparilikhita ullekhoM se anumAna lagAnA sahaja ho jAtA hai ki yApanIya paramparA ke prAcAryoM evaM mAdhu-sAdhviyoM dvArA niyata nivAsa aMgIkAra karane ke pazcAt hI bhUmidAna, grAmadAna grAdi grahaNa karane kI pravRti aura mUrtipujA kA pracalana prArambha hgaa| Page #304 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 246 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 yApanIya paramparA se sambandhita jo zilAlekha upalabdha hote haiM unake adhyayana se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki isa paramparA ke prAcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM ne jaina dharma ko eka jIvita dharma ke rUpa meM banAye rakhane ke lie naI se naI vidhAoM kA AviSkAra kiyaa| kisI bhI jaina athavA jainetara dharma saMgha ne apane dharma saMgha ko sabala banAne, apane dharma ke pracAra prasAra athavA loka pravAha ko apanI ora AkarSita karane ke uddezya se jo-jo ADambarapUrNa Ayojana, utsava mahotsava Adi AviSkRta kiye, una saba upAyoM ko binA kisI hicaka ke apanAne meM aura dharma pracAra ke upAyoM kA navInatama AviSkAra karane meM yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya evaM sAghu sAdhvIgaNa anya sabase Age hI rhe| udAharaNa ke taura para mUrtipUjA ke prArambhika kAla meM tIrtha karoM kI hI mUttiyAM pratiSThApita kI jAtI aura tIrtha karoM ke hI mandira banavAye jAte the, kAlAntara meM tIrthaGkaroM ke mandiroM meM hI unake yakSa-yakSariNayoM grAdi kI mUttiyAM jina mandira se bAhara rakhI jAne lgiiN| kintu apane saMgha ke pracAra ke liye yApanIyoM ne isase bhI eka kadama Age bar3hakara zravaNabelagola meM gaMgavaMzI mahArAjA rAcamalla ke mahAmantrI evaM senApati cAmuDarAya ke mAdhyama se yApanIya AcArya nemicandra ne saMsAra prasiddha bAhubalI kI vizAla mUrti kA nirmANa karavA kara usakI pratiSThA kii| prAcArya nemicandra vastuta: yApanIya prAcArya the, isakA ullekha pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| jaba bauddha aura anya dharmAvalambI tAntrikoM ne mantra tantra kA sahArA lekara apane dharmasaMghoM kA pracAra prasAra karanA prArambha kiyA to yApanIya saMgha usa dizA meM bhI sabase Age hI rahA / yApanIya AcAryoM ne hI sarvaprathama jvAlAmAlinI devI kA svatantra mandira karnATaka meM banavAyA / yApanIyoM ne hI jvAlAmAlinI kalpa, padmAvatI kalpa Adi kalpoM ko karnATaka meM sarvAdhika lokapriya bnaayaa| paMca mahAvrata grahaNa karate samaya pratyeka jaina muni yaha pratijJA grahaNa karatA hai ki vaha trikaraNa triyoga se saba prakAra ke sAvadya yogoM kA jIvanabhara ke lie parityAga karatA hai| vaha choTI se choTI hiMsA na svayaM karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai aura na choTI se choTI hiMsA karane vAle kA anumodana hI karatA hai kintu jisa samaya lagabhaga IsA kI pahalI dUsarI zatAbdI meM jainadharma rAjyAzraya se vaMcita ho gayA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa na kevala usake pracAra prasAra meM hI avarodha Ane lage apitu jaina saMgha kA hrAsa bhI hone lagA to prAcArya sihanandi ne daDig aura mAdhava nAmaka do kSatriya putroM ko sabhI vidyAoM meM pAraMgata kara unheM vanavAsI rAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna karane meM parNa yogadAna diyaa| isa prakAra jaina saMgha ke AcArya siMhanandi ne gaMgarAjavaMza kI sthApanA kii| yaha gaMgarAjavaMza prArambha se lekara anta taka jaina dharmAvalambI rahA / zravaNavelagola meM bAhubali kI mUtti kA nirmANa karavAne vAle mahAmantrI cAmaDarAya isI gaMgarAjavaMza ke uttara kAlavartI mahArAjA Page #305 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 247 rAcamalla ke mahAsenApati evaM mahAmantrI the| gaMgarAjavaMza kI sthApanA ke pazcAt prAcArya siMhanandi eka sainika abhiyAna meM bhI daDiga aura mAdhava ke sAtha rhe| yahI nahIM, isa rAjavaMza kI sthApanA ke samaya unhoMne daDiga aura mAdhava ko tathA unakI bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke rAjAoM ko jina sAta pratijJAoM kA pAlana karate rahane ke lie nirdeza diye una sAta pratijJAoM meM se chaThI pratijJA yaha thI ki raNAMgaNa se kabhI palAyana nahIM kiyA jAyagA / AcArya siMhanandi ne spaSTa zabdoM meM gaMgarAjavaMza ke Adi rAjA daDig aura mAdhava ko yaha kahA thA ki jisa dina tuma athavA tumhAre rAjavaMza kA koI bhI rAjA yuddha meM pITha dikhAkara raNAMgaNa se palAyana kara jAyagA usI dina tumhArA rAjavaMza parAbhava ko prApta ho jaaygaa| prAcArya siMhanandi ke isa upadeza kA gaMgavaMzI prAya: sabhI rAjAMtroM ne akSaraza: pAlana kiyaa| isa bAta kI sAkSI aneka zilAlekha dete haiN| prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM gaMgavaMza ke aneka rAjAroM kI prazaMsA meM isa prakAra ke ullekha Aja bhI upalabdha hote haiM ki isa vaMza ke amaka-amuka rAjA ke sampUrNa aMga-pratyaMga raNAMgaNa meM lage zastroM ke prahAroM ke cihnoM se maNDita the| jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai jaina sAdhu ke liye isa prakAra kA upadeza denA nitAnta niSiddha hai kintu tatkAlIna deza kAla aura samAja kI paristhitiyoM ko dekhate hue AcArya siMhanandi ne isa prakAra kA upadeza denA dharma kI rakSA ke liye Avazyaka samajhA / yaha prAcArya siMhanandi yApanIya prAcArya the / lekha saMkhyA 277 meM krANuragaNa ke ina prAcArya siMhanandi ko eka paTTa paramparA dI huI hai jo isa prakAra hai :-- 1. prAcArya siMhanandi (gaMgarAja vaMza ke saMsthApaka) 2. arhadbalyAcArya 3. beTTadadAmanandi bhaTTAraka 4. meghacandra vidyadeva 5. guNacandra paNDitadeva 6. zabda brahma vidya deva (isa zabda se anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki inhoMne sAMkhyoM, vaiSNavoM Adi ko prabhAvita kara jainadharma ke prati unameM maitrI aura sadbhAvanA utpanna kii|) 7. prabhAcandra siddhAnta deva (ye mahAna tArkika evaM vAdI the / ye mUla saMgha kauMDakundAnvaya, kAgagragaNa tathA mepa pApAgAgaccha ke prAcArya the| inake ziSya mAghanandi middhAnta deva hae / ) Page #306 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 248 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 8. mAghanandi siddhAnta deva (unake ziSya :-prabhAcandra dvitIya hue|) 6. prabhAcandra dvitIya (inake sadharmA (gurubhrAtA) anantavIrya muni aura municandra muni the| unake ziSya zrutakIrti hue| ) 10. zrutakIti 11. kanakanandi vidya (aneka rAjAnoM kI rAjasabhAoM meM inheM tribhuvana malla vAdirAja kI upAdhi se alaMkRta evaM sammAnita kiyA gyaa| inake sagharmAgurubhrAtA mAdhavacandra hue|) 12. mAdhavacandra 13. bAlacandra yatIndra vidya 14. anantavIrya siddhAntadeva 15. municandra siddhAntadeva' kAraNUragaNa yApanIya paramparA kA hI gaNa thA isa bAta kI puSTi aneka vidvAnoM ne kI hai / katipaya zilAlekhoM meM bhI kAraNUragaNa ko yApanIya saMgha kA hI garaNa batAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta isI zilAlekha meM isa paTTa paramparA ke sAtaveM paTTadhara prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva ko kAraNa gaNa tathA meSa pASANa gaccha kA prAcArya batAyA gayA hai / meSa pASANa gaccha yApanIya saMgha kA hI gaccha thA / ise itihAsa ke sabhI vidvAnoM ne eka mata se svIkAra kiyA hai / inhIM prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva ke ziSya budhacandra deva the / prAcArya budhacandra deva kI vidyamAnatA meM prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva ke gRhastha ziSya varma deva aura bhUjavalagaMga permADideva ne maMDali kI pahAr3I para avasthita usa prAcIna vasadi kA punanirmANa karavAyA jime pUrva kAla meM daDiga aura mAdhava ne prAcArya siMhanandi ke nirdeza para banavAyA thaa| isI yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya municandra ne raTTa rAjavaMza kI sImAoM kA vistAra kara use eka zaktizAlI rAjya kA rUpa pradAna kiyaa| mahAmaNDalezvara raTTarAja lakSmIdeva dvitIya, jo ki apanI rAjadhAnI veNugrAma (sAmpratakAlIna belagAMva) meM rahakara raTTa rAjya kA saMcAlana kara rahe the, dvArA sauMdantI se prApta eka zilAlekha meM ina prAcArya municandra ko eka kuzala rAjanItijJa raNanIti nipuNa aura raTTa mahArAjya kA saMsthApaka batAyA gayA hai| 1. 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 pRSTha 408-826 lekha maMkhyA 277 je. bI. prAra. e. ema., vAlyUma 10 peja 260, epha. epha. Page #307 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 246 isa zilAlekha meM AcArya municandra ke eka ziSya prAcArya lakSmIdeva kA bhI nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai / ina prAcArya municandra ke nAmollekha ke sambandha meM prasiddha purAtatvavettA evaM itihAsajJa pI. bI. desAI ne likhA hai : "Lastly, we may notice one more inscription from Saundatti, which offers interesting details about the Jain teachers. The epigraph is dated A. D. 9775 and refers itself to the reign of the Ratta Chief Maha Mandaleshwar Laxmi Deo II, who was governing the Kingdom from his capital Venugram (veNugrAma) or modern Belgaon (belagAMva). The Jain teacher was Munichandra (municandra), who is styled as the royal preceptor of the Ratta House (raTTa rAjaguru). Munichandra's activities were not confined to the sphere of religion alone. Besides being a spiritual guide and political adviser of the royal house hold, he appears to have taken a leading part not only in the administrative affairs, but also in connection with the military campaigns of the kingdom (vara-bAhA-baladima-virodhIniparam beMkoMgaDana) he is stated to have expended the boundaries of the Ratta territories and established their authority on a firm footing. Both Laxmi Deo II and his father Kart Veerya IV (kAta vIrya caturtha) were indebted to this divine for his sound advice and political wisdum. Munichandra was well versed in sacred lore and proficient in military science. "Worthy of respect, most able among ministers, the establishers of Ratta Kings, Munichandra surpassed all others in capacity for administration and in generousity."1 zrI desAI dvArA prastuta uparilikhita zilAlekha ke sArAMza se yaha eka bar3A hI vismayakArI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki jisa prakAra yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya siMhanandi ne gaMga rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kI aura usa rAjavaMza ke Adi rAjA aura bhAvI rAjAoM ko yuddhabhUmi meM zatru ke sammukha DaTe rahane kA upadeza diyA, usI prakAra unake uttaravartI yApanIya prAcArya municandra unase bhI cAra kadama Age bar3ha gye| unhoMne raTTa rAjA lakSmIdeva ko prazAsana calAne meM aura rAjya vistAra hetu sainika abhiyAna prArambha karane aura una sainika abhiyAnoM ko sucArU rUpa se calAne hetu sakriya sahayoga taka diyaa| eka paMca mahAvratadhArI prAcArya ko isa zilAlekha meM sarvazreSTha suyogya mahAmantrI, kuzala rAjanaitika parAmarzadAtA aura raNanIti vizArada taka batAyA gayA hai / isase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki usa yuga kI AvazyakatA ko samajhakara jaina saMgha ko eka sazakta saMgha ke rUpa meM banAye rakhane ke 1. jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA eNDa sama jaina ipigrAphsa bAI pI. bI desAI-peja 114, 115 jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, zolApura dvArA 1657 meM prakAzita / Page #308 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 250 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 liye evaM usake prabala pracAra prasAra ke saduddezya se rAjyAzraya prApta karake una yApanIya mahAna AcAryoM ne zramaNa dharma ke pratikUla kAryoM ko karanA bhI svIkAra kiyaa| jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai na kevala yApanIya paramparA apitu anya paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM ne bhI munidharma ke viparIta mArga kA anusaraNa karate hue grAmAdi kA dAna svIkAra karane meM kisI prakAra kA saMkoca nahIM kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya meM muniyoM kI bhojana vyavasthA ke liye mandiroM ke nirmANa evaM unakI dainandina AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye prAcAryoM dvArA dAna grahaNa karanA eka vyApaka aura sarvasammata kArya ho cukA thaa| mandiroM kA paurohitya karanA, unakI vyavasthA karanA evaM unakA nirIkSaNa karanA Adi kArya bhI, jo ki vastutaH eka muni ke liye sadoSa hone ke kAraNa tyAjya haiM, AcAryoM ne samaya ke prabhAva se prabhAvita hokara apane hAtha meM le liye the| kalabhAvI nAmaka grAma (sampagAMva tAluka) ke rAmaliMga mandira ke bAhara se prApta hue zaka samvat 261 ke eka zilAlekha meM, jo zodha ke pazcAt IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA mAnA gayA hai, yaha ullekha hai ki pazcimI gaMgavaMza ke rAjA zivamAra ne kumudavAr3a (kalabhAvI) meM eka jaina mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA aura usa mandira kI vyavasthA ke liye vaha pUrA kA pUrA melApa anvaya nAmaka grAma, kAregaNa ke AcArya devakIti ko dAna meM de diyA gayA / yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki kAregaraNa yApanIya saMgha kA eka pramukha gaNa thaa| isa zilAlekha meM kAregaNa ke kucha prAcAryoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM jo isa prakAra haiM: 1. zubhakIti, 2. jinacandra, 3. nAgacandra, aura 4. guNakIti / yApanIya saMgha ke prAcIna kendra IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa yApanIya saMgha tAmilanADa pradeza meM kanyAkUmArI taka sakriya rhaa| isa sambandha meM pahale prakAza DAlA jA cakA hai| kintu IsA kI cauthI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM aura usake pazcAt yApanIya saMgha vastutaH karNATaka prAnta ke uttaravartI bhAga meM hI eka sarvAdhika lokapriya dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM sakriya rahA / karNATaka pradeza se prApta zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki palAsikA jo ki Aja belagAMva jile kA halasI grAma hai, yApanIya saMgha kA pracAra-prasAra kA IsA kI pAMcavIM va chaThI zatAbdI meM kendra rhaa| isake pazcAt IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM bIjApura jile kA aihola grAma kendra rhaa| isake anantara IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM tumakura jile meM aneka sthAnoM para yApanIya saMgha ne apane munisaMghoM kI vasadiyoM kA nirmANa kara unako apanA kendra banAkara dharma kA pracAra va prasAra kiyA / isa prakAra IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM tumakura jile meM bhI yApanIya saMgha kA pUrNa | Page #309 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ] [ 251 prabhutva sthApita ho gayA / isake pazcAt yApanIya saMgha dhAravAr3a kolhApura aura belagAMva ina sabhI jiloM kA pramukha evaM lokapriya dharmasaMgha bana gyaa| Age calakara IsA kI gyArahavIM bArahavIM zatAbdI meM yApanIya saMgha kA dharmapracAra kSetra kevala uttarI karNATaka meM hI sImita raha gayA / yApanIya saMgha ke prAzrayadAtA rAjavaMza karNATaka ke gaMga rAjavaMza ke aura poysala rAjavaMza ke rAjA prArambha se lekara anta taka jaina dharmAvalambI rahe / inake atirikta kadamba vaMza, rASTrakUTa vaMza, raTTa vaMza, cAlukya vaMza, zAntara vaMza, kalacurI vaMza Adi aneka rAjavaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne samaya-samaya para apane zAsanakAla meM jainadharma ko saMrakSaNa diyA aura jainadharma ke pracAra prasAra meM ina rAjavaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne mukta hasta ho sahAyatA kI / poysala rAjya ke saMsthApaka prAcArya sudatta kisa paramparA ke AcArya the isa sambandha meM pramAraNAbhAva se sunizcita rUpeNa kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu maisUra - dhAravAr3a saurabha kupattUra halasI Adi kSetroM meM IsA kI tIsarI, cauthI zatAbdI se hI yApanIya saMgha kA pUrNa varcasva rahA aura kaI rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA ke liye evaM 'gaMga rAjavaMza' jaise jaina dharmAvalambI rAjavaMza kI abhivRddhi ke liye, jainAcAryoM ne, jo anumAnata: yApanIya saMgha ke hI ho sakate haiM, bar3I gaharI ruci lI / jainAcAryoM kA apane Upara varadahasta hone ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina rAjavaMzoM ne jaina dharma kI abhivRddhi ke liye apanI pIr3hI prapIr3hI taka jo-jo ullekhanIya kArya kiye, unake vivaraNa dakSiNa ke prAyaH sabhI prAntoM se mukhyataH karNATaka se prApta hue abhilekhoM, zilAlekhoM evaM mUrti lekhoM Adi meM bhare par3e haiM jinakA vistArapUrvaka varNana rAjavaMzoM ke prakaraNa meM yathAsthAna kiyA jAyagA / Page #310 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya-paramparAoM ke pracAra-prasAra evaM utkarSa meM sahayogI rAjavaMza caityavAsI, bhaTrAraka evaM yApanIya prabhRti dravya paramparAoM ke pracAra-prasAra evaM saMvarddhana meM hoyasala (poysala), kadamba, gaMga evaM rASTrakUTa rAjavaMzoM kA bar3A hI ullekhanIya yogadAna rhaa| una caityavAsI Adi dravya paramparAoM ne paramparAgata nitAnta adhyAtmaparaka, bhAvArcanAparaka jaina saMgha ko kisa prakAra nayA mor3a dekara AdhyAtmika bhAvArcanA ke sthAna para dravyArcanA-dravyapUjA-pradhAna svarUpa pradAna kiyA, isa sambandha meM vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa ina dravyaparamparAoM ke paricaya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| jina rAjavaMzoM ko apanI-apanI dravya-paramparA kA anuyAyI banAkara athavA jina-jina rAjavaMzoM kA Azraya grahaNa kara una dravya paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM ne apanI-apanI paramparA kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA, jina-jina rAjavaMzoM se una dravya paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AhAra-vihAra prAvAsa Adi kI vyavasthA ke liye grAmadAna, bhUmidAna, dravyadAna Adi grahaNa kara drutagati se dravya paramparAoM kA pracAra-prasAra evaM vistAra karane meM saphalatA prApta kI, una rAjavaMzoM kA evaM ina dravya-paramparAoM ke utthAna-utkarSa ke lie una rAjavaMzoM dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM kA paricaya denA aitihAsika Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se paramAvazyaka hai| jaina dharma ke parama pavitra evaM parama mAnya Agama Aja bhI vidyamAna haiM, madhya yuga meM bhI vidyamAna the| sarvajJa-sarvadarzI tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa una jaina AgamoM meM jaina dharma ke svarUpa kA, sva tathA para ke liye kalyANakArI karaNIya kAryoM-kartavyoM kA, zramaNa-zramaNiyoM, prAcAryoM ke liye AcaraNIya AcAra-vicAra-AhAra-vihAra evaM dainandina kArya-kalApoM kA sucArU rUpeNa subodhya zailI meM suspaSTa digdarzana vidyamAna hai, ullikhita hai / una Agamika ullekhoMAdezoM se nitAnta bhinna evaM prAyaH pratikUla dizA meM calakara bhI ve dravya paramparAe madhyayuga meM kisa prakAra uttarottara abhivRddha hotI gaI, lokapriya hotI gaI, unake pracAra-prasAra aura utkarSa meM kauna sI zakti sahAyaka thI, isa dRSTi se bhI ina dravya paramparAnoM ko Azraya athavA prazraya dene vAle rAjavaMzoM kA paricaya denA paramAvazyaka hai| Page #311 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 253 isa tathya ko to pratyeka vijJa vicAraka binA kisI prakAra kI hicakicAhaTa ke svIkAra karegA ki-"jaina saMgha kisa prakAra eka zaktizAlI dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM sasammAna jIvita raha sakatA hai"- yaha bhAvanA una madhyayugIna dravya-paramparAoM ke sUtradhAroM ke antarmana meM prota-prota thii| isa prakAra kI pavitra bhAvanA una dravya paramparAgoM ke sUtradhAroM kI saphalatA meM vastutaH bar3I sahAyaka siddha huI / una dravya paramparAoM ke sUtradhAroM, AcAryoM, zramaNa-zramariNayoM kA isa dizA meM niSThApUrNa athaka prayAsa va parizrama bhI unakI saphalatA meM pramukha sahAyaka rahA / yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI una dravya paramparAoM ko zaktizAlI dharma saMghoM ke rUpa meM lokapriya banAne kA adhikAMza zreya una rAjavaMzoM ko hI diyA jA sakatA hai, jinhoMne tanamana-dhana aura jana se sahayoga dekara ina paramparAoM ke utkarSa ke liye na kevala jIvana bhara hI apitu pIr3hI prapIr3hiyoM taka athaka prayAsa kiyaa| jisa samaya pUrva se pazcima aura himAlaya se parevartI sudUra uttaravartI sImAoM se lekara dakSiNa sAgara taTa taka hI nahIM apitu dakSiNa sAgaravartI dvIpoM taka meM prasRta-phaile hue jaina saMgha para cAroM ora se evaM mukhyataH dakSiNApatha se vinAzakArI ghora saMkaTa ke bAdala ghUmar3a-ghumar3a kara ghira uThe the, una saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM, usa ghora saMkrAnti kAla meM ina dravya paramparAoM ke sUtradhAroM-prAcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para vibhinna kSetroM meM sattArUr3ha rAjavaMzoM kA pAzraya grahaNa kara evaM prAvazyakatA par3ane para poyasala (hoyasala), gaMga jaise abhinava rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA kara unakI sahAyatA se jaina saMgha ko jIvita rakhane meM jaina saMgha kI rakSA karane meM jo ullekhanIya kArya kiye, ve sadA-sadA jaina itihAsa ke pannoM para svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita rheNge| jaina saMgha sadA se prArya dharA para eka sudRr3ha zaktizAlI dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM rahA hai / AdikAla se ikSvAku vaMza ke rAjAmoM ne, tadanantara harivaMza-yaduvaMza, poravavaMza, zizunAga vaMza, gardabhilla vaMza, sAtavAhana vaMza, cedivaMza evaM maurya vaMza pAdi aneka yazasvI rAjavaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne samaya-samaya para apane-apane zAsana kAla meM vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanAoM se prota-prota vizvakalyANakArI jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra-pallavana utkarSa ke liye jo-jo ullekhanIya kArya kiye unakA vIra ni0 saM01000 taka kA sArarUpa meM lekhA-jokhA isI granthamAlA ke prathama evaM dvitIya bhAga meM prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai| vIra ni0 saM0 1000 ke uttaravartI kAla meM samaya-samaya para sAtavAhana, cola, cera, pANDya, kadamba, gaMga, cAlukya, rASTrakUTa, raTTa, zilAhAra, poyasala mAdi rAjavaMzoM ne jainadharma ko Azraya-prazraya pradAna kara isake prabhyudaya utkarSa ke kAryoM meM ullekhanIya yogadAna diyaa| IsA kI pAMcavI-chaThI zatAbdI taka jaina dharma mukhya rUpa Page #312 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 254 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 se dakSiNA patha kA eka pramukha, zaktizAlI evaM bahujana sammata dharma rahA / aneka zilAlekhoM, purAtAtvika avazeSoM evaM "jaina saMhAra caritam" Adi zaiva paramparA kI prAcIna sAhityika laghu kRtiyoM se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki tamilanADu tathA Andhra- karNATaka meM zaiva sampradAya evaM vaiSNava sampradAya ke abhyudayotkarSa se pUrva jaina dharma kA dakSiNI prAntoM meM sarvAdhika hI nahIM apitu atyadhika varcasva thaa| isa tathya ke pratipAdaka "jaina saMhAra caritam" ke katipaya sthaloM kA hindI rUpAntara sAmAnyataH sabhI jijJAsuoM ke liye aura vizeSataH itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAle vijJoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ke lAbhArtha yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : "pUrvakAla meM pRthvI bhara meM zramaNa logoM kI saMkhyA adhika mAtrA meM thii| rAjA aura prajA sabhI isa dharma (jaina dharma) meM aikyatva ko prApta ho gaye the| isa (jaina) dharma meM logoM kI prAsthA adhika hone ke kAraNa anya dharma kI bAteM unheM rucikara nahIM lagatI thiiN| saba jagaha arihanta bhagavAn kI upAsanA kI jAtI thI / tana para ke vastra aura zira ke kezoM taka para bhI moha nahIM rakhane vAle evaM samasta prakAra kI prAzAnoM-AkAMkSAoM se rahita hokara giriguhAoM meM ekAnta nivAsa pUrvaka tapazcaraNa karane vAle tapodhana bhI yahI mAnate the ki arihanta bhagavAn hI saba kucha haiM / sampUrNa janamAnasa meM yahI ekamAtra aTala AsthA thI ki pahale (laukika) / sukha dekara anta meM mukti (mokSa) pradAna karane bAle arhanta bhagavAn hI sarvopari sarvasva arthAt saba kucha haiN| isa prakAra jaba zramaNa dharma prati unnata dazA meM thA, taba cola maNDala nAmaka pradeza ke........."gAMva meM brAhmaNa kula meM sundara mUrti kA janma huaa| ve pAMca varSa kI vaya meM hI apane janma-sthAna se nikalakara madurai (dakSiNa mathurAmaduraI) pahuMce aura vahIM rahane lge| usa samaya madurai nagara meM sthita 8000 zramaNa santa 'sokkanAdara' nAmaka ziva mandira ke kapAToM ko paryApta samaya pUrva hI banda karavAkara apane dharma kA pracAra karane meM saMlagna the| . jaba sundara mUrti kucha bar3e hue taba kisI kAraNavaza ve zaiva santa bana gye| unhoMne apane kartavya ke rUpa meM zramaNa dharma ke pracArakoM ko phAMsI para laTakA kara zaiva dharma kA uddhAra karane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| ziva bhagavAn ke parama bhakta hone ke kAraNa una para bhagavAna ziva prasanna he| ziva ne unheM varadAna diyA-"tuma zramaNoM kA saMhAra kara zaiva dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kroge|" zaiva santa banane ke pazcAt ve sundaramUrti nAyanAra evaM jJAna sambandha mUrti ke nAma se vikhyAta hae / jJAna sambandha mUrti ne (ziva dvArA pradatta) motiyoM se jar3I pAlakI meM baiThakara zramaNa-saMhAra ke liye prasthAna kiyA / ........ Page #313 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAgoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 255 ... "jJAna sambandha mUrti ne pAlakI meM baiThe-baiThe hI banda kapAToM vAle zivamandira ko dekha kara aneka stotroM se ziva kI stuti kii| tatkAla ziva mandira ke kapATa khula gaye / isa prakAra unhoMne aneka banda par3e ziva mandiroM ke kapAToM ko kholaa| ve vaigai nadI ke dakSiNI kala para avasthita zaiva maTha meM Thahare / ........... ......."zra tipura ke nivAsiyoM ne jJAna sambandha mUrti se prArthanA kI-"he dharmodvAraka! ......."zramaNoM ke dvArA kiye jA rahe atyAcAroM se hama loga bar3e duHkhI evaM patita avasthA meM haiM / isa bhUmi ke zAsaka rAjA bhI zramaNoM ke pakSa meM haiM aura bahusaMkhyaka prajA bhI zramaNoM kI anuyAyI hai / isa prakAra kI paristhitiyoM meM zaiva dharma kaise panapegA ?............ isa skaMdha nadI ke dakSiNI kUla para ina zramaNoM kA mandira evaM maTha hai / ve nagara basA kara vAsa karate haiN| ve zramaraNa kahate haiM "zavoM ko prAMkhoM se dekhanA aura unakI bAta sunanA bhI mahApApa hai / "..........." ........."jJAna sambandha mUrti kI motiyoM se jaTita pAlakI, vRSabhadhvaja, zveta cAmara evaM tevAraM kA saghoSa gAna karate hue zaiva samUha ke sAtha jJAna sambandha mUrti ko dekhate hI zramaNoM ke tana-mana bhaya se prakampita ho utthe| ve zramaNa vicAra pharane lage-"isa jJAna sambandha mUrti ne madurai meM 8000 zramaNoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyaa| aba hameM kyA karanA cAhiye ?" ....."taba sabhI zramaNa milakara vicAra karane lage-"aba hama logoM ke vinAza kA samaya A gayA hai, aba hama meM se eka bhI jIvita nahIM bacegA / ... / " ..........."yaha dekha kara jJAna sambandha mUrti ne rAjA se kahA-"ina zramaNoM meM se jo-jo apane lalATa meM bhasma lagAkara zaiva bana jAyaM, unako to jIvana dAna de diyA jAya / jo bhAla meM bhasma lagAkara zaiva na baneM una zramaNoM ko phAMsI para laTakA diyA jAya / "..... ....... ...........isa para zramaNa dharma meM prAsthA rakhane vAle bahusaMkhyaka zramaNa svayaM phAMsI para car3ha gaye / kucha loga zaiva bana gaye to kucha loga prANa bacAkara vahAM se tatkAla palAyana kara gaye / "" upayudata ullekhoM se yaha spaSTataH siddha hotA hai ki sundara pANDya ke zAsanakAla meM samasta dakSiNApatha meM paura vizeSataH tAmilanAr3a meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI gaNanA prabala bahusaMkhyaka ke rUpa meM kI jAtI thii| __.. moriyanTala molDa menuskripTsa lAyo rI, mekenje kalekzana (mahAsa yUnivarsiTI parikara) kI tAr3apatrIya "jaina saMhAra caritam" prati / Page #314 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 256 ) / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 , madurai meM jJAna sambandhara' se pratispardhA meM jaina zramaNoM ke parAjita ho jAne para sundara pANDya jainadharma kA parityAga kara zaiva bana gayA aura usane spardhA kI zarta ke anusAra parAjita 5000 jaina zramaraNoM ko phAMsI ke phaMdoM para laTakA diyaa| isa durbhAgyazAlinI ghaTanA ko itihAsa ke aneka vidvAnoM ne kevala kAlpanika na mAnakara ise eka aitihAsika tathya kI paridhi meM Ane vAlI ghaTanA mAnA hai / madurai ke mInAkSI mandira kI bhittiyoM para bhitticitroM meM zramaNa saMhAra kI isa ghaTanA ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| pANDya rAjavaMza dvArA jaina dharma ke sthAna para zavadharma svIkAra kara liye jAne ke pazcAt colarAjavaMza ne bhI zaiva dharma aMgIkAra kara jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM para atyAcAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| usake pazcAt basavA, ekAMtada ramaiyA evaM rAmAnujAcArya dvArA dakSiNApatha meM kramaza: zaiva evaM vaiSNava (rAmAnuja) sampradAya ke pracAra ke evaM zaivoM dvArA jainoM para kiye gaye sAmUhika laTa-khasoTa hatyA evaM balAt dharma parivartana ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo prAndhra pradeza zatAbdiyoM se jainoM kA mukhya gar3ha thA, vahAM se jainoM kA astitva taka miTa gyaa| tamilanADa meM bhI zatAbdiyoM se bahusaMkhyaka ke rUpa meM mAne jAte rahe jaina dharmAvalambI atIva svalpa athavA nagaNya saMkhyA meM hI avaziSTa raha gye| __isa prakAra ke saMkrAMtikAla meM jaina dharma kI rakSA karane meM, jaina dharma ko eka sammAnAspada dharma ke rUpa meM banAye rakhane meM jina rAjavaMzoM ne mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvahana kiyA, unameM se pramukha rAjavaMzoM kA, evaM unake dvArA jainadharma ke abhyudayautkarSa ke liye kiye gaye kAryoM kA saMkSepa meM yahAM paricaya prastuta kiyA jA Both he (K. V. Subrahmanya Aiyer) and Mr. Ramaswami Ayyangar would therefore place Tirugnansambandhar in the Seventh Century A. D.. -MEDIAEVAL JAINISM (Critical times) p. 2.5 Here on the walls of the same temple are found paintings depicting the persecution and impaling of the Jainas at the instance of Tirujnana sambandhar. And what is still more unfortunate is that even now the whole tragedy is gone through at five of the twelve annual festivals at that famous Madura temple ? -MEDIAEVAL JAINISM (Critical times) p. Page #315 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya-paramparAgoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 257 gaMga rAjavaMza (IsA kI dUsarI se gyArahavIM zatAgdI) bhArata ke dakSiNa pradeza meM jaina dharma ke prati zraddhA, AsthA evaM udAratApUrNa vyavahAra rakhane vAle madhyayugIna rAjavaMzoM meM gaMga rAjavaMza kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| gaMga rAjavaMza kA zAsana kAla bar3e athavA choTe rUpa meM, svatantra rAjAdhirAja athavA kisI anya mahArAjAdhirAja ke vazavartI sAmantoM ke rUpa meM, IsvI sana 103 se 1600 ke AsapAsa taka rahA / isa rAjavaMza ke zAsana kAla meM isa rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM, rAniyoM, rAjakumAroM, mantriyoM evaM senApatiyoM Adi ke sahayoga se jainadharma dakSiNa bhArata ke pramukha evaM lokapriya dharma ke rUpa meM puSpita evaM pallavita haa| isa rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM ne apanI rAjadhAnI sarvaprathama kuvalAla (kolhAra) meM aura tatpazcAt kAverI ke taTa para talakAr3a meM rakkhI / IsvI san 1064 meM coloM dvArA talakADa para adhikAra kara liye jAne para isa rAjavaMza kI eka zAkhA ne kaliMga meM aura kaliMga ke sAtha-sAtha laMkA meM bhI rAjya kiyaa| dUsarI zAkhA ne talakADa ke patana ke pazcAta uddhare meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kii| amara kRti - isI rAjavaMza ke ikkIsaveM rAjA rAyamalla dvitIya satyavAkya (IsvI san 974 se 684) ke zAsanakAla meM unake mahAmAtya cAmuNDarAya ne suvarNa velagula (karNATaka) meM vindhyagiri nAma kI pahAr3I para usI pahAr3I ke zikhara para upalabdha eka akhaMDa zilAkhaMDa ko kATa, tarAza evaM ghaDa kara bhagavAna bAhubalI kI eka 56 phITa UMcI mUrti kA nirmANa IsvI san 680 meM kraayaa| paira se lekara sira taka eka hI zilAkhaNDa se nirmita yaha bAhubalI (gommaTezvara) kI atIva bhavya evaM vizAla mUrti vAstava meM saMsAra ke Aja dina taka jJAta aneka AzcaryoM meM se eka Azcarya hai| cAmuNDarAya ne vindhyagiri pahAr3I kI pArzvastha candragiri nAmaka pahAr3I para bhI bhagavAn neminAtha ke eka bhavya mandira kA IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM nirmANa kraayaa| ina amarakRtiyoM ke kAraNa cAmuNDarAya ke sAtha-sAtha gaMga rAjavaMza kA nAma bhI jaina sAhitya evaM itihAsa meM cirakAla taka smaraNIya rhegaa| gaMga rAjavaMza ke prArambha se lekara anta taka prAya: sabhI rAjA jainadharma ke prati pUre niSThAvAna rhe| IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka kI purAtAtvika sAmagrI, granthoM, tADapatroM, evaM zilAlekhoM Adi se yaha pramANita hotA Page #316 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 258 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 hai ki isa rAjavaMza ke zAsakoM ne aneka jina mandiroM, jina mUrtiyoM evaM jaina sAdhuoM ke nivAsa ke lie anekoM guphAoM Adi kA nirmANa karavAkara jainAcAryoM ko unakA dAna kara diyaa| gaMga rAjavaMza kA udbhava nagara se prApta aitihAsika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa zilAlekha saMkhyA 35 IsvI san 1077 meM gaMga rAjavaMza ke itihAsa para vizad prakAza DAlA gayA hai| soraba se prApta IsvI san 1085 ke ta ti ke re zilAlekha (so ra ba 10 jilda 7) pu ra le se prApta IsvI san 1112 (so ra ba 64) ke tathA kannUra guD DA se prApta IsvI san 1122 ke (so ra ba 4) zilAlekhoM meM bhI nagara se prApta uparokta lekha saMkhyA 35 IsvI san 1077 ke zilAlekha meM ukita tathyoM ke samAna hI gaMga vaMza kA itihAsa prApta hotA hai / ina saba abhilekhoM meM nagara kA lekha saMkhyA 35 sabase pahale kA hai| nagara ke zilAlekha meM gaMga rAjavaMza kI utpatti ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, usake sAtha-sAtha prakhyAta purAtatvavid evaM itihAsajJa bI lUisa rAisa aura anya vidvAnoM dvArA likhe gaye vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para gaMga rAjavaMza ke udbhava, usake zAsanakAla evaM isa vaMza ke rAjAoM dvArA kiye gaye aitihAsika mahatva ke kAryoM kA vivaraNa yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : Thummaca se prApta zaka saMvat 666 (IsvI san 1077) ke lekha saMkhyA 213, ni di mi se prApta IsvI san 1917 ke lekha saMkhyA 267, kallU ra guDu se prApta IsvI san 1121 ke lekha saMkhyA 277 aura pu ra le (bidare paraganA) se prApta lekha saMkhyA 266 meM gaMgavaMza kI utpatti ke sambandha meM vistAra se vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| lekha saMkhyA 213 meM gaMga rAjavaMza kA sUryavaMzI ikSvAku kSatriyoM se sambandha batAte hue rAjAoM kA krama isa prakAra diyA hai : .. gaMga rAjavaMza ke pUrva puruSa 1. dhanaMjaya : ikSvAku kula gagana bhAnu ayodhyApati dhanaMjaya ne kAnyakubjAdhIza (nAma nahIM diyA hai) ko yuddha meM pAhata kara bandI bnaayaa| unakI mahArAnI gAndhArI devI se harizcandra kA janma huaa| harizcandra kI rAnI rohiNI devI se rAma aura lakSmaNa nAmaka do putroM kA janma huaa| ye rAma aura lakSmaNa Age calakara kramazaH da Di ga aura mA dha va ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| ye donoM bhAI hI gaMga vaMza ke pUrva puruSa haiN| lekha saMkhyA 277 meM gaMga vaMza ke udbhava ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita rUpa se vivaraNa diyA gayA hai : Page #317 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAmoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 256 1. harizcandra ikSvAku vaMzI ayodhyA kA rAjA bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke zAsanakAla meM huA / usakA putra 2. bharata / bharata kI rAnI vijayA mahAdevI ko lola laharoM, matsyoM, cakravAtoM aura rAjahaMsoM se saMkula gaMgA meM snAna karane kA dohada utpanna huaa| dohada kI pUrti ke pazcAt vijaya mahAdevI ne eka tejasvI putraratna ko janma diyA, jisakA nAma gaMgadatta rakkhA gyaa| 3. gaMgadatta se gaMga rAjavaMza kA pravartana humaa| gaMgadatta ke anantara anukrama se aneka rAjAoM ke pazcAt neminAtha ke tIrtha meM isI vaMza kA viSNugupta nAmaka rAjA huaa| 4. viSNugupta aneka varSoM taka ahicchatrapura meM rAjya karatA rahA / usane apane bar3e putra bhagadatta ko kaliMga kA rAjya aura choTe putra zrIdatta ko ahicchatrapura kA rAjya diyaa| isa prakAra gaMgavaMza kI do zAkhAeM ho gii| eka ahicchatrapura meM aura dUsarI kaliMga meM zAsana karane lgiiN| bhagadatta aura unake vaMzaja kaliga gaMga ke nAma se loka meM vikhyAta hue|' 5. zrIvatta / zrIdatta kA putra priyabandhu / 6. priyabandhu jisa samaya ahicchatrapura meM rAjya kara rahA thaa| usa samaya bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna huaa| indra jisa samaya bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke kevalajJAnotpatti kI mahimA gAna ke liye upasthita huA, usI samaya rAjA priyabandhu bhI vahAM upasthita huA aura usane bar3I zraddhA bhakti se pArzva prabhU ke kevalajJAna kI mahimA gaaii| priyabandhu dvArA kI gaI kevalajJAna mahimA se prasanna hokara indra ne use pAMca divya prAbharaNAlaMkAra pradAna kiye aura usane ahicchatrapura kA nAma vijayapura rakha diyaa| isa vaMza ke aneka rAjAoM ke pazcAt kAlAntara meM 7. kamba nAmaka rAjA huaA / kamba ke bAda padmanAbha huaa| 8. papranAbha ke rAma aura lakSmaNa nAma ke do putra hue| jaba ye donoM kumAra kizora vaya meM praviSTa hue usa samaya ujjayinI ke rAjA mahIpAla ne vijayapura para AkramaNa kara padmanAbha se ve pAMcoM divya AbharaNa maaNge| padmanAbha isase sahamata nahIM huaa| usane cAlIsa cune hue brAhmaNoM ke sAtha apane rAma lakSmaNa nAma ke donoM rAjakumAroM aura unakI choTI bahina ko pracchanna rUpa se vijayapura se dakSiNa . uttaravartI kAla meM gaMga rAjavaMza kI zAkhA ne kaliMga meM zatAbdiyoM taka zAsana kiyaa| isa aitihAsika tathya ke sandarbha meM yaha ullekha vicAraNIya hai / -smpaadk| Page #318 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 260 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kI mora prasthita kara diyaa| una donoM rAjakumAroM ke nAma badalakara kramaza: da Di ga aura mA dha va rakha diye gye| anukrama se aneka sthAnoM para paDAva DAlate hue ve karNATaka pradeza meM eka aise sthAna para pahuMce, jahAM eka pahAr3I ke pAsa vizAla perU ra (sarovara) ke kinAre.para eka caityAlaya banA huA thA aura usa sarovara ke cAroM ora candana, mandAra evaM nameru Adi vRkSoM se bharApUrA eka sundara vana bhI thA / prAkRtika saundarya se bhare pUre usa sthAna para unhoMne apanA DerA ddaalaa| caityAlaya kI tIna bAra pradakSiNA kara unhoMne sarvaprathama jinendra bhagavAn kI stuti kii| vahIM pAsa meM nivAsa kara rahe kA NU ra gaNa ke (grAmanIya saMgha ke) AcArya siMhanandi ke darzana kara unheM vinayapUrvaka vandana namana kiyaa| prAcArya siMhanandi da Di ga aura mA ghava kI zraddhA aura vinaya bhakti se bar3e prasanna hue aura unakA vAstavika paricaya prApta hone para unheM aneka vidyAnoM kA prazikSaNa dekara ina vidyAoM meM pAraMgata bnaayaa| eka dina prAcArya siMhanandi ke dekhate-dekhate hI mAdhava ne apanI pUrI zakti lagAkara eka pASANa stambha para talavAra kA bharapUra vAra kiyaa| pASANastambha tatkAla do Tukar3e hokara pRthvI para gira par3A / mAdhava ke isa atula bala ko dekhakara siMhanandi parama prasanna hue| prAcArya siMhanandi kI sahAyatA se daDiga aura mAdhava ne eka rAjya kI sthApanA kii| unhoMne kuvalAla (kolhAra) ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA aura kuvalAla 66000 rAjya ke adhipati hue| jisa sthAna para unheM prAcArya siMhanandi ke darzana hue the vaha sthAna loka meM gaMga perUra ke nAma se vikhyAta huA / nandigiri para unhoMne eka sudRr3ha kile kA nirmANa krvaayaa| isa zilAlekha (saM 277) ke ullekhAnusAra gaMga rAjavaMza kI sthApanA karate samaya prAcArya siMhanandi ne isa gaMga rAjavaMza ke mUla puruSa daDiga aura mAdhava ko pIDhI prapIr3hiyoM taka jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ke pratipAlana karate rahane kI pratijJAkarAte hue nimnalikhita sAta bAtoM se unheM aura unake vaMzajoM ko sAvadhAna kiyA thA : 1. jo pratijJAeM tumane kI haiM, unakA jisa dina tuma pAlana karanA chor3a ... doge, 2. jaina dharma kI zikSAoM ko yadi apane jIvana meM nahIM DhAloge, 3. yadi tuma strI ko chInoge, usakA upabhoga karoge, 4. yadi tuma loga madya evaM mAMsa kA sevana karoge, 5. yadi tuma nIca logoM se sambandha sthApita karoge, 6. yadi tuma loga athavA tumhAre vaMzaja raNAMgaNa meM pITha dikhAkara raNAM garaNa se palAyana karoge, Page #319 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAmoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 261 7. yadi tuma loga yA tumhAre vaMzaja abhAvagrasta abhyarthiyoM kI AvazyakatApUrti ke liye artha pradAna nahIM karoge, to ina dazAoM meM se kisI bhI eka dazA meM tumhArA rAjavaMza naSTa ho jaaygaa| anyathA tumhArA rAjavaMza aura tumhArA rAjya donoM prakSaNNa rheNge| ina sAta zikSAoM ko gaMga vaMza ke rAjAoM ne gurumaMtra ke samAna gAMTha bAMdhakara apane antarmana se grahaNa kiyA / gaMga rAjavaMza ke prArambha se lekara anta taka ke rAjAoM ke jIvana vRttoM ke isa sandarbha meM sUkSma rIti se paryavekSaNa karane para spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki prAcArya mAghanandi kI ina sAta zikSAoM ko zirodhArya karane ke sAtha-sAtha unheM apane jIvana meM pUrI taraha se utArane ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI isa vaMza ke prAyaH sabhI rAjA dRDha pratijJa, antarmana se jaina dharmAvalambI, para strI vimukha pravRtti vAle, nirAmiSa bhojI, santa caraNa rata, udAra, dAnI evaM apratima yoddhA hue haiN| zilAlekhoM ke ullekha isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki jisa prakAra navavadhu vividha prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta rahatI hai usI prakAra samara bhUmi meM agrima paMkti meM jUjhate rahane ke kAraNa koMgariNavarmA, duvinIta, bhUvikrama, mArasiMha dvitIya, zivamAra (caudahavAM rAjA) prabhRti gaMgavaMzI rAjAoM ke aMgopAMgoM ke agrima bhAga zastroM ke ghAvoM se alaMkRta the| mArasiMha dvitIya ne to apane zaraNAgata kI rakSA ke liye pAMDyarAja varaMguNa se ghora saMgrAma kiyA aura yuddha meM vijayI hone ke pazcAt apane zaraNAgata ke prANoM kI rakSA ke liye apane prANoM taka ko arpita kara diyA / prAcArya siMhanandi kI zikSAoM ko zirodhArya kara gaMga rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM ne jisa prakAra zaurya kA utkaSTa pradarzana kiyA usI prakAra prAcArya siMhanandi kI AdhyAtmika zikSAyoM ke pAlana meM bhI ve sadA agraNI rhe| mahArAjA nItimArga (863 se 116) ne anta samaya meM saMlekhanA saMthArA karake paMDita maraNa kA varaNa kiyaa| mArasiMha tRtIya (661 se 674) ne vAMkApura meM ajita bhaTTAraka ke pAsa tIna dina kA saMthArA saMlekhanA kara arihanta siddha sAdhu kA smaraNa karate hue anazanapUrvaka paMDita maraNa kiyaa| gaMga rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM dvArA nirmita karavAye gaye mandiroM, vasatiyoM evaM dAnazAlAoM ke ullekhoM se purAtAtvika abhilekha bhare par3e haiN| ina saba tathyoM se yaha vidita hotA hai ki prAcArya siMhanandi ne gaMga vaMza kI sthApanA ke samaya gaMga rAjavaMza ko jo sAta zikSAeM dI thIM una zikSAoM kA viSNugopa ko chor3akara bAkI ke prAyaH sabhI rAjAoM ne pAlana kiyaa| yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki prAcArya siMhanandi ne isa rAjavaMza kI sthApanA ke samaya daDiga aura mAdhava ko jo sAta zikSAeM dIM unameM sAtavIM zikSA hai : Page #320 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 262 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 raNAMgaNa meM DaTe rahoge, palAyana nahIM karoge taba taka tumhArA rAjya akSuNNa rhegaa| raNAMgaNa meM pITha dikhAkara agara yuddha bhUmi se palAyana karoge to tumhArA rAjavaMza naSTa ho jaaygaa| yaha jo zikSA prAcArya siMhanandi ne dI isa prakAra kI zikSA itane spaSTa zabdoM meM dene kI paramparA purAtanakAla se hI jaina muniyoM meM nahIM rahI hai| devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla meM caityanAsI, yApanIya, evaM bhaTTAraka Adi aneka navInaparamparAbhoM ne deza kAla kI badalatI paristhitiyoM ke nAma para aneka naI mAnyatAeM pracalita kii| prAcIna abhilekhoM ke paryAvalocana se yaha sahaja hI siddha ho jAtA hai ki abhinava mAnyatAeM pracalita karane kI dizA meM janamata ko adhikAdhika jaina mata kI ora AkarSita karane ke uddezya se yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya apekSAkRta caityavAsiyoM se bhI prAge rhe| gommaTeza kI mUrti ke nirmANa, jvAlAmAlinI devI ke svatantra evaM pRthaka mandira ke nirmANa Adi kAryoM se tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta anya mUrtiyoM evaM mandiroM kI racanA kA zrIgaNeza yApanIya saMgha ne kiyaa| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki navIna mAnyatAoM ke rUpa meM uparilikhita sAtavI zikSA kA prAviSkAra bhI badalatI huI paristhitiyoM ke sandarbha meM yApanIyoM ne kiyA ho| . kisI rAjA dvArA digvijaya ke liye kiye gaye sainika abhiyAna meM koI paMca mahAvratadhArI jaina muni vijaya abhiyAna meM pravRtta rAjA ke sAtha-sAtha gayA ho, isa prakAra kA udAharaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke itihAsa meM khojane para bhI nahIM mila sakatA / kintu isa zilAlekha saMkhyA 277 meM eka tathya ke rUpa meM yaha ullekha vidyamAna hai ki rAjya prApta karane ke pazcAt daDiga aura mAdhava ne senA ke sAtha koMkaNa vijaya ke liye abhiyAna kiyA / mArga meM unhoMne eka gaMDali (pahAr3I) dekhii| vahAM kamala daloM se pAcchAdita evaM machaliyoM se saMkula sarovara ke pAsa unhoMne paDAva DAlA / pahAr3I ke prAkRtika saundarya ko dekhakara prAcArya siMhanandi ne rAjA se vahAM eka caityAlaya kA nirmANa karAne kI preraNA kii| daDiga aura mAdhava ne prAcArya kI bhAjA ko zirodhArya kara vahAM caitya kA nirmANa krvaayaa| isase bhI adhika mAzcaryakArI zilAlekha saundattI se upalabdha hamA hai| IsvI san 1228 ke isa zilAlekha meM raTTa rAjavaMza ke guru prAcArya municandra ko isa rAjavaMza ke dharmaguru ke sAtha-sAtha rAjanaitika parAmarzadAtA, rAjya ke prazAsakIya kAryoM meM sakriya sahayogI aura digvijaya hetu rAjA lakSmIdeva dvitIya (mukhyamahAmaNDalezvara veNugrAma vartamAna meM belagAMva) dvArA kiye gaye sainika abhiyAnoM (prAkramaNoM) meM pramukha parAmarzadAtA, pramukha sahayogI batAyA gayA hai| isa abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki prAcArya municandra ne veNugrAma ke raTTa rAjya kA sImAnoM kI abhivRddhi ke sAtha abhivardhana kara use surar3ha kiyaa| prAcArya municandra dharmazAstroM Page #321 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ drazya paramparAmoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 263 meM pAraMgata aura sainika abhiyAnoM dvArA rAjA lakSmIdeva ko vijaya zrI kA varaNa karAne ke vijJAna meM niSNAta the| parama zraddhAda sarvAdhika suyogya mantrI aura raTTa rAjya ke saMsthApaka saMrakSaka prAcArya municandra ne prazAsana kauzala aura udAratA Adi guNoM meM sabhI mantriyoM ko pIche chor3a diyaa| ve saba meM sarvAgraNI mUrdhanya rahe / ' raTTa rAjya ke adhipati rAjA lakSmIdeva dvitIya aura usake pitA kArtavIrya caturtha ina mahAn prAcArya ke rAjanaitika kauzala aura Thosa satparAmarzoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa unake prati mahARNI the| ye prAcArya municandra bhI yApanIya saMgha ke hI prAcArya pratIta hote haiM kyoMki isa zilAlekha meM prabhAcandra siddhAnta deva evaM unake (prabhAcandra ke) ziSya indra kItti aura zrIdhara deva ke sambandha meM thor3A sA vivaraNa ullikhita hai| ye sabhI prAcArya nirvivAda rUpeNa yApanIya saMgha ke the| sAmAnyata: pAThakoM aura vizeSataH zodhArthiyoM ke lAbhArtha etad sambandhI katipaya jJAtavya tathyoM kA yahAM prasaMgavazAt ullekha kiyA gayA hai| upari variNata zilAlekhoM meM, mukhyataH zilAlekha saMkhyA 277 bI laisa rAisa aura bI lUisa rAisa dvArA aneka zilAlekhoM ke prAdhAra para taiyAra kI gaI isa rAjavaMza kI kramabaddha (saMkSipta vivaraNa sahita) sUcI meM gaMga rAjavaMza ke prathama se lekara antima taka rAjAmoM kA jo anukrama diyA gayA hai vaha saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : (1) daDig aura mAdhava koMgaNivarmA mahAdhirAja / koMkaraNa ke abhiyAna aura rAjya kI abhivRddhi ke pazcAt daDig aura mAdhava kuvalAla (kolAla kolhAra) meM zAntipUrvaka rAjya karane lge| kAlAntara meM daDig ko putra kI prApti huI aura usakA nAma mAdhava dvitIya rakhA gayA, jo Age calakara kiriyA mAdhava ke nAma se vikhyAta humaa| daDig aura mAdhava koMgariNavarmA ne apanI vijayapatAkA para apane guru aura rAjya kI sthApanA karane meM sahAyabhUta prAcArya siMhanandi ke dharmopakaraNa mayUrapicchI kA cinha aMkita kiyA / unhoMne bANamaNDala para adhikAra karake vahAM para apanI mayUra picchAMkita patAkA phhraaii| ina donoM bhAiyoM kI sampUrNa dehayaSTiyAM yuddhoM meM lage zastrAstroM ke prahAroM ke ghAvoM se alaMkRta ho gaI thiiN| ' jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA eNa sama jaina epigrAphsa pRSTha 115 2 jarnala mApha dI bombe bAMca prApha dI royala esiyATika sosAyaTI, bambaI, volyUma x, pI. pI. 260 3 gaMga rAjavaMza ke pratyeka rAjA ke nAma ke prAge yaha upAdhi lagI huI hai| jaba taka viziSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA jAya taba taka pratyeka rAjA ko usake pUrva ke rAjA kA putra samajhA jaay| Page #322 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 264 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 . (2) mAdhava dvitIya-kiriyA mAdhava : yaha rAjA ucca koTi kA vidvAn evaM vidvAnoM tathA kaviyoM ke guNAvaguNoM kI parakha meM kasauTI ke samAna bar3A hI pArakhI thA, nipuNa thA / isane 'dattaka sUtra' para vRtti kI racanA kii|' isake rAja-siMhAsanAsIna hone ke pUrva hI gaMga rAjya kaMTakavihIna aura eka sudRr3ha rAjya bana cukA thaa| ata: isa rAjA kA zAsanakAla zAnti evaM sarvatomukhI samRddhi kA kAla mAnA gayA hai / (3) hari varmA (IsvI sana 247-266) isa rAjA kI hasti senA bar3I hI zaktizAlinI thii| isane apanI hasti senA ke bala para aneka yuddhoM meM vijaya prApta kii| yaha apane samaya kA apratima dhanurdhara thaa| apane dhanuSa kI pratyaMcA ke pratApa se arjita vipula sampadA se isane apane rAjyakoSa ke bala meM ullekhanIya abhatapUrva abhivaddhi kI / ye sabhI rAjA jaina dharma ke pragAr3ha niSThAvAn anuyAyI rhe| inake rAjya meM prajA sabhI bhAMti sampanna aura sUkhI thii| (4) viSNa gop| isa rAjA ne jaina dharma kA tyAga kara vaiSNava dharma svIkAra kiyA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa paramparA se isa vaMza ke adhikAra meM cale pA rahe pAMcoM divya AbhUSaNa vilupta ho gaye / 2 (5) pRthviigNg| isa rAjA ne puna: jaina dharma svIkAra kiyA aura kevala eka pIr3hI ke vyavadhAna se yaha rAjavaMza punaH jaina dharmAvalambI bana gyaa| (6) mAdhava tRtIya / tar3agAla mAghava (IsvI san 357 se 370) / isa rAjA kA vivAha kadambavaMzI rAjA kRSNa varmA kI bahina se huaa| isane apane dAdA ke samaya se banda hue jana kalyANakArI evaM dhArmika anudAnoM ko rAjyakoSa se puna: prArambha kiyaa| isase lekha saMkhyA 277 meM ullikhita rAjA viSNugopa ke ajaina bana jAne ke ullekha kI puSTi hotI hai| sambhavataH viSNagopa ne jaina dharma ke parityAga aura anya dharma ke aMgIkAra ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dhArmika saMsthAnoM ko rAjya kI ora se dI jAne vAlI sahAyatA suvidhAoM Adi ko banda kara diyA hogA, jinheM ki rAjA taDaMgAla mAdhava ne punaH prArambha kiyaa| yaha rAjA niSThA sampanna jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| isa rAjA ko-kaliyuga ke kIcar3a meM phaMse hue dharma rUpI vRSabha kA uddhAra karane meM sadA tatpara rahane vAlA batAyA gayA hai / . jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha saMkhyA 64 pRSTha 60-62 2 jaina zilAlekha maMgraha bhAga 2 lekha maMkhyA 277, pRSTha saMkhyA 814, 428 . jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha saMkhyA 64 Page #323 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza / [ 265 ___7. avinIta gaMga / (IsvI san 425 se 478) yaha rAjA parama AsthAvAna jinabhakta thaa| dakSiNa meM dharma aura cAturvarNya kI rakSA kI dizA meM isakI vaivasvata manu se tulanA kI gaI hai| yaha kadamba vaMzI rAjA kAkutstha varmA kA dauhitra aura kadambavaMzI rAjA kRSNavarmA kA bhAgineya thaa|' isakA vivAha punnADa ke rAjA skandhavarmA kI putrI se huaa| inakI antarAtmA vidyA aura vinaya se prota-prota thii| yaha rAjA ajeya yoddhA aura vidvAnoM meM agragaNya mAnA jAtA thaa| dezIya garaNa ke bhaTTAraka candranandi ne zaka samvat 388 tadanusAra IsvI san 466 meM talavana nagara ke zrI vijaya jinAlaya ke liye vadaNa guppe nAmaka eka sundara grAma akAla varSa pRthvI vallabha ke mantrI ke mAdhyama se mahArAja avinIta se dAna meM prApta kiyaa| apane sambandha meM zatajIvI hone kI bAta sunakara rAjAdhirAja avinIta isa bAta kI parIkSA hetu bAr3ha ke kAraNa udvelita evaM mahAvegA kAverI nadI ke pravAha meM kUda gayA aura use tairakara pAra kara gayA / 8. vinIta-koMgaNivaddha (IsvI sana 478 se 513) isa rAjA ne zabdAnuzAsana ke racanAkAra pUjyapAda se vidyAdhyayana kiyaa| AndrI, alAnUra, paurulare, pennagara Adi kSetroM para adhikAra karane ke liye aneka bhISaNa saMgrAma kiye tathA penAD aura punnAD para zAsana kiyA / duvinIta ne yuddhabhUmi meM kAncI ke mahArAjA koDaveTi ko bandI banAkara apane bhAnaje ko jayasiMha kI paramparAgata rAjadhAnI kAncI ke rAja siMhAsana para AsIna kiyaa| duvinIta ne kirAtArjunIya mahAkAvya ke 15 sargoM para TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA / dakSiNa meM dharma evaM varNa vyavasthA kI rakSA ke lie ise bhI vaivasvata manu kI upamA dI gaI hai| 6. muSkara-mokkara-kauMgaNi vRddha (IsvI san 513 se) yaha rAjA prANI mAtra ke prati maitrIbhAva rakhane vAlA saccA jina bhakta thA / samasta prANI varga ke prati isakI pragADha vAtsalyavRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa hiMsra vanya jantuoM ke samUha isake caraNoM ke pAsa upasthita ho isake prati apanI zraddhA aura sneha prakaTa karate the / usakA vivAha siMdhurAja kI rAjakumArI ke sAtha huaa| 10. zrI vikrama-kAMgaNivRddha / yaha rAjA paramArhata arthAt jinezvara bhagavAn kA niSThAvAn parama bhakta hone ke sAtha-sAtha apane samaya kA eka mAnA hayA rAjanItijJa evaM raNanIti vizArada thaa| isake rAjya kI sImAe tAvI nadI jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekha saMkhyA 65 pRSTha 63-66 2 vahI ___3 vahI lekha saMkhyA 277 pRSTha 414-424 Page #324 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 266 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 ke taTa taka phailI huI thii| yahAM yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki isa vaMza ke navameM rAjA muzkara kA zAsanakAla IsvI san 513 se prArambha honA batAyA gayA hai / usakA rAjya kaba taka rahA aura usakA putra zrI vikrama kaba siMhAsanAsIna huA aura kaba taka vaha siMhAsanArUr3ha rahA isakA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / isake putra bhUvikrama kA zAsanakAla IsvI san 670 taka mAnA gayA hai| isase kevala yahI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki IsvI san 513 se IsvI san 670 kI bIca kI 157 varSa kI avadhi meM gaMga vaMza ke kramazaH navameM, dasaveM aura gyArahaveM rAjAoM kA zAsana rahA / 11. bhUvikrama - zrI vallabha-bhUri vikrama ( IsvI san se 670 taka ) / yaha apane samaya kA zra eSTha yoddhA thA / isane kAMcI pati pallava rAja ko yuddha bhUmi meM parAjita evaM bandI banAkara usake sampUrNa rAjya para adhikAra kara liyA thA / hasti senA ke yuddhoM meM lage gajadantoM ke gahare ghAvoM se isa rAjA kA vizAla vakSasthala citrita ho gayA thA / 12. zivamAra ( - prathama navakAma - ziSTapriya - pRthvIkauMga riNa - cAgI - navaloka - kambayya / IsvI san 670-713 ) isake sambandha meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI zradyAvadhi upalabdha nahIM huI hai / 13. eraga-gaMga / yaha zivamAra prathama kA bhAI thA / 14. ere yaMga / yaha rAjA eraga kA putra thaa| ina donoM pitA putra ke zAsana Sarah sambandha meM koI ullekha abhI taka kahIM upalabdha nahIM huA hai / 15. mArasiMha prathama : yaha rAjA bar3A hI zaraNAgata pratipAla thA / isane DiMDikoja, eriMga aura nAga daMDa nAmaka tIna rAjanaitika zaraNArthiyoM, jinameM se eka amoghavarSa ke rAjya se bhAga kara AyA thA, ko apane yahAM zaraNa dI / zaraNAgatoM kI rakSA ke lie use ghora yuddha karane par3e / isa prakAra ke vaimbala guli ke eka yuddha meM use gaharA ghAva lgaa| ghAva ke andara kI apanI eka haDDI ko usane kATakara gaMgA meM pravAhita kiyA / zaraNAgata kI rakSA ke liye usane pAMDyarAja varaguraNa ke sAtha yuddha karake use parAjita kiyaa| isa vijaya ke pazcAt apane zaraNAgata kI rakSA karate hue mArasiMha prathama ne apane prANoM kA balidAna taka kara diyA / 16. zrIpuruSa - pRthvIkoMgaraNI - kesarI - -muttarasa ( IsvI san 727 se 804 ) / isane mAnyapura meM nivAsa karate hue zAsana kiyaa| isakI mahArANI kA nAma zrIjA thA / isa rAjA ne bAraNa rAjavaMza ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kara isa rAjavaMza kI sahAyatA kI / jisa vANa rAjA kI usane sahAyatA kI vaha colarAja varguNa kA samakAlIna rAjA thA / isake zAsanakAla meM isake putra zivamAra, duggamAra, ereyappA prathavA Page #325 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAgoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 267 mereyappA aura lokAditya vibhinna kSetroM ke prazAsaka (rAjyapAla) the| isane gaja zAstra kI racanA kii| 17. zivamAra dvitIya-kauMgariNa mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara-saMgoTa (IsvI san 804-814) / gaMga rAjavaMza isa vaMza kI sthApanA ke kAla se sadA hI aparAjeya rahA kintu navameM rASTrakUTa vaMzI rAjA nirupama athavA dhArAvarSa ne rAjA zivamAra ko IsvI san 805 ke Asa-pAsa eka yuddha meM parAjita karake bandI banA liyaa| nirupama ke putra prabhUtavarSagovinda ne use mukta kara diyaa| kintu usakI rASTrakUTa rAjya virodhI gatividhiyoM se kraddha ho IsvI san 807 ke Asa-pAsa use punaH bandI banA liyaa| usa samaya se IsvI san 813 taka rASTrakUToM kA cAkIrAja nAmaka rAjyapAla gaMga maMDala kI prazAsanika dekha-rekha karatA rhaa| zivamAra kisI na kisI prakAra se rASTrakUToM ke zikaMje se baca nikalane meM saphala huA / aura sainya saMgraha kara usane govinda ke senApatitva meM guDa guMTUra ke raNakSetra meM ekatrita huI rASTrakUToM, cAlukyoM aura haihayoM kI sammilita senAoM ko yuddha meM parAjita kara diyaa| isa prakAra IsvI san 814 meM gaMga maMDala se rASTrakUToM ke svalpakAlIna zAsana ko zivamAra dvitIya ne ukhAr3a pheMkA / ___ zivamAra ke punaH rAja siMhAsanArohaNa ke Ayojana meM rASTrakUTavaMzI rAjA govinda evaM pallavarAja nandIvarmA sammilita hae aura una donoM ne apane hAthoM se zivamAra ke bhAla para rAjatilaka kiyaa| pUrvI cAlukyoM ke sAtha zivamAra ne bAraha varSa taka yuddha kiyA / yuddhoM meM usake zarIra para zastroM ke 108 ghAva lge| dharma dhaureyatA ke sAtha-sAtha yuddhaM zauMDIratA kA sadbhAva vastuta: gaMga rAjavaMza kI vizeSatA rahI hai| isa viziSTa guNa ke kAraNa gaMga rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM ne "ye kamme mUrA te dhamme sUrA" isa zAzvata sUkti ko caritArtha kara btaayaa| isane "gaja zataka' kI racanA kii| isa rAjA ne "mAlava saptakI" vijaya kara pASANa para 'gaMga mAlava' uTTakita krvaayaa| isane eka yuddha meM karaNa gagamujje ke rAjA ke choTe bhAI jayakesi ko yuddha meM maaraa| (18) vijayAditya--raNa vikrama (IsvI san 815 se) yaha zivamAra dvitIya kA bhrAtA thaa| (16) mArasiMha dvitIya-IreyappA-lokatrinetra / (20) rAchamalla (rAjamalla) prathama-satyavAkya-koMgariNavarma-dharma mahArAjAdhirAja paramAnaMdI (IsvI san 866 se 863) isakA kovalAla aura nandagiri para Adhipatya thA / gaMga rAjya ke jina kSetroM para rASTrakUToM ne bahuta samaya se apanA adhikAra kara rakhA thA unheM rAjamalla prathama ne rASTrakUToM se chInakara punaH gaMga rAjya Page #326 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 268 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kI sImAoM meM sammilita kiyaa| isa rAjA ne zaka samvat 806 IsvI san 870 meM penve kaDaMga ke satyavAkya jina caityAlaya ke lie viliyara ke bAraha gAMva dAna meM diye / ' IsvI san 870 meM bhUtarasa nAmaka isakA eka putra yuvarAja pada para AsIna thaa| (21) nIti mArga-satyavAkya-rAchamalla-raNavikramaiyA-nanniyagaMga / (IsvI san 863 se 116) pallava nolambAdhirAja isa rAjA kA adhInastha prazAsaka thaa| (22) IreyappA-rAjamalla-rAcamalla / (IsvI san 616 se IsvI san 621) (23) satyavAkya-rAcamalla-nanniya gaMga-jayada uttaraMga-gaMga gAMgeya (bhISma) (IsvI san 621 se 663) isane apanI putrI kA vivAha rASTrakUTavaMzI rAjA kRSNarAja aparanAma kannadeva ke sAtha kiyA aura usakI sahAyatA se isane apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| hisTorikala risarca sosAyaTI ko mile dhanavAda zilAlekha ke anusAra melapADI meM senA ke paDAva ke sAtha Thahare hue mArasiMha dvitIya ne sUrastha gaNa ke AcArya ravinandi ke ziSya elAcArya ko apanI mAtA kalavbe dvArA melapADi ke samIpastha uttarI bhArakATa jile ke hemagrAma meM nirmApita jinamandira kI mUttiyoM aura devoM tathA muniyoM ke citroM kI pUjA ke lie tathA muniyoM ko cAra prakAra kA dAna dene ke liye koMgalideza ke kADalUra grAma kA dAna diyaa| yaha elAcArya jvAlAmAlinI kalpa ke apane samaya ke vikhyAta vizeSajJa the / (24) mArasiMha-gaMgakandarpa-satyavAkya-nolamba kulAntaka deva / (IsvI san 663 se 674) yaha bar3A zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| lekha saMkhyA 146 aura 152 ke anusAra unhoMne gaMga kandarpa jinAlaya ke nirmANa ke sAtha-sAtha jainadharma ke sarvatomakhI abhyutthAna ke aneka kArya kiye| isa rAjA ne apane bahanoI rASTrakaTavaMzI rAjA kRSNarAja colAntaka kI prArthanA para gurjara rAjya para AkramaNa kiyA / rASTrakUTavaMza ke rAjAoM ke mahA sAmanta ke rUpa meM isane aneka deza jItakara rASTrakUToM ke rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| yaha cAlukya rAjakumAra rAjAditya ke liye karAla kAla ke samAna bhayAnaka thA / apane samaya kA jaina dharma kA mahAn prabhAvaka senApati cAmuDarAya isa rAjA kA aura isake pazcAt isake putra kA bhI senApati evaM mahAmantrI thaa| mArasiMha ne epigrAphikA karNATikA bhAga 10 aura malavAgala lekha saMkhyA 84 ke anusAra baMkApura meM ajitasena bhaTTAraka ke samIpa saMlekhanApUrvaka zaka samvat 866 (IsvI san 674) meM paMDita maraNa kA varaNa kiyA / ' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekha saMkhyA 131 pRSTha 154-155 Page #327 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAgoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] (25) rAcamalla-rAjamalla caturtha-satyavAkya (IsvI san 674 se 684) isakA laghu bhrAtA rakkasa-annana-baMTha isake adhIna rAjyapAla thA / isake zAsanakAla ke lekha saMkhyA 154 ke anusAra isane zravaNa belagola ke anantavIrya ko pegIdUra nAmaka grAma aura katipaya anya dAna diye| isake mantrI evaM senApati cAmaDarAya ne AmUlacUla eka hI Thosa pASANapuja parvatarAja ke uccatama aMga ko kATa chAMTa karavAkara uccakoTi kI kalApUrNa kRti kI pratIka svarUpA gommaTezvara kI vizva ke lie AzcaryabhUta 56 / / phITa UMcI vizAla mUtti kA zravaNabelagola meM nirmANa karavAyA / isa anupamakalA kI pratIka gommaTezvara kI gaganacuMbI mUrti para na kevala zravaNabelagola athavA karNATaka ko hI apitu sampUrNa bhAratavarSa ko garva hai| gommaTezvara kI matti kA nirmANa karavAkara cAmu DarAya ne svayaM ke sAtha-sAtha gaMga rAjavaMza kA nAma bhI amara kara diyaa| ___ ina gaMga rAja rAcamalla ko zravaNabelagola ke lekha saMkhyA 277 meM jina dharma samudra ke liye pUrNa candra talya batAyA hai / gommaTezvara kI isa vizAla matti kI pratiSThA cAmaDarAya ne zravaNabelagola meM jisa samaya kI usakA ullekha bAhubali caritra meM nimnalikhita rUpa se kiyA gayA hai : kalkyabde SaTazatAkhye vinUta vibhava saMvatsare mAsi caitra, pacamyA zuklapakSe dinamariNa divase kumbhalagne suyoge / sAbhAgye mastanAmni prakaTita bhagaraNa suprazastAM cakAra, zrImaccAmuDarAjo velgulanagare gomaTezapratiSThAm / / arthAt velagola nagara meM cAmu DarAya ne kalkI samvat 600 ke vibhava nAmaka saMvatsara meM caitra zuklA paMcamI ravivAra ke dina kumbha lagna, saubhAgya yoga aura mRgazirA nakSatra meM gommaTezvara kI pratiSThA kI / bAhubali carita meM ullikhita upayuddha ta saMvat evaM tithi ke anusAra pramukha aitihAsajJA ne siddha kiyA hai ki IsavI san 1028 meM 23 mArca ke dina cAmuDarAya ne gommaTezvara kI gaganacumbI pratimA kI pratiSThA kii| (26) gaga rakkasa --- rAcamalla (IsavI san 184 me BEE) isake choTe bhAI arumali deva ke caTTala aura kaMcana devI nAma kI do rAjakUmAriyAM thiiN| ina do putriyoM ke pazcAt eka putra huaaa| usake janma para rakkasa gaMga ne yaha kahate (ka) maisUra prAciyolojikala riporTa IsvI san 1923, DA. zyAma zAstrI kA zodha pravandha / (kha) mvAmI kanna pillaI kA iMDiyana ephemerisa / (ga) jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1 kI bhUmikA pRSTha 31 / Page #328 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 270 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 hae-"antatogatvA isa vizAla rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI utpanna ho hI gayA hai|"kii dinoM taka Anandotsava manAyA / usa putra kA nAma nItimArga * rakkhA aura apane rAjaprAsAda meM bar3e ThATha-bATa aura dulAra se usakA lAlana-pAlana kiyA / rakkasa gaMga ne caTTala kA vivAha ToMDenAr3a 48 hajAra ke mahArAjA kAMcipati pallavarAja kADuveTi ke sAtha aura kaMcanadevI kA vivAha zAntara rAjavaMza ke rAjA vIradeva ke sAtha kiyA / hemasanti ke ziSya AcArya zrI vijaya isake guru the| (27) jayad aMkakAra-kauMgaNi veDeMga-kAverI ballabha (IsvI san 66E se anumAnataH 1022) / (28) gaMga rasa-satya vAkya (IsvI san 1022 se 1064) yaha rAjA parama zraddhAniSTha jinopAsaka thaa| isakI bAcaladevI nAmaka eka rAnI ne apane bar3e bhAI bAhubali se parAmarza kara gaMgavADI ke antargata maMDalinADu ke tilaka svarUpa banikere nagara meM eka bhavya jinAlaya kA nirmANa krvaayaa| cAlukya vikrama ke rAjya ke 37 veM varSa meM (IsvI san 1112) meM rAjA ne kumAroM evaM mantriyoM kI upasthiti meM badaMgege aura banigere nagaroM kI kucha bhUmi, kolahanoM aura cugI kA pArzva prabhu kI pUjA arcanA evaM mandira kI vyavasthA ke liye dAna diyaa|' isakI gaMga rAjakumArI mayalala devI cAlukyarAja somezvara (IsvI san 1042 se 1068) ko paTarAnI thii.| rAjendra cola ne IsvI san 1064 meM gaMgarasa para prAkra maNa kara use parAsta kiyA aura isa prakAra lagabhaga 600 varSoM taka nyAya nItipUrvaka zAsana karane ke pazcAt gaMga rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI talakAD ke patana ke sAtha hI gaMga rAjavaMza kA zaktizAlI evaM jaina dharmAnuyAyI rAjya samApta ho gyaa| apane rAja para rAjendra cola kA adhikAra ho jAne para gaMgarasa hoyasala rAjya kA adhInastha sAmanta bana gayA / isake do putroM ko cAlukyarAja somezvara kI mahArAnI mayalala devI ne apane pAsa rkkhaa| kAlAntara me una donoM ne gaMga rAjAoM kI sabhI upAdhiyoM ko dhAraNa kiyaa| yadyapi gajendra cola ke sAtha yuddha meM mahArAjA gaMgarasa ke parAjita hone aura talakADa ke gaMga rAjya para coloM kA adhikAra ho jAne ke kAraNa gaMga rAjavaMza kA vizAla aura zaktizAlI rAjya samApta ho gyaa| kintu gaMga vaMziyoM ne isake uparAnta bhI IsA kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka apane Apako sAmantoM, senApatiyoM aura zAsakoM kI sthiti meM banAye rkkhaa| gaMgavaMzI rAjAoM, zAsakoM, sAmantoM, senApatiyoM aura rAjarAniyoM kI jaina dharma ke prati pragADha zraddhA rhii| purale aura kullUraguDDA ke zilAlekhoM se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki gaMga rAjavaMza kI eka zAkhA ne kaliMga meM apanI rAjasattA sthApita kii| I0san 1077 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekha saMkhyA 253 Page #329 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 271 se 1534 taka gaMga rAjavaMza kI isa zAkhA ke rAjA kaliga ke prabhusattA sampanna rAjA rhe| IsvI san 1166 meM kaliMga kI zAkhA ke eka mAtra "cola gaMga" rAjavaMza ke nAma se laMkA meM gaMgoM kA rAjya thA / isa prakAra ke abhilekha mile haiN| kaliMgAdhipati gaMgarAja ne IsvI san 1550 ke AsapAsa ziva samudram kI vidhA sthApita kii| gaMga rAja ke pazcAt nandirAja kaliMga kA rAjA banA / inake pazcAt gaMgarAja dvitIya kaliMga ke siMhAsana para baiThA / isa gaMgarAja dvitIya ke pazcAt gaMgarAjavaMza kA nAma taka zilAlekha Adi meM kahIM nahIM milatA aura isa prakAra itihAsa se isa rAjavaMza kA nAma tirohita ho jAtA hai| gaMga sajavaMza kI rAjadhAnI talakAD ke patana ke pazcAt bhI jidduligenAD (vanavAsInAr3a ke antargata) meM gaMga rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM kA prathamataH cAlukyoM ke adhInastha rAjAoM ke rUpa meM aura tadanantara hoyasala rAjavaMza ke adhInastha rAjAoM ke rUpa meM rAjya thA evaM uddhare meM unakI rAjadhAnI thii| yaha tathya isa rAjavaMza ke IsvI san 1126 se lekara 1168 taka ke zilAlekhoM se prakAza meM prAtA hai / nagara ke lekha saMkhyA 140 meM gaMgavaMza ke udghare zAkhA ke rAjAoM ke jina nAmoM kA ullekha hai, ve kramaza. isa prakAra haiM : 1. gaMgarAjA biTTiga / usakA putra2. mArasiha deva / 3. kottideva / ___4. mArasiMha deva dvitIya / isane kAMci ko lUTA aura vahAM se vipula sampadA apanI rAjadhAnI uddhare meM le gyaa| isakI choTI bahina summiyavva rasi bar3I hI miSThA thii| isane eka bhavya vasadi kA nirmANa karavA kara usake lie bhUmidAna diyaa| isakI bar3I bahina kanakiyavva rasi ne sthAna-sthAna para jinamandira banavAye aura unakI vyavasthA ke liye bhUmidAna diye / jahAM jina muniyoM ke prAya kA koI sAdhana nahIM thA vahAM usane bhUmidAna diyaa| __5. ekkala deva / isakI bahina caTTiyanva rasi ko vudrI ke IsvI san 1136 ke zilAlekha saMkhyA 313 meM- isake dvArA diye gaye aneka bhUmidAna dravyadAna AhAra dAna Adi ke kAraNa kAmadhenu aura cintAmaNi kI upamA dI gaI hai| 6. eraga / eraga kA choTA bhAI-- 7. narasiMha athavA nanniya gaMga / 8. ekkala / isane vibhinna prAntoM ke vidvAnoM tathA kaviyoM ko udAratApUrvaka bar3e-bar3e prItidAna diye| Page #330 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 272 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 gaMgavaMza kI mUla zAkhA ke antima mahArAjAdhirAja se pazcAdvartI isake vaMzajoM kA anukrama nimnalikhita rUpa meM milatA hai : udayAditya (gaMgarasa kA putra) gaMga pemmIvaDi bhuvnaikviir| yaha kramaza: bhuvanaikamalla aura vikramAditya tribhUvanamalla ina do cAlukya rAjAoM kA eka mahAyazasvI senApati aura mahA maMgalezvara thA / ye donoM cAlukya rAja udayAditya kI bhUyA ke lar3ake the| isakA mahAmaNDalezvara kAla IsvI san 1070 se 1102 taka mAnA jAtA hai| yaha gaMgavaMzI nahIM apitu brahma kSatriya the| inakA paricaya jaina senApatiyoM ke zIrSaka ke nIce anyatra diyA jaaygaa| kadamba rAjavaMza mayara varmana athavA mayara zarmana ko kadamba rAjavaMza kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAne ke kAraNa sAmAnya rUpa se prAya: sabhI itihAsavidoM ne isa rAjavaMza kA udbhava kAla I0 san 340 mAnya kiyA hai, kintu isa rAjavaMza ke udbhava kAla ke sambandha meM yazasvI itihAsajJa ema. esa. rAmAsvAmI ayyaMgara aura bI. zeSagiri rAva ne aneka aise tathya prastuta kiye haiM, jinase isa rAjavaMza kA samaya IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI athavA usase bhI pUrva kA pratIta hotA hai| ina donoM vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki kadamba rAjavaMza eka prAcIna jaina rAjavaMza rahA hai| ina donoM vidvAnoM ne apane zodhapUrNa itihAsa grantha "sTaDIja ina sAutha iMDiyA jainijma' ke dvitIya adhyAya meM kadamba rAjavaMza ke prAcIna rAjavaMza hone ke sambandha meM jo vicAraNIya tathya prastuta kiye haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM :-- 1. zrI Telara dvArA racita prAcIna hastalikhita granthoM athavA patroM ko sUcI (volyama III pRSTha 60) meM eka kannar3a racanA kA ullekha hai, jisameM kadamba vaMza ke una rAjAoM kI nAmAvali dI huI hai jo ki magadha meM rAjya karate the| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM jaba kadamba rAjavaMza ne magadha se dakSiNa meM Ane kA nizcaya kiyA to kozala aura liga pradeza meM mAnA unake liye anivArya ho gayA kyoMki magadha se dakSiNa kI aora sAmUhika kUca kA yahI eka mAtra sabhI dRSTiyoM se nirApada aura sukhada mArga siddha ho sakatA thaa| __ zrI Telara ke isI tIsare volyUma ke pI pI 704-5 para eka marAThI kRti kA ullekha hai, jisameM uttarakAlIna kadamba vaMzI rAjA mayUra varmA ke uttara se dakSiNa meM Ane kA vivaraNa diyA hayA hai| isa prakAra uttarI bhArata se kadamba-gajavaMza ke dakSiNa bhArata meM pAne kA avismaraNIya prAkhyAna eka thAtI ke rUpa meM hamAre prAcIna sAhitya meM surakSita hai| Page #331 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAmoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 273 2. kadamba vaMziyoM kA dala-bala magadha se dakSiNa kI ora bar3hatA hA jaba kaliMga meM AyA to vahAM usane kadamba rAjya kI sthApanA kii| kadamba vaMzI rAjA jaina dharmAvalambI the ataH yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki kaliMga meM jahAM ve base, jahAM unhoMne rAjya kiyA una sthAnoM meM jaina dharma ke sAtha-sAtha apane vaMza kI smRti ko cirasthAyI banAne ke prayAsa krte| unhoMne eka parvata kA kadambagiri nAma rkhaa| zadhuMjaya mAhAtmya meM jainoM ke jina pavitra parvatoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM, unameM kadambagiri kA bhI ullekha hai| kevala yahI nahIM, apitu kaliMga meM apane svatantra rAjya kI sthApanA kara kadamboM ne aneka nagaroM, grAmoM, basatiyoM Adi kA nirmANa kara vahAM nivAsa kiyaa| una vasatiyoM Adi ke nAma Aja bhI isa bAta kI sAkSI dete haiM ki ve sthAna, ve grAma, ve vasatiyAM, ve dharma sthAna kadamboM dvArA sthApita kiye gaye the| gaMjama jile kI pAralA kI meDI tAlukA meM kadamba siMgI' nAmaka pahAr3I hai jo kadamboM ke zAsana kAla se hI jainoM kI pavitra pahAr3I ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai| yahIM pAsa meM mani siMgI (muni zRgI) nAmaka sthAna hai, jahAM jaina muniyoM kI vasadI thI jisake Asa-pAsa jaina muni tapazcaraNa karate the| isI ke samIpa kAlA nagara meM kadamboM ne apane rAjya ko sudRr3ha karane ke pazcAt vahAM ke vanoM ko sApha kara maidAna meM vaijayantIpura nAmaka nagara basAyA aura use apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| jaipura (bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tRtIya paTTadhara prabhava svAmI kI janmabhUmi) kSatra meM kadamboM ne apane rAjA jayavarmA ke nAma para jayapurA evaM jayanagaram basAkara eka pahAr3a kA nAma jayantigiri rkhaa| jaipura kSetra meM kadamba gur3A nAma ke na kevala eka athavA do apitu ATha grAma haiM / vissama kaTaka (vizvambhara deva kaTaka) kSetra meM eka gAMva kA nAma kadamba gur3A aura dUsare kA kakadamba hai / gur3A zabda kI utpatti draviDiyana bhASA ke kUDam zabda se huI hai jisakA artha hai sampAta athavA sAmUhika rUpa se ekatrita ho sAtha-sAtha meM base hue, isaliye ina grAmoM kA nAma kadamba gur3A rakkhA gyaa| yaha eka mahatvapUrNa vicAraNIya tathya hai ki jisa prakAra pUrvakAlIna kadamboM ne magadha se dakSiNa kI ora prayANa karate samaya kaliMga meM apanI rAjya sattA sthApita karane ke pazcAt vahAM ke maidAnI pradeza ke vanoM ko sApha kara vahAM vaijayantIpura basA kara use apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA usI prakAra uttaravartI kadamboM ne bhI karNATaka meM kAJcIpati pallava rAja ke kuntala rAjya ke sImAnta vanya pradeza ko sApha kara vahAM ' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 lekha saMkhyA 277 pRSTha 422 para ati prAcIna samaya meM kaliMga rAja bhagadatta kA gaMgarAja ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura ise gaMga vaMza kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai| Page #332 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 274 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vaijayantI pura nAmaka nagara basA kara banavAsI bAraha hajArI rAjya kI sthApanA kii| kaliMga kA jayantipura jayanta giri jayapurA evaM jayanagara aura karNATaka ke banavAsI bAraha hajArI rAjya kI kadamboM dvArA basAI gaI rAjadhAnI palAsikA athavA vaijayantI eka itihAsa siddha tathya hai| uttarakAlIna kadamboM kI rAjadhAnI jisa prakAra karnATaka meM palAsikA meM thI usI prakAra pUrvakAlIna kadamboM kI kaliMga meM rAjadhAnI gaMjama jile meM palAsA thii| isa prakAra palAsA palAsikA jayantIpura athavA vaijayantI' vastutaH pUrvavartI kadambagiri jayantagiri jayanagaram Adi nAma kadamboM ke sAtha ina uttaravartI kadamboM ke ghaniSTha sambandha ko jor3ane vAlI sudRr3ha kar3iyAM haiM / kaliMga meM kadamba gur3A nAma ke kama se kama 17 gAMvoM aura kadamba siMgI kadamba giri kI vidyamAnatA isa bAta kA prabala pramANa hai ki IsA kI pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdI meM kadamba rAjavaMza kA kaliMga meM rAjya thA aura ve zatAbdiyoM taka kaliga ke nivAsiyoM ke rUpa meM aura zAsakoM ke rUpa meM vahAM sattA meM rhe| vijagA paTTama jile ke rAyagar3ha kSetra meM eka gAMva kA nAma kadambagiri gur3A hai| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki kaliMga se kadamba rAjya kI samApti kara sambhavata: gaMgavaMzI jaina rAjavaMza athavA kisI anya vijetA ne zakAri ke samAna hI kadambagira viruda dhAraNa kara isa grAma ko basAyA hogaa| usa pradeza ke gAMvoM ke nAmoM kA sUkSma dRSTi se paryavekSaNa karane para patA calatA hai ki vahAM Aja bhI yatra-tatra paryApta saMkhyA meM jainoM aura bhUjoM dvArA basAye gaye grAma haiN| 3. kaliMga ke kola aura khoMNDa (goMDa) jAti ke logoM meM paramparAgata pIr3hiyoM se yaha dhAraNA calI rahI hai ki koloM aura khoNDoM ne kaliMga kI dharatI se jainoM evaM bhUyoM (bhUjoM) ko bAhara Dhakela diyaa| rAmAsvAmI ayyaMgara aura zeSa girirAva-ina donoM vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki ve jaina jinheM koloM evaM khoNDoM ne kaliMga se bAhara nikAlA ve vastutaH kadamba rAjavaMza ke hI zAsaka the aura bahalara ke mantavyAnusAra Aja jo telugu-kannar3a, Adi jo dakSiNI bhArata kI lipiyAM haiM ve vastutaH una pUrvavartI kadamboM kI varNamAlA kA hI pariSkRta svarUpa hai| vijagApaTTama jile kI vissaya kaTaka, jaipura, korapaTa, bhalkana giri, navaraMgapura ina kSetroM meM kaMcagI bhaTTa, rAnI bhaTTa, amala bhaTTa, dabU bhaTTa, vuSka bhaTTa, dekhiye jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 lekha saM0 66 / isameM uttarakAlIna kadama vaMza ke rAjA mageza varmA ke vaijayantI ( jayantIpura, vartamAna vanavAsI ) meM nivAsa karane kA ullekha hai| Shri Buhler is of opinion that it was the Kadamba script that latterly developed into the Telugu-Canarese or Andhra, Karnataki variety of South Indian Alphabets. Page #333 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 275 koSara bhaTTa, koD bhaTTa, moha bhaTTa Adi bhaTTa sthaviroM (vidvAnoM) ke bhaTTAnta nAma adyAvadhi vidyamAna haiM, jinheM dekhakara anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki kadamboM ne kaliMga meM sthAna-sthAna para vidvAnoM ko rakhakara kaliMga kI prajA ko aneka prakAra kI vidyAoM, kalA, zilpoM aura samunnata bhAratIya saMskRti kI kaliMga vAsiyoM ko zikSA dI thii| ina saba tathyoM para yadyapi adyAvadhi gambhIra zodha kI AvazyakatA hai tathApi ina tathyoM se yaha to prakaTa hotA hai ki kadamba rAjavaMza vastuta: bahuta prAcIna rAjavaMza thA aura jaina dharma kA anuyAyI thA / kadamba rAjavaMza kI uttaravartI zAkhA ke to aneka zilAlekha upalabdha bhI haiM / kadamba rAjavaMza dakSiNA patha kA prAcIna rAjavaMza thA / lekha saMkhyA 66-105 taka ke 10 lekhoM se' lekha saM. 282 se evaM anya purAtatva sAmagrI se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki isa vaMza ke prAyaH sabhI rAjAoM ne apane 2 zAsana kAla meM jaina dharma ke prati zlAghanIya sammAna prakaTa karate hue jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko apanI ora se tathA apane rAjya kI ora se sadA saMrakSaraNa pradAna kiyA / upalabdha abhilekhoM se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki isa rAjavaMza ke katipaya rAjA to jaina dharma meM pragAr3ha prAsthAvAn aura jinendra bhagavAn ke parama upAsaka the / isa rAjavaMza ke pAMcaveM mahArAjA kAkutstha varmA kI rAjakumArI kA vivAha prArambha se anta taka jaina kahe jAne vAle gaMga rAjavaMza ke pAMcaveM mahArAjA taDaMgAla mAdhava (mAdhava tRtIya ) ke sAtha kiyA gayA thA / lekha saM. 65, 121 aura 122 meM gaMgavaMzI mahArAjA kAkutstha varmA ke uttarAdhikArI putra mahArAjA kRSNavarmA kA bhAgineya ( bhAnajA ) batAyA gayA hai / 3 lekha saM0 105 se vidita hotA hai ki kAkutstha varmA ke eka putra kRSNavarmA ne apane agraja zAnti varmA se vidroha kara apanA svatantra rAjya sthApita kiyA / isakA putra yuvarAja deva varmA jaina dharmAvalambI thA / jisa samaya yuvarAja devavarmA tri parvata pradeza kA zAsaka thA usa samaya usake dvArA yApanIya saMghoM ko siddha kedAra grAma meM prarhat prabhu ke caityAlaya ke jIrNoddhAra, pUjA mahimA prAdi hetu kRSi bhUmi pradAna kiye jAne kA isa lekha meM ullekha hai / 4 lekha saM0 103 meM ullekha hai ki kadambarAja harivarmA ne apane cAcA zivaratha ke satparAmarza se palAzikA meM siMha senApati ke putra mRgeza dvArA sthApita jinA - yatana meM prativarSa praSTAnhika mahotsava evaM samasta saMgha ke bhojana Adi ke vyaya bhAra 1. 2. 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 mANika candra di0 jaina grantha mAlA samiti bhAga 1 bhAga 2 vahI "3 " " }} " 33 37 " Page #334 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 276 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 ko vahana karane ke liye basantavATikA nAmaka grAma kA dAna kUrcakoM ke vAriSeNAcArya ke saMgha ko pradAna kiyA / isa lekha se yaha tathya prakAza meM prAtA hai ki kadamba rAjavaMza ke anyAnya sadasya bhI jaina dharma ke upAsaka the | lekha saM0 104 meM ullekha hai ki ravi varmA ke uttarAdhikArI putra mahArAjA harivarmA ne apane sAmanta sendraka rAjabhAnu zakti kI prArthanA para palAsikA meM ahiriSTi nAmaka zramaNa saMgha kI sampatti mAne jAne vAle jinendra caityAlaya kI sabhI prakAra kI Avazyaka vyavasthA ke liye ukta saMgha ke prAcArya dharmmanandi ko yarade nAmaka grAma kA dAna kiyA / isa lekha se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki kadamba vaMza ke na kevala rAjA hI apitu isa rAjavaMza ke anya sadasya aura sAmanta bhI jaina dharma ke anuyAyI evaM paramopAsaka the 1 lekha saM 0 67 meM kadamba vaMzI kAkutsthAnvayI zAnti varmA ke putra dvArA apane mahArAjA mRgezavarmA dvArA apane zAsanakAla ke rAjya ke tIsare varSa meM zrarhad bhagavantoM kI mUrtiyoM ke sammArjana upavezana, evaM mandira kI puSpavATikA Adi ke liye vRhatparaghUre ke caityAlaya ko 46 nivartana bhUmi kA dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai / 3 lekha saM0 68 meM ullekha hai ki kadamba rAja vijaya ziva mRgeza varmA ne kAlabaGga nAmaka grAma ke tIna bhAga kara ke eka bhAga suvizAla arhata zAlA ke arhata jinendra bhagavantoM ke liye, dUsarA bhAga vItarAga prarUpita jina dharma kA AcaraNa karane aharniza tatpara zvetAmbara mahAzramaNa saMgha ke upabhogArtha aura tIsarA bhAga nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha ke upabhoga ke liye dAna meM diyA / 4 lekha saM066 meM ullekha hai ki kadamba rAja kAkutstha ke pautra evaM zAnti varmA ke putra kadambavaMzI mahArAjAmRgeza ne apanI vijaya ke AThaveM varSa meM palAzikA nagara meM yApanIyaM zramaNa saMgha, nirgrantha zramaNa saMgha aura kUrcaka zramaraNa saMgha ko mAtR sarita se lekara iMgiraNI saMgama paryanta 33 nivartana kRSi bhUmi arhad bhagavantoM ke nAma para dAna meM dI / halasI se prApta huA kadamba nareza ravi varmA kA ukta tAmrapatrIya abhilekha ( lekha saM0 100 ) aise tIna tathyoM para prakAza DAlatA hai jo jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se bar3e hI mahatvapUrNa haiM / kadambavaMzI mahArAjA kAkutstha, usake putra zAnti varmA usake , jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 vahI 3 vahI 2 4 vahI 5. vahI Page #335 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 277 (zAnti varmA ke) uttarAdhikArI rAjA mRgeza varmA aura mRgeza varmA ke putra mahArAjA ravi varmA dvArA diye gaye grAma dAnoM ke ullekha meM antima dAna ke sambandha meM likhA gayA hai ki isa grAma se jo prAya ho vaha dhana rAzi prativarSa kArtika mAsa ke anta meM jinendra bhagavAna kI mahimA ke liye aSTAhnika mahotsava manAne ke kArya meM aura cAturmAsAvAsAvadhi meM yApanIya saMgha ke tapasvI sAdhuoM ko AhAra pradAna karane ke kArya meM vyaya kI jAya / isameM aitihAsika mahatva kI nimnalikhita tIna bAteM haiM : (1) ina kadamba vaMzI cAroM rAjAoM ke zAsana kAla meM yApanIya saMgha eka bar3A zaktizAlI tathA rAjA evaM prajA donoM hI kA zraddhAbhAjana aura lokapriya saMgha thaa| (2) kumAradatta pramukhA hi sUrayaH aneka zAstrAgamakhinna buddhayaH / jagatyatItAssutapodhanAnvitA, gaNo'sya (gaNazca) teSAM bhavati pramANataH / / ___isa tAmra patra kI 18 vIM se 20 vIM paMkti meM ukita isa zloka se yApanIya saMgha ke sudIrgha atIta ke itihAsa kA saMketa milatA hai ki isa saMgha ke gaNa vizeSa meM AcArya kumAradatta pramukha aneka tapodhana evaM Agama niSNAta prAcArya hue aura unakA yaha garaNa loka meM prAmANika mAnA jAtA thaa| (3) dharmepsUbhijani padessanAgaraiH, jinendra pUjA satataM praNeyA / iti sthiti sthApitavAn ravIza: palAzikAyAMnagare vizAle / yasminjinendra pUjA pravartate, tatra tatra dezavRddhi / nAgarANAM nirbhayatA, taddeza svAminAJcorjA namo namaH / / tAmra patra meM ullikhita ina zlokoM se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki kadamba vaMzI rAjA na kevala svayaM hI jinendra prabhu ke upAsaka the apitu ve prajA ke liye dharmArAdhana kI isa prakAra kI maryAdA sthApita kara apanI prajA ko bhI jinendra kI upAsanA ke liye protsAhanapUrNa nidaMza dete the| isI prakAra kadamba vaMza ke pAMcaveM pratApI mahArAjA kAkutstha varmA kA tAmra patrIya abhilekha saM066 bhI aneka dRSTiyoM se eka baDA aitihAsika mahatva kA lekha hai ' / isa tAmrapatrIya abhilekha kA zabdaza: sArArtha isa prakAra hai--"namana hai una guraNa nidhi agAdha dayA sindhu jinendra bhagavAn ko ! jaya-vijaya ho unakI, jinakI triloka ke samagra prANI varga ko abhaya dAna dvArA Azvasta karane vAlI dayAmayI patAkA nikhila brahmANDa meM phaharA rahI hai-laharA rahI hai| prajAjanoM ke prANA kendra kadamba rAjavaMza ke yuvarAja kAkutstha varmA ne 80 veM varSa (gupta saM0 80 tadanusAra I0 man 366) meM, samAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko saMsAra sAgara se pAra utArane vAle . jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, legya saMkhyA 66, pRSTha 66-67 Page #336 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 278 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 arihanta bhagavantoM ke arthAt ahaMtoM ke nAma para pradatta kheT grAma meM Atma kalyANa ke liye apane senApati zrutakIrti ko badovara kSetra pradAna kiyaa|" Aja se lagabhaga 1583 varSa pUrva umra kita isa abhilekha ke eka-eka akSara se prAja bhI yahI pratidhvanita hotA hai ki kadamba vaMza ke paJcama nareza mahArAjA kAkutstha varmA vastuta: jaina dharma ke upAsaka the| isa lekha meM jo 80veM varSa kA ullekha hai usase kadamba vaMzI rAjAoM ke kAla nirNaya meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| yaha assI vAM varSa kisa saMvatsara kA hai, isa viSaya kI aitihAsikatA para vicAra karane para yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki kadambavaMzI rAjAoM ne to apanA koI saMvatsara nahIM claayaa| gupta rAjavaMza ke sAtha kadamba rAjavaMza kA ghaniSTha pArivArika sambandha thaa| kadamba vaMza ke pAMcaveM rAjA kAkutstha varmA kI eka kanyA kA vivAha gupta samrATa candragupta dvitIya vikramAditya ke eka putra ke sAtha kiyA gayA thaa| usa samaya taka gupta saMvat lokapriya evaM bahajanamAnya ho cukA thaa| ata: isa ghaniSTha pArivArika sambandha ke pariNAma svarUpa kadamba vaMzI rAjAoM ne bhI, bahuta sambhava hai pratApI gupta rAjAoM ke bahajana sammata saMvat ko mAnya kara liyA hogaa| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yuvarAja kAkutstha varmA ne ukta tAmra patra meM variNata yaha kSetra dAna gupta saMvat 80 tadanusAra I. san 366 (gupta samrATa candra gupta (dvitIya) ke zAsana ke 24veM varSa) meM diyA / gupta vaMzIya rAjAoM ke itihAsa sammata kAla ke anusAra gupta samrAT candragupta dvitIya kA zAsanakAla I. san 375 se 414 taka kA mAnA gayA hai| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki kAkutstha . varmA ne hI apanI putrI kA vivAha apane samakAlIna candragupta ke putra ke sAtha I. san 400 se 410 ke bIca kI avadhi meM kisI samaya karAyA hogaa| __ kadamba vaMzI rAjAoM kI jaina mandiroM-maThoM grAdi ke prati pragAr3ha ruci thii| unake jIrNoddhAra ke lie ina ke dvArA diye gaye dAnoM ke vivaraNa prAcIna abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiM, kintu mandiroM-maThoM meM jhADU nikAlane va ra he sadA sApha-sutharA rakhane ke liye mRgeza varmA dvArA diye gaye dAna se kadamba vaMzI rAjAoM kI jaina dharma ke prati pragADha AsthA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai ki ve na kevala jaina dharma ke prati hI apitu jaina dharma sthAnoM ke prati bhI kitane sajaga the / kadamba vaMzI rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla ke I. san 800 se 1307 I. kI avadhi ke aba taka aneka abhilekha upalabdha hue haiN| 3 / . di. ca. sarakAra dvArA likhita sakmesara prApha sAta vAhanAja pRSTha 256 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2, pR. 668-666 (racanAkAra grAcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja) Epigraphic Karnatika Vol. VIII Introduction. 3 Page #337 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 276 soraba se prApta abhilekha saM. 262 meM ullekha hai ki kadambarAja kIrti varmA athavA kIrtideva ( I. san 1070 se 1100 ) kI mahArAnI mAlala devI ne zaka saM. 667 tadanusAra I. san 1075 meM kuppuTUra ke pArzvadeva caityAlaya ko susaMskRta karavA kara usakA nAma brahma jinAlaya rakhA aura usa brahma jinAlaya ke liye kunda kundAnvaya-mUla saMgha, krApUra gaNa, titriNIka gaccha ke yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya vandaNige tIrtha tathA aneka mandiroM ke mukhya purohita siddhAnta cakravartI padmanandi ko bahuta sI bhUmiyoM kA dAna diyaa| isa avasara para mahArAnI mAlala devI ne vanavAsI rAjya ke 18 mandiroM ke purohitoM ke sAtha vanavAsI madhukezvara ko bulavAkara vahAM ke brAhmaNoM se pArzvadeva caityAlaya kA nAma brahma jinAlaya rkhvaayaa| mahArAnI mAlala devI ne apane pati mahArAja kIrtideva se bhI bahuta sI bhUmi prAptakara mUrti kI dainika pUjA aura sAdhuoM ke AhAra ke liye yApanIya AcArya padmanandi ko dAna meM dI / ina sabase aura uparivarNita abhilekhoM se yaha to nirvivAda rUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki kadambavaMzI rAjAoM ne apane 600 varSa ke sudIrgha zAsanakAla meM jaina dharma ko ullekhanIya prazraya evaM rAjyAzraya dekara dAnAdi dvArA jaina dharma ke pracAraprasAra meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA / kadambavaMzI rAjAoM ke lekha saM. 67, 68, 100, 103, 104 aura 105 ke prArambha meM kadambavaMzI rAjAoM ke lie jo vizeSaraNa prayukta kiye gaye haiM, una vizeSaNoM se kadambavaMzI rAjAoM ke varNa kA nirNaya karane meM bar3I sahAyatA mila sakatI hai / ina lekhoM meM kadamba rAjavaMza kA paricaya dete hue jo-jo vAkya ullikhita haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM --- "siddham / svasti svAmi mahAsena mAtRgaNAnudhyAtAbhiSiktAnAM mAnavyasa gotrANAM hAritIputrANAM pratikRta svAdhyAya carcA pAragANA ( lekha saM. 105 ) prAdikAla rAjapi vimvAnAM grAzritajanamvAnAM kadambAnAM 2 alma jilhA kolhApura se zaka sa. 411 ke tAmrapatrAbhilekha meM cAlukya vaMzI kSatriyoM ke liye bhI isI prakAra kI zabdAvali prayukta kI gaI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI stuti ke pazcAt isa abhilekha meM cAlukya rAjavaMza kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai- zrImatAM vizva - vizvambharAbhi saMstUyamAna mAnavyasa gotrANAM hArIti 1 kRSTa kA abhilekha saM 3 2 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, pR. 67 se 84 jaina jilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 25 se 60 206 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, pR. 266-271 (mANikyacandradi jaina grantha mAlA ) Page #338 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 280 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 putrANAM saptaloka mAtRbhissapta mAtRbhi vaddhitAnAM kArtikeya parirakSaNa prApta kalyANa paramparANAM cAlukyAnAM kulamalaMkariSNo / ....... paddhata lekhoM meM vikhyAta kSatriyakula ke cAlukyavaMzI rAjAoM ke samAna hI kadamba rAjavaMza ke rAjAnoM ko bhI SaNmukha kArtikeya dvArA saMrakSita saptamAtRara dvArA svAmikArtikeya mahAsena ke samAna hI paripAlita mAnavyagotra vAle aura hArIti ke putra ( vaMzaja) batAne ke sAtha-sAtha prAcIna rAjarSiyoM ke samAna batAyA gayA hai / isase nirvivAda rUpeNa yaha siddha hotA hai ki kadamba rAjavaMza vastutaH kSatriyoM kI hI eka zAkhA thI / cAlukyoM ke samAna mAnavya gotra - hArIti putra svAmI mahAsena - sapta mAtRkAoM dvArA abhivarddhata Adi vizeSaNa kadamboM ke lie prayukta dekhakara anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM saMbhava hai cAlukyoM (solaMkiyoM) aura kadamboM ke pUrva puruSa kisI eka hI kSatriya rAjA kI saMtati rahe hoM / eka do vidvAnoM kI sarvathA apuSTa kalpanA ke anusAra yadi kadambavaMzI rAjA brAhmaNa jAti ke hote to lekha saM. 105 meM unake liye prAdikAla rAjarSi bimbAnAM ke sthAna para "AdikAla brahmarSi bimbAnAM" athavA " parazurAma bimbAnAM" kA prayoga kiyA jAtA / ina puSTa pramANoM ke atirikta kadambavaMzI rAjAoM kI rAja kanyAoM ke vivAha gaMgavaMzI kSatriya rAjakumAroM evaM zAntara rAjavaMza ke rAjakumAroM ke sAtha hone ke jo prAcIna abhilekhoM meM ullekha Aja bhI upalabdha hote haiM, ve isa bAta ke prabala sAkSI haiM ki kadambavaMzI rAjA kSatriya the / yaha to eka nirvivAda tathya hai| ki prAcIna kAla meM vivAha kI jo maryAdA manu Adi dvArA smRtiyoM meM nirdhArita kI gaI thI usase brAhmaNa kanyA ke sAtha kSatriya kumAra ke vivAha kA kar3AI ke sAtha niSedha kiyA gayA thA / kadamba vaMzI rAjAnoM kA zAsana kAla 1 - mayUra zarmana ( I0 san 340 - 370 ) jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, isa rAjavaMza kA saMsthApaka aura prathama rAjA mayUra zarman thA / kAJcIpati pallavarAja ke sImAvartI vanavAsI pradeza ko vijita kara isane eka svatantra rAjya kI nIMva DAlI / mayUra zarman ne amarArNava (pazcimI samudra ke taTa se lekara premAra 1 lekha saMkhyA 65, 105, 121, 122 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, mANikyacandra di. jaina grantha mAlA 2 zAntara rAjavaMza ke rAjA tyAgI zAntara kA vivAha kadamba rAjA harivarmA kI rAjakumArI nAgala devI ke sAtha huA / dekhiye epigrAphikA kararNATikA volyUma VIII pRSTha 6 / Page #339 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 281 pradeza ( mAlava) taka apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyA aura anumAnataH I. san 340 se 370 taka rAjya kiyA / upari varNita lekha saMkhyA 206 meM kadamba rAjavaMza ke prathama rAjA kA nAma mayUra zarman na likha kara mayUra varmana likhA gayA hai / isameM ullekha hai ki isane mora ke paMkhoM kA banA paTTa apane zira para dhAraNa kiyA, isaliye vaha mayUra varman ke nAma se vikhyAta huA / katipaya uttaravarttI abhilekhoM meM ullekha prApta hotA hai ki mayUra zarmA ne 18 azvamedha yajJa kiye kintu aneka vidvAnoM ne una abhilekhoM kI prAmANikatA meM sandeha abhivyakta kiyA hai / 2 - kaMgu varmana - apara nAma skanda varman ( I. san 370 se 365 ) ajantA ke abhilekha se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki sambhavataH yaha kadamba vaMzI rAjA vAkaThika rAjA vindhasena kA samakAlIna aura kuntala kA vahI kadamba vaMzI rAjA ho jisakA vindhasena dvArA yuddha meM parAjita kiye jAne kA prajantA ke abhilekha meM ullekha hai / isa prakAra isakA zAsana kAla I. san 370 se 365 taka kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| kaMgavarman ne dharma mahArAjAdhirAja kI upAdhi dhAraNa kI thI / 3 - bhagIratha ( I. san 365 se 420 ) kaMgu varmana ke pazcAt usakA putra bhagIratha kadamba rAjya ke siMhAsana para baiThA / isane kadamba rAjya kI nIMvoM ko sudRr3ha kiyA / itihAsavidoM kA abhimata hai ki gupta samrAT candragupta (dvitIya) vikramAditya ne bhagIratha ke yahAM kAlIdAsa ko apanA rAjadUta banAkara bhejA / " isase vidita hotA hai ki bhagIratha eka pratApI rAjA thA / isakA zAsanakAla I. san 365 se 420 taka anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai / 4 - raghu athavA raghupArthiva ( I. san 420 se 430 ) kadambarAja bhagIratha ke raghu aura kAkutstha varmA nAmaka do putra the / mahArAjA bhagIratha ke nidhana para raghu rAja siMhAsana para baiThA aura usane apane laghu bhrAtA kAkutstha varmA ko yuvarAja banAyA / halasI (jilA belagAMva) se prApta (IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke ) kAkutstha varmA ke dAna patra meM bhI ise ( kAkutstha varmA ko ) " kadambAnAM yuvarAja : " likhA hai / 5 - kAkutstha varmA (I. san 430 se 450 ) raghu ke pazcAt kadamba vaMza kA 5vAM rAjA kAkutstha varmA huA / inake rAjya kAla meM rAjya eMva prajA ne cahuMmukhI pragati kI / tAla guNDa ke abhilekha se vidita hotA hai ki kAkutstha varmA ke zAsana kAla meM sarvatra zAnti aura samRddhi kA sAmrAjya rahA / par3osI rAjAoM ke sAtha ApakA bar3A madhura sambandha rahA aura ve saba inakA bar3A sammAna karate the / kAkutstha varmA ne apanI eka putrI kA vivAha gupta samrAT candragupta (dvitIya) 1 dI klAsikala eja ( bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI ) pRSTha 183, 272 2 lekha saM0 96 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, pRSTha 66 Page #340 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 282 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vikramAditya ke rAjakumAra ke sAtha aura apanI dUsarI putrI kA vivAha gaMga rAja vaMza ke pAMcaveM mahArAjA taDaMgAla (mAdhava tRtIya) ke sAtha kiyA / ' jaina dharma ke prati kAkutstha varmA kI kaisI pragAr3ha zraddhA thI yaha upari varNita lekha saM. 66 se sahaja hI spaSTataH prakaTa ho jAtA hai / kAkutstha varmA ne jana kalyANa ke aneka ullekhanIya kArya kiye aura tAlaguNDa meM eka vizAla jalAzaya kA nirmANa karavAyA / apane samakAlIna zaktizAlI rAjavaMzoM ke sAtha vaivAhika sambandha sthApita kara apane rAjya ko sudRr3ha banAne ke sAtha-sAtha zAnti kI sthApanA meM bhI isane bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| isake do putra the zAnti varmana aura kRSNa varmana / 6-zAnti varman (I. san 450 se 475) kAkutstha varman kI mRtyu ho jAne para usakA bar3A putra zAnti varman banavAsI ke rAja-siMhAsana para baitthaa| dUsarI zAkhA ke rAjA-zAnti varman ke choTe bhAI kRSNa varman ne apane bhAI se vidroha kara kadamba rAjya ke dakSiNI bhAga para adhikAra kiyA aura triparvata (sambhavataHhalevida) meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kii| usane apane Apako svatantra rAjA ghoSita kiyA aura isa prakAra vaha kadamba rAjavaMza kI dUsarI zAkhA kA saMsthApaka hunaa| kRSNa varmA kI bahina kA vivAha gaMga vaMza ke mahArAjA taDaMgala mAdhava ke sAtha huA thA yaha Upara batAyA jA cukA hai| isa kAraNa sambhavataH gaMgarAja vaMza kA ise prazraya milA ho aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isane apanI sainya zakti ko bar3hAyA aura azvamedha yajJa karane kA nizcaya kiyA kintu pallavarAja ke hAthoM burI taraha parAjita huaa| pallavoM ne kRSNa varmana ke putra viSNu barmana ko triparvata ke rAja-siMhAsana para baitthaayaa| isase jJAta hotA hai ki viSNU varman pallavoM kA adhInastha rAjA rhaa| 7-mRgeza varman (I. san 475 se 460) zAnti varman ke pazcAt usakA putra mRgeza varman banavAsI meM kadamba rAjavaMza ke siMhAsana para baiThA / yaha bar3A pratApI aura dharmAtmA rAjA thaa| isane pallavoM aura pazcimI gaMgoM ko yuddha meM parAjita kiyaa| mRgeza varmA ke jina dAna patroM kA Upara vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai, ve isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki isa rAjA kI jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA-bhakti thii| jaina dharma zatAbdiyoM se dakSiNa meM samunnata dazA meM rahA thaa| mRgeza varman ne apane zAsana kAla meM jaina dharma ke usa samaya ke sabhI zaktizAlI zvetAmbara mahA zramaNa saMgha, nirgrantha mahA zramaNa saMgha yApanIya saMgha, kUrcaka saMgha-ina saMghoM ko dAna sammAnAdi se prazraya dekara unake aura adhikAdhika phalane-phUlane meM bar3A yogadAna diyaa| . jaina zilA lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 lekha saM0 65, 121, 122 Page #341 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 283 8-ravi varmA (I. san 460 se 537) / mRgeza varmA ke pazcAt usakA putra ravi varmA kadamba vaMza ke rAja-siMhAsana para AsIna huaa| yaha bar3A hI pratApI rAjA huA hai| ise apane prArambhika zAsana kAla meM aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| isI vaMza kI dUsarI zAkhA ke saMsthApaka kRSNa varman ke putra viSNu varmana ne pallavoM kI sahAyatA se ravi varmA para I0 san 467 meM AkramaNa kiyaa| usa yuddha meM ravi varmA zatrunoM ko parAjita kara vijayI huaa| viSNu varman usa yuddha meM mArA gyaa| ravi varmA ne kAJcIpati caNDadaNDa (sambhavataH pallava rAja) ke rAjya ko vinaSTa kara palAzikA (vartamAna meM halasI) meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kii| jaina dharma ke prati isakI pragAr3ha prIti thii| yaha jaina dharma kA prabala samarthaka thaa| varSA kAla meM yApanIya sAdhunoM kI bhojana vyavasthA ke liye aura prati varSa nirdhArita tithiyoM para jinendra bhagavAn ke pUjA-arcanA mahotsavoM ko ThATha se manAne kA isane prajAjanoM ko Adeza diye| ravi varmana kI mRtyu ho jAne para usakI rAnI apane pati ke sAtha citA meM jalakara satI ho gii|' -hari varmA (I0 san 537---547) / ravi varmA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra hari varmA kadamba rAjavaMza ke siMhAsana para baiThA jo ki azakta evaM akuzala rAjA siddha huaa| isake eka zaktizAlI sAmanta pulakesina (prathama) cAlukya ne isakI azaktatA kA lAbha uThA kara isake viruddha vidroha kiyA aura usane bAdAmI meM apanA svatantra rAjya sthApita kiyaa| kRSNa varmA dvArA saMsthApita kadamba rAjavaMza kI dUsarI zAkhA ke rAjA ke sAtha hari varmA kA saMgharSa huA aura usa gaha kalaha ke pariNAmasvarUpa hari varmA ke sAtha hI kadamba rAjavaMza kI mUla zAkhA I0 san 547 meM samApta ho gii| kadamba rAjavaMza kA sthAna cAlukya rAjavaMza ne grahaNa kiyaa| yadyapi cAlukya rAjavaMza ke abhyudaya ke sAtha hI IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke madhya bhAga meM kadamba rAjavaMza kA sUrya asta ho gayA tathApi soraba se prApta zilAlekhoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki kadamba vaMzI zAsaka apanI paitRka rAjadhAnI banavAsI bAraha hajArI meM IsA kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke sAta dazakoM taka adhInastha sAmantoM ke rUpa meM rahe aura I0 san 671 meM ve vanavAsI bAraha hajArI ke sambhavataH svatantra zAsaka bana gye| isa prakAra kadamba vaMzI rAjAoM ne zakti saMcaya kara punaH apanI sthiti ko sudRr3ha banAyA aura ve I0 san 1307 taka banavAsI bAraha hajArI para zAsana karate rahe / una banavAsI ke uttaravartI kadamba vaMzI rAjAoM kA samaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai :zAnti varmA (dvitIya) I0 san 671 tailaha deva // 675 1 soraba kA zilA lekha (saM0 523) Page #342 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 284 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 gauravarSa I. san 1018 kudama rasa , 1026 kIrti varmA athavA kIti deva , 1070-1100. isa rAjA kI mahArAnI malala devI kI jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA-bhakti thii| malala devI ne jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai I0 san 1075 meM kuppatUrU jilA soraba meM pArzvanAtha caityAlaya ko susaMskArita karavA vanavAsI ke 18 pramukha mandiroM ke purohitoM evaM vikhyAta madhukezvara nAma ke viSNU bhakta purohita ko Amantrita kiyaa| mahArAnI ne vipula dAna dekara una sabhI purohitoM se bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA vidhivat arcana pUjana karavAyA / tadanantara mahArAnI malaladevI ne yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya padmanandi siddhAnta cakravartI ke parAmarzAnusAra vahAM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM upasthita vidvAn brAhmaNoM se usa pArzva jina caityAlaya kA nAma 'brahma jinAlaya' rakhavA kara usa brahma jinAlaya kI dainika pUjA arcA evaM jaina muniyoM ke AhAra kI vyavasthA ke liye viSNu bhakta madhukezvara purohita se evaM kadambarAja kIrti varmA se aneka vizAla kRSi bhUkhaNDa yApanIya prAcArya padmanandi ko dAna meM dilavAye / aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha zilAlekha bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa hai / yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya evaM muni anya dharmAvalambiyoM evaM janamata ko jaina dharma ke sannikaTa samparka meM rakhane meM evaM jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra evaM varcasva ke abhivarddhana meM kitane sajaga aura prayatnazIla rahate the, isa dizA meM yaha lekha gaharA prakAza DAlatA hai| tailapadeva I. sana 1100 se 1103 kIrtideva (dvitIya) 1103 se 1116 tailapadeva (dvitIya) 1126 taka mallideva 1143 taka kAvadeva 1147 taka kItideva (tRtIya) 1151 se 1178 taka soyIdeva (isI vaMza kA kItideva kA hI samakAlIna anya rAjA) 1160 se 1171 telahadeva 1178 konDerasa 1187 kAva athavA kAmadeva 1188 se 1216 mallideva (dvitIya) 1216 se 1231 soyIdeva (dvitIya) 1237 kAvadeva (tRtIya) 1238 se 13072 1 jaina zilA lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha saM0 206, pRSTha 266-271. 2 ipIgrAphikA karNATikA vAlyUma 8, peja 2-3 Page #343 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAmoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 285 kadamba vaMza kI dUsarI zAkhA ke rAjAoM kA zAsana kAla nimnalikhita rUpa se upalabdha hotA hai : 1. kRSNa varmA (prathama / zAMti varmA kA bhAI) I. san 475 se 485 (pallavoM dvArA parAjita) 2. viSNu varmA (pallavoM kA adhInastha rAjA) I. san 485 se 467 isameM pallavoM kI sahAyatA se kadamba vaMza kI bar3I zAkhA ke rAjA ravi varmA para IsvI san 467 meM AkramaNa kiyaa| isa yuddha meM parAjaya ke sAtha-sAtha apane prANoM se bhI hAtha dhonA pdd'aa| 3. siMha varmA (ravi varmA kA adhInastha rAjA) I. san 467 se 540 4. kRSNa varmA (dvitIya) , 540 se 565 kRSNa varmA ne jaba dekhA ki apane vaMza kI bar3I zAkhA ke rAjA hari varmA ke eka zaktizAlI cAlukya sAmanta pulakezin prathama ne apane svAmI ke prati vidroha kara bAkAmI meM apanA pRthaka rAjya sthApita kara liyA hai aura isa prakAra banavAsI kadamba rAja kI zakti kSINa ho gaI hai to usane hari varmA para AkramaNa kara use parAsta kara apane rAjavaMza kI bar3I zAkhA ke rAjya ko samApta kara diyaa| kRSNa varmA dvitIya ne eka azvamegha yajJa kiyA aura gaMga vaMza ke eka rAjakumAra ke sAtha apanI bahina kA vivAha kara apanI zakti ko abhivRddha kiyaa| 5. aja varmA I. san 565 se 606 yaha cAlukya rAja kIrti varmA kA adhInastha rAjA rhaa| kIrti varmA ko abhilekhoM meM "kadamba kUla kAla rAtri' kahA gayA hai| 6. bhogI varmA I. san 606 se 610 bhogI varmA ne cAlukya rAja kI dAsatA ke jUr3e ko utAra pheMkane aura svatantra rAjA banane kA prayAsa kiyA kintu cAlukya rAja pulakesina dvitIya ne usake vidroha ko kucala banavAsI ke rAjya para adhikAra kara liyaa|' aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yuddha meM bhogI varmA aura usake putra kI mRtyu ho jAne ke pazcAt kadamba vaMza kI isa dUsarI zAkhA ke rAjya kA bhI anta ho gyaa| isake pazcAt kadamba vaMza kI isa zAkhA ke zAsaka sAmantoM ke rUpa meM rhe| I. san 642 meM pulakezina dvitIya kI mRtyu ke pazcAt kadamboM ke svatantra rAjya kI saMsthApanA ke prayAsa kiye gaye kintu I. san 655 (vIra nirvANa saM0 1182) meM vikramAditya prathama ke siMhAsanAsIna hone para unheM apane prayAsa meM saphalatA prApta nahIM huii| antatogatvA . aihola kA abhilekha / Page #344 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 286 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga --- 3 IsA kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM isa zAkhA ne punaH zakti-saMcaya kara apanI sthiti ko svatantra zAsaka ke rUpa meM sudhArA / ' isa prakAra Aja taka upalabdha hue prAcIna zilAlekhoM evaM tAmra patrAdi se. yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki kadambavaMzI rAjAoM, unake maMtriyoM, senApatiyoM evaM unake parivAra ke sadasyoM kI jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha sahAnubhUti, aTUTa AsthA athavA zraddhA-bhakti rhii| yadi isa viSaya meM aura zodha kI jAya to aneka mahatvapUrNa tathya prakAza meM zrA sakate haiM, kyoMki, jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, kadamba rAjavaMza kA rAjya dakSiNApatha ke vizAla bhU-bhAga para IsA kI prathama zatAbdI evaM isase bhI pUrvakAla meM rahA hai / ve saba pUrvakAlIna kadambavaMzI rAjA jaina the, aisA ucca koTi ke katipaya itihAsavidoM kA abhimata hai / mRgeza varmA, hari varmA unake pitRvya zivaratha, yuvarAja devavarmA, ravivarmA, mahArAnI mAlala devI Adi ne jaina dharma ke prati ananya niSThA -zraddhA-bhakti prakaTa kI, vaha unake pUrva puruSoM ke jaina dharma ke prati zraddhA-bhakti ke paramparAgata purAtana saMskAroM kA hI pratiphala ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra kadamba rAjavaMza ne jaina dharma kI prabhyunnati ke liye ullekhanIya evaM anamola yogadAna diyA aura isa rAjavaMza ke samagra zAsanakAla meM jaina dharma sadA pallavita tathA puSpita hotA rahA / yadyapi vanavAsI zAkhA ke kadambavaMzI rAjAzroM ne apanA vaMza paricayamAnavya gotra, hAriti putra, svAmI mahAsena ( SaNmukha kArtikeya) pAdAnudhyAta, Azrita janambAnAM ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai kintu prArambha se anta taka isa rAjavaMza ke rAjA kA adbhuta evaM viziSTa jhukAva jaina dharma ke prati hI rahA hai / ina rAjAoM ke jitane rAjyAzrita kavi the, ve jaina the / inake mantrIgaraNa aura sAmanta bhI jaina the / kadambavaMzI rAjAoM dvArA jina pavitra sthAnoM ke nAma rakhe gaye, ve jainoM ke pavitra kSetroM ke rUpa meM adyAvadhi mAne jAte haiM / kadambavaMzI rAjAoM ne jo dAna diye ve prAyaH sabhI jainAcAryoM evaM jaina saMghoM ko diye, yaha tathya isa rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM ke dAnapatroM-tAmrapatroM, zilAlekhoM prAdi se prakAza meM prAyA hai / goprA pradeza meM kadamba rAjavaMza kI zAkhA kA sudIrgha kAla taka rAjya rahA / unhoMne jaina sAhitya meM abhivRddhi kara jaina vAMgmaya ko samRddha kiyA / 3 , The Classical Age, Chap, XIII p. 273 2 Similarly in the Saka Taluq of the Ganjam Dist. there is a village Called Jaisingh, possibly named after Jaya Varma the early Kadamba King of 2nd Centuary A. D. (1) or a Kosala Jayaditya preserved in the traditions of the present day Andhra Kshatriyas. --Epigraphia Jainica (chapter II) in Studies in South Indian Jainism-gozrA ke kadamba vaMzI rAjAoM ke tAmrapatra / 3 Page #345 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAgoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 287 ___ gaMjama jile kI pAralA kI meDI kSetra meM kadamba siMgI aura munisiMgI nAmaka jainoM ke do pavitra sthAna haiN| kadamba siMgI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA prAcIna kAla se pavitra pahAr3I mAnI jAtI rahI hai| isa pavitra pahAr3I ke Asa-pAsa hI kadambavaMzI rAjAoM dvArA nirmita muni-siMgI nAma se vikhyAta vizAla jaina bastI thI, jahAM bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina muni nivAsa karate the| kadambavaMzI rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla meM ye sthAna jaina dharma ke, jaina vidyA ke aura jaina saMskRti ke gar3ha the| isI tAlluka (kSetra) ke maidAnoM meM kadamboM ne prAcInakAla meM vaijayantIpura basAkara vahAM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI / ' ye saba tathya isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki kadambavaMzI rAjA jaina the| .. rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM, rAniyoM, rAjakumAroM, rAjamAtAoM, senAnAyakoM, maMtriyoM evaM prajAjanoM ne jainadharma kI sarvatomukhI samunnati ke liye jo mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA, use prAcIna zilAlekhoM aura zodhakartAoM ke zodhapUrNa nibandhoM ko par3hakara tIrthakara kAla ke dharma dhurA dhaureya bharata, zrIkRSNa, zreNika prAdi rAjAoM kI smRti smRti-paTala para ubhara AtI hai| - rASTrakaTa rAjavaMza ke rAjya kA dakSiNa meM sarva prathama abhyudaya kisa samaya huaA, isa sambandha meM antima nirNAyaka zodha na ho sakane ke kAraNa itihAsajJa abhI taka kisI sarva-sammata nirNaya para nahIM pahuMca pAye haiN| isa rAjavaMza ke rAjAmoM se sambandhita lekhoM meM saba se purAnA abhilekha markarA ke khajAne se prApta gaMgavaMzI rAjA pravinIta dvArA diye gaye dAna kA zaka saM0 388 tadanusAra I. san 466 kA eka tAmra patra hai / isa tAmra-patra meM ullekha hai ki akAlavarSa pRthvI vallabha (rASTrakaTa vaMzIya rAjA) ke maMtrI ne varaNade guppe nAmaka eka grAma zaka saM0 388 kI mAdha zuklA paMcamI somavAra ke dina svAti nakSatra meM gaMgavaMzI mahArAjAdhirAja avinIta se prApta kara mUla saMgha kauNDakundAnvaya dezIya gaNa ke guNanandi bhaTTAra ke ziSya candagandi bhaTTAra ko talavana nagara ke zrIvijaya jinAlaya ke liye dAna meM diyA / / isa tAmra patrAbhilekha kI bhASA se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA akAlavarSa pRthvIvallabha eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya ke mahArAjAdhirAja avinIta I0 san 466 ke AsapAsa ke samaya meM unake adhInastha rAjA the| 9 The place of Parlaki medi Agency of the Ganjam District has called Kadamba-singi and Muni-siogi suggesting a sacred hill (Sacred to Jaina) a colony of Jain Munis ocar about it. The place names are significant and suggestive of religious culture. At a latter date, it was in this talug, that the Kadambas built their Capital Vaijayantipuri in the plains. -Epigraphica Jainica (chapter II) in Studies in South Indian Jainism - Page #346 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 288 ] [ jaina dharma kA mautika itihAsa - bhAga 3 isa prakAra ke kisI anya prAcIna evaM Thosa pramANa ke abhAva meM dakSiNA patha meM rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjya ke prAdya saMsthApaka ke nAma evaM samaya ke sambandha meM prAmANika rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / raTTa vaMza ke rAjAnoM kI vaMzAvalI ina saba tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha anurAgazraddhA-niSThA evaM bhakti rakhate hue jaina dharma kI sarvatomukhI samunnati meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna dene vAle isa yazasvI rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM kI eka kramabaddha sUci itihAsa premiyoM athavA zodhArthiyoM ko upalabdha karAne ke uddezya se DA0 bUhalara aura mi0 phlITa dvArA prakAzita prAcIna abhilekhoM ke aAdhAra para bI luisa rAisa ne bar3I hI sAvadhAnI ke sAtha isa rAjavaMza ke rAjAnoM kI jo vaMzAvalI taiyAra kI hai use hI mAnya kiye jAne ke atirikta adyAvadhi anya koI upAya nahIM hai / jaina dharma ke parama hitaiSI mAzraya dAtA isa rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM dvArA jaina dharma kI abhivRddhi ke liye jo yogadAna diyA gayA, usa satrakA jo saMkSipta vivaraNa yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai, usameM isa vaMza ke rAjAnoM ke pUrvApara anukrama kA jahAM taka sambandha hai, usameM adyAvadhi upalabdha sAmagrI ke sAtha-sAtha mi0 rAisa dvArA taiyAra kI gaI sUci ko bhI prAdhAra mAnA gayA hai aura isa prakAra kI aitihAsika sAmagrI ke pariprekSya meM isa rAjavaMza ke rAjAoMoM kA anukrama nimnalikhita rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. kRSNa prakAlavarSa - jaisA ki lekha saM0 65 ke uddharaNa ke sAtha Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki gaMgavaMzI rAjA pravinIta I0 san 425-478 ke samaya meM dakSiNApatha ke kinhIM pradezoM para rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA akAlavarSa rAjya kara rahA thA / isake eka maMtrI ne varaNe guppe nAmaka eka grAma candaraNandi bhaTTAraka ko dAna meM diyA / isa rAjA kA rAjya kahAM se kahAM taka thA athavA isakI rAjadhAnI kahAM thI, isa sambandha meM koI prAmANika ullekha upalabdha nahIM hone ke kAraNa kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kintu isakA rAjya gaMgavaMza kI sImAoM se lagatA huA thA, yaha isa lekha se pratidhvanita hotA hai / isa lekha se yaha bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki akAlavarSa koI zaktizAlI rAjA hogA ataH usake maMtrI kI prArthanA para gaMgarAja pravinIta ne eka sundara grAma jinAlaya kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye dAna meM denA svIkAra kiyaa| kyoMki yaha dAna I0 san 466 meM kiyA gayA isaliye sunizcita rUperaNa yaha rAjA akAlavarSa isa vaMza ke sAtaveM rAjA kRSNa akAlavarSaballabha-zubhatuM ga kannara I0 san 753 778 se lagabhaga 200 varSa pUrvavartI hone ke kAraNa sunizcita rUpeNa bhinna thA / Page #347 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 289 2. kRSNa akAlavarSa ke pazcAt I0 san 466 se 610 I0 ke bIca isa vaMza ke kitane aura kauna-2 se rAjA hue tathA unakI rAjadhAnI kahAM thI isakA adyAvadhi upalabdha aitihAsika sAmagrI meM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| 3. govinda-appAyika govinda-isake sambandha meM DA0 vahalara, zrI phlITa aura bI luisa rAisa kA anumAna hai ki yaha rAjA uttara bhArata se dakSiNa meM apane sainya dala ke sAtha AyA kintu pulakesina ne I0 san 610 ke Asa pAsa isake dakSiNa vijaya abhiyAna ko viphala kara kiyaa| digvijaya athavA deza vijaya ke isa svapna ke dhalisAt hone ke anantara rAjA appAyika govinda madhya pradeza. athavA uttara pradeza kI ora lauTA athavA gujarAta kI ora, isa sambandha meM pramANAbhAva ke kAraNa kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki Aja bhI uttara pradeza meM bhI evaM gujarAta meM bhI rAThora paryApta saMkhyA meM vidyamAna haiM, jo itihAsajJoM ke anumAna se rASTrakUTa vaMzIya ho sakate haiN| isase aura anya pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjya uttara pradeza meM bhI the aura gujarAta meM bhii| ina pUrva puruSoM ke pazcAt rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjAoM kA dakSiNa ke zAsakoM ke rUpa meM nimnalikhita anukrama ukta vidvAnoM dvArA nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| 1-danti varmA / 2-indra / 3--govinda / 4-karka-kakka (prathama) 5-indra prathaga-isakA cAlukya rAja kI rAjakumArI ke sAtha vivAha hyaa| ina pAMcoM rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjAoM ke rAjya kAla ke sambandha meM adyAvadhi koI Thosa aitihAsika AdhAra upalabdha nahIM huA hai|' 6-danti durga-isa rAjA ke danti varmA, khaDagAvaloka, pRthvI vallabha, vara megha aura sAhasa tuga-ye viruda the| viruda ke rUpa meM anya nAma bhI upalabdha hote haiM / isakA rAjya kAla anumAnataH 730 se 753 mAnA jAtA hai| rASTrakUTa vaMza kA yaha chaThA rAjA bar3A pratApI, sAhasI aura jaina dharma ke prati niSThA rakhane vAlA huaa| isane I0 san 730 se 735 ke bIca kI avadhi meM cAlukya rAjA kIti varmA ko raNakSetra meM parAjita kara rASTrakUTa vaMza ke eka zaktizAlI rAjya kI nIMva ddaalii| rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjya ko zaktizAlI banAne ke kAraNa itihAsajJa IsA kI pAThavIM zatAbdI ke prathamArddha se rASTrakUTa rAjya kA abhyudaya mAnate haiN| zravaNa belagola se prApta eka zilAlekha ke anusAra nyAya zAstra 9 It is only from this point that we have a connection account of the line -B. Lewis Rice EPIGRAFICA Karnataka Vol................Appendix-B Page 71 Page #348 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 260 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ke udbhaTa vidvAn mahAvAdI digambarAcArya akalaMka isa rAjA ke sama sAmayika AcArya the / isa rAjA kI prazaMsA meM prAcArya akalaMka kA nimnalikhita zloka isa zilAlekha meM uTTa kita hai : rAjan sAhasatuga santi bahavaH zvetAtapatrA napA: kintu tvatsadRzA raNe vijayinastyAgonnatA durlabhAH / tvadvatsanti budhA na santi kavayo vAdIzvarA vAgmino, nAnA zAstravicAracAturadhiyaH, kAle kalau madvidhA / / 21 / / ' mahArAja danti durga parama jina bhakta hone ke sAtha-sAtha bar3A hI zaktizAlI evaM lokapriya nareza thaa| isakI ajeya evaM durddharSa hasti senA ne revA athavA narmadA mahAnadI ke taTavartI sudUrastha pradezoM para vijaya prApta kii| cAlukya rAjA kIrti varmA kI jisa vijayinI senA ne colarAja, pAMDyarAja vajraTa aura zrI harSa kI senAoM ko parAjita kiyA thA, usa zaktizAlI karNATakI senA ko bhI danti durga ne raNAMgaNa meM chinna-bhinna kara usa para pUrNa vijaya prApta kii| 7-kRSNa prathama- I0 san 753 se 778 ..- yaha rASTrakUTa vaMza ke pAMcaveM rAjA indra kA choTA bhAI thaa| akAla varSa, ballabha, zubhatuGga aura kannara ye usake upAdhi sUcaka apara nAma bhI the| isane cAlukya rAjya ke antargata zeSa rahe aura bhI aneka kSetroM para apanI vijaya patAkA phaharA kara sampUrNa cAlukya rAjya ko apane adhIna kara liyaa| lekha saM. 123 ke anusAra kRSNa prathama ne cAlukya rAjavaMza se lakSmI ko chIna liyaa| isane elapura meM eka bar3A hI sundara ziva mandira banavAyA / govinda aura dhra va aparanAma dhora nAmaka isake do putra the| 8-govinda dvitIya-prabhUta varSa-vallabha-yaha I. san 778 meM rASTrakUTa rAja-siMhAsana para baitthaa| isakA zAsana thor3e hI varSoM taka rahA aura isakA laghu bhrAtA dhruva ise siMhAsanacyuta karake svayaM rAjA bana gyaa| zaka saM0 705 I. san 783 meM to sunizcita rUpa se isakA zAsana thaa| yaha prAcArya jinasena dvArA apane grantha 'harivaMza purANa' meM kiye gaye isa ullekha se siddha hotA hai ki unhoMne zaka saM0 705 meM rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA govinda dvitIya ke rAjyakAla meM isa graMtha kI racanA kI / isane apane kucha varSoM ke zAsana kAla meM bhI rASTrakUTa rAjya kA ullekhanIya vistAra kiyaa| isake soraba tAlluka se I0 san 767 se I0 san 800 kI bIca kI avadhi ke 5 zilAlekha prApta hue haiM / isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki isake choTe bhAI ne, ise rASTrakUTa rAjya ke siMhAsana se cyuta karane ke uparAnta bhI soraba kSetra ke svatantra rAjA ke rUpa meM ise rakhA ho| 1 jaina zilA lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, lekha saM. 54 pRSTha 104 2 jaina zilA lekha saMgraha bhAga 2, pRSTha 125 zloka saM. 3 Page #349 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAnoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 261 ___ --- dhra va-dhora-dhArA varSa-nirupama-kalivallabha-iddhatejasa / apane bar3e bhAI govinda dvitIya ko siMhAsanacyuta kara rAja-siMhAsana para AsIna hone ke pazcAt isane I0 san 764 taka zAsana kiyaa| yaha bar3A hI sAhasI evaM yuddha zauNDIra rAjA thaa| uparivariNata lekha saM0 123 meM isake vijaya abhiyAnoM ke ullekhoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki ye apane sampUrNa jIvanakAla meM kabhI kisI se bhI parAsta nahIM hue| sadA avijeya gaMgo ko parAjita kiyA aura pallavoM, gor3oM evaM vatsarAja ko bhI raNAMgaNa meM hataprabha kara parAsta kiyA aura isane apane bar3e putra kamba ko gaMga pradeza diyA aura choTe putra govinda ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kiyaa| isake zAsana kAla meM rASTrakUTa rAjya kI ullekhanIya abhivRddhi hii| 10-govinda tRtIya-prabhUtavarSa-jagattuga-ballabha narendra-zrI vallabha-pRthvIvallabha-atizaya dhvl-kiirtinaaraaynn| isakA zAsana kAla I0 san 764. se 814 taka rahA / yaha rASTrakUTa vaMza ke apane sabhI pUrvaja rAjAroM se bar3A zattisAloM evaM adhika pratApI rAjA siddha huaa| isane rAja-siMhAsana para prArUr3ha hote hI digvijaya kA abhiyAna prArambha kiyaa| isa vijaya abhiyAna meM usane apane samaya ke bAraha zaktizAlI evaM vikhyAta rAjAroM se saMgharSa kara unakI sainya zakti ko chinna-bhinna kara diyaa| kerala, mAlavA, gujarAta, citrakUTa (bundela khaNDa) ke vindyAdri, pallava, zAntara evaM veMgI ke cAlukya rAja Adi rAjAoM ko yuddha meM parAsta kara apane rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjya kI sImAoM kA vindya se lekara kAJcI tathA mAlavA se lekara gujarAta taka vistAra kara liyaa| gujarAta ke antargata lAyA huprA nava vijita lATa pradeza -- isane apane laghu bhrAtA indrarAja ko pradAna kara use vahAM kA zAsaka banA diyaa| govinda tRtIya ne apane pitA dhra va dvArA aneka varSoM se bandI banAye gaye gaMgavaMza ke satrahaveM rAjA zivamAra ko mukta kara diyA thA, kintu usakI rASTrakUTa rAjya virodhI gatividhiyoM se aprasanna ho usane use punaH bandI banA liyaa| kAlAntara meM usane pallava rAjA nandivarmA ke sthAna para gaMgarAjA zivamAra ko punaH rAjya siMhAsana para prArUr3ha kara diyA / rASTrakUTa vaMzI isa rAjA ne zaka saM0 735 (vi0 saM0 813) meM apane gaMga vaMzIya sAmanta cAkirAja kI prArthanA para jAla maMgala nAmaka eka gAMva yApanIya saMghAntargata nandisaMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke yApanIya prAcArya arka kIti ko dAna svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| arkakIti ne inake sAmanta vibhavAditya ko zani kI pIr3A se unmukta kiyA thaa|' 1 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha saMkhyA 124 Page #350 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 262 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 isake zAsanakAla meM usake bar3e bhAI kamba kA gaMga pradeza para rAjya rhaa| I. san 807 meM jisa samaya kamba kA talavana nagara meM zivira thA, usa samaya usane apane putra zaMkara garaNa kI prArthanA para jainAcArya varddhamAna ko eka grAma kA dAna diyaa|' . uparicarcita lekha saMkhyA 123 ke ullekhAnusAra govinda tRtIya kI AjJA se rajAvaloka zauca kammadeva (govinda tRtIya ke bhAI) ne penaDiyara nAmaka grAma ko kara vimukta kara mahAsAmanta zrI vijaya dvArA nirmApita mAnyapura (malakher3a) ke dakSiNI bhAga meM avasthita jinendra bhagavAna ke mandira ke liye koMNDa kundAnvaya zAlmalI garaNa ke toraNAcArya ke praziSya prA. prabhAcandra ko zaka saM. 724 I. san 802-803 meM dAna meM diyA / isane mayUra khaNDI (mora khaNDa) nAsika ke antargata rAjadhAnI meM rahane hue zAsana kiyaa| 11. amoghavarSa prathama-sarva (kakka)-nRpatuMga (I. san 814-875)isane mAnyakheTa ko apane rAjya kI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| isane yuddha kSetra meM cAlukyoM ko karArI hAra dI jisase vivaza ho cAlukyoM ko viMguvallI meM isake sAtha sandhi karanI pdd'ii| isane zAntara (zilAhAra) rAjavaMza ke rAjA kapadi ko koMkaraNa kA kSetra bheMTa svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| yaha bahuta bar3e bhUbhAga kA sArvabhauma sattA sampanna zaktizAlI zAsaka thaa| gRha kalaha ke pariNAmasvarUpa isake rAjya meM tIna bAra bhayaMkara vidroha hue kintu isane una sabhI vidrohoM ko kucala diyaa| tIsarA vidroha bar3A hI ugra thaa| kyoMki isa vidroha meM amoghavarSa ke uttarAdhikArI kRSNa dvitIya ne bhI prArambha meM vidrohiyoM kA sAtha diyA thaa| amoghavarSa ne apane sAmanta vanavAsI ke zAsaka baMkeya ko isa vidroha kA damana karane kI AjJA pradAna kii| baMkeya ke raNAMgaNa meM pahuMcate hI kRSNa (dvitIya.) ne vidrohiyoM kA sAtha chor3a diyA aura baMkeya ne vidrohiyoM ke durga ko apane raNa kauzala se jIta kara vidroha ko kucala diyA / baMkeya ne aneka vidrohiyoM ko bandI banA liyA aura aneka ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyaa| baMkeya ke isa adbhuta zaurya se prasanna ho amoghavarSa ne use zaka saM. 772 (I. san 860) meM jaba ki ve mAnyakheTapura meM senA kA par3Ava DAle hue the, baMkeya dvArA kolanUra nirmApita jina mandira ke lie taleyUra nAmaka pUrA grAma aura katipaya anya grAmoM kI kRSi yogya bhUmiyAM devendra muni ko dAna svarUpa pradAna kii| isa baMkeya ke nAma para bakApura basAyA gyaa| uttara purANa ke ullekha se yaha siddha hotA hai ki rASTrakUTa vaMza kA 11vAM rAjA yaha amoghavarSa jaina dharma kA prabala saMrakSaka maisora ga. riporTa man 1920 pR03 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, pR. 241-250 lekha saM0 127 2 Page #351 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 263 jaina dharmAnuyAyI evaM parama jinabhakta thA / ' amoghavarSa ke dharma guru saMgha ke bhaTTAraka jina senAcArya the jinhoMne zaka saM. 756 (vi. saM. 862) I. san 837 meM kaSAya prAbhRta para jaya dhavalA nAmaka vizAla TIkA graMtha kI racanA kii| inhoMne Adi purANa aura pAzrvAbhyudaya nAmaka kAvya graMtha kI bhI racanA kii| uttara purANa meM guNabhadrAcArya ke ullekhAnusAra rAjA amoghavarSa apane guru jina senAcArya ko praNAma kara apane Apako dhanya mAnatA thaa| mahArAjAdhirAja gramoghavarSa parama jina bhakta hone ke sAtha eka samartha kavi aura udbhaTa vidvAna bhI thaa| usane ratnamAlikA , (praznottara mAlikA) aura 'kavirAjamArgAlaMkAra' nAmaka do granthoM kI racanA kii| praznottaramAlikA kA usa samaya tibbatI bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA gayA thaa| yaha dakSiNa se uttara taka lokapriya rhii| ratnamAlikA meM svayaM amoghavarSa ne nimnalikhita padya dvArA saMsAra se svayaM ke virakta hone aura rAjasiMhAsana ke tyAga kA ullekha kiyA hai : ... vivekAttyakta rAjyena, rAjJeyaM rtnmaalikaa| racitAmoghavarSeNa, sudhiyAM sadalaMkRtiH / / isa ullekha se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki amoghavarSa ne rAjya-pATa ko svecchApUrvaka tyAgakara munidharma svIkAra kiyA ho| isa rAjA ke zAsanakAla meM dakSiNApatha ke suvizAla kSetra meM jaina dharma kI ullekhanIya unnati huI / 12. kRSNa dvitIya-akAlavarSa-kannara-kandaravallabha-kRSNavallabha-zubhatugaparamezvara-parama bhaTTAraka-pRthvIvallabha-I. san 875-612 tripurA athavA tevAra ke cedivaMza kI kalacarI zAkhA ke rAjA kokkala kI rAjakumArI se isakA vivAha huA / pUrvI cAlukyoM ke sAtha isakA yuddha calatA rahA / lekha saMkhyA 140 ke anusAra nAgara khaNDa sattara ke sAmanta sattarama nAgArjuna kI mRtyu ho jAne para isa rAjA ne usakI patnI jakkiyabbe ko pAvanabara aura nAgara khaNDa zattara kA rAjya pradAna kiyA / lagabhaga 6 varSa taka jakkiyabve vahAM zAmana karatI rhii| umane jakkavi ke jina mandira ko 7 mattala cAvala kI bhUmi pradAna kI aura anta meM I. san 618 meM umane zravaNa belagola meM jAkara sallegvanApUrvaka samAdhi maggA kA varaNa kiyA / 13. govinda caturtha-jagattu ga-prabhUta varSa (I. san 612-613) / isakA pahalA vivAha apane mAmA raga vigraha (kokkala cedirAja) kI putrI lakSmI se aura dUsarA vivAha zaMkara gagaNa (saMbhavata: ragaNa vigraha ke choTe bhAI ) kI putrI govindmm| me huvaa| Amoghavarsha I was the Greatest patron of the Digambara Jains and there is no reason to doubt that he. Studies in South Indian Jainism by Ms Ramaswami & B Rao chapter VII JBBRAS XII Page so Page #352 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 294 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 14. indra-nIti varSa-(I. san 616-630) isakA vivAha bhI isake mAmA ammana (arjuna ke putra aura kokkala ke pautra) kI putrI dvijAmbA se huvA / isane kannoja para AkramaNa kara kucha samaya ke lie vahA~ ke rAjA mahipAla ko rAjasiMhAsana se apadastha kara diyaa| 15. govinda-suvarNa varSa-vallabha narendra-gojjiga-nRpatuga-vIranArAyaNa-raTTakandarpa / isakA zAsana I. san 630 se 633 taka rhaa| 16. kRSNa............"yaha 13veM rAjA jagattuga (kRSNa caturtha) kA putra thA / yaha I. san '633 meM rASTrakUTa rAjya ke siMhAsana para baitthaa| isakA rAjya kaba taka rahA, isa sambandha meM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 17 amoghavarSa (kRSNa kA choTA bhAI)-isakA vivAha tripurA ke kalacurI vaMza ke yuvarAja kI putrI kundaka devI se hayA / isake rAjyakAla kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotA / isake pazcAt isakA bar3A putra khoTiga rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna huvA / 18, khoTTiga-koTTiga-nityavarSa-isake koI santati nahIM huI ataH I. san 645 meM isake pazcAt isakA choTA bhAI kRSNa rASTrakUTa rAjya ke rAjya siMhAsana para baitthaa| 16. kRSNa (khoTiga kA choTA bhAI) kannara, akAlavarSa aura nirupama-ye upAdhi paraka nAma bhI isake upalabdha hote haiN| isakA zAsana kAla I. san 145 se . 656 taka rhaa| isa rAjA ke samaya meM somadeva, puSpadanta, indranandi Adi aneka bar3e-bar3e jainAcArya hue / yaha rASTrakUTa vaMza kA eka pratApI rAjA thaa| isane rAjAditya cola ko I. san 946 meM yuddha meM parAsta kiyaa| saMbhavataH zaiva dharmAvalambI coloM ke atyAcAroM se pIDita jaina saMgha kI rakSArtha yaha yuddha huaA hogA, aisA vidvAnoM dvArA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / isake zAsana kAla meM kalacurI rAjA vallAla jaina dharma kA parityAga kara zaiva bana gayA aura jaina saMgha para atyAcAra karane lgaa| isa rAjA kRSNa ne apane sAle mArasiMha (gaMga vaMza ke 24 veM rAjA) ko saMbhavata: usake yauvarAjya kAla meM bar3I senA dekara vallAla para AkramaNa kiyA / gaMga yuvarAja mArasiMha ne vallAla ko parAjita kara ThIka usI prakAra jaina saMgha kI rakSA kI jisa prakAra ki bhikkhurAya khAravela ne puSyamitra zuMga para aAkramaNa kara jainoM kI rakSA kI thiiN| 20. kakka-karka dvitIya-amoghavarSa-kakkala-karkara-vallabha narendra-napataga I. san 656-672 / isane gurjaro, hUNoM, coloM aura pANDyoM para vijaya prApta kI 1 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 pR. 16 21 lekha maMgyA 38 Page #353 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 265 kintu I. san 672 meM dhArA ke paramAra rAjA harSa siyAla ka dvArA parAsta ho gyaa|' isakI putrI jakabbe apara nAma jAkaladevI isI cAlukyarAja taila ko vyAhI gaI thii| rASTrakUTa vaMza ke 20veM rAjA karka-amoghavarSa kI parAjaya evaM rASTrakUTa rAjya kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa ke patana ke sAtha hI jaina dharma ke prabala poSaka rASTrakUTa vaMza ke zaktizAlI sAmrAjya kA sUrya asta prAyaH ho gyaa| ___ kavi dhanapAla ne apanI mahatvapUrNa kRti "pAiya lacchI nAma mAlA" nAmaka graMtha ko prazasti meM rASTrakUTa rAjya ke aMta evaM mAnya kheTa ke patana kI isa aitihAsika ghaTanA kA kAla nirdeza ke sAtha nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai : vikkama kAlassa gae, auNattIsuttare sahasmaMmi / mAlavarida dhADIe lUDie mannakheDaMmi / / dhArA nayarIe pariThie Na, magge ThiyAe araNavajje / kajje kariNa bahiNIe, sUdarI nAma dhijjaae| kaiNo aMdhajaNa kiMvA kusalatti payAraNamaMtiyA vnnnnaa| nAmaMmi jassa kamaso,teNesA viraiyA desI / / rASTrakaTa vaMza ke rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI mAnyamveTapUra ke patana ke samara ke isa prAcIna ullekha me bhI isa aitihAsika tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki rASTrakUTa vaMza kA dakSiNa meM jo jaina dharma poSaka evaM zaktizAlI rAjya thA vaha vikrama maM0 1026 I0 san 172 meM samApta ho gayA / mAnyakheTapura ke patana para apabhraNa, saMskRta aura jaina darzana meM prakANDa paNDita mahAkavi puSpadaMta ne apane antastala ke zokodgAra prakaTa karate hA bade hI mArmika zabdoM meM kahA hai : dInAnAthadhanaM madA bahajanaM protphullavallIvanaM, mAnyAgveTapura purandarapurIlIlAharaM mundaram / dhArAnAtha narendra kopazikhinA, dagdhaM vidagdhapriyaM / kvedAnIMvasati kariSyati punaH zrI puSpadantaH kaviH / / tra kSitINe na pani pradIpe. pracaNDa ne lappa mamIragona / vidhyApite duppamakAla bhAvAt kathAvaNepe mani raTTa rAjye / / 15 / / zilAhAra gajA apagajina dvArA diye gaye dAna kA tAmrapatra zaka maM. 615 I. mana 663 Important Inscription, from the Baroda State, Vol I, Page 58 Page #354 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 266 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ___ jo mAnya kheTanagara dIna dukhiyoM evaM anAthoM kA prAzA kendra kalpataru aura bahujana saMkula thA, jisakI puSpavATikAeM sadA puSpoM se surabhita evaM harI bharI rahatI thI, jo apanI anupama zobhA se saundarya meM alakApUrI ko bhI tiraskRta karatA thA, vaha vidvavanda kA prANoM se priya pUra Aja dhArAdhipati ke kopAnala se jala gayA hai / hA ! aba puSpadaMta kavi kahAM nivAsa karegA? harSa siyAka ke lauTa jAne para gaMgarAja mArasiMha dvitIya ne khoTiMga ko I. san 973 meM punaH mAnyakheTa ke siMhAsana para baitthaayaa| kintu kucha hI dinoM taka rAjya karane ke pazcAta khoTiMga kI mRtyu ho gaI aura khoTiMga kA bhatIjA (kaSNa kA putra) karka dvitIya IsvI san 673 meM rAjya siMhAsana para baiThA / kucha hI mahIne pazcAt cAlukyarAja taila dvitIya ne karka dvitIya ko parAjita kara mAnyakheTapura para adhikAra kara liyA |kRssnn tRtIya ne karka ko taradAvAdi kI jAgIra pradAna kI aura vaha vahIM rahane lgaa| . isa prakAra jaina dharma ke prabala poSaka, dIna dukhiyoM aura anAthoM ke AzA kendra mahAkaviyoM evaM vidvAnoM ke prAzrayadAtA rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjAmoM ke anta evaM mAnyakheTa ke patana ke sAtha hI dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha kA eka bahuta bar3A sabala sambala samApta ho gyaa| rASTrakUTa vaMza ke sudIrgha zAsanakAla meM dakSiNApatha meM jaina dharma ullekhanIya rUpeNa puSpita-pallavita aura uttarottara abhyutthAna ke patha para agrasara ho rahA thA / rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ke rAjya ke samApta hote hI na kevala usakI pragati meM pravarodha mAyA apitu uttarottara usakA hrAsa honA prArambha ho gyaa| ___ yadyapi I0 san 172 (vi0 saM0 1026) meM mAnya kheTa ke patana ke sAtha hI rASTrakUTa vaMza kA rAjya samApta ho gayA tathApi isa vaMza ke 20 veM rAjA karkarAja ke putra 21 veM rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA indra kA nAma I0 san 182 taka upalabdha hotA hai| __ lekha saM0 38 meM ullekha hai ki gaMgavaMza ke 24 veM rAjA mArasiMha dvitIya ne rASTrakaTa vaMza ke 20 veM rAjA karka ke putra indra kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA, jo mArasiMha dvitIya kA bhAnajA thA / lekha saM0 57 meM ullekha hai ki indrarAja gaMgagAGgaya (satya vAkya rAcamalla kI upAdhi) kA dauhitra aura rAjA rAja cUDAmaNi kA dAmAda thA / rAjA indra 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekha saMkhyA 38 va 57 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, ke zaka saM0 604 (I0 san 682) ke lekha saMkhyA 58 meM ullekha hai ki rAjA rAja cUDAmaNi mArga malla ne apane eka bhAvana gandha hasti nAmaka vIra yoddhA ko usake anupama zaurya ke upalakSa meM apanI senA kA nAyaka banAyA thA / Page #355 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAmoM ke sahayogI rAjavaza | [ 267 rAja raTTa kandarpa, rAja mArtaNDa Adi aneka upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita thA / vaha ghor3e para baiThakara daNDa se geMda kA khela khelane vAloM meM parama niSNAta aura advitIya thaa| indrarAja ne zaka saM0 604 (I0 san 182) kI caitra zuklA 8 ko bhomavAra ke dina samAdhi maraNa kA varaNa kiyaa| gandhavAraNavasti ke isa stambha lekha se do mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya prakAza meM Ate haiN| pahalA to yaha ki Aja se 1000 varSa pahale Ajakala ke polo jaisA koI khela khelA jAtA thaa| usa khela meM aneka azvArohI daNDa se geMda khelate the| dUsarA mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya yaha prakAza meM AtA hai ki I. sa. 972 meM rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI malakher3a ke patana ke pazcAt bhI rASTrakaTa vaMza kA dakSiNa meM karNATaka ke kisI bhU-bhAga para I. san 182 taka zAsana rhaa| 21-indra-raTTa kandarpa deva-rAja mArtaNDa-kAlika kolmaNDa Adi-Adi aneka virudoM kA dhAraka indra nAmaka rAjA huA / indra ne zravaNa belagula meM I. san 982 meM saMllekhanA-samAdhi pUrvaka prANoM kA parityAga kiyaa| indra ke pazcAt karNATaka meM isa rAjavaMza ke anya rAjA kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| rASTrakUTa vaMzI rAjAoM ke zAsana kAla meM jaina dharma evaM jaina saMgha ke sAthasAtha jaina sAhitya kI bhI prabhUtapUrva unnati huI / akalaMka kI 'aSTazatI', vidyAnandi kI 'praSTasahasrI', mANikya nandi kA parIkSAmukha sUtra', isa para prabhAcandra kA vizada TIkA grantha 'prameya kamala mArtaNDa', mallavAdI kA naya cakra, vIrasena kA SaTkhaNDAgama para 72 hajAra zloka pramANa dhavalA nAmaka mahAna grantha, vIra sena aura jaya sena kA kaSAya pAhur3a para 'jaya dhavalA' nAmaka mahAna TIkA grantha, jina sena aura guNa bhadra kA Adi purANa, jina sena kA 'pArvAbhyudaya' nAmaka kAvya, guNa bhadra kA 'uttara purANa' aura AtmAnuzAsana, rASTrakUTa vaMzI mahArAjA amoghavarSa kA 'kavirAjamArga' aura 'praznottara mAlikA', apabhraMza ke mahAkavi puSpadanta kA 'mahApurANa' aura 'yazodhara kAvya', somadeva kA 'yazastilaka campa', vAdIbha siMha udaya deva kA kSetra cUr3AmaNi' evaM 'gadya cintAmaNi', indranandi kA loka priya 'jvAlA mAlinI stotra' Adi jaina sAhitya mahodadhi ke grantha ratna isI rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjya kAla kI divya dena haiN| rASTra kUTa vaMza ke rAjAmoM ke zAsana kAla meM pampa, ratna, Asaga, cAmuNDa rAya Adi kannar3a bhASA ke jaina kaviyoM ne kannar3a bhASA meM abhinava ucca koTi ke sAhitya kA nirmANa kara kannar3a ko samRddha bhASA banA saMsAra kI pratiSThita bhASAoM meM use sthAna dilaayaa| jaina sAhitya ke nirmANa kI dRSTi se rASTrakUTa vaMzI rAjAoM ke zAsana kAla ko sAhitya sajana kA svarNayuga kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| Page #356 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 298 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 hoyasala rAjavaza I0 san 972 meM cAlukya rAja tela dvArA rASTrakUTa vaMza ke 20 veM rAjA karka rAja dvitIya (apara nAma amogha varSa, vallabha narendra, nRpatuMga) ke parAjita hone aura rASTrakUTa rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI mAnya kheTa (malakher3a) ke patana ke pazcAt jaina saMgha kucha samaya taka rAjyAzraya se vaMcita rahA / vaha samaya vastutaH dhArmika pratidvandvitA kA yuga thaa| sudIrghAvadhi se rAjyAzraya prApta jaina saMgha jaba IsA kI dazavIM zatAbdi ke antima caturtha caraNa meM rAjyAzraya vihIna ho gayA to zaivoM evaM vaiSNava dharmAvalambiyoM ne rAjyAzraya prApta kara jaina saMgha ke pracAra-prasAra meM aneka prakAra ke avarodha upasthita karane kA krama prArambha kara diyaa| anya dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM upasthita kiye gaye avarodhoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa dakSiNa kA prAcIna aura sabala jaina saMgha zanaiH zanaiH kSINa hone lgaa| jaina dharma ke isa prakAra ke hrAsonmukhI pravAha ko punaH pUrvavat vikAsonmukha kaise banAyA jAya, kyA-kyA upAya kiye jAyaM-yaha eka jvalanta samasyA jaina saMghAgraNiyoM ke samakSa upasthita huii| manISI prAcAryoM ne isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke liye cintana kiyaa| tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke sambandha meM vicAra manthana karatekarate isI niSkarSa para pahu~ce ki kaTutApUrNa dhArmika pratidvandvitA evaM dhArmika asahiSNUtA ke yuga meM dRr3ha jaina dharmAvalambI kisI sazakta rAjA kA rAjyAzraya prApta karake hI isa prakAra ke saMkrAnti kAla meM anya dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA rAjyAzraya ke bala para kiye jAne vAle jaina dharma ke hrAsa ko roka sakate haiN| jaina dharma ke abhyutthAna ke utkaTa AkAMkSI aneka manISI usa dina kI pratIkSA karane lage jaba ki koI puruSasiMha jaina saMgha ke utkarSa kI Antarika utkaTa AkAMkSA liye abhinava rAjya zakti ke sAtha ubhara kara Age Ave / paropakAraka vratI manasvI mahAtmAoM kI Antarika abhilASAeM adhika samaya taka apUrNa nahIM rahatI, ve lambI pratIkSA na karavA svalpAvadhi meM hI puSpitapallavita ho vRhadAkAra dhAraNa kara virATa svarUpA ho jAtI haiM / rAjyAzraya se vaMcita jaina saMgha ko saMrakSaNa pradAna karane vAlA koI udIyamAna vara zArdUla Age Aye aura eka sudRr3ha prabala rAja zakti ke rUpa meM udita ho jina dharma ko rAjyAzraya pradAna kare-isa prakAra kI utkaTa abhilASA ko antarmana meM saMjoye sudatta nAmaka eka jainAcArya vikaTa vanya pradeza meM aGgar3i nAmaka sthAna para sAdhanA virata the / usa samaya eka yAdava vaMzI kizora vaya kA rAjakumAra usa sthAna para aayaa| usane bhakti sahita prAcArya sudatta ko vandana kiyA aura unake sammukha baiTha gyaa| prAcArya deva ke iMgita para usane apanA nAma sala batAyA / Page #357 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 266 manIndra ne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA ki isa kSatriya kizora meM unakI pAzAtroM ke anurUpa sabhI zubha lakSaNa vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra vicAra kara ve puna: padmAvatI devI kI sAdhanA meM lIna ho gaye aura kSatriya rAja kizora unake mukhAra vinda kI ora apalaka nihAratA huA unake samakSa baiThA rahA / kucha hI kSaNoM ke anantara siMha kI garjanA se vaha sthAna guMjarita ho uThA / dhyAna ke pAraNa ke sAtha jyoM hI prAcArya sudatta ne palakeM kholI to dekhA ki eka karAla kesarI siMha una donoM kI ora jhapaTA calA A rahA hai| apane sthAna para nirbhaya aDola baiThe kSatriya kumAra ko sambodhita karate hue munIndra sudatta ne usa pradeza kI bhASA meM kahA-- "poya sa l|" arthAt "sala ise maaro|" | prAcArya deva kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara rAja kizora sala ne sudattAcArya kI ora chalAMga mArate hue zera ko eka hI bAra meM Dhera kara sadA ke liye dharAzAyI kara diyaa| yaduvIra sala ke anupama zaurya aura adbhuta sAhasa ko dekha kara AcArya sudatta kI prasannatA kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| unheM vizvAsa ho gayA ki yaha parAkramI puruSa navIna rAjya kI sthApanA karane meM aura rAjya kA svAmI hone ke pazcAt jaina saMgha ko samucita saMrakSaNa dene meM bhI sarvathA sakSama hai / prAcArya sudatta ne usI samaya se usa yAdava kizora ko "poya sala" ke nAma se sambodhita karanA prArambha kara diyaa|' isa kAraNa yaha yAdava rAz2a vaMza poyasala aura kAlAntara meM hoyasala nAma se vikhyAta huaa| AcArya sudatta aura jaina saMgha kI sahAyatA se poya sala ne cAlukyoM ke patana ke samaya unake rAjya ke dakSiNI bhAga para adhikAra kara I0 san 1004 ke pAsapAsa poyasala (hoyasala) rAjya kI sthApanA kii| jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1 ke lekha saM0 56, pRSTha saM0 123-126, lekha saMkhyA 464, 465 (pR. saM. 402-411) aura jaina zilA lekha saMgraha bhAga 2 ke lekha saM0 301 (pRSTha saM0 471 se 482) meM bhI poyasala rAjavaMza ke abhyudaya ke sambandha meM lekha saMkhyA 457 se prAyaH milatA-julatA varNana kiyA gayA hai kintu inameM sudatta muni kA nAmollekha na kara unake sthAna para kevala "kisI muni" kA hI ullekha hai| ina lekhoM meM poysala athavA hoyasala vaMza kI utpatti mUlataH brahmA se batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki brahmA se atri, atri se soma, unase pururavA unase Ayu, Ayu se jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3, lekha saM0 457 pRSTha 301-306 / The Hoyasalas came to power on the subversion of the Gangas by the Cholas, in 1004 A. D.-Studies in south Indian jainism by M. S. Ramaswami Ayyangar & B. Sheshgiri Rao, Chapter VII Page #358 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 300 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 nahaSa, nahuSa se yayAti aura yayAti se mahArAja yadu utpanna hue / mahArAjA yadu kI rAjavaMza paramparA meM aneka rAjAoM ke pazcAt poyasala rAjya saMsthApaka yAdava sala kA janma huA / sala kI rAjya zrI kI abhivRddhi ke saMkalpa ke sAtha eka jainAcArya ne mantroM dvArA zazakapUra kI padmAvatI devI ko prasanna karane ke lie sAdhanA prArambha kii| eka dina ve jainAcArya jaba sAdhanA meM nirata the aura yAdavavaMzI sala unake pAsa baiThA huA thA, usa samaya eka cIte ne jainAcArya kI sAdhanA ko bhaMga karane hetu una para AkramaNa kiyaa| usa samaya munirAja ne apane cAmara piccha kI mUTha sala ko thamAte hue use kahA-"poya sl|" arthAt - sala! ise maaro| sala ne tatkAla usa cIte ko mAra diyaa| usI samaya se sala kA nAma poysala aura usake paramparAgata yAdava rAjavaMza kA nAma "poysala" loka prasiddha ho gyaa| sala ne apanI rAjyapatAkA para cIte kA cihna lagAyA / ' usI samaya vahAM aMgaDi nAmaka sthAna ke cAroM ora dUra dUra taka basanta Rtu ho gaI athavA vasanta Rtu kA Agamana ho gyaa| poyasala ne ise yakSI (padmAvatI devI) kA kRpA prasAda samajha kara usakA bAsanti devI ke nAma se pUjana kiyaa| yahI padmAvatI devI sala ke samaya se hI poyasala rAjavaMza kI kula devI ke rUpa meM vikhyAta huii| vartamAna kAla meM bhI vahAM vAsanti devI kA mandira vidyamAna hai / hasana tAlluke ke konAvara nAmaka grAma ke kezava mandira meM I0 san 1123 kA eka zilAlekha upalabdha huA hai| usa zilAlekha meM isa ghaTanA kA vivaraNa nimnalikhita rUpa meM upalabdha hai "sala nAmaka eka yaduvaMzI rAjA sahyAdri kI DhAla pahAr3iyoM ke mArga se nikala rahA thA usa samaya usane dekhA ki eka siMha eka sAdhanArata jaina muni kI ora jhapaTa rahA hai / muni ne sala ke zaurya kI parIkSA hetu kahA :-"sala ! ise maaro|" sala ne tatkAla kaTAra ke eka hI vAra se siMha ko mAra ddaalaa| muni ne prasanna ho use poyasala nAma dene ke sAtha-sAtha apanI patAkA para siMha kA cihna lagAne kA parAmarza bhI diyaa|" isa prakAra karNATaka prAnta ke pazcimI ghATa kI pahAr3iyoM ke pradeza meM kAdura jile ke mudegere tAlluka meM jo aMgaDi nAmaka sthAna hai, vahI jaina dharma ke zaktizAlI saMrakSaka, parama jina bhakta evaM niSThAvAna jaina dharmAnuyAyI poyasala rAjavaMza kA udbhava sthAna hai / zrI luisa rAisa ke abhimatAnusAra prAcIna kAla meM yaha aMgaDi nAmaka sthAna sose dUra athavA zazakapura ke nAma se vikhyAta thaa| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ' (ka) Ibid Hn. 116 I0 san 1123 pRSTha 33, Ibid (ii) 132, pRSTha 58, Ibid VBL 171 I0 san 1960 pRSTha 100 para spaSTa ullekha hai -- sala ! ise mAro ! sala ne zera ko eka hI bAra meM sadA ke liye sulA diyA, dUsarI bAra jhapaTane kA avasara hI nahIM diyaa| (kha) lekha saMkhyA 56 meM ullekha hai ki sala ne apane mukuTa para siMha kA cihna dhAraNa kiyA / dekhiye-jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1 pRSTha 126 . Page #359 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAtroM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] ki aMgaDi grAma vastutaH pazcimI ghATa kI pahAr3iyoM ke DhalAna vAle pradeza meM avasthita hai| pazcimI cAlukya vaMza ke rAjA tela dvArA jaina dharma ke prabala saMrakSaka rASTrakUTa vaMza ke malakheDa rAjya kA anta kara diye jAne ke pazcAt dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha ke rAjyAzraya vihIna ho jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa aneka prakAra kI kaThinAiyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha anya dharmAvalambI rAjAoM evaM ajaina prajA meM ugrarUpa se bar3hatI huI dhArmika asahiSNutA ke phala svarUpa jaina saMgha kA na kevala vikAsa hI avaruddha huA apitu usakA zana-zana hrAsa bhI hone lagA thaa| usa saba se hoyasala rAjavaMza jaise jaina dharma ke prabala samarthaka evaM saMrakSaka zaktizAlI rAjya ke abhyudaya se jaina saMgha ko bar3I bhArI zAnti milii| hoyasala rAjya kA bala pAkara jaina saMgha kA manobala bar3hA aura vaha punaH dviguriNata utsAha evaM gati se abhivRddha hone lgaa| hoyasala rAjavaMza aura jainasaMgha-donoM hI eka dUsare kI abhivRddhi ko apanI abhivRddhi samajhakara paraspara eka dUsare kI unnati-abhivRddhi ke liye hoyasala rAjya ke prArambha se lekara anta taka pUrNataH prayatnazIla rhe| hoyasala rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM ne jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra evaM usake varcasva kI abhivRddhi tathA jaina saMgha para kisI prakAra ke saMkaTa ke upasthita hone para usa saMkaTa se jaina dharma kI rakSA ke liye aneka ullekhanIya kArya kiye-isa bAta kI mUka sAkSI dakSiNApatha ke vibhinna kSetroM se bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM upalabdha prAcIna zilAlekha, tAmra patra, vasadiyAM, mandira aura bhavya jina bhavanoM ke dhvaMsAvazeSa vartamAna yuga meM bhI dete haiN| jaina dharma ke prati pragADha niSThAvAna jaina dharma ke prabala samarthaka evaM zaktizAlI saMrakSaka tathA parama jina bhakta hoyasala rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM kA pratha se iti taka kA saMkSipta paricaya yahAM isa abhiprAya se diyA jA rahA hai ki Aja ke yuga kA pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI tIrthakara kAlIna rAjAnoM kA smaraNa dilAne vAle ina hoyalasa rAjAmoM ke dharma prema se preraNA lekara dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha jina zAsana kI sevA kA vrata le ske| jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, isa rAjavaMza kA hoyasala nAma vastutaH sudatta nAmaka eka jainAcArya kA diyA huprA hai| mUlataH isa rAjavaMza ke rAjAgaraNa yAdava vaMzI the| yahApi koI pUrNataH spaSTa ullekha to nahIM milatA kintu sorava meM daNDavatI nadI ke pUrvIya taTa para avasthita avabhRta maNDapa ke stambha para ke zaka saM0 1130 ke lekha saM0 457 (jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3) kI prArambhika tIsarI paMkti se dasavIM paMkti meM jo isa prakAra kA ullekha hai ki kuntala deza ke vanavAse pradeza maura jaladhi pariveSTita anyAnya pradezoM kA svAmI yadukula ke sala ko kuntala deza kA vanavAsa pradeza denA cAhatA thA--use dekhate hue anumAna kiyA Page #360 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 302 ]. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jAtA hai ki poyasala rAjavaMza kA saMsthApaka yAdava vaMzI sala maisUra ke zikArapura jile ke antargata aMgaDi (zazakapura) kSetra kA saMbhavataH cAlukyoM kA adhInastha sAmanta thA / homsala rAjya kA saMsthApaka aura isa rAjavaMza kA prathama rAjA vahI yAdava rAMja sala mAnA gayA hai| hoyasala rAjA sala aura usake vaMza ke rAjAoM kA kramika vivaraNa prAcIna zilAlekhoM se nimnalikhita rUpa meM milatA hai : 1. sala (poyasala)-Upara uddha ta kiye gaye zilAlekhoM meM poyasala athavA hoyasala rAjya kA saMsthApaka aura hoyasala rAjavaMza kA prathama rAjA isa sala ko mAnA gayA hai / sala yAdava vaMzI kSatriya kumAra thA aura sambhavataH apanI kizorAvasthA taka cAlukyoM kA adhInastha sAmanta thaa| sala zazakapura maisUra ke antargata jilA kAdura ke mudagere (zikArapura) tAlluka meM avasthita vartamAna aMgaDi kA zAsaka thaa| yaha sthAna karNATaka prAnta ke pazcimI ghATa kI pahAr3iyoM ke pradeza meM pravasthita hai| poyasala narezoM ne apane prApako 'mala parolagaNDa' arthAt -pahAr3I sAmantoM meM mukhya kahA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki hoyasala vaMzI ye zAsaka dakSiNa meM mUlataH isI pahAr3I pradeza ke nivAsI the| prAcArya sudatta aura saMgha kI sahAyatA se sala ne zazakapura meM svatantra rAjya kI sthApanA kii| jainAcArya sudatta kisa saMgha ke prAcArya the, isa sambandha meM koI prAmANika ullekha adyAvadhi upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, tathApi maisUra, dhAravAr3a, soraba, kupputura, halasI, mAdi kSetroM meM IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI se hI yApanIya saMgha kA ullekhanIya varcasva rahA, isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki sambhavataH prAcArya sudatta yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya hoN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zazakapura pradeza meM apanA svatantra rAjya sthApita karane ke uparAnta bhI hoyasala rAja ke saMsthApaka rAjA sala ne cAlUkyoM ke sAtha acche sambandha banAye rakkhe aura apane Apako cAlukya rAja kA AjJAnuvartI mahAmaNDalezvara prathavA maNDalezvara sAmanta hI mAnate rahe / sala ko rAjadhAnI zazakapura (vartamAna aMgaDi) meM hI rhii| poyasala rAjya ke saMsthApaka rAjA sala ke sambandha meM isase vizeSa vivaraNa adyAvadhi upalabdha nahIM huA hai| poyasala rAjya ke saMsthApaka athavA prathama rAjA sala kA rAjyakAla I. san 1004 se 1022 taka rahA / 2. vinayAditya prathama / isake sambandha meM koI mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 3. nRpa kAma hoyasala rAjavaMza kA rAjA humA / nRpa kAma kA dUsarA nAma Page #361 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAtroM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 303 rAcamala peviDi bhI upalabdha hotA hai|' yadyapi aneka itihAsa vidoM ne poyasala rAjAoM kI nAmAvali meM isa vaMza ke tIsare nareza napa kAma ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiNa hai kintu asikere ke lekha saM0 141 aura 157 meM isa vaMza ke tIsare nareza vinayAditya ke pitA kA nAma napakAma ullikhita hai tathA majarAbAda ke lekha saM. 43, arkalguda ke lekha saM. 76 aura mUdgere ke lekha saM. 16 meM zazakapura para napa kAma ke rAjya ke ullekha Adi purAtAtvika sAkSya se siddha hotA hai ki sala ke pazcAt aura vinayAditya se pahale zazakapura ke hoyasala rAjya para nRpa kAma kA zAsana rhaa| ina aitihAsika mahatva ke zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sala ke pazcAta aura vinayAditya se pUrva poyasala rAjavaMza meM napa kAma athavA kAma nAyaka dUsarA rAjA humA / DA. ke. e. nIlakaNTha zAstrI ne poyasala vaMza ke nRpa kAma nAmaka rAjA kA rAjya kAla I. sana 1022 se 1047 taka mAnA hai| 4. vinayAditya (dvitIya)-napa kAma ke pazcAt usakA putra vinayAditya hoyalasa rAjya kA tIsarA nareza huaa| vinayAditya isa vaMza kA bar3A pratApI rAjA thaa| yaha cAlukya rAja vikramAditya-chaThe kA vaza vartI rAjA thaa| isake guru kA nAma prAcArya zAnti deva muni thA / pArzvanAtha vasati ke eka stambha lekha (zaka saM0 / 1050 tadnusAra I. san 1128) ke zloka saM0 51 ke anusAra muni zAnti deva ke kRpA prasAda se vinayAditya lakSmI kA svAmI bnaa|' yaha rAjA parama jina bhakta thaa| isakI jina bhakti aura isake dvArA kiye gaye dhAmika kAryoM kI prazaMsA karate hue gandhavAraNa vasati ke dvitIya maNDapa ke tRtIya stambha para uTTa kita zaka saM0 1050 (I. san 1128) ke lekha meM batAyA gayA hai ki rAjA vinayAditya ne bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM tAlAboM evaM jina mandiroM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| vizAla jina mandiroM ke nirmANa hetu IMToM ke liye jisa-jisa sthAna para bhUmi ko khodA gayA, vahAM vizAla sarovara bana gaye aura jinendra prabhu ke mandiroM ke nirmANArtha jina parvatoM se patthara nikAle gaye ve parvata prAdhe ho gye| jina mAgoM se IMTa, cUnA aura pattharoM robarTa sevala dvArA likhita hisTorikala inskripzansa mApha sadarna iNDiyA, pR. 351 epigrAphikA karNATikA jilda 5 dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa, DaoN. ke. e. nIlakaNTha zAstrI, hindI anuvAda DaoN. vIrendra varmA, pRSTha 161. epigrAphikA karNATikA Vol. II (2nd eDIzana) pR. 53 paMkti, 146-148 jaina zilAlekha magraha, bhAga 1 lekha maM. 58 (67), pRSTha 110 Page #362 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 se bharI gAr3iyAM nikalIM ve saba mArga bhArAkAnta mAr3iyoM ke nirantara AvAgamana ke pariNAmasvarUpa gahana ghATiyoM ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gaye / ' pinayAditya ne mantAvara meM eka nahara pahuMcAI aura dUsarI bAra jaba vaha mantAvara ke pArzvastha parvata para sthita vasadi meM gayA to vahAM ke nivAsiyoM kI prArthanA para pAsa ke grAma meM bhI vasadi kA aura vasadi ke Asa-pAsa bhavanoM kA nirmANa karavA kara grAma ke karoM kA vasadi ke liye dAna kiyA evaM usa vasadi kA nAma RSi halli rkhaa| - vinayAditya ne apane 16 varSa ke zAsana kAla meM jaina saMgha kI zrIvRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha hoyasala rAjya kI sImAoM kA bhI dUra-dUra taka vistAra kiyaa| isakI mahArAnI-keleyavvarasI bhI parama jina bhakta aura bar3I hI zraddhAniSTha evaM dAnI mahilA thii| keleyavvarasI ne samaya para eka putra ko janma diyaa| usakA nAma ereyaMga rakhA gyaa| vinayAditya ke zAsana kAla meM jaina dharma khUba phlaa-phuulaa| aMgaDi se prApta lekha saM0 200 ke ullekhAnusAra (jaina zilA lekha bhAga 2 pRSTha 245-46) rAjA vinayAditya ke guru zAnti deva ne aMgaDi meM zaka saM. 184 (I. san 1062) kI prASADhI pUrNimA ke dina sanyasta-saMstAraka (mana zana) aMgIkAra kara zrAvaNa......... ke dina svargArohaNa kiyaa| rAjA aura nagara ke vyApAriyoM ne rASTrasanta apane guru zAnti deva kA smAraka bnvaayaa| hoyasala rAjavaMza ke tIsare rAjA isa vinayAditya kA rAjya I. san 1047 se 1063 taka rhaa| isake zAsana kAla ke aneka zilA lekha upalabdha hue haiN| 5-ereyaMga-yaha hoyasala rAjavaMza kA cauthA rAjA huA / vinayAditya ke pazcAt I. san 1063 meM yaha zazakapura ke rAja siMhAsana para baitthaa| ereyaMga kI paTarAnI kA nAma ecala devI thaa| ye donoM rAja dampati parama jina bhakta the| ina donoM ne jaina saMgha kI zrIvRddhi evaM abhivRddhi ke liye aneka kArya kiye / zravaNa belagola-akbanA vasadi ke eka zilAlekha (saM. 444 [327]). ereyaMga ko apratima yoddhA aura cAlukya rAja kA dakSiNa bhujadaNDa batAyA gayA hai| bhaNDAra vasadi (zravaNa belagola) ke zilAlekha saMkhyA 481 (346) ke ullekhAnusAra rAjA ereyaMga svayaM bar3A vidvAn hone ke sAtha-sAtha vidvAnoM kI vidvattA ' jana zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1, lekha saM. 53 (143) pR. 58 2 ema. e. bhAra (masora prArkolojikala riporTa For 1932P/--172-174 3 dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa, nIla kaNTha zAstrI, pRSTha 196 .. 4 epi grAphikA karNATikA, bhAga 2, pRSTha 268-273 mora pRSTha 501 Page #363 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya-paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 305 kI parakha karane meM bar3A hI nipuNa aura apane samaya kA apratima yoddhA thA / isa zilAlekha ke ullekhAnusAra isane dhArA nagarI para AkramaNa kara mAlava rAja ko parAjita kiyA, colarAja kI zaktizAlI senA ko yuddha meM parAjita evaM chinna-bhinna kara raraNAMgaraNa se palAyana karane ke liye vivaza kara diyA / cakra goTTa ko naSTa-bhraSTa karane ke pazcAt kaliMga rAja kA samUloccheda kara DAlA / ' ereyaMga ne hoysala rAjya kI sImAoM kA ullekhanIya vistAra kiyA / isane cAlukya rAja ke liye aneka yuddha kiye aura mAlava, kaliMga Adi rAjya zaktiyoM ko raNabhUmi meM parAsta kiyA / "hale belgola kI bhagnAvazeSa vasadi se prApta zilAlekha saM. 568 ke ullekhAnusAra zaka saM0 1015 ( I. san 1093 ) ke Asa-pAsa sampUrNa gaMga maNDala para hoysala rAjavaMza kA adhikAra thA / isa zilAlekha meM isa bAta kA bhI ullekha hai ki hoysala rAja ereyaMga ke dharmaguru AcArya gopanandI paNDita deva bar3e hI vicakSaraNa pratibhAzAlI mahAn vAdI, mahAn dharma prabhAvaka aura lokapriya jainAcArya the / koNDa kundAnvaya mUla saMgha aura dezI gaNa ke ina AcArya gopanandI ne apane samakAlInaajaina vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara hoysala rAja kI sahAyatA se jaina dharma ko punaH gaMga rAjavaMza ke zAsana kAla ke samAna hI sarvocca pratiSThita pada para pratiSThApita kiyA / ereyaMga ne apane ina guru ko kobappu pahAr3I tIrtha kI vasadiyoM ke punaruddhAra mandiroM kI sevApUjA, anna-vastra dAna Adi ke liye rAcana halla aura belgola 12 kA dAna diyA / yaha zilAlekha hoysala mahArAjA ereyaMga ke rAjyAroharaNa ke 30 veM varSa kA hai / ereyaMga ne apane samaya kI pramukha par3osI rAjazaktiyoM para apane adbhuta pauruSa - parAkrama kI yuddhoM meM aisI gaharI chApa jamAI ki inakA zeSa zAsana kAla bar3I zAnti ke sAtha vyatIta huA / ereyaMga kA zAsana kAla I. san 1063 se 1100 I. taka rahA / isake zAsana kAla meM jaina saMgha khUba phalA-phUlA aura jaina dharma kI dakSiNa meM ullekhanIya unnati huI / rAjA ereyaMga apane anupama zaurya ke kAraNa 'tribhuvanamalla' ke viruda se bhI vikhyAta huA / ereyaMga kI paTarAnI ecala devI ne kramazaH vallAla, viSNu aura udayAditya nAmaka tIna putroM ko janma diyA / hoysala vaMza meM mahArAja ereyaMga hI prathama rAjA thA, jisane 'vIra gaMga' yaha upAdhi dhAraNa kI, jise uttaravartI prAyaH sabhI hoysala rAjAoM ne bar3I zAna ke sAtha dhAraNa kiyA / 1 epigrAphikA kararNATikA, bhAga 2, pRSTha 516 2 vahI, pRSTha 54 8- 546, isa lekha meM gopanandi ko caturmukha deva kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai / gavarnamenTa oriyanTala menuskripTsa lAyabrarI, madrAsa yUnivarsiTI meM prApta "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" nAmaka hastalikhita grantha ke 262 veM zloka meM eka gopanandi bhaTTAraka kA nAma ullikhita hai, jo bhaTTAraka jayakIrti ke ziSya the / Page #364 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 306 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 6 - vallAla prathama / hoysala rAjavaMza kA pAMcavAM rAjA vallAla prathama huA / apane pitA ereyaMga kI mRtyu ke pazcAt ballAla I. san 1100 meM rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA aura isane 1110 I. taka rAjya kiyA / " siddharavasadi ke stambha lekha meM ullekha hai ki rAjA ballAla apanI vijaya vAhinI ke sAtha jisa samaya zatruoM ko parAsta karate hue vijaya abhiyAna para agra'sara ho rahe the, usa samaya usako akasmAt kisI bhISaraNa vyAdhi ne zrAkrAnta kara liyA aura ve maraNAsanna ho gaye, cArukIrti bhaTTAraka deva ne auSadhopacAra se unakI bhISaNa vyAdhi kA nivAraNa kara ballAla ko mRtyu ke mukha se bacA usake jIvana kI rakSA kI / vallAla prathama ne apanI rAjadhAnI zazapurI ( zazakapura vartamAna aMgaDi ) se belUra meM sthAnAntarita kI / tadanantara ballAla ne samudra ( dora samudra) ko hoysala rAjya kI rAjadhAnI banAyA / 7. viSNuvarddhana / ballAla ke alpakAlIna zAsana ke anantara usakA laghu sahodara viSNuvarddhana I. san 1110 meM hoysala rAjya ke siMhAsana para baiThA / isane, isakI paTarAnI zAntala devI ne aura isake gaMgarAja, boppa, puriNasa, baladevaNa, mariyAne, bharata (dekho lekha saM0 115), aica aura viSNu ina prATha jaina senApatiyoM evaM sabhI vargoM ke prajAjanoM ne jaina dharma kI sarvatomukhI abhivRddhi meM aura jaina dharma ke varcasva ko sarvocca pratiSThA ke pada para pratiSThApita karane ke lie jo apUrva yogadAna diyA, etadviSayaka prAcIna abhilekhoM se jo vivaraNa prApta hotA hai, use par3hate samaya tIrthaMkara kAlIna mahArAjA ceTaka, zreNika, mahArAnI celanA, Adarza jaina senApati varuraNa nAga naTunA, jIrNa zreSThi Adi kI paramAhlAda pradAyinI smRti hRdaya paTala para haThAt ubhara AtI hai / vastuta: viSNuvarddhana hoysala rAjavaMza ke sabhI rAjAoM meM sarvAdhika pratApI, mahAn yoddhA, sAhasI, zaktizAlI aura lokapriya nareza thA / isane hoysala rAjya kI abhivRddhi evaM pratiSThA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma kI pratiSThA meM bhI ullekhanIya 1 bI. e. seneTora ne isakA zAsana kAla 1100 se 1906 hI mAnA hai / dekheM miDiyevala jainijma pRSTha 78 * epigrAphikA karNATakA, bhAga 2, pRSTha 478 tacchiSyo dakSiNA cAryAnvayAmbara vibhAkaraH / cArukIti munIndro'bhUt paNDitAcArya saMjJakaH // 288 // sa eveta prasiddho'bhUtkalikAla gaNezvaraH / ballAla rAya tatprANarakSakaH suprasiddhibhAk // 286 // jainAcArya paramparA mahimA, mekenjI kA saMgraha, madrAsa ( aprakAzita ) jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, lekha saMkhyA 673 Page #365 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAgoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 307 abhivRddhi kii| viSNuvarddhana ne sampUrNa karNATaka pradeza ko cola rAjavaMza ke prAdhipatya se vimukta kara usa para hoyasala rAjavaMza kA Adhipatya sthApita kiyaa| gandhavAraNa basadi ke dvitIya maNDapa ke tRtIya stambha para ukita zaka saM. 1050 ke lekha saM. 53 (143) aura isI vasadi ke pUrva kI ora ke lekha saM. 56 (132-zaka saM. 1045) aura zaka saM. 1081 ke lekha saMkhyA 138 (346) meM viSNuvarddhana ke zaurya aura pratApa kA varNana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki isane yuddhoM meM aneka mANDalika rAjAoM ko parAjita kara hoyasala rAjya kI sImAoM kA bahuta dUra-dUra taka vistAra kiyaa| cakragoTTa, talakADu, nIlagiri, koMgu, naMgali, kolAla, tereyUru, koyatUru, koMgaliya, uccagi, taleyUru, pomburca, bandhAsura, caukavaleya, yendibu, moralAga Adi aneka durbhadya durgoM para apanA adhikAra kara usa samaya kI bar3I se bar3I rAjazaktiyoM ko hataprabha-evaM AzcaryAbhibhUta kara diyaa|' raNanIti vizArada viSNuvardhana ne koyatUra, koMga, rAya, rAyapura, kAJcIpura, vanavAsa, talavanapura, kelapAla evaM aMgarana ke rAjAoM aura cola sAmanta pradiyama evaM pallava narasiMha varmA ko yuddha meM parAjita kara una rAjyoM para apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAI / usa samaya kI bar3I rAja zaktiyAM viSNuvarddhana kA lohA mAnatI thiiN| talakADu, koMga, nagali, gaMgavADI, volambavADI, mAsavADI, huligere, halasige, vanavase, hAnuMgela, aMga, baMga, kuMbhala, madhyadeza, kAJcI, vinIta aura madurA para apanI vijaya-patAkA phaharA una saba para zAsana kiyaa| ___itanA saba kucha hote hae bhI lekha saM. 318 (zaka saM. 1064 I. sana 1142) meM viSNavarddhana ke liye mahA maNDalezvaraM zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai tathA zaka saM. 1050 ke lekha saMkhyA 467 meM 5 inako cAlukya rAja tribhUvana malla kA pAda padmopajIvI mahA maNDalezvara batAyA gayA hai, isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki usa samaya sampUrNa dakSiNApatha meM apane sAhasa-zaurya aura yuddha kauzala kI dhAka jamA dene aura zakti-zAlI svatantra rAjA hote hue bhI hoyasala rAja viSNUvarddhana ne cAlukyoM ke sAtha pIr3hiyoM se cale A rahe madhura sambandha ko usane vikramAditya SaSThama ke rAjyakAla 1076-1126 I. taka to yathAvat banAye rakhakara apane Apako cAlukya sAmrAjya kA sAmanta kahalavAnA hI samucita samajhA / para cAlukya rAja somezvara tRtIya (1126-1138 I.) ke zAsanakAla meM usane 1 2 3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, pRSTha 88-60 aura 123 se 126 vahI-lekha saM. 138 (346) pRSTha 278-281 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha saM. 301, pRSTha 471-482 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3 pRSTha 42-45 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, pRSTha 413-417 5. Page #366 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 308 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 cAlukya rAja se sambandha viccheda kara apane Apako svatantra ghoSita kiyA aura nolambavADI, vanavAsI evaM haMgala kSetroM para adhikAra kara liyA / rAjya vistAra ke liye viSNuvarddhana kA kalyANI ke cAlukyoM ke sAtha yaha saMgharSa somezvara ke donoM putroM - peramA jagadeka malla ( I. san 1938- 50 ) evaM tela tRtIya ( I. san 195063) ke sAtha meM calatA rahA / usane I. san 1946 meM hoysala rAjya kI rAjadhAnI dvAra samudra meM apane jayasiMha nAmaka eka putra ko rakhA aura svayaM baMkApura ( dhAra - vADa) meM rahane lagA / I. san 1947 ke lekha saM. 327 meM viSNuvardhana ke liye "mahA maNDalezvara" ke sAtha-sAtha "malaya cakravartI" kA vizeSaraNa prayukta karate hue usakA rAjya setu (setubandha rAmezvara ) se vindhyAcala taka batAyA gayA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki vaha vizAla rAjya kA svAmI aura zaktizAlI svatantra rAjA thA / ' zrI bI. ela. rAisa ke abhimatAnusAra viSNuvarddhana ne vaiSNava dharma svIkAra kara liyA thA | 3 iNDiyana enTikverI volyUma 2 (san 1873) ke pRSTha saM. 126 se 133 para prakAzita kepTina mekenjI ke zravaraNa belgola sambandhI lekha meM hoysala rAjA viSNuvarddhana ke dharma parivartana ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : ---- "zaka saM. 777 (I. san 855) meM yaha ( zravaraNa belagola ke cAroM ora kA ) pradeza hoyasala vaMzI kSatriya rAjAoM ke adhikAra meM A gayA / zrAditya nAmaka hoysala rAjA ne gommaTeza ke darzana kara isa tIrtha ke prabandha ke liye cAmuNDarAya dvArA pradatta gAvoM ke atirikta 66,000 paigoDA kI vArSika Aya vAle gA~va dAna meM diye aura somagandhAcArya ko gomaTeza kI pUjA aura vahAM ke saba prakAra ke prabandha ke liye bhaTTAraka pada para AsIna kiyA / hoysala nareza Aditya ke pazcAt usake uttarAdhikArI zramara kIrti ballAla ne 5000 paigoDA prativarSa kI Aya ke grAma gommaTeza kI arcA-pUjA evaM prAvazyaka prabandha ke lie dAna meM diye aura tridAma vibudhAnandAcArya ko isake prabandha ke liye maTha kA maThAdhIza bhaTTAraka niyukta kiyA / hoysala nareza amara kIrti ballAla deva dvArA kI gaI yaha vyavasthA 46 varSa taka sucArU rUpa se calatI rahI / tatpazcAt hoysala mahArAjA aMgarAja ne prabhAcandra siddhAMtAcArya ko maThAdhIza bhaTTAraka niyukta kara 56 varSoM taka unake dvArA tIrtha kA samucita prabandha aura deva pUjA Adi vyavasthA ko sucArU rUpeNa calavAyA / tadanantara hoysala nareza pratApa ballAla ne guraNacandrAcArya ko maThAdhIza banA 64 varSoM taka unake tatvAvadhAna 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3, lekha saMkhyA 327, pR. 74-78 2. rAisa maisUra eNDa kurga, pRSTha 66 Page #367 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAmoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 306 meM isa tIrtha kA pUjA-arcA Adi sabhI bhAMti kA prabandha samyaka rItyA sampanna krvaayaa| udayAditya vallAla, vIra vallAla aura gaMgarAya vallAla-ina tIna rAjAoM meM se pratyeka ne gommaTeza tIrtha kI apane zAsanArUr3ha hone se pUrva kI prAya vyavasthA ko yathAvat akSuNNa rakhate hue apanI ora se pAMca-pAMca hajAra paigoDA kI prAya vAle gAMva gommaTeza ko dAna svarUpa abhinava rUpeNa arpita kiye| tadanantara hoysala nRpa beTTa varddhana vallAla deva ne gommaTeza tIrtha kI vyavasthA ke liye 50000 (pacAsa hajAra) paigoDA prativarSa kI Aya ke gAMvoM kA dAna kiyA aura zubhacandrAcArya ko isa tIrtha kI vyavasthA kI dekha-rekha hetu bhaTTAraka pada para maThAdhIza niyukta kiyA / yaha vyavasthA 31 barSoM taka sucArU rUpa se calatI rahI / Age calakara zaka saM. 1036 (tadanusAra I. san 1117) meM isa hoysala nareza veTTa varddhana ne apane vizvAsapAtra parAmarza dAtAoM (mantriyoM) ke parAmarza aura rAmAnujAcArya kI akATya yuktiyoM se 'tapta mudrA' (vaiSNava sampradAya kA cihna) dhAraNa kara liyA aura isa prakAra apane vaMza paramparAgata dharma jaina dharma kA parityAga kara vaiSNava dharmAvalambI bana gyaa| beTa varddhana ne na kevala dharma-parivartana hI kiyA apitu dharma parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha usane apanA nAma bhI badala kara beTTa varddhana se viSNUvarddhana rakha liyaa| vaiSNava dharma aMgIkAra karate hI usake antarmana meM jaina dharma ke prati tIvra ghRNA utpanna ho gaI aura isake phalasvarUpa usane zaka 760 pUrva meM bane jaina mandiroM, jaina vasadiyoM aura jaina dharmasthAnoM ko ghUlisAt karavA diyA aura diye gaye sabhI prakAra ke dAna radda kara dAna se diye gaye grAma bhUmi Adi agrahAroM ko chIna liyaa| vaiSNava dharmAvalambI banane ke pazcAt viSNUvarddhana ne belara meM ceniga nArAyaNa, talakADa meM kIrtinArAyaNa, vijayapura meM vijayanArAyaNa, gadaga meM vIranArAyaNa aura haradana hallI meM lakSmI nArAyaNa kA mandira-isaprakAra paMcanArAyaNoM ke mandiroM kA nirmANa karavAkara pUrva meM jaina vasati evaM mandiroM ko jitane bhI dAna diye gaye the ve saba chIna kara ina paMca nArAyaNoM ke mandiroM ko samarpita kara diye| isa prakAra dhvasta karavAye gaye jaina mandiroM ke pattharoM se viSNuvardhana ne TonDA miru meM tirumala sAgara nAmaka eka vizAla sarovara kA aura usake nIcetirumala sAgara sattrAgAra kA nirmANa karavA kara usa sattrAgAra meM vaiSNava sampradAya ke sAdhunoM ko pratidina bhojana-dAna kI vyavasthA kii| ___isa prakAra viSNuvarddhana dvArA jaina vasatiyoM aura mandiroM ko dhvasta kiye jAne kA anavarata kAryakrama uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA to dharatI isa deva droha ke Page #368 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 310 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 isa pApa ko sahana nahIM kara skii| bellara tAlluka ke aDguru ke pAsa dharitrI phaTa gii| dharatI ne apanA mukha khola kara usa tAlluka ke aneka grAmoM ko nigalanA prArambha kara diyA / dharA kA vaha vizAla gaharA vivara uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA aura bellUra tAlluka ke bahusaMkhyaka grAma rasAtala meM dhaMsane lge| jaba isa mahAvinAzakArI khaNDa pralaya ke samAcAra viSNuvarddhana ke pAsa pahuMce to vaha atyanta dukhita hnaa| usane vayovRddha vijJoM, vidvAnoM aura bhU vizeSajJoM ko bulAkara isa pralaya kA kAraNa puuchaa| sabhI vijJoM ne yahI kahA ki jina mandiroM ko naSTa karavAne ke mahApApa ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI prakRti ruSTa ho gaI hai| rAjA ne sabhI vargoM, sabhI jAtiyoM evaM dharmoM ke prajAjanoM ko Amantrita kara zAnti pATha krvaaye| mAntrikoM se mantra jApa aura tAntrikoM se tantrAdi karavAye / kintu ve saba upAya nirarthaka siddha he| pRthvI kA vaha vivara uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA aura prakRti kA vaha tANDava mRtya aharniza ugra se ugratara hotA gyaa| jainetara sabhI dharmoM ko mAnane vAle prajAjanoM evaM vijJoM ne rAjA viSNUvarddhana se nivedana kiyA ki kisI mahAna jainAcArya kI zaraNa meM gaye binA prakRti kI yaha pralayaMkara lIlA zAnta hone vAlI nahIM hai| mahA vinAza se bacane kA anya koI upAya na dekhakara rAjA viSNavarddhana na antatogatvA kisI jainAcArya kI zaraNa meM jAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| apane guru rAmAnujAcArya aura aneka pramukha prajAjanoM ke sAtha zravaNa belagola ke bhaTTAraka zubha candrAcArya kI sevA meM upasthita ho viSNUvarddhana ne unase bar3e anunaya-vinayapUrNa svara meM prArthanA kI-"karuNA sindho ! prAcArya pravara ! isa anabhra vajrapAta tulya prAkRtika prakopa se hamArI rakSA kiijiye| mahAtman ! hamane sabhI prakAra ke upAya kara liye haiN| saba ora se pUrNataH nirAza hokara hama aba ApakI sevA meM upasthita hue haiM / dayA kara isa saMkaTa se hamAre dhana jana parijana kI rakSA kIjiye / hama sabhI pramukhajana apane sabhI viruda Apake caraNoM meM samarpita karate haiN| gommaTezvara tIrtha ke prabandha ke liye 12000 paigoDA prativarSa kI Aya vAle gAMva bhI de deNge| jinamandiroM ke chIna liye gaye dAnAdi puna: pUrvavat pracalita kara diye jaayeNge| jina mandiroM kI pUjA meM kisI ora se kisI prakAra kA vyavadhAna nahIM hone diyA jAyagA aura isa abhiprAya ke zilAnuzAsana sthAna-sthAna para uTaiMkita karavA diye jaaveNge|" __rAjA viSNu varddhana evaM prajAjanoM dvArA kI gaI anunaya-vinaya se dravita ho bhaTTAraka zubha candrAcArya ne 108 zveta kUSmANDa maMgavAye aura inheM abhimantrita evaM tantroM se ApUrita kara rAjA ko dete hue kahA - "rAjan ! pratidina inameM se eka-eka kUSmANDa ko usa vivara meM prakSipta karate rahanA / isake prabhAva me vaha vivara svataH bharatA jaaegaa|" Page #369 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 311 1 rAjA aura prajAjanoM ne bhaTTAraka zubhacandrAcArya ke Adeza kA akSarazaH pAlana kiyA / dharitrI kA vaha pAtAla tulya gahana evaM vizAla vivara pratidina apratyAzita rUpa se bharate - bharate prAya: pUrNarUpeNa bhara gayA / thor3A-sA vijara usa AzcaryakArI ghaTanA kI smRti ko banAye rakhane ke liye avaziSTa rahA, jo Aja bhI spaSTataH dRSTigocara hotA hai / isa prakAra bhaTTAraka zubha candrAcArya ke kRpA prasAda se karNATaka ke rAjA evaM prajA ko mahA vinAza se mukti milii| rAjA aura prajA ne sarva sammati se zubha candrAcArya ko cAru kIrti paNDitAcArya kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kara zravaNa bela gola aura mela koTa meM isa Azaya ke zilAnuzAsana uTaMkita karavAye ki vahAM kI 1200 pagaur3A kI bhUrAjasva se hone vAlI Aya zravaNa velagola tIrtha ko arcA-pUjA Adi ke liye sadA milatI rahegI / yadi jaina dharmAvalambI kinhIM paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa gommaTeza kI pUjA na kara sake to rAjya kI prajA ke pratyeka ghara se eka phannama cande ke rUpa meM ekatrita kara pUjA kI jAyagI / isa vivaraNa ko par3hane para pratyeka vijJa itihAsa premI isI niSkarSa para pahuMcegA ki yaha samagra vivaraNa vibhinna kAla kI, vibhinna vyaktiyoM se sambandhita fiadantiyoM kA eka saMkalana mAtra hai / isa sampUrNa vivaraNa meM aitihAsikatA kA lavaleza bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / isameM hoysala rAjAoMoM kI jo nAmAvalI aura krama diyA gayA hai vaha bhI itihAsa sammata nAmAvalI evaM krama se nitAnta bhinna aura aitihAsika tathyoM se pare hai| tathya yaha hai ki mahAsanta rAmAnujAcArya, unake viruddha colarAja dvArA race gaye SaDyantra se bacakara I. san 1916 meM hoysala rAjya meM viSNuvarddhana ke pAsa pahuMce / viSNuvarddhana ne unakI rakSA ke saba prakAra ke prabandha kara unheM apane yahAM bar3e sammAna ke sAtha rakhA / ' rAmAnujAcArya ne kararNATaka aura Andhrapradeza meM eka navIna dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA thA aura una dinoM rAmAnujAcArya ke vaiSNava sampradAya kA pracAra-prasAra bar3ha rahA thA / viSNuvarddhana ke yahAM rAmAnujAcArya ke Thaharane kA 1 King Vishnuwardhan's reign was also important because an event which had a profound effect on the whole history of Jainism in Karnataka and Southern India. Thisw as the convertion from Janism into Vaishnavism under the influence of the Great Acharya Ramanuja, who to escape persecution at the hands of a Kola King, had taken refuge in the Hoysal Country. ( Shri) Rice placed this event before A. D. 1116 and attributed the series of extensive conquests to the new religion which king Vishnu had embraced. Page #370 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 312 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kAraNa cAroM ora yaha pracArita kiyA gayA ki hoyasala rAjA viSNuvardhana ne jaina dharma kA parityAga kara vaiSNava dharma aMgIkAra kara liyA hai / isa para se aneka prakAra ki kiMvadantiyAM na kevala dakSiNApatha meM apitu uttarApatha meM bhI phaila gaI aura kAlAntara meM una kiMvadantiyoM ko sAhitya meM bhI sthAna de diyA gayA / vastutaH zilAlekhAdi ke rUpa meM Aja taka eka bhI aisA Thosa pramANa upalabdha nahIM huA hai, jisake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sake ki hoyasala rAjA viSNUvarddhana ne jaina dharma kA parityAga kara vaiSNava dharma svIkAra kara liyA ho| isake viparIta aise pramANa milate haiM jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki hoyasala rAjA viSNuvarddhana, usakI rAnI evaM usakA samasta rAja parivAra, usake AThoM hI senApati Adi apanI-apanI prAyu ke avasAna kAla taka na kevala jaina dharmAnuyAyI rahe apitu jaina dharma ke prabala poSaka, pracAraka evaM prasAraka bhI rhe| jainAcArya sudatta ne hoyasala rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kii| jainAcArya zAntideva ne isa rAjavaMza ko dakSiNa ke eka zaktizAlI rAjya kA rUpa diyA tathA samaya-samaya para aneka jainAcAryoM ne isa rAjavaMza ko uttarottara adhikAdhika zaktizAlI banAne meM sabhI-bhAMti pUrNa sakriya sahayoga taka diyA aura yaha rAjavaMza bhI apane Upara apane dharma guru jaina dharmAcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye asIma upakAroM ke prati pUrNataH kRtajJa rahA / prAcIna abhilekha isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki sabhI hoyasala vaMzI rAjAoM ne jaina dharma ke utkarSa ke liye aneka ullekhanIya kArya kiye / hoyasala rAjA viSNavaddhana bhI jIvana bhara samyakatva ghArI jaina zramaNopAsaka banA rhaa| svayaM rAmAnujAcArya ke hastAkSarita eka tAr3apatrIya abhilekha' ke anusAra rAmAnujAcArya I0 san 1125 (piMgala saMvatsara meM makara zukla punarvasu ke yoga ke zubha dina) ke pAsa pAsa karNATaka ke tirunArAyaNapura grAma (vartamAna melakoTe, jilA-maNDyA) se zrI raMgapura ke liye prasthita hue| rAmAnujAcArya ke maisUra se cale jAne ke pazcAt bhI mahArAjA viSNuvarddhana dvArA jaina dharma ke utkarSa ke liye kiye gaye katipaya kAryoM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki vaha jIvana paryanta niSThAvAn jaina dharmAnuyAyI evaM pUrvavat jaina dharma kA saMrakSaka banA rhaa| rAmAnujAcArya ke maisUra se cale jAne ke ATha varSa pazcAt zaka saM.1055 (I. san 1133) ke halebIDa-basti halli meM pArzvanAtha vasadi ke bAhara kI bhitti meM lage pASANa para ke abhilekha meM viSNuvarddhana dvArA kiye gaye aitihAsika kAryoM kA vivaraNa uTTa kita kiyA gayA hai jisakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : "hoyasala mahArAjA viSNuvarddhana ke mahAdaNDanAyaka gaMgarAja ne agaNita jIrNa zIrNa jina mandiroM kA punaruddhAra kara gaMgavADi 66000 ko koparaNa ke samAna ' prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra jayapura meM isa tAr3apatra kI upalabdha prati / Page #371 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 313 unheM samRddhi zAlI evaM sundara bnaayaa| usakI dharmapatnI nAgala devI kI kukSi se utpanna usake putra boppa (bappa) senApati ne dora samudra ke madhya bhAga meM eka bhavya jina mandira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| boppa campati ne apane pitA mahAdaNDanAyaka gaMgarAja ke svargastha ho jAne para unakI smRti meM usa mandira kI pratiSThA nayakIrti siddhAnta cakravartI se karavAyI / hala soge bali ke droha gharaTTa jinAlaya kI pratiSThA ke pazcAt jisa samaya purohita loga bhagavAn ko lagAye gaye bhoga kA prasAda lekara mahArAjA viSNuvarddhana ke pAsa baMkApura pahuMce, usa samaya viSNuvarddhana ne hoyasala rAjya para eka zaktizAlI ati vizAla vAhinI ke sAtha AkramaNa karane ke liye car3hakara pAye hae durdAnta zatru masaraNa ko yuddha meM pUrNataH parAjita kara usake vizAla rAjya ko apane adhikAra meM kara liyaa| usI samaya viSNUvarddhana kI mahArAnI lakSmI devI ne eka putra ko janma diyaa| harSAtireka meM viSNavarddhana ke mukha se ye zabda phUTa par3e:--"inhIM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jinAlaya kI pratiSThA ke pariNAmasvarUpa mujhe yuddha meM vijaya evaM putraratna kI prApti huI hai ataH ina devAdhi deva ke jinAlaya kA nAma vijaya pArzva aura sadya-prasUta rAjakumAra kA nAma vijayanarasiMha deva rakhatA huuN|" . rAjA ne usa mandira ke liye prAsandi nADa ke jAvagala grAma ke dAna ke sAtha aneka prakAra ke anya dAna bhI diye|"' svayaM viSNuvarddhana ne 1133 I0 meM isa vijaya-pArzvamandira meM jAkara vandana-namana evaM arcana kiyaa|' . isI prakAra sambhavataH rAmAnujAcArya kI maisUra rAjya meM vidyamAnatA ke samaya athavA unake maisUra se prasthAna kara dene ke kucha hI dinoM pazcAt zaka saM. 1047 (I. san 1125) meM viSNUvarddhana dvArA vasadiyoM ke jIrNoddhAra evaM jaina RSiyoM ke AhAra dAna hetu jainAcArya zrIpAla vidya deva ko zalya camaka grAma ke dAna meM diye jAne kA ullekha hai| ina saba ke atirikta jina zAsana kI zrIvRddhi ke lie viSNuvarddhana dvArA jinamandiroM, vasadiyoM Adi kI vyavasthA evaM jaina muniyoM ke AhAra Adi ke liye dAna diye jAne ke aneka ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| yahAM usa sandarbha meM yaha bhI mahattvapUrNa vicAraNIya bAta hai ki bahu pracalita nirAdhAra kiMvadantiyoM ke anusAra yadi hoyasala nareza viSNuvarddhana jaina dharma kA ' jana zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha saM0 301, pR. 471-482 ? This temple which King Narsingha now visited was the same temple which King Vishnu had visited in A. D. 1133. (mIDievala jainijma, bI0e0 selATora likhita, peja-84) 3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, legva saMkhyA 463 pR0 sa0 365 se 401 Page #372 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 314 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 parityAga kara rAmAnujAcArya ke upadezoM se vaiSNava banA hotA to yaha nizcita thA ki viSNuvarddhana ke ananya AtmIyoM, rAnI, putra, putriyoM Adi meM se athavA usake sadA nikaTa samparka meM rahane vAle mantriyoM, senApatiyoM Adi meM se kisI na kisI ne to avazyameva hI baiSNava dharma aMgIkAra kiyA hotA / parantu vastusthiti pUrNataH isake viparIta hai / viSNuvarddhana ke ananya zrAtmIyoM-patnI, putra, putriyoM aura usake kRpApAtra - vizvAsapAtra zrAzritoM athavA adhikAriyoM - mantriyoM, senApatiyoMsenApati putroM Adi meM se kisI eka ne bhI - vaiSNava dharma aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA / purAtana kAlIna pragaNita zilAlekhoM meM se jo zilAlekha viplavoM, viSama paristhitiyoM aura kAla kI thaper3oM se bace raha sake haiM, ve isa bAta kI Aja bhI sAkSI dete haiM / svayaM hoyasala nareza viSNuvarddhana se aura usake zAsana kAla se sambandhita upalabdha aneka zilAlekhoM meM viSNuvarddhana ke liye "samyaktva cUDAmaNi" vizeSaraNa prayukta kiyA gayA hai / ' yahA~ yaha batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki jisa mumukSu bhavyAtmA ne jIva, ajIva Adi samasta tattvoM ko bhalI bhAMti samajha va hRdayaMgama kara eka mAtra vItarAga jinendra deva ko hI apane ArAdhya deva, paMcamahAvratadhArI sacce sAdhu ko apanA guru aura saMsAra ke samasta duHkhoM kA anta kara zAzvata ananta akSaya - avyAbAgha ziva sukha pradAna karAne meM sakSama bhavAbdhi pota tulya vItarAga sarvajJa tIrthaMkara bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita dharma ko hI apanA dharma mAna liyA hai, usI samyag dRSTi bhavyAtmA ke liye "samyaktva cUDAmariNa " vizeSaraNa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / --- isakA eka sarvAdhika puSTa pramAraNa zaka saM. 1056, ( I0 san 1137 ) kA eka zilAlekha hai / belUra sthita somanAtha mandira kI chata para uTaMkita isa kannaDa zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki hoysala nareza viSNuvarddhana ke mahA pracaNDa daNDanAyaka, sarvAdhikArI viSNu daNDAdhipa para nAma immadi daNDanAyaka biTTiyyaNNa ne zaka saM. 1056 ( I0 san 1937) meM hoysala rAjya kI rAjadhAnI bora samudra meM "viSNu varddhana jinAlaya" nAmaka eka bhavya jina mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA / usa samaya ( ukta tithi ko ) immaDi daNDanAyaka biTTiyA ne prAcArya zrIpAla fada ko bhagavAn kI pUjA, RSiyoM ko zrAhAra dAna maMndira ke prabandha evaM bhaviSya meM AvazyakatA par3ane para isa jinAlaya ke jIrNoddhAra ( marammata ) zrAdi ke liye maysenA ke bIja bolla gAMva kA dAna svayaM viSNuvarddhana ke hAtha se dilvaayaa| isa zilAlekha meM immaDi daNDanAyaka biTTiyaNa ko viSNuvarddhana kI dakSiNa bhujA, parama vizvAsa pAtra evaM pragADha prIti pAtra batAne ke sAtha-sAtha yaha 1 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, lekha saMkhyA 45, 56, 132, 463 evaM bhAga 2 lekha saMkhyA 263, 264 Page #373 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAtroM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 315 ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai ki mahArAja viSNuvarddhana ne usakA putravat lAlanapAlana kiyA, use sabhI vidyAoM evaM kalAoM kA prazikSaNa dilavA kara usakA apane pradhAnamantrI kI putrI ke sAtha bar3e hI harSollAsa se vivAha kiyaa|' isa zilAlekha meM ullikhita tathyoM para vicAra karane se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki I0 san 1137 taka arthAt rAmAnujAcArya ke maisUra rAjya se cale jAne ke 12 varSa pazcAt taka hoyasala nareza viSNUvarddhana jaina dharmAnuyAyI thaa| agara usane vaiSNava dharma svIkAra kara liyA hotA to rAjA ko apane pitA se bhI adhika pUjya mAnane vAle immaDi daNDanAyaka biTTiyaNa para isakA prabhAva pdd'taa| yadi kisI taraha mAna bhI liyA jAya ki immAr3e daNDanAyaka para prabhAva na bhI par3A to vaiSNava sampradAya ke anuyAyI bana jAne kI sthiti meM viSNuvarddhana use na to apane nAma para jinAlaya banAne kI anumati detA aura na use grAmadAna hI krtaa| ina saba ke atirikta eka aura pramANa hai viSNuvarddhana hoyasala nareza ke putra yuvarAja narasiMha deva dvArA I0 san 1947 meM elkoTi jinAlaya kI mugulara vasadi ke liye diye gaye bhUmidAna kA zilAlekha, isa zilAlekha meM hoyasala nareza viSNuvarddhana ke liye "samyaktva cUDAmariNa" vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| __apane jIvana ke antima kSaNoM taka pragAr3ha niSThA sampanna jaina dharmAnuyAyI bane rahane ke uparAnta bhI zrI rAisa jaise vidvAn ne usake sambandha meM jo yaha AzaMkApUrNa abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki rAmAnujAcArya ke upadezoM se viSNuvarddhana ne jaina dharma kA parityAga kara vaiSNava dharma aMgIkAra kara liyA thA usake pIche aneka kAraNoM meM se eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki eka zilAlekha meM usake liye prayukta kiye gaye vizeSaNoM meM eka vizeSaNa "zrImat kezavadeva pAdArAdhaka' kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kintu kevala eka isa vizeSaNa ke AdhAra para use kezava ke caraNAravinda kA prArAdhaka mAna lene se pahale isako bhI bhulAnA nahIM hogA ki isa vizeSaNa se pahale viSNuvardhana ke liye isI zilAlekha meM "samyaktva cUDAmaNi' vizeSaraNa kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo ki kevala kaTTara jaina ke liye hI prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki viSNUvarddhana saccA jaina hone ke sAtha-sAtha dUsare dharmoM ke prati bhI bar3A udAra thaa| apanI isI udAratA evaM dharma sahiSNutA kI vRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa usane hasana jile ke belara nagara meM kezava kA mandira bnvaayaa| usa mandira ke liye viSNuvarddhana kI paTarAnI zAntala devI ne bhI eka grAma brAhmaNoM ko dAna meM diyA / kezava ke mandira ke liye dAna - - - - - 1 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, pRSTha 1-12 3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, pRSTha 74-78 3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, lekha saMkhyA 53 (143), zaka saM. 1050 Page #374 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 316 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 de dene mAtra se zAntala devI jaina se vaiSNava nahIM bana gii| vaha jIvanabhara jaina rahI evaM prAyu ke avasAna kAla meM usane saccI jaina sAdhikA kI bhAMti samAdhipUrvaka deha tyAga kiyaa| jina zAsana ke utkarSa ke liye zAntala devI dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI zaka saM. 1050 (I0 san 1128) ke eka zilAlekha meM usake liye-"munijana cineyajana vinIte yu", "catussa maya samuddharaNeyu", "vrata guNazIla cAritrAntaH karaNe yu", "samyaktva cUDAmaNi yu", "uddhRta savatigandha vAraNe yu", "puNyopArjana karaNa kAraNeyuM", "jina samaya samudita prAkAreyuM", "jina dharma kathAkathana pramodeyu", "AhArAbhaya bhaiSajya zAstra dAna vinodeyu", "jina dharma nimaleyu", "bhavya jana vatsaleyu" evaM "jina gandhodaka pavitrI kRtotta bhAMgeyu"-ina utkRSTa vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kara usakI zlAghA kI gaI hai| lekha saMkhyA 53 aura 56 ke anusAra zAntala devI ne zaka saM. 1040 (I0 san 1118) meM, zravaNa belagola meM savati gandha vAraNa vasadi nAmaka 66 phUTa lambA aura 35 phuTa caur3A ati bhavya evaM vizAla mandira bnvaayaa| zAntala devI ne prabhu ke abhiSeka ke liye eka tAlAba kA nirmANa karavAyA aura isa mandira kI sabhI prakAra kI vyavasthA ke liye apane guru prabhAcandra ko eka grAma kA dAna kiyaa| zAntala devI ne isa mandira meM bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI pA~ca phuTa U~cI eka AkarSaka mUrti kI pratiSThA kii| isa mUrti ke pAda-pITha para isakA nirmANa karAne vAlI zAntala devI kI prazaMsA meM uTTaGkita zloka isa prakAra hai : prabhAcandra munIndrasya, pada paMkaja SaT pdaa| zAntalA zAnti-jainendra-pratibimbamakArayat / / 1 / / siMha pITha para uttau vaktra guNaM dRzostaralatAM sad vibhramaM bhruuyuge| doSAneva guNI karoSi subhage saubhAgya bhAgyaM tava, vaktaM zAMtala devi vaktumavanI zaknoti ko vA kaviH // 2 // She also gave a village to the Brahmans and she was associated with the Keshava Teraple at 'Bailur and Hasan that her husband Bittideva Vishnuvardhana, built. Although the royal couple were Jains by persuation, they supported Vaishnavism and Shaivism also. They had as their teacher Prabhachandra Siddhant Deva............. (jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA-esa0ke0 rAmacandra rAva dvArA likhita) 2 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha , bhAga 1, lekha saM. 53 (143) pRSTha 62 , jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, pRSTha 88-100 aura 123-12 Page #375 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAmoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 317 rAjate rAjasiMhIva, pArve viSNu mahI bhRtaH / vikhyAtyA zAntalAkhyA sA, jinAgAramakArayat // 3 // ' lekha saMkhyA 53 (143) zaka samvat 1050 ke ullekhAnusAra zAntala devI kI mAtA (mAcikavve) ke pitAmaha daNDanAyaka nAgavarma, mAtA kI dAdI candikavve, mAtA ke pitA baladeva, mAtA kI mAtA mAcikavve tathA usake mAmA mArasiMgaya (zAntala ke pitA aura mAmA donoM samAna nAma vAle the).-yaha samasta parivAra parama jina bhakta evaM paramparAgata pragAr3ha zraddhAniSTha jaina dharmAvalambI parivAra thaa| __isa lekha ke zloka saMkhyA 28 se 32 meM nAga varma daNDanAyaka kI, zloka saMkhyA 26 meM baladeva daNDanAyaka kI tathA zloka saMkhyA 36 va 37 meM zAntala. devI ke mAmA mArasiMgaya kI jinapati bhakta, muni caraNAmbujAtayugabhRga, jinadharmAmbara tiramaroci Adi evaM anya prazasta vizeSaNoM se prazaMsA kI gaI hai| zloka saMkhyA 18 meM zAntala devI ke pitA, jinakA nAma bhI mArasiMgaya thA, ke liye harapAdAmbuja bhakti yolu vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA gayA hai| isase nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki zAntala devI ke pitA mArasiMgeya zaiva dharmAvalambI the| zAntala devI ne zaka saM. 1050 (tadanusAra I. san 1128) kI caitra zuklA 5 somavAra ke dina ziva gAMgeya tIrtha meM samAdhi pUrvaka paNDita maraNa kA varaNa kara svargArohaNa kiyaa| zAntala devI ke samAdhi maraNa ke pazcAt usake mAtA-pitA kA nidhana huaa| isakI mAtA mAcikavve ne apane guru prabhAcandra siddhAnta deva, vardhamAna deva aura ravicandra deva kI sAkSI se sanyAsa (saMthArA paMDita maraNa) aMgIkAra kara eka mAsa ke anazana ke pazcAt mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA / zAntala devI ke mAtula ne bhI zravaNa velgola meM samAdhi pUrvaka paNDita maraNa kA varaNa kiyA aura usakI patnI aura bhAvaja ne zaka saMvat 1041 kI kArtika zuklA 12 ke dina usake samAdhisthala para niSadyA kA nirmANa krvaayaa| hoysala nareza viSNuvarddhana kI putrI hariyambarasI bhI jIvanabhara parama jinopAsikA rahI / karNATaka prAnta meM kevala vaiSNava vidvAnoM ke hI nahIM apitu rAmAnuja ' 2 ___3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1, lekha saM. 62 (131) pR0 146-147 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1, pR0 saM. 88 se 100 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1, lekha saM. 53, pR0 63 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1, lekha saM. 53, pR065 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1, lekha saM. 52, pR0 87 Page #376 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 318 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sampradAya ke jana-jana ke mukha se bhI eka janazra ti sunane ko milatI hai ki hoysala vaMzIya rAjA biTTiga deva viSNuvarddhana kI putrI para eka brahma rAkSasa ne apanA prabhAva jamA liyA thA / auSadha-bheSajya tantra-mantra Adi aneka upAyoM ke uparAnta bhI brahma rAkSasa ne rAjakumArI kA pIchA nahIM chor3A / jaba rAmAnujAcArya viSNuvarddhana ke rAja mahala meM Aye aura rAjaparivAra ke anya sadasyoM kI bhAMti usa rAjakumArI ne bhI jaba rAmAnujAcArya ke caraNoM kA sparza kiyA to unake caraNoM ke sparza mAtra se brahma rAkSasa rAjakumArI ko apane prabhAva se sadA ke lie mukta kara anyatra calA gyaa| isa janazruti kI prAmANikatA hetu jaba purAtatva sAmagrI kA avalokana karate haiM to yaha janazru ti nitAnta nirAdhAra kiMvadantI hI siddha hotI hai / hantUrU (hantiyUra-goNI bIDDa paraganA) kI dhvasta jaina vasadi se prApta zaka saM. 1052 (I. san 1130) ke zilA lekha saM. 263 se siddha hotA hai ki viSNubarddhana kI putrI hariyabbarasi jIvanabhara jaina dharma kI ananya upAsikA rhii| isa zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki jisa samaya viSNuvarddhana kA putra tribhuvanamalla kumAra vallAla deva rAjya kara rahA thA, usa samaya viSNuvarddhana kI putrI aura kumAra vallAla deva kI jyeSTha bhaginI tathA gaNDa vimukta-siddhAnta deva kI gRhasthA ziSyA hariyabbarasi ne hantiyUra ke ratna jaTita uttuMga zikharoM vAle caityAlaya tathA mandira ke jIrNoddhAra, pUjA, RSiyoM evaM vRddha mahilAmoM ko prAhAra dAna dene Adi kAryoM kI vyavasthA hetu sabhI bhAMti ke karoM se vimukta bhUmi kA dAna gaDa vimukta siddhAnta deva ko diyaa| viSNuvarddhana kA uttarAdhikArI narasiMhadeva bhI jIvanabhara pragAr3ha niSThA sampanna jaina dharmAvalambI aura jaina dharma kA saMrakSaka rahA, yaha bhI itihAsa siddha tathya hai / ina saba prAcIna abhilekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki hoysala nareza viSNuvarddhana aura unake parivAra kA pratyeka sadasya jIvana paryanta jaina dharma kA anuyAyI, saMvarddhaka paura jaina zramaNoM kA zraddhAlu upAsaka rhaa| yadi viSNuvardhana ne vaiSNava dharma aMgIkAra kiyA hotA to nizcita rUpa se usake Azrita usake parivAra ke sadasyoM, mantriyoM, senA nAyakoM Adi meM se koI na koI to usakA anusaraNa karake avazyameva vaiSNava dharmAvalambI banA hotaa| gaMga rAja campati hoyasala nareza viSNuvardhana ke mahA daNDanAyaka senApati gaMgarAja apane samaya ke mahAna yoddhA aura parama dharmaniSTha jina bhakta the| . jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, pRSTha 45-46 Page #377 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAgoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 316 gaMgarAja kA janma karNATaka pradeza ke kauNDinya gotrIya brahmakSatra parivAra meM huprA / yaha parivAra parama jina bhakta aura jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM agraNI mAnA jAtA thaa| IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke aneka zilAlekha isa kaTTara jaina dharmAnuyAyI senApati kI yazogAthAoM se bhare par3e haiN| gaMgarAja dvArA jaina dharma kI zrIvRddhi, pracAra, prasAra evaM saMrakSaNa ke liye kiye gaye kAryoM kA lekhA-jokhA karane para unheM sampUrNa dakSiNA patha kA, jaina dharma kA pramukha AdhAra stambha kahA jAya to bhI atizayokti nahIM hogii| zravaNa velgola kI zAsana vasti ke sammukha eka zilA para uTTa kita lekha meM inheM gommaTezvara kI vizAla mati ke nirmAtA evaM pratiSThApaka cAmuNDarAya se bhI zatagunA adhika jina prabhAvaka batAyA gayA hai / ' aneka zilAlekhoM meM gaMgarAja ko "zrI jaina dharmAmRtAmbudhivivardhana sudhAkara", "samyaktvaratnAkara", "viSNuvarddhana bhUpAla hoysala mahArAja rAjyAbhiSeka pUrNa kumbha", "dharma hayoddharaNa mUla stambha", "viSNuvarddhana hoysala mahArAja rAjya samuddharaNa", "jinarAja rAjat pUjA purandara", "karNATakagharAmaro aMsa", "jina mukha candravAk candrikA, cakora", "vizuddharatna trayA kara", "cAritra lakSmI karNapUra", "jina zAsana rakSAmaNi" evaM "droha gharaTTa" Adi uccakoTi kI upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai / / senApati gaMgarAja ne agaNita dhvasta jaina mandiroM evaM vasadiyoM kA punanirmANa evaM aneka mandiroM evaM vasadiyoM kA nava-nirmANa, karavAkara unake prabandha evaM zramaNoM ke AhAra Adi ke lie sthAna-sthAna para bhUmidAna diyaa| mahA dAnI gaMgarAja ne jaina dharma kI zrIvRddhi hetu aneka ullekhanIya dAna pradAna kara gaMgavADI 66000 ko koparaNa ke samAna cmkaayaa| hoyasala rAjA viSNavarddhana ke rAjya ko zaktizAlI aura vizAla banAne meM usake pradhAna senApati gaMgarAja kA sarvAdhika ullekhanIya yogadAna rhaa| gaMgarAja ne apane svAmI ke durjaya prabala zatru narasiMha varma aura cola rAja ke adhInastha iDiyama Adi aneka zatru zAsakoM kI sammilita vizAla senAmoM ko raNAMgaNa meM parAjita kara vizAla bhU bhAga para apane svAmI kI vijaya vaijayantI phhraaii| isa prati mahatvapUrNa vijaya se viSNavarddhana kA rAjya eka prabala zaktizAlI rAjya bana gyaa| isa vijaya se viSNavarddhana itanA adhika prasanna hamrA ki usane gaMgarAja ko muMha mAMgA varadAna dene kI pratijJA kii| gaMgarAja ne usa varadAna ke upalakSa meM tippUra kA svAmitva maaNgaa| rAjA ne tatkAla gaMgarAja ko tippUra kA svAmitva pradAna kara diyaa| gaMgarAja ne krANUra gaNa tintriNika gaccha ke prAcArya meghacandra ' 2 3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1, lekha saM. 56 (73) pR0 saM. 138-143 jana zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1, lekha saM. 44 evaM bhAga 2 kA lekha saMkhyA 301 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekha saM. 56, 60 aura 301 Page #378 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 320 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3 siddhAnta deva ko usa tippUra kA dAna kara diyaa| saMbhavataH meghacandra siddhAnta deva yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya the|' gaMgarAja ne tailaMgoM aura kannegAle meM cAlukya nareza tribhuvana malla permADi deva ko raNabhUmi meM parAjita kara apane sAhasapUrNa parAkrama kA paricaya diyaa| gaMgarAja ne talakADu, koMgu, ceMgiri Adi durjeya durgoM para adhikAra kiyA aura pradipama, tigala, dAma, dAmodara Adi zatruoM ko yuddha meM parAsta kiyaa| durjeya zatrunoM ko parAsta karane ke upalakSa meM prasanna ho viSNa varddhana ne unheM govinda vAr3I nAmaka grAma paritoSika rUpa meM pradAna kiyA jise bhI gaMgarAja ne gommaTezvara kI pUjA vyavasthA ke nimitta dAna meM de diyaa| viSNUvartana ke pradhAna senApati gaMgarAja ne zaka saM. 1040 (I. san 1118) ke pAsa-pAsa zravaNa belagola se uttara meM prAdhA kosa para "jinanAtha pura" nAmaka eka nagara bsaayaa| zaka saM. 1036 (I0 san 1117) ke Asa-pAsa gomaTezvara ke cAroM ora parakoTe kA nirmANa krvaayaa| pradhAna senApati gaMgarAja pustaka gaccha ke prAcArya zubhacandra siddhAnta deva ke zraddhA niSTha zrAvaka ziSya the| gaMgarAja ne apane guru zubhacandra siddhAnta deva, apanI mAtA poci kavve aura dharmapani lakSmI ke smAraka banavAye / pradhAna senApati gaMgarAja ne jainadharma ko pratiSThA ke sarvocca pada para adhiSThita karane ke liye itane adhika mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye ki una sabakI puSTi karane vAle zilAlekhoM Adi kA vistArabhaya se yahAM ullekha karanA saMbhava nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki IsA kI dazavIM se bArahavIM zatAbdI ke bIca kI avadhi meM cAmuNDarAya, gaMgarAja aura voppadeva dakSiNA patha meM jainadharma ke tIna mahAna mAghAra stambha evaM saMrakSaka gine gaye / inameM bhI gaMgarAja kA sthAna sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| gaMgarAja ne aneka jina mandiroM evaM vasadiyoM kI hI bhAMti aneka dhvasta nagaroM kA bhI punanirmANa krvaayaa|' mAnava jIvana ke parama lakSya-dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa-ina cAroM kI sAdhanA meM jIvana bhara nirata rahate hue gaMgarAja ne .. jana zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha saM0 263 __, , , 1, lekha saM0 56 . . . . lekha saM0 56 aura 10 " , , , lekha saM0 478 (388) pR0 377-378 lekha saM0 75 praura 7'. lekha saM0 56 (73) jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, lekha saM0 411 Page #379 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAaoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 321 dharma kI dhUrA kA vahana karane ke sAtha-sAtha rAjya kI dhurA ke vahana karane meM bhI adbhUta dhaureyatA pradarzita kii| gaMgarAja ne na kevala karNATaka ke hI apitu sampUrNa dakSiNApatha ke abhyudaya, abhyutthAna evaM utkarSa ke liye jIvana-paryanta bar3I hI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvahana kiyaa| hoyasala nareza viSNavarddhana kA sandhi-vigrahika pariNasa bhI parama jinopAsaka aura jaina dharmAvalambI adhikAriyoM meM agragaNya evaM jaina saMgha ko utkarSa kI ora agrasara karane vAle kAryoM meM mahAdaNDa nAyaka gaMgarAja kA ananya sahayogI thaa| rAjya sevA aura dharma sevA ke sAtha-sAtha purigasa ne mAnava sevA ke aneka ullekhanIya kArya kiye / usane aneka yuddhoM meM vijaya prApta kara hoyasala rAjya kI pratiSThA aura zakti meM abhivaddhi kii| yuddha pIDita kisAnoM, vyApAriyoM evaM prajA ke sabhI vargoM ko usane sabhI bhAMti kI sahAyatA pradAna kara unake asta-vyasta jIvana ko sucAru rUpeNa punasaMsthApita kiyaa| puNisa ne trikUTa vasadi kA nirmANa karavAyA aura gaMgavADI kI sabhI vasadiyoM ko Atmanirbhara bnaayaa| hoyasala nareza viSNuvarddhana kA putravat priya eva parama vizvAsa pAtra dUsarA daNDanAyaka immaDi biTTiyaNa bhI tatkAlIna jainadharmAvalambiyoM meM agraNI evaM pramukha jina bhakta thaa| chAyA ke samAna sadA viSNuvarddhana ke sAtha rahane ke kAraNa vaha rAja bhavana meM evaM loka meM viSNu daNDa nAyaka ke nAma se vikhyAta thaa| AcArya zrIpAla vidya jI viSNuvardhana ke guru the| unhIM kA viSNu daNDanAyaka bhI niSThAvAn gRhastha ziSya thaa| usa samaya ke mahAdAniyoM meM isakI gaNanA kI jAtI thii| daNDa nAyaka viSNu ne jaina dharma ko zrIvRddhi evaM loka kalyANa ke aneka kArya kiye| jaisA ki pahale ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai daNDanAyaka viSNu ne hoyasala rAjya kI rAjadhAnI dora samudra meM, I0 san 1137 meM viSNuvarddhana kI cira smRti ke liye "viSNuvarddhana jinAlaya" nAmaka eva bhavya evaM vizAla jinAlaya kA nirmANa karavAyA / isa jinAlaya kI suvyavasthA, sAra samhAla evaM munijanoM ke AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA ke liye mahAdaNDa nAyaka viSNu ne mahArAjA viSNu varddhana ke hAthoM bIja bolla nAmaka grAma prApta kara apane guru zrIpAla vidya ko dAna meM diyA / ' viSNUvarddhana kA tIsarA daNDanAyaka boppa bhI apane pitA mahA daNDanAyaka gaMgarAja ke samAna jaina dharma kA sabala saMrakSaka, zUravIra, dharma niSTha aura parama jina bhakta thaa| isane jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra evaM zrIvRddhi ke aneka kAryoM ke niSpAdana ' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, lekha saMkhyA 305, pRSTha 1-12 Page #380 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 322 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ke sAtha-sAtha "oha gharaTTa jinAlaya" "zAntizvara vasadi", "trailokya raMjana vasadi" apara nAma "voppaNa caityAlaya" Adi bhavya mandiroM tathA vasadiyoM kA I0 san 1133 aura 1138 ke Asa-pAsa nirmANa krvaayaa| voppa kA apara nAma ecaraNa bhI thaa|' boppa daNDanAyaka ne jina dharma kI prabhAvanA varddhaka evaM sarva sAdhAraNa ke hita ke aneka kArya kiye / jaba gaMgarAja ke jyeSTha bhrAtA-bamma camU pati ke putra daNDa nAyaka aica ne I0 san 1135 meM zravaNa belgula meM saMllekhanA pUrvaka ghara-dvAra, asana-pAnAdi kA tyAga kara sanyasana (paMDita maraNa) vidhi se prAraNotsarga kiyA, usa samaya boppa daNDanAyaka ne apane divaMgata jyeSTha bandhu daNDanAyaka aica kI smRti meM niSadyA kA nirmANa karavAyA aura aicirAja dvArA nirmita karAI gaI. vasadiyoM ke prabandha Adi ke liye gaMga samudra kI kucha bhUmi kA mAghacandra deva ko dAna kiyaa| hoyasala nareza viSNavarddhana ke cauthe aura pAMcaveM daNDanAyaka (senApati) bhrAtRdvaya kramazaH mariyAne aura bharata apane samaya ke agraNI jaina dharmAnuyAyI aura parama jina bhakta the| ye donoM bhAI agragaNya miSTha hone ke sAtha-sAtha bar3e hI zuravIra, sAhasI evaM apratima yoddhA the / tatkAlIna zilAlekhoM ke anusAra ina bandhu dvaya kA hoyasala rAjavaMza ke sAtha pIr3hiyoM kA ghaniSTha sambandha hone ke kAraNa mahArAjA viSNuvarddhana ne sarvAdhikArI, mANikya bhaNDArI, prANAdhikArI, campati prAdi mahatvapUrNa pada pradAna kiye / viSNUvarddhana ne apane rAjya kI dhurA ko vahana karane meM mariyAne ko paTTa-rAjya-gajendra tulya sakSama-samartha samajhakara mahAsenA pati pada para adhiSThita kiyA / daNDanAyaka mariyANe ke laghu sahodara mahAmaMtrI tathA daNDanAyaka bharata ne gaMgavADI meM 80 navIna bastiyoM kA nirmANa aura 200 jIrNa-zIrNa vasadiyoM kA jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| bharata camUpati ne gomaTeza kI sIr3hiyoM, isa tIrtha sthAna meM dvAra kI zobhA-vRddhi hetu bharata aura bAhubali kI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| mahApradhAna bharata ne gomaTezvara kI raMga zAlA kA parakoTA bhI bnvaayaa| siMdagera kI vasadi ke liye inhoMne viSNuvarddhana se bhUmi bhI prApta kii| isa prakAra ina donoM bhAiyoM ne jina dharma kI prabhAvanA evaM jaina saMgha kI zrIvRddhi ke aneka kArya kiye| ina donoM mahAdaNDanAyakoM ke guru dezI gaNa pustaka gaccha ke AcArya mAghanandi ke ziSya gaNDavimukta muni the| mahArAjAdhirAja viSNuvarddhana ke ye donoM mahA daNDanAyaka viSNUvarddhana ke putra mahArAjAdhirAja siMhadeva prathama ke zAsana kAla meM bhI katipaya varSoM taka mahAdanDa nAyaka pada para rhe| 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1 lekha saM0 66 (120), pRSTha 146 - 2. jaina zilAlekha saM0 bhAga 1 lekha saM0 144 (384), pRSTha 264-266 __3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3 lekha saM0 307, 308, 411 4. jaina zilAlekha saM0 bhAga 1, lekha saM0 115 (267), pRSTha 227-228 Page #381 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAtroM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 323 hoyasala nareza viSNuvarddhana ke chaThe senApati aica the| ye mahAdaNDanAyaka maMgarAja ke jyeSTha bhrAtA bamma camapati ke putra the| daNDanAyaka aica apane pitA, pitRvya evaM cacere laghu bhrAtA ke samAna dharma-nIti aura rAjanIti donoM hI meM samAna rUpa se niSNAta the| ye yuddha zauNDIra bhI the aura dharma dhurA dhaureya bhii| aica ne apane jIvanakAla meM eka ora aneka yuddhoM meM vijayazrI prApta kI, to dUsarI ora kopaNa belgula Adi aneka sthAnoM meM jina mandiroM evaM vasadiyoM kA nirmANa bhI karavAyA aura anta meM prAyu kA avasAna kAla upasthita hone para samasta sAMsArika kArya-kalApoM se unmukha ho azana-pAnAdi kA jIvana-paryanta tyAga karake tathA sampUrNa pApoM kI AlocanA kara saMlekhanA-saMthArA pUrvaka paNDita-maraNa (sanyasana) vidhi se zaka saM. 1057 (I. san 1135) meM mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA / ' mahArAjAdhirAja viSNu varddhana ke sAtaveM daNDanAyaka baladevaNNa aura AThaveM daNDanAyaka mAdirAja bhI Adarza jinabhakta the| isa prakAra hoyasala nareza viSNuvarddhana ke AThoM hI senApati pragADha niSThAvAna jaina dharmAnuyAyI evaM Adarza zrAvakottama the| viSNavarddhana ke AThoM hI svAmibhakta senApatiyoM ne jIvanabhara apane svAmI ke caraNa-cihnoM kA anusaraNa karate hue hoyasala rAjya kI abhivRddhi evaM samRddhi ke abhivarddhana ke sAtha-sAtha jina zAsana kI sevA ke, jaina dharma kI rakSA ke tathA jaina saMgha kI pratiSThA ko utkarSa kI ora agrasara karane ke aneka ullekhanIya kArya kiye aura apane-apane jIvana ke antima kSaNoM taka eka Adarza sacce jaina ke rUpa meM zlAghA yogya paNDita maraNa kA varaNa kiyaa| ve saba ke saba sacce arthoM meM karmaTha karmavIra evaM dharmavIra the| ina saba tathyoM se siddha hotA hai ki hoyasala nareza viSNuvarddhana apane bAlyakAla se jIvana ke antima kSaNoM taka jaina dharmAvalambI, jina zAsana kA saMrakSaka aura saMvarddhaka rhaa| makuMli kile ke andara kI vasadi ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra viSNuvarddhana kA rAjya ati vizAla thaa| pUrva, dakSiNa aura pazcima meM isake rAjya kI sImA samudra aura uttara meM peore ko isane apane rAjya kI sImA bnaayaa| narasiMha prathama (I. san 1152 se 1173) mahApratApI hoyasala nareza viSNuvardhana ke pazcAt isa rAjavaMza kA rAjA narasiMhadeva huaa| yaha bhI apane pitA ke hI samAna dharmaniSTha, sAhasI, yoddhA, prajAvatsala aura lokapriya rAjA thaa| narasiMha deva ne jaina dharma ke varcasva kI abhivRddhi evaM pracAra-prasAra ke aneka kArya kiye| ' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, lekha saM. 144 (384) pR. 264-66 2 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, lekha saM. 376 pR. 157-163 Page #382 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 324 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 narasiMha deva ke senApati cAvimayya bhI parama jina bhakta thaa| apane yauvana kAla meM yaha senApati sampUrNa dakSiNA patha meM hoyasala nareza viSNuvarddhana ke garuDa ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa| isane hoyasala rAjya kI samRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha jaina saMgha kI zrIvRddhi meM bhI ullekhanIya sahayoga diyaa| senApati cAvimayya kI dharmapatnI jakkavve ne heragU meM eka vizAla jina mandira kA nirmANa karavA kara vahA~ cenna pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kI pratiSThA krvaayii| jinezvara kI pUjA-arcA evaM RSiyoM ke AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA evaM bhaviSya meM AvazyakatA par3ane para mandira kI marammata ke lie jikkanve ne narasiMha deva se prArthanA kara unase bhUmi prApta kI aura usa bhUmi kA dAna I. san 1155 ke lagabhaga mandira ko kiyaa|' narasiMha deva ke eka anya daNDanAyaka zAntiyaNa ne apane pitA pArisaraNa kI smRti meM eka vasadi kA nirmANa karavAkara malliSeNa paNDita ko kRSi bhUmi kA dAna kiyaa| hoyasala rAjavaMza ke zAsanakAla meM sarva dharma samabhAva kA bhI eka udAharaNa I. san 1950 ke kaidAla ke eka zilAlekha se prakAza meM AyA hai| mAnya kheTapura ke adhIzvara galivAci ne--jo ki hoyasala nareza viSNuvardhana kA aura usake putra narasiMha deva kA bhI adhInastha sAmanta thA, karadAla (kaidAla) meM eka jinezvara mandira, eka gaMgezvara mandira (ziva mandira), eka nArAyaNa mandira aura eka cala varivezvara mandira-isa prakAra cAroM dharmoM ke cAra mandiroM kA nirmANa karavAkara saba dharmoM ke prati apanA samabhAva drshaayaa| isa mAnya kheTapurAdhIzvara kI rAnI bhImale parama jina bhakta aura jaina dharma kI pramukha upAsikA thii| apanI jaina dharmAvalambinI rAnI ke nAma para rAjA galivAci ne moma jinAlaya nAmaka vasadi aura bhIma samudra nAmaka eka sundara sarovara kA nirmANa krvaayaa| mAnya kheTa pati rAjA galivAci ne isa jinAlaya kI pUjA-arcA evaM muniyoM ke lie AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA hetu bhUmi kA dAna kiyaa| hoyasala nareza narasiMha ke mana, mastiSka para vaMza paramparAgata jaina saMskRti ke saMskAroM kI amiTa chApa usake bAlyakAla se hI aMkita ho cukI thI, yaha gugalI se prApta eka zilAlekha se vidita hotA hai / isa zilAlekha meM ullekha hai ki zaka saM. 1066 (tadanusAra I, san 1147) meM jisa samaya ki hoyasala nareza viSNuvardhana kA zAsanakAla thA, kumAra narasiMha deva ne guguli agradhAra ke "govinda jinAlaya" kI . 2 3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, lekha saM. 336 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3, lekha saM. 347 pR0 110 se 117 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3, lekha saM. 333 pR0 85 se 15 Page #383 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ dravya paramparAoM ke sahayogI rAjavaMza ] [ 325 sabhI bhAMti kI samacita vyavasthA ke lie mandira ke nAma para kRSi yogya eka upajAU bhUkhaNDa kA dAna kiyA / ' cAlukya sAmrAjya vastutaH hoyasala nareza viSNuvardhana ke baMkApura meM nivAsa karane ke samaya se hI lar3akhar3AnA prArambha ho gayA thaa| cAlukya samrATa tela tRtIya (I, 1146-63) ke eka azakta evaM ayogya zAsaka hone ke pariNAmasvarUpa cAlukya sAmrAjya kA vighaTana prArambha ho gyaa| cAlUkyoM ke kalacarI sAmanta vijjala ke antarmana meM, jo ki sainika sevA ke lie usake pUrvajoM ko cAlukyoM dvArA dI gaI tArada vADI kI jAgIra kA upayoga kara rahA thA, taila tRtIya kI ayogyatA azaktatA ko dekhakara eka mahAtvAkAMkSA kA udaya huprA / usane taila tRtIya kI ayogyatA kA lAbha uThAkara zanai:-zanai: apanI zakti ko sudRr3ha karanA prArambha kiyaa| kalacurI sAmanta bijjala kI hI bhAMti kAkatIya sAmantoM ne bhI cAlukya sAmrAjya dvArA, I. sana 1000 meM unheM pradatta sambI jile aura anupa koNDA kI apanI purAnI jAgIra meM nirantara vistAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| kalacUriyoM aura kAkatIya sAmantoM kI bhAMti devagiri ke yAvavoM ne bhI cAlukya sAmrAjya ke prati paramparAgata apanI svAmibhakti ko tilAMjali de apane svatantra rAjya kI sthApanA ke liye apanI zakti aura sImA kA vistAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| bijjala ne apanI mahatvAkAMkSA kI pUtti ke liye bar3I dUradarzitA se kAma liyA ! usane tela ke samakSa usake viruddha bhItara hI bhItara sulagatI huI vidroha kI prAga kA atiraMjita citra prastuta karate hae vidroha ko bhar3akAne se pahale hI kucala DAlane kA use parAmarza diyA / taila tRtIya ne bijjala ko apanA ananya hitaiSI samajha kara use sainya saMcAlana, koSopayoga Adi ke aneka uccAdhikAra pradAna kiye| ina adhikAroM kA upayoga bijjala ne apanI mahattvAkAMkSA kI pUrti hetu zakti saMcaya meM kiyaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki tela tRtIya nAma mAtra kA samrATa raha gayA kyoMki vastutaH sAmrAjya saMcAlana kI sampUrNa zakti bijjala ne I. san 1152 aura zrI klITa ke abhimatAnusAra IsvI san 1956 meM hI apane meM kendrita karalI thii| kaTanIti kA prAzraya lekara bijjala ne tela tatIya ko kAkatiyoM ke viruddha ukasA kara usase kAkatIya sAmanta prola kI rAjadhAnI anumakoNDA para AkramaNa karavA diyaa| prola satarka thA aura paryApta zakti saMcaya 1 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3, lekha saM. 327 2 jambU khaNDI tAlluka ke cikkalagI zilAlekha ke anumAra bijjala ne "mahAbhuja bana cakra kI upAdhi dhAraNa kara lI thI / An report S. I. epigrAphI 938-39 Page #384 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 326 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 kara cukA thA aura isake viparIta taila tRtIya kI zakti usake sAmantoM kI durabhisandhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa kSINa ho cukI thii| aisI sthiti meM anumakoNDA para mAkramaNa karate hI prola apanI zaktizAlI senA ke sAtha taila tRtIya ko parAsta kara use raNAMgaNa meM hI bandI banA liyaa| parantu prola ne cAlukya sAmrAjya ke sAtha apane paramparAgata sambandhoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue taila tRtIya ko mukta kara use sakuzala usakI rAjadhAnI kI ora lauTane kA samucita prabandha kara diyaa| prola ke pazcAt usake putra rudra aura taila tRtIya ke bIca zatrutA calatI rahI aura rudra ke AtaMka se taila tRtIya saMgrahaNI roga kA rogI bana I0 san 1962 meM paJcatva ko prApta humA / taila tRtIya kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bijjala vizAla sAmrAjya kA svAmI bana baitthaa| cAlukya sAmrAjya ke avazeSoM para kalacUrI rAjya kI sthApanA karate hI bijjala ne hoyasala rAjyAntargata vanavAsI pradeza para AkramaNa kara usa para apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara liyaa|' bAmbe gajaTa Vol. 1 Pt. II P. 474. Page #385 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa pichale prakaraNoM meM caityavAsI paramparA, bhaTTAraka paramparA, yApanIya paramparA Adi vibhinna paramparAmroM ke udbhava, vikAsa, pracAra-prasAra evaM unake kArya-kalApoM para jo prakAza DAlA gayA hai usase sahaja hI yaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki devagiriNa kSamAzramaraNa ke svargastha hone ke uttaravartI kAla meM jaina dharma kI adhyAtmaparaka mUla paramparA ke sthAna para dravya paramparAoM kA prAyaza: sarvatra varcasva sthApita ho gayA thA aura loka pravAha bhAva arcanA ko bhUla kara dravyArcanA ko hI dharma aura dharma ke svarUpa kA mUla samajhane lagA thA / dravya paramparA, dravyArcanA athavA dravya pUjA ke varcasva kAla meM jo mUla bhAva paramparA meM zithilAcAra kA prAbalya uttarottara bar3hatA gayA usase mumukSu sAdhutroM hat bar3I cintA huI / mUla paramparA ke varcasva ko punaH sthApita karane ke liye aneka zrAtmArthI mumukSu zrAcAryoM evaM zramaNoM vAdi ne aneka bAra prayAsa kiye / para unake pariNAma AzAnukUla nahIM nikale / isa sambandha meM vistRta rUpa se Age yathAsthAna vicAra kiyA jAyegA / aise prayatnoM ke asaphala hone para bhI ve mahApuruSa nirAza nahIM hue / unake prayatna nirantara jArI rahe / isakA pramANa hai samaya-samaya para catyavAsI paramparA ke andara se hI prakaTa hue kriyoddhAraka santa / jaina paramparA kA devadvigaNi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravarttI kAla kA sAhitya isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki ina dravya paramparAoMoM ke vArddhakya kAla meM bhI samaya-samaya para aneka AtmArthI zramaNoM ne AgamoM se dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajha kara ina dravya paramparAoM ke viruddha vidroha kiyaa| unhoMne prapanI dravya paramparAoM se pUrNata: bacakara bhAva paramparA ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye jIvana bhara athaka prayAsa kiye / unake prayAsa prAMzika rUpa meM hI saphala hue / yadi yaha kaha diyA jAya ki una kriyoddhArakoM meM se adhikAMza ko apane prayAsa meM vastutaH asaphalatA kA hI Page #386 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 328 ]] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 muMha dekhanA par3A to atizayokti nahIM hogii| unakI asaphalatA kA mUla kAraNa yaha thA ki dravya paramparAoM ke samarthakoM ne na kevala sattAdhIzoM ko hI apitu jana mAnasa ko bhI pUrNa rUpeNa prabhAvita kara apanI ora kara liyA thaa| dravya paramparAoM ke saMcAlakoM dvArA pracacana meM lAye hue cittAkarSaka dhArmika AyojanoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa ina paramparAoM dvArA pracalita kI gaI sabhI mAnyatAeM loka meM dharma ke nAma para rUr3ha ho gaI thii| isake sAtha hI una kriyoddhArakoM ke asaphala hone kA dUsarA pramukha kAraNa yaha thA ki ina zaktizAlI banI haI dravya paramparAoM ke anuyAyI rAjAoM, sAmantoM, koTyAdhIzoM, vyApAriyoM Adi ke dvArA jana sAdhAraNa ko jo pralobhana usa samaya prApta the, usa prakAra ke pralobhana dene kI sthiti meM ye naye kriyoddhAraka pUrNataH akSama the| bhAva paramparA kI punaH sthApanA ke liye samaya-samaya para mumukSutroM dvArA kiye gaye prayAsoM ke punaH punaH asaphala ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI bhAva paramparA ke pakSadhara sAdhu sAdhvI zrAvaka zrAvikA varga hatotsAhita nahIM huaa| bhAva paramparA ko punaH sthApita karane aura dravya paramparA ko nisatva evaM nirbala karane ke prayAsa adhyAtmaparaka prAtmArthI mumukSuoM dvArA samaya-samaya para kiye hI jAte rhe| "mahAnizItha sUtra" ke atha se iti taka adhyayana va paryAlocana se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa meM AsthA rakhane vAlA zramaNa varga evaM sAdhaka varga vastutaH jaina dharma ke svarUpa meM aura zramaNAcAra meM dravya paramparAoM dvArA lAI gaI vikRtiyoM se bar3A cintita rhaa| dharma ke mUla svarUpa meM uttarottara bar3hatI gaI vikRtiyoM aura zramaNa varga meM uttarottara bar3hatA humA zithilAcAra yaha saba kucha una prAcAryoM zramaNoM aura sAdhunoM ke hRdaya meM zalya kI taraha khaTakatA rhaa| .. mahAnizItha ke paryAlocana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta dharma saMgha meM uttarottara bar3hate hue mAnyatA bhedoM para yadi kisI prakAra kA aMkuza lagAkara jaina saMgha ko ekatA ke sUtra meM prAbaddha nahIM kiyA gayA to isake dUragAmI pariNAma bar3e bhayAvaha siddha hoMge isa AzaMkA se cintita hokara vibhinna paramparAoM ke nAyakoM ne bhAva paramparA aura aneka gaNoM, gacchoM, sampradAyoM evaM dharma saMghoM meM vibhakta huI dravya paramparAoM ke bIca samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| mahAnizItha kI racanA kisake dvArA aura kisa samaya meM kI gaI isa sambandha meM to, pramANAbhAva meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, parantu mahAnizItha meM hI vidyamAna ullekha se yaha nizcita rUpeNa kahA jA sakatA hai ki vikrama Page #387 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 326 saMvat 757 se 827 ke bIca hue prAcArya haribhadra sUri ne isakA zodhana parivarddhana punarAlekhana zrAdi ke rUpa meM punaruddhAra kiyA / ' mahAnizItha kI usa samaya meM upalabdha eka mAtra prati ke bahuta se sthala dImakoM dvArA khA liye gaye the / kahIM paMktiyAM, kahIM akSara, kahIM pRSTha to kahIM pUre ke pUre tIna-tIna patra naSTa ho gaye the / usa sar3I-galI aura dImakoM dvArA khAI huI mahAnizItha kI prati ke uddhAra ke pIche AcArya haribhadra kA aura unake sAtha madhura sambandha rakhane vAle vibhinna paramparAnoM ke katipaya zrAcAryoM kA mUla uddezya jaina dharma saMgha meM uttarottara bar3hate hue mAnyatA bheda ko yathA sambhava miTAnA athavA kama karanA aura aneka saMghoM, garaNoM, gacchoM athavA sampradAyoM ke rUpa meM chinna-bhinna hue dharmasaMgha meM eka samAna mAnyatAeM pracalita kara samanvaya sthApita karane kA thA / apane isa uddezya kI pUrti ke liye haribhadra sUri ne aura tatkAlIna vibhinna saMghoM ke AcAryoM ne mahAnizItha ke mUla pATha meM aneka navIna AlApaka pRSTha ke pRSTha bhI jor3e haiM, yaha mahAnizItha ke nimnalikhita pAThoM se svataH hI siddha hotA hai / (1) tahA prasanna su jANe netthaM lihijjai / (2) pAsatthe nANamAdIraNaM / (3) sacchande ussuttumaggagAmI / (4) sabale netthaM lihijjati gaMtha vittharabhayA / (5) bhagavayA uraNa etthaM patthAve kusIlAdI mahayA pabaMgheNaM pannavie / (6) etthaM ca jA jA katthai annanna vAyaraNA sA sumuNiya- samaya-sArehiM na poseyavvA, jo mUlAdarise caiva bahuM gaMthaM vippaNaTThaM / 1 ettha ya jattha payaM paraNAnulaggaM suttAlAvagaM na saMpajjai, tattha tattha suyaharehiM kulihiya doso na dAyavvo tti / kintu jo so eyassA acita cintAmariNa kappa bhUyassa mahAnisIha suyakkhaMghassa puvvAyariso grAsi, tahi ceva khaMDAkhaMDIe udde hiyAiehi heUhi bahave paNNagA parisaDiyA / tatthA vi " praccaMta sumaha" pratthAisayaM ti imaM mahAnisIha suyakkhaMdhaM kasiraga pavayaraNassa parama sArabhUyaM paraM tattaM mahatthaM "tti kaliUNaM" / pavaraNa vacchalattaNeNaM bahu bhavva sattovayAriyaM ca nADaM tahA ya prAya hiyaTThAe prAyariya haribhadde gaM jaM tattha prAyarise diTTha taM savvaM sa matIe sAhiUraNaM lihiyaM ti / annehi pisiddhase divAkara vuDDhavAI jakkhaseNa devagutta jasavaddharaNa khamAsamaraNasIsa ravigutta nemicaMda jinadAsa gariNa khamaga savva risi pamuhehiM jugappahAraNa suyaha rehi hunna iti / ( mahAnizItha jaitAraNa se prApta hastalikhita prati ) Page #388 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 330 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga -- (7) tAhiM ca jatya jattha saMbaMdhAragulaggaM saMbujjhai, tattha tattha bahuehi suyaharehiM saMmiliuNaM saMgovaMga duvAlasa aMgAo muyasamuddAsro anna-manna- aMga-uvaMgasuyakkhaMgha-prajjhayaNa uddesagAraNaM samucciriNaUNa kiMci kiMci saMvajjhamANaM etthaM lihiyaM, nauNa saka kavvaM kathaM ti / ( mahAnizItha, tIsarA adhyayana, pRSTha 71, pairA 46 - hembarga (jarmanI) se san 1963 meM prakAzita / (2) eyassa ya kulihiya doso na dAyavvo suyaharehiM / kiMtu jo ceva eyassa puNvAyariso grAsi tattha eva katthai silogo, katthai silogaddha, katthai payakkharaM, katthai prakkhara, paMtiyA, katthai paSNagA putthiyaM katthai be tinni pannagAriNa evamAi bahu gandhaM parigaliyaM ti / (vahI, hembarga meM prakAzita mahAnizItha pRSTha 30 pairA 28 ) arthAt - " isa mahAnizItha meM kahIM-kahIM jo vAcanA bheda dRSTigocara hotA hai, usake liye siddhAntoM aura zAstroM ke marmajJoM ko cAhiye ki ve doSa na deM kyoMki isa grantha kI jo mUla Adarza prati thI, usameM bahuta sA aMza naSTa ho gayA thA / jina jina sthaloM para naSTa hue mUla pATha ke sthAna para jo kucha susambaddha aura samucita pATha pratIta hotA thA, isa prakAra ke pATha sthAna-sthAna para bahuta se zAstrajJa niSNAta zrutagharoM ne eka sAtha baiThakara evaM vicAra vimarza karake zrutasamudra ke zrarthAt dvAdazAMgI, anyAnya aMga, upAMga, zrutaskandha, adhyayana evaM uddezakoM se cunacuna kara una rikta sthaloM meM usase sambandhita nayA pATha likha diyA / vaha koI unakI svatantra kRti nahIM thI / zrutadharoM ko isa prakAra kA doSa nahIM denA cAhiye ki isa mahAnizItha ke pAThoM ko samucita rUpa meM nahIM likhA gayA hai, bure DhaMga se likhA gayA hai / kyoMki isakI jo mUla Adarza prati thI, usameM kahIM zloka, kahIM zlokAddha, kahIM pada, kahIM akSara, kahIM paMktiyAM, kahIM pRSTha aura kahIM-kahIM do-tIna panne naSTa ho gaye the / isa prakAra grantha kA bahuta-sA bhAga gala gayA thA / " ghANerAva sAdar3I ( rAjasthAna ) se prApta huI mahAnizItha kI hastalikhita prati ke pRSTha 24 ( 1 ) ke dakSiNI hAziye meM nimnalikhita pATha likhA huA milatA hai : :-- " mUla sUtra meM likhyo jihAM pada, AlAvA, (AlApaka) na saMpaje tihAM sUtra gharaM kulirUyA no doSa na devo je bharaNI (isaliye ki ) e sUtra nA gharaNAM pAnAM saDyA dekhI bhavajIva nimittaM ATha zrAcArye haribhadra sUra, siddhasena divAkara, vRddhavAdI, jakkhasairaNa (yakSasena), devagupta, jinadAsagariNa, jasavaddharaNa aura nemicandra sAta-ATha navA AlAvA (AlApaka) ghAlyA che / " Page #389 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 331 uparyullikhita ina saba uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya zrI haribhadra ne apane samaya ke prasiddha evaM janapriya sAta anya vidvAn AcAryoM ke sAtha vicAra-vimarza kara dImakoM dvArA khAI huI athavA sar3I-galI mahAnizItha sUtra kI prati meM kucha naye AlApaka naye vAkya naye zabda aura naye pRSTha jor3akara usa mahAnizItha kA uddhAra kiyaa| jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai mahAnizItha ke isa uddhAra ke pIche mUla uddezya vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta jainadharmasaMgha ko ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha karanA thaa| apane isa prayAsa meM prAcArya zrI haribhadra aura unake samaya ke, samakAlIna vibhinna sampradAyoM ke, mAnyatAoM ke prAcAryoM ne aisI dhArmika kriyAoM ko bhI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI dhArmika dainandinI meM jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA, jinakA ki mUla prAmamoM meM sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| unake dvArA aisA kiye jAne ke pIche kyA-kyA kAraNa rahe hoMge, una kAraNoM ke sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se to kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA para anumAna yahI kiyA jAtA hai ki jo dravya paramparAoM dvArA pracAlita dvadhyArcanA ke jo-jo vidhi-vidhAna dhArmika rItirivAjoM ke rUpa meM jana-jana ke mAnasa meM ghara kara gaye the athavA jo vidhi-vidhAna bahasaMkhyaka jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke jIvana meM rUr3ha ho gaye the aura jinako haTAnA athavA jinakA khule zabdoM meM virodha karanA una prAcAryoM ko sambhava pratIta nahIM ho rahA thA, una katipaya dhArmika rIti-rivAjoM ko, una dhArmika dainika kartavyoM ko unhoMne dharma ke abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM mAnya kara liyaa| aisA karane meM unake antarmana para sambhavataH kAphI bojha par3A, aisA AbhAsa mahAnizItha kI tad-tad prasaMginI bhASA se hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM liyA jAya to paMca maMgala prakaraNa meM caityavandana kA avirata gRhastha ke liye vidhAna kiyA hai, dravya pUjA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai kintu dUsarI ora sAvadyAcArya ke nAma se caityavAsiyoM dvArA abhihita (sambodhita) kiye jAne vAle prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ke prakaraNa meM caitya nirmANa ke kArya ko aisA sAvadha kArya batAyA gayA hai jisakA eka caritraniSTha paMca mahAvratadhArI sAdhu vacanamAtra se bhI anumodana nahIM kara sktaa| isa prakAra ke aneka prasaMga haiM, jinase yaha spaSTa rUpa se prakaTa hotA hai ki jina kAryoM kA eka aora sAdhAraNa rUpa se vidhAna kiyA gayA hai to dUsarI ora unhIM bAtoM kA bar3I zaktizAlI nirNAyaka bhASA meM niSedha kiyA gayA hai / mahAnizItha sUtra meM jo isa prakAra ke prakaraNa ullikhita haiM, unasa to aisA hI pratIta hotA hai ki unake dvArA dravya paramparAoM kA, mUla bhAvaparamparA ke sAtha samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| una saba para yahAM prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai : dravya paramparA aura bhAva paramparA, dravya pUjA aura bhAva pUjA, dravyastava aura bhAvastava athavA dravya arcanA aura bhAva arcanA-ye katipaya viSaya Arya Page #390 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 332 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke uttaravartI kAla ke prArambha se lekara arthAta caityavAsI Adi dravya paramparAtroM ke abhyudayakAla se lekara adyAvadhi paryanta bar3e carcA ke viSaya rahe haiM / isa viSaya meM mahAnizItha sUtra meM bar3e sundara DhaMga se prakAza DAlA gayA hai / vaha mUla prakaraNa sArAMza ke sAtha yahAM avikala rUpa se diyA jA rahA hai| (16) 34 tesi ya tiloga mahiyANa dhamma titthaMkarANa jaga gurUraNaM / bhAvaccaNa davvaccaraNa bhedena duha accaraNa bhariNayaM // 35 bhAvaccaraNa carittAraNahAraNa kaThThagga ghora tava caraNaM / davvaccaraNa virayAviraya sIla-pUyA-sakkAra-dANAdi / / tA goyamA / NaM esa ettha paramatthe, taM jahAH 36 bhAvaccaraNaM ugga vihArayA ya davaccaNaM tu jiNa-pUyA / paDhamA jatINa, donni vi gihINa, paDhamAcciya pasatthA / (2) (17) (1) etthaM ca goyamA ! kei amuriNaya samaya sambhAve, (ava) prosanna vihArI, nIya vAsiyo, adiTTha paraloga paccavAe, sayaM mati, iDDhi rasa sAya gAravAi mucchie rAga dosa mohAhaMkAra mamikArAisu paDibaddha, kasiNa saMjaya saddhamma paraMmuhe, niddaya nittisa nigghiraNa akaluNa nikkive, pAvAyaraNekka abhiniviTTha buddhi egateNaM aicaMDa rodda kUrAbhiggahiya micchadiTThiNo, (3) kaya savva sAvajja joga paccakkhANa vippamukkAsesa saMgAraMbha pariggahe tiviheNaM paDivanna sAmAie ya davvattAe na bhAvattAe nAmametta muMDe, araNagAre mahavvayadhArI samaNe vi bhavittANaM evaM mannamANe savvahA ummaggaM pavattaMti, (4) jahA kila "amhe arahatANaM bhagavaMtANaM gaMdha malla padIva saMmajja govaleveNa vicitta vattha bali dhUyAiehiM pUyAsakkArehiM aNu diyahaM abhaccaNaM pakuvvANA titthucchappaNaM kremo|" (5) taM ca no raNaM "taha" tti goyamA ! smnnujaannejjaa| Page #391 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 333 (18) (1) "se bhayavaM ! keNaM pratyeNaM evaM vuccai, jahA NaM : taM va no eM - "taha" ti samaNujANejjA ?" (2) goyamA ! taya atthANusAreNaM asaMjama bAhulaM, asaMjama bAhuleNaM ca. thUlaM kammAsavaM, thUla kammAsavAno ya ajjhavasAyaM paDuccA thUlayara suhAsuha kamma-payaDi baMdho savva sAvajja virayAraNaM ca vayabhaMgo (3) vayabhaMgeNaM ca prANAikkama, prANAikkameNaM tu ummagga gAmittaM ummagga gAmitteNaM ca sammaggapaloyaNaM ummaggapavattaraNaM (4) sammagga vippaloyaNeNaM ca jaINaM mahatI prAsAyaNA, tAno ya praNaMta saMsAra AhiMDaNaM (5) eeNaM atyeNaM goyamA / evaM vuccai jahA eM goyamA / no NaM taM "taha" tti smnnujaannejjaa| (16) 37 davvatthavAo bhAvatthavaM tu, davvattharo bahuguNo bhavau tamhA / abuha jaNe buddhIyaM, chakkAya hiyaM tu goyamANuDheM // 38 akasiNa pavittagANaM virayA virayANa esa khalu jutto| je kasiNa saMjama viU pupphAdiyaM na kappae tesi tu // 36 kiM manne goyamA ! esa battIsi dANuThie / jamhA tamhA u ubhayaM pi aNuLejja etthaM na bujjhasi / / 40 viNiyogaM evaM taM taM si bhAvatthavAsaMbhavo thaa| bhAvaccA ya uttamayaM dasaNNabhadega pAyaDe / / 41 jaheva dasaNNabhaddeNaM uyAharaNaM taheva ya / cakkahara bhANu sasi datta damagAdihiM viNiddise / 42 pucchaM te goyamA ! tAva jaM suriMdehiM bhttio| saviDhie annasame pUyA sakkAre kae / 43 tA kiM taM savva-sAvajja-tivihaM viraehimaNuThiyaM / uyAhu savaThAmesu savvahA aviraesu u ? // Page #392 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 334 ] 44 naNu bhayavaM suravaridehi avirahiM subhattIe pUyA 45 tA [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga : savvaThAmesu sakkAre kae || savvahA / jai evaM tano bujjha goyamA nIsaMsayaM / desa-viraya avirayANaM tu viriNogam ubhayatthavi // 46 saMyama eva savva titthaMkarehiM jaM goyamA ! samAyariyam / kasiNa aTTha kamma khaya- kAriyaM tu bhAvatthayaM praNuTThe || 47 bhavatI u gamAgama jaMtu pharisaNAi pamaddaNaM jattha | sa- para hiovarayANaM na maraNaM pi pavattae tattha // 48 tAsa para hiovaraehiM savvaTThANa esiyavvaM visesaM / jaM parama sAra bhUyaM visesavaMtaM ca praNuTTheyaM // 46 tA parama sAra bhUyaM visesavaMtaM ca sAhu vaggassa / egaMtahiyaM pacchaM suhAvahaM eya paramatthaM // taM jahA : ( 20 ) 50 merutuMge mariNa maMDiekka kaMcaNamae parama ramme / nayaNa maraNAnaMdayare pabhUya vinnAga sAisae || 51 susiliTTha visiTTha sulaTTha caMDa suvibhatta muNivese / bahu siMhayaNa ghaMTA dhayAule pavara toraNa saragAhe || 52 suvisAla suvitthipaNe pae pae pecchiyavva ya sirIe / maghamaghamaghaMta ijyaMta agaru kappUra caMdaraNAmoe || 53 bahu viha vicitta bahu pupphamAi pUyAruhe mupUe ya / nicca paraNaccira nADaya syAule mahura mura va saddAle || 54 kuTTata rAsa jaNa saya samAule jiNa kahA khitta cittaM / pakahaMta kahaga naccaMta catta gaMdhavva tUra nighose || 55 emAdi guNove pae pae savva meiraNI vatthe (TThe ) / niya bhuya vidhatta puSNajjieNa nAyAgaeNa pratthe || 56 kaMcaraNa maNi somAraNe thaMbha sahassUsie suvaNNa tale / jo kAravejja jiNahare to vi tatra saMjamo graNaMta guNoti // Page #393 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 335 (21) 57 tava saMjameNa bahu bhava samajjiyaM pAva kamma mala levaM / niddhoviUNa airA aNaMta sokkhaM vae mokkhaM / / 58 kAu pi jiNAyayaNehiM maMDiyaM savva meiNI vaTeM / dANAi caukkeNaM su? vigacchejja accuyaM na paro goyamA gihi tti / / 56 jai tA lava sattama suravimANavAsI bi parivaDaMti surA / sesaM citijjataM saMsAre sAsayaM kayaraM ? // 60 kaha taM bhaNNau sokkhaM sucireNa vi jattha dukhaM alliyai / jaM ca maraNAvasANaM sutheva kAlIya tucchaM tu ? / / 61 savveNa vi kAleNaM jaM sayala narAmarANa bhavai suhaM / taM na ghaDai samayaNubhUya mokkha sokkhassa aNaMta bhAge vi // 62 saMsAriya sokkhANaM samahaMtANaM pi goyamANege / majjhe dukkha sahasse ghora payaMDe Nu bhujjati // 63 tAiM ca sAya veoyaeNa na yaraNaMti mNdbddhoe| maNikaNaga selamaya loDhagaM gale jahava vaNiya ghUyA / / mokkha suhassa u dhamma sadeva maNuyAsure jage etthaM / no bhANiUNa sakkA nagaraguNe jahava ya puliMdo / / 65 kaha ta bhaNNau puNNaM sucireNavi jassa dIsae aMtaM / jaM ca virasAvasAraNaM jaM saMsArANUbaMdhi ca ? / / 66 ta mura vimAraNa vihavaM citiya cavaNaM ca devlogaayo| aivaliyaM ciya hiyayaM jaM na vi saya-sikkaraM jAi / / 67 nagAmu jAI aidUmahAI dukkhAiM prmtikkhaaii| ko vaNNehi tAI jIvaMto vAsa koDi pi ? / / 68 tA goyamA ! dasa viha dhamma ghora tava saMjamAraTThANassa / bhAvatthavaM iti nAma teNeva labhejja akkhayaM sokhaM ti / / (22) 66 nAraga bhava tiriya bhave amarabhave suravai taNe vA bi / no ta lanbhai goyama ! jattha va tattha va maNuya jamme / / Page #394 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 336 ]. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 70 sumahaM accaMta-pahINe susaMjamAvaraNa-nAmaghejjesu / - tAhe goyama ! pANI bhAvatthaya-jogayaM uvei / / 71 jammaMtara saMciya garuya puNNa panbhAra saMviDhatteNa / mANUsajammeNa viNA no lanbhai uttamaM dhammaM / / 72 jassANubhAvapro sucariyassa nisalla daMbha rahiyassa / labbhai aulamaraNaMtaM akkhaya sokkhaM tiloyagge // 73 taM bahu bhava saMciya tuga-pAva-kammaTTha-rAsi-dahaNaTheM / laddha mANusajammaM vivegamAdihiM saMjuttaM / / 74 jo na kuNai attahiyaM suyANusAreNa pAsavanirohaM / cattiga sIlaMga-sahassa-dhAraNeNaM tu apamatto / / 75 so dIhara avvocchinna ghora dukkhaggi dAva pajjaliyo / ubveviya saMtatto praNaMtahutto subahukAlaM // 76 duggaMdhAmejha cilINa-khAra-pittojjha-siMbha-paDahatthe / vasa jalusa pUya duddiNa ciliccile ruhira cikkhalle / / 77 kaDha kaDha kaDhaMta cala cala calassa talatalatalassa rjhNto| saMpiDiyaMgamaMgo joNi joriNa vAsa gabbhe / ekkekka gambhavAse sujatiyaMgo puNaravi bhamejjA / / 78 tA saMtAva uvvevaga jamma jarA maraNa gambhavAsAi / / saMsAriya dukkhANaM vicittarUvAraNa bhIeNaM / 76 bhAvatthavANubhAvaM asesa bhava bhaya khayaMkaraM nAu / tattha eva mahaMtAbha ujjhameNaM daDhaM praccaMtaM payaiyavvaM / / 80 iyaM vijjAhara kinnara nareNa sasurAsureNa vi jageNa / saMthavvate vihatthavehi te tihayaNekkIse / / goyamA ! dhamma titthaMkare jiNe arihaMte ti / / . arthAt-"una jagadguru triloka pUjya dharma tIrthaMkaroM kI arcanA do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| eka bhAva arcanA aura dUsarI dravyaarcanA / (caritra kA pAlana, ghora kaThora ugra tapa kA prAcaraNa-yaha bhAva arcanA hai aura pUjA satkAra karanA evaM dAna denA Adi Page #395 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 337 dravyArcanA hai / to gautama ! nizcita rUpa se jo kalyANakArI hai vaha isa prakAra hai : (ugra vihAra bhAvArcana hai aura jina pUjA yaha dravyArcana hai tathA pahalI ugra vihAra rUpa bhAva arcanA yatiyoM ke lie hai aura gRhasthoM ke liye donoM hI prakAra kI arcanA kahI gaI hai, para ina meM pahalI bhAva arcanA hI prazasta hai| ___ gautama ! yahAM siddhAntoM ke marma se anabhijJa aneka aise sAdhu jo vihAra kA parityAga kara niyata nivAsa karane vAle haiM, paraloka meM unakA kaisA ghora ahita hogA, isa para vicAra na karake svecchAcArI bane hue Rddhi, rasa, sAtA, garva-mUcchita haiM aura jo rAga, dveSa, moha, ahaMkAra aura mamatva Adi ke dAsa bane hue haiM, jo saMyama aura saddharma se parAMgmukha haiM, nirdaya nistriza, ghRNAspada, krUra, pApAcAra-parAyaNa, ekAntataH prati caMDa, raudra evaM krUra manobhAva vAle mithyA dRSTi loga saba prakAra ke sAvadha yogoM kA saMga, prArambhaparigraha jIvana bhara trikaraNa triyoga se tyAga kara bhI dravya rUpa se saMyama grahaNa kiye hue haiM, na ki bhAva rUpa se, jo nAma mAtra ke araNagAra haiM, ve yaha kahate hue unmArga meM pravRtta hote haiM ki hama arhanta bhagavantoM kA gandha, mAlA, pradIpa, snAna, upalepana, sundara, vastra, bali, dhUpa mAdi se pUjA satkAra karate hue aura pratidina abhyarcana karate hue dharma tIrtha kA utthAna karate haiM / he gautama ! una logoM kA yaha kathana vastutaH satya nahIM hai / kyoMki unake isa prakAra ke kArya kalApoM meM asaMyama kA bAhulya hai| prasaMyama kI bahulatA se sthala karmoM kA Azrava hotA hai aura sthUla karmoM ke prAzrava se ati sthUla karma prakRtiyoM kA bandha aura saba prakAra ke sAvadha karmoM ke tyAgI sAdhunoM ke vrata kA bhaMga hotA hai| vrata bhaMga se tIrthaMkaroM kI prAjJA kA atikramaNa hotA hai| AjJA ke atikrama se unmArga gAmitA utpanna hotI hai| unmArga gAmI ho jAne se samagra acchAiyoM kA lopa ho jAtA hai| saba prakAra kI acchAiyoM ke lopa ho jAne se yatiyoM kI bar3I AsAtanA hotI hai| yatiyoM kI prAsAtanA se vaha arhantoM kI AjJA kA atikramaNa karane vAlA sAdhu ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| dravyastava aura bhAvastava, inameM dravyastava bar3A guNakArI hai-isa prakAra kI buddhi aprabuddha vyaktiyoM meM hotI hai kyoMki he gautama ! sarvathA SaDjIva nikAya kA hita karanA ucita hai| jinhoMne sampUrNa Page #396 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 338 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sAvadya karmoM kA tyAga nahIM kiyA hai, una viratAviratoM ke liye yaha dravyastava upayukta hai kintu jinhoMne sampUrNa sAvadha karmoM kA tyAga kara evaM saMyama grahaNa kara saMyama ke mahatva ko jAna liyA hai, unake liye puSpAdika kabhI nahIM kalpate / he gautama ! yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 32 indroM ne bhI puSpAdika se pUjA kI isaliye jisa kisI bhI taraha ho dravya pUjA aura bhAva pUjA donoM hI karanI cAhiye / gautama ! vastuta: yahAM unheM vAstavika tatva kA bodha nahIM hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki una deva devendroM ke liye bhAvastava asambhava hai| bhAvaarcanA vastuta: atyuttama hai, yaha to dazArNa bhadra ke dRSTAnta se prakaTa hI hai| jisa prakAra dazArNabhadra kA udAharaNa hai, usI prakAra cakravartI, bhAnu, zazidatta aura dramuka Adi ke dRSTAnta samajhane cAhiye / gotama ! devendroM ne apanI sampUrNa Rddhi ke sAtha bhaktipUrvaka tIrthakaroM kI pUjA kI, unakA satkAra kiyaa| vaha saba kucha kyA sabhI prakAra ke sAvadya karmoM kA trividha trikaraNa se tyAga karane vAle viratoM dvArA kiyA gayA thA ? athavA sarvathA sadA sabhI avasthAoM meM avirata logoM dvArA kiyA gayA thA ! bhagavan ! devendroM ne jo apUrva bhakti ke sAtha tIrthaMkaroM kA pUjA satkAra kiyA, vaha saba bhAMti sabhI dazAoM meM avirata prANiyoM dvArA kiyA gayA pUjA satkAra thaa| to he gautama ! yadi aisI bAta hai to isa tathya ko niHsaMzaya hokara hRdayaMgama karo ki dezavirata aura avirata ina donoM meM bhI kitanA antara hai ? isa bAta ko samajha kara he gautama ! sabhI tIrthakaroM ne svayaM jo AcaraNa kiyA hai, sampUrNa AThoM karmoM ko samUla naSTa karane vAle usa bhAvastava kA hI anuSThAna karanA cAhiye / gautama ! jahAM arthAt jisa dravyArcanA meM gamanAgamana kAla meM pRthvI apa, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati evaM asa ina SaD jIva nikAya ke prANiyoM kI sparza, mardana evaM hiMsA rUpa jo pApa karma hote haiM, usa kArya meM sva tathA para ke hita meM nirata rahane vAle vyakti mana mAtra se bhI pravRtti nahIM krte| isaliye sva para hita meM nirata rahane vAle vijJoM ko sabhI kAryoM meM jo zreSTha ho, usI ko cunanA cAhiye tathA jo kArya parama sArabhUta aura sarvottama vizeSatAoM se yukta ho, usI kArya ko karanA caahiye|" vaha sArabhUta sarvottama kArya isa prakAra hai "parvatAdhirAja sumeru parvata ke uccatama zikhara ke sannibha gaganasparzI vizuddha svarNa se nirmita, sabhI bhAMti kI utkRSTa koTi Page #397 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa 1 [ 336 kI maNiyoM se jaTita khacita atIva sundara parama nayanAbhirAma sthApatyakalA ke uccatama vijJAna ke udAharaNasvarUpa aneka prakAra ke manohArI citroM se citrita bhittI vAle agaNita zRgATakoM, ghaMTAnoM, dhvajAoM se suzobhita, ati sundara toraNoM se yukta, ati vizAla, ati vistIrNa, paga-paga para darzanIya priyadarzI dRzyoM se saMkula, jalate hae agara, kapUra, candana Adi ke dhapa se magamagAyamAna, vicitra voM ke sabhI jAtIya puSpoM se AcchAdita, ati madhura sammohaka nATya natya vAdiMtra prAdi kI dhvaniyoM se nirantara mukharita, jinezvaroM kI jIvana kathAnoM se citrita bhitticitroM vAle, jahAM jinezvaroM ke jIvana vRttoM para nirantara rAsa, kathAnaka, kIrtana Adi vividha vAdya vRndoM ke ati sundara tAla svaroM para cala rahe hoM, ityAdi aneka guNoM se yukta paga-paga para sampUrNa vasundharA ke zRMgArabhUta, apanI bhujAoM ke bala se ajita puNya ke prabhAva se nyAyapUrvaka upArjita dravya dvArA krIta kaMcana mariNayoM ke sahasroM sahasra stambhoM para AdhArita aura svarNa nirmita prAMgana bhitti evaM chata vAle jinezvaroM ke mandiroM se yadi koI vyakti sampUrNa dharAtala ko prAcchAdita kara de, to bhI lava mAtra mAcarita tapa saMyama isa prakAra ke usa vicitra jina mandira-nirmANa kArya kI tulanA meM ananta guNA zreSTha hai / " "kyoMki tapa aura saMyama koTi-koTi bhavoM meM upArjita pApa karma lepa ko dhokara svalpa kAla meM hI ananta-ananta sukhoM ke nidhAna mokSa dhAma ko pradAna karatA hai| he gautama ! sampUrNa vasundharA ke tala ko jinAyatanoM se maMDita karane aura dAnAdi catuSka ke dene ke uparAnta bhI eka gRhastha acyuta nAmaka svarga taka jA sakatA hai, usase Age nhiiN| lava sattama deva vimAnoM ke vAsI devatA bhI eka na eka dina vahAM se cyavana karate haiM to phira saMsAra meM aura dUsaroM kI to gaNanA hI kyA hai| vastutaH isa saMsAra meM zAzvata hai hI kyA ? use sukha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai, jise antatogatvA dukha prA gheratA hai ? kyoMki bahata lambe kAla ke pazcAt bhI jahAM mRtyu aura avasAna ke liye avakAza hai, vaha vastutaH tuccha hI hai| anAdi bhUta, ananta bhaviSya aura vartamAna ina tInoM kAla ke samasta deva devendroM aura nara narendroM ke sampUrNa sukha ko eka sthAna para piMDI bhUta kara diyA jAya to bhI vaha sArA sAMsArika sUkha mokSa ke eka samaya (kAla kA sUkSmAtisUkSma parimANa) mAtra ke sukha ke anantaveM bhAga kI bhI tulanA nahIM kara sktaa| gautama ! saMsAra ke bar3e se bar3e sarvotkRSTa sukha meM bhI hajAroM prakAra ke duHkha, ghora anutApa aura Page #398 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 340 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pracaNDa vedanAeM anubhava kI jAtI haiM / una vedanAoM ko, una ghora dukhoM ko, una sahasroM sahasra tApa saMtApoM ko prANI apanI manda buddhi ke kAraNa aura sAtA vedanIya ke pariNAmasvarUpa ThIka usI prakAra nahIM jAnatA jisa prakAra ki maNi maMDita svarNapatra se veSTita prastara zilA ko apane gale meM laTakAye hue vaNik vadhUTi usa zilA ke bhAra ko anubhava nahIM krtii| saMsAravAsI devoM, manuSyoM evaM asuroM Adi meM se koI bhI saMsArI prANI mokSa ke sukhoM kA ThIka usI prakAra varNana nahIM kara sakatA, jisa prakAra ki jIvana bhara vikaTa aTavI meM hI rahA humA eka pulinda (bhilla) nagara ke guNoM kA varNana karane meM asamartha-akSama rahatA hai| use puNNa (pUrNa aura puNya donoM kA prAkRta rUpa) kaise kahA jA sakatA hai, jisakA ki sudIrgha kAla se hI sahI para eka na eka dina anta honA sunizcita hai aura vastuta: jisameM virasatA (kaTutA dukhAnubhUti ke bhAva), avasAna (anta-samApti) aura bhava bhramaraNa kI zrRMkhalA kA bandha karAne vAlI zakti vidyamAna hai| deva vimAna se cyavanakAla meM vahAM se cyuta hone vAlA prANI deva vimAna ke vaibhava aura devaloka se cyavana kI bAta socakara gahana cintA meM magna ho jAtA hai| usakA hRdaya isa prakAra Akula vyAkula ho jAtA hai mAno usake sau-sau Tukar3e ho rahe hoM / naraka yoni meM ati duHsahya evaM ati kaThora aura ghora jo dukha hai, usakA varNana koI vyakti koTi-koTi varSoM kI AyuSya pAkara bhI nahIM kara sktaa| isaliye he gautama ! dasa prakAra ke dharma, ghora tapazcaraNa aura saMyama ke paripAlana kA hI nAma bhAvastava hai| vastuta: isa bhAvastava se hI akSaya avyAbAdha zAzvata sukha kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai / gautama ! usa bhAvastava ke karane kA saubhAgya naraka, tiryanca aura deva bhavoM meM tathA indra pada prApta kara lene para bhI prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha saubhAgya to kevala manuSya bhava meM hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / gautama! saMyamAvaraNa nAma karma ke vipula kSaya hone para prANI ko bhAvastava karane kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai / janmajanmAntaroM meM saMcita gurutara puNya ke prabhAva se saMprApta mAnava bhava ke binA uttama dharma-bhAvastava prApta nahIM hotaa| zalya aura dambha se pUrNataH rahita, trikaraNa-triyoga se vizuddha rUpeNa Acarita usa bhAvastava athavA uttama dharma ke kRpA prasAda se hI prANI tInoM lokoM ke mUrdhanya agrabhAga meM atula ananta zAzvata ziva sukha prApta karatA hai| janma-janmAntaroM meM saMcita AThoM pApakarmoM kI uttuMga apAra rAziyoM ko bhasmAvaziSTa karane ke liye viveka Adi se saMyukta manuSya janma ko pAkara bhI jo prANI pAzravoM ke nirodha ke sAtha Page #399 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika paraM asaphala prayAsa ] [ 341 apramatta bhAva se zAstrAjJA ke anusAra isa uttama dharma bhAvastava ke dhAraNa ke dvArA apanA Atma-kalyANa nahIM kara karatA, vaha sudIrgha kAla taka ghorAtighora dAruNa dukhoM kI avicchinna dAhaka paramparA meM dagdha hotA huA ananta kAla taka ananta bAra ghora saMtApoM se saMtrasta evaM prakampita hotA rahatA hai| vaha duHsahya durgandha, mala-mUtra, rudhira, majjA, kSAra, pitta, vasA ke kIcar3a se bharI huI vividha yoniyoM ke garbhAvAsa meM ghora dukhoM kA bhAjana banatA hai| ataH saMtApa udvega, janma, jarA, mRtyu, punaH punaH garbhAvAsa Adi saMsAra ke ghora dukhoM se bhayabhIta hone vAle mAnava ko janma, jarA, mRtyu prAdi saba prakAra ke bhayoM ko naSTa karane vAle bhAvastava ke mahatva ko jAnakara pUrI dRr3hatA, niSThA aura kaThora parizrama ke sAtha use jIvana meM DhAlane ke liye prANapraNa se prayAsa karanA cAhiye / ")T isa prakAra AcArya haribhadra ne aura unake samakAlIna katipaya prAcAryoM ne dravyastava aura bhAvastava ke prazna ko lekara aneka athavA agaNita pRthak-pRthak ikAiyoM meM vibhakta hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ko ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha karane ke uddezya se mahAnizItha kA uddhAra karate samaya uparilikhita pATha ke mAdhyama se prathama prayAsa kiyaa| mUla pATha ke ina zabdoM se pratyeka vijJa sahaja hI anumAna lagA sakatA hai ki isa prakAra ke samanvaya ke prayAsa meM mahatva dravyastava kA adhika rahA athavA bhAvastava kaa| isa prakAra dravyArcanA aura bhAvArcanA kI eka vivAdAspada samasyA meM samAdhAna ke liye haribhadrAdi pATha prAcAryoM ne samanvayakAriNI isa prathama mAnyatA ko ekamata se svIkAra kiyaa| dUsarI jo mAnyatA rakhI gaI vaha hai caityavAsI paramparA ke abhyudaya kAla se hI dravya paramparAoM ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma saMgha meM rUr3ha huI caitya vandana kI maanytaa| uparokta AThoM hI prAcAryoM ne sambhavataH ise eka mata se svIkAra kiyaa| caitya vandana kI mAnyatA ke sambandha meM jo katipaya pATha mahAnizItha ke tRtIya adhyayana meM haribhadra dvArA mahAnizItha ke uddhAra ke samaya likhe gaye, ve isa prakAra hai : 1. se bhayavaM kayarAe vihIe paMca maMgalassa NaM viNagrovahANaM kAyavvaM ? 2. goyamA ! imAe vihIe paMca maMgalassa NaM viNaovahANaM kAyavvaM, taM jahA: supasatthe ceva sohaNe tithi karaNa muhutta nakkhata joga laggasasibale Page #400 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 342 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 3. vippamukka jAyAe mayAsaMkeNa, saMjAya saddhA saMvega sutivvatara mahaMtulla saMta suhajjhavasAyANagaya bhatti bahumANapuvvaM niNiyANa duvAlasa bhattaTThiyeNaM 4. ceimAlaye jaMtuvirahirogAse 5. bhattibbhara nibbharuddha siya sa sIsaromAvali paphulla vayaNa sayavatta pasaMta soma thira diTThI 6. nava nava saMvega samucchalaMta saMjAya bahala ghaNa nirantara aciMta parama suha pariNAma visesullasiya sajIva vIriyANusamaya vivaddhata pamoya suvisuddha suriNammala vimala thira raDhayarantakaraNeNaM 7. khiti nihiya jAnu nasi uttamaMga kara kamala maula sohaMjalipuDeNaM 8. siri usabhAi pavara-vara-dhammatitthayara paDimA biMba viNivesiya nayaraNa mANasegagga taggaya ajjhavasAeNaM 6. samayaNNu daDha carittAdi guNa saMpanovaveya guru saddattha aTThANuhAe karaNekka vaddha lakkha tavAhiya guru vayaNa viNiggayaM 10. viNayAdi bahumANa pariprosANukaMpovaladdha 11. aNegasoga saMtAvuvvega mahAvAhi veyaNA ghora dukkha dAridda kilesa roga jamma jarA maraNa gambhavAsa nivAsAi duTTha sAvagAgAha bhIma bhavodahi taraMDagabhUyaM iNamo 12. mayalAgamamajjhavattagassa picchata dosovahaya visiTaThabaddhi parikappiya kubhaNiya aghaDamANa asesa heu diLeMta jutti viddha saNekka paccala poDhassa paMcamaMgala mahAsuyakkhaMghassa...." 16. savva mahAmaMta pavara vijjANaM parama bIyabhUyaM 17. namoarahatANaM ti 18. paDhamajjhayaNaM ahijjeyavvaM / .... (vinayacandra jJAna bhaMDAra, jayapura meM upalabdha mahAnizItha kI prati kA pRSTha 53 kA parA 6) Page #401 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ 343 1. " se bhayavaM evaM jahutta viragavahANaM paJcamaMgala mahA suyakkhaMghaM ahijjittANaM puvvANupubbIe pacchANupubbIe maraNAragupubbIe sara vaJjaraNa mattAbindu payakkhara visuddha thira paricayaM kAUraNaM mahayA pabaMdheNaM sutatthaM ca viSNAya tamro ya NaM kiM ahijje ? 2. goyamA / iriyAvahiyaM samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa | 3. " se bhayavaM keNaM pratyeNaM evaM vuncaI jahA NaM : paMca maMgala mahAsuyakkhaMdhaM prahijjittANaM puNo iriyAvahiyaM zrahIe ?" 4. goyamA / je ese zrAyA se gaM jayA gamaNAgamaraNAi pariNAma parigae aNegajIva pAraNa bhUya sattANaM maraNovauttapamatte saMghaTTaNa pravaddAvaraNa kilAmaraNaM kAU praNAloiya apaDikkaMte caiva prasesa kamma khayaTThAe kiMci ci vaMdaraNa sajjhAya bhAragAiesu prabhiramejjA tayA se ega cittA samAhI bhavejjA na vA / 5. jano raNaM gamaraNAgamaraNAi aroga anna vAvAra pariNAmAsatta cittatAke pANI taM eva bhAvaMtaraM pracchaDDiya pratta duhatta prabhavasie kaMci kAlaM khaNaM virattejjA tAhe taM tassa phaleNaM visaMvaejjA / 6. jayA uNa kahiM ci aNNAraNa moha pamAya doseNa sahasA egiMdiyAdIgaM saMghaTTaNa pariyAvarNa vA kayaM bhavejjA / 7. tayA ya pacchA "hA ! hA ! hA ! duTTha kayaM amhehiM ! tti ghaNa rAga dosa moha micchatta aNNANa aMdhehi zradiThTha paraloga paccavAehiM kura kamma nigghiNehiM ! " tti parama saMvega zrAvanne / 8. supariphuDaM prAloettANaM nidittANaM garahettANaM pAyacchitaM praNucarettANaM nIsalle araNAula citte prasuha kamma khayaThThA kiMci prAyahiyaM cihna vaMdaraNAi praNuTThejjA / 6. tayA taya aTThe ceva uvautte se bhavejjA / 10. jayA NaM se taya praTThe uvautte bhavejjA tayA tassa NaM paramegagga citta samAhi havejjA tayA ceva savva jaga jIva pAraNa bhUya sattANaM jaha iTTa phala saMpattI bhavejjA / 11. tA goyamA / NaM appaDivakaMtAe iriyAvahiyAe na kappai ceva kAu kiMci cii-vaMdara sajjhAyAiyaM phala zrAsAyaM abhikaMkhugANaM / Page #402 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 12. eteNaM adreNaM goyamA! evaM vuccai jahA NaM goyamA ! sasuttatyobhaya paJca maMgala thira pariciyaM kAUNaM tamo iriyAvahiyaM ajjhIe / (vahI pRSTha 53 pairA 6) 1. se bhayavaM kayarAe vihIe taM iriyAvahiyaM ahIe ? 2. goyamA ! jahA NaM paJca maMgala mahAsuyakkhadhaM / 3. se bhayavaM iriyAvahiyaM ahijjittANaM to kiM ihijje ? 4. goyamA ! sakkatthavAiyaM ceiya vaMdaNavihANaM NavaraM sakkatthayaM egatthaM battIsAe AyaMbalehi...........ahiettANaM...... (vahI pRSTha 63 pairA 27) 1. evaM sutatthobhayatthaga cii vaMdaNAvihANaM ahijjetANaM to supatthe sohaNe tihikaraNa..."sasibale 2. jahA sattIe jagaguruNaM saMpAiya pUyovayAreNaM paDilAhiya sAhu vaggeNa ya bhattibbhara ninbhareNaM romaMca kaMcu pulaijjamANa tanu saharisa visatta vayaNAravideNaM saddhA saMvega vivega parama veragga mUlaM viriNahiya dharaNa rAga dosa mohamicchatta mala kalaMkeNa . 3. suvisuddha suriNammala vimala zubha subhayarANusamaya samullasaMta supasattha ajjhavasAya gaeNaM bhuvaraNaguru jiriMNadapaDimA viNivesiya nayaNa mAraNa seNaM araNanna mAraNasegagga cittayAe ya 4. "dhanno haM puNNo haM" ti jiNavaMdaNAi sahalIkayajammotti ii manna mANeNaM viraiya kara kamalaMjaliNA hariya taNa bIya jaMtu virahiya bhUmIe nihiyobhayajANu NA supariphuDa suviiya nIsaMka jahattha suttatthobhayaM pae-pae bhAvemANeNaM 5. daDhacaritta samayaNNa, appamAyAi aNega guNa saMpovaveeNaM guruNA saddhi sAhu sAhuNi sAhammiyaprasesa bandhu parivagga pariyarieNaM ceva paDhamaM ceie vaMdiyabve 6. tayaNaMtaraM ca guNaDDhe ya sAhuNo ya / (vahI pRSTha 63 pairA 28) Page #403 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para prasaphala prayAsa 1 mantra evaM vidyAsiddhi kI paripATI kA vidhAna prAcArya zrI haribhadra ne apane samakAlIna zrI siddhasena divAkara, vRddhavAdI jinadAsagariNa mahattara, nemicandra prabhRti sAta prAcAryoM ke parAmarza se vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta jainadharma saMgha meM ekatA evaM ekarUpatA lAne kI utkaTa abhilASA se caityavandana ke sAtha-sAtha mantra jApa aura vidyAsiddhi ko bhI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke dainika dhArmika karttavyoM meM samAviSTa kiyA / isa sambandha se mahAnizItha kA mUla pATha isa prakAra hai : [ 345 1. tahAsAhammiya jaraNassa gaM jahAsattIe paraNAvAda jAva NaM sumahaggha mauya cokkha vattha payAraNAiNA vA mahA sammAraNo kAyavvo / 2. eyAvasarammi suviina samaya sAreNa guruNA pabaMgheNaM prakleva nikkhevAiehi pabaMdhehi saMsAra nivveya jaragariMga saddhA saMveguppAyagaM dhamma desaNaM kAyavvaM / 3. to parama saddhA saMvega paraM nAUraNaM AjammAbhiggahaM ca dAyavvaM jahA gaM: 4. sahalIkaya suladdha marague bhave / bho ! devAguppiyA / 5. tae ajjappabhiIe jAvajjIvaM tikAliyaM aragudiNaM praraNuttAvala egagga citteNaM ceie vaMdeyavve | 7. 6. iNaM caiva bho maraNuyattAzro asui prasAsaya kharaNa bhaMgurAno sAraM ti / tattha pugvahNe tAva udagapANaM na kAyavvaM jAva ceie sAhUya na vaMdie / 8. tahA majjhatAva prasaraNa kiriyaM na kAyavvaM jAva ceie na vaMdie / 6. tahA pravara caiva tahA kAyavvaM jahA pravaMdiehi ceiehi no saMbhA yA ikkamejjA / 10. evaM cAbhiggaha baMdhaM kAUNaM jAvajjIvAe tAhe ya goyamA ! imAe caiva vijjAe himaMtiyA sattagaMdha muTThIgro tassuttamaMge "nihAraga pArago bhavejjAsi / " tti uccAramANeNaM guruNA ghetavvAna : 11. prom namo bhagavana bharaho / 12. sijjhau me bhagavatI mahAvijjA / 13. vIre mahAvIre jayavIre seraNavIre vaddhamAraNavIre jayaMte aparAjie svAhA / 14. upacAro cauttha bhatteNaM sAhijjai / Page #404 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 346 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 1. 15. eyAevijjAe savvago niThAraga pArago hoi uvatthAvaNAe vA gaNissa vA aNuNNAe satta vArA parijAveyavvA / 16. niTThAraga pArago hoi : uttimaTThA paDivanne vA abhimaMtijjai pArA hago bhavai viggha viNAyagA uvasamaMti sUro saMgAme pavisaMto aparA jino bhavai kappa samattIe maMgala vahaNI khema vahaNI havai / " (vahI mahAnizItha kI prati, pRSTha 64 pairA 26) uparilikhita mahAnizItha ke cAroM pAThoM kA sArAMza kramazaH isa prakAra hai : "kisa vidhi se paca maMgala kA 'viNovahANa' karanA cAhiye isa. prazna ke uttara meM batAyA gayA hai ki zreSTha tithi nakSatrAdi ke dina pAMca upavAsa karake vizuddha antaHkaraNa se vizuddha bhaktipUrvaka kisI caityAlaya meM jantuvihIna sthAna para baiTha kara zrI RSabhadeva bhagavAna athavA anya dharma tIrthaMkara kI pratimA athavA bimba kI ora apalaka dRSTi lagAye guru ke mukha se hRdayaMgama kiye gaye saba prakAra ke zoka, santApa, vyAdhi, vedanA, janma, jarA, mRtyu aura garbhAvAsa Adi sAMsArika du:khoM kA samUla nAza karane vAle, saMsAra sAgara se pAra karane meM pota tulya saba mahAmantroM aura vidyAoM ke bIja tulya namo arihaMtANaM rUpa paMca maMgala mahAtha taskaMdha ke prathama adhyayana kA pATha karanA caahiye| "paMca maMgala mahAzru taskaMdha kA yathokta 'vinayopadhAna' se adhyayana karane ke aura isake sUtra aura artha donoM kA sucAru rUpeNa jJAna karane ke pazcAta kyA sIkhanA cAhie ?" gautama ke isa prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn ne kahA hai :-"IryAvahiyaM kA adhyayana kare, kyoMki gamanAgamanAdi kriyAoM meM aneka jIva, prANI, bhUta, satvoM kA saMsparza, saMghaTTana, pramardana, uddApana, kilAmanA hotI hai usa pApa kI AlocanA zuddhi kara lene ke pazcAt AThoM karmoM ke kSaya hetu caityavandana, sajjhAya va dhyAna meM nimagna honA caahie| yadi pramAdavaza ekendriya Adi jIvoM kA saMghaTana, paritApana ho gayA ho to"hAhA ! maine bahuta burA kiyA, rAga, dveSa, moha, mithyAtva, ajJAna Adi se andhe hokara paraloka kA binA kisI prakAra kA dhyAna rakkhe, yaha pApa kiyA hai," isa prakAra parama saMvega ko prApta ho kara apane pApa kI AlocanA nindA prAyazcita Adi karake niHzalya hokara azubha karmoM kA kSaya karane ke liye AtmahitArtha Page #405 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 347 caityavandana Adi kA anuSThAna kre| vinA IryApathika ke caityavandana sajjhAya Adi karanA ucita nahIM hai| "he bhagavan ! IryApathika kA adhyayana kisa vidhi se kareM ?" "gautama ! paMcamaMgala mahAzru taskaMdha ke samAna hii|" "prabho ! IryApathika kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt kisakA adhyayana karanA cAhiye?" "gautama ! zastava aura caityavandana vidhAna kA karanA caahiye|" 4. "isa prakAra sUtra artha tadubhaya caityavandana, vidhAna Adi kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt suprazasta zubha tithikaraNa, nakSatra, lagna, caMdra, bala Adi dekhakara yathAzakti tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA, sAdhuvarga kA pratilAbhana karane ke anantara antaHkaraNa ko bhakti se otaprota kara, harSAtireka se romAMcita ho, zraddhA, saMvega, viveka, parama vairAgya, atIva nirmala adhyavasAyoM ke sAtha, jagadguru jinendroM kI pratimA meM ekaTaka nayana jur3A kara, isa prakAra kI bhAvanA ke sAtha ki maiM dhanya hUM, maiM puNyazAlI hUM ki maiMne jina vandana se apane janma ko saphala kara liyA hai, hAtha jor3akara vanaspati, tRNa, bIja, jantu Adi se rahita bhUmi meM donoM jAnu aura zISa ko jhukAkara nirmala caritra kA pAlana karane vAle, siddhAntoM meM niSNAta, apramAdI guru ke sAtha sAdhu, sAdhvI, sadharmI evaM parijanoM se parivRtta ho sarvaprathama caityoM kA vandana karanA cAhiye aura tadanantara guNADhya sAdhuoM kaa|" uparilikhita mahAnizItha ke ina cAroM pAThoM meM caitya vandana kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isase pahale bhAvastava kI mahimA ke sambandha meM jo bhASA evaM jo bhAva mahAnizItha meM vyakta kiye gaye haiM unake sAtha tulanAtmaka dRSTi se caityavandana ke ina pAThoM kA adhyayana karane se vAstavika sthiti kyA hai yaha niSpakSa dRSTi se dekhane para vijJajanoM ke lie spaSTa ho jAtI hai| mahAnizItha ke 16 kI saMkhyA meM diye gaye Upari likhita pATha se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla meM athavA usase kucha pUrva udbhUta huI caityavAsI Adi dravya paramparAoM ke vyApaka pracAra prasAra evaM utkarSa kAla meM una dravya paramparAoM ke sUtradhAroM dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caturvidha dharma saMgha meM caityavandana, caitya-nirmANa, vAsakSepa athavA cUrNakSepa Adi kI paripATiyAM, ihalaukika abhIpsita kAryoM kI siddhi ke liye aura yahAM taka ki zatruoM ko parAjita karake saMgrAma meM vijaya prApti kI abhilASA AkAMkSA kI pUrti hetu mantra jApa vidyA siddhi prAdi anuSThAna itane lokapriya evaM bahusaMkhyaka jaina dharmAva Page #406 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 348 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 lambiyoM ke jIvana kI dainandinI ke aise abhinna aMga bana cuke the ki jinakA niSedha karanA, usa vaktaM kI janatA ke inake prati gahare lagAva ko dekhate hue, mahAna se mahAna prabhAvaka prAcArya ke liye bhI asambhava sA ho gayA thaa| isIliye sambhavataH mahAnizItha ke uddhAra ke samaya anya sAta prAcAryoM kI anumati se prAcArya haribhadra dvArA jo sAta ATha naye pAlApaka mahAnizItha meM jor3e gaye batAye, unameM se yaha bhI eka pratIta hotA hai| __ mahAnizItha ke Upara ullikhita uddharaNa meM caitya vandana, mantra, jApa, vidyA, siddhi evaM vAsakSepa Adi kA vidhAna karate hue sAra rUpa meM nimnalikhita bAteM kahI gaI haiM : "apane svadharmI bandhuoM kA yathAzakti prazana-pAna, vastrAdi se hArdika sammAna karanA caahiye| isa prakAra ke prasaMga para zAstroM ke marmajJa guruSoM dvArA vAsakSepa-cUrNa nikSepa prAdi ke pazcAt saMsAra se virakti karAne vAlI tathA zraddhA evaM saMvega utpanna karane vAlI dharmadezanA karavAnI caahiye| dezanAnantara dharmaguruoM dvArA parama zraddhA aura saMvega ke raMga meM raMge hue zrAddha varga ko jIvana bhara ke liye isa prakAra kA abhigraha karavAnA cAhie :-"janma-janmAntaroM ke puNya pratApa se prApta mAnava jIvana ko saphala karane vAle devAnupriyo ! Apako Aja se hI jIvana paryanta pratidina ekAgracitta se trikAla caitya vandana karanA caahie| he bhavyo! yahI isa azuci se aotaprota prazAzvata evaM kSaNabhaMgura manuSyatA kA sarvotkRSTa sAra hai| pUrvAhna (prAtaH) meM prApa logoM ko jalapAna taka nahIM karanA cAhiye jaba taka ki caityoM kA aura sAdhuoM kA Apa vandana na kara leN| isI prakAra madhyAhna meM jaba taka Apa caityoM kA vandana na kara leM taba taka bhojana nahIM karanA cAhiye / isI prakAra aparAhna meM arthAta tIsare prahara meM caityavandana karanA cAhiye aura isa bAta kA pUrA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki caityavandana ke binA sandhyAkAla na bIta jAya / " isa prakAra kA abhigraha-saMkalpa athavA pratijJA jIvana bhara ke lie kara lene ke pazcAt he gautama ! "niTThAraga-pArago bhavijjAsi" isa vidyA se abhimantrita sAta muThiyAM bharakara vAsakSepa gandha nikSepa una zrAddhoM ke mastaka para karanA cAhiye / phira guru se nimna vidyA grahaNa karanI cAhiye :___ "bhagavAn arahanta ko namaskAra, mujhe bhagavatI mahAvidyA siddha ho, vIra, mahAvIra, jayavIra, seNavIra, varddhamAnavIra, jayanta, aparAjita svaahaa|" "isa mantra ko eka upavAsa se siddha karanA caahiye| isa vidyA kI siddhi ke uparAnta sAdhaka kahIM bhI jAya sarvatra saphala hotA hai| upasthApanA ke samaya prAcArya kI AjJA se isakA sAta bAra jApa karanA caahiye| sarvatra saphalatA prApta hotI hai| koI bar3A kAma upasthita hone . Page #407 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 346 para punaH isakA sAta bAra jApa karanA caahiye| vaha ArAdhaka hotA hai| vighnopasarga zAMta ho jAte haiM / zUravIra saMgrAma meM aparAjita hotA hai arthAt vijaya ko prApta karatA hai| kalpa kI pUrI siddhi ke bAda yaha vidyA maMgala pradAyinI kSemakAriNI hotI hai|" isa prakAra dravya paramparAoM dvArA pracalita kI gaI agaNita naI-naI mAnyatAoM ke phalasvarUpa aneka ikAiyoM meM vibhakta hue jainasaMgha ko ekatA ke satra meM yAbaddha karane ke saduddezya se AcArya haribhadra ne nizItha ke uddhAra ke mAdhyama se samanvaya kI nIti kA anusaraNa karate hae jaina dharmasaMgha meM ghara .kI haI caityavandana mantra jApa vidyA siddhi aura vAsakSepa Adi paripATiyoM ko jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke dainika dhArmika kartavyoM meM sammilita kara liyaa| __ dravya paramparAoM ke utkarSa kAla meM bar3I hI dhUma-dhAma aura ADambara ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA karanA svapara kalyANa evaM dharma ke udyota kA pramukha sAdhana samajhA jAne lagA thaa| deza ke sabhI hissoM meM prAtma-kalyANa aura dharmodyota ke lie vizAla saMgha yAtrAeM sAmUhika tIrtha yAtrA ke rUpa meM yatra tatra yadA kadA prAyojita kI jAtI thI / jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM tIrthoM kI bar3I ADambarapUrNa saMgha yAtrAoM ke Ayojana kI paripATI vastuta: eka pramukha dharmakRtya meM rUpa meM rUDha ho gaI thii| yaha paripATI itanI lokapriya bana cakI thI ki isake virodha meM kucha bhI sunane ke liye usa samaya kA bahu saMkhyaka jaina jana mAnasa taiyAra nahIM thaa| isa tIrthayAtrA kI paripATI ko eka dharmakRtya ke rUpa meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se suvihita paramparA ke sAdhusAdhviyoM ke liye anAcaraNIya siddha karane vAlA eka bar3A hI sundara pAkhyAna mahAnizItha meM diyA gayA hai| yaha AkhyAna madhya yuga se lekara adyAvadhi jaina dharmasaMgha kI vibhinna ikAiyoM meM eka vivAdAspada viSaya rahA hai| dravya paramparAmoM ke utkarSa kAla meM bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAoM vAle jaina zramaNa saMghoM ke adhinAyaka prAcAryagaraNa isa sambandha meM kyA abhimata rakhate the isa sambandha meM sAmUhika rUpa se pracalita tIrthayAtrA para isa AkhyAna se spaSTa rUpa se prakAza par3atA hai| ataH jijJAsuoM evaM itihAsavidoM ke lAbhArtha usa pAkhyAna ko yahAM avikala rUpa se uddhata kiyA jA rahA hai : "goyamA ! NaM imAe ceva usabha cauvIsIgAe atItAe tevIsai mAe cauvIsigAe, jAva NaM pariNivUDe cauvIsaime arahA, tAva NaM aikkateNaM kevaieNaM kAleNaM guNa nipphanne kammasallamususUraNe mahAyase mahAsatte, mahAraNubhAge, sugahiya nAmadhijje gAma gacchAhivaI bhuue| tassa NaM paMca sayaM gacchaM ningaMthIhi viNA / niggaMthIhi samaM do sahasse ya ahesi / tA goyamA ! tAro niggaMthIyo accaMta paraloga bhIruyAno suvisuddha nimmalaMtakaraNAno, khaMtAo, daMtAmo, guttAmo, Page #408 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 350 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jiiMdiyAno, accaMta bhaNirIpro, niya sarIrassA vi ya chakkAyavacchalAo, jahAvai2 accaMta ghora vIra tava caraNa sosiya sriiraayo| jahA NaM titthayareNaM pannaviyaM, tahA ceva adIraNamaNasAo, mAyA maya ahaMkAra rati hAsa kheDa kaMdappaNAhavAya vippamukkAmo tassAyariyassa sagAse sAmaNNamaNUcaraMti / te ya sAharaNo savve vi goyamA ! na tArisA maNAga / ahannayA goyamA ! te sAhuNo taM pAyariyaM bhaNaMti / jahA NaM jai bhayavaM tumaM ANattehi tA NaM amhahiM titthayattaM kariyA caMdappaha sAmiyaM vaMdiyA dhammacakkaM gaMtuNamAgacchAmo / tAhe gomayA! adINa maraNasA araNuttAla gaMbhIra mahurAe bhAratIe bhariNayaM teraNAyarieNaM / jahA icchAyAreNaM na kappai titthayattaM gaMtuM suvihiyANaM, tA jAva NaM doleijattaM tAva NaM ahaM tumhe caMdappahaM vaMdAvehAmi / annaM ca jattAe gaehiM asaMjame pddijjii| eeNaM kAraNeNaM tittha yattAe pddisehijji| to tehiM bhariNayaM jahA bhayavaM keriso? uNa tittha yattAe gacchamANANaM asaMjamo bhvii| so puraNa icchAyAreNaM viijjaM vAra parisaM ullAvejjA baha jaNeNaM vAulaM go bhatti hi se / tAe goyamA ! citiyaM teNaM AyarieNaM jahA NaM mamaM vaikkamiya nicchayo ee gacchihiti / teNaM tu mae samayaM ca duttarehi vayaMti / ahannayA subaha maNasA saMdhAreUNaM ceva bhaNiyaM teNaM AyarieNaM / jahA NaM tumbhe ki ci vi sUttatthaM viyAraNahanviya tA jArisaM titthayattAe gacchamAraNANaM asaMjamaM bhavaI tArisaM sayameva viyANeha / kiM ettha bahu palavieNaM / annaM ca vidiyaM tumhe hi pi saMsAra sahAva jIvAI payattha tattaM ca / ahannayA bahu uvAehiM NaM viriNavAditassa vi tassAyariyassa gae ceva te sAharaNo, kuddhaNaM kayaMte NaM perie (krUddhana kRtAntena preritaa)| titthayattAye tesiM gacchamANANaM katthaiNesaNaM katthai hariyakAya saMghaTTaNaM katthai bIyakkamaNaM katthai pivIliyAdINaM tasANa saMghaTTaNa paritAvaraNoddAvaraNAi saMbhavaM / katthai vaiTTa paDikkamaNaM katthai Na kIrae ceva cAukAliyaMsajjhAyaM katthai Na NaM paDijjA matta bhaMDovagaraNassa vihIe ubhayakAlaM peha pamajjaNa paDilehaNa pakkhoDaNaM ki bahaNA gauyamA! kittiyaM mannihiyaM aTThArasaNhaM sIlaMga mahallANaM sattarasa vihassa NaM saMjamassa duvAlasa vihassa NaM sambhaMtara bAhirassa tavassa jAva NaM khaMtaddi ahiMsA lakkharaNassa dasa vihassa araNagAradhammassajattheTikka payaM ceva subahueNaM pi kAleNaM thiraparicieNa duvAlasaMgamahAsuyakkhaMgheNaM bahabhaMga sayasaddhattaNAe dukkhaM niraiyAraM parivAliUNaM je eyaM ca savvaM jahAbhaNiyaM niraiyAramaNuTThiyaMti / evaM saMbhariUraNa (saMdhAriUNa) citiyaM teraNa gacchAhivaiNA jahA NaM me vipparukkheNaM te duTTha sIse majjha praNAbhoga pavvaeNaM subahu asaMjamaM kAhiti / Page #409 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 351 taM ca savvaM mama maMchati yaM hohI jo NaM haM tesiM guru / tA haM tesiM paTTIye (puTTie) gaMtUNaMpaDijAgarAmi jeNAhamittha pae pAyacchitteNaM No saMvajjijjatti viyappiUNaM go so pAyariyo tesiM paTTIe jAva NaM di8 teNaM asamaMjaseNaM gacchamANe / tA he goyamA ! samahura maMjulAlAveNaM bhariNayaM te NaM gacchAhivaiNA / jahA bho! bho! uttamakula nimmalavaMsa vihasaNA! asugAi mahAsattA (asuga pasuMgAI) sAhUu pahapaDi vannANaM paMca mahavvayAhiya taNUNaM mahAbhAgANaM sAhu sAhuNINaM sattAvIsaM sahassAiM thaMDilANaM savvadaMsIhiM pnnnnttaaii| te ya su uvauttehi visohijjati raNa uNaM annova uvttehi| tA kimeMyaM sunnAsunnIe praNovauttehiM gammai icchAyAreNaM / uvaogaM deh| annaM ca iNamo suttatthaM tumhANaM vi sumariu bhavijjA jaM sAraM savva parama tattANaM / jahA ege beiMdie pANIyagaM sayameva hattheNa vA pAeNa vA annayareNa vA salAgAi ahigaraNa bhUprovagaraNa jAyeNaM jaM NaM keI saMghaTTAvijjae vA evaM saMghaTTiyaM vA parehiM samaragujAriNajjA se NaM taM kammaM jayA udinnaM bhavijjA tayA jahA uccha khaMDAI jaM te (yaMtra) tahA nipIlijjamANe chammAseNaM khvijjaa| evaM gAr3he duvAlasehi saMvaccharehi taM kamma vedijjaa| evaM pragADha pariyAvaNe vAsa sahassaM gADha pariyAvaNe dasavAsa sahasse / evaM agA, kilAvaNe vAsalakkhaM gADha kilAvaNe dasa vAsa lakkhAiM uddavaNe vAsa koddii| evaM teidiyAisu pi NeyaM / tA evaM ca viyAraNa mAraNA mA tumhe chunbhahatti / evaM gomayA ! suttANusAreNaM sArayaMtassAvi tassAyariyassa te mahApAvakammegama gama halla pphaleNaM hallo halI bhUe NaM taM pAyariyANaM AsamapAva kammaTThadukkha vimoyaNaM go baha mannati / tAhe goyamA ! muNiyaMte raNAyariyeNaM jahA nicchayo, ummaggapaDiye savva pagArehi ceva ime pAvamaI duTusIse, tA kimaTThamahamimesi paTTIe lallIvAgaraNaM karemANoNugacchamANo ya sukkAe gayajalAe raNadIe ubhaM (uvvUDaM udabaDaM tairanA) / ete gacchaMt dasa duvArehi aha yaM tu tAvAyahiyamevANuvidio, mo, ki majha parakaeNaM / sumahaMteraNAvi punna panbhAreNaM thevamavi kiMcI parittANaM bhavijjA saparakkameNaM cevameM Agamutta tava saMjamANuThANeNaM bhavoyahI nayareyavve / esa uNa titthayarAeso jahA- "appahiyaM kAyavya, jaI sakko parahiyaM va payarijjA / appahiya parahiyANaM, appahiyaM ceva kAyavvaM / " annaM ca jai ete tava saMjama kiriyaM aNupAiihati to eesiM ceva seyaM hoMhii / Na karehiti to eesi ceva duggai gamaNamaNuttaraM havijjA / navaraM, tahAvi mama gaccho samappio , gacchAhivaI ahayaM bharaNAmi / annaM ca je titthayarehi bhagavaMtehiM chattIsaM pAyariyaguNe samAiche / tesi tu ayaM ekkamavi NAikkamAmi, jaivi pANo Page #410 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 352 ) [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- bhAga 3 varamaM bhavijjA / taM cAgame ihaparalogaviruddhaM taM gAyarAmi Na kAra yAmi, raNa kajjamANaM samaNujANAmi / tAme risa guragajuttassA vi jai bhariNayaM Na kareMti, tAhamimesiM vesaggaharaNaM uddAlemi / evaM ca samaepannattI. jahA je keI sAha vA sAhuraNI vA vAyAmittaNAvi prasaMjama maNuvveTijjA, se NaM sArejjA vArejjA coijjA paDicoijjA / se NaM sArijjaMte vA vArijjaMte vA coijjate vA paDicoijjaMte vA je NaM taM vayaNa mavamaniya alasAImANe vA abhiniveThei vA na tahatti paDivajjhiya icchaM pajiddANaM taTThAmApro pddikkmejjaa| se NaM tassa vesagahaNaM uddaalijjaa| evaM tu AgamuttaNAeNaM / goyamA! jAva teNAyariyeNA egassa sehassa vesaggahaNaM uhAliyaM tAva NaM avasese diso dissi prgaache| tAhe goyamA ! so pAyariyo sariNayaM sariNayaM si paTThIye jAumArato, po thaM turiyaM turiyaM / se bhayavaM ! kimaThaM turiyaM turiyaM No payAi ? goyamA ! khArAe bhUmIe jo mahuraM saMka mijjA, maharAe khAraM, kiNhAe pIyaM, pIyAno kiNhaM, jalAmo thalaM, thalAmo jalaM saMkamejjA / te NaM vihIe pAe pamajjiya saMkameyavvaM / No pamajjejjA tamro duvAlasa saMvacchariyaM pacchittaM bhvijjaa| eegamalaiMNaM goyamA ! so prAyariNo Na turiyaM turiyaM gacche / prahanayA utta vihIe thaMDilaM saMkamaNaM karemAraNassa NaM goyamA ! tassAyariyAe mAgamo bahu vAsara khUhAparigaya sarIro viyaDa dADhAkarAlakayaMta bhAsuro, palayakAlamiva ghora rUvo kesarI / muNiyaM ca teNa * mahAraNubhAgeNa gacchA hivairaNA, jahA jai duyaM gacchijjai tA bukkijjai imassa / navaraM duyaM gacchamANeNaM asaMjamaM / tA varaM sarIra voccheyaM Na prasaMjama pavattaNaM (ti) citiUNa vihIe uThiyassa sehassa jassuddAliyaM vesaggahaNaM taM dAUNa Thimo nippaDikampa pAyavovagamaNAsaNeNaM / se vi seho taheva / prahannayA maccaMta viruddhaMtakaraNe paMca maMgala pera' muhajhavasAyattAe dunni vi goyamA ! vAvAie teraNa soheNaM / aMta gaDe kevalI jAeThThappayAramalakalaMkavippamukke, sidhe ya te uNa goyamA ! ekUNe paMcasaye sAhUNaM takkammadoseNaM jaM dukkha maNabhavamANe ciTThati, jaM bANubhUyaM, jaM vAraNu bhavihiMti praNaMta saMsArasAgaraM paribhamaMte taM ko aNaMteNaMpi kAleNaM bhANi samattho / ee te goyamA ! egUNaM paMcasae sAhUNaM, jehiM ca NaM tArisa guNovaveyassa NaM mahANabhAgassa guruNo prANaM maikkamiya yo pArAhiyaM / aNaMta saMsArie jaae|" / [mahAnizItha hastalikhita patra 41 (1) se 43 (1)] 'pera praIraya pAiyasaddamahaNNavo / "paMcamaMgala pera" paMca maMgala (smaraNa) se jur3e hue / Page #411 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa | [ 353 arthAt " he gautama! isa RSabhAdi mahAvIrAnta caubIsI se pUrva kI tebIsavIM-caubIsI ke caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara ke siddha buddha ho jAne ke anantara kucha kAla pazcAt mahAyazasvI mahAn satvazAlI mahAnubhAga yathA nAma tathAguNa vAle vajra nAma ke gacchAdhipati hue / unake gaccha meM pA~ca sau sAdhu aura pandraha sau sAdhviyA~ thIM / he gautama ! Arya vajra kI ve ziSyAe~ pratyanta bhavabhIru, prati vizuddha nirmala antaHkaraNa vAlI zAMta dAMta jitendriya aura adhyayanazIlA thIM / ve SaDjIva nikAya ke prANiyoM ko apane prAraNoM se bhI adhika priya samajhatI thIM / unhoMne zAstra vacanAnusAra atyanta ugra tapazcaraNa se apanI deha yaSTiyoM ko zoSita kRza aura zuSka banA liyA thA / tIrthaGkaroM ke upadezAnusAra ve pradIna mana vAlI sAdhviyA~ mAyA, mada, zrahaMkAra, hAsa-parihAsa se vihIna aura saba prakAra ke laukika saMgoM se rahita thIM / ve zrArya vajra ke anuzAsana meM rahakara zramaraNI dharma kA samIcIna rUpa se paripAlana karatI thIM / kintu gautama ! prAcArya vA ke sabhI sAdhu isa prakAra ke nahIM the / | 1 eka dina una sAdhunoM ne prAcArya se nivedana kiyA :"bhagavan ! yadi zrApa prAjJA pradAna kareM to hama bhI tIrthayAtrA karake candraprabha svAmI ko vandana kara aura dharmacakra kI yAtrA karake yahA~ lauTa prAyeM / " gautama ! una sAdhunoM dvArA kiye gaye nivedana ke uttara meM prAcArya vastra ne bar3e hI ghanarava gambhIra mRdu bhASA meM kahA :"suvihita paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke liye yadA kadA icchAnusAra tIrthayAtrA ke liye jAnA kalpanIya nahIM hai / ucita nahIM hai / jaba saMghayAtrA samApta ho jAyegI taba maiM tumheM candraprabha svAmI kI vandanA karavA dU~gA / mere niSedha kA eka aura bhI kAraNa hai / vaha yaha hai ki yAtrA meM jAne vAle asaMyama ke doSa meM lipta ho jAte haiM / isI kAraNa tIrthayAtrA kA maiM niSedha kara rahA hU~ / " isa para prAcArya vajra ke ziSyoM ne prazna tIrthayAtrA meM jAne vAle zramaraNoM ko kisa hotA hai ?" isa para AcArya vajra ne mana hI mana meM vicAra kiyA ki aisA lagatA hai ki ye ziSya merI AjJA kA atikramaNa karake yAtrA meM cale jAyeMge isI kAraNa mere dvArA pratiSedha kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI ye isa prakAra prati prazna kara rahe haiM / unhoMne cintana ke pazcAt apane ziSyoM se kahA :- " vatso ! yadi tuma thor3A-bahuta bhI kiyA :-- "bhagavan ! prakAra kA asaMyama Page #412 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 354 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sUtroM ke rahasya ko jAnate ho to tIrthayAtrA meM jAne vAloM ko kisa prakAra kA asaMyama doSa lagatA hai yaha tuma svayameva soca sakate ho| isa viSaya meM adhika kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| tuma loga jIvaajIva, saMsAra-svabhAva aura dharma ke marma ko acchI taraha se jAnane vAle ho|" isa prakAra AcArya vajra dvArA punaH-punaH niSedha kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI prAcArya vajra kI anupasthiti meM karAla kAla se prerita ho ve sabhI ziSya tIrthayAtrA ke liye cala pdd'e| tIrthayAtrA meM jAte hue una sAdhuoM ko anaiSaNIya AhAra grahaNa karane, kahIM vanaspatikAya ke jIvoM kA saMghaTana saMmardana karane, kahIM aneka prakAra ke bIjoM kA pramardana karane, kahIM kIr3e-makor3e, cIMTI Adi trasa jIvoM kA saMsparzana saMghaTana, paritApana, udrApaNa karane, kahIM pratikramaNa kA prabhAva, kahIM caturkAlika svAdhyAya kA abhAva, to kahIM ubhayakAla prekSaNa, pramArjana, pratilekhana kA ullaMghana Adi aneka prakAra ke doSoM kA bhAjana honA pdd'aa| gautama ! adhika kyA kahA jAya, una ziSyoM ne tIrthayAtrA meM aTThAraha prakAra ke zIlAMgoM, sattaraha prakAra ke saMyama, bAraha prakAra ke bAhyAbhyantara tapa evaM zAnti va ahiMsA lakSaNavAle dasa prakAra ke praNAgAradharma ke paripAlana meM paga-paga para pramAda kiyaa| isase khinna ho AcArya vajra ne vicAra kiyA ki merI AjJA kA ullaMghana kara ve duSTa ziSya vipula asaMyama ke bhAgI hoMge aura kyoMki maiM unakA guru hU~ isaliye una sabake isa doSa ke liye maiM bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM uttaradAyI mAnA jAU~gA va prAyazcita kA bhAgI bnuuNgaa| ata: merA yaha bhI kartavya hai ki maiM unake pIche-pIche jAkara unako ina saba doSoM se bacane ke liye sAvadhAna karU~-sajaga karUM / isa prakAra vicAra kara Arya vajra apane ziSyoM ke pIche-pIche gye| unhoMne apane ziSya samudAya ko ayatanApUrvaka jAte hue dekhA / Arya vajra ne atIva mRdu maJjula vAraMgI meM apane ziSyoM ko sambodhita kara kahanA prArambha kiyA :-"ucca kula aura nirmala vaMza meM utpanna hue vatsoM ! suno| paMca mahAvratadhArI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke liye sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaGkara mahAprabhutroM ne jo vizuddha zramaNAcAra batAyA hai usakA paripAlana upayogapUrvaka-yatanApUrvaka udyama karane se hI hotA hai| binA upayoga ke, binA yatanA ke nhiiN| aisI sthiti meM tuma loga svecchAcArI banakara zramaNAcAra kI upekSA kara isa prakAra Page #413 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 355 avivekapUrvaka jA rahe hoN| isa para ThaNDe dila se vicAra kro| isake sAtha hI saMsAra meM sabase parama sArabhUta sUtra ke marma kA tumheM smaraNa hI hogA ki jo vyakti veindriya prANI kA svayaM apane hAtha se paira se athavA anya kisI prakAra ke upakaraNa se saMsparza karatA hai unako kilAmanA upajAtA hai athavA unakI hiMsA karatA hai athavA kisI dUsare se kilAmanA hiMsA Adi karavAtA hai yA hiMsA Adi karane vAle kI anumodanA karatA hai to vaha usa saMsparza karma ke udayakAla meM yantra meM pIle jAne vAle ikSa daNDa kI taraha bhISaNa vedanAoM meM pIlA jAtA hA chaH mAsa meM usa karma kA kSaya karatA hai| isI prakAra yadi pragAr3ha bhAva se beindriya jIvoM kI hiMsA prAdi karatA karavAtA athavA anumodana karatA hai to vaha vyakti bAraha varSa kI avadhi taka du:khoM meM ikSu khaNDa kI taraha pilatA hayA usa karma ke phala ko bhogatA hai| isI prakAra agAr3ha paritApanA pahu~cAne vAlA eka hajAra varSa taka, gAr3ha paritApanA pahu~cAne vAlA dasa hajAra varSa taka, agAr3ha kilAmanA pahuMcAne vAlA eka lAkha varSa taka, gAr3ha kilAmanA pahu~cAne vAlA dasa lAkha varSa taka, udrApaNa karane vAlA karor3a varSa taka yantra meM pIle jAte hue ikSukhaNDa kI taraha duHkhoM meM pilatA huA usa karma ke phala ko bhogatA - rahatA hai| isI prakAra trIndriya Adi jIvoM ke sambandha meM samajhanA caahiye| to isa prakAra ina saba tathyoM ke jAnakAra hote hue tuma isa prakAra zramaNAcAra se viparIta AcaraNa mata kro|" ___ "gautama ! isa prakAra sUtrAnusAra samajhAne vAle usa AcArya ke una samasta pApa karmoM kA nAza karane vAle hitakara vacana ko bhI una logoM ne nahIM maanaa| prAcArya ne mana meM vicAra kiyA ki nizcita rUpa se ye duSTa ziSya unmArgagAmI ho gaye haiN| aisI sthiti meM ina pApamati ziSyoM ke pIche inheM samajhAne kA vyartha prayAsa karatA hA maiM sakhI nadI meM tairane jaisA vyartha prayAsa kyoM karUM ? ye loga apanI icchAnusAra jahAM cAheM vahA~ jaae| mujhe to apanI AtmA kA kalyANa karanA hai| mujhe ina dUsaroM ke kArya se kyA prayojana ? mahAn puNya ke prabhAva se yadi thor3A bahuta bhI merA paritrANa ho jAya to uttama hai / mujhe AgamAnusAra vizuddha saMyama kA pAlana karate hue isa bhava sAgara ko tairanA caahie| yaha tIrthaGkara prabhu kA Adeza hai : "yadi sambhava ho to Atmahita ke sAtha-sAtha para hita bhI karanA caahiye| Atma hita aura para hita ina donoM meM se pahale Atma hita karanA zreyaskara hogaa|" yadi ye loga tapa saMyama Adi kriyA Page #414 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 356 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kA acchI taraha se pAlana kareMge to inhIM kA kalyANa hogA aura yadi nahIM kareMge to nIcI se nIcI durgati meM inhIM kA patana hogaa| tathApi mujha ko gaccha sauMpA gayA hai mujhe gacchAdhipati kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaGkara prabhu ne AcArya ke 36 guNa batAye haiM / unameM se eka kA bhI ati-kramaNa prANAnta saMkaTa pAne para bhI nahIM kruuNgaa| Agama meM bhI kahA gayA hai :-"jo isa loka aura paraloka donoM lokoM ke liye niSiddha hai usakA na maiM AcaraNa karatA hU~ aura na dUsaroM se AcaraNa karavAtA hUM aura yadi koI vyakti isa prakAra kA AcaraNa karatA hai to usakA meM anumodana bhI nahIM karUMgA aura na aisA karane kI anumati hI duuNgaa|" isa prakAra ke prAcArya guNoM se sampanna mujha jaise gacchAdhipati kI bAta bhI ye loga nahIM mAnate haiM to aisI sthiti meM maiM apane ina ziSyoM kA veSa hI utAra kara inase chIna la / zAstra meM bhI isI prakAra kA nirdeza hai yathA :"jo koI sAdhu athavA sAdhvI yadi vacana mAtra se bhI asaMyama kA AcaraNa kare to usako prAcArya samajhAveM, asaMyama kA AcaraNa karane se rokeM, asaMyama kA AcaraNa na karane kI preraNA deM, nirbhartsanA pUrNa preraNA deN| yadi ve isa prakAra AcArya dvArA sAraNA, vAraNA, preraNA aura nirbhartsanA pUrvaka preraNA kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI Alasyavaza athavA kadAgrahavaza hokara AcArya ke vacana kI avahelanA karatA rahe" "bhagavan ! ApakI prAjJA zirodhArya hai, jaisI ApakI AjJA hai meM vahIM karUMgA," aisA na kaha kara svecchAnusAra usa asaMyamapUrNa karma se nivRtta na ho arthAt asaMyama kA pazcAtApapUrvaka parityAga na kare to usa dazA meM prAcArya usa sAdhu athavA sAdhvI ke veSa ko utAra deN|" "gautama! isa prakAra prAgamokta nyAya se usa prAcArya ne jyoM hI una ziSyoM meM se eka ziSya kA sAdhuveSa utArA, tyoM hI zeSa 466 ziSya vibhinna dizAoM meM bhAga khar3e hue| tadanantara gautama ! vaha AcArya apane una dizo-dizi meM bhAgate hue ziSyoM ke pIche-pIche zIghratApUrvaka nahIM apitu zanaiH-zanaiH jAne lgaa| _____ gautama :-"bhagavan ! vaha AcArya tvarita gati se kyoM nahIM calA ?" ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra :--- "gautama ! jo kSArayukta bhUmi se kSAravihIna, madhura athavA komala bhUmi meM, madhura bhUmi se kSArayukta meM, kRSNavarNA bhUmi se, pItavarNA bhUmi meM, pItavarNA se kRSNavarNA meM, Page #415 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 357 jala se sthala meM aura sthala se jala meM saMkramaNa kareM to use usa prakAra ke saMkramaNa karane se pUrva vidhipUrvaka pairoM kA pramArjana karanA prAvazyaka hai / yadi koI isa prakAra se saMkramaNa se pUrva pairoM kA parimArjana nahIM karatA hai, ta vaha dvAdaza sAMvatsarika prAyazcita kA bhAgI ho jAtA hai / gautama ! isa kAraNa vaha AcArya tvarita gati se nahIM claa|" ukta vidhi se bhUmi kA saMkramaNa karate hue usa AcArya ke samakSa kucha samaya pazcAt kaI dinoM kA kSudhAtura vikaTa daMSTrA karAloM vAlA sAkSAt mahAkAla ke samAna vIbhatsa pratIta hotA hA aura pralayakAla ke samAna bhISaNa kezarI siMha A gyaa| siMha ko dekhakara usa mahAbhAga gacchAdhipati vajra ne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA :"yadi meM dratagati se cala to isa siMha se bacA jA sakatA hai| kiMtu drutagati se calane kI dazA meM meM saMyama se bhraSTa ho jaauuNgaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM saMyama se patita hone kI apekSA zarIrotsarga zreyaskara hai|" isa prakAra nizcaya kara ziSya kI paripATI ke anusAra thor3I hI dUra pIche khar3e ziSya ko-usa ziSya ko, jisakA ki svayaM prAcArya ne sAdhuveSa utAra liyA thA, punaH sAdhuveSa pradAna kara anazana pUrvaka niSkampa pAdapopagamana prAsana se prAcArya va avasthita hue| vaha ziSya bhI apane prAcArya kA anusaraNa karate hue unakI hI bhAMti anazana kara pAdapopagamana Asana se nizcala ho avasthita ho gyaa| gautama ! ve donoM atyanta vizuddha antaHkaraNa se paJcamaMgala ke smaraNa meM nimagna ho gye| zubha adhyavasAyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa usI janma meM mukti pAne vAle kevalI hokara usa siMha ke dvArA mAre jAne para ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke mela se pUrNataH vipramukta hokara donoM siddha buddha aura mukta ho gye|" "zeSa 466 ziSya apane usa aparAdhapUrNa karma ke doSa se jisa dukha ko bhoga rahe haiM, jo jo dukha bhoga cuke haiM aura bhaviSya meM ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM bhaTakate hue jo dukha bhogeMge, una dukhoM kA ananta kAla taka varNana karate rahane para bhI pUrI taraha batAne meM kauna samartha hai ? gautama ! isa prakAra una 466 sAdhanoM ne aise guNa sampanna apane mahAn guru kI prAjJA kA atikramaNa kara saMyama kI ArAdhanA nahIM kI aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa ve ananta saMsArI bana gye|" isa prakAra tIrthayAtrA ke sambandha meM Arya vajra ke isa AkhyAna se tIrtha yAtrA kI apekSA saMyama-ArAdhanA ko hI Atma kalyANa kA pramukha sAdhana batAyA gayA hai / dravya paramparAoM ke utkarSa kAla meM sAmUhika tIrthayAtrAoM ko eka atyanta Page #416 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 358 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 mahatvapUrNa evaM utkRSTa dhArmika kRtya mAna liyA gayA thaa| usa lokapriya banI huI paripATI ke sambandha meM mahAnizItha kA yaha AkhyAna bar3A hI cintanIya aura mananIya hai jisameM, guru dvArA tIrthayAtrA kA niSedha kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI guru kI prAjJA kA ullaMghana karake tIrtha yAtrA ke liye jAne vAle 466 sAdhuoM ko ananta kAla taka bhava bhramaNa karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai| isake viparIta tIrthayAtrA kA (milApakoM ke samaya) niSedha karane vAle Arya vajra ko aura unake samajhAne para tIrtha yAtrA se virata hue ziSya ko vizuddha saMyama ke pAlana ke pariNAmasvarUpa siddha buddha aura mukta honA batAyA gayA hai| dravya paramparAoM ke utkarSa kAla meM caitya nirmANa, caitya pUjA aura niyata nivAsa kI kriyAeM jaina dharmasaMgha meM lokapriya hone ke sAtha-sAtha janamAnasa meM gaharAI se ghara kara gaI thii| eka prakAra se rUDha ho gaI thii| vizuddha zramaNAcAra kisa prakAra kA hotA hai, niraticAra paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karane vAlA zramaNa paramparA kA pratIka svarUpa zramaNa kaisA hotA hai, caitya nirmANa meM isa prakAra ke zramaNatva ke patIka zramaNa kA kyA kartavya hai, ina saba bAtoM para mahAnizItha meM bar3e hI prabhAvakArI zabdoM meM prAcArya kuvalayaprabha (kamalaprabha athavA sAvadhAcArya) ke AkhyAna meM kAza DAlA gayA hai / isa atyanta mahatvapUrNa AkhyAna ke sambandha meM caityavAsI paraMparA kA paricaya dete hue pichale prakaraNa meM paryApta prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| ataH isa para kucha adhika na kahakara sabhI dRSTiyoM se atyanta mahatvapUrNa evaM atyAvazyaka prasaMgocita samajhakara sAvadhAcArya ke usa prakaraNa kA mUla pATha bhI itihAsavidoM evaM jijJAsuoM ke vicArArtha yahAM uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : devArcana para sAvadhAcArya sambandhI uddharaNa "se bhayavaM ke je Na kei pAyariya ivA mayaharaM i vA asaI kahi ca kayAI ve (ta) hA visaha vihAraNagamAsajja iNamo niggaMtha pavayaNamanahA pannavijjA, se NaM ki pAvijjA ? goyamA ! jaM sAvajjAyAriyeNaM pAviyaM / se bhayavaM kayareNaM ? se sAvajjAyarie kiM vA teNaM pAviyaMti ? goyamA ! NaM iro pau usabhAdi titthakara cauvIsagAe aNaMteNaM kAleNaM jA atItA annA cauvIsamAM tAye jAriso graha yaM tAriso ceva sattarayaNI pamANe NaM jagaccharaya bhUmo devida vida vaMdiro pavaravara dhammasirI nAma carima dhammatitthaMkaro ahesi / tassa ya titthe satra accherage pabhUe / grahannayA parinivvur3assa NaM titthaMkarassa kAlakkameNaM asaMjayANaM sakkArakAravaNeNAmaccherage bahiumArehe / tattha NaM logAgAvattIe micchattovahayaM asaMjaya pUyAragarayaM bahajaNa samUhe ti vi yAyANi UNa teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samayeNaM abhUriNaya samaya pabhAvehi tigArava maiemohipahi gAmamitta prAyariya mayaharehi mahAINaM Page #417 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika para asaphala prayAsa ] [ 356 (sAvaya) sA (vi) yApro daviNajAyaM paDigAhiya racchaM (tthaM) bhasayassUsie sakasakimamaMtie ceiyAlae kAraviUNa taM ceva duraMtapaMta lakkhaNAha mAhamehiM Asaie / te ceva ceiyAlae mAsIya goviUraNa ca balavIriya purisakkArakkama saMte vale saMti vIrie saMte purisakkAra parakkame vai (caiu) uggAmiggahe aNiyayavihAraM NIyAvA bhaittANaM sir3hIlI hoU NaM saMjamAi suddhie pacchA parivijjANaM ihaloga paralogAvAyaM aMgIkAUraNa ya sudIha saMsAra te su ceva maDha devaulAsu avvatthaM (cchaM) madire mucchire mamIkArA hakArehiM raNaM abhibhUe sayameva vicittamalla dAbhAihiNaM devaccaNaM kAumabhujjae je puraNa samayasAraM para imaM savvabhuvayaNaM taM dUrayareNaM ujjhiyanti / taM jahAH "savve jIvA savve pAraNA savve bhUyA savve sattA (raNa haMtavvA) raNa ajjhAveyavvA raNa pariyAveyavvA raNa paridhettavvA raNa virAheyavvA raNa kilAmeyavvA Na uddaveyavvA / je keI suhamA je keI vAyarA, je keI tasA je keI pajjattA je keI apajjattA je keI thAvarA je keI egidiyA je keI beiMdiyA je keI teiMdiyA je keI cauridiyA je keI paMciMdiyA goyamA ! mehuNaM taM egaMteNa 3 riNacchayo 2 bADhaM 3 / tahA Au teu samAraMbhaM ca savvahA savva payArehiM NaM sayaya vivajjijjA muNIti / esa dhamme (gha) ve sAsae pIe (niye) se micca logaM kheyannahiM paveiyaMti ||ch| se bhayavaM je NaM keI sAhU vA sAhaNI vaa| naggaMthe aNagAre davva thayaM kujjA se NaM kimAlahejjA? goyamA ! je NaM kei mAha vA sAhaNI vA niggaMthe aNagAre davvathayaM kujjA se NaM ajayaei vA asaMjaei vA deva bhohae i vA devavvA (ccA) mei vA jAva Na ummaMgaM paie vA dUrujjhiyasIle vA kusIlei vA sacchaMdA yArieI vA alavijjA / cha / evaM goyamA ! tesi praNAyAra pavattANaM vahaNaM pAyariyayarAdINaM ege marayacchavI kuvalayappahA hihAraNA nAma araNagAre mahA tavassI ahesi / tassa NaM mahAmahaMte jIvAi payatthe suttatthaM parinANe sumahaMte ca saMsAra sAgare tAsu tAsu joNIsuM saMsaraNabhayaM savvahA savva pagArehi NaM praccaMtaM prAsAyaNAruyatta NaM takkAlaM tArise vI vI (vi) asamaMjase praNAyAre bahusAhammiya pavattie tahAvi so titthayarANamANaM gAikkamei / ahanayA so araNagUhiya balavIriya purisakkAra parakkame susIsagaNa pariyari paripro samvannuppaNIyAmaga suttatthobhayAraNu sAreNa vavagaya rAga dosa moha micchatta mamakArAhaMkAro savvattha apaDibaddhi ki bahuNA satvaguNagaNAhiThiya sarIro praNega gAmAgara nagara pura kheDa kavvaDa maDaMba doNa muhAi sannivesa visese saM aNegesaM bhavvasattANaM saMsAra vAra vimokkhaNi dhammakahaM parikahito vihari / evaM vaccaMti riyahA / so mahAgAbhAgo viharamANo Agayo goyamA! tesi pIyavihArIgaNa Page #418 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 360 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 mAvAsage / tesiM ca mahAtavassI kAuzraNa sammAriNo ki issammAsaNapayANAiNA suviNaeNaM / evaM ca suhanisinno ciThittANaM dhammakahAiNAviNoeNaM puNo gNtuupytto| tAhe bhaNiyo so mhaannubhaavo| goyamA !. tehiM duraMta paMta lakkhaNehi liMgovajIvihiM NaM bhaTThAyAru bhagge pavattagAniggahiyamicchadiTThIhiM / jahA NaM bhayavaM! jai tumamihaI ekka vAsArattiyaM cAummAsinaM pajiyaMtANamicchAe aNege ceiyAlage bhavaMti guNaM tujjhAraNattIe / tAkIra umaraNuggahamamhANaM iheva cAummAsiyaM / tAhe bhariNayaM teraNa mahAraNubhAgeNaM goyamA ! jahA bho bho piyaMvarA! jaI vi jiNAlae tahAvi sAvajjamiNaM NAhaM vAyA mitteNaM pi eyaM paayrijjaa| ___ evaM ca samayasAraparaM tattaM jahaThiyaM avivarIyaM NIsaMka bhaNamANaNaM tesiM micchadidviliMgINaM sAhuvesa dhArINaM majjhe goyamA ! asa kaliyaM titthayaraNAmakammagoyaM teNaM kuvalayappameNaM ega bhavAvasesIvamo bhvoyhii| tattha ya diTho agulavijja nAma saMghamelAvago prahesi / tehiM ca bahuhi hesitehiM ca bahuhiM pAvamaIhiM liMgiNiyAhiM paropparamegamayaM kAUraNaM goyamA ! tAlaM dAUraNa vippaloiyaM ceva / te tassa mahANubhAgasumahatavassiraNo kuvalayappahAhihAraNaM kayaM ca se sAvajjAyariyAmihANaM saddakaraNaM gayaM ca pasiddhi e| evaM ca saddijjamAraNo vi so teraNApasattha saddakaraNeNaM / tahAvi goyamA ! Isi pi Na kuppo| prahannayA tesiM durAyArANaM saddhammaparaMmuhANaM pragAra dhammo praNagAra dhammobhaya bhaTTANaM liMgamittaM nAma pamvaiyAraNaM pragAra dhammo maNagAra dhammomaya bhaTTANaM liMgamittaM nAma pavvaiyANaM kAlakkameNaM saMjAmo paropparaM mAgama viyaaro| jahA NaM saDDhagAraNaM asai saMjayA ceva maDhaM deule paDijAgareMti khaMDapaDie ya samArayayaMti / annaM ca jAva karariNajja taM paisamAraMbhe kajjamANe jaissa vi NaM Natthi dosa sambhave evaM ca kei bhaNaMti saMjamaM mokkhaneyAraM / anne bhaNaMti jahA NaM pAsAya vaDisae pUyA sakkAra bali vihANAi suNaM titthutthApaNAe ceva mokkha gamaNaM / evaM tesima viiyaparamatthANaM pAvakammANaM jaM jeNa siddhaM taM ce hAmUssiMkhANaM muheraNApalavati / tAhe samuThiyaM vAdasaMghaTTa / natthi ya koI tathya prAgamakusalA tesi jo tatthajuttA juttaM viyArei jo pamANamuvaissaI / tahA ege bhaNaMti jahA pramugo pramuga gacchammi ciTThe Page #419 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika asaphala prayAsa ] [ 361 ( ciTThai ) / zranne bharaNaMti pramugo, pranne bhAMti kimittha bahuragA palavieNaM savvesimamhANaM sAvajjAyarizro ettha pamANaM ti / tehiM bhariyaM jahA eva houtti hakkArAveha lahuM / to hakkArAvi gomA ! so tehi sAvajjAya rimro zrAgazro dUra desAzro appaDibaddhatAe viharamAraNo sattahiMmAsehiM / jAva NaM diTTho egAe ajjAe / sAya taM kaTTuggatavacaraNa sosiya sarIraM cammaTThasesa taNuM pracchaMtaM tava sirIe dippataM sAvajjAyAreyaM pecchiye suvihiyaMtakaraNA viyakkiu ( vitarkituM ) payattA ( pavannA prapannA) aho ki esa mahAra - bhAgo gaM so rahA kiM vA NaM dhammo ceva muttimaMto / ki bahuraNA tiyasiMda vaMdAraNaM pi vaMdarigajja pAyajuzro esa ti citiUNaM bhaktibharanibbharA prAyAhiNaM payAhiNaM kAUNaM uttimaMgeNaM saMghaTTemANI jhagiti nivaDiyA calaNesuM / goyamA ! tassa sAvajjAyariyasa diTTho ya so tihiM durAyArehiM paNamijja mANe / annA NaM so tesi durAyArehiM paraNamijjamAraNo annayA NaM so tesi tattha jahA jaga guruhi uvaiTTha tahA ceva guruvaesAgusAre NaM prANusAreNaM mAragupubbIe jahaTThiyaM sutatthaM bAgarei / te vi tahA~ caiva saddahati / zrannayA tAva vAgariyaM goyamA ! jAva NaM ekkArasaha maMgANaM coddasahaM puvvANaM duvAlassaMgassa NaM suyanAraNassa gavaNIya sArabhUyaM sayalapAva parihAraTThakamma nimmahaNaM zrAgamaM iraNAmeva gacchamerA pavattaNaM ( panavaraNaM) mahAnisIha suyakkhaMdhassa paMcamaM grayaNaM / prattheva goyamA ! tAva NaM vakkhAriNa yaM jAva NaM AgayA imA gAhA - jatthitthIkarapharisaM aMtariyaM kAraNe vi uppanne / arahA vi karejja sayaM taM gacchaM mUlaguraNa mukkaM // tI goyamA ! appasaMkie raNaM caiva citiyaM teNa sAvajjAyarieNaM jai eyaM jahaTThiyaM panname tamro jaM mama vadaNagaM dADamANIe tIe prajjAe uttimaMge raNa calaNaMge puTThe taM savvehiM pi diTThame ehi tti / tA jahA mamaM sAvajjAyariyAmi hAraNaM kayaM tahA annamavi kiM ci ettha muddakaM kAhiti mo sAvajjAyario citimro ( u ) / taha jaM mama sAvajjAyariyAbhihANaM kayaM imehiM tahA taM kiM pi saMpayaM kAhiti / jeNaM tu savva loe apujjo bhavissaM / tA annahA sutatthaM panavemi tANaM mahatI prasAraNA, to kiM kariyavbame ttha tti kiM eyaM gAhaM eva upacayAmi kiM vANaM annahA pannavemi / graha vA hA hA ga jutta-miNaM ubhayahA vi / praccaMta garahi yaM prAyahi yaTThIrameyaM / ja uraNa Page #420 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 362 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 bheyaM jaanobhe samayAbhippAmo jahA NaM je bhikkhU duvAlasaMgassa NaM suyanANassaasaI cukkakkhaliya pamAyA saMkAdI manayatteNaM (sabhayatteNaM) 'payakkharamattA biMdumavi ekkaM pavijjA annahA vA pannavijjA saMdiddha vA suttatthaM vakkhANejjA avihie aNuprogassa vA vakkhANijjA se bhikkhU aNaMta saMsArI bhvijjaa| tAki cevetthaM jaM hohI taM ca bhavau / jahaTThiyaM ceva guruvae sANusAreNaM suttatthaM pavakkhAmi tti ciMtiUNaM goyamA ! pavakkhAyA NikhilAvayava visuddhA sA teraNa gAhA / eyA vasarami coio goyamA ! so tehiM duraMta paMta lakkhaNehiM jahA jai evaM tA tumaM pi tAva mUla guNa hINo jAva NaM saMbharasu taM jaM taddivase tIe ajjAe tujhaM vaMdaNaMgaM dAukAbhAe pAe uttamaMgeNa puDheM / tAhe ihaloyagA vayasahIrU kharasattharIhao goyamA ! so sAvajjAyariyo ciMtipro jahA se jaM mama sAvajjAyariyAmihAraNaM kayaM imehiM tahA ya kiM pi saMpai kAhiMti, je NaM tu savva loe apujjo bhavissaM vA kimittha parihAragaM dAhAmitti citamAraNeNaM saMmAriyaM titthayara vayaNaM / jahA NaM je keI Ayariei vA (gagaharehi vA) bhayaharaM ei vA gacchAhivaI suyahare bhavijjA, se NaM jaM kici savvannahiM aNaMtanAraNIhiM pAvAyayaNa ThANaM paDisehiyaM taM savvaM suyAraNasAreNaM vinnAyaM savvahA savva payArehiM ko samAyarijjA No NaM samAyarijjamANaM samaNujANijjA / se koheNa vA mANeNa vA mAyAe vA lobheNa vA bhaeNa vA hAseNa vA gAraveNa vA dappeNa vA pamAeNa vA asatI cukkakhalieNa vA diyA vA rAmro vA ego vA parisAgo bA sutte vA jAgaramANe vA tivihaM tiviheNaM maNeNaM vAyAe kAraNaM etesimeva payANaM je keI virAhage bhavejjA se NaM bhikkhU bhUo niMdaNijje garahaNijje khisaNijje duguchaNijje savva loga paribhUe bahu vAhi (vAu) veyaNAparigaya sarIre ukkAsaThiie aNaMta saMsAra sAgaraM paribhamejjA / tattha NaM paribhamamANe khaNamekkaM pi na kahiM vi kayAi nivvuiM saMpAvejjA / tA pamAya goyaragayassa NaM me pAvAuhamAhama hINa satta kAurisassa ihaI ceva samuTThiyAe mahaMtA prAvai jeNaM Na sakko ahamettha juttIkhamaM kiM vi paDi uttaraM payAu je tahA paraloge ya aNaMta bhava paraM paraM bhamamANo ghora dAruNANaMtasoya dukkhassabhAgI bhavihAmi / ahaM maMdabhAgotti ciMtayaMto avilakkhiyo / so sAjjAyariyo / goyamA ! tehiM durAyArapAvakamma duTTha soyArehiM jahA NaM aliyakhara Page #421 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika asaphala prayAsa ] maccharI bhUzro esa to saMkkhuddhamaNa kharamaccharIbhUya kaliUNaM ca bhaNiyaM tehi duTTha soyA rehiM jahA jAva NaM to chinna bhiNNa mAsaMsayaM tAva Na uTThaM vakkhANaM cchittA etthaM taM parihAragaM vAyarijjA jaM poDhajuttIkhamaM kuggAhaNimma haraNa pavbalaM ti / 363 to te citiyaM / jahA nAhaM prarinneNaM parihArageNaM bho cukkimo esitA kimittha parihAragaM dAhAmitti citayaMto puNo vi goyamA ! bhaNi so tehiM durAyArehiM jahA kimaTThe ciMtAsAgare NimajjiUNaM Tho sigdhamettha kiM ci parihAra gavayAhiM NavaraM taM parihAragaM bhaNejjA jaM jahuttattha kiriyAe avvabhicArI / tAhe sudUraM paritappiUNaM hiyaeNaM bhariNayaM sAvajjAya-rieNaM jahA eeNaM pratthe NaM jagaguruhiM vAgariyaM jaM progassa subhatthaM na dAyavvaM / jano :- "grAme ghaDe nihataM jahA jalaM taM ghaDaM viNAsei / iya siddhAMta rahassaM appAhAraM viNA sei / / 1 / / tA puNo vi tehi bhaNiyaM jahA kimeyAiM zraraDabaraDAiM asaMbaddhAI dubbhAsiyAiM palavaha jai parihAragaM dAu na sakko tA upphiDasu suprAsaraNaM sara sigdhaM imAo ThANA kiM devassa rUsejjA jattha tumaM pi pamANI kAUNaM savvasaMgheNa samaya savbhAvaM vAyAreu jaM samAiTTho / to puNo vi suiraM paritappiUNaM goyamA ! annaM parihAraMgamalabhamAhi aMgIkAraNa dIhasaMsAraM mariNayaM ca sAvajjAyarieNaM / jahA gaM ussaggAvavAehiM Agamo Thimro tujbhe gaM yAraNaha / "egaMtaM micchattaM jiraNAraNamAraNAmagaMtA / " eyaM ca vayaNaM goyamA ! giNhAya vasati viyahi silikulehiM va ( varSati viyati zikhi kulairiva) hiraNavapAusagharagorallimava sabahumANaM icchiyaM tehi tehi duTThasoyArehiM / to egavayara doseNaM goyamA ! nibaMdhiUragANaMta saMsAri yattaNaM apakkimikaraNaM ca tassa pAva samudAya mahAkhaMdha melAvagassa mariUNaM uvavanno vANamaMtaresuM so sAvajjAyarimro timro cutro samANo uvavanno pavasiya bhattArAe paDivAsudeva purohiya dhUyAe kucchisi / " ( mahAnizItha hasta likhita prati pRSTha 47 (2) pRSTha 50 (1) taka) mahAnizItha ke uparyuddhata AkhyAnoM evaM uddharaNoM para gaharAI se vicAra karane para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki apane samaya kI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha kI hrAsonmukha sthiti ko dekhakara saMvega paramparA ke vidvAn AcArya haribhadra sUri ne vibhinna sampradAyoM athavA gacchoM ke mukhya rUpeNa sAta anya AcAryoM ke sAtha mila Page #422 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 364 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 baiThakara unake sAtha gaharAI se vicAra-vimarza kara vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta jaina saMgha ko ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha karane aura dhArmika mAnyatAmoM evaM kAryakalApoM meM ekarUpatA lAne ke saduddezya se samanvayavAdI udAtta nIti ko apnaayaa| vibhinna vicAradhArAoM vAle gaNoM athavA gacchoM kI bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue unhoMne jana mAnasa meM eka prakAra se gaharAI se ghara kI haI una mAnyatAoM ko bhI kevala isI saduddezya se prerita hokara dhArmika karttavya ke rUpa meM bojhila mana se svIkAra kiyA, jo na to zAstra sammata hI samajhI gaI thIM aura na paramparAgata hii| dImakoM dvArA khAI haI, sar3I-galI evaM khaMDita-vikhaMDita jo prati mahAnizItha kI prAcArya haribhadra ko milI, usakA uddhAra karate samaya unhoMne kina-kina zabdoM, kina-kina paMktiyoM, kina-kina pRSThoM aura kina-kina patroM ko naye rUpa se jor3A aura kauna-kauna se zabda, vAkya, pRSTha; patra Adi usa khaNDita mUla prati ke anurUpa the isa bAta kA ullekha AcArya haribhadra ne kahIM nahIM kiyA hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM Aja ke kisI bhI vidvAn ke liye nirNAyaka rUpa meM yaha kahanA nitAnta asambhava hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha mahAnizItha kA kitanA va kaunasA bhAga paramparAgata mUla svarUpa vAlA hai aura kitanA va kaunasA bhAga prAcArya haribhadra ke dvArA jor3A gayA hai / hA~, yaha jAnane kA anumAnataH eka rAstA avazya ho sakatA hai-aura vaha hai AcArAMga Adi zAstroM meM samAviSTa zAzvata tathyoM ke katipaya sthaloM aura mahAnizItha ke vibhinna AkhyAnoM ke vibhinna prasaMgoM para prayukta bhASA zailI vAle sthaloM para kSIra nIra vivekapUrNa vizleSaNAtmaka evaM anusaMdhAnaparaka dRSTi se cintana-manana karane kaa| jisa para se tattva marmajJa suvijJa jijJAsu itihAsavid yaha anumAna lagA sakeM ki vartamAna meM upalabdha mahAnizIya kA amuka-amuka bhAga vastutaH paramparAgata mUla vAlA hai aura amuka-amuka bhAga AcArya haribhadra dvArA unake samakAlIna sAta prAcAryoM kI anumati se isI saduddezya se prerita hokara jor3A gayA hai ki yena kena prakAreNa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha kI vighaTana kI prakriyA samApta ho jAya aura sampUrNa jaina saMgha meM ekarUpatA sthApita hokara vaha ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha ho jAya / ve vicAraNIya AkhyAna, prakaraNa athavA sthala mukhyataH nimnalikhita haiM : "(1) dravyastava aura bhAvastava para jahA~ mahAnizItha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai usameM bhAvastava ko sarvotkRSTa evaM parama svapara kalyANakArI batAte hue bar3e hI prabhAvazAlI zabdoM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki eka vyakti sumeru tulya ati vizAla evaM gaganacumbI ratnakhacita svarNanirmita jina mandiroM se sArI pRthvI ko AcchAdita kara de to bhI usakA vaha kArya lava-nimeSa mAtra avadhi taka kiye gaye bhAvastava ke anantaveM bhAga kI bhI tulanA nahIM kara sktaa| Page #423 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika asaphala prayAsa ] sapA [ 365 isase Age paJca maMgala ke prakaraNa meM dravyastava ke rUpa meM yaha vidhAna kiyA gayA hai ki pUrvAhna, madhyAhna aura aparAhna meM niyamita rUpa se sadA trikAla caityavandana karanA caahiye| caityavandana ke sAthasAtha isa prakaraNa meM vidyA siddhi mantra jApa aura vAsakSepa kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM prakAra ke stavoM kA varNana karate samaya jo bhASAzailI apanAI gayI hai usa para vicAra karane se sahaja hI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhAvastava kA mahattva batAne meM jisa antastalasparzI Thosa bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai usakA vAsakSepa mantra siddhi Adi dravya stavoM kA vidhAna karane evaM usakA mahattva batAne vAlI bhASA meM nitAnta abhAva hai| (2) Arya vajra aura unake pA~ca sau ziSyoM ke prAkhyAna meM tIrthayAtrA ko asaMyama kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| Arya vaja kI 1500 ziSyA sAdhviyoM ko vizuddha saMyama kA pAlana karane vAlI aura indriyoM para vijaya prApta karane vAlI zreSTha zramaNiyAM batAte hue unakI zlAghA kI gaI hai| una sAdhviyoM ne tIrthayAtrA ke lie apane guru se koI nivedana nahIM kiyaa| isake viparIta prAcArya vajra ke 500 ziSyoM ne apane guru se tIrthayAtrA evaM candraprabha svAmI kA vaMdana karavAne kI prArthanA kii| guru ne unako anumati nahIM dii| guru kI anumati ke binA hI ve 500 ziSya tIrthayAtrA ke lie prasthita hue| isa para guru ne unheM aisA na karane ke liye aneka bhAMti se smjhaayaa| guru AjJA ko zirodhArya na karane kI dazA meM guru ne unheM duSTa ziSya batAte hae unake sAdhu veSa ko unase chIna lene kA nizcaya kiyaa| guru ne eka ziSya ke veSa ko to chIna bhI liyaa| kintu zeSa ziSya vibhinna dizAoM meM bhAga gaye / ___ isa pAkhyAna ke anta meM 466 ziSyoM ke anantakAla taka durgatiyoM meM bhaTakate rahane kA tathA guru aura ziSya ke, jo ki tIrthayAtrA ke liye nahIM gaye, usI bhava meM mukta hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (3) deva devendroM ne puSpavRSTi Adi se tIrthaGkaroM kA dravyastava yA isa prakAra ke zAstrIya ullekhoM se dravyastava sabhI ke liye anukaraNIya hai ki nahIM isa prazna kA uttara dete hue mahAnizItha meM nimnalikhita tathya prakaTa kiye gaye haiM : Page #424 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 366 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 (ka) devagaNa ekAntataH avirata haiM isa kAraNa ve kevala dravyastava ke hI pAtra haiN| (kha) zrAvaka zrAvikAgaNa viratAvirata haiN| nitAnta avirata devatAoM meM aura viratAvirata gRhastha mAnavoM meM bahuta bar3A antara hai / ataH vastutaH bhAvastava nitAnta zreSTha evaM Atmahita sAdhaka hai| yahAM para darzANabhadra kA dRSTAnta paryApta hai| mumukSuoM ke liye mukti prApti kA vahI eka zreSTha mArga anukaraNIya hai jisa para svayaM tIrthaGkara prabhutroM ne calakara pAThoM karmoM ko naSTa kiyA aura bhavya prANiyoM ko janma jarA mRtyu se sadA sarvadA ke liye chuTakArA dilAne hetu dharma tIrtha kA pravartana kiyaa| (ga) jo sarvAdhika Atmahita sAdhaka aura zreSTha hai vija sAdhaka ko vahI karanA cAhiye jaisA ki tIrthaDrAroM ne kiyaa| sajIva nikAya meM se kisI bhI jIva nikAya ke prANiyoM kI hiMsA mahAn anarthakAriNI aura ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM bhaTakAne vAlI hai| isa bAta ko sadA dRSTi meM rakhate hue jo sarvAdhika Atmahita ke sAdhana rUpa ho, vahI sAdhaka ko karanA caahiye| (4) paJca maMgala prakaraNa meM trikAla caityavaMdana Adi dravyagtava kA yadyapi vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, kintu kamalaprabha jinako caityavAsiyoM ne mAvadyAcArya ke nAma se abhihita karanA prArambha kara diyA thA una kamalaprabhAcAyaM ke AkhyAna meM zramaNAcAra kA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zramaNa paramparA ke pratIka zramaNa kA jo varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha bar3A hI sajIva evaM mananIya hai| isameM do mukhya bAtoM para vizeSa vala diyA gayA hai| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki caitya nirmANa kI vANI mAtra se bhI bAta karanA sacce zramaNa ke liye akalpanIya evaM anAcaraNIya hai / "pApa hamAre yahAM eka cAturmAsa prAvAsa taka rahane ko kRpA kreN| Apake yahAM rahane se hamAre yahAM aneka caityoM kA nirmANa ho jaaygaa|" caityavAsiyoM dvArA kI gaI isa prArthanA ke uttara meM prAcArya kamalaprabha ne kahA :-- "yadyapi yaha jinAlayoM kI bAta hai| kintu maiM to isa sAvadha kArya kA vANI mAtra se bhI anumodana nahIM kara sktaa|" isa AkhyAna meM isa tathya pUrNa bAta ko una niyata nivAsI veSa mAtra se sAdhu caityavAsiyoM ke sammukha sAhasa ke sAtha kahakara kamalaprabha ne sarvotkRSTa puNya kA bandha kara liyaa| Page #425 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samanvaya kA eka aitihAsika asaphala prayAsa ] [ 367 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaGkara prabhu dvArA prarUpita zAzvata satya siddhAMtoM meM apavAda mArga kA vidhAna karane vAlA sAdhu sAvadhAcArya ke samAna ananta kAla taka bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| isa pAkhyAna meM vastutaH sacce zramaraNa ke liye caitya nirmANa kI bAta taka karanA aura apavAda mArga kA vidhAna karanA pUrNa rUpeNa varjanIya hai evaM anAcaraNIya hai aisA batAyA gayA hai / AcArya haribhadra kA samaya vAstava meM apavAda mArga ke vidhAnoM se aotaprota thaa| isa bAta kA itihAsa sAkSI hai| caityavAsiyoM dvArA aMgIkAra kiye gaye aura paricAlita dasoM hI niyama vastutaH apavAda mArga ke avalambana se hI nirmita kiye gaye the| sAvadhAcArya ke isa pAkhyAna ke mAdhyama se mahAnizItha meM caitya nirmANa aura apavAda mArga kA virodha kiyA gayA hai|" mahAnizItha meM ullikhita ina upari variNata tathyoM para vicAra karane se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki AcArya haribhadra ne samanvayakAriNI nIti kA avalambana lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ko ekatA ke sUtra meM prAbaddha karane kA eka aitihAsika prayAsa kiyaa| kintu unakA yaha prayAsa kevala asaphala hI nahIM rahA kintu usake dUragAmI duSpariNAma bhI hue| sarvajJa sarvadarzI pramu mahAvIra dvArA tIrtha pravartana kAla meM upadiSTa dharma aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra meM vizvAsa, AsthA evaM niSThA rakhane vAle zramaNoM ne prAcArya haribhadra evaM unake samakAlIna AcAryA DAga jaina saMgha ke samakSa prastuta kI gaI isa samanvayavAdI nIti ke sAtha kisI prakAra kA samajhautA nahIM kiyaa| paramparAgata dharma ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke Adarza siddhAMtoM se haTakara ve kisI ke mAtha koI samajhautA karane ko udyata nahIM the| prAcArya bhadravAha ke usa samanvayavAdI prayAsa kA dUragAmI duSpariNAma yaha hA ki caityavAsI Adi jina dravya paramparAyoM dvArA jA naye vidhi-vidhAna dhArmika kartavyoM ke rUpa meM pracalita kiye gaye the aura unameM se jina katipaya ko sagha kI ekatA ke saduddezya se prerita hokara prAcArya haribhadra ne mahAnizItha me mAnya kiyA thA una kArya-kalApoM evaM vidhi-vidhAno ko muvihita paramparA ke gacchoM gaNoM evaM mampradAyoM ne to apanA liyA, kintu caityavAsI grAdi una dravya paramparAmA ne mamanvaya kI dRSTi se mahAnizItha meM svIkRta bhAva paramparA dvArA vihita zramaNAcAra ko nahIM apnaayaa| Page #426 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAgamAnusAra jaina zramaNa va zramapI kA veSa, dharma zAstra evaM prAcAra vicAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM jisa prakAra mAnyatAoM kI dRSTi se anekarUpatA dikhAI detI hai vaisI hI aneka rUpatA usake sAdhu sAdhviyoM ke veSAdi meM bhI dikhAI detI hai| __ zvetAmbara mUttipUjaka, sthAnakavAsI, terahapanthI Adi tathA digambara terahapantha, bhaTTAraka, mayUrapiccha, gRghrapiccha, niSpicchaka prAdi meM veSa kI dRSTi se na madhyakAla meM ekarUpatA thI nAja hai| ye sabhI paramparAe~ dAvA karatI haiM ki jisa veSa ko unhoMne mAnya kara rakhA hai vahI vAstavika jaina zramaNa va zramaNI kA veSa hai / hA~ eka do paramparAeM aisI haiM jinakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki zramaNa veSa tathA unake vastra va pAtroM kI saMkhyA meM vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI ke antima caturtha caraNa se lekara sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka ke bIca kisI samaya zArIrika saMhanana Adi kI dRSTi se Avazyaka samajhakara thor3A sA parivartana avazya kiyA gayA thA / zeSa unakA veSa vahI calA A rahA hai jo mahAvIra ke zAsanakAla meM thaa| aisI sthiti meM vAstavika veSa kyA honA cAhiye isake nirNaya ke liye hameM jaina AgamoM ko dekhanA hogaa| jainAgama prAcArAMga sUtra aura bhagavatI sUtra meM isa para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| inake atirikta anya prazna vyAkaraNa Adi prAgamoM meM bhI yatra tatra isake ullekha milate haiM / saMkSepa meM katipaya ullekha prasaMgavazAt yahAM de rahe haiM :-- AuraM loyamAyAe, caittA pUvvasaMjogaM, hiccA uvasama, vasittA baMbhaceraMsi, vasu vA aNuvasu vA jAriNattu dhamma prahA tahA ahege tamacAi, kusIlA vatthaM, paDiggahaM kaMvalaM pAyapucharaNaM viusijjA, araNapu. vveNa aNahiyAsemAraNA parIsahe durahiyAsae, kAme mamAyamAraNassa iyAriNa vA muhatteNa vA aparimAraNAe bhee, evaM se antarAehi kAmehi pAkevaliehi avainnA cee // 1 // " (AcArAMga sUtra, prathamazra ta skandha, adhyayana 6) arthAt-kitane hI sAdhaka saMsAra ko duHkhamaya jAna kara, pUrvakAlIna saMyoga ko tyAgakara, upazama aura. brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karake aura dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajha, karake bhI kAlAntara meM pariSahoM se ghabarAkara sadAcAra-zIla se rahita ho dharma kA pAlana karane meM akSama asamartha ho ve vastra, pAtra, kambala aura rajoharaNa kA parityAga kara kAma-bhogoM kI abhilASA karate haiN| ve tatkAla Page #427 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mAgamAnusAra zramaNa-vepa-dharma-prAcAra [ 366 athavA muharta pazcAt yA thor3e samaya pazcAt kAma bhogoM meM tIvra mamatA rakhane vAle antarAyoM se yukta ve sAdhaka prAtmA aura zarIra ke bheda ko bhUla jAte haiM aura kAma-bhogoM se kabhI tRpta na hote hue vibhinna yoniyoM meM utpanna ho saMsAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| "je bhikkhu tihiM vatthehiM parivusie pAyacautthehi, tassa NaM no evaM bhavai.-- cautthaM vatthaM jAissAmi, se mahesaNijjAiM patthAI jAijjA, ahApariggahiyAiM vatthAI dhArijjA no dhoijjA no raejjA no dhoyarattAI vatthAI dhArijjA, apaliuJcamANe gAmaMtaresu promacelie, eyaM kha vatthadhArissa sAmaggiyaM // 1 // " (prAcArAMga sUtra, prathama zruta skandha, adhyayana 8, uddezaka 4) arthAt - jo abhigrahadhArI muni eka pAtra aura tIna vastroM se yukta hai, usake mana meM zItAdi ke kAraNa se yaha vicAra utpanna nahIM honA cAhiye ki - "maiM cauthe vastra kI yAcanA kruuN|" yadi tIna vastroM se kama usake pAsa haiM to vaha nirdoSa dUsare yA tIsare vastra kI yAcanA kare aura yAcanA karane para jaisA bhI vastra use mila jAya use dhAraNa kre| vaha usa vastra ko na to dhove aura na ghokara raMge hue vastra ko dhAraNa hI kre| vaha muni parimANa meM svalpa aura alpa mUlya vAle vastra rakhane ke kAraNa alpa vastra vAlA kahalAtA hai| yaha vastradhArI muni kI sAmagrI hai| _ "je bhikkhu egeNa vattheNa parivusie pAyabIieNa tassa na ho evaM bhavai biiyaM vatthaM jAissAmi se AhesariNajjaM vatthaM jAijjA prahApariggahiyaM vatthaM dhArijjA jAva gimhe paDivanne prahAparijunnaM vatthaM paridRvijjA aduvA ekasADe aduvA acele lAdhaviyaM bhAgamamANe jAva sammattameva smbhijaarigyaa| jassa NaM bhikkhuss...........||1|| __ (prAcArAMga sUtra adhyayana 8, uddezaka 6) arthAt-jo bhikSu eka vastra aura eka pAtra se yukta hai, usakI isa prakAra kI icchA nahIM honI cAhiye ki-'maiM dUsare vastra kI yAcanA kruuN|' usakA vaha vastra yadi pUrNataH jIrNa-zIrNa ho gayA ho to vaha dUsare vastra kI yAcanA kara sakatA hai| yAcanA karane para use jaisA bhI vastra mile use dhAraNa kare aura grISma Rtu pAne para usa jIrNa vastra ko pariSThApita kara de-tyAga de, athavA. eka cAdara rakhe athavA acelaka bana jaaye| isa prakAra vaha kamI karatA humA bhalI prakAra samabhAva ko jAne-samabhAva se rhe| "se bhikkhu vA bhikkhuNI vA abhikaMkhijjA vatthaM esittae, se puNa jaM vatthaM jANijjA, taM jahA jaMgiyaM vA, bhaMgiyaM vA sAriNayaM vA, pottagaM vA, khomiyaM vA, tUlakaDaM vA, tahatpagAraM vatthaM vA je niggaMthe taruNe jugavaM balavaM appAyaMke thirasaMghayaNe se egaM vatthaM dhArijjA no Page #428 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 370 / / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vitthAraM, do tihatthavitthArApo, egaM cuhtthvitthaarN| tahappagArehi vatthehiM asandhijjamANehiM aha pacchA egamegaM saMsivijjA / / 1 // " (AcArAMga dvitIya zruta skandha,paJcama adhyayana) arthAt-yadi koI sAdhu athavA sAdhvI vastra kI gaveSaNA karane kI abhilASA rakhe to ve vastra ke sambandha meM isa prakAra jAneM ki Una (Adi) kA vastra, vikalendriya jIvoM kI lAroM se banAyA gayA rezamI vastra, sana tathA valkala kA vastra, tAr3a Adi ke pattoM se niSpanna vastra aura kapAsa evaM Aka kI tUla se banA huA sUtI vastra evaM isa taraha ke anya vastra ko bhI muni grahaNa kara sakatA hai| jo sAdhu taruNa, balavAn, rogarahita aura dRr3ha zarIra vAlA hai vaha eka hI vastra dhAraNa kare, dUsarA vastra dhAraNa nahIM kre| parantu sAdhvI cAra vastra (cAdareM) dhAraNa kare / unameM eka cAdara do hAtha pramANa caur3I, do cAdareM tIna-tIna hAtha pramANa caur3I aura eka cAdara cAra hAtha pramANa caur3I honI caahiye| isa prakAra ke vastra nahIM milane para vaha eka vastra ko dUsare vastra ke sAtha sI le|" "evaM khu muNI AyANaM sayAsuyakkhAyaghamme vihUyakappe nijjhosaittA je acele parivusie tassa NaM bhikkhussa no evaM bhavai parijuNNe me vatthe, vatthaM jAissAmi, suttaM jAissAmi, sUI jAissAmi, saMghissAmi sIvissAmi ukkasissAmi vukkasissAmi parihissAmi pAuriNassAmi, aduvA tattha parakkamaMtaM bhujjo acelaM taNaphAsA phusaMti, egayare virUvarUve phAse ahiyAsei, acele lAghavaM AgamamANe, tave se abhisamannAgae bhavai / / 1 / / " (prAcArAMga sUtra prathama zru ta skandha, adhyayana 6, uddezaka 3) arthAt-ina pUrvokta dharmopakaraNoM ke atirikta upakaraNoM ko karmabandha kA hetu samajhakara jisa muni ne unakA parityAga kara diyA hai, vaha dharma kA pAlana karane vAlA hai| vaha prAcArasampanna acelaka sAdhu sadA saMyama meM avasthita rahatA hai| vaha prAcArasampanna acelaka (vihUyakappa) sAdhu sadA saMyama meM avasthita rahatA hai / usa bhikSu ko isa prakAra kA vicAra nahIM hotA ki merA vastra jIrNa ho gayA hai ataH maiM naye vastra kI yAcanA karU, athavA suI dhAge kI yAcanA karU aura phaTe hue vastroM ko sIU, athavA choTe se bar3A vA bar3e se choTA karU aura usase zarIra ko Avata karU / usa acelaka avasthA meM parAkrama karate hue muni ko tRNoM ke sparza cubhate haiM, uSNa sparza, daMza mazaka ke sparza kA parISaha hotA hai to vaha isa prakAra ke parISahoM ko sahana karatA hai / acelaka bhikSu lAghavabhAva ko jAnatA huA kAyakleSa tapa se yukta hotA hai| jisa prakAra bhagavAn ne pravedita kiyA hai, use samIcInatayA jAnakara jina dhIra-vIra puruSoM ne pUrvo athavA varSoM taka saMyama kA samIcInatayA pAlana karate Page #429 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zrAgamAnusAra zramaraNa-veSa - dharma - prAcAra ] [ 371 bIyaM / jA niggaMthI sA cattAri saMghADIgro dhArejjA egaM duhatthahue parISahoM ko sahana kiyA, use dekha samajhakara, mokSa mArga para calane vAle sAdhakoM ke liye ye parISaha sahana karane yogya haiM / muniyoM dvArA athavA sAdhviyoM dvArA vastra dhAraNa kiye jAne ke sambandha meM aura adhika spaSTIkaraNa karate hue AcArAMga sUtra meM jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai -- "sebhikkhu vA Ahesa NijjAI vatthAI jAijjA grahA pariggahiyAI vatthAI dhArijjA no ghoijjA, no raejjA, no dhoyaratAiM vatthAI ghArijjA, prapaliu camANo gAmaMtaresu promacelie eyaM khalu vatthadhArissa sAmaggiyaM / " ( AcArAMga, dvitIya zra taskaMdha, adhyayana 5, uddezaka 2 ) arthAt - saMyamazIla sAdhu athavA sAdhvI bhagavAn dvArA dI gaI prajJA ke anurUpa nirdoSa eSaNIya vastra kI gRhastha se yAcanA kare tathA prApta hone para una vastroM ko dhAraNa kare / kintu vibhUSA hetu na una vastroM ko dhoe na raMge aura na dhoye hue athavA raMge hue vastroM ko pahane hI / una alpa parimAraNa evaM alpa mUlya vastroM ko dhAraNa kara grAma Adi meM sukhapUrvaka vicaraNa kare / vastradhArI muni kA vastra dhAraNa karane sambandhI yaha sampUrNa pracAra hai, yahI usakA bhikSubhAva hai / " je bhikkhu acele parivusie tassa NaM bhikkhussaM evaM bhavaicAmi zrahaM taraNaphAsa grahiyAsittae, daMsa masaga phAsaM zrahiyAsittae, egayare anatare virUvarUve phAsaM zrahiyA sittae, hiripaDicchAyaNaM cAha no saMcAe ma ahiyA sittae, evaM se kappei kaDibandhaNaM dhArittae / ( zrAcArAMga, prathama zrutaskaMdha, adhyayana 8, uddezaka 7 ) arthAt - jo abhigrahadhArI acelaka muni saMyama meM avasthita hai aura usakA yaha abhiprAya hai arthAt usake mana meM yaha vicAra utpanna hotA hai - " maiM tRraNasparza, zIta, uSNatA, DAMsa-macchara Adi ke sparza, anya jAti ke sparza aura nAnAvidha anukUla athavA pratikUla spazoM ko to sahana kara sakatA hUM kintu pUrNa nagna hokara lajjA ko jItane meM asamartha huuN|" to aisI sthiti meM usa muni ko kaTibandha - colapaTTA dhAraNa karanA kalpatA hai / "tae gaM bhagavaM goyame chaTThakhamaraNa pAraraNagaMsi par3hamAe porisIe sabhAyaM karei, bIyAe porisIe bhANaM bhiyAi, taiyAe porisIe praturiyamacavalamasaMbhaMte, muhapottiyaM paDilehei, paDilehettA bhAyaraNavatthAI paDile paDilehettA bhAyaraNAI pamajjai, pamajjittA bhAyaNAI uggaheDa, uggAhettA jeNeva samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre teNeva uvAgacchai Page #430 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 372 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 uvAgacchittA samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM vaMdai namasai, vaMdittA namaMsittA evaM vayAsI icchAmi NaM maMte ..... bhikkhAyariyAe aDittae / (bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 2, uddezaka 5, pairA 107) arthAt-una bhagavAn indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara ne chaTTha ke pAraNa ke dina prathama pauruSI meM svAdhyAya kara, dvitIya pauruSI meM dhyAna sUtrArtha kA cintana kara tRtIya pauruSI meM zArIrika evaM mAnasika capalatA se rahita hokara asaMbhrAnta jJAnapUrvaka mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA kI, tadanantara bhAjanAdi arthAt bhAjanoM evaM vastroM kI pratilekhanA kii| pratilekhanA kara bhAjanoM kI pramArjanA kii| phira pAtroM ko liyA aura pAtroM ko lekara jahAM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra virAjamAna the, vahAM prAye, vahAM prAkara unhoMne zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI stuti kI / unheM apane pAMcoM aMgoM ko jhukAkara namaskAra kiyaa| vandanA namaskAra kara unhoMne prabhu se isa prakAra nivedana kiyA :--"he prabho ! maiM mApase AjJA prApta kara prAja chaTTha (bele) ke pAraNa ke dina rAjagaha nagara ke ucca-nIca evaM madhyama kuloM meM bhikSAcaryA kI vidhi ke anusAra bhikSA lene ke nimitta jAnA cAhatA hai|" prAgamoM ke ina saMkSipta ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya se zramaraNa-zramaNiyoM ke veSa meM mukhavastrikA, vastra pAtra Adi dharmoMpakaraNoM kA pramukha sthAna thaa| vaja RSabha nArAca saMhanana evaM samacatusra saMsthAna ke dhanI mahA tapasvI tathA usI bhava meM mokSagAmI mahAmuni skandaka praNagAra kI duzcara prati ghora tapazcaryA kA varNana karate hue vastra pAtra kA ullekha bhI bhagavatI sUtra meM mAtA hai jo isa prakAra hai : tae NaM se khaMdae aNagAre samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM prabhaNuNNAe samANe haTTa tuThe jAva namaMsittA guNarayaNa saMvacchayaM tavo kamma uvasaMpajjittA NaM viharati, taM jahA : paDhama mAsaM cautthaM cauttheNaM pariNakkhitteNaM tavo kammeNaM diyA ThANukkuDue sUrAbhimuhe pAyAvaraNa bhUmie pAyAvemANe, ratti vIrAsaNeNaM pravAuDeNa ya / " doccaM mAsaM chaTheM chaTheNaM....... rati vIrAsaNeNaM avAuDeNa ya / ......"solasamaM mAsaM cottIsaimaM cottIsaimeNaM aNikkhitteNaM tavokammeNaM diyA ThANukkuDue sUrAbhimuhe aAyAvaNa bhUmie pAyAvemANe, ratti vIrAsaNeNaM avAuDaNa ya / (bhagavatI sUtra zataka 2, uddezaka 1 pairA 62) Page #431 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAgamAnusAra zramaNa-veSa-dharma-AcAra ] [ 373 arthAt-- taba skandaka araNagAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se AjJA prApta kara harSita evaM tuSTa ho yAvat bhagavAn ko namaskAra kara guNaratna saMvatsara tapa ko aMgIkAra kara vicarane lge| guNaratna saMvatsara tapa kI vidhi isa prakAra hai --prathama mAsa meM vyavadhAna rahita nirantara ekAntara upavAsa karate hue dina meM utkuTuka Asana se baiTha kara sUryAbhimukha ho pAtApanA bhUmi meM prAtApanA lete hue aura rAtri meM vastra se prAvRta zarIra ko udghATita (khulA) kara vIrAsana se sthita rhte| dUsare mAsa meM do-do upavAsa, tIsare mAsa meM tIna-tIna upavAsa, cauthe meM cAra-cAra upavAsa yAvat solahaveM mAsa meM solaha upavAsa ke pazcAta pAraNa kI vyavadhAna rahita tapasyA karate hue pratidina dina ke samaya sUryAbhimukha ho utkuTa Asana se AtApanA lete aura rAtri ke samaya zarIra ko khulA rakha vIra prAsana se sthira rhte| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM unake zramaraNa saMgha ke mahAn tapasvI zramaraNazreSTha skandaka praNagAra jaise tadbhava mokSagAmI mahAmuni bhI vastra dhAraNa karate the| jaMpi yasamaNassa suvihiyassa tu paDiggaha dhArissa bhavati bhAyaNa bhaMDovahi uvagaraNaM, paDiggaho, pAdabaMdhaNaM, pAdakesariyA, pAdaThavaNaM ca, paDalAiM tinneva, rayattANaM ca, gocchano, tinneva, ya pacchAkA, rayoharaNa cola paTraka muhaNaMtakamAdIyaM evaM pi ya saMjamassa uvavahaNaThThayAe vAyA yava daMsamasaga sIya parirakkhaNaTThayAe uvagaraNaM rAgadosarahiyaM parihariyavvaM saMjaeNa NiccaM paDilehaNa papphoDaNa pamajjaNAe aho: rAmo ya appamatte Na hoi satataM nikkhi viyavvaM ca gihiyavvaM ca bhAyaNa, bhaMDovahi uvagaraNaM evaM se saMjate vimutte nissaMge nippariggaharUI nimmame ninneha baMdhaNe savva pAva virate vAsI caMdaNa samANa kappe sama tiNa maNi muttA leTTha kaMcaNe same ya mANAvamANaNAe, samiyarate, samita rAgadose, samie samitisu, sammadiTThI same ya je savvapAraNa bhUesu sehu samaNe suya dhArate ujjutte saMjate / [prazna vyAkaraNa (paMcama saMvara dvAra)] arthAt aura jo bhI pAtradhArI suvihita kriyApAtra sAdhu ke pAsa pAtra, miTTI ke bhA~Da aura sAmAnya upadhi tathA sakAraNa rakhane ke upakaraNa hote haiM, jaise pAtra, pAtra vaMdhana, pAtra kesarikA poMchane kA vastra aura pAtra sthApana jisa para pAtra rakkhe jAya, paTala pAtra DhaMkane ke tIna vastra aura rajastrAraNapAtra lapeTane kA vastra, gocchaka pAtra vastra prAdi pramArjana karane ke liye pUjanI aura tIna hI pracchAda proDhane ke vastra, rajoharaNa proghA, colapaTTaka pahanane kA vastra aura mukhAnantaka mukhavastrikA prAdi ye Page #432 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 374 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 saba bhI saMyama ke uparvahaNa vRddhi ke liye haiM / vAta, pratikUla vAyu, sUrya kA tApa, DAMsa macchara aura zIta se saMrakSaNa karane ke liye rajoharaNa Adi upakaraNa ko rAga dveSa rahita hokara sAdhu ko sadA dhAraNa karanA caahiye| pratilekhanA, prAMkhoM se dekhanA, prasphoTana, jhADanA aura pramArjana rUpa kriyA meM dina aura rAta nirantara pramAda rahita bhAjana, bhAMDa aura upadhi rUpa upakaraNa nIce rakhanA aura grahaNa karanA yogya hotA hai / isa prakAra vaha saM.mI dhanAdi rahita, nissaMga, moha rahita, parigraha ruci se dUra, mamatA rahita, sneha aura bandhana se rahita, saba pApoM se nivRtta, kulhADI mArane vAle aura candana kA lepa karane vAle donoM para samabhAva rakhane vAlA, tRNa aura mariNa, motI aura patthara va suvarNa meM samabuddhi rakhane vAlA aura mAna apamAna kI kriyA meM bhI sama, harSa viSAd rahita, upazAnta pApa-raja vAlA, athavA viSaya rati ke upazama vAlA yA zAnta vegavAlA, upazAnta rAga dveSa vAlA va pAMca samitiyoM meM samyaga pravRtti vAlA, samyag dRSTi aura jo samasta trasa sthAvara jIvoM meM samAna bhAva rakhatA hai vahI zramaNa zrutadhAraka Rju niSkapaTa va Alasya rahita va saMyamI hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM bhI isa viSaya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake anusAra jinakalpI, paDimAdhArI athavA abhigrahadhArI zramaNoM ke liye bhI kama se kama rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA rakhanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| . madhyakAla meM jaise jaise naye naye saMgha va sampradAyeM Adi banatI gaI vaise vaise inakI bhinnatA kI pahicAna ke liye sampradAya, saMgha evaM kSetra bheda se bhI 'loke liMga prayojanam' kI ukti ke anusAra thor3A bahuta veSAdi meM parivartana inake dvArA honA sambhava hai| phira bhI kucha na kucha aMzoM meM mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kI maulikatA se jur3e rahane kA sabhI ne prayatna kiyA hai yaha niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai / ina katipaya ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki zramaNa zramaNiyoM kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM kisa prakAra kA veSa thaa| pichale prakaraNoM meM caityavAsI, yApanIya evaM bhaTTAraka paramparAoM ke prAcAravicAra evaM unake dvArA pratiSThApita evaM prAviSkRta abhinava dhArmika vidhi vidhAnoM para, jinakA ki mUla AgamoM meM kahIM ullekha taka nahIM hai, vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlate hae tIrtha pravartana kAla se pUrvadhara kAla taka ke prabhU mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM Aye utAra car3hAva kA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| mUla viSaya meM praveza se pUrva devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla meM jaina saMgha meM pAye utAra car3hAva kA nirUpaNa karane ke liye yaha saba kucha vistAra se batAnA Avazyaka thaa| sAtha hI yaha batAnA Avazyaka thA ki ina bhinna prAcAravinAra athavA mAnyatAoM vAlI navodita madhyakAlIna paramparAoM ke varcasva ke Page #433 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ AgamAnusAra zramaNa-veSa-dharma-prAcAra ] [ 375 pariNAmasvarUpa cha sau varSoM se bhI adhika samaya taka sucArU rUpa se cale A rahe bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha para evaM usake mUla svarUpa, prAcAra vicAra vyavahAra upAsanA patha athavA veSa Adi para, usake dainandina adhyAtma sAdhanA ke vidhi vidhAnoM evaM kAryakalApoM para kyA prabhAva par3A evaM kisa prakAra vizuddha paramparA kA pravAha gauNa ho gayA aura kisa prakAra vIra prabhU ko bhAva pradhAna AdhyAtmika upAsanA kA sthAna bhautikatA pradhAna dravyArcanA evaM dravya pUjAdi ne le liyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha kA eka varga kahane lagA ki savastra ko kisI bhI dazA meM mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI aura cUki striyAM nirvastra nahIM raha sakatIM ataH ve usa bhava meM mokSa prApta nahIM kara sktiiN| isake viparIta dusarA varga kahatA rahA ki savastra bhI aura strI bhI mukti prApta kara sakate hai| vahI pahalA varga kahane lagA ki dvAdazAMgI kA lopa sA ho gayA ata: dvAdazAMgI meM se eka bhI pAgama Aja astitva meM nahIM rahA / isake viparIta dUsarA varga apanI bAta kahatA rahA ki dvAdazAMgI meM se 11 aMga aAja bhI vidyamAna haiN| bhale hI kAla prabhAva se usakA yatkicit hrAsa huA ho| yaha varga.pAgamottaravartI kAla arthAt vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 ke pazcAt prAcAryoM dvArA nirmita kiye gaye bhASyoM, niyuktiyoM, cUNiyoM, avaNiyoM, prakIrNakoM prAdi ko yathAvat samagra rUpeNa mAnya nahIM krtaa| siddhAntoM se sambandhita vivAdAspada viSayoM meM aMtima nirNAyaka evaM prAmANika aMga zAstroM ke ullekhoM ko hI mAnatA hai, bhASyoM, cUNiyoM, niyuktiyoM, TIkAoM, vRttiyoM prAdi ko pUrI taraha nahIM / vahIM zvetAmbara paramparA kA eka varga AgamoM ko aura bhASyoM, cUNiyoM, niyuktiyoM, TIkAnoM, vRttiyoM prAdi sabhI ko samAna rUpa se mAnya karane kI bAta kahatA hai / eka varga nagna mUrtiyoM kI pUjA pratiSThA meM vizvAsa karatA hai to dUsarA savastra mUrtiyoM kI pUjA pratiSThA meM / tIsarA varga mUrti pUjA kA mUlataH hI virodha karatA hai / vaha niraMjana nirAkAra kI adhyAtma upAsanA meM hI vizvAsa rakhatA hai| isa taraha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt Aja taka jitane saMgha, gaNa, gaccha, sampradAya, AmnAya prAdi utpanna hue, unakI yadi koI gaNanA evaM vivecanA karanA cAhe to varSoM laga sakate haiN| phira ina sabake veSa kA jahAM taka sambhava hai isameM bhI aneka prakAra ke vibheda haiN| digambara paramparA ke gaNoM gacchoM prAdi kA jahAM taka prazna hai isameM nagna rahane vAle sAdhu sUta kA eka ghAgA taka apane zarIra para dhAraNa nahIM karate to dUsarI Page #434 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 376 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 nora usI varga ke bhaTTAraka gabdikA, siMhAsana, chatra, cAmara, bhavana, bhUmi, dAsa-dAsI, dhana sampati Adi sabhI prakAra kA parigraha rakhate haiM / digambara sAdhu kevala pAdacArI hote haiM, to bhaTTAraka rela, vAyuyAna, kAra prAdi vAhanoM kA upayoga karane vAle haiM / zvetAmbara sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA jahAM taka prazna hai, unameM mUrti pUjA meM vizvAsa karane vAlA varga mukhavastrikA muMha para nahIM rakhatA, hAtha meM rakhatA hai| mAnyatA kI dRSTi se zvetAmbara saMgha kI sabhI sampradAyoM ne mukhavastrikA ko upakaraNa ke rUpa se mAnya kiyA hai / isI varga kA eka upavarga kevala vastra ke aMcala se hI mukhavastrikA kA kAma letA hai / ve hAtha meM daNDa rakhate haiM / isake viparIta sthAnakavAsI sAdhu mukha para mukhavastrikA rakhate haiN| rajoharaNa, pAtra va pustakAdi ke atirikta hAtha meM daMDa nahIM rakhate / isI paramparA ke eka varga ke sAdhu sAdhvI sthAnakavAsI zramaNa zramaNiyoM kI bhAMti mukha para mukhavastrikA prAdi rakhate haiM kintu ina donoM vargoM dvArA rakhI jAnevAlI mukhavastrikA ke AkAra prakAra meM thor3A antara rahatA hai / P jahAM taka prAgama dharma zAstroM ke vilupta ho jAne kI bAta ko mAnya karane vAloM kI bAta hai bhArata ke anya darzanoM vaiSNava, zaiva, vedAMtiyoM prAdi dharmoM ke apauruSeya kahe jAne vAle veda, bhASya, upaniSad, zrutiyA~, bhAgavat, mahAbhArata, gItA prAdi dharmagranthoM meM se eka bhI dharmagrantha vilupta nahIM huaa| ve vilupta hone kI koI bAta nahIM kahate / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna mahAtmA buddha ne jo bauddha zrAgamoM kA praNayana kiyA, unake bhI vilupta ho jAne kI bAta bauddha darzana vAle nahIM karate / phira kevala jainadharma ke digambara saMgha ke anuyAyI hI aisI bAta kyoM kahate haiM ? unake hI dharma zAstra, gyAraha aMga, upAMga, chedasUtra prAdi Agama grantha kaise vilupta ho gaye ? duSkAla prAdi ke prakopa vilupta hone ke kAraNa batAye jAte haiM to aisI sUrata meM bhI kyA akele jainiyoM ke zrAgama grantha hI inase prabhAvita hue, jainetaroM ke nahIM hue ? aisI sthiti meM ina sampUrNa zrAgama zAstroM ke vilupta hone kI bAta kisI bhI viza ke gale utaranA sambhava nahIM lagatA / isake sAtha hI yaha prazna bhI upasthita hotA hai ki "naSTe mUle kuto zAkhA " prarthAt mUla ke naSTa ho jAne para vRkSa kI zAkhA prazAkhAeM kisa prakAra astitva meM raha sakatI haiM ? inakI mAnyatA ke anusAra jaba dharma ke mUla AdhAra stambha svarUpa sarvajJa praraNIta zrAgama hI vicchinna ho gaye to prAja kI isa varga kI mAnyatAoM kA evaM inake dvArA mAnya granthoM kA prAdhAra kyA raha jAtA hai ? Page #435 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa- veSa- zAstra evaM AcAra-vicAra ] [ 377 eka ora yaha sthiti hai to dUsarI ora unhIM ke granthoM meM yaha bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki tIrthaMkara prabhu kI divya dhvani ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA grathita athavA caturdaza pUrvagharoM yA kama se kama dasa pUrvadharoM dvArA una grathita AgamoM meM se niryUDha kiye gaye dharmagrantha hI Agama ke nAma se abhihita kiye jAne aura mAnya hone ke yogya haiM / isa para se to AsAnI se yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki unake kathanAnusAra kyA aisA eka bhI mAnya dharmagrantha unake pAsa Aja vidyamAna hai, jo sarvajJa vItarAga prabhu kI divya dhvani ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA grathita prathavA caturdaza pUrvadharoM yA dasa pUrvadharoM dvArA niryUDha ho ? isI bhAMti eka varga meM parvoM, utsavoM, mahotsavoM Adi ke avasara para zrAcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM athavA zramaraNottamoM dvArA zramaraNa-zramaNI varga para vAsakSepa kI paramparA bar3I lokapriya hai / Avazyaka cUrNikAra ne to zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kara kamaloM dvArA gautamAdi garaNadharoM para vAsakSepa kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| jo lokottara vAsayukta thaa| lekina isakA mUla grAgama pAThoM meM kahIM ullekha prApta nahIM hotA / zrAja jainadharma saMgha meM pracalita sabhI sampradAya, saMgha athavA mAmnAyeM apanIapanI mAnyatAoM ko bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita vizuddha dharma kA rUpa mAnate haiM / aisI sthiti meM zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA apane tIrthaM pravartana kAla meM prarUpita zramaNAcAra kA evaM zrAvaka zrAvikAoM ke pracAra-vicAra kA mUla zuddha svarUpa kyA ho sakatA hai isakA nirNaya bhI prAcArAMga Adi zrAgamoM ke AdhAra para hI karanA cAhiye / zrAgamoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pradarzita dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa evaM zrAcAra-vicAra kI kasauTI para jo svarUpa evaM zrAcAra-vicAra kharA utare vahI vastutaH jainadharma kA vAstavika svarUpa evaM zramaNoM Adi kA vizuddha zrAcAra-vicAra honA cAhiye / Page #436 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 se uttaravartI kAla kI prAcArya paramparA yaha eka tathya hai ki tIrtha pravartana kAla meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jisa rUpa meM jainadharma kA upadeza diyA usa rUpa meM kAlAntara meM kAla prabhAva se aneka parivartana aaye| lagabhaga 600 varSoM se bhI adhika samaya taka jisa dharma saMgha ne apanI ekarUpatA ko banAye rakkhA vaha phira kAlAntara meM aneka saMghoM meM vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta kyoM ho gayA ? nija kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha vizva ke prANI mAtra kA kalyANa karane kI dRr3ha pratijJA ke sAtha jina mahAn AtmAoM ne saMsAra ke saba prapaMcoM kA, bhogopabhogoM kA, ghara bAra kA, svajana snehiyoM kA aura sabhI prakAra kI bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kA tRNavat tyAga kara ke duzcara zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI, AcArya pada ke garimApUrNa kartavyoM ke nirvahana kA bhArAkAnta dAyitva apane sira para uThAyA, unhoMne samaya-samaya para vibhinna saMghoM kA, vibhinna paramparAoM kA sRjana kara prabhU mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM vighaTana kA sUtrapAta kyoM kiyA ? kina kAraNoM se evaM kina pralobhanoM se kiyA ? kina paristhitiyoM se vivaza hokara kiyA ? vijJa, tatvajJa evaM parama jJAnI dhyAnI hote hue bhI ve vivaza kyoM hae ? isa prakAra ke anekAneka prazna pratyeka vicAraka ke mana meM utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai| ina praznoM kA samAdhAna prApta karane ke liye una vighaTanakArI prasaMgoM kA niSpakSa dRSTi se adhyayana karane para vijJa vicAraka svata: unakA samAdhAna prApta . kara skeNge| isa prakAra ke praznoM kA samAdhAna DhUDhate samaya yadi koI vyakti yaha samajhe ki kevala zithilAcAra ke vazIbhUta hokara, athavA ekamAtra apanI mahatvAkAMkSAoM kI pUrti athavA loka meM yaza prApti, saMgha meM sammAna, sattA, pratiSThA, aizvarya, vaibhava athavA ucca pada prApti Adi AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti hetu una zramaNa zreSThoM athavA AcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para apane apane saMghoM, sampradAyoM evaM paramparAoM kA pRthakapRthak ikAiyoM ke rUpa meM gaThana kiyA hogA to ekAntata: aisA samajhanA bhI unake sAtha nyAya karanA nahIM hogaa| Page #437 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 376 usa madhyakAlIna aitihAsika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika asahiSNutA bhare yuga ke ghaTanAcakra ke sandarbha meM taTastha dRSTi se vicAra karane para vidita hogA ki prArambha meM isa prakAra ke saMgaThanoM ke pRthak ikAI ke rUpa meM gaThita kiye jAne ke pIche mUla kAraNa adhikAMzataH ve tatkAlIna viSama paristhitiyAM hI rahI haiN| dharma saMgha para pAye saMkaTa ke bAdala kaise dUra hoM isake liye soce gaye athavA kiye jAne vAle upAyoM ko lekara saMgha meM utpanna hue matabheda hI samaya-samaya para hue isa prakAra ke vighaTana ke pramukha kAraNa rahe haiN| dhArmika aMdha zraddhA kA evaM tajjanita dhArmika asahiSNutA kA vaha yuga thaa| dUsare dharmoM ke AkarSaka AyojanoM, unake dvArA nirmApita mandiroM, una mandiroM meM pratidina pUre prADambara ke sAtha kI jAne vAlI prAratiyoM, hRdayahArI bhajana kIrtanoM, cittAkarSaka utsavoM mahotsavoM Adi kI ora haThAt bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM khice jA rahe apane dharma saMgha ke anuyAyiyoM ko dekhakara jaba jaina saMgha ke dharma nAyakoM ko AzaMkA huI ki dUsare dharma saMghoM kI ora umaDate hue jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke isa pravAha ko yadi kisI samucita upAya se nahIM rokA gayA to jaina dharma kA astitva taka ghora saMkaTa meM par3a sakatA hai, to jaina saMgha ke ve zramaNa zreSTha aura AcArya bhI uttarottara kSINa hote jA rahe apane dharma saMgha kI rakSA kI udAtta bhAvanA se apane dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye unhIM taura tarIkoM ko, AyojanoM ko, ADambarapUrNa pradarzanAtmaka athavA prabhAvotpAdaka kArya-kalApoM, anuSThAnoM Adi ko apanAne ke liye vivaza hue jinako anya dharmAvalambiyoM ne apanA rakkhA thaa| jaina saMgha ke jo loga isa prakAra ke kArya-kalApoM athavA isa prakAra kI abhinava prakriyA ko apanAne ke pakSa meM the unakA eka pRthak saMgha bana gayA aura jo. kisI bhI mUlya para apane dharma ke svarUpa meM skhalanAtmaka parivartana lAne ke pakSa meM nahIM hue ve apane mUla saMgha meM hI bane rahe / isa prakAra jaina saMgha kI ekarUpatA pRthak pRthak kaI saMghoM meM vibhakta hotI calI gii| ___ loka pravAha ko dRSTi meM rakhate hae jo loga apane dharma ko, apane dharmasaMgha ko jIvita rakhane ke liye dharma ke svarUpa meM samayAnukUla parivartana ke pakSa meM the, unakI saMkhyA uttarottara bar3hatI gii| isake viparIta jo sanAtana svarUpa ko yathAvat banAye rakhane ke pakSadhara the aise suvihitoM kI saMkhyA lagAtAra ghaTatI gii| ve alpasaMkhyaka banakara raha gaye / parivartana kI yaha prakriyA samaya deza kAla ke sAthasAtha tIvratA se calatI rahI jisake pariNAmasvarUpa anekoM abhinava saMghoM, sampradAyoM, gacchoM evaM paramparAoM kA janma huA aura ve apane-apane samaya meM bhautika ArAdhanA kI unnati ke sarvocca zikhara taka bhI pahuMce / para kAlakrama se ve laDakhar3Aye aura eka samaya aisA bhI AyA jaba ki ve jaina jagat ke kSitija se tirohita hote Page #438 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 380 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 gaye aura unakA sthAna dUsare lete gye| caitya vAsI, yApanIya Adi saMghoM ke nAma aise hI saMghoM meM ginAye jA sakate haiN| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se nikale jaina jagat ke prAcIna itihAsa ke mahatvapUrNa avazeSa (mUrtiyAM, pAyAgapaTTa, zilAlekha Adi) isakI sAkSI de rahe haiN| yaha eka saMyoga kI bAta hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 606 ke pAsa pAsa jaina saMgha meM vibheda kA sUtrapAtra huA aura lagabhaga usI samaya meM kuSANavaMzIya videzI mahArAjA kaniSka ne kAzmIra ke kuDalavana nAmaka sthAna para bauddha saMgIti kA prAyojana kiyA / itihAsa ke aneka vidvAnoM ke abhimatAnusAra kaniSka ne siMhAsanArUDha hote hI bauddhadharma ke pracAra-prasAra kI dRSTi se bhagavAn buddha kI eka bhavya mUrti kA nirmANa krvaayaa| usa bauddha saMgIti meM bhagavAn buddha kI mUrti kI pUjA pratiSThA ke prazna ko lekara bauddha saMgha mahAyAna aura hInayAna ina do saMghoM ke rUpa meM vibhakta ho gyaa| jisa saMgha ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA atyadhika thI vaha mahAyAna saMgha kahalAyA aura jisa saMgha ke anuyAyI alpamata meM raha gaye vaha hInayAna saMgha khlaayaa| cUMki buddha kI mUrti kA nirmANa mahArAjA kaniSka ne karavAyA thA aura vaha buddha kI mUrti kI pUjA pratiSThA kA prabala pakSadhara thA ataH yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki usakA saMgha (mahAyAna saMgha) prabala zaktizAlI hotaa| kaniSka ke rAjyArohaNa ke cauthe varSa (vIra nirvANa saMvat 606) kA eka mUrti zilAlekha kaMkAlI TIle se upalabdha huA hai jo jaina samAja meM pracalita mUrti pUjA ke itihAsa se sambandhita sabase pahalA aura sabase purAnA zilAlekha hai|' yakSoM aura nAgoM kI mUrtiyoM ko choDakara kaniSka samvat 4 se pahale kI kisI devAdhideva tIrthaMkara prabhu kI eka bhI mUrti mathurA ke isa ati prAcIna stUpa ke dhvaMsAvazeSa Tole kI khudAI se prApta nahIM huI hai| vIra nirvANa samvat 606 meM jaina dharma saMgha meM vibheda kA utpanna honA, lagabhaga usI samaya bauddha saMgha meM mUrti pUjA ke prazna kA uThanA tathA isa prazna ko lekara bauddha saMgha meM bhI vibheda kA utpanna honA aura ThIka usI samaya arthAt vIra nirmANa samvat 606 (kaniSka saMvat 4) meM tIrthakara prabhu kI sarva prathama nirmita mUrti kA kaMkAlI Tole se upalabdha honA ye tInoM hI ghaTanAe nimnalikhita tIna atyanta mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kI sabala sAkSI hai : 1. kaniSka ne sarvaprathama vIra nirmANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka ' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 Page #439 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 381 ke pAMcaveM athavA chaThe varSa meM buddha kI mUrti kI sthApanA evaM usakI pUjA pratiSThA prArambha kI / 2. buddha kI pratimA kI pratiSThApanA ke prazna ko lekara bauddha saMgha meM matabheda utpanna ho gayA aura usake pariNAma svarUpa bauddha mahAsaMgha mahAyAna aura hInayAna ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / 3. mathurA ke boddU stUpa ( devanirmita mAne jAne vAle stUpa ) meM kaniSka saMvat 4 ( vIra nirvANa samvat 609) meM tIrthakara bhagavAn ... kI prathama mUrti rakkhI gaI, jo kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI ke samaya bhArata sarakAra ke purAtatva vibhAga ko prApta huI / isI ko lekara mahAvIra kA dharma saMgha bhI bauddha saMgha kI bhAMti do athavA tIna vibhedoM meM ( bhAgoM meM ) vibhakta ho gayA / isa prakAra ke sudIrgha saMkrAntikAlIna saMkaToM se bhare andhakArapUrNa kAla se mahAvIra kA yaha dharmasaMgha gujraa| para vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA pUrNata: vicchinna phira bhI nahIM huI / dharma kA vizuddha mUla svarUpa, svalpa mAtrA meM hI sahI, banA rahA / prAcIna jaina vAMgmaya meM isake aneka Thosa pramAraga upalabdha hote haiM / inhIM ke AdhAra para devaddhagaraNa kSamAzramaraNa ke uttaravartI kAla kI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke AcAryoM ko pramukha sthAna para rakhate hue unake kramabaddha AcAryakAla ke pazcAt unake sAtha hI sAtha yuga pradhAnAcAryoM ke kramabaddha yugapradhAnAcArya kAla kA vivaraNa bhI hama yahAM prastuta karane meM saphala ho rahe haiM / Page #440 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 382 ] sAmAnya bhutaghara kAla (1) bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana ke sattAIsaveM paTTadhara devaddhagariNa kSamAzramaraNa ke svargAroharaNa kAla (vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1009) se lekara vIra nirvAraNa samvat 2168 taka ke devagiriNa kSamA zramaNa ke uttaravartI kAla kI kula 1156 varSoM kI sthAnakavAsI paramparA dvArA mAnya jaitAraNa se prApta prati ke AdhAra para zrAcArya paTTAvalI krama se yahAM prastuta kI jA rahI hai 28 26 (27veM paTTadhara devagiriga ke svargAroharaNa kAla vIra nirvAraNa saM0 2006 taka kA paricaya jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2 meM diyA jA cukA hai) paTTadhara prAcArya-kramasaMkhyA nAma prAcArya prAcArya kAla vIra ni0 saM0 vIrabhadra zaMkarasena jasobhadra svAmI vIrasena vIrajasa jayasena hariseNa jayasena jagamAla svAmI deva RSi bhIma RSi kizana RSi rAja RSi devasena svAmI zaMkarasena 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 .37 38 36 40 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 41 42 -: 1006-1064 1064 - 1064 1064 - 1116 1116-1132 1132 - 1146 1146-1167 1167 - 1167 1167-1223 1223-1226 1226-1234 1234-1263 1263-1284 1284 - 1266 12- 1324 1324-1354 Page #441 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 383 ' 46 47 46 xxx lakSmIvallabha rApaRSi svAmI padmanAbha svAmI harizarma svAmI kalazaprabha umaNa RSi jayaseNa vijayaRSi deva RSi sUrasena mahAsUrasena mahAsena jIvarAjajI gajasena maMtrasena vijayasiMha zivarAjajI lAlajI svAmI jJAna RSi nAnagajI svAmI rUpajI svAmI jIvarAjajI bar3A varasiMhalI laghu vara siMhajI jasavantajI rUpasiMhajI dAmodarajI ghanarAjajI cintAmaNi khemakaraNajI 1354-1371 1371-1402 1402-1434 1434-1461 1461-1474 1474-1464 1464-1524 1524-1586 1586-1644 1644-1708 1708-1738 1738-1758 1758-1776 1776-1806 1806-1842 1842-1913 1913-1657 1957-1987 1987-2017 2007-2032 2032-2052 2052-2057 2057-2065 2065-2075 2075-2086 2086-2106 2106-2126 2126-2148 2145-2163 2163-2160 58 63 S dha 70 Page #442 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 384 ]. | jana dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla (2) (yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvalI ke anusAra) (28veM yuga pradhAnAcArya taka kA paricaya jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2 meM de diyA gayA hai) - yugapradhAnAcArya kramasaMkhyA nAma yugapradhAnAcArya yugapradhAnAcAryakAla vora ni0saM0 1000-1055 1055-1115 1115-1167 1167-1250 1250-1300 1300-1360 1360-1400 hArila jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa svAti (hAritagotrIya zrI svAti se bhinna) puSyamitra saMbhUti mADhara saMbhUti dharma RSi jyeSThAMga gaNi phalgumitra dharmaghoSa vinaya mitra zIlamitra revatimitra sumiNamitra harimitra 1400-1471 1471-1520 1520-1567 1567-1683 1683-1762 1762-1840 1840-1618 1618-1963 vizAkhagAra 1963-2000 Page #443 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] janma dIkSA AcArya pada prAcArya-jIvana paricaya 28 veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI vIrabhadra svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya AcArya paryAya pUrNa sAdhu-paryAya pUrNa Ayu vIra ni. saM. 656 vIra ni. saM. 686 vIra ni. saM. 1006 vIra ni. saM. 1065 27 varSa 23 varSa 55 varSa 78 varSa 105 varSa zAsanapati bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zrI devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt unake bhadra ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 28veM paTTadhara prAcArya pada para pratiSThApita kiyA gayA / 27veM paTTadhara antima pUrvaghara zrAcArya uttarAdhikArI zramaNottama zrI vIra rUpa meM vIra ni0 saM0 1006 meM ke [ 385 inake jIvana paricaya ke sambandha meM kinhIM ullekhanIya ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa Adi kisI grantha Adi meM adyatana upalabdha nahIM hai| itihAsavidoM dvArA isa dizA meM samucita zodha kI apekSA hai / Page #444 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bha0 mahAvIra ke 28veM paTTadhara prAcArya vIrabhadra ke samakAlIna 26veM yuga pradhAnacArya zrI hArila sUri apara nAma (1) haribhadra sUri (prathama) (2) hari gupta sUri vIra ni. saM. 943 " ,660 janma' dIkSA sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya yugapradhAnAcAryakAla svarga sarvAyu " , 660-1001 " , 1001-1055 , 1055 112 varSa, 5 mAsa evaM 5 dina vIra ni0 saM0 1000 me 28veM yugapradhAnAcArya Arya satyamitra ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt prArya hArila ko caturvidha saMgha dvArA yuga-pradhAnAcArya pada para AsIna kiyA gayA aura isa prakAra Apa jina zAsana ke 26veM yugapradhAnAcArya hue / ApakA kramabaddha pUrNa jIvana paricaya to upalabdha nahIM hotA kintu Apake jIvana se sambandhita aitihAsika evaM dhArmika mahatva kI ghaTanAoM ke jo yatkicit ullekha prApta hote haiM, unase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki devaddhigaNi kSamA-zramaNa ke pazcAt aApa apratima pratibhA sampanna yugapuruSa hue haiN| jisa samaya hamAre rAjanaitika parAbhava ke rUpa meM videzI haraNa AkrAntAoM ke vinAzakArI caraNa bhAratavarSa para nirantara bar3hate cale jA rahe the, una videziyoM eka mAnyatA yaha bhI hai :janma vIra ni0 saM0 653 dIkSA vIra ni0 saM0 670 sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya vIra ni0 saM0 670 -1001 yugapradhAnAcArya paryAya vIra ni0 saM0 1001-1055 pUrvApara yugapradhAnAcArya ke janma, dIkSA Adi ke kAla para vicAra karane ke uparAnta uparyu llikhita mAnyatA hI ucita pratIta hotI hai| -sampAdaka Page #445 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 387 ke AkramaNoM evaM amAnuSika atyAcAroM se bhArata ke aneka bhU-bhAgoM kI prajA saMtrasta thI evaM rAjanaitika dRSTi se hama vizRMkhalita the aise saMkrAntikAla meM ina hArillasUri ne eka sacce yugapuruSa ke anurUpa avicala dhairya, aDiga sAhasa evaM anUThI sUjhabUjha ke sAtha usa AtatAyI kA apane ahiMsAtmaka DhaMga se pratikAra kiyaa| use mAnavatA kA pATha par3hAkara pIr3ita kI jA rahI prajA ke trANa ke liye eka sudar3ha prAcIra kA kAma kiyaa| usa yuga ke usa advitIya adhyAtmayogI prAcArya hArila ke upadezoM evaM alaukika pratibhA se prabhAvita ho hUNarAja toramAraNa unheM apanA guru banAkara sadA ke liye unakA upAsaka bana gyaa| toramAraNa jaise bhayAnaka AtatAyI ko mAnavatA kA pATha par3hAne ke kAraNa yugapradhAnAcArya hArila kI kIrti dUra-dUra taka phailii| huNarAja toramAraNa ne 26veM yugapradhAnAcArya hArila ko guru mAnA, yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai / isa aitihAsika tathya ko, inhIM hArilasUri kI ziSya paramparA kI chaThI pIr3hI meM hue AcArya dAkSiNya cihna-udyotanasUri ne apanI zaka saM0 700 kI kRti-"kuvalayamAlA" kI prazasti meM nimna rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai : asthi pahaI-pasiddhA, doNNipahA doNNi ceya desatti / tatthatthi pahaM NAmeNa, uttarA buhajaNAiNNaM // suMI diya cArusohA, viyasiya kamalANaNA vimaladehA / tattharitha jalahi daiyA, sariyA aha caMdabhAyatti // tIrammi tIya payaDA, pavvaiyA NAma rayaNa sohillA / jattha ThieNa bhuttA, puhaI siri torarAeNa / / tassa guru hariutto, Ayariyo Asi gutta vNsaano| tIe gayarIe diNNo, jeNa Niveso tahiM kAle / ' arthAt-pRthvImaNDala meM prasiddha droNapatha athavA droNa nAmaka eka deza hai / vahAM uttarApatha nAmaka eka patha hai, jo vidvAnoM se bharA huA hai-vyApta hai| usa uttarApatha meM samudrapriyA candrabhAgA nAma kI eka nadI hai, jo pavitra, kAntimAna, sumanohara zobhAzAlinI, khile hae kamala ke samAna sumukhI aura nirmala dehayaSTi vAlI hai| usa candrabhAgA nadI ke taTa para ratnajar3ita AkAra prAkArAdi se suzobhita 1. kuvalayamAlA, prazasti, pRSTha 282 Page #446 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 388 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 pArvatikA ( pavvaiyA) nAma kI vaha nagarI hai, jahAM siMhAsanArUr3ha rahate hue toramANa ne pRthvI kA upabhoga kiyaa| usa toramANa ke guru guptavaMzAvataMsa prAcArya harigupta (apara nAma hArila tathA haribhadra ) the / una dinoM prAcArya harigupta ne usa pavvaiyA nagarI meM kucha samaya ke liye nivAsa kiyA thA / " tassa guru hariutto, Ayarizra prAsi guttavaMsAo / " isa gAthArddha se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki AcArya hArila ( AcArya harigupta apara nAma haribhadra) kA janma yazasvI gupta rAjavaMza meM huA thA / zrAcArya hArila ke, gupta rAjavaMza meM utpanna hone viSayaka udyotana sUri ke isa ullekha kI puSTi meM vidvAnoM dvArA ahicchatrA se mile eka tAmra ke sikke ko bhI anumAnita pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| zrI sara kaniMghama ko ahicchatrA' meM mile eka tAmra ke sikke se aneka vidvAnoM dvArA yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yugapradhAnAcArya hArila (hariguptaapara nAma haribhadra ) zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hone se pUrva saMbhavataH ahicchatrA ke zAsaka guptavaMza ke mahArAjA the| I0 san 1884 meM sara kaniMghama ko jo tAmra kA sikkA milA hai, usa para eka ora "zrI mahArAja hariguptasya " yaha vAkya ulli - khita hai / usI sikke ke dUsarI ora padmapuSpa ke pidhAna ( Dhakkana ) vAle kumbha --- kalaza kI AkRti aMkita hai / padma puSpa sahita kumbha-kalaza vastutaH paramparA me preti prAcIna kAla se mAnya aSTa mahAmaMgaloM meM se eka maMgala hai | tIrthaGkaroM kI mAtAe~ tIrthaGkaroM ke garbhAvataraNa kAla meM jo caudaha mahAmaMgalakArI svapna dekhatI haiM, unameM bhI nauvAM svapna padmapidhAna saMyuta kaMcana - kalaza darzana kA hai / prAcIna sikkoM ke sUkSma parIkSaNa se vidita hotA hai ki jo rAjA jisa dharma kA anuyAyI hotA, vaha apane sikkoM ke dUsarI ora apanI dhArmika mAnyatA ke pratIka svarUpa koI citra aMkita karavAtA thA / pUrva meM rahI isI pravRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa prAcIna kAla ke sikkoM para bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke cihnAMkita citra upalabdha hote haiM / adhikAMzata: vaidika dharmAnuyAyI rAjAoM ke sikkoM para yajJIya azva kI " ahicchatrA nagarI rAmanagara ( jilA barelI ) ke dakSiNa pArzva meM thI / Aja bhI vahA~ cAra mAila ke gherAva meM TIlA vidyamAna hai / 2 nima prAciyolojikala sarve zrApha iNDiyA, volyUma 1 / 3 hemanta - bAla - diraNayara, samappabhaM surabhivAripaDipuNNaM / divvaM kaMcaraNa - kalasaM, paumapihANaM tu pecchanti // 110 // arthAt -- hemanta Rtu ke udIyamAna sUrya ke samAna nayanAbhirAma prabhA vAle, sugaMdhita jala se paripUrNa, padmapuSpa ke vidhAna se pihita divya kaJcana- kalaza ko una jina-jananiyoM ne 8veM svapna meM dekhA / - titthogAlI paiNNaya Page #447 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 386 prAkRti, zaiva rAjAoM ke sikkoM para vRSabha (nandI) kI prAkRti, viSNu ke upAsaka rAjAoM ke sikkoM para lakSmI kI mUrti aura bauddha dharmAnuyAyI rAjAoM ke sikkoM para caitya kI prAkRti upalabdha hotI hai| ahicchatrA meM mile uparivariNata mahArAja harigupta ke tAMbe ke sikke para puSpayukta kumbhakalaza kA cihna aMkita hai, isase vidvAnoM dvArA yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ahicchatrA kA gupta vaMzIya rAjA harigupta jainadharmAvalambI thaa| purAtattvavettA harigupta ke isa sikke ko vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI kA mAnate haiM, aura yahI kAla yugapradhAnAcArya hArila arthAta harigupta sUri kA rahA hai| ina paraspara puSTiparaka sabhI tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yaha anumAna karanA nitAnta nirAdhAra nahIM apitu sAdhAra pratIta hotA hai ki prAcArya hArila apane zramaraNajIvana se pUrva guptavaMzIya mahArAjA the| yaha eka anumAna hai| isa anumAna kI puSTi ke liye isa sambandha se samucita zodha kI AvazyakatA hai ki yadi hArila sUri apane gRhastha jIvana meM harigupta nAmaka mahArAjA the to unake pitA kA nAma kyA thA? apane pitA ke pazcAt unhoMne kitane varSoM taka rAjya kiyA, saMsAra se virakta hone para unhoMne apanA uttarAdhikArI kise banAyA, ve vastutaH guptavaMza kI mUla * paramparA ke zAsaka the athavA usakI kisI zAkhA ke ? yadi guptavaMza kI kisI zAkhA ke 4 to usakI rAjadhAnI kahAM thI Adi-yAdi / isa prakAra ke aneka praznoM para zodha ke mAdhyama se jaba taka pUrA prakAza nahIM DAlA jAtA taba taka nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yugapradhAnAcArya hArila apane zramaNa-jInana se pUrva guptavaMzI hariptagu nAmaka mahArAjA the| yugapradhAnAcArya hArila kI Ayu-parimAraNa ke sambandha meM "dussamA samasaMgha thayaM" kI avacUriNa ke anta meM do bhinna abhimata diye gaye haiN| pahalI mAnyatA ke anusAra unakA janma vIra ni0 saM0 643 meM, dIkSA 660 meM, aura dUsarI mAnyatAnusAra unakA janma vIra ni0 saM0 953 meM aura dIkSA vIra ni0 saM0 170 meM mAnI gaI hai / ukta donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAoM meM prArya hArila sUri kA yugapradhAnAcArya kAla vIra ni. saM. 1001 se vIra ni. saM. 1055 taka, kula milAkara 54 varSa kA mAnA gayA hai / dussamA samaNasaMgha thayaM kI avacUri ke anta meM jo samaya sAriNI dI gaI hai, usameM ApakA sampUrNa AyuSya 115 varSa, 5 mAsa aura 5 dina, ullikhita hai, jo pahalI mAnyatA ke anusAra hI ThIka vaiThatA hai| aisI sthiti meM uparyullikhita sabhI tathyoM se yahI phalita hotA hai ki prAcArya hArila kA janma vIra ni0 saM0 643 meM, dIkSA 66. meM, yugapradhAnAcArya pada vIra ni0 saM0 1001 meM aura svargArohaNa vIra ni0 saM0 1055 meM hmaa| Page #448 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 360 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ... 17 varSa kI avasthA meM harigupta ke dIkSita ho jAne kI bAta siddha ho jAne kI sthiti meM jisa sikke para eka aora 'zrI mahArAja hariguptasya' aura dUsarI ora padma-pidhAnayukta kalaza aMkita hai, use yugapradhAnAcArya hArila kA sikkA mAnane kI dazA meM yaha prazna sahaja hI upasthita hotA hai ki kyA ve 17 varSa kI vaya prApta hone se pUrva hI rAjya siMhAsana para prArUr3ha ho gaye the? yadi hAM to kisa vaya meM, kitane varSa taka sattA meM rahe aura 17 varSa kI svalpAyu meM hI kisa kAraNa dIkSita ho gaye ? rAjA ke marane para usakA vAstavika uttarAdhikArI cAhe choTI se choTI umra kA athavA navajAta hI kyoM na ho, use rAjA banA diye jAne kI paramparA paryApta rUpeNa prAcIna rahI hai, ataH pahale prazna kA uttara to santoSajanaka rUpa se mila jAtA hai ki sambhavataH harigupta ko alpAyuSkAvasthA meM hI rAjyasiMhAsanArUr3ha kara diyA gayA ho| zeSa do praznoM kA santoSaprada uttara taba taka nahIM diyA jA sakatA, jaba taka ki etadviSayaka prAmANika ullekha upalabdha na hoN| ina saba tathyoM para cintana-manana ke pazcAt yaha to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki yugapradhAnAcArya hArila kA janma gapta vaMza meM huA para ve dIkSita hone se pUrva rAjA rahe athavA nahIM, isa sambandha meM na to nizcayapUrvaka 'hAM' hI kahA jA sakatA hai aura na 'nA' hii| hAM, kuvalayamAlA ke 'tassa guru hariutto pAyariyo pAsi guttavaMsAno'isa ullekha evaM eka ora 'zrI mahArAja hariguptasya' tathA dUsarI ora padmapuSpapighAna vAle kalaza se aMkita vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa ke tAmra ke sikke- ina paraspara do eka-dUsare kI puSTi karane vAle tathyoM ke AdhAra para pratyeka manISI yaha anumAna avazya kara sakatA hai ki- sambhava hai prAcArya hArila zramaNaparamparA meM pravajita hone se pUrva kucha samaya taka mahArAja rahe hoN| astu, kisI bhI zramaNa athavA zramaNoM meM agraNI zramaNa pramukha kI mahAnatA kisI bhautika mApadaNDa se nahIM apitu AdhyAtmika mApadaNDa se hI prAMkI-pahacAnI jAtI hai| apane zramaNa pUrva jIvana meM vaha koI rAjA mahArAjA rahA ki sAdhAraNa nAgarika, vipula vaibhavasampanna zrImanta rahA athavA raMka, isa mApadaNDa kA eka zramaNa kI mahattA para vicAra ke samaya koI vizeSa mahatva nhiiN| vahAM to mahatva isa bAta kA rahatA hai ki usane sva tathA para kalyANa ke kauna-kauna se mahAn kArya kiye| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita mUla zramaNa paramparA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhate hue usake saMrakSaNa meM-saMvarddhana meM jIvana bhara kisa prakAra athaka prayAsa kiyA aura loka-jIvana ke sAmAjika naitika evaM AdhyAtmika dharAtala ko samunnata karane ke sAtha-sAtha prabhU mahAvIra ke dharmazAsana ko kisa sImA taka abhivRddha, abhyunata tathA lokapriya bnaayaa| isa kasauTI para kasate samaya jisa mahAsanta ke saMyamapUta jIvana Page #449 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravattI prAcArya ] [ 361 meM jitanA adhika nikhAra parilakSita hogA, vaha mahAsanta utanA hI adhika mahAn ginA jaaygaa| jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, yadyapi yugapradhAnAcArya hArila kA kramabaddha AdyopAnta jIvanavRtta kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA tathApi unake jIvana se sambandhita yatkicit sUcanAe jaina sAhitya meM kahIM-kahIM kevala saMketa ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotI haiM, unase uparilikhita kasauTI para zata-pratizata kharI utarane vAlI unakI mahAnatA kA sahaja hI AbhAsa ho jAtA hai / ve saMketa isa prakAra haiM: (1) aThAvIsa yugapradhAnAcArya Arya satyamitra ke svargastha hone para vIra ni0 saM0 1001 meM usa samaya ke mahAn pratiSThita evaM prabhAvaka pada yugapradhAnAcArya paTTa para unheM adhiSThita kiyA gyaa| apratima pratibhA, anupama prakANDa pANDitya, vizuddha, niraticAra, nirmala zramaNAcAra, sArvabhauma-sArvajanIna lokapriyatA Adi utkRSTa guNoM ke dhAraka zramaNa zreSTha ko hI usa samaya yugapradhAnAcArya jaise gauravagarimApUrNa pada para pratiSThita kiyA jAtA thA-- isase yaha tathya svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki zramaraNottama hArila vastutaH yugapradhAnAcArya pada ke liye apekSita sabhI guNoM se vibhUSita the, isIliye unheM yugapradhAnAcArya pada para pratiSThApita kiyA gayA / (2) Arya hArila ke yugapradhAnAcAryakAla meM hUNa AkrAntA toramAraNa ne bhArata para bhayaMkara AkramaNa kiyA thaa| itihAsa ke prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM ne toramANa dvArA kiye gaye bhISaNa narasaMhAroM ke pariprekSya meM use karatA kA adhiSThAtA pizAca aura naraka kA avatAra taka batAte hue likhA hai ki jahAM-jahAM taka vaha bar3hA vahAM-vahAM taka ke grAma-nagara usake dvArA kiye gaye narasaMhAroM aura vyApaka agnikANDoM se naraka tulya vIbhatsa lagate the| vyApaka jana-dhana kSaya ke usa saMkrAntikAla meM ahiMsA, evaM zAnti ke agradUta pArya hArila ne karatA ke avatAra toramANa ko mAnava banAne kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| prANoM ke moha kA parityAga kara, utkaTa sAhasa ke sAtha prArya hArila ne toramANa kI rAjadhAnI pavvaiyA nagarI kI aora vihAra kiyaa| apratihata vihArakrama se pavvaiyA nagarI meM padArpaNa kara hArilamUri ne kara hUNarAja toramANa ko upadeza diyaa| prAcArya hArila ke antastalasparzI upadezoM se toramANa kI gahita nArakIya krUratA kI unmAdapUrNa tandrA ttuuttii| use apane jIvana meM sambhavata: pahalI bAra yaha AbhAsa huA ki Page #450 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 362 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vaha ghora rasAtala kI ora unmukha ho rahA hai| udyotana sUri dvArA kuvalayamAlA meM kiye gaye isa ullekha se ki 'tAramAraNa kI rAjadhAnI pavvaiyA meM toramANa ke guru guptavaMzAvataMsa harigupta ne nivAsa kiyA thA, yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki inhIM yugapradhAnAcArya hArila apara nAma harigupta athavA haribhadra ke prathama upadeza ko sunane ke pazcAt toramAraNa ne inheM apanA garu banA kucha samaya ke liye unheM parvatikA (pavvaiyA) meM rahane kI prArthanA kI ho aura loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se sarvajanahitAya prAcArya hArila toramAraNa ke anurodha ko svIkAra kara kucha kAla taka vahAM virAje rahe hoN| unhoMne vahAM raha kara apane amRtopama upadezoM se eka aise nazaMsa-nirmama AtatAyI ko jise itihAsakAra krUratA aura naraka kA avatAra batAte haiMnarasaMhAra se vimukha aura mAnavatA kI ora unmukha kiyA / toramANa ke hRdaya parivartana se vastutaH jana-sAdhAraNa ne sukha kI sAMsa lii| haribhadra ke isa janakalyANakArI mahAn aitihAsika kArya kI prazaMsA ghara-ghara kI jAne lagIM / jo yaha eka prAcIna gAthA Aja upalabdha hotI hai, usase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki yugapradhAnAcArya hArila ne lokakalyANakArI koI aisA mahAna kArya kiyA thA jisase ki ve usa yuga ke jana-jana ke ArAdhya bana gaye the| (3) saMbhavata: AcArya hArila dvArA kiye gaye usa ananya upakAra ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue kisI ajJAta kavi ne unake svargAroharaNa ko eka mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika ghaTanA mAnakara unakI smRti ko cirasthAyinI banAne ke liye nimnalikhita aitihAsika gAthA kI racanA kI : paMca sae paNasIe, vikkama kAlAno jhatti prtthmitro| haribhadda sUri e sUro, bhaviprANaM disau kallANaM / / arthAta-vikrama saMvat 585 meM haribhadrasUri nAmaka sUrya akasmAt hI asta ho gayA, vaha bhavya prANiyoM kA kalyANa kA patha pradarzita kreN| ____ isa gAthA meM yugapradhAnAcArya haribhadrari ko sUrya kI upamA do gaI hai / isase yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki yugapradhAnAcArya hArila (apara nAma haribhadra athavA hari gupta) apane samaya ke eka mahAna yugapravartaka, yugasrapTA evaM zramaNazreSTha the / yaha gAthA merutuMga sUri ne kisI prAcIna kRti meM se lekara apanI kRti "vicArathariNa' meM uddha ta kI hai| Page #451 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ 363 (4) Arya hArila ne vIra ni0 saM0 660 meM dIkSA graharaNa kI thI / isase yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki ye devadvigari kSamAzramaNa aura 28veM yugapradhAnAcArya Arya satyamitra ke samaya vidyamAna the evaM zramaNa hArila ne usa samaya ke ina donoM mahAn yugapuruSoM kI sevA meM rahakara sampUrNa ekAdazAMgI aura avaziSTa pUrvajJAna kA bhI aMzataH jJAna prApta kiyA ho evaM Arya devagiriNa kSamAzramaNa ke tatvAvadhAna meM vIra ni0 saM0 680 se 663 taka huI grAgama-vAcanA meM bhI Arya hArila ne mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA ho aura unakI inhIM saba grAtyaMtika mahatva kI sevAoM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApana karane hetu uparilikhita aitihAsika gAthA kI racanA kI gaI ho / vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI AcArya ] (5) yugapradhAnAcArya hArila ke nAma para (saMbhavataH inake svargastha hone ke pazcAt ) hArila gaccha kI kisI samaya sthApanA kI gaI / usa samaya taka kisI bhI navIna gaccha athavA garaNa kI sthApanA adhikAMzataH aise mahAn zramaNa ke nAma para hI kI jAtI thI, jo lokavizruta, pratibhAsampanna aura zrutasAgara kA pAragAmI vidvAn ho / AcArya hArila ke nAma para eka navIna gaccha kI sthApanA kI gaI, isase bhI phalita hotA hai ki AcArya hArila apane samaya ke sarvotkRSTa zra utadhara, mahAna prabhAvaka evaM samartha yugapradhAnAcArya the / uparivariNata ullekhoM se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yugapradhAnAcArya hArila ne apane yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM hUraNa prAtatAyI toramANa kI vizAla vAhinI ke atyAcAroM se saMtrasta dezavAsiyoM ko abhaya pradAna kiyA / zrArya hArila ke prapara nAma jaina vAMgmaya meM yugapradhAnAcArya Arya hArila ke tIna nAma upalabdha hote haiM / yathA : - ( 1 ) hArila, (2) harigupta aura (3) haribhadra / "dussamAsa maraNasaMghathayaM" meM yugapradhAna paTTAvalI meM aura hArila vaMza paTTAvalI ke zIrSaka mAtra meM Apake hArila nAma kA hI ullekha hai / "kuvalayamAlA" meM ApakA nAma harigupta ullikhita hai / isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ApakA dUsarA nAma harigupta thA / prAcArya merutuMgasUri ne apane eka aitihAsika mahatva ke grantha "vicArazreNi" meM eka prAcIna gAthA uddhata kI hai / usa gAthA se yaha aitihAsika tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki vikrama saMvat 585 meM haribhadrasUri nAmaka sUrya akasmAt asta ho gyaa| ve bhavyoM kA kalyANa mArga pradarzita kareM / vicAra riNa meM isa gAthA ke Page #452 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 394 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 tatkAla pazvAt hI "tato jinabhadra kSamAzramaNaH" yaha ullikhita hai / yaha to eka nirvivAda aitihAsika tathya hai ki 26veM yugapradhAna hArila vikrama saM0 585 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1055 meM svargastha hue aura unake pazcAt 303 yugapradhAnAcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa yugapradhAna pada para adhiSThita kiye gye| to isa prakAra vicArazreriNa meM uddha ta prAcIna gAthA meM haribhadra ke vi. saM. 585 meM svargastha hone aura usI samaya unake uttarAdhikArI paTTadhara ke rUpa meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke yugapradhAna pada para AsIna hone kA ullekha hai| isase isa tathya ko mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI koI zaMkA ko avakAza nahIM raha jAtA ki yugapradhAnAcArya hArila kA tIsarA nAma haribhadra bhI thaa| eka hI prAcArya ke tIna nAma hone ke aucitya para thor3A vicAra karane para pratIta hotA hai ki prAcArya hArila kA gRhastha jIvana kA nAma harigupta thaa| dIkSA ke samaya sambhavataH unakA nAma haribhadra rakhA gayA ho / apane yugapradhAnAcAryakAla meM jaba unhoMne apane alaukika varcasva, nirbhIkatA, pratibhA evaM prabhAva dvArA hUNoM ke bhISaNa saMhArakArI atyAcAroM se deza kI rakSA kI to ve na kevala jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke hI apitu bhArata kI sampUrNa prajA ke bhI AdaraNIya bana gye| sambhavataH isI kAraNa sarvasAdhAraNa apane lokapriya trAtA ko 'hArila'-isa agAdha zraddhA aura pyAra bhare sumadhura evaM lAlityapUrNa nAma se sambodhita karane lagA ho evaM AcArya hArila kA janma yazasvI zAsaka guptavaMza meM huA thA, isa tathya ko kAlAntara meM kahIM loga bhUla na jAyeM isa uddezya se unakA harigupta nAma bhI granthakAroM dvArA apanI kRtiyoM meM ullikhita kiyA jAtA rahA ho| vastutaH aneka AcAryoM ke do do nAma jaina vAMgmaya meM upalabdha hote haiM / titthogAlI painnaya meM antima zra takevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu kA nAma 'sAdhammabhadda' (svadharmabhadra) evaM kuvalaya mAlA meM zIlAMkAcArya kA apara nAma tatvAcArya (tattAyario) ullikhita hai| isI taraha pannavaNAkAra Arya zyAma kA apara nAma kAlakAcArya bhI lokavizru ta hai| hamAre zAsana nAyaka svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bhI varddhamAna, vIra, mahAvIra, sanmati, nAyaputra Adi nAma AgamoM evaM prAcIna granthoM meM ullikhita haiN| ThIka isI prakAra 26veM yugapradhAnAcArya ke bhI vibhinna granthoM meM Arya hArila, harigapta aura haribhadraye tIna nAma upalabdha hote haiN| isameM kisI prakAra ke asamaMjasa athavA UhApoha ke liye koI avakAza nahIM rahanA caahie| nAma-sAmya se utpanna bhrAnti jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai yugapradhAnAcArya hArila kA apara nAma harigupta ke atirikta haribhadra bhI thaa| ina yugapradhAnAcArya haribhadra se lagabhaga 200 varSa pazcAt vidyAdhara kula meM haribhadra nAma ke eka aura prAcArya hue haiM, jo Page #453 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 365 mahAn TIkAkAra, granthakAra, dArzanika evaM vicAraka the| ve AcArya haribhadra. (dvitIya) vidyAdhara kula ke prAcArya jinadatta ke ziSya the| AcArya jinadatta ke ziSya AcArya haribhadra apanI kRtiyoM kI prazasti meM apane nAma ke Age "dharmato. yAkinI mahattarAsUnuH" tathA bhavaviraha likhate the| yugapradhAnAcArya haribhadra kA svargavAsa, jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, vIra ni0 saM0 1055 tadnusAra vi0 saM0 585 meM hmaa| Apake svargavAsa kAla kA bodha karAne vAlI eka prAcIna gAthA, jisakA ki prathama caraNa-"paMcasae paNasIe" hai, Upara uddhata kI gaI hai| vidyAdhara 'zAkhA ke prAcArya yAkinI mahattarAsUnuH-bhavaviraha kA sattAkAla vIra ni0 saM0 1227 se 1267 (vi0 saM0 757-827) taka kA rahA hai| isa prakAra ina donoM AcAryoM ke bIca 200 varSoM se bhI adhika kAla kA antarAla hote hue bhI nAma-sAmya aura uparyukta gAthA meM haribhadra nAma ullikhita hone ke kAraNa pUrvakAla se hI isa prakAra kI bhrAnta mAnyatA pracalita ho gaI hai ki yAkinI mahattarAsUnuH-bhavaviraha haribhadra sUri kA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 585 meM hI ho gayA thaa| yadyapi isa sambandha meM prastuta granthamAlA ke dvitIya bhAga meM paryApta prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai tathApi yahAM kucha aura aise navIna tathya prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM, jinase yAkinI mahattarAsUnuH-bhavaviraha haribhadrasUri kA sattAkAla nizcita rUpa se vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se nauvIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa taka kA siddha hotA hai / ve tathya nimnalikhita rUpa meM haiM : (1) AcArya haribhadra "bhavaviraha"-ne "mahAnisIha" chedasUtra kI eka mAtra sar3I-galI evaM dImoM dvArA khAI huI prati ke AdhAra para apanI mati anusAra usakA zodha evaM zuddhipUrvaka punarlekhana kara usakA punaruddhAra kiyaa| siddhasena (tatvArthasUtra ke TIkAkAra), vRddhavAI (AcArya bar3ezvara athavA citrapura gaccha ke prAcArya buDhAgaNi) AcArya yakSasena (hArilagaccha ke prAcArya yajJadatta mahattara), devagupta (sambhavataH upakezagaccha ke prAcArya), jasavaddharaNa kSamAzramaNa (sambhavataH yazodeva sUri ho sakate haiM) ke ziSya ravigupta, jinadAsa gaNi mahattara (zaka saM0 568, vi0 saM0 733 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1203 meM nandIcUNi ke racanAkAra) Adi lokavizruta zrutadharoM ne yAkinI Page #454 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 366 ] ? [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 mahattarAsUnuH - bhavaviraha prAcArya haribhadrasUri dvArA punaruddharita mahAnizItha kI prati ko bahuta mAnya kiyA hai / " mahAnizItha ke dvitIya adhyayana ke anta meM ullikhita puSpikA ke uddharaNa meM jina AcAryoM evaM mahAn zrutadharoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM, ve saba prAcArya haribhadra ( bhavaviraha) ke samakAlIna the| jinadAsa gari mahattara ne zaka saM0 568 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 733 meM nandIsUtra caNi kI racanA kI / AcArya haribhadra ne jinadAsagaNi mahattara dvArA racita Avazyaka cUriMga aura nandI cUriMga ke AdhAra para Avazyaka sUtra aura nandI sUtra kI TIkAoM kI racanA kii| mahAnizItha kI galita- khaNDita Adarza prati se jo unhoMne mahAnizItha kA punarlekhanapUrvaka punaruddhAra kiyA, use jinadAsa gariNa mahattara ne mAnya kiyA, isa prakAra kA spaSTa ullekha mahAnizItha ke dvitIya adhyayana kI puSpikA meM hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki prAcArya haribhadra (bhavaviraha) nirvivAdarUpa se jinadAsa gariNa mahattara ke laghuvayaska samakAlIna AcArya the | (2) AcArya haribhadra ( bhavaviraha) ne apane granthoM meM vibhinna dharmAvalambI jina dArzanikoM, granthakAroM, vaiyAkaraNoM Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM se dharmapAla kA samaya vi0 saM0 656 se 669 ke bIca kA, dharmakIrti kA vi0 saM0 661 se 706 taka kA vaiyAkaraNa bhartRhari kA avasAnakAla vi0 saM0 706 aura kumArilla kA samaya vi0 saM0 750 ke Asa-pAsa kA mAnA jAtA hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki prAcArya haribhadra vi0 saM0 750 se pazcAt hI svargastha hue haiM / " jo eyarama pracitaciMtAmaNikappabhUyassa mahAnisIha suyakkhaMdhassa puvvAyariso grAsI, tahi ceva khaMDAkhaMDIe uddehiyAiehiM heuhi bahave pattagA parisaDayA tahAvi praccaMta suhumatthAtisayaM ti imaM mahAnisIhasuyakkhaMdha kasiraNapavayaraNassa paramasArabhUyaM paraM tattaM mahatyaMtika liGagAM navayaraNvacchallatteNa bahubhavvasattovakArayaM ca kAuM, tahA ya zrAyayiTThAe Ayariya haribhaddeNa jaM taM tatthAyarise diTThaM taM savvaM samatIe sAhiUraNa lihiyaM ti / annehi pi siddhase divAyara, vuDDhavAi, jakkhaseNa, devagutta jasavaddharaNakhamAsamaraNasIsa ravigutta nemicaMda, jiNadAsagari maga savvarisipamuhehiM jugappahAraNa suyaharehi bahumanniyamigaM ti // ( mahAnizItha ( hastalikhita), dvitIya pra0 ke anta kI puSpikA ) rAjJaH paMcasu varSazateSu vyatikrAnteSu praSTanavatiSu nandyAdhyayanacUriMga samAptA / ( nandiri kI hastalikhita prati bhaNDArakara insTITyUTa, pUnA ) Page #455 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 367 (3) AcArya haribhadra (bhavaviraha) ke vi0 saM0 785 meM vidyamAna hone kA spaSTa ullekha eka prAcIna gAthA meM kiyA gayA hai jise harSanidhAna sUri ne apanI kRti 'ratnasaMcaya' meM kahIM se uddhata kiyA hai| vaha gAthA isa prakAra hai :-- paNapanna bArasa sae, haribhaddasUri AsI'puvvakaI / terasa saya vIsa ahie, varisehiM bappabhaTTipahU // 282 // arthAt - vi0 saM0 1255 meM apUrva racanAkAra prAcArya haribhadra sUri vidyamAna the aura vi0 saM0 1320 meM bappa bhaTTisUri hue| isa prakAra paraspara eka dUsare kI puSTi karane vAle uparyukta pramANoM se, nAma sAmya ke kAraNa huI bhrAnti ke nirAkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki vikrama saMvata 585 meM jina haribhadra nAmaka AcArya ke svargastha hone kA vicAra zreNi' se uddha ta gAthA meM ullekha hai, ve yugapradhAnAcArya hArila the aura unake vastutaH harigupta aura haribhadra ye do apara nAma bhI the / ___ isI nAma sAmya ke kAraNa eka aura bhrAnti bhI baDe lambe samaya se calI pA rahI hai| aneka granthakAroM ne apanI yaha mAnyatA abhivyakta kI hai ki yugapradhAnAcArya haribhadra (jinakA ki svargavAsa vi0 saM0 585 tadanusAra vIra nirvANa saM0 1055 meM hamA) ne mahAnizItha kI sar3I-galI aura dImakoM se khAI huI tathA khaNDita-vikhaNDita huI eka mAtra prati se, usameM zodha aura zuddhiyAM karake mahAnizItha nAmaka chedasatra kA uddhAra arthAt punarlekhana kiyaa| upayuMllikhita mahAnizItha ke dvitIya adhyayana kI puppikA meM diye hae tathyoM aura mahAnizItha meM prayukta bhavaviraha zabda para vicAra karane ke pazcAt yaha bhrAnta dhAraNA bhI anAyAsa hI nirasta ho jAtI hai aura yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki mahAnizItha kA uddhAra athavA aAvazyaka saMzodhana parivardhana ke sAtha punarlekhana vIra ni0 saM0 1255 meM una bhAviraha, yAkinI mahattarAsUnuH haribhadra ne kiyA hai, jina haribhadra kI vidyamAnatA kA ullekha uparilikhita gAthA meM hai|" prabhAvaka caritrakAra kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai / yugapradhAnAcArya hArila kI koI kRti abhI taka prakAza meM nahIM pAI hai| ' ciralikhitavizIrNavarNabhagnAvivarapatrasamUhapustakastham / kuzalamatirihoddhAra jainopaniSadika ma mahAnizIthazAstram / / 21 / / (prabhAvaka caritra, haribhadrasUricaritam, pRSTha 75) Page #456 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 28veM paTTadhara prAcArya vIrabhadra evaM yuga pradhAnAcArya hArila sUri ke samakAlIna niyuktikAra prAcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) kA jIvana paricaya vIra ni0 saM0 1000 se 1045 kI bIca kI avadhi meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu nAmaka eka mahAn granthakAra hue haiN| ve apane samaya ke viziSTa vidvAn, nimittajJa evaM niyuktikAra the| 28veM yugapradhAnacArya hArilasUri kA yUgapradhAnAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 1001 se 1055 taka rhaa| katipaya aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki niyuktikAra AcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya), inhIM 28 veM yugapradhAnAcArya aura haraNa rAja toramAraNa ke guru zrI hArilasUri ke samakAlIna aura samavayaska AcArya the| vartamAna meM upalabdha niyukti sAhitya ke nirmAtAoM meM prAcArya bhadrabAha kA sthAna agragaNya mAnA jAtA hai| unhoMne Avazyaka, dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, dazAzra taskandha, kalpa, vyavahAra, sUryaprajJapti aura RSibhASita ina daza sUtroM para daza niyuktiyoM kI racanAeM kii|' AgamoM kA adhyayana karane ke icchraka muniyoM evaM sAdhako ke lie ye niyuktiyAM prakAza-pradIpa tulya haiN| prAgamoM ke gUDhArthoM kI, pAribhASika zabdoM kI ina niyuktiyoM meM dRSTAntoM, kathAnakoM Adi ke mAdhyama se bodhagamya zailI meM suspaSTa rUperaNa vyAkhyA kI gayI hai, ata: ye AgamoM ke adhyetAoM tathA adhyApakA---donoM hI ke lie samAna rUpa se bar3I upayogI siddha hotI haiM / niyukti sAhitya kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM "sAgara ko gAgara meM musamAhita kara dene vAlA" saMkSepa zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai / vizada vizAla artha, AkhyAnoM, dRSTAntoM, kathAnakoM ' pAyArasma dasarvakAliyassa, taha uttarajjhamAyAre / suyagaDe nijjutti, vocchAmi tahA damAragaM ca / / 14 / / kappassa ya Nijjutti, vavahArasseva paramaniuraNassa / sUriyapannattIe, vuccha isibhA siyAraNaM ca // 65 // 1 (Avazyaka niyukti) Page #457 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] | 366 evaM ghaTanAoM kI ora saMketakArI bindu meM sindhu kI sUkti ko sArthaka karane vAle nape-tule zabdasamUha se nirmita ina niyuktiyoM kI eka-eka gAthA ko jJAna kA koza kahA jAya to atizayokti nahIM hogI / isa sArapUrNa sAMketika zailI meM nibaddha hone ke kAraNa ye niyuktiyAM zAstroM ke gUr3hArthoM ko hRdayaMgama karane aura zAstroM meM nihita athAha jJAna ko kramabaddha rUpa se kaNThastha karane meM sadA se hI sabala sAdhana samajhI jAtI rahI haiN| isI kAraNa AgamoM ke vyAkhyA granthoM meM niyukti-sAhitya kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| niyuktiyoM meM mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacaritroM, sUktiyoM, dRSTAntoM aura kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se Agama jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha AryadharA ke prAcIna dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM Arthika jIvana para bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jisameM hameM usa samaya ke janajIvana ke AcAra-vyavahAra, usake jIvana-darzana aura hamArI prAcIna saMskRti ke darzana hote haiM / daza sUtroM ke gUr3hArtha ko spaSTataH abhivyakta karane vAlI daza niyuktiyoM kI saMracanA kara AcArya bhadrabAhu ne jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| jainasamAja, bhadrabAhu dvArA kiye gaye isa mahAn upakAra se apane Apako vigata caudaha-pandraha zatAbdiyoM se unakA upakRta aura RNI samajhatA calA A rahA hai| vastutaH ve jaina jagat ke divya jyotirdhara nakSatra the / vigata katipaya zatAbdiyoM se nAmasAmya ke pariNAma svarUpa aneka vidvAn vIra nirvANa saM0 170 meM svargastha hue antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko hI uparilikhita daza niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra mAnate cale A rahe the / parantu zodhabuddhi vidvAnoM ne na kevala eka do, grapitu aneka sabala pramANoM se yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra va takevalI bhadravAha nahIM apitu unake svargastha hone ke lagabhaga paune nava sau ( 875) varSa pazcAt taka vidyamAna nimitajJa bhadrabAha (dvitIya) the / ' ) "uttarAdhyayana-niyukti" meM svayaM niyuktikAra spaSTa zabdoM meM kaha rahe haiM ki ve caturdazapUrvadhara nahIM haiM :-- savve ee dArA, maraNavibhattIi vaNiyA kamaso / sagala uNe payatthe, jiraNa cauddasapuvvi bhAsati // 1 vistRta vivecana ke liye dekhiye "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, 2 uttarAdhyayana-niryukti, maraNa vibhakti, gAthA saM0 233 pR. 363-371 / -sampAdaka Page #458 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 400 ) [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 arthAt-maiMne maraNavibhakti se sambandhita samasta dvAroM kA anukrama se varNana kiyA hai / vastutaH padArthoM kA sampUrNarUpeNa vizada varNana to kevalajJAnI aura caturdaza pUrvadhara hI karane meM samartha haiN| isake atirikta dazAzru taskandha-niyukti kI pahalI gAthA meM niyuttikAra dvArA apane se bahuta pahale hue antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko nimnalikhita zabdoM meM namaskAra kiyA hai : vaMdAmi bhaddabAhu, pAdaNaM crimsglsuynaarinn| suttassa kAragamisi, dasAsu kappe ya vavahAre // 1 // arthAt-- dazAzru taskandha, kalpa aura vyavahAra-ina tIna sUtroM kI, pUrvo se niyUhanapUrvaka racanA karane vAle maharSi evaM antima zrutakevalI, prAcIna prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu ko maiM vandanA karatA huuN| ___ isa gAthA se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki antima zra takevalI bhadrabAha ne dazAzru taskandha, kalpa aura vyavahAra ina tIna sUtroM kI racanA kii| unhoMne niyuktiyoM kI racanA nahIM kii| niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra to unase bahuta kAla pazcAt hue nimitajJa bhadravAhu nAmaka dUsare prAcArya haiM, jo ki zru takevalI bhadrabAhu se bahuta kAla pazcAt hue| niyuktikAra nimitajJa bhadrabAhu ne apane Apako antima zru takevalI bhadrabAhu se bhinna batAte hue, unheM prAcIna, antima zra takevalI aura dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra kAra ina tIna vizeSaNoM se alaMkRta kara vandana kiyA hai| isa prakAra ke stutiparaka alaMkAroM dvArA apane mukha se, apanI lekhanI se apanI hI stuti kara svayaM dvArA svayaM ko namaskAra karane kI bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI jaise maharSi se apekSA karanA atyanta anucita aura avicArapUrNa hI mAnA jaaygaa| ye do tathya hI isa bAta kA antima nirNaya karane ke lie paryApta hai ki uparyullikhita daza niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra antima zra takevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu nahIM apitu uname ATha sau, paune nava sau varSa pazcAt kI avadhi ke bIca hue nimitaja bhadrabAhu the| ___ jahAM taka niyuktikAra nimitajJa bhadrabAha ke jIvana paricaya kA prazna hai, isa sambandha meM madhyayugIna kathA sAhitya meM, ina pATha sau nava so varSoM ke antara se hue donoM mahAn AcAryoM ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko antima caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ke. jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke rUpa meM hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tathApi aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para nimitajJa evaM niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu kA jIvanacaritra nimnalikhita rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jA sakatA hai : --- Page #459 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bora samvata 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya / [ 401 vIra nirvANa kI AThavI zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM mahArASTra ke pratipThAnapura nAmaka nagara meM bhadrabAha aura varAhamihira nAmaka do brAhmaNakizora rahate the| ve donoM sahodara the to bar3e kuzAgrabuddhi aura vidvAn, kintu the nitAnta nirAzrita aura nirdhana / eka dina una donoM bhrAtAoM ko eka vidvAna jainAcArya ke pravacana sunane kA saubhAgya prApta huaa| una mahApuruSa kA upadeza sunakara brAhmaNa kizora bhadrabAhu kA roma-roma vairAgya ke raMga meM raMga gyaa| usane zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hone kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara apane laghu sahodara varAhamihira se kahA-"priya anuja ! mujhe isa saMsAra se virakti ho gaI hai / ataH maiM to ina samartha gurucaraNoM kI zaraNa grahaNa kara jIvana paryanta saMyama kI sAdhanA karUMgA / tuma ghara lauTa jAno aura pUrI dakSatA ke sAtha apane jIvana ko sukhI banAne meM juTa jaao| tumhArA jIvana sukhamaya ho, yahI merI kAmanA hai|" isa para varAhamihira ne kahA- "AdaraNIya agraja ! jaba Apa isa saMsAra sAgara se pAra hone ke lie mahAn dharmapota kA Azraya grahaNa karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara cuke haiM to phira maiM pIche rahakara bhavasAgara meM kyoM dduubuugaa| maiM ApakA anuja hUM, maiM bhI prApakA anugamana kruugaa|" una donoM brAhmaNa kizoroM ne prAcAryadeva ke pAsa zramaNadharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| donoM muni bhrAtAoM ne gurucaraNoM meM baiThakara zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyaa| muni bhadrabAhu ne vinayapUrvaka bar3I niSThA ke sAtha AgamoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura unakI gaNanA Agama-marmajJa muniyoM meM kI jAne lgii| muni bhadrabAhu bar3e hI vinIta, sevAbhAvI, svAdhyAyaparAyaNa aura AgamajJAna ke rasika the| dUsarI ora muni varAha mihira kA pUrA jhakAva camatkAra pradarzana kI ora rhaa| ve apane guru aura jyeSTha bandhu bhadrabAhu kI hitazikSAoM kI upekSA kara kevala jyotiSa zAstroM ke adhyayana manana meM hI apane jIvana kI saphalatA ko prAMkane lage / varAhamihira ne candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti evaM anyAnya jyotiSa granthoM kA adhyayana gaharI ruci se kiyaa| ve nimittajJAnI bana gaye evaM apane isa nimittajJAna ke bala para svayaM ko prAcAryapada kA vAstavika adhikArI samajhane lge| apane jyotiSa jJAna para unake antara meM ahaMkAra bhI jAgata ho uThA aura vaha uttarottara bar3hatA hI gyaa| apane antima samaya meM ina donoM ke guru ne apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM AcArya pada pradAna karane ke lie apane ziSyavarga meM se kisI suyogya ziSya kA cayana karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| isa sambandha meM vicAra karate-karate nimnalikhita eka gAthA unake dhyAna meM AI :--- bUDho gaNahara saddo, goyamAihiM dhIrapurisehiM / jo taM Thavai apatte, jANato so mahApAvo / / Page #460 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 402 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -- bhAga 3 arthAt gaNadhara jaise garimAmaya pada ko gautama Adi dhIra gambhIra mahApuruSoM ne vahana kiyA hai| aise mahAna pada para yadi koI jAnabUjha kara isa pada ke ayogya kisI apAtra ko niyukta kara detA hai to vaha ghorAtighora pApa kA bhAgI hotA hai| ___ isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue una AcArya ne varAhamihira ko prAcArya pada ke ayogya aura bhadrabAhu ko AcArya pada ke yogya samajha kara muni bhadrabAhu ko apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara unheM prAcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| apane guru ke isa nirNaya se varAhamihira ke hRdaya ko gaharA AghAta pahuMcA / vaha mana hI mana apane jyeSTha bhrAtA bhadrabAhu se IrSyA aura vidveSa rakhane lgaa| usane ise apanA apamAna samajha kara sadA ke liye apane bar3e bhAI bhadrabAha kA sAtha chor3a kara anyatra cale jAne kA nizcaya kara liyaa| tIvra kaSAya evaM mithyAtva ke udaya se usake mana meM bhadrabAha ke viruddha vidvaSAgni itanI prabala vega se bhar3aka uThI kiM apane bAraha varSa ke zramaNa jIvana ko tilAMjali de ve puna: gRhastha bana gye| unhoMne prAcIna granthoM se camatkArI mantroM evaM tantroM kA cayana kara aneka zrImantoM ke hRdaya para apanA prabhAva jamAyA aura unase vipula dhana prApta karane lage / jyotiSa mantra, tantra Adi ke camatkArika prabhAva se jyoM-jyoM unheM dhana kI . upalabdhi hotI gaI, tyoM-tyoM unakI bhautika mahatvAkAMkSAeM bar3hatI gii| janamAnasa para apanI mahattA kI amiTa chApa jamAne ke lie unhoMne apane bhaktoM ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra kA pracAra karavAnA prArambha kara diyA ki ve bAraha varSa taka sUryamaNDala meM rahakara Aye haiM / svayaM sUrya ne use grahamaNDala ke udaya, asta, gati, sthiti aura unake zubhAzubha phala prAdi pratyakSa dikhA kara jyotiSa zAstra kI sampUrNa zikSA dI hai| svayaM sUrya ne use jyotiSa vidyA meM pUrNata: pAraMgata kara pRthvI para bhejA hai| unhoMne sUrya prajJapti, candraprajJapti evaM anyAnya jyotiSa granthoM se jyotiSa ke sAra ko lekara eka apUrva jyotiSa grantha kI racanA kii| isa prakAra unakI aneka camatkArapUrNa kRtiyoM evaM kiMvadantiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa varAhamihira kI cAroM ora prasiddhi phailane lgii| isa lokaprasiddhi se prabhAvita hokara pratiSThAnapUra ke mahArAjA ne varAhamihira ko apanA rAjapurohita banA liyaa| rAjapurohita kA pada prApta kara lene ke anantara to varAhamihira ke jyotiSa jJAna kI khyAti cAroM ora aura bhI tIvratA se phailane lgii| unhIM dinoM nimittajJa AcArya bhadrabAhu kA pratiSThAnapura meM AnA huaa| isa zubha samvAda ko sunakara pratiSThAnapura kA rAjA bhI apane parijanoM evaM paurajanoM ke sAtha prAcAryazrI ke darzana aura pravacana zravaNa ke liye nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM Page #461 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 403 phNcaa| rAjapurohita varAhamihira bhI mahArAjA ke sAtha thaa| dharmopadeza ke samApana ke pazcAt rAjA apane rAjapurohita ke sAtha AcAryazrI se jJAna carcA meM nimagna ho gyaa| usI samaya eka saMdezavAhaka ne varAhamihira ke putrajanma hone kA sabako samvAda sunaayaa| mahArAjA ne saMdezavAhaka ko pAritoSika pradAna kara varAhamihira se prazna kiyA -- "purohitajI ! ApakA yaha pUtra kina-kina vidyAoM meM niSNAta, kitanI AyuSya vAlA evaM kina-kina ke dvArA sammAnita hogA? saubhAgya se aAja sakala vidyAoM ke nidhAna AcAryadeva bhI yahAM vidyamAna haiM, ataH inase bhI hameM jyotiSa vidyA kI pUrNatA kA pramANa prApta ho skegaa|" varAhamihira ne kahA :- "mahArAja ! isa bAlaka ke janmakAla, grahagocara, nakSatra, lagna Adi para vicAra karane ke anantara maiM yaha kahane kI sthiti meM haiM ki yaha bAlaka zatAyu, samasta vidyAoM meM niSNAta aura Apake dvArA evaM Apake putroM evaM pautroM dvArA bhI pUjita hogaa|" nimitta zAstra meM pAraMgata vidvAn prAcArya bhadrabAhu se bhI nRpati ne prArthanAparaka svara meM prazna kiyA :- "bhagavan ! kyA aisA hI hogA, jaisA ki purohitajI kaha rahe haiM ?" prAcArya bhadrabAhu zAnta nizcala bhAva meM maunastha rhe| rAjA dvArA punaH punaH prAgrahapUrNa prArthanA kiye jAne para 'yadyapi jaina zramaNa ke liye zAstroM meM nimitta kathana kA spaSTata: niSedha hai tathApi roga nivAraNArtha kaTu auSadha kA pilAnA bhI kabhI prAvazyaka hotA hai'- yaha vicAra kara nimittajJa prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne kahA :-- "rAjan ! vAstavikatA kucha aura hI hai, jise mujhe prakaTa nahIM karanA cAhiye / usake prakaTa karane se koI lAbha nahIM hai / phira bhI Apake atyanta prAgraha ko dekhakara maiM itanA hI kahanA cAhUMgA ki karma vipAka kA phala anivArya aura acintya hai| jo hone vAlA hai, vaha sAtaveM hI dina sabako vidita ho jaaygaa|" prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke prati varAhamihira ke antarmana meM jo vidvaSAgni varSoM se pracchanna rUpa se jala rahI thI, aura jise vaha prayatnapUrvaka aba taka dabAye hue thA, vaha bhadrabAhu kI yaha bAta sunakara sahasA bhar3aka utthii| usane prAkrozapUrNa cunautI bhare svara meM kahA :- "rAjan ! ina jaina zramaraNoM kI jyotiSa zAstra meM nAma mAtra kI bhI gati nahIM hai| yadi inheM thor3A bahuta bhI jyotiSa zAstra kA jJAna ho to spaSTa rUpa se batAyeM ki sAtaveM dina kyA vidita hone vAlA hai| maiMne samasta jyotiSa zAstroM kA avagAhana kiyA hai / merI bhaviSyavANI meM kahIM kiMcit mAtra bhI antara nahIM Ane vAlA hai / kevala merI bAta kA virodha karane ke liye inhoMne aisI aspaSTa bAta kahI hai, jisakA koI artha nahIM nikltaa| yadi inameM isa Page #462 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 404 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 viSayaka jJAna hai to sAhasa ke sAtha spaSTa rUpa se ye batAye ki merI bhaviSyavANI ke viparIta kaba-kaba kyA-kyA hone vAlA hai ?' isa para rAjA ne punaH prAcArya bhadrabAhu se prArthanA kI :-bhagavan ! ApakA jJAna sAgara ke samAna agAdha hai| Apake vacanoM kI prAmANikatA para kisI ko sandeha nahIM hai| para jyotiSa zAstra ko prAmANikatA ke sambandha meM Aja kA yaha prasaMga vastutaH eka kasauTI hai| merI bhI jijJAsA hai ki apane kathana ko thor3A spaSTa kareM ki sAtaveM dina kyA hone vAlA hai|" prAcArya bhadrabAha ne zAnta svara meM kahA- "isa prazna para merA maunastha rahanA hI ucita thA kintu Apake bAra-bAra ke prAgraha ko ThukarAnA bhI ucita nahIM samajha kara maiM yahI kahUMgA ki jyotiSa zAstra ke anusAra vAstavika bhavitavyatA yaha hai ki sAtaveM dina ke anta meM isa bAlaka kI viDAla se mRtyu ho jaaygii|" ___ yaha sunakara sabhI stabdha raha gaye / kintu varAhamihira bar3A kruddha huA aura yaha kahatA hA apane ghara kI ora cala par3A :-"mahArAja! bhadrabAha kA kathana asatya siddha hogA aura usa dazA meM AThaveM dina inako kaThora daNDa diyA jaay|" / para usakA mana sazaMkita ho uThA / usane apane ghara ke cAroM ora sainikoM kA kar3A paharA lagA diyaa| prasUtigaha meM bhI sabhI prakAra kI Avazyaka sAmagrI kA samucita prabandha kara usane apane putra kI rakSA ke liye dakSa dhAtrI ko sAta dina taka pratikSaNa satarkatA baratane aura sUtikA gRha meM hI rahane kA Adeza diyaa| usane isa bAta kA pUrA prabandha kara diyA ki koI bhI viDAla usake ghara ke AsapAsa bhI nahIM Ane paaye| antatogatvA aniSTa kI AzaMkA vAlA vaha sAtavAM dina aayaa| sabako aura bhI adhika sajaga rahane ke liye sAvadhAna kara varAhamihira svayaM atyanta satarka ho prasUtigRha ke dvAra para paharA dene lgaa| sAtaveM dina kI samApti ke antima kSaNoM meM sUtikAgRha ke sudRr3ha kapAToM kI viDAlamukhI bhArI bharakama lohamayI argalA usa nanheM se bAlaka para girI aura vaha tatkAla kAlakavalita ho gyaa| bAlaka kI mRtyu kA samAcAra tatkAla sampUrNa nagara meM phaila gyaa| narendra purohita ke ghara phuNce| unhoMne varAhamihira ko sAntvanA dene ke pazcAt bAlaka kI mRtyu kA kAraNa jAnanA caahaa| uttara meM azra dhArA bahAtI huI dhAtrI ne vaha lohamayI argalA mahArAjA ke sammukha prastuta kara dii| Agala ke mukha para banI bir3Ala ko prAkRti ko dekhakara rAjA pAzcaryAbhibhUta ho kaha uThe-"bhadrabAhu kA nimitta jJAna pUrNa, athAha aura anupama hai|" Page #463 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 405 varAhamihira ko apanI yaha parAjaya mRtyu se bhI adhika bhayaMkara anubhava huI / putrazoka aura loka meM vyApta apanI apakIrti ke saMtApa se saMtapta ho vaha apane ghara-dvAra ko chor3akara parivrAjaka bana gayA / usake mana mastiSka meM yaha vicAra gaharA ghara kara gayA ki bhadrabAhu ke kAraNa hI use saMyama kA parityAga karanA par3A, unhIM ke nimitta se usakI aneka varSoM ke athaka prayAsa se upArjita samagra pratiSThA kSaNa bhara meM hI naSTa ho gaI / varAhamihira apane jyeSTha sahodara bhadrabAhu ko apanA sabase bar3A zatru samajha kara yena kena prakAreNa unase pratizodha lene ke upAya socane lagA / ajJAna ke vazIbhUta ho usane pratizodha kI bhAvanA se aneka prakAra ke kaThora tapa kiye / mahAvratoM ke bhaMga ke mahApApa kA aura apane mithyA ahaM kA prAyazcita kiye binA hI mara kara vaha hIna Rddhi vAlA vArANa vyantara deva huA / usa vyantara ne vibhaMga jJAna se apane pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta jAnakara bhadrabAhu se apane pUrva janma ke vaira kA badalA lene kA nizcaya kiyA / para dharmakavacadhArI prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA aniSTa karane meM apane Apako asamartha pAkara usa vyantara ne unake jaina saMgha ke katipaya zramaraNoM evaM gRhastha samUha ko aneka prakAra ke kaSTopasarga denA prArambha kiyA / vyantarakRta upasargoM se saMtrasta zrAvaka saMgha ne bhadrabAhu se prArthanA kI - " bhagavan ! yaha kaisI vicitra viDambanA hai ki : : hastiskandhAdhirUDho'pi bhaSaNarbhakSyate janaH / "gajarAja kI pITha para baiThe hue logoM ko bhI kutte kATa rahe hai / " grApa jaise mahAn prAcArya ke zramaNa evaM zramaNopAsaka varga ko bhI eka sAmAnya vyantara isa kahAvata ko caritArtha kara aneka prakAra kI yAtanAeM de prapIr3ita kara rahA hai / isa para AgamajJAna aura jyotiSa zAstra meM niSNAta prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne eka camatkArI stotra kI racanA kara jainasaMgha ko sunaayaa| saMgha ne usakA pATha kiyA / usa mahAn camatkArI stotra ke prabhAva se vaha vyantarakRta upasarga sadA sarvadA ke liye zAnta ho gayA / vaha camatkArI stotra grAja bhI " uvasaggaha stotra" ke se bar3A lokapriya hai / nAma , prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne "bhadrabAhu saMhitA" nAmaka eka jyotiSa grantha kI aura "arhat cUr3AmariNa " nAmaka prAkRta grantha kI bhI racanA kii| ApakI 'bhadrabAhu saMhitA' nAma kI kRti vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai / vartamAna meM jo isa nAma kI kRti upalabdha hai, vaha kisI anya vidvAn kI kRti pratIta hotI hai / kevalI bhadrabAhu ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke sAtha unase lagabhaga 800 varSa pazcAt hue dvitIya bhadrabAhu ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko saMpRkta kara jo jIvanavRtta aneka granthoM meM diyA gayA hai, una granthoM meM se aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para chAMTa-chAMTa kara nimittajJa bhadrabAhu kA kucha paricaya prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isa sambandha meM Age aura zodha kI prAvazyakatA hai / x Page #464 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 28veM paTTadhara prAcArya vIra bhadra ke samaya ke prabhAvaka prAcArya mallavAdI sUri 26veM. yugapradhAnAcArya hArila sUri ke yuga pradhAnAcArya kAla meM mallavAdI nAmaka eka mahAna zAstrArtha kuzala vAdI aura jina zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya hue| prabhAvaka caritra kI "sI" saMjJaka eka hastalikhita prati meM RSi maNDala stotra ke eka zloka ko uddhata karate hue prAcArya mallavAdI ko nAgendra kula kA ziromaNi aura zAstrArtha nipuNa vAdiyoM meM agraNI batAyA gayA hai|' isase vidita hotA hai ki ve nAgendra kula ke prAcArya the| prAcArya mallavAdI ke guru kA nAma jinAnanda sUri thaa| prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekhAnusAra jinAnanda sUri eka bAra caityayAtrArtha bhRgukaccha gye| vahAM nanda athavA buddhAnanda nAmaka eka bauddha bhikSu rahate the| vaha apane samaya ke eka vikhyAta vAdI evaM tArkika the| udhara jinAnanda bhI sva-para samaya ke jJAtA ora ucca koTi ke vidvAn the| vaha vAda pradhAna yuga thaa| vibhinna dharmoM, matoM evaM mAnyatAoM ke vidvAnoM meM usa samaya yatra-tatra zAstrArtha hote hI rahate the| jinAnanda sUri kI cAroM ora phailatI huI khyAti ko buddhAnanda sahana nahIM kara sake / unhoMne jinAnanda sUri ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane kA nizcaya kiyA / jinAnanda aura buddhAnanda kA zAstrArtha kaI dina calA aura anta meM vitaNDAvAda ke bala para buddhAnanda nevAda meM vijaya prApta kii| isa parAbhava ke pazcAt prAcArya jinAnanda ne bhRgukaccha me ThaharanA sammAnajanaka na dekha vallabhI kI ora vihAra kiyaa| ' zrInAgendrakulakamastakamaNi. prAmANikagrAmaNI --- rAsIdapratimalla eva muvane zrImallavAdI guruH / prodyatprAtibhavaibhavodbhavamudA zrI zAradA sUnave / yasmai taM nijahastapustakamadAjaMtram trilokyA api ||Rssimnnddlaat|| (prabhAvakacaritra, pR0 76) . caMtyayAtrAsamAyAtaM, jinAnandamunIzvaram / jije vitaMDayA budayA, nandAkhyaH saugato muniH / (prabhAvakacaritra, pRSTha 77) Page #465 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 uttaravartI zrAcArya ] [ 407 vallabhI meM jinAnanda sUri kI bahina rahatI thI jisakA nAma thA vallabha devI / usake tIna putra the / bar3e kA nAma zrajitayaza, maMjhale kA nAma yaza aura sabase choTe kA arthAt tIsare putra kA nAma malla thA / ' vallabhadevI ke tInoM hI putra bar3e hI pratibhA sampanna bAlaka the| prAcArya jinAnanda sUri ne vallabhI ke vizAla janasamUha ke samakSa saMsAra ke sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM se sadA-sarvadA ke liye mukti dilAne vAle mokSa mArga para prakAza DAlate hue apane pravacanoM meM saMsAra kI anityatA, jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA evaM durlabha tathA anamola mAnava jIvana ke vAstavika karttavyoM kA digdarzana krvaayaa| prAcAryazrI ke preraNApradAyI pravacanAmRta kA pAna kara durlabhadevI aura usake tInoM putroM kA antarmana virakti ke gahare raMga meM raMga gayA / una cAroM prANiyoM ne akSaya sukha kI prApti ke liye mukti patha para calane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa apane ArAdhya prAcAryadeva ke samakSa rkhaa| mAtA aura tInoM putroM ne jayAnanda sUri se zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA graharaNa kI / prabhAvaka caritra meM prAcArya mallavAdI ke pitA aura kula kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA gayA hai / 'prabandhakoza' meM mallavAdI kA jo paricaya diyA gayA hai, usameM batAyA gayA hai ki durlabhadevI saurASTra ke zaktizAlI evaM mahAn pratApI mahArAjA zilAditya kI bahina thI aura isa prakAra prAcArya mallavAdI mahArAjA zilAditya ke bhAgineya the / zramaNadharma meM dIkSita hone ke anantara ajitayaza, yaza zraura malla ina tInoM sahodara zramaraNoM ne nyAya, nIti, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya evaM lakSaraNAdi mahAzAstroM kA pragAr3ha niSThA evaM parizrama se adhyayana kiyA aura ve tInoM hI zramaNa zAstroM ke gahana-gambhIra jJAna se sampanna udbhaTa vidvAna bana gaye / unakI vidvattA kI khyAti dUra-dUra taka phaila gaI / malla zramaraNa ne sthavira zramaraNoM se sunA ki bauddha bhikSu buddhAnanda ne unake guru jinAnanda ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara diyA thA / apane prArAdhya gurudeva kI parAjaya kA vRttAnta sunakara unake antara meM prasahya du:kha huA / apane guru kI parAjaya aura jinazAsana kA ghora apamAna unake hRdaya meM tIkSNa kAMTe kI taraha khaTakane lagA / unhoMne mana hI mana guru aura jinazAsana kI bhRgukaccha meM usa khoyI huI 1 tatra durlabhadevIti, gurorasti sahodarI / tasyAH putrAstrayaH santi jyeSTho jitayazo'bhidhaH / / dvitIyo yazanAmAbhUt, mallanAmA tRtIyakaH / saMsArAsAratAM caiSAM mAtulaH pratipAditA / / jananyA saha te sarve, buddhvA dIkSAmayAdadhuH / saMprApte hi taraNDe kaH pAthodhi na vilaMghayet // ( prabhAvakacaritra, pRSTha 78 ) 2 malla : mamullamanmallIphulla velladya zonidhiH / zuzrAva sthavirAkhyAnAt nyakkAram bauddhato guroH / ( vahI ) Page #466 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 408 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pratiSThA ko punaH prApta karane kA praNa kiyaa| malla zramaNa ne kinhIM pUrvAcArya dvArA jJAna pravAda nAmaka paJcama pUrva se nirdRr3ha (sAragrahaNa pUrvaka racita) 'nayacakra' grantha ko par3hane kA nizcaya kiyA / jinAnanda sUri aura prAryA durlabhadevI ne medhAvI navayuvaka zramaraNa malla ko samajhAyA ki paramparAgata pUrvAcAryoM ne isa pustaka ko kholane taka kA niSedha kiyA hai, ataH ise kholane tathA par3hane kA prayAsa kadApi na krnaa| kintu malla muni to bauddha bhikSa ko parAjita karane ke liye nayacakra par3hane kA nizcaya kara cuke the| ata: unhoMne nayacakra mahAgraMtha ko kholakara par3hanA prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne nayacakra graMtha ke prathama patra para AryA chanda kI nimnalikhita gAthA ko par3hA : vidhiniyamabhaMgavRttivyatiriktatvAdanarthakamavocat / jainAdanyacchAsanamanRtam bhavatIti vaidharmyam / / ve isa gAthA ke artha kA manana kara hI rahe the ki vaha usa patra sahita pustaka unake hAtha se kisI adaSTa zakti ke prabhAva se lupta ho gii| muni malla AzcaryAbhibhUta ho zokasAgara meM nimagna ho gye| "hAya ! guruvacana kI avamAnanA kA ghora duSpariNAma mujhe bhoganA par3a rahA hai"- yaha kara kara ve rudana karane lge| Akhira thI to unakI bAlyAvasthA hI na, isaliye ve phUTa-phUTa kara rone lage / unakI mAtA AryA durlabhadevI ne pAsa yA unheM rone kA kAraNa pUchA / malla muni ne 'nayacakra' graMtha ko kholane, usakI eka gAthA par3hane aura haThAt unake hAtha se Azcaryajanaka rUpa se pustaka ke tirohita ho jAne kA pUrA vRttAMta yathAvat apanI mAtA ko kaha sunaayaa| saMgha ko jaba usa alabhya grantha ke lupta hone kI Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA vidita huI to saba ko gaharA duHkha huaa| "jo vastu mere hAtha se vilupta huI hai, usakI racanA mujhe hI karanI cAhiye / " yaha vicAra kara malla muni ne zrutadevI kI ArAdhanA karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyaa| samIpastha khaNDala parvata para jA usakI eka guphA meM ve tapazcaraNa meM lIna ho gye| do-do dina taka nirAhAra rahakara ve SaSTama bhakta tapa kI tapArAdhanA karane lge| pratyeka SaSTama tapa ke pAraNaka ke dina ve nitAMta rUkSa bhojana aura vaha bhI, alpa mAtrA meM grahaNa karate / ve cAra mAsa taka nirantara isI prakAra ghora tapazcaraNa karate rhe| cAturmAsika pAraNaka ke dina mAM durlabhadevI aura caturvidha saMgha kI atIva prAgrahapUrNa prArthanA para unhoMne zramaNoM dvArA lAye hue sarasa snigdha bhojana ko nirIha bhAva se grahaNa kiyaa| tadanantara ve punaH usI prakAra tapazcaraNa meM lIna ho gaye / 6 mAsa taka nirantara isI prakAra kaThora tapazcaraNa karate rahane ke pariNAmasvarUpa unake antarha rada meM vAda aura graMthapraNayana kI adbhuta divya zakti prakaTa huii| tadanantara malla muni ne eka ati vizAla navIna 'nayacakra' graMtharatna kI racanA kii| Page #467 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 406 sabhI vidvAnoM ne usa graMtharatna ko parama upAdeya batAte hue malla muni kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| guru ne harSavibhora ho unheM sUri pada pradAna kiyA aura isa prakAra ve alpa vayaska sAdhu hote hue bhI malla muni se malla sUri bana gaye / isa prakAra tapasyA ke prabhAva se alaukika zakti saMcita kara mallasUri ne bhRgukaccha kI ora apratihata vihAra kiyaa| bhRgukaccha pahuMca kara mallasUri ne rAjasabhA meM bauddha bhikSu buddhAnanda ke sAtha zAstrArtha prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne 6 mAsa taka svayaM dvArA praNIta 'nayacakra' nAmaka graMtharatna meM nihita ati nigUr3ha tattvoM, nayoM evaM akATya yUktiyoM ke AdhAra para baddhAnanda ke sAtha zAstrArtha kiyA / anta meM baddhAnanda parAjita huaa| rAjA ne prAcArya malla ko vijayI ghoSita kiyA aura unheM 'vAdI' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kara sammAnita kiyaa| usI dina se mallasUri mallavAdI ke nAma se prakhyAta hae / isa prakAra malla vAdI ne bhRgukaccha meM jaina saMgha ko usakI khoI huI pratiSThA punaH pradAna kii| jina zAsana kI bar3I prabhAvanA huI aura bhRgukaccha meM puna: jaina saMgha kA varcasva sthApita ho gyaa| bhRgukaccha kA saMgha tatkAla vallabhI kI ora prasthita huA / jayAnandasUri kI sevA meM pahuMca saMgha ne unheM bhRgukaccha kI bhUmi ko apane pAvana padArpaNa se pavitra karane kI prArthanA kii| saMgha kI prArthanA svIkAra kara jayAnandasUri apane zramaNazramaNI samUha ke sAtha bhRgukaccha pdhaare| guru-ziSya kA madhura-milana huaa| jinAnanda sUri ne durlabhadevI kI ora kRtajJatApUrNa dRSTi se dekhate hue gambhIra svara meM kahA"bahina ! vastutaH tumane putravatiyoM kI zreNI meM prathama sthAna prApta kara liyA hai|" jinAnandasUri pahale hI apane ziSya malla ko sUri pada pradAna kara cuke the| aba unhoMne apane saMgha kA samasta kAryabhAra apane suyogya ziSya mallavAdI ko sauMpa kara svayaM pUrNataH Atmahita sAdhanA meM saMlagna ho gye| mallavAdI sUri ne 'nayacakra' aura padmacarita (rAmAyaNa) ina do vizAla graMtharatnoM kI racanA kI / ' ina do graMtharatnoM ke praNayana ke sAtha hI sAtha mallavAdI ne A0 siddhasena praNIta sanmatitarka kI TIkA bhI likhii| unhoMne apane aneka kuzAgrabuddhi ziSyoM ko dvAdazAracakra tulya bAraha adhyAya vAle nayacakra mahAgraMtha kA adhyayana karA unheM anekAMta darzana, nyAya aura tarkazAstra kA pAraMgata vidvAn bnaayaa| zAstrArtha pradhAna usa yuga meM ucca koTi ke nyAya graMtha kA nirmANa kara svayaM mallavAdI ne ajeya saugata prativAdI buddhAnanda ko parAjita kara aura apane aneka ziSyoM ko 1 zrIpadmacaritaM nAga rAmAyaNa mudAharat / caturvizatiretasya sahasrA graMthamAnataH / / 7 / / (prabhAvakacaritra, pRSTha 76) Page #468 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 410 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 rap ariwarva Riyadevanayametermins tarka zAstra ke gahare adhyayana se ajeya vAdI banAkara jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kI / syAdvAda, nyAya aura tarkazAstra para gaharA prakAza DAlane vAlA mallavAdI kA vaha mahAn grantha 'nayacakra' Aja mUla rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai kintu isa para siMhagaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA praNIta TIkA upalabdha hai| prAcArya mallavAdI sUri ke donoM bar3e bhAI bhI bar3e vidvAn the| muni ajitayaza ne "pramANa" grantha kI aura unake anuja tathA mallavAdI ke agrajanmA muni yaza ne "aSTAMga nimitta bodhinI saMhitA" kI racanA kI / mallavAdI ke bar3e bhAI ajitayaza aura yaza-ina donoM muniyoM dvArA racita uparokta donoM grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| prAcArya mallavAdI ke sattAkAla ke sambandha meM yadyapi prabhAvaka caritra meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai tathApi aneka aise tathya jaina vAGamaya meM upalabdha haiM, jinase unakA sattAkAla vIra nirvANa kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha siddha hotA hai| mallavAdI sUri dvArA racita 'nayacakra' para siMhagariga kSamAzramaNa (apara nAma-siMhasUri) ne TIkA kI racanA kI thii| vaha TIkA Aja bhI upalabdha hai| siMha gaNi kSamAzramaNa 'vasudeva hiMDI' ke racanAkAra saMghadAsagariNa, 'dhammilla hiMDI' ke racanAkAra dharmasenagariNa aura paJcakalpa bhASya ke saMyukta racanAkAra saMghadAsagariNa aura dharmasenagaNi ke uttarAdhikArI pratIta hote haiN| saMghadAsagaNi aura dharmasenagaNi kA sattAkAla vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI hai| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki siMhagaNi vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM vidyamAna the| siMhagariNa ne mallavAdI ke nayacakra grantha para TIkA kI racanA kI, isase yaha to nirvivAda siddha hai ki mallavAdI siMhagaNi se pUrvavartI AcArya the aura isa para yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki mallavAdI kA sattAkAla vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ho sakatA hai| dUsarA pramANa yaha hai ki haribhadra sUri (yAkinI mahattarAsUnuH) ne apanI racanA "anekAMta jaya patAkA" meM mallavAdI kRta "sanmati tarka kI TIkA" ke aneka avataraNa diye haiN| isase bhI yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcArya mallavAdI vastutaH yAkinI mahattarAsUnuH haribhadra ke pUrvavartI granthakAra aura prAcArya the| yAkinI mahattAsUnuH haribhadra kA samaya vi. saM. 757 se 827 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 1227 se 1267 ke bIca kA rhaa| vi. saM. 785 (vIra ni. saM. 1255) meM haribhadrasari kI vidyamAnatA ko sUcita karane vAlI eka prAcIna gAthA upalabdha hotI hai| ina tathyoM se yaha spaSTa rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki haribhadra sUri se aura siMhagaNi se pUrvavartI AcArya hone ke kAraNa AcArya mallavAdI vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke prAcArya the| ' dekhie, prastuta grantha meM hI hArilasUri kA jIvana vRtta / (sampAdaka) Page #469 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI AcArya ] [ 411 prabandhakoza meM ullikhita katipaya aitihAsika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para prAcArya mallavAdosari kA samaya vikrama saM0 573 tadanusAra vIra nirvANa saM0 1043 ke AsapAsa kA pramANita hotA hai| 'prabandhakoza' meM jo aitihAsika tathya ullikhita haiM, unase isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki vi. saM. 573 meM prAcArya mallavAdIsUri vidyamAna the| prabandhakozakAra ratnazekharasUri ne AcArya mallavAdI ke viSaya meM prabhAvaka caritrakAra se kucha bhinna vivaraNa diyA hai / unhoMne AcArya mallavAdI ko vallabhI ke mahArAjA zilAditya kA bhAgineya batAte hue likhA hai ki vallabhI para adhikAra karane ke pazcAt zilAditya ne apanI bahina kA vivAha bhRgukaccha ke rAjA ke sAtha kiyaa| samaya para zilAditya kI bahina ne eka mahAn tejasvI putraratna ko janma diyaa| usa putra kA nAma "malla" rakhA gyaa| prabandhakozakAra ke anusAra zilAditya prArambha meM jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usane zatrujaya parvata para caitya kA uddhAra kiyA aura vaha apane Apako mahArAja zreNika jaise jinazAsana prabhAvaka zrAvakoM kI zreriNa meM samajhatA thaa| usa samaya ballabhI kA jainasaMgha eka zaktizAlI aura sugaThita saMgha thaa| unhIM dinoM eka mahAn tArkika evaM vAdakuzala bauddha prAcArya mahArAjA zilAditya kI rAjasabhA meM upasthita huA aura usane jaina vidvAnoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane kI abhilASA prakaTa kii| usa bauddhavAdI ne zAstrArtha ke viSaya meM yaha zarta rakhI ki jo pakSa zAstrArtha meM parAjita ho jAyagA vaha pakSa vallabhI rAjya ko chor3a kara calA jAyagA / donoM pakSoM dvArA isa zarta ko svIkAra kiye jAne ke anantara donoM pakSoM . ke bIca zAstrArtha prArambha haa| zAstrArtha aneka dinoM taka calA aura anta meM bauddha tArkika vijayI ghoSita kiyA gayA aura devasaMyoga se zvetAmbaroM ko parAjaya kA mukha dekhanA pdd'aa| pUrvanirdhArita zarta ke anusAra zvetAmbaroM ko vallabhI rAjya ke bAhara jAnA par3A / zilAditya bhI bauddha dharma anuyAyI bana gyaa| vallabhI rAjya meM jo jaina tIrtha the una para bauddhoM ne adhikAra kara liyA aura isa prakAra vallabhI rAjya meM bauddhoM kA varcasva sthApita ho gyaa| ___unhIM dinoM bhRgukaccha ke rAjA kI mRtyu ho gyii| isa kAraNa zilAditya kI bhaginI ko sAMsArika kAryakalApoM se virakti ho gaI aura usane pravartinI jaina sAdhvImukhyA ke pAsa zramaNI dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha apane praSTa varSIya putra malla ko bhI janAcArya ke pAsa zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa karavA dii| - 1 nijAM 'svasAraM' sa dadau, bhRgukSetramahI bhuje / prasUta sA sutaM divyatejasaM divyalakSaNam // 21 // (prabandhakoza, pRSTha 22) Page #470 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 412 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 tAkika bauddha bhikSa ke vAda kauzala tathA zilAditya ke bauddha dharmAnuyAyI bana jAne se bauddha saMgha kI abhivRddhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina saMgha kSINa hone lgaa| eka dina usa projasvI aura vicArazIla bAlaka muni malla ne apanI mAtA sAdhvI se pUchA- "mAtara ! apanA saMgha itanA kSINa kyoM hai ? aura pUrvApekSayA uttarottara kSINa se kSINatara kyoM hotA calA jA rahA hai ? isakA kAraNa kyA hai ?" __ apane putra bAlaka muni kA prazna sunakara sAdhvI mAtA kI AMkhoM meM AMsU chalaka uThe / usane kahA--"mune ! hamArA saMgha pahale grAma-grAma aura nagara-nagara meM phailA huA thaa| pUrva meM mahAn jina--- zAsana prabhAvaka prAcAryoM ke pratApa se hamArA saMgha bar3A hI zaktizAlI thaa| durbhAgya se aba usa prakAra ke prabhAvaka AcAryoM kA prabhAva ho gayA hai / eka bauddha tArkika ne zvetAmbara AcArya ko vAda meM vitaNDAvAda pUrvaka parAjita kara diyA aura isa kAraNa jaina sAdhu vallabhI rAjya ko chor3akara anyatra cale gaye haiN| tumhArA mAmA zilAditya bauddhadharmAvalambI bana gayA hai aura yahA~ jaina saMgha ke na rahane ke kAraNa Aja sabhI jaina tIrthoM para bauddhoM ne apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara liyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki hamArA jaina saMgha dina pratidina kSINa hotA calA jA rahA hai|" yaha sunakara bAlaka muni malla ke hRdaya ko gaharA AghAta pahuMcA / muni malla ne tatkSaNa ucca svara meM pratijJApUrvaka kahA--- "yadi ina bauddhoM ko yahAM se maiM mUlataH ukhAr3a kara nahIM phaiMka dUM to mujhe muni hatyA kA pApa lge|" __ isa prakAra kI kaThora pratijJA karane ke pazcAt bAlaka muni malla apanI mAtA kI anumati lekara eka parvata kI guphA meM cale gaye aura vahAM ve ghora tapazcaraNa karane lge| lambI tapasyA ke pazcAt ve usa parvata kI talahaTI meM base pAsa hI ke kisI. grAma meM bhikSATana karate aura vahA~ se rUkhA-sUkhA AhAra lAkara cha?, aSTama Adi aneka prakAra kI duSkara tapasyA kA pAraNa krte| isa prakAra ghora tapazcaraNa karate hue muni malla ko lagabhaga eka varSa vyatIta ho gyaa| nirantara cintana, ekAgra dhyAna aura kaThora tapazcaraNa ke prabhAva se unakI prajJA jAgRta huii| unake antara meM jJAna kI divya jyoti prakaTa huI aura ve sarasvatI ke parama kRpApAtra bana gye| tapasyA ke prabhAva se zAsanadevI una para prasanna huI aura usane unheM ajeya vAdI hone kA varadAna diyaa| tarkazAstra para gahana cintana-manana kara unhoMne 'nayacakra' nAmaka grantharAja kI racanA kii| unameM amita prAtmazakti aura asIma kSamatA kA abhyudaya huaa| unheM dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki unakA 'nayacakra' zAstrArtha meM bar3e se bar3e pratipakSiyoM para vijaya prApta karAne meM divya astra ke samAna hai| jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA hetu muni malla vallabhI kI ora prasthita hue / vallabhI kI rAjyasabhA meM zilAditya ke samakSa upasthita ho unhoMne kahA- "maiM ApakA bhAnajA mallavAdI haM aura Page #471 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 413 ApakI sabhA meM bauddhoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane ke lie pratimalla ke rUpa meM upasthita huA huuN|' donoM pakSoM meM se jo bhI pakSa zAstrArtha meM parAjita ho jAyagA use vallabhI rAjya kI sImA se niSkASita kara diyA jAyagA, isa zarta ko donoM pakSoM dvArA svIkAra kara liye jAne para zAstrArtha prArambha huaa| kizora muni malla dvArA prastuta kiye gaye akATya tarkoM ke samakSa vaha labdha pratiSTha bauddha tAkika hataprabha ho gayA / dina bhara zAstrArtha claa| sAMdhyavelA sannikaTa dekhakara zilAditya ne zAstrArtha ko dUsare dina ke liye sthagita kara sabhA visarjita kii| dUsare dina yathA samaya zAstrArtha prArambha huaa| bauddhAnanda ne apanA pUrva pakSa prastuta karate hue kahA :--- "prAtmA kSaNika hai, kSaNa vidhvaMsI hai, vaha zAzvata nahIM, ajara amara nahIM / kyoMki saMsAra meM jitanI bhI vastueM dikhatI haiM, ve saba vinAzazIla haiM, kSaNa vidhvaMsI haiM, una sabakA vinAza pratyakSa dRSTigocara hotA hai, pratyeka vastu meM parivartana spaSTataH parilakSita hai / jaba saMsAra kI saba vastueM vinAzazIla haiM, kSaraNa vidhvaMsI haiM, saMsAra kI koI bhI vastu zAzvata nahIM, amara nahIM to isase yahI pramANita hotA hai ki AtmA bhI kSaNavidhvaMsI hai| saMsAra meM jaba ki koI vastu zAzvata nahIM to AtmA saMsAra ke kSaraNa vidhvaMsI vinAzazIla svabhAva ke viparIta zAzvata athavA ajara amara kaise ho sakatI hai|" kizora muni malla ne uttara dete hae kahA :-"mahArAja! kala jisa bauddhAnanda nAmaka vAdI ne rAjyasabhA meM zAstrArtha prArambha kiyA thA, usI bauddhAnanda vAdI ko yahAM upasthita kiyA jAya / maiM usI bauddhAnanda ko Apake samakSa vAda meM parAjita karanA cAhatA huuN| kala vAle bauddhAnanda ke sthAna para Aye hue ina naye chadma nAmaghArI bauddhAnanda se kahA jAya ki vaha kala vAle bauddhAnanda ko zIghrAtizIghra rAjya sabhA meM upasthita kre| rAjan ! isake sAtha hI merA yaha bhI nivedana hai ki una kala bAle bauddhAnanda ke yahAM upasthita ho jAne para Aja yahAM vAda ke lie upasthita ' bauddhamuMdhA jagajjaggha, pratimallo'hamutthitaH / apramAdI mallavAdI, tvadIyo bhaginIsutaH / / 46 / / 2 zilAdityanRpopAnte bauddhAcAryeNa vAgminA / vAdivRndArakazcakre tarkabarka ramulvaraNam / / 47|| (siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha, vizvabhAratI, zAntiniketana se prakAzita prabandhakoSaka 23) Page #472 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 414 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 mere ina pUjya bauddhAnanda ko rAjyasabhA ke sabhyoM kI vaMcanA karane ke aparAdha meM daMDita bhI kiyA jAya / " bauddhAnanda ne kahA :-"mahArAja ! ApakA varSoM kA jAnA pahicAnA bauddhAnanda maiM hI to huuN|" tatkSaNa muni malla ne kahA :--"mahArAja ! maiM inase yahI kahalavAnA cAhatA thaa| jo kArya mujhe karanA cAhiye thA, vaha inhoMne svayaM kara diyA hai| bauddhAnanda ne abhI apanA pUrva pakSa rakhate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA thA ki 'prAtmA kSaNa vidhvaMsI hai| isa dRSyamAna jagata meM zAzvata nAma kI koI vastu nhiiN|' isake anusAra to kala jo bauddhAnanda mere sAtha zAstrArtha kara rahe the kSaraNa vidhvaMsI hone se ve kala hI dhvaMsa ho gaye / ata: isa samaya jo bola rahe haiM ve kala vAle bauddhAnanda nahIM, apitu koI anya haiN| . aba ye bharI sabhA meM jo yaha kaha rahe haiM ki ye hI haiM ve kala vAle bauddhAnanda / to aisI dazA meM inake ina do paraspara virodhI vaktavyoM meM se kauna sA vaktavya saca hai aura kaunasA jhUTha / yadi inake isa dUsare kathana ko satya mAna liyA jAya ki ye ve hI kala vAle bauddhAnanda haiM to inake dvArA rakhA gayA inakA yaha pUrvapakSa ki "prAtmA bhI kSaNa vidhvaMsI hai" svata: hI khaNDita ho jAtA hai / ___ anAtmavAdaparaka pUrvapakSa inake svayaM ke dharmazAstroM se bhI asatya siddha hotA hai / buddhapraNIta inake AgamoM meM eka pAkhyAna isa prakAra kA hai :-- "eka zAnta, dAnta, sarvabhUtAnukampI ativRddha zAkya bhikSa apane ziSya vanda ke sAtha eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna kI ora vihAra kara rahe the| vicaraNa karate hue ve sthavira jisa samaya eka vana meM pahaMce, usa samaya unake nagna pAMva meM eka tIkSNa kaMTaka dhaMsa gayA / zUla ke kAraNa sthavira ko pIr3A hone lgii| eka catura ziSya ne bar3e manoyogapUrvaka usa kAMTe ko nikAlA aura isa prakAra una mahAsthavira kI pIr3A zAnta huI / ve punaH padayAtrA karane lge| eka medhAvI ziSya ne una mahAsthavira se prazna kiyA-"bhagavan ! Apa tathAgata pragIta siddhAntoM kA trikaraNa evaM triyoga se akSaraza: pAlana karate haiN| samasta bhUtasaMgha ko prAtmavat samajhate hue sadA prANimAtra ke sAtha ananya prAtmIya ke samAna vyavahAra karate haiN| pUjyapAda! Apa jaise zAnta-dAnta-niSpApa vizvabandhu mahAn santa ke paira meM yaha kAMTA kisa kAraNa cubha gyaa| hama saba ko bar3A Azcarya ho rahA hai ? akAraNa karuNAkara ! Apa kRpAkara hama saba ziSyoM kI isa jijJAsA ko zAnta kiijiye|" una sthavira zAkyAcArya ne apane ziSyoM kI jijJAsA kA zamana karate hue kahA :--- Page #473 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 415 itaH ekanavatiH kalpe, zaktyA me puruSo hataH / tena karmavipAkena, pAde viddho'smi bhikSavaH / / he bhikSutroM ! Aja se 160 kalpa pUrva mere dvArA prakSipta eka zakti ke prahAra se eka puruSa mara gayA thaa| kramaza: patale par3ate gaye usa duSkarma ke pariNAma svarUpa Aja merA paira kAMTe se biMdha gayA hai|" to bauddhAnanda ke dharmazAstroM meM ullikhita yaha kathAnaka spaSTa batA rahA hai ki eka prAtmA ne 160 kalpa pUrva jo pApakarma kiyA usakA phala 160 kalpa pazcAt usI AtmA ko bhoganA pdd'aa| isa taraha prAtmA kA anavacchinna astitva isa kathAnaka se siddha hotA hai| isa AkhyAna ke atirikta bauddha dharma ke pravartaka tathAgata buddha tathA any| buddhoM ke aneka pUrva janmoM ke caritra bauddha dharma ke AgamagranthoM meM yatra-tatra upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM spaSTa ullekha hai ki sudIrgha atIta meM bodhisatva (buddha kA jIva) kabUtara thA, amuka buddha ke jIva bodhisatva ne atIva prAcInakAla meM amuka-amuka prakAra kI sAdhanA kii| bauddha AgamoM meM ullikhita ina saba pAkhyAnoM se na kevala AtmA kA astitva hI siddha hotA hai kintu yaha bhI satya prakaTa hotA hai ki prAtmA vastuta: ajara-amara hai, zAzvata avinAzI tatva hai na ki kSaNavidhvaMsI / " apane vaktavya kA niSkarSa ke rUpa meM upasaMhAra karate hue muni malla ne kahA--"isa prakAra maiM hI kala vAlA bauddhAnanda hUM, isa kathana se bhI aura tathAgata buddha dvArA praNIta bauddha prAgamoM se bhI prAtmA kSaNavidhvaMsI hai, yaha pakSa svataH nirasta ho jAtA hai|" sAMdhya velA ho jAne se zAstrArtha agale dina ke lie sthagita ho gyaa| idhara vallabhI ke rAjapathoM para ekatrita jana samUha muni malla ke vAdakauzala kI sarAhanA dera rAta taka karate rahe aura udhara bauddhAcArya bauddhAnanda apane bauddhavihAra meM rAta bhara bar3e-bar3e vAda graMthoM ko dekhane meM vyasta rahe / samaya para tIsare dina zAstrArtha prArambha huA jo cauthe-pAMcaveM aura isa prakAra pUre 6 mAsa taka calatA rahA / antatogatvA cha: mAsa pUrNa hone para dUsare dina zAstrArtha kA nirNaya sunAne va vijayapatra pradAna kiye jAne kI ghoSaNA kI gii| dUsare dina muni malla rAjyasabhA meM upasthita hue| para prAcArya bauddhAnanda anupasthita the| muni malla vijayI ghoSita kiye gye| jaba vijaya-patra dene kA Page #474 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 avasara AyA to eka sabhya ne kahA ki vijaya-patra prAcArya bauddhAnanda kI upasthiti meM diyA jAya / isa para mahArAja zilAditya ne bauddhAcArya ko sasammAna rAjyasabhA meM lAne hetu rAjapuruSoM ko evaM kucha vidvAnoM ko bauddha-maTha meM bhejaa| para bauddha saMghA rAma baMda milaa| punaH punaH Agraha karane para bhI saMghArAma ke dvAra jaba nahIM khole gaye to rAjapuruSa lauTa Aye evaM isase mahArAja zilAditya ko avagata karA diyaa| yaha jAnakara zilAditya kucha kSaNa ke liye vicAra magna ho gye| unheM vicAra magna dekha muni malla ne kahA-"rAjan ! vastusthiti to yaha hai ki ve bauddhAcArya apanI parAjaya ke zoka ko sahana nahIM kara sake haiM aura zokAtireka vazAt unakA dehAMta ho gayA hai|" yaha sunakara mahArAja zilAditya rAjavaidya evaM anya uccAdhikAriyoM ke sAtha bauddha saMghArAma gaye / mahArAja zilAditya ke pahuMcate hI bauddha bhikSuoM ne saMghArAma ke kapATa khola diye / zilAditya ne bauddhAcArya ke kakSa meM praveza kara dekhA ki AcArya bauddhAnanda niSprAraNa paDe hue haiN| eka vRhadAkAra grantha unake dakSiNa-pArzva meM khulA par3A hai aura unake sirahAne ko ora tathA donoM pAvoM meM granthoM kA ambAra lagA hai| mahArAja zilAditya ne rAjavaidya ko unheM dekhane kA Adeza diyaa| rAjavaidya ne unakA nirIkSaNa va parIkSaNa kara nivedana kiyA- "mahArAja! atyadhika cintA evaM zoka ke kAraNa ye apanI ihalIlA samApta kara cuke haiN|" mahArAja zilAditya ' mallavAdini jalpAke, nayacakrabalolvaNe / hRdaye hArayAmAsa SaNmAsAMte sa zAkyarAT / / 48 / / SaNmAsAMtanizAyAM sa, khaM nizAMtamupeyivAn / tarkapustakamAkRSya, kozAtkicidavAcayat / / 46 / / cintAcakrahate citte, nAstiAndhatu mIzvaraH / bauddhaH sa cintayAmAsa, prAtastejovadho mama / / 5 / / zvetAmbarasphuliMgasya kiMcidanyadaho mahAH / nirvAsayiSyate 'mI, hA! bauddhA sAmrAjyazAlinaH / / 51 / / iti duHkhaughasaMghaTTAdvidadre tasya hRtkSaNAt / nRpAhvAnaM samAyAtaM, prAtastasya drutam drutam / / 53 / / nodghATayanti tacchiSyA, gRhadvAraM . varAkakAH / mando gurunAdyabhUpasabhAmeteti bhASiNaH // 54 / / tadgatvA tatra taruktaM, zrutvA tanmalla ullasan / pravocacca zilAdityaM mRto'sau zAkyarAT zucA / / 5 / / : Page #475 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI AcArya ] [ 417 rAjyasabhA meM lauTa gaye / unhoMne vijayI mallavAdI mahAmuni ko apanA guru banAyA aura bauddha bhikSutroM ko zAstrArtha kI zarta kI anupUrti meM vallabhI rAjya se nirvAsita karane kA Adeza diyaa| usI samaya mahArAja zilAditya ne vallabhI rAjya meM jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke yatheSTha vihAra kI chUTa dete hue apane zramAtyoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve anya rAjyoM meM vicaraNa karane vAle jaina sAdhutroM se vallabhI rAjya meM vicaraNa karane ke liye prArthanA kareM / zatrunjaya tIrtha bhI puna: jaina saMgha ke adhikAra meM de diyA gayA / " jaina sAdhu isa taraha mahAn prabhAvaka mahAvAdI mallamuni ke prayatnoM se punaH sAdhvIgaraNa vallabhI rAjya meM yatheccha sarvatra vicaraNa kara dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane lage / prAcArya mallavAdI ke prAcAryakAla meM jainadharma kI ullekhanIya pragati huI / vallabhI rAjya meM luptaprAya jainasaMgha ko unhoMne punarjIvita kiyaa| isa dharma prabhAvanA kA pUrA zreya mallavAdI ko hI prApta huA kyoMki unhIM ke apratima vAda kauzala, tapasyA evaM tyAga se vallabhI rAjya meM jainasaMgha ko apanA khoyA huA sthAna prApta karane ke sAtha hI sAtha apanI pratiSThA ko punaH pratiSThApita karane kA suavasara prApta huA / kAlanirNAyaka aitihAsika pramAraNa s 3er AcArya mallavAdI vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke eka mahAn prabhAvaka zrAcArya the, etadviSayaka aitihAsika pramAraNa jaina vAMgmaya meM upalabdha hotA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : : mahArAjA zilAditya ke rAjyakAla meM vallabhI nagarI meM kAkU nAmaka eka baizya rahatA thA / apane prArambhika jIvana meM vaha bar3A hI dIna, hIna evaM nirdhana thA ataH janasAdhAraNa meM vaha raMka nAma se prasiddha ho gayA / saMyogavazAt kAlAntara meM vaha aparimita dhana-sampatti kA svAmI bana gayA aura vaha vallabhI rAjya kA sabase 1 svayaM gatvA zilAdityastaM tathAsthamalokata / bauddhAnnAvAsaha dezAddhika pratiSThAcyutaM naram // 56 // Za mallavAdinamAcArya, kRtvA vAgIzvaram gurum / videzebhyo jainamunIn sarvAnAjUhavannRpaH // 57 // zatruJjaye jinAdhIzaM bhavapaJjarabhaJjanam / kRtvA zvetAmbarAyattaM yAtrA~ prAvartayannRpaH || 58 || ( prabandhakoza, pRSTha 23) Page #476 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 418 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - - bhAga 3 bar3A zrImanta samajhA jAne lagA / para thA vaha atyanta kRparaNa / na to vaha acchA khAtA thA, na acchA pahanatA hI thA / yahI kAraNa thA ki sarvAdhika sampattizAlI ho jAne para bhI loga use usake pUrva ke raMka nAma se hI pukArate the / usa raMka zraSThi kI ikalautI putrI kI maitrI zilAditya kI rAjaputrI se ho gaI / ve paraspara eka dUsarI ke yahAM prAtI jAtIM aura hAsya vinoda karatI rahatIM / rAjaputrI ne eka dina raMkaputrI ke pAsa eka anUThI kaMghI dekhii| kaMdhI svarNanirmita, ratnajaTita tathA itanI adhika sundara thI ki vaha rAjakumArI ke citta para car3ha gaI / rAjaputrI ne kaputrI kI usa kaMghI kI bhUri-bhUri sarAhanA karate hue kahA- "sakhi ! yaha kaMghI mujhe bahuta acchI lagI hai / yaha kaMghI mujhe de do / " raMkaputrI ne uttara diyA - " yaha kaMghI mujhe adhika priya hai, ise to maiM nahIM duuNgii|" rAjakumArI ne macalate hue kahA - "nahIM, maiM to yahI kaMghI luuNgii| jisa kalAkAra ne ise banAyA hai, usase tuma aura banavA lenA / " "yaha kaMghI to maiM nahIM duuNgii| Apa rAjaputrI haiM, mahArAja ko kaha kara prApa isase bhI acchI banavA sakatI haiM, vallabhI rAjya meM eka se eka uccakoTi ke kalAkAra isake banAne vAle haiM / " raMkaputrI ne uttara diyA / rAjakumArI ne AdezAtmaka svara meM kahA - "dekho sakhi ! aba bhI samaya hai / isI samaya yadi yaha kaMghI tuma mujhe detI ho to maiM tumheM isake badale muMhamAMgA mUlya dene ko samudyata huuN| para yadi tuma apane haTha para ar3I rahI to mujhe bhI haThAgraha karanA pdd'egaa| maiMne yadi haTha kara liyA to tumheM isa kaMghI se to hAtha dhonA hI par3egA, badale meM tumheM eka phUTI kor3I bhI prApta nahIM hogI / " raMkaputrI ne kahA--"yadi bAr3a hI kheta ko khAne lagegI to deza caupaTa ho jAyagA / maiMne prApake sAtha maitrI kI, yaha merI apane jIvana kI sabase bar3I bhUla thI / nIti meM kahA gayA hai : nadInAM zastrapAraNInAM, nakhInAM zR giraNAM tathA / vizvAso naiva karttavyo strISu rAjakuleSu ca / / maiMne isa nItivAkya kI avahelanA kara bar3I bhArI bhUla kii| maiM apanI isa bhUla kA daNDa bhogane ke liye saharSa samudyata huuN| Apa bhI suna lIjie - "yaha kaMghI merI apanI hai, isa para merA nyAyasaMgata svAmitva hai / yaha kaMghI maiM svecchA se kisI ko nahIM dUMgI | cAhe isakA kucha bhI pariNAma mujhe kyoM na bhugatanA par3e / " Page #477 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 416 ___ "yaha to samaya hI batAyegA ki kisakA haTha saphala siddha hotA hai|" yaha kahatI huI rAjakumArI kuddha hokara apane rAjaprAsAda kI ora lauTa gii| rAjaputrI ne apanI mAtA ke pAsa jAkara raMkaputrI ke pAsa dekhI gaI kaMghI ko yena kena prakAreNa maMgavAne kA haTha kiyaa| mAtA ne bahuta samajhAyA, kahA"beTI ! tujhe maiM dUsarI kaMghI banavA dUMgI, eka nahIM sau, usa kaMghI se bhI utkRSTa koTi kii| dUsare kI vastu para hAtha DAlanA hamAre rAjadharma ke viparIta hai| vaha kaMghI usa zreSThiputrI kI hai| vaha apanI vastu kisI ko de athavA nahIM de, yaha usI kI icchA para nirbhara karatA hai / isa prakAra kA anyAyapUrNa haTha eka rAjaputrI ko zobhA nahIM detaa|" para rAjaputrI ne apanA haTha nahIM chor3A aura vaha haThAt apanI mAtA ke samakSa yaha pratijJA kara baiThI-vaha kI vaha kaMghI jaba taka mere hAtha meM nahIM A jAegI, maiM anna-jala grahaNa nahIM kruuNgii|" bAta mahArAjA zilAditya ke pAsa phuNcii| zilAditya ne bhI anta:pura meM pahaMca kara apanI putrI ko samajhAne meM kisI prakAra kI korakasara nahIM rkhii| vyApAriyoM ko bulavA kara bahumUlya hIroM aura mariNayoM se jaTita sone kI kaMghiyoM kA Dhera rAjaputrI ke samakSa lagavA diyaa| para rAjakumArI apane haTha se Tasa se masa taka nahIM huI aura bolI-- "maiM to usI kaMghI ko lekara anna-jala grahaNa karUgI, anyathA nirjala aura nirAhAra rahakara prAraNoM kA parityAga kara duuNgii|" putrI ke haTha ke prAge zilAditya kA pitRhRdaya pighala gyaa| usane pradhAnAmAtya ko prAdeza diyA ki vaha raMkoSThi se usake muMhamAMge mUlya para vaha kaMghI prApta kre| pradhAnAmAtya ne raMka SThi ke pAsa jAkara kaMghI prApta karane ke sabhI prakAra ke prayAsa kiye kintu raMkazreSThi kI putrI ke haTha ke samakSa usake sabhI prayAsa viphala rahe, zAma, dAma, aura bheda ina sabhI prakAra ke upAyoM ke niSphala hone para pradhAnAmAtya ne zilAditya kI mauna sammati se daNDa kA sambala grahaNa kiyA aura bala prayoga se vaha kaMghI prApta kara rAjakumArI ko de dI gii| rAjakumArI ne to kaMghI prApta hote hI apane haTha kI pUrti ho jAne ke kAraNa anna-jala grahaNa kara liyA kintu raMkaveSThi aura usakI putrI ke hRdaya para isa anyAyapUrNa ghaTanA se gaharA AghAta pahuMcA / apane arthabala para raMkaveSThi ne rAjA dvArA kiye gaye isa atyAcAra kA pratizodha lene kI tthaanii| Page #478 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 420 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vallabhI bhaMga eka ghora aMdherI rAta meM vaha vallabhI se pracchannarUpeNa niklaa| vaha bar3I tIvra gati se calate-calate zakoM ke rAjya meM phuNcaa| zakarAz2a ke samakSa upasthita ho raMkazreSThi ne aneka anamola ratna zakarAja ko bheMTa kiye| vipula svarNarAzi kA pralobhana de raMkaveSThi ne zakarAja ko vallabhI para AkramaNa karane ke liye rAjI kiyaa| svarNa ke lobha meM Akara zakarAja ne apane sainyabala ke sAtha vallabhI kI ora prayANa kiyaa| nikaTa bhaviSya meM hI vallabhI nagarI para ghora saMkaTa Ane vAlA hai, isa AsannasaMkaTa kA jJAnabala se AbhAsa hote hI mallavAdI ne apane zramaNa saMgha ke sAtha vallabhI se vihAra kara anya rAjyoM meM vicaraNa prArambha kara diyaa| vallabhI pahuMca kara eka dina acAnaka zakarAja ne nagarI para bhayaGkara AkramaNa kara diyaa| idhara raMka SThi ne mahArAjA zilAditya ke anucaroM ko svarNa dekara apane svAmI ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta karane ke liye protsAhita kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa zilAditya ekAkI hI zakoM ke sainya se ghira gayA aura raNakSetra meM zakoM dvArA mAra diyA gyaa| zilAditya ke mAre jAne para vallabhI kI senA ke paira ukhar3a gaye / zakoM ne vallabhI ko jI bhara kara laTA aura bhISaNa narasaMhAra ke sAtha-sAtha vallabhI ko eka prakAra se naSTa-bhraSTa kara diyaa| vallabhI bhaMga kA jo citraNa prabandhakoza meM kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai :-- vaMcayitvA kArpaTika, raMka: so'bhUnmahAdhana: / tatputryA rAjaputryAzca, sakhyamAsItparasparam // 61 / / haimI kaMkatikAmekAM, divyaratnavibhUSitAm / raMkaputrIkare dRSTvA , yAcate sma na pAtmajA // 62 / / tAM na datte punaH raMko, rAjA taM yAcate balAt / tenaiva matsareNAsau mleccha sainyamupAnayat // 63 / / bhagnAyurvallabhI tena, saMjAtamasamaMjasam / zilAdityaH kSayaM nIto, vANijA sphItaRddhinA // 34 / / unhIM dinoM vallabhI kI ora bar3hate hue haraNarAja toramANa ke sAtha ina zakoM kA yuddha huA / hUNoM dvArA usa zakarAja aura usakI senA kA sambhavataH pUrNarUpeNa saMhAra kara DAlA gyaa| isa tathya kA saMketa prabandhakoza ke nimnalikhita zloka se milatA hai : Page #479 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1006 se uttaravartI zrAcArya ] tatosthAkRSya vaNijA, prakSiptAzca raNe zakAH / tRSNayA te svayaM manurhatA vyAdhirmahAnayam // 65 // AcArya mallavAdI kisa zatAbdI ke prAcArya the, unakA bauddha AcArya bauddhAnanda ke sAtha kisa samaya zAstrArtha huA aura vallabhI kA bhaMga kisa samvat meM huA, ina saba aitihAsika tathyoM ko andhere se prakAza meM lAne vAlA eka zloka prabandhakoza meM vidyamAna hai, jo isa prakAra hai :-- vikramAdityabhUpAlAtpaMcarSitrika vatsare / jAto'yaM vallabhIbhaMgo, jJAninaH prathamaM yayuH / / 66 / / [ 421 arthAt - vikrama saMvat 573 meM vallabhI kA yaha patana athavA bhaMga huA / apane jJAna bala se jJAniyoM ko isa ghaTanA kA pUrvAbhAsa ho gayA aura ve vallabhI ke isa patana se pUrva hI vallabhI chor3akara anyatra cale gaye ! vastuta: yaha tathya vibhinna aitihAsika tathyoM se paripuSTa hai / vallabhI bhaMga kI yaha ghaTanA vikrama saM. 573 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 1043 kI hai / yugapraghAnAcArya paTTAvalI ke anusAra rahaveM yugapradhAnAcArya hArila kA yugapradhAnAcArya kAla vIra ni. saM. 1000 se 1055 taka mAnA gayA hai / 'kuvalayamAlA' ke uddharaNoM ke sAtha yaha bhI pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki prAcArya hArila ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla ke pUrvArddha meM hUNarAja toramANa bhAratavarSa kI uttarI sImA meM kAphI andara taka ke bhU-bhAga para apanA prAdhipatya sthApita kara cukA thA aura candrabhAgA nadI ke taTavartI parvatakA nAma ke nagara ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAkara zAsana saMcAlana kara rahA thA / parvatikA nagarI meM toramANa ne prAcArya hArila ko apanA guru banAyA / kuvalayamAlA ke isa ullekha se yaha to siddha ho jAtA hai ki toramANa AcArya hArila kA samakAlIna mahatvAkAMkSI videzI prAkrAntA thA aura usane vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya dazaka ke samApta hote-hote bhArata kI uttarI sImA ke adhikAMza bhUbhAga para apanA adhipatya jamA liyA thA / isake pazcAt bhArata vijaya kI apanI mahatvAkAMkSA kI pUrti ke liye vaha Age bar3hA aura kaccha vijaya ke pazcAt usakI muThabher3a zakoM se vikrama saM. 573 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1043 meM huI aura usa yuddha meM hUraNarAja toramANa ne zakarAja aura usakI senA ko harA kara vallabhI ke rAjya para apanA prabhutva sthApita kara liyA / bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa ke paryAlocana se bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki itihAsajJoM ke grabhimatAnusAra gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, kaccha, rAjasthAna aura ujjayinI para bhI hUNarAja toramANa ne vIra nirvANa kI 11 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke prArambha hone saM pUrva hI apanA prabhutva sthApita kara liyA thA / Page #480 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 422 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 ina saba aitihAsika ullekhoM se nimnalikhita aitihAsika tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM : (1) vi0 saM0 570 ( vIra ni0 saM0 1040) ke Asa-pAsa kisI samaya meM vallabhIpati mahArAja zilAditya kI rAjasabhA meM mallavAdI ne bauddhAcArya bauddhAnanda ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA / (2) vi0 saM0 583 meM raMka zreSThi ne chadma rUpa se zaka prAkrAntAoM ko lAkara zilAditya kA anta evaM vallabhI kA patana karavAyA / apane . jJAnabala se mallavAdI ko vallabhI kA patana kA pUrvAbhAsa ho jAne ke kAraNa unhoMne apane ziSyoM ke sAtha vallabhI chor3akara paMcAsarapurI kI ora vihAra kara diyA / " ( 3 ) stambhanaka tIrtha meM unake guru aura samasta saMgha ne mallavAdI ko vallabhI ke patana ke pazcAt prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA / prabandha koSa meM prAcArya mallavAdI ko nAgendragaccha kA AcArya batAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra yugapradhAnAcArya hArila ke vIra ni0 saM0 1000 se 1055 taka taka ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM prAcArya mallavAdI vikrama kI chaThI tadanusAra vIra nirvAraNa kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya mAne gaye haiM / inakA AcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 1041 ke pazcAt kitane samaya taka rahA, isakA koI prAmANika ullekha upalabdha jainavAMgmaya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / etacca prathamaM jJAtvA, mallavAdI mahAmuniH / sahita: parivAreNa, paMcAsarapurImagAt ||68 / / nAgendragacchasatkeSu dharmasthAneSvabhUt prabhuH / zrI stambhana tIrthe'pi, saMghasnasyezatAmadhAt // 66 // ( prabandhakoSa, pRSTha 23 ) ( vahI ) Page #481 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 28veM paTTadhara vIrabhadra tathA 26veM yugapradhAnAcArya hArila sUri ke samakAlIna pramukha granthakAra mallavAdI :- jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai prA. vIrabhadra paura hArilasUri ke samaya meM unake samasAmayika mahAn tAkika prAcArya mallavAdI hue / prA0 mallavAdI ne nayacakra nAmaka dArzanika grantha kI racanA kii| unhoMne sanmatitarka nAmaka grantha kI TIkA kI racanA bhI kI thI kintu vartamAna meM vaha TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai| candraSi mahattara :- inhoMne paMca saMgraha (saTIka) nAmaka karmagrantha ke prakaraNa kI racanA kI / isase adhika inake bAre se koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| inake mAtA, pitA, guru, nagara Adi kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka :-kathA-sAhitya kI prAcInatama kRti 'vasudevahiMDI' ke racanAkAra saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka aura dharmasenagariNa kA nAma kathAsAhitya ke nirmAtAoM meM sarvaprathama liyA jAtA hai| isa grantha meM zrI kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ke bhramaNa kA bar3I hI prabhAvakArI rucikara zailI meM vistRta vRtAnta diyA gayA hai| vasudeva ke bhramaNa (hiNDana) kA vRtAnta diye jAne ke kAraNa isa grantha kA nAma "vasudeva-hiNDI" rakhA gayA hai| isake do khaNDa haiN| gyAraha hajAra zloka pramANa 26 lambhakAtmaka prathama khaNDa ke kartA saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka haiN| dvitIya khaNDa ke racanAkAra dharmasenagariNa ne satraha hajAra zloka pramANa 71 lambhakoM meM isa grantha ke dUsare khaNDa ko pUrNa kiyA hai| jinadAsagariNa mahattara ne prAvazyaka cUNi meM vasudeva hiNDI kA ullekha kiyA hai / nandisUtra-Ni kI prazasti ke ullekhAnusAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne zaka saM. 568 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 1203 meM nandicariNa kI racanA sampUrNa kii| 30veM yugapradhAnAcArya jinabhadragariNa kSamAzramaNa ne apanI racanA vizeSaNavatI meM vasudeva hiNDI kA ullekha kiyA hai / jinabhadragaNi kA samaya duSpamA samaNasaMghathayaM ke anusAra vIra ni. saM. 1055 se 1115 taka (60 varSa) kA mAnA gayA hai| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai Page #482 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 424 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - - bhAga 3 ki vasudeva hiNDI ke racanAkAra saMghadAsagariNa aura dharmasenagari 26 veM yugapradhAnAcArya hArilasUri ke samakAlIna AcArya the / vasudeva hiMDI na kevala kathA sAhitya kI dRSTi se apitu dhArmika, aitihAsika, rAjanaitika, vyAvasAyika, sAmAjika, naitika, sAMskRtika Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se bar3A upayogI grantha hai / kathAoM ke mAdhyama se isameM sthAna-sthAna para dharma aura nIti kA bar3A hI hRdayasparzI varNana kiyA gayA hai / harivaMza, ikSvAkuvaMza ke pramukha mahApuruSoM ke jIvanavRtta ke sAtha-sAtha isa grantha meM aneka antarkathAeM bhI dI gaI haiM, jo bar3I hI rocaka haiM | vedoM kI utpatti aura videzoM ke sAtha bhArata ke vyApAra kA bhI isameM varNana kiyA gayA hai / pramukha rUpeNa isa gadyAtmaka grantha meM sabhI citraNa bar3e sajIva, sahaja-svAbhAvika, sammohaka evaM sabhI rasoM se zrota-prota haiM / ghaTanAoM ke citraNa to aise lomaharSaka haiM ki unako par3hate samaya romAvali bArambAra anajAne meM hI aMcita ho uThatI hai / vasudeva hiNDI ko par3hane se pAThaka para spaSTa rUpa se yaha chApa aMkita hotI hai ki vastuta: saMghadAsa aura dharmasena donoM gariNavara vajralekhanI ke dhanI the aura ve sabhI viSayoM ke pAradRzvA prakANDa paNDita the / " saha nau vIryaM karavAvahe " ' - isa prApta vacana kI akSarazaH pAlanA karate hue ina donoM garigayoM ne saMyuktarUpeNa paMcakalpabhASya kI racanA kI / bhAvya yuga vartamAna meM upalabdha bhASyoM ke paryAlocana ke pazcAt saMghadAsa kSamAzramaraNa aura dharmasena gaNi ko bhASyayuga kA pravartaka kahA jA sakatA hai / Agametara jaina vAMgmaya evaM jaina dharma ke itihAsa ke gaveSaNAtmaka adhyayana se eka aura tathya prakAza meM AyA hai ki antima eka pUrvadhara AcArya devagiriNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa kAla vIra ni. saM. 1000 taka catuvidha jainasaMgha meM kevala Agamika vidhi-vidhAna hI sarvopari aura sarvamAnya rhe| yahI sthiti kucha nyUnAdhika parimANa meM yugapradhAnAcArya hArila ke prArambhika yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM bhI rahI / kintu prAcArya hArila ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla ke lagabhaga do dazaka vyatIta hone ke anantara usa sthiti meM parivartana honA prArambha huA / zrAvakAcAra aura Page #483 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya / [ 425 zramaNAcAra meM zanaiH-zanai: zaithilya ghara karane lgaa| zramaNoM ke bahasaMkhyaka varga meM uttarottara adhikAdhika vyApaka hote jA rahe zaithilya kI puSTi hetu AgamoM kI vizad vyAkhyA ke nAma para navya nUtana Agamika vyAkhyA granthoM kA bhASya Adi ke rUpa meM praNayana prArambha kiyA gyaa| una Agamika granthoM meM apavAda mArga ke nAma para zaithilya ke pratIka aise-aise naye-naye vidhi-vidhAnoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA, jinakA mUla AgamoM meM kahIM koI ullekha kI bAta to dUra, saMketa taka nahIM thaa| hArila sUri ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla kA antima caraNa vastutaH caityavAsiyoM ke utkarSa kA samaya thaa| caityavAsiyoM ne janamana ko AkarSita karane ke liye adhyAtmapradhAna jainadharma ke mUla svarUpa meM dharma ke nAma para bAhyADambarapUrNa karmakANDoM, naye-naye AkarSaka vidhi-vidhAnoM ko pradhAnatA dekara jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko hI badala diyaa| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki caityavAsiyoM ne jaina dharma ke mUla AdhyAtmika svarUpa ko vikRta kara diyA to atizayokti nahIM hogii| apane zithilAcAra ko samayocita siddha karane evaM apanI akarmaNyatA ko lokadRSTi se chupAne ke abhiprAya se caityavAsiyoM dvArA AviSkRta naye-naye ADambarapUrNa vidhividhAnoM ne na kevala janamata ko hI apanI ora AkarSita kiyA apitu prAgamAnusArI kaThora mUla zramaNAcAra kI paripAlanA se qatarAne vAle zramaNa-zramaNIvarga ko bhI paryApta rUpa meM prabhAvita kiyaa| isakA duSpariNAma yaha huA ki kaThora zramaNAcAra kI paripAlanA meM kriyAbhIru sAdhAraNa varga ke adhikAMza zramaNoM evaM zramaNiyoM ne apanA zeSa jIvana sukhapUrvaka bitAne ke liye usa samaya uttarottara lokapriya banate jA rahe caityavAsa kA Azraya liyaa| jo zramaNa projasvI, medhAvI, vidvAna evaM vAgmI the, unhoMne caityavAsiyoM ke uttarottara bar3hate hue prabhAva se apanI-apanI AcArya paramparA kI rakSA ke liye, caityavAsiyoM kI ora umar3e hae janamAnasa ko apanI paramparA meM hI sthira evaM niSThAvAna banAye rakhane ke liye caityavAsiyoM dvArA AviSkRta AkarSaka vidhividhAnoM ko thor3A navIna rUpa dekara apanA liyaa| caityavAsiyoM ke katipaya kAryakalApoM evaM ADambarapUrNa vidhi-vidhAnoM ko paryApta nikhare rUpa meM apanAkara una vidvAn vAgmI zramaNoM evaM prAcAryoM ne bhI Agamika vyAkhyAparaka bhASyoM Adi kA nirmANa kiyaa| isa prakAra ke bhASyoM ke abhinava nirmANa ke pariNAmasvarUpa una vidvAn zramaNoM kI paramparAeM, caityavAsiyoM ke uttarottara bar3hate hue prabhAva ke uparAnta bhI katipaya pIr3hiyoM taka vibhinna ikAiyoM ke rUpa meM nyUnAdhika prabhAvazIla bhI.rahIM aura isa prakAra unhoMne yena kena prakAreNa apanA astitva banAye rkhaa| jahAM taka AgamoM ke prati gahana, gambhIra evaM pAribhASika viSaya ko samajhane tathA hRdayaMgama karane kA prazna hai, niyukti, cUNi, bhASya aura TIkA sAhitya bar3A hI Page #484 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 426 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 upayogI siddha hanA hai| yaha to eka nirvivAda tathya hai| kintu isameM mUla AgamoM se bhinna aneka mAnyatAoM ko kaI sthaloM para samAviSTa kara liyA gayA, jinake kAraNa jaina dharma kA mUla svarUpa hI parivartita huA dRSTigocara hotA hai / isa prakAra hArila sUri ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla ke uttarArddha meM mUla AgamoM ke sthAna para jisa bhASya-niyukti-cUNi yuga kA prAdurbhAva huA, usakA prabhAva uttarottara bar3hatA hI gyaa| AgamoM meM pratipAdita mUla vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sarvopari sarvamAnya sthAna ko niyuktiyoM, cUrNiyoM athavA bhASyoM ne le liyA aura isake pariNAmasvarUpa dharma ke mUla svarUpa meM hI bahuta bar3A parivartana A gyaa| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI AgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa ke pakSapAtI zramaraNoM kA varga cAhe kSINa rUpa meM hI sahI para astitva meM avazya rahA / bhASya-niyukti-Ni-vRtti Adi kI prAdhAnyatA ke jisa yuga kA prArambha sarva prathama prAcArya hArila ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla ke uttarArddha meM huA, usa yuga kA varcasva uttarottara uttaravartI kAla meM bar3hatA hI gayA / antatogatvA lagabhaga vIra nirvANa kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhakAla meM hI zramaNAcAra, zrAvakAcAra, evaM sabhI prakAra ke dhArmika kAryakalApoM se sambandhita sabhI vivAdAspada viSayoM ke nirNaya ke lie prAgamoM ke sthAna para bhASyoM, vRttiyoM tathA cUNiyoM ko jainasaMgha kA bahuta bar3A bhAga dhArmika saMvidhAna ke rUpa meM mAnane lgaa| yaha sthiti zatAbdiyoM taka jainasaMgha meM bahujanasammata rahI / mUla AgamoM kI bhAvanA ke pratikUla navanirmita bhASya Adi pAgama sAhitya meM samAviSTa kiye jAte rahe anekAneka prAvadhAnoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa zramaNAcAra meM vyApaka zaithilya ke prasAra ke sAtha-sAtha dharma ke prAgamika mUla svarUpa meM bhI adhikAMzataH parivartana lAne kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| itanA saba kucha hote hae bhI AgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pakSadhara bhavabhIrU AtmArthI zramaNoM ne alpasaMkhyaka raha jAne para bhI dharma ko ADambarapUrNa bhautika paridhAna pahanAne ke lakSya se navanirmita sabhI mUlAgamapratipanthI prAvadhAnoM evaM zithilAcAra kA bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha DaTakara virodha kiyaa| Agama pratipAdita vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pakSapAtI una sAhasI zramaraNottamoM dvArA usa prakAra kI saMkrAmaka sthiti ke viruddha prakaTa kiye gaye virodha ke prasaMga Aja bhI jaina vAMgmaya meM yatratatra dRSTigo para hote haiM / usa prakAra ke virodhoM kA yahAM ullekha karanA prAsaMgika evaM Avazyaka hai, ata: unameM se katipaya pramukha virodhoM kA ullekha yahAM kiyA jA rahA hai : 1. pahalA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa ullekha kharatara gaccha vRhad gurvAvali kA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : Page #485 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 427 "tato mukhya sUrAcAryeNoktam - "ye vasatau vasanti munayaste SaDdarzanabAhyAH prAyeNa / SaDdarzanAnIha kSapaNakajaTiprabhRtIni"-ityarthanirNayAya nUtanavAdasthalapustikA vAcAnArtha gRhItA kre| tasmin prastAve-bhAvini bhUtavadupacAraH -- iti nyAyAt zrIjinezvarasUriNA bhariNatam -- "zrI durlabha mahArAja ! yuSmAkaM loke ki pUrvapuruSavihitA nItiH pravartate athavA Adhunika puruSadarzitA nUtanA nIti: ?" tato rAjJA bhaNitam-"asmAkaM deze pUrvajavariNatA rAjanItiH pravartate naanyaa|" tato jinezvarasUribhiruktam- "mahArAja. ! asmAkaM mate'pi yadgaNadhara zcaturdazapUrvadhara zca yo darzito mArgaH sa eva pramANIkartuM yujyate naanyH|". "tato rAjJoktam-"yuktameva / " tato jinezvarasUribhiruktam - "mahArAja vayaM dUradezAdAgatAH, pUrvapuruSaviracita sva siddhAntapustakavRndaM nAnItam / eteSAM maThebhyo mahArAja ! yUyamAnayata pUrvapuruSaviracitasiddhAntapustakagaNDalakaM yena mArgAmArganizcayaM kurmH|" tato rAjJA svapuruSAH preSitA:-zIghra siddhAnta pustakagaNDalakamAnayataH / zIghramAnItama / pAnItamAtrameva choTitam / tatra devaguruprasAdAt dazavakAlikaM caturdazapUrvadharaviracitaM nirgatam / tasmin prathamameveyaM gAthA nirgatA :-- annadraM pagaDaM leNaM, bhaijja sayaNAsaNaM / uccArabhUmisaMpannaM, itthIpasuvivajjiyaM / / evaM vidhAyAM vasatI vasanti sAdhavo na devagRhe / rAjJA bhAvitaM "yuktamuktam / " sarve'dhikAriNo vidanti niruttarIbhUtA asmAkaM guravaH / ........ jisa samaya zithilAcAra kI poSaka evaM dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko nitAnta vikRta kara dene vAlI caityavAsI paramparA kA bhArata meM cAroM ora bolabAlA thA, aura jisa samaya vizuddha AgamAnusArI zramaNAcAra evaM zrAvakAcAra ke prati niSThA ' (ka) kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvali (siMdhI jaina zAstra vidyApITha, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI) pR0 3-4 (kha) prastuta grantha ke pRSTha 62 va 63 bhI dekheM / Page #486 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 428 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 rakhane vAlA sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikAvarga uttarottara kSINa hote-hote nitAnta nagaNya saMkhyA meM avaziSTa raha gayA thA, usa samaya vi. saM. 1080 meM mahArAja durlabharAja kI rAjyasabhA meM jinezvarasUri ne Agametara sAhitya ko jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke lie amAnya ghoSita karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA ki sarvajJa sarvadarzI vItarAga tIrthaMkara prabhu kI vANI ko gaNadharoM ne AgamoM ke rUpa meM grathita kiyA hai aura una AgamoM se caturdaza pUrvadharoM ne ziSyoM athavA bhavyajanoM ke hita ke liye sAra rUpa meM artha niryUDha kara jina AgamoM kA praNayana kiyA hai, kevala ve zrAgama hI jainadharmAva - lambiyoM ke lie prAmANika rUpa se mAnya haiM / AgamoM ke atirikta anya grantha sarvathA prAmANika nahIM / 2. (caityavAsiyoM ke cahuMmukhI bar3hate hue prabhAva ke kAraNa jisa samaya yatratatra jinagRhoM-jinamandiroM ke nirmANa kA sarvavyApI pracAra-prasAra bar3hane lagA, usa samaya bhI usake virodha meM AgamoM ko sarvopari prAmANika mAnane vAle AtmArthiyoM ne spaSTa evaM Thosa zabdoM meM apanA abhimata jainasaMgha ke samakSa rakhA :--- gaDDari-pavAha jo, para nayaraM dIsae bahujaNehiM / jiraNahi kAravAI, suttaviruddha asuddha ya // 6 // so hoi davvadhammo, apahArago neva nivvuI jaraNai / suddha dhammo bIo, mahizro paDisoyagAmIhiM // 7 / / par3hama guragaThANe je jIvA, ciTThati tesi so par3hamo / hoi iha davvadhammo, avisuddho bIyanAyeNaM // 10 // virai guNaThANAsu, je ya ThiyA tesi bhAvapro bIoo / te juyA te jIvA, huti sabIyA asuddha / / 11 / / ' arthAt - Aja jo bheDacAla ke samAna pratyeka nagara meM bahuta se logoM dvArA jinagRhoM (jinamandiroM) ke nirmANa karavAne Adi kA kArya kiyA jA rahA hai, vaha sUtraviruddha evaM zuddha hai / vastutaH vaha to kevala apradhAna dravyadharma hai, jo nirvRtti kA janaka arthAt mokSadAyaka nahIM hai / zuddha dharma to vastutaH isase bhinna dUsarA hI hai, jo pratizrotagAmiyoM arthAt bhautika- pra - pravAha ke pratikUla prAdhyAtmika patha para agrasara hone vAle mahApuruSoM- tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prazaMsita - pUjita athavA prAcarita hai / prathama guNasthAna ( mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna) meM jo jIva saMsthita haiM, unake liye yaha prathama dravyadharma hai, jo bIja nyAya - bhUla nyAya athavA bodhi (samyakta va ) bIja ke abhAva kI dRSTi se vizuddha hai / jo jIda avirata ( cauthe) guNasthAna Adi meM sthita haiM, unake 1 1 (ka) dekhiye sandoha dohAvalI / ( kha ) prastuta grantha kA pRSTha 17 bhI dekheM / Page #487 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 426 lie vastutaH bhAvadharma nAmaka vaha dUsarA dharma hI zuddha dharma hai, jo ki pratizrotagAmI tIrthaMkaroM dvArA sevita hai| kyoMki usase yukta jIva sabIja-bodhibIja-samyaktva sahita hote haiM, ataH vaha dUsarA bhAvadharma-AdhyAtmika dharma hI vastutaH zuddha dharma haiprazasta dharma hai| caityavAsiyoM ke utkarSakAla meM dharma ke nAma para bar3hate hue bAhyADambara, cAroM ora prasRta hotI huI dravyapUjA, aura lokapriya banate jA rahe dravyadharma ke viruddha ina paMktiyoM meM prabala virodha prakaTa karate hue mUla vizuddha jaina dharma kA, tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prAcarita vizuddha zramaraNAcAra aura zramaNopAsaka paramparA ke vAstavika svarUpa kA kaisA nitarAM atIva sahaja-sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| yahAM bhautikatA evaM prADambara ke lie koI kiMcitmAtra bhI sthAna nahIM, saba kucha AdhyAtmika hI AdhyAtmika hai| AgamoM meM jaina dharma ke jisa cirantana zAzvata satya svarUpa kA bhavya citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usI ke anurUpa ina paMktiyoM meM sArarUpa meM digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| prAcArya hArilasUri ke yugapradhAnAcAryakAla ke uttarArddha meM jyoM-jyoM caityavAsiyoM kA pracAra, prasAra, prabhAva aura prAbalya bar3hatA gayA aura unake dvArA dharma ke nAma para gar3he gaye bAhyADambarapUrNa nitya navIna vidhi-vidhAna-tIrthayAtrA, jinamandira nirmANa, jinamandiroM meM mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA, dhUmadhAma evaM ADambarapUrNa ThATabATa ke sAtha balinevaidyanivedana, pUjana, arcana, prabhAvanA, udyApana prAdi lokapriya hote gaye tyoM-tyoM janasaMgha ke anyAnya vibhinna gaNa, gaccha evaM AmnAya bhI una AkarSaka vAhyADambaroM ko apanI-apanI kalpanA zakti ke anurUpa bhASya, vRtti Adi ke nirmANa ke mAdhyama se nayA rUpa dekara apanAne lge| isa prakAra una prADambarapUrNa AyojanoM ko adhikAdhika AkarSaka banAne kI prAyaH samasta janasaMgha meM hor3a-sI laga gii| isa saba kA pariNAma yaha huA ki dharma kA vAstavika purAtana svarUpa dhUmila ho gayA, nUtana mAnyatAoM evaM paramparAtroM ke pravala pravAha meM dharma kA mUla svarUpa, dharma kI prAdhyAtmaparaka mUla mAnyatAe~ tirohita sI pratIta hone lagIM / AdhyAtmikatA ke sthAna para prabhAvanA, pratiSThA aura tIrthayAtrA meM hI dharma kI itizrI raha gii| usa prakAra ke saMkrAMtikAla meM dharma ke prAgamAnusArI mUla kI dhArA paryAptarUpeNa kSINa to avazya haI kintu apanI maMthara gati se pravAhita hotI rahI, isake pramANa prAcIna jaina vAMgmaya meM upalabdha hote haiN| ____ bhASya-cUNi-vRtti sAhitya ke uttarottara adhikAdhika lokapriya ho jAne ke uparAMta bhI dharma ke mUla prAdhyAtmika svarUpa ke prati AsthAvAn evaM vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNavarga dvArA zithilAcAra kA, bhASya-cUriNa-vRtti Page #488 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 430 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 Adi sAhitya kA evaM unake mAdhyama se pracalita kI gaI bAhyADambarapUrNa mAnyatAoM kA virodha zatAbdiyoM taka kiyA jAtA rahA, isake pramANa khojane para uttarakAlIna sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha ho jAte haiN| kharataragacchIya prAcArya jinapatisUri, jinakA ki prAcAryakAla vi0 saM0 1223 se 1277 taka kA mAnA gayA hai, eka samaya vizAla saMgha ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA karane ke liye prasthita hue| aneka sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karatA huA saMgha jaba Age kI ora bar3ha rahA thA, usa samaya eka sthAna para pUrNimA gaccha ke AcArya zrI prakalaMkadevasUri usa saMgha meM prAcArya jinapatisUri se milane ke lie upasthita hue| vArtAlApa ke prasaMga meM unhoMne jinapatisUri se prazna kiyA : . "bhavatvidameva, paraM saMghena saha yAtrA kvApi siddhAMte sAdhUnAM vidheyatayA bhariNatAsti, yadevaM yUyaM prasthitA ?"............ prAcAryamizrA! vatinA satA saMghena saha tIrthayAtrAyAM na gantavyamityAdIni niSedha vAkyAni siddhAMte ki vA vayaM darzayAmaH, kiM vA yUyaM vidhAyakAkSarANi drshyth|" _ vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI meM, gujarAta meM tIrthayAtrA kA virodha karane vAle, tIrthayAtrA ko prazAstrIya siddha karane vAle kevala pUrNimA gaccha ke prAcArya prakalaMkadevasUri hI akele nahIM the, vastutaH tIrthayAtrA ko prazAstrIya mAnane vAle loga gujarAta meM usa samaya paryApta saMkhyA meM the, isa bAta kA saMketa jinapatisUri ke nimnalikhita uttara se milatA hai| jinapatipUri ne akalaMkasUri ke prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA thA .. ."tathA saMghena gAr3hataraM vayamayathitA, yaduta prabho aneka cArvAka lokasaMkulAyAM gurjaratrAyAM tIrthAni santi, tAni ca jyotkartuM calitAnasmAn dRSTvA kazciccArvAkastIrtha-yAtrAniSedhAya pramANayiSyati, tadA siddhAMtarahasyAparijJAnAdvaMdezikatvAccAsmAbhirna kimapyuttaraM dAtuM zakyate, ataH mA jinazAsane lAdhavamaditi yUyaM yathAtathAsmAbhiH saha tIrthavandanArthamAgacchata ityAdi saMghAbhyarthanayA vayamAgatAH .......... "" apane virodhiyoM ke liye prAyaH cArvAka zabda kA prayoga sAdhAraNatayA kara diyA jAtA rahA hai| isase yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI meM bhI jaina dharma ke prAgama pratipAdita prAdhyAtmaparaka mUla vizuddha svarUpa ke prati prAsthA rakhane vAle prAcArya, zramaNa evaM zramaraNopAsaka paryApta saMkhyA meM vidyamAna the| ' kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvalI, pRSTha 35 Page #489 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 431 isI prakAra vIra ni0 kI gyAravIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI meM jinamandira nirmANa evaM mUrtipUjA kA prabala pravAha caityadAsiyoM ke prabala prayAsoM se janamAnasa meM cAroM ora pravAhita huA, usa samaya bhI jinamandira nirmANa ko sAvadha kArya mAnane vAle, dravyapUjA ko niHzreyaskarI-muktipradAyinI nahIM mAnane vAle tathA pratizrotagAmI tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prAdhyAtmaparaka-bhAvapUjA ko hI mokSapradAyI mAnane vAle mahAzramaNoM kI vidyamAnatA ke pramANa mahAnizItha meM Aja bhI upalabdha haiM, jina para pichale prakaraNa meM prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| una uddharaNoM se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargavAsa ke anantara caityavAsiyoM kI uttarottara bar3hatI huI sarvasva saMhArakAriNI bAr3ha se apanI-apanI paramparA kI, apane-apane garaNa gaccha prAmnAya athavA sampradAya kI rakSA hetu jaina dharma ke vizuddha mUla svarUpa evaM prAgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaraNAcara tathA zrAvakAcAra meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlI zramaraNaparamparA kI vibhinna ikAiyoM ne bhI caityavAsiyoM dvArA pracalita kI gaI aura kAlAMtara meM atyadhika lokapriyatA prApta kI huI aneka nUtana mAnyatAoM ko apanA liyaa| una mAnyatAoM kA AgamoM meM to kahIM ullekha taka nahIM thaa| ataH una nUtana mAnyatAoM ko prAmANikatA kA paridhAna pahanAne ke nirgar3ha prAMtarika uddezya se abhinava bhASyoM, vRttiyoM, TIkAoM Adi kI racanA kA kArya antima pUrvadhara devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaraNa ke svargArohaNa ke lagabhaga arddhazatI pazcAt aneka vidvAn AcAryoM evaM zramaNoM ne apane hAtha meM liyaa| yaha ullekhanIya evaM vicAraNIya hai ki Aja jitane bhI bhASya upalabdha hote haiM, ve saba ke saba prArya devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke uttaravartI kAla kI kRtiyAM haiM / isI prakAra cUNiyAM, avacUrNiyAM evaM vizeSa cUNiyAM bhI devaddhigaNi se uttaravartI kAla kI racanAe~ haiN| yaha to eka nirvivAda tathya hai ki prAgamoM ke pAribhASika aura gambhIra artha ko samajhane meM prAgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya niyukti, cUriNa, pravacUNi, vizeSa cariNa, bhASya, TIkA, vivaraNa, vatti, vivRtti dIpikA, paJjikA, TavvA, vanikA, bhASA TIkA Adi grantha bar3e hI upayogI haiM kintu inameM se aneka granthoM meM sthAna-sthAna para aneka aisI abhinava mAnyatAoM ko samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai, jinakA mUla AgamoM meM koI sthAna nahIM, koI ullekha taka nhiiN| una navIna mAnyatAmoM ko prAgamoM ke vyAkhyA sAhitya meM sthAna dene kA duSpariNAma yaha huA ki zithilAcAra ko protsAhana milane ke sAtha-sAtha adhyAtmamUlaka jaina dharma ke mUla vizuddha svarUpa meM aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyAM utpanna huI aura kAlAMtara meM ve vikRtiyAM dharma ke abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM jaina saMgha meM rUr3ha ho gaIM, ghara kara gii| isI durbhAgyapUrNa sthiti se khinna ho navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ko pAgama aSTottarI nAmaka apanI racanA meM kahanA par3A : Page #490 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 432 ) . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 devaDi khamAsamaNa jA, paramparaM bhAvapro viyANemi / siDhilAyare ThaviyA, davveNa paramparA bahuhA / ' niyukti, cUNi, bhASya prAdi prAgama-vyAkhyA-granthoM ke mAdhyama se zithilAcAra ke sAtha panapI huI aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyAM kAlAMtara meM lokapriya evaM bahujanasammata bhI bana gaI para una vikRtiyoM kA vizuddha zramaraNAcAra kA pAlana evaM Agama meM pratipAdita dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa para zraddhA evaM niSThA rakhane vAle zramaNottamoM ne samaya-samaya para virodha prakaTa kiyA, jisakA ki vivaraNa upari'lakhita uddharaNoM meM vistArapUrvaka diyA jA cukA hai| ' prastuta grantha kI pRSTha saMkhyA 11 tathA 56 bhI dekheM / / Page #491 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hArilasUri se pUrvavartI granthakAra : prAcArya samantabhadra digambara paramparA meM samantabhadra nAmaka eka mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka prAcIna AcArya hue haiN| ve apane samaya ke mUrdhanya koTi ke vidvAn, aparAjeya, tArkika, apratima kavi aura mahAn granthakAra the| Apake sattAkAla ke sambandha meM itihAsavidoM meM bar3A matabheda hai| yazasvI kozakAra jinendravarNI ne inheM IzA kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA vidvAn prAcArya mAnA hai|' svargIya paM0 jugalakizora mukhtyAra ne prAcArya samantabhadra ko vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kA digambara AcArya siddha kiyA hai| jaina grantha aura granthakAra nAmaka eka itihAsa viSayaka pustaka meM zrI phatehacanda belAnI, nyAya, vyAkaraNa tIrtha, nyAyaratna ne prAcArya samantabhadra ko vikrama kI 7vIM zatAbdI kA granthakAra anumAnita kiyA hai| tripuTI muni zrI darzana vijayajI, munizrI jJAna vijayajI aura munizrI nyAya vijayajI ne apane itihAsa grantha 'jaina paramparA no itihAsa' meM vanavAsI paramparA ke pravartaka zvetAmbara prAcArya sAmantabhadra aura digambara AcArya samantabhadra donoM ko vIra nirvANa kI 7vIM zatAbdI kA eka hI yazasvI prAcArya batAte hue likhA hai ki prAcArya samantabhadra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke samAna rUpa se mAnya prAcArya the| unhoMne zvetAmbara aura digambara-isa bheda ko miTAkara donoM hI paramparAoM ko eka karane ke liye pUrA prayAsa kiyA / / ___"jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 2" meM bhI isa prakAra kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI gaI hai ki sambhavataH digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke samantabhadra aura sAmantabhadra koI pRthak do prAcArya na hokara eka hI prAcArya hoM / zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA sammata ina prAcArya ke sAmantabhadra nAma ko dekhate hue yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki kSatriya kulotpanna kisI rAjAdhirAja ke adhInastha sAmanta rAjA ke putra hoN| digambara paramparA meM bhI inheM kSatriya kulotpanna rAjakumAra batAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta samantabhadra kA sattAkAla donoM hI paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM ne vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI IzA kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa aura - - ' jainendra siddhAntakoSa, bhAga 1, pRSTha 336 2 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, pR0 667 3 jaina grantha aura granthakAra, phatecanda belAnI, pR0 5 4 jaina paramparA no itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 345 5 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, pR0 633 Page #492 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 434 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA antima caraNa mAnA hai| isase bhI isa anumAna kI puSTi hotI hai ki eka hI kAla meM hue ye nagaNya nAmabheda ke prAcArya bahuta sambhava hai eka hI hoN| jahAM taka samantabhadra kI racanAoM kA prazna hai 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' ko chor3a zeSa racanAoM meM digambara aura zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM ke vibheda ko prakaTa karane vAlI koI mahatvapUrNa bAta ullikhita nahIM hai| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ko DA0 hIrAlAla ne sAmantabhadra kI racanA na mAnakara ise anya kartRka siddha kiyA hai| ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para isa prakAra kA anumAna karanA anaucitya kI paridhi meM nahIM AtA ki donoM paramparAoM dvArA bhinna-bhinna vidvAn ke rUpa meM mAne gaye sAmanta bhadra athavA samantabhadra bhinna vyakti na hokara eka hI AcArya hoM / astu yaha koI aisA viSaya nahIM jisa para antima rUpeNa sAdhikArika zabdoM meM kucha kahA jA ske| yadi aisA kahA bhI jAya to yaha bahuta sambhava hai ki jinake.antarmana meM pUrvAbhiniveza ghara kiyA huA hai ve loga ise na bhI mAneM / astu, isa viSaya meM aura adhika agretara zodha kI parama AvazyakatA hai, isameM to kisI kA matabheda nahIM hogaa| digambara paramparA ke vidvAn itihAsavidoM dvArA AcArya samantabhadra kA jo jIvana paricaya diyA gayA hai, vaha sAra rUpa meM isa prakAra hai : atyucca koTi ke vAgmI, kavi aura tArkika prAcArya samantabhadra dakSiNApatha ke phariNamaNDalAntargata uragapura ke eka rAjA ke kSatriya rAjakumAra the| unakA janmanAma thA zAnti vrmaa| unheM saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura unhoMne rAjya, aizvarya aura vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha aihika bhogopabhoga Adi ko viSavat tyAga kara jaina nirgrantha zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| unhoMne kaba aura kisake pAsa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI, kina ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana kara vyAkaraNa, nyAya, kAvya Adi aneka vidyAoM tathA AgamoM ke talasparzI jJAna meM niSNAtatA prApta kI, ina saba bAtoM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| ___AcArAMga athavA mUlAcAra meM eka jJAna-kriyAniSTha zramaNottama ke liye jisa prakAra ke vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usa vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI paripAlanA meM ve sadA pratipala, pratikSaNa satata jAgarUka rahate the| jinendra prabhu ke vizvakalyANakArI sandeza ko AryadharA ke vistIrNa bhUmaNDala para vibhinna kSetroM meM base hue jana-jana taka apratihata vihAra ke mAdhyama se pahuMcAne meM unakA zarIra sakSama rahe, unakA zarIra jJAna, kriyA, kI ArAdhanA aura saMyama sAdhanA kA samIcIna rUpa se nirvahana karane yogya rahe, kevala isI sva tathA para ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA se ve AhAra-pAnIya Adi grahaNa karate the / rasAsvAdana rasaddhi athavA zarIra para moha kI bhAvanA se unhoMne kabhI madhukarI nahIM kI / aise zramaNazreSTha the AcArya smntbhdr| Page #493 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 435 kisI janma-janmAntara meM arjita karma ke durvipAka se ve bhasmaka roga dvArA prAkrAnta ho gaye / madhukarI meM mile rUkSa evaM mita bhojana se unakI bhasmaka vyAdhi uttarottara bar3hatI aura bhayaMkara rUpa dhAraNa karatI hI gaI / isa asAdhya bhISaraNa vyAdhi se unake zarIra meM pIr3A pracaNDa rUpa dhAraNa kara unake zarIra ko, rudhira, majjA, carma aura asthiyoM taka ko jalAne lgii| isa dussahya- dAruNa vyAdhi se prapIr3ita ho samantabhadra ne apane guru se prArthanA kI ki ve unheM anazanapUrvaka samAdhi mararaNa ke svecchA varaNa kI AjJA pradAna kareM / jJAnanidhi tapodhana gurudeva ne kucha kSaNa dhyAnamagna rahane ke pazcAt kahA - 'vatsa ! tuma jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA karoge / abhI tumhArI paryApta Ayu avaziSTa hai / isa bhayAvahA bhISaNa bhasmaka vyAdhi kI agni ke zamana ke liye vipula mAtrA meM gariSTha bhojana kI prAvazyakatA rahatI hai / ataH tuma paMca mahAvrata svarUpa saMyama kA kucha samaya ke liye parityAga kara yatheSTa gariSTha bhojana kro| kucha samaya pazcAt isa bhasmaka vyAdhi ke naSTa ho jAne para tuma prAyazcita karake punaH saMyama graharaNa kara sva-para-kalyANa meM nirata ho jAnA / saMyama va vizuddha zramaNAcAra samantabhadra ko prANAdhika priya thA usakA tyAga karane meM unheM marmAntika pIr3A kA anubhava ho rahA thA kintu apane viziSTa jJAnI guruvara kI AjJA ko unhoMne anicchA hote hue bhI zirodhArya karate hue muniveSa kA parityAga kiyA / apane zarIra para bhasma ramA kara sthAna-sthAna para ghUmate hue ve kAMcIrAja ke rAjaprAsAda meM pahuMce / bhasmavibhUSita samantabhadra ko dekhate hI kAMcipati ke mana meM haThAt yaha vicAra utpanna huA ki kahIM. sAkSAt ziva hI to usa para kRpA kara usake yahAM nahIM A gaye haiN| kAMcIza ne uTha kara unakA abhivAdana karate hue unako praraNAma kiyaa| jaba use vidita huA ki ve mahAtmA haiM aura prabhu upAsanA hI unake jIvana kA eka mAtra lakSya hai to kAMcyadhIza ne unheM rAjaprAsAda ke zivamandira meM rahane aura zaMkara kI upAsanA karate rahane kI prArthanA kI / usa samaya ke parama samRddha kAMcI rAjya ke rAjakIya mandira meM pratidina ziva ko bhoga ke samaya arpaNa kI jAtI rahI ati gariSTha uttamottama bhojya sAmagrI ke nitya niyamita bhojana se samantabhadra kI bhasmaka vyAdhi katipaya mAsoM meM hI mUlataH naSTa ho gaI / eka dina kAMcIza dvArA ziva kI stuti karane kA Agraha kiye jAne para samantabhadra ne "svayaMbhU stotra" kI racanA kara zivapiNDI ke samakSa khar3e ho jinezvara kI stuti karanA prArambha kiyA / candappaha cariu kI prazasti kI nimnalikhita gAthA ke anusAra samantabhadra dvArA kiye jA rahe stuti pATha meM jahAM prabhu ko praNAma karane kA prasaMga AyA, vahIM tatkAla zivapiNDI ke andara se pravartamAna avasarpiNI Page #494 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 436 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 kAla kI jambUdvIpastha hamAre bhArata kSetra kI caubIsI ke 8veM tIrthaMkara prabhu candraprabha kI mUrti prakaTa huI / vaha gAthA isa prakAra hai. : NAmeM samaMtabhaddu vi muNidu, airiNammalu NaM puNNa mahicaMdu / jiurajjiu rAyA rudda kor3i, jiNathutti-missi sivapiDi phoDi / / isa vismayakAriNI camatkArapUrNa ghaTanA se kAMcIza aura jana-jana ke mana para jaina dharma ke acintya prabhAva kI amiTa chApa aMkita ho gii|" isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki kAMcI kA pallava rAjavaMza IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM zaiva mahAsanta appara dvArA jaina se zaiva dharmAvalambI banAye gaye kAMcipati pallavarAja mahendra varmana ke zAsana ke madhyavartI kAla taka saMbhavataH isI adbhuta camatkArapUrNa ghaTanA ke prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa zatAbdiyoM taka prAyaH jaina dharmAvalambI hI banA rhaa| prAcArya samantabhadra vastutaH bahumukhI pratibhAoM ke apratima dhanI the| unakI vividha viSayoM para ekachatra Adhipatya rakhane vAlI adbhuta kRtiyoM ke grantha samUha ko dekhakara pratyeka suvijJa samIkSaka ke samakSa yaha samasyA upasthita ho jAtI hai ki unheM mahAkavi kahA jAya, nitAnta adhyAtmaniSTha zramaNottama kahA jAya, unheM mahAn granthakAra kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA jAya, mahAn dArzanika kahA jAya athavA sarvajayI vAdirAja ke viziSTa saMbodhana se abhihita kiyA jAya, kyoMki ina sabhI prakAra kI ucca koTi kI vizeSatAoM se unakA jIvana prota-prota thaa| apane samaya ke yazasvI kavi vAdIbhasiMha ke ina zabdoM meM "sarasvatI-svaira-vihArabhUmayaH, samantabhadra pramukhA munIzvarAH / jayanti vAgvajra-nipAta-pAritapratIpa rAddhAnta mahIdhrakoTayaH / / " (gadyacintAmaNi) AcArya samantabhadra kI ajeya mahAvAdI ke rUpa meM viziSTa khyAti bhUmaNDala meM prasRta rahI pratIta hotI hai / prAcArya samantabhadra ke sarvatomukhI pratibhAzAlI asAdhAraNa vyaktitva para prakAza DAlane vAlA eka zloka dillI ke paMcAyatI mandira meM upalabdha puSTe (pulinde) meM rakhI svayaMbhUstotra kI prAcIna prati ke anta meM ullikhita hai, jo isa prakAra hai : Page #495 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya . ] , [ 437 prAcAryo'haM kavirahamahaM vAdirAT paNDito'haM, __ daivajJo'haM bhiSagahamahaM mAMtrikastAntriko'ham / rAjannasyAM jaladhivalayA-mekhalAyAmilAyAM, prAjJAsiddhiH kimiti bahunA siddha sArasvato'ham / / arthAt he rAjan ! maiM prAcArya to hUM hI, kavi bhI hUM, vAdI bhI hUM aura paNDita bhI huuN| maiM jyotiSI, cikitsaka, mAntrika aura tAntrika bhI hUM / kaTi para karadhanI dhAraNa ko huI navor3hA ke samAna cAroM ora samudra se pariveSTita isa vasundharA para maiM siddha-sArasvata arthAt sarasvatI putra hN| isa dharitrI para maiM jisa prakAra kA Adeza detA hUM, arthAt jaisA maiM cAhatA hUM, vahI hotA hai| isa zloka kA sArAMza yaha hai ki prAcArya samantabhadra kevala vAdI, kavi athavA sakala vidyAnidhAna hI nahIM apitu saba kucha the| zaka saM0 1050 meM ukita, zravaNabelgola sthita pArzvanAtha basti ke eka stambha lekha meM prAcArya samantabhadra kI yazogAthAoM kA gAna karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki isa AryadharA ke kina-kina sudUrastha pradezoM meM jina zAsana kA varcasva sthApita karane ke liye apratihata vihAra kara vipakSiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karate hue jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA / usa stambhalekha meM umra kita zloka isa prakAra hai pUrva-pATaliputra madhya-nagare bherI mayA tAr3itA, pazcAnmAlava-sindhu-Thakka-viSaye kAMcIpure vaidize / prApto'haM karahATakaM bahu-bhaTaM vidyotkaTaM saMkaTaM, vAdArthI vicarAmyahaM narapate zArdUla-vikrIDitam / / 7 // pravaTu-taTamaTatijhaTiti sphuTa-paTa-vAcATadhUrjaTerapi jihvA / vAdini samantabhadre sthitavati tava sadasi bhUpa! kAsthAnyeSAm ' / / 8 / / prAcArya samantabhadra ne bhasmaka roga se grasta hone ke anantara vibhinna pradezoM ke kina-kina nagaroM meM aura kisa-kisa dharma ke sAdhu ke rUpa meM bhramaNa karate hue nivAsa kiyA, isa sambandha meM nimnalikhita zloka meM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai :-- kAMcyAM nagnATako'haM malamalinatanurlAbuze pANDupiNDaH, puNDoNDu zAkyabhikSuH dazapura nagare miSTabhojI parivATa / vArANasyAmabhUvaM zazadharaghavala: pANDurogastapasvI, rAjan ! yasyAsti zaktiH sa vadatu purato jaina nirgranthavAdI / / prAcArya samantabhadra kI yazogAthA gAne vAle ina zlokoM ko par3hane se sahasA isa prakAra kA AbhAsa hotA hai mAnoM svayaM unhoMne hI garvoktiyoM se bhare ina zlokoM 1. jaina zilA lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1 (mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA samiti) pR0 102 Page #496 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 438 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kI racanA kI ho / vastutaH ye cAroM zloka samantabhadra se paryApta uttarakAlavartI vidvAnoM kI racanAeM haiN| isakA pramANa hai zaka saM. 1050 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 1655 ke zramaNa belgola ke stambhalekha meM uTTa kita zloka-yugala / yaha to sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa buddhi vAlA vyakti bhI mAnegA ki anantajJAna-darzana evaM akSaya avyAbAdha ananta zAzvata sukha prApti ko hI apanA carama-parama lakSya samajhane vAle samantabhadra jaise uccakoTi ke tatvajJa vidvAn svayaM ke liye isa prakAra ke ahaM se bhare garvoktipUrNa udgAra apane mukha se athavA lekhanI se kabhI abhivyakta nahIM kara skte| prAcArya samantabhadra kA jisa zraddhAbhakti ke sAtha jinasena Adi digambara paramparA ke mahAna granthakAroM ne smaraNa kiyA hai, usI zraddhA evaM sammAna sahita kalikAla sarvajJa ke (atizayoktipUrNa) viruda se vibhUSita AcArya hemacandra tathA AvazyakasUtra-TIkA ke nirmAtA yazasvI TIkAkAra malayagiri-ina zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne bhI mahAn stutikAra aura svayambhUstotra ke zloka ke ullekha ke sAtha. AdyastutikAra ina mahimAspada zabdoM meM inheM smaraNa kiyA hai| isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki vikrama kI 11vIM bArahavIM zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI samantabhadra apane hI prAcArya ke rUpa meM mAnya the| zra takevalI bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt samantabhadra hI eka aise AcArya haiM, jinheM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAmoM dvArA apanI-apanI paramparA kA prAcArya mAnane kA gaurava prApta huA hai| prAcArya samantabhadra dvArA racita nimnalikhita grantha prasiddha haiM :-(1) prAptamImAMsA-apara nAma devAgama, (2) svayaMbhUstotra, apara nAma caturviMzati jina stuti, (3) stuti vidyA aura (4) yuktyanuzAsana / (5) ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ko bhI samantabhadra kI hI kRti mAnA jAtA rahA hai kintu prophesara DA. hIrAlAlajI ne, jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ko anyakartRka siddha kiyA hai| aneka vidvAnoM ne prAcArya samantabhadra kI uparivariNata kRtiyoM meM isa prakAra ke aneka tathyoM ko khojA hai jo ki zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke poSaka batAye jAte haiN| isa viSaya meM gahana zodha ke anantara hI prAdhikArika rUpa meM kucha kahA jA sakatA hai| . -- Page #497 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAcArya zivazarmasUri zivazarma sUri nAmaka eka prAcIna prAcArya ne 'kammapaDi' aura 'paMcama zataka' nAmaka do mahAna upayogo grantharatnoM kI racanA kara sApaka varga para asIma upakAra kiyA hai / unhoMne dRSTivAda ke dUsare pUrva kI pAMcavIM cyavanavasta ke cauthe karmaprakRtiprAbhata meM se sAra nikAla kara karma siddhAnta viSayaka 'kammapaDi' nAmaka grantha kA nirmANa kiyaa| vartamAna meM upalabdha karmasiddhAnta sambandhI granthoM meM 'kammapayaDi' grantha kI gaNanA eka sarvAdhika prAcIna grantha ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai| prAcIna jaina vAMgmaya ke adhyayana se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki pUrvakAla meM zivazarmasUri dvArA racita yaha kammapayaDi nAmaka grantha digambara evaM zvetAmbara-ina donoM hI paramparAmoM meM samAna rUpa se prAmANika grantha mAnA jAtA thaa| isa grantha meM 475 gAthAeM haiN| uttaravartI kAla ke aneka bhAcAryoM ne "kammapayaDi" nAmaka isa prantha para bhASya, cUrNi aura TIkAgranthoM kI racanAeM kI haiN| ___ AcArya zivazarmasUri dvArA racita eka aura grantha zatAbdiyoM se jaina jagat meM lokapriya rahA hai| vaha hai paMcama zataka nAmaka "karmagranya" / prAcArya zivazarma ne isa grantha kI racanA bhI "kammapaDipAhaDa" ke mAdhAra para kI hai| isa grantha meM kula 111 gAthAeM haiN| isa para bhI aneka vidvAn prAcAyoM ne cUriNa, TIkA, bhAgya prAdi kI racanAeM kI haiN| vartamAna meM prAcArya zivazarmasUri kI ye do racanAeM hI upalabdha hotI haiM / ye donoM hI grantha mumukSutroM ko adhyAtma mArga para agrasara hone meM prakAzastambha kA kAma karate haiN| prAcArya zivazarmasUri kA isase adhika aura koI paricaya nahIM milatA ki unhoMne ina do grantha ratnoM kI racanA kii| isI kAraNa inake sattAkAla ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM ke pAsa anumAna ke alAvA aura koI avalambana nahIM hai / katipaya vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA hai to kisI ne vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke bIca kA / karma siddhAnta para unake prAdhikArika agAdha jJAna aura kammapar3i kI bhASA aura zailI ko dekhate hue pratyeka niSpakSa vicAraka kA, yaha mAnane ko mana karatA hai ki prAcArya zivazarma pUrva jJAna kI vyucchitti se pUrva ke mahAn tatvajJa vidvAn the| Page #498 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ hArilla sari ke samakAlIna prabhAvaka granthakAra dharmadAsagariNa mahattara dharmadAsagaNi mahattara kI 'upadezamAlA' nAma kI eka hI kRti upalabdha hotI hai / isake atirikta unakI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hotii|. unakI yaha eka hI kRti mumukSu sAdhakoM ke liye parama hitakAriNI hai| upadezamAlA meM 544 gAthAeM haiM, jinameM antarmana para prAdhyAtmikatA kI amiTa chApa aMkita kara dene vAle hRdayagrAhI upadeza prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA ko hI sArabhUta siddha karane vAlI akATya yuktiyoM aura aneka aitihAsika dRSTAnta ati sundara prabhAvazAlI zailI meM pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| inhIM vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa yaha grantha apane praNetA dharmadAsagaNi mahattara ko akSaya kIrti pradAna karatA huA apane racanAkAla se lekara adyAvadhi paryanta bar3A lokapriya rahA hai / dharmadAsagaNi ne upadezamAlA kI 540vIM gAthA meM apanA nAma dharmadAsa gaNi 'dhammadAsagaNiraNa' isa pada se spaSTa rUpeNa batAyA hai| isa gAthA se pUrva kI gAthA saMkhyA 537 meM eka nigUr3ha zailI meM apane nAma kA saMketa kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : ghaMta-maNi-dAma-sasi-gaya-Nihi, payapaDhamakkharAbhihANeNa / uvaesamAlapagaraNamiNamo, raiyaM himaTThAe // 537 / / ___ gAthA ke prathama caraNa se 'dharmadAsagaNi' yaha nAma granthakAra kA prakaTa hotA hai / katipaya vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki isa gAthA ke prathama caraNa meM dharmadAsa gariNa ne grantha racanA ke kAla kA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM jor3a-tor3a baiThAne kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA gayA kintu vaha pracalita saMvatoM kI saMkhyA aura paraspara ekadUsare ke antarAla ke jor3ane para samucita aura mana ko samAdhAnakArI nahIM pratIta hotaa| ghaMta-1, mariNa-7, dAma-5, sasi 1, gaya-8 aura riNahi-6, isa prathama caraNa se anumAnita kI jAne vAlI 6 saMkhyAoM meM se dhaMta (dhvAMta-andhakAra-1, sasi -1, aura dAma-- 5 ko "aMkAnAM vAmato gati" isa niyama se vikrama saMvat 511 gaura sasi - 1, gaya-8 aura Nihi - 6 ina aMkoM se vIra ni. saM. 181 nikalatA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki vikrama saMvat 511 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 981 meM dharmadAsagariNa mahattara ne 'upadeza mAlA' kI racanA kI / vIra nirvANa Page #499 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI zrAcArya ] [ 441 ke 470 varSa pazcAt vikrama saMvat pracalita huA - isa dRSTi se ina aMkoM kI jor3ator3a kI kalpanA sahI (ThIka) to baiThatI hai para isa prakAra kI jor3a-tor3a kA zrAdhAra gAthA meM kahIM saMketita nahIM hai / 'upadezamAlA' para siddharSi dvArA racita TIkA, eka prAcIna kRti hai vikrama saMvat 1238 meM ratnaprabha sUri ne isa para doghaTTIvRtti kI racanA kI / isa para tIsarI TIkA rAmavijayajI dvArA nirmita, upalabdha hai| doghI vRtti meM dharmadAsa gariNa mahattara ko svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hastadIkSita ziSya batAyA gayA hai, jo kisI bhI dRSTi se mAnya nahIM ho sakatA / ho sakatA hai ki mumukSutroM ke liye paramopayogI unakI kRti upadezamAlA ke mahatva ko prakaTa karane kI dRSTi se prathavA pUrva janma meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hone kI kalpanA ke AdhAra para TIkAkAra ne aisA likhA ho / upadezamAlA meM saMvigna- paramparA ke pakSa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / vinaya ratna, mahAmuni sthUlabhadra, siMhaguhAvAsI muni, zrArya maMgU, zrArya vajra aura devadvargAriNa kSamAzramaraNa ke tatvAvadhAna meM vallabhI meM huI Agama vAcanA athavA Agama lekhana ke samaya vidyamAna kAlakAcArya Adi vIra nirvAraNa kI tIsarI zatAbdI se dasavIMgyArahavIM zatAbdI ke bIca hue prAcAryoM ke sambandha meM aneka bAteM kahI gaI haiM, isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki upadezamAlA ke racanAkAra dharmadAsagariNa mahattara yugapradhAnAcArya hArilla sUri ke samakAlIna rAjarSi hoM / inakA koI prAmANika jIvana paricaya nahIM milatA / doghaTTIvRtti jaise uttaravartI jaina vAMgmaya meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ve apane gRhastha jIvana meM vijayapUra... ke vijayasena nAmaka rAjA the / zrajayA aura vijayA nAma kI inakI do rAniyAM thiiN| rAnI vijayA kI kukSi se eka putra kA janma huA, jisakA nAma raNasiMha rakhA gayA / sautiyA DAha ke vazIbhUta ho prajayA nAmaka rAnI ne SaDyantra raca kara bAlaka rAjakumAra raNasiMha kA apaharaNa karavA diyaa| rAjA vijayasena aura rAnI vijayA ke hRdaya ko isa ghaTanA se gaharA AghAta lagA / una donoM ko saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura una donoM ne paMca mahAvratoM kI bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa karalI / una donoM ke sAtha vijayArAnI kA sahodara sujaya bhI zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho gayA / rAjA vijayasena dharmadAsagaNi ke nAma se vikhyAta hue / udhara rAjakumAra raNasiMha kA lAlana-pAlana eka kRSaka ke ghara meM huA / raNasiMha ne yuvAvasthA meM praveza karate hI apane pauruSa se vijayapura ke rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra kara liyA / kAlAntara meM rAjA raNasiMha dharmavimukha ho prajA para anyAya karane lagA / Page #500 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 42 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 apane jJAnAtizaya se jaba dharmadAsagaNi ko yaha vidita huA ki unakA putra pApapUrNa kAryoM meM saMlagna hai to unhoMne dharmamArga se vimukha apane putra ko sanmArga para lAne ke lie upadeza mAlA kI racanA kii| unhoMne jinadAsagaNi ko upadeza mAlA kA adhyayana karavAyA aura jinadAsagaNi ne use kaNThastha kara liyaa| dharmadAsagaNi mahattara ne raNasiMha ko upadeza dene ke lie jinadAsagaNi aura sAdhvI vijayazrI ko bhejaa| una donoM ne vijayapura pahuMcakara rAjA raNasiMha ko "upadeza mAlA" ke mAdhyama se dharmopadeza diyaa| upadeza mAlA ke upadeza kA rAjA raNasiMha para gaharA prabhAva pdd'aa| vaha vizuddha samyakta vadhArI zrAvaka bana gayA aura kAlAntara meM apane putra ko rAjya samhalAkara prA0 municandra ke pAsa zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho gyaa| vastutaH upadezamAlA eka aisA grantharatna hai jo bhUloM-bhaTakoM ko satpatha para / mArUr3ha karane vAlA hai| Page #501 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ anya graMthakAra niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ke samasAmayika jina vidvAnoM ne mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI racanA kI ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. baTukera-IsA kI pAMcavI-chaThI zatAbdI ke ina vidvAna prAcArya ne "mUlAcAra" nAmaka prAgamika grantha kI racanA kii| inake sambandha meM yaha dhAraNA calI A rahI thI ki ye digambara paramparA ke prAcArya the kintu zodhArthI vidvAn khoja ke pazcAt yaha mAnane lage haiM ki ye yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya the|' 2. zivArya (zivanandI)---ina yApanIya AcArya ne 2170 gAthAtmaka pArAdhanA nAmaka eka mahatvapUrNa grantha kI racanA kii| sAdhakoM ke lie yaha grantha bar3A hI upayogI hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki zatAbdiyoM se yaha grantha jainoM meM bar3A hI lokapriya rahA hai| Aja se do dazaka pUrva taka digambara paramparA ise apanA Agamika grantha mAnatI thI kintu aba digambara vidvAnoM ne isa grantha ko yApanIya paramparA kA mAna liyA hai| isake uparAnta bhI zraddhAlu sAdhakoM dvArA isa grantha kA.bar3I zraddhA se pArAyaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 3. sarvanandi-digambara paramparA ke vidvAn sarvanandi ne zaka saM0 380 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 555 meM dakSiNa ke tatkAlIna zaktizAlI pANDya rAjya ke pATalika nAmaka sthAna para prAkRta bhASA ke loka vibhAga nAmaka eka mahattvapUrNa grantha kI racanA kii| kAlAntara meM siMha sUrarSi ne prAkRta se isa grantha kA saMskRta bhASA ke padyoM meM anuvAda kiyA / vartamAna meM prAkRta bhASA kA loka vibhAga kahIM upalabdha nahIM hai| kevala saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha loka vibhAga hI upalabdha hai|| mamein 4. yativRSabhAcArya:-prAcIna prAcAryoM meM yativRSabha prAcArya kA bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| inakI do atIva mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM jaina jagata meM bar3I lokapriya haiM / pahalI hai 'kaSAya prAbhUta cariNa' aura dUsarI 'tiloya pnnnntti| aneka vidvAnoM ne prAcArya yati vRSabha ko vikrama kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI kA prAcArya mAnA hai| jayadhavalA meM kaSAya pAhur3a ke cUpiNakAra yati vRSabha ko vAcaka Arya , The Jaina Path of Purification page 79. Padmanabh S. Jaini, published by Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi, Bungalow Road, Jawahar Nagar, Delhi 7, 2 jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2, pRSTha 44-45 Page #502 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 444 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 maMkSu aura nAgahasti kA ziSya batAyA hai| parantu kaSAya pAhur3a kI cUriNa meM athavA anyatra kahIM yati vRSabha ne apane Apa ko Arya maMkSa kA ziSya aura nAgahastI kA antevAsI prakaTa nahIM kiyA hai| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI jaya dhavalAkAra ke isa kathana meM vizvAsa na karane kA koI kAraNa pratIta nahIM hotA ki Arya maMkSu ke ziSya aura nAgahastI ke antevAsI prAcArya yativRSabha ne kaSAya pAhuDa cUriNa kI racanA kii| "prAcArya yativRSabha vAcaka Arya maMkSu aura vAcaka Arya nAgahastI ke ziSya the"-jayadhavalAkAra ke isa kathana para vizvAsa kara lene ke pazcAt eka navIna tathya prakAza meM AtA hai / vaha yaha hai ki 'kaSAya pAhar3a cUriNa' ke racanAkAra AcArya yativRSabha aura 'tiloya paNNatti' ke racanAkAra yativRSabha bhinna-bhinna kAla meM hue eka hI nAma ke do bhinna prAcArya the / kaSAya pAhur3a cUNi ke racanAkAra pahale yativRSabha Arya maMkSu aura Arya nAgahastI ke ziSya hone ke pariNAma svarUpa vIra nirvANa kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI (vIra ni0 saM0 454 arthAt zvetAmbara-digambara bheda se 155 varSa pUrva) ke prAcArya the| . isI nAma ke dUsare yativRSabhAcArya ne apane grantha tiloya paNNatti meM vIra ni. saM. 1000 taka ke kAla meM hue rAjAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki tiloya paNNattikAra yativRSabhAcArya vikrama kI pAMcavIM chaThI zatAbdI ke prAcArya the| yativRSabhAcArya ke kAla nirNaya meM yahIM iti zrI nahIM ho jAtI / vastutaH yaha zodha kA eka pratyanta mahatvapUrNa viSaya hai| aba taka vidvAnoM ne isa nitarAM nigUr3ha aitihAsika tathya kI gahana zodha ke sthAna para yahI kahakara TAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki yativRSabhAcArya ke guru maMkSu aura nAgahastI ye donoM prAcArya zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya maMkSu aura nAgahasti se bhinna haiN| jayadhavalAkAra kI nimnalikhita gAthAe~ mahattvapUrNa haiM : guNaharakyaNa viNiggaya, gAhANattho'vahArino svvo| jeNajjamakhuNA so, saNAgahatthI varaM deU / / 7 // jo ajja maMkhu sIso, aMtevAsI vi NAga hatthissa / so vitti suttakattA, jaivasaho me varaM deU / / 8 / / ye do gAthAeM zodhArthI vidvAnoM ko zodha ke liye preraNA dene vAlI haiM / jayadhavalA aura zru tAvatAra meM prAcArya guNadhara ko kaSAya-pAhur3a kA kartA mAnA ' prArya maMkSu ke samaya ke lie dekhiye jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2, pRSTha 532 / Page #503 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya . ] [ 445 hai| digambara paramparA kI eka bhI paTTAvalI meM ina prAcArya guNadhara kA nAma kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| indranandI ne to zrutAvatAra meM spaSTa rUpeNa likhA hai ki guNadhara aura gharasena kI guru ziSya paramparA kA pUrvApara krama kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| una guNadhara dvArA racita kaSAya pAhur3a ke gahana gUDhArtha ko vAcaka Arya maMkSu aura vAcaka Arya nAgahastI ne samyagarUpeNa hRdayaGgama kiyaa| yativRSabha ne kaSAya pAhur3a kI gAthAoM ke gahana artha ko prArya maMkSu aura Arya nAgahastI se grahaNa kiyaa| ina vAcaka dvaya mArya maMkSa aura prArya nAgahastI ke nAma bhI digambara paramparA kI paTTAvaliyoM meM kahIM upalabdha nahIM hote / upalabdha hone kI saMbhAvanA bhI nahIM kyoMki vAcaka paramparA zvetAmbara saMgha kI paramparA rahI hai| digambara saMgha meM usakA kabhI astitva hI nahIM rhaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM zodhapriya vidvAnoM ke samakSa nimnalikhita prazna ubhara kara pAte haiM :1. kaSAya pAhur3a ke racanAkAra guNadhara vastutaH kahIM zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 11veM paTTadhara prAcArya guraNasundara hI to nahIM haiM jinakA AcArya kAla vIra ni0 saM0 261 se vIra ni0 saM0 335 rahA aura jo dazapUrvadhara prAcArya the / guNasundara aura guNadhara ye donoM nAma bhI paraspara eka dUsare ke pUraka hI pratIta hote haiN| Arya guNasundara se 116 varSa pazcAt arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 454 meM vAcanAcArya pada para AsIna hue mArya maMkSu aura unake ziSya nAgahastI se yativRSabha nAmaka medhAvI mumukSu ne una donoM kA ziSyatva svIkAra kara unase kaSAya pAhur3a kA talasparzI jJAna prAptakara kaSAya pAhur3a cUNi kI kahIM racanA nahIM kI ho aura isa prakAra kaSAya pAhur3a kahIM zvetAmbara-digambara vibheda se 300-325 varSa pUrva kA dazapUrvaghara dvArA racita pAgama to nahIM hai / Page #504 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 26veM yugapradhAnAcArya hArilla sUri ke nAma para navIna gaccha kI utpatti hArila gaccha kuvalayamAlA nAmaka grantha ke racayitA prAcArya udyotanasari-prapara nAma dAkSiNyacihna ne apane grantha ke anta meM jo prazasti dI hai, usake anusAra hArila gaccha kI paTTa-paramparA isa prakAra hai : 1. yugaMpradhAnAcArya harigupta-prapara nAma hArila / isake nAma para hArila gaccha kI sthApanA kI gii| 2. devagupta / ye prAcArya mahAkavi the isa prakAra kA ullekha 'kuvalayamAlA' ke racanAkAra ne kiyA hai| 3. zivacandra / ye sthAna-sthAna para jinAlayoM ke darzana karate hue bhinna___ mAla pahace aura zeSa jIvana unhoMne vahIM vyatIta kiyaa| udyotanasUri ne inheM bhinnamAla nivAsiyoM ke liye kalpavRkSa tulya batAyA hai| 4. yakSadatta gariNa / hArila gaccha ke ye mahA yazasvI prabhAvaka AcArya hae haiN| prAcArya yakSadatta ke nAya, vRnda, mammaTa, durga, agni zarmA aura baTezvara nAmaka 6 ziSya the| 5. baTezvara-inhoMne nAga, vRnda prAdi pAMca gurubhrAtAoM ke sAtha dUra-dUra ke kSetroM meM dharma kI prabhAvanA kI evaM aneka mandiroM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| prAkAzavapra nAmaka nagara meM prAcArya baTezvara ne eka prati vizAla aura manohara jinAlaya kA nirmANa krvaayaa| 6. tatvAcArya inake jIvanavRtta kA kahIM ullekha nahIM miltaa| 7. dAkSiNyacihna prapara nAma udyotana suuri| inhoMne lokapriya kuvalaya mAlA nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| inakA jIvana paricaya yathAsthAna prAge diyA jaaygaa| jodhapura nagara se 6 koza uttara dizA meM sthita gAMdhANI nAmaka grAma se prApta bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI sarva dhAtuoM se nirmita mUrti ke pRSTha bhAga para uTTaGkita Page #505 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 447 abhilekha se zrI udyotana sUri ke do ziSyoM ke nAma prakAza meM Aye haiN| yaha sarvadhAtunirmita jinezvara kI mUrti gAMdhAraNI grAma ke tAlAba para avasthita jinamandira meM upalabdha huI hai / vaha mUrti abhilekha akSaraza: isa prakAra hai : (1) zrom || navasu zateSvavdAnAM / saptataM (tri) zadadhikeSu / zrIvacchalAMgalIbhyAM jyeSThAryAbhyAM (2) parama bhaktyA // nAbheyajinasyaiSA || pratimA SADhArddhaniSpannA zrIma(3) toraNa kalitA / mokSArthaM kAritA tAbhyAM // jyeSThAryapadaM prAptau / dvAvapi (4) jinadharma vacchalau khyAtau / udyotana sUresto ziSya zrI vaccha- bala devI // (5) saM0 437 prASAr3hAveM / prarthAt - prom / saMvat 637 ke Adhe zrASAr3ha ke vyatIta ho jAne para (anumAnataH prASAr3ha zuklA pratipadA ke dina -kyoMki amAvazyA isa prakAra ke zreSTha kAryoM meM varjita mAnI gaI hai) jyeSThArya (saMbhavataH vAcaka) zrI vatsa aura lAMgalI (baladeva kA apara nAma lAMgalI - halaghara ) ne utkRSTa bhakti se toraNa sahita isa prAdinAtha RSabhadeva kA nirmANa mukti kI abhilASA se krvaayaa| ina donoM muniyoM ne jyeSThArya pada (saMbhavataH vAcaka pada) prApta kiyA aura jinadharmavatsala ke rUpa meM khyAti ko prApta hue| ve donoM zrIvatsa aura baladeva zrI udyotana sUri ke ziSya the / saMvat 637 prASAr3hArddha meM / udyotana sUri kI paTTAvalI meM ina ( udyotana sUri) kA vi0 saM0 664 meM svargastha hone kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / udyotanasUri prAcArya pada para kisa AsIna hue isakA koI ullekha paTTAvalI meM upalabdha nahIM hotA / isa prabhilekha se yaha to nizcita rUperaNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki udyotana sUri vi0 saM0 637 meM prAcArya pada para adhiSThita the aura isase kucha kama prathavA adhika samaya pUrva hI prAcArya pada prApta kara cuke the / Page #506 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 29veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI zaMkarasena janma dIkSA prAcArya pada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya AcArya paryAya pUrNa sAdhuparyAya pUrNa zrAyu vIra ni0saM0 1016 ,, 1041 " 19 17 "" "9 " ,, 1064 1064 19 22 varSa 23 " 30 11 53 75 vIra prabhu ke 28veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI vIrabhadra ke svargastha ho jAne para vIra ni. saM. 1064 meM Agama marmajJa vidvAn munizrI zaMkarasena ko prAcAryazrI vIrabhadra ke uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 26 veM paTTadhara prAcArya pada para zrAsIna kiyA gayA / 19 isake atirikta inake jIvanakAla kI kisI ghaTanA kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA / Page #507 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 30veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI jasobhadra svAmI . / / / / 1116 / / / janma vIra ni. saM. 1044 dIkSA , , , 1071 prAcArya pada 1064 svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya prAcArya paryAya pUrNa sAdhu paryAya pUrNa prAyu zAsanapati bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 26veM paTTadhara prAcAryazrI zaMkarasena ke svargAroharaNa ke anantara unake uttarAdhikArI zramaNazreSTha vidvAn munizrI jasobhadra svAmI ko vIraprabhu ke 30veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM zramaNa-zramaNI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha ke prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA / inake jIvanakAla ke ghaTanA cakra ke viSaya meM bhI koI ullekha adyAvadhi kahIM kisI graMtha meM hameM upalabdha nahIM huA hai| zodhArthiyoM se isa bAre meM agresara zoSa kI apekSA hai| / / Page #508 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 26veM evaM 30veM paTTadhara kramazaH zrI zaMkara sena aura jasobhadra ke prAcArya kAla ke 303 yugapradhAnAcArya zrI jinabhadragariNa kSamAzramaNa janma vIra ni0 saM0 1011 ,,, 1025 dIkSA sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya yugapradhAnAcAryakAla , , , 1025-1055 " , 1055-1115 ..., 1115 104 varSa, 6 mAsa aura 6 dina svarga sarvAyu yugapradhAnAcArya zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramANa kA janma vIra ni0saM0 1011 meM huaa| Apane 14 varSa kI alpa vaya meM, vIra ni0 saM0 1025 meM zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| 30 varSa kI apanI sAmAnya zramaNa paryAya meM vizuddha zramaraNAcAra ke pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha Apane AgamoM, dharmagranthoM, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, sva tathA para siddhAMtoM evaM nItizAstra kA bar3I hI lagana ke sAtha talasparzI gahana adhyayana kiyaa| vIra ni0saM0 1055 meM 26veM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI hArilasUri ke svargastha ho jAne para Apako yugapradhAnAcArya pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| jItakalpariNa ke prAdya maMgala meM, usake racanAkAra prAcArya siddhasena kSamAzramaNa dvArA kI gaI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kI Sar3a gAthAtmakA stuti se yaha vidita hotA hai ki jinabhadragariNa kSamAzramaNa apane samaya ke apratima udbhaTa vidvAna, munisamUha dvArA sevita, AgamoM ke talasparzI jJAna ke jJAtA evaM vyAkhyAtA, bahazru tAgraNI, sva-para siddhAMta pAragAmI Adarza kSamAzramaNa the|' isI prakAra vizeSAvazyaka tathA jItakalpa ke vRttikAroM ne bhI Apake viziSTa guNoM ke prati prAMtarika zraddhA abhivyakta karate hue ApakI stuti kI hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne jItakalpa, sabhASya vizeSaNavatI, vRhatkSetrasamAsa, dhyAnazataka, vRhatsaMgrahaNI aura vIra ni0saM0 1076 kI caitra zuklA 15, budhavAra 1 paMcakalpa cUriNa Page #509 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 451 ke dina vallabhI meM mahArAjA zilAditya (prathama) ke rAjyakAla meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI racanA kii| Apase uttaravartI racanAkAroM ne ApakI kRti vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ko jaina siddhAMta jJAna kA mahodadhi evaM akSaya bhaNDAra aura jaina sAhitya ratnAkara kA anamola grantharatna batAkara ApakI prazaMsA kI hai| aneka jainAcAryoM ne ApakI isa kRti ko duHSamAkAla ke nibir3atama aMdhakAra meM nimagna jina-pravacanoM ko prakAzita karane vAle prazasta pradIpa kI upamA dI hai| vastutaH dekhA jAya to jaina siddhAMtoM se sambandhita aisA koI viSaya avaziSTa nahIM rahA hai, jisa para vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM prApa dvArA prakAza na DAlA gayA ho| vIra nirvANa kI 11vIM zatAbdI vAstava meM bhASyoM aura cUNi sAhitya ke nirmANa kA prArambhika yuga thaa| Apake yugapradhAnAcArya pada para AsIna hone se pUrva "vasudeva hiMDI" ke yazasvI racanAkAra saMghadAsa kSamAzramaNa aura unake sahayogI "dhammillahiMDI" ke racanAkAra dharmasenagagi ne paMcakalpa bhASya kI racanA kI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isI se Apako vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke praNayana kI preraNA milI ho / prApane anuyoga cUrSiNa kI bhI racanA kii| cUNi sAhitya ke nirmANa kA prArambha bhI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa se hI haa| Apake samakAlIna para laghavayaska prAcArya siddhasena kSamAzramaNa ne Apa dvArA racita grantha jItakalpa para cUNi kA nirmANa kiyA / vartamAna meM upalabdha cUNi sAhitya meM jinabhadragariNa kSamAzramaNa dvArA racita anuyogacUNi kI gaNanA sabase pahalI cUNi ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai | jinadAsagaNi aura haribhadrasUri ne apanI kRtiyoM meM isakA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai / devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI AcAryoM meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ko AgamoM kA prabala pakSadhara mAnA gayA hai| unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM prAgama ko sarvopari mAna kara pAgama ke AdhAra para darzana ko pratiSThApita kiyA hai, na ki darzana ke AdhAra para Agama ko / -awaren niyukti, pravacUriMga, cUriNa, bhASya aura TIkA--- ina saba kI gaNanA prAgamoM ke vyAkhyA granthoM ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai| jahAM AgamoM kA gUDhArtha samajha meM na Aye vahAM pahale niyukti kI, niyukti se bhI samajha meM na Aye to kramazaH avacUriNa, cariNa, bhASya aura TIkA granthoM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA rahatI hai| isa dRSTi se bhI (jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne anuyoga cUNi, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya aura vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI TIkA kI racanA kara jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| jinabhadragariNa kSamAzramaNa ne 30 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhu-paryAya meM aura 60 varSa taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada para rahate hue kula milAkara 60 varSa ke apane sAdhanAkAla meM vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kara jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya sevA kI / 100 Page #510 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 452 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 varSa se Upara kI avasthA ho jAne para bhI ve sAhitya-sRjana meM lIna rhe| unhoMne apane jIvana ke antima varSoM meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya svopajJa vRtti kI racanA prArambha kii| ve isa vRtti kI SaSTha gaNadharavAda taka hI racanA kara pAye the ki ve svargastha ho gaye / unake isa prArambha kiye hue kArya ko koTyAcArya ne sampanna kiyaa| isa prakAra jIvana paryanta jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kara yugapradhAnAcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa 104 varSa...6 mAsa aura 6 dina kI Ayu pUrNa kara vIra ni. saM. 1115 meM svargastha hue / apane pArthiva zarIra ke rUpa meM ve Aja nahIM rahe para prakAzapradIpa ke samAna unakI kRtiyAM vigata lagabhaga 1400 varSoM se zramaraNa-zramaNI varga, sAdhaka varga vidvadvarga ko mArgadarzana karatI A rahI haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI karatI rheNgii| Page #511 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jinabhadragariNa kSamAzramaNa ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla ke viziSTa pratibhAzAlI prAcArya (1) siddhasena kSamAzramaNa tIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM siddhasena kSamAzramaNa nAmaka eka viziSTa pratibhAzAlI prAcArya hue haiN| ve jinabhadragariNa kSamAzramaNa kA guru tulya sammAna karate the| zrI siddhasena kSamAzramaNa ne jItakalpa cUNi aura nizItha bhASya kI racanA kii| unhoMne jItakalpa riNa ke Adya maMgala meM jinabhadragariNa ko namaskAra karate hue unake lie "muriNavarA sevaMti sayA" (gAthA saM. 6) aura "dasasu vi disAsu jassa ya aNuprogo bhamaI" (gAthA saM. 7) ina padoM meM vartamAna kAla kA prayoga kiyA hai| isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ve jinabhadragariNa ke sAkSAt ziSya athavA samakAlIna laghuvayaska prAcArya hoN| (2) koTyAcArya yugapradhAnAcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM koTyAcArya nAmaka eka vidvAn prAcArya hue| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne apane jIvana ke antima dinoM meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI svopaza vRtti kI racanA prArambha kI thI aura ve SaSTama gaNagharavAda taka hI isa vRtti kI racanA kara pAye the ki 104 varSa, 6 mAsa aura 6 dina kI prAyu pUrNa kara svargavAsI ho gaye / isa prakAra prApakI vaha vizeSAvazyaka kI svopajJa vRtti prapUrNa hI raha gaI thii| koTyAcArya ne usa apUrNa rahI huI vRtti ko 13700 zloka parimANa meM pUrNa kiyA aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki zrI koTyAcArya una mahAna granyakAra yugapradhAnAcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke hI ziSya the aura unhoMne nirantara apane guru kI sevA meM rahakara ina mahAn granthoM ke praNayana meM unako unake antima dinoM taka sahayoga dete rahe the| ve apane guru jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke mAgamapakSIya jJAna aura unakI zailI se paryAptarUpeNa paricita kRpA pAtra ziSya the| apane guru kI apUrNa rahI racanA ko ziSya ke dvArA pUrNa kiye jAne ke aneka udAharaNa jaina vAMgmaya meM upalabdha hote haiM / apane guru kI granthapraNayana zailI se paricita hone ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI ve vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI apUrNa rahI vizAla vRtti ko pUrNa karane meM saphala hue| yuga pradhAnAcArya jinabhadragati ke prAcAryakAla ke anya gaNa evaM gaccha jinabhadragariNa kSamAzramaNa ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM vIra ni. saM. 1076 meM nAgendra gaccha kI sthApanA huii| Page #512 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zaMkarasena, jasobhadra evaM jinabhadragariNa ke prAcAryakAla ke rAjavaMza .. yugapradhAnAcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM ballabhI para zIlAditya prathama kA rAjya thaa| zIlAditya ke rAjyakAla meM hI unhoMne vallabhI meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI racanA kii| hUraNa rAjavaMza jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM hUNa rAja mihirakula kA mAlavA aura rAjasthAna ke aneka hissoM para rAjya thaa| vIra ni0 saM0 1026 ke pAsa-pAsa apane pitA mAlavarAja toramANa kI mRtyu ke uparAnta yaha mAlavA ke rAjasiMhAsana para prArUr3ha hanA thaa| cInI yAtrI hyatasAMga ne apane yAtrA vivaraNa meM likhA hai ki zrAvastI kA rAjA mihirakula bauddhoM kA bar3A zatru thaa| itihAsajJoM kA abhimata hai ki mihirakula zaivamatAnuyAyI thaa| videzI hUNa hote hue bhI usane hindUdharma aMgIkAra kara liyA thA aura vaha ziva kA parama bhakta thaa| mihirakUla bauddha stUpoM aura saMghArAmoM ko naSTa kara bauddhoM ko lUTa liyA karatA thaa| usane apane zAsanakAla meM bauddha bhikSutroM ko aneka prakAra ke kaSTa diye| vIra ni0 saM0 1056 ke lagabhaga yazodharmA ne mihirakUla ko yuddha meM karArI hAra dI, isa prakAra kA ullekha mandasaura ke vijayastambha para utkIrNa zilAlekha meM vidyamAna hai|' "... - cInI yAtrI hya tsAMga ne apane yAtrA vivaraNa meM likhA hai ki : sthAgoranyatra yena praNatikRpaNatAM prApitaM nottamAMgeH, yasyAzliSTo bhujAbhyAM vahati himagiridurga zabdAbhimAnam / nIcastenApi yasya praNati bhujabalAvarjane kliSTa mUrddhanA, cUDApuSpopahAramihirakula nRpeNAcitaM pAdayugmam / / (phlIkorapasa inskripzanam juDikerama, jilda 3, guptA insakripzansa, pRSTha 142 varsa 6) Page #513 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI AcArya ] [ 455 "jaba magadha ke rAjA bAlAditya ne mihirakula ke atyAcAroM ke sambandha meM 'sunA to usane apane rAjya kI sImAoM kI surakSA ke liye prayatna kiyA aura mihirakula ko kara denA banda kara diyA / isa para mihirakula ne kruddha hokara usa para AkramaNa kara diyA / bAlAditya ne usa yuddha meM mihirakula ko pUrNarUpeNa parAjita kara bandI banA liyA / kAlAntara meM mihirakula kI mAtA kI prArthanA para bAlAditya ne use mukta kara diyaa| mihirakula kI parAjaya ke samAcAra suna kara usake choTe bhAI ne usake rAjya para adhikAra kara liyA thA / isa kAraNa mihirakula ne bAlAditya ke kArAgAra se mukta hote hI kAzmIra meM zaraNa lI / kucha hI samaya pazcAt usane kAzmIra ke rAjA ko mArakara kAzmIra para apanA adhikAra jamA liyA / tadanantara usane gAndhAra pradeza para adhikAra kara vahAM ke bauddha saMghArAmoM ko naSTa kiyA / " adhikAMza itihAsakAra cInI yAtrI ke isa vivaraNa ko isaliye prAmArika nahIM mAnate ki rAjataraMgiNI ke ullekhAnusAra mihirakula kA pahale se hI kAzmIra para adhikAra thaa| adhikAMza vidvAn mandasaura ke vijayastambha ke uparokta zilAlekha ko hI prAmANika mAnate haiM / vicAra karane para cInI yAtrI ke yAtrA vivaraNa para bhI sandeha karane kA koI kAraNa pratIta nahIM hotA / yaha saMbhava hai ki mihirakula ko yazodharmA ne parAjita kiyA ho / maMdasaura ke vijayastambha ke zilAlekha kI aMtima paMkti "cUr3ApuSpopahArair mihirakulanRpeNAcitaM pAdayugmam" se spaSTa rUperaNa yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki yazodharmA ne mihirakula ko parAjita kara na to mArA hI aura na bandI hI banAyA / kevala usane usase apane caraNayugala kI sevA karavAI - use apanA adhInastha karadAtA rAjA banA kara chor3a diyaa| usake pazcAt mihirakula kI zakti ko kSINa huI dekhakara saMbhavata: bAlAditya ne mihirakula ko kara denA banda kiyA ho aura isa kAraNa usane bAlAditya para AkramaNa kara diyA ho| isa para saMbhavataH una donoM ke bIca yuddha huA ho aura usameM bAlAditya ne mihirakula ko, jisakI ki zakti yazodharmA ne pahale hI kSIraNa kara dI thI, bandI banA liyA ho| jahAM taka kAzmIra rAjya kA prazna hai, mihirakula ne kAzmIra vijaya pahale hI kara lI thI / usakA rAjya balakha se madhyapradeza taka aura pUrvI bhArata meM kauzAmbI taka phailA huA thA / parantu jaba vaha yazovardhana aura bAlAditya se yuddhoM meM ulajhA rahA aura donoM hI yuddhoM meM parAjita huA to saMbhava hai usa samaya kAzmIra para usI ke dvArA niyata kiye hue zAsaka ne adhikAra kara liyA ho aura kAzmIra meM zaraNa le usane yena kena prakAreNa punaH kAzmIra rAjya para adhikAra kara liyA ho / Page #514 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 jinabhadragari kSamAzramaraNa ke yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM hI vIra ni0 saM0 1069 meM usakI mRtyu ho gaI / kalharaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI meM ullekha hai ki mihirakula ne zrInagara meM mihirezvara mahAdeva kI sthApanA kI aura mihirapura nAmaka nagara basAyA / usa avasara para usane kandahAra ( kandhAra) ke brAhmaNoM ko vipula dAna diyA / anta samaya meM vaha rogagrasta ho gayA aura asahya pIr3A ke kAraNa usane gnipraveza kiyA / isa prakAra kula milAkara 70 varSa taka rAjya kara vaha paMcatva ko prApta huA / 460 456 ] Page #515 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAn ke 31veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI vIra sena janma / / / / / / vIra ni. saM. 1040 dIkSA , , 1075 AcArya pada ,, 1116 svargArohaNa vIra vi. saM. 1132 gRhavAsa-paryAya 35 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu-paryAya 41 varSa prAcArya-paryAya ___ - 16 varSa pUrNa sAdhu paryAya pUrNa Ayu - 62 varSa bha. mahAvIra ke 303 paTTadhara prAcArya zrI jasobhadra svAmI ke svargastha ho jAne ke pazcAt unake sakala vidyA niSNAta, kriyAniSTha evaM zAstrasAra marmajJa vidvAn ziSya zrI vIrasena ko vIra ni. saM. 1116 tadanusAra vikrama saM. 646 meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra AcArya vIrasena vIra prabhu ke 31veM paTTadhara hue / . / Page #516 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 32veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI vIrajasa janma dIkSA prAcArya pada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya - prAcArya paryAya --- pUrNa sAdhu paryAya - pUrNa Ayu vIra ni0 saM0 1103 vIra ni0 saM0 1118 vIra ni0 saM0 1132 vIra ni0 saM0 1146 15 varSa 14 varSa 17 varSa 31 varSa 46 varSa vIra nirvANa saM0 1132 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mala paramparA ke 31veM prAcArya zrI vIrasena ke divaMgata ho jAne para unake uttarAdhikArI pramukha vidvAn ziSya zrI vIrajasa ko usI varSa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 32veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada para AsIna kiyA gyaa| zrI vIrajasa ne 15 varSa kI svalpAyu meM prabhU ke 31veM paTTadhara AcArya vIrasena se paMca mahAvrata rUpa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kara apanI 14 varSa kI sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya meM AgamoM ke sAtha-sAtha vividha viSayoM ke granthoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| muni vIrajasa kI sutIkSNa buddhi evaM Arjava-mArdava vAgmitA, vinaya, bhavya vyaktitva Adi guNoM para mugdha hokara caturvidha saMgha ne unheM 26 varSa jaisI pUrNa yauvana-vaya meM prAcArya pada ke gurutara bhAra ko vahana karane ke yogya samajha kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 32veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM AcArya pada para AsIna kiyaa| Page #517 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 33veM zrI jayasena janma dIkSA AcArya pada svargAroharaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya AcArya paryAya pUrNa sAdhuparyAya pUrNa Ayu paTTadhara prAcArya vIra ni0 saM0 1100 vIra ni0 saM0 1135 vIra ni0 saM0 1146 vIra ni0 saM0 1167 35 varSa 14 varSa 15 varSa 32 varSa 67 varSa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA ke 32 veM paTTadhara AcArya zrI vIrajasa ke svargavAsa ke anantara vIra nirvAraNa saM0 1146 meM prabhu ke 33veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM vidvAn zramaNa zra eSTha zrI jayasena ko catuvidha tIrtha ke zrAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA / zrApane vIra ni0 saM0 1135 se 1167 paryanta 32 varSa taka vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue evaM vIra nirvAraNa saM0 1146 se 1167 taka prAcArya pada ke guruttara kAryabhAra ko saphalatApUrvaka vahana kara jina zAsana kI mahatI sevA kI / Page #518 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 34veM zrI hariSeNa janma dIkSA AcArya pada svargAroharaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya prAcArya paryAya vIra ni0 saM0 1102 vIra ni0 saM0 1140 vIra ni0 saM0 1967 vIra ni0 saM0 1967 38 varSa 27 varSa 30 varSa. 57 varSa 65 varSa prabhu mahAvIra ke 33 veM paTTadhara AcArya jayasena ke svargastha ho jAne ke pazcAt unake ziSya muni hariSeNa ko vIra prabhu ke 34veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM vIra ni0 saM0 1967 meM catuvidha saMgha dvArA prAcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA gayA / pUrNa sAdhuparyAya pUrNa Ayu paTTadhara zrAcArya Page #519 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 26 veM evaM tIsaveM paTTadhara kramazaH zaMkarasena aura jasobhadra ke prAcArya kAla ke samaya ke pramukha grnthkaar| (1) koTTAcArya- inhoMne jina bhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA likhita vizeSAvazyaka kI apUrNa TIkA ko pUrNa kiyaa| inhoMne jinabhadra gariNa se zAstroM kA zikSaNa prApta kiyA thaa| isase adhika inake sambandha meM vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| (2) siMhagariNa (siMhasUra)---inhoMne nayacakra TIkA nAmaka dArzanika grantha kI racanA kii| inakA bhI itanA hI paricaya upalabdha hai| (3) koTyAcArya-ye koTTAcArya se bhinna uttarakAlavartI vidvAn prAcArya the| inhoMne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para TIkA kI racanA kii| ye vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke prAcArya the| Page #520 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ikattIsa (31) yuga pradhAnAcArya zrI svAti ( hArita gotrIya svAti se bhinna) janma dIkSA sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya yugapradhAnAcArya kAla . vIra ni0 saM0 1087 vIra ni0 saM0 1107 vIra ni0 saM0 1107 se 1115 vIra ni0 saM0 1115 se 1167 vIra ni0 saM0 1167 110 varSa, 2 mAsa aura do dina svarga sarvAyu tIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaraNa ke svargastha hone para vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 1115 meM catuvidha saMgha ne Arya svAti ko yugapradhAnAcArya pada para AsIna kiyA / Arya svAti kA nAma umAsvAti bhI upalabdha hotA hai| aneka paTTAvaliyoM meM inheM vAcaka bhI likhA gayA hai / prAyaM svAti kA janma vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1087 meM huaa| vIra nirvAraNa saM0 1907 meM 20 varSa kI avasthA meM Apane zramaraNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1915 se 1167 tadanusAra 82 varSa taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada kA gurutara bhAra vahana karate hue Arya svAti ne jina zAsana kI mahatI sevA kI / 110 varSa, 2 mAsa aura 2 dina kI Ayu pUrNa kara Apa vIra nirvANa samvat 1167 meM svargastha hue / umA svAti ke sambandha meM 'vicAra zre riNa' meM eka gAthA upalabdha hotI hai jo isa prakAra hai : Page #521 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI AcArya ] bArasavAsa saesu, pannAsahiesu vaddhamAraNAyo / cauddasi paDhama paveso pakappiyo sAisUrihiM // arthAt --- pannAsahiesuM yAni vIra nirvANa ke bAraha sau (1200) varSa bItane meM jaba 50 (pacAsa ) varSa kama rahe, usa samaya arthAt vIra nirvANa samvat 1950 meM svAti sUri dvArA sarva prathama caturdazI ke dina pAkSika pratikramaNa karane kI paripATI prArambha kI gaI / [ 463 'ratnasaMcaya' grantha meM isase kucha bhinna nimnalikhita gAthA upalabdha hotI hai : vArasavAsa saesa purNima divasAtro pakkhiyaM jeNa / cAuTsI paThavesu pakappio sAhisUrihi // arthAt vIra nirvAraNa se 1200 (bAraha sau ) varSa pazcAt sAhi sUri ne pAkSika pratikramaraNa pUrNimA se haTAkara caturdazI ke dina pracalita kiyA / umAsvAti aura ye svAti bhinna-bhinna haiM / eka nahIM / isase adhika jAnakArI inake sambandha meM upalabdha nahIM hotI / Page #522 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ thArapadragaccha zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 343 paTTadhara prAcArya zrIhariSeNa ke prAcAryakAla meM hArilagaccha ke pAMcaveM paTTadhara bhAcArya baTezvara sUri hArila gaccha kI hI upazAkhA svarUpa thArapada gaccha ke saMsthApaka the| solaMkI paramAra rAjA thirapAla dhra va ne vi0 saM0 101 meM tharAda nAmaka nagara bsaayaa| isI nagara meM candrakula ke hArila gaccha ke prAcArya baTezvarasUri ne thArapadra nAmaka eka gaccha kI sthApanA kii| tharAda prathavA thArapadra nagara meM isa gaccha kI sthApanA kI gaI thI isalie baTezvara sUri dvArA saMsthApita yaha gaccha loka meM thArapadragaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta humaa| . hArila vaMza athavA hArila gaccha kI paTTAvalI meM yugapradhAnAcArya hArilasUri aparanAma harigupta sUri athavA haribhadrasUri ko isa gaccha kA prathama prAcArya batAyA gayA hai / unake pazcAt kramazaH devaguptasUri, zivacandragaNi praura yakSadatta gaNi ko hArilasUri kA dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha paTTadhara batAyA gayA hai| hArila gaccha kI paramparA meM baTezvara kSamAzramaNa ko hArila gaccha kA pAMcavAM prAcArya batAyA hai| hArila gaccha ke cauthe prAcArya yakSadatta ke nAga, vRnda, mammaDa, durga, agni zarmA aura baTezvara ye 6 pramukha ziSya the| ina 6 ke atirikta unake aura aneka ziSya the| prAcArya yakSadattagaNi kSamAzramaNa ne apane upari nAmAMkita chahoM vidvAn ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada pradAna kiye| unake ina chahoM ziSyoM meM vaya kI dRSTi se baTezvara sabase choTe the| prAcArya pada prApta karane ke pazcAt nAga baTezvara prabhRti chahoM prAcArya apane gurudeva kI pAzAnusAra apane-apane zramaNasamUha sahita vibhinna kSetroM meM jainadharma kA pracAra karate hue vicaraNa karane lge| prAcArya baTezvara vicaraNa karate hue pArapadra nagara meM paaye| vahAM unhoMne apane upadezoM se aneka bhavyoM ko dharma mArga para sthira kiyaa| pranekoM ko samyaktava kA boSa pradAna kara samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyagcAritra meM prAsthAvAn bnaayaa| svalpa samaya meM hI baTezvarasari ke bhaktoM kI saMkhyA meM prAzAtIta vRddhi huii| apane bhaktoM ke anurodha para saMgha kA sucArU rUpa se saMcAlana karane ke lie unhoMne pArapatra nagara meM pArapadragaNya kI sthApanA kii| Page #523 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bora sambat 1000 se uttaravartI mAcArya ] [ 465 isa navIna gaccha kI sthApanA ke pazcAt AcArya baTezvara ne tharAda, umarakoTa-jo usa samaya AkAzavapra ke nAma se vikhyAta thA, prAdi aneka kSetroM meM jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke sAtha-sAtha aneka jinamandiroM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| baTezvarasUri bar3e hI zAnta aura saumya prakRti ke prAcArya the| apane pratibhAzAlI prabhAvaka vyaktitva maura vANI kI mAdhurI ke kAraNa ve una sabhI kSetroM meM, jahAM-jahAM unhoMne vicaraNa kiyA, bar3e hI lokapriya ho gye| unhoMne antastalasparzI upadezoM se vibhinna kSetroM ke aneka bhavya prANiyoM ko dharma-mArga para mArUr3ha evaM sthira kiyaa| prAcArya baTezvarasari ke paTTadhara ziSya kA nAma tatvAcArya aura prapadRghara prAcArya kA nAma udyotana sari thaa| inake praziSya udyotanasUri ne "kuvalayamAlA" nAmaka eka utkRSTa koTi ke grantha kI racanA kI, jo prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA aneka zatAbdiyoM se bar3A lokapriya grantha ratna rahA hai| udyotanasari ke gurubhrAtA yakSa mahattara ke eka mahAtapasvI pramukha ziSya kRSNarSi ne kAlAntara meM kRSNarSigaccha kI sthApanA kI, jo hArila gaccha kA hI upagaccha athavA prazAkhA rUpI gaccha mAnA gayA hai| isa thArapada gaccha kI eka prazAkhA ke rUpa meM vi0 saM0 1222 meM pippalaka gaccha kI utpatti huii| thArapadra gaccha meM aneka prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiN| isa gaccha ke vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke eka prAcArya vAdivaitAla viruda se vibhUSita zAnti sari ne uttarAdhyayana satra para TIkA kI racanA kii| prAcArya zAntisari dvArA racita uttarAdhyayana vRtti aneka gUr3ha tattvoM ko samIcInatayA bar3I sugamatA se samajhA dene vAle pratIva rocaka evaM zikSAprada dRSTAMtoM evaM hRdayasparzI kathAnakoM se prota-prota hai / inake svargArohaNa kAla ke sambandha meM paTTAvalI samuccayakAra ne likhA hai : vikrama SaNNavatyadhika sahasra 1066 varSe zrI uttarAdhyayanasUtravRttikRt thArapadrIya gacchIya vAdi vaitAla zrI zAntisUri svargabhAk / ___ inhIM vAdi vaitAla zAntisUri ke sambandha meM dharmaghoSasUri ne dussamAsamaNasaMghathayaM kI pravacUri meM likhA hai : vallabhIsaMghakajje, ujjamino jugapahANatullehi / gaMghavvavAivepAla, saMtisUrihiM bahulAe / arthAt-vallabhI para saMkaTa ke samaya vAdivaitAla zAnti sUri ne eka yugapradhAna prAcArya ke samAna vallabhI ke saMgha ke hita sAdhana ke lie ati kaThora parizrama ke sAtha aneka ullekhanIya kArya kiye / Page #524 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa - bhAga 3 isa pravacUri ke racayitA dharmaghoSa vi. saM. 1327 se 1357 taka arthAt 30 varSa taka prAcArya pada para raha kara svargastha hue| yahAM eka bAta vicAraNIya hai, vaha yaha hai ki vallabhI kA antima bhaMga athavA antima patana aneka itihAsavidoM ne vi. saM. 845 ke lagabhaga anumAnita kiyA hai aura zAntisari kA svargavAsa vikrama saM. 1066 meM haa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM apane svargastha hone se 251 varSa pUrva hue vallabhI bhaMga se prapIr3ita vallabhI ke saMgha kI kisI prakAra kI sahAyatA kI ho, isa bAta kI to kalpanA taka bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| yaha saMbhava ho sakatA hai ki vikrama saM. 1050 se 1066 ke bIca kI avadhi meM vallabhI ke jaina saMgha para kisI prakAra kA saMkaTa AyA ho aura usa saMkaTakAla meM vAdivaitAla zAnti sari ne vallabhI ke saMgha kI sahAyatArtha kaThora parizrama kiyA ho| vikrama kI 615, bhAdrapada zuklA 5 budhavAra, svAti nakSatra meM, jisa samaya nAgaura meM gvAliyara ke mahArAja Ama ke pautra mahArAja bhojadeva kA rAjyakAla thA usa samaya thArapadragaccha ke prAcArya jayasiMha sari (kRSNaSi ke ziSya) ne apanI 18 gAthAtmaka dharmopadeza mAlA aura usa para 5778 zloka pramANa svopajJa vRtti kA nirmANa kiyA / vatti kI prazasti meM unhoMne thArapadra gaccha ke saMsthApaka baTezvarasari se prArambha kara svayaM taka kI apane gaccha (thArapadragaccha) kI pAvalI dI hai| usa pAvalI meM jayasiMhasari ne baTezvarasUri ko devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI sthavirAvalI kA AcArya aura kSamAzramaNa virudadhara batAyA hai| thArapad gaccha ke saMsthApaka prAcArya baTezvara the, isa lie isa gaccha kA aneka sthAnoM para baMTezvara gaccha aura thArapadra gaccha ina donoM nAmoM se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| Page #525 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjanaitika sthiti kalabhroM dvArA sampUrNa tamila pradeza para adhikAra 'periyapurANa', velvIkuNDI ke dAnapatra aura tricanApallI se do mAila kI dUrI para avasthita seNDalAI (purAnA nAma cendraledhAI caturveda maMgalam) ke abhilekha se, (jo TI. e. gopInAtha dvArA sena tAmila ke vAlyUma saM06 meM prakAzita kiyA gayA), bauddha granthoM meM upalabdha kalabhra kula ke acyutavikrAnta sambandhI ullekhoM, tamila sAhitya kI uttarakAlIna kathAnoM aura tamila ke dasavIM zatAbdI ke jaina vaiyAkaraNa amita sAgara dvArA kalabhroM ke sambandha meM uddhata kiye gaye gItoM se yaha eka aitihAsika tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki IsA kI chaThI tadanusAra vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM vizAla sainyadala lekara pracaNDa vega se sampUrNa tamila pradeza ko aAkrAnta kara kalabhroM ne pANDya, pallava, cola aura cera - ina cAra zaktizAlI rAjyoM ko naSTa kara diyA jo zatAbdiyoM se tamila pradeza ke vibhinna vizAla bhAgoM para rAjya karate A rahe the / unheM parAjita kara sampUrNa (tamila) pradeza para kalabhroM ne apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara liyaa| periya purANakAra ne Age likhA hai ki una kalabhroM ne tamila pradeza kI dharatI meM Ate hI jainadharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| usa samaya tamiladeza meM jainoM kI saMkhyA agaNita (aparigaNanIya) thii| jainoM ke prabhAva meM Akara una kalabhroM ne zaiva santoM kA saMhAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| unhoMne zaiva devatAoM kI pUjA banda karavA dii| yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki ahiMsA ke dRr3ha upAsaka gine jAne vAle jainoM ne kahIM kinhIM kA saMhAra jaisA kArya kiyA ho, cAhe phira unheM kitanA hI rAjyAzraya prApta rahA ho / samprati evaM khAravela ke samaya bhI aisA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| isa sambandha meM itihAsajJoM se Age zodha kI apekSA hai| 'periyapurANam' ke ina vivaraNoM ko par3hane se pratyeka pAThaka ko aisA AbhAsa hotA hai-mAnoM svayaM jainoM ne hI kalabhroM ko tamila pradeza meM isa abhiprAya se Amantrita kiyA ho ki unake dharma kI sthiti tamila pradeza meM aura adhika sudRr3ha evaM sazakta ho jaay| kalabhroM dvArA tamila pradeza para AkramaNa, madurA ke pANDyarAja kI kalabhroM dvArA parAjaya, cola, cera aura pallavoM ke rAjyoM para kalabhroM dvArA adhikAra-isa pUre ghaTanAcakra ke sambandha meM uparilikhita periyapurANama Adi ke ullekhoM ke prati rikta aura koI ullekha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| Page #526 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 468 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 seNDalei (cendraleghaI) ke jisa uparyullikhita abhilekha ko zrI TI. e. gopInAtha rAva ne sena tamila ke volyUma saM0 6 meM prakAzita karavAyA hai, vaha seNDalei grAma ke 'mInAkSI sundarezvarAra' nAmaka zaiva mandira ke stambhoM para bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se uTTa kita hai| ina stambhoM ke sambandha meM zrI gopInAtha rAva kA abhimata hai ki vastutaH ye stambha kisI anya mandira ke stambha the, saMbhavataH pUrvakAla meM ye kisI silvana devI ke mandira ke stambha hoN| ina stambhoM para 'perampigu muttarAiyana' nAmaka rAjA aura usake uttarAdhikArI rAjAoM ke nAma uTTa kita haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : 1. perampiDugu muttarAyana prathama-apara nAma kuvAvana mAran / usakA putra :2. llaMgovati eraiyana-aparanAma-mArana paramezvaran, usakA putra :3. perampiDugu muttarAiyana dvitIya, aparanAma-suvarana mAran 4. zrI mAran 5. zrI kalvarakalvana, 6. zrI zatrukesarI 7. zrI kalabhrakalvana 8. zrI kalvakalvan sa kalvakalvana ke sthAna para kahIM-kahIM paNDAram bhI hai| inakI mArana aura nendumArana ina upAdhiyoM se yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki ye pANDyoM ke vijetA the| ukta abhilekha meM ullikhita rAjAoM ke prAge kalvarakalvana, kalabhrakalvana aura kalvakalvana-ye tIna upAdhiyAM uTTaGkita haiM, una tInoM kA eka hI artha hotA hailUTeroM ke luTere, athavA rAjAoM ko lUTane vaale| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki velvikuNDI ke dAnapatra meM jina kalamroM kA ullekha hai, ve vAstava meM kalvara athavA kallAra the / kalvara zabda bhI dekhA jAya to kalabhra zabda kA hI dUsarA rUpa hai kyoMki kannar3a bhASA meM 'bha' ko 'ba' par3hA jAtA hai| jaba una kalabhroM ne pANDya rAjya para vijaya prApta kara use kucha samaya ke liye apane adhikAra meM kara liyA to isa vijaya ke upalakSa meM kalabhra rAjAoM ne 'muttArAina' kI upAdhi dhAraNa kara lI / 'muttArAina' zabda kA eka artha to hotA haiM 'tIna rAjyoM athavA tIna dharatiyoM ke svAmI' aura dUsarA artha hotA hai 'motiyoM ke svaamii|' ina rAjAoM dvArA dhAraNa kI gaI 'suttArAina' upAdhi kA yahAM pahalA artha hI upayukta pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki velvikuNDI-dAnapatra ke ullekhAnusAra Page #527 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 466 unhoMne cola, pANDya aura cera ina tIna dezoM arthAt ina tIna rAjyoM ko jItA thaa| pUrvakAlIna sAhitya meM deza zabda rAjya ke artha meM bhI prayukta hotA rahA hai| uttarakAlIna. tamila kathAsAhitya se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki kalabhroM ne cola, cera aura pANDya ina tInoM hI zaktizAlI rAjyoM ke rAjAmoM ko yuddha meM parAsta karake tamila pradeza para apanA adhikAra sthApita kara liyaa| kalabhroM ke AkramaNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa cola rAjya pUrNataH naSTa ho gayA aura coloM ke dvArA sthApita sundara prazAsanika vyavasthA bhI samApta ho gii| coloM dvArA saMsthApita prazAsanika vyavasthA meM sthAnIya svazAsanAdhikAra ko bar3A protsAhana diyA gayA thA para sAtha hI samagra prazAsanika vyavasthA para kendra kA sudRr3ha aura sabala niyantraH, bhI rahatA thaa| kalabhroM dvArA tamila pradeza para kiye gaye isa adhikAra ke sambandha meM periyapurANa meM jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, usameM yaha nahIM batAyA gayA hai ki ye kalabhra kauna the aura kisa prAnta se prathavA kisa rAjya se Aye the, isa sambandha meM kevala itanA hI ullekha hai ki ve loga baDuga karNATaka loga the / isase kucha vidvAnoM kA yaha anumAna hai ki kalabhra karNATaka tathA Andhra pradeza ke nivAsI the / tricanApallI jile meM, vartamAna kAla meM muttArAira haiM, jo sAdhAraNa bhUsvAmI haiM / Andhra pradeza meM ve mutturAjakkala ke nAma se abhihita kiye jAte haiN| melura tAlluka meM jo muttArAina haiM ve ambalakArana kahe jAte haiM aura unakI jAti kallAra hai| __ kalabhroM ke sambandha meM ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para nizcita rUpa se to yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ve prAndhra pradeza se pAye the athavA karNATaka pradeza se, athavA ve tamila pradeza ke hI nivAsI the| para yaha to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki kalabhra dakSiNa bhArata ke hI nivAsI the| itihAsa ke katipaya mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ne, digambara paramparA ke darzanasAra nAmaka kevala 51 gAthAnoM ke choTe se kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa grantha kI gAthA saM0 24 se 28 meM variNata dravir3a saMgha kI vi0 saM0 526 (vIra ni0 saM0 666, tadanusAra I. san 466) meM madurA meM utpatti kI ghaTanA ko lekara jainoM dvArA hindunoM kI pratispardhA meM naye sAhityika saMgama kI sthApanA kI kalpanA kara lI hai / isa kalpanA ke mAdhAra para unhoMne apanA abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki isa prakAra naye sAhityika saMgama kI sthApanA se hinduoM aura jainoM ke hRdayoM meM paraspara manomAlinya uttarottara abhivRddha hotA hI gyaa| madurA meM dravir3a saMgha ke nirmANa ke thor3e samaya pazcAt hI kalabhroM ne tamita pradeza ke cola, cera aura pANDya ina tInoM rAjAoM ke rAjyoM para AkramaNa kara una para adhikAra kara liyaa| Page #528 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 470 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vastusthiti vAstava meM isase nitAnta bhinna hI hai| darzanasAra meM kevala dravir3a saMgha hI nahIM apitu jainoM meM samaya-samaya para zvetapaTa saMgha, yApanIya saMgha, kASThA saMgha, mAthura saMgha Adi vibhinna ikAiyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hue jaina saMgha ke hI bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM, AmnAoM athavA zAkhA-prazAkhAmoM ke prAdurbhAva. kA varNana hai / vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga sabhI dharmoM ke bhedabhAba kI bhAvanA se rahita uccakoTi ke vidvAnoM ke jo saMgama Ayojita kiye jAte rahate the aura jinameM sarvotkRSTa grantha---racanAmoM ko usa saMgama kI ora se mAnyatA pradAna kI jAtI thI, usa kAra ke saMgama se madurA meM hue dravir3a saMgha kA koI sambandha nhiiN| jaina zramaNa ke laye paramparA se jo kArya varjanIya mAne gaye haiM, vajranandi ne apane pakSa ke zramaNoM ko unameM se katipaya kArya karane kI anujJA pradAna kI, arthAta jaina zramaNa kI dinacaryA ke kaThora AcaraNIya kAryoM se katipaya meM chUTa dii| vaha koI deza ke coTI ke vedvAnoM kI mahAn kRtiyoM ke guNAvaguNa prAMkane ke liye Amantrita vidvadvaryoM kA saMgama nahIM apitu pahale se hI aneka ikAiyoM meM vibhakta hue jaina saMgha meM eka aura phUTa utpanna karane vAlA katipaya sAdhuoM kA sammilana mAtra thA, jisameM nimnalikhita ghoSaNAeM kI gaI :-- bIjoM meM koI jIva nahIM hotaa| prAsuka, sAvadya athavA gahIkalpita Adi ko hama nahIM maante| kRSi, vANijya Adi se sAdhu apanA poSaNa kare aura zItala jala se snAna kare / isameM koI doSa athavA pApa nahIM hai| __ tamila bhASA ke prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM sarvaprathama sthAna para 'tiru kurala' aura dUsare sthAna para 'nAlaDiyAra' kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| nAlaDiyAra meM 'muttarAyara' ke nAma se kalabhroM kA bar3e Adara evaM sammAna ke sAtha do sthAnoM para ullekha kiyA gayA hai / yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki tamila pradeza para apanA adhikAra sthApita kara lene evaM cola, cera evaM pANDya ina tIna zaktizAlI rAjyoM ke svAmI bana jAne ke pazcAt kalabhroM ne yaha muttarAyara upAdhi dhAraNa kii| nAlaDiyAra ke pada athavA chaMda saMkhyA 200 meM kala bhroM kI dAnazIlatA kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA gayA hai -- "tIna bhUmiyoM arthAt tIna zaktizAlI rAjyoM ke svAmI bar3I hI udAratApUrNa prasannatA ke sAtha peTa bhara cAvala aura svAdiSTa bhojana logoM ko dete haiM / vastutaH ve (tIna bhUmiyoM ke svAmI) mahAn haiN|'' isI prakAra nAlaDiyAra ke chandobaddha pada saMkhyA 266 meM kalabhroM ko tIna miyoM ke svAmI ke nAma se smaraNa karate hae kahA gayA hai -- "ve loga vAstava meM garIva athavA kaMgAla hI haiM, jo apAra sampatti ke svAmI dikhate hue bhI logoM ko (anna, vana Adi ke rUpa meM) kucha bhI nahIM dete| tIna zaktizAlI rAjyoM ke svAmI muttarAyara (kalabhra) vastutaH aise sampattizAlI mAnava haiM, jinakI sampatti kA koI pArAvAra nhiiN|" Page #529 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa-veSa-zAstra evaM prAcAra-vicAra ] . [ 471 isa nAlaDiyAra kI racanA ke sambandha meM paramparA se yaha dhAraNA athavA mAnyatA calI A rahI hai ki apane kSetroM meM duSkAla kI sthiti utpanna ho jAne para 8000 jaina zramaNa, jaba taka unake kSetroM meM duSkAla kA prabhAva kama nahIM huA taba taka pANDya rAjya kI rAjadhAnI meM rahe / duSkAla kI samApti ke pazcAt jaba unake kSetroM meM pUnaH sabhI bhAMti kI sUkhada sthiti utpanna ho gaI to ve 8 hajAra jaina sAdhu apane pradeza kI ora lauTane ke lie udyata hue| pANDyarAja una vidvAna jaina sAdhuoM kI satsaMgati se bar3A prabhAvita ho cukA thA aura aba vaha isa prakAra ke mahApuruSoM kI satsaMgati se vaMcita nahIM rahanA cAhatA thA, ataH jaba use jJAta huA ki ve 8 hajAra jaina zramaNa svadeza kI ora lauTa rahe haiM to pANDyarAja ne unheM svadeza lauTane kI anumati pradAna nahIM kii| katipaya dinoM ke antarAla ke pazcAta una sabhI zramaNoM ne apane-apane Asana ke nIce tAr3apatra para eka-eka padya likhakara rakha diyA aura ve saba rAtri ke aMdhakAra meM nagara se bAhara nikalakara svadeza kI ora prasthAna kara gaye / una zramaNoM ke cale jAne kI bAta sunakara pANDyarAja bar3A kruddha huA aura usane usI samaya jahAM ve 8 hajAra muni itane samaya taka rahe the, usa sthAna kI rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke dvArA talAzI lI, jisameM unheM ve 8 hajAra patra mile jina para 8 hajAra chandabaddha padya likhe hue the| una patroM ko lekara rAjapuruSa apane svAmI kI sevA meM upasthita hue| pANDya nareza ne apane adhikAriyoM ko AjJA pradAna kI ki una saba patroM ko tatkAla vaigAI nadI ke pravAha meM bahA diyA jAya / pANDya rAja ne jaba yaha dekhA ki 8 hajAra patroM meM se 400 patra nadI ke pravAha kI viparIta dizA meM bahane lage aura dhIre-dhIre nadI ke usa taTa kI ora bahate hue, jisa taTa para ki rAjA, rAjyAdhikArI evaM prajAjana khar3e the, bhUmi para prA lage haiM, to pANDyarAja ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| usane una chaMdoM meM kisI alaukika zakti kA camatkAra jAna kara una saba patroM ko ekatrita krvaayaa| tadanantara eka grantha ke rUpa meM unakI aneka pratiyAM likhvaaii| yahI grantha una ajJAtanAmA zramaNoM dvArA racita nAlaDiyAra ke nAma se prasiddha hayA / nAlaDiyAra ke saMbaMdha meM isa prakAra kI paraMparAgata mAnyatA ke atirikta yaha bhI spaSTa rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki 400 chaMdobaddha padyoM aura 40 adhyAyoM vAle isa nAlaDiyAra grantha ke katipaya chanda madurA ke adhyAtmaniSTha zramaNoM dvArA madurA para kalabhroM ke zAsanakAla meM banAye gaye haiM / tIna zaktizAlI rAjyoM ke svAmiyoM ke rUpa meM nAlaDiyAra ke do chandoM (chanda athavA padya saMkhyA 200 se 266) ke kalabhroM kA ullekha isa bAta kI sabala sAkSI ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| isase yaha siddha hotA Page #530 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 472 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 hai ki nAlaDiyAra jisa samaya vartamAna rUpa meM lipibaddha kiyA gayA, usa samaya madurA para kalanoM kA rAjya thA / ' kalanoM kA tamila pradeza para anumAnata: prarddha zatAbdI taka zAsana rahA / kaDuMgona nAmaka madurA ke pANDya rAjA ne eka ghora se tathA dUsarI ora se kAMcIpati pallava rAja siMha viSNu ne sainika dRSTi se suniyojita DhaMga se kalanoM para prAkramaNa prArambha kiye aura unhoMne eka kar3e saMgharSa ke pazcAt kalanoM kI sattA ko samApta " karane meM saphalatA prApta kI / kalanoM ke zAsana ko samApta karane ke anantara bhI kAMcIpati pallavarAja siMha viSNu ne santoSa nahIM kiyA / usane apane rAjya kI sImAmroM kA kAberI taka ke sampUrNa bhUbhAga ko jItakara kAverI taka usakA vistAra kiyA / use aneka bAra pAMDyarAja kaDuMgona aura zrI laMkA ke zAsaka ke sAtha bhI saMgharSa karane par3e / aneka sainika abhiyAnoM meM nirantara saphalatA prApta karane ke pazcAt siMha viSNu ne avanisiMha kI upAdhi dhAraNa kii| mAmallapuram ( mahAbalIpuram ) meM jo bhagavAn varAha kI guphA hai, usa guphA meM siMha viSNu tathA usake putra maheMdravarman ke citra, ubharI huI nakkAzI meM citrita, zrAja bhI vidyamAna haiM / pallavarA siMha viSNu ne vIra ni. saM. 1902 se 1127 taka kAMcI ke siMhAsana se rAjya karate hue apane rAjya ko sudRr3ha aura zaktizAlI bnaayaa| siMha viSNu viSNubhakta thA / kintu usakA putra mahendravarman ( prathama ) jainadharmAvalambI thA / & vIra ni. saM. 1927 meM maheMdravarmana ( prathama ) kAMcI meM pallavoM ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna huaa| vaha bahumukhI pratibhAtroM kA ghanI kuzala rAjya nirmAtA, kavi evaM saMgItajJa thA / usameM usake pitA ke samAna hI rAjya vistAra kI lAlasA thI. naura usane uttara meM kRSNA nadI ke taTa se bhI zrAge taka apanI rAjya sImAnoM kA vistAra kiyA / tamila pradeza meM jaina dharma ke zatAbdiyoM se cale A rahe varcasva para vAtaka prahAra karane vAlA zaiva mahAsanta tiruzrappara isakA na kevala samakAlIna hI thA prapitu usakA guru bhI thaa| appara ke saMsarga meM Ane ke pazcAt kAMcIpati pallavarAja mahendravarman ne jainadharma kA parityAga kara zaiva dharma aGgIkAra kara liyA / tiru appara ke samakAlIna zaiva mahAsanta jJAnasambandhara ke camatkAroM se prabhAvita hokara madurA kA rAjA sundara pANDya bhI jaina dharma kA parityAga kara zaiva " sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma, ema. esa. rAmAsvAmI ayyaMgara eNDa bI. zerpA giri rAva ema. e. vijayanagara, pRSTha 86 Page #531 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 473 dharmAvalambI bana gayA thA / sundara pANDya ke tIna aura nAma upalabdha hote haiM, pahalA nedumAra, dUsarA kuna pANDyana aura tIsarA kubja pANDya / jisa prakAra pallavarAja mahendravarmana (prathama) (kAMcipati) aura kun pANDyana, nedumArana apara nAma sundara pANDyana (madurA kA pANDya rAjA) ye donoM samakAlIna the, usI prakAra zaiva mahAsanta jJAnasambandhara paura zaiva mahAsanta tiru appara-ye donoM zaiva saMta bhI samakAlIna the| inameM jJAnasambandhara svalpajIvI' aura appara dIrghajIvI anumAnita kiye jAte haiN| prappara aura jJAnasambandhara ko tamila pradeza meM zaiva dharmakrAnti ke sUtradhAra tathA pallavarAja mahendravarmana (prathama) evaM madurA ke pANDya mahArAjA sundara pANDya (kuna pANDyana) ko unake sakriya prabala poSaka athavA prasAraka samajhA jAtA hai| pallavarAja mahendravarmana (prathama) kA zAsanakAla vikrama saM0 657 se 687 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1127 se 1157 taka kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai, jo ki lagabhaga nizcita sA hI hai| tiru jJAnasambandhara ne sundara pANDya ko apanA parama bhakta banA kara apane nirdezana meM usake pAdeza se sarvaprathama madurA meM 5000 jaina sAdhuoM ko dhAnI meM pilavA diyaa| isI prakAra tiru appara ne kAMcipati pallavarAja mahendravarman (prathama) ko apanA dRr3ha anuyAyI banA kara jainoM kA sAmUhika rUpa se balAt dharma parivartana krvaayaa| tiru prappara zava santa banane se pahale na kevala eka agragaNya jainAcArya hI the apitu pATalipuram (vartamAna tiruppapuliyu-tiru palhiripuram) nagara ke jaina muniyoM ke maTha ke pradhAna bhI the| isa rUpa meM ghara ke bhedoM ko jAnane vAlA vyakti yadi ghara ko ujAr3ane ke liye udyata ho jAya to sAdhAraNa ghara kI to bAta hI kyA laMkA jaise abhedya sudRr3ha durga vAlI laMkA nagarI ko bhI dekhate hI dekhate dharAzAyI karavA sakatA hai- isa lokokti ke anusAra zaiva santa banane ke pazcAt tiru appara jaina dharma ke liye sarvAdhika ghAtaka siddha hue| ina donoM santoM ke jIvana vRtta evaM unake dvArA jaina dharma para kiye gaye ghAtaka prahAroM ke sambandha se Age vistAra ke sAtha prakAza DAlA jaaygaa| vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva taka jaina dharma tamila pradeza kA pramukha, sazakta evaM bahujanasammata dharma rahA kintu madurA ke rAjA sundara pANDya aura kAJcI ke pallava rAja mahendravarmana (prathama) ke zAsana kAla meM isa para saMkaTa ke bAdala maMDarAne lage / vastutaH dakSiNApatha meM jaina saMgha para yaha eka ghAtaka prahAra thaa| isa prahAra se dakSiNa meM jainadharma kI aisI apUraNIya kSati huI ki jisakI pUrti lagabhaga 13 zatAbdiyoM ke prayAsoM ke uparAnta bhI prANa taka nahIM ho pAI hai| 'hisTrI eNDa kalcara praoNpha dI iMDiyana pipula vAlyUma 3, peja 330 tIsarI prAvRtti san 1970 bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI dvArA prakAzita / Page #532 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina dharma dakSiNApatha meM saMkaTApanna sthiti meM gaMga, kadamba, rASTrakUTa aura hoysala ( poysala ) - ina cAra rAjavaMzoM ke paricaya meM batAyA jA cukA hai ki zatAbdiyoM taka jainadharma ko pramukha prazraya dene vAle ina rAjavaMzoM ke rAjAoM, rAniyoM, pradhAnAmAtyoM, daNDanAyakoM, sAmantoM, zramAtyoM aura prAyaH sabhI vargoM ke prajAjanoM dvArA jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra evaM utkarSa kI dizA meM kiye gaye vividha AyAmI kAryoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jainadharma kI gaNanA dakSiNa ke pramukha dharmoM meM kI jAne lagI aura usakA prAyaH sabhI dakSiNI pradezoM meM, rAjyoM meM IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa taka pUrNa varcasva rahA / " etadviSayaka pUrva meM kiye gaye jaina saMhAra caritam aura periyapurANa ke ullekhoM se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki tamila pradeza meM jJAnasambandhara, appara Adi zaiva santoM dvArA zaivadharma ke pracAra-prasAra evaM prabhyudaya ke liye prArambha kI gaI dharmakrAnti ke samaya bhI jainadharma dakSiNApatha kA bahujanasammata aura sarvAdhika varcasvazAlI dharma thA / apane isa varcasvakAla meM jaina AcAryoM, zramaNoM aura vidvAnoM ne tamila, telugU, kannar3a Adi dakSiNa kI bhASAoM meM aneka anamola evaM apratima grantharatnoM kI racanAeM kara vahAM ke nivAsiyoM meM jJAna ke cahu~mukhI prasAra ke sAthasAtha dakSiNApatha ke sAhitya ko sadA sarvadA ke liye samRddha banA diyA / sarasvatI kI isa utkaTa upAsanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa sampUrNa dakSiNApatha meM jaina muniyoM ko jJAna kA pratIka mAnakara sarvatra unakI yazogAthAeM gAI jAne lgiiN| una gAI jAne vAlI yazogitikAoM ke padoM meM se eka pada isa prakAra hai 1. savaNaM balapaMgole gAMDivi bilgole balavirodhi vajraGgole dAnavaripu cakraMgole kauravAri gadegole poNarkegAvaM nitvaM // arthAt -vidyA ke kSetra meM jJAna ke kSetra meM jaina muni ke samakSa kauna khar3A raha sakatA hai ? jisa prakAra arja una ke gANDIva dhanuSa uThAne para, indra ke vajra uThA lene para, viSNu ke cakra uThAne aura In fact a close study of Indian religious movements particularly those in the Peninsula, would reveal that for nearly four centuries, second to the beginning of the seventh century Jainism was the predominant faith. ( sTaDIja ina sAutha iMDiyana jainijma, rAmAsvAmI ema. esa. ayyaMgara likhita ) Page #533 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 475 bhIma ke gadA uThA lene para unake samakSa koI khar3A nahIM raha sakatA, usI prakAra jaina muni dvArA lekhanI uThA liye jAne para usake samakSa saMsAra kA koI vyakti nahIM Thahara sktaa| isa prakAra adhikAdhika lokapriya hotA huA jaina dharma jisa samaya cahuMmukhI utkarSa ke patha para agrasara ho rahA thA, usa samaya IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM zaiva santoM ne tamilanADu ke pANDya rAjya kI rAjadhAnI madurA aura pallava rAjya kI rAjadhAnI kAMcI meM zaiva dharma ke pracAra-prasAra kA abhiyAna claayaa| usa samaya jainadharma kA dakSiNa meM varcasva hone ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM jana-jIvana ke stara ko Upara uThAne vAle janakalyANakArI kAryoM meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke sarvAdhika sakriya yogadAna ke phalasvarUpa jaina dharma bahujana sammata evaM sarvAdhika lokapriya banA huA thaa| zaiva santoM ne anubhava kiyA ki jaba taka jaina dharma ke varcasva ko, usakI lokapriyatA ko samApta nahIM kara diyA jAtA, unheM apane lakSya kI pUrti meM saphalatA nahIM mila sktii| jaina dharma ko apane abhIpsita lakSya kI pUrti meM bAdhaka samajha kara unhoMne sarvaprathama jaina dharma para prahAra karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| kintu madurA aura kAMcI ke jaina saMgha sugaThita evaM sazakta the aura unheM rAjyAzraya bhI prApta thaa| aisI dazA meM jaina dharma ko jar3a se samApta karane kI bAta to dUra rahI, use kisI prakAra kI hAni pahuMcAnA bhI usa samaya bar3A dussAdhya kArya thaa| zaiva santoM ne ise susAdhya banAne ke liye sarvaprathama yena kena prakAreNa rAjasattA ke apane pakSa meM karane kI socii| madurApati sundara pANDya jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| kintu usakI rAnI (cola rAjaputrI) aura pANDyarAja kA pradhAna mantrI- donoM hI zaiva the| prasiddha zaiva santa jJAna sambandhara ne sundara pANDya kI rAnI aura pradhAnamantrI ke sAtha samparka sthApita kiyA / mantraNA karate samaya sundara pANDya kI rAnI ne upAya sujhAte hue kahA :"guruvara ! pANDya rAja kI kamara meM ghUba. (kUbar3a) kI granthi ubhara Ane ke pariNAmasvarUpa ve kubar3e ho gaye haiN| unakI kamara pUrI taraha jhaka gaI hai| isa kAraNa ve sadA cintita aura du:khI rahate haiN| yadi Apa kisI auSadhopacAra se ' (ka) DA0 ke. e. nIlakaNTha zAstrI ne kAMcI ke rAjA mahendravarmana kA zAsanakAla I0 san 600-630 mAnA hai| isase isake samakAlIna kubja pANDya, appara, jJAnasambandhara aura zaivoM ke hAthoM jainadharma para Aye saMkaTa kA bhI IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke Asa-pAsa kA samaya nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa, pR. 126 (kha) ke. vI. subrahmaNyam evaM rAmAsvAmI ayaMgara bhI ise IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kI ghaTanA mAnate haiM / (mIDievala jainijma, bI. e. seleTora, pR. 275) Page #534 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 476 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 athavA mantra tantra ke camatkAra se unakI kamara sIdhI kara sakeM to apanA abhIpsita kArya zranAyAsa hI siddha ho sakatA hai / " kucha kSaraNa vicAra ke pazcAt jJAnasambandhara ne kahA :- "mujhe vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAn zaMkara ke kRpAprasAda se yaha kAma to maiM kara dUMgA / " rAnI ne harSAvaruddha kaNThasvara se kahA :-' apanA kAma siddha ho gayA / " - "guruvara ! to samajha lIjiye ki kucha kSaNa vicAramagna rahane ke anantara pANDya rAjarAnI ne kahA - "mere mastiSka meM eka bar3I sundara yojanA AI hai| maiM prAja hI mahArAjA se nivedana karUMgI ki jaina sAdhu bar3e hI pahuMce hue aura aneka prakAra kI siddhiyoM se sampanna hote haiM / Apake rAjya meM unake rahate hue prApakA yaha roga dUra nahIM ho sake, ApakI kamara uttarottara adhikAdhika jhukatI hI jAya, yaha na hamAre liye zobhAspada hai aura na unake liye hI / ataH kala prAtaH kAla hI unheM yahAM rAjasabhA meM bulavA kara kahA jAya ki ve apanI tapa kI adbhuta siddhiyoM kI, athavA mantra-tantra Adi camatkAroM kI zakti lagAkara ApakI kamara ko sIdhI kara deM / " apanA kathana prArambha rakhate hue rAnI ne apane guru jJAnasambandhara se kahA :" merA vizvAsa hai ki mahArAja roga se mukti pAne ke liye una jaina sAdhunoM ko zravazyameva bulAyeMge aura roga se mukti dilAne kI unase prArthanA bhI kreNge| para ve aisA koI camatkAra karane meM samartha nahIM ho sakeMge / isase pahale ki jaina sAdhu kucha kaheM, maiM rAjA, rAjasabhA aura una jaina sAdhuoM ke samakSa spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha bAta rakha dUMgI ki jo dharmaguru rAja-rAjezvara pANDrAja ko isa roga se mukti dilAyegA, vahI pANDyarAja aura usakI prajA kA dharmaguru aura unakA dharma hI sabakA dharma hogA / pANDyarAja apane isa asAdhya roga se chuTakArA pAne ke liye bar3e hI dhAtura haiM ataH ve tatkAla isa paraNa (zarta) ko saharSa svIkAra kara leMge aura isa taraha pANDyarAja ko zaiva dharmAvalamlI banA liye jAne ke pazcAt sampUrNa pANDya rASTra meM prApako yathepsita rUpa se zaiva dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane meM kisI prakAra kI kaThinAI nahIM zrAyegI / hamAre samakSa karaNIya kArya yahI hai ki pANDyarAja kisI prakAra prApake hAtha se hI rogamukta hoM / " mahArAnI dvArA sujhAye gaye upAya ko apane kArya kI siddhi kA pramogha upAya mAnate hue zaiva santa jJAnasambandhara ne kahA :- "Apa vizvAsa rakhiye ki yaugikI kriyA ke mAdhyama se maiM pANDyarAja ko isa asAdhya mAne jA rahe roga se jIvana bhara ke liye mukta kara duuNgaa|" rAnI ne bar3I hI caturAI ke sAtha apanI yojanA ke kriyAnvayana hetu apane pati se nivedana kiyA - "svAmin ! bhAMti-bhAMti ke upacArAdi karavAye jAne ke Page #535 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 477 uparAnta bhI ApakA yaha roga zAnta nahIM huA, balki aura bhI ugra rUpa dhAraNa karatA jA rahA hai / yaha hamAre liye bar3I cintA kA viSaya banA huA hai| aba hameM isake liye dharma kI zaraNa grahaNa karanI cAhiye / yahI eka mArga bacA hai / kala prAtaHkAla hI dharmaguruoM ko bulAkara unase prArthanA kI jAya ki ve apanI AdhyAtmika zakti dvArA, apane tyAga-tapa ke bala para athavA kisI bhI prakAra kI alaukika siddhi ke pratApa se athavA camatkArAdi se kisI bhI prakAra ho, Apako rogamukta kara pUrNa svastha banA deN|" "pANDya rAjarAjezvarI ! tumhArA yaha prastAva paramopayogI hone ke sAthasAtha vastutaH bar3A prazaMsanIya hai| isa prakAra kI vyavasthA to hameM isa roga ke prAdurbhAva kAla meM hI kara lenI cAhiye thI / astu, kala avazya aisA hI kreNge|" - yaha kahate hue sundara pANDya ne prAtaH kAla sAdhuoM ko sasammAna rAjasabhA meM nimantrita karane kA nirdeza sambandhita adhikArI ko diyaa| dUsare dina prAtaH kAla rAjasabhA meM jaina sAdhu upasthita hue| mahAmantrI ne unase prArthanA kI ki ve kRpA kara apane viziSTa vijJAna athavA vidyAbala se pANDyarAja ke roga kA samUla nAza kara deN| mahArAnI ne bhI jaina muniyoM se nivedana kiyA-"bhagavan ! Apa rAjaguru haiM / saba siddhiyAM ApakI caraNa dAsiyAM banI huI pApakI AjJA kA pAlana karane ke liye prati pala tatpara rahatI haiN| kRpA kara Apa apane siddhibala ke camatkAra se mere svAmI ko pUrNa rUpeNa svastha kara deN| rAjarAjezvara ke rogagrasta hone ke kAraNa svaya mahArAja, samasta prajAjana aura hama saba ciMtita haiN| mahArAja ko rogamukta karane ke prayAsa meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kamI na raha jAya, isaliye hama sava aura svayaM pANDyarAja kI ora se yaha paNa (zarta) rakhA gayA hai ki jo dharmaguru pANDyarAja ko isa roga se mukta kara degA vahI rAjaguru hogaa| rAjaguru hone ke kAraNa sarvaprathama Apako yaha avasara diyA jA rahA hai| Apake asaphala rahane para anya ko avasara diyA jaaegaa|" periyapurANa ke ullekhAnusAra sarva prathama jaina muniyoM ne pANDyarAja ko rogamukta karane ke liye mantra-tantra Adi sabhI prakAra ke upacAroM kA prayoga kiyA kintu unako saphalatA prApta nahIM huii| antatogatvA zaiva santa jJAnasambandhara ko grAmantrita kiyA gayA aura paraNa ko sunAne ke pazcAt unase bhI yahI prArthanA kI gaI ki ve apanI alaukika gakti se pANDyarAja ko usa asAdhya roga se mukti dilAeM / Page #536 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 478 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 3 jJAna sambandhara ne prAzutoSa zaMkara ke dhyAna ke sAtha rAjA ko rogamukta karane ke prayAsa prArambha kiye aura saba ke dekhate-dekhate hI jhukI huI kamara vAle pANDya nareza ko pUrI taraha sIdhA khar3A kara pUrNataH rogamukta karate hue unheM kubja pANDya se sundara pANDya banA diyaa| sundara pANDya ne paNa (zarta) ke anusAra roga se mukti dilAne vAle jJAnasambandhara ko apanA dharmaguru banAte hue svayaM ne bhI vidhivat zaivadharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| sundara.pANDya ko jainadharmAvalambI se zaivadharmAvalambI banA lene ke pazcAt rAjA aura prajAvarga ke mana para jJAnasambandhara kA paryApta prabhAva pdd'aa| jJAnasambandhara ne poNDyarAja kI mahArAnI (colarAjaputrI) aura pANDyarAja ke mahAmantrI ke sAtha mantraNA kara jaina muniyoM ko apane dharma kI mahAnatA siddha karane kI cunautiyoM para cunautiyAM dI aura apanI pakSadhara rAjasattA ke bala para paNapUrvaka jainoM ke sAtha camakArika dvandva kiye / una dhArmika dvandvoM meM janoM ko parAjita kara periya purANa evaM jana-saMhAra caritam prAdi zaiva sAhitya ke ullekhAnusAra madurA meM 5000 jaina zramaNoM ko sundara pANDaya ko prAjJA se pAnI meM pilavA diyA gyaa| isa taraha jJAnasambandhara ke nidezana meM zavoM ne jaina maThoM aura jaina mandiroM ko naSTa karanA aura jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko balAt dharmaparivartana kara zaiva banAnA prArambha kiyaa| udhara appara nAmaka zaiva santa ne pallavarAja mahendravarmana ko jaina se zaivadharmAvalambI banA kara usake sahayoga se kAMcI meM jJAnasambandhara ke samAna hI sAmUhika saMhAra, balAt sAmUhika dharmaparivartana, maTha-mandira-vasadi prabhRti jaina . dharmasthAnoM ke vidhvaMsana Adi ke rUpa meM jainadharmAvalambiyoM para aneka prakAra ke atyAcAra karane prArambha kiye| ina sabakA pariNAma yaha huA ki bahuta se jaina prANa bacAne ke liye madurA aura kAMcI nagara se bhAga kara anyatra cale gye| pIche rahe jainoM meM se adhikAMza ko balAt zaivadharmAvalambI banA diyA gayA aura jina logoM kI dharma para aTTa prAsthA thI aura jo dharma ko prANoM se bhI priya mAnate the una jainoM ko ina donoM zaiva santoM ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA gyaa| jaina dharma para yaha eka aisA prahAra thA, jise dhArmika viplava kahA jA sakatA hai| isa dhArmika viplava se jaina dharma kI, tamilanADa meM sadiyoM se gaharAI se jame hue jaina saMgha kI apUraNIya kSati huI jisakI pUrti lagabhaga 13 zatAbdiyoM kI sudIrgha kAlAvadhi ke vyatIta ho jAne para bhI adyAvadhi nahIM ho pAI hai| Page #537 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 476 periyapurANa, sthalapurANa Adi zaiva sAhitya meM tamilanAr3a se jainadharma ko samUla ukhAr3a pheMkane ke liye zaivoM dvArA kiye gaye isa dhArmika abhiyAna kI saphalatA kA zreya tiru jJAnasambandhara, tiru appara, sundara pANDya kI rAnI aura usake pradhAnamantrI ko diyA gayA hai| zaiva santoM ne, mukhyataH jJAnasambandhara ne apane isa dhArmika abhiyAna meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa sahAyatA dene vAlI sundara pANDya kI rAnI ko aura sundara pANDya ke pradhAnamaMtrI ko 63 bhahAn zaiva santoM kI paMkti meM pramukha sthAna diyA hai| tiru jJAnasambandhara ke camatkAroM se prabhAvita sundara pANDaya aura tiru appara se prabhAvita hue pallavarAja mahendravarmana kI sahAyatA se lagabhaga eka hI samaya meM zavoM dvArA jaina zramaNoM evaM jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM kA madurA aura kAMcI meM jo sAmUhika saMhAra evaM balAt sAmUhika dharma parivartana kiyA gayA tathA jainoM ke mandiroM, maThoM, vasadiyoM evaM anyAnya dhArmika kendroM ko naSTa-bhraSTa kiyA gayA aura jainadharmAvalambiyoM para aura bhI aneka prakAra ke atyAcAra kiye gaye, isa saba ghaTanAcakra ko kevala kiMvadantiyAM athavA zaiva purANakAroM kI korI kalpanA kI ur3Ana athavA atizayoktipUrNa vivaraNa mAnane se inkAra karate hue DA0 vinsenTa smitha ne ina vivaraNoM ko aitihAsika tathya prakaTa karane vAle vivaraNa mAnA hai| ina ghaTanAoM ko aitihAsika ghaTanAeM mAnane ke apane abhimata kI puSTi meM DA0 vinsenTa smitha ne madurA ke vizAla mInAkSI mandira kI dIvAroM para citroM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye ina ghaTanAoM ke vivaraNoM ko prabala pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / madurA ke mInAkSI mandira kI dIvAroM para aura dakSiNa ke bar3ebar3e mandiroM ko dIvAroM para una atyAcAroM kI smRti dilAne vAle citroM ko DA0 vinsenTa smitha ne isa tathya kI sabala sAkSI mAnA hai ki zava sAhitya meM upalabdha madurA aura kAMcI meM zaivoM dvArA kiye gaye jainoM ke saMhAra ke vivaraNa vastutaH aitihAsika vivaraNa haiN| DA0 vinsenTa smitha ke isa abhimata ko uddhata karate hue esa0 kRSNasvAmI ayyaMgara ne apane itihAsa grantha sama kanTrIbyUzansa Apha sAutha iMDiyA TU iMDiyana kalcara ke caipTara 15 meM likhA hai 1. Both the queen and the minister are counted among the sixty three canonical devotees. (sama kanTrIvya zansa Apha sAutha iMDiyA TU iMDiyana kalcara, kRSNa svAmI ayyaMgara ema. e. pI.-eca. DI. likhita caipTara 13) Page #538 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 480 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 "The story has it that the whole body of Jains were impaled by order of the monarch at the instigation of the saint. The late Dr. Vincent Smith has so far gone in accepting this story as embodying a bistorical incident that he regards it as one of the genuine though exceptional instances of persecution for religion. He relies principally upon the evidence of a painting of this incident on the walls of the great temple at Madura. It is not only on the walls of the temple at Madura, but in all the bigger Siva Temples of the South the representation of this story is found. The historicity of this incident will have to depend upon the particular date at wbich the painting or even a stone representation of this incident, was set where it is. When once the hagiologists set the fashion by giving currency to these stories, it is not difficult to understand that they passed into popular currency, and in the representation of various 'Lilas' of Shiva or Vishnu (performance of miracles in sport) or any other God, these would naturally figure. This position is most clearly illustrated in the revovation of temples carried out by the class of Natbukottai Chettis at the present time. Whether pictures of these already existed or not, such representations, as constituted one of the 'Lilas' of Shiva are made by them without sacredotal impropriety. It does not require much interval of time even, as we have already stated, that a lithic representation of the performance of EKANTADA Ramayya is found built in a temple constructed at a period following close upon the age of this Ramayya." labdhapratiSTha itihAsakAra sva pI. bI. desAI ne zaiva santoM tiru jJAnasambandhara aura appara ke netRtva meM tAmilanADa ke jainoM ke viruddha calAye gaye ghAtaka abhiyAna meM sundara pAMDya aura maheMdravarmana pallavarAja kI sahAyatA se jainoM para jo atyAcAra kiye, una ghaTanAoM ko aitihAsika tathya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue bhI periya-purANa, sthala-purANa tathA zaiSoM ke anya sAhitya meM jisa rUpa meM ina ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai use atiraMjita aura atizayoktipUrNa mAnA hai| jainoM para zavoM dvArA kiye gaye atyAcAroM ke sambandha meM zrI pI. bI. desAI ne likhA hai : "As it was the doom of the faith in other parts of India, Jainism had to encounter formidable opposition in its carrier in the Tamil Country also. This was in the period of the seventh and eightth centuries A.D. to start with; and its opponents were the champions of the Shaivite and Vaishnavite faiths of the Brabmanical religion. Almost simultaneously, under the leadership of Appar Page #539 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 481 and Sambandhar, the advocates of the Shaivite School launched ruthless attacks against the adherents of the Jain Law and earned signal success in the Pallawa and Pandya Kingdoms. The Pallawa king Mahendravarman I and the Pandya ruler Marwarman or Sunder Pandya became converts to the Brahmanical faith. This must have dealt a severe blow to the cause of the Jain religion. Jain Law was challenged; Jaina philosophy was questioned, Jain religions practices were diverted everywhere. Polemics were raised, disputations were held between the supporters of rival creeds regarding their superiority, proofs were demanded; and some times even ordeals and miracles were resorted to. The elated victors backed by the authority of the State indulged in violent activi. ties. The vanquished were pursued and persecuted. The accounts of the persecution of the Jains given in the Periyapuranam and other literary works of the Brahmanical School present a highly coloured and exaggerated picture of the times. Still it must be a fact that the Jains met with ibiquities and maltreatment at the hands of their intolerant opponents. The scenes of these persecutions are found sculptured on the walls of the temple at Tiruvattur in the North Arcot District. Similar scenes are depicted in the form of painting on the wall of the manlapam of the Golden Lily Tank of the famous Minakshi Temple at Madura."9 zrI desAI dvArA diye gaye uparilikhita tathyoM para vicAra karane se to spaSTa rUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki periyapurANa, sthalapurANa evaM zaida sAhitya ke anya granthoM meM jaina zramaNoM evaM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke sAmUhika saMhAra ke sAtha-sAtha balAtdharmaparivartana prAdi ke jo vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM, ve madurA aura kAMcI ke zAsakoM aura zaivasantoM kI abhisandhi se hae avazya haiM / para jahAM taka periyapurANa prAdi ke etadviSayaka vivaraNoM meM atizayokti kA evaM atiraMjana kA prazna hai, vaha vastutaH vicAraNIya hai| periyapurANa Adi zava granthoM meM vidyamAna ullekhoM meM isa bAta para sarvAdhika bala diyA gayA hai ki tamilanAr3a meM jainoM ke sAmUhika saMhAra se pahale jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA agaNita thI, ativizAla thii| jaina dharmAnuyAyI, vizeSataH jaina zramaNa-jainAcArya rAjAoM, amAtyoM, rAjyAdhikAriyoM aura prajA ke prAyaH sabhI vargoM para pUrNarUpeNa chAye hue the, sarvatra jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA hI varcasva dRSTigocara hotA thaa| 1 jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA eMDa sama jaina ipigrAphsa-pI. bI. desAI likhita-peja 81-82 Page #540 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 482 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa... bhAga 3 zaiva sAhitya meM upalabdha ina vivaraNoM para vicAra karane se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki ina sAmUhika saMhAra aura balAtdharmaparivartana kI ghaTanAoM se pUrva jaina dharma saMkhyA, kSetra vistAra, varcasva sammAna Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se tamilanAr3a kA eka zaktizAlI aura bahujanasammata pramukha dharma thaa| saMkSepa meM yadi yaha kaha diyA jAya ki usa samaya tamilanAr3a kI bhUmi meM jaina dharma kI jar3eM bahuta gaharI pahuMca gaI thIM, to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| periyapurANa meM varNita jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI tamilanADa meM hue sAmUhika saMhAroM aura balAtdharmaparivartana se pUrva kI sthiti kI tulanA meM vahAM jainoM kI vartamAna sthiti para vicAra kareM to pratyeka vicAraka ko donoM meM prAkAza-pAtAla jitanA antara dRSTigocara hogaa| kahAM to sAmUhika saMhAra se pUrva tamilanADa meM jainoM kI agaNita saMkhyA, aura kahAM Aja tamilanAr3a ke mUla nivAsI jainoM kI 14 hajAra jaisI nagaNya saMkhyA aura vaha bhI anyatra kahIM nahIM, kevala nArtha prAkaTa jile meM / isa para se pratyeka niSpakSa vicAraka svataH isa niSkarSa para pahuMcegA ki vahAM jainoM kA saMhAra vAstava meM itanA bhISaNa evaM hRdaya vidAraka thA jisake sAmane koI bhI zaiva sAhitya meM kiyA gayA isa sambandhI vivaraNa phIkA hI lagegA / yadi aisA nahIM hotA to zatAbdiyoM se gaharI jar3a jamAyA huA sarvAdhika lokapriya aura vahujana sammata jaina dharma apane sudRDha samajhe jAne vAle gar3ha madurA evaM kAMcI se, isa prakAra lupta nahIM ho paataa| dharmAndhatA se unmatta logoM dvArA kiye gaye apane pratidvandvI dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ke isa prakAra ke bhISaNa sAmUhika narasaMhAra ke vivaraNa itihAsa ke patroM meM Aja bhI upalabdha haiM / prAMdhrapradeza meM zrIzailama para avasthita mallikArjana mandira ke mukhya maNDapa ke dakSiNI evaM vAma pArzva ke stambhoM para saMskRta bhASA meM umra kita samvat 1433 kI mAgha kRSNA caturdazI, somavAra ke zilAlekha meM zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke bhISaNa saMhAra kA vivaraNa Aja bhI dekhA va paDhA jA sakatA hai / usa zilAlekha meM liMgA nAmaka eka vIra zaivoM ke nAyaka dvArA mandira ko kI gaI aneka bheMToM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha usakI isa bAta ke liye prazaMsA kI gaI hai ki usane (aneka) zvetAmbara sAdhunoM ke sira apanI talavAra se kATa kara unheM mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA / nAyaka liMgA dvArA kiye gaye zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke nRzaMsa saMhAra ko ukta zilAlekha meM eka pavitra kArya batAyA gayA hai|' isase aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki tiru jJAna sambandhara aura tiru appara ke tatvAvadhAna meM tamilanADa meM zAsakoM kI sahAyatA se jo jainoM kA sAmUhika saMhAra kiyA gayA thA, usI se preraNA lekara vIra zaivoM ke mukhiyA liMgA ne bhI apanI talavAra se zvetAmbara jaina sAdhuoM ke sira kATe hoN| 1 epigrAphikA inDikA, jilda 5 pIpI 142 epha. epha. Page #541 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 453 tevAram ke mAdhyama se tiru jJAnasambandhara aura tiruappara ne jaina zramaNoM ke pracaNDa virodha ke sAtha unake viruddha jana-jana ke mana meM jisa prakAra ghora ghaNA phailAne ke prayAsa kiye, unase bhI anAyAsa atIta meM kiye gaye una atyAcAroM kI vibhISikAoM ke romAMcakArI dRzya hamAre sAmane upasthita ho jAte haiM, jo appara Adi zaiva santoM dvArA jainoM ke viruddha phailAI gaI tIvra ghaNA ke pariNAmasvarUpa zaivoM dvArA tamilanADa meM jainoM para kiye gye| jainoM ke viruddha ghaNA phailAne vAle tevAram ke una padoM para Age diye jAne vAle jJAnasambandhara ke paricaya meM prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| __ zaiva sAhitya meM upalabdha isa viSayaka adhikAMza vivaraNa camatkAra pradarzana kI dizA meM atizayoktiyoM aura upamAlaMkAroM se aotaprota hai| adhikAMzataH prazikSita athavA arddhazikSita bhakta samudAya ke mAnasa para apane dharma kI evaM dharmaguruoM kI mahAnatA kI chApa aMkita karane ke lie una vivaraNoM meM camatkArapUrNa alaMkArika atizayoktiyoM ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai / madurA ke sthalapurANa ke Anemalei, nAgamalei aura pazumalei ye tIna vivaraNa isa dRSTi se paThanIya evaM mananIya haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : madurA nagara ke pAsa uparyukta tIna nAmoM ko tIna pahADiyAM haiM, jinakA prAkAra dhyAnapUrvaka dekhane para kramaza: hAthI, nAga aura gAya ke AkAra se milatA-julatA pratIta hotA hai / yaha kahane kI to koI AvazyakatA nahIM ki kramazaH hAthI nAga aura gAya ke AkAra kI madurA ke pAsa-par3osa kI ye tInoM pahAr3iyAM purAtana evaM prakRti kI kRtiyAM haiN| kintu sthala purANa meM ina pahAr3iyoM ko uparivaNita zaiva-jaina saMgharSa kAla kI zaivoM ke camatkAra se utpanna huI pahAr3iyAM batAyA gayA hai| prAnaimalei pahAr3I ke sambandha meM sthalapurANa meM ullekha hai ki eka bAra kaMjIvaram ke jaina zramaNoM ne madurA ke nivAsiyoM ko jaina dharmAvalambI banAne ke liye apane kAle jAdU ke prabhAva se eka ati vizAla parvatAkAra hAthI banAkara pUre madurA nagara ko dhUlisAt karane ke liye madurA kI ora bhejA / madurA ke rAjA ne apanI aura apane nagara kI rakSA ke lie ziva se prArthanA kii| ziva ne tatkAla vahAM prakaTa ho eka hI bAraNa ke prahAra se usa hAthI ko mArakara dharAzAyI banA diyaa| vahI niSprANa huaA hAthI pAnaimalei pahAr3I ke rUpa meM madurA ke pArzva meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| apane prathama kAle jAdU ko isa prakAra dharAzAyI huprA dekha una jaina sAdhuoM ne apane kAle jAdU se eka ati vizAla kAlA viSadhara banAkara Page #542 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 484 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- bhAga 3 madurA ko naSTa karane ke lie bhejaa| use bhI ziva ne eka hI zara ke prahAra se dharAzAyI kara diyaa| nAgamalei pahAr3I jainoM ke kAle jAdU ke kAle nAga kI hI avazeSa mAtra hai| tadanantara jaina sAdhuyoM ne apane kAle jAdU ke prabhAva se gau (sAMDa vRSabha) utpanna kara madurA kI ora bhejaa| pinAkapAriNa ziva kI kRpA se eka hI bANa ke prahAra se niSprANa ho vaha vRSabha bhI mara gayA jo pazumalei pahAr3I ke rUpa meM Aja bhI maduraI ke pAsa eka ora vidyamAna hai / ' uparokta vivaraNoM se pAThaka kI yaha dhAraNA bananA svAbhAvika ho sakatA hai ki usa dhArmika viplava ke pariNAma svarUpa jainadharma apane zatAbdiyoM ke sudRr3ha gar3ha tamilanAr3a se usa samaya prAyaH lupta hI ho gayA hogaa| parantu vastusthiti isase bhinna hI rhii| ina sAmUhika saMhAroM ke ghAtaka prahAroM ke uparAnta bhI usa samaya aura usase uttaravartI kAla ke aise aneka pramANa upalabdha hote haiM, jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ina atyAcAroM ke cAra-pAMca zatAbdiyoM pazcAta taka bhI, vallimalai (vandivAza tAlluka), uttarI ArkATa jilA, tirukkuraNDI, (salema jile) meM sthita tagdUra (dharmapurI), trAvanakora ke katipaya bhAgoM, cola rAjya, pANDyarAja, ToNDaimaNDalam uttarI ArkATa jile ke vilappAkam, tirumalaI, uttarI ArkATa jile kA veDAla-viDAla athavA mAdevI arindamaNDalam, koyambatUra jile ke bhuDigoNDakolapurama, veraNabuvalanADu ke kumbanUra, zattamaMgalam ke devadAna nAmaka grAma, nelara jile ke kanuparatipADu Adi tamilanADa ke anekoM kSetroM meM jaina dharma khUba phalatA-phalatA rahA / inameM se aneka sthAna jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke usa saMkrAnti-kAla se uttaravartI kAlAvadhi ke pramukha kendra the| punaH eka bar3I rAjazakti ke rUpa meM udita hae cola zAsana ne jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke prati sahAnubhUtipUrNa madhura vyavahAra karanA prArambha kiyA / tamilanAr3a meM sthAna-sthAna para jainoM ke dharmasthAnoM aura jainadharma ke kendroM ko grAma, bhUmi, sampatti Adi ke dAna vipUla mAtrA meM diye gye| isase jainadharma tamilanAr3a meM zaivoM ke prahAroM se pahale kI sthiti meM bhale hI nahIM pA sakA kintu phira bhI usane apanI sthiti ko paryAptarUpeNa apekSAkRta sudRr3ha kiyA / ' jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA eNDa sama jaina ipigrAphsa pI. bI. desAI likhita-peja 62 2 mainyuala Apha pudu koTTAI sTeTa, vAlyUma 2, pArTa 1. peja 574-7 va 687-8 Page #543 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ delA mahattara (delA sUri) vikrama kI 7vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caturtha bhAga meM aura vIra nirvANa kI 11vIM zatAbdI meM delA sUri mahattara nAmaka eka mahAna prAcArya hara haiN| ye jina zAsana prabhAvaka mahAvAdI aura vidvAn munipa zrI sUrAcArya ke ziSya tathA durgasvAmI aura "upamiti bhavaprapaJca kathA" nAmaka mahAn AdhyAtmika grantha ke racanAkAra zrI sirSi ke guru the / zrI siddharSi ke ullekhAnusAra ye nivRtti kula ke prAcArya the| ye jyotiSazAstra ke apane samaya ke AdhikArika vidvAna the| nivRtti kUla kI vizeSatA hai ki isameM avicchinna aneka paTraparamparAoM taka uccakoTi ke vidvAna aura jinazAsana prabhAvaka prAcArya hote rahe / delAsUri mahattara ne lATa pradeza meM aneka varSoM taka vicaraNa kara aneka bhavyoM ko pratibodha dete hue jaina dharma kA ullekhanIya pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| inake aneka ziSyoM meM se durga svAmI aura siddharSi ina do vidvAn ziSyoM ne nivRtti kula kI kItti digdiganta meM prasRta kara dii| durgasUri apane gRhastha jIvana meM vipula sampadAoM ke svAmI the| delAcArya ke upadeza sunakara inheM saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura unhoMne tatkAla yuvAvasthA meM hI strI-parivAra aura apAra sampadA kA parityAga kara delAcArya ke pAsa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| ye siSi ke jyeSTha gurubhrAtA the| siSi ne inakA sadA guru ke samAna sammAna kiyaa| aneka varSoM taka saMyama kI pAlanA ke sAtha-sAtha bhavyoM ko dharmamArga para ArUr3ha evaM sthira karate hue Apane jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya sevA kii| - uccakoTi kI vidupI sAdhvI gaNA ApakI hI ziSya thI jisane siddharSi kI amara AdhyAtmika kRti 'upamiti bhava prapaJca kathA' kI prathama prati kA pratIva sundara evaM zuddha rUpa meM Alekhana kiyaa| anta meM saMllekhanA-santhArA pUrvaka Apane bhinnamAla nagara meM samabhAva evaM samAdhi ke sAtha svargArohaNa kiyaa| Page #544 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zaiva mahAsanta tiru jJAna sambandhara kA upalabdha saMkSipta jIvana vRtta zaiva sampradAya kA bhArata ke dakSiNI pradeza tamilanAr3a meM punaruddhAra athavA punarutthAna karane vAle zaiva santoM meM tiru jJAna sambandhara aura tiru appara ke nAma zIrSa sthAna meM Ate haiN| tiru jJAna sambandhara aura tiru appara jisa prakAra dakSiNa meM aura mukhyataH tamilanAr3a meM zaivadharma ke punaruddhAra ke abhiyAna ke sUtradhAra mAne gaye haiM, usI prakAra jainadharma ko gaharI kSati pahuMcAne vAloM ke bhI ye sUtradhAra mAne jAte haiM / inake jIvana ke sambandha meM jo paricaya paryApta prayAsa ke pazcAt prApta hA sakA hai, use yahAM saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : tiru jJAna sambandhara ko zaiva sAhitya meM sthAna-sthAna para jJAna sambandhara mUrti nAyanAra aura sambandhara ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isakA eka aura nAma-pille nAyanAra bhI upalabdha hotA hai| pille nAyanAra kA janma tanjaura jile ke ziyAlI nAmaka grAma ke eka. brAhmaNa parivAra meM haa| jJAna sambandhara dvArA racita tevAram ke katipaya padoM ke AdhAra para katipaya vidvAnoM dvArA anumAna kiyA gayA hai vaha ziruttoMDA apara nAma dabhrabhakta nAmaka eka yazasvI senApati kA parama mitra thA / pallavarAja narasiMhavarmana (mahendravarmana prathama jise appara ne jaina se zaiva banAyA thA, usake putra) ne pazcimI cAlukyoM kI rAjadhAnI vAtApI (bAdAmI) para AkramaNa kara usa para adhikAra kiyA, usa yuddha meM yaha ziruttoMDA dabhrabhakta menApati thA / isa narasiMhavarmana kA zAsanakAla 630 se 668 I0 mAnA gayA hai / DA0 zAma zAstrI ne zodha ke pazcAt yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki jJAnasambandhara aura appara ke sAtha vAdIsiMha nAmaka eka mahAn dArzanika evaM kavi tathA vAdIza (jaina muni) ne zaiva dharma ke guNa-doSa viSaya para vAda-vivAda kiyA thaa| jayadhavalA evaM prAdi purANa ke racanAkAra paMcastUpAnvayI prAcArya jinasena ne vAdIbhasiMha ke guNoM kA kIrtana karate hue Adi purANa meM unakA nimnalikhita rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai : kavitvasya parAsImA, vAgmitasya paraM padam / gamakatvasya paryanto, vAdisiMhI'rcyate na kaiH / / jinasena ne I0 sana 837 meM jayaghavalA TIkA kI racanA pUrNa kii| jinasena ne apane se pUrva hue vAdIbhasiMha ko bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai, isame Page #545 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 487 vAdIbhasiMha kA samaya IsA kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI ke bIca kA anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo itihAsa prasiddha vyakti inake samakAlIna the unake nAma haiM : (1) tiru jJAnasambandhara, (2) sundara pANDya, (3) pallavarAja mahendravarmana, (4) pallavarAjA narasiMhavarmana, (5) pallava senApati ziruttauNDAdabhrabhakta, aura vAdIbhasiMha (apara nAma prAcArya ajitasena aura proDayadeva) / tiru jJAnasambandhara ne madurA meM jainoM kA sAmUhika saMhAra aura dharmaparivartana karavAne ke anantara zaiva dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke sAtha sthAna-sthAna para ghUma-ghUma kara apanI kavitAoM ke mAdhyama se janamAnasa meM jaina sAdhuoM evaM bauddhoM ke prati ghaNA phailAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| una kavitAoM meM se katipaya pada yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM : (1) buddha roDu poriyina samanuma puraMkUri nerInallAra "brahmapura padIkam" arthAt bauddha muni buddhihIna aura jaina muni satya ke badale jhUTha bolane vAle hote haiN| aise loga dharma ke rAste meM kabhI nahIM Tika skeNge| (2) saida avattara mIgu teraragala sAkkiyara meppira pokala allAkada / pravattara moliyai tavira vAragala "tiru pugalara padIkkama'' arthAt ina logoM (bauddhoM aura jainoM) kI arthahIna bAtoM ko loga mAnanA chor3a deMge, kyoMki unakI bAtoM se kisI kArya siddhi kA honA asaMbhava hai| ataH unakI bAteM arthahIna aura kimI bhI kAma ko nhiiN| (3) prAsiyAra moliyAra amana (jaina sAdhu) sAkkiyara allAdavara / "kUDi-kUr3I esI IramilarAya moli saidavara sollai porulennela / " arthAt--apane bhaktajanoM ko bauddha muni aura jaina muni jo pANIpa yUkta vacana bolate haiM, dharma bodha dete haiM, unakI una bAtoM ko koI saca na maaneN| Page #546 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 488 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 3 (4) araikkuraiillAra kuruvadu prAMgu gunam alla / kaMDIra".........""tirukkATuppapallI / / arthAt-kamara para vastra na pahanane vAle jainoM kI bAteM na to guNayukta haiM aura na upayogI hI, yaha bAta sabhI loga acchI taraha se jAna leN| (5) ilai marudealgAga nAruma haru tuvarakAyoDu / (adararaka) sukku tinnuma nilai amandorai nIMgI ninru" (tirumagela padIkam) arthAt-meMhadI lagAkara sundara banAye hae hAthoM meM rakhe adaraka evaM supArI kI kataliyoM se yukta pAna khAne vAle ina jaina evaM bauddha muniyoM se sadA dUra hI rheN| (6) tuDukkuDai kaiyaruma sAkkIyaruma-sAkkIyaruma jAtiyina (sAtiyina) nIMgiya pravattavattavara-tirunallAru padIkama / (aspaSTa) (7) mAseriya uDla saman gurukkala / arthAt - ye maile zarIra vAle jaina muni guru kaise ho sakate haiM / (8) veravandUra mAsUradara vaiilInaru ulalavara-"tiru nannAmale" arthAt-pasIne se tara-batara maile zarIra vAle jaina muni garmI meM idhara se udhara bhaTakate haiN| (9) maMjagaMla saman manDakariyara gunDara guNamiligala "tiru vilImilala" arthAt-ye jaina muni bhikSApAtra dhAraNa karane vAle guNDe haiN| ye. logoM ko kucakra meM phaMsAne ke liye aura sammohita karane ke liye idhara-udhara ghUmane vAle haiN| (10) mattamalI sittara iraimadI illA samanara-"tirunaidAnama" arthAt-mada meM matavAle (ghamaMDa meM cUra) ye jaina muni --- "bhagavAn haiM"-isa bhAvanA se kosoM dUra haiM, arthAt bhagavAn ke astitva ko nahIM mAnane vAle haiN| Page #547 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] / 486 (11) taDukkai uDal iDukkI-talai parikkuma samanara arthAt-zarIra para tAr3a ke pattoM ko lapeTe hue apane sira ke bAloM ko nocane vAle ye jaina muni haiN| (12) pairukka pidama samanara-sIrakAlI arthAt-jisa bAta meM saccAI kA lavaleza mAtra bhI nahIM isa prakAra kI gappeM mArane vAle haiM jaina muni / (13) guMDumudri kUrai inriye piMDam unnuma pirAndara solla kelela-tirupulavUra arthAt--moTe-dhATe evaM nagna (naMga-dhaDaMga) khar3e hokara khAne vAle bauddha kI bAtoM ko kabhI mata maano|' isa prakAra tiru jJAna sambandhara jIvana paryanta zaiva dharma ke utkarSa ke sAthasAtha tamilanAr3a kI dharatI se jaina dharma ke astitva ko miTAne ke liye satata prayAsa karate rhe| tiru appara aura tiru jJAna sambandhara-ye donoM hI zaiva mahAsanta samakAlIna the| ina donoM ke prayAsa se tamilanAr3a meM zavadharma kA pracura pracAra-prasAra huA / tiru appara ne apane jIvana ke antima kAla meM zaiva dharma kA tyAga kara punaH jainadharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| ye pallavarAja mahendra varmana ke samakAlIna sundara pANDya ke guru the, yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai| pallava rAjA mahendravarmana kA rAjyakAla yazasvI itihAsakAra DA0 ke0 e0 nIlakaNTha zAstrI ne I0 san 600630 taka nirdhArita kiyA hai / isase jJAnasambandhara kA samaya bhI IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha svataH pramANita hotA hai / saMta tiru appara kA upalabdha jIvana-vatta apanI yuvAvasthA meM varSoM taka jaina dharma ke eka saMgha vizeSa ke parama sammAnAspada AcArya jaise mahatvapUrNa pada para rahane ke pazcAt zaiva santa banakara tiru appara ne tamilanAr3a meM jainadharma ke sarvatomukhI varcasva ko samApta prAyaH karane aura zaiva dharma kA vyApaka pracAra karane meM jo yugaparivartanakArI kArya kiye, una kAryoM ke sva. bAbAjI zrI jayanta munijI ke saMsAra pakSa ke supautra zrI rekha candrajI caudharI ke saujanya se zrI vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura ko prApta vivaraNa-patra ke AdhAra pr| -sampAdaka Page #548 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 460 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 liye tiru appara kA jaina aura zaiva donoM hI dharmoM ke itihAsa meM sadA sarvadA kramazaH viSAda aura harSa ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA jAtA rhegaa| tamilanAr3a meM jaina dharma para kabhI bhulAye nahIM jAne yogya ghAtaka prahAra kara use nirbala banAne vAle zaiva santoM meM jisa prakAra appara kA nAma zIrSa sthAna para prAtA hai usI prakAra tamilanAr3a meM zaivadharma ko utkarSa ke zikhara para baiThAne vAle zaiva santoM meM bhI appara kA nAma mUrdhanya sthAna para AtA hai| __kAMcipati pallavarAja mahendravarmana prathama jaise kavi, vAgmI aura vijJa jaina dharmAnuyAyI rAjA ko na kevala zaiva dharmAnuyAyI hI apitu jainadharma kA prabala zatru banAkara usase apanI icchAnusAra jainadharmAvalambiyoM para hRdayadrAvaka atyAcAra karavAne vAlA appara kaisA prabhAvazAlI vAgmI aura adbhuta pratibhA kA dhanI hogA, isakA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| pallavarAja mahendravarmana prathama ko yazasvI itihAsavidoM ne eka mahAn rAjya nirmAtA, kavi, lekhaka tathA saMgItajJa mAnA hai / vaha 'matta vilAsa', 'vicitra-citra' evaM 'guNabhAra' jaisI aneka upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita thaa| usane 'matta vilAsa prahasana' nAmaka eka hAsya rasa kI kRti kI bhI racanA kii| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki usakI hAsya rasa kI utkRSTa sAhityika kRti se prabhAvita jainoM ne mahendravarmana prathama ko 'mattavilAsa' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA / apanI usa 'mattavilAsa-prahasana' nAmaka kRti meM mahendravarmana ne isake pAtroM meM pAzupata parivrAjaka, kApAlika, kApAlika kI patnI aura eka bauddha (bhikSa) ko to sammilita kiyA hai kintu kisI jaina zramaNa athavA gRhastha ko usa prahasana ke pAtroM meM sammilita nahIM kiyaa| ise itihAsavidoM ne isa bAta kA eka sabala pramANa mAnA hai ki mahendravarmana jaina thaa| isa prakAra ke viziSTa vidvAna aura dRr3ha AsthAvAn jaina rAjA ko bhI appara ne zaivadharmAnuyAyI banA liyA, yaha appara kI apratima pratibhA kA hI prabhAva thaa| zaiva evaM jaina-donoM dharmoM ke sAhitya tathA zilAlekha Adi meM appara ke jo apara nAma upalabdha hote haiM, ve haiM :--- (1) tiru appara (2) appara (3) tiru nAvukarasara (4) dharmasena (5) tiru nAvukarasara nAyanAra aura vAgIza / tiruvADI, jise tebAram sAhitya aura AdhirAjamAMgalyapura ke zilAlekha meM tiruvADigAI ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai, eka aisA aitihAsika aura Page #549 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 461 rauanslNNI prasiddha nagara hai, jahAM appara ko dharmaparivartana karavA kara jaina sAdhu se zaiva sAdhu banAyA gayA / appara ko jaina sAdhu se zaiva sAdhu banAne meM usa para aneka prakAra ke adbhuta camatkAroM kA prayoga karanA pdd'aa|' antatogatvA jaba appara ko eka camatkAra ke prayoga dvArA asAdhya roga se mukta aura pUrNa svastha kara diyA gayA to usane jaina zramaNadharma kA parityAga kara zaiva dharma aMgIkAra kara liyA jo bar3A hI prabhAvazAlI aura mahAn zaiva santa siddha huaa| - jaina zramaNa se jaba vaha zaiva sAdhu banA usa samaya usakA nAma appara rakhA gayA / appara kI tirunAvUkkarasa arthAt vAgIza (vRhaspati kA paryAyavAcI zabda) ke nAma se bhI prasiddhi huii| jisa samaya vaha jaina sAdhu aura pATalikA (pATalipuram) ke prAcIna jaina zramaNakendra athavA maTha kA AcArya thA usa samaya usakA nAma dharnasena thA / zaiva sAdhu banate hI appara ne pATalikA ke jainasaMskRti ke eka prasiddha kendra ke maTha ko aura mandira ko dhUlisAt kara usake sthAna para "tiru vADigAI" nAmaka eka vizAla zivamandira bnvaayaa| jainavAMgmaya ke adhyayana se saMta tiru appara ke viSaya meM eka tathya prakAza meM prAtA hai ki usane zaiva santa banane se pahale apane jaina zramaraNa-jIvana meM eka aise prAcIna jaina maTha meM jaina zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA jo jaina saMskRti ke adhyayana kA eka pramukha kendra sthala ginA jAtA thaa| Age calakara apanI mahAn pratibhA ke bala para ve usa vidyA-kendra ke prAcArya banAye gye| isa sambandha meM itihAsa ke vidvAnoM aura zodhArthiyoM ko isa bAta kI khoja karane kI AvazyakatA hai ki vastutaH jaina saMskRti kA vaha prAcIna kendra yApanIya paramparA kA kendra thA athavA digambara paramparA kA yA anya kisI paramparA kaa| jaina saMskRti kA vaha prAcIna kendrasthala pANDaya rAjya ke pATalikA nAmaka nagara meM thA, isa bAta ke aneka pramANa upalabdha haiN| zaka saMvat 380 (I0 san 458, tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 685 aura vi0 saM0 515) meM kAMcIpati siMhavarmana ke zAsanakAla ke 20 veM varSa meM pANDayarAjya ke pATalika grAma meM sarvanandi nAmaka jainAcArya ne prAkRta bhASA ke 'lokavibhAga' nAmaka grantha kI racanA sampanna kii| 1 epigrAphI riporTsa, madrAsa, volyUma 5 / 2 vizve sthite ravisute vRSabhe ca jIve, rAjottareSu sitapakSamupetya candre / grAme ca pATalikanAmani pANDyarASTra, zAstraM purA likhitavAnmuni sarvanandiH / / 2 / / saMvatsare tu dvAviMza, kAMcIzasiMhavarmaNaH / prazItyagre zakAvdAnAM, siddhametacchatatraye / / 3 / / (zaka saM. 380) -loka vibhAga, (saMskRta) Page #550 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 462 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pATalikA ko hI vartamAna meM tiruppapuliyura, tiru palhiripuram athavA pATalipUrama ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / pAlikA ke usa prAcIna jaina saMskRti ke kendra (maTha) ke sthAna para hI appara dvArA banavAyA humA tiruvADigAI nAmaka zivamandira aAja vidyamAna hai, yaha epigrAphI riporTsa, madrAsa, volyUma 5 se siddha hai| Aja prAkRta bhASA kA lokavibhAga kahIM upalabdha nahIM hai para usakA siMhasUrarSi dvArA kiyA huaA saMskRta rUpAntara aAja vidyamAna hai / saMskRta lokavibhAga kI prazasti meM eka zloka hai, jo zodhArthI vidvAnoM kA dhyAna apanI ora AkarSita karatA hai ! vaha zloka isa prakAra hai : bhavyebhyaH suramAnuSorusadasi zrI varddhamAnArhatA, yatprokta jagato vidhAnamakhilaM jJAtaM sudharmAdibhiH / prAcAryAvalikAgataM viracitaM tat siMhasUraSiNA, bhASAyA parivartanena nipuNaH sammAnitaM sAdhubhiH / / isa zloka meM "jJAtaM sUdharmAdibhiH" yaha pada vastutaH mananIya hai| kyoMki digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM bha0 mahAvIra kA paTTadhara, bha0 mahAvIra se sampUrNa jJAna grahaNa karane vAlA, usa jJAna ke AdhAra para dvAdazAMgI rUpI samasta jaina AgamoM kA grathayitA aura usa 'AgamajAna kA dUsaroM ko jJAna karAne vAlA gautama ko hI mAnA gayA hai, sudharmA ko nhiiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bha0 mahAvIra kA prathama paTTadhara sUdharmA ko mAnA gayA hai / AcArAMgAdi AgamoM ke sambandha meM yApanIya paramparA kI mAnyatA bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke anurUpa hI hai, yaha yApanIya paramparA ke yatkicita upalabdha sAhitya se nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai / 'lokavibhAga' ke Upara uddhata zloka meM sudharmA ko bha0 mahAvIra se jJAna grahaNa karane vAlA aura sudharmA se hI usa jJAna ke uttaravartI prAcArya paramparA meM cale pAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki prAcArya sarvanandi aura unase do tIna pIr3hI pazcAt hue prAcArya dharmasena (tiru appara) kahIM yApanIya paramparA athavA kisI anya paramparA ke AcArya to nahIM the / yaha prazna zodhArthiyoM ke lie eka mahatvapUrNa zodha kA viSaya hai / AzA hai zodhapriya vidvAn isa para zodhapUrNa prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa avazya kreNge| itihAsavidoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki yApanIya paramparA ke AcAryoM evaM sAdhunoM ke nAma adhikAMzataH pUrvakAla meM nandyanta aura kIrtyanta hA karate the| isa paSTikoNa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue lokavibhAga ke racayitA sarvanandi ke sambandha meM zodha karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| Page #551 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravarttI prAcArya ] [ 463 sarvanandi kA samaya lokavibhAga kI prazasti meM zaka saM. 380, tadanusAra I. san 458 ullikhita hai aura appara ke samakAlIna evaM appara dvArA jaina se zaiva banAye gaye pallavarAja mahendravarmana kA zAsanakAla I. san 600 se 630 mAnA gayA hai / isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki sarvanandi ke pATalikA jaina maTha kA uttaravartI AcArya dharmasena unase do tIna pIr3hI uttaravartI kAla kA lagabhaga 125 varSa pIche kA zrAcArya hogA / appara zaiva santa banane se pahale jaina sAdhu thA aura pATalikA nagara ke jaina maTha kA adhiSThAtA aura jaina saMgha kA prAcArya thA, isakI purAtAtvika pramAraNoM se puSTi hotI hai / appara ke jaina sAdhu hone ke sambandha meM epigrAphI riporTsa, madrAsa, kI jilda 5 kA nimnalikhita aMza pramANa ke rUpa meM yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai: Tiruvadi-The Tiruvadigai of the Devaram literature and the Adhirajamangalya-pura inscriptions, is famous as the place where Appar, originally a Jaina, got converted to the Saiva Creed after many trying spiritual ordeals. The inscriptions of the temple which date from the Pallava King " Nripatunga varman" (A. D. Y to ), The Pallava design of the Linga enshrined in the temple, and the Jaina image which is reported to have been dug out of an adjoining field and which is now placed within the temple compound, bear ample testimony to the antiquity of this village and to its former associations with the Jaina faith. The court religion of the Pallavas before Mahendravarman was won over to the Saiva religion by Appar, other-wise called Tirunavukkaradu Nayanar (Sdt Vagisa). This town like Tirukkoyitur appears to have also been fortified in ancient times. It was also the scene of a battle between the forces of the later Pallava King. Kopperunjiviga and Hoysala Narashimba II (Epigraphica Indica Volume VII Page 260-61 ). Local tradition has it that during one of the inodern Muhammadan or British occupations, the temple Gopura suffered serious damage and was in ruins until repaired about fifty years ago by the head of the local Tirunavukkarasar-Matha, which is a dependency of the Tiruppanandal-Adhimam in the Tanjore district. It is interesting to note that a Tamil Brahman poet of the 9th century, called Uddandavelayudha-Bharati, composed a Kalambagam on the god of the temple and obtained a gift of some land and house site in Saka rys (No. 14 of Appendix B); but it is regrettable that this composition is not cow known to be extant. Page #552 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 464 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -- bhAga 3 hesTigsa ensAiklopIDiyA grApha rilijana eNDa ethiksa meM appara kI jIvanI ke sambandha meM thor3A prakAza DAlate hue batAyA gayA hai ki appara apanI yuvAvasthA meM eka jaina sAdhu thA / apanI praur3ha avasthA meM vaha kaTTara zaiva sAdhu thA aura vRddhAvasthA meM vaha apanI praur3hAvasthA meM svayaM dvArA (zaiva santa ke rUpa meM) kiye gaye AcaraNa para pazcAttApa karatA huA, puna: jaina dharma kA anuyAyI bana gayA / puna: jaina bana jAne ke pazcAt yaha appara kahIM zaiva dharma kA ghora aniSTa na kara baiThe- isa AzaMkA se sazaMka ho zaiva dharmAnuyAyiyoM ne rahasyapUrNa DhaMga se appara kI hatyA kara dI aura eka kAlpanika prAzcaryakArI kathAnaka kI saMracanA kara logoM meM isa prakAra kA samAcAra prasRta kara diyA ki appara ko eka siMha ne mArakara khA liyA hai / vaha siMha anya koI nahIM bhagavAn zaMkara kA garaNa hI thA / bhagavAn jinezvara prathavA zrarhat kI stuti ke rUpa meM appara dvArA tamila bhASA meM racita stotra bhAja bhI jaina dharmAvalambI bhaktoM dvArA bar3I zraddhA evaM prema ke sAtha gAye jAte haiM / appara ke ve stutiparaka padya katipaya aMzoM meM tevAram se milate-julate haiM aura jainoM meM bar3e hI lokapriya haiN| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prappara ne sambhavata: ina lokapriya stutiyoM-stotroM kI racanA apanI prAyu ke antima bhAga meM kI thI / ensAiklopIDiyA meM jo etadviSayaka ullekha hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : Note The Jains give an altogether different version of Appar's life thus : "Appar was a Jain ascetic in his youth, a staunch Shaiva in his middle age and a repented follower of Jainism in his old age. On account of his reconversion to Jainism he was murdered by his Saivite followers lest he should undo by popularising a mysterious story that he was devoured by a tiger which was only a manifestation of Shiva. Certain Tamil hymns in praise of Jina or Arhat are attributed to Appar and are most popularly sung by the Jains even to day. The hymns resemble the Tevaram in many ways perhaps they were sung by Appar during the latter period of his life. ( ensAiklopIDiyA grApha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa haisTigsa likhitapeja 465) appara ne zaiva santa banane se bahuta pahale pATalikA ( pATalipuram ) ke maTha meM jaina zramaraNa dharma kI dIkSA graharaNa kI thI / varSoM taka usa maTha meM rahakara jaina siddhAntoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thA / nizcita rUpa se vaha bar3A medhAvI, vAgmI Page #553 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 465 aura vidvAn zramaNa rahA hogA aura usake una guNoM se prabhAvita hokara jaina saMgha ne unheM pATalipurama ke maTha kA adhiSThAtA aura vahAM ke jaina saMgha kA prAcArya banAyA thaa| dharma saMgha ke saMcAlana kA use pratyakSa aura sakriya anubhava thaa| kina-kina kAryakramoM ko jana-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se hAtha meM lekara janamata ko apanI ora mAkarSita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura una kAryakramoM ke mAdhyama se dharma saMgha ko abhyudaya-utthAna ke patha para agrasara kiyA jA sakatA hai, ina saba bAtoM kA appara ko jainAcArya ke pada para varSoM taka kArya karate rahane ke kAraNa acchA anubhava thaa| zaiva dharma aMgIkAra karane ke pazcAt apane una anubhavoM ke AdhAra para zaiva dharma kI sthiti ko tamilanADu kI bhUmi meM sudRr3ha karane ke liye jaina saMgha dvArA saMcAlita una saba jana-kalyANakArI kAryakramoM ko aura kArya praNAliyoM ko saiddhAntika rUpa se zaiva dharma ke kartavyoM meM sammilita kiyaa| ve jana-kalyANakArI sArvabhauma mAnavIya siddhAnta, jinako appara ne jainoM kA anusaraNa karate hue zaiva dharma ke kartavyoM meM saiddhAntika rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA, ve moTe rUpa meM isa prakAra haiM : (1) jaina dharmAnuyAyI pratidina apane ArAdhyadeva tIrthaMkaroM kI stotroM se sasvara pATha ke sAtha stuti-pUjA-arcA karate haiN| isI kA anusaraNa karate hue appara Adi zaiva santoM ne bhI zavoM ke dharma sthAnoM aura mandiroM Adi meM apane ArAdhya deva ziva kI stuti-pUjA-arcA Adi kA zaivoM ke liye vidhAna kiyaa| (2) jaina dharmAnuyAyI 63 zalAkA (zlAghya) mahApurupoM ke jIvana-caritroM kA gaThana-pAThana karate haiN| appara prAdi zaiva santoM ne bho 63 mahAn zaiva santoM ke jIvana caritroM kA nirmANa evaM saMkalana kiyA aura unake paThana-pAThana, zravaraNadhAvaraNa ko zaiva dharmAvalambiyoM kA prAvazyaka kartavya nirdhArita kara diyaa| (3) jaina dharma meM prAhAradAna, abhaya dAna (prAgAdAna), bhaiSajyadAna aura jJAna dAna athavA zAstra dAna ko mahAna puNyapradAyI aura ucca koTi kA janakalyANakArI kArya mAnA gayA hai| appara Adi zaiva santoM ne bhI apane zaiva dharma ke sArvatrika pracAra-prasAra aura sarvatomugI abhyutthAna ke liye jainoM kA anusaraNa karate hue AhArAbhaya-bhaipajya-zAstra-dAna ko saiddhAntika rUpa se zaivadharma ke pramukha kartavyoM meM sthAna diyaa| (4) jaina dharma meM varNa vyavasthA ke liye kahIM koI sthAna nahIM hai, kevala karma ko hI jaina dharma meM mahatva diyA gayA hai| vaiSNava dharma kI mAnyatAoM ke parNataH pratikUla hote hue bhI "appara Adi zaiva santoM ne jAti-pAMti ko zaiva dharma meM koI sthAna nahIM diyaa|" ise appara Adi zaiva santoM ne na kevala siddhAnta rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA kintu tatkAla jAti-pAMti-vargavihIna zaiva samAja ke siddhAnta ko kAryarUpa meM pariNata kara diyaa| unhoMne parigaNita athavA pradUta ginI jAne vAlI Page #554 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 466 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jAtiyoM aura vargoM ke logoM ko, zaiva dharma saMgha meM samAna stara para sammilita kiyaa| yahI nahIM apitu zaiva dharma meM parama pavitra, parama pUjya mAne gaye 63 mahAn zaiva santoM meM machumA varga ke pratibhakta nAyanAra nAmaka santa ko bhI sammilita kara use mahAn zaiva santoM meM samAna stara kA sthAna aura sarvocca sammAna pradAna kiyaa| appara Adi zaiva santoM kA yaha eka aisA krAntikArI kadama thA, jisane zaiva dharma saMgha ko jana-jana kA parama lokapriya dharma saMgha banA diyaa| (5) eka bahuta bar3A mahatvapUrNa kArya, jise jainAcArya athavA jainadharmAvalambI prAcIna kAla se hI nirantara karate pA rahe the, vaha thA rAjasattA kA - rAjAoM kA saMrakSaNa prApta krnaa| apane dharma saMgha ke uttarottara abhyutthAna ke liye appara Adi zaiva santoM ne isa kArya ko parama Avazyaka mAna kara isa kArya meM bhI jainoM kA, jainAcAryoM kA anusaraNa kiyaa| unhoMne pallavarAja mahendravarmana, pANDyarAja sundara pANDya Adi rAjAroM ko apanI vAgmitA evaM apane camatkAroM Adi se prabhAvita kara apane zaiva dharma saMgha ke utkarSa ke liye, una rAjAoM kA saMrakSaNa prApta kiyaa| zaiva dharma ne rAjyAzraya athavA rAjAnoM kA saMrakSaNa prApta kara apane pratidvandviyoM ko kucala kara apane dharma saMgha ko sabala, sudUravyApI aura bahujana sammata banAne meM kisa prakAra pradbhut evaM pAzAtIta saphalatA, svalpakAla meM hI prApta kara lI, isakA prastuta prakaraNa meM ullikhita tathyoM se sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra jainoM dvArA pUrvakAla meM apanAyI gayI kArya praNAliyoM kA anusaraNa karate hue appara Adi zaiva santoM ne apane lakSya kI pUrti meM ullekhanIya saphalatA prApta kii| jahAM taka appara ke samaya kA sambandha hai, yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki yaha I0 san 600 se 630 taka sattA meM rahe kAMcIpati pallavarAja mahendravarmana prathama kA guru aura jJAnasambandhara, sundarapANDya, pallava senApati ziruttoNDA dabhrabhakta paura jainAcArya vAdIbhasiMha (moDayadeva) kA samakAlIna thaa| ata: isa zaiva mahA santa appara kA samaya bhI IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se lekara isI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke pAsa-pAsa kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| tiru appara ke jIvana kI eka vizeSatA hai ki jaina saMgha meM vaha prAcArya pada jaise gauravagarimApUrNa pada para phuNcaa| kAlAntara meM zaiva dharma aMgIkAra kara zaiva santoM meM bhI zIrSasthAna para pahuMcA aura anta meM punaH jainadharmAvalambI bana gayA aura antatogatvA jina zaivoM ko utkarSa ke ucca zikhara para pahuMcAyA, unhIM ke dvArA usakI hatyA kara dI gii| Page #555 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 467 tira appara aura jJAnasambandhara ke samakAlIna jainAcArya vAvIsiMha apara nAma proDayadeva vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI ke saMdhikAla ke jainAcAryoM meM digambara jainAcArya vAdIbhasiMha kA nAma pramukha granthakAroM meM ginA jAtA hai / jayaghavalA jaise mahAna TIkAgrantha ke yazasvI racanAkAra jinasenAcArya ke AdipurANa meM ullikhita zabdoM ke anusAra vAdIbhasiMha mahAkavi yogya pratibhA kI parAkASThA, ucca koTi ke vAgmI gamakAnuprAsAdAdi ke pAradRzvA aura vAdiyoM ke hastiyUtha ke liye vikarAla kesarI-siMha tulya the| ve apane samaya ke labdhapratiSTha mahAna tAkika bhI the| DA0 zyAma zAstrI dvArA prakAza meM lAye gaye isa tathya ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vAdIbhasiMha ne zavakrAnti ke sUtradhAra zaiva mahAsanta tiru jJAnasambandhara aura tiru appara ke sAtha zaivadharma ke siddhAntoM ke viSaya meM vAdavivAda kiyA thaa|' inakA (vAdIbhasiMha kA) paricaya eka vizeSa aitihAsika mahatva rakhatA hai| ina saba tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vAdIbhasiMha kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| ___ inakA vAstavika nAma proDaya deva thaa| aparAjeya vAdI athavA mahAn tArkika hone ke kAraNa unheM vAdIbhasiMha kI upAdhi se vidvAnoM ne vibhUSita kiyA thaa| .. inakI 'syAdvAdasiddhi', 'kSetracUr3AmaNi' aura 'gadya cintAmaNi'-ye tIna racanAeM vartamAna meM upalabdha haiN| ye tInoM hI grantha vastutaH grantharatna haiN| 'syAdvAdasiddhi' nAmaka nyAya aura darzana ke grantha meM 14 adhikAra haiM kintu isake antima adhikAra meM kevala 6 kArikAeM hI haiM aura zeSa do kRtiyoM kI taraha isameM antima puSpikA kA bhI prabhAva hai| isase spaSTataH hI yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha grantha yA to apUrNa raha gayA hai athavA kisI lipikAra ne isakA pUrA pAlekhana nahIM kiyaa| vAdIbhasiMha kI zeSa 'kSatracUr3AmaNi' aura 'gadyacintAmaNi' ina donoM hI kRtiyoM meM kathAnaka eka hI hai, kathAnAyaka bhI vahI hai aura kathA ke pAtra bhI bhinna nahIM, ve hI haiN| ina donoM kRtiyoM meM kathA, kathAnAyaka aura pAtroM kA sAdRzya hote hae bhI pAThakoM ko ye donoM grantha eka-dUsare se bilkula bhinna pratIta hote haiM, yaha vAdIbhasiMha kI adbhuta kalpanA zakti kA hI camatkAra hai, jo anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| . ema. e. Ara. phora 1925 pI. pI. 12-13 peja 8 Page #556 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 468 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--- bhAga 3 kSatracUr3AmaNi eka ucca koTi kA nIti kAvya hai jisameM sarasa sUktiyAM aura hRdayasparzI upadeza haiN| gadya cintAmaNi eka gadya kAvya hai| isakI bhASA praur3ha aura kucha jaTila hai / isameM diye gaye upadeza ke nIti-vAkya bar3e hI sarasa evaM cittAkarSaka haiM / vidvAna kavi vAdIbhasiMha ne apane guru ke nAmollekha ke sAtha apanA paricaya dete huye gadya cintAmariNa meM likhA hai : zrI puSpasena muninAtha iti pratIto divyo manurha di sadA mama saMvidadhyAt / yacchaktita:prakRti mUDhamatirjano'pi vAdIbhasiMha muni puMgavatAmupaiti / / arthAta--puSpasena nAmaka prAcArya mere guru haiN| unameM aisI divya zakti hai ki unakI usa zakti ke pratApa se mere jaisA buddhihIna vyakti bhI vAdIbhasiMha prAcArya bana gyaa| AcArya puSpasena ko malliSeNa prazasti meM akalaMka kA guru bhrAtA batAyA gayA hai isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki vAdIbhasiMha ke guru puSpasena aura mahAn vidvAn AcArya akalaMka samakAlIna vidvAn the| . jahA~ taka vAdIbhasiMha ke samaya kA prazna hai, kahIM inake nizcita samaya kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inakA jinasenAcArya ne AdipurANa meM aura pArzvanAtha caritra ke racanAkAra vAdIrAja sUri ne smaraNa kiyA hai| jinasenAcArya kA samaya I0 san 837 hai aura vAdIrAja sUrI kA samaya I. . san 1025 hai / isase yaha to nizcita rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki vAdIbhasiMha IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI se pUrva ke vidvAn the| tiru jJAnasambandhara aura tiru appara ke prakaraNa meM yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki pallavarAja mahendravarmana prathama aura sundarapANDya yaha saba samakAlIna the| vahAM yaha bhI batAyA jA cukA hai ki kAMcIpati pallavarAja mahendravarmana prathama kA zAsana kAla I. san 600 se 630 taka kA hai| vAdIbhasiMha bhI appara aura jJAnasambandhara ke samakAlIna vidvAn the ataH inakA samaya bhI svataH IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha ho jAtA hai| . prAcArya vAdIbhasiMha kA zaiva saMta jJAnasambandhara aura appara ke sAtha jo vAdavivAda huA usakA kyA nirNaya rahA isa sambandha meM Aja taka koI tathya prakAza meM nahIM pAyA hai| AzA hai itihAsa ke vidvAn isa ora agretara zodha kara isa para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kreNge| Page #557 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 35veM paTTadhara zrI jayasena (dvitIya) janma dIkSA prAcAryapada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya AcArya paryAya pUrNa sAdhuparyAya pUrNa Ayu vIra ni. saM. 1142 vIra ni. saM. 1974 vIra ni. saM. 1967 vIra ni. saM. 1223 32 varSa 23 varSa 26 varSa 46 varSa 81 varSa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 34veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI hariSeNa ke svarga gamanAnantara unake vidvAn ziSya muni zrI jayasena (dvitIya) ko catuvidha tIrtha dvArA prAcArya pada para virAjamAna kiyA gayA / - -- AcArya zrApa prabhu mahAvIra ke 35veM paTTadhara hue / 46 varSa kI pUrNa sAdhu paryAya meM niraticAra - vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA paripAlana karane ke sAtha-sAtha Apane 26 varSa taka prAcArya pada ko suzobhita karate hue jinazAsana kI bar3I niSThA ke sAtha mahatI sevA kI / isase adhika inake viSaya meM koI ullekha kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA / itihAsavidoM se isake lie agretara zodha kI apekSA hai / Page #558 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 363 paTTadhara prAcArya zrI jagamAla svAmI janma - vIra ni. saM. 1187 dIkSA vIra ni. saM. 1214 AcArya pada vIra ni. saM. 1223 svargArohaNa vIra ni. saM. 1226 gRhavAsa paryAya - 27 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu-paryAya - 6 varSa AcArya-paryAya pUrNa sAdhu-paryAya - 15 varSa pUrNa Ayu - 42 varSa - vIra prabhu ke 35veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI jayasena (dvitIya) ke divaMgata ho jAne para zramaramottama zrI jagamAla svAmI ko bha. mahAvIra ke 36veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM caturvi / saMgha dvArA prabhu kI mUla vizuddha zramaNa-paramparA kA prAcArya banAyA gyaa| unhoMne 6 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya meM aura 6 varSa taka prAcArya pada para rahakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUla paramparA ke vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI jyoti ko apane samaya ke saMkrAnti kAla meM bhI prakhaNDa banAye rakhA / Apane caityavAsI paramparA ke ekAdhipatya kAla kI vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM bhI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke vizuddha zramaNAcAra ko akSuNNa evaM niraticAra banAye rakhakara jinazAsana kI jo sevAeM kI haiM, ve jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM yuga-yugAntaroM taka mumukSu sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke vargoM ko sva para kalyANa ke prazasta patha para agrasara hote rahane ke liye pradIpa stambha ke samAna sadA-sadA mArgadarzana karatI rheNgii| Coom Page #559 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 37veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI deva RSi janma vIra ni. saM. 1146 dIkSA vIra ni. saM. 1160 prAcArya pada vIra ni. saM. 1226 svargArohaNa vIra ni. saM. 1234 gRhavAsa paryAya 41 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu-paryAya - 36 varSa prAcArya paryAya - 5 varSa pUrNa sAdhu-paryAya - 44 varSa pUrNa Ayu - 85 varSa zAsana nAyaka vIra prabhU ke 36veM paTTadhara zrI jagamAla svAmI ke vIra ni.saM. 1226 meM svargArohaNa kara lene para munizreSTha zrI devaRSi ko mahAvIra ke 37veM paTTadhara pada para AcArya banAyA gyaa| Apa vIra nirvANa kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya hae / vIra ni. saM. 1226 se 1234 paryanta kevala 5 varSa ke apane prAcArya kAla meM pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke uparAnta bhI zramaNa-zramaNI varga ke hRdaya meM vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke prati eka lalaka utpanna kara uttarottara kSINa se kSINatama hote jA rahe mUla zramaNa-paramparA ke pravAha ko akSuNNa-avicchinna banAye rakhakara jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kI / Page #560 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa bhagavAn ke 38veM paTTadhara zrAcArya zrI bhIma RSi vIra ni. saM. 1960 vIra ni. saM. 1211 vIra ni. saM. 1234 vIra ni. saM. 1263 51 varSa 23 varSa 26 varSa pUrNa sAdhu-paryAya 52 varSa pUrNa Ayu 103 varSa pravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke carama tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 37va paTTadhara prAcArya zrI devaRSi ke svargastha hone para vIra ni. saM. 1234 meM muni puMgava zrI bhIma RSi ko vIra prabhu ke 38veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM catuvidha saMgha dvArA prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA / janma dIkSA prAcArya pada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya prAcArya - paryAya apane prAcAryakAla meM zithilAcAra parAyaNA caityavAsI paramparA ke ekAdhipatya, sArvatrika pracAra-prasAra evaM kAla prabhAva se bar3hate hue varcasva ke uparAnta bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA kI kSINa dhArA ko apane tapa tyAga ke bala para pravAhita rakhate hue use vilupta hone se bacAyA / apane 26 varSa ke prAcAryakAla meM zrAcArya zrI bhIma RSi ne ""thA nAma tathA guNAH' kI kahAvata ko caritArtha kara jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kI / Page #561 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ battIsa (32) yugapradhAnAcArya zrI puSyamitra janma dIkSA sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya prAcArya kAla svarga sarvAyu vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1952 dIra nirvAraNa samvat 1960 vIra nirvANa samvat 1160 me 1167 taka ! vIra nirvANa samvat 1137 se 1250 taka | vIra nirvANa samvat 1250 68 varSa yuga pradhAnAcArya puSyamitra prAcInakAla meM eka mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiN| yaha eka durbhAgya kI bAta hai ki yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM vartamAna kAla meM sAmAnyataH upalabdha sAhitya meM koI adhika AdhikArika jAnakArI nahIM milatI / 'titthogA lipaiNNaya' ke prakAza meM Ane ke pazcAt isa paramparA ke katipaya prAcAryoM ke sambandha meM kucha mahatvapUrNa tathya prakAza meM Aye haiM / isa grantha meM isa paramparA ke AcAryoM ke sambandha meM jo ullekha haiM, una para vicAra karane me yaha spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai ki isa paramparA kA aneka zatAbdiyoM taka jaina jagat meM eka parama prAmANika paramparA ke rUpa meM sarvAMgINa varcasva rahA hai / 'titthogAli paiNNaya' ke ullekhoM ke anusAra prAcArya puSyamitra 84000 padoM vAle sarvAMgapUrNa vyAkhyAprajJapti ( bhagavatI sUtra ) ke antima dhAraka hue haiM / ve mahAn cintaka aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI rakSA meM nipuNa the / Apake svargastha hote hI 84000 padoM vAlA guraNoM se protaprota pAMcavAM aMga vyAkhyA prajJapti rUpI kalpavRkSa sahasA saMkucita ho gayA aura isake guNa rUpI Page #562 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 504 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 amRta phaloM se vaMcita bhavya sAdhaka sahasA bhrAnta evaM hataprabha ho gye| 'titthogAli painnaya' kI ve gAthAeM isa prakAra haiM : paNNAsA varisehiM ya, bArasa varisa saehiM vocchedo| dinnagaNi prasamite, savivAhANaM chalaMgANaM / / 12 / / nAmeNa pUsamitto, samaNo samaNaguraNa niuNa ciNtvipro| hohI apacchimo kira viyAha suyadhAro vIro // 812 / / tammiya viyAharukkhe, culasIti payasahassaguNa klie| sahassaMcie saMbhaMto, ho hI guNa niphphalo logo / / 814 / / prat-vIra nirvANa samvat 1250 meM dinnagaNi zrI puSyamitra ke samaya meM vyAkhyA prajJapti sahita chaH aMgoM kA vyavaccheda (hrAsa) ho jaaygaa| vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke paripAlaka aura dUsaroM se pAlana karavAne meM nipuNa evaM mahAn cintaka vIravara puSyamitra nAmaka zramaNa sampUrNa vyAkhyA prajJapti kA . antima dhAraka hogaa| guNoM se aotaprota, caurAsI hajAra padoM vAle paMcama aMga zAstra vyAkhyA prajJapti rUpI kalpavRkSa ke sahasA saMkucita ho jAne para usake guNa rUpI phaloM se vaMcita hue loga digbhrAnta ho kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho jaayeNge| ___ isake atirikta inake bAre meM koI ullekhanIya jAnakArI adyatana prayatna karane para bhI hameM nahIM mila sakI hai| bhAvI zodhakartAoM se pUrNa apekSA hai| Page #563 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ harSavarddhana-apara nAma zIlAditya / vIra nirvANa kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM sthAnezvara aura kannauja kA mahArAjA harSavarddhana mahAn pratApI aura bhAratIya itihAsa meM bar3A hI yazasvI rAjA hA hai| harSa svayaM bar3A vidvAna, yazasvI sAhitya-nirmAtA, vidvAnoM kA samucita samAdara karane vAlA, sAhasI yoddhA raNanIti meM vizArada aura zAMti kA bhI pujArI thaa| apanI mAtRbhUmi se videzI haraNoM ke zAsana ko sadA-sarvadA ke liye samApta kara dene ke apane jIvana ke lakSya kI pUrti hetu jo saphala abhiyAna harSa ne prArambha kiyA, usase sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki usakA na kevala antastala apitu roma-roma dezaprema ke pragAr3ha raMga meM raMgA hayA thaa| saba dharmoM ko vaha samAna dRSTi se dekhatA thA / bauddha cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga harSa ko buddha kA parama bhakta aura kaTTara bauddha dharmAnuyAyI batAtA hai, to dUsarI ora harSavarddhana ke zAsanakAla kI usakI mudrAe~ use ziva kA bhakta - parama zaiva siddha karatI haiN| tIsarI ora jaina sAhitya meM "bhaktAmara" nAma se prasiddha AdinAtha bhagavAn ke stotra ke racayitA prAcArya mAnatuMga dvArA nirmita isa stotra nirmANa kI ghaTanA kA harSa ke sAtha sambandha jor3akara harSa ko jaina dharma ke prati viziSTa anurAga rakhane vAlA batAyA gayA hai / saba dharmoM ke anuyAyI harSa ko apane-2 dharma kA anuyAyI batAte haiM to isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki rAjA harSa sabhI dharmoM ko samAna dRSTi se dekhatA thaa| harSavarddhana ke jIvanavRtta para vizada prakAza DAlane vAle mukhya rUpa se do srota haiM / eka to hai harSa ke paramaprItipAtra mahAkavi bANabhaTTa dvArA racita harSa caritra aura dUsarA srota hai cInI yAtrI henatsAMga dvArA likhe gaye harSa sambandhI vivaraNa / cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ke harSasambandhI vivaraNoM ko par3hane se sAdhAraNa pAThaka ko bhI sahaja hI yaha prAbhAsa ho jAtA hai ki unameM usane harSa kA baura dharma ke ananyabhakta ke rUpa meM eka pratiraMjita citra prastuta kiyA hai| mahAkagi bANa ke ullekhAnusAra sthAvIzvara (pAnezvara) rAjya kA nAma kisI nagara ke nAma para pracalita humA, jo zrIkaNTha nAmaka deza meM pravasthita thaa| pAnezvara rAgya kA saMsthApaka prAvi puruSa puSpabhUti thaa| thAnezvara rAjya kI prAcIna rAjakIya sIloM (muharoM) aura prAcIna abhilekhoM ke prAdhAra para itihAsapiyoM meM isa rAjavaMza kI jo puSpabhUti ke uttaravartI kAla kI rANAvalI tayAra kI hai| yaha isa prakAra hai : (1) mahArANA bharaparbama, usakI rAmI patriNI vaidhI / (2) mahArANA rAjyavardhana, sakI rAnI dhArA vaivI / (3) mahArAjA bhAviyabarddhana, esakI rAnI mahAsenA=guptA vaiSI / Page #564 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa----bhAga 3 (4) paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja prabhAkaravarddhana apara nAma pratApazIla / rAnI yazomatI devii| / parama bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja parama bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja __ rAjyavarddhana harSavarddhana purAtatva-sAmagrI se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki rAjyavarddhana ke atirikta isa vaMza ke sabhI rAjA zaiva dharmAvalambI the| rAjyavarddhana bauddha dharmAnuyAyI thaa| thAnezvara rAjavaMza kI uparilikhita vaMzAvali ko dekhane se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki inameM prabhAkaravarddhana se pahale ke isa vaMza ke rAjA kevala mahArAjA viruda ke hI dhAraka the / isa rAjAvali meM kevala prabhAkaravarddhana ne hI sarvaprathama parama bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja pada dhAraNa kiyA / isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki thAnezvara rAjya sarvaprathama prabhAkaravarddhana ke zAsanakAla meM hI svatantra rAjya banA / isase pahale saMbhavata: isake I0 san 500 se 580 ke bIca hue sabhI pUrvaja gupta sAmrAjya ke adhInastha sAmanta rAjA rahe hoNge| mahArAjA mAdityavarmana kA vivAha gupta samrATa mahAsena kI bahina mahAsenA se huA aura isa vaivAhika sambandha ke pazcAt thAnezvara rAjya zanaiH-zanaiH zaktizAlI rAjya ke rUpa meM ubharane lagA aura aMtatogatvA mahAsena kA bhAgineya prabhAkaravarddhana : zaktizAlI sthAnezvara rAjya kA mahArAjAdhirAja bana gayA / gupta samrATa mahAsena ke samaya ko dekhate hue anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prabhAkaravarddhana I0 san 580 ke Asa-pAsa svatantra mahArAjAdhirAja banA / mahAkavi bAMNa ne harSacaritra meM prabhAkaravarddhana ke liye likhA hai : ___"paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja prabhAkaravarddhana hUNa rUpI mRgoM ke liye siMha, sindhurAja ke liye sAkSAtkAla gurjararAja kI nidrA ko kSaNa-kSaraNa para bhaMga kara dene vAlA bhayaMkara svapna, gAndhAra ke rAjA ke liye bhayaMkara zItajvara, lATarAja kI raNacAturI ko cUNita-vicUriNata kara dene vAlA aura mAlavarAja kI sArvabhauma sattA rUpiNI vallarI ke liye kuThAra thaa|" prabhAkaravarddhana ne apane bar3e putra rAjyavarddhana ko apanI mRtyu se kucha samaya pUrva eka bar3I senA dekara bhArata se haraNoM ke samUloccheda ke liye uttarApatha meM bhejA thaa| kintu prabhAkaravarddhana rugNa ho gayA, isa kAraNa rAjyavarddhana ko zIghra hI uttarApatha se lauTanA par3A / bAMga ne isa bAta kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai ki rAjyavarddhana kA hUNoM ke sAtha yuddha huA ki nhiiN| rAjyavarddhana ke uttarApatha se lauTane se pahale hI prabhAkaravarddhana kI mRtyu ho gaI aura rAnI yazomatI bhI sarasvatI nadI ke taTa para apane pati ke sAtha citA meM jalakara satI ho gayI / apane pitA kI mRtyu aura mAtA ke satI ho jAne ke pazcAt rAjyavarddhana ko saMsAra se virakti ho gyii| usane saMnyAsa grahaNa karane kI Antarika abhilASA - - - Page #565 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravarttI prAcArya ] [ 507 vyakta karate hue harSa se prAgraha kiyA ki vaha thAnezvara ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThe / kintu harSa ne apane bar3e bhAI ke prastAva ko asvIkAra karate hue kahA ki vaha bhI apane jyeSTha bhrAtA ke padacihnoM kA anusaraNa kara saMnyasta ho adhyAtmasAdhanA meM nirata ho jAyagA / jisa samaya donoM bhAI isa prakAra vArtAlApa kara rahe the, usI samaya kannauja ke eka samAcAravAhaka ne grAkara una donoM bhAiyoM ko sUcanA dI ki jisa dina mahArAjA prabhAkaravarddhana ke svargastha hone ke samAcAra kannauja pahuMce usI dina mAlavA ke. rAjA ne kannauja ke mahArAjA grahavarmana ( rAjyavarddhana ke bahanoI) kI hatyA kara dI. aura mahArAnI rAjyazrI ko bandI banA liyA / aba vaha thAnezvara para zrAkramaraNa karanA cAhatA hai / isa duHkhada samAcAra ko sunate hI rAjyavarddhana 10 hajAra azvArohiyoM kI senA le mAlavarAja ke sAtha yuddha karane ke lie prasthita huA aura usane harSa ko thAnezvara - rAjya kI rakSA ke liye vahIM rakhA / vAyuvega se Age bar3hakara mAlava nareza kI senA para bhISaNa zrAkramaNa kiyaa| dekhate hI dekhate mAlava senA ko naSTa kara diyA / rAjyavarddhana ne rAjyavarddhana ne mAlava senA para isa vijaya ke pazcAt gaur3a rAjA zazAMka ne vizvAsaghAta kara rAjyavarddhana kI hatyA kara dii| yaha harSavarddhana para ana vajrapAta thA / harSacaritra meM mahAkavi bAMraNa ke ullekhAnusAra isa mahAzokaprada samAcAra ke sunate hI harSa ke krodha kA pArAvAra na rhaa| usane zapathapUrvaka pratijJA kI ki yadi vaha kucha hI dinoM meM pRthvI ko gaur3avihIna nahIM kara sakA to agnipraveza kara legA / usane usI samaya pUrva se pazcima aura uttara se dakSiNa taka samasta bhArata para vijaya prApta karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura apane mantriyoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve saba rAjAoM ko isa prakAra kA saMdeza bheja deM ki ye saba usakI (harSa kI ) adhInatA svIkAra kareM anyathA zIghra hI yuddha ke lie sannaddha ho jAyaM / tadanantara harSavarddhana eka bar3I senA lekara sarvaprathama gaur3arAja zazAMka se pratizodha lene aura tadanantara cAroM dizAoM para apanA Adhipatya sthApita karane ke liye prasthita huA / harSavarddhana ko mArga meM prAgjyotiSa ( prAsAma) ke rAjA kumAra apara nAma bhAskaravarmana kA dUta milA aura usane apane svAmI kI ora se yaha prastAva kiyA ki ve donoM paraspara eka dUsare kI samaya-samaya para sahAyatA kreN| harSa ne usa prastAva ko svIkAra kiyA aura apanI senA ke sAtha Age bar3hA / kucha dinoM taka kUca para kUca karate Age bar3hate samaya harSa ko bhaNDI milA jo rAjyavarddhana kI senA, zatrusenA ke bandiyoM, mAlavarAja kI senA se lUTa meM prApta zastrAstrAdi sAmagrI aura mAlavarAja ke chatra, cAmara, gaja, azva aura ghanAgAra Adi lie thAnezvara kI ora lauTa rahA thA / harSa ko usase rAjyazrI ke sambandha meM yaha sUcanA milI ki bandIgRha se mukta kI jAne para rAjyazrI apanI paricArikAoM ke sAtha vindyATavI meM praviSTa Page #566 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 508 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 ho gayI hai / usakI khoja ke liye cAroM ora sainika Tukar3iyAM bhejI gaIM kintu abhI taka rAjyazrI nahIM milI hai| harSa ne tatkAla bhaNDI ko rAjyavarddhana ke sAtha mAlavarAja para AkramaNa karane ke liye gaI senA aura apanI senA ke sAtha zazAMka para AkramaNa karane kA Adeza de svayaM rAjyazrI kI khoja meM vindyATavI kI ora dra tavega se bar3hA / bar3I khoja ke bAda eka dina harSa ne vindyATavI meM dekhA ki rAjyazrI citA meM Aga lagAkara usameM praveza karane ko udyata hai / harSa ne vidyatvega se Age bar3hakara rAjyazrI ko citAgni meM praveza karane se bacA liyA aura usako sAtha lekara gaMgA taTa para apane zivira meM lauttaa| bAMNa apane vivaraNa ko sahasA yahIM adharA hI chor3a detA hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM harSa dvArA prArambha kiye gaye abhiyAna se harSa ko kauna-kaunasI upalabdhiyAM haI, kina-kina rAjAoM ko jItA, isa viSaya meM sunizcita evaM prAmANika rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| maMjazrI-mUlakalpa ke etadviSayaka ullekha se itanA avazya prakaTa hotA hai ki harSavarddhana ne zazAMka kI rAjadhAnI puNDa para AkramaNa kiyaa| usa yuddha meM harSa ne zazAMka ko parAjita kara prAjJA dI ki vaha usake rAjya se sadA ke liye bAhara calA jAya / apane bar3e bhAI rAjyavarddhana kI vizvAsaghAtapUrvaka hatyA karane vAle zazAMka ko parAjita kara dene ke pazcAt bhI harSa ne na to use mArA aura na bandI hI banAyA, yaha bAta kahAM taka vizvasanIya hai, kahA nahIM jA sakatA / yaha ghaTanA I0 san 607608 ke bIca ke kisI samaya kI ho sakatI hai| kintu isake pazcAt I0 san 637-38 ke AsapAsa taka zazAMka kA baMgAla, dakSiNI bihAra aura ur3IsA para rAjya rhaa| I0 san 637-638 meM magadha meM bhramaNa karate samaya svayaM huenatsAMga ne apane saMsmaraNoM meM likhA hai ki zazAMka ne gayA ke eka baudhi vRkSa ko kATa diyA aura isake kucha samaya pazcAt hI vaha mara gyaa| apanI bahina rAjyazrI ke sAtha harSavarddhana kannoja gyaa| vahAM usane katipaya varSoM taka apanI bahana kI pora se kannoja rAjya ke zAsana bhAra ko samhAlA aura isa prakAra vaha thAnezvara praura kanoja donoM hI rAjyoM para zAsana karatA rhaa| kucha samaya pazcAt usane apane prApako koja kA rAjA ghoSita kara diyA aura parama bhaTTAraka rANAdhirAja kA para bhI dhAraNa kiyaa| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki rAjyamana kI mRtyu kA samAcAra sunakara harSa meM bhArata meM eka sArvabhauma sattAsampanna sAmrAjya kI sthApanA dvArA bhArata ko eka sUtra meM prAva karane kA nizcaya kiyA thA / usa nizcaya-pUrti ke lie harSabahana eka lambe samaya taka prayatna karatA rahA / pUrva aura uttara maiM use paryApta saphalatAe~ milI ki bhArata meM pUrva se pazcima taka aura dakSiNa me rattara taka eka hI sazakta kendrIya zAsana kI sthApanA ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa bhArata ko zAsana ke ekasUtra meM bAMdhane kA harSavarddhana kA svana sAkAra nahIM Page #567 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravatIM prAcArya ] [ 506 ho sakA / harSavarddhana ke isa svapna ke pUrNa na hone dene meM sabase bar3A hAtha rahA bAdAmI ke cAlukya sAmrAjya kA / bAdAmI kA cAlukya pulakezina IsA kI 7vIM zatAbdI meM hI ( I. san 610 ke AsapAsa) rASTrakUTa vaMzIya zaktizAlI rAjA appAyika govinda ko jo ki dakSiNa vijaya karatA huA Age bar3ha rahA thA, bhImarathI nadI ke uttara meM huI lar3AI meM parAjita kara eka zaktizAlI rAjA ke rUpa meM ubhara AyA thA / harSavarddhana eka vizAla sAmrAjya kI sthApanA ke apane svapna ko pUrA karane ke liye jaba dakSiNa - vijaya ke liye dakSiNApatha meM bar3ha rahA thA, usa samaya pula - kezina dvitIya ne eka vizAla senA lekara harSavarddhana kI bar3hatI huI senAoM ko rokaa| narmadA ke taTa para harSavarddhana aura cAlukyarAja pulakezina dvitIya kI senAoM ke bIca nirNAyaka yuddha huA / kar3e saMgharSa ke pazcAt harSavarddhana kI parAjaya huI / pulakezina ne harSavarddhana ke aneka hAthiyoM ko pakar3a kara apane adhikAra meM kara liyA / harSavarddhana kI isa parAjaya ke aura apane sainika abhiyAnoM meM saphala na hone ke pIche rahe kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue prasiddha itihAsavettA DaoN. ke. e nIlakaNTha zAstrI ne 'dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa' nAmaka apane grantha meM likhA hai : * ---- "pulakezina ke sainyabala kI prasiddhi tathA uttara meM harSa kI bar3hatI huI zakti ne eka-eka kara lATa, mAlava tathA gurjara, sabhI ko pulakezina kI adhInatA svIkAra karane ko prerita kiyA / isa taraha cAlukya sAmrAjya kI sImA eka sthAna para mahI nadI kA sparza karatI thI / jaba harSa ne dakSiNa para hamalA kiyA to pulakezina ne usakA sAmanA kiyA aura narmadA taTa para use burI taraha parAjita kara usake aneka hAthiyoM ko pakar3avA liyA / hapako apane vijayI jIvana meM sirpha yahIM muha kI khAnI pdd'ii| ye sArI saphalatAe~ pulakezina ko apane zAsanakAla ke prathama tIna-cAra varSoM meM hI mila gayIM / "" - yaha to itihAsa prasiddha hI haiM ki cAlukyoM kA cAhe ve vAtApI ke hoM cAhe vaMgI ke athavA vijayanagaram ke, gujarAta ke sAtha pArasparika pUrvajoM ke samaya se hI pragAha sambandha rahA hai| isa dRSTi se bhI pa kI mahatvAkAMkSAoM aura bar3hatI huI zakti ko dekha kara gujarAta ke vallabhI, lATa Adi rAjAoM ne sambhavataH cAlukyarAja pulakezina dvitIya kI vijayinI senAoM aura ajeyatA ko dekhakara harSavarddhana se apanI rakSA karane ke liye pulakezina kI adhInatA svIkAra kara lI ho / apane samaya kI zaktizAlI rAjasattAoM gaMga, rASTrakuTa, kadamba grAdi rAjavaMzoM para pulakezina dvitIya ne vijaya prApta kara lI thI / eliphenTA dvIpastha mauryA kI rAjadhAnI purI para AkramaNa kara ke pulakezina ne mAryo ko bhI apanI AdhInatA svIkAra dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa DA0 ke0 e0 nIlakaNTha pRSTha 125 Page #568 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 51. ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 3 karane ke liye bAdhya kara diyA thaa| mAlavarAja ne bhI pulakezina kI adhInatA svIkAra kara lI thii| ___ isa prakAra usa samaya kI choTI-bar3I aneka sattAnoM ko apanI pakSadhara banA kara pulakezina ne apanI.zakti ko sudRr3ha banA harSavarddhana ke zaktisaMcaya ke aneka bar3ebar3e srotoM ko prAyaH avaruddha sA kara diyA thaa| isI kAraNa harSa ko bhArata meM eka sArvabhauma sattA sthApita karane ke apane lakSya kI pUrti meM anya rAjAoM kA sahayoga prApta na ho sakane ke kAraNa apekSita saphalatA nahIM mila skii| parantu uttarI bhArata meM harSavardhana ko apane rAjya kA vistAra karane meM paryApta saphalatAeM prApta huI aura vaha uttara kA eka zaktizAlI rAjA bana gyaa| cIna kI ensAiklopIDiyA ke nirmAtA vidvAna mA-tvAna-lina ke ullekhAnusAra harSavarddhana apara nAma zIlAditya (cIna meM ise zIlAditya aura magadharAja ke nAma se hI abhihita kiyA jAtA thA) ne I0 san 641 meM "magadharAja' kI upAdhi dhAraNa kii|' cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne I0 san 643 meM apanI kAmarUpa kI yAtrA ke vivaraNa meM likhA hai ki jaba vaha kAmarUpa deza ke rAjA bhAskaravarmana ke nimantraNa para kAmarUpa gayA usa samaya harSavarddhana-zIlAditya-magadharAja kAMgodA aura ur3IsA para vijaya prApta kara lene ke pazcAt gaMgA ke taTa para avasthita 'rAjamala' ke samIpa kajaMgalA meM apanA zivira DAle hue thaa| __ isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki harSavarddhana ne pUrvI bhArata meM mudUra taka apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAI thI aura zazAMka kI mRtyu ke pazcAt saMbhavata: zazAMka ke sampUraNaM rAjya para adhikAra kara liyA thaa| harSa ke rAjasiMhAsanArUr3ha hone se pUrva hI use aneka prApattiyoM ne prA gharA kintu vaha dhairya aura sAhasa ke sAtha bhArata meM eka mArvabhauma sattA sampanna kendrIya sazakta rAjya kI sthApanA ke liye jIvana bhara saMgharSa karatA rhaa| pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke uparAnta bhI vaha apane lakSya se cyuta nahIM huaa| vaha samasta bhArata ko eka hI sazakta zAsana ke sUtra meM to Abaddha nahIM kara sakA kintu yaha eka sphuTa satya hai ki vaha uttara bhArata ke eka sazakta rAjA ke rUpa meM lagabhaga tIna dazaka se adhika samaya taka zAsana karatA rahA / raNacAturI, mAmikatA. mAhitya mevA, zAlInatA Adi usake utkRSTa guNa bhArata ke itihAsa meM aMkita haiN| vastutaH vaha eka mahAn zAsaka thaa| cIna ke samrATa ne tIna bAra (I. sana 643, 645 aura 647 meM) bahumUlya bheTa bhejakara harSa ko sammAnita kiyaa| antima bheMTa ke kannoja pahuMcane se pUrva hI harSa kA dehAvasAna ho gayA thaa| harSa jisa prakAra talavAra calAne meM niSNAta thA, usI bhAMti lekhanakalA, sAhityasRjana-kalA meM bhI pUrNata: niSNAta thaa| usakI rAjasabhA meM vAraNa aura 1 hisTrI eNDa kalcara grApha inDiyana pIpala, klAsikala eja, pR0 107 Page #569 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI zrAcArya ] [ 511 1 mayUra jaise uccakoTi ke bhArata ke agragaNya vidvAn kavi vidyamAna the| svayaM harSa ne "ratnAvalI", "priyadarzikA" aura "nAgAnanda" jaise ucca koTi ke nATakoM kI racanA kI / ye tInoM nATaka usa samaya bar3e hI lokapriya the, yatra-tatra nRtya aura saMgIta ke sAtha ina nATakoM kA abhinaya kiyA jAtA thaa| cInI vidvAn itsiMga ne harSavarddhana ko ucca koTi kI sAhityika abhiruci vAlA vidvAn batAyA hai / harSa ke paramaprIti pAtra bANa aura mayUra ne guraNajJa harSa kA Azraya pA jina mahAn granthoM kI racanAeM kIM, ve Aja bhI bhAratIya sAhitya kI anamola ratnamAlikAeM mAnI jAtI haiM / harSa apane zAsana ke pratyeka pAMcaveM varSa meM prayAga meM apane pUrvajoM kI hI bhAMti eka vizAla dhAmika melA Ayojita karatA aura isa avasara para vaha apane rAjya kI pAMca varSoM kI Aya dAna meM de detA thA / cInI yAtrI prayAga ke isa samAroha ke sambandha meM apane saMsmaraNoM meM likhatA hai ki harSavarddhana isa avasara para sarvaprathama buddha kI mUrti ke samakSa bahumUlya ratnoM kI bheMTa car3hAtA thA / tadanantara vaha pAsa-par3osa aura dUra-dUra se isa avasara para ekatrita hue bauddha bhikSutroM ko, tadanantara mahAn sAhityikoM, nirAzritoM, apaMgoM aura raMkoM ko kramaza: bheMTa, pAritoSika, anudAna Adi dAnAdi ke rUpa meM detA thA / cInI yAtrI huenasAMga ne harSavarddhana dvArA kannoja meM nirantara 21 dinoM taka Ayojita kiye gaye dhArmika sammelana athavA dhArmika mele kA ullekha kiyA hai / cInI yAtrI ke ullekhAnusAra usa mele meM kAmarUpa kA mahArAjA bhASkaravarmana ( paramazaiva ) mukhya atithi ke rUpa me sammilita huA thA / bhASkaravarsana ke atirikta 18 anya rAjA bhI isa dhArmika mele meM upasthita hue the| usa mele ke prayojana se pUrva harSavarddhana 100 phITa UMcA eka stUpa banavAyA / harSa ne apane hI zarIrotsedha ke barAbara ( mAnava kada kI ) bhagavAn buddha kI eka svarNamayI mUrti kA nirmANa karavAyA aura usa stUpa ke gumbaja meM use pratiSThApita kiyA / harSavarddhana ne eka dUsarI choTI svarNamayI buddha kI mUrti ko ratnajaTita sone kI bhUla se susajjita gajarAja kI pRSTha para amvAvArI meM rakhA | svayaM zakra ( devendra ) jaisA rUpa banAkara buddha kI mUrti para chatra kiye baiThA / mUrti ke dakSiNa pArzva meM brahmA kA vepa dhAraNa kiye bhASkaravarmana baiThA / bhASkaravarmana buddha kI svarNamayI mUrti para caMvara durAtA ( daulAtA ) rahA / sahasroM logoM ne isa zobhAyAtrA meM bar3e utsAha ke sAtha bhAga liyA / vividha vAdyayantroM kI sumadhura dhvaniyoM evaM jayaghoSoM se kannauja ke dharAtala aura gaganamaNDala ko gujarita karatA huA zobhAyAtrA kA udvelita sAgara ke samAna vizAla janasamUha jaba gaganacumbI gumbaja ke prakoSTha ke dvAra ke pAsa pahuMcA to mahArAjAdhirAja harSavarddhana ne buddha kI usa svarNa mUrti ko apane skandha para uThAyA / mUrti ko kandhe para liye harSavarddhana paidala calakara usa gumbaja ke pAsa pahuMcA / tadanantara usane bhagavAn Page #570 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 512 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 buddha kI mUrti ke samakSa dAsiyoM (sarvotkRSTa evaM mahArNya vastra) saikar3oM (pUrva se kucha kama mahAya') aura hajAroM rezamI vastra bheMTa kiye| nirantara 21 dinoM taka isI prakAra rAjakIya ThATa-bATa ke sAtha yaha mahotsava calatA rahA / prItibhoja ke anantara dhArmika sammelana kA prAyojana kiyA gyaa| usameM sabhI dharmoM aura vibhinna dharmoM kI zAkhAoM evaM upazAkhAoM ke vidvAnoM ko Amantrita kiyA gyaa| cInI yAtrI huenatsAMga ko 21 dinoM taka pratidina kiye jAne vAle dhArmika sammelanoM kA harSavarddhana ne adhyakSa niyukta kiyaa| sabhI dharmoM ke pratinidhiyoM ne apane-apane dharma kI vizeSatA siddha karane ke prayAsa kiye / haenatsAMga ne saba kI yuktiyoM kA khaNDana karate hue kahA yadi koI vidvAn merI eka bhI yukti ko asatya siddha kara degA to maiM tatkAla apanA sira kATa kara use bheMTa kara duuNgaa| usakI usa cunautI ko 5 dina taka kisI ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| usake pazcAt hInayAna ke pramukhoM ne huenatsAMga kI hatyA karane kA SaDyantra racA kintu harSa ko pahale hI patA cala gayA aura usane ghoSaNA karavA dI ki yadi kisI ne huenatsAMga ko chUne kA prayAsa kiyA to use tatkAla mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA jAyagA aura yadi kisI ne huenatsAMga ke viruddha eka bhI zabda kahA to usakI jihvA kATa lI jaaygii| harSa kI isa ghoSaNA se sabhI hIna yAnI virodhiyoM ne isa sammelana kA bahiSkAra kara diyaa| isa sammelana ke antima 21veM dina rAtri meM jisa samaya ki huenatsAMga ke sabhApatitva meM dharma carcA cala rahI thI, usa samaya acAnaka usa vizAla gumbaja meM Aga laga gii| bar3A kolAhala hunA, saba idhara-udhara bhAgane lge| usa samaya eka yuvaka hAtha meM zastra liye harSavarddhana kI hatyA karane ke liye harSavarddhana kI ora jhapaTA / harSa taka pahuMcane se pahale hI use rAjapuruSoM dvArA pakar3a liyA gyaa| hapaM ke pUchane para usa yuvaka ne svIkAra kiyA ki virodhI brAhmaNoM ne use bahuta bar3A pralobhana dekara ApakI (harSa kI) hatyA karane ke liye protsAhita kiyA hai| rAjA bhoja dvArA prazna kiye jAne para 500 brAhmaNa mukhyoM ne svIkAra kiyA ki bauddha yAtrI, bauddha dharma aura bauddha dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke prati pragADha pakSapAta aura zaivoM vaiSNavoM tathA anya dharmAvalambiyoM ke prati Apake ghora upekSApUrNa vyavahAra se tiraskRta evaM prapIDita ho hamane isa prakAra kA nizcaya kiyA hai| cInI yAtrI haenatsAMga ke kathanAnumAra rAjA harSa ne SaDyantra ke mukhya sUtradhAroM ko daNDita evaM 500 brAhmaNoM kA apana rAjya kI sImAoM se niSkAsita kara diyaa| huenatsAMga ke isa vivaraNa meM apane dharma ke prati andhAnurAga kI gandha ke sAtha atizayoktiyoM evaM atiraMjanA kA prAbhAsa hotA hai| harSa kA koI uttarAdhikArI na hone ke kAraNa puSpabhUti vaMza kA zanizAlI rAjya usakI mRtyu ke bAda samApta ho gyaa| Page #571 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra nirvANa kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke mahAn prabhAvaka evaM mahAn granthakAra prAcArya haribhadra sUri ( vIra ni. saM. 1227-1268 tadanusAra vi. saM. 757 - 827 ) zrI haribhadra sUri / citrakUTa ke mahArAja jitAri ke rAjapurohita zrI haribhadra apane samaya ke uccakoTi ke vidvAn the / ve veda vedAMga Adi ke niSNAta vidvAn aura sabhI vidyAoM meM pAraMgata the / unheM apane pAMDitya para bar3A garva thA / 1 unhoMne eka dina mArga meM calate hue eka jinamandira meM jinezvara kI mUrti dekhI / jinezvara kI pratimA ko dekhate hI unhoMne upahAsapUrNa zabdoM meM apane ye udgAra vyakta kiye : "vapureva tavAcaSTe spaSTamiSTAnna bhojanam / na hi koTara saMsthe'gnau tarurbhavati zAdvalaH // 17 // " (eka dina] rAja sabhA meM kAryAdhikyavazAt unheM rAtri meM bhI paryApta samaya taka rAja prAsAda meM rukanA pdd'aa| rAtri meM jaba ve apane nivAsa sthAna para lauTa rahe the to mArga meM unake karNa randhoM meM kisI vRddhA kI madhura svara lahariyoM ke mAdhyama se nimnalikhita gAthA gUMja uThI : "cakkiduggaM haripani, paraNagaM cakkIraNa kesavo cakkI / kesava cakkI kesava ducakkI kesI ya cakkI ya / / 21 / / " yaha padya haribhadra ko bar3A manohArI pratIta huA / samajhane meM bAra-bAra prayAsa karane para bhI asaphala rahe / prAta:kAla hone para ve apane ghara se nikale aura sIdhe usI bhavana ke pAsa pahuMce jahAM unhoMne rAtri meM vaha manohArI pada sunA thA / usa bhavana ke dvAra meM ghusate ho unhoMne dekhA ki eka tapopUtA saumya mukhAkRti vAlI vRddhA sAdhvI vahAM virAjamAna hai / haribhadra ne usa vRddhA sAdhvI kA abhivAdana karate hue pUchA: "amba ! Far rAtri meM Apa hI cAka cikya se zrotaprota eka padya kA uccAraNa kara rahI thIM ?" kintu ve isake artha ko Page #572 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 514 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 vRddhA sAdhvI ne uttara diyA:-"hAM putra !" vRddhA sAdhvI kI anubhavI prAMkhoM se yaha chupA nahIM raha sakA ki Age calakara yaha yuvaka jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA karane vAlA hogaa| haribhadra ne kahA :-"mAM ! Apa mujhe usa padya kA pUrI taraha se artha samajhAiye / usa padya ke artha ko jAnane ke lie merA antarmana bar3A lAlAyita hai|" vRddhA sAdhvI ne uttara diyA :- "he putraka ! agara jinAgamoM ke gahana jJAna kI tumheM bhUkha hai, to isake lie tuma hamAre guru ke pAsa jaapro|" haribhadra guru kA sthAna nAmAdi pUchakara prAcArya jinabhaTTa sUri ke pAsa phuNce| prAcArya ke darzana karate hI haribhadra ke hRdaya meM bar3I zraddhA utpanna huii| AcArya jinabhaTTa sUri ke mana meM unheM dekhakara yaha vicAra AyA ki yaha vahI vidvAn brAhmaNa to nahIM hai jise apane pAMDitya para bar3A garva hai aura jo rAjA ke dvArA pUjita hai / yaha yahAM kisa kAraNa se AyA hai| unhoMne prakaTa meM haribhadra se kahA :- "bhadra ! tumhArA kalyANa ho / kaho yahA~ kisa prayojana se pAye ho ?" purohita haribhadra ne.bar3e vinamra svara meM nivedana kiyA : - "pUjyavara ! maiMne vRddhA jaina sAdhvI mahattarA yAkinI ke mukha se eka prAkRta pada sunA hai usakA artha maiM pUre prayAsa ke pazcAt bhI abhI taka nahIM samajha sakA huuN| maiMne unase usa padya kA artha batAne ke lie nivedana kiyaa| unhoMne mujhe prApakI sevA meM upasthita ho apanI jJAnapipAsA zAnta karane kA parAmarza diyA hai| isalie maiM Apake pAsa AyA huuN|" * guru ne kahA :- "jaina siddhAntoM kA jJAna agAdha hai| agara use prApta karane kI vAstavika bhUkha hai to merA ziSyatva grahaNa kro|" haribhadra jinabhaTTa sUri ke pAsa jaina dIkSA grahaNa kara unake ziSya bana gaye / jinabhaTTa sUri ne una vRddhA sAdhvI mukhyA kA paricaya karAte hue muni haribhadra se kahA :-"saumya ! yaha merI guru bhaginI mahattarA yAkinI hai| yaha saba AgamoM meM pravINa aura saba sAdhviyoM kI ziromaNi hai|" muni haribhadra ne vinayAvanata svara meM kahA :--"pUjyavara ! bhava bhavAntaroM meM bhramaNa karavAne vAle zAstroM kA pAragAmI vidvAn hote hue bhI maiM aba yaha anubhava karatA hUM ki maiM mUrkha hI rhaa| mere pUrva puNya ke udaya se hI merI isa dharma mAtA yAkinI mahattarA ne mere kula kI kuladevI kI bhAMti mujhe prabuddha kiyA hai|" Page #573 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 515 usI dina se muni haribhadra ne apane Apako "yAkinI mahattarA sUnu" kahanA likhanA prArambha kara diyA / praniza guru caraNoM kI sevA meM rahate hue muni haribhadra ne saba AgamoM kA adhyayana prArambha kiyaa| agAdha zraddhA bhakti evaM niSThApUrvaka adhyayana karate hue unhoMne AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyA / prAcArya jinabhaTTa sUri ne apane ziSya haribhadra ko sabhI bhAMti prAcArya pada ke yogya samajhakara zubha muhUrta meM prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA / AcArya pada para AsIna hone ke pazcAt haribhadra sUri sthAna-sthAna para apratihata vihAra karate hue jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane lge| unhoMne aneka bhavyoM ko prabodha diyA / eka samaya haribhadra zauca nivRtyartha jaba vana meM jA rahe the to unhoMne do bhAnajoM haMsa aura paramahaMsa ko cintAgrastAvasthA meM dekhA / cintA kA kAraNa pUchane para haMsa aura paramahaMsa ne prAcArya haribhadra se kahA ki ghara vAloM ke hRdaya ko prAghAta pahuMcAne vAle karkaza svara pitA ke mukha se sunakara hameM saMsAra se virakti ho gaI / hama ghara se nikala par3e haiM / una donoM bhAiyoM ne utkRSTa bhAvanA se prAcArya haribhadra ke pAsa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| ve donoM unake pAsa vidyAdhyayana karane lage / zrAcArya haribhadra ne svalpa samaya meM hI haMsa aura paramahaMsa nAmaka una donoM muniyoM ko AgamoM aura nyAyazAstra meM pAragAmI vidvAn banA diyaa| haMsa aura paramahaMsa parama.. medhAvI muni the / unake antarmana meM bauddha darzana aura bauddha tarka zAstroM ke gahana dhyayana kI utkaNThA utpanna huI / una donoM bandhunoM ne haribhadra ke caraNoM para apane mastaka jhukA kara unake samakSa apanI yaha icchA prakaTa kI / apane nimitta jJAna ke bala para bhAvI aniSTa kI prAzaGkA se prAcArya ne una apane priya ziSyoM ko vahIM para rahate hue adhyayana karate rahane kA parAmarza diyA aura kahA ki yahAM para bhI ucca koTi ke aneka vidvAn haiM / unake pAsa rahakara hI apanA abhIpsita jJAna prApta kro| kyoMki tumhAre bAhara jAne para mujhe aniSTa kI prAzaGkA ho rahI hai / : haMsa ne haMsate hue nivedana kiyA hama logoM para ApakA yaha vAtsalya bhAva honA svAbhAvika hI hai / Apake dvArA paripAlita aura zikSita hokara hama alpavayaska kizora hote hue bhI Apake padacinhoM kA anusaraNa karate hue kyA prabhAvazAlI nahIM hoMge ? zrApake nAma kA hamane cirakAla taka jApa kiyA hai / Apake kRpA prasAda ne hama logoM ko sajaga-samartha banAyA hai / aisI dazA meM dUra deza meM. zatrunoM ke nagara meM athavA vikaTa pathoM meM hama donoM para kisI bhI prakAra ke kapTa kA athavA apazakuna kA kyA prabhAva ho sakatA hai ? Apake nAma kA jApa saba jagaha sabhI avasthAoM meM sadA hamArI rakSA karatA rahegA / " Page #574 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 516 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa ... bhAga 3 donoM ziSyoM kI anavarata abhyarthanA para AcArya haribhadra ne apanI Antarika icchA na hote hae bhI unheM bauddha tarka zAstroM ke adhyayana ke liye sUdarastha nagara meM jAne kI anujJA pradAna kara dii| ve donoM guru ko praNAma kara bhavitavyatA vazAt bauddha darzanoM ke adhyayana ke liye prasthita hue| ve donoM veSa parivartana kara una saba cinhoM ko, jinase ki unake jaina hone kA kiMcitmAtra bhI saMketa kisI ko mila sake, pUrNataH gupta kara ke calate hue eka dina bauddha rAjA dvArA zAsita bauddha rAjya kI rAjadhAnI meM phuNce| vahAM se ve vidyA kI bhUkha kA zamana karane ke liye prasiddha bauddha vidyApITha meM gye| vahAM unhoMne dekhA ki vidyArthiyoM ke AvAsa hetu vihAroM kI aneka paMktiyAM banI huI haiM aura vidyArthiyoM kI prazana vasana pAna pustakAdi kI aAvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye vahAM bar3I-bar3I dAnazAlAeM bhI vidyamAna haiN| unhoMne yaha bhI dekhA ki vahAM vizAla vidyApITha haiM aura unameM anekAneka viSayoM ke adhyApana kI utkRSTa vyavasthA hai / vahAM ucca koTi ke vidvAn bauddhAcArya apaneapane ziSyoM ko, jisa viSaya ko ve par3hanA cAheM, vahI viSaya par3hAne meM nirantara saMlagna haiM / haMsa aura paramahaMsa ko yaha saba dekhakara parama prasannatA huii| unhoMne bhI bauddha vidyApITha meM praveza prApta kara liyaa| khAna, pAna, rahana, sahana Adi kI sabhI taraha kI ati uttama vyavasthA hone ke kAraNa kuzAgra buddhi medhAviyoM ke liye bhI ati durgama bauddha tarka zAstroM ko sahaja hI hRdayaMgama karate hue ve bar3e hI prAnanda ke sAtha apane abhIpsita bauddha darzana ke adhyayana meM nirata ho gye| jaina darzana ke khaMDana ke liye jo jo akATya tarka bauddhAcAryoM dvArA diye jAte the una tarkoM ko nirasta karane vAle evaM jaina siddhAntoM kI zAzvata satyatA ko siddha karane vAle apane pUrva paThita Agama pAThoM se paripuSTa aneka akATya pratitarko, yuktiyoM aura pramANoM ko ve donoM bhAI pRthak-pRthak patroM meM lipibaddha karane lge| isa prakAra unhoMne gupta rUpa se likhakara jo patra ekatrita kiye the unameM se do patra eka dina saMyogavazAt prAye vArtRla se havA meM ur3a gaye / ve donoM patra bauddha vidyArthiyoM ke hAtha laga gye| una bauddha vidyArthiyoM ne una patroM ko par3hakara apane guru ke samakSa unheM prastuta kara diyaa| jaba viSaya se sambandhita bauddhAcArya ne una patroM ko par3hA to apane pakSa ke nirbala hone tathA jaina pakSa ke sabala hone kI AzaMkA se vaha AtaMkita ho utthaa| AzcaryAbhibhUta hokara bauddhAcArya ne kahA : .. "yahAM koI na koI jaina dharma kA upAsaka atyanta medhAvI chAtra hamAre vidyApITha meM hai| anyathA maiMne jina tarkajAloM kA khaMDana kara diyA unakA maNDana karane meM anya kauna samartha ho sakatA hai|" usa bauddha vidyApITha meM Aye hae aise jaina vidyArthiyoM ko kisa upAya se khojA jAya isa vicAra meM vaha bauddhAcArya nimagna ho gyaa| kucha kSaNoM taka vicAra magna rahakara bauddhAcArya ne usakA upAya khoja liyaa| usane tatkAla eka jina bimba AvAgamana ke pramukha sthala para rakhavA diyA aura vahAM ke sabhI prAvAsiyoM kA pAdeza diyA ki usa jina vimba para paira rakhakara hI AvAgamana kiyA jAya / Page #575 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 517 jo isa prakAra jina bimba para caraNa yugala rakha kara AvAgamana nahIM karegA usako isa vidyApITha meM nahIM rahane diyA jaaygaa| apane garu kI isa prAjJA ko zirodhArya kara saba bauddha vidyArthiyoM Adi ne jina bimba para paira rakhate hae evaM usa para pANi prahAra karate hue AvAgamana prArambha kara diyaa| haMsa aura paramahaMsa ne apane samakSa upasthita hae isa ghora saMkaTa se dukhita ho apane mana meM vicAra kiyA : "aba kyA kiyA jAya ?" yadi hama aisA nahIM karate haiM to ina hRdayahIna bauddhoM se jIvana kI koI AzA nhiiN| hamane apane guru kI AjJA kA ullaMghana kiyA hai usakA pariNAma aAja dikhAI de rahA hai / hama guru kI avajJA ke kAraNa isa ghora dharma aura prANa saMkaTa meM phaMsa gaye haiN|' phira bhI unhoMne guru nAma smaraNa karate hue dhIraja, sAhasa aura apanI pratyutpanna mati se kAma liyA / atyanta caturatApUrvaka chipe rUpa se unhoMne khar3iyA se jina bimba para bauddha cinha banAkara usa para paira rakhate hue AvAgamana kiyaa| para bauddhoM kI tIvra dRSTi se yaha bAta chipI nahIM raha sakI / unheM sandeha ho gyaa| jisakI puSTi hetu bauddhAcArya ne eka dUsarA upAya khoja nikAlA / eka dina arddha rAtri meM jabaki sabhI vidyArthI pragAr3ha nidrA meM soye hue the katipaya kAMsyapAtroM kA eka Dhera bar3I UMcAI se haMsa aura paramahaMsa ke pArzva meM tejI se girAyA gyaa| ina pAtroM ke girane se hue tIvra khaDa-khaDa jhana na na na karate kolAhala se una donoM sahodaroM ko nidrA bhaMga ho gaI / ve har3abar3A kara uTha baitthe| kisI Asanna saMkaTa kI AzaMkA se unake mukha se anAyAsa hI unake iSTadeva namoarihaMtANaM namo siddhANaM ke smaraNa kA svara gUja uThA / jaise hI ve sthira hae, sArI sthiti unakI samajha meM prA gii| unhoMne dekhA ki isa prakAra kI saMkaTa kI AzaMkA bharI sthiti meM hamAre mukha se hamAre iSTadeva kA nAma haThAt nikalatA hai ki nahIM, yaha jAnane ke liye cAra bauddhacara unake cAroM ora lage hue haiN| unhoMne unake mukha se Akasmika rUpa se abhivyakta hue namaskAra mantra ke uccAraNa ko suna liyA hai aura ve isa bAta se bauddhAcArya ko avagata karAne ke liye vahAM se cala par3e haiN| yaha samajhakara ki ava nizcita rUpa se unake prANoM para saMkaTa Ane vAlA hai, unhoMne tatkAla apane Apako eka chAte se bAMdhA aura usa chatra ko tAnakara eka chAtAdhArI sainika kI bhAMti ve Upara se nIce kUda pdd'e| isase unako kisI taraha kA kaSTa nahIM humA / ve bahuta UMcAI se pRthvI para bar3I AsAnI se utara pdd'e| utarate hI ve vahAM se bhaage| vahAM cAroM ora bar3I saMkhyA meM niyata bauddha sainika bhI unako bhAgate dekha kara unako pakar3ane ke liye daur3a pdd'e| una mainikoM ko nikaTa pAte dekhakara haMsa ne apane choTe bhAI paramahaMsa me kahA : .. "bandho ! tuma ava drutagati se bhAga jaao| guru ko praNAma kara uname mere avinayapUrNa aparAdha kI kSamA mAMganA / abhI to yaha Page #576 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 518 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa --bhAga 3 jo nagara dikha rahA hai isameM sUrapAla nAma kA eka zaraNAgata pratipAla rAjA rahatA / hai| tuma usake pAsa cale jaanaa| vaha tumheM guru ke pAsa pahu~cAne kA prabandha kara haMsa aura paramahaMsa donoM hI zatayodhi the| ataH zatayodhi haMsa ne samIpa Aye bauddha subhaToM kI usa bahuta bar3I sainika Tukar3I kA ekAkI hI bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha sAmanA kiyaa| para anta meM roma-roma meM lage bANoM se biddha haMsa niSprANa ho pRthvI para gira pdd'aa| paramahaMsa apane jyeSTha bhrAtA kI AjJAnusAra sUrapAla rAjA ke pAsa pahu~ca gyaa| bauddhabhaToM kI vaha sainika Takar3I bhI usakA pIchA karate hue rAjA sUrapAla ke pAsa pahu~ca gaI aura paramahaMsa ko unheM sauMpane ke liye bAra-bAra usa rAjA se balapUrvaka Agraha karane lge| rAjA ne kahA :-"merI zaraNa meM Aye hue prabodha se abodha aura akiMcana se akiMcana vyakti ko bhI le jAne kI kisameM sAmarthya hai ? tisa para yaha to mahAna vidvAn sakala kalAnoM kA niSNAta nyAyaniSTha aura dharmaniSTha, mahAn AtmA pratIta hotA hai| maiM ise kisI bhI dazA meM tumheM nahIM de sktaa|" bauddha sainika Tukar3I ke nAyaka ne kahA :- "eka dUra deza se Aye hue vyakti ke liye tuma anna, dhana, jana, saMkula samRddha apane rASTra aura rAjya se hAtha dhone ke liye kyoM udyata ho rahe ho ? hamAre bauddha nareza ko prakupita kara dene se Apako koI lAbha nahIM hone vAlA hai|" rAjA sUrapAla ne uttara diyA : -"mere pUrva puruSoM ne jo yaha vrata grahaNa kiyA hai ki prANoM kA visarjana bhale hI kara diyA jAya kintu zaraNAgata ko kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM tyAgA jAya, maiM to usa vrata kA pAlana prANapaNa se kruuNgaa| hAM, maiM eka upAya isakA batAtA huuN| Apa logoM ke vidyApITha kA koI eka vidvAn isa paramahaMsa ke sAtha zAstrArtha kre| yadi yaha vAda meM parAjita ho jAya to ise tuma le jA sakate ho aura yadi yaha vAda meM tumheM parAjita kara de to tumheM kSamAyAcanApUrvaka turanta loTa jAnA hogA / ise tuma nahIM le jA skoge|" bauddhoM ke nAyaka ne kahA : - "ApakA yaha prastAva hameM svIkAra hai| kintu eka bAta hai ki vAda meM hamAre vidvAnoM meM se eka bhI isa duSTa kA mUkha nahIM dekhegA kyoMki isane bhagavAna buddha ke mastaka para paira rakhakara calane kA gurutara aparAdha kiyA hai| jisakA daNDa mRtyu hai| yadi isameM zakti hai to apanI yuktiyoM kI puSTi aura hamAre vidvAnoM ke tarko kA khaNDana kre| yadi zAstrArtha meM vaha vijayI hotA hai to yaha kuzalatApUrvaka apane ghara jA sakatA hai| para yadi yaha parAjita ho jAtA . Page #577 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ . . vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 516 hai to bhagavAn buddha ke apamAna karane ke gurutara aparAdha ke daNDasvarUpa isakA vadha nizcita hai|" niyata samaya para donoM meM vAda prArambha huaa| eka parde ke andara baiThI huI bauddhoM kI zAsanAdhiSThAtrI devI ghaTamukhavAdinI bolatI hai aura dUsarI ora haribhadra sari ke ziSya paramahaMsa bolate haiN| una donoM ne paraspara eka dUsare ko nahIM dekhaa| vAda lambA calane lgaa| vAda ko lambA calate dekha paramahaMsa ne socA :- "bauddhAcArya chala-chadma meM bar3e niSNAta hote haiN| kisI adRzya zakti se ve mujhe chala rahe pratIta hote haiN| yadi inake pAsa koI adRzya zakti na ho to ina bauddhAcAryoM meM koI sAmarthya nahIM ki merI yuktiyoM kA ye khaNDana kara sakeM aura mere tarkoM ko nirasta kara skeN|" jaba zAstrArtha calate-calate aneka dina vyatIta ho gaye to paramahaMsa ko bar3I ciMtA huii| use kisI saMkaTa kA AbhAsa huaa| usane usa saMkaTa kI velA meM apanI jina zAsana.dhiSThAtrI devI ambA kA smaraNa kiyaa| vaha tatkAla paramahaMsa ke samakSa prakaTa huI aura bolI :- "vatsa ! bauddhadharma kI adhiSThAtrI tArAdevI usa ghaTa meM baiThI huI hai / nirantara askhalita vANI se bolatI rahatI hai / paramahaMsa ! tuma jaise mahAn vidvAn ke atirikta saMsAra meM anya kauna vidvAn deva-deviyoM ke sAtha vivAda meM kSaNa bhara bhI Thahara sakatA thaa| tuma aisA karo ki aba prAge zAstrArtha ke samaya AkrozapUrNa zabdoM meM kahanA ki vAda to vAdI tathA prativAdI ke eka-dUsare ke abhimukha hone para hI hotA hai| eka-dUsare ke sammukha hue binA vATa. hI kaisA? aisI sthiti meM vAdI mere sammukha pAe / anyathA meM use balAt sammukha lAtA huuN|" "tumhAre isa prakAra ke vyavahAra se bauddhoM kA sArA chala-chadma tatkAla prakaTa ho jAyegA aura anta meM nizcita rUpa se vijaya tumhArI hI hogii|" paramahaMsa ne kRtajJatApUrNa zabdoM meM devI ambA se nivedana kiyA :"mAtezvarI ! Apake bina, merI sAra samhAla karane vAlA aura hai hI kauna ?" jinazAsanadevI isake bAda tatkAla vahAM se tirohita ho gii| dUsare dina zAstrArtha prArambha huA to bauddhoM kI devI ke bolate rahane para bho mauna dhAraNa kara baiThe hue paramahaMsa ne Age bar3hakara parde (yavanikA) ko Upara uThA diyaa| vahAM koI nahIM thA / kevala eka ghaTa par3A huaA thA aura usI meM se vaha devI bola rahI thii| paramahaMsa ne eka hI pAda prahAra se usa ghaTa ko khaNDita-vikhaNDita kara diyA jisameM baiThI huI bauddha devI askhalita vANI meM usase zAstrArtha kara rahI thii| ghaTa Page #578 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 520 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ko cUNita-vicUriNata karane ke anantara paramahaMsa ne ghanarava sama gambhIra svara meM kahA :-"e narAdhama bauddhoM ! dambhapUrNa vAda mudrA meM jo aba taka bola rahA thA, use yahAM sammukha laayo|" rAjA sUrapAla ko una bauddhoM ke isa chala-chadma ko dekhakara bar3A Azcarya huA / vaha bar3A krodhita bhI huA / usane bauddha sainikoM ke nAyaka evaM bauddha vidvAnoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :---"tuma zatru bhAva se isa mahA muni paramahaMsa kA anyAyapUrvaka vadha karane ke liye kRta saMkalpa pratIta hote ho| para nyAyapUrNa vijaya kA dhanI, evaM prANI mAtra se prazaMsA prApta karane yogya sAdhu puruSa kyA vadhya hotA hai ? aba yadi tuma apanI isa durabhisandhi ko chor3ane ke liye udyata nahIM ho to sAvadhAna hokara suna lo ki maiM ise kabhI sahana nahIM kruuNgaa| tumhArI zarta ke anusAra tuma vAda meM hAra cake ho| aba to tuma mujhe yuddha meM parAjita karake hI ise le jA sakate ho / " para virodhI ke apAra sainya bala ko dekhakara rAjA ne aAMkha ke izAre se paramahaMsa ko vahAM se bhAga jAne kA saMketa kiyA evaM use eka tIvra cAla se daur3ane vAlA ghor3A de diyaa| rAjA ke saMketAnusAra paramahaMsa ne bar3I tIvra gati se vahAM se palAyana kiyaa| palAyana karate hue usane nagara ke bAhara eka dhobI ko dekhaa| dhobI ke pAsa ke vastroM ke gaTTharoM meM se usane rajaka yogya eka do vastra lekara apanA veSa parivartana kiyA / paramahaMsa svayaM to rajaka bana gayA aura usa dhobI ko apane vastra pahanAkara kahA-"tuma mere isa ghor3e para baiTha kara jitanI drutagati se bhAga sako, bhAga jaao| anyathA tumhAre khUna ke pyAse ye bauddha sainika jo pIche-pIche A rahe haiM, tumheM dekhate hI mauta ke ghATa utAra deNge|" dhobI ne tatkAla paramahaMsa ke kapar3e pahane aura usI ke ghor3e para baiThakara apane prANoM kI rakSA ke lie vikaTa aTavI kI ora bar3I hI druta gati se bhAga gayA / idhara paramahaMsa pAsa ke hI eka sarovara meM kapar3e dhone meM tallIna ho gyaa| thor3I hI dera meM bauddha subhaTa sarovara ke pAsa prA pahaMce aura usase pUchane lage .--"are o rajaka ! kyA tumane idhara bhAga kara pAte hae eka ghuDasavAra ko dekhA hai ? patha para usake padacinha dRSTigocara nahIM hote, vaha kidhara bhAgA hai ?" hAtha ke vastroM ko sarovara ke jala meM prAsphAlita karate hue rajaka veSadhArI paramahaMsa ne grAmyabhASA bolate hue vikRta svara meM uttara diyA : .. "vaha cora usa vanI kI ora bhAga gayA hai / mere bahuta se vastra bhI curAkara le gayA hai / maiM bahata cillAyA para merI eka na sunii| hAya rAma ! maiM to lUTa hI gyaa|" Page #579 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 521 bauddha subhaTa usa rajaka ko vahIM chor3a usake dvArA batAI huI dizA kI ora daur3a par3e aura kucha hI kSaraNoM meM ve paramahaMsa kI prAMkhoM se projhala ho gaye / paramahaMsa bhI jisa dizA meM bauddha subhaTa gaye the usase bhinna dizA meM bhAgane lagA / aneka dinoM taka nirantara bhAgate hue paramahaMsa antatogatvA eka dina apane sthAna citrakUTa nagara meM pahuMcA / gurucaraNoM kI sevA meM upasthita hote hI apanA mastaka gurucaraNoM para rakhate hue usane sarvaprathama apane jyeSTha sahodara aura svayaM dvArA guru AjJA ke pratikUla kiye gaye aparAdha ke liye kSamAyAcanA karate hue" tanme mithyA bhavatu duSkRtam " kA antarmana se uccAraNa kara apane duSkRta kI zuddhi kI / tadanaMtara paramahaMsa ne atha se iti taka sAre ghaTanAcakra ko yathAvat apane guru ko sunAyA / paramahaMsa jyoM hI apane guru ke samakSa apane jyeSTha bandhu kI mRtyu kA vRtAnta sunA rahA thA ki usI samaya usa para hRdayAghAta huA aura vaha niSprANa ho guru caraNoM para lur3haka gayA / prAcArya haribhadra sUri ko apane prabhAvaka evaM medhAvI ziSyoM ke Akasmika avasAna para bar3A dukha huA / unake muMha se sahasA avasAdapUrNa vAkya nikala par3e "yaha merA kaisA durbhAgya hai ki ina honahAra yazasvI kula meM utpanna hue jinazAsana prabhAvaka mere donoM yogya aura vinIta ziSyoM kA isa prakAra asamaya meM hI avasAna ho gayA / kyA mere yoga hai ki maiM ziSya sampatti vihIna hI rahUMgA ? " apane suyogya ziSyoM kI viyogAgni se santapta haribhadra sUri ke hRdaya meM sahasA bauddhoM para krodha ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara gayA / ve socane lage :- "bauddhoM dvArA kiye gaye isa nRzaMsa aparAdha kA yadi maiMne pratizodha nahIM le liyA to antima samaya taka yaha zalya mere hRdaya meM trizUla ke samAna khaTakatA rahegA / " -- isa prakAra pratizodha lene kA dRDha saMkalpa karake haribhadra binA apane guru ko pUche apane upAzraya sthala se cala par3e / ve sIdhe rAjA sUrapAla ke pAsa pahuMce / unhoMne rAjA ko zrAzISa dete hue kahA :-- "he zaraNAgata pratipAla ! narapati ! tumane paramahaMsa kI rakSA ke liye jo sAhasa dikhAyA hai usakI zabdoM dvArA prazaMsA nahIM kI jA sakatI / yaha Apa hI kA prazaMsanIya anupama sAhasa thA ki apAra sainyabala ke ghanI bauddharAja kI kiMcitmAtra bhI paravAha kiye binA Apane apane zaraNAgata kI rakSA kii| mere prANapriya niraparAdha ziSyoM ke sAtha jo amAnavIya vyavahAra ina bauddhoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai usake pratikAra ke lie maiM samasta bauddhoM ko parAjita karanA cAhatA huuN|" rAjA sUrapAla ne kahA :- "mahAtman ! jisa prakAra Apa unheM jItanA cAhate haiM usI prakAra merI bhI unako parAjita karane kI utkaTa icchA hai / parantu ve loga bar3e hI prapaMcI kuTila aura chala chadma se bhare hue haiN| unakA sainyabala bhI Page #580 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 522 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 apAra hai| ina saba tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hae una ajeya bauddhoM ko kisI prapaMca se hI jItA jA sakatA hai| aisA prapaMca to maiM racanA jAnatA hUM jisase ve svataH hI naSTa ho jaayeN| para isake sAtha eka bAta maiM Apase jAnanA cAhatA hUM ki kyA Apa meM koI aisI adbhuta zakti hai ki jisase Apa vAda meM unase parAjita nahIM ho sko| vAda meM unake vidvAnoM ko jIta sko|" prAcArya haribhadra ne kahA :-"rAjana abhI to isa dharatI para mujhe zAstrArtha meM jItane vAlA koI paidA nahIM huaa| zAsanAdhiSThAtrI ambikAdevI aharniza mere pArzva meM rahatI hai|" haribhadra kI bAta sunakara rAjA sUrapAla ke Ananda kA pArAvAra na rhaa| usane tatkAla eka atIva vAkpaTa, prapaMcaracanA meM pravINa aura vicakSaNa buddhizAlI dUta ko bauddhoM kI rAjadhAnI meM bhejaa| usa dUta ne bauddha guru ke samakSa upasthita hokara nivedana kiyA ki sAkSAt sarasvatI svarUpa guruvara ! mere rAjA sUrapAla ne pragAr3ha zraddhAbhakti ke sAtha prApako praNAma karate hue yaha prArthanA kI hai :-"mere nagara meM eka vidvAn pAyA hai jo apane Apako ajeya udbhaTavAdI kahatA hai / Apa jaise tribhuvana vikhyAta vidvAn ke samakSa usa garvonmatta vidvAn kA apane Apako vAdI ke rUpa meM abhihita karanA hameM sahana nahIM hotA / vaha Apake dvArA vijita ho jAne para svayameva nidhana ko prApta ho jAya, isa prakAra kI vyavasthA kI jAnI caahiye|" __ vaha bauddha AcArya bolA :-"maiM use kSaNa bhara meM hI parAjita kara duuNgaa| kintu tuma yaha batAo ki kyA vaha vAdI isa prakAra kI pratijJA karane ko udyata hai ki yadi vaha mujha se vAda meM parAjita hayA to svayameva nirdhArita rIti se apanA prANAnta kara legA?" __ vacana cAturI meM niSNAta dUta ne kahA :-"maiM isake lie use rAjI kara lgaa| maiM apanI vAkpaTutA se asambhava ko bhI sambhava banAne kI kSamatA rakhatA huuN| Apa to basa itanA pratijJA-patra bhara dIjiye ki zAstrArtha meM jo bhI parAjita ho jAyagA vaha pratapta tela se bhare hue kaDAha meM kUdakara apanA prANAnta kara legaa|" bauddhAcArya vAMchita pratijJA patra bharane ko rAjI ho gye| do-cAra dinoM ke pazcAt bauddhAcArya prati vizAla sevaka samUha ke sAtha rAjA sUrapAla kI sabhA meM pahuMce aura vAMchita pratijJA-patra bharakara haribhadra sUri ke sAtha zAstrArtha karanA prArambha kiyaa| bauddhAcArya ne mana hI mana socA-"isa sAdhAraNa jainavAdI ke sAtha vAda karane ke liye apanI adhiSThAtrI devI ko smaraNa karane kA kyA prayojana hai kyoMki vaise bhI vaha parAjita zatru kA tatkAla prANAnta nahIM krtii| maiM Page #581 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravarttI prAcArya ] [ 523 use vaise hI AsAnI se parAjita karake zarta ke anusAra usakA prAraNAnta karavA dUMgA / " yaha vicAra kara bauddhAcArya ne binA devI kA smaraNa kiye hI haribhadra ke sAtha zAstrArtha prArambha karate hue bauddha dharma ke pramukha siddhAnta kSaNikavAda ko apane pakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA / AcArya haribhadra ne bauddhAcArya kI yuktiyoM ko khaMDita vikhaMDita karate hue apanI akATya yuktiyoM se kucha hI kSaNoM meM niruttara evaM parAjita kara diyA / 'bauddhAcArya parAjita ho gayA / ' sabhyoM ke isa nirNaya ko sunate hI bauddhAcArya ko zarta ke anusAra pratapta tela ke kar3Aha meM kUdakara apane prANa dene pdd'e| vahAM upasthita kaI bauddha vidvAn vAda ke liye eka ke bAda eka haribhadra ke samakSa upasthita hue aura haribhadra se parAjita ho jAne para zarta ke anusAra unhoMne bhI pratapta tela ke kar3Aha meM kUdakara apane prAraNAnta kara liye / antatogatvA pIche bace hue bauddha vidvAnoM meM nirAzA chA gaI aura ve sabhI apanI adhiSThAtrI devI ko kosane lage / devI prakaTa hokara kahane lagI- " maiM tumhAre kaTu vacanoM se kiMcitamAtra bhI ruSTa nahIM hUM / kintu eka bAta jo maiM tumheM kahanA cAhatI hUM use dhyAna se suno| tumhAre siddhAntoM kA adhyayana karane kI utkaTa icchA se jo do kizora bar3e dUra deza se tumhAre yahA~ Aye the, unakI jJAna kI bhUkha itanI tIvra thI ki isake liye tumhAre dvArA bAdhya kiye jAne para apane ArAdhya jinezvara ke sira para paira rakhane jaise ghora pApa kArya karane meM bhI saMkoca nahIM kiyA / hAlAMki isameM kucha caturAI se unhoMne kAma liyA / nyAyamArga ke pathika ve donoM muni jaba apane prANoM kI rakSA ke liye palAyana kara rahe the usa vakta una bhAgate hue donoM bhAiyoM meM se eka ko tumane nRzaMsatApUrvaka mAra DAlA thaa| usI pApa kA phala aba tuma loga bhoga rahe ho| isaliye aba zoka ko dUra kara zIghra hI apane apane sthAna ko lauTa jaao| isa jainAcArya se bAda meM mata par3o / itanA kahakara devI tirohita ho gaI / ve bace hue bauddha vidvAn bhI apane apane sthAna ko lauTa gaye / bauddhoM ke pratapta telakuNDa meM kUdane kI ghaTanA ke sambandha meM kucha lekhaka yaha mAnate haiM ki haribhadra sUri ne apane mantrabala se bauddhoM ko AkRSTa karake unhoMne unheM hue 'tela ke 'kuNDa meM DAlA / tape jina bhaTTa sUri ne apane ziSya haribhadra ke isa adbhuta prakopa ke sambandha meM apane ziSyajanoM se jaba sunA to ve svayaM calakara surapAla ke pAsa Aye / unhoMne dhIra gambhIra madhura vacanoM se haribhadra ko samajhA-bujhAkara zAnta kiyA / " maiMne ziSyoM ke moha meM par3akara isa prakAre kA ghora duSkarma kiyA hai" aisA samajhakara parama guru bhakta haribhadra ne apane pApa kI zuddhi ke liye guru ke AdezAnusAra ghora tapazcaraNa prArambha Page #582 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 524 1. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kiyaa| kaThina tapazcaryA se unhoMne apane zarIra ko sukhA ddaalaa| para ziSyoM kA zoka unako sadA santapta karatA hI rhaa| unheM prati cintita dekhakara adhiSThAtrI devI ne unake samakSa prakaTa hokara kahA-"ghara dvAra anna, dhana, putra kalatrAdi ke saMga se pUrNataH vimukta tumhAre jaise niHsaMga sAdhaka ke hRdaya meM paritApa kaisA? jina zAsana ke siddhAntoM aura zAstroM meM niSNAta, vizuddha buddhi ke dhanI ! yaha tuma se chipA nahIM hai ki apane-apane karmoM kA phala samaya Ane para sabako bhoganA par3atA hai / prAcArya vara ! guru ke caraNa kamaloM ko apane hRdaya meM rakhate hue vizuddha tapazcaraNa se apane janma ko saphala banAo jisase ki tumhAre saba duSkRta naSTa ho jaayN|" haribhadra ne zAsana devI se nivedana kiyA : "ambe ! mujhe isa bAta kA zoka nahIM hai ki mere do vinIta ziSya paMcatva ko prApta hue| para mujhe isa bAta kA bar3A duHkha hai ki mere pazcAt merA pavitra gurukula samApta ho jaaygaa|" isa para ambA ne kahA : "vatsa ! vastutaH tumane kula vRddhi kA puNya saMcita nahIM kiyA hai / mahAmune ! tumane to kevala apanI zAstra santati ke rUpa meM vizAla zAstroM ke samUha kI racanA kA hI puNya saMcaya kiyA hai|" haribhadra ne yaha sunakara apane zoka ko dUra kara diyaa| unhoMne sarvaprathama samarArka caritra (samarAiccakahA) kI racanA kI, jo lagabhaga bAraha zatAbdiyoM se jaina sAhitya ke kSitija meM mahAn grantha ratna ke rUpa meM lokapriya hai| samarAiccakahA kI racanA ke pazcAt haribhadrasUri ne lagabhaga 1500 prakaraNoM kI racanA kI aura ina grantha ratnoM ko hI haribhadra sUri ne apanI santati ke rUpa meM maanaa| apane aMtyanta priya ziSyoM ke viraha ko na bhulA pAne ke kAraNa unhoMne apanI pratyeka racanA ke anta meM apane nAma ke sAtha 'bhava viraha' pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| ........ " prAcArya haribhadra mahAn kRtajJa the| yadi unheM kRtajJa ziromariNa bhI kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| jisa vayovRddhA sAdhvI ne "cakkiduggaM haripaNagaM........ ___ isa gAthA ke mAdhyama se na kevala samyag bodha kA kintu zramaNa dharma kA bhI unheM lAbha karavAyA thA unako jIvana bhara ve apanI dharma mAtA hI kahate rhe| AcArya haribhadra ne usa mahanIyA sAdhvI ke prati apanI asIma kRtajJatA vyakta karane hetu apanI pratyeka kRti ke anta meM apane nAma se pahale 'bhava viraha' ke pazcAt 'yAkinI mahattarAsUnu' isa padAvali kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / Page #583 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 525 svayaM dvArA racita una lagabhaga 1500 se bhI adhika zAstroM kI TIkAtroM tathA granthoM kA deza ke kaune-kaune meM kisa prakAra se pracAra-prasAra kiyA jAya ve isa vicAra meM nirata rahane lage / eka dina unhoMne kArpAsika nAmaka eka vyakti ko dekhA jisake hRdaya meM jinazAsana ke prati thor3A prema avaziSTa raha gayA thA / usako dekhate hI zubha zakuna hue / nimitta jJAna se prAcArya haribhadra jAna gaye ki isI vyakti ke mAdhyama se unakI una sahasroM mahatvapUrNa dharma racanAoM kA deza meM cAroM ora prasAra hone vAlA hai / yaha jAnakara unhoMne usa kArpAsika vaNik se prakaTa meM kahA :- "jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM dharmagranthoM kI, sundara kRtiyoM kI pratiyAM likhavA kara aura unheM zramaNa zramaraNI varga ko dAna dekara tuma apUrva puNya kA arjana kro| tumheM isase itanA puNya hogA ki jisakI tuma kalpanA nahIM kara sakate / " isa para vaha isa kArya ko karane ke liye saharSa samudyata ho gayA / AcArya haribhadra ne usase phira kahA :-- " Aja se tIna dina pazcAt dUsare deza ke vyApAriyoM kA eka bahuta bar3A samUha tumhAre nagara ke bAhara AvegA / unake pAsa jitanA bhI jaisA bhI krayAka ho vaha tuma kraya kara lenA / usa krayAka se tuma deza ke eka mAne hue pramukha Rddhivanta zrImanta bana jAoge / " J zreSThI kArpAsika ne grakSarazaH AcArya deva ke kathana kA paripAlana kiyA / vaha vipula Rddhi kA svAmI bana gayA / usane AcArya haribhadra dvArA racita sabhI dharmagranthoM ko lipikAroM se likhavA likhavA kara unheM deza ke kauna-kaune meM maraNa zramaNiyoM meM vitarita kiyaa| usane aneka jinamandiroM kA nirmANa bhI karavAyA / AcArya haribhadra ne kArpAsika zreSThI kI bhAMti hI anya bhavyoM ko prabuddha kara unake mAdhyama se jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke anekoM kArya karavAye / AcArya haribhadra sUri ko eka ati prAcIna jIrNa-zIraNaM sthAna-sthAna para dImakoM dvArA khAI huI mahAnizItha zAstra kI prati milii| unake samaya meM usa prati ke atirikta mahAnizItha kI koI anya prati kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM thI / AcArya haribhadra sUri ne aharniza athak zrama karate hue apane prakANDa pANDitya evaM prabala mati vaibhava ke bala para usa mahAnizItha zAstra grantha kA uddhAra kiyA / rikta sthAnoM paMktiyoM patroM Adi ko pUrvApara prasaMga ke anusAra punarracanA karate hue mahAnizItha mUtra kA kucha punalagvana bhI kiyA / Page #584 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 526 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 prAcArya haribhadra sUri ke sattAkAla ke sambandha meM kucha hI varSoM pUrva aneka prakAra kI bhrAntiyAM thiiN| deza ke gaNyamAnya jaina vidvAnoM ne samUcita zodha ke pazcAt inakA sattAkAla vikrama samvat 757 se 827 ke bIca nirNIta kiyA hai| ina saba para isI granthamAlA ke dvitIya bhAga tathA prastuta tRtIya bhAga meM bhI vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai|' 4 . madamenews kulaguruSoM ke sambandha meM maryAdA kA nirdhAraNa battIsaveM (32) yuga pradhAnAcArya puSyamitra ke prAcArya kAla meM ghaTita huI katipaya ghaTanAoM ke paryAlocana se prakaTa hotA hai ki usa samaya taka apane Apa ko suvihita paramparA ke nAma se abhihita karane vAlI adhikAMza zramaNa paramparAoM para bhI caityavAsI paramparA ke zithilAcAra kA paryApta prabhAva par3a cukA thaa| amuka parivAra kA maiM kulaguru hUM, paramparA se amuka zrAvaka parivAra merA upAsaka rahA hai| isa viSaya ko lekara samaya-samaya para caurAsI gacchoM ke prAcAryoM meM vivAda hone lge| isa prakAra ke vivAdoM kA eka spaSTa ullekha prAcIna patroM meM upalabdha hotA hai jo isa prakAra hai : vikrama saM. 202 (vIra ni. saM. 672) meM bhinnamAla ke vizAla rAjya para solaMkI vaMza kA rAjA ajitasiMha rAjya karatA thaa| aneka zatAbdiyoM taka bhinnamAla para isI vaMza kA zAsana rahA / vi. saM. 503 (vIra ni. saM. 973) meM bhinnamAla para isI vaMza ke rAjA siMha kA rAjya thaa| rAjA siMha ke koI putra nahIM hayA ataH usane pravantI nivAsI mohaka nAmaka kSatriya ke sadyaprasUta putra ko apanA dattaka putra ghoSita kara usakA lAlana pAlana evaM zikSaNa-dIkSaNa kiyaa| rAjA siMha ne apane isa dattaka putra kA nAma 'jaipAraNa' rakhA / vi. saM. 527 (vIra ni. saM. 667) meM rAjA siMha kA dehAvasAna ho jAne para 'jaiANa' bhinnamAla ke rAja siMhAsana para AsIna huaa| jaimANa ke pazcAt usakA putra zrI karNa aura zrI karNa ke pazcAt zrI karNa kA putra saMmUla vi. saM. 605 (vIra ni. saM. 1075) meM bhinnamAla ke vizAla rAjya kA svAmI bnaa| rAjA saMmUla kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vi. saM. 645 (vIra ni. saM. 1115) meM usakA putra gopAla bhinnamAla ke rAjya siMhAsana para AsIna huA / 30 varSa taka zAsana karane ke anantara rAjA gopAla ke paMcatva ko prApta ho jAne para usakA putra rAmadAsa vi. ' jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, prathama saMskaraNa, pRSTha 712, bhAga 3 hArila sUri kA prkrnn| Page #585 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 527 saM 675 ( vIra ni. saM. 1145 ) meM bhinnamAla ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna huA / vi. saM. 705 ( vIra ni. saM. 1975) meM rAmadAsa kA putra sAmanta bhinnamAla rAjya kA svAmI banA / rAjA sAmaMta ke jayaMta aura vijayaMta nAmaka do putra hue / sAmaMtarAja ne apane vizAla rAjya ko bhinnamAla aura lohiyANa ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara apane donoM putroM meM bAMTa diyA / vi. saM. 716 ( vIra ni. saM. 1986 ) meM jayanta ko bhinnamAla ke rAjasiMhAsana para aura vijayanta ko lohiyAraNa ke rAjasiMhAsana para bhaSikta kiyA gayA / kintu apane pitA kI mRtyu ke kucha samaya pazcAt hI jayanta ne balAt apane bhrAtA vijayanta ke lohiyAraNa rAjya ko usase chInakara apane bhinnamAla rAjya meM sammilita kara liyA / vijayanta lohiyANa se palAyana kara veNA ke tIra para avasthita zaMkhezvara nAmaka grAma meM apane mAmA ratnAditya ke putra vrajasiMha ke pAsa rahane lagA / usa samaya zaMkhezvara meM vRhadgacchIya prAcArya sarvadeva sUri kA cAturmAsa thA / vijayanta pratidina grAcArya zrI kA upadeza sunane jAtA aura unake upadezoM se prabodha pA vaha vikrama saM. 723 ( vIra ni. saM 1993) kI kArtika zuklA 10 guruvAra ke dina samakita ke sAtha-sAtha bAraha vrata aMgIkAra kara jaina dharma kA anuyAyI bana gayA / tadanantara ratnAditya ne apane donoM bhAnajoM meM sandhi karavA kara vijayanta ko punaH lohiyAraNa ke rAjasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha karavAyA / lagabhaga 12 varSoM taka vijayanta lohiyANa kI prajA para nyAya nItipUrvaka zAsana karatA rahA / vi. saM. 735 ( vIra ni. saM. 1205 ) meM vijayanta kA dehAvasAna ho gayA aura usakA putra jayamala lohiyAraNa ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / chaH varSa taka zAsana karane ke pazcAt jayamala kAladharma ko prApta huA / usake koI putra nahIM thA ataH usakA maMjhalA bhAI jogA vi. saM. 741 ( vIra nirvAraNa saM. 1211 ) meM lohiyAraNa kA adhipati vana gyaa| jogarAja ke bhI putra nahIM huA / ataH vi. saM. 749 ( vIra ni. saM. 1216 ) meM usake paralokavAsI hone para usakA choTA bhAI jayavaMta lohiyAraNa rAjya kA svAmI huA / / banA kI jayavanta ke jayavanta ke banA aura zrImalla nAmaka do putra hue rAjyakAla meM hI mRtyu ho gaI aura zrImalla ne nAgendra gaccha graharaNa kara lo jo prAge calakara soma prabhAcArya ke nAma se kAraNa jayavanta kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA pautra ( banA kA putra) bhANa vi. saM. 764 ( vIra ni. saM. 1234 ) meM lohiyAraNa ke rAja siMhAsana para baiThA / zramaraNa dharma kI dIkSA vikhyAta huA / isI unhIM dinoM bhinnamAla ke prati vRddha rAjA jayanta kI mRtyu ho gaI / usake koI putra nahIM thA / ataH uttarAdhikAra ke prazna ko lekara usake kuTambiyoM meM kalaha meM Page #586 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 528 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 prArambha ho gyaa| bhinnamAla rAjya meM hue isa gRha kalaha kA lAbha uThAkara lohiyAraNa ke rAjA bhANa ne bhinnamAla ke rAjasiMhAsana para bhI adhikAra kara liyaa| lohiyAraNa aura bhinnamAla ina donoM rAjyoM ke paraspara vilaya ke kAraNa rAjA bhAraNa eka zaktizAlI zAsaka ke rUpa meM ubhraa| usane zaurya evaM sAhasa ke sAtha bhinnamAla rAjya kA kramazaH vistAra karake gaMgAnadI ke taTa taka usakI sImAeM sthApita kii| Upara yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki bhinnamAla ke rAjA sAmanta kA kaniSTha putra vijayanta vi. saM. 723 meM veNAtaTavartI zaMkhezvara grAma meM jaina dharma kA anuyAyI bana gayA thaa| usa vijayanta ke pazcAt bhAraNa taka lohiyAraNa ke jitane rAjA hue ve sabhI jainadharma ke anuyAyI hue| rAjA mAraNa bhI jaina dharma kA dRr3ha anuyAyI evaM parama zraddhAlu zrAvaka thaa| usa samaya ke jaina saMgha meM rAjA bhAraga kI sarvAgraNI pramukha zrAvaka ke rUpa meM gaNanA kI jAtI thii| vi. saM. 775 (vIra ni. saM. 1245) meM vahada gaccha ke prAcArya zrI somaprabha kA bhinnamAla meM Agamana huaa| unake upadeza se rAjA jayanta kI mRtyu ke pazcAt rAja parivAra meM jo kalaha utpatra huA thA, vaha zAnta ho gyaa| rAjA bhAraNa ne zrI soma prabhAcArya se usa varSa bhinnamAla meM hI cAturmAsAvAsa karane kI Agraha pUrNa prArthanA kii| samasta zrI saMgha tathA saMghAgraNI rAjA bhANa kI prArthanA svIkAra kara vIra ni. saM. 1245 meM somaprabhAcArya ne bhinnamAla nagara meM cAturmAsAvAsa kiyaa| rAjA aura prajA ne cAturmAsAvadhi meM niyamita rUpa se prAcArya zrI ke vacanAmRta kA pAna karate hue dhArmika kArya-kalApoM meM gaharI abhiruci lii| usa samaya taka sadala bala saMgha ke sAtha tIrthayAtrAeM karane kA pracalana paryApta lokapriya ho cukA thaa| somaprabha sUri ke upadeza se bhinnamAla ke caturvidha saMgha ne sarvasammati se vizAla saMgha ke sAtha zatrujaya tathA giranAra kI yAtrA karane kA nizcaya kiyA / bhinnamAla ke zrI saMgha ne bahatagacchIya prAcArya zrI somaprabha aura anyAnya gacchoM ke aneka prAcAryoM ko tIrtha yAtrA ke liye usa vizAla yAtrA saMgha meM sammilita hone kI prArthanA kii| usa samaya rAjA bhANa ne kula paramparA se cale A rahe kulaguru udayaprabha sUri ko bhI usa saMgha yAtrA meM sammilita hone ke lie prAmatrita kiyA / uma maMgha yAtrA meM sammilita hone ke liye caurAsI gacchoM ke prAcArya, sAdhu sAdhvI evaM zrAvaka zrAvikAgaNa bhinnamAla meM ekatrita hue| bhANa rAjA ke usa saMgha meM 7000 ratha, 12500 ghor3e, 10011 hAthI, 7000 pAlakiyAM, 25000 UMTa, 5000 mAla Dhone ke gADe aura 11000 bailagAr3iyAM susajjita kI gii| rAjA bhANa ko saMghavI pada para abhiSikta karane ke samaya kulaguru udayaprabha sUri rAjA bhANa ke tilaka karane ke lie udyata hue / usa samaya rAjA bhANa ke saMsArI pakSa ke pitRvya (cAcA) somaprabha sUri ne kahA "rAjA bhANa ke saMghavI pada Page #587 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 526 kA tilaka maiM karUMgA kyoMki mere upadeza se hI isa saMgha yAtrA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA hai|" - isa para prAcArya somaprabha aura prAcArya udayaprabha ke bIca paraspara vivAda uTha khar3A huA / rAjA bhAraNa ne vibhinna saMghoM ke prAcAryoM ko maMtraNA hetu eka sthAna para ekatrita kiyA aura unase pUchA ki vastuta: saMghavI pada kA tilaka karane kA adhikAra AcArya zrI somaprabha kA hai yA prAcArya zrI udayaprabha kA ? sabhI AcAryoM ne mantraNA kara nirNaya diyA ki tilaka karane kA adhikAra rAjA ke kula paramparAgata kulaguru prAcArya udayaprabha kA hai, na ki saMgha yAtrArtha pratibodha athavA preraNA dene vAle AcArya somaprabha sUri kaa| vibhinna gacchoM ke prAcAryoM dvArA diye gaye usa nirNaya ko sabhI ne zirodhArya kiyA aura AcArya udayaprabha ne rAjA bhANa ke bhAla para saMghavI kA tilaka kiyaa| saMghavI pada para rAjA bhAraNa ke abhiSikta kiye jAne para vaha vizAla saMgha tIrthayAtrArtha prasthita huaa| kulaguru ke prazna ko lekara bhaviSya meM kabhI kisI prakAra kA koI vivAda khar3A na ho isa uddezya se kulagurupoM kI maryAdAeM sadA ke lie nirdhArita kara dene kA rAjA bhAga ne nizcaya kiyaa| isa sambandha meM rAjA bhAraNa, jahAM jahAM bhI saMgha kA par3Ava hotA vahAM vahAM saMgha ke sAtha Aye hue sabhI AcAryoM se mantraNA evaM vicAra vinimaya karatA / isa prakAra aneka dinoM ke vicAra-vinimaya ke pazcAt rAjA bhAraNa aura sabhI saMghoM ke prAcArya isa viSaya meM eka nirNaya para pahuMce aura unhoMne kulagurutroM ke adhikAroM kI nimnalikhita maryAdA nirdhArita kii| "jo koI prAcArya jisa kisI bhI vyakti ko pratibodha degA, vahI prAcArya aura usake paTTadhara usa pratibodhita vyakti ke sampUrNa parivAra ke pIDhI prapIr3hiyoM taka kulaguru mAne jaayeNge| pratyeka kulaguru svayaM dvArA athatA apane ziSya praziSyoM evaM guru-pragurupoM dvArA pratibodhita zrAvakoM ke nAma tathA usake parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM ke nAma apanI baho meM likhegaa| isa prakAra kulagurupoM dvArA apanI-apanI bahiyoM meM apane-apane zrAvakoM ke nAma likha liye jAne kI pravRtti se para deza meM rahane vAle zrAvakoM ke sambandha meM bhI saba logoM ko yaha vizvAsa rahegA evaM yaha jJAta rahegA ki amuka parivAra-amuka vyakti amuka guru kA zrAvaka hai| isI prakAra eka gaccha kA prAcArya kisI dUsare gaccha ke vyakti ko pratibodha dekara zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA lene ke liye kRta-saMkalpa Page #588 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 530 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 banAtA hai, zramaNatva grahaNa karane ke liye taiyAra karatA hai to usa dazA meM usa virakta vyakti ke kulaguru kI AjJA lekara hI use dIkSA dI jaay| yadi usameM kulaguru kI AjJA na mile to use dIkSita nahIM kiyA jAya / isI bhAMti pratiSThA, saMdhavI pada kA tilaka aura vrata pradAna Adi kArya bhI apane-apane kulaguru ke hAtha se ho sampanna karavAye jaayeN| aisA prasaMga upasthita hone para ki jaba kulaguru kahIM anyatra dUrastha pradeza meM gaye hue hoM to unheM Amantrita kara bulAyA jAya / isa prakAra bulAne para bhI yadi kulaguru nahIM AveM to usa dazA meM vaha gRhastha kisI dUsare gaccha ke prAcArya athavA guru ke hAthoM pratiSThAdi una kAryoM ko sampanna krvaale| ina kAryoM ke sampanna hone para pratiSThA Adi karAne vAle anya gaccha ke prAcArya hI usa samaya se usa zrAvaka ke kulaguru mAne jAeMge aura bhaviSya meM pratiSThA Adi kA prasaMga upasthita hone para una naye kulaguru bane hue AcArya athavA guru se hI pratiSThA Adi kArya karavAye jaaeNge|" isa prakAra maryAdAoM ke sambandha meM sarvasammata nirNaya se kulaguruoM kI maryAdAeM bAMdhI gaI aura unheM abhilekha ke rUpa meM likhA gyaa| usa likhata para athavA maryAdA patra para nAgendra gacchIya zrI (1) somaprabhAcArya, (2) upakezagacchIya zrI siddhasUri, (3.) nivRtti gacchIya zrI mahendra sUri, (4) vidyAghara gacchIya zrI hariyANanda sUri, (5) brAhmaNa gacchIya zrI jajjaga sUri, (6) sAMDera gacchIya zrI Izvara sUri, tathA (7) vRhad gacchIya zrI udayabhadra sUri prabhRti caurAsI gacchoM ke nAyakoM ne hastAkSara kiye| rAjA bhANa ne sAkSI ke rUpa meM usa likhata para apane hastAkSara kiye| yaha abhilekha varddhamAnapura meM vi. saM. 775 (vIra ni. saM. 1245) kI caitra zuklA saptamI ke dina likhA evaM hastAkSarita kiyA gyaa| vikrama kI 8vIM zatAbdI meM zramaNoM meM zithilAcAra kisa sImA taka bar3ha cukA thA isa para isa likhata se paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| apane-apane zrAvaka ko apanI-apanI prAcArya paramparA kA anuyAyI banAye rakhane ke liye satata prayatnazIla hI nahIM, apitu vivAda taka ke liye kaTibaddha rahanA, evaM vyApArI kI taraha bahiyAM rakha kara unameM apane-apane zrAvakoM, unake parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM ke nAma likhanA, dUsare gaccha ke anuyAyI zrAvakoM ko apane gaccha kA anuyAyI banAne kA prayAsa karanA, mamatva bhAva se zrAvaka varga ko apane gaccha meM hI sudar3ha rakhane ke liye vivAda meM ulajhanA aura pratiSThA, tIrthayAtrA Adi ke prasaMga para zrAvakoM ke bhAla Page #589 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI AcArya ] [ 531 para tilaka karanA Adi Adi kAryakalApa zramaraNoM dvArA, AcAryoM dvArA bar3e-bar3e samArohoM ke sAtha kiye jAte the / kulagurutroM kI maryAdA -nirdhAraNa viSayaka isa likhata se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA dvArA apanAye gaye zithilAcAra aura bAhyADambara pUrNa anuSThAnoM, prayojanoM evaM kriyA-kalApoM se jaina dharma tathA zramaNa paramparA meM mUla vizuddha svarUpa kI rakSA ke uddezya se jisa suvihita paramparA kA prAdurbhAva kiyA gayA thA, usa suvihita paramparA para bhI vIra nirvANa kI 12vIM - 13vIM zatAbdI meM caityavAsiyoM dvArA apanAye gaye zithilAcAra, bAhyADambara aura Agama virodhI tathAkathita dhArmika AyojanoM kA paryApta prabhAva par3a cukA thA / ina kulaguru ne isa prakAra parigraha rakhanA to prArambha kara diyA aura inakA parigraha uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA, kintu isa samaya taka inhoMne dAra parigraha vIkAra nahIM kiyA thaa| Age calakara ye kulaguru gRhastha bana gaye / Page #590 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAcArya kalaMka AcArya akalaMka digambara paramparA ke eka mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiM / inakA samaya vidvAnoM ne I0 san 720 se 780 taka kA nirdhArita kiyA hai / inhoMne aneka granthoM kI racanAeM kiiN| unameM mukhya haiM --- ( 1 ) tatvArtha vArtika sabhASya, ( 2 ) aSTazatI ( samantabhadra kRta prApta mImAMsA - devAgamastotra kI vRtti), (3) lAghavastava savRtti, ( 4 ) nyAya vinizcaya savRtti, (5) siddhi vinizcaya, (6) pramANa mImAMsA, ( 7 ) prameya mImAMsA, (8) naya mImAMsA, ( 2 ) nikSepa mImAMsA, tathA (10) pramANa saMgraha / AcArya kalaMka kA jo jIvana paricaya upalabdha hotA hai usameM inake pitA kA nAma puruSottama batAyA gayA hai| puruSottama mAnya kheTa ke rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA zubhatuMga ke maMtrI the / akalaMka ke choTe bhAI kA nAma nikalaMka thA / ye donoM bhAI kuzAgra buddhi the / eka dina ye donoM bhAI apane mAtA-pitA ke sAtha prAcArya ravigupta ke darzanArtha gaye / mAtA-pitA ke sAtha donoM bAlakoM ne bhI apane guru se brahmacarya vrata aGgIkAra kiyA / jaba ina donoM bhAiyoM ne kizoravaya pAra kI, usa samaya mAtA-pitA ne ina donoM bhAiyoM kA vivAha karane kA nizcaya kiyA kintu akalaMka aura nikalaMka ne mAtA-pitA ke Agraha ko asvIkAra karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM kaha diyA ki unhoMne bAlyAvasthA meM hI brahmacarya vrata gurudeva se graharaNa kara liyA thA / ataH aba ve jIvana paryanta akhaNDa brahmacArI hI raheMge / ina donoM bhAiyoM ne apane saMkalpa para dRr3ha rahate hue vidyAdhyayana kiyA aura akalaMka kI buddhi itanI tIvra thI ki kaThina se kaThina pATha bhI unheM eka bAra sunane mAtra se hI kaMThastha ho jAtA thA / vahI pATha nikalaMka ko do bAra sunane se kaMThAgra ho jAtA thA / isa prakAra ke kuzAgra buddhi hone ke kAraNa una donoM bhAiyoM ne svalpa samaya meM hI aneka vidyAnoM aura zAstroM meM pAraMgatatA prApta kara lI / una dinoM bauddha nyAya kI cAroM ora ghUma thI / bauddhoM kI nyAya aura tarkazAstra paddhati kA adhyayana karane kI una donoM bhAiyoM ke mana meM tIvra utkaMThA utpanna huI aura ve bauddha nyAya kA adhyayana karane ke liye bauddha maTha meM gaye / unhoMne apanA Page #591 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 533 dharma chipA kara bauddha vidyApITha meM praveza prApta kara liyA aura ve vahAM bar3I niSThA ke sAtha bauddha zAstroM kA adhyayana karane lge| una donoM bhAiyoM ne thor3e samaya meM hI bauddha zAstroM meM pAraMgatatA prApta kara lii| eka dina unake prAcArya jaba unheM anekAnta ke khaNDana kA pATha par3hA rahe the, to pUrva pakSa kA pATha kucha truTipUrNa raha jAne ke kAraNa svayaM prAcArya kI samajha meM nahIM prA. rahA thA / ataH unhoMne usa dina vaha pATha par3hAnA sthagita kara diyaa| donoM bhAiyoM ne bauddhAcArya dignAga ke anekAMta ke khaNDana ke azuddha pUrva pakSa ke pATha ko rAtri ke samaya zuddha kara diyaa| prAtaHkAla adhyayana kakSa meM likhe pATha para jaba AcArya kI dRSTi par3I to ve zuddha pATha ko dekhakara stabdha raha gye| unheM vizvAsa ho gayA thA ki unake vidyArthiyoM meM se nizcita rUpa se koI na koI jaina zikSArthI chadma veSa meM unake vidyApITha meM praviSTa ho gayA hai| unhoMne jaina vidyArthiyoM ko khoja nikAlane kA nizcaya kiyaa| prAcArya haribhadra ke haMsa aura paramahaMsa nAmaka donoM ziSyoM ko jina upAyoM se bauddhAcArya ne khoja nikAlA thA, usI prakAra ke upAyoM ko akalaMka aura nikalaMka ko khoja nikAlane ke liye bhI upayoga meM lAyA gayA / apane ziSyoM meM chadmaveSadhArI jaina kauna A gayA hai, isa bAta kA patA lagAne ke liye bauddhAcArya ne mArga meM aise sthAna para jinendra kI mUrti rakha dI jahAM se anivArya rUpeNa pratyeka zikSArthI ko AvAgamana karanA hI par3atA thaa| akalaMka aura nikalaMka ne usa mUrti para dhAgA DAla kara use anya chAtroM kI hI taraha lAMgha liyA / usa parIkSA meM apane abhISTa kI siddhi na haI dekha boddhAcArya ne eka dUsarA acuka upAya khoja nikAlA / madhya rAtri meM jaba saba zikSArthI nizzaMka pragADha nidrA meM so rahe the, usa samaya bauddhAcArya ne kAMsyapAtroM se bharA eka boga bar3I UMcAI se chAtroM ke zayanakakSa meM madhya bhAga ke rikta sthAna para giraayaa| kAMsyapAtroM ke girane se vidyuta kI kar3akar3AhaTa ke samAna hue karNabhedI bhISaNa nighopa ko suna kara sabhI zikSArthI tatkAla jAga uThe / apane Upara prANApahArI ghora saMkaTa pAyA samajha sabhI chAtroM ne apane-apane iSTa deva kA sasvara smaraNa kiyaa| akalaMka aura nikalaMka donoM bhAiyoM ke mukha se bhI sahasA "gaNamo arihaMtAraNaM, gamo siddhAraNaM Adi paMca-parameSTi-namaskAra mantra" ke svara gUMja uThe / parIkSA hetu sajaga praharI ke samAna vahAM khar3e bauddhAcArya ne una donoM bhAiyoM ko tatkAla pakar3a kara vidyApITha ke ekAMta kakSa meM bandI banAkara rakha diyA / rAtri kI nistabdhatA meM akalaMka aura nikalaMka donoM bhAI eka chatra ko pakar3a kara vidyApITha ke UparI kakSa me kUda par3e / bar3I hI kuzalatApUrvaka usa chatra ko kabhI tocchI to kabhI sIdhA rakhate hae ve donoM bhAI bauddha vidyApITha kSetra se bAhara Page #592 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 534 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3 sakuzala pRthvI para utara gaye aura unhoMne dabe pAMvoM bar3I tIvra gati se prANa rakSArtha palAyana prArambha kiyaa| . prAtaHkAla hone para usa bauddha vidyApITha ke niyamAnusAra una donoM bhAiyoM ko prANadaNDa dilAne hetu rAjA ke samakSa upasthita karane ke liye jana usa kakSa ke dvAra khole gaye, jisameM ki donoM bhAiyoM ko bandI banAkara rakkhA gayA thA, to usa kakSa meM unheM na pA unakI khoja meM cAroM ora rAjA kI AjJA se 'azvArohI sainika' daur3Aye gye| vikaTa vanI ko pAra kara jaba ve donoM bhAI eka sarovara ke pAsa pahuMce to nikalaMka ne dekhA ki azvArohI unakA pIchA karate hue bhAge A rahe haiN| usane akalaMka se kahA--"bhaiyA ! Aja jinazAsana ko Apa jaise ekasandhi sutIkSNa buddhi vidvAn kI AvazyakatA hai| jina zAsana ke liye anamola--amUlya apane jIvana ko Apa yena-kena-prakAreNa bcaaiye| dekhiye yaha vizAla sarovara tIna ora se pahAr3iyoM aura vizAla vRkSoM kI paMktiyoM se ghirA huA hai| lambI jhIloM ke samAna isa sarovara kI jalarAziyAM pahAr3oM ke bIca kI Ter3hI-mer3hI ati gaharI khAiyoM taka phailI huI haiM / Apa suyodhana ke samAna zvAsa nirodhapUrvaka jalastambhana kI yaugikI kriyA meM niSNAta haiM / isa vizAla sarovara meM Apako zatruoM kA TiDDI dala bhI prA jAya to nahIM khoja sakegA / maiM Apase hAtha jor3a kara prArthanA karatA hUM ki Apa sabhI prakAra ke moha mamatva kA eka hI jhaTake meM parityAga kara isa sarovara kI agAdha jala rAzi meM chupa jaaiye| jinendra prabhu ke vizvakalyANakArI dharma zAsana ke hita ke liye Apa zIghratApUrvaka jalarAzi meM praviSTa ho jAiye / zatruoM ke ghor3oM kI TApoM se ur3atI huI dhUli ke bAdala bar3I tIvra gati se hamAre pAsa ur3e pA rahe haiN| abhI zavoM kI kara dRSTi hama para nahIM par3I hai| Apako jinendra prabhu kI saugandha hai, jinazAsana kI zapatha hai / zIghratA kIjiye aura vRkSoM kI, latA-gulmoM ke jhuramuToM kI proTa meM dabe pAMvoM bhAgate hae dratagati se jAiye aura isa agAdha vistIrNa jalarAzi meM zatruoM kI prAMkhoM se ojhala ho jAiye / " __jinendra prabhu kI evaM jinazAsana kI zapatha ke pazcAt akalaMka ke samakSa aura koI rAstA nahIM thaa| eka bAra meM hI kSaNabhara meM apane antarhada se pIyapopama 'nehasAgara donoM DagoM se apane sneha kendra laghu sahodara para uDelatA huA akalaMka jhuramuToM kI proTa meM drutatara gati se bar3hatA huaA do parvatoM ke bIca kI Ter3hI-mer3hI jala rAzi meM samA gyaa| yaha dekhakara pUrNataH Azvasta ho nikalaMka bhI bar3I teja gati se vipina kI ora gulma-latA kuMjoM kI proTa letA huA bhaagaa| use bhAgatA dekha vastra prakSAlanArtha Page #593 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 535 sarovara ke ghATa para usI samaya pAyA hA eka rajaka (dhobI) bhI kisI bhayaMkara Apatti kI AzaMkA se nikalaMka kA pIchA karatA huA bhAgane lgaa| bauddharAja ke azvArohI nikalaMka aura dhobI ke padacinhoM kA anusaraNa karate hue unake pIche tIvra gati se ghor3e daur3Ate hue usa vikaTa aTavI kI ora bddh'e| kucha hI kSaNoM meM bauddha senA ke azvArohI una donoM bhAgane vAloM ke pAsa jA pahuMce aura unhoMne apanI talavAra kI tIkhI dhAra ke eka hI prahAra se una donoM ke sira kATa diye| unheM marA huA jAnakara bauddha sainika lauTa gaye / bauddha sainikoM ke lauTa jAne para akalaMka jalAzaya se bAhara nikale aura kaliMga ke ratnasaMcayapura nagara meM phuNce| vahAM unhoMne rAjA himazItala kI rAjasabhA meM bauddhAcArya saMghazrI ke sAtha zAstrArtha kiyA / zAstrArtha prArambha karate samaya saMghazrI ne yaha zarta rakhI thI ki vaha yavanikA (parde) ke pIche baiTha kara zAstrArtha kregaa| zAstrArtha bar3e lambe samaya taka calatA rahA aura 6 mahIne calate rahane para bhI java jaya-parAjaya kA nirNaya nahIM ho sakA to akalaMka ne isameM kucha rahAya kI AzaMkA se cakrezvarI devI kA smaraNa kiyaa| ___ cakrezvarI devI ne akalaMka ko batAyA :-"bauddhAcArya zAstrArtha nahIM kara rahA hai balki unako ArAdhyA devI tArA parde ke pIche rakhe ghaTa meM baiThI haI zAstrArtha kara rahI hai / kala tuma use Aja ke zAstrArtha meM usake dvArA kahI gaI antima bAta ko doharAne ko khaa| devI eka bAra kahI haI bAta ko nahIM dohraatii| ataH paha mauna rhegii| tuma usI samaya yavanikA ke andara praveza kara pANi-prahAra se usa ghaTa ko phor3a denA / bauddhAcArya ghaTa meM baiThI huI tArAdevI ke bala para hI abhI taka zAstrArtha meM parAjita nahIM ho sakA hai / ghaTa ke phor3a diye jAne para vaha pUrNataH zaktivihIna ho jAyagA aura zAstrArtha meM tumhAre samakSa kSaNa bhara bhI Tika nahIM skegaa|" dUsare dina himazItala kI rAjasabhA meM zAstrArtha ko prArambha karate hue akalaMka ne kala kahI huI bAta doharAne ko khaa| pratipakSa kI ora se prakalaMka ke kathana kA koI uttara nahIM milaa| pratipakSI ko mauna dekha kara akalaMka ne tatkAla yavanikA kA paTAkSepa karate hue usake andara praveza kiyaa| vahAM ghaTa ko dekha unhoMne pAda-prahAra se usa ghar3e ko phor3a diyA / akalaMka dvArA punaH punaH prazna kiye jAne para bhI vauddhAcArya saMghazrI kI jihvA to dUra proSTha taka nahIM hile / vaha avAk banA akalaMka kI ora dekhatA hI rhaa| Page #594 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 zAstrArtha ke nirNAyakoM ne akalaMka ko vijayI aura bauddhAcArya ko parAjita ghoSita kiyA / isase jaina dharma kI sarvatra mahatI prabhAvanA huI / 536 ] jaina vAMgmaya ke katipaya kathAnakoM meM kiMvadantI ke AdhAra para isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM ki rAjA himazItala kI rAjyasabhA meM hue zAstrArtha meM bauddhAcArya saMghazrI ke parAjita ho jAne para AcArya akalaMka ne apane laghu bhrAtA nikalaMka kI bauddhoM dvArA kI gaI hatyA ke pratizodha kI bhAvanA se apane prabhAva meM ye hue rAjA himazItala se bauddhoM kA sAmUhika saMhAra karavAyA / kintu tatkAlIna sabhI tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM taTastha bhAva se cintana-manana karane para yahI siddha hotA hai ki isa prakAra ke ullekhoM kA eka kiMvadantI se adhika koI mUlya nahIM / -nikalaMka kA bauddha vidyApITha meM chadma rUpa se adhyayana, rahasyodghATana, donoM bhAiyoM kA palAyana, nikalaMka aura dhobI kI bauddha sainikoM dvArA hatyA, akalaMka kA usa saMkaTa se baca nikalanA, akalaMka kA bauddhAcArya se 6 mAha taka zAstrArtha, cakrezvarI kA smaraNa, cakrezvarI dvArA ghaTa sambandhI rahasya kA prakAzana, akalaMka dvArA - "kala anta meM Apane kyA kahA thA, kRpayA punaH doharAiegA" - isa vAkya ke mAdhyama se bIte kala kI bAta punaH kahane kA bauddhAcArya se nivedana, bauddhAcArya kI ora se kisI uttara kA prApta na honA, akalaMka kA parde ko haTA kara andara praveza tathA pAdaprahAra se usa ghaTa kA visphoTana, jisameM baiThI tArA devI zAstrArtha kara rahI thI, aura antatogatvA bauddhAcArya kI parAjaya aura akalaMka kI vijaya / yaha pUrA kA pUrA vivaraNa prAcArya haribhadrasUri ke haMsa aura paramahaMsa nAmaka ziSyoM ke kathAnaka se milatA-julatA hai / ' yazasvI vidvAn zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA Adi ne pramANa purassara akalaMka kA samaya I0 san 720 se 780 ke bIca kA nirdhArita kiyA hai, yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai / isa abhimata kI puSTi isa tathya se bhI hotI hai ki akalaMka ne rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA sAhasatuGga kI rAjasabhA meM upasthita ho usake sAhasa kI prazaMsA ke sAtha-sAtha vijaya abhiyAna meM usake sAtha apanI tulanA kI thii| sAhasatuGga ke apara nAma dantidurga, dantivarmA, khaDgAvaloka, pRthvIvallabha aura vaira megha bhI prasiddha the / usakA nAma vastutaH dantidurga thA aura sAhasatuGga usakA viruda thA / sAhasatu raMga kA samaya I0 san 730 se 757 taka kA mAnA gayA hai / kalaMka kA usase sAkSAtkAra huA thA, isase sAhasatuMga aura prakalaMka samakAlIna hone ke kAraNa akalaMka kA samaya bhI I0 san 730 se 757 ke AsapAsa kA hI nizcita hotA hai | 1 dekhiye prastuta grantha meM hI prAcArya haribhadra kA prakaraNa / 2 dekhiye prastuta grantha ke pRSTha 286, 260 Page #595 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI AcArya ] [ 537 akalaMka nAma ke aura bhI aneka vidvAn hue haiN| unake nAma anumAnita kAla ke anusAra isa prakAra haiM - ( 1 ) akalaMka paNDita - I0 1068, (2) prakalaMka traividya - I0 1163 meM svargastha hue, (3) prakalaMkacandra - I0 1200, (4 ) akalaMkadeva I0 1256 meM svargastha hue, (5) akalaMka muni nandisaMgha, balAtkAragaNa ke jayakIrti ke ziSya, (6) akalaMkadeva mUlasaMgha - I0 1550 - 1575, (7) bhaTTAraka akalaMkadeva karNATaka zabdAnuzAsana ke racanAkAra - I0 1586 se 1615 taka / ye 6 bhASAoM meM kavitA karane kI adbhuta kSamatA rakhate the / inhoMne rAyabahAdura narasiMhAcArya ke abhimatAnusAra aneka rAjasabhAtroM meM hue zAstrArthoM meM vijayI hokara jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kI, (8) akalaMka munipa dezIgaraNa, pustakagaccha ke kArkala maTha ke bhaTTAraka - I0 1813 meM svargastha hue, (6) akalaMkadeva -anupalabdha pratiSThAkalpa ke racayitA / inakA samaya IsA kI 18vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai, (10) akalaMka - paramAgamasAra nAmaka kannar3a grantha ke racanAkAra / samaya ajJAta, (11) akalaMka -- caityavandana, pratikramaNasUtra, sAdhu zrAddha pratikramaNa evaM padaparyAya maMjarI Adi ke karttA / samaya anirNIta / ' ---. 1 vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekhiye, jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga 2, paramAnanda zAstrI likhita pRSTha 154 155 Page #596 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 34 evaM 35veM paTTadhara kramazaH hariSeNa va jayaseraNa ke prAcAryakAla ke samaya ke pramukha granthakAra jinadAsa gariNa mahattara : jaina jagat ke cUrNikAroM meM jinadAsa gaNi mahattara kA mUrdhanya sthAna hai| inhoMne nandicUriNa, nizItha sUtra cUriNa aura Avazyaka cariNa nAmaka bar3e hI mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI racanAeM kii| inhoMne apane paricaya ke sAtha nizItha cUriNa kI racanA kA samaya apanI ina nimnalikhita gAthAoM meM diyA hai : saMkarajaDa mauDa vibhUsaNassa tannAmasarisa NAmassa / tassa suteNesakatA visesa cuNNI misIhassa / / tattho ceva vidhi pAgaDo phuDa padattho raito paribhAsAe sAhUNa aNugahaTThAe / ti caupaNa aTThama vaggA ti paNa ti tiga akkharAvate tesi / paDhama tatiehiMti du sara juehiM raNAmakayaM jassa / / gurudiNNaM ca gaNittaM mahattarattaM ca tassa muddhehiM / teNa kaesA cuNNI visesanAmA nisIhassa / / nandi sUtra kI cUNi ke anta meM dI huI prazasti meM jinadAsa gaNi mahattara ne ullekha kiyA hai ki zaka samvat 598 tadanusAra vikrama samvat 733 tadanusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 1203 meM nandi sUtra cUrNi pUrNa kii| mahattara jinadAsagariNa dvArA racita cUNiyAM zramaNa-zramaNI varga evaM sAdhaka varga ke lie apane zAstrIya jJAna kA abhivarddhana karane meM parama sahAyaka hone ke sAtha sAtha aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI bar3I mahatvapUrNa haiN| Avazyaka riNa ko yadi jaina itihAsa kI akSaya nidhi kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| Page #597 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya aparAjita sUri (vijayAcArya) vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI meM yApanIya paramparA ke bhI eka bahuta bar3e vidvAn prAcArya hue haiM jinakA nAma aparAjita sUri hai / yApanIya paramparA ke sambandha meM prastuta grantha ke chaThe prakaraNa meM vistArapUrvaka paricaya diyA gayA hai| usameM aparAjita sUri kA bhI yatkicita paricaya diyA gayA hai| jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se yApanIya prAcArya aparAjita sUri kA sthAna bahuta UMcA aura bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa hai| inhoMne bahuta sambhava hai ki dazavaikAlika sUtra ke samAna hI aneka sUtroM para TIkAmoM kI racanAeM kI hoN| kintu inake dvArA likhI gaI pAgamoM kI TIkAoM meM se kevala dazavaikAlika TIkA ke katipaya uddharaNa hI Aja jaina vAMgmaya meM upalabdha hote haiN| mUlArAdhanA kI TIkA meM inake dvArA racita dazavakAlika TIkA ke aneka.. uddharaNa upalabdha hote haiN| inake dvArA likhita vartamAna meM kevala eka hI TIkA grantha upalabdha hotA hai, vaha hai pArAdhanA kI vijayodayA ttiikaa| ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM hI dazavakAlika sUtra kI vijayodayA TIkA kA usake aneka uddharaNoM ke sAtha meM ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / ina aparAjita sUri kA apara nAma vijayAcArya thA isaliye apane isa apara nAma para hI apanI una do mahatvapUrNa TIkAoM kA unhoMne nAmakaraNa kiyA hai| jaina itihAsa meM aparAjita sUri kA aura inake dvArA nirmita uparilikhita donoM TIkAtroM kA isa liye bar3A aitihAsika mahatva hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara ina do paramparAoM ke rUpa meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke vibhakta ho jAne para yApanIya paramparA ke ina AcArya ne ina donoM saMghoM ko ekasUtra meM puna: prAbaddha karane kI dRSTi se sambhavataH pUrA-pUrA prayAsa kiyaa| __ yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya una sabhI AgamoM ko prAmANika mAnate the jinheM ki zvetAmbara paramparA prAmANika mAnatI hai / isa sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa tathya Page #598 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 540 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kA bodha aparAjita sUri dvArA nirmita vijayodayA nAma kI upari nAmAMkita TIkAoM se hotA hai / isa sambandha meM prastuta grantha ke chaThe prakaraNa meM bar3e vistAra ke sAtha prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai|' ___ aparAjitasUri yApanIya paramparA ke aneka gaNoM meM se kisa gaNa ke AcArya the, inake guru kauna the, inake pazcAt inake paTTadhara AcArya kauna hue, isa sambandha meM jaina vAMgmaya meM adyAvadhi koI ullekha prApta nahIM huA hai / isa paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI eka do choTI moTI paTTAvaliyoM, bhinna-bhinna kAla meM hue aneka prAcAryoM, sAdhuoM, isa paramparA ke aneka gaNoM Adi ke ullekha to aneka zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / kintu kAla kramAnusAra kramabaddha ullekha kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| ___ inase pUrva vikrama kI pAMcavIM chaThI zatAbdI meM zivArya nAmaka eka mahAn AcArya isa paramparA meM hae the jinhoMne ki 'pArAdhanA' nAmaka do hajAra eka sau sattara (2170) gAthAnoM ke vizAla grantha kI racanA kI thI, jisa para ki, jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, aparAjita sUri ne TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA / inake pazcAdvartI kAla vikrama kI navamIM zatAbdI meM zAkaTAyana nAmaka eka mahAna vaiyAkaraNa evaM granthakAra prAcArya hue haiN| inakA paricaya bhI Age yathAsthAna diyA jaaygaa| zAkaTAyana ne apane zabdAnuzAsana kI amoghavRtti meM 'upasarvaguptaM vyAkhyAtAraH' isa pada se sarvagupta nAma ke kisI prAcArya ko sabase bar3A vyAkhyAtA batAyA hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha jaina vAMgmaya meM sarvagupta nAma ke kisI vyAkhyAkAra, vattikAra athavA TIkAkAra kA koI nAma kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isase anubhAna kiyA jAtA hai ki aparAjita sari se katipaya zatAbdiyoM pUrva yApanIya paramparA meM sarva gupta nAma ke koI mahAn vyAkhyAtA pUrvAcArya hue hoN| yApanIya AcArya zivArya ne sarvagupta nAma ke prAcArya kI sevA meM rahakara zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| isa prakAra kA ullekha sambhavata: mUlArAdhanA meM athavA anyatra kahIM dekhane meM AyA hai| isa prakAra yApanIya paramparA ke kevala tIna granthakAroM ke hI nAmoM kA ullekha aura unake grantha Aja taka upalabdha ho sake haiN| ' prastuta grantha (jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga--3) kA pRSTha 213-214 - Page #599 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 35veM se 38veM paTTadhara tathA yugapradhAnAcArya puSyamitra ke samaya kI rAjanaitika ghaTanAe~ IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM dakSiNa meM kAMcI ke pallavoM aura cAlukyoM meM saMgharSa calatA rhaa| isa lambe saMgharSa kA sUtrapAta usa samaya huA, jaba pulakezina (dvitIya) ne IsA kI 7vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM pallavarAja mahendra varmana para aAkramaNa kiyA / pulakezina apanI zaktizAlI senA ke sAtha pallava rAjya kI sImA meM dUra taka bar3hatA huA jaba kAMcI se uttara meM lagabhaga 15 mIla kI dUrI para hI raha gayA taba pallava senA ke pratirodha para pullakara meM donoM senAoM ke bIca bhISaNa yuddha huA / pallava rAjya kA uttarI bhAga pulakezina ko dekara mahendra varmana ne usake sAtha sandhi kI aura isa prakAra usane apanI rAjadhAnI kI zatru se rakSA kii| pallavoM aura cAlUkyoM ke bIca saMgharSa kA sUtra-pAta isI ghaTanA se huaa| I0 san 621 meM rAjadhAnI meM lauTate hI usa samaya ke apane sAmanta viSNUvarddhana ko apane pratinidhi ke rUpa meM Andhra kA zAsaka banA kara vahAM virodhI zaktiyoM ko naSTa karane aura apane rAjya ko sudRr3ha evaM vizAla banAne ke liye bhejaa| viSNUvarddhana' ne 10 varSa taka Andhra kA zAsana karate hae vahAM pulakezina ke rAjya kI sImA meM bhI ullekhanIya abhivRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha rAjya ko niSkaNTaka banA diyA / prAndhra meM apane rAjya kI sthiti ke sudRr3ha ho jAne para pulakezina dvitIya ne I0 san 631 ke pazcAt apane bhAI kI svIkRti se eka rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kI, jisakI teluga deza para 500 varSa taka sattA rhii| pulakezina bar3A zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| isane I0 san 625-626 meM apanA rAjadUta IrAna ke zAha khusaro (dvitIya) ke yahAM aura IrAna ke zAha ne pulakezina kI rAjadhAnI bAdAmI meM bhejaa| apanI saphalatAoM se protsAhita ho pulakezina dvitIya ne pallavarAja mahendravarmana ke putra narasiMha varmana (I0 san 630-668) ke zAsana kAla meM pallava rAjya para punaH AkramaNa kiyA / pulakezina (dvitIya) ke isa prAkramaNa kA pallavoM ' yaha viSNuvarddhana itihAsa prasiddha hoyasala mahArAjA viSNuvarddhana se bhinna hI pulakezina (dvitIya) kA sAmanta * senApati thaa| hoyasala mahArAjA viSNuvarddhana kA zAsana kAla I0 san 1110 se 1152 thaa| 2 dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa, (TA. ke. e. nIlakaNTha zAstrI) pRSTa 1:6 Page #600 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 542 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 ke sAmanta bANavaMzI rAjAoM ne jinakA ki rAyala sImA para zAsana thA, bar3A pratirodha kiyA / usa bhISaNa saMgharSa meM bANa rAjya pUrNataH naSTa ho gayA, kintu isake pariNAmasvarUpa pulakezina (dvitIya) kI senA ko bar3I bhArI kSati uThAnI par3I / vaha apanI senA ke sAtha pallava rAjya kI sImA meM Age bar3hAM / narasiMha varmana ( prathama ) mahAmalla ne laMkA ke rAjakumAra mAnavarmA kI sahAyatA se kAMcIpuram se 20 mIla pUrva meM sthita maNimaMgalA nAmaka sthAna para pulakezina (dvitIya) kI senA para AkramaNa kara bhISaNa yuddha ke pazcAt use parAsta kara diyaa| isa yuddha ke pazcAt to pulakezina kI narasiMha varmana ke sAtha hue choTe-bar3e sabhI yuddhoM meM parAjaya para parAjaya hotI hI rahI aura use apanI rAjadhAnI bAdAmI meM lauTane ke liye bAdhya honA par3A / isa vijaya se pallavarAja narasiMha varmana ( prathama ) bar3A utsAhita huA / usane apanI vizAla evaM zaktizAlinI senA se bAdAmI para grAmaraNa kara usa para adhikAra kara liyA / isa yuddha meM pulakezina ( prathama ) kI yuddha bhUmi meM mRtyu ho gaI / narasiMha varmana dvArA bAdAmI para adhikAra kiye jAne kI isa ghaTanA kI eka aitihAsika ghaTanA ke rUpa meM puSTi narasiMha varmana kI " vAtApikoNDA " grarthAtvAtApI kA vijetA - isa upAdhi se hotI hai / vAtApi vastuta: bAdAmI kA hI purAtana nAma hai / isake atirikta mallikArjuna mandira ke pIche kI caTTAna para kita narasiMha varmana ke zAsana ke terahaveM varSa ke zilAlekha se bhI isa ghaTanA kI puSTi hotI hai / pulakezina dvitIya kI bAdAmI ke yuddha meM parAjaya evaM mRtyu meM vizAla cAlukya sAmrAjya eka bAra to burI taraha bikhara gyaa| usake adhInastha rAjAoM aura cAlukya sAmrAjya ke pratinidhiyoM ke rUpa meM prazAsaka pada para niyukta pulakezina (dvitIya) ke putroM ne bhI apane Apako apane-apane adhInastha pradezoM kA svatantra rAjA ghoSita kara diyA / bAdAmI ke cAlukya rAjya para AyI huI isa ghora saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM bhI pulakezina (dvitIya) ke eka putra ne, jisane ki Age calakara vikramAditya ke virud ko dhAraNa kiyA, bar3e hI sAhasa se kAma liyA / cAlukya rAjya ke isa zrApAtakAla meM gaMgarAja bhUvikrama' aparanAma zrIvallabha - bhUrivikrama ne, pulakezina dvitIya ke isa , isakA zAsanakAla I. san 670 taka thaa| dekhiye prastuta grantha kA pRSTha 266, DA. ke. esa. nIlakaNTha zAstrI ne apane "dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa" nAmaka grantha meM (pRSTha 127 ) gaMga gravinIta ko vikrama kA nAnA batAyA hai kintu gaMga pravinIta kA zAsana kAla I0 san 825 478 taka hai| dekhiye prastuta grantha kA pRSTha 265 / Page #601 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 543 vikrama kI apane kozabala aura sainyazakti se bar3I sahAyatA kii| gaMgarAja bha vikrama kI sahAyatA se vikrama ne kar3e saMgharSa ke pazcAt narasiMha varmana ko bAdAmI se khader3a diyaa| bAdAmI ke rAjasiMhAsana para punaH adhikAra karate hI vikrama ne vidrohI sAmantoM aura bAdAmI sAmrAjya ko AghAta pahuMcAne vAle apane bhAiyoM ko yuddha meM parAsta kara I0 san 654-655 meM bAdAmI meM cAlukya rAjya kI puna: pratiSThA kii| isane apane bhAI jayasiMha ko jisane ki saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM vikrama kA sadA sAtha diyA thA, dakSiNI gujarAta kA apanA pratinidhi prazAsaka niyukta kara use puraskRta kiyaa| udhara narasiMha varmana ne kAMcI meM lauTa kara apane mitra mAnavarmA kI sahAyatA ke liye do nau sainika ber3e laMkA bheje / narasiMha varmA dvArA dI gaI isa sainika sahAyatA se mAnavarmA ne apane zatru rAjA ko yuddha meM parAjita evaM mAra kara anurAdhApura ke rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra kara liyaa| dansamme narasiMha varmana kI nau senA baDI zaktizAlI thii| kAMcI ke pallava rAjavaMza meM ise mahAna nirmAtA rAjA mAnA gayA hai| narasiMha varmana kI I0 sana 668 ke lagabhaga mRtyu ho gii| isake pazcAt isakA putra mahendra varmana (dvitIya) kAMcI ke siMhAsana para baiThA / bAdAmI ke cAlukya vikramAditya ne kAMcI para AkramaNa kiyaa| isa yuddha meM gaMgarAja bhUvikrama bhI isake sAtha thaa| gaMga vikrama ne mahendra varmana (dvitIya) ko isa yuddha meM parAsta kiyaa| mahendra varmana kAkAMcI para svalpa kAla taka hI zAsana rahA / usake pazcAt usakA putra paramezvara varmana kAMcI ke rAjasiMhAsana para baitthaa| isake zAsana. kAla meM bhI bAdAmI ke cAlukyarAja vikramAditya ne AkramaNa kiyaa| isa yuddha meM bhI gaMgarAna bhUvikrama cAlukyarAja vikramAditya prathama ke sAtha thaa| isa yuddha meM bhUvikrama. ne paramezvara varmana ko parAjita kara use bandI banA liyaa| paramezvara varmana ne apane mukuTa kA vahamUlya ratna aura ugrodaya maNijaTita hAra dekara kArAgAra meM mukti pAyI / isa yuddha meM paramezvara varmana kI parAjaya kA eka aura bhI kAraNa thA, vaha yaha ki pANDyarAja arikesarI varmana apanI senA ke sAtha vikramAditya (prathama) me jA milaa| paramezvara varmana ne isa parAjaya ke uparAnta bhI bar3e sAhasa se kAma lekara punaH apanI senA ko sugaThita kiyaa| usane vikramAditya kA dhyAna baTAne ke lie apanI senA ke eka bhAga ko bAdAmI para AkramaNa karane ke lie bhejA aura svayaM eka zaktizAlI senA lekara uDaiyara se uttara pazcima digvibhAga meM sthita peruvallanallara nAmaka sthAna para cAlukya senAoM ke samakSa prA ddttaa| usakI yaha raNanIti Page #602 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 544 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pUrNataH saphala rhii| ghora saMgharSa ke pazcAt cAlukya senA ke paira ukhar3a gaye aura vaha bAdAmI kI rakSA ke liye bAdAmI kI ora lauTa pdd'aa| paramezvara varmana kI vaha senA jo bAdAmI para AkramaNa karane jA rahI thI, vaha bhI parAjita cAlukya senA ko svadeza lauTate dekha kAMcI kI ora mur3a gii| pRthak-pRthak Tukar3iyoM meM bAdAmI kI ora lauTatI haI cAlukya senA ke kaI daloM ko pallava senA ne lUTA aura vaha lUTa meM prApta huI vipula sAmagrI liye kAMcI lauTa gii| paramezvara varmana I. sana 680 taka kAMcI rAjya para zAsana karatA rahA / isa yuddha ke pazcAt pallavoM aura cAlukyoM kA saMgharSa zAnta ho gayA / vikramAditya ke pazcAta I. sana 681 meM usakA putra vinayAditya bAdAmI ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / isane uttara bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| isake putra vijayAditya ne isa yuddha meM vijaya ke sAtha vipula kIti ajita kii| vinayAditya kA zAsanakAla I. san 681 se 666 taka rhaa| I. san 666 meM isakA putra vijayAditya bAdAmI ke cAlukya rAjasiMhAsana para pAsIna huaa| isane I. san 733 paryanta 37 varSa taka sucArU rUpa se zAsana kiyaa| isakA zAsana kAla rAjya aura prajA-ubhaya pakSa ke lie zAnti aura samRddhi kA sukhada kAla rahA / isa 37 varSoM kI avadhi meM mandiroM ke nirmANa ke aneka kArya hue| dUsarI ora kAMcI meM paramezvara varmana ke pazcAt I. san 680 meM narasiMha varman (dvitIya) rAja siMha kAMcI kA rAjA bnaa| yaha bAdAmI ke cAlukya rAja vinayAditya aura unake putra vijayAditya kA samakAlIna thaa| isane 40 varSa taka zAsana kiyaa| isake zAsanakAla meM bhI cAroM ora zAnti aura samRddhi kA sAmrAjya rahA / isake zAsanakAla meM sAmudrika vyApAra meM ullekhanIya abhivRddhi huI / abhinava sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha atIva sundara evaM vizAla mandiroM ke nirmANa hue / isane apanA rAjadUta cIna samrATa ke darabAra meM bhejaa| Page #603 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina saMgha para dasarA dezavyApI saMkaTa yaha pahale vistArapUrvaka batAyA jA cakA hai ki jaina saMgha para athavA jaina dharma para pahalA saMkaTa pallavarAja kAMcipati mahendravarmana prathama (I. san lagabhaga 600 se 630) aura madurA ke zAsaka sundarapANDya ke zAsana kAla meM aayaa| jaina saMgha para AyA huyA vaha pahalA saMkaTa kevala tamila prAnta taka hI sImita rhaa| jaina saMgha para jo dUsarA saMkaTa kumArilla bhaTTa aura zaMkarAcArya kI digvijayoM ke mAdhyama se lagabhaga I. san 700 se prArambha huA vaha saMkaTa vastutaH susaMgaThita, suniyojita aura dezavyApI thaa| zaMkarAcArya ne AryadharA ke pUrva chora se pazcima aura dakSiNa chora se uttara dizA ke chora taka digvijaya kA abhiyAna calAkara cAroM dizAoM meM cAra zaMkarAcArya-pIThoM kI sthApanA kara isa uddezya se sudRr3ha vyavasthA kI ki ina cAroM hI maThoM athavA zaMkarapIThoM ke adhiSThAtA-adhyakSa apane-apane pITha kI nirdhArita paridhi meM nirantara paribhramaNa karate rahakara zatAbdiyoM taka hI nahIM apitu sudIrghatara kAla taka unake brahmAdvaita saMjJaka vaidika dharma kA pracAra karate rheN| isase itara kisI bhI mAnyatA athavA siddhAnta ko cAhe vaha bauddha, jaina, Adi vedetara mAnyatAeM hoM cAhe naiyAyika, sAMkhya, mImAMsaka Adi dvaitAdvaita siddhAntoM kA pracAra karane vAlI vaidika paramparA kA nAma dharAne vAlI mAnyatAeM hoM, una sabhI mAnyatAoM meM se kisI bhI mAnyatA ko AryadharA para na panapane deM, yaha unake advaita athavA brahmAdvaita siddhAnta kA mUlamantra thaa| unhoMne kahA : "brahma satyaM jagat mithyA, jIvo brahma va, naaprH|" / arthAt -- kevala brahma hI satya hai (1), yaha dRzyamAna jagat mithyA hai (2), jIva koI pRthakasattAka nahIM (3) aura jIva brahma se kadApi, kathamapi, kiMcidapi bhinna nahIM hai (4) / "tattvamasi''-pro Atman ! he jIva ! tU vahI hai jo parabrahma hai, tU brahma hai| zaMkarAcArya dvArA AryadharA kI cAroM dizAoM meM Aja se lagabhaga 1100, 1200 varSa pUrva sthApita kiye gaye ve cAroM maTha Aja bhI vidyamAna haiM evaM zaMkarAcArya dvArA nirdhArita lakSya kI pUrti ke kArya meM yena-kena-prakAreNa gatimAna haiN| Page #604 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 3 vaidika dharma ke pracAra-prasAra hetu vaidiketara dharmoM ke viruddha abhiyAna zaMkara se vaya meM lagabhaga 80 varSa bar3e kumArilla bhaTTa ne IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke antima, dazaka athavA AThavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM prArambha kiyaa| kumArilla bhaTTa dvArA kI gayI digvijaya ke koI vizeSa ullekha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM haiM kintu jo bhI ullekha milate haiM, unase spaSTataH yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki kumArilla ke samaya meM bhArata ke vibhinna prAntoM meM, vizeSataH dakSiNa ke karNATaka Adi prAntoM meM jainadharma kA varcasva thA aura vahAM jainadharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I thii| vahAM jainadharma rAjamAnya, bahujana sammata aura lokapriya dharma thaa| apane dvaitAdvaita (vedoM ke advaita aura aupaniSadika dvaita) siddhAnta ke pracAra-prasAra meM aneka kSetroM meM bahujana sammata aura lokapriya jainadharma va bauddhadharma ko mukhyataH bAdhaka samajhakara apane samaya ke apratima mImAMsakAcArya kumArilla bhaTTa ne jainoM aura bauddhoM ke varcasva ko samApta karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| vaidika dharma ke punarutthAna aura usakI punaH pratiSThA ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha mImAMsaka prAcArya sabhI vaidiketara vidvAnoM para vijaya prApta karane kI abhilASA lie digvijaya ke lie prasthita hue / zabara svAmI ke mImAMsA bhASya para vidvattApUrNa vizAla vArtika kI racanA kara bhArata ke mUrddhanya kahe jAne vAle vidvanmaNDala ke hRdaya para kumArilla ne apane prakANDa pANDitya kI amiTa chApa pahale se hI aMkita kara rakhI thii| unhoMne sarvaprathama uttarI bhArata ke vaidiketara vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara vipula khyAti prApta kii| ____ tadanantara ve digvijaya hetu dakSiNApatha kI ora bddh'e| zaMkara digvijaya meM kumArilla kA ullekha hai ki sthAna-sthAna para vaidika dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karate hae bhaTTa kumArilla kararNATaka pradeza ke ujjanI nAmaka nagara meM pahuMce / usa samaya karNATaka meM sudhanvA nAmaka mahArAjA rAjya karatA thaa| rAjA sudhanvA bar3A hI nyAyaparAyaNa rAjA thaa| usakI rAjadhAnI ujjainI meM thii|' zaMkara digvijaya ke ullekhAnusAra vaha rAjA sudhanvA antarmana se to vedoM para AsthA rakhane vAlA thA kintu jainiyoM ke paMje meM par3a kara vaha jaina dharma meM AsthA rakhane lagA thaa| "jisa samaya kumArilla bhaTTa digvijaya karate hue karNATaka meM Aye usa samaya karNATaka meM bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma kA bar3A bolabAlA thA / jJAna kA bhaNDAra veda kUr3e karkaTa ke samAna phaikA jAne lagA thA aura vedoM ke rakSaka brAhmaNoM kI nindA hone lagI thii|"2 ' na to karNATaka se upalabdha hue zilAlekhoM meM aura na hI kisI jaina vAMgmaya meM adyAvadhi karNATaka ke ujjayinI nAmaka nagara kA ullekha hai aura rAjA sudhanvA kA nAma bhI kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM huA hai| -sampAdaka 2 "zrI zaMkara"-zrI baladeva upAdhyAya, ema. e. sAhityAcArya, hindustAnI ekeDemI, uttara pradeza, ilAhAbAda, prathama saMskaraNa, 1650, pRSTha 61 / Page #605 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 547 karNATaka ke rAjA sudhanvA kI to jainadharma ke prati zraddhA thI kintu usakI rAnI vaidika dharma ke prati pragADha AsthA vAlI vaidika dharmAnuyAyinI thI / vaidika dharma kI apane rAjya meM isa prakAra kI avanata dazA dekhakara vaha bar3I khinna aura cintAmagna rahatI thii| eka dina vaha rAjaprAsAda ke anta:pura meM eka gavAkSa meM baiThI huI vaidika dharma kI hrAsonmukha sthiti para cintana kara rahI thii| vaha parama viduSI thii| usake pIr3ita antaHkaraNa se sahasA isa prakAra ke udgAra udgata ho uThe : "kiM karomi kva gacchAmi, ko vedAnuddhariSyati ?" arthAt-- proha ! aba maiM kyA karU aura kahAM jAUM, ina vedoM kA uddhAra kauna karegA? rAjaprAsAda ke gavAkSa ke pArzvastha patha se saMyogavazAta jAte hae kumArilla bhaTTa ke karNarandhroM meM rAnI ke ye zokapUrNa udgAra gUMja utthe| unhoMne mahArAnI ko Azvasta karane ke uddezya se ucca svara meM, usake prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA :---- "mA viSIda varArohe ! bhaTTAcAryo'smi bhUtale / " _arthAta ...he rAjarAjezvarI ! Apa cintA na kareM, abhI taka to isa dharitrI para maiM bhaTTAcArya vidyamAna huuN| yaha kaha kara ve rAjasabhA meM gye| - zrI baladeva upAdhyAya ne apane grantha "zrI zaMkarAcArya" meM Age likhA hai--- "rAjA sudhanvA svayaM to parama Astika the parantu jisa karNATaka deza ke ve adhipati the, vahAM jaina dharma kA cirakAla se bolabAlA thaa| inake darabAra meM bhI jainiyoM kI prabhutA banI huI thii| kumArilla ne isa viSama paristhiti ko dekhA ki rAjA to svayaM veda dharma meM AsthA rakhane vAlA hai parantu usakA darabAra vedavirodhiyoM kA gar3ha banA huA hai / isI ko lakSya kara kumArilla ne kahA :-- "malinaizcenna saMgaste, nIce kAkakUla pika ! zru tidUSakaniha lAdaiH zlAghanIyastadA bhaveH / / 65 / / '' 1 arthAt -he rAjan ! tuma vastutaH kokila ho / yadi malina, kAle, nIca, vedoM aura karNarandhroM ko dUSita karane vAle ina kaunoM se tumhArA saMsarga nahIM hotA to nissaMdeha tuma prazaMsA ke pAtra hote / jainoM ne kumArilla bhaTTa ke isa kathana ko sIdhA apane Upara hI kaTutara kaTAkSa anubhava kiyA aura ve bar3e ruSTa hue| rAjA sudhanvA to mana hI mana isa 1 zaMkaradigvijaya, navakAlidAsa kI upAdhi se bhUSita mAdhava dvArA racita sarga 1, zloka sN.65| Page #606 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 548 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 avasara kI Toha meM thA ki jaina vidvAnoM aura vaidika vidvAnoM kI parIkSA lI jAya / usane jainoM ko Azvasta karate hue kahA, "kala ina navAgantuka vidvAna kI aura pApa logoM kI parIkSA lI jAyagI / parIkSA ke anantara hI isa para Age vicAra kiyA jaaygaa|" dUsare dina rAjA ne gupta rUpa se eka viSaile sarpa ko ghar3e meM banda karavAkara usa ghar3e ko eka ora rakha diyaa| jaba donoM pakSa rAjasabhA meM upasthita hue to rAjA sudhanvA ne ghar3A maMgavA kara unake samakSa rakhavAte hue jainoM se aura kumArilla bhaTTa se prazna kiyA ki usa ghar3e meM kyA hai| jainoM ne isake lie samaya mAMgate hue rAjA se nivedana kiyA--"rAjan ! hama isa prazna kA uttara kala deNge|" isake viparIta kumArilla ne usI samaya rAjA ke prazna kA uttara eka patra meM likhA aura use. dUsare patra meM lapeTa kara tathA sIla lagAkara rAjA ko samarpita kara diyaa| tadanantara donoM pakSa apane-apane sthAna ko lauTa gye| jainoM ne rAta bhara apane ArAdhya deva kI ArAdhanA kI aura prAtaHkAla rAjasabhA meM upasthita ho rAjA ke prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA -"rAjan ! isa ghaTa meM sarpa hai|" rAjA ne tatkAla kumArilla bhaTTa dvArA likhe gaye patra ko kholakara par3hA to rAjA ke Azcarya kA yaha dekha kara pArAvAra na rahA ki usameM bhI vahI uttara likhA huA thaa| donoM pakSoM ke samAna uttara hone ke kAraNa nirNaya hetu rAjA ne dUsarA prazna kiyA-"Apa loga batAiye ki kyA isa sarpa ke kisI aMga vizeSa para koI cihna hai ki nahIM?" __ jainoM ne isa prazna kA uttara dene ke liye bhI eka dina kI avadhi kA samaya maaNgaa| kintu kumArilla bhaTTa ne tatkAla hI rAjA ke prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA"rAjan ! isa sarpa ke sira para paira ke do cihna bane hue haiN|" ghar3e ko khulavAkara dekhA gayA to kumArilla bhaTTa kA uttara akSarazaH satya siddha huA, vAstava meM usa sarpa ke sira para do pairoM ke nizAna the| jaina loga aise hataprabha hue ki unhoMne kumArilla bhaTTa ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane kA sAhasa hI nahIM kiyA rAjA ne vedabAhya jainoM ko rAjasabhA se nikAla kara bAhara kiyA aura apane rAjavaMza meM vaidika dharma kI punaH pratiSThA kii| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt to kisI bhI darzana ke kisI bhI vidvAn ne kumArilla bhaTTa ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane kA sAhasa nahIM kiyA aura isa prakAra kumArilla kI vijayapatAkA sarvatra phaharAne lgii|' 1 zrI baladeva upAdhyAya ke "zrI zaMkarAcArya"-grantha ke pRSTha 61 evaM 62 ke AdhAra para / Page #607 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra mamvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] . [ 546 ___ jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai rAjA sudhanvA kA aura karNATaka meM usakI rAjadhAnI ujjainI nagarI kA jaina vAMgmaya meM athavA karNATaka ke zilAlekhoM meM kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai / itanA saba kucha hote hae bhI isa rAjA sudhanvA ko kevala kAlpanika puruSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki svayaM zaMkarAcArya ne isa rAjA sudhanvA ke sambandha meM aneka bAra ullekha kiyA hai / zaMkara digvijaya meM bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki rAjA sudhanvA apane sainikoM ke sAtha zakarAcArya kI digvijaya yAtrA meM prArambha se lekara anta taka sAtha rahA / zaMkarAcArya ke ziSya mAdhava ne to yahAM taka ullekha kiyA hai ki jaba zaMkarAcArya ke sAtha digvijaya karate hue ve loga karNATaka meM pahuMce to vahAM ke kApAlikoM kI sazastra senA ke nAyaka kacca ne apane sainikoM ke sAtha zaMkarAcArya ke ziSyoM para AkramaNa kiyaa| mAdhava likhate haiM ki yadi rAjA sudhanvA apane astra-zastroM se unheM mAra nahIM bhagAte to kacca aura usakI senA zaMkara ke sabhI ziSyoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra dete / rAjA sudhanvA ne bar3I vIratA ke sAtha bhairava kI senA ko apane tIroM ke tIkhe prahAroM se yamadhAma bheja diyA aura isa prakAra rAjA sudhanvA ne zaMkara ke ziSyoM kI prANarakSA kii| kakacca isa parAjaya se bar3A kSubdha huaaa| usane svaya bhagavAn bhairava kA apanI sahAyatA ke liye AhvAna kiyaa| mAdhava Age likhate hai ki bhairava ne prakaTa hote hI apane parama bhakta krakacca ko phaTakArate hue kahA - "tubhaM patA nahIM hai ki ye bhagavAna zaMkara ke hI avatAra haiN|"1 zaMkara kI digvijaya yAtrA ke vivaraNa meM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki isa digvijaya yAtrA meM unake bhakta ziSyoM kI eka vizAla maNDalI ke sAtha-sAtha vaidika dharma kA parama hitaiSI rAjA sudhanvA bhI zaMkarAcArya ke ziSya maMDala kI Akasmika ApattiyoM se rakSA karane ke liye zaMkarAcArya kI ziSya maNDalI ke prArambha se anta taka sAtha rahA / svayaM zaMkarAcArya ne mahArAjA sudhanvA kA nimnalikhita rUpa meM apane mahAn zAsana meM ullekha kiyA hai :---- sudhanvanaH samautsukya nivRtyai dharmahetave / devarAjopacArAMzca yathAvadanupAlayet / / 15 / / sudhanvA hi mahArAjastadanye ca narezvarAH / dharmapAramparImetAM pAlayantu nirantaram / / 17 // 2 svayaM zaMkarAcArya tathA unake ziSyoM dvArA kiye gaye upayukta ullekhoM se yahI phalita hotA hai ki karNATaka meM sudhanvA nAma kA rAjA thA jise kumArilla bhaTTa ne jaina se vaidika paramparA kA anuyAyI banAyA / 1 zrI zaMkarAcArya pRSTha saMkhyA 105, 108 2 vahI mahAnuzAsanam, pRSTha 206, 210 Page #608 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 550 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sudhanvA kI rAja sabhA meM ghaTita haI uparokta ghaTanA se jaina saMgha ko koI bahuta bar3A AghAta paha~cA ho, athavA isakA jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke pratikUla prabhAva par3A ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai kyoMki kumArilla bhaTTa ke samakAlIna aura uttaravartI kAla meM karNATaka pradeza jaina dharma kA, jaina dharma ke digambara, yApanIya, zvetAmbara, kUrcaka Adi saMghoM kA eka sudRr3ha gar3ha rahA / isa bAta kI sAkSI usa kAla ke zilAlekha, maTha, mandira, nisadyAeM aura zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke vihAra Adi spaSTa rUpa se de rahe haiN| yahI nahIM, apitu jaina dharma ko karNATaka ke rAjAoM kA bhI pUrNa-rUpeNa prazraya aura Azraya usa kAla meM barAbara prApta rhaa| __ rAjavaMzoM dvArA kumArilla ke uttaravartI kAla meM bhI jaina dharma ke pracAra evaM prasAra ke liye jo sevAe~ kI gaIM unakI sAkSI bhI saikar3oM zilAlekhoM meM Aja bhI hameM dekhane aura par3hane ko milatI hai| ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki kumArilla bhaTTa kI digvijaya yAtrA kA sambhavataH kisI kSetra vizeSa meM alpakAlika hI prabhAva huA hogaa| ekAMtada ramaiyA, basavA (vizvezvara) aura cainna basavA ke samaya ke zaiva tathA liMgAyata sAhitya ke ullekhoM se yaha spaSTataH siddha hotA hai ki liMgAyata sampradAya aura rAmAnuja sampradAya ke abhyudaya se pUrva jaina dharma karNATaka pradeza kA bahujana sammata aura lokapriya dharma thaa| isake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI apekSAkRta sarvAdhika thii| itihAsajJoM kA yaha abhimata hai ki jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra aura usakI abhivRddhi ko rokane meM kumArilla bhaTTa kA bahuta bar3A hAtha rhaa| isaliye yahAM kumArilla bhaTTa kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA jAnA saMgata hai| kumArilla bhaTTa kI janmabhUmi ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM bar3A mata vaibhinya hai| tibbata ke yazasvI itihAsavettA tArAnAtha ne kumArilla bhaTTa ko dakSiNa bhArata ke cUr3AmaNi rAjyAntargata trimalaya nAmaka sthAna kA nivAsI batAyA hai| isake viparIta prAnanda girI ne zaMkara digvijaya meM inheM udgadeza (uttara bhArata) nivAsI batAte hue likhA hai ki inhoMne udgadeza se Akara dRSTa matAvalambI jainoM tathA bauddhoM ko parAsta kiyA / unakA vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai :-- "bhaTTAcAryoM dvijavaraH kazcit, udga dezAt samAgatya duSTa matAvalaMbino bauddhAn jainAn asaMkhyAtAn nijitya nirbhayo vrtte|" ___ (zaMkara vijaya, pRSTha 180) udgadeza prAya: paMjAba aura kAzmIra ko hI samajhA jAtA hai isa para se yaha dhvani nikalatI hai ki kumArilla bhaTTa uttara bhArata ke nivAsI the| ___ kumArilla bhaTTa se tIna sau DhAI sau varSa pazcAt hue bhImAMsaka sAlikanAtha ne kumArilla bhaTTa kA nAmollekha 'vAttika kAra mizra' ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| mizra zabda prAyaH uttara bhArata ke brAhmaNoM se hI sambandhita hai| Page #609 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 551 maithila prAMta meM yaha pAramparika janazru ti prasiddha hai ki kumArilla bhaTTa maithila brAhmaNa the| inake jIvana kA kahIM vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| tibbata ke vidvAn tArAnAtha ke ullekhAnusAra kumArilla bhaTTa bar3e hI samRddha evaM sampanna gRhastha the / isake pAsa dhAna ke aneka kheta the| inake ghara meM pAMca sau dAsa tathA pAMca sau dAsiyAM thiiN| tArAnAtha ne vikhyAta bauddhAcArya dharmakItti ke sAtha kumArilla bhaTTa ke zAstrArtha kA aura zAstrArtha meM dharmakItti se hAra jAne para bauddhadharma svIkAra kara lene kI ghaTanA kA vistAra ke sAtha ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki dharmakItti ne nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya meM vahAM ke pIThasthavira bauddhAcArya dharmapAla ke sAtha bauddhazAstroM kA aura bauddhanyAya kA gahana adhyayana kiyA / bauddhadarzana meM niSNAtatA prApta karane ke pazcAt inake antarmana meM utkaTa abhilASA utpanna huI ki ve vaidika darzana ke gUDha rahasyoM kA bhI adhyayana kreN| ___usa samaya kumArilla bhaTTa vaidika darzana ke apratima vidvAn gine jAte the| unake pAsa vaidika darzana kA adhyayana karane kA unhoMne nizcaya kiyaa| kintu eka vaidika darzana kA vidvAna kisI bauddha vidyArthI ko vaidika darzana kA jJAna kaise de sakatA hai ? yaha vicAra kara vaha eka paricAraka ke chadma veSa meM kumArilla ke ghara meM rahane lge| vahAM unhoMne bar3I lagana aura tatparatA ke sAtha gRhakArya karate hue gRhasvAminI kI kRpA prApta kara lii| kumArilla bhaTTa bhI inakI sevAoM se bar3e prasanna hue| unhoMne apanI dharmapatnI ke Agraha para vedapAThI dUsare vidyArthiyoM ke sAtha vaidika darzana zAstra kA pATha sunane kI unheM anumati de dii| kuzAgra buddhi dharmakItti ne svalpa kAla meM hI vaidika darzana ke gUr3ha rahasyoM ko hRdayaMgama kara liyA aura ve vaidika darzana ke pAradRzvA vidvAn bana gye| apanI AkAMkSA ke pUrNa ho jAne para dharma kIrti ne apanA vAstavika paricaya dete hue vaidika vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha ke liye cunautI dii| dharmakIrti ne karaNAd gupta nAmaka eka vaizeSika AcArya ko aura vaidika darzana ke katipaya uccakoTi ke vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyaa| antatogatvA usane kumArilla bhaTTa ko bhI zAstrArtha ke liye Amantrita kiyaa| guru ziSya donoM ke bIca bahuta dinoM taka vaha zAstrArtha calatA rahA aura anta meM kumArilla bhaTTa ne dharmakItti ke samakSa apanI parAjaya svIkAra karate hue apane pAMca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha bauddhadharma svIkAra kara liyaa| yaha saba kucha tArAnAtha ne tibbatIya janazra ti ke AdhAra para ullekha kiyA hai| isake viparIta kumArilla bhaTTa ne zaMkarAcArya ke samakSa spaSTa rUpa se kahA thA : ' zaMkara digvijaya, (mAdhava kRta) sarga 7, zloka saMkhyA 64 se 66 Page #610 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 552 ] [ jana dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 "pravAdiSaM vedavighAtadakSeH tAnAzakaM jetumabudhyamAnaH / tadIyasiddhAntarahasyavA/n, niSedhyaboddhAddhi niSedhyabAdhaH // " (mAvava-likhita zaMkaradigvijaya 763) arthAt-kisI bhI darzana kA athavA zAstra kA taba taka samIcIna rUpa se khaNDana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA jaba taka ki usake gUr3ha rahasyoM kA pUrNa rUpeNa jJAna nahIM kara liyA jaataa| mujhe bauddha darzana kI dhajjiyAM ur3AnI thIM ataH namra hokara maiM bauddhoM ke vizvavidyAlaya meM unake siddhAntoM kA adhyayana karane ke liye gayA / nAlandA meM unhoMne sambhavataH dharmapAla nAmaka bauddhAcArya ke pAsa, jo ki usa samaya nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya ke adhyakSa the, bauddha darzana kA adhyayana prArambha kiyA / bauddha darzana meM niSNAtatA prApta kara cukane ke pazcAt kI ghaTanA kA ullekha karate hue kumArilla bhaTTa ne zaMkarAcArya se kahA thA ki eka dina dharmapAla bauddha dharma kI vyAkhyA apane ziSyoM ke samakSa kara rahe the| usa samaya unhoMne prasaMga Ane para vedoM kI nindA karanA prArambha kara diyaa| vedoM kI nindA sunakara merI prAMkhoM se azru oM kI avirala dhArA bahane lagI / mere pAsa baiThe hue mere sahapAThiyoM ne dharmapAla kA dhyAna merI ora AkRSTa kiyaa| dharmapAla dvArA isakA kAraNa pUche jAne para maiMne spaSTa rUpa se unheM kahA ki Apa vedoM ke gUDha rahasyoM ko nahIM samajha pAye haiM isaliye apanI icchAnusAra vedoM kI nindA kara rahe haiM / merA itanA kahanA thA ki bauddha vidyArthiyoM ne mujhe vaidika brAhmaNa samajha kara bauddha vihAra ke uccatama zikhara se pRthvI para dhakela diyaa| saba ora se apane Apako asahAya pAkara maiMne vedoM kI zaraNa lI aura ucca svara meM kahA : patan patan saudhatalAnvaroruhaM, yadi pramANaM zrutayo bhavanti / jIveyamasmin patito samasthale, yadi majjIvane tat zrutimAnatA gatiH / / (zaMkara digvijaya 768) saMzayAtmaka 'yadi' zabda ke prayoga kara dene ke pariNAmasvarUpa merI kevala eka prAMkha hI phUTI aura maiM pUrNa-rUpeNa akSata avasthA meM dharAtala para isa prakAra utarA mAno puSpa zayyA para girA hoUM / veda bhagavAn ne merI rakSA kii| tadanantara kumArilla ne bauddhAcArya dharmapAla se paNa rakhakara zAstrArtha kiyaa| dharmapAla prAcArya kumArilla bhaTTa se parAjita huyA aura apanI pratijJAnusAra bhUse kI Aga meM dharmapAla ne apane Apako jalA ddaalaa| jahAM taka kumArilla bhaTTa ke samaya kA prazna hai isa sambandha meM bhI vidvAnoM meM mataikya ke sthAna para mata vaibhinya hai| prasiddha nATakakAra bhavabhUti nissandigdha Page #611 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcAryaH ] [ 553 rUpa se kumArilla bhaTTa ke ziSya the aura bhavabhUti kannauja ke rAjA yazovarmA kI sabhA ke paNDita the| yazo varmA kA zAsanakAla IsvI san 725 se 752 taka kA sunizcita sA hai / kalhaNa ne apane vikhyAta grantha 'rAjataraMgiNI' meM ullekha kiyA hai ki IsvI san 733 meM kAzmIra ke rAjA lalitAditya muktApIDa ne bhavabhUti ko parAjita kara diyA thA / kalhaNa kA vaha zloka isa prakAra hai : kavirvAkpati rAja zrI bhavabhUtyAdi sevitaH / jito yayau yazovarmA tadguNastuti vanditAm / / (rAjataraMgiNI) ina donoM tathyoM ke AdhAra para nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhavabhUti kA samaya IsvI sana 700 se 752 ke bIca kA thaa| isa tathya ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue vicAra kiyA jAya to bhavabhUti ke guru kumArilla bhaTTa kA samaya IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha rahA hogaa| zaMkarAcArya ne apanI saundarya laharI meM jagadambikA kI stuti karate hue likhA hai . tavastanyaM manye dharaNidharakanye hRdayataH, paya: pArAvAraH parivahati sArasvata iva / dayAvatyA dattaM draviDazizurAsvAdya tava yat, kavInAM prauDhAnAmajani kamanIyaH kavayitA / / prAyaH sabhI TIkAkAroM ne isa draviDa zizu tamilanADa ke prasiddha zaiva santa evaM zaiva krAnti ke sUtradhAra jJAnasambandhara ko hI mAnA hai jise bhagavatI ne svayaM apane stana kA dugdhapAna karavAyA aura isa devI kRpA se vaha draviDa zizu mahAn kavi bana gyaa| yaha itihAsa prasiddha hai ki jJAnasambandhara mahAn kavi the / tevAram meM nibaddha unakI krAntikArI kavitAeM jana-mana ko udvelita kara zaiva sampradAya ke prati unheM haThAt AkRSTa kara letI thiiN| jJAna sambandhara kA samaya prastuta grantha ke pichale pRSThoM meM diyA jA cukA hai ki IsvI san 640 ke Asa-pAsa unhoMne pANDyarAja sundarapANDya ko jaina se zaiva dharma meM dIkSita kara usakI sahAyatA se jainoM kA saMhAra aura zaiva dharma kA uddhAra krvaayaa| zaMkarAcArya ke isa uparyullikhita zloka se yaha siddha hotA hai ki zaiva. santa jJAna sambandhara zaMkarAcArya me pUrvakAla meM hue the| zaMkarAcArya jJAna sambandhara ke pazcAdvartI kAla ke dharmAcArya the| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki kumArilla bhaTTa, Page #612 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 554 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jo ki zaMkarAcArya ke samakAlIna hote hae bhI zaMkarAcArya se lagabhaga 80-85 varSa vaya kI dRSTi se bar3e the, kA samaya jJAna sambandhara se pazcAt kA arthAt IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kA thaa| kumArilla bhaTTa kI vidvattA ke prati apane Antarika udgAra prakaTa karate hue baladeva upAdhyAya ne apane grantha 'zrI zaMkarAcArya' meM likhA hai : ___"vaidika dharma ke punarutthAna va punaH pratiSThA ke liye hama AcArya kumArilla ke / ra RriNa haiN| bauddhoM kA vaidika karmakANDa ke khaNDana ke prati mahAn abhiniveSa thA / kumArilla ne isa abhiniveSa ko dUra kara vaidika karmakANDa ko dRr3ha bhitti para sthApita kiyA tathA vaha paramparA calAI jo Aja bhI akSuNNa rIti se vidyamAna hai / saca to yaha hai ki inhoMne hI zaMkarAcArya ke liye vaidika dharma pracAra kA kSetra taiyAra kiyaa| prAcArya zaMkara kI isa avyAhata saphalatA kA bahuta kucha zreya inhIM prAcArya kumArilla bhaTTa ko prApta hai|" prAcArya kumArilla ne apane guru bauddhAcArya ko apamAnita kara pAtma dAha ke liye bAdhya kiyA aura jaiminI ke siddhAntoM kI puSTi ke liye Izvara meM akhaNDa vizvAsa rakhate hue bhI jo karma ko pradhAnatA dI isake prAyazcita svarUpa unhoMne tusa kI bhUsI kI Aga meM antima samaya meM AtmadAha kara liyaa| Page #613 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zaMkarAcArya vaidika dharma ke punaruddhAra evaM advaita (brahmAdvaita) siddhAnta kI punaH pratiSThApanA ke liye zaMkarAcArya ne apane jIvana ke 32 varSa jaise svalpa kAla meM vipula vaidika sAhitya ke nirmANa ke sAtha-sAtha Arya dharA ke dakSiNa sAgara se uttara meM himAMcala ke kor3a meM sthita tibbata tathA nepAla pradeza taka aura pUrva sAgara se pazcima sAgara taka jisa Azcaryajanaka drutagati se ghUma-ghUma kara na kevala bauddha evaM jaina siddhAntoM kA hI apitu brahmAdvaita siddhAnta se bhinna mImAMsaka, sAMkhya, naiyAyika, vaizeSika Adi vaidika matoM ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karate hae apane brahmAdvaita siddhAnta kA vizAla bhArata ke kone-kone meM pracAra kiyA, use dekhate hue sahaja hI pratyeka manISI yahI anubhava karatA hai ki zaMkarAcArya apane samaya ke dharmAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM meM vastutaH adbhuta medhA zakti, prabhAvotpAdaka apratima pratibhA, anupama karmaThatA aura aparAjeya athavA sarvajayI vAgmitA ke dhanI the| zaMkarAcArya ne 12 varSa kI vaya meM veda-vedAMgoM ke talasparzI jJAnArjana ke sAtha usameM pArINatA prApta kara, tathA 16 varSa kI vaya meM prasthAnatrayI para mahAna bhASyoM kA nirmANa kara Arya dharA ke tatkAlIna mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ko camatkRta evaM pAzcaryAbhibhUta kara diyaa| "tattvamasi' pro jIva ! tu vahI hai, jise brahma kahA gayA hai, kahA jAtA hai aura kahA jAtA rahegA / aura brahma satyaM jagat mithyA, jIvo brahma va nAparaH / / unake brahmAdvaita siddhAnta kA yaha mUla maMtra jIvana bhara zaMkarAcArya ke kaNThasvara se udghoSita evaM. unake roma-roma se, deha-yaSTi ke agA-praraNa se pratidhvanita hotA rahA / unakI prasthAnatrayI para bhASya Adi sabhI kRtiyoM se, unake digvijaya, maTha-sthApana Adi sabhI kAryakalApoM se "tattvamasi'" aura "jIvo brahma va nAparaH" yahI dhvani gaMjarita hotI hai| unakI jIvanacaryA se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki prakhaMta siddhAnta ke pracAra-prasAra ko unhoMne apane jIvana kA ekamAtra lakSya banA liyA thaa| zaMkarAcArya kI yaha prAntarika AkAMkSA thI ki vaidika middhAnta brahmAdatavAda kA pAryadharA para varcasva rahe, prakalpAMta brahmAdvaita siddhAnta kA hI prArya dharA para eka. chatra prAdhipatya rhe| Page #614 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 556 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 apane isa lakSya kI, apanI isa aAntarika AkAMkSA kI pUrti ke liye zaMkarAcArya ne prasthAnatrayI para brahmasUtra bhASya, gItAbhASya aura upaniSad bhASya, ina tIna mahAbhASyoM, cAra anya bhASyoM, 11 stotroM aura sarva sAdhAraNa ko brahmAdvaita siddhAntoM kA bodha karAne vAle 36 prakaraNa granthoM kI racanA kii| bhASyoM meM unhoMne jaina bauddha mImAMsaka Adi prAyaH sabhI dharmoM ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karate hue brahmAdvaita siddhAnta kI puSTi kii| advaitavAda kI puSTi pUrvaka, isase itara anya sabhI dharmoM ke siddhAntoM va mAnyatAoM ke khaNDana ke sAtha vaidika dharma kI pratiSThApanA evaM isake pracAra-prasAra ke liye vizAla bhArata kI digvijaya yAtrA karane kA zaMkara ne nizcaya kiyaa| prAcArya zaMkara ne sabase pahale aura sabase pahalA zAstrArtha maNDana mizra ke sAtha kiyaa| isase pUrva ki maNDana mizra ke sAtha zaMkarAcArya ke zAstrArtha kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jAya, yahAM yaha batAnA Avazyaka hai ki sarvaprathama ve maNDana mizra ke pAsa hI zAstrArtha ke liye kyoM gye|| brahma sUtra bhASya kA nirmANa karane para zaMkarAcArya ne socA ki yadi koI ucca koTi kA vidvAn isa mahAbhASya para vArtika kI racanA kara de to atyuttama rhegaa| unhoMne kumArilla bhaTTa kI prazaMsA sunI ki vAttika likhane kI kalA meM ve ati nipuNa haiN| kumArilla ne sAbara bhASya para zlokavAttika aura tantravAttika ye do bhASya likhakara bhArata kI sampUrNa vidvAnmaNDalI para pUrI-pUrI dhAka jamA lI thii| zaMkarAcArya ke mana meM kumArilla ke vAttika kAra ke rUpa meM utkRSTa anubhava aura unake prakAMDa pAMDitya kA lAbha uThAne kI utkaTa utsukatA jAgRta huI / ve apane ziSyoM sahita triveNI ke taTa para pahaMce / jaba unheM yaha vidita hayA ki kumArilla bhaTTa tuSAnala meM apanA zarIra jalA rahe haiM, to unheM bar3A duHkha huaa| ve tatkAla kumArilla ke pAsa gaye aura unhoMne dekhA ki vastutaH unake zarIra kA nIce kA bhAga tuSAnala meM jala rahA hai / zaMkarAcArya ne dekhA ki unake mukha maNDala para alaukika AbhA aura nissIma zAnti kA sAmrAjya chAyA huA hai / kumArilla bhaTTa ne zaMkarA. cArya kI digdiganta vyApinI kItti ko pahale hI suna rakkhA thA / sahasA zaMkara ko apane sammukha dekhakara unakI prasannatA kA pArAvAra nahI rahA / apane ziSyoM se kumArilla ne zaMkara kI pUjA krvaaii| zaMkara ne apanA bhASya kumArilla ko dikhAyA / bhASya ko dekhakara kumArilla ne bar3I prasannatA vyakta kI aura kahA "maiM tuSAnala meM jalane kI dIkSA grahaNa kara cakA huuN| anyathA maiM isa para vAttika kI avazyameva racanA krtaa|" zaMkara digvijaya meM kumArilla ke isa kathana kA nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullekha hai :-- Page #615 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] aSTau sahasrANi vibhAnti vidvan ! sadvAtikAnAM prathame'tra bhASye / ahaM yadi syAmagRhItadIkSA, dhruvaM vidhAsye sunibandhamasya / / (zaMkara digvijaya 7 / 83) zaMkarAcArya ne isa prakAra tuSAnala meM jalane kA kAraNa pUchA to kumArilla ne kahA :-"maiMne do bar3e pApa kiye haiN| eka to apane bauddha guru dharmapAla kA tiraskAra athavA zAstrArtha ke paNa ke anusAra usake agni meM jala marane kA kAraNa banA, dUsarA pApa maiMne yaha kiyA ki jaiminIya ke mata kI rakSA ke lie maiMne sthAna-sthAna para Izvara kA khaNDana kiyA / Izvara meM merI pUrNa prAsthA hai| vastuta: mImAMsA kA eka mAtra uddezya hai karma kI pradhAnatA dikhalAnA / isI uddezya se maiMne jagat ke kartA aura karma phala ke dAtA ke rUpa vAle Izvara kA khaNDana kiyA hai| kucha bhI ho, inhIM donoM aparAdhoM ke prAyazcitasvarUpa maiMne yaha tuSAnala meM dAha kI pratijJA kI hai| mere bhAva vastuta: doSahIna the kintu loka zikSaNa ke liye hI maiM isa prakAra kA prAyazcita svecchA se grahaNa kara rahA huuN| Apa mere paTTa ziSya maNDana mizra ko tedAnta ke apane advaita mata meM dIkSita kara lIjiye / vaha Apake advata kI vaijayantI bhArata ke kSitija meM avazyameva phhraavegaa| aisA merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai|" zaMkara ne usI samaya kumArilla se vidA le maNDana mizra se zAstrArtha karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| ve maNDana mizra ke bhavya bhavana para pahaMce / ___maNDana mizra vastutaH tatkAlIna bhArata ke vidvAnoM meM uccakoTi kA vidvAn aura advaita se bhinna sabhI matAvalambiyoM kA vaha agraNI thaa| zaMkarAcArya ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki maNDana mizra ko parAjita karanA bhArata kI samasta vidvanmaNDalI ko parAsta karane ke tulya hogaa| zAstrArtha ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra kA vidvAn ziSya prApta ho jAya to advaita ke pracAra-prasAra meM bhI usase bar3I sahAyatA milegii| inhIM vicAroM se prerita hokara zaMkarAcArya ne maNDana mizra ke sAtha zAstrArtha prArambha kiyaa| zAstrArtha meM jaya-parAjaya kA nirNaya dene ke liye maNDana mizra kI parama vidUSI dharmapatnI bhAratI ko madhyastha banAyA gyaa| zaMkara ne apanA pUrva pakSa prastuta karate hue kahA :-- brahma ke paramArthasaccidamalam vizvaprapaJcAtmanA, zuktI rUpyaparAtmaneva bahalAvAnAvRtam bhAsate / Page #616 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 558 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 tajjJAnAnikhila prapaJcanilayA svAtmavyavasthAparaM, nirvANaM janimuktamabhyupagataM mAnaM zra termastakam / / bADhaM jaye yadi parAjayabhAgahaM syAM, saMnyAsabhaMga parihRtya kaSAya cailam / zuklaM vasIya vasanaM dvayabhAratIyam, vAde jayAjayaphala pratidIpikAstu // (mAdhava zaMkara digvijaya 8 / 61-62) arthAt isa jagata meM brahma eka sat cita nirmala tathA zAzvata satya svarUpa hai| vaha isa saMsAra ke rUpa se usI prakAra bhAsita hotA hai jisa prakAra ki sIpa cAMdI kA rUpa dhAraNa karake udbhAsita hotI hai| sIpa meM cAMdI ke AbhAsa kI taraha yaha saMsAra bhI vastuta: ekAMtataH mithyA hai| usa brahma kA jJAna ho jAne para usa mithyA prapaMca kA koharA naSTa ho jAtA hai aura jIva bAhya padArthoM se nikala kara apane vizuddha svarUpa meM sthita ho jAtA hai| aura isa prakAra vizuddha prAtma-svarUpa meM lIna hote hI jIva sadA sarvadA ke liye janma jarA mRtyu se mukta ho jAtA hai| yahI merA siddhAMta hai / isameM svayaM upaniSad hI pramANa hai| isa prakAra apane pUrva pakSa ko rakhate hue zaMkarAcArya ne ghoSaNA kI ki "yaha merI aTala pratijJA hai ki yadi maiM zAstrArtha meM maNDana mizra se parAjita ho jAUMgA to apane ina kASAya vastroM ko pheMkakara gRhastha ke dhAraNa karane yogya zvata vastroM ko dhAraNa kara luugaa|" zaMkarAcArya kI pratijJA ko sunane ke pazcAt maNDana mizra ne bhI apane mImAsaka darzana kA pratipAdana karane vAlI pratijJA isa rUpa meM kI :-- vedAntA na pramANaM citi vapuSi pade patra saMgatyayogAt, pUrvo bhAgaH pramANaM padacayagamite kAryavastunyazeSe / zabdAnAM kAryamA prati samadhigatA zaktirabhyunnatAnAM, karmabhyo muktiriSTA tadiha tanubhRtAmA'yuSaH syAt samApteH / / (zaMkara digvijaya, 8/64) arthAta veda kA karmakAMDa bhAga hI pramANa hai| upaniSadoM ko maiM pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM mAnatA kyoMki vaha caitanya svarUpa brahma kA pratipAdana karake siddha vastu kA varNana karatA hai / veda kA tAtparya hai --vidhi kA pratipAdana krnaa| kintu vidhi kA pratipAdana na karake vidhi kA samIcIna rUpa se varNana na karake brahma ke svarUpa kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai| zabdoM kI bhakti kArya mAtra ke prakaTa karane meM hai| vastutaH duHkhoM se mukti to karma ke dvArA hI hotI hai / ataH pratyeka mumukSu ko jIvana Page #617 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 556 paryanta karma kA anuSThAna karate rahanA cAhiye kyoMki kevala kahane mAtra se athavA jAna lene mAtra se taba taka mukti nahIM hone vAlI hai jaba taka ki kathanI ke anurUpa hI aura jJAna ke anurUpa hI karaNI na kI jAya / kArya na kiyA jAya / karma meM pravRtti na kI jaay| maNDana mizra ne ghanarava gambhIra svara meM pratijJA kI-"yaha merI pratijJA hai ki yadi maiM isa zAstrArtha meM parAjita ho gayA to maiM gRhastha dharma ko chor3akara sanyAsa dharma grahaNa kara luugaa|" __ bar3A adbhuta aura abhUtapUrva vaha zAstrArtha thA ina donoM mUrdhanya vid vAnoM kA / maNDana mizra ne aupaniSadika dvaitavAda kI puSTi meM aneka yuktiyAM prayuktiyAM prastuta kI kyoMki ve mImAMsaka anuyAyI hone ke kAraNa dvaitavAdI the| vedAMtI hone ke kAraNa zaMkarAcArya advaita ke pakSadhara the ataH unhoMne tat tvamasi ke mUla mantra ke mAdhyama se brahma aura jIva ko sarvathA abhinna siddha karane ke liye donoM kI advatatA kI puSTi karate hue aneka prakAra kI yuktiyAM prayuktiyAM prastuta kii| donoM vidvAna paraspara eka dUsare kI yukti-prayuktiyoM ko bar3e kauzala ke sAtha nirasta karate rhe| maNDana ne kahA :-"jIva alpajJa hai aura brahma hai sarvajJa sarvadarzI / yaha to saMsAra meM pratyeka ko pratyakSa hai / aisI sthiti meM alpajJa kI aura sarvajJa kI ekatA mAnanA pratyakSa pramANa se bhI aura anumAna pramANa se bhI sarvathA anucita hI siddha hotA hai|" zaMkarAcArya ne isa yukti ko nirasta karate hue kahA :-"basa, isI siddhAMta meM truTi hai aApakI, kyoMki pratyakSa aura zrati meM kabhI koI virodha nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki donoM ke prAzraya bhinna-bhinna haiN| pratyakSa pramANa vastutaH avidyA se yukta jIva meM aura mAyA se yukta Izvara meM bheda batalAtA hai| zrati avidyA aura mAyA donoM se rahita zuddha caitanya rUpa prAtmA aura brahma meM abheda dikhalAtI hai|" ise aura spaSTa karate hue zaMkarAcArya ne kahA :--"isa prakAra pratyakSa kA prAzraya kaluSita jIva aura Izvara hai aura zruti kA Azraya vizuddha prAtmA aura brahma hai| virodha vahAM hotA hai jahAM ki eka Azraya ho| bhinna Azraya hone ke kAraNa yahAM kisI prakAra kA virodha parilakSita nahIM hotaa| aisI sthiti meM pratyakSa pramANa se abheda zrati kA kisI prakAra kA virodha na hone ke kAraNa usa zruti kA kisI bhI dazA meM tiraskAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|" __ maNDana mizra ne Rgveda ke nimnalikhita mantra ko zaMkarAcArya ke samakSa prastuta kiyA :-- Page #618 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 560 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 dvA suparNA sayujA sakhAyA, samAnaM vRkSaM pariSasvajAte / tayoranyaH pippalaM svAdvatti, anaznanyo abhicAkazIti / / aura kahA :-"yaha mantra pUrNataH spaSTa rUpeNa jIva aura Izvara ke bheda ko prakaTa kara rahA hai| isameM spaSTa ullekha hai ki jIva karma phala kA bhoktA hai aura isake viparIta Izvara karma phala se kiMcitmAtra bhI sambandha nahIM rkhtaa|" zaMkara ne kahA :--"yaha bheda pratipAdana nitAMta niSphala hai| isa jJAna se na to svarga kI prApti ho sakatI hai aura na apavarga kI hii| zra ti meM vastutaH baddhi aura pUruSa kA bheda pradarzita kiyA gayA hai, Izvara aura jIva kA nhiiN| hAM, zrati to yahI kahatI hai ki karma ke phala ko bhogane vAlI vastutaH buddhi hI hai / puruSa usa buddhi se nitAMta bhinna hai| isIliye use sukha-duHkha bhogane kA phalAphala kadApi nahIM mila sktaa|" __maNDana mizra ne kahA : -"maiM Apa dvArA kahe gaye isa artha kA virodha karatA haiN| kyoMki buddhi to jar3a hai aura bhoktA jIva caitanya hai, jar3a padArtha nhiiN| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM yadi koI mantra (zra ti vAkya) buddhi jaise jar3a padArtha ko bhoktA batalAtA hai to ise koI bhI buddhimAn kadApi svIkAra nahIM kregaa| Apa phira socie ki ukta zra ti kA abhiprAya vastutaH jIva aura Izvara ke bheda ko prakaTa karanA hI hai|" zaMkarAcArya ne brAhmaNa grantha ke peMgI rahasya ke nimnalikhita vAkya ko uddhata kiyA : tayoranyaH pippala svAdatti iti satvaM anaznananyo abhicAkazIti iti anaznan anya: abhipazyati jJastAvetau tatva kSetrajJau iti / tadetatsatvaM yena svapnaM pazyati / atha yo'ya zArIraM upadraSTA sa kSetrajJaH tAvetI satvakSetrajJau (peMgI rahasya brAhmaNa) aura kahA :- "isa brAhmaNa grantha meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki baddhi . (satva) karma phala ko bhogatI hai aura jIva kevala sAkSI mAtra rahatA hai| isase buddhi aura jIva kI bhinnatA spaSTa hai| tatva darzana kA kartA nahIM balki karaNa hai / isa taraha isa pada kA artha jIva na hokara buddhi hI hai| aura kSetrajJa ke sAtha 'zarIra' vizeSaNa hone ke kAraNa isa pada kA artha jIva hai jo ki kSetra meM arthAt zarIra meM rahatA hai, na ki Izvara / " Page #619 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] maNDana mizra ne kaNThopaniSad ke nimnalikhita zloka ko uddhRta karate hue yaha kahA :-"kaNThopaniSad kI isa prasiddha zra ti para vicAra kIjiye / jo jIva aura Izvara meM ThIka usI prakAra kA bheda svIkAra kara rahI hai jisa prakAra kA ki bheda chAyA aura dhUpa meM hai| RtaM pibantI sukRtasya loke, guhAM praviSTau parame parArdhe / chAyAtapo brahmavido vadanti, paMcAgnayo ye ca triNAciketAH // " (kaNThopaniSad 1 / 3 / 1) zaMkarAcArya ne kahA- "yaha to lokasiddha bheda kA pratipAdana mAtra hai| jo loka meM siddha nahIM dRSTigocara hotA zrati abheda pratipAdaka usI navIna artha ko prakaTa karatI hai / bheda to jagata meM sarvatra dRSTigocara hotA hai| ataH use siddha karane kA prayAsa zra ti kadApi nahIM kara sktii| kyoMki zrati to sadA apUrva vastu ke varNana meM hI nirata rahatI hai / isa dRSTi se yaha apUrva vastu abheda kA pratipAdana hai, na ki bheda kA / zrutiyoM ke balAbala ke viSaya meM Apane bhalIbhAMti vicAra nahIM kiyA hai / unakI prabalatA ke viSaya meM yaha siddhAnta hai ki yadi koI zruti dUsare pramANoM se puSTa kI jAtI hai to vaha prabala nahIM mAnI jA sktii| prabala zrati to vaha hai jo pratyakSa tathA anumAna Adi ke dvArA na prakaTa kiye gaye artha ko prakaTa kre| padArthoM kI paraspara vibhinnatA jise Apa aneka yuktiyAM dekara siddha karanA cAhate haiM vaha vibhinnatA to vizva meM sarvatra pratyakSa hI dRSTigocara hotI hai| ataH usako pratipAdana karane vAlI zra ti durbala hogii| abheda to jagata meM kahIM dikhAI nahIM detaa| ata: usako varNana karane vAlI zruti hI pUrva kI apekSA prabalatama hogii| balAbala kI isa kasauTI para zrati kI ukti ko kasane para "tata tvamasi" kA abheda pratipAdana hI zruti kA pratipAdya viSaya pratIta hotA hai / ataH uparilikhita vAkya kA artha jIva aura brahma kI ekatA siddha karane vAlA hai, jisakA virodha na to pratyakSa se hai, na anumAna se hai aura na zra ti se hI hai|" zaMkarAcArya kI isa yukti ko sunate hI maNDana mizra niruttara ho gaye / unake gale kI mAlA malina par3a gayI / zAstrArtha ko dekhane ke liye vizAla saMkhyA meM upasthita huA vidvad samAja AzcaryAbhibhUta ho avAk raha gyaa| bhAratI ne zaMkara ko vijayI aura apane pati maNDana mizra ko parAjita ghoSita kiyaa| / usa samaya ke bhArata ke sabase ucca koTi ke vidvAn maNDana mizra ko parAjita kara dete se bhArata bhara ke vidvAnoM para zaMkarAcArya ke ajeya pAMDitya kI dhAka sI jama gaI / bhAratI ne zaMkara se kahA:--"vidvan ! Apane zAstrArtha meM abhI taka mere pati ko hI jItA hai, mujhe nahIM , ApakI yaha vijaya pUrI tabhI mAnI jAyagI jaba ki Apa Page #620 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 562 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 mujhe vAda meM parAsta kara deNge| abhI ApakI yaha vijaya adhUrI hI hai| kyoMki nArI apane nara kI ardrAginI hotI hai|" __ zaMkara ne usakI ukti ko svIkAra karate hae bhAratI ke sAtha zAstrArtha prArambha kiyaa| bahuta dinoM taka vaha zAstrArtha calatA rahA / jaga parAjaya kA nirNaya na hote dekha bhAratI ne kAmazAstra se sambandhita eka sAtha aneka prazna zaMkarAcArya se pUche ki kalA kiyantyo vada puSpadhanvanaH, kimAtmikAH kiM ca padaM samAzritAH / pUrve ca pakSe kathamanyathA sthitiH, kathaM yuvatyAM kathameva pUruSe / / (zaMkara digvijaya 6 / 66) arthAt kAma kI kitanI kalAeM hotI haiM ? unakA svarUpa kyA hai ? ve kalAeM kisa sthAna para rahatI haiM ? zukla evaM kRSNa pakSoM meM inakI sthiti samAna hI rahatI hai athavA bhinna-bhinna ? puruSoM meM tathA yuvatiyoM meM ina kalAoM kA nivAsa kisa prakAra hotA hai ? isa prazna ko sunakara zaMkara kucha kSaNa avAk rahe / unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki unake samakSa dharma saMkaTa pA upasthita huA hai| prazna kA uttara na dene para sarvatra unakI alpajJatA hI siddha hogii| apane sanyAsa dharma kI rakSA karate hue ina praznoM kA uttara diyA jAnA kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra vicAra magna rahane ke pazcAt zaMkara ne bhAratI se ina praznoM kA uttara dene ke lie eka mAsa kI avadhi caahii| bhAratI ne yaha vicAra karake ki eka mAha meM inake etad viSayaka jJAna meM kyA parivartana Ane vAlA hai, unako eka mAsa kI avadhi pradAna kii| zaMkara digvijaya prAdi aneka granthoM meM ullekha hai ki kAma zAstra kA jJAna prApta karane ke liye zaMkarAcArya ne amarUka nAmaka kisI rAjA ke mRta zarIra meM praveza kiyA aura vahAM rahakara unhoMne kAmazAstra meM bhI niSNAtatA prApta kara lii|' , nAsmina zarIre kRtakilviSo'haM janmaprabhRtyamba na saMdihe'ham / vyadhAyi dehAntarasaMzrayAdyannatena lipyeta hi karmaNA'nyaH // (zaMkara digvijaya 16/86) Page #621 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 563 jaba zaMkara apanI pratijJAnusAra zAstrArtha ke liye bhAratI ke pAsa pahuMce to bhAratI ne samajha liyA ki zaMkara ne kAma zAstra meM bhI niSNAtatA prApta kara lI hai / zaMkarAcArya dvArA diye gaye apane praznoM ke uttara sunakara bhAratI niruttara ho gaI / apanI pratijJAnusAra maNDana mizra ne gRhasthAzrama kA parityAga kara zaMkarAcArya kA ziSyatva svIkAra karate hue sanyAsa grahaNa kiyA / sanyAsa grahaNa karane ke anantara maNDana mizra kA nAma zaMkarAcArya ne surezvara rakkhA / maNDana mizra aura zaMkarAcArya ke zAstrArtha kA thor3e vistAra ke sAtha yaha jo . vivaraNa diyA gayA hai vaha yaha batAne ke liye diyA gayA hai ki zaMkarAcArya ne prata mata kA ekachatra sAmrAjya AryadharA para pratiSThApita karane ke liye vaidika dharma ke anuyAyI mImAMsaka vidvAn maNDana mizra taka ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyA kyoMki ve vaidika dharma ke anuyAyI hote hue bhI zra utiyoM (upaniSadoM prAdi) ko prAmANika nahIM mAnate the / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM jainoM aura bauddhoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane aura inake siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karane meM kisI prakAra kI korakasara kyoM rakhate / isa prakAra vibhinna dharmoM ke sudRr3ha gar3ha tulya kendra samajhe jAne vAle 43 nagaroM athavA sthAnoM para zaMkarAcArya ne anya darzanoM ke prAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha kiye / zaMkarAcArya ke ziSyoM praziSyoM dvArA likhita zaMkara digvijaya ke vivaraNoM ke ullekhAnusAra zaMkarAcArya ne una zAstrArthoM meM sabhI dharmoM ke vidvAnoM ko parAjita kiyA / una parAjita vidvAnoM meM se adhikAMza ko zraddha tavAdI vaidika dharma kA anuyAyI banAyA / vaidika zradvatavAda ke prati zaMkarAcArya kI aisI pragAr3ha prAsthA thI ki usase kiMcitamAtra bhI bhinna mAnyatA vAle kisI bhI vaiSNava, zaiva athavA vaidika sampradAya ko apanI digvijaya yAtrA ke advaita mata maNDanAtmaka evaM zraddhaM tetara mata khaNDanAtmaka zAstrArthoM meM achUtA nahIM chor3A / zaMkara digvijaya meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki anantazayana nAmaka sthAna usa samaya vaiSNavoM ke bhakta, bhAgavata, vaiSNava, pAMcarAtra, vaikhAnasa aura karmahIna ( naiSkarmya) kI ina chaH sampradAyoM kA eka sudRr3ha gar3ha tulya kendrasthala thA / usa anantazayana nAmaka sthAna para zaMkarAcArya ne apanI ziSya maNDalI aura apane parama bhakta mahArAjA sudhanvA ke dalabala ke sAtha eka mAsa taka nivAsa kiyA / zaMkarAcArya ne una sampradAyoM ke prAcArya evaM vidvAnoM se zAstrArtha kara unheM parAjita kiyA / zaMkarAcArya kI akATya yuktiyoM se prabhAvita evaM santuSTa hokara una vaiSNava sampradAya ke nAyakoM evaM anuyAyiyoM ne bhI zaMkarAcArya ke brahmAdvaitavAdI vaidika dharma ko aMgIkAra kara liyA / Page #622 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 564 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -- bhAga 3 isI prakAra prayAga meM bhI sAMkhya yogavAdiyoM, vaizeSikoM, zUnyavAdiyoM, varAha matAnuyAyiyoM tathA varuNa evaM vAyu Adi ke upAsakoM ke sAtha zaMkarAcArya ke. zAstrArtha kA aura zaMkarAcArya dvArA unake parAjita kiye jAne kA mAdhava ne zaMkara vijaya meM vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai / ina sAre digvijaya ke vivaraNoM meM kevala eka ujjainI ke vivaraNa ko chor3akara nAmollekhapUrvaka jainoM aura bauddhoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha kA aura una zAstrArthoM meM zaMkara dvArA unake parAjita kara diye jAne kA koI ullekha kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / ujjainI meM zaMkarAcArya dvArA unmatta bhairava nAmaka zudra jAti ke kApAlikoM, cArvAkoM, jainoM evaM bauddha matAnuyAyiyoM ko parAjita kiye jAne kA ullekha Anandagiri ne kiyA hai / zaMkara digvijaya ke vivaraNoM meM jainoM aura bauddhoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane athavA zaMkara dvArA unheM parAjita kiye jAne kA anya koI ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / zaMkarAcArya kA samaya zaMkarAcArya ke samaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM paraspara bar3A matabheda hai| kintu dyayugIna vidvAnoM ne eka prakAra se antima rUpa se zaMkarAcArya kA samaya vikrama samvat 845 se 877 tadanusAra IsvI san 786 se 820 taka kA mAnA hai / isakI puSTi kRSNa brahmAnanda dvArA racita " zaMkara vijaya" ke nimnalikhita ullekha se bhI hotI hai : :-- nidhi nAma vaha nyabde vibhave zaMkarodayaH, kalau tu zAlivAhasya sakhendu zatasaptake / ( zaka saMvat 710 ) kalyande bhUdvayAMkAgnisammite zaMkaro guruH, ( IsvI san 788 ) zAlivAha zake tvakSisindhusaptamite'bhyagAt / (zaka saM. 742 ) ( IsvI san 820 ) dUsarA pramANa, jJAna sambandhara kA zaMkara ne saundarya laharI meM ullekha kiyA hai| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai jJAna sambandhara IsvI san 640 ke lagabhaga vidyamAna thA / usane sundara pANDya ko jaina se zaiva banAkara zaivoM kA pracAra aura jainoM kA saMhAra karavAyA thA / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki zaMkarAcArya zaiva santa jJAna sambandhara ke pazcAdvarttI hone ke kAraNa IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva nahIM ho sakate / isake atirikta kumArilla bhaTTa ke samaya kA nirNaya karate samaya yaha sapramANa batAyA jA cukA hai ki kumArilla bhaTTa kA samaya IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI Page #623 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 565 kA uttarArddha rahA hogaa| zaMkarAcArya jisa samaya 16 varSa kI vaya ke the usa samaya kumArilla ke sAtha unakA sAkSAtkAra usa samaya huA jabaki ve tuSAnala meM apane aApako jalA rahe the / isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki kumArilla zaMkarAcArya se vaya meM lagabhaga 80 varSa bar3e hoNge| isase bhI zaMkarAcArya kA samaya lagabhaga vahI 788 se 820 IsvI san kA AtA hai| zaMkarAcArya ko pUrNAyu ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita zloka se nissandigdha rUpa se prakAza par3atA hai : aSTa varSe caturvedI dvAdaze sarva zAstravit / SoDaze kRtavAn bhASyaM dvAtriMze munirabhyagAt / zaMkara digvijaya aura upari variNata zaMkarAcArya ke jIvana vRtta se yaha to siddha hotA hai ki unhoMne brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke maNDana ke sAtha-sAtha anya sabhI matoM kA cAhe ve vaidika paramparA ke hoM, vaiSNava paramparA ke hoM, sAMkhya, bauddha, jainAdi paramparAmoM ke hoM, usakA apane jIvana kAla meM bar3e hI sayauktika DhaMga se khaNDana kiyA / advaitavAda ke atirikta aura koI bhI mata isa AryagharA para na panapa sake isa uddezya se zaMkarAcArya ne cirakAla taka prabhAvazIla yojanA bhArata kI cAroM dizAoM meM cAra pIThoM kI sthApanA ke mAdhyama se kii| jaisA ki kiMvadantiyoM meM bauddhoM ke saMhAra aura janoM para atyAcAra kI loka kathAeM prasiddha haiM aisA zaMkara ke digvijaya ke vivaraNoM se koI prAbhAsa nahIM milatA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha saba lekhanI kA, yuktiyoM kA aura zAstrArthoM kA yuga thA / zaivoM aura liMgAyatoM ke dharmonmAda meM jisa prakAra pratipakSI dharmAvalambiyoM kA rudhira bahAyA gayA usa prakAra kI eka bhI ghaTanA kumArilla bhaTTa dvArA prArambha kiye gaye aura zakarAcArya dvArA agretara vikasita kiye gaye vaidika dharma ke punasaMsthApanArtha kiye gaye zAstrArthoM meM athavA samagra dhArmika abhiyAnoM meM : na ghaTI hogI aisA hamArA vizvAsa hai| phira bhI isa kiMvadantI kI aitihAsikatA kI khoja ke kiye agrettara zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| karNATaka pradeza kA sudhanvA nAmaka rAjA dalabala sahita zaMkarAcArya ke digvi. jaya abhiyAna meM prArambha me lekara anta taka sAtha thaa| isase bhI yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki zrI zailam ke kApAlika kakacca ko chor3a kisI bhI anya matAvalambI ne zaMkarAcArya ke ziSya maNDala ke viruddha bala prayoga kA sAhasa taka nahIM kiyA hogaa| ___ zaMkarAcArya ke isa digvijaya abhiyAna se tatkAla jainoM para kisI prakAra kA kuprabhAva par3A ho yA usase jaina saMgha ko koI bar3I hAni pahu~cI ho, aisA pratIta nahIM hotA / kintu jisa prakAra karNATaka ke jaina rAjA sudhanvA ko kumArilla bhaTTa dvArA jaina se vaidika dharma kA anuyAyI banAyA gayA, bahata sambhava hai zaMkarAcArya ne Page #624 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 566 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 bhI apanI digvijaya yAtrA meM dakSiNa ke athavA vibhinna pradezoM ke jaina rAjApoM ko vaidika mata kA anuyAyI banAyA ho| isa abhiyAna se jaina saMgha para yadi koI ghAtaka prahAra huA hotA to zaMkarAcArya se uttaravartI kAla meM bhI rASTrakUTa, gaMga, hoysala, kadamba prAdi rAjAoM dvArA jainadharma ke abhyutthAna ke lie kiye gaye kAryoM kA vivaraNa prAja jo zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai vaha nahIM hotaa| eka bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa ullekhanIya tathya yaha hai ki kumArilla bhaTTa aura zaMkarAcArya dvArA sabhI darzanoM ke viruddha jo dhArmika abhiyAna calAyA gayA usase bauddha dharma AryadharA se pUrNa rUpa se hI tirohita ho gayA / kintu jaina dharma kI nIMva vizva kalyANakArI aise siddhAntoM para AdhArita thI ki bauddhoM ke samAna hI athavA bauddhoM se bhI adhika kumArilla bhaTTa evaM zaMkarAcArya dvArA jainoM ke viruddha kiye gaye pracAra ke uparAnta bhI jainadharma AryadharA ke jIvita aura sammAnita dharma ke rUpa meM apane astitva ko banAye rhaa| Page #625 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 39veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI kizana RSi janma vIra ni. saM. 1208 dIkSA " , 1232 prAcArya pada " , 1263 svargArohaNa , , 1284 gRhavAsa paryAya - 24 varSa sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya - 31 varSa AcArya paryAya 21 varSa pUrNa sAdhu paryAya 52 varSa pUrNa mAyu 76 varSa caturvidha tIrtha ke pravartaka antima tIrthaGkara zAsaneza bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 38veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI bhImaRSi ke svargagamana ke anantara prabhu ke 39veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM munizreSTha zrI kizana RSi ko caturvidha tIrtha ne vIra ni. saM. 1263 meM prAcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| apane 21 varSa ke prAcArya kAla meM Apane caturvidha tIrtha ko adhyAtma sAdhanA meM agrasara karate rahakara jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| prApake prAcArya kAla meM vi. saM. 802 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 1272 meM caityavAsI paramparA ke mahAprabhAvazAlI prAcArya zIlaguNa sUri ne jo ki gujarAta ke zaktizAlI rAjA vanarAja cAvar3A ke dharma guru the, apane parama bhakta rAjA vanarAja cAvar3A ko kahakara isa prakAra ko rAjAjJA prasArita karavA dI ki jisase caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko chor3a zeSa kisI anya paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhvI pATaNa rAjya meM vicaraNa karanA to dUra, usakI sImAoM meM praveza taka na kara pAye / ringanpaharwadamwamisakedin. wmomem a mroyame viwwwmumnnancymamerman Page #626 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 40veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI rAjaRSi janma __, 1266 vIra ni. saM. 1242 dIkSA " , 1261 prAcArya pada , , 1284 svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya - 16 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya - 23 varSa prAcArya paryAya - 15 varSa pUrNa sAdhu paryAya - 38 varSa pUrNa Ayu 57 varSa __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 39veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI kizana RSi ke divaMgata ho jAne ke pazcAt vIra ni. saM. 1284 meM caturvidha saMgha ne zrI rAja RSi ko zrI vIra prabhU ke 40veM paTTaghara ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada para AsIna kiyaa| Page #627 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 33 veM yuga pradhAnAcArya zrI sambhUti janma dIkSA sAmAnya vrataparyAya yugapradhAnAcAryakAla vIra ni. saM. 1221 1231 33 1231-1250 1250 - 1300 svarga 1300 78 varSa, 2 mAsa aura 2 dina sarvAyu prArya puSyamitra ke pazcAt 33veM yugapradhAnAcArya prArya saMbhUti hue / prArya saMbhUti kA janma vIra ni. saM. 1221 meM huA / Apane vIra ni. saM. 1231 meM 10 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| vIra ni. saM. 1250 meM yugapradhAnAcArya puSyamitra ke svargagamana ke pazcAt caturvidha saMgha dvArA prAgama niSNAta Arya saMbhUti ko yuga pradhAnAcArya pada pradAna kiyA gayA / 50 varSa ke apane yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM prArya saMbhUti ne jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya sevA karate hue svayaM kA tathA aneka bhavyAtmAoM kA kalyAraNa kiyaa| vIra ni. saM. 1300 meM samAdhipUrvaka 78 varSa, 2 mAsa aura 2 dina kI Ayu pUrNa kara prArya saMbhUti svargastha hue / "} " 11 11 " " " siri duSSamAkAla samaraNa saMgha thayaM" 'yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvalI' evaM yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA se sambandhita jo sAmagrI katipaya varSa pUrva taka prakAza meM prAI hai, ina saba meM tetIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya ke rUpa meM prAcArya saMbhUti ke nAma kA ullekha hai / parantu "titthogAlI painnaya" jo yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA ke sambandha meM adyAvadhi paryanta upalabdha sAmagrI meM sarvAdhika prAcIna hai, usameM ullikhita tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vicAra karane para aisA saMdeha hotA hai ki yugapradhAnAcArya zrI saMbhUti aura mAr3hara saMbhUti ke pUrvApara krama ke sambandha meM duSSamAkAla zramaNa saMghastavakAra evaM unake uttaravartI paTTAvalIkAroM dvArA truTi ho gaI ho / "" caturdaza pUrva tathA ekAdazAMgI ke samaya-samaya para bhUta evaM bhAvI hrAsa athavA vyavaccheda ke prasaMga meM titthogAlI painnayakAra ne vIra ni. saM. 1000 ke pazcAt vIra ni. saM 1520 taka hue yugapradhAnAcAryoM meM se 4 yugapradhAnAcAryoM ke svargastha hone Page #628 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 570 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 tathA vivAha paNNatti Adi pAMca aMgoM ke hrAsa kA ullekha kiyA hai| mADhara sambhUti se sambandhita jo gAthA titthogAlI painnaya meM hai. vaha isa prakAra hai : samavAya vavacchedo, terasahiM satehiM hohiti vAsANAM / mADhara gottassa ihaM, sambhUta matissa maraNammi // 815 / / arthAta-vIra ni0saM0 1300 meM mADhara gotrIya saMbhUta zramaNavara ke svargastha ho jAne ke anantara samavAyAgaM-sUtra kA hrAsa ho jaayegaa| isa prakAra titthogAlI painnayakAra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 1300 meM mADhara sambhUti kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| isake viparIta dussamAkAla samaNa saMghathayaM kI gAthA saMkhyA 14 meM "saMbhUI mADhara saMbhUiM" ina tInoM zabdoM ke dvArA 33veM aura 34veM yugapradhAnAcArya-saMbhUtimADhara saMbhUti athavA mADhara saMbhUti-saMbhUti kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI samaraNa saMgha thayaM kI avacUri ke antargata jo-"dvitIyodaya yugapradhAna yantra' diyA huA hai, usameM pahale saMbhUti kA aura unake pazcAt mADhara saMbhUti kA nAma diyA huA hai| yugapradhAnAcAryoM ke janma, dIkSA, yugapradhAna pada, svarga evaM pUrNAyu kA jo samaya isa yantra meM diyA huA hai, usameM zrI saMbhUti ko 33vAM yugapradhAnAcArya batAkara, unakA vIra ni0 saM0 1300 meM svargavAsa honA batAyA gayA hai|' 'titthogAlI painnaya' meM kevala mADhara saMbhUti kA hI ullekha hai| spaSTa rUpa se saMbhati kA isameM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai| tathApi gAthA saMkhyA 816 meM jina Arjava yati ke vIra ni. saM. 1350 meM svargastha hone para sthAnAMga sUtra kA hrAsa honA batAyA gayA hai, vahAM titthogAlI painnayakAra ne ajjava arthAt Rju-sarala sambodhana kI dRSTi se saMbhUti ko hI Arjava yati ke nAmase to kahIM sambodhita nahIM kiyA hai, isa prakAra kA IhApoha antara meM utpanna hotA hai| 'titthogAlI painnaya' ke ullekhAnusAra mADhara saMbhUti kA svargavAsa vIra ni0 saM0 1360 meM mAna liye jAne kI sthiti meM unake pazcAdvartI yugapradhAnAcArya saMbhUti kA svargavAsa vIra ni0 saM0 1350 ke AsapAsa honA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| antara kevala dasa varSa kA rahatA hai| titthogAlI painnayakAra ne prArjava yati (sambhavataH saMbhUti) kA vIra ni0 saM0 1350 meM svargastha honA. batAyA hai aura 'dussamAkAla samaNa saMghathayaM' kI avacUri ke antargata 'dvitIyodaya yugapradhAna yantra' meM ullikhita kAla gaNanA kI eka ' etatgranthakatR NAM zrI dharma ghoSa sUrINAM vikrama saM. 1327 tama va" sUripada, vi. saM. 1357 tama varza svargagamanam / paTTAvalI samuccaya (duSSamAkAla zrI zramaNasaMghastavam) pR. 16 (righaNa) Page #629 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 571 mAnyatA ke anusAra 34veM yugapradhAna kA dehAvasAna vIra ni0saM0 1360 aura dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1350 meM honA bhI anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta "titthogAlI painnaya" "dussamAkAla samaNa saMgha thayaM" kI apekSA ati prAcIna hone ke sAtha hI sAtha tIrtha ke udgama, pravAha, hrAsa, avasAna athavA vyavaccheda jaisI Atyantika mahattva kI aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAoM para prakAza DAlatA hai, isa dRSTi se bhI etadviSayaka isakA ullekha taba taka prAmANikatA kI koTi meM praviSTa hone yogya hai, jaba taka ki isase bhI prAcIna aura vizvasanIya koI anya pramANa isake viparIta prakAza meM na pA jAya / ina saba tathyoM ke paryAlocana se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki mADhara saMbhUti 33veM aura saMbhUti 34veM yugapradhAnAcArya the| Page #630 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ caityavAsI prAcArya zIlagaraNa sUri aura caityavAsI paramparA kA prabala samarthaka jaina rAjA vanarAja cAvar3A vIra ni0 kI 13 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM caityavAsI paramparA meM zIlaguNa sUri nAma se eka mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiN| unhoMne gujarAta meM vIra nirvANa saM0 1272 ke AsapAsa eka jaina rAjavaMza (cAvar3A rAjavaMza) kI sthApanA kara caityavAsI paramparA ke utkarSa ke lie jo athak prayAsa kiye ve madhyayugIna jaina itihAsa meM mahatvapUrNa haiN| zIlaguNasUri caityavAsI paramparA ke nAgendra gaccha ke prAcArya the / eka samaya zIlaguNasUri apane ziSyoM ke sAtha apanI paramparA ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye eka grAma se dUsare grAma kI ora jA rahe the| rAha meM unhoMne vana meM eka sthAna para, jahAM ki isa samaya vaNoMda nAmaka grAma basA hA hai, eka vRkSa ke tane meM laTakatI haI eka jholI dekhI / unheM bar3A Azcarya huaa| pAsa meM jAkara unhoMne dekhA ki vRkSa kI DAlI se baMdhI haI usa jholI meM eka bAlaka so rahA hai| unhoMne bAlaka ko bar3e dhyAna se dekhA / usa bAlaka ke mukha, bhAla aura aMgopAMgoM ke lakSaNoM ko dekhakara unake mukha se anAyAsa hI ye udgAra nikala par3e :--."are! yaha bAlaka to Age calakara mahA pratApI puruSasiMha hogaa|" vRkSa kI chAyA meM apane bAlaka ke pAsa sAdhumaNDalI ko khar3I dekhakara vana meM kanda-mUla-phala-phUlAdi kA cayana karatI huI eka yuvA strI unake pAsa AI / usane zIlaguNasUri ko praNAma kiyA aura eka ora mauna sAdhe evaM bAra-bAra munimaNDala kI ora dRSTi nikSepa karatI, evaM lajjA se sikur3I huI khar3I rahI / zIlaguNasUri ne usa strI se pUchA:-"bahina ! kyA yaha bAlaka tumhArA usa mahilA ne svIkRtisUcaka mudrA meM apanI rAjahaMsinI tulyA grIvA jhukA dI aura vaha sahamI huI sI dharatI kI ora dRSTi gaDAe khar3I rhii| 1{zIlaguNasUri ne kahA- "bahina ! tumheM aura tumhAre isa honahAra bAlaka ke lakSaNoM ko dekhane se hameM vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki tuma kisI mahAn kula kI vadhu ho Page #631 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 573 aura durdaiva se isa samaya apane vipatti ke dina isa prakAra vanyajIvana kI vipannAvasthA meM bitA rahI ho / saba ke dina sadA eka samAna nahIM rahate, yaha to bhAgya kA eka aTala vidhAna hai|" yaha sunate hI usa mahilA ke smRtipaTala para usake vigata jIvana kA ghaTanAcakra ubhara AyA aura usake vizAla locanoM se azra proM kI avirala dhArA pravAhita ho utthii| sAMtvanA bhare svara meM zIlaguNasUri bole- "putrI ! tumhAre ye durdina bhI sadA rahane vAle nahIM haiM / tumhArA yaha bAlaka mahAn bhAgyazAlI hai / bhaviSya meM yaha gurjaragharA kA bhAgya vidhAtA bnegaa| yadi tumheM kisI prakAra kI Apatti nahIM ho to maiM yaha jAnanA cAhaMgA ki tuma kauna ho, yaha bAlaka kisa kula kA pradIpa hai| bhautika eSaNAoM se sadA dUra rahane vAle sAdhuoM para tuma nirbhaya hokara vizvAsa kara sakatI ho tumhAre sAhasa ko dekhakara hameM bar3I prasannatA huI hai| hama logoM se tumheM sadA acchAI kI hI AzA karanI cAhiye / aba tuma hamase binA kisI bAta ko chupAye, sAra rUpa meM apane bIte jIvana ke sambandha meM batAne yogya bAteM btaayo|" usa bAlaka kI mAtA ne apanI phaTI sATikA ke chora se apane prAMsa poMche aura isa prakAra apane Apako Azvasta karate hue usane apane bIte jIvana kA paricaya denA prArambha kiyA- "yogIzvara ! maiM paMcAsara ke rAjA jayazekhara kI rAnI hUM, merA nAma rUpasundarI hai / kalyANI-pati bhuvar3a ke sAtha yuddha karate hue ve raNAMgaNa meM hI svargastha hue| mere patideva mahArAja jayazekhara jisa samaya svargastha hue, usa samaya yaha bAlaka mere garbha meM hI thaa| yaha to sarvavidita hI hai ki rAjagharAnoM meM rAjya ko hathiyAne ke liye thor3A sA avasara milate hI SaDyantroM kA sUtrapAta ho jAtA hai / mere garbhastha zizu kI, rAjya ke lobha meM prAkara koI hatyA na kara de, isa saMbhAvita bhaya se maiM zatruoM se bacakara rAjaprAsAda se ekAkI nikalI aura yahAM vikaTa vana meM Akara vanya jIvana vyatIta karane lgii| isa vana meM hI samaya para maiMne vi0 saM0 752 kI vaizAkha zuklA pUrNimA ke dina isa bAlaka ko janma diyA hai| isa bAlaka ne devadurvipAka se rAjaprAsAda ke sthAna para isa vana meM janma liyA, isaliye maiMne isakA nAma vanarAja rakhA hai| cApotkaTa vaMza kA pradIpa yaha bAlaka apane janmakAla se hI isa vikaTa vanI ke vanya pazuoM ke bIca yena kena prakAreNa apanA zaizava kAla vyatIta kara rahA hai| isake mAmA murapAla haiM / SaDyantrakArI loga bar3e satake hote haiM / ve isake sabhI nikaTa saMvandhiyoM ke yahAM isa bAlaka kI Toha meM pravazya lage hoNge| kahIM merA yaha nanhA sA lAla una paDyantrakAriyoM ke jAla meM na phaMsa jAya, isI bhaya se maiM apane kisI prAtmIya ke pAsa na jAkara isa ekAnta vana meM isake prANoM kI rakSA kara rahI haiN|" Page #632 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 574 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3 apane jIvana ke uSAkAla se hI rAjamahaloM meM rahane vAlI eka kSatriya bAlA hiMsra pazutroM se saMkula nirjana vana meM kisa sAhasa aura AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha raha rahI hai, yaha dekha aura sunakara zIlaguNasUri avAka raha gye| unhoMne mana hI mana meM kahA-"isI prakAra kI sAhasa-zaurya-puja kSatrANiyoM kI kukSi se zauryazAlI nararatnoM kA janma hotA hai|" zIlaguNasUri ne rAjamAtA rUpasundarI kI ora abhimukha hote hue kahA"vatse ! sAhasa aura zaurya kI apratima pratimUrti ratnagarbhA kSatrANI kI isa adbhuta zauryagAthA ko sunakara AryadharA ke AbAlavRddha kA bhAla garva se samunnata ho jAtA hai / aba paga-paga para saMkaToM kI paramparAoM se paripUrNa tumhAre vanya jIvana ke dina samApta hue| tuma mere sAtha clo| tumhAre rahana-sahana aura isa honahAra bAlaka ke lAlana-pAlana zikSaNa-dIkSaraNa Adi kI sabhI bhAMti kI samucita vyavasthA kara dI jaaygii| hama logoM ke atirikta tumhArA vAstavika paricaya kisI ko nahIM ho pAyagA / tuma hamArI dharmaputrI ho| gurjarabhUmi kA sampUrNa jaina samAja tumheM aura tumhAre bAlaka ko deza kI anamola dharohara mAnakara tumhAre svAbhimAna-sammAna kI samucita rUpa se rakSA karegA / tuma apane putra ko lekara pUrNarUpeNa Azvasta hokara hamAre sAtha clo|" rUpasundarI ne tatkAla jholI sahita bAlaka ko apanI pITha para liyA aura usa santamaNDalI ke caraNacihnoM kA anusaraNa karatI huI unake sAtha-sAtha patha para agrasara ho gyii| zIlaguNasUri bAlaka vanarAja aura usakI mAtA ke sAtha paMcAsara ke upAzraya meM pAye / unhoMne apanI sevA meM upasthita hue jaina zrIsaMgha ke pradhAna ke sAtha gupta maMtraraNA kara rAjamAtA rUpasundarI aura usake putra vanarAja kI eka surakSita bhavana meM AvAsa-bhojana-pAna Adi jIvanopayogI sabhI sAmagriyoM kI samucita vyavasthA kara dii| . bAlaka vanarAja kA lAlana-pAlana bar3e hI pyAra-dulAra ke sAtha hone lgaa| bAlaka vanarAja dvitIyA ke candra kI kalA ke samAna kSAtra-teja ke sAtha-sAtha uttarottara abhivRddha hone lgaa| vaha apanA adhikAMza samaya caityavAsI zIlaguNasUri ke sthira AvAsa-caityAlaya meM hI vyatIta krtaa| zIlaguNasUri ke paTTa ziSya devacandrasUri ne bAlaka vanarAja ke zikSaNa kA kArya svayaM apane hAtha meM liyA aura ve bar3e hI manoyogapUrvaka sneha se vidyAdhyayana karAne ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma ke pramukha siddhAntoM kI prArambhika zikSA bhI dene lge| unhoMne bAlaka vanarAja ke bAlasulabha nizchala mAnasa meM kSatriyakumArocita satya, Page #633 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 575 zIla, zaurya, paropakAra, nirbhIkatA Adi ucca naitika dharAtala ke saMskAroM ko bhI DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyaa| devacandrasUri kI AzA ke anurUpa hI bAlaka vanarAja bhI ina susaMskAroM ko anukramaza: hRdayaMgama karane ke sAtha-sAtha unheM apane jIvana meM DhAlane lgaa| kuzAgrabuddhi bAlaka vanarAja kizoravaya meM praveza karate-karate vyAvahArika jJAna ke sAthasAtha aneka vidyAoM tathA nIti evaM nyAyazAstra meM pAraMgata bana gayA / ___ samucita zikSaNa pradAna kara dene ke pazcAt dUradarzI avasarajJa zIlaguNasUri ne vanarAja ko usake mAmA sUrapAla ke pAsa kSatriyocita zastrAstroM kI zikSA ke liye bheja diyaa| apane mAmA ke pAsa rahakara vanarAja ne zastrAstra-saMcAlana aura raNabhUmi meM zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane kI yuddhakauzala-kalA kA zikSaNa prApta kiyaa| vanarAja bAlyakAla se hI bar3A mahatvAkAMkSI thaa| yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa karate hI usane gurjara bhUmi meM eka aise zaktizAlI evaM suvizAla rAjya kI sthApanA kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA, jisakI ora kabhI koI zaktizAlI se zaktizAlI zatru bhI aAMkha uThAkara dekha na sake / usane eka prakAra se zaktizAlI gurjara rAjya kI sthApanA ko apane jIvana kA lakSya banA liyaa| apane jIvana ke isa lakSya kI pUrti ke liye use bar3e lambe samaya taka saMgharSarata rahanA par3A / lagabhaga 30 varSoM taka saMgharSarata rahane ke pazcAt use apane abhISTa lakSya kI prApti huii| itane lambe saMgharSakAla meM use caityavAsI prAcArya zIlaguNasUri, unake ziSya evaM paTTadhara devacandrasUri aura caityavAsI saMgha se lagAtAra kisI na kisI rUpa meM sakriya sahayoga prApta hotA rahA / saMgharSa kI ghar3iyoM meM bar3I se bar3I vipatti Ane para bhI vaha kabhI nirAza nahIM huaa| apane saMgharSapUrNa jIvanakAla meM aneka bAra AI prabhAvapUrNa vipannAvasthA meM bhI vaha zaktizAlI gurjara rAjya kI sthApanA ke svapna dekhatA rahA aura apanI kalpanA ke bhAvI vizAla rAjya ke yogya pahale se hI, pradhAnAmAtya, mantrI, daNDanAyaka-senApati prAdi padoM ke gurutara bhAra ko vahana karane meM sakSama vyaktiyoM kA cayana karane meM saMlagna rhaa| apane svapnoM ke sAmrAjya ko sUcArurUpa se calAne ke lie vanarAja dvArA kiye gaye suyogya vyaktiyoM ke cayana kI ghaTanAeM bar3I hI rocaka hone ke sAthasAtha mahatvAkAMkSI manISiyoM ke liye bar3I upayogI siddha ho sakatI haiN| isa dRSTi se unameM se do tIna mukhya ghaTanAoM ko yahAM uddhata kiyA jA rahA hai: 1. saMgharSa kI vikaTa ghar3iyoM meM apane sainikoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa evaM zatruoM ke sAtha saMgharSa ke liye zastrAstroM kI pUrti hetu vanarAja ko dasyu karma bhI aMgIkAra karanA pdd'aa| Page #634 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 576 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 eka dina jAMba athavA cAMpA nAmaka zrImAlI jAtIya jaina vyApArI ghRta becane ke liye nagara kI ora jA rahA thaa| jaba vaha ghatapAtroM se bhare apane gADoM ke sAtha eka vana ko pAra kara rahA thA, usa samaya vanarAja ko paristhitivazAt dasyukarma karane ke liye bAdhya honA par3A thaa| gADoM ke sAtha vyApArI ko dekhate hI vanarAja ne apane do sAthiyoM ke sAtha Age bar3ha kara use rokA / pratyutpannamati vaNik ne tAr3a liyA ki Aja use lUTA jaayegaa| vaha svayaM dhanurdhArI thaa| usane tatkAla apane tUNIra meM se sabhI tIroM ko nikAlA / ve kUla 5 tIra the| una pAMca tIroM meM se do tIroM ko usane vanarAja ke dekhate-dekhate hI tor3a-maror3a kara eka ora pheMka diyA aura zeSa tIna tIroM ko hAtha meM lekara khar3A ho gyaa| vanarAja ne Azcarya prakaTa karate hae usa vyApArI se pUchA :- "e vaNika ! ina pAMca bANoM meM se do ko tor3a kara tumane eka ora kyoM pheMka diyA ?" jAmba ne tatkAla bar3I nirbhIkatA se uttara diyA- "tuma loga tIna ho ataH tumhAre liye ye tIna bAMNa hI paryApta haiN| zeSa do bAraNoM kA bojhA maiM vyartha hI kyoM DhoU, isa liye maiMne inako tor3akara eka pora pheMka diyaa|" hAsya bhare pAzcaryamizrita svara meM vanarAja ne pUchA - "acchA! itanA aTa vizvAsa hai tumheM apanI dhanurvidyA para? yadi aisA hai to vAyu ke jhoMkoM se jhakajhorita usa vRkSa kI TahanI ke vAma pArzva meM jhamate hue usa phala kA lakSyavedha kro|" jAmba ne tatkAla apane dhanuSa kI pratyaMcA para zarasaMdhAna karake tIra calA diyaa| jisakI ora vanarAja ne saMketa kiyA thA vahI phala pRthvI para A giraa| harSavibhora hokara vanarAja ne kahA-"tumhAre sAhasa aura dussAdhya lakSyavedha se maiM bar3A prasanna haM / gurjara rAjya kI sthApanA ke sAtha hI maiM tumheM apane rAjya kA mahAmaMtrI bnaauuNgaa| samajha lo ki Aja isa kSaNa se hI tuma mere vizAla garjara rAjya ke pradhAna mantrI ho| apane buddhi-kauzala se tuma koI aisA upAya soco ki hameM vipala dhanarAzi kI prApti ho| tumhArI buddhi aura merI zakti ke yoga se saphalatA hamAre caraNa cuumegii| bhAvI gurjara rAjya ke mahAmAtya ! jApro aura apAra dhanarAzi kI prApti ke liye abhI se upAya khojanA prArambha kara do|" zreSThi jAmba ne bhI vanarAja kI AjJA ko ThIka usI rUpa meM zirodhArya kiyA, jisa lahaje se eka pradhAnamantrI apane samrAT kI prAjJA ko zirodhArya karatA hai| vanarAja ne zreSTha jAmba kA nAma, grAma prAdi apanI dainandinI meM likhA aura use saharSa jAne kI anumati pradAna kara dii| Page #635 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravarttI prAcArya ] [ 577 2. saMgharSa ke dinoM meM apane sainikoM kI AvazyakatApUrti ke lie vanarAja ko rAtri ke samaya kAkara nAmaka grAma ke zrImAlI jAtIya jaina zrImanta ke ghara meM seMdha lagAne ke liye bAdhya honA par3A / usa ghara ke kisI eka kakSa meM ghusate hI usane eka bhANDAgAra ke kapATa kholakara usameM apanA hAtha DAlA / saMyoga kI bAta thI ki usakA hAtha aMdhakAra ke kAraNa dahI se bhare caur3e muMha ke eka pAtra meM jA par3A / jaba usane anubhava kiyA ki usakA hAtha dahI para lagA hai to vaha binA kucha liye hI tatkAla khAlI hAtha vahAM se lauTa gayA / prAtaHkAla jaba ghara vAloM ko patA calA ki ghara meM rAtri ke samaya saMgha lagI hai, to ghara meM acchI taraha chAnabIna kI gaI / kevala daghi dugdhAdi ke bhANDAgAra ke kapATa khule dekhakara aura dahI meM kisI ke hAtha ke rekhAcihna dekhakara saba ghara vAloM ko pUrA vizvAsa ho gayA ki seMdha lagI avazya hai kintu ghara meM se koI bhI vastu nahIM hai / zraSThi kI bahana zrIdevI ne dahI ke usa bhANDa ko bAhara nikAlakara dekhA to usake zrAzcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| usane apane bhAI aura pArivArika janoM ko kahA - "jo vyakti hamAre ghara meM saMgha DAlane prAyA thA, vaha koI sAdhAraNa vyakti nahIM apitu vaha to koI mahAn bhAgyazAlI pratApI puruSa hai / usake hAtha kI rekhA ke jo cihna dahI kI UparI sataha para ubhare haiM, ve pUrNataH spaSTa nahIM haiM kintu jo eka-do rekhAcihna spaSTa dikha rahe haiM, unase sunizcita rUpeNa yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yA to vaha vartamAna meM hI koI mahApratApI puruSa hai athavA nikaTa bhaviSya meM hI usakA sUrya ke samAna bhAgyodaya hone vAlA hai / mujhe Azcarya hai ki isa prakAra ke bhAgyazAlI puruSa ko seMdha lagAne kI AvazyakatA kyoM par3I / " zrIdevI ne usa ghaTanA kI vAstavikatA ko na samajha pA sakane ke kAraNa apane mana meM utpanna huI antarvyathA ko abhivyakta karate hue kahA- "kyA hI acchA ho ki vaha puruSa eka bAra apane ghara meM punaH prAve, to maiM usake hAtha kI rekhAnoM ko ThIka se dekhUM aura use batAUM, ki vAstava meM vaha kyA hai aura kyA hone vAlA hai / " karNa - paramparA se zrIdevI dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye udgAra vanarAja taka bhI pahuMca gye| dUsare dina vaha chadmaveSa meM kAkara ke usa zreSThi ke ghara pahuMcA aura usane usa zreSTha ke sAtha usakI bahina zrIdevI se sAkSAtkAra kiyA / zrIdevI ne usake lakSaNoM evaM hastarekhAoM se pahacAna liyA ki yahI vaha puruSa hai, jisake hAtha kA nizAna dahI ke bhANDa meM aMkita dikhAI diyA thA / zrIdevI ne vanarAja ko apanA dharmabhrAtA mAna kara usake hAtha meM aMkita rekhAnoM ko dekhA aura kahA ki nikaTa bhaviSya meM hI Apa eka mahAn sAmrAjya ke svAmI hone vAle haiM / usane bar3e hI sneha sammAna ke sAtha vanarAja ko apane ghara bhojana karavAyA aura bAtoM hI bAtoM meM ucca Adarzo para aTala rUpa se sthira rahane kI use preraNAprada zikSA bhI dI / Page #636 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 578 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 "tuma merI dharma bahina ho" - yaha kahate hue vanarAja ne zrIdevI dvArA dI gaI zikSAoM ko apane jIvana meM DhAlane kA AzvAsana dete hue apanA Antarika dRr3ha saMkalpa prakaTa kiyA ki jisa samaya vaha rAjasiMhAsana para baiThegA to usa samaya apanI dharmabahina zrIdevI ke hAtha se hI rAjatilaka karavAyegA / 3. isI prakAra vanarAja ne cAvar3A rAjavaMza ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna hone se pUrva hI apane sAMdhivaigrahika athavA parama vizvAsapAtra athavA apane rahasyapUrNa kArya-kalApoM meM gupta mantraraNA kAraka mantrI mor3ha jAtIya jaina zrI Azaka kA manonayana bhI kara liyA thA / jAmba zreSThI vanarAja se jaMgala meM bheMTa ke pazcAt samaya-samaya para milakara use apane buddhi bala se artha prApti ke upAya batA kara use dhana prApti karavAtA rahA / zreSThi jAmba ne eka dina dekhA kiM bhuvaDa rAjA ke rAjasva adhikArI rAjasva kI ugAhI ke liye gujarAta meM Aye hue haiM / jAmba ne unase samparka sAdha kara unheM bhUrAjasva Adi kI vasUlI meM bar3I sahAyatA kI aura vaha bhuvar3a ke rAjasva adhikAriyoM kA parama prItipAtra evaM vizvAsa pAtra bana gyaa| jAmba ne ugAhI kI dhana rAzi ko svarNa mudrAoM ke rUpa meM parivartita karavAyA / rAjasva kI pUrI vasUlI ho jAne ke pazcAt bhuvar3a ke adhikAriyoM kI kalyANI kI ora lauTane kI tithi nizcita huI / jAmba ne bar3e hI gupta DhaMga se vanarAja se samparka sAdha kara bhuvar3a ke adhikAriyoM ke lauTane ke mArga evaM tithi Adi se use avagata kara diyA / vanarAja bhuvar3a ke koSa rakSaka sainikoM kI saMkhyA se caugunI saMkhyA meM apane sainikoM ko sAtha le bhuvar3a ke rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke lauTane ke mArga meM una para AkramaNa karane ke liye upayukta sthAna para vRkSoM kI oTa meM apanA zivira DAla diyA / bhuvar3a ke rAjasva adhikArI vipula dhanarAzi evaM sainikoM ke sAtha jyoM hI usa vana meM pahuMce vanarAja apane sainikoM ke sAtha una para TUTa par3A vanarAja ke prabala AkramaNa ke samakSa nahIM Tika sake / kucha hI sainika kSata-vikSata ho dharAzAyI ho gaye / / bhuvar3a ke sainika kSaNoM meM bhuvar3a ke isa AkramaNa meM vanarAja ko 24 lAkha svarNa mudrAeM, 400 hAthI aura zakaTa, zastrAstra Adi aneka prakAra kI sAmagrI prApta huI / itanI bar3I dhanarAzi ekatrita ho jAne para vanarAja ne eka zaktizAlI senA kA gaThana kara apane paitrika rAjya para adhikAra karanA Arambha kara diyA / bhuvar3a ghor3e, aneka Page #637 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 576 ko apane caroM se jJAta ho gayA ki vanarAja ne ajeya zakti ekatrita kara lI hai ataH usane gajarAta kI ora se apanA mukha mor3a liyaa| antatogatvA lambe saMgharSa ke pazcAt kramazaH gurjara bhUmi ke choTe bar3e aneka kSetroM para apanA Adhipatya sthApita karate-karate vanarAja cAvar3A gurjara bhUmi ke vizAla evaM zaktizAlI rAjya kA svAmI bana gyaa| apane guru zIlaguNasUri ke nirdezAnusAra vanarAja ne vikrama saM0 802 kI vaizAkha zuklA akSaya tRtIyA ke dina zIlaguNasUri dvArA batAI gaI bhUmi para araNahillapurapattana nagara kI nIMva kA zilAnyAsa kiyaa| mahArAjA vanarAja ne cApotkaTa rAjavaMza ke rAjasiMhAsana para ArUDha hote samaya apanI dharmabahina zrIdevI se hI pUrvakRta saMkalpa ke anusAra rAjatilaka krvaayaa| ___ usane zrImAlI jaina jAmba-apara nAma cAMparAja ko jaMgala meM kI gaI apanI pratijJA ke anusAra apanA maMtrI bnaayaa| jAmba ke uttarAdhikArI vaMzadhara pIr3hiyoM prapIr3hiyoM taka gurjara rAjya ke rAjakAryoM meM sakriya yogadAna dete rhe| jAmba kA vaMza bar3e lambe samaya taka mantrIvaMza ke rUpa meM gurjarabhUmi meM vikhyAta rhaa| vanarAja ne pATaNa ko basAte samaya gAMbhU ke nivAsI nInA nAmaka zreSTha ko pATaNa bulAkara use parivAra sahita pATaNa meM basAyA / vanarAja ne nInA ko mahAmaMtrI pada pradAna kara use pATaNa nagara kA mahAdaNDanAyaka bhI bnaayaa| jisa prakAra nandivardhana (prathama nanda) ko kalpAka mahAmAtya ke rUpa meM milA aura usane nanda rAjAoM ko pIr3hI prapIr3hI ke liye eka kuzala evaM svAmibhakta amAtyavaMza pradAna kiyA usI bhAMti yadi yaha kahA jAya to atizayokti nahIM hogI ki ahillapura pattana ke prathama mahAmantrI ke rUpa meM mahArAjA vanarAja dvArA manonIta mahAmantrI nInA ne bhI gurjarabhUmi ke rAjavaMzoM ko nIti nipuNa evaM svAmibhakta jaina amAtyavaMza pradAna kiyaa| nInA kA vaMzaja lahira cApotkaTa rAjavaMza ke antima rAjA ke zAsanakAla meM aura mUlarAja solaMkI ke rAjyakAla meM bhI daNDanAyaka rhaa| isI nInA mahAmantrI ke vaMzaja vIra aura neDha bhI pATaNa ke daNDanAyaka rahe / daNDanAyaka vIra kA putra vimala bhI bhImadeva solaMkI ke zAsana kAla meM gujarAta kA maMtrI evaM daNDanAyaka rahA / isI prakAra maMtrI dhavala, mahAmantrI Ananda Adi aneka amAtya isI amAtyavaMza meM hue / gurjareza jaina mahArAjA kumArapAla kA mahAmAtya pRthvIpAla bhI nInA mahAmantrI kA hI vaMzadhara thaa| isa prakAra suyogya vyaktiyoM ke cayana meM vanarAja bar3e hI nipuNa aura adbhut sUjha-bUjha ke dhanI the| jahAM taka kRtajJatA jJApana kA prazna hai cApotkaTa rAjavaMza Page #638 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 580 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa --- bhAga 3 ke mahArAjA vanarAja ko dakSiNa ke gaMgarAjavaMza evaM hoysala rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM ke samakakSa rakhA jA sakatA hai, jinhoMne zatAbdiyoM taka apane rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka jainAcArya ke prati apratima kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra evaM usake abhyudaya utkarSa ke liye anupama yogadAna diyA / zIlaguNasUri ke kRpAprasAda se vanarAja kA samucita rUpeNa lAlana-pAlana huA / zIlaguNasUri ke paTTadhara ziSya devacandrasUri ne use samucita zikSaNa pradAna kara suyogya banAyA / ina donoM hI guruziSyoM ne tathA unake iMgita mAtra para apanA sarvasva nyauchAvara kara dene vAle caityavAsI jaina zrIsaMgha ne samaya-samaya para vanarAja ko saba bhAMti kI sahAyatA pradAna kI / apane ananya upakAriyoM- zIlaguNasUri, devacandrasUri aura caityavAsI jaina zrIsaMgha ke prati apanI agAdha kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue vanarAja cAvar3A ne gurjara rAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para prArUDha hote samaya zIlaguNasUri aura devacandrasUri ke hAthoM se vAsakSepa ke sAtha apanA rAjyAbhiSeka karavAyA thA / apane sAtha kiye gaye ananya upakAra ke prati Antarika kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue vanarAja ne apane guru zIlaguNasUri kI icchAnusAra pATaNa ke vizAla rAjya meM caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI paramparAoM ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke praveza taka para pratibandha lagAne kI sthAyI prAjJA nikAlakara gurjara pradeza meM caityavAsI paramparA ke pracAra-prasAra aura pallavana meM aisA apUrva yogadAna diyA thA, jisakA udAharaNa anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotA / ise kRtajJatA prakAzana meM vanarAja dvArA apane guru ko dI gaI eka bahuta bar3I aitihAsika dakSiNA kI saMjJA dI jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI / vanarAja dvArA isa prakAra prasArita kI gaI pratibandhAtmaka rAjAjJA kA sabase bar3A lAbha caityavAsI paramparA ko yaha milA ki vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI se hI gurjara bhUmi meM pUrNavarcasva kI sthiti meM rahate A rahe caityavAsI vIra ni0 kI 16 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha taka gurjara bhUmi meM apanI paramparA kA hI ekacchatra prabhutva jamAye rakha sake / gurjara bhUmi meM rAjyAzraya pAyI huI caityavAsI paramparA kisI anya pratidvandvI paramparA ke pracAra ke abhAva meM binA kisI bAdhA ke uttarottara nirbAdha gati se nirantara pallavita evaM puSpita hotI hI rahI / use lagabhaga 5 zatAbdiyoM taka virodha kI garama havA taka nahIM lagI / vanarAja cAvar3A ne bAlyakAla meM caityavAsI prAcArya devacandrasUri se jaina siddhAntoM kI zikSA prApta kI thii| vaha jIvana bhara zIlaguNasUri ko aura devacandra sUri ko apanA guru mAnatA rahA / ina caityavAsI prAcAryoM evaM caityavAsI saMgha dvArA kiye gaye upakAroM ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karane ke liye na kevala vanarAja hI apitu usake vaMzaja bhI apane Apako caityavAsI paramparA ke hI upAsaka mAnate evaM prakaTa karate rahe / kSatriya vaMzI cAvar3A caityavAsiyoM ko apanA kulaguru mAnate the, isa tathya kA dyotaka eka dohA bar3A prasiddha rahA hai, jo isa prakAra hai -: Page #639 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya / [ 581 zizodiyA sAMDesarA, caudasiyA cauhANa / caityavAsiyA cAvar3A, kulaguru eha bakhANa / / prabhAvaka caritra meM bhI caityavAsiyoM ke mukha se vanarAja cAvar3A para caityavAsI AcArya devacandrasUri dvArA kiye gaye upakAroM ke prati apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa karane hetu vanarAja kI AjJA se caityavAsiyoM dvArA asammata anya sabhI jaina paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA pATaNa ke vizAla rAjya meM praveza niSedha kI rAjAjJA prasArita kiye jAne kA adholikhita rUpa meM vivaraNa milatA hai :--- anuyuktAzca te caivaM prAhuH zRNu mahIpate ! purA zrI vanarAjo'bhUt cApotkaTavarAnvayaH / / 71 / / sa bAlye vaddhita zrImaddevacandra Na sUriNA / nAgendragacchabhUddhAra prAgvarAhopamAspRzA / / 72 / / pacAzrayAbhidhasthAnasthitacatya nivAsinA / . puraM sa ca nivezyeda mamatra rAjyaM dadau navam / / 73 / / vanarAjavihAraM ca tatrAsthApayata prabhuH / kRtajJatvAdasau teSAM gurUNAmahaNaM vyadhAt / / 74 / / vyavasthA tatra cAkAri saMghena napAsAkSikam / sampradAyavibhedena lAghavaM na yathA bhavet / / 75 / / caityagacchayativAtasammato vasatAnmuniH / nagare munibhirnAtra vastavyaM tadasammataiH / / 76 / / ' vanarAja ne pATaNa nagara kA vikrama saM0802 meM zilAnyAsa karate samaya bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke mandira kI nIMva kA zilAnyAsa bhI kiyaa| pATaNa nagara ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAne ke pazcAt vanarAja ne pArzvanAtha ke mandira kI pratiSThA apane guru caityavAsI prAcArya zIlaguNa sUri ke hAthoM niSpanna karavAI / pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ke usa mandira kA nAma vanarAjavihAra bhI rakhA gyaa| usa vanarAja vihAra ke sambandha meM isa prakAra kA ullekha bhI upalabdha hotA hai ki vanarAja ne yaha vihAra apanI mAtA kI suvidhA ke liye banavAyA jisase ki vaha pratidina pArzvaprabhU kI pUjA kara sake / vanarAja kI mAtA bhI parama jinopAsikA thii| __ isa prakAra vanarAja cAvar3A ko eka vizAla evaM zaktizAlI gurjara rAjya kI sthApanA ke apane jIvana ke lakSya kI pUrti meM caityavAsI prAcArya zIlaguNasUri, unake ziSya devacandrasUri, caityavAsI jaina saMgha aura jaina manISiyoM kA prArambha se anta taka ' prabhAvaka caritra, abhayadevaricaritam, pRSTha 163 Page #640 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 582 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 samaya-samaya para sabhI bhAMti sakriya sahayoga prApta hotA rhaa| pATaNa rAjya ke Azraya meM jisa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA phalI aura phUlI usI prakAra caityavAsiyoM ke sakriya sahayoga se vanarAja vahada gurjara rAjya kI sthApanA meM saphala-kAma huA, isa tathya ko prAyaH sabhI itihAsa vidoM ne eka svara se svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha jainoM mukhya rUpa se caityavAsiyoM ke sakriya sahayoga kA hI supariNAma thA ki pATaNa lagabhaga 7 zatAbdiyoM taka gurjara rAjya kI rAjadhAnI rahA / vRhad gurjara rAjya kI sthApanA meM jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke sakriya sahayoga ke sambandha meM, 'prabandhacintAmaNi' nAmaka grantha ke vanarAja prabandha meM nimnalikhita zloka mananIya hai : gaurjarAtramidaM rAjyaM, vanarAjAt prabhRtyabhUt / sthApitaM jainamantryAdhaH, tadveSI nava nandati / / arthAt gurjarAtra rAjya kI saMsthApanA jaina mantriyoM ke sakriya sahayoga se huI / cApotkaTavaMzIya kSatriya vanarAja se vRhad gurjara rAjya kA zubhArambha huA isI kAraNa jaina dharma ke prati vidveSa athavA IrSyA rakhane vAlA koI bhI vyakti isa rAjya meM samRddha nahIM ho paataa| vanarAja cAvar3A kA naitika dharAtala kitanA ucca koTi kA thA, isa sambandha meM loka kathA ke rUpa meM eka AkhyAna paramparA se bar3A hI lokapriya rahA hai| vaha pAkhyAna isa prakAra hai :--. "vanarAja ke zAsanakAla meM eka samaya 1000 ghor3oM aura 500 hAthiyoM se lade jahAja samudrI pavana ke pracaNDa jhoMke ke pariNAmasvarUpa apane lakSya kI prora na bar3ha kara somanAtha ke samudrI kinAre para pATaNa rAjya kI sImA meM prA pahuMce / jaba vanarAja ke rAjakumAroM ko yaha sUcanA milI to tInoM rAjakUmAra apane pitA kI sevA meM upasthita hue aura unhoMne apane pitA se una jahAjoM ko lUTa lene kI prAjJA mAMgate hue nivedana kiyA-"deva ! isa ghara pAI huI gaMgA se lAbha kyoM nahIM le liyA jAya / " vanarAja ne apane putroM ko isa prakAra kA koI kArya na karane kA nirdeza dete hue kahA-"maiM samajha nahIM pA rahA hai ki tuma logoM ke mana meM isa prakAra kA anaitika kArya karane ke vicAra hI kaise paaye| tumheM sadA nyAya nItipUrvaka apanI bhujAmoM ke bala se ajita sampadA ko hI apanI sampadA samajhanA caahiye|" binA prayAsa kiye aura binA dhana ke vyaya kiye hI 1000 jAtIya azva maura 500 gajarAja hAtha laga jAyeM, yaha eka bahuta bar3A pralobhana thaa| ve rAjakumAra apane pitA dvArA una jahAjoM ko lUTa lene kI prAjJA ke prApta na hone para bhI lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara sake / unhoMne apane sazastra anucaroM ko bheja kara una jahAjoM ko Page #641 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya. ] [ 583 luTavA liyA aura usa lUTa meM mile 500 hAthiyoM aura 1000 ghor3oM ko vanarAja ke samakSa upasthita kiyaa| apane putroM dvArA kiye gaye isa avaidha kArya se vanarAja ko bar3A duHkha huA, kintu usa samaya vaha mauna rhaa| eka dina samucita prasaMga upasthita hone para vanarAja ne apane patroM se kahA--"hamAre prAsa-pAsa ke rAjA garaNa anya sabhI rAjAoM kI to muktakaNTha se prazaMsA karate haiM kintu jahAM gurjara bhUmi kA nAma AtA hai to ve loga yaha kaha kara hamArI haMsI ur3Ate haiM ki gujarAta meM coroM kA rAjya hai| hameM isa kalaMka ko dhonA hai| kintu tumane rAjAjJA kA ullaMghana kara gurjara rAjya ke bhAla meM lage isa kalaMka ke TIke ko aura gaharA, aura tAjA kiyA hai / isakA mujhe gaharA duHkha hai / " tadanantara vanarAja ne apane tInoM putroM ke samakSa eka dhanuSa prastuta karate hue usa para zarasaMdhAna kI prAjJA dii| kramazaH tInoM rAjakumAroM ne zarasaMdhAna kA prayAsa kiyA kintu unameM se koI zarasaMdhAna nahIM kara skaa| yaha dekha kara vanarAja ne usa dhanuSa ko apane hAtha meM lekara usI samaya zarasaMdhAna kara diyaa| zara saMghAna kiye hue vanarAja ne apane putroM se kahA-"putro! tumane rAjAjJA kA ullaMghana kiyA hai, isa aparAdha kA danDa yA to tuma svayaM bhogo anyathA mujhe tumhArA saMrakSaka hone ke kAraNa tumhAre aparAdha kA daNDa bhoganA hogaa|" yaha kahata hue vRhad gurjara rAjya ke saMsthApaka vanarAja ne jIvana bhara ke liye anna-jala kA tyAga kara pUrNa anazana kara diyaa| katipaya dinoM taka anazana ke sAtha adhyAtma sAdhanA meM lIna rahate hue vanarAja ne 106 varSa kI prAyu pUrNa kara vikrama saM0 86.2 meM ihalIlA samApta kii| na kevala gujarAta pradeza ke apitu bhAryadharA ke itihAsa meM vRhad gujarAta rAjya ke prAca saMsthApaka jaina dharmAnuyAyI rAjA vanarAja kA nAma sadA sammAna ke sAtha liyA jAtA rhegaa| Page #642 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bappabhaTTI sUri tetIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya saMbhUti tathA cautIsaveM yuga pra0 prAcArya mADharasaMbhUti ke yuga pradhAnAcArya kAla ke prabhAvaka evaM mahAvAdI prAcArya bappabhaTTI sUri kA janma pAMcAla pradezastha DumbAughI ( sAmprata kAlIna DuvA ) grAma ke kSatriya bappa kI dharmapatnI bhaTTI kI kukSi se vi0 saM0 800 meM bhAdrapada tRtIyA ravivAra ke dina hasta nakSatra meM huA / bappa kSatriya ne apane putra kA nAma sUrapAla rakhA / bAlaka bar3A tejasvI thA / vaha zuklapakSa kI dvitIyA ke caMdra kI kalAoM ke samAna anukramazaH bar3hane lagA / aneka prasaMgoM para jaba usane apane mAtA-pitA evaM bandhuvarga se yaha sunA ki usake pitA eka rAjya ke svAmI the / zatrunoM ne durabhisandhi kara usake paitRka rAjya para adhikAra kara liyA aura tabhI se usake pitA eka sAdhAraNa kSatriya kA jIvana vyatIta kara rahe haiM / to tejasvI bAlaka sUrapAla ne mana hI mana apanA khoyA huA paitRka rAjya punaH prApta karane kI tthaanii| 1 , jisa samaya bAlaka sUrapAla 6 varSa kA huA usa samaya usane apane pitA ke samakSa apanA saMkalpa prakaTa karate hue unase apane zatruoM kA saMhAra karane kI anumati mA~gI / 'zatruoM ko yadi isa bAlaka ke saMkalpa kA patA cala gayA to ve isake prANoM ke grAhaka bana jAyeMge aura isa taraha use apane vaMza ke AdhArabhUta ekamAtra putra se bhI hAtha dhonA par3egA, isa prAzaMkA se vappa kSatriya ne bAlaka sUrapAla ko DAMTate hue bhaviSya meM kabhI isa prakAra kI bAta taka muMha se na nikAlane kI kar3e zabdoM meM cetAvanI dI / isase usa honahAra pratibhAzAlI vAlaka ke svAbhimAna ko itanI gaharI coTa pahu~cI ki vaha avasara dekha kara apanI mAtA taka ko binA kucha kahe hI ghara se cupacApa nikala gayA / una dinoM gujarAta mahArAjya kI rAjadhAnI pATaNa meM mahArAjA jitazatru gujarAta rAjya ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna the / usa samaya moDha gaccha ke jainAcArya siddhasena apane sadupadezoM se bhavyoM ko satyapatha batAte hue jinazAsana ke pracAra prasAra evaM nija para kalyANa meM nirata the / eka dina AcArya zrI siddhasena pATaNa se 1 vikramataH zUnyadvayatrasutra ( 800 ) bhAdrapadatRtIyAyAm / ravivAre hastakSa janmAbhUd vappabhaTTiguroH / / 736 / / ( prabhAvaka caritra ) Page #643 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravarttI prAcArya ] [ 585 vihAra kara aneka sthAnoM meM vicaraNa karate hue mor3herA grAma meM pahuMce / mor3herA meM prAcArya siddhasena ne rAtri kI avasAna velA meM sukhaprasuptAvasthA meM svapna dekhA ki eka mahAn tejasvI siMhazAvaka chalAMga bhara kara caitya ke uccatama zikhara para jA baiThA hai / usa uttama svapna ko dekhate hI AcArya siddhasena kI nidrA bhaMga huI / prAtaH kAla unhoMne apane ziSya vRnda ko apanA svapna sunAte hue kahA - " rAtri kI avasAna velA meM dekhe gaye isa svapna ke phala para vicAra karane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prasanna bhaviSya meM hI hameM eka aise ziSyaratna kI prApti hone vAlI hai, jo jinazAsana kI pratiSThA ko unnati ke uccatama zikhara taka pahuMcA degA / " svapna dvArA sUcita sukhada sundara phala ke cintana meM zrAnandavibhora ziSyavRnda ke sAtha prAcArya zrI siddhasena mahAvIra ke mandira meM gaye / saMyogavazAt, binA kisI lakSyasthala ke idhara-udhara ghUmatA huAA bAlaka sUrapAla bhI mor3herA ke usI jaina mandira meM zrA pahuMcA / zrAcArya siddhasena kI sUkSmadarzI dRSTi bAlaka sUrapAla para pdd'ii| bAlaka kI alaukika tejasvitApUrNa pratibhA ko dekhate hI AcArya siddhasena ke antastala meM snehasAgara taraMgita ho uThA / unhoMne bAlaka ke pAsa jAkara usake nAma-dhAma, mAtA-pitA- kula Adi ke sambandha meM usase pUchA / bAlaka sUrapAla ne prati vinamra svara meM apane mAtA-pitA, grAma evaM apanA pUrA paricaya prAcArya zrI ko diyaa| bAlaka sUrapAla kI vAgmAdhurI vinamratA evaM nirbhayatA se prAcArya zrI ko zratizaya zrAnanda kA anubhava huA / snehasudhAsikta svara meM unhoMne bAlaka se prazna kiyA- saumya ! kyA tuma hamAre pAsa raha jAoge ?" bAlaka ne tatkAla svIkRtisUcaka harSavibhora mudrA meM uttara diyA :- "deva ! ApakI cararaNa zaraNa meM rahane se bar3ha kara mere liye parama puNyodaya kA aura anya kyA pratiphala ho sakatA hai / " yaha kahate hue usa bAlaka ne apanA mastaka AcArya zrI siddhasena ke caraNasaroruhoM para rakha diyA / apane madhura svapna ko sadya: sAkAra hotA dekhakara prAcArya siddhasena ko Antarika toSa ke sAtha-sAtha asIma Ananda kI anubhUti huI / bAlaka sUrapAla ko apane sAtha liye ve apane upAzraya meM lautte| prArambhika bodha ke sAtha-sAtha unhoMne bAlaka sUrapAla ko dhArmika zikSaraNa denA prArambha kiyA / zrAcArya zrI ke mukhAravinda se eka bAra sunane mAtra se hI use pUrA pATha tatkAla kaMThastha ho jAtA / AcArya zrI usa medhAvI bAlaka kI alaukika pratibhA evaM adbhuta meghAzakti se jyoM-jyoM, uttarottara adhikAdhika prabhAvita hote gaye, tyoM-tyoM unakI adhyApanaruci bhI bar3hatI gaI aura ve use adhikAdhika pATha dene lage / eka dina zikSArthI bAlaka sUrapAla ko AcArya zrI ne anuSTupa chanda ke 1000 zlokoM kA lambA pATha diyA / sUrapAla ne usI dina eka hajAra zlokoM ko kaNThAgra kara jaba AcArya zrI ko sArtha sunAyA to samasta munimaNDala sahita AcArya zrI Page #644 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 586 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 zrAzcaryAbhibhUta ho avAk raha gaye / unheM bAlaka sUrapAla sAkSAt sarasvatI putra sA pratIta hone lagA / aba to AcArya siddhasena usa zAradA-putra tulya bAlaka sUrapAla ko apane ziSya ke rUpa meM pAne ke liye utkaNThita evaM vyagra ho uThe / dUsare hI dina AcArya siddhasena apane kucha ziSyoM evaM usa bAlaka ko sAtha sUrapAla 'kI janmabhUmi DubAudhI grAma kI ora prasthita hue / ugra evaM apratihata vihArakrama se ve katipaya dinoM pazcAt DuMbAudhI pahuMce / munidarzana ke liye anya grAmavAsiyoM ke sAtha kSatriya bappa aura kSatrANI bhaTTI ne bhI AcAryazrI kI sevA meM upasthita ho unheM vandana- namana kiyA / AcArya siddhasena ne kSatriya dampatti se kahA - "puNyAtmAo ! tumhArA yaha bAlaka mahAn tejasvI, kuzAgrabuddhi, pratibhAzAlI aura bar3A hI honahAra hai / tuma apanA yaha putra mujhe de do| maiM ise adhyAtmavidyA meM pAraMgata banA dUMgA / isake laukika lakSaNoM se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha tumhArA bAlaka bhaviSya meM jinazAsana kA mahAn unnAyaka hogA aura tumhArI kIrti ko yugayugAntara taka cirasthAyinI banA degA / " kSatriya bappa aura usakI patnI kSatriyANI bhaTTI ne hAtha jor3akara prati vinamra svara meM AcAryazrI se nivedana kiyA- " yogIzvara ! hamArA yaha ekamAtra putra hI to hamAre kula aura hamArI AzAoM kA kendra-bindu tathA hamAre jIvana kA AdhAra hai / isakA vichoha hama kisa prakAra sahana kara sakeMge ?" 1. AcArya siddhasena ne unheM puna: samajhAte hue kahA"bhavyo ! jisa prakAra kUr3e ke Dhera meM asaMkhya kRmi utpanna hote haiM aura marate haiM, usI prakAra isa saMsAra rUpI avakara (ghUr3e) meM putra utpanna hote rahate haiM aura marate rahate haiM / kRmi tulya usa janma aura maraNa kA koI sAra nahIM, koI mUlya nahIM / tumhArA yaha parama saubhAgyazAlI subhavya putra janma-maraNa kI mahAvyAdhi ko mUlataH vinaSTa karane vAle zramaNa dharma kI ArAdhanA karake apane ApakI aura tumhArI kIrti ko amara karane ke liye kRtasaMkalpa hai / isakA yaha susaMkalpa zlAghya hai / ata: tuma apanA yaha putra hameM samarpita kara vipula puNya kA upArjana karo / " isa para bhI bappa aura bhaTTI ne prA0 siddhasena se nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! yaha hamArA eka mAtra hI to kuladIpaka hai / zrApa svayaM hI vicAra kIjiye ki hamAre eka mAtra isa kulatantu putra ko kaise diyA jA sakatA hai ?" - isI bIca bAlaka sUrapAla ne apane mAtA-pitA ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - "amba ! tAta ! bhISaNa narakAvAsoM ke dussahya duHkhoM ke samAna dAruNa duHkhadAyI garbhAvAsa se sadA-sadA ke liye mukti dilAne vAle zramaraNadharma ko aMgIkAra Page #645 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 587 karane kA maiMne dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyA hai / mAnava janma meM buddhi, jJAna aura zreSTha se zreSThatama guNoM ko prApta kara lene ke anantara bhI yadi narakAvAsa tulya mAtRgarbha meM puna: utpanna honA par3e to ve saba guraNa nirarthaka haiM / ' isa durlabha mAnava janma meM mujhe buddhi, jJAna aura sadasad viveka sampanna pauruSa Adi guraNa mile haiM, ina guNoM kA maiM saMyama graharaNa kara isa prakAra upayoga karUMgA ki mujhe punaH kabhI mAtA ke garbhAvAsa kA, janma-mRtyu kA duHkha bhoganA hI nahIM par3e / merA yaha aTala, Dala nizcaya hai ki maiM zramaraNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa karUMgA / " apane putra ke dRr3ha nizcaya ko sunakara kSatriya dampatti ne kahA - " bhagavan ! hamArA putra sUrapAla bhI zramaNadharma meM dIkSita hone ke liye kRta-saMkalpa hai aura Apa bhI ise ziSyaratna ke rUpa meM prApta karanA cAhate haiM / to aisI sthiti meM hamAre isa ekamAtra kulapradIpa putra ke dIkSita ho jAne para hamArA to kula aura nAma hI samApta ho jAyagA / isaliye eka prArthanA hai ki zrApa ise ziSya ke rUpa meM dIkSita to kara leM para dIkSita hone para hama donoM ke nAma ko cirasthAyI rakhane ke liye isakA nAma 'bappa bhaTTI' hI rakhane kI kRpA kreN|" AcArya siddhasena ne unake isa Agraha ko svIkAra kara liyA / tadanantara ppa aura bhaTTI ne apanA putra saharSa prAcArya siddhasena ko samarpita kara diyA / apane abhIpsita kI siddhi se prAcArya siddhasena ko apAra harSa huaa| sUrapAla jaise mahA medhAvI ziSyaratna ko pAkara unhoMne apane Apako, apane gaccha ko aura jinazAsana ko dhanya samajhA / Na bAlaka sUrapAla ko sAtha le AcArya siddhasena apane ziSya samUha sahita saharSa moDherA lauTa Aye aura vahAM vikrama saM0 807 kI vaizAkha zuklA tRtIyA, guruvAra ke dina unhoMne sUrapAla ko zramaNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna kI / dIkSA pradAna karate samaya AcAryazrI ne aupacArika rUpa se sUrapAla kA nAma bhadrakIti rakhA / kintu usake mAtA-pitA ko diye gaye vacana kI paripAlanA karate hue prAcAryazrI navadIkSita muni ko bappa bhaTTI ke nAma se hI sambodhita karate rahe / ataH navadIkSita bhadrakIrti muni sarvatra bappa bhaTTI ke nAma se hI vikhyAta ho gaye / 1 sA buddhivilayaM prayAtu kulizaM tatra zrute pAtyatAm, valgantaH pravizantu te hutabhuji jvAlAkarAle guNAH / yaiH sarveH zaradendukunda - vizada prAptaMrapi prApyate, bhUyo'pyatra purandhrirandhranarakakor3AdhivAsa vyathA // 2 mor3here te vihRtyAmu dIkSitvA nAma cAdadhuH / svAkhyA trikekAdazAda, bhadrakIrtiriti zrutam / / 26 / / tatpitro pratipannena, pUrvAkhyA tu prasiddhibhUH / ziSya maulimaraNe rasya, kalAsaMketavezmanaH // 30 // ( prabandhakoSa, pR0 27 ) , ( prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 83 ) Page #646 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 588 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 navadIkSita muni kI alaukika pratibhA para mugdha ho moDherA ke zrIsaMgha ne prAcArya siddhasena se prArthanA kI ki ve ziSyavRnda sahita moDherA meM hI raha kara kuzAgrabuddhi navadIkSita bappa bhaTTI muni ko aMgopAMgAdi zAstroM evaM samasta vidyAnoM kA adhyayana kraayeN| saMgha kI abhyarthanA svIkAra kara prAcArya siddhasena apane ziSya. samUha sahita moDherA meM hI rahe aura navadIkSita muni ko vidyAbhyAsa karAne lge| sutIkSNa buddhi muni bappabhaTTo ne pragAr3ha niSThA, utkaTa lagana evaM atizaya vinayapUrvaka vidyAdhyayana prArambha kiyaa| unakI utkaTa sAdhanA se sarasvatI kI una para ananya kRpA ho gaI aura ve svalpa samaya meM hI saba vidyAoM meM niSNAta evaM athAha AgamajJAna ke marmajJa mahA vidvAna bana gye| unakI alaukika kAvya-zakti ko dekha kara sarva sAdhAraNa tathA uccakoTi ke vidvAnoM taka kI yaha dhAraNA bana gaI ki sAkSAt sarasvatI unake kaNThoM meM sadA virAjamAna rahatI hai| eka dina muni bappabhaTTI zaucanivRtti ke pazcAt jaba jaMgala se lauTa rahe the, to usa samaya sahasA varSA hone lgii| varSA se rakSA hetu ve eka devamandira meM praviSTa hue| usI samaya eka atIva tejasvI evaM sundara kSatriya rAjakumAra bhI vRSTi se paritrANArtha usa caitya meM pAyA aura muni ko vandana kara vahAM baiTha gyaa| usa kSatriya kumAra kI dRSTi eka zyAmala zilApaTTa para utkIrNa abhilekha para pdd'ii| usane usa abhilekha ko par3hanA prArambha kiyaa| gar3hArtha evaM rasa se prota-prota una kAvyoM kA artha samajha meM na Ane para usa kSatriyakumAra ne bappabhaTTI se una kAvyoM ko par3hane evaM unakA artha samajhAne kI prArthanA kii| bappabhaTTI ne madhura svara meM kAvya-pATha karate hue kSatriyakumAra ko una zlokoM kA artha smjhaayaa| zleSapUrNa zlokoM ke adbhata rasapUrNa artha aura bAla mUni kI vyAkhyA zailI se vaha kSatriya kizora AzcaryAbhibhUta evaM prAnandavibhora ho uThA / vaha bAlaka muni kI adbhuta pratibhA se pUrNataH prabhAvita ho gayA / vRSTi rukane para vaha pathika kSatriya kizora muni ke sAtha-sAtha saharSa vasati meM pAyA / muni bappabhaTTI kA anusaraNa karate hue usa kizora pAntha ne bhI prAcAryazrI ko vandana-namana kiyaa| navAgantuka kizora ke antarmana ko AzIrvacana se abhisiMcita karate hae AcAryazrI ne usake grAma, kula, mAtA-pitA Adi ke sambandha meM pUchA / usa kizora ne ati vinamra svara meM apanA paricaya dete hae kahA--"jagadvandya yogIzvara ! mahAyazasvI samrATa candragupta maurya kI vaMza paramparA meM kAnyakubjezvara mahArAja yazovarmA kA yaha akiMcana putra hai| merI amitavyayI vRtti se vyathita ho pitRdeva ne mujhe mitavyayI vRtti apanAne kI zikSA dii| usa hitaprada zikSA se bhI merA ahaM atyugra vega se jAgRta ho abhivRddha ho uThA aura maiM mAtA-pitA ko binA kahe hI rAjaprAsAda se ekAkI hI nikala par3A aura aneka sthAnoM para ghUmatA huaA yahAM ApazrI kI caraNa-zaraNa meM upasthita huA huuN|" Page #647 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 586 AcAryazrI dvArA apanA nAma pUche jAne para usake vizAla Ayata locanoM ke palakayugala grIvA ke sAtha hI nIce kI ora jhuka gaye aura usane khaTikA se kSitipaTTa para "prAma' likha diyA / navAgata kizora ke, isa uccakulodbhava janocita saMskAra sampanna vyavahAra ko dekhakara AcArya siddhasena ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki vastutaH vaha koI ucca kulodbhava mahA puNyazAlI prANI hai / unheM kucha prAbhAsa sA huA ki isa kizora ko kucha varSa pUrva unhoMne kahIM dekhA hai| usI kSaNa unake smRtipaTala para vigata pratIta meM dekhA huA eka dRzya aMkita ho uThA / daza-gyAraha varSa pUrva rAmasIriNa kI vikaTa vanI meM vicaraNa karate samaya pIlU (jAla) vRkSoM ke jhuNDa kI chAyA ke nIce vastra kI jholI meM leTe hue chaH mAsa kI Ayu ke eka bAlaka para unakI dRSTi par3I thii| usa choTe se zizu ke adbhuta lakSaNoM ko dekhakara ve usake sannikaTa khar3e ho gaye aura bar3I dera taka usakI ora dekhate hI raha gye| __ katipaya kSaNoM ke pazcAt unheM yaha dekhakara atyanta prAzcarya humA ki bAlaka ke pAsa-pAsa cAroM ora chAyA kA sthAna dhUpa le rahI hai kintu bAlaka ke mukha-maNDala aura zarIra para chAyA pUrva kI bhAMti hI acala hai, susthira hai| usI samaya unheM vizvAsa ho gayA thA ki yaha koI mahA puNyazAlI prANI hai| unake mana meM isa prakAra kA vicAra uThA hI thA ki Asa-pAsa ke vRkSoM se phaloM ko cuna-cuna kara ekatrita karatI huI usa bAlaka kI mAtA vahAM paaii| unane bar3I zAlInatA se bhaktipUrvaka praNAma kiyaa| mukhAkRti se kisI ucca kula kI kulavadhu pratIta hone vAlI usa mahilA se maiMne pUchA thA-"vatse ! tuma kauna ho, kisa kula kI vadhu ho aura tumhArI isa vipannAvasthA kA kAraNa kyA hai ? hama saba prakAra ke sAMsArika prapaMcoM se vinimukta zramaNa haiM, ataH nissaMkoca ho batAne yogya vAstavika sthiti hamAre samakSa rakha do|" usa sambhrAnta mahilA ne kahA thA- "mahAtman ! Apa jaise sama zatru-mitra vizvabandhu mahAyogI se chUpAne yogya koI bAta nahIM hai| maiM kAnyakubjezvara mahArAja yazovarmA kI rAjamahiSI haM / jisa samaya yaha baccA mere garbha meM thA, usa samaya mere prati merI sapatnI rAnI kA sAtiyA DAha atyugra vega se jAgRta humA / pUrva meM mahArAjAdhirAja ne kisI samaya merI usa sapatnI ke kisI kArya se atyadhika prasanna ho usase yatheccha vara mAMgane kA prAgraha kiyA thaa| usane vaha vara usa samaya na mAMga kara mahArAja ke pAsa hI dharohara ke rUpa meM rakha diyA thaa| mujhe garbhavatI dekha kara IrSyAbhibhUtA merI vaha sapatnI mere garbhastha zizu ke jIvana ko dhUlisAta karane ke liye kaTibaddha ho gii| usane mahArAja se usa varadAna kI yAcanA kI aura usake Page #648 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pariNAmasvarUpa mahArAja ne mujhe kAnyakubja rAjya se nirvAsita kara diyaa| bAlyakAla se hI AtmasammAna mujhe prAraNoM se bhI adhika priya rahA hai| apane prAtmasammAna kI rakSArtha maine haMsate-haMsate mRtyu kA AliMgana karanA sadA zreyaskara samajhA hai / isIliye zvasura gRha se nirvAsita hone para maiMne pitA ke ghara jAne kI apekSA araNya ko zaraNa grahaNa karanA hI ucita smjhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki maiM AtmasammAna ke sAtha svAvalambo vanya jovana jI rahI huuN|" ___ maiM usa samaya usa svAbhimAnino sAhasa kI pratimUrti rAjarAnI kI nirbhIkatA dekhakara kSaNa bhara ke liye stabdha raha gayA thaa| anta meM maiMne use sAntvanA dete hue kahA thA-"vatse ! nagarastha hamAre caitya meM cala kara rho| vahAM caitya kI zuzraSA aura isa puNyazAlI mahApratApI putra kI pratipAlanA karatI huI kucha samaya taka apane mAne vAle pracche dinoM kI pratIkSA kro|" mere parAmarza ko svIkAra kara apane putra ko liye hue vaha hamAre sAtha hI nagara meM A gaI thI aura caitya kI zuzrUSA karane meM laga gayI thii| dUsare dina hamane usa nagara se anyatra vihAra kara diyaa| kucha hI samaya pazcAt vihAra kAla meM hamane sunA thA ki rAjarAnI ko nirvAsita karavAne vAlI rAnI kA usako sautoM dvArA kiye gaye SaDyantra ke pariNAmasvarUpa prANAnta ho gayA hai aura kAnyakubjarAja yazovarmA ne guptacaroM se khoja karavAkara usa mahArAnI aura rAjakumAra ko hamAre caitya se sasammAna balavA kara apane rAjaprAsAda meM punaH rakha liyA hai|" ___ apane smRtipaTala para ubharI huI isa pUrva ghaTanA ke pariprekSya meM prAcArya zrI siddhasena ne parIkSAtmaka sUkSma dRSTi se rAjakizora ko aiDI se coTI taka nihArA maura mana ho mana unheM vizvAsa ho gayA ki unhoMne vanavAsinI rAjarAnI ke jisa choTe se zizu ko pUrva meM pola vakSoM ke jhuNDa kI chAyA meM eka jholI meM dekhA thA, vahIM yaha rAjakizora honA cAhiye / bhavya vyaktitva ke sAtha-sAtha jo prazasta zubhalakSaraNa isa kizora meM dRSTigocara ho rahe haiM, ve rAjaputra ke atirikta anya kisI meM prAyaH parilakSita nahIM humA karate / isa prakAra vicAra kara prAcArya siddhasena ne sudhAsikta svara meM usa kizora ko sambodhita karate hue kahA--"vatsa ! nizcita ho apane mitra muni ke pArzva meM rahakara unase sabhI prakAra kI kalAoM evaM vidyAmoM kA laganapUrvaka samIcIna rUpeNa adhyayana kro|" samAcAryazrI ke nirdezAnusAra rAjakumAra pAma muni bappabhaTTI ke sAtha rahane meM lgaa| usane pragAr3ha niSThA, zraddhA, adhyavasAya tathA parizramapUrvaka zAstroM kA adhyayana Page #649 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vora samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 561 prArambha kiyA aura samucita samaya meM, sabhI vidyAoM evaM kalAoM meM adbhut pravINatA prApta kara lii| apanA adhyayana pUrNa ho jAne para eka dina rAjakumAra Ama ne apane parama upakArI guru siddhasena ke caraNoM meM mastaka jhukAte hue asIma kRtajJatA bhare svara meM unase nivedana kiyA- "akAraNa karuNAkara gurudeva ! Apane asIma anugraha kara mujha para jo pArAvAra vihIna upakAra kiyA hai, maiM janma-janmAntaroM taka bhI usa RNa ke bhAra se kabhI uRNa nahIM ho sktaa|" tatpazcAta guru dvArA kiye gaye upakAra ke bhAra se avanata rAjakumAra Ama ne apane sakhA brahmacArI muni bappabhaTTI ke pAsa Akara kahA - "mahAmune! gurudeva aura Apa dvArA mujha para kiye gaye asIma upakAra ke bhAra se maiM dabA jA rahA huuN| yadi mujhe kabhI kAnyakubja kA vizAla rAjya milA to maiM pratijJA karatA hUM ki nizcita rUpa se maiM Apako rAjya duuNgaa|' kizora muni bappabhaTTI ne ISat smitapUrvaka bAta ko TAlate hue kevala itanA hI kahA-"rAjakumAra ! hamAre isa nikhila vizva ke ekacchatra adhyAtma sAmrAjya se bhI bar3hakara saMsAra meM anya aura koI rAjya hai kyA ?" rAjakumAra Ama ke isa prakAra sakala kalAniSNAta hone ke kucha hI dinoM anantara kAnyakubjeza yazovarmA rugNa ho gyaa| apanA antima samaya sannikaTa jAnakara usane apane caroM ko AjJA dI ki ve yathAzIghra rAjakumAra Ama ko DhUr3ha kara sasammAna usake sammukha upasthita kreN| kAnyakubjIya guptacaroM ko svalpa zrama se hI rAjakumAra se sAkSAtkAra ho gyaa| prAcArya siddhasena kI prAjJA prApta kara guptacara apane bhAvI rAjarAjezvara ko lekara kAnyakubjezvara ko sevA meM phuNce| yazovarmA ne bar3e hI harSollAsapUrNa mahotsava ke sAtha apane putra prAma kA kAnyakubja ke rAjyasiMhAsana para rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| kAnyakubja rAjya kI vizAla caturaMgiraNI senA ne, jisameM ki eka lAkha azvArohI, eka lAkha rathArohI, caudaha sau gajArohI aura eka koTi padAti the, gaganavedhI jayaghoSoM ke sAtha apane sadyaH abhiSikta kAnyakubjezvara mahArAjA Ama kA sainika rIti se abhivAdana kiyaa| yaha batAI gaI sainya saMkhyA zodhapriya vidvAnoM ke liye vicAraNIya hai| mahArAjA grAma ke rAjyasiMhAsanAdhirUDha hone ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt usake pitA mahArAja yazovarmA kA dehAvasAna ho gyaa| mahArAjA Ama ne apane pradhAnA ' sabrahmacAritA salyAd rAjaputra, prapannavAn / bappama ! pradAsyAmi, prApta rAjya tava dhra vaM / / 7 / / (prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 82) Page #650 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 mAtya Adi pradhAna puruSoM ko prAcArya siddhasena kI sevA meM preSita kara vidvAn muni bappa bhaTTI ko unake sAtha hI kAnyakubja bhejane kI prArthanA kI / saMgha-prabhAvanA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue prAcArya siddhasena ne katipaya gItArtha muniyoM ke sAtha apane parama priya ziSya bappabhaTTI ko kAnyakubja ke liye vidA kiyaa| nagara se paryApta dUrI para bappabhaTTI ke Agamana kA samAcAra suna kara svayaM kAnyakubjezvara unake sammukha gyaa| vandana-namana, abhivAdana, kuzala prazna Adi ke pazcAt pAma rAja ne bappabhaTTI se kAnyakubja rAjya ke paTTahastI para baiThakara nagara praveza karane kI prArthanA kii| . bappabhaTTI ne kahA-"rAjan ! maiMne sabhI prakAra ke sAvadya kAryoM evaM saMga prAdi kA parityAga kara paMca mahAvrata dhAraNa kiye haiN| padrahastI para baiThane se to mere zramaNAcAra meM aticAra lgegaa|" isa para rAjA Ama ne kahA-"bhagavan ! maiMne Apake samakSa pahale pratijJA kI thI ki mujhe rAjya milane para vaha rAjya prApako de duuNgaa| yaha zreSTha paTTa hastI rAjyAbhiSeka kA hI pratIka hai| isa para Apake baiThane se merI pratijJApUrNa ho jAyagI / anyathA apanI pratijJA pUrI na kara pAne kA zalya mere hRdaya meM jIvana bhara khaTakatA rhegaa|" ___yaha kahate hue mAma rAja ne bappabhaTTI ko apane pralamba bAhu-pAza meM prAbaddha kara bar3e hI prema se balAt abhiSeka-hastI kI pITha para sajI ambAvArI meM rakhe siMhAsana para baiThA diyaa|' nagara ke praveza dvAra se rAjaprAsAda taka ke mukhya pathoM ke donoM ora khar3e mAbAlavRddha nAgarikoM ne vidvAn munipuGgava bappabhaTTI kA abhUtapUrva svAgata kiyaa| bhUpaH samagrasAmagyA, sammukhInastato'gamat / muMgarohaNe vidvatkuMjarasyarthanAM vyadhAt / / 3 / / bappamaTTiruvAcAtha, bhUpaM zamavatAM patiH / sarvasaMgamucAM no'tra, pratijJA hIyatetamAm / / 4 / / rAjobAce vaH purA pUrva yanmayA pratizubhra ve| rAjyamAptaM pradAsyAmi, tallakSma barabAraNaH / / 8 / / ityAlApya balAda paTTasare paraNIdharaH / jitakropAvabhinnAnapatavAcatuSTayam / / 87 // ........................ prAvezayat zamIzreNIzvaramatyutsavAt puram / / 8 / / (prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 92) Page #651 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI zrAcArya ] [ 563 zrAmarAja ne rAjocita sammAna ke sAtha bappabhaTTI ko apane yahAM rakhA zraura aharniza apanA adhikAMza samaya unakI sevA meM rahakara dharma carcA evaM kAvya vinoda meM hI vaha vyatIta karane lagA / katipaya dinoM ke pazcAt mahArAjA grAma ne apane zramAtyoM evaM prabhAvazAlI paurajanoM ke sAtha muni bappabhaTTI ko prAcArya siddhasena kI sevA meM isa prArthanA ke sAtha bhejA ki bappabhaTTI ko prAcArya pada pradAna kara unheM zIghra hI punaH kAnyakubja bhejane kI kRpA kareM / bhaTTIko prAcArya pada ke sarvathA yogya samajhate hue prAcArya siddhasena ne rAjA zrAma kI prArthanA svIkAra kara lI aura vikrama saM0 811 kI caita kRSNA 8 ke dina zubha muhartta meM bappabhaTTI ko prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA / " apane mahApratibhAzAlI ziSya ko apane se dUra na rakhane kI prAMtarika icchA hote hue bhI dharmabhAvanA aura grAmarAja kI anurodhapUrNa prArthanA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AcArya siddhasena ne AcArya bappabhaTTI ko kAnyakubja ke liye vidA kiyA / bappabhaTTI ko kAnyakubja kI ora vidA karate samaya prAcArya siddhasena ne Avazyaka zikSA dete hue unase kahA- " vatsa ! tuma jinazAsana ke udIyamAna jyotirmaya nakSatra ho / tuma yauvana ke pravezadvAra kI ghora agrasara ho rahe ho| tuma isa samaya eka susamRddha janapada ke svAmI mahArAjA grAma ke pUjya hokara usakI rAjasabhA meM jA rahe ho / apane sampUrNa jIvana meM tuma isa bAta ko kabhI na bhUlanA ki taruNAvasthA aura rAjA dvArA pUjita honA ye donoM hI prakAra kI sthitiyAM prAyaza: mahAn anarthakAriNI hotI haiM / ataH tuma apane jIvana meM sadA sajaga rahakara viSaya vAsanAoM kI khAna nAri-saMsarga se dUra rahate hue kAmadeva rUpI sammohaka pizAca se sadA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka AtmarakSA karate rahanA / " apane prArAdhya gurudeva kI zikSA ko zirAdhArya karate hue bappabhaTTI ne kahA"bhagavan ! maiM apane bhaktajanoM ke ghara se kabhI bhojana grahaNa nahIM karU~gA / isake sAtha hI sAtha maiM yaha bhI pratijJA karatA hUM ki maiM bhaviSya meM jIvanaparyanta dUdha, dahI, ghRta, tela aura mIThA - ina pAMcoM hI vigayoM arthAt vikRtijanaka padArthoM kA sevana nahIM karU~gA / " ' ekAdazAdhike tatra jAte varSazatASTake, ( 811) vikramAt so'bhavat sUriH kRSNacaitrASTamIdine / / 115 / / ( prabhAvaka caritra, pR. 83 ) Page #652 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 564 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 bappabhaTTI ne apanI ina donoM pratijJAoM kI jIvanaparyanta pUrNarUpeNa paripAlanA ke liye apane guru siddhasena se tatkAla vidhivat niyama grahaNa kiye|' tadanantara katipaya gItArtha muniyoM evaM AmarAja ke amAtya Adi pradhAna puruSoM ke sAtha apane guru ko praNAma kara prAcArya bappabhaTTI kannoja kI ora prasthita hue| vihAra krama se katipaya dinoM ke pazcAt kannoja pahuMce aura nagara ke bahirastha eka udyAna meM tthhre| bappabhaTTI ke Agamana kA samAcAra sunate hI AmarAja harSa-vibhora ho utthaa| usane apanI caturaMgiNI senA, abhiSeka hastI, sAmantoM, parijanoM evaM paurajanoM ko vizAla janamedinI ke sAtha AcAryazrI bappabhaTTI kA bar3e mahotsava ke sAtha nagarapraveza krvaayaa| isa prakAra kAnyakubja meM rahakara prAcArya bappabhaTTI apane upadezAmRta se rAjA aura prajA varga ko sanmArga para agrasara karane lge| unake pravacanoM ko sunane ke liye pratidina dara-dUra se janasamUha udvelita sAgara kI laharoM ke samAna kAnyakubja kI ora umar3ate rhte| bappabhaTTI ke upadezoM meM prAmarAja ne aneka janakalyANakArI kArya kiye| prajAjanoM ke mAnasa meM dharmajAgaraNa ko abhinava lahara utpanna huI aura logoM meM dhAmika tathA janakalyANakArI kAryoM ke prati paraspara hor3a sI laga gii| bappabhaTTI ke upadeza se mahArAjA Ama ne do mandiroM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| rAjaguru ke rUpa meM bappabhaTTI kI khyAti digdiganta meM prasRta ho gii| apratima pratibhA, pAragAmI pAMDitya, vAcaspati tulya vAgmitA, atyadbhuta kavitvazakti, prakSobhya tArkika buddhi aura bar3e se bar3e prativAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM sahaja hI parAsta kara dene vAle apratima vAda-kauzala prAdi guNoM ke kAraNa tathA pAmarAjya ke zAsanakAla meM jainadharma ko rAjyAzraya prApta hone ke pariNAmasvarUpa jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya abhivRddhi huii| AmarAja ekadA bappabhaTTI ke pAsa baiThA huA kAvya vinoda kA rasAsvAdana kara rahA thaa| usane apane antaHpura ke kisI rahasyapUrNa dRzya para gAthArddha kA nirmANa ' athAnuziSTo vidhivat, gurubhibrahmarakSaNe / tAruNyaM rAjapUjA ca, vatsAnarthadvagaM ha.yadaH // 111 / / AtmarakSA tathA kAryA, yaSA na khanyate bhavAn / vAmakAmapizAcena, yatyaM tatra punaH punaH / / 152 / / bhakta bhaktasya lokasya, vikRtizcAkhilA api / prAjanma naiva bhokSye'hamamuniyamamagrahIt // 113 / / (prabhAvaka caritra pRSTha 83) Page #653 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI bhAcArya 1 [ 565 kiyA aura use samasyA pUrti hetu bappabhaTTI ke samakSa rkhaa| siddhasArasvata mahAkavi bappabhaTTI ne tatkAla yathAtathyarUpeNa samasyA pUrti kara dii| usa nitarAM nigUDha rahasya ke isa prakAra anAyAsa hI prakaTa ho jAne se prAmarAja marmAhata, stabdha evaM sazaMka ho uThA / pAmarAja kI vikRta mukhAkRti aura vakra evaM sazaMka bhAvabhaMgimA ko dekhakara prAcArya bappabhaTTI tatkAla vahAM se uThakara apane vizrAma-sthala para lauTe aura unhoMne apane saba sAdhunoM ko tatkAla vahAM se vihAra karane kA Adeza diyaa| jAte samaya dvAra ke kapATa para bappabhaTTI ne nimnAMkita zloka likha diyA : yAmaH svasti tavAstu rohaNagiremattaH sthitipracyutA, vatiSyanta ime kathaM kathamiti svapne'pi maivama kRthAH / zrImaste maNayo vayaM yadi bhavallabdhapratiSThAstadA, te zRGgAraparAyaNAH kSitibhujo maulau kariSyanti naH / / 161 / / (prabhAvaka caritra) arthAt-he ratnoM ke utpatti kendra rohaNa girirAja ! hama to jA rahe haiM, tumhArA kalyANa ho| tuma kabhI svapna meM bhI isa prakAra kA vicAra apane mana meM na lAnA ki mere pAzraya se pRthak huA yaha ratna kahAM, kisa dizA meM aura kisa prakAra rahegA? zrIman ! hama Apake ratna haiM, Apase hamane pratiSThA prApta kI hai| prataH zRGgArarasika sabhI mukuTadhara mahipAla hameM tatkAla apane sira para baiThA leNge| tadanantara saMgha evaM pAmarAja ko binA kucha kahe-sune hI AcArya bappabhaTTI ne apane munimaNDala ke sAtha kAnyakubja se vihAra kara diyaa| apratihata vihAra krama se aneka sthAnoM meM vicaraNa karate hue ve gaur3a pradeza kI rAjadhAnI lakSaNAvatI nagarI ke bAhara eka udyAna meM Thahare / gaur3arAja mahArAjA dharma kI rAjasabhA ke vidvaziromariNa prabandha kavi vAkpatirAja ko jaba jJAta huA ki mahAkavi bappabhaTTI nagara ke bAhara eka udyAna meM Aye hue haiM, to vaha bar3A prasanna huaa| vAkpatirAja ne tatkAla mahArAjA dharma kI sevA meM upasthita ho, use prAcArya bappabhaTTI ke Agamana kI sUcanA dete hue nivedana kiyA-"pRthvIpAla ! sAkSAt bRhaspati tulya siddhasArasvata kavi bappabhaTTI hamAre saubhAgya se yahAM Aye haiN|" yaha sunate hI dharma napatti pulakita ho uThA aura bolA--"kavi kulakumudacaMdra jainAcArya bappabhaTTI jisa dina hamAre yahAM pA jAyaM, vaha dina vastutaH hamAre liye parama saubhAgyazAlI hogaa| kevala eka hI bAta vicAraNIya hai ki prAmarAja ke sAtha hamAre sambandha zatrutApUrNa haiN| bappabhaTTI hamAre yahAM raha jAyaM aura AmarAja dvArA bulAye jAne para punaH usake pAsa lauTa jAyaM to, usa avasthA meM hamArA vastutaH lokadRSTi se bar3A tiraskAra hogA, apamAna hogaa| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI bappabhaTTI Page #654 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 596 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa ----bhAga 3 jaise kavIzvara munIzvara ke kAvyAmRtapAna evaM saMsarga kA svariNama avasara hama khonA bhI nahIM caahte| aisI sthiti meM bappabhaTTI se yahAM rahane kI prArthanA ke sAtha hI unheM nivedana kiyA jAya ki AmarAja ke sAdhAraNa AmaMtraNa mAtra para Apa hameM chor3akara na jAyaM / pAmarAja Apako apane yahAM puna: le jAne ke liye dharmanapa ke samakSa yahAM rAjasabhA meM svayaM upasthita hokara kaheM, tabhI Apa kAnyakubja lautteN| anyathA nhiiN|" prabandha kavi vAkapatirAja ne mahAkavi jainAcArya bappabhaTTI kI sevA meM upasthita ho vaMdana-namana ke pazcAt unakI sevA meM gaur3arAja dharma napati kI ora se lakSaNAvatI nagarI meM unheM virAjane kI gaur3arAja ke zabdoM meM hI prArthanA kii| prAcArya bappabhaTTI ne vAkpatirAja dvArA kI gaI rAjA dharma kI prArthanA ko akSarazaH yathAvat rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyaa| yaha sunakara rAjA dharma ke harSa kA pArAvAra na rhaa| vaha unakI sevA meM upasthita hmaa| vandana-namana ke pazcAt mahArAjA dharma ne AcAryazrI se lakSaNAvatI nagarI meM praveza karane kI prArthanA kii| mahArAjA dharma ne bappabhaTTIsUri ko unake yogya samucita sthAna meM tthhraayaa| rAjasabhA ke pArSadoM aura paurajanoM ke sAtha mahArAjA dharma bappabhaTTI ke upadezAmRta kA pAna karatA humA sukhapUrvaka rahane lgaa| prAcAryazrI ke dharmopadeza se gaur3a pradeza meM bhI jinazAsana kA paryApta pracAra-prasAra humaa| udhara dUsare dina prAtaHkAla bappabhaTTIsUri ko na dekha rAjA Ama ne nagara meM, nagara ke bAhara udyAnoM meM khoja karane hetu apane anucara bheje| para ve kahIM nahIM mile / agale dina svayaM rAjA mAma ekAkI hI prAtaH sUryodaya se bahuta pUrva, nagara ke bAhara avasthita udyAnoM kI ora unheM khojane ke lie prasthita haa| eka ke pazcAt eka-eka karake usane sabhI udyAna chAna DAle, para use bappabhaTTIsUri kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hue| pravaziSTa antima udyAna meM usane eka Azcaryajanaka adbhuta dRzya dekhA ki eka kAle sarpa ne nevale ke sAtha lar3ate-lar3ate nevale ko mAra diyA hai| yaha adbhuta dRzya dekhakara pAmarAja ko bar3A vismaya huA / dhyAna se dekhane para prAmarAja ko AbhAsa huA ki nAga ke sira meM maNi hai| nirbhIka AmarAja ne jhapaTakara nAgarAja ke phana ko pakar3A aura usameM se maNi nikAla kara nAga ko chor3a diyaa| usa uccakoTi kI alabhya zreSTha mariNa ko dekhakara pAmarAja ko bar3I prasannatA huii| harSAtirekavazAta prAmarAja ke kaNTha se usake prAMtarika harSodgAra nimnalikhita zlokArddha ke rUpa meM sahasA prakaTa hae :--.. zastraM zAstraM kRSividyA, anyA yo yena jIvati / rAjA Ama ne rAjasabhA meM upasthita ho vidvanmaMDalI ke samakSa isa zlokArddha ko samasyApUrti hetu rkhaa| choTe-bar3e sabhI kaviyoM ne apanI-apanI buddhi ke anusAra Page #655 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 597 samasyApUrti kA praya' kiyA kiMtu samasyApUrti kisI bhI kavi ke dvArA na kiye jAne para pAmarAja bar3A khinna huaa| usake hRdaya meM bappamaTTI kA viyoga zalya ke samAna khaTakane lgaa| usane spaSTataH anubhava kiyA ki bappabhaTTI ke binA na kevala usakI rAjasabhA athavA usakA rAja prAsAda hI apitu usakA jIvana bhI zUnya hI hai| usane bappabhaTTI ko DhUr3hane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| vicAra karate-karate usane antatogatvA eka upAya khoja hI nikaalaa| mAmarAja ne eka paTTa para usa samasyA ko aMkita karavAkara apane rAjya meM ghoSaNA karavA dI ki jo koI bhI vyakti isa samasyA kI pUrti kara degA, use mAmarAja eka lAkha svarNamudrAeM pAritoSika ke rUpa meM pradAna kregaa| dyUtakrIr3A ke durvyasana meM phaMsakara raMka bane eka vipanna vyakti ne isa samasyApUrti ko vipula dhanaprApti kA sAdhana samajha kara, usa samasyA ko eka patra meM likhA aura vaha sthAna-sthAna para bappabhaTTI ko khojatA humA antatogatvA eka dina lakSaNAvatI meM bappabhaTTI kI sevA meM pahuMca hI gyaa| vandana-namana ke manantara usane prAcArya zrI ke samakSa vaha zlokArddha rakhA / sArasvatasiddha bappabhaTTI ne tatkAla nimnalikhita zloka kA uccAraNa karate hue samasyApUrti kara dI : - zastraM zAstraM kRSividyA, anyo yo yena jIvati / sugRhItaM hi kartavyaM, kRSNasarpamukhaM yathA // vaha vyakti lakSaNAvatI se kAnyakubja lauTA aura bhAmarAja kI sevA meM upasthita ho usane pUrA zloka kAnyakubjeza ke sammukha prastuta kiyaa| mAmarAja samucita samasyApUrti se bar3A prasanna huprA / tatkAla usa vyakti ko eka lAkha svarNa mudrAeM pradAna karate hue AmarAja ne pUchA --"bhadra ! vastutaH isa samasyA kI pUrti kisane kI hai ? kyA tuma yaha batA sakate ho?" pUtamyasanI ne uttara meM kahA -"rAjan ! sarasvatI putra bappabhaTTIsUri ne|" "kahAM haiM ve kavikulakumudacandra ?" harSa se aotaprota autsukyapUrNa svara meM mAmarAja ne puuchaa| uttara kI kSaNa bhara bhI pratIkSA na kara pAmarAja ne punaH prazna kiyA "kyA tumane svayaM ne unako dekhA hai ?" dyUtavyasanI ne kahA-'hAM, mahArAja ! maiMne svayaM ne unake darzana kiye haiM / maiMne unake samakSa samasyA rakhI aura unhoMne tatkAla samasyApUrti kara dii| ve gaur3Apipa mahArAja dharma kI rAjasabhA kI zobhA bar3hA rahe haiN|" Page #656 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 568 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 dUsare hI dina pAmarAja ne apane viziSTa pratibhAsampanna amAtya ke sAtha, prAcArya bappabhaTTI kI sevA meM eka patra preSita kiyA, jisameM kSamAyAcanA ke pazcAt antastalasparzI bhAvapUrNa bhASA meM, unheM tatkAla kannauja lauTa pAne kI prArthanA kI gaI thii| dUta atIva drutagati se lakSaNAvatI pahuMcA aura usane bappabhaTTI ke caraNakamaloM meM vaha patra prastuta kiyA / patra ko par3hate hI ve mAnanda-vibhora ho utthe| usa dUta ko, bappabhaTTI ne, dharmarAja ko diye gaye apane vacana kA vivaraNa sunAte hue kahA :-"jaba taka prAmarAja adbhut kauzala se svayaM mahArAjA dharma ke samakSa upasthita ho mujhe apane yahAM punaH le jAne kI bAta na kaha deM taba taka lakSaNAvatI na chor3ane ke liye maiM vacanabaddha hN| ata: pAmarAja se jAkara kaha denA ki ve zIghra hI yahAM AyeM aura hamArI pratijJA ko pUrNa kreN| jisase ki maiM zIghra hI kAnyakubja pA skuu|" bappabhaTTI ne gUDhArthapUrNa chandoM kI racanA kara etadviSayaka apanA sandeza bhI amAtya ke sAtha prAmarAja ke pAsa bhejaa| apane amAtya se prAcArya bappabhaTTI ke maukhika evaM likhita saMdeza ko pAkara mahArAja prAma, bappabhaTTI kI sevA meM upasthita hone ke lie mAtura ho uThA / gaur3eza ke sAtha kAnyakubjeza kI pragAr3ha zatrutA thii| isake uparAnta bhI apane prANAdhika priya AcArya bappabhaTTI ko kannauja lAne ke liye apane prANoM taka ke moha kA parityAgakara mAmarAja pracchanna veSa meM pahale bappabhaTTI kI sevA meM aura tadanantara unake sAtha dharmarAja kI rAjasabhA meM dharmarAja ke samakSa bhI jA upasthita huaa| bappabhaTTI ne anekArthaka gUr3ha evaM adbhuta zleSapUrNa zabdoM meM mahArAjA dharma ko prAmarAja kA paricaya diyaa| prAmarAja ne bhI usI zleSapUrNa nitarAM prati nigUr3ha zailI meM pracchanna rUpa se apanA vAstavika paricaya dete hue bappabhaTTI ko kAnyakubja le jAne ke liye bar3e hI nATakIya DhaMga se rAjA dharma ke samakSa apanI vijJapti prastuta kara dii| ' bhAmarAjo'pyatha zrImAnpracchanna ivAMzumAn / viziSTaH svArthaniSTho'gAt, sa sthagIgharakaMtavAt / / 236 / / mAtmavijJaptikAM dharmarAjasyAdarzayad guruH / prAgamiSyadviyogAgnijvAlAmiva sudda ssahAm / / 240 // vAcayitvA ca tAM pRSTo, dUtaste kI dRzo nRpaH / sa prAhAsya sthagIbhatu stulyo deva prabubhyatAm / / 241 / / [zeSa TippaNI-sambandha 566 para] Page #657 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 566 vaha saba kucha se nATakIya DhaMga aura pradabhata rIti se kiyA gayA thA ki rAjA Ama aura bappabhaTTI ke atirikta kisI anya ko kiMcitmAtra bhI jJAta honA to dUra lavalezamAtra bhI grAbhAsa taka nahIM ho pAyA ki kAnyakubjezvara mahArAjA Ama gaur3arAjyAdhIza mahArAjA dharma ke samakSa svayaM upasthita huaA hai aura usane prAcArya bappabhaTTI ko kAnyakubja le jAne ke sambandha meM mahArAjA dharma ko apanI vijJapti prastuta kara dI hai| / dUsare dina prAtaHkAla AcArya bappabhaTTI ne dharmarAja se jAkara kahA"rAjan ! aba maiM kannauja jAne ke liye samudyata huuN|" rAjA dharma ne sAzcarya prAcAryazrI kI ora dekhate hue kahA-"bhagavan ! jaba taka pAmarAja svayaM mere sammukha upasthita hokara Apako kAnyakubja le jAne ke liye mujhe na kaheM taba taka Apa vahAM na jAne ke liye vacana de cuke haiN| kyA Apa apanA vaha vacana pUrA hue binA hI jA rahe haiM ?" AcArya bappabhaTTI ne kahA--"rAjan ! svayaM prAmarAja ne kala rAjyasabhA meM Apake samakSa upasthita ho mujhe kannauja le jAne ke sambandha meM prApakoM vijJapti prastuta kI thii| kala jo dUta Apake samakSa rAjasabhA meM upasthita huyA thA, vaha pAmarAja hI to thA / usane mujhe kAnyakubja le jAne ke liye (zeSa 568 kA TippaNI-sambandha) mAtuliMga kare vibhrat saMSa pRSTazca sUriNA / kare te kiM sacAvAdId 'bIjaurA' iti sphuTam // 242 / / (dUsarA rAjA athavA uttara se) dUtena cADhakIpatre, dazite gururAha saH / sthagIdharaM puraskRtya 'tUparipatta' mityayam / / 243 // (tavAripatram-terA zatru) prathobAca pradhAnazca, sUrireSa shlthaadrH| asmAsviti pratijJAM ya, dustarAM vidadhe dhra vam // 245 / / vihite'trApi cetpUjya, prAyAti prAjya puNyataH / asmAbhiH saha taddevAH pratuSTA no vicAryatAm // 246 / / tattI sImalI melAvA kehA, gharaNa uttAvalI priya bhanda siraNehA / virahihiM mANusu jaM marai tasu kadaraNa nihorA, kaMni pavittaDI jaNu jANai dorA / / 247 / / (dorA-dorA-cau rAjAnI) (prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 86) Page #658 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 600 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vihitetrApi cetpUjya prAyAti prAjyapuNyataH / asmAbhiH saha taddevA, pratuSTA no vicAryatAm / / isa rUpa meM prApase nivedana bhI kiyA thA, vijJapti bhI kI thii|" dharmarAja ke mukha se sahasA isa rUpa meM zokodgAra prakaTa hue-"bhagavan ! maiM kitanA mUr3ha hUM ki ghara pAye hue zatru kA na to svAgata hI kara sakA aura na use sAdha hI sakA / ina donoM meM se kisI eka bhI vidhi se cirasaMcita vaira kA badalA na cukA skaa| prastu, prabamApakA viyoga kisa prakAra sahana kiyA jA sakegA, isa vicAra se mana udvigna ho rahA hai, khinna ho rahA hai|" prAcArya bappabhaTTI ne mahArAjA dharma ko 'saMyogA hi viyogAntAH' mAdi sAntvanApradAyinI tabhyoktiyoM evaM sUktiyoM se samajhA-bujhA kara evaM pAzvasta kara lakSaNAvatI se vihAra kiyaa| gaura rAjya kI sImA ke bAhara pAmarAja ne unakA svAgata kiyA aura ve saba sAtha-sAtha punaH kannauja lauTe / pAmarAja ne bar3e hI harSollAsa evaM apUrva mahotsava ke sAtha prAcArya bappabhaTTI kA kannauja meM nagara-praveza krvaayaa| tadanantara bappabhaTTI kAnyakubja meM bhamyoM ko dharmopadeza dete hue-jinazAsana kA cahuMmukhI pracAra-prasAra evaM vikAsa karate hue sva-para kalyANa meM nirata rahane lge| kAlAntara meM eka dina eka saMdezavAhaka ne bappabhaTTI kI sevA meM upasthita ho unheM unake guru sibasena kA saMdeza diyaa| usa saMdeza meM prAcArya sikhasena me likhA thA :-- "vatsa ! merI dehayaSTi jarA se jarjarita aura aMga-pratyaMga zithila ho gaye haiN| netroM kI jyoti kSINaprAyA ho cukane ke kAraNa saba kucha praspaSTa aura dhuMdhalA dikhAI detA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kucha hI dinoM ke prAhuNaka prANa tumhAre mukhakamala ko dekhane kI ekamAtra utkaTa abhilASA ke bala para hI zarIra meM ruke hue haiN| yadi tumhAre mana meM merA mukha dekhane kI icchA ho to zIghratApUrvaka yahAM mA jaamo|" apane guru ke isa sandeza ke prApta hote hI bappabhaTTI ne tatkAla kannauja se moDherA kI bhora vihAra kiyaa| mAmarAja bar3I dUrI taka unheM pahuMcAne pAyA aura vidA karate samaya usane apane vizvasta. adhikAriyoM evaM sevakoM ko apane guru ke sAtha bhejaa| upa vihArakrama se bappabhaTTIsUri zIghra hI moDherA prAma meM apane guru kI mevA meM upasthita hae / apane mahAn prabhAvaka ziSya ko dekhakara mAcArya sirasena Page #659 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIrasamvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 601 parama pramudita hue| saMgha kA kAryabhAra bappabhaTTI ko samhalA kara unhoMne AlocanApUrvaka anazana kiyA aura samAdhipUrvaka ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA karate hue paraloka-gamana kiyaa| ___apane ArAdhya gurudeva prAcArya siddhasena ke svargavAsa ke anantara bappabhaTTI ne moDherA grAma meM rahate hue saMgha kI samucita rUpa se vyavasthA kI aura kucha samaya pazcAt apane mor3ha gaccha aura saMgha kA kAryabhAra govindasUri evaM nannasUri ko samhalA kara unhoMne pAmarAja ke pradhAnoM ke sAtha kAnyakubja kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| katipaya dinoM ke pazcAt ve punaH kAnyakubja phuNce| vahAM kaI varSoM taka dharmopadeza dete hue ve vahAM rAjA aura prajAjanoM kI dharmapatha para pArUr3ha kara unheM upakRta karate rhe| kAlAntara meM eka dina gaur3arAja mahArAjA dharma ne pAmarAja ke pAsa apanA dUta bhejakara eka prastAva rakhA ki bauddha mahAvAdI varddhanakunjara unake yahAM lakSaNAvatI meM AyA huA hai aura vaha zAstrArtha ke lie deza videza ke sabhI vAdI-prativAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha ke liye cunautI de rahA hai| kintu usake sAtha zAstrArtha karane kA koI bhI vAdI sAhasa nahIM kara rahA hai / aisI dazA meM bappabhaTTI aura bauddha mahAvAdI varddhana kunjara ke bIca zAstrArtha karavAyA jAya / prAmarAja ne isa paNa ke sAtha zAstrArtha kI cunautI ko svIkAra kara liyA ki jisakA vAdI hAra jAyegA, vaha rAjA apanA sampUrNa rAjya vijayI vAdI ke pakSadhara rAjAko samapita kara degaa| dharmarAja dvArA isa paNa ke svIkAra kara liye jAne para donoM rAjyoM kI sImA para bauddha mahAvAdI varddhanakunjara ke sAtha prAcArya bappabhaTTI kA zAstrArtha prArambha huA / jaya parAjaya ke kisI prakAra ke nirNaya ke binA una donoM vidvAnoM ke bIca zAstrArtha nirantara 6 mAsa taka calatA rhaa| __ anta meM usa saugata ne bappabhaTTI ko mahAmahima mahAvAdI batAte hue unakI vijaya svIkAra kara lii| pIThAsIna nirNAyakoM ne zAstrArtha kA nirNaya sunAte hue jainAcArya bappabhaTTI ko vijayI aura saugata vAdI varddhanakunjara ko pUrNataH parAjita ghoSita kiyaa| zAstrArtha ke isa nirNaya ke bAda prAmarAja ne pUrvakRta paNa ke anusAra dharmarAja se apanA sampUrNa rAjya samarpita karane ko khaa| mahArAjA dharma tatkSaNa apanA sampUrNa gaur3a rAjya kAnyakubjezvara ko samarpita karane ke lie vidhivat samudyata ho gyaa| kintu bappabhaTTI ke anurodha para dharmarAja kA rAjya yathAvat dharmarAja prAyatta hI rakhanA AmarAja ne svIkAra kara liyaa| isake pariNAma svarUpa una do Page #660 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 602 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ....rane rAjyoM kI pAramparika zatrutA samApta huii| AmarAja tathA dharmarAja donoM hI pArasparika maitrIbhAva ke sUtra meM baMdha gye| prAcArya bappabhaTTI ne usa bauddha prAcArya varddhanakunjara ko bar3e prema se gale lagAyA aura use jaina siddhAntoM ke gUr3ha rahasyoM kA bodha de use bAraha vratadhArI zrAvaka bnaayaa| varddhanakunjara ko sabhI prakAra kI parIkSAeM lene ke pazcAt dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki susuptyavasthA ho athavA jAgRta avasthA-sadA sarasvatI bappabhaTTI ke kaNTha meM virAjamAna rahatI hai| samyagdRSTi bAraha vratadhArI zrAvaka banane ke pazcAt vaha varddhanakunjara bar3I zraddhAbhakti se bappabhaTTI ko namaskAra kara apane abhISTa sthAna para calA gyaa| grAmarAja aura dharmarAja bhI bar3e prema-pUrvaka eka dUsare kA abhivAdana kara apane-apane sthAna kI ora prasthita hue| kAlAntara meM prAmarAja aura dharmarAja ke bIca purAnI zatratA punaH ugrarUpa dhAraNa karane lgii| yazovarmA ke putra prAmarAja ne vizAla senA ke sAtha gaur3a rAjya para AkramaNa kiyaa| donoM ora se bhISaNa yuddha huaa| dharmarAja raNaMgaNa meM hI AmarAja dvArA yamaghAma ko pahuMcA diyA gyaa| dharmarAja kA sAmanta prabandha kavi vAkpati rAja mahArAja Ama ke senApati dvArA bandI banA liyA gyaa| AmarAja kI yuddha meM vijaya huI aura usane sampUrNa gaur3a rAjya para apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara liyaa| prabandhakavi vAkpatirAja ne kAnyakubjezvara ke sainika kArAgAra meM rahate hue "gaur3avaho" nAmaka eka zreSTha kAvya kI racanA kii| usase . AmarAja usa para bar3A prasanna huA aura vAkpatirAja ko kArAgAra se mukta kara use apanI rAjyasabhA kA sadasya banA liyaa| rAjakavi ke rUpa meM rahate hue vAkpatirAja ne AmarAja kI yazogAthAoM ke aneka camatkArapUrNa zloka banAye aura 'mahumahavijaya' nAmaka eka, grantharatna kI bhI racanA kI / pAmarAja ne prasanna ho prativarSa do lAkha svarNa mudrAmoM kI Aya kI jAgIra vAkpatirAja ko pradAna kii| rAjA Ama nyAyanItipUrvaka prajA kA pAlana aura AcArya bappabhaTTI ke upadezAnusAra aneka prabhAvanApUrNa kAryoM se saddharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane lagA / idhara vAkpatirAja ko saMsAra se pUrNarUpeNa virakti ho cukI thii| ve AmarAja se anumati le mathurA cale gaye aura vahAM sanyAsa grahaNa kara apane iSTa kI upAsanA karane lge| kAlAMtara meM eka dina dharmopadeza dete samaya bappabhaTTI ne vibhinna varmoM ke sambandha meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vivaraNa prastuta karate hue kahA ki vizva ke samasta dharmoM meM jainadharma navanIta ke samAna sArabhUta aura uttama hai| unhoMne rAjA Ama Page #661 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 603 ko parAmarza dete hue kahA-"parIkSApUrvaka tuma jaina dharma ko vidhivat aGgIkAra kara lo|" AmarAja ne kahA- "mahAtman ! yoM to maiM pUrI parIkSA ke pazcAt jaina dharma ko ho mAnatA hUM kintu merA mana zavadharma meM anurakta hai| mujhe Apa anya aura kisI bhI kArya ke liye kaha dIjiye parantu mere paitRka dharma zavadharma ko chor3ane ke liye kRpA kara na kahiye aura Apa roSa na mAneM to eka bAta kahUM ?" "hAM, hAM rAjan ! avazya kho|" ISat parihAsa kI mudrA meM grAmarAja ne kahA-"bhagavan ! mathurA ke varAha mandira meM vAkpatirAja saMnyasta ho gale meM yajJopavIta evaM rudrAkSa kI mAlAeM dhAraNa kiye, hAtha meM tulasI kI mAlA liye saMnyAsiyoM tathA rAsagAna-rasika kRSNa bhaktoM kI bhIr3a se ghirA humA purANa puruSottama parabrahma kI nAsAgra dRSTi kiye ekAgracitta se prArAdhanA kara rahA hai / use Apa jaina dharma aGgIkAra karavA diijiye|" rAjA Ama kI bAta suna kara bappabhaTTI tatkAla mathurA jAne ke liye udyata ho gaye / kAlAMtara meM ve mathurA phuNce| ve varAha mandira meM gye| vahAM unhoMne dekhA ki pAmarAja dvArA batAI gaI avasthA meM hI saMnyAsI kA veSa, rudrAkSa kI mAlAeM, yajJopavIta Adi dhAraNa kiye vAkpatirAja tulasI mAlA hAtha meM liye dhyAnastha ho pArabrahma paramezvaraprayo kI mArAdhanA kara rahe haiN| vAkpatirAja ke citta kI ekAgratA kI parIkSA hetu bappabhaTTo ne nimnalikhita zlokoM kA sasvara pATha prArambha kiyA : "rAmo nAma babhUva huM tadabalA sIteti huM tAM pitu, vAMcA paJcavaTIvane vicaratastAmAharad rAvaNaH / nidrArthaM jananIkathAmiti harehuMkAriNaH zRNvataH, saumitreya dhanurdhanurdhanuriti vyaktA giraH pAntu vaH / / 572 / / darpaNArpitamAlokya mAyAstrIrUpamAtmanaH / mAtmanyevAnurakto vaH, zriyam dizatu kezavaH / / 573 / / uttiSThantyA ratAnte bharamuragapatI pANinekene kRtvA, dhRtvA cAnyena vAso vigalitakabarIbhAramaMsaM vahatyAH / sadyastatkAyakAtidviguNitasuratatrItinA zauriNAvaH, zayyAmAliMgya nItaM vapuralasalasadvAha lakSmyAH punAtu / / 574 / / sandhyAM yatpraNipatya lokapurato baddhAMjaliryAcate, vatse yattvaparA vilajja zirasA taccApi soDaM mayA / zrIrjAtAmRtamanthane yadi hareH kasmAd viSaM bhakSitam, mA strIlapaTa ! mAM spRzetyabhihito gauryAH haraH pAtu vaH / / 575 / / Page #662 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 604 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 yadamoghamapAmanruptam bIjabhaja tvayA / pratazcarAcaraM vizvaM prabhavastasya gIyase // 576 / / kulaM pavitra jananI kRtArthA, vasuMdharA puNyavatI tvayaiva / prabAhyasaMvitsukhasiMdhumagnaM, lagnaM pare brahmaNi yasya cittaM / / 577 // ina zlokoM ko sunate hI vAkpati ne kahA-"sakhe ! tumhAre ye zloka bar3e prazaMsanIya haiM, para kyA yahI velA milI hai tumheM ina rasakAvyoM ko sunAne kI, kyA yahI hai ApakA mere sAtha maitrI sambandha ? kyA yaha sava kucha bappabhaTTI jaise mahAn AcArya ke mukha se zobhA detA hai ? sakhe ! yaha isa prakAra ke rasakAvyoM ko sunAne kI nahIM apitu mujhe bodhabharI pAramArthika vANI sunAne kI velA hai|" prAcArya bappabhaTTI ne unheM sAntvanA dete hue kahA-"dhanya hai ApakI citta kI ekAgratA, hama isa prakAra kI citta kI ekAgratA kI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA karate haiM / kintu mere parama mitra! Apase kucha pUchanA hai| Apake samakSa abhI maiMne brahmA, viSNu aura maheza-ina tInoM devoM kA svarUpa batAyA, vaha satya hai athavA asatya ? yadi satya hai to Apa ruSTa kyoM ho gaye ? yadi Apa kahate ho ki una tInoM devoM kA jo svarUpa maiMne batAyA vaha asatya hai to vaha asatya ho hI nahIM sktaa| una tInoM kA yaha svarUpa nigamAgamAdi vAMgmaya se pratyakSa hai / pratyakSa meM to saMdeha ke liye kiMcitmAtra bhI avakAza nhiiN| aba Apa yaha batAiye ki Apa jo yaha sAdhanA kara rahe haiM, vaha rAjyAdi sAMsArika sukhoM kI prApti kI icchA se kara rahe haiM athavA paramArtha mokSa kI avApti ke liye ? yadi aihika sukhopabhogoM ke liye ArAdhanA kara rahe haiM to ve to devI, deva, rAjA, mahArAjAoM Adi kI ArAdhanA se hI prApta ho jaayeNge| para yadi paramArtha-akSaya, avyAbAdha, zAzvata sukhadhAma mokSa kI prApti ke liye Apa sAdhanA kara rahe haiM to zAMta citta ho isa sArabhUta tattva kA vicAra karo ki ye tInoM deva jo svayaM hI sAMsArika kAma-bhogAdi upAdhiyoM-prapaMcoM meM phaMse hae haiM, ve tumheM mukti pradAna kara sakeMge? isameM merA kiMcitmAtra bhI koI mAtsaryabhAva nahIM hai, Apa svayaM isa sambandha meM saba kucha jAnate haiN|" bappabhaTTI ke mukha se sArabhUta tAtvika bAta sunate hI vAkpatirAja kA vyAmoha dUra huaa| unakI bhrAnti tirohita ho gii| unhoMne bappabhaTTI ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue kahA-"yaha mere pUrva puNyodaya kA hI phala hai ki Apa mere prAdhyAtmika jIvana kI nirNAyaka ghar3I meM mujhe mukti kA saccA mArga dikhAne yahAM Aye haiN| kRpA kara Apa mujhe tatvajJAna pradAna kiijiye|" AcArya zrI bappabhaTTI ne vAkpatirAja ko jainadharma ke sArabhUta mUla siddhAntoM kA bodha pradAna karate hue kahA-"trilokapUjya vItarAga sarvajJa-sarvadarzI tIrthaMkaroM ne Page #663 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 605 utpAda-vyaya evaM dhrauvya-ina tIna guNoM se yukta kintu trikAlavartI zAzvata SaDdravyoM, SaDjIvanikAya, paMca astikAya, jIva, lezyA, 12 vrata, paMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, tIna gupti, caurAsI lAkha jIvayoni, aura samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana evaM samyagcAritra rUpI ratnatrayI kA upadeza diyA hai| usako yathAtathya rUpa se samajhakara hRdayaMgama karanA, usa para aTUTa AsthA rakhanA aura usI upadeza ke anusAra AcaraNa karanA, yahI vastutaH samasta karmAvaraNa evaM duHkhoM se mukti dilAne vAlA evaM akSaya-pravyAbASa zAzvata sukha pradAna karane vAlA mokSamArga hai| jo buddhimAna prANI isa prakAra kI vItarAga vANI ko hRdayaMgama kara usa para avicala zraddhA rakhatA huA vItarAga vANI ke anusAra AcaraNa karatA hai, vahI samyagdRSTi hai|" "rAga-dveSa ke pUrNa vijetA sarvajJa-sarvadarzI vItarAga prabhU hI sacce prArAdhya deva haiM / paMca mahAvratadhArI, pAMcoM indriyoM aura mana kA nigraha karane vAle, pAMcoM indriyoM ke pAMcoM viSayoM se pUrNataH virakta, pAMca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM ke dhAraka, prAgama jJAna se sampanna, bhavya jIvoM ko paramArtha kA pratibodha karAne vAle, bayAlIsa doSa rahita vizuddha AhAra grahaNa karane vAle, SaDjIva nikAya ko sadA abhayadAna dene vAle aura mada-mAtsarya vihIna hI sacce guru haiM / aise nissaMga, niSparigrahI, nirArambhI aura paropakAravatI guru hI vastutaH bhavya janoM ko saMsAra sAgara se pAra utArane meM samartha aura mokSa kA zAzvata sukha sAmrAjya pradAna karAne meM sakSama hote haiN| jisa prakAra zarIra athavA vastra' para lage kIcar3a ko yadi kIcar3a se hI ghoyA jAya to vaha sApha zuddha hone ke sthAna para aura adhika gandA hogA, usI prakAra sarAgI deva prazvA guru kI upAsanA se mukti prApta nahIM ho sakatI / isake viparIta sarAgI deva guru kI upAsanA karane vAle ko aura adhikAdhika sudIrgha kAla taka bhavabhramaNa karanA hogA, bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM bhaTakanA pdd'egaa|" bappabhaTTI ke isa ghaTa ke paTa udghATita kara dene vAle sarvasaMzayocchedI evaM antastala sparzI upadeza se vAkyapatirAja ke antastala meM vyApta prajJAnAndhakAra naSTa ho gyaa| unhoMne kRtajJatAbharI dRSTi se bappabhaTTI kI bhora nihArate hue prazna kiyA- "bhagavan ! Apane jo dharma kA, mukti kA rahasya batAyA usase merI sabhI prakAra kI bhrAntiyAM dUra ho gaI haiN| kintu eka saMdeha abhI taka bhI mere mana meM ghara kiyA humA hai ki yadi ananta prANI isa manuSya loka se mokSa meM cale jAyeMge to antatogatvA eka na eka dina manuSya loka prANiyoM se pUrNata: rikta ho jAyagA maura mokSa meM bhI pUrNarUpeNa usake siddha jIvoM se khacAkhaca vyApta ho jAne ke bAda kiMcitmAtra bhI sthAna nahIM rahegA, usa dazA meM kyA hogA?" prAcArya bappabhaTTI ne kahA-"vAkpatirAja! na to kabhI mAnavaloka prANiyoM se rikta hogA aura na mokSa kabhI muktAtmAmoM se bharegA hii| saMsAra meM sahasroM nadiyAM bahatI haiM aura pranAdi kAla se pratidina kitanI pRthvI ko pratipala reNa ke rUpa meM bahA-bahA kara samudra meM DAlatI mA rahI hai| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI na to abhI Page #664 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 606 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 taka pRthvI hI naSTa huI hai aura na samudra hI pRthvI banA hai| basa, yahI eka pratyakSa STAMta paryApta hai tumhArI zaMkA ke nivAraNa ke liye / " pUrNa zrAtmasaMtoSa kI anubhUti evaM harSAtireka se vAkpatirAja kI romAvalI aMcita ho uThI / usane harSagadgadsvara meM kahA - "bhagavan! ApakI kRpA se prAja muke vAstavika tatvabodha huA hai, mAja mere prantarcakSu unmIlita hue haiN| maiMne itanA amUlya samaya mohalIlA aura bhrAntiyoM ke vazIbhUta ho vyartha hI kho diyA / aba mujhe mArga-darzana kIjiye ki maiM bhavabhramaraNa ke mUla kAraNa karmabandhanoM ko kATane ke liye sAnA mArga para kisa prakAra agrasara ho zIghrAtizIghra zAzvata zivadhAma mokSa kA kiArI banU N / bhagavan ! sarvaprathama mujhe zramaraNadharma kI dIkSA dIjiye / " bappabhaTTI ne vAkpatirAja ko vidhivat zramaNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna kI / zramaNa dharma aMgIkAra karane ke pazcAt vAkpati rAja vizuddha saMyama kI paripAlanA ke sAtha-sAtha paMca parameSTi kI prArAdhanA karate hue karmamala ko naSTa karane meM tatpara hue| muni vAkpatirAja ne samasta pApoM kI AlocanA kara anazana vrata aMgIkAra kiyA aura 16 dina taka nirantara bhrAtma vizuddhi karate hue svargArohaNa kiyA / muni vAkpatirAja ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt prAcArya bappabhaTTI kucha dinoM taka gokula meM rhe| vahAM unhoMne bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI stuti karate hue "zAntikara sarvabhayaharaNastotra" kI racanA kI, jo bhAja bhI zraddhAlu sAdhakoM meM bar3A lokapriya hai / tadanantara gokula se vihAra kara bappabhaTTI punaH kAnyakubja lauTe / grAmarAja ne unakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue kahA - "prAcAryadeva ! prApakI vAraNI meM pramogha zakti hai / vAkpatirAja jaise uccakoTi ke vidvAn ko bhI Apane jaina banAkara zramaraNa dharma meM dIkSita kara liyA / " bappabhaTTI ne kahA - "rAjan ! maiM prapanI vAraNI kI zakti to taba pramoSa samajha jaba ki tuma prabuddha ho jaina dharma svIkAra karo / " isa para grAmarAja ne kahA- "bhagavan ! vastuta: maiM jainadharma se pUrNarUpeNa prabhAvita huA hUM kintu pUrva janma ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa mujhe zaivadharma bar3A priya hai ataH maiM isakA parityAga nahIM kara sakatA / " bappabhaTTI ne kahA- "rAjan pUrva janma meM tumane ajJAna tapa karate hue ghora kaSTa sahana kiyA / usake phalasvarUpa tumheM yaha rAjya milA hai|" yaha sunate hI sabhI sabhAsadoM ko bar3A prAzcarya huA aura unhoMne rAjA grAma ke pUrvajanma kA vivaraNa batAne ke liye bappabhaTTI se anurodhabharI prArthanA kI / Page #665 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 607 - prazna cUr3AmaNizAstra ke apane talaspazI jJAna ke bala para bappabhaTTI ne rAjA Ama kA pUrvajanma batAte hue kahA--"rAjana ! isase pUrva bhava meM tuma sanyAsI the| kAliMjara parvata kI upatyakA meM zAlmalI vRkSa kI zAkhA para apane donoM pairoM ko bAMdhakara paira Upara kI ora tathA sira ko nIce kI ora laTakAye hue tumane 100 varSa taka tapazcaraNa kiyA thaa| usa avasthA meM do dina taka nirAhAra rahane ke pazcAt tuma thor3A-thor3A AhAra grahaNa karate the| Ayu pUrNa hone para tumane usa zarIra ko usI vRkSa kI zAkhA para laTakatA huA chor3a yahAM janma grahaNa kiyA aura tuma rAjA bane / yadi mere isa kathana para tumheM vizvAsa na ho to rAjapuruSoM ko bhejakara apanI vaha jaTA maMgavA lo|" ___saba ko bar3A kautUhala huA / tatkAla drutagAmI azvArohiyoM ko kAliMjara giri kI upatyakA ke usa nirdiSTa sthAna para bhejA gyaa| vahAM jA kara rAjapuruSoM ne bappabhaTTI dvArA nirdiSTa sthAna para vRkSa kI eka zAkhA para laTakate hue narakaMkAla (asthipaJjara) aura TahaniyoM meM ulajhI huI jaTA ko dekhA / bar3I sAvadhAnI se unhoMne ulajhI laToM ko sulajhA kara usa jaTA ko ekatrita kiyA aura use lekara ve kAnyakubja lautte| jaTA ko dekhate hI rAjA, rAjasabhA ke sadasya aura samasta rAjaparivAra AzcaryAbhibhUta ho bappabhaTTI ke divya jJAna kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA karane lge| kAlAMtara meM bhAmarAja ne apanI vizAla caturaMgiNI senA le rAjagiri rAjya para AkramaNa kiyaa| bhISaNa narasaMhArakArI yuddha ke anantara mAmarAja kI, zastrAstroM se susajjita zaktizAlinI senA ke samakSa apanI sainika zakti ko aparyApta samajhakara dina bhara yuddha karane ke pazcAt rAtri meM apanI senA ke sAtha rAja giri ke rAjA ne apane suvizAla sudRr3ha durga kI zaraNa lii| prAtaHkAla zatru senA ko sanmukha na pAkara mAmarAja ne rAjagiri ke durga ko cAroM ora se ghera lene kA prAdeza diyaa| tatkSaNa prAmarAja kI senA dvArA rAjagiri ke durga ko ghera liyA gyaa| mAmarAja kI senA cAroM ora se eka sAtha durga kI pora bar3hI kintu rAjagiri ke adhipati samudrasena kI senA ne pAmarAja kI senA ko durga kI ora bar3hane se roka diyaa| vaha durga lohe ke samAna sudRr3ha thaa| rAjA prAma ne zAma, dAma, daNDa, bheda mAdi sabhI nItiyoM kA pravalambana le usa durga ko tor3ane ke jitane upAya sambhava ho sakate the ve sabhI kiye| durga para adhikAra karane ke liye chidrAnveSaNa bhI kiyA gayA kintu kisI bhI upAya se vaha usa durga ko tor3ane meM saphala nahIM ho skaa| prAmarAja vastutaH haThI paura bAta kA dhanI thaa| usane durga para adhikAra karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara liyA thaa| durga ko tor3ane kA koI upAya dRSTigata na hone para usane bappabhaTTI se prazna kiyA-"bhagavan ! yaha zailAdhirAja tulya durgama durga kaba aura kaise jItA jA sakegA?" Page #666 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 608 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 prazna cUr3AmaNi, zAstra ke dvArA kisI bhI prazna kA samucita uttara prApta karane kI vidhi se acchI taraha bhijJa bappabhaTTI ne kahA- "rAjan ! pApakA bhoja nAmaka pautra isa durga para adhikAra kregaa|" / rAjagiri durga para binA adhikAra kiye hI lauTa jAne meM prAmarAja ne apanA apamAna samajhA aura vaha usa durga ke cAroM pora gherA DAla kara iTA rhaa| isI sthiti meM bAraha varSa vyatIta ho jAne para yuvarAja dunduka kI yuvarAjJI ne eka putra ko . janma diyaa| AmarAja ke AdezAnusAra janma grahaNa karate hI usa zizu ko pAlane meM sulAkara pradhAnoM dvArA rAjA mAma ke pAsa lAyA gyaa| usa bAlaka kA mukha durga ke zikhara kI bhora kara zikhara ko usake raSTipatha meM lAyA gayA aura usI kSaraNa durga para goloM kI varSA kI gii| idhara yaha kiyA gayA aura upara bijalI kI pharaka ke samAna ghora garjana karatA humA durga kA prAkAra pRthvI para mA giraa| . sakUTamba rAjA samudrasena guptadvAra se nikala kara kisI ajJAta sthAna kI pora calA gyaa| mAmarAja ne usI samaya apanI senA ke sAtha durga meM praveza kara usa para apanA adhikAra kara liyaa| mAmarAja ko usa samaya kisI pradRSTa zakti se jJAta ho gayA ki chaH mAsa pazcAt mAgadhatIrtha kI yAtrA hetu nAva se gaMgA pAra karate samaya magaTor3A nAmaka grAma ke pAsa usakI mRtyu ho jaayegii| rAjagiri se prayANa kara rAjA mAma bappabhaTTI ke sAtha aneka tIyoM kI yAtrA karatA humA kAnyakubja phuNcaa| apane putra duduka ko kAnyakubja ke rAjasiMhAsana para mAsIna kara mAmarAja apane guru bappabhaTTI ke sAtha mAgama tIrSa kI yAtrA ke liye prasthita humA / jisa samaya rAjA mAma prAcArya bappanaTThI ke sAtha nAva meM baiTha kara gaMgA pAra kara rahA thA usa samaya bappabhaTTI aura mAmarAja ne dekhA ki nAva ke pAsa jala meM dhuMmA uTha rahA hai| jala meM uThate huye dhUma ko dekha kara bappabhaTTI ne pAmarAja se kahA"rAjan ! tumhArA antima samaya sannikaTa hai, yaha dekho magaToA prAma bhA gayA hai| aba mantima samaya meM hI sahI, tuma jaina dharma aMgIkAra kara lo|" rAjA mAma ne usI samaya bappamaTTI se vidhivat jaina dharma aMgIkAra kara sarvatra sarvadarzI bhagavAn vItarAga prabhu kI zaraNa grahaNa kii| prAcArya bappabhaTTI ne mAma rAvA se kahA-"abhI merI pAMca 4 prAyu pravaziSTa hai|" For Private Personal Use Only : wwwvarelibrary.org Page #667 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 606 rAjA Ama ne bappabhaTTI ke mukhAravinda se paMcaparameSTi namaskAra mantra kA zravaNa karate hue magaTor3A grAma ke pAsa gaMgA ke jala meM vikrama saM0 560 kI bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI, zukravAra citrA nakSatra meM dina ke antima prahara meM apanI ihalIlA samApta kii| bappabhaTTI kAnyakubja lauTe aura rAjA prAma dvArA pUrva meM unake liye niyata bhavana meM rahane lge|' rAjasaMsarga kA duSpariNAma prAcArya bappabhaTTI jIvana bhara rAjaguru ke rUpa meM rAjA Ama ke nikaTa samparka meM rahe / isake bhaneka supariNAma bhI hue| prathama to yaha ki jainasamAja ko rAjyAdhaya prApta rahA / rAjamAnya dharma hone ke kAraNa jainadharma kA lokapravAha kI badalI huI paristhitiyoM meM bhI varcasva rhaa| bappabhaTTI ke upadeza evaM parAmarza se aneka loka kalyANakArI kAryoM ke sAtha-sAtha jainadharma kI prabhAvanA evaM pracAra prasAra ke kArya bhI rAjA tathA prajA donoM ke dvArA kiye gaye / bappabhaTTI ke rAjasaMsarga se jaina samAja kI zakti aura pratiSThA meM ullekhanIya abhivaddhi hii| bappabhaTTI ke rAjasaMsarga se ye saba supariNAma to hue| kintu eka sarvArambha parityAgI, brahmacArI, paMca mahAvratadhArI, nissaMga, alaukika mahAn pratibhAzAlI zramaNazreSTha hote hue bhI nirantara rAjasaMsarga meM rahane athavA rAjA ke sannikaTa sahavAsa meM rahane para AgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana kisa sImA taka kara pAtA hai, isa tathya para yadi niSpakSa dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to bar3I nirAzA hotI hai / chatra, cAmara, siMhAsana, hastI, pAlakI Adi vAhanoM kA upayoga, niyata nivAsa, AdhAkarmI mAhAra Adi jina bAtoM ke sevana kA zAstroM meM zramaNa ke liye kar3A niSedha hai, jinake sevana se zramaNa dharma ke khaNDita hone kA zAstroM meM spaSTa ullekha hai, nirantara rAjasaMsarga meM, rAjasannidhi meM rahA hamrA koI bhI zramaNa, cAhe vaha kitanA hI uccakoTi kA vidvAn athavA alaukika pratibhA kA dhanI zramaraNottama hI kyoM na ho, usake liye bhI zAstroM dvArA niSiddha una cAmarAdi ke sevana se zramaNa dharma kI skhalanA se evaM usake ullaMghana se baca pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| anyAnya vidvAn prAcAryoM dvArA likhI gaI kRtiyoM meM tathA AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA prabhAvaka caritra meM bappabhaTTI ke jIvana kI ghaTanAmoM ke jo vivaraNa ullikhita haiM, unake prAdhAra para spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki prAcArya bappabhaTTI bhI - ' mA bhUt saMvatsaro'sau vasuzatanavatermA ca RkSeSu citrA, dhigmAsaM taM namasyaM kSayamapi sa khalaH zuklapakSo'pi yAtu / saMkrAntiryA pa siMhe vizatu hutabhuja paMcamI yA tu zuke, gaMgAtoyAgnimadhye tridivamupagato yatra nAgAvalokaH / / 724 / / (prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 106) Page #668 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 610 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 jinazAsana - mahAprabhAvaka prAcArya siddhasena kI hI bhAMti nirantara sudIrgha kAla taka zramarAja ke saMsarga meM, sannikaTa sannidhi meM rahane ke kAraNa zramaraNadharma kI mUla maryAdA ke ullaMghana ke apavAda na raha sake / jIvana bhara rAja parivAra ke atyadhika sanikaTa rahane ke phalasvarUpa apane jIvana ke antima samaya meM, jabaki ve 60 varSa kI zrAyu ko pAra kara 65 varSa kI Ayu ke Asa- pAsa pahuMca rahe the, prAcArya bappabhaTTI ko rAjasaMsarga ke duSpariNAma ke rUpa meM antardvandva evaM mAnasika azAnti meM ulajhanA par3A / unako antadvandva aura mAnasika azAnti kA anubhava apane. sudIrghakAlIna ghaniSTha rAjasaMsarga ke kAraNa hI huA / rAjA dunduka bar3A hI niSkriya, durAcArI aura krUra nikalA / durAcAra meM par3akara vaha apane mahA tejasvI aura honahAra putra bhoja taka ko akAla meM hI kAla kA kavala banAne kA SaDayantra karane lagA / rAjarAnI ko jaba isa SaDyantra kA patA calA to gupta rUpa se saMdeza bhejakara apane bhAI -- pATalIputra ke rAjakumAra ko kAnyakubja bulavAyA aura eka atyAvazyaka kArya ke byAja se vaha apane bhAI ke sAtha apane pitRgRha pATalIputra kI prora prasthita huI / rAjakumAra bhoja ne suputra hone ke nAte apane pitA mahArAjA dunduka kI prAjJA lenA Avazyaka samajhA aura vaha rAjA ke rAjaprasAda kI ora prasthita huA / rAjakumAra bhoja ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diye jAne ke SaDyantra kA AcArya bappabhaTTI ko patA cala gayA thA / ataH unhoMne rAjakumAra bhoja ko SaDyantra se sAvadhAna karate hue use dunduka se binA mile hI tatkAla apanI mAtA ke sAtha pATalIputra cale jAne kA parAmarza diyaa| prAcArya bappabhaTTI kI dUradarzitA pUrNa kRpA se rAjakumAra bhoja mRtya ke mukha se nikala kara apane nAnA pATalIputra ke mahArAjA ke pAsa calA gayA / jaba dunduka ko jJAta huA ki rAjakumAra bhoja bhI apanI mAtA aura apane mAtula ke sAtha pATalIputra calA gayA hai, to use bar3A duHkha huA / usane acchI taraha soca-vicAra ke pazcAt nirNaya kiyA ki kevala AcArya bappabhaTTI hI kisI na kisI upAya se pATalIputra nareza ko bhalIbhAMti samajhA-bujhA kara rAjakumAra ko pATalIputra se yahAM lA sakate haiM, unake atirikta yaha kArya anya kisI ke vaza kA nahIM hai / isa prakAra vicAra kara rAjA dunduka ne eka dina prAcAryazrI bappabhaTTI se nivedana kiyA- "AcArya mahArAja ! apane prANAdhika priya putra bhoja ke binA mujhe yaha . saba rAjyavaibhava acchA nahIM laga rahA hai / bhoja kI anupasthiti meM mujhe yaha samagra Page #669 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 611 saMsAra zUnya-sA pratIta ho rahA hai| kevala Apa hI usako pATaliputra se yahAM lAne meM sakSama haiM ataH mujha para kRpA kara Apa pATaliputra jAkara mere paramapriya putra bhoja ko yahAM le pAiye / maiM jIvana bhara ApakA kRtajJa rhuuNgaa|" prAcAryazrI dunduka ke antarmana meM nigUr3ha rahasya ko bhalIbhAMti jAnate the, ataH kucha samaya taka to yaha kaha kara dunduka kI bAta ko TAlate rahe ki abhI ve amuka dhyAna kI sAdhanA meM nirata haiM, usake pUrA hone para paramAvazyaka yoga kI sAdhanA kareMge aura tadanantara ve pATalIputra jAkara bhoja ko le AyeMge / isa prakAra dunduka kI prArthanA ko samaya-samaya para kisI na kisI kalpita aparihArya kAraNa ke byAja se TAlate hue AmarAja kI mRtyu ke pazcAt kI jo pAMca varSa kI apanI AyuSya avaziSTa rahI thI, usameM se paryApta samaya vyatIta kara diyaa| ___anta meM mahArAjA dunduka ke haThAgrahapUrNa antima anurodha para prAcArya bappabhaTTI ko avaza ho pATalIputra kI ora prasthita honA hI pdd'aa| anukramazaH pATalIputra kI ora agrasara hote hue jaba ve pATalIputra ke samIpa pahaMce to unhoMne vicAra kiyA--"yadi maiM rAjakumAra bhoja ko pATalIputra se kAnyakubja le jAtA haiM to yaha nizcita hai ki vaha duSTa rAjA dunduka rAjakumAra bhoja kI hatyA karavA. degaa| aura yadi nahIM le jAtA hUM to vaha krUra dunduka mujhase aura mere dharmasaMgha se ruSTa ho jinazAsana ko aneka prakAra kI hAni pahuMcA kara mere samasta ziSya samUha ko apane rAjya kI sImA se bAhara nikAla degA aura isa prakAra jinazAsana para bhayaMkara vajrAghAta hogaa| aisI dazA meM merI prAyu ke katipaya avaziSTa dinoM ko yahAM anazanapUrvaka hI bitA denA sabhI dRSTiyoM se zreyaskara hogA / " isa prakAra vicAra kara AcArya bappabhaTTI ne pAlocanA dvArA Atmazuddhi kara pATalIputra ke usa samIpastha sthAna meM anazanapUrvaka pAdapopagamana saMthArA aMgIkAra kara liyA aura paMca parameSTi kI zaraNa grahaNa kara ve adhyAtma dhyAna meM lIna ho gaye / isa prakAra samabhAvapUrvaka kSudhA, tRSA Adi sabhI pIr3AoM ko sahana karate hae 21 ahorAtra taka ekAgra mana se prAtma-cintana karate hue apanA 65 varSa kA prAyuSya pUrNa kara vi0 saM0 865 (vIra ni0 saM0 1365) kI zrAvaNa zuklA 8 ke dina candra kA svAti nakSatra ke sAtha yoga hone para mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya bappabhaTTI ne svargArohaNa kiyaa|' prAcArya bappabhaTTI ke kRpA prasAda ke kAraNa rAjakumAra bhoja kA prANa saMkaTa TalA thaa| ataH vaha jIvana bhara apane upakArI mahAn AcArya bappabhaTTI ke uttarAdhikAriyoM evaM dharmasaMgha kA parama bhakta banA rhaa| bappabhaTTI ke svargAroharaNa ke kucha ' zara-nanda-siddhivarSe (895), nabhaH zuddhASTamI dine / svAtibhe'jani paJcatvamAmarAja guroriha // 741 / / (prabhAvaka caritra) Page #670 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 612 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 samaya pazcAt rAjakumAra bhoja apane mAtuloM ke sAtha kAnyakubja phuNcaa| usane pitA dunduka ke durAcAra kA sadA-sadA ke liye anta kara kAnyakubja ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiTha apanA paramparAgata adhikAra prApta kiyaa| usane bappabhaTTI ke paTTadhara do prAcAryoM meM se nannasari ko moDherA meM hI rakhA aura goviMdasari ko apanI rAjasabhA meM rAjaguru banAkara rkhaa| bappabhaTTI ke upakAroM se uRNa hone kI utkaTa bhAvanA ke sAtha rAjA bhoja ne jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| prabhAvaka caritra ke bhojarAjastato'neka, rAjyarASTagrahAgrahaH / prAmAdapyadhiko jajJe, jainapravacanonnatau / / 765 // - isa ullekhAnusAra rAjA bhoja ne apane pitAmaha mahArAjA prAma kI apekSA bhI, jainadharma kI abhivRddhi evaM abhyunnati ke atyadhika kArya kiye| bappabhaTaTI sari ne jIvanabhara jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke aneka AzcaryakArI aura mahAna kArya karane ke sAtha-sAtha 52 prabandhoM kI racanA kara jaina vAMgmaya ko zrIvRddhi evaM vAgdevI kI mahatI sevA kii| AcArya bappabhaTTI ke una 'tArAgaNa' Adi 52 kRtiyoM meM se adyAvadhi kevala do-tIna laghu kiMtu atyanta bhAvapUrNa kRtiyAM hI upalabdha ho sakI haiN| sAMkhyadarzana ke apane samaya ke uccakoTi ke vidvAn, parama vaiSNava aura pramukha prabandhakavi vAkpatirAja jaise parabrahmopAsaka saMnyAsI ko na kevala jaina zramaNopAsaka banAkara apitu jaina zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA dekara bappabhaTTI ne saMsAra ke samakSa apanI alaukika-asAdhAraNa pratibhA kA udAharaNa rkhaa| bappabhaTTI kI isa prakAra kI asAdhAraNa pratibhA, bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke ziSya prAcArya thAvaccA kumAra aura jambUsvAmI ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara AcArya prabhava kA smaraNa karA detI hai / zukadeva jaise parama bhAgavata, bahujanapUjya, bahujanasammata bahuta bar3e saMnyAsI ko thAvaccA putra ne aura prathama zra takevalI prAcArya prabhava ne veda-vedAMga pAragAmI paNDita sayyaMbhava ko pratibodha dekara zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita kara liyaa| isa prakAra kI asAdhAraNa pratibhA ke udAharaNa anyatra alpa ho upalabdha hote haiN| prAcArya bappabhaTTI sUri mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya, asAdhAraNa pratibhA ke dhanI aura jinazAsanarUpI kSIrasAgara ke kaustubhamariNa tulya anamola ratna the| jaina itihAsa meM unakA nAma amara rhegaa| Page #671 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ digambara sampradAya meM kASThA saMgha kI utpatti digambara sampradAya meM, vIra ni0 saM0 1223 meM prAcArya kumArasena ne "kASThA saMgha" nAmaka eka navIna saMgha kI sthApanA kii| isa saMgha kI sthApanA ke itihAsa para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlate hue AcArya devasena ne apanI choTI sI para aitihAsika mahatva kI pustikA darzanasAra meM likhA hai : "siri vIraseNasIso, jiNaseNo sylstthvinnnnaannii| siri paumaNaMdi pacchA, causaMgha samuddharaNadhIro / / 30 / / tassa ya sIso guNavaM, guNabhaddo divvaNANaparipuNNo / pakkhuvavAsasuTThamadI, mahAtavo bhAvaliMgo ya / / 31 / / teNa puNo viya miccu, NAUNa muNissa viNayaseNassa / siddhataM ghosittA, sayaM gayaM saggalogassa / / 32 / / prAsI kumAraseNo, NaMdiyar3e viNayaseNa dikkhiyo| saNNAsabhaMjaNeNa ya, agahiya-puraNadikkhano jAdo / / 33 / / parivajjiUNa picchaM, camaraM cittUNa mohklienn| ummagaM saMkaliyaM, bagaDavisaesu savvesu / / 34 / / itthINa puraNa dikkhA, khuddayaloyassa vIracariyattaM / kakkasakesaggahaNaM, chaTheM ca guNavadaM gAma / / 3 / / Agamasatya purANaM, pAyacchittaM ca aNNahA kiMpi / viraittA micchattaM, pavaTTiyaM mUDha loesu // 36 / / so samaNasaMghavajjo, kumAraseNo hu samayamicchatto / cattovasamo ruddo, kaLaM saMgha parUvedi / / 37 / / sattasae tevaNNe, vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / NaMdiyar3e varagAme, kaTThosaMgho muNeyavvo // 38 / / NaMdiyar3e varagAme, kumAraseNo ya satyaviNNANI / kaTTho, daMsaraNabhaTTho, jAdo saMllehaNAkAle // 39 // " arthAt-zrI vIraseraNa ke ziSya sakala zAstroM ke viziSTa jJAtA jinasena nAmaka prAcArya he| pacanandi ke pazcAta ve hI eka aise mAcArya the jo cAroM saMghoM ke samIcInarUpeNa saMcAlana ke bhAra ko Page #672 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 614 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 bhalI-bhAMti vahana karane meM sakSama the| jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra hue jo sarvaguNa sampanna, divya (viziSTa) jJAnI, pakSopavAsI athavA mahA tapasvI evaM bhAvaliMgI (bhaTTAraka-dravyaliMgavihIna) sAdhu the| una guNabhadra ne apane avasAnakAla ko samIpa jAnakara apane ziSya vinayasena ko samasta siddhAntoM kA jJAna dekara svargaloka ko prayANa kiyaa| una prAcArya vinayasena dvArA dIkSita kumArasena nAmaka sAdhu thaa| usane sanyAsa dharma se bhraSTa ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI punaH zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa nahIM kii| usa kumArasena ne picchI kA parityAga kara caMvara (caMvarI gau ke bAloM kI caMvarI, jisake madhyama prahAra se hI makkhI-macchara Adi jantu mara jAte haiM) dhAraNa kara liyaa| mohavimugdha bane usa kumArasena ne bAgar3a pradeza meM unmArga kA pravartana kiyaa| usane striyoM ko zramaNI dharma meM dIkSita karane kA vidhAna kiyaa| usane zUdra varNa ke logoM ke gharoM se sAdhu-sAdhviyoM dvArA bhikSA grahaNa karane kA vidhAna kiyaa| usane karkaza-kezagrahaNa ko chaThA guragavata btlaayaa| usa kumArasena ne anya hI prakAra ke navIna prAgamoM, zAstroM, purANoM aura prAyazcitta grahaNa karane ke granthoM kI racanA kara unheM mUr3ha logoM meM pracalita karake mithyAtva kA prasAra kiyA / usa mithyAtvI kumArasena ko zramaNa saMgha se niSkAsita kara diyA gyaa| upazama bhAva se vihIna raudra svabhAva vAle usa kumArasena ne naMditaTa nAmaka sundaragrAma meM vikrama saM0 753 meM darzanabhraSTa ho kASThA saMgha kI sthApanA kii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki darzanasAra meM kASThA saMgha kI utpatti viSayaka jo uparilikhita vivaraNa devasenAcArya ne prastuta kiyA hai, use abhI taka vidvAnoM dvArA aitihAsika kasauTI para nahIM kasA gayA hai| isa samasta vivaraNa ko yadi itihAsa kI kasauTI para kasA jAya to sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa pAThaka ko bhI sahaja hI yaha jJAta ho jAyagA ki yaha saba vivaraNa na kevala janazra ti ke mAdhAra para prapitu nitAnta pravizvanIya kiMvadantI ke prAdhAra para prAcArya devasena ne apanI laghu kRti 'darzanasAra' meM saMkalita prathavA nibaddha kiyA hai| tathyoM kI kasauTI para kasane ke uddezya se hI uparilikhita 10 gAthAoM ko avikala rUpa se yahAM upata kiyA gayA hai| kASThA saMgha kI sthApanA karane vAle kumArasena ko guru-paramparA ke pUrvAcAryoM meM kramaza: vIrasena, jinasena, guNabhadga aura muMni vinayasena-ina paTTadhara prAcAryoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sena saMgha kI paTTAvalI aura uttarapurANa prAdi kI prazastiyoM meM dhavalAkAra vIrasena, jayaghavalAkAra jinasena aura uttarapurANakAra guNabhadra ke kramazaH guru-ziSya krama se nAma ullikhita haiN| uttarapurANa kI prazasti meM Page #673 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 615 guNabhadra ke paTTadhara ziSya ke rUpa meM AcArya lokasena kA nAma landha hotA hai, vinayasena kA nhiiN| yaha to eka nirvivAda, sarvasammata evaM itihAsa siddha tathya hai ki paMcastUpAnvayI sena saMgha ke prAcArya vIrasena ne vikrama saM0 830 meM dhavalA TIkA kA, unake ziSya jinasena ne vi0 saM0 864 meM jayaghavalA TIkA kA aura vIrasena ke praziSya tathA jinasena ke ziSya uttarapurANakAra prAcArya guNabhadra ne unake ziSya lokasena dvArA nirmita uttarapurANa kI prazasti ke anusAra vikrama saM0 655 se kucha varSa pUrva uttarapurANa kA nirmANa kiyaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM prAcArya vIrasena se 5vIM pIr3hI meM, jinasena se 4 thI pIr3hI meM paura prA0 guNabhadra se tIsarI pIr3hI meM hue kumArasena ne vi0 saM0 753. meM arthAt vIra sena se 77 varSa pUrva, jinasena se 141 mora guNabhadra se 202 varSa pUrva hI kASThA saMgha kI sthApanA kisa prakAra kara dii| apane guru athavA praguru se hI nahIM kintu apane praguru ke bhI guru aura pragara se pUrva kumArasena ne kASThA saMgha kI sthApanA kara dI, yaha prAkAza-kusuma tulya asambhava bAta to kisI bhI vyakti ko mAnya nahIM ho sktii| __ yadyapi darzanasAra meM kASThA saMgha kI sthApanA kA saMvat 753 suspaSTa rUpeNa ullikhita hai, tathApi kAlakrama ko saMgati baiThAne kI raSTi se yadi ise zaka saMvat bhI mAna liyA jAya to bhI zaka saM0 753 kA vi0 saM0 888 hotA hai / yaha samaya bhI jayaghavalA ke nirmANa kArya kI samApti se 6 varSa pUrva praura kASThAsaMgha ke saMsthApaka kumArasena ke praguru guNabhadra se bhI 67 varSa pUrva par3atA hai| yadi yaha kalpanA kI jAya ki darzanasAra meM kumArasena kI jo guru-paramparA dI gaI hai, vaha paMcastUpAnvayI senasaMgha kI prAcArya paramparA na ho kara kisI anya saMgha kI hI guru paramparA hai to isa para bhI vizvAsa nahIM hotaa| tIna pIr3hiyoM taka guru ziSyoM ke ye hI nAma senasaMgha ke atirikta anya kisI saMgha athavA paramparA meM raSTigocara nahIM hote / "bhaTTAraka paramparA" nAmaka itihAsa anya ke racanAkAra pro. vI0 pI0 joharApurakara ne bhI darzanasAra ko uparilikhita gAthAmoM meM jina prAcArya guNabhadra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unheM darzanasAra kI gAthA saM0 30-32 ke ullekha ke sAtha sena gaNa kA prAcArya hI mAnA hai|' devasenAcArya kA "darzanasAra" sudIrghAvadhi se aneka vidvAnoM dvArA jaina itihAsa ke katipaya tathyoM ke sambandha meM paryApta rUpeNa prAmANika kRti ke rUpa meM ' bhaTTAraka-paramparA, (bI0 pI0 joharApurakara) 10 3 Page #674 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 616 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 mAnA jAtA rahA hai / itihAsa ke uccakoTi ke aneka vidvAnoM ne katipaya vivAdAspada aitihAsika ghaTanAoM athavA prAcAryoM ke sambandha meM darzanasAra ke uddharaNa diye haiM / kASThAsaMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM uparivarita vivaraNa meM asaMgatiyoM aura aprAmANikatA ko dekha kara bhaviSya meM sabhI vidvAnoM ko sAvadhAnI baratanI hogI / kASThAsaMgha kI utpatti digambara saMgha meM huI, yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki kumArasena nAmaka kisI prAcArya ne vikrama saM0 753 meM isakI sthApanA kI ho / kintu kASThAsaMgha ke saMsthApaka usa kumArasena kI guru-paramparA aura usake pUrvAcAryoM ke nAma anya hI ho sakate haiM, vIrasena, jinasena, guNabhadra prAdi nahIM / isa sambandha meM vidvAnoM se agretara zodha kI apekSA hai / Page #675 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yazovarma-kannauja kA mahArAjA vIra nirvANa kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caturtha caraNa ke pAsa-pAsa kannauja ke rAjasiMhAsana para yazovarmana nAmaka eka zaktizAlI rAjA baiThA / vAkpatirAja dvArA racita prAkRta bhASA ke utkRSTa evaM mahatvapUrNa grantha "gaur3avaho" aura kAzmIra ke mahArAjA bAlAditya kI rAjasabhA ke kavi kalhaNa dvArA racita rAjataraMgiNI se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki kannauja rAjya ke isa zaktizAlI zAsaka ne dUradUra taka digvijaya karane ke sAtha-sAtha kAzmIra ke mahArAjA bAlAditya ke sAtha mila kara bhArata kI uttarI sImA se bhArata para kiye jAne vAle araboM ke prAkramaNa ko viphala karane meM bar3I tatparatA aura vIratA se kAma kiyaa| puSpabhUti rAjavaMza ke antima mahArAjA harSavarddhana kI mRtyu ke pazcAt, itihAsavidoM ke abhimatAnusAra lagabhaga arddha zatAbdI taka rAjanaitika dRSTi se bar3I hI asthiratA rhii| I0 san 700 ke AsapAsa yazovarmana kannauja ke rAjasiMhAsana para baitthaa| yazovarmana kauna thA aura rAjanaitika dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa kannauja rAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana ko usane kaise prApta kara liyA, yaha saba kucha abhI taka eka aisI pahelI banA huA hai, jisakA koI samAdhAna adyAvadhi dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| ___itihAsajJa isa dizA meM prayatnazIla rhe| yazovarmana ke sambandha meM aneka aitihAsika granthoM ke avagAhana ke anantara jaina vAMgmaya meM isake paricaya kA hameM inhIM dinoM eka srota upalabdha huA, jo nimnalikhita rUpa meM hai : ........."prabhUtavarSa zrIpRthvIvallabharAjAdhirAja paramezvarasya pravartamAnazrI rAjyavijayasaMvatsareSu vahatsu / cArucAlukyAnvayagaganatalahariNalAMchanAyamAna zrIbalavarmanarendrasya sUnuH svavikramAvajitasakalaripunRpaziraH zekharArcitacaraNayugalo yazovarmanAmadheyo rAjA vyarAjata / tasya putraH 'suputraH kuladIpaka' iti purANavacanamavitathamiha kurvannatitarAM dhIrAjamAno manojAta iva mAninIjanamanasthalIyaH (?) raNacaturazcaturajanAzrayaH zrIsamAliMgitavizAlavakSa sthalo nitarAmazobhata / aso mahAtmA 1. Nothing is known of the early history and antecedents of this King....... (bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI dvArA prakAzita hisTrI eNDa kalcara prApha iNDiyana pIpula, klAsikala eja, pRSTha 128) Page #676 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 618 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kamalocitasadbhujAntarazrIvimalAditya iti pratItanAmA / kamanIyavapurvilAsinInAM bhramadakSibhramarAlivakrapadmaH / / yaH pracaNDatarakaravAladalitaripunRpakarighaTAkumbhamukta muktAphalavikIriNata ruciraktAdhikAntiruciraparIta nijakalatrakaNThaH zitikaNTha iva mahitamahimAmodyamAnarucirakIrtirazeSagaMgamaNDalAdhirAja zrIcAkI rAjasya bhAgineya: bhuvi prakAzata yasmin kunungilanAmadezamayazaH parAMgmukhA manumArgeNa pAlayati sati zrIyApanIyanandisaMgha'nAgavRkSamUlagaNe zrIkityAcAryAnvaye bahuSvAcAryeSvatikrAnteSu vratasamitiguptiguptamuni-vRndavanditacaraNakavilAcAryANAmAsIt ( ? ) tasyAntevAsI samupanatajanaparizramAhAraH svadAnasaMtarpitasamastavidvajjano janitamahodaya: zrI vijayakIrtinAmamuniprabhurabhUt / arkakItiriti khyAtimAtanvanmunisattamaH / tasya ziSyatvamAyAto nAyAto vazamenasAm / / tasmai munivarAya tasya vimalAdityasya zaNezvara (? sambhavataH zanizcara) pIr3ApanodAya mayUrakhaNDimadhivasati vijayaskandhAvAre cAkirAjena vijJApito vallabhendraH iDigUviSayamadhyavartinaM jAlamaMgalanAmayegrAmaM zakanRpasavatsareSu zarazikhimuniSu (735) vyatIteSu jyeSThamAsazuklapakSadazabhyAM puSyanakSatre candravAre mAnyapuravarAparadigvibhAgAlaMkArabhUtazilAgrAmajinendrabhavanAya dattavAn ........! isa abhilekha kA sArAMza yaha hai ki cAlukyavaMzIya rAjA balavarma ke putra yazovarma hue, jinhoMne apane bAhubala se apane samaya ke samasta narendramaNDala ko vijita kara unheM apane caraNoM meM jhkaayaa| una mahApratApI rAjA yazovarmana kA sUpatra vimalAditya hA / vaha vimalAditya baDA hI zauryazAlI aura raNanItivizArada thaa| cAlukya vimalAditya rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza kA adhInastha rAjA thA aura kUnangila pradeza kA rAjA thaa| isakA mAmA gaMgavaMzI cAkirAja rASTrakUTa rAjAoM kI ora se samasta gaMgamaNDala kA rAjyapAla niyukta kiyA gayA thA, jaisA ki isI grantha ke pRSTha 267 para ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA prabhUtavarSa-govinda dvitIya ke zAsana kAla meM jaba gaMgamaNDala kA rAjyapAla cAkirAja mayUrakhaNDI nAmaka sthala para apane sainya zivira meM ThaharA huA thA, usa samaya usane apane svAmI rASTrakUTavaMzIya prabhUtavarSa se prArthanA kI ki yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya arkakIrti ne jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha saM0 124, pRSTha 131-140, rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA . prabhUtavarSa (dvitIya) kA dAnapatra, zaka saM0 735 / mANikacandra digambara jainagranthamAlAsamiti, hapsAbAtha, bambaI 4, sitambara 1652 meM prakAzita / Page #677 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 616 unake bhAgineya vimalAditya ko zanizcara kI vyAdhi se sarvadA ke liye mukta kara diyA hai| isa upalakSa meM arkakIrti ko eka acchA sA grAma dAna meM diyA jAya / prabhUtavarSa ne apane rAjyapAla kI prArthanA svIkAra kara apane adhInastha rAjA cAlukya vimalAditya ko rogamukta kara dene ke upalakSa meM arkakIrti ko jAlamaMgala nAmaka eka grAma zilAgrAma meM avasthita jina mandira kI samucita vyavasthA ke liye dAna meM diyaa| rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjA prabhUtavarSa (govinda dvitIya) kA paricaya prastuta grantha ke pRSTha 260 para diyA jA cukA hai / upayuddhata abhilekha meM cAlukya rAjA yazovarman ko samasta narendra maNDala kA vijetA batAyA gayA hai| I. san 700 se 800 kI avadhi meM na kevala cAlukya rAjAoM kI vaMzAvali meM apitu kisI bhI anya rAjavaMza kI vaMzAvali meM yazovarmana nAmaka anya kisI rAjA ke hone kA ullekha nahIM hai / dakSiNI bhArata ke itihAsa ke yazasvI vidvAn desAI ne vimalA ditya se paryApta uttaravartI kAla IsA kI 10vI 11vIM zatAbdI meM dAsavarmana apara nAma yazovarmana nAmaka eka rAjakumAra ke bAdAmI ke cAlukya rAjavaMza meM hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| yazovarmana kA ullekha karate hue unhoMne purAtatva sAmagrI ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki vikramAditya paMcama aura usake ayayana aura jayasiMha (dvitIya) nAmaka do bhAiyoM ko bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM kI aneka rAjavaMzAvaliyoM meM cAlUkyarAja satyAzraya-apara nAma iDivaveDaMga ke putra honA batAyA gayA hai| kintu purAtatva sAmagrI se yaha siddha hotA hai ki ye tInoM satyAzraya ke nahIM apitu satyAzraya ke laghu bhrAtA dAsavarmana apara nAma yazovarmana ke putra the|' yaha yazovarmana vastutaH IsA kI dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM humA hai, isameM kiMcit mAtra bhI sandeha nhiiN| kyoMki isake pitA cAlukyarAja taila dvitIya kA zAsanakAla I. san 673 se 667 aura isake jyeSTha bhrAtA cAlukyarAja satyAzraya kA zAsanakAla I. san 667-1008 hai| ___isa prakAra kI sthiti meM bAdAmI cAlukya rAjavaMza ke isa yazovarmana apara nAma dAsavarmana ko to I. san 700 se anumAnataH 740 taka kannauja ke zaktizAlI rAjya para zAsana karane vAlA yazovarmana mAna lene kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA / IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara dasavIM zatAbdI taka yazovarmana nAma kA upayuddha ta lekha meM varNita yazovarmana ko chor3akara anya koI rAjA bhArata kI kisI bhI prasiddha rAjAvali meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA prabhUtavarSa uparivaNita dAnapatra meM jisa mahApratApI samastanarendramaNDala ke vijetA ke rUpa meM ' jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA eNDa sama jaina ipigrAphsa pI. bI. desAI likhita, peja 210 Page #678 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 620 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3 cAlukyarAja yazovarmana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vahI yazovarmana vastutaH harSavarddhana kI mRtyu ke lagabhaga 53 varSa ke pazcAt kannauja ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / usa yazovarmana ke pitA kA nAma balavarmana aura usake putra kA nAma vimalAditya thA, jo ki kAlAntara meM rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza kA adhInastha rAjA athavA sAmanta thaa| isa abhilekha ke ullekhAnusAra yazovarmana kA vivAha gaMgavaMzI cAkirAja kI bahina ke sAtha sampanna huA thaa| ___ yazovarmana ke sambandha meM isa prakAra ke katipaya navIna aitihAsika tathyoM kI upalabdhi ke anantara bhI abhI taka yaha tathya andhakAra meM hI hai ki yazovarmana cAlukyoM kI kisa zAkhA meM utpanna hunA thaa| isa tathya para prakAza DAlane vAle pramAraNoM ke abhAva meM prophesara bhaNDArakara ne yazovarmana ko cAlukyoM kI itihAsa prasiddha zAkhAoM se bhinna kisI itara (svatantra) zAkhA kA sadasya mAnA hai| yazovarmana kA sambandha cAhe kisI bhI zAkhA se ho lekina rASTrakUTa rAjA prabhUtavarSa ke upariuddha ta abhilekha se yaha to antima rUpa se sunizcita ho jAtA hai ki vaha cAlukya vaMza kA rAjA thaa| yazovarmana jisa prakAra eka mahAna yoddhA aura raNanIti-vizArada thA, usI prakAra vaha vidyApremI aura vidvAnoM kA sammAna karane vAlA thaa| mahAkavi bhavabhUti aura vAkpatirAja usakI rAjasabhA ke vidvadratna aura rAjakavi the| vAkapatirAja ne prAkRta bhASA meM 1.206 gAthAoM kA 'gaur3avaho' nAmaka eka kAvyagrantha kI racanA kara kannauja ke adhIzvara ina yazovarmana ko prazaMsA kI hai| 'gaur3avaho' meM vAkpatirAja ne yazovarmana ke apratima zaurya aura digvijaya yAtrA kA jo varNana kiyA hai, usakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : "yazovarmA mahAn pratApI rAjA thA, vaha sAkSAt hari kA avatAra thaa| pralaya hone para, hari kA avatAra hone ke kAraNa kevala yazovarmA hI vidyamAna rhegaa| usake atirikta yaha dRzyamAna samasta jagat pralayakAla meM vilupta ho jaaygaa|" "isa prakAra ke mahA pratApI rAjA yazovarmA ne varSARtu kI samApti para eka zubha dina meM apanI vijayayAtrA prArambha kii| zoNa nada hote hue mahArAjA yazovarmana vindyagiri pahuMcA / vahAM usane vindya guhAnivAsinI devI ke darzana kara usakI stuti kii| vahAM magadha kA gaur3a rAjA bhI AyA huA thA kintu yazovarmA ko dekhate hI gaur3arAja bhayabhIta ho vahAM se bhAga khar3A huA / raNakSetra meM pITha dikhAkara bhAga jAnA vastutaH kSatriya ke liye bar3A hI lajjAjanaka aura mRtyu se bhI bhayAnaka duHkhadAyaka hai, yaha vicAra kara gaur3arAja ke sahAyaka rAjA aura unakI senA punaH yazovarmana ke sammukha lauTa AI / gaur3arAja ko bhI isa prakAra kI sthiti meM Page #679 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 621 punaH unake sAtha yazovarmana ke sammukha lauTanA pdd'aa| donoM senAoM meM ghora yuddha haa| yazovarmana ne gaur3arAja kI senA ko naSTa kara gaur3arAja ko bhI raNAMgaNa meM dharAzAyI kara diyaa|" isI ghaTanA ko lekara mahAkavi vAkpatirAja ne 'gaur3avaho' kI racanA kI hai| isase Age isa sampUrNa kAvyakRti meM gaur3arAja kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isase yahI mAbhAsa hotA hai ki usa gaur3a rAjA ko mAra DAlane aura usakI senA ko naSTa kara dene ke pazcAt yazovarmana ne vizAla magadharAja para adhikAra kara apanI digvijaya kA zubhArambha kiyaa| - vAkpatirAja ne gaMuDavaho meM Age likhA hai-"gaur3a rAjA kA vadha karane ke pazcAt yazovarmana ne ilAyacI ke vRkSoM kI sugandha se surabhita samudra taTavartI pradezoM meM apanA vijaya abhiyAna prArambha kiyA aura una para apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAne ke pazcAt yazovarmana baMga pradeza para apanI vijaya kA abhiyAna prArambha kiyA / usa samaya baMga pradeza hAthiyoM ke lie prasiddha thaa| yazovarmana ne baMgarAja ko parAjita kara use apanA bazavartI rAjA bnaayaa| tadanantara mahArAjA yazovarmana malayagiri kI talahaTI aura usake pArzvastha pradezoM para vijaya prApta karatA humA dakSiNI-samudra ke taTa para phuNcaa| vahAM usane usa ramya pradeza ko dekhA jahAM bAlI laMkApati rAvaNa ko apane pArzva meM dabAye kaI dinoM taka bhramaNa karatA rhaa| samudra ke sampUrNa taTavartI pradezoM para vijaya prApta karatA humA yazovarmana pArasIka janapada kI ora bar3hA aura usane pArasIka rAjA ko yuddha meM parAsta kiyaa| tadanantara usane koMkaNa pradeza ko vijita kiyA / tadanantara narmadA nadI ke taTavartI rAjyoM ko apane adhInastha rAjya karatA huA apanI vizAla evaM vijayinI senA ke sAtha marupradeza meM pahuMcA / marupradeza se prAge bar3hakara vaha zrIkaNTha (sthAnezvara rAjya) pradeza hotA humA kurukSetra pahuMcA / tatpazcAt vaha ayodhyA nagarI kI ora bddh'aa| usane mahendra parvata ke rAjAmoM para vijaya prApta kI bhora tadanantara usane uttara dizA kI bhora prayAraNa kiyaa|" isa prakAra digvijaya karane ke anantara mahArAjAdhirAja yazovarmana kannauja lauttaa| kannauja lauTane para usane apane una sabhI adhInastha rAjAoM ko unake apane apane rAjyoM meM jAne kI mAjJA dI, jo digvijaya meM usake sAtha hue the| mahAkavi vAkpatirAja ne apane grantha "gaur3avaho" meM mahArAjA yazovarmana kI digvijaya kA isa prakAra pratIva saMkSepa meM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai / yazovarmana ke Azrita rAjakavi vAkpatirAja ne apane 'gaur3avaho' kAvya meM yazovarmana kI isa digvijaya yAtrA kA varNana prastuta kiyA hai, isa prakAra kI sthiti meM sahaja hI yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa kAvya meM aitihAsikatA kI apekSA kavikalpanA kA bAhulya ho sakatA hai| kintu vastusthiti isa prakAra kI nahIM hai / nAlandA se Page #680 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 622 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 prApta eka zilAlekha' meM yazovarmana ko sArvabhauma sattAsampanna mahArAjA batAyA gayA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki usane magadha ke rAjA gaur3a ko mArakara athavA parAjita kara baMgAla taka vistIrNa usake magadha-rAjya para vijaya prApta kI thii| | yazovarmana ke samaya meM araba deza ke khalIphAmoM kI gadhra dRSTi AryadharA bhArata para lagI huI thI ve IrAka, IrAna Adi dezoM kI hI taraha vizAla bhArata ko bhI islAmI deza banA dene para kaTibaddha the / sindha pradeza para araboM kI senAoM ne adhikAra bhI kara liyA thaa| dUradarzI yazovarmana ne araba senAmoM se bhArata kI rakSA karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA / pArasIka deza para yazovarmana ke vijaya abhiyAna kA jo ullekha vAkpatirAja ne "gaur3avaho" meM kiyA hai, usameM saMbhavataH vAkpatirAja ne sindhu pradeza ko hI pArasIka deza ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai| yazovarmana kA vaha pArasIka vijaya abhiyAna saMbhavataH bhArata kI paraboM ke saMbhAvita AkramaNa se rakSA karane ke bar3ha saMkalpa kA prArambhika kriyAnvayana, athavA apane usa dRr3ha saMkalpa kI pUrti kA prathama prayAsa hI thaa| . aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jisa prakAra harSavarddhana sampUrNa bhArata ko sadA sadA ke lie eka zaktizAlI prajeya rASTra banA dene kI prAkAMkSA se eka sArvabhauma sattAsampanna kendrIya sattA kI sthApanA karanA cAhatA thA, ThIka usI prakAra yazovarmana bhI bhArata kI uttarI sImA ke pAra araboM ke bhArata para bar3hate hue dabAva ko dekhakara videziyoM se apanI janma-bhUmi bhArata kI sthAyI rUpa se surakSA ke lie eka zaktizAlI kendrIya sattA kI sthApanA karanA cAhatA thaa| cIna deza ke srotoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki usane araboM ke saMbhAvita prAkra maNa se bhArata kI rakSA hetu bar3e hI dUradarzitApUrNa prayAsa kiye| cIna ke rAjakIya abhilekhoM meM ullekha hai ki bhArata ke madhyadeza ke rAjA yo-zA-pha-mo ne IsvI san 731 meM apane eka mantrI bauddha bhikSuka pU-tA-si-na (buddhasena) ke netRtva meM apanA eka pratinidhi maNDala cIna ke samrATa ke pAsa isa prArthanA ke sAtha bhejA ki uttara se araboM aura tibbatavAsiyoM kA bhArata para nirantara dabAva bar3ha rahA hai| isa sambhAvita saMkaTa se bhArata kI rakSA ke liye cIna ke samrATa kI bhora se samucita sahAyatA pradAna kI jaay| rAjataraMgiraNI ke anuvAda meM sTena dvArA kiye gaye ullekha ke anusAra kAzmIra ke rAjA lalitAditya ne bhI I0 san 736 meM cIna ke samrATa ke pAsa apanA pratinidhi bhejakara prArthanA kI ki kAzmIra para paravavAsiyoM mora timbatavAsiyoM ke bar3hate hue dabAva ko rokane ke liye unheM .ka. bhaNDArakara kI sUcI saMkhyA 2105 / ba. klAsikala eja bhAratIya, vidyAbhavana bambaI ke pASAra para pRSTha 126 . sAino iNDiyana sTIja, ga. pI. sI. bAgacI, (1), pRSTha 71 Page #681 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 623 sainika sahAyatA pradAna kI jAya / ' lalitAditya ne apane pratinidhi maNDala ke mAdhyama se cIna ke samrATa ko yaha bhI nivedana kiyA ki araboM aura tibbatavAsiyoM ke bhArata para bar3hate hue dabAva ko rokane kA vaha (lalitAditya) aura yazovarmana sammilita prayAsa kara rahe haiN| ina ullekhoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki yazovarmana bhArata kI akhaNDatA evaM rakSA ke liye eka dUradarzI sajaga praharI ke rUpa meM citita athavA ciMtanazIla thaa| aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki I0 san 734-735 meM araboM ne siMdha se lagI haI gujarAta kI sImAnoM meM ghasakara kannauja, ujjaina Adi kI ora bar3hane kI icchA se sainika abhiyAna prArambha kiye, jinheM ki cAlukya vikramAditya dvitIya ke gujarAta pradeza ke rAjyapAla prathavA prazAsaka pulakezina aura rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA daMtidurga ne yuddhoM meM parAjita kara punaH siMgha kI ora bhAga jAne ke liye bAdhya kara diyaa| araboM ke isa AkramaNa ko viphala karane meM yazovarmana evaM lalitAditya dvArA kisI prayAsa ke kiye jAne ke ullekhoM ke prabhAva se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki isa samaya taka yazovarmana aura lalitAditya jo araboM se bhArata kI rakSA ke punIta kArya ke liye kRta-saMkalpa the, ina donoM ke bIca ApasI manamuTAva saMgharSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara gayA thaa| DaoN0 pI0 sI0 bAgacI ke abhimatAnusAra yazovarmana ne cIna ke samrATa ko yaha nivedana bhI karavAyA thA ki ve lalitAditya aura usake (yazovarmana ke) bIca utpanna hue kalaha ko zAMta karane ke liye madhyasthatA kreN| araboM dvArA gujarAta ke mArga se bhArata ke madhyavartI kannauja, ujjaina Adi kSetroM kI prora bar3hane ke liye kiye gaye uparivaNita prayAsa ko viphala karane meM lalitAditya aura yazovarmana kI udAsInatA kA jo AnumAnika kAraNa Upara batAyA gayA hai, usakI puSTi rAjataraMgiNI ke ullekhoM se bhI hotI hai| kAzmIrarAja lalitAditya ke prItipAtra rAjakavi kahaNa ne apane aitihAsika mahattva ke graMtha "rAjataraMgiNI" meM ina donoM rAjAmoM (lalitAditya aura yazovarmana) ke bIca hue saMgharSa kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai : "kAzmIra ke mahArAjAdhirAja lalitAditya aura kannojarAja yazovarmana ke bIca paryApta samaya se paraspara manomAlinya cala rahA thA, jisane aMtatogatvA saMgharSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| saMgharSa ko ugra rUpa dhAraNa karate dekha donoM ne sandhi karane kA vicAra diyaa| sandhipatra kA pAlekhana bhI kara liyA gyaa| kintu usa ' sTena dvArA prAMgla bhASA meM anudita rAjataraMgiNI, 4, kI TippaNa saM. 134 dI hisTrI eNDa kalcara prApha dI iNDiyana pIpala, dI klAsikala eja, pRSTha 130, TippaNa 4 Page #682 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sigruponPawa 624 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sandhi patra ke "yazovarmana maura lalitAditya ke bIca zAMti-sandhi' isa zIrSaka ko dekhakara lalitAditya ke sAMdhivigrahika maMtrI ne apane svAmI kazmIra ke mahArAjA lalitAditya se pUrva yazovarmana ke nAma ke likhe jAne para Apatti kii| donoM pakSoM meM se koI bhI pakSa apane svAmI kA nAma dUsare sthAna para rakhane ke liye sahamata nahIM humaa| isakA bhayaMkara pariNAma yaha humA ki yazovarmana aura lalitAditya ke bIca sandhi hote-hote ruka gii| yadyapi lalitAditya ke senApati lambe yuddha se Uba cuke the tathApi donoM pakSoM kI senAmoM ne yuddhabhUmi meM apane-apane morce samhAle aura bhArata ko zaktizAlI banAne ke samAna uddezya vAle una donoM rAjAmoM ke bIca punaH yuddha prArambha ho gyaa| bar3A lomaharSaka yura humaa|" yazovarmana paura lalitAditya ke bIca hue isa ghora yuddha ke mantima pariNAma ke sambandha meM rAjataraMgiNIkAra kalaga prAge likhatA hai : "lalitAditya ke sAtha hue yazovarmana ke yuddha kA pariNAma yaha humA ki jisa yazovarmana kI yazasvI kavi vApatirAja aura mahAkavi bhavabhUti sevA kiyA karate the, vaha yazovarmana maharniza lalitAditya kA guNagAna karane vAle sAdhAraNa sAmanta kI sthiti (nAmamAtra) kA rAjA raha gyaa| isa sambandha meM vizeSa kahane kI mAvazyakatA nahIM, yamunA ke taTa se (kevala) kAlikA nadI ke taTa taka kI sImA vAle usake kAnyakumjakI paridhi usake nivAsa sthAna ke eka prakoSTha ke tulya usake adhikAra meM raha gaI thii| yazovarmana ko lAMghatI haI............... lalitAditya ko senAeM binA kisI prayAsa ke sahaja hI mAnana-phAnana meM hI pUrva sAgara taka pahuMca gii|" kahaNa ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki lalitAditya ne yazovarmana ko samUla naSTa kara diyaa| isa prakAra bhArata ko eka ajeya zaktizAlI rASTra banAne kA svapna asamaya meM hI TUTa gyaa| yaha bhArata ke liye bar3I durbhAgyapUrNa ghaTanA thI ki do rAjAmoM ke boye graham mora una rAjAmoM ke mahamaka mantriyoM kI pradUradarzitA ke kAraNa bhArata kI jo senAeM pAne vAle dinoM meM deza kI rakSA ke liye kAma meM pAtIM, ve paraspara hI lar3a-bhir3a kara naSTa athavA prazakta ho gii| Page #683 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 33 veM yugapradhAnAcArya saMbhUti ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti (bAdAmI kA cAlukya rAjavaMza) I. san 733 meM cAlukya rAja vikramAditya ke pazcAt usakA putra vikramAditya (dvitIya) bAdAmI ke rAjasiMhAsana para baitthaa| isakA zAsana 744 taka rahA / sindha pradeza meM zAsana kara rahe araboM ne dakSiNApatha kI ora bar3hane ke uddezya se sindha pradeza se lage gurjara pradeza ke kSetroM para I. san 734-35 meM adhikAra karanA prArambha kiyA / gujarAta meM cAlukya rAja ke pratinidhi pulakesina ne una araboM para AkramaNa kiyA aura unheM parAstakara punaH siMdha pradeza meM bhAgane ke atirikta unake liye anya koI rAstA nahIM rakhA / yaha pulakesina cAlukyarAja vikramAditya ( prathama ) ke bhrAtA usa jayasiMha kA putra thA jisane ki prathama vikramAditya kA bAdAmI rAjya kI punaH saMsthApanA meM sadA sAtha diyA thA aura jo vikramAditya dvArA dakSiNa gujarAta kA pratinidhi zAsaka ( sAmanta ) niyukta kiyA gayA thA / vikramAditya (dvitIya) dakSiNI gujarAta ke zAsaka pulakesina kI ina zauryapUrNa sevAoM se atIva prasanna huA / usane pulakesina kA rAjasI sammAna kara use " avani - janAzraya" - arthAt pRthvI para basane vAle mAnava mAtra kA zrAzraya-sahArA athavA zaraNya kI sarvocca sammAna pUrNa upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA / araboM ko punaH sindha kI ora khader3ane meM rASTrakUTa rAjA dantidurga ( I. san 730-753) ne bhI ullekhanIya kArya kiyA / yaha dantidurga vikramAditya (dvitIya) ke zAsanakAla taka bAdAmI ke cAlukyoM kA sAmanta thA / I kAMcipati narasiMha varmana dvArA bAdAmI para AkramaNa kara usa para adhikAra kiye jAne aura usa yuddha meM apane pitA ke prapitA cAlukya samrATa pulakezina dvitIya ke mAre jAne kI ghaTanA bAdAmI ke rAjAoM ke hRdaya meM zUla kI taraha khaTakatI prA rahI thI / vikramAditya (dvitIya) ke mana meM apane yauvarAjyakAla meM hI pratizodha lene kI adamya utkaNThA utpanna huI / usane gaMgarAjavaMza ke 16veM rAjA zrI puruSa ( I. 727-804) ke putra (cAlukya sAmrAjya ke prazAsaka ) aireyappA kI sahAyatA se eka zaktizAlI evaM vizAla senA le kAMcI para AkramaNa kiyA / usa samaya kAMcI para narasiMha varmana prathama (I. 630 - 668), jisane bAdAmI para adhikAra kiyA aura pulakezina (dvitIya) ko yuddha meM mArA thA, ke prapautra paramezvara varmana dvitIya ( I0 720 - 731 ) kA zAsana thA / bhISaNa yuddha ke pazcAt kAMcirAja Page #684 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 626 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -bhAga 3 parAjita huaa| bahuta bar3I dhanarAzi dekara usane saMdhi kI jisase usakA kozabala pUrNataH kSINa ho gyaa| gaMgarAja zrIpuruSa aura usake putra aireyappA dvArA cAlukya yuvarAja ko kI gaI sahAyatA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI ye durdina dekhane par3e haiM, isa prakAra vicAra kara paramezvara varmana (dvitIya) ne zrIpuruSa se pratizodha lene kI bhAvanA se usa para acAnaka hI AkramaNa kara diyaa| villanda nAmaka sthAna para zrIpuruSa kI paramezvara varmana se muThabher3a huI aura zrIpuruSa ne pallavarAja paramezvara varmana ko usa muThabher3a meM mAra ddaalaa| paramezvara varmana kA koI suyogya uttarAdhikArI, mukhya pallava rAjavaMza meM nahIM hone ke kAraNa dUsarI zAkhA ke pallava hiraNyavarmana ke putra nandivarmana (dvitIya) ko prajA ko sammati se rAjA cunA gyaa| isase bhayaMkara gRha-kalaha humA kintu nandivarmana pallavamala una saMkaToM se pAra huaa| yuvarAja vikramAditya dvArA kAMcI para kiyA gayA AkramaNa vastutaH pallava rAjavaMza ko sadA ke liye samApta kara dene vAlA vajraprahAra thaa| nandivarmana ko vikrama ne parAjita kiyA, kucha samaya taka kAMcI para apanA adhikAra bhI rakhA kintu bar3I hI udAratApUrNa sUjhabUjha se kAma liyaa| usane kisI ko kisI bhI prakAra kI kSati pahuMcAnA to dUra bar3I udAratA ke sAtha dAna dekara prajAjanoM ko saMtuSTa kiyaa| kailAzanAtha ke mandira aura anya mandiroM se jo maraNoM sonA nagara para adhikAra karate samaya liyA gayA thA, vaha saba sonA yuvarAja vikrama ne una mandiroM ko lauTA diyA / yaha saba vRtAnta caulukya yuvarAja ne kailAzanAtha mandira ke eka stambha para udra kita krvaayaa| usane caulukya rAjavaMza ke bhAla para jo yaha kalaMka kA TIkA lagA thA- "pallavarAja narasiMha varmana ne bAdAmI para eka bAra adhikAra kara liyA thA"-usa kalaMka ke TIke ko dho ddaalaa| yaha ghaTanA I0 san 740 ke Asa-pAsa kI hai| tadanantara vikramAditya (dvitIya) kAMcI kA zAsana nandivarmana pallavamalla ko samhalA kara sadalabala bAdAmI lauTaH aayaa| isake zAsanakAla meM bhI zAnti aura samRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha mandiroM Adi ke nirmANa kArya meM vastutaH ullekhanIya abhivRddhi huii| cAlukya samrATa vikrama (dvitIya) ke pazcAt usakA putra kIrtivarmana bAdAmI ke rAjasiMhAsana para I0 san 744 meM baiThA / isake kula milAkara sAta-ATha varSa ke zAsanakAla meM bAdAmI kA pratApI rAjya nirantara kSINa evaM nirbala hotA gyaa| vastutaH yaha bAdAmI ke cAlukya zAsakavaMza kA antima rAjA siddha huaa| isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki vajraToM, coloM, pANDayoM aura rASTrakUToM ke sAtha ise aneka bAra yuddhoM meM ulajhanA pdd'aa| Page #685 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 627 sarvaprathama kIrtivarmana kA saMgharSa pANDaya rAjA mADavarmana-rAjasiMha (prathama) se usa samaya humA jabaki vaha pANDya * rAjya ke vistAra ke abhiyAna meM cAlukya rAjya kI sImA ke kSetroM para adhikAra kara rahA thaa| pANDyarAja ne venbAi ke nirNAyaka yuddha meM kIrtivarmana aura gaMgarAja zrI puruSa ko parAjita kiyaa| pANDyarAja ne gaMgavaMza kI rAjakumArI kA vivAha apane putra ke sAtha karavAne kI svIkRti hastagata karane ke pazcAt kIrtivarmana aura zrI puruSa se saMdhi kii| rASTakaTa vaMza ke 6The rAjA dantidurga ne jisa prakAra bAdAmI ke cAlukya rAjya para kIrtivarmana ke zAsanakAla meM bhISaNa prahAra kiye unakA vivaraNa rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ke paricaya meM prastuta grantha meM diyA jA cukA hai| Page #686 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rASTrakUTa rAjA danti durga vIra ni0 saM0 1257 se 1280 taka mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjasiMhAsana para isa rAjavaMza ke 6The zAsaka danti durga apara nAma : - (1) dantivarmA, (2) khaDgAvaloka, (3) pRthvIvallabha, (4) vairamegha, aura (5) sAhasaturaMga kA adhikAra rahA / yaha bar3A pratApI rAjA thaa| sabhI itihAsavid ise rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ko eka zaktizAlI rAjya kA rUpa dene vAlA mAnate haiM / digambarAcArya akalaMka ne isakI rAjasabhA meM upasthita ho ise eka mahAn vijetA aura dAniyoM meM mahAdAnI batAkara isakI prazaMsA kI thI / isane I0 san 742 meM elorA para adhikAra kiyA / dantidurga ne mAlava, gurjara, kozala, kaliMga, aura zrIzailam pradeza ke telugu - cola rAjAoM ko kramazaH eka eka kara ke yuddha meM parAjita kara apanA prajJAvartI banAyA / tadanantara vaha kAMcI kI ora bar3hA aura kAMcipati nandivarmana pallavamala ke sAtha apanI putrI rekhA kA vivAha kiyaa| apanI zakti ko sudRr3ha kara lene ke pazcAt usane cAlukyarAja kIrtivarmana para apanI mRtyu se lagabhaga eka varSa pUrva AkramaNa kara use antima rUpa se parAjita kiyA / cAlukyarAja ko parAjita karane ke pazcAt dantidurga ne apane Apako dakSiNApatha kA sArvabhauma sattAsampanna rAjA ghoSita kiyA / dantidurga jinazAsana ke abhyudaya, pracAra-prasAra ke kAryoM meM bar3I ruci letA thA aura vaha parama jinabhakta thA / } isake rekhA nAma kI eka putrI ke atirikta koI santati nahIM thI / isI kAraNa isakI ke mRtyu pazcAt isakA pitRvya (cAcA) kRSNa prathama mAnyakheTa ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / Page #687 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNa (prathama) vIra ni0 saM0 1280 se 1305 taka rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA kRSNa prathama kA vizAla rASTrakUTa rAjya para zAsana rahA / yaha rASTrakUTa vaMza ke pAMcaveM rAjA indra kA choTA bhAI aura chaThe rAjA dantidurga kA pitRvya thaa| kRSNa prathama ne bhI apane 25varSa ke zAsanakAla meM rASTrakaTa rAjya kI cAroM dizAoM meM sImAvRddhi kii| manne nAmaka grAma ke narahariyappa ke adhikAra meM rahe tAmrapatroM para uTaMkita lekha (saM0 123) meM isa mahArAjA kRSNa ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita ullekha vidyamAna hai : "yazcAlukyakulAdanUnavibudhAdhArAzrayAda vAridheH, lakSmI mandaravat salIlamacirAdAkRSTavAn vallabhaH / arthAt-binA cakra isa rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA kRSNa ne bar3e bar3e buddhimAnoM ke prAdhArabhUta cAlukya kUla rUpI samudra se usakI rAjyalakSmI ko balapUrvaka usI prakAra khIMca liyA jisa prakAra ki samudramanthana ke samaya mandarAcala kI mathanI dvArA sAgara tanayA bhagavatI lakSmI ko sAgara se nikAla liyA gayA thaa|' __ kRSNa ne koMkaNa para adhikAra kara vahAM zilAhAravaMzIya rAjakumAra ko sAmanta ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyaa| isane gaMga rAjya para AkramaNa kiyaa| gaMgarAja zrIpuruSa ko raNAMgaNa meM parAjita kara use apanA adhInastha rAjA bnaayaa| kRSNa ne apane bar3e putra govinda ko eka bar3I senA ke sAtha veMgI ke cAlukya rAjA ko vaza meM karane ke lie bhejaa| veMgI ke rAjA vijayAditya prathama ne rAjakumAra govinda ke samakSa upasthita ho binA kisI saMgharSa ke hI rASTrakUTa rAjya kI adhInatA svIkAra kara lii| kRSNa ke goviMda aura dhra va nAmaka do putra the / dhrava ko zilAlekhoM meM dhora ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai ! rAjA kRSNa ne elapura (elorA) meM eka prati bhavya zivamandira kA nirmANa karavAyA / I0 san 772 meM kRSNa kA dehAvasAna ho gyaa| ' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, pR. 125 Page #688 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ samATa lalitAditya-muktApIr3a vIra nirvANa kI terahavIM zatAbdI meM kAzmIra ke rAjasiMhAsana para kArakoTa athavA nAgavaMza kA rAjA lalitAditya baiThA / yaha kannauja ke mahArAjAdhirAja yazovarmana kA samakAlIna mahArAjA thA / jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai yazovarmana I0 sana 700 ke lagabhaga kannauja ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yazovarmana jaba pUrva pazcima aura dakSiNa dizAmoM meM bhArata kI antima sImAoM taka digvijaya kara eka vizAla evaM zaktizAlI kannauja rAjya ko sugaThita kara cukA thA, usa samaya lalitAditya kAzmIra rAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / jisa samaya yazovarmana uttara dizA meM digvijaya karatA hA bar3hA, usa samaya araboM aura tibbatavAsiyoM ne bhArata kI uttarI sImAmoM para apanI prAkrAmaka gatividhiyAM saMbhavata: thor3I teja kara dI thIM / paraboM aura tibbatavAsiyoM kA bhArata kI sImAoM para dabAva saMbhavataH I0 san 730-31 ke AsapAsa bar3hane lgaa| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai yazovarmana bhArata para pAne vAle videzI prAkramaNa ke saMkaTa se cintita huprA aura usane cIna ke samrATa se apane eka pratinidhimaMDala ke mAdhyama se I0 sam 731 meM prArthanA kI ki ve bhArata para saMbhAvita videzI AkramaNa se bhArata kI rakSA meM sahAyatA pradAna kreN| isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki bhArata para pAne vAle isa bhAvI saMkaTa ke sambandha meM bhArata kI uttarI sImA para pravasthita kAzmIra rAjya ke mahArAjA lalitAditya se bhI vicAra vinimaya kiyA gyaa| bhArata kI videzI AkramaNoM se rakSA ke punIta kArya ko saMgaThita rUpa se kiyA jAya, isa vicAra se yazovarmana ne lalitAditya se maitrI kI / kucha samaya taka ye donoM rAjA sammilita rUpa se isa punIta kArya ko karate bhI rahe the aura usI samaya meM kisI kSetra vizeSa para apanA apanA prAdhipatya sthApita karane kA prayAsa karate samaya lalitAditya aura yazovarmana ke bIca manomAlinya utpanna ho gayA aura yaha manamuTAva dhIre-dhIre saMgharSa kA rUpa dhAraNa karane lgaa| aisA AbhAsa kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI se hotA hai / donoM rAjAoM ke bIca isa prakAra kI saMgharSAtmaka sthiti saMbhavataH I0 san 736 ke pazcAt hI kisI samaya utpanna huI hogI kyoMki I0 san 736 meM lalitAditya ne bhI apanA pratinidhimaNDala cIna ke samrATa ke pAsa bheja kara araboM aura tibbatiyoM kI bhArata kI sImA para gatividhiyoM ko rokane kI jo prArthanA kI thI usameM usane cIna ke samrATa se yaha bhI nivedana karavAyA thA ki yazovarmana usakA mitra rAjA hai| ___yazovarmana dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM ke paricaya meM yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki rAjataraMgiNI meM kalhaNa ke ullekhAnusAra lalitAditya aura yazovarmana ke bIca Page #689 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 631 utpanna hue usa saMgharSa ko samApta karane ke lie eka saMdhipatra bhI likhakara taiyAra kiyA gayA thA kintu ahamaka mantriyoM kI adUradarzitA ke pariNAmasvarUpa usa saMdhipatra para donoM rAjAoM ke saMdhivigrahikoM ke hastAkSara nahIM ho sake aura vaha saMdhi kA prayAsa bhayaMkara yuddha ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gyaa| isa sambandha meM pramANAbhAva meM nizcita rUpa se to kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki donoM rAjAoM kI senAoM ke bIca yuddha chir3a jAne para lalitAditya kI ora se apratyAzita mAkasmika mAkramaNa aura apane rAjya kI sImAoM se dUrastha pahAr3I pradeza kI pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa yazovarmana kI vijayinI senAmoM ko apUraNIya bhayAvaha kSati uThAnI par3I aura yazovarmana ko apane rAjya kI ora lauTane ke lie bAdhya honA pdd'aa| yazovarmana kI senAmoM ko kannauja kI ora lauTate dekha kAzmIrI senAmoM kA manobala bar3hanA sahaja svAbhAvika hI thaa| isakA pariNAma yaha humA ki yazovarmana kI sainyazakti naSTaprAya: ho jAne se prora naI kUmUka samaya para nahIM pahuMca pAne se yazovarmana kI yuddha meM parAjaya huI aura lalitAditya vijayI humA / svayaM kalhaNa ne rAjataraMgiraNI meM likhA hai ki magadha evaM baMgAla ke gaur3a mahArAjA ko lalitAditya ne vizvAsa dekara kAzmIra meM apane ghara para balAkara usakI hatyA karavAdI aura apane jIvana para kalaMka kA amiTa kAlA TIkA lagA liyA / lalitAditya ke vizvAsaghAta parAyaNa jIvana ko dekhate hue yaha mAzaMkA karanA sahaja svAbhAvika hI hai ki usane kannojarAja yazovarmana ke sAtha bhI isI prakAra kA vizvAsaghAta kiyA hogaa| yazovarmana kI parAjaya ke pazcAt lalitAditya kI vijayavAhinI nirantara eka ke pazcAt dUsare pradeza meM bar3hatI hI rahI / pratirodha karane vAlI koI zakti thI hI nahIM, isa kAraNa yazovarmana dvArA lagabhaga cAlIsa varSoM ke apane vijaya abhiyAnoM dvArA upArjita vizAla rAjya lalitAditya ko sahaja hI prApta ho gyaa| isa prakAra gupta sAmrAjya ke lagabhaga DhAI zataka pazcAt lalitAditya eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya kI sthApanA meM saphala humA / guptoM ke pazcAt bhArata kA yahI ekamAtra mantima samrAT humaa| IzA kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ke, kAzmIra rAjya ke rAjakavi, vidvAn evaM yazasvI itihAsajJa kavi kalhaNa ne apane prAtyantika aitihAsika mahatva ke kAvyagrantha "rAjataraMgiNI" meM kAzmIra rAjya kA kaniSka se bhI pUrvavartI kAla se prArambha kara apane samaya taka kA itihAsa likhA hai| rAjataraMgiraNI meM ullikhita kAzmIra ke itihAsa ko dekhakara vidvAn itihAsajJoM kI yaha mAnyatA bana gaI hai ki bhArata ke vibhinna prAcIna rAjyoM meM kAzmIra hI eka aisA rAjya hai, jisakA ki prAcIna kAla se itihAsa ekatra likhita rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| Page #690 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 kAzmIra kavi kalhaNa ne rAjataraMgiNI meM jo kAzmIra rAjya kA prAcIna itihAsa nibaddha kiyA hai, usameM prArambhika katipaya zatAbdiyoM kA itihAsa loka kathAsoM bhaura kiMvadantiyoM ke AdhAra para hI likhA gayA hai, kyoMki sudIrgha pratIta kI aitihAsika sAmagrI kalhaNa ko upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hogI / itihAsalekhana kI kalA meM niSNAta kalharaNa ne itihAsalekhana ke niyamoM kA nirvahana kiyA hai / usa prAcIna kAla kI ghaTanAoM kA jo vivaraNa kalhaNa ne likhA hai, usakA prAdhAra adhikAMzataH loka kathAeM, kiMvadantiyAM evaM janazra utiyAM hI rahIM haiM, isI kAraNa kalharaNa dvArA prastuta kiye gaye kAzmIra ke itihAsa kA prAcIna kAla kA pUrvabhAga, jisameM gonanda rAjavaMza kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha asaMbhAvyatA, anizcitatA Adi aneka doSoM se pralipta hone se vizvasanIya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / isase zrAge IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI se kalhaNa ne kAzmIra kA itihAsa likhA hai, vaha katipaya sAdhAraNa ghaTanAoM ko chor3akara zeSa itihAsa vastutaH itihAsa ke dRSTikoNa se saMtoSaprada zraura paryApta rUpeNa vizvasanIya kahA jA sakatA hai / 632 ] apane prazrayadAtA rAjavaMza ko sarvazreSTha aura rAjocita sabhI guNoM se pralaMkRta batAne kA moha eka prAzrita itihAsa lekhaka meM honA sahaja saMbhava hai / usa dazA meM isa prakAra ke lekhana meM atizayoktiyoM kA bhI bAhulya apekSita hI rahatA hai / itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI kalhaNa ne apane se lagabhaga cAra sau sAr3he cAra sau varSa pUrva hue kAzmIra ke mahApratApI mahArAjA aura bhArata ke samrAT lalitAditya dvArA vizvAsaghAta jaise jaghanya aparAdha kA grAzraya lete hue gaur3a rAjA kI kAzmIra meM bulAkara hatyA karavA dIgaI, usa ghaTanA ko lalitAditya ke jIvana para kalaMka kA kAlA dhabbA batAyA hai / jisa mUrti kI zapatha grahaNa karate hue lalitAditya ne gaur3arAja ko sabhI bhAMti kI surakSA kA vizvAsa dilAte hue use kAzmIra meM bulAyA thA aura lalitAditya dvArA vizvAsaghAta kiye jAne ke anantara jina baMgAlI yuvakoM ne baMgAla se kAzmIra taka kI una dinoM ati kaSTa bharI sAhasika yAtrA kara apane rAjA kI vizvAsaghAta pUrvaka hatyA kA pratizodha lene ke lie kAzmIra ke rAjamandira kI mUrti ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara DAle the, unakI sAhasikatA aura svAmibhakti kI bhI kalhaNa ne rAjataraMgiraNI meM bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| bar3I sAhasikatA ke sAtha binA kisI pakSapAta ke eka aitihAsika ghaTanA kA yathAtathya rUpeNa Alekhana kara kalharaNa ne itihAsalekhana ke mahatvapUrNa kartavya kA samyak rIti se nirvahana kara itihAsa jagat meM mahatI pratiSThA evaM kIrti prajita kI hai / kalhaNa ne "rAjataraMgiNI" meM kAzmIra kA jo itihAsa likhA hai, usakA sArAMza nimna hai - kAzmIra para prAcIna kAla meM gonanda rAjavaMza kA rAjya thA / usameM eka gonandavaMzI rAjA ne 300 varSa taka rAjya kiyA aura usake pazcAt usake vaMzaja Page #691 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 633 kramaza: do rAjAoM ne 80 varSa taka rAjya kiyA, jo ki donoM sahodara the| usa yazasvI gonandavaMza kA antima rAjA bAlAditya humA / gonandavaMza ke antima kAzmIrarAja bAlAditya ke eka putrI ke atirikta anya koI santati nahIM huI / ataH usane apanI ikalautI putrI kA vivAha karakoTa nAmaka nAgavaMza ke durlabhavarddhana nAmaka rAjakumAra ke sAtha kara apane jIvana ke saMdhyAkAla. meM IsvI san 627 meM apane jAmAtA durlabhavarddhana kA kAzmIra ke rAjasiMhAsana para rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA / yahI durlabhavarddhana kAzmIra meM karakoTa nAgavaMza-rAjya kA saMsthApaka athavA prathama rAjA hA / harSavarddhana ke parama prItipAtra cInI yAtrI hanatsAMga ne apanI kAzmIra yAtrA ke saMsmaraNoM meM likhA hai ki mahArAja durlabhavarddhana kA kAzmIra rAjya ke atirikta takSazilA, pUca, rAjorI, urSA (hajArA jilA) aura lavaNa---utpAdana kSetra siMhapura-ina pAMca bar3e-bar3e kSetroM para bhI zAsana thaa| durlabhavarddhana kA kAzmIra rAjya para 36 varSa taka zAsana rahA / usake pazcAt usakA putra durlabhaka 50 varSa taka kAzmIra rAjya para zAsana karatA rahA / ina donoM pitA putra kA zAsanakAla zAntipUrNa rhaa| inake zAsanakAla meM kisI aitihAsika mahatva ko ghaTanA ke ghaTita hone kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| mahArAjA durlabhaka ke pazcAt usakA bar3A pUtra candrApIr3a kAzmIra ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / candrApIr3a ne apane rAjya kI sImA ke pAra araboM kI bar3hatI haI gatividhiyoM ke samAcAra pA cIna-samrATa ke pAsa apanA dUta bhejakara araboM ke saMbhAvita AkramaNa ke viruddha sainika sahAyatA pradAna karane ke lie nivedana krvaayaa| isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki saMbhavataH usa samaya taka muhammadinna kAsima kAzmIra rAjya kI somAoM ke Asa-pAsa pahuMca gayA thA / cIna se candrApIr3a ko kisI prakAra kI sahAyatA prApta nahIM huI aura usane apanI zakti ke bala para hI araboM ke chuTapuTa AkramaNoM ko viphala kara diyaa| usI samaya araba ke khalIphAoM ne araba senAoM ke sAtha muhammadina kAsima athavA anya kisI senApati ko punaH araba meM balA liyA aura araba pahuMcate hI muslima senApati kI mRtyu ho gaI / isase candrApIr3a ko apanI surakSAtmaka sthiti sudRr3ha karane kA avasara milaa| rAjA candrApIr3a bar3A hI dayAlu aura nyAyapriya zAsaka thaa| isakI nyAyapriyatA aura dayAlutA kI aneka loka kathAeM kalhaNa ke samaya taka kAzmIra meM pracalita rhiiN| unameM se usakI nyAyapriyatA kI eka ghaTanA kA kavi kalhaNa ne rAjataraMgiNI meM ullekha kiyA hai, jo na kevala zAsaka varga ko hI apitu sarvasAdhAraNa ko sadA nyAya-patha para hI agrasara hote rahane kI preraNA detI hai| kAzmIrI vidvAna itihAsakAra kavi kalhaNa ke zabdoM meM vaha ghaTanA isa prakAra hai :--- eka samaya mahArAjA candrApIr3a ne eka vizAla evaM bhavya mandira banAne kA apane mantriyoM ko Adeza diyaa| rAjAjJAnusAra mandira kA nirmANa kArya Page #692 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 634 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 kara diyA gayA / jisa sthAna para mandira kA nirmANa kiyA jA rahA thA, vahA~ eka garIba kisAna kI jhauMpar3I khar3I huI thI / rAjyAdhikAriyoM ne usa kisAna ko kahA ki vaha usa jhoMpar3I meM se apanA sAmAna haTAkara kahIM anyatra jhauMpar3I banA le / usa kisAna ne rAjyAdhikAriyoM se spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA ki vaha kisI bhI dazA meM usa par3I ko nahIM chor3egA / anta meM yaha bAta mahArAja candrApIr3a taka pahuMcI / unhoMne bar3e dhyAna se apane rAjyAdhikAriyoM kI pUrI bAta sunane ke pazcAt apane adhikAriyoM ko hI doSI ThaharAte hue prAkrozapUrNa zabdoM meM kahA -- "usa kisAna kI jhauMpar3I tuma usakI icchA ke viruddha nahIM le sakate / nirmANa kArya ko banda kara kisI anya sthAna para mandira banAyA jAya / usa kisAna ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra kA anyAya nahIM kiyA jAya / " usa kisAna ne bhI rAjA ke samakSa upasthita ho nivedana kiyA- "mahArAja ! merI jhoMpar3I, mere janma ke samaya se hI mujhe merI janmadAyinI mAM ke samAna priya rahI hai ! vastutaH merI jhoMpar3I mere acche aura bure dinoM kI, sukha-duHkha kI saMginI hai | ataH maiM yaha nahIM dekha sakatA ki merI AMkhoM ke sammukha hI use ukhAr3a kara pheMka diyA jAya / " mahArAjA candrApIr3a ne sAntvanA bhare svaroM meM Azvasta kiyA ki usakI icchA ke viparIta koI usakI jhauMpar3I kA sparza bhI nahIM kara sakegA / kisAna apane rAjA kI nyAyapriyatA se bar3A hI prabhAvita huA / usane rAjaprAsAda se apanI par3I kI prora lauTate samaya logoM se kahA - "yadi mahArAja svayaM merI jhoMpar3I para kara mandira ke nirmANa ke lie merI jhauMpar3I kI mujhase mAMga kareM to maiM apanI par3I mandira ke lie de sakatA huuN|" kisAna ke isa kathana kI sUcanA milate hI kAzmIra narezvara candrApIr3a tatkAla usa kisAna kI jhauMpar3I para gayA, kisAna se usa jhauMpar3I kI mAMga kI / kisAna ne saharSa apanI jhauMpar3I rAjA ko mandira ke nirmANa ke lie de dI / candrApIr3a ne usa kisAna ko usakI jhauMpar3I ke badale vipula dhanarAzi pradAna kI / isa prakAra kI dayAlutA aura nyAyapriyatA ke pariNAmasvarUpa candrApIr3a ko usakI prajA use antarmana se cAhatI thI aura usakI kIrti usake rAjya se bahuta dUra-dUra taka prasRta ho gaI thI / eka bAra candrApIr3a ne eka brAhmaNa ko usake isa aparAdha se daNDita kiyA ki usane tAntrika mAraNa vidyA ke anuSThAna se eka dUsare brAhmaNa kI hatyA kara dI thI / daNDita hone ke kAraNa vaha jAdUgara brAhmaNa candrApIr3a para mana hI mana bar3A kruddhaM huA | candrApIr3a ke choTe bhAI tArApIr3a ne ise apane hita meM ucita avasara samajhakara usa brAhmaNa kI krodhAgni ko aura adhika bhar3akAte hue usa tAntrika Page #693 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 635 brAhmaNa ko isa bAta ke lie pralobhana Adi se protsAhita kiyA ki vaha candrApIr3a para apane mAraNa anuSThAna kA prayoga kare / usa brAhmaNa ne candrApIr3a para apane jAdU mAraraNa anuSThAna (mUTha ) kA prayoga kiyA aura usase candrApIr3a kI mRtyu ho gaI / isa prakAra kevala sAr3he ATha varSa ke svalpa zAsanakAla meM hI vipula kIrti arjita kara nyAya-nItiparAyaNa rAjA candrApIr3a apane sahodara kI durabhisaMdhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa isa saMsAra se uTha gayA / candrApIr3a ke pazcAt usakA choTA bhAI tArApIr3a kAzmIra kA rAjA banA / vaha bar3A hI krUra aura duSTa prakRti kA rAjA thaa| usake atyAcAroM se prajA meM trAhi-trAhi maca gii| kintu cAra varSa taka hI usakA krUratApUrNa zAsana rahA aura usakI mRtyu ho gaI / tArApIr3a kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA choTA bhAI lalitAditya apara nAma muktApIr3a lagabhaga I0 san 724 meM kAzmIra ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna huA / lalitAditya kA apara nAma muktApIr3a thaa| kAzmIra ke rAjAoM meM yaha sabase pratApI yazasvI, raNanItiniSNAta aura bhAgyavAn rAjA huA / kannauja ke rAjAdhirAja yazovarmana ke paricaya meM prasaMgavazAt isake jIvanavRtta para lagabhaga pUrI taraha prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai / kannauja ke, rAjasiMhAsana para yazovarmana I0 san 700 ke Asa-pAsa aura kAzmIra ke rAjasiMhAsana para lalitAditya I0 san 724 meM baiThA aura saMbhavataH I0 san 732-33 ke AsapAsa ina donoM rAjAoM meM sauhArdapUrNa saMparka huA / araboM aura tibbatiyoM ke saMbhAvita AkramaNoM se bhArata kI rakSA ke lie ina donoM rAjAnoM ne milakara kucha samaya taka sammilita prayAsa bhI kiye / kintu, jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ina donoM kI maitrI svalpa kAla meM hI zatrutA meM parigata ho gii| donoM rAjAoM meM katipaya varSoM taka yuddha bhI calatA rhaa| yuddha ke pazcAt prasthAI zAnti huI, sandhi ke prayAsa kiye gaye, sandhipatra bhI likhakara taiyAra kara liyA gayA, kintu "hama bar3e, tuma choTe" -- isa choTI sI bAta ko lekara sandhi ke prayAsa viphala hue / ghora yuddha huA aura usa yuddha meM yazovarmana kI parAjaya ho jAne ke kAraNa lagabhaga 35-36 varSa ke apane zAsanakAla meM yazovarmana ne jo-jo kArya kiye, zatruoM kA saMhAra kara eka vizAla sudRr3ha evaM sazakta kannauja rAjya kI sthApanA kI thI, yazovarmana ke usa sudIrghakAlIna kaThora parizrama kA phala sahaja hI lalitAditya ko mila gayA / yazovarmana para vijaya prApta kara lene ke pazcAt lalitAditya ne kannauja nagara para aura cAroM dizAoM meM dUra-dUra taka phaile vizAla kannauja rAjya para adhikAra kiyA aura vaha bhArata kA zaktizAlI samrAT banA / kalhaNa ke ullekhAnusAra lalitAditya jIvana bhara vijaya abhiyAnoM meM hI saMlagna rahA / yazovarmana ko yuddha meM parAsta karane ke pazcAt kalharaNa ke ullekhA Page #694 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 nusAra lalitAditya ne magadha, kaliMga, karnATaka, koMkaNa, gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, dvArikA, pravanti Adi kI apanI vijayI senAoM ke sAtha vijaya yAtrA kii| tadanantara usane kambojoM, tibbatiyoM aura darada Adi pahAr3I AdivAsI jAtiyoM ko apane vaza meM kiyA / kalhaNa ne lalitAditya ke liye tIna bAra ullekha kiyA hai ki usane mammuni ko parAjita kiyaa| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha koI araba AkrAntA thaa| lalitAditya ke zAsanakAla meM araboM kA bhArata kI uttarI sImAoM para mUkhyataH kAzmIra kI sImAoM para bar3A dabAva thA aura kAMgar3A para to araboM ne usa samaya eka bAra adhikAra bhI kara liyA thaa| lalitAditya ne una araboM ko burI taraha parAjita kara paMjAba kI araboM se rakSA kii| kalhaNa dvArA rAjataraMgiNI meM ullikhita lalitAditya kI ina vijayoM kI puSTi karane vAle pramANoM ke abhAva meM sunizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vizAla bhArata ke apane suvizAla sAmrAjya kI Aya kA paryAptarUpeNa acchA 'aza lalitAditya ne kAzmIra kI rAjadhAnI ko sundaratama banAne meM vyaya kiyaa| lalitAditya dvArA kAzmIra kI rAjadhAnI meM nirmApita mArtaNDa mandira usa samaya kI zreSTha kalAkRti kA pratIka hai| ___ kalhaNa ne rAjataraMgiNI meM jahAM lalitAditya ke zaurya evaM usake dvArA kI gaI digvijayoM kI prazaMsA kI, vahAM sAtha hI lalitAditya ke do avaguNoM kA yathAtathyarUpeNa digdarzana karAne meM itihAsa lekhaka ke kartavya kA bhI bhalIbhAMti nirvahana kiyA hai| kalhaNa ne likhA hai ki lalitAditya ke yazasvI jIvana para do kAle dhabbe haiM / pahalA to yaha ki eka samaya madirApAna kara madonmatta avasthA meM lalitAditya ne apame mantriyoM ko AjJA dI ki ve tatkAla, kAzmIra rAjya ke sundara nagara pravarapura ko agni meM jalAkara bhasma kara deN| maMtriyoM ne yaha jAnate hue bhI ki lalitAditya kI AjJA kA ullaMghana mRtyu ko nimantraNa dene tulya hai, usakI AjJA ko usake samakSa zirodhArya kara lene para bhI usa nagara ko nahIM jlaayaa| surA kA nazA samApta hone para lalitAditya ko apanI usa mUrkhatA para bar3A pazcAttApa huA aura jaba use batAyA gayA ki vastutaH nagara ko nahIM jalAyA gayA hai to vaha bar3A prasanna huaa| __ lalitAditya ke jIvana para lage eka bar3e kalaMka ke sambandha meM kalhaNa ne likhA hai ki lalitAditya ne viSNuparihAsa kezava kI mati kI sAkSI se gaur3a rAja ko vizvAsa dilAyA thA ki usake sAtha sabhI bhAMti sundara vyavahAra kiyA jaaygaa| isa vizvAsa ke sAtha usane gaur3arAja ko kAzmIra bulAyA kintu usake kAzmIra Page #695 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravarttI prAcArya ] [ 637 Ane para usake sAtha vizvAsaghAta kara usakI hatyA karavA dI / kalhaNa ne likhA hai ki yaha usake jIvana para bahuta bar3A kalaMka thA / vizvAsaghAta kI isa sUcanA ke milate hI gaur3arAja ke thor3e se svAmibhakta baMgAlI yuvakoM ne baMgAla se kAzmIra kI yAtrA kI aura vahAM rAjamandira meM balapUrvaka praveza kara vahA~ rakhI huI viSNurAmAsvAmin kI mUrti ko viSNu parihAsa kezava kI mUrti samajha kara usake Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara DAle / usI samaya kAzmIra ke sainika maMdira meM A pahuMce aura unhoMne una saba baMgAlI yuvakoM ko talavAroM ke prahAroM se khaNDaza: kATa-kATa kara mauta ke ghATa utAra diyaa| isa ghaTanA para TippaNI karate hue kalhaNa ne una adbhutazauryazAlI svAmibhakta vIra baMgAlI yuvakoM ko zraddhAJjali samarpita karate hue likhA hai : " apane mRta rAjA ke prati una baMgAlI vIra yuvakoM kI pragAr3ha svAmibhakti kI, aura unakI itanI kaThina aura lambI yAtrA kI kahAM taka prazaMsA kI jAya / rAmAsvAmI kI mUrti Aja dina taka usa mandira meM pratiSThApita na kiye jAne kI dRSTi se vaha mandira to Aja bhI sUnA hai kintu una vIra svAmibhakta gaur3a yuvakoM ke yaza se samasta saMsAra zrotaprota hai / " kalharaNa ke kathanAnusAra pUrva se pazcima taka aura dakSiNa se uttara taka vizAla bhArata kA samrATa lalitAditya I0 san 665 se 732, arthAt 37 varSo taka zAsana karane ke pazcAt mRtyu ko prApta huA / itihAsavettA kaniMghama ne cIna meM upalabdha etadviSayaka pramANoM ke AdhAra para lalitAditya kA samaya I0 san 724 se 760 taka mAnA hai / lalitAditya ne bhArata ko eka sArvabhauma sattA sampanna kendrIya zAsana dekara kucha samaya ke liye bhArata ko eka sazakta rASTra kA rUpa diyA kintu usake pazcAt na to usake uttarAdhikAriyoM meM hI aura na bhArata ke dUsare rAjyoM meM hI aisA pratApI rAjA huA jo bhArata ko ekatA ke zAsana sUtra meM zrAbaddha rakha sakatA / lalitAditya kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhArata ke antima samrATa lalitAditya kA sAmrAjya vighaTita ho punaH choTe-choTe rAjyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / Page #696 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 41veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI devasena svAmI / / / / 58 varSa / / janma vIra ni. saM. 1217 dIkSA vIra ni. saM. 1275 prAcArya pada vIra ni. saM. 1266 svargArohaNa vIra ni. saM. 1324 gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 24 varSa AcArya paryAya 25 varSa pUrNa sAghu paryAya 46 varSa pUrNa Ayu 107 varSa vIra ni. saM. 1266 meM vIra prabhU ke 403 paTTadhara prAcArya zrI rAja RSi ke divaMgata hone para 82 varSa kI avasthA ke vayovRddha evaM jJAnavRddha munivara zrI devasena svAmI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 41veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gyaa| / / Page #697 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 42veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI zaMkara sena janma vIra ni. saM. 1236 dIkSA vIra ni. saM. 1284 prAcArya pada vIra ni. saM. 1324 svargArohaNa vIra ni. saM. 1354 gRhavAsa paryAya 45 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 40 varSa AcArya paryAya 30 varSa pUrNa sAdhu paryAya 70 varSa pUrNa prAyu 115 varSa prabhu mahAvIra ke 41veM (ikattAlIsaveM) paTTadhara prAcArya zrI devasena svAmI ke vIra ni saM 1324 meM divaMgata hone para jJAna vRddha vayovRddha muni zrI zaMkara sena ko caturvidha saMgha ne zAsanapati zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 42veM paTTadhara prAcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| ina dIrghAyuSka munIzvara ne apanI 70 varSa kI vrataparyAya meM 30 varSa taka prAcArya pada ke gurutara bhAra kA niSThA evaM kuzalatA pUrvaka nirvahana karate hue jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| Page #698 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 343 yugapradhAnAcArya zrI mADhara saMbhUti janma vIra ni. saM. 1260 dIkSA vIra ni. saM. 1270 sAmAnya vrataparyAya vIra ni. saM. 1270-1300 yugapradhAnAcAryakAla vIra ni. saM. 1300-1360 svarga vIra ni. saM. 1360 sarvAyu 100 varSa, 5 mAsa aura 5 dina 'dussamA samaNa saMgha thayaM' aura usakI pravacUri ke antargata 'dvitIyodaya yuga pradhAna yantram' ke ullekhAnusAra saMbhUti ko 33vAM aura mADhara saMbhUti ko 34vAM yugapradhAnAcArya mAnA gayA hai| kintu titthogAlI painnaya meM ullekha hai ki vastutaH mAr3hara saMbhUti 33veM yugapradhAnAcArya the aura saMbhati 34veM / prAmANika evaM prAcIna grantha-'titthogAlI painnaya' ke ullekhoM ko yadi sabala pramANa mAnA jAya to saMbhUti kA 34veM yugapradhAna ke rUpa meM paricaya diyA jAnA caahiye| yadi titthogAlI painnaya meM prajjava yati ke nAma se abhihita zramaNavara ko yugapradhAnAcArya saMbhUti mAna liyA jAya to ve gaDhArtha sahita sampUrNa sthAnAMga sUtra ke dhAraka the / zramaraNa zreSTha saMbhUti ke vIra ni. saM. 1350 athavA 1360 meM svargastha hote hI sthAnAMga sUtra ke bRhadAkAra kA hrAsa, prAkuMcana athavA vyavaccheda ho gyaa| etadviSayaka tityogAlI painnaya kI gAthA isa prakAra hai : terasa parisa satehi, paNNAsa samahiehi bocchedo| prajjava jatissa maraNe, ThANassa jiNehiM nidicho / (816) arthAta :-vIra ni. saM. 1350 meM prArjava yati (saMbhUta) ke divaMgata hone para sthAnAMga sUtra kA vyavaccheda (hrAsa) honA jinezvaroM (tIrthaGkaroM) ne batAyA hai| itihAsa ke vidvAnoM se isa sambandha meM samucita zodha. kI apekSA hai| Page #699 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAcArya vIrabhadra vIra nirvANa kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM vIra bhadra nAmaka eka prAcArya hue haiM / ve kisa gaccha ke the, unake guru kauna the aura unakI ziSya paramparA meM unake paTTadhara kauna-kauna hue isa sambandha meM koI prAmANika jAnakArI hameM upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai| kuvalaya mAlA kI prazasti se inake sambandha meM itanA hI paricaya prApta hotA hai ki ve siddhAntoM ke apane samaya ke marmajJa vidvAn prAcArya the aura udyotanasUri ne jAlaura meM rahakara unake pAsa siddhAntoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| inake sambandha meM yaha bhI prasiddhi hai ki jAbAlipura (jAlora) meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA eka vizAla, prasiddha evaM bhavya mandira Apake upadeza se banavAyA gyaa| prAcArya vIrabhadrasUri ne kuvalayamAlAkAra udyotana sUri ko zAstroM kA adhyayana krvaayaa| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki ve yAkinI mahattarAsUnu AcArya haribhadrasUri ke samakAlIna aura sambhavataH paryAptarUpeNa vayovRddha AcArya the| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prAcArya haribhadrasUri ne jisa samaya mahAnizItha kI jIrNa-zIrNa, khaNDita-vikhaNDita ekamAtra prati ke AdhAra para mahAnizItha kA punaruddhAra kiyA usa samaya AgamoM ke talasparzI jJAtA ye prAcArya vIrabhadrasUri svargastha ho gaye hoN| yadi aisA nahIM hotA to apane samaya ke jina mahAn vidvAn prAcAryoM ko haribhadra sUri ne mahAnizItha kI svayaM dvArA punaruddharita prati sammatyartha dikhalAI aura jinakA haribhadra sUri ne nAmollekha kiyA hai, unameM ina vIrabhadra sUri kA bhI nAmollekha avazyameva hotaa| AgamoM ke talasparzI jJAna ke dhAraka AcArya vIrabhadra mahAnizItha ke uddhAra taka vidyamAna raheM aura unako haribhadrasUri sammatyartha mahAnizItha kI prati na dikhAyeM, isa bAta para vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra kI paristhiti meM prAcArya vIrabhadra sUri ke samaya ke sambandha meM kuvalayamAlA prazasti ke evaM anumAna ke AdhAra para kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve vIra nirvANa kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka se lekara vIra nirvANa kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke madhyavartI samaya meM prAcAryapada para AsIna rhe| ve nAgendragaccha ke the athavA kisI anya gaccha ke isa sambandha meM Thosa pramANoM ke abhAva meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Page #700 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ udyotana sUri (dAkSiNyacinha) gadya-padya mizrita parama rocaka prasAdapUrNa zailI meM "kuvalayamAlA" nAmaka prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke anupama grantha kA nirmANa kara candrakula hArilagaccha ke AcArya udyotana sUri-apara nAma dAkSiNya cinha ne akSaya kIrti arjita kii| udyotana sUri kA janma kSatriya rAjavaMza meM vIra nirvANa kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke antima caturtha caraNa meM huA thaa| rAjavaMza ke rAjakumAra hone ke kAraNa Apako rAjarSi kahA gayA / mahAdvAra (maDAra) rAjya ke rAjA udyotana ke Apa pautra aura rAjA baTezvara ke putra the| rAjakumAra udyotana ke dakSiNa bhAga meM svastika kA eka prazasta cinha janma kAla se hI thA, isI kAraNa ApakI rAja-parivAra, rAjya aura kAlAntara meM loka meM bhI udyotana sUri ke sAtha dAkSiNya cinha ke nAma se bhI prasiddhi huii| bAlyAvasthA meM rAjakumAra udyotana ko samIcIna rUpa se rAjakumArocita zikSA dI gii| udyotana ke antarmana meM bAlyakAla se hI avyakta cintana kI eka aisI adbhuta vRtti utpanna ho gaI thI jo sAdhAraNataH sAmAnya bAlakoM meM prAya: parilakSita nahIM hotii| cAMcalya, khela-kUda ke prati prabala AkarSaNa, kSaNa-kSaNa meM kisI bhI vastu ke liye macala uThanA, haTha karanA Adi bAla-svabhAva sulabha vRttiyAM bAlaka udyotana meM atIva svalpa mAtrA meM parilakSita hotI thiiN| bAlaka rAjakumAra udyotana kI prArambha se hI adhyayana meM gaharI abhiruci thii| kuzAgra baddhi kizora udyotana ne kramaza: adhyayana karate-karate vividha viSayoM kI vidyAoM meM AdhikArikatA prApta kii| saMyogavaza yuga pradhAnAcArya hArila sUri ke vidvAn ziSya AcArya rAjarSi deva gupta sUri dvArA apane guru ke nAma para sthApita kiye gaye "hArila gaccha"1 ke chaThe paTTadhara tatvAcArya ke darzana-pravacana-zravaNa evaM saMsarga kA rAjakumAra udyotana ko suavasara milaa| tatvAcArya ke upadezoM se rAjakumAra udyotana ko isa zAzvata satya kA bodha huA ki isa nissAra kSaraNa bhaMgura jagat meM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hI sAra bhUta hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke dvArA hI janma-jarA-mRtyu, prAdhi-vyAdhi Adi asaMkhya Adi antavihIna duHkhoM ke sAgara saMsAra ko pAra kara una prakAra ke du:khoM se sarvadA ke liye chuTakArA prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura isa prakAra kI amRtatva pradAyinI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ekamAtra 'hArilla gaccha ke paricaya ke liye dekhiye prastuta grantha ke pRSTha 446-447 Page #701 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 643 mAnava janma meM hI samIcIna rUpa se siddha kI jA sakatI hai| aise anamola mAnava bhava ko, kabhI tRpta na hone vAlI viSaya-vAsanAmayI bhoga lipsA meM kho denA vastutaH cintAmaNi ratna ko prora-chora vihIna athAha dala-dala se ota-prota andhakUpa meM pheMka dene tulya mahAmUrkhatApUrNa kRtya hI hogaa| isa prakAra bodhi lAbha hote hI rAjakumAra udyotana ko saMsAra se virakti ho gii| unhoMne athaka prayAsa kara mAtA-pitA se zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hone kI anujJA prApta kii| rAjakumAra udyotana ne rAjakIya aizvarya, bhogopabhoga, pArivArika moha-mamatva prAdi kA tRNavat tyAga kara tatvAcArya ke pAsa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hone ke pazcAt muni udyotana ne apane guru tatvAcArya kI sevA meM rahate hue zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyaa| apane medhAvI ziSya udyotana muni kI kuzAgra buddhi aura utkaTa jJAna pipAsA se prabhAvita ho tatvAcArya ne unheM apane samaya (vikrama kI AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI) ke jaina siddhAMtoM ke uccakoTi ke yazasvI vidvAnoM ke pAsa adhyayana hetu bhejane kA nizcaya kiyaa| nizcayAnusAra tatvAcArya ne muni udyotana ko jaina AgamoM ke usa kAla ke mahAn jJAtA vIrabhadra sUri ke pAsa bhejaa| vIrabhadra sUri kI sevA meM rahakara muni udyotana ne jaina siddhAMtoM kA tala sparzI jJAna prApta kiyaa| tadanantara tatvAcArya ne udyotana muni ko nyAya zAstroM kA adhyayana karane ke liye darzana aura nyAya zAstra ke udbhaTa vidvAn yAkinI mahattarAsUna bhava viraha-haribhadra sUri kI sevA meM bhejaa| apane samaya ke apratima nyAya zAstrI, bahumukhI jJAna ke dhanI haribhadra sUri ke caraNoM kI sannidhi meM rahakara muni udyotana ne yUktizAstroM (nyAya zAstroM) ke adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha anya aneka viSayoM kA bar3I hI lagana evaM niSThA ke sAtha adhyayana kiyaa| apanA adhyayana samApta karane ke pazcAt jaba udyotana sUri ne "kuvalaya mAlA" nAmaka grantharatna kI racanA kI to usakI prazasti meM isa bAta kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai ki unhoMne haribhadra sUri ke sAnnidhya meM rahakara nyAya zAstroM aura siddhAMtoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| vaha prazasti gAthA isa prakAra hai : "so siddhateNa guru, juttisatthehi jassa hribhtttto| bahusatthagaMthavitthara-patthAriyapayaDa sccttho||"" arthAt haribhadra sUri ne mujhe darzana zAstroM kI zikSA dI, isaliye siddhAMtataH / mere guru haiN| una mahAn prAcArya haribhadra sUri ne pAgama zAstroM evaM granthoM para vyAkhyA evaM vRttiyoM kI kaI racanAeM kii| sAtha hI darzana nyAya, dArzanika granthoM, ' kuvalaya mAlA prazasti, gAthA saMkhyA 15 Page #702 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 644 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 zrAcAra graMthoM, stutyAtmaka granthoM Adi aneka viSayoM ke granthoM kA nirmANa kara apanI isa vipula - vizAla grantharAzi se zAzvata satya para prakAza DAlA / aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI udyotana sUri kI yaha gAthA bar3I mahattvapUrNa hai / haribhadra sUri ke samaya ke sambandha meM jo mAnyatA bheda sudIrghakAla se calA A rahA thA, usa vivAdAspada samasyA kA samucita samAdhAna karane evaM unake vAstavika samaya ke nirdhAraNa meM yaha gAthA sarvAdhika sahAyaka siddha huI hai / isa gAthA se yaha aitihAsika tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki zaka saM0 666 ( tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1304, vi0 saM0 834 aura I0 san 777) meM prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke lokapriya grantha "kuvalaya mAlA" kI racanA karane vAle udyotana sUri ne haribhadra sUri kI sannidhi meM rahakara darzana zAstra kA adhyayana kiyA aura isa prakAra haribhadrasUri aura udyotana sUri guru-ziSya hone ke kAraNa kucha samaya ke liye samakAlIna rahe haiN| udyotana sUri ne "kuvalaya mAlA" kI racanA jAlora nagara sthita bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke mandira meM, zAlivAhana zaka saMvatsara ke samApta hone meM jaba kevala eka dina avaziSTa rahA thA, taba caitra vadI 14 ke dina tRtIya prahara meM, sampanna kii| udyotana sUri ne yaha saba vivaraNa prastuta karate hue apane grantha kuvalaya mAlA kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki jisa samaya jAlaura meM zrIvatsa rAjA kA rAjya thA usa samaya unhoMne isa graMtha kI racanA kI / punnATa saMghIya prAcArya jina sena ne apane grantha harivaMza purANa kI prazasti ke zloka saMkhyA 52 meM vatsarAja kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki varddhamAnapura kI nannarAja vasati ke bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM zaka saMvatsara 705 meM apane grantha harivaMza purANa kI racanA sampanna kii| usa samaya uttarI bhArata para indrAyudha kA, dakSiNApatha para rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA kRSNa ke putra zrI vallabha ( goviMda dvitIya) kA, pUrvI bhArata para avanti rAja vatsa - rAja kA aura pazcimI bhArata ke saurASTra para vIra jayavarAha rAjA kA zAsana thA / harivaMza purANa kI prazasti se udyotana sUri ke isa ullekha kI puSTi ke sAtha-sAtha yaha eka aitihAsika tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki zaka saM0 705 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 840 meM upari nAmollikhita sabhI rAjA samakAlIna the aura avanti ke rAjA vatsa kA jAlora taka rAjya thA / avanti nareza vatsarAja pratihAra vaMzI rAjA thA / kuvalayamAlA kI prazasti meM aitihAsika mahattva ke aura bhI aneka tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA / una aitihAsika tathyoM meM se hUNarAja torarAya (toramANa ) ke pavvaiyA (pArvatikA) nAmaka rAjadhAnI meM rahate hue zAsana karane, toramANa ke hArila sUri kA bhakta upAsaka banane, hArila gaccha kI utpatti, hArila gaccha ke prAcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye jinazAsana prabhAvanA ke kAryoM kA vivaraNa Adi tathyoM kA vistRta vivaraNa hArila sUri ke evaM hArila gaccha ke paricaya meM diyA jA cukA hai / Page #703 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 645 kuvalaya mAlA kI prazasti aneka dRSTiyoM se bar3I mahattvapUrNa hai, ataH usake aitihAsika mahattva ke katipaya aMza yahAM uddhata kiye jA rahe haiM : atthi puhaI - pasiddhA, doNNipahA doNi ceya desatti / tatthathi pahaM raNAmeNa uttarA buha ---- jaNAiNNaM / / 4 / / sui-diya-cAru-sohA, viyasiya kamalANaNA vimala dehA / tattharitha jalahi- daiyA, sariyA graha candabhAyatti / / 5 / / torammi tIya payaDA, pavvaiyAraNAma rayaNa sohillaa| jattha TTieNa bhuttA, puhaI siri torarAeNa / / 6 / / tassa guru hariutto, pAyariyo pAsi gutta vaMsAyo / toe raNayarIe dippo, jeNa Niveso tahiM kAle / / 7 / / tassavisiso payaDo, mahAkaI deva utta - raNAmo tti / ( tassa uNa) sivacanda garaNI, aha mahayaro tti // 8 // so jiraNavandaNa heu, kaha vi bhamanto kameNa smptto| siri-bhillamAla-Nayarammi, saMThio kappa rukkho vva / / 6 / / tassa khamAsamaNa-guNo, gAmeNa ya jakkha datta grinngaamo| sIso mahai-mahappA, asi tiloe vi payaDa jaso // 10 / / tasya ya bahuyA sIsA tava-vIriya-vayaNa laddhi saMpaNNA / rammo gujjara-deso jehi kamo devaharaehiM / / 11 / / NAgo vido mammaDa, duggo pAyariya-aggisammo ya / chaTTho baDesaro chammuhassa' vayaNa vva se pAsi / / 12 / / aAgAsavaNNa payareM, jiNAlayaM teraNa NimmaviyaM ramma / tassa muha dasaNe viya, avi pasamai jo ahanvo vi / / 13 // tassa vi sIso aNNo, tattAyariyo tti NAma payaDa gunno| prAsi tava-teya-Nijjiya, pAvatammoho diraNayaro vva / / . 14 / / jo dUsama-salila-pavAha-vega-hIraMta-guNa shssaann| sIlaMga-viula-sAlo, lakkhaNa rukkho nva rinnkkNpo|| 15 / / sIseNa tassa esA, hiridevI-diNNa-dasaNa-maNeNa / raiyA kuvalayamAlA, vilasiya-dakkhiraNa-indheNa // 16 // [zikSA-guru ] diNNa jahicchiya-phalo, bhu-kittii-kusum-rehiraabhono| pAyariya vIrabhadado, athAvaro kapparukkho vva / / 17 / / so siddhanteNa guru juttI-satthehi jassa haribhaddo / bahu sattha gantha vitthara-patyAriya-payaDa-savvattho / / 18 / / Page #704 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 646 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 [vaMza paricaya ] pAsi tikammAbhiro, mahAduvArammi khattio pyddo| ujjoyaNo tti gAma, tacciya pari bhujire taiyA / / 16 / / tassa vi putto saMpai, gAmeNa baDesaro tti payaDaguNo / tassujjoyaNa raNAmo, taNo maha viraiyA teNa // 20 // [ grantha-praNayana-sthala ] tugamalaM gha jiNa-bhavaNa-maNahara sAvayAukaM visamaM / jAvAliuraM aTThAvayaM va graha atthi puhaI e|| 21 / / tuGga dhavalaMmaNahAri-rayaNa-pasaraMta ghayavaDADoyaM / usabha jiriMNadAyayaNaM karAviyaM vIra bhadeNa / / 22 / / tattha ThieNaM maha codasIe tetassa kaNha pkkhmmi| - riNammaviyA bohikarI, bhavvANaM hou savyANaM / / 23 / / para bhau-bhiDaDI-maMgo, pnniiynn-rohinnii-klaa-cNdo| siri baccharAya NAmo, raNahatthI patthivo jaiyA // 24 / / thoya-mahaNA vi baDhA, esA hiridevi vynnenn| caMda kulAvayaveNaM pAyariya ujjoyaNeNa raiyA me / / 25 / / sagakAle volINe varisANaM sayehiM sattahiM gaehiM / ega diNeNUNehi, raiyA mavaraNha-velAe // 26 // ' "kuvalaya mAlA" vastutaH prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA uttama grantha hai| isameM bhASA kA pravAha kala-kala ninAdI prAkRtika nijhara ke samAna sahaja svAbhAvika aura prasAda guNopeta hai| dAkSiNya cinha ne bar3I dakSatA se saMskRta, apabhraMza prAdi bhASAoM ke prayogoM, sUktiyoM-subhASitoM, prahelikAmoM, deza-dezAntaroM meM vANijya hetu bhramaNa karane vAle kuzala vyApAriyoM dvArA bola-cAla ke samaya vyavahAra meM lAye gaye deza-dezAntaroM kI boliyoM ke sundara zabdoM, vAkyoM mAdi se apanI isa sundara kRti kA zrRMgAra kara isakI sundaratA meM cAra cAMda lagA diye haiN| isake racanAkAra udyotana sUri para apane zikSA guru haribhadra kI amara kRti samarAica kahA kA prabhAva spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai / kuvalaya mAlA kI bhASA, varNana zailI isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki dAkSiNya cinha bhAcArya kA adhyayana bar3A gahana thaa| ' kuvalaya mAlA, siMdhI jaina zAstra zikSA pITha, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, prathamA. vRtti, vi. saM. 2015, pRSTha 282-283 Page #705 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 647 inake do ziSyoM-zrIvatsa aura baladeva ko saMgha dvArA jyeSThAryA viruda se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thA, isase anamAna kiyA jAtA hai ki udyotana sUri ke ziSya bhI parama prabhAvaka the|' upari likhita gAthA saMkhyA 16 ke dvitIya caraNa meM ullikhita "mahAvArammi khattiyo payaDo" ko dekhakara haThAt pratyeka pAThaka ko isa prakAra kI zaMkA honA sambhava hai ki udyotana koI rAjA nahIM apitu sAdhAraNa kSatriya hI the| isa zaMkA kA nivAraNa isa gAthA ke tRtIya aura caturtha caraNa ko par3hate hI ho jAtA hai| zabda-saMyojanA thor3I kliSTa hai, isaliye prAkRta bhASA kA samyaka-bodha na hone kI dazA meM isa prakAra kI zaMkA kA utpanna honA sambhava hai| isI kAraNa isakA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai| ___ "ujjoyaNo ti NAma, tacciya paribhu jire taiyA / " isa antima gAthArddha ko prathama gAthArddha ke sAtha par3hane se isa gAthA kA artha isa prakAra hogA : "mahAdvAra nAmaka nagara meM nyAya, nIti aura dharma ina tInoM kartavyoM kA akSuNNa rUpa se pAlana karane vAlA udyotana nAmaka loka prasiddha kSatriya thaa| vaha udyotana kSatriya usa samaya usa mahAdvAra rAjya kA upabhoga kara rahA thA, arthAt mahAdvAra rAjya kA rAjA thaa|" isase rAjA udyotana ke pautra aura rAjA baTezvara ke putra udyotanasUri vastutaH rAjakumAra the, isameM kisI prakAra kI zaMkA kA avakAza nahIM raha jaataa| ' prastuta grantha, jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3, pRSTha 447 dekheN| Page #706 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAcArya jinasena (punnATasaMgha) vikrama kI havIM zatAbdI meM digambara paramparA meM aneka prabhAvaka aura mahAn granthakAra AcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne aneka amara kRtiyoM kI racanA kara jaina sAhitya ko samIcInatayA samRddha kiyaa| una mahAn granthakAra prAcAryoM meM punnATa saMgha ke prAcArya jinasena kA nAma agragaNya hai| putrATasaMghIya prAcArya jinasena kA harivaMza purANa nAmaka eka hI grantha upalabdha hotA hai kintu yaha eka bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa aisA grantharatna hai, jisako digambara paramparA meM isake racanAkAla se hI prAgamatulya mAnA gayA hai| prAcArya jinasena ne apane isa grantha kI prazasti meM isake racanAkAla kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai :-- zAkeSvavda zateSu saptasu dizaM paJcottareSattarAM, pAtIndrAyudha nAmni kRSNanRpaje zrI vallabhe dakSiNAm / pUrvA zrImadavantibhUbhRti nRpe vatsAdi rAje parAM, saurANAmadhimaNDalaM jayayute vIre varAhe'vati / / 52 / / kalyANa parivarddhamAnavipule zrI varddhamAne pure, zrI pAlaya nannarAja vasato paryAptazeSaH purA / pazcAddostaTikA prajAprajanita prAjyArcanAvarjane, zAMteH zAMtagRhe jinasya racito vaMzo harINAmayam / 53 / / arthAt-zaka saM0 705 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 840 meM, jisa samaya ki uttarI bhArata para indrAyudha kA zAsana thA, mahArAjA kRSNa (prathama) kA putra mahArAjA zrIvallabha (govinda dvitIya) dakSiNApatha meM zAsana kara rahA thA, avanti nareza vatsarAja kA pUrva dizA para rAjya thA aura rAjA vIra jaya varAha bhArata ke pazcimI pradeza sauroM ke adhimaNDala saurASTra para zAsana kara rahA thA, usa samaya vipula svarNarAziyoM se samRddha (sabhI bhAMti pUrNata zrIsampanna) varddhamAna (vartamAna bar3havANa) nagara meM, nannarAja-vasati ke nAma se vikhyAta bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke maMdira meM isa harivaMza purANa nAmaka graMtha ko prArambha kara dostaTikA (bar3havANa se girinagara-pagaranAra mArga para avasthita dottar3i) grAma ke prajA dvArA bhaktisahita sucAru rUpa se pUjita-pracita bhagavAn zAMtinAtha ke maMdira meM use pUrNa kiyaa| - harivaMza purANa ko yaha prazasti aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3I hI mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki isameM vikrama kI nauMvIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM uttarI bhArata, dakSiNI bhArata, Page #707 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 646 pUrvI bhArata aura pazcimI bhArata-isa prakAra sampUrNa bhArata ke zaktizAlI rAjavaMzoM ke mahArAjApoM kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai| prazasti meM nAmAMkita bhArata kI cAroM dizAoM ke cAroM pramukha zAsakoM meM se dakSiNa kA rASTrakaTavaMzIya mahArAjA zrI vallabha apara nAma govinda (dvitIya) aura pUrvI bhArata ke zAsaka avanti nareza vatsarAja (jisako isa prazasti meM varNita rASTrakaTavaMzIya rAjA zrIvallabha ke bhrAtA dhra varAja ne parAsta kara usase pravanti kA rAjya chIna liyA thA)--ye donoM hI zAsaka itihAsa-prasiddha mahArAjA haiN| uttarI bhArata ke zAsaka iMdrAyudha kisa rAjavaMza kA thA, isa sambandha meM itihAsajJa adyAvadhi sarvasammata nirNaya nahIM kara pAye haiN| yazasvI itihAsavid sva0 zrI hIrAcanda projhA ne iMdrAyudha ko rAThaur3avaMzIya rAjA aura sva0 ciMtAmariNa vinAyaka vaidya ne bhaNDi kula (varma vaMza) kA honA anumAnita kiyA hai| isI prakAra pazcimI bhArata ke zAsaka jayavarAha ke sambandha meM bhI itihAsajJa adyAvadhi nizcita nahIM kara pAye haiM ki vaha cAlukya rAjavaMza kA zAsaka thA yA cAvar3A vaMza kA? harivaMza purANa meM AcArya jinasena (punnATa saMghI) ne mukhya rUpeNa mahAyazasvI harivaMza kI yAdava zAkhA ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha vizeSataH yAdavakUla ke tilaka bAvIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn ariSTanemi (neminAtha) aura nauveM nArAyaNa (vAsudeva) zrIkRSNa ke caritra kA varNana kiyA hai| harivaMzapurANakAra ne mahAbhArata ke ativizAla kathAnaka ko bhI isI meM samAviSTa kara liyA hai| varNanazailI atIva marmasparzI manohArI aura bar3I hI rocaka hai| isameM atizaya-praur3hatA, prAMjalatA aura prAsAdikatA Adi mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa vidyamAna haiN| sabhI rasoM kA isameM bar3I zAlInatA se samAveza kiyA gayA hai| ___ harivaMza purANa kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se lekara svayaM (jinasena punnATa saMghIya) taka kI avichinna guru paramparA dI gaI hai| digambara paramparA kI paTTAvaliyoM meM isa guru paramparA paTTAvalI ko sarvAdhika susambaddha aura avicchinna paTTAvalI kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii|' isa guru paramparA meM eka bar3I hI mahattvapUrNa bAta kahI gaI hai| vaha yaha hai ki prAcArya zivagupta ne apane guNoM ke prabhAva se "arhabali" pada prApta kiyaa| isase saMgha vibhAjana karane vAle digambarAcArya arhabali ke sambandha meM agretara zodha meM sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| __yoM to apanI guru paramparA kA jinasenAcArya ne apanI vizAla kRti harivaMza purANa meM vistArapUrvaka kramabaddha paricaya prastuta kiyA hai / tathApi apane praguru, guru Adi kA guNakIrtana ke sAtha grantha-prazasti meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM diyA hai : . viziSTa jAnakArI ke liye dekhiye "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3", pRSTha 740 se 742 / 2 harivaMzapurANa kI praza loka saM0 26-33 / Page #708 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 650 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 "SaTkhaNDAgamAdi siddhAMta zAstroM ke vizeSajJa, karmaprakRti ke talasparzI jJAna ko hRdayaMgama kara AtmakalyANa ke liye zreyaskara usake sArabhUta tattvajJAna ko apane jIvana kI dainandinI meM DhAlane vAle indriya jayI jayasenAcArya unake praguru the| jayasena ke ziSya amitasena punnATa saMgha ke unake paTTadhara AcArya hae / prAcArya amitasena jaina siddhAntoM ke pAradazvA vidvAna aura apane samaya ke vikhyAta vaiyAkaraNI the| ve dIrghajIvI arthAta sau varSa kI AyuSya vAle evaM jinazAsana prabhAvaka tathA ugratapasvI the| prAcArya amitasena ne zraddhAlu jijJAsuoM ko zAstroM kA jJAna pradAna kara apanI adbhuta dAnazIlatA kA paricaya diyaa| una AcArya amitasena ke jyeSTha gurubhrAtA kA "yathA nAma tathA guNAH" kI sUkti ko caritArtha karane vAlA nAma muni kIrtiSeNa thA / ve kIrtiSaNa muni mahAn tapasvI, zAMta, dAnta aura bar3e medhAvI the| prAcArya amitasena ke jyeSTha gurubhAI unhIM kIrtiSeNa muni ke pramukha ziSya jinasena ne zAzvata zivasukha ke svAmI bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhAbhakti se prerita ho isa harivaMzapurANa nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| vastutaH AcArya jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa jaina dharma ke purAtana itihAsa aura dharma meM abhiruci rakhane vAle jijJAsuoM kI jJAnapipAsA ko zAMta karane meM bar3A sahAyaka graMtharatna hai| punnATa saMgha dakSiNa bhArata ke karNATaka pradeza kA dharma saMgha thA, yaha sunizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki zravaNa belgola sthita pArzvanAtha vasati ke lagabhaga zaka saM. 522 ke vahAM ke sarvAdhika prAcIna zilAlekha saM. 1 ke anusAra dvitIya bhadrabAhu apane ziSyasaMgha ke sAtha dakSiNApatha ke karNATaka pradeza meM kaTavapra nAmaka sthAna para gaye the| usa samaya punnATa pradeza kI rAjadhAnI kittara meM thI isI kAraNa punnATa pradeza ko kittUra-kaTavapra ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA thaa| punnATa pradeza ke ye prAcArya jinasena apratihata vihAra karate hue saMbhavataH giranAra kI yAtrArtha Aye hoN| usI samaya unhoMne harivaMzapurANa kI racanA kii| Apa, jayadhavalA aura Adi purANa ke racanAkAra paMcastUpAnvayI jinasenAcArya ke sama. kAlIna the| '! jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1 pRSTha saM. 1, zilAlekha saM. 1 Page #709 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kRSNa gaccha kRSNarSi gaccha thArapadra ( baTezvara ) gaccha kI hI zAkhA ke rUpa meM udita huA / vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM kisI samaya hArila gaccha ke mahA tapasvI kRSNarSi ne apane nAma para kRSNarSi gaccha kI sthApanA kI / isa gaccha ke saMsthApaka kRSNarSi, kuvalayamAlAkAra udyotanasUri ke guru bhrAtA tathA hArila gaccha ke chaThe zrAcArya tatvAcArya ke ziSya yakSa mahattara ke ziSya the / prAcArya kRSNaSi bar3e hI tapasvI the / inake sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai ki inakA tapasyA kA krama nirantara calatA hI rahatA thaa| eka varSa meM ye kevala 34 hI pAraNaka ( bhojana graharaNa) kiyA karate the / eka mahInA aura cAra dina ke atirikta zeSa 10 mAsa aura 26 dina ghora nirAhAra tapasyA meM hI vyatIta hote the / isa prakAra ke ghora tapazcaraNa ke kAraNa kRSNarSi ko aneka prakAra kI siddhiyAM svataH hI prApta ho gaI thIM / kulagurutroM kI bahiyoM ke ullekhAnusAra kRSNarSi ne zaka saM0 716 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 854 meM nAgora ke zreSThi nArAyaNa ko jaina dharmAvalambI banAkara zrosavAloM ke barar3iyA gotra kI sthApanA kI / isa zreSThI nArAyaNa ne kRSNa kI preraNA se nAgaura nagara meM eka jinamandira banavA kara usameM bha. mahAvIra kI mUrti kI pratiSThApanA karavAI / kRSNarSi ne isa mandira kI suvyavasthA evaM surakSA ke liye 72 gaNyamAnya zrAvakoM kI eka vyavasthA samiti kA gaThana karavAyA / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki kRSNarSi ne vikrama kI havIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM kisI samaya kRSNarSi gaccha kI sthApanA kI / inhIM kRSNaSi ke ziSya zrAcArya jayasiMhasUri ne zramarAja ke pautra gvAliyara ke rAjA bhojadeva ke zAsana kAla meM vi. saM. 615 kI bhAdrapada zuklA 5 ke dina 68 gAthAtmaka dharmopadeza mAlA aura usa para 5778 zloka pramANa svopajJa vRtti kI racanA kara usakI prazasti meM thArapadra gaccha ke saMsthApaka evaM hArila gaccha ke AcArya baTezvara sUri se lekara apane ( AcArya jayasiMha ke ) samaya taka kI paTTaparamparA dI hai / kRSNaSi ne aneka zrajainoM ko jaina evaM zraddhAlu zrAvaka banAyA / inhoMne tIrthaMkaroM kI kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kI yAtrAeM kIM, aneka saMgha yAtrAeM Ayojita karavAIM, inakI preraNA se aneka mandira bane aura isa prakAra kRSNarSi ne jaina dharma kA ullekhanIya pracAra-prasAra kiyA / Page #710 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA ke mahAn granthakAra prAcArya vIrasena vikrama kI nauvIM zatAbdI meM sena gaNa-paMcastUpAnvayI saMgha ke eka mahAn TIkAkAra evaM granthakAra jinasena ne apanI mahAna kRtiyoM-dhavalA aura jaya dhavalA kI racanA dvArA jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina vAMgmaya kI mahatI sevA kara akSaya kIrti arjita kI / paMcastUpAnvayI paramparA se bhinna paramparA ke prAcAryoM evaM agragaNya granthakAroM ne bhI ApakI kavitvazakti tathA Apake prakANDa pANDitya kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA kI hai| punnATasaMghIya AcArya jinasena ne zrI vIrasena prAcArya ko kaviyoM meM sArvabhauma samrATa cakravartI kI upamA dete hue harivaMza purANa meM likhA hai :--- jitAtmaparalokasya, kavInAM cakravartinaH / vIrasena gurorkItirakalaMkA babhAsate / / 3 / / punnATa saMghIya bhaTTAraka jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra ne dhavalAkAra vIrasena bhaTTAraka ko prativAdiyoM ke mada ko, ahaM ko cUrNita-vicUNita kara dene vAlA aura jJAna tathA cAritra ke sArabhUta zreSThatama paramAraNoM se nirmita athavA sazarIra sAkSAt jJAna aura cAritra kI pratimUrti batAte hue inakI prazaMsA meM kahA hai :-- tatra vitrAsitAzeSa pravAdimadavAraNaH / vIrasenAgraraNI vIrasena bhaTTArako babhau / / 3 / / jJAnacAritrasAmagrImagrahIdiva vigraham // 4 // uttara pu. prazasti / vIrasena ke ziSya jayadhavalAkAra ne apane ina guru kI jJAna-garimA kI zlAghA karate hue likhA hai : yasya naisargikI prajJAM, dRSTvA sarvArthagAminIM / jAtA sarvajJa saMvAde, nirArekA manISiNaH / / 21 / / jaya dha. prazasti / arthAt -- nigar3hatama, gahanatama viSayoM athavA praznoM kA yathAtathya-rUpeNa nirUpaNa kara dene vAlI vIrasena kI svAbhAvikI jJAnagarimA athavA meghAvitA ko dekha kara kisI bhI vicAraka manISI ko sarvajJa-sarvadarzI kevalajJAnI kI sattA meM Page #711 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 653 kisI prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM raha jaatii| use dRr3ha vizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki saMsAra meM sunizcita rUpa se sarvajJa hue haiM, hote haiM aura hoNge| ___ prAcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA kI prazasti ke "taha NattuveNa paMcathUhaNNayabhANuNA muriNaNA" isa zlokArddha meM apane Apako paMcastUpAnvayI batAyA hai| inake praziSya guNabhadra ke ziSya lokasena ne uttarapurANa kI prazasti ke dUsare zloka meM "mahApuruSaratnAnAM, sthAna senAnvayo jni|" isa pada se apanI guru paramparA ko sena paramparA batAyA hai| "bhaTTAraka sampradAya" nAmaka grantha ke racanAkAra prophesara joharApurakara ke abhimatAnusAra sena gaNa aura punnATa saMgha-ye do AmnAya bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAcInatama svarUpa haiN| sena gaNa se sambandhita prazastiyoM aura anya ullekhoM para samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki senagaNa kA pUrva rUpa paMcastUpAnvaya thaa| paMcastUpAnvaya kA sambandha mathurA ke pAMca stUpoM se hai athavA nahIM yaha prazna zodha kI apekSA rakhatA hai / apane grantha "bhaTTAraka sampradAya" ke lekha saM. 11 aura 12 kA ullekha karate hue zrI joharApurakara ne siddha kiyA hai ki sena gaNa ke sAtha isake pogari gaccha kA ullekha prAcIna abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / inase uttaravartIkAla ke lekha saMkhyA 21, 24 aura 32 meM pogari gaccha kA nAma "puSkara gaccha" ne le liyA hai / "puSkara gaccha"-isa saMskRta zabda kA hI pogari gaccha kannar3I bhASA meM rUpAntara hai / Andhra pradeza meM pogari nAmaka eka sthAna hai| isa pogari gaccha athavA puSkara gaccha kA sambandha rAjasthAna pradezavartI puSkara se hai athavA Andhra pradeza ke pogari sthAna se, isa viSaya meM anusandhAna kI prAvazyakatA hai|' ___ indranandi ne apanI kRti "zru tAvatAra" meM pahabali dvArA kiye gaye saMgha vibhAjana ke samaya hI paMca stUpoM ke sthAna se Aye hue sena aura bhadra nAmaka prAcAryadvaya se sena garaNa kI utpatti batAne vAle eka ajJAtakartRka zloka ko uddhRta kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : AyAto nandivIrau prakaTagiriguhAvAsato zokavATAdevAzcAnyo parAdijita iti yatipo sena bhadrAhvayo ca / paMcastUpyAtsagupto guragadhara vRSabhaH zAlmalIvRkSamUlAniryAto siMhacandrau prathitaguraNagaNo kesarAtkhaNDapUrvAt / / isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki sena gaNa bahuta prAcIna gaNa hai aura paMcastUpoM se Aye hue muniyoM meM se sena muni ke nAma para yaha gaNa pracalita humA, isI kAraNa isakA dUsarA nAma paMcastUpAnvaya bhI loka meM prasiddhi pAtA rahA / / ---- - - .' 2 bhaTAraka sampradAya (pro. vI. pI. joharApurakara) pRSTha 26 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pRSTha 738 Page #712 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 paMcastUpAnvayI prAcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA kI prazasti meM apane Apako AcArya candrasena kA praziSya aura prArya nandi ( paMcastUpAnvayI ) kA ziSya batAte hue likhA hai ki citrakUTa pura ke elAcArya se SaTkhaNDAgama ( mahAkarma prakRtiprAbhRta) nAmaka siddhAnta zAstra kA adhyayana kiyA / tadanantara aneka sUtroM, siddhAnta granthoM kA avalokana kara elAcArya kI preraNA se SaTkhaNDAgama para dhavalA TIkA kA vATagrAma meM nirmANa prArambha kiyA / SaTkhaNDAgama para vIrasena se bahuta pUrva aneka TIkAeM likhI gaI thIM, jinameM kuMdakuMdAcAryakRta parikarma, zAmakuMDakRta paddhati, tumbulUrAcAryakRta cUr3AmaNi, samantabhadrakRta TIkA aura bappadeva guru dvArA kRta vyAkhyAprajJapti nAmaka TIkAeM pramukha thIM / IzA kI tIsarI cauthI zatAbdI se 6ThI zatAbdI ke bIca kI avadhi meM nirmita una TIkAnoM meM se vartamAna meM eka bhI TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai / I 654 ] prAcArya vIrasena ne bappagurudeva kI SaTkhaNDAgama para jo vyAkhyA - prajJapti nAma kI TIkA thI, usake AdhAra para SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA nAmaka vizAla TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA / prazasti meM vIrasena dvArA kiye gaye ullekha ke anusAra unhoMne vi. saM. 738 meM jagatuMga deva ke rAjya kAla ke pazcAt (sambhavata: amoghavarSa prathama ke zAsanakAla meM ) vATagrAma meM kArtikazuklA trayodazI ke dina ghavalA TIkA kI racanA sampanna kii| isa TIkA ke nirmAraNa meM prAcArya vIrasena ne cUrNikAroM kI zailI ko apanAkara saMskRta mizrita prAkRta bhASA meM vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / dhavalA TIkA kula milAkara 72 hajAra zloka pramANa kA vizAla grantha hai / dhavalA TIkA kA tIna cauthAI bhAga prAkRta meM aura zeSa bhAga saMskRta bhASA meM hai / TIkA kI prAkRta bhASA mukhyatayA zaurasenI hai / ghavalA kA nirmANa 6 khaNDoM meM kiyA gayA hai| isakI zailI sundara, subodhagamya, parimArjita aura praur3ha hai / isameM chedasUtra, jIvasamAsa, satkarmaprAbhUta, paMcatthipAhur3a, kaSAyaprAbhRta, sanmatisUtra, trilokaprajJapti, tatvArthasUtra, mUlAcAra, dazarkAriNasaMgraha akalaMkakRta tatvArthabhASya Adi pranekaM mahatvapUrNa saiddhAntika granthoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| AcArya vIra sena kI isa dhavalA TIkA meM zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA bahumAnya AcArAMga, vRhatkalpasUtra, dazavaikAlika sUtra, anuyoga dvAra bhaura prAvazyaka niyukti zrAdi zrAgama evaM prAgamika granthoM ke aneka uddharaNa diye gaye haiM / vIrasena ne ghavalA meM nAgahasti ( zvetAmbarAcArya) ke upadezoM ko "pavAijjaMta" prarthAt AcArya - paramparAgata batAyA hai aura dUsarI ora prArya maMkSu ( zvetAmbarAcArya prArya maMgu) ke upadezoM ko apavAijjaMta arthAt pracalana meM koI mahatvapUrNa sthAna nahIM rakhane vAlA batAyA hai / vIrasena ke isa prakAra ke ullekhoM se yaha eka naI bAta prakaTa hotI hai ki prArya maMkSu aura Arya nAgahasti ina guruziSya prAcAryoM meM katipaya prakAra ke mAnyatA bheda bhI the / Arya maMkSu ke upadezoM ko prAcArya paramparA dvArA zrasammata evaM pracalana meM nahIM bhA rahe tathA Arya nAgahasti ke upadezoM ko AcArya paramparA dvArA sammata Page #713 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 655 evaM pracalana meM A rahe batA kara unameM paraspara mAnyatA sambandhI matameda kI bAta ko prakaTa karane ke sAtha-sAtha dhavalAkAra ne apanI TIkA meM sthAna-sthAna para uttara pratipatti aura dakSiNa pratipatti ina do mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| Apane dakSiNa pratipatti ko Rju (sarala) evaM prAcArya paramparAgata aura uttara pratipatti ko anaju (jaTila) tathA prAcArya paramparAgata se bhinna mAnA hai| yaha unakA dakSiNApatha evaM uttarApatha kI prAcArya paramparAmoM kI bhora saMketa pratIta hotA hai| prAcArya vIrasena ne SaTkhaNDAgama ke 6 khaNDoM meM se prathama pAMca khaNDoM para hI dhavalA TIkA kI racanA kI hai| chaThe khaNDa kA nAma mahAbandha hai, ise mahAghavala ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke isa chaThe khaNDa mahAbandha kI racanA bhUtabali ne kI hai| mahAbandha nAmaka isa chaThe khaNDa kA parimANa 30 hajAra zloka pramANa hai| prAcArya vIrasena kI dUsarI kRti : SaTkhaNDAgama para 72 hajAra pramANa dhavalA nAmaka TIkA kA nirmANa sampanna karane ke pazcAt prAcArya vIrasena ne kaSAyapAhur3a para jayaghavalA nAmaka TIkA kA nirmANa karanA prArambha kiyaa| ve jayaghavalA TIkA kI 20 hajAra zloka pramANa hI racanA kara pAye the ki unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| isakI pUrNAhati bIrasena ke paTTadharaziSya jinasena ne zaka saM. 756 tadanusAra vikrama saM. 894 meM kii| yaha saMyoga ko hai bAta hai ki senagaNa meM lagAtAra tIna cAra pIr3hiyoM taka vidvAn granthakAra hote rahe aura apane guru dvArA prArambha kiye hue para devavazAta pradhare rahe hue kArya ko ziSya pUre karate rhe| vIrasena ne jayadhavalA kI racanA prArambha kara dI thI kintu ve 20 hajAra zloka pramAraNa hI isa TIkA kA nirmANa kara pAye the ki unakA svargavAsa ho gayA aura unake ziSya jinasena ne 40 hajAra zlokapramANa usase Age kI TIkA kI racanA kara apane guru vIrasena dvArA prArambha kiye hue kArya ko pUrNa kiyaa| ___ isI prakAra prAcArya jinasena ne pArvAbhyudaya, jayadhavalA prAdi ke nirmANa ke anantara mahApurANa kI racanA prArambha kii| mahApurANa kA pUrvArTa 'AdipurANa' ve sampUrNa nahIM kara pAye the ki unakA svargArohaNa ho gyaa| jinasena ne Adi purANa ke 47 parva aura bAraha hajAra zlokoM meM se 42 parva pUrNa aura 43veM sarga ke kevala 3 zloka hI likhe the| zeSa cAra parvo ke 1620 zloka unake vidvAn ziSya guNabhadra ne likhakara prAdi purANa ko pUrNa kiyA aura mahApurANa ke uttarAI uttara purANa kI racanA kI / isa prakAra guNabhadra ne apane guru jinasena ke apUrNa rahe hue kArya ko pUrNa kiyaa| Page #714 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 656 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 ___ isI prakAra sambhavata: guNabhadra bhI uttara purANa kA thor3A sA antima aMza aura isakI prazasti pUrNa nahIM kara pAye the ki unakA svargavAsa ho gayA aura unake ziSya lokasena ne unake kucha aMzoM meM apUrNa rahe hue kArya ko pUrNa kiyaa| siddha bhU-paddhati uttara purANa kI prazasti ke nimnalikhita zloka se :--- siddha bhU paddhatiryasya, TIkAM saMvIkSya bhikSubhiH / TIkyate helayAnyeSAM, viSamApi pade-pade / / yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki bhaTTAraka vIrasena ne siddhabhUpaddhati-TIkA nAmaka eka TIkA grantha kI bhI racanA kI thI, jisakI sahAyatA se jaTilatara gadya-padyoM ke vAstavika artha ko jijJAsu sahaja hI hRdayaMgama kara sakate the / kintu vartamAna meM vaha grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| Page #715 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vatsarAja-gurjara-mAlavarAja vIra nirmANa kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke antima caturtha caraNa se lekara caudahavIM zatAbdI kI bIca kI avadhi meM jAlaura ke rAjasiMhAsana para vatsarAja nAmaka bar3A zaktizAlI rAjA huA, jisane suvizAla avantI rAjya para bhI apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara liyA thA / kuvalayamAlAkAra udyotanasUri aura harivaMzapurANakAra prAcArya jinasena ke ullekhAnusAra vikrama kI 6 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kAla meM vatsarAja kI bhArata ke zaktizAlI rAjAoM meM gaNanA kI jAtI thI / rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA kRSNa ( prathama ) ke donoM putra - govinda dvitIya ( vallabha) aura dhruva isa mAlavA tathA jAlora ke rAjA vatsarAja ke samakAlIna the / vatsarAja kA samaya vastutaH rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjAoM kA utkarSa kAla thA / I0 san 730-735 ke bIca rASTrakUTa vaMza ke zaktizAlI rAjA dantidurga ( I0 730-753) ne bAdAmI ke cAlukya rAjA kIrtivarmA ko parAjita kara lagabhaga sampUrNa cAlukya - rAjya ko apane rAjya meM milA mAnyakheTa rAjya ko apane samaya kA sabase zaktizAlI rAjya banA diyA thA / dantidurga ke pazcAt rASTrakUTa vaMza ke 7 veM rAjA kRSNa prathama aura usake donoM putroM - govinda (dvitIya) aura dhruva-ina AThaveM aura 8veM rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjAoM ne bhI rASTrakUTa rAjya kI sImAoM evaM zakti meM uttarottara abhivRddhi hI kI / rASTrakUTa vaMza ke isa zakti-saMvarddhana kA duSprabhAva vatsarAja para pdd'aa| anumAnataH I0 san 787 ke Asa-pAsa rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA dhruva ne mAlavarAja vatsarAja para eka zaktizAlI bar3I senA ke sAtha AkramaNa kiyA / vatsarAja usa yuddha meM dhruva se parAjita huA / vatsarAja ko mAlave ke rAjya se vaMcita hone ke sAthasAtha mAlavA chor3akara maru pradeza kI ora palAyana karane ke liye bAdhya honA par3A / dhruva kI durddharSa sainya zakti ko dekhakara vatsarAja ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki aba mAlavA rAjya para punaH apanA Adhipatya sthApita karanA to dUra, mAlave meM rahanA bhI usake liye sarvanAza kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai, ataH vaha apanI bacI senA ke sAtha apane mAlavA- gujarAta-rAjya kI rAjadhAnI jAbAlipura (jAlaura) lauTa AyA aura vahIM rahakara jAlaura kA zAsana karane lagA / karNATaka ke manne nAmaka grAma se, zAnabhoga narahariyappa nAmaka eka vyakti ke adhikAra meM upalabdha zaka saM0 724 ke tAmra - zAsana meM bhI vatsarAja kI dhruva se parAjaya aura mAlavA chor3akara marudhara pradeza kI ora palAyana kA nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullekha hai : -- Page #716 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 658 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa ---bhAga 3 ghoro dhairyadhano vipakSavanitAvaktrAmbujazrIharo,.............. helA-svIkRta-gaur3a-rAjya-kamalAna cAntaHpravizyAcirAd, unmArge maru-madhyama-pratibalayoM vatsarAja blaiH|' arthAt-rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA kRSNa prathama ke (govinda dvitIya se choTe) putra ghora-apara nAma dhra va ne gaur3a rAjya para adhikAra karane ke pazcAt mAlavA para AkramaNa kiyA aura vatsarAja ko yuddha meM parAjita kara marubhUmi kI ora bhAga jAne ke liye bAdhya kara diyaa| udyotanasUri dvArA racita kuvalayamAlA kI prazasti ke anusAra zaka saMvat 666 meM vatsarAja kA jAbAlipura para zAsana. thaa| harivaMza purANa kI prazasti meM jinasena ke ullekhAnusAra zaka saM0 705 meM avanti (mAlava) rAjya para vatsarAja kA zAsana thaa| ina donoM aitihAsika mahatva ke ullekhoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki zaka saM0 705 arthAt I0 san 783 taka vatsarAja kA mAlavA aura jAlaura ina donoM hI rAjyoM para aura dhra va ke bar3e bhAI govinda dvitIya apara nAma vallabha kA prAyaH sampUrNa dakSiNApatha para adhikAra thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to dhra va rASTrakUTa vaMza rAjasiMhAsana para prArUr3ha nahIM hayA thaa| isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki I0 san 785 ke Asa-pAsa dhrava ne apane bar3e bhAI govinda dvitIya ko bhISaNa yuddha meM harA rAjya-cyuta aura soraba ke choTe se rAjya kA svAmI banAkara rASTrakUTa rAjya para adhikAra kiyaa| rAjya kI bAgaDora samhAlate hI dhra va ne apane bar3e bhAI ko yuddha meM sahAyatA karane vAle zivamAra ko bandI banAyA aura pallavamalla se kara ke rUpa meM aneka hAthI maMgavA kara eka prakAra se daNDita kiyaa| tatpazcAt dhra va ne apanA vijaya abhiyAna prArambha kiyaa| sarvaprathama usane gaur3oM ko yuddha meM parAjita kara unheM apanA vazavartI bnaayaa| tatpazcAt vindya parvata ko pAra kara mAlavA ke rAjA vatsarAja para AkramaNa kiyaa| ina saba kAryoM ko sampanna karane meM dhrava ko varSa-Der3ha varSa kA samaya to kama se kama avazya hI lagA hogaa| ina saba tathyoM para vicAra karane para anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki dhra va ne I0 san 787 ke Asa-pAsa vatsarAja ko mAlavA se jAlora kI ora palAyana karane ke liye bAdhya kiyaa| mAlavA meM apanI parAjaya ke pazcAt vatsarAja apane jIvana ke anta samaya taka jAlora meM hI rahA / jaina saMgha ke sAtha vatsarAja ke bar3e madhura sambandha the| .. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha saMkhyA 123, pR. 125 Page #717 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAmarAja-nAgabhaTTa dvitIya vikrama kI nauvIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM prAcArya bappabhaTTI kA samakAlIna evaM parama bhakta Ama nAmaka pratihAravaMzIya rAjA kannauja para zAsana karatA thaa| pAmarAja apane samaya kA mahAna yoddhA aura jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA rakhane vAlA rAjA thaa| isane jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra evaM abhyudaya ke liye jojo kArya kiye unakA saMkSepa meM prAcArya bappabhaTTI ke paricaya meM ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / nAgabhaTTa (dvitIya) aura nAgAvaloka, isI AmarAja ke apara nAma the| prAmarAja (nAgabhaTTa) ke pitA kA nAma yazovarmana thA / yazovarmana gujarAta ke lATa pradeza kA bar3A zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| AmarAja kA bAlyakAla bar3I hI saMkaTApanna sthiti meM vyatIta huaa| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki yazovarmana kI eka rAnI se jaba prAmarAja kA janma hayA to usakI dUsarI rAnI ne sautiyA DAha se prerita ho yazovarmana ko prAmarAja kI mAtA ke viruddha bhar3akA kara use lATa rAjya se nikalavA diyA / AmarAja kI mAtA nirAzraya ho apane zizu ko liye vanya jIvana vyatIta karane lgii| bappabhaTTI ke guru prAcArya siddhasena ne jaba use jaMgala meM nirAzrita dekhA to moDherA grAma ke jaina saMgha ko kahakara prAmarAja aura unakI mAtA ke bharaNa-poSaNa kI vyavasthA krvaaii| kucha hI samaya pazcAt prAmarAja kI sautelI mAtA kI mRtyu ho jAne para yazovarmana ne apanI rAnI aura putra kI khoja karavA unheM puna: apane rAjaprAsAda meM bulavA liyaa| vikrama saM0 860 ke Asa-pAsa rASTrakUTa vaMza ke dazaveM rAjA govinda tRtIya (jagattuMga) ne yazovarmana para AkramaNa kara usase lATa pradeza chInakara' apane gujarAta rAjya meM milA liyA aura apane laghu bhrAtA indra ko gujarAta kA rAjyapAla niyukta kara diyaa| ___ govinda tRtIya se parAjita hone aura lATa pradeza ke apane rAjya ke hAtha se nikala jAne para yazovarmana kannauja kI ora bar3hA aura vahAM ke cakrAyudha nAmaka rAjA ko mArakara svayaM kannauja ke rAja-siMhAsana para baiTha gayA / svAbhimAnI AmarAja kI apane pitA se kisI bAta para anabana ho gaI aura vaha kannauja se prachanna rUpa se nikala kara moDherA calA paayaa| moDherA grAma ke bAhara eka mandira meM muni bappabhaTTI se usakI bheMTa huii| bappabhaTTI use apane guru ke pAsa le gaye aura guru ne nAma Adi ' lATa vijaya ke sambandha meM dekhiye isI grantha kA pR0 261 Page #718 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 660 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 kA paricaya pAte hI rAjakumAra grAmarAja ko pahacAna liyA / AcAryazrI ne AmarAja se kahA ki vaha upayukta samaya kI pratIkSA meM moDherA meM hI rahakara unake pAsa aura bappabhaTTI ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana kare / AcArya siddhasena ke nirdezAnusAra rAjakumAra zramarAja unake pAsa rahakara vidyAdhyayana karane lagA / isa prakAra AcAryazrI ke sAnnidhya meM bappabhaTTI ke saMsarga meM rahate hue rAjakumAra grAmarAja ke antarmana meM bappabhaTTI ke prati pragAr3ha anurAga ho gayA / zramarAja ne AcAryazrI aura bappabhaTTI kI sevA meM rahate hue bar3I niSThA ke sAtha adhyayana kiyA / anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki AmarAja kA pitA yazovarmana eka sAhasI yoddhA hone ke sAtha-sAtha sarasvatI kA bhI upAsaka aura acchA lekhaka thA / usane "rAmAbhyudaya" nAmaka eka nATaka kI bhI racanA kI thI / yaha nATaka 'vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai kintu "dhvanyAloka", sAhitya darpaNa Adi meM yazovarmana ke isa nATaka kA ullekha hai / ' astu / kAlAntara meM yazovarmana kI mRtyu hote hI kannauja ke mantriyoM ne rAjakumAra AmarAja ko moDherA se kannauja le jAkara usakA kannauja ke rAja-siMhAsana para rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA / AmarAja apara nAma nAgAvaloka eka zaktizAlI rAjA siddha huA / isane kannauja rAjya kI cahuMmukhI samRddhyabhivRddhi ke lie ullekhanIya kArya kiyA / saMbhavataH AmarAja ke pUrva nAgabhaTTa (dvitIya) evaM "avanijanAzraya" tathA "dakSiNabhaTa" arthAt dakSiNApatha kA sudRr3ha AdhArastambha Adi upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita pulakezina ( cAlukyarAja vikramAditya dvitIya ke dvArA niyukta dakSiNa gujarAta ke rAjyapAla ) jaise dezabhakta yoddhAoM ne bhArata para kiye gaye araboM ke AkramaNa ko pUrNataH asaphala kara araba AkrAntAoM kI zakti ko antima rUpa se naSTa kara diyA / isa sambandha meM Ara. sI. majUmadAra Adi vidvAn itihAsajJoM dvArA saMpAdita -- 'di klAsikala eja' kA nimnalikhita ullekha gauravAnubhUti ke sAtha paThanIya evaM mananIya hai| ............These Arab expeditions took place between A. D. 724 and 738. But the success of the Arabs was short-lived, and they were defeated by the Pratihara king Nagabhatta and the Chalukya ruler of Lata (S. Gujarat) named Avanijanasruya Pulkeshiraj. The latter's heroic stand earned him the titles 'solid pillar of Dakshinapatha, and 'the repeller of the unrepellable.' The Gurjara king Jayabhatta IV of Nandipuri also claims to have defeated " klAsikala eja, pR0 310 --- Page #719 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI AcArya ] [ 661 the Arabs. Apart from these claims, authenticated by contemporary records, we have traditions about several Indian rulers as having defeated the Mlechchhas, and some of them at any rate refer probably to the Arab invaders of this period. It is also admitted in the Arab chronicles that under Junaid's successor Tamin, the Muslims lost the newly conquered territories and fell back upon Sindh. Even here their position became insecure. According to Arab chronicles, 'a place of refuge to which the Muslims might flee was not to be found,' and so the governor of Sindh built a city on the further side of the lake, on which later the City of Mansurah stood, as a place of refuge for them. It is thus clear that the period of Confusion in the Caliphate during the last years of the Umayyads also witnessed the decline of Islamic power in India. 1 IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika cAra dazakoM ke itihAsa ke paryAlocana se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki jo araba zakti TarkI, IrAka, IrAna, aphagAnistAna Adi dezoM meM pracaNDa prAMdhI kI taraha bar3e vega se ina rASTroM para apanA Adhipatya sthApita karatI huI bar3hatI hI gaI, vaha cAlukya vaMzI kannauja rAja yazovarmana, kAzmIra ke rAjA lalitAditya, pratihAra vaMzIya rAjA nAgabhaTTa (dvitIya) dakSiNa gujarAta ke rAjyapAla cAlukyavaMzIya pulakezina Adi-Adi bhAratIya vIroM kI phaulAdI dIvAra se TakarAkara cakanAcUra ho gaI / marAja ke jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAoM aura usake dhArmika kArya kalApoM kA bappabhaTTIsUri ke itivRtta meM paricaya de diyA gayA hai| apanI Ayu ke kevala 6 mAsa avaziSTa rahane para grAmarAja ne bappabhaTTI ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA prArambha kI / aneka tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane ke pazcAt mAgagha tIrtha kI, nAva meM baiTha kara yAtrA karate samaya magaTor3A nAmaka grAma ke pAsa AmarAja ne jinendraprabhu kI zaraNa grahaNa kara bappabhaTTI se paMca parameSTi namaskAra mantra kA zravaraNa karate hue gaMgA kI dhArA ke pravAha ke madhya bhAga meM naukA meM hI vi0 saM0 860 kI bhAdrapada zuklA 5 ke dina apanI ihalIlA samApta kI / magaTor3A grAma meM hI grAmarAja kI mordhvadehikI kriyAeM sampanna kI gaIM / AmarAja ke pazcAt usakA pautra mihirabhoja kAnyakubja ke rAjasiMhAsana para (vi0 saM0 860 meM ) baiThA / mihirabhoja bhI parama zraddhAniSTha jaina rAjA thA / isane apane jIvana kAla meM jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra aura zrabhyudaya-abhyutthAna ke lie aneka ullekhanIya kArya kiye / mihirabhoja ne tappabhaTTI ke do paTTadharoM meM se eka paTTadhara prAcArya govindasUri ko apanI rAjasabhA meM rAjaguru ke rUpa meM rakhA / 1 Fhe Classical Age, page 173 -Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay. Page #720 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 433 paTTadhara prAcArya zrI lakSmIvallama 26 varSa vIra nirvANa samvat 1262 dIkSA " // 1321 prAcArya pada " // 1354 svargArohaNa , , , 1371 gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya. 33 varSa prAcArya paryAya 17 varSa pUrNa sAdhu paryAya pUrNa prAyu 76 varSa vIra nirvANa sambat 1354 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 42 veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI zaMkara sena ke svargastha ho jAne ke manantara caturvidha saMgha ne mahAmuni zrI lakSmIvallabha ko prabhu mahAvIra ke tayAlIsaveM (43) paTTadhara prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyaa| 50 varSa Page #721 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 44 veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI rAma RSi svAmI vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1304 1338 1371 1402 janma dIkSA prAcArya pada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya 34 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 33 varSa prAcArya paryAya 31 varSa pUrNa sAdhu paryAya 64 varSa pUrNa prAyu 68 varSa vIra nirvANa samvat 1371 meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 43 veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI lakSmIvallabha ke svargastha ho jAne ke pazcAt catuvidha saMgha ne mahAmuni zrI rAma RSi svAmI ko prabhu mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke 44 veM paTTadhara prAcArya pada para praSiSThita kiyA / 11 17 " "1 "1 17 11 Page #722 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bha0 mahAvIra ke 43 3 paTTadhara zrAcArya lakSmIvallabha aura 44 3 paTTadhara rAmaRSi svAmI ke samakAlIna paiMtIsaveM (35) yugapradhAnAcArya . dharma aSi / / / / janma vIra nirvANa samvat 1325 dIkSA . 1340 sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 1340 se 1360 yugapradhAnAcArya kAla 1360 se 1400 svarga - " , 1400 sarvAyu -- 75 varSa cAra mAsa aura cAra dina mADhara sambhUti ke pazcAt dharma RSi 35 veM yugapradhAnAcArya hue| ApakA janma vIra nirvANa sambata 1325 meM harA / prApa vIra nirvANa samvat 1340 meM zramaraNadharma meM pravajita hue / vIra nirvANa samvat 1360 meM 34 3 yugapradhAnAcArya mADhara sambhUti ke svargastha hone ke anantara caturvidha saMgha dvArA Apako yugapradhAnAcArya pada pradAna kiyA gayA / cAlIsa varSa taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada ke kAryabhAra ko bar3I yogyatA aura kuzalatA ke sAtha vahana karate hue Apane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| vIra nirvANa samvata 1400 meM 75 varSa 4 mAsa aura 4 dina kI Ayu pUrNa kara prAcArya dharma RSi ne samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| Page #723 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bhaTTAraka jinasena (paMcastUpAnvayo) (digambara paramparA) bhaTTAraka paramparA ke paMcastUpAnvaya-sena garaNa ke dhavalAkAra prAcArya vorasena ke ziSya jinasena vIra nirvANa kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke yazasvI granthakAra the| - jayadhavalA prazasti ke zloka saM. 22 ke ullekhAnusAra jinasena, jisa bAla vaya meM karNavedha saMskAra bhI nahIM hotA, usa bAla vaya meM hI paMcastUpAnvayI sena gaNa ke AcArya bhaTTAraka vIra sena ke pAsa zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita ho gaye the| jisa samaya jinasena apane guru ke pAsa bhaTTAraka paramparA meM dIkSita hue usa samaya unakI vaya kitanI hogI, isakA anumAnata: bodha karAne vAlA eka sAdhana hai / punnATa saMghIya jinasenAcArya ne zaka saM. 705 meM harivaMza purANa kI racanA pUrNa kii| harivaMza ke prArambha meM hI apane se pUrvavartI evaM samakAlIna kaviyoM ke smaraNa guNakIrtana ke sAtha sAtha zloka saM. 40 meM 'pArvAbhyudaya' ke racanAkAra paMcastUpAnvayI jinasena aura unake isa kAvya kI bhI prazaMsA kI gaI hai / zaka saM0 705 meM sampUrNa kiye gaye vizAla harivaMza purANa kI racanA meM pAMca-sAta varSa kA samaya to avazya lagA hogA / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki jinasena ne zaka saM0 665 se 700 ke boca kI avadhi meM 'pAzvAbhyudaya' kAvya kI racanA pUrNa kara dI thii| anyathA harivaMza purANa ke prArambha meM 'pAzvAbhyudaya' kA ullekha karanA punnATa saMghIya jinasena ke lie saMbhava nahIM ho pAtA / ' pArvAbhyudaya' jaise viddhAnoM dvArA prazaMsA pAne yogya utkRSTakoTi ke kAvya kI racanA ke liye kAvyAlaMkAra vyAkaraNa chandozAstra Adi ke prakANDa pANDitya ke sAtha vayaskatA kI bhI apekSA kI jAtI hai| __ 'pArvAbhyudaya' kAvya samasyApUAtmaka evaM sampUrNa meghadUta ko apane aMka meM pariveSTita (samAviSTa) kara lene vAlA eka aisA anupama khaNDa kAvya hai, jisakI tulanA meM anya kAvya nahIM Thahara sakate / 'meghadUta' kI kathAvastu hai virahI yakSa kA apanI preyasI ke prati viSaya-vAsanAoM ke puTa se saMpuTita saMdeza / isake viparIta 'pArvAbhyudaya' kI kathAvastu tyAga virAga se ota-prota pArzvanAtha-caritra hai / donoM kathAvastuoM meM AkAza pAtAla jaisA athavA amAvasyA kI andhakAra pUrNa kAlarAtri aura zarada pUrNimA kI cAMdanI rAta jaisA antara hai| isa prakAra kI ghora asamAnatA ke uparAnta bhI jinasena ne apane pArvAbhyudaya khaNDa kAvya meM meghadata ko samAviSTa karate hue apanI kRti se vidvAnoM ko vimugdha evaM vismita kara diyaa| isa prakAra kI adbhuta kSamatA prApta karane ke liye kama se kama 20 varSa kI vaya kA honA to parama Avazyaka hai| Page #724 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 666 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 ina tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vicAra karane para anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki pArzvabhyudaya kAvya kI racanA jisa samaya jinasena ne kI usa samaya unakI vaya 20 varSa kI hogI aura unakA janma zaka saM. 680 ke Asa-pAsa huA hogA / paugaNDa paudhAvasthA meM hI apane samaya ke utkRSTa koTi ke vidvAn vIra sena kI sevA meM rahate hue meghAvI jinasena ne kizora vaya meM hI vyAkaraNa kAvyAlaMkAra Adi viSayoM meM niSNAtatA prApta kara yauvana meM padArpaNa karane ke sAtha hI kAvya racanA ke kSetra meM praveza kiyA aura zaka saM. 700 meM anumAnataH 20 varSa kI Ayu meM hI 'pAzvabhyudaya' kAvya kA nirmANa kara diyaa| yaha zrAyu bIsa se Upara honA bhI sambhava hai / rat 'pAzvabhyudaya' kAvya kI racanA prAcArya jinasena ne apane jyeSTha guru bhrAtA vinayasena muni kI preraNA se kI, yaha isa kAvya kI prazasti meM ullikhita hai / isI prakAra sambhava hai ki apane kizora vaya ke medhAvI ziSya jinasena kI kAvya racanA meM 'adbhuta kSamatA se prasanna ho bhaTTAraka vIra sena ne unheM mahAbhArata ke samAna hI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM, bAraha cakravartiyoM, nau nArAyaNoM, nau baladevoM aura nau pratinArAyaNoM-yoM saba milAkara triSaSTi zalAkA puruSoM ke jIvana caritroM para vistAra pUrvaka prakAza DAlane vAle mahApurANa kI racanA kI preraNA kI ho| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki apane guru kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara jinasena ne Adi purANa aura uttara purANa ina do vizAla khaNDoM meM mahApurANa kI racanA kA saMkalpa kara usake pUrvAddha Adi purANa kI racanA 'pAzvabhyudaya' kAvya kI racanA ke svalpa kAla pazcAt hI prArambha kara dI ho / sambhava hai jinasena prAdi purANa ke kucha hI parvoM kI racanA kara pAye hoMge ki unake guru vIra sena ne 'SaTkhaNDAgama' para ghavalA TIkA kA nirmANa prArambha kara diyA ho / dhavalA TIkA ke nirmANa jaise zramasAdhya mahAn kArya meM vidvAna ziSyoM kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA anubhava karate hue vIra sena ne apane vidvAna ziSya jinasena kI dhavalA ke nirmANa kArya meM sahAyatA lI hogI / isa kAraNa sambhavataH mahApurANa kI racanA kA kArya jinasena ko sthagita karanA par3A / vIrasena ne vavalA TIkA kI racanA kA kArya zaka saM. 738 tadanusAra vi. saM. 873 (I. san 816) kI kArtika zuklA 13 budhavAra ke dina prAtaHkAla sampanna kiyA / 72 hajAra zloka pramANa ghavalA TIkA ke nirmANa meM unheM apane medhAvI vidvAna ziSya jinasena kI kama se kama do dazaka taka to sahAyatA kI anivArya rUpeNa zrAvazyakatA rahI hogI / ghavalA meM mariNapravAla zailI ko apanA kara vIrasena ne jaina vAGgamaya ke sabhI grantha ratnoM kA AloDana kara sthAna-sthAna para unake uddharaNa dene ke sAtha-sAtha jaTila praznoM kA samAdhAna karate hue isa vizAla grantha ko atIva sundara svarUpa dene meM jo athaka zrama kiyA hai aura jo zrama apane Page #725 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 667 ziSyoM se liyA hai use dekhate hue do dazaka jaise samaya kA laganA sahaja sambhava pratIta hotA hai| dhavalA ke nirmANa ke pazcAt dhuna dhanI karmaTha vidvAna vIrasena ne 'kaSAya pAhar3a' para jaya dhavalA TIkA kI racanA kA kArya apane hAtha meM liyA / isameM bhI jinasena kA ati zramapUrNa sakriya sahayoga avazya rahA hogaa| prAcArya bhaTTArakavara vIrasena 'kaSAya pAhar3a' para jayaghavalA TIkA kI 20 hajAra zloka pramANa hI racanA kara pAye the ki ve svargavAsI ho gye| isa prakAra jinasena apane guru ke kArya meM hAtha baTAte rahane ke kAraNa mahApurANa nirmANa ke kArya ko 25 se tIsa varSa kI avadhi taka koI vizeSa gati nahIM de sake / apane guru vIrasena ke divaMgata hone para jinasena ko sambhavataH apane guru ke anta samaya ke anurodha kI pUrti hetu apUrNa rahI jayadhavalA TIkA ko pUrNa karane meM juTanA par3A / kyoMki vIrasena kaSAyaprAbhRta ke prathama skaMdha kI cAra vibhaktiyoM para bIsa hajAra zloka pramANa jayadhavalA TIkA hI likha pAye the ki ve svargastha ho gye| bahuzru ta tatvadraSTA vIrasena guru kA varadahasta apane sira para se uTha jAne ke kAraNa jayadhavalA ko pUrNa karane meM jinasena ko pUre manoyoga se rAta-dina juTe rahanA pdd'aa| apane guru ke divaMgata hone ke anantara aneka varSoM taka jinasena ko jayadhavalA TIkA kI racanA ke kArya meM saMlagna rahanA par3A aura antatogatvA unhoMne zaka saM. 756 kI phAlguna zuklA dazamI ke dina, prAtaH kAlavATa grAma meM, nandIzvara mahotsava ke samaya, mahArAjA amoghavarSa ke zAsana kAla meM, jaya dhavalA kI TIkA kI racanA pUrNa kI, jisakA ki jaya dhavalA kI prazasti meM jinasena ne ullekha kiyA hai : iti zrIvIrasenIyA, TIkA suutraarthdshinii| vATagrAmapure zrImad gurjarAryAnupAlite / / 6 / / phAlgune mAsi pUrvAhna, dazamyAM zukla pakSake / pravardhamAna pUjoru-nandIzvara mahotsave / / 7 / / amoghavarSa rAjendra rAjya prAjya gunnodyaa| niSThitA pracayaM yAyAdAkalpAntamanalpikA // 8 // ekonaSaSTi samadhikasaptazatAbdeSu zaka narendrasya / samatIteSu samAptA, jayadhavalA prAmRtavyAkhyA // 6 // jinasena ke guru vIrasena ne jayadhavalA kI 20 hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA kI racanA kI thii| usake Age jinasena ne 40 hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA kI racanA kara ise pUrNa kiyaa| isa prakAra vIrasena dvArA racita dhavalA TIkA 72 hajAra Page #726 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 668 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 IMAir in zloka pramANa aura jayaghavalA nAmaka 'kaSAya pAhuDa' kI 20 hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA vIrasena dvArA aura 40 hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA jinasena dvArA nirmita kI gii| isa prakAra prAcArya vIrasena aura prAcArya jinasena- ina donoM guru ziSya ne milakara 1,32,000 zloka pramANa dhavalA aura jayadhavalA nAmaka do vizAla TIkA granthoM kI racanA kii| ___ isa mahAna kArya meM jinasena apane guru ke jIvanakAla meM unake sAtha aura unake divaMgata hone para apane guru bhrAtA zrIpAla aura apane ziSya guNadhara ke sAtha kama se kama tIsa varSa taka pUrNataH vyasta rahe hoNge| apane gurubhrAtA zrIpAla ko to jayadhavalA kA saMpAlaka arthAt sucAru rUpeNa lAlana-pAlana karane vAlA batAyA hai|' jinasena ko tosarI mahAn kRti 'prAdi purANa' jayaghavalA TIkA pUrNa karane ke anantara apane jIvana ke antima varSoM meM jinasena ne apane guru ke mahAbhArata purANa jaise hI jaina paramparA ke mahApurANa kI racanA ke svapna ko sAkAra karane kA kArya punaH apane hAtha meM lete hue isake pUrvArddha 'Adi purANa' kI agretara racanA prArambha kii| jayaghavalA TIkA kI racanA se pUrva ve 'Adi purANa' ko kisa parva taka racanA kara cuke the aura usake pazcAt kitane varSoM taka ve isakI racanA meM saMlagna rahe ina saba tathyoM kA ullekha kahIM upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa isa sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / upalabdha tathyoM ke AdhAra para kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki Adi purANa ke saba milAkara 47 pavoM meM se prAcArya jinasena pUre 42 pavoM kA aura 43 veM parva ke tIna zlokoM kA nirmANa kara pAye the ki ve divaMgata ho gye| 'prAdi purANa' vastuta: saMskRta bhASA kA eka ucca koTi kA mahAkAvya hai| isameM prAya: sabhI chandoM, rasoM aura alaMkAroM ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| sUktiyoM kA to 'prAdi purANa' ko samRddha nidhAna kahA jA sakatA hai / utkRSTa koTi ke mahAkAvya meM jisa prakAra ke lakSaNa hone cAhie, ve sabhI lakSaNa 'mahApurANa' meM vidyamAna haiN| zaka saM0 705 meM pUrNa kiye gaye apane grantha 'harivaMza purANa' kI Adi meM punnATa saMghIya prAcArya jinasena kI aura inako lAlityapUrNa kAvyakRti 'pAzvAbhyudaya' 1 TIkA zrI jayacihnito'ru dhavalA sUtrArtha saMddhAtinI / sthayAdAravicandramujjvalatapaH shriipaalsNpaalitaa| (jayadhavalA, pRSTha 43) Page #727 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] / 669 kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki jayaghavalAkAra prAcArya jinasena kA janma zaka saM. 675 ke AsapAsa huA hogA / zaka saM. 738 meM jaba AcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA TIkA kI racanA pUrNa kI, usa samaya unakI lagabhaga 63 varSa kI Ayu ho gaI hogii| usake anantara 40 hajAra zloka pramANa avaziSTa jayadhavalA TIkA pUrNa karane aura tatpazcAt Adi purANa ke 42 parvo aura 43veM parva ke 3 zloka-- kula milAkara 10380 zlokoM ke nirmANa meM kama se kama 25 varSa taka to unheM zrama karanA hI par3A hogA / ina saba tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vicAra karane para anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki lagabhaga 88 athavA 60 varSa kI prAyu pUrNa kara prAcArya jinasena zaka saM. 765 ke pAsa-pAsa svargavAsI hae hoNge| isa prakAra unakA jIvana kAla zaka saM. 675 se 765 tadanusAra vi. saM. 810 se 100 ke bIca kA anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAcArya jinasena zaizavAvasthA ko pAra kara bAlavaya meM hI vIrasena ke pAsa dIkSita ho gaye the ataH vIrasena hI unake zikSA guru bhI rahe aura dIkSA guru bhii| AcArya jinasena vastutaH apane guru ke anurUpa hI karmaTha vidvAn the mora ve lagabhaga 70-75 varSa taka jaina vAMgmaya aura jinazAsana kI sevA meM nirata rhe| Page #728 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zAkaTAyana-pAlyakoti prAcArya zAkaTAyana kI bhArata ke pATha zAbdiko arthAt vaiyAkaraNoM meM pAMcaveM aura pANinI tathA amarasiMha se bhI pUrva sthAna para gaNanA kI gaI hai| zAkaTAyana kA aparanAma pAlyakIrti bhI hai| AcArya zAkaTAyana yApanIya paramparA ke mahAn. prAcArya aura granthakAra the / prastuta grantha meM yApanIya paramparA ke prakaraNa meM yApanIya paramparA ke paricaya ke sAtha-sAtha prAcArya zAkaTAyana Adi katipaya prAcAryoM kI racanAmoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai|' zAkaTAyana dvArA racita nimnalikhita grantha upalabdha hote haiM :1. zabdAnuzAsana / 2. zabdAnuzAsana kI svopajJa amoghavRtti / 3. strImukti prkrnn| 4. kevalI bhukti prakaraNa / zAkaTAyana kA 'zabdAnuzAsana' aneka zatAbdiyoM taka pUrva kAla meM sampUrNa bhArata kA lokapriya vyAkaraNa rahA hai| pAlyakIti aura inake 'zabdAnuzAsana' kI prazaMsA karate hue vAdirAja sUrI ne 'pArzvanAtha caritra' meM likhA hai : kutastyA tasya sA zaktiH pAlyakIrtermahaujasaH / zrIpada-zravaNaM yasya, zabdikAn kurute janAn / / arthAt-una mahAn projasvI pAlyakIrti kI acintya zakti kI mahimA kina zabdoM meM kI jAya-vaha zakti unheM kahAM se prApta huI ki jo isakA kevala "zrI" yaha eka pada sunane mAtra se hI yaha logoM ko zabda zAstra meM pAraMgata vaiyAkaraNa banA detI hai| pAlyakIrti ke 'zabdAnuzAsana' para 'svopajJa amoghavRtti' ke atirikta 6 anya TIkAeM (1) zAkaTAyana nyAsa (2) cintAmaNi laghIyasI TIkA (3) mariNa prakAzikA (4) prakriyA saMgraha (5) zAkaTAyana TIkA aura tamila ke dazavIM zatAbdI ke jaina vaiyAkaraNa amita sAgara ke ziSya dayApAla muni dvArA racita (6) rUpa siddhi| ' prastuta grantha, pR0 190-251 Page #729 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 671 pAlyakIrti ne zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa-zabdAnuzAsana kI svopajJa vRtti kA zubhArambha "zrImamata jyotiH" isa Adi maMgalAcaraNa se kiyA hai| vAdirAjasari ne isI 'zrI' ko lakSya kara uparyukta zloka meM yaha bAta kahI hai ki zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ko prArambha karate hI vyakti vyAkaraNa kA vidvAn bana jAtA hai| zAkaTAyana ne zabdAnuzAsana kI amoghavRtti ke aneka sUtroM meM yApanIya saMgha kI mAnyatAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / ve sabhI zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ke samAna haiN| vAdirAja sUri se bhI pAlyakIrti kI prazaMsA karane meM Age bar3hakara yakSavarmA ne cintAmaNi TIkA meM pAlyakIrti ke liye sakalajJAna "sAmrAjya pada mAptavAn" isa vAkya se yahAM taka kaha diyA hai ki pAlyakIrti ne sampUrNa jJAna ke sAmrAjya pada arthAt sArvabhauma samrATa cakravartI kA pada prApta kara liyA thaa| uparyukta ullekhoM para vicAra karane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pAlyakIrti kI khyAti dUra-dUra taka phaila gaI thI aura jisa prakAra hemacandrAcArya kI uttarI bhArata meM aura mukhyataH gujarAta va rAjasthAna meM kalikAla sarvajJa ke rUpa meM prasiddhi ho gaI thI, ThIka usI prakAra bhArata ke sudUrastha pradezoM meM vizeSataH sampUrNa dakSiNApatha meM pAlyakIti kI "sakala jJAna sAmrAjya samrATa" ke rUpa meM aura sampUrNa bhArata meM mahAn vaiyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM prasiddhi ho gaI thii| pAlyakIrti jaise uccakoTi ke vidvAn ne aura bhI aneka granyoM kI racanAyeM kI hoMgI, kintu yApanIya paramparA ke vilupta hone ke pranantara yApanIya paramparA ke vipula mAhitya ke sAtha saMbhava hai pAlyakIrti dvArA racita katipaya grantha bhI dUsarI paramparAmoM dvArA apane sAhitya ke antargata samAviSTa kara liye gaye hoM athavA sArasamhAla, dekha-rekha karane vAle yApanIya paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM tathA upAsakaupAsikAmoM ke prabhAva meM naSTa ho gaye hoN| isa prakAra kI pAzaMkA nirAdhAra bhI nahIM hai / inhIM vidvAn pAlyakIrti kI mAnyatA kA ullekha karate hue rAjazekhara ne kAvya mImAMsA meM pAlyakIrti ke kisI anya kA uddharaNa diyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : "yathA tathA vAstu-vastuno rUpaM vakta prakRtivizeSAyattAtu rsvttaa| tathA cAyamarthariktaH stauti, te virakto vinindati, madhyasthastu tatrodAste iti paalykiirtiH|" isa uddharaNa se yaha siddha hotA hai ki pAlyakIrti kA koI eka aisA anya pUrvakAla meM vidyamAna thA jisase ki rAjazekhara ne isa gadya ko apane grantha meM ubAta ' vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye prastuta grantha kA yApanIya prakaraNa (paSTha 190-251) dekheN| Page #730 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 672 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 kiyA hai / uddharaNa to kAvya mImAMsA meM hone se surakSita raha gayA kintu pAlyakIrti kA vaha grantha vilupta ho gayA aura zrAja usakA nAma taka kisI ko jJAta nahIM hai / pAlya kIrti - zAkaTAyana kA samaya pAtyakIrti ke sattA kAla ko jJAta karane ke aneka sAdhana vidyamAna haiM para zrAvazyakatA hai una sAdhanoM kI khoja ke liye zrama karane kI / pAlyakIrti ne apane zabdAnuzAsana ke sUtra "khyAte dRSye" kI TIkA karate hue udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai : "pradahadamoghavarSa prArAtIn " -- zrarthAt amoghavarSa ne apane zatrunoM ko jalA diyA / ' pAlyakIrti ke isa ullekha meM pramoghavarSa dvArA apane zatruoM ke saMhAra kI puSTi karane vAlA eka zilAlekha zaka saM. 832 kA upalabdha huA hai, jisameM usa ghaTanA kA ullekha karate hue isa vAkya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai - "bhUpAlAn kaNTakAbhAn veSTayitvA dadAha / " arthAt - apane rAjya ke liye kaNTaka tulya ( kAMToM ke samAna) vidrohI rAjAoM ko ghera kara rASTrakUTa rAjarAjezvara amoghavarSa ne unheM jalA diyA / isa ghaTanA kI puSTi karane vAlA konnUra jilA dhAravAr3a kA zaka saM. 782 kA taleyUra grAma ke dAna kA vaha zilAlekha hai - jisameM yaha ullekha hai ki vidrohI rAjAnoM dvArA sazastra vidroha kiye jAne kI bAta sunakara pramoghavarSa ne apane mahAsAmanta baMkeya ko prAdeza de una para AkramaNa kara unheM pUrNataH naSTa kara diyA / 3 yaha to eka nirvivAda aitihAsika tathya hai ki rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA amoghavarSa kA zAsana kAla zaka saM: 736 se zaka saM. 767 taka rahA aura amoghavarSa kI prajJA se usake sAmanta baMkeya ne zaka saM. 772 meM aneka vidrohiyoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra kara aura anekoM vidrohiyoM ko bandI banAkara isa vidroha ko pUrNata: kucala DAlA / yaha pramoghavarSa ke zAsana kAla kA tIsarA aura antima vidroha thA, isake pazcAt usake zAsanakAla meM kabhI vidroha nahIM huA / anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha zilAlekha zatrudamana kI ghaTanA ke 10 varSa pazcAt likhA gayA ho, jaisA ki prAyaH hotA AyA hai / karnATaka yApanIyoM kA sudRDha gar3ha athavA kendra sthala thA / pAtyakIrti apane 'zabdAnuzAsana' para usa samaya svopajJa pramoghavRtti kI racanA meM saMlagna hoMge aura bahuta sambhava hai ki mAnyakheTa meM hI hoM / jaba unhoMne sunA ki amoghavarSa ne apane " epigrAphikA iMDikA, bolyUma - 1, peja 54 * jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekha saMkhyA 127, pRSTha 141 se 150 3 prastuta graMtha (jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga - 3) pRSTha 262 Page #731 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 673 zatruoM ko jalAkara dhvasta kara diyA hai to 'khyAte dRzye' arthAt nikaTa bhUta meM ghaTita huI prasiddha bar3I ghaTanA ke sambandha meM apanI vRtti meM udAharaNa svarUpa "pradahata" kA prayoga kara diyaa| pAlya kIrti ke samaya ke sunizcita rUpeNa nirdhAraNa ke liye yahI eka pramANa paryApta hai ki pAlyakIrti ne zaka saM. 772 meM (apane kAla ke 36veM varSa meM) apane 'zabdAnuzAsana' para svopajJa amoghavRtti kI racanA zaka saM 772-773 meM athavA do cAra varSa pazcAt kii| uparivariNata zaka saM0 832 kA zilAlekha amoghavarSa kI mRtyu ke 35 varSa pazcAt kA aura dUsarA zaka saM 782 kA konnUra kA zilAlekha saM. 127 hai| amoghavarSa kI mRtyu se 15 varSa pUrva kaa| ye donoM abhilekha amoghavarSa dvArA zatruoM ke saMhAra kI ghaTanA kI puSTi ke liye sakSama pramANa haiM / para pAlyakIti ne svopajJa amoghavRtti kI racanA zaka saM. 772 meM kii| isakI puSTi ke liye to amoghavarSa dvArA zaka saM. 772 meM apane zatrunoM ke dhvasta kiye jAne kI ghaTanA kA samaya hI sakSama hai| Page #732 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ jaina granthakAra mahArAjAdhirAja amoghavarSa napataMga vIra nirvANa samvat 1375 ke AsapAsa rASTrakUTavaMzIya mahArAjAdhirAja amoghavarSa (prathama) aparanAma nRpatuMga ne 'kavirAja mArgAlaMkAra' kI aura 1400 ke AsapAsa 'ratnamAlikA' kI racanA kii| 'ratnamAlikA' kI prazasti meM svayaM napatuMgaamoghavarSa ne likhA hai : vivekAtyakta rAjyena, rAjJeyaM ratnamAlikA / racitAmoghavarSeNa, . sudhiyAM sadalaMkRti / / isa prazasti zloka se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mahArAjA amoghavarSa ne I. san 875 (vIra nirvANa samvat 1402) meM rAjya kA tyAga karake jaina muniyoM ke satsaMga meM rahakara Atma sAdhanA karate samaya 'ratnamAlikA' nAmaka isa grantha kI racanA kii| mahArAjA amoghavarSa apane samaya kA mahAna yoddhA hone ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma ke prati pragADha niSThA rakhane vAlA vidvAna grantha nirmAtA bhI thaa| isa rAjA ne vastuta: aneka saMgrAmoM meM vijaya prApta karate samaya zastrAstroM ke prahAroM se zatruoM ke saMhAra ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM ke zarIra ke aMga pratyaMga ko zatroM dvArA kiye gaye prahAroM ke ghAvoM se maMDita kara aura rAja siMhAsana kA svecchApUrvaka parityAga kara apanA antima samaya jainAcAryoM ke pAsa adhyAtma sAdhanA meM bitAte hue 'je kamme sUrA te dhamme sarA' isa ArSokti ko akSarakSaH satya siddha kara btaayaa| Page #733 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zolAMkAcArya apara nAma zIlAcArya tathA vimala mati vIra nirvANa kI caudahavIM zatAbdI meM prAkRta bhASA ke ucca koTi ke grantha 'cauvanna mahApurisa cariyaM' ke racanAkAra AcArya zIlAMka, apara nAma vimalamati / tathA zIlAcArya prAkRta bhASA ke udbhaTa vidvAn evaM mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiM / zIlAMkAcArya nAma ke tIna vidvAn prAcArya bhinna-bhinna samaya meM hue haiN| unameM eka zIlAMkAcArya kA mahAn kozakAra ke rUpa meM jaina vAMgmaya meM ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, para vaha koza vartamAna kAla meM kahIM upalabdha nahIM hai / dUsare zIlAMkAcArya ve haiM jinhoMne vIra ni0 saM0 1403 meM prAcArAMga-TIkA kI racanA kI, inakA yathAzakya pUrA paricaya diyA jA cukA hai| inhIM zIlAMkAcArya ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA kA aura jIvasamAsavRtti kI racanAeM kii| isI nAma ke tIsare vidvAn AcArya haiM zIlAMka-zIlAcArya athavA vimalamati prAcArya / inhoMne vi0 saM0 625 meM "cauvannamahApurisacariyaM" nAmaka ucca koTi ke caritragrantha kI prAkRta bhASA meM racanA kii| ApakA jIvanavRtta jaina, vAMgmaya ke vibhinna granthoM meM bikharA huA upalabdha hotA hai| una saba granthoM ke AdhAra para Apake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko kramabaddha rUpa se eka jagaha likhA jAya to ApakA jIvanaparicaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM diyA jA sakatA hai : prabhAvakacaritra ke anusAra zrI sarvadevasari ne koraMTaka nagara ke caityavAsI upAdhyAya devacandra ko pratibodha dekara vanavAsI paramparA meM dIkSita kiyA / devacandra ne vanavAsI paramparA meM dIkSita hone ke pazcAt ghora tapazcaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyaa| unakI vidvattA se prabhAvita hokara zrI sarvadevasUri ne vArANasI meM devacandra muni ko prAcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| jisa samaya devasUri ko prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA, usa samaya ve paryAptarUpeNa vayo-vaddha ho cuke the, isa kAraNa ve vRddhadevasUri ke nAma se loka meM vikhyAta hue| vRhat pauSadhazAlika paTTAvalI meM ullekha hai ki ina vRddha devasUri ko vanavAsI paramparA ko punarujjIvita karane vAle prAcArya sAmantabhadra ke uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA gayA thA / vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai: "siri vajjaseNasUri, kulaheU caMdasUritappaTTe / sAmantabhaddasuguru, varaNavAsa ruIvirAyeNa // 6 // sirivuDDhadevasUri, pajjoyaraNa mAraNadeva murigadevA........ // 7 // ' zrI deva vimalagaNi dvArA racita "zrI manmahAvIra paTTadhara paramparA" ke zloka saM0 65-70 meM isakA spaSTa ullekha hai| Page #734 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 676 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 3 vRddhadevasari ke pazcAt unake paTTadhara pradyotanasUri hue| pradyotanasUri ke upadezoM se prabhAvita evaM prabaddha hokara nADola nivAsI zreSThi jinadatta ko patiparAyaNa dharmapatnI dhAriNI kI kUkSi se utpanna mAnadeva ne zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| udyotanasUri ke pAsa niSThApUrvaka adhyayana kara kuzAgrabuddhi mAnadeva ne aneka vidyAoM meM prakANDa pANDitya evaM jaina siddhAntoM meM niSNAtatA prApta kI / anta meM sabhI bhAMti suyogya samajha kara udyotanasUri ne apane ziSya mAnadeva ko AcArya pada pradAna kiyA / AcArya pada pradAna karate samaya mAnadeva ke parama prabhAvaka bhavya vyaktitva evaM sammohaka saundarya ko dekha kara pradyotana sUri ko mana hI mana yaha zaMkA utpanna huI ki isa prakAra ke sammohaka vyaktitva kA dhanI yaha mAnadeva AcArya pada kI sattA prApta ho jAne ke bAda saMyama-mArga meM kisa prakAra sthira raha sakegA? kahIM yaha Age calakara saMyama mArga se cyuta to nahIM ho jAyegA? iMgitajJa mAnadeva sUri ne apane ArAdhya gurudeva ke manobhAvoM ko samajha liyA aura tatkSaraNa unhoMne hAtha jor3akara apane guru se nivedana kiyA ki bhagavan ! maiM jIvana bhara ke liye ghRta dadhi dUdha taila Adi sabhI prakAra kI vikRtiyoM kA tyAga karatA huuN| AcArya pada para AsIna hone ke pazcAt ghora tapazcaraNa karate hue zrI mAnadeva sUri ne jina zAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kii| unakI tapasyA ke prabhAva se aneka prakAra kI labdhiyAM evaM siddhiyAM svataH hI Akara unake adhIna ho gii| prabhAvaka caritra aura aneka anya granthoM tathA paTTAvaliyoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha hai ki tapodhana mAnadeva sUri kI sevA meM jayA aura vijayA nAmakI do deviyAM sadA upasthita rahatI thiiN| ___ udhara samRddha zrAvakoM aura caityoM se suzobhita takSazilA nagarI meM bhayaMkara mahAmArI kA prakopa prArambha ho gyaa| caturvidha saMgha ne mahAmArI kI zAnti ke lie aneka prakAra ke prayatnAdi kiye kintu mahAmArI kA prakopa uttarottara bar3hatA hI gyaa| caturvidha saMgha ne aura koI upAya na dekhakara vIradatta nAma ke eka zrAvaka ko - ' padapradAnAvasare samIkSya sAkSAttadaMsoparivANipadma / rAjyAdiva kSoNipurandarasya bhranzo'sya bhAvo niyamasthitehA / / 72 // itthaM guru svaM vimanAyamAnamAlokya lokezvaragItakIttiH / tatyAja yaH SaDvikRtIvratIMdraH SaDAMtarArIniva jetukAmaH // 73 / / (zrImanmahAvIra paTTa paramparA) 2 prabhAvAd brahmaNastasya mAnadevaprabhostadA / zrI jayAvijayAdevyo nityaM praNamataH kramau // 25 // (prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 118) Page #735 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 677 mAnadeva sUri kI sevA meM nADola isa vijJapti ke sAtha preSita kiyA ki ve caturvidha saMgha kI kRpA kara mahAmArI ke karAla gAla se rakSA kreN| jisa vakta bIradatta zrAvaka nADola mAnadeva sUri ke upAzraya meM pahuMcA usa samaya jayA aura vijayA devI unake mukhAravinda para dRSTi lagAye unakI paryupAsanA kara rahI thiiN| yaha dekhakara zrAvaka vIradatta ko isa prakAra kI zaMkA huI ki ekAnta meM striyoM se niSevita ina prAcArya meM mahAmArI ko dUra karane kI zakti kaise ho sakatI hai / jayA aura vijayA ne usake manogata bhAvoM ko jAnakara usakI bhartsanA kI aura kahA :"jahAM isa prakAra ke adhama zrAvaka nAmadhArI rahate haiM vahAM mahAmArI se bhI ati bhayaMkara anyAnya prakopa ho sakate haiN|" vIradatta zrAvaka ne apane durvicAroM ke liye pazcAttApa karate hue deviyoM se . kSamAyAcanA kii| karuNAsindhu mAnadeva sUri ne zrI zAntistava nAmaka mantra likhavAkara diyA aura saMgha ko kahalavAyA ki isakA nirantara jApa kiyA jAya / vIradatta zrAvaka se zrImAnadeva sUri dvArA preSita zAntistava ke sAmUhika jApa se mahAmArI kA prakopa tatkAla zAnta ho gyaa| kAlAntara meM yavanoM dvArA takSazilA para AkramaNa kiyA gyaa| yavanoM ne takSazilA nivAsiyoM kI sampatti evaM prANoM Adi ko bhayaMkara kSati pahuMcAte hue takSazilA ko dhvasta kara diyA, aura isa prakAra jayA vijayA kA kathana satya huaa| niti kula ke inhIM mahAna prabhAvaka mAnadeva sari ke ziSya the zIlAMkAcArya, zIlAcArya athavA vimala sari / ina vimalamati prAcArya zIlAMka ne vikrama samvat 625 meM 'cauvana mahApuruSa cariyaM' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI, joki prAkRta sAhitya kA eka anamola grantharatna hai|| isase adhika zIlAMkAcArya kA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| Page #736 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zIlAMkAcArya (aparanAma tatvAcArya) vIra nirvANa kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura 15vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kI bIca kI avadhi ke prAcArya zIlAMka kA nAma devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla ke AgamamarmajJa AcAryoM meM zIrSa sthAna para prAtA hai / de apane, tatvAcArya-isa apara nAma se bhI vikhyAta rahe haiM / prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne ApakA eka aura apara nAma 'koTyAcArya' bhI diyA hai| Apa saMskRta aura prAkRta-donoM hI bhASAoM ke bar3e hI uccakoTi ke viziSTa vidvAna the / apane samaya meM zIlAMkAcArya AgamoM ke sAdhikArika prAmANika vidvAna mAne jAte the| gar3hArthoM evaM anekArthoM se otaprota durUha AgamoM ko sAdhu-sAdhvI samUha evaM mumukSa sAdhaka una prAgama-pAThoM ko sugamatApUrvaka samajha kara hRdayaMgama kara sakeM, isa parama paropakAra kI bhAvanA se anuprANita ho prAcArya zIlAMka ne 'svAntaH sukhAya samaSTi-hitAya ca'-prabhAcandrasari ke ullekhAnusAra AcArAMgAdi gyArahoM aMgoM para TIkAoM kI racanA kii| zIlAMkAcArya dvArA racita una gyAraha aMgazAstroM kI TIkAnoM meM se vartamAna kAla meM kevala prAcArAMga-TIkA aura sUtrakRtAMga-TIkA-ye do TIkAeM hI upalabdha hotI haiN| zeSa 6 AgamoM para Apa dvArA nirmita TIkAeM vartamAnakAla meM anupalabdha haiM, isa bAta kA prabhAvaka caritra meM spaSTa ullekha hai| abhayadevasari ne 'vyAkhyAprajJapti-satra kI svayaM dvArA nirmita TIkA meM, apane se pUrva ke TIkAkAra kA sthAna-sthAna para ullekha kiyA hai, isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki vyAkhyA prajJapti kI TIkA kI racanA karate samaya abhayadevasari ke samakSa zIlAMkAcArya dvArA nirmita vyAkhyA prajJapti kI TIkA thii| abhayadevasUri ke atirikta anya kisI ne vyAkhyA prajJapti para unase pUrva TIkA kI racanA kI ho, isa prakAra kA koI ullekha kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isase bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki prAcArya zIlAMka ne prAcArya prabhAcandra ke kathanAnusAra vyAkhyAprajJapti Adi sabhI aMgoM para TIkAeM likhI thiiN| ' zrI zIlAMkaH purA koMTayAcAryanAmnA prasiddhimaH / vRttimekAdazAMgyA: sa, vidaghe dhautakalmaSa: / / 104 / / aMgadvayaM vinAnyeSAM, kAlAducchedamAyayuH / vRttayastatra saMghAnugrahAyAdya kurUdyamam / 10 / / (prabhAvaka caritra, (16 abhayadevasUricaritam ) pRSTha 164) 2 ayaM ca prAgvyAkhyAto namaskArAdiko grantho vRttikRtA na vyAkhyAtaH kuto'pi kAraNAditi / (vyAkhyA prajJapti TIkA ratalAma saMskaraNa, pRSTha 10) Page #737 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI AcArya ] [ 676 brahmadvIpika zAkhA ke prAcArya gandhahasti ne gyArahoM aMgoM para vivaraNa likhe the, isa prakAra kA ullekha 'himavaMta sthavirAvalI' meM upalabdha hotA hai| vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai : Arya revatInakSatrANAM prArya siMhAkhyA ziSyA abhavan / te ca brahmadvIpikazAkhopalakSitA abhavan / teSAmArya siMhAnAM sthavirANAM madhumitrArya skaMdilAcArya nAmAnau dvau ziSyAvabhatAm / Arya madhumitrANAM ziSyA Arya gandhahastino'tIva vidvAMsaH prabhAvakAzcAbhavan / taizca pUrvasthavirokta somAsvAtivAcakaracita tatvArtho'pari azItisahasa zloka pramANaM mahAbhASyaM racitaM / ekAdazAMgopari cArya skaMdila sthavirANAmuparodhatastai vivaraNAni racitAni / yaduktaM tadracitAcArAMga vivaraNAnte yathA : therassa mahumittassa, sehehi tipuvvanAgajuttehiM / muriNagaNavivaMdiehiM, vavagayarAgAi dosehiM / / 1 // baMbhadIviyasAhAmaur3ehi, gaMdhahatthi vibudhehiM / vivaraNameyaM raiyaM, do saya vAsesu vikkamayo / / 2 // ." svalpamati bhikSUNAmupakArArtha cAryaskaMdila sthavirottaMsa preritA gandhahastina ekAdazAMgAnAM vivaraNAni bhadrabAhusvAmivihitaniyukta yanusAreNa cakraH / tataH prabhati ca pravacanametatsakalamapi mAthurIvAcanAyA bhArate prasiddha bbhuuv| mathurAnivAsinA zramaNopAsakavareNauzavaMzavibhUSaNena polAkAbhidhena tatsakalamapi pravacanaM gaMdhahastikRtavivaraNopetaM tAlapatrAdiSu lekhayitvA bhikSubhyaH svAdhyAyArtha samarpitam / ' arthAt brahmadIpikA zAkhA ke prAdya prAcArya siMha ke madhumitra aura Arya skandilAcArya nAmaka do ziSya the| prAcArya madhumitra ke ziSya prArya gandhahasti mahAn prabhAvaka aura vidvAn the| unhoMne umAsvAti dvArA racita tatvArthasUtra para 80 hajAra zloka pramANa mahAbhASya kI racanA kii| prArya skandilAcArya ke anurodha para Arya gandhahasti ne gyAraha aMgoM para vivaraNoM kI racanA kI / jaisA ki Arya gandhahasti dvArA nirmita prAcArAMga sUtra ke vivaraNoM ke anta meM ullekha hai : "sthavira madhumitra ke ziSya viziSTa vidvAn gandhahAsta ne, jo ki tIna pUvoM ke jJAna ke dhAraka, munigaNoM dvArA vandita, rAgadveSa vihIna aura ' sva. paM. zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja kI kRpA se unake bhaNDAra kI hastalikhita prati se likhita himavanta sthviraavlii| prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra jayapura meM upalabdha, pRSTha 61 / Page #738 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 680 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 brahmadvIpika zAkhA ke mukuTa tulya the, vikrama saM. 200 meM isa vivaraNa kI racanA kii| AcArAMga sUtra ke zastraparijJA nAmaka prathama adhyayana para vivaraNa likhate samaya zIlAMkAcArya ne pUrvAcArya zrI gandhahasti dvArA isa adhyayana para likhe gaye vivaraNa ko ati gahana batAte hae usameM se sAra grahaNa kara prathama adhyayana kI TIkA karane kA nimnalikhita rUpa meM saMkalpa kiyA zastraparijJAvivaraNamatibahugahanaM ca gandhahastikRtam / tasmAtsukhabodhArtha, gRhNAmyahamaMjasA sAram / / 3 / / zastraparijJA adhyayana para vivaraNa likha cukane ke anantara bhI zIlAMka ne likhA hai-"gandhahasti dvArA prAcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zra taskandha ke zastraparijJA nAmaka prathama adhyayana para pUrva meM jo vivaraNa likhA gayA thA, vaha atIva gahana thA, usa para mere dvArA vivaraNa kA lekhana sampanna kara diyA gayA hai| aba maiM AcArAMga ke zeSa adhyayanoM para vivaraNa likhatA huuN|" isI prakAra AcArAMga-prathama zra taskandha ke 6The adhyayana para vivaraNa likha cakane ke anantara prAcArya zIlAMka ne AThaveM adhyayana para vivaraNa likhA, prArambha karane se pUrva likhA hai-"prAcArAMga"-prathama zru taskandha kA mahAparijJA nAmaka saptama adhyayana vilupta ho cukA hai ata: maiM aba pAThaveM adhyayana kA vivecana prArambha kara rahA huuN| prAcArya zIlAMka dvArA AcArAMga TIkA meM kiye gaye ina do ullekhoM se do mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika tathyoM para spaSTa rUpa se prakAza par3atA hai| eka to isa tathya para ki gandhahasti dvArA zastraparijJA nAmaka (prAcArAMga) prathama zru taskandha ke prathama adhyayana para gandhahasti dvArA eka ati gahana aura vizada vivaraNa likhA gayA thaa| dUsare isa tathya para zaka saM0 768 tadanusAra vikrama saM0 633 evaM vIra nirvANa saM0 1403 meM jaba ki prAcArya zIlAMka ne prAcArAMga para vivaraNAtmaka TIkA kI racanA kI, usase pUrva hI AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zra taskandha kA mahAparijJA nAmaka sAtavAM adhyayana vyavacchinna arthAt vilupta ho gayA thaa| prAcArAga aura sUtrakRtAMga -- ina donoM sUtroM para zIlAMkAcArya ne jo vivaraNAtmaka TIkAeM likhI haiM, unameM TIkAkAra ne kevala zabdArtha taka hI sImita na raha kara mUla sUtra, niyukti evaM zastraparijJA adhyayana para gandhahasti dvArA likhe gaye vivaraNa-ina sabako vistRta vyAkhyA kI paridhi meM lete hue pratyeka viSaya para talasparzI vivecana vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai / zIlAMka dvArA racita vivaraNa ko varNana Page #739 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 681 zailI bar3I hI sundara hone ke kAraNa sahaja subodhya hai| isa prakAra "tasmAtsukhabodhArtha"-apane isa prArambha meM hI kiye gaye saMkalpa kA sucArurUpeNa anta taka nirvahana kiyA hai| prAcArya zIlAMka ne AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ina donoM sUtroM para kisa samaya, kisa sthAna para, kisakI sahAyatA se TIkAoM kI racanA kI aura ve kisa paramparA ke prAcArya the, svayaM unhoMne ina saba bAtoM para prakAza DAlate hue likhA dvAsaptatyadhikeSu hi zateSu saptasu gateSu guptAnAm / saMvatsareSu mAsi ca bhAdrapade zukla paMcamyAm // 1 // zIlAcAryeNa kRtA gambhUtAyAM sthitena ttiikaissaa| samyagupayujya zodhyaM, mAtsaryavinAkRtarAya / / 2 / / isa prakAra kA ullekha devacanda lAlabhAI pu0 phaMDa se prakAzita zIlAMkAcArya dvArA racita TIkA sahita AcArAMga sUtra (patra 316) meM hai| rAya dhanapatasiMha dvArA kalakattA se prakAzita AcArAMga sUtra saTIka ke anta meM zIlAMkAcArya dvArA dI gaI puSpikA meM nimnalikhita zloka diye hue haiM : AcAra-TIkA-karaNe yadApta, puNyaM mayA mokSagamaikahetuH / tenApanIyA zubharAzimuccarAcAramArgapravaraNo'stu lokaH / 1 / / zakanRpakAlAtItasaMvatsara zateSu saptasu cASTAnavatyadhikeSu / vaizAkhazuddha paMcamyAM (2) AcAra TIkA kRteti / / devacanda lAlabhAI pustaka phaNDa se prakAzita AcArAMga TIkA kI puSpikA ke anta meM "zakanRpa kAlAtIta ...."- yaha zloka nahIM hai / zIlAMkAcAryakRta TIkA sahita AcArAMga kI jo pratiyAM vartamAna meM upalabdha hotI haiM, unameM zIlAMkAcArya dvArA TIkA kI racanA kA bhinna-bhinna samaya ullikhita hai / kisI meM zaka saM0 772, kisI meM gupta saM0 772, kisI meM zaka saM0 768 aura kisI meM zaka saM0 784 isa TIkA kI racanA kA samaya likhA huA hai| jahAM taka vibhinna zaka saMvatoM kA ullekha hai, usase koI vizeSa antara nahIM par3atA / kevala 12 aura 26 varSa Age-pIche kA lekhanakAla kA antara rahatA hai| kintu yadi gupta saM0 772 ko isa TIkA kI racanA kA samaya mAna liyA jAya to uparilikhita se kramaza: vi0 saM0 607, 1091,933 aura vi0 saM0 116 zeSa tIna bhinna-bhinna zaka saMvatoM ke ullekhAnusAra TIkA ke racanAkAla meM 158, 172, 184 varSoM taka kA antara pA jAtA hai| vikrama saM0 135 meM zaka saMvatsara kA Page #740 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 682 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 pracalana huA aura vi. saM. 316 meM gupta saMvatsara claa| tadanusAra AcArAMga sUtra kI vibhinna pratiyoM meM jo uparilikhita 4 prakAra kA samaya likhA gayA hai, unase kramazaH vi. saM.607, 1061, 633 aura 616 yoM cAra prakAra kA eka-dUsare se bhinna lekhanakAla prakaTa hotA hai / isa prakAra 158 se lekara 184 varSa taka kA lekhanakAla meM antara batAne vAle ullekhoM ke kAraNa hI zIlAMkAcArya jaise mahAn upakArI vidvAn prAcArya kA sattAkAla abhI taka vivAdAspada hI banA huA hai| isa vivAdAspada prazna ke hala ke liye hameM prabhAvaka caritra ke isI prakaraNa ke prArambha meM uddha ta una do zlokoM para vicAra karanA hogA jinameM zAsanAdhiSThAtrI devI ne abhayadevasUri se aMga zAstroM para vRttiyoM kI racanA karane kI prArthanA karate hue nivedana kiyA thaa| prabhAvaka caritrakAra ke ullekhAnusAra devI ne abhayadeva sUri se kahA thA-"prAcIna kAla meM koTyAcArya isa apara nAma se prasiddha zIlAMkAcArya ne gyArahoM aMgoM kI vRttiyoM kI racanA kI thii| kAla ke prabhAva se arthAt paryApta samaya vyatIta ho jAne ke kAraNa una gyAraha aMgoM kI vRttiyoM meM se do aMgoM kI vRttiyoM (AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga) ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI aMgoM kI vRttiyoM kA vyavacheda ho gayA hai / isaliye aba Apa caturvidha tIrtha para kRpA karake 6 aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA ke liye udyama kiijiye|" prabhAvaka caritra ke isa ullekha se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prAcArya zIlAMka dvArA racita 6 aMgoM kI vRttiyAM unakI racanA ke anantara paryApta samaya bIta jAne para naSTa ho gaIM, vilupta ho giiN| navAMgI vattikAra zrI abhayadevasUri ne jJAtAdharmakathAMga kI vatti kI racanA vikrama saM. 1120 aura vyAkhyAprajJapti aMga kI vRtti kI racanA vikrama saM. 1128 meM sampUrNa kI, yaha ina donoM aMgoM kI vRttiyoM ke anta meM svayaM zrI abhayadeva sUri dvArA nirmita puSpikAoM se nirvivAdarUpeNa siddha hai|' isa prakAra kI sthiti meM zIlAMkAcArya dvArA nirmita AcArAMga vRtti kA racanAkAla gupta saMvat 772 tadanusAra vikrama saMvat 1061 mAna liyA jAya to isakA artha yaha huA ki zIlAMkAcArya dvArA prAcArAMga sUtra para vivaraNa athavA ekAdazasu zateSvatha viMzatyadhikeSu vikramasamAnAm / aNahillapATanagare vijayadazamyAM ca siddha yam / / 12 // --jJAtAdharmakathAMga vRtti aSTAviMzatiyukta varSasahasra zatena cAbhyadhike / aNahillapATakanagare kRteyamacchuptadhanivasatau // 15 / / ~~~-vyAkhyAprajJaptivRtti Page #741 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 683 TIkA kI racanA kI jAne ke kevala 26 varSa pazcAta hI vi. saM. 1120 meM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga jaise vizAla aMgoM ke sAtha-sAtha jJAtAdharmakathAMga para bhI (isa prakAra ke tIna aMgoM para) vRttiyoM kA nirmANakArya sampanna kara diyaa| ina tIna aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA sampanna karane meM unheM kama se kama cAra-pAMca varSa to avazya lage hoMge aura AgamoM para vRttiyAM, TIkAeM likhane yogya na kevala jainAgamoM, jaina vAMgmaya hI apitu tatkAlIna pramukha darzanoM ke dharmazAstroM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta karane meM kama se kama pandraha-bIsa varSa kA samaya bhI unheM lagA hogA to pratyeka vicAraka ko yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hogI ki zIlAMkAcArya ke jIvanakAla meM hI abhayadevasUri jainadarzana aura anyAnya darzanoM ke adhyayana meM saMlagna the| __isa prakAra kI sthiti meM abhayadeva ko lakSya kara zAsana devI yaha nahIM kahatI vattimekAdazAMgyAH sa, vidadhe dhautakalmazaH // 104 / / 'aMgadvayaM vinAnyeSAM, kAlAducchedamAyayuH / / 105 / / zIlAMkAcArya ne ekAdazAMgI para TIkA-vivaraNoM kI racanA kI aura una 11 TIkAoM meM se 6 TIkAeM unake jIvana kAla meM hI naSTa ho gaI, athavA 26 varSa pazcAt hI naSTa ho gaI, vilupta ho gaI, yaha mAnane ke liye koI bhI vijJa udyata nahIM hogaa| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke liye-sAdhaka mAtra ke liye paramopayogI AgamajJAna kI anamola kuMjiyoM ko caturvidha dharma saMgha ne sunizcita rUpeNa saMjokara sUrakSita rakhane ke upAya kiye hoMge / isa prakAra kI sthiti se zIlAMka dvArA racita sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga Adi zeSa ha aMgoM kI TIkAoM ko, prakRtijanya vA mAnavajanya viplavoM Adi ke pariNAmasvarUpa vilupta hone meM kama se kama sau, Der3ha sau varSa kA samaya to avazya hI lagA hogA / ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para zIlAMkAcArya dvArA nirmita aAcArAMga vRtti kI kisI prati meM zaka saM. 772, dUsarI prati meM zaka saM. 784 aura kinhIM pratiyoM meM zaka saM. 798 diye hue haiM, unameM se kisI bhI eka ko isakA racanAkAla mAna lene meM kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA va Apatti ke liye koI avakAza nhiiN| aisA mAna lene para AcArAMga TIkA kA racanAkAla vi. saM. 607, athavA 617 va adhika se adhika 633, ina tInoM meM se eka siddha hotA hai| zaka saM. 768 (arthAt vi. saM. 633) kA ullekha puSpikA meM hai, aisI sthiti meM vikrama saM. 633 ko hI prAcArAMga TIkA kA racanAkAla mAna lenA sarvathA samucita hogaa| isase zIlAMkAcArya aura abhayadevasUri kI uparicita racanAyoM ke kAla meM 187 varSa kA antarAla zIlAMkAcArya dvArA racita zeSa : aMgoM kI TIkAoM ke vilupta hone meM kAla kI dRSTi se yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| ina Page #742 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 684 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 saba tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhakara vicAra karane para zIlAMkAcArya kA samaya vikrama kI havIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se lekara 10vIM zatI ke pUrvArddha kA pramANita hotA hai / zIlAcArya dvArA zrAcArAMga kI TIkA ke nirmANa kAla ke isa prakAra sunizcita ho jAne para prazna yaha rahatA hai ki kisa sthAna para unhoMne isa TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA / isa sambandha meM Upara ullikhita zloka meM batA diyA gayA hai ki gambhUtA nAmaka nagarI meM rahate hue isa TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA / puSpikA meM diye hue isa vAkya se ki "tadAtmakasya brahmacaryAsya taskandhasya nirvRtikulIna zrIzIlAcAryeNa tatvAdityAparanAmnA vAharisAdhusahAyena kRtA TIkA parisamApteti " - unhoMne yaha abhivyakta kiyA hai ki ve nirvRti kula ke prAcArya the aura unhoMne vAhari sAdhu kI sahAyatA se AcArAMga kI TIkA kI racanA kI / sUtrakRtAMga -- TIkA kI puSpikA meM bhI unhoMne isI bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki vAri sAdhu kI sahAyatA se unhoMne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA / ina do AgamoM kI sAragarbhita subodhya, suvistRta aura atIva sundara TIkAoM kI racanA kara zIlAMkAcArya ne jaina jagat para aura adhyayanazIla tatva jijJAsutroM para mahAn upakAra kiyA hai / ina do anamola kRtiyoM ne zIlAMkAcArya kI kIrti aura unake nAma ko amara kara diyA hai / Page #743 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sAMDera gaccha sAMDeragaccha vastutaH caityavAsI paramparA kA eka prAcIna gaccha rahA hai / isa gaccha kI utpatti mAravAr3a ke sAMDerAva nAmaka nagara se huI pratIta hotI hai| isI kAraNa ise sAMDerAvagaccha ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| sAMDerAva nagara, zaivoM ke tIrthasthAna "nImbA rA nAtha" ke pAsa hI basA huA hai / sAMr3erA gaccha kA eka apara nAma sAMr3esarA gaccha bhI upalabdha hotA hai / isa gaccha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM, pramANAbhAva ke kAraNa nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM yaha gaccha apane prabhAvaka AcAryoM ke prabhAva se prasiddhi meM paayaa| sAMDerA gaccha meM IzvarasUri ke ziSya yazobhadrasUri nAmaka eka mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM hue| unake sambandha meM aneka loka kathAeM janazru tiyoM ke rUpa meM calI A rahI haiN| una kiMvadantiyoM ke anusAra ve apane samaya ke bahuta bar3e mantravAdI the| unhoMne apane vidyAbala evaM mantrabala ke prabhAva se aneka ajainoM ko jainadharmAvalambI bnaayaa| tripuTI muni darzanavijayajI Adi ne apane grantha 'jaina paramparA no itihAsa, bhAga 1' meM yazobhadrasUri kA prAcAryakAla vi. saM. 668 se anumAnataH vi. saM. 1026 athavA 1036 taka hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu yazobhadrasUri ke pramukha ziSya balibhadrasUri ke jIvanavRtta kI ghaTanAoM ke paryavekSaNa se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki cittauDa ke mahArANA allaTa aura balibhadrasUri samakAlIna the| mahArANA allaTa jisa samaya Ahar3a meM nivAsa karate the usI samaya balibhadrasUri ne allaTa kI rAThor3I mahArANI ko asAdhya roga se vi. saM. 973 ke Asa-pAsa mukta kiyaa| allaTa kA sattAkAla vi. saM. 122-1010 itihAsa siddha hai / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM yazobhadrasUri kA prAcAryakAla vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya caraNa taka hI saMgata baiThatA hai / hamAre isa anumAna kI puSTi jUnAgar3ha ke lUTa-khasoTa karane vAle rAjA khaMgAra dvArA jainasaMgha ko dhanaprApti kI dRSTi se giranAra kI yAtrA karane se roke jAne aura balibhadrasUri dvArA kiye gaye camatkAra pradarzana se bAdhya ho rAjA khaMgAra dvArA bauddhoM ke adhikAra meM cale A rahe giranAra tIrtha ko zvetAmbaroM ke adhikAra meM diye jAne kI ghaTanA se bhI hotI hai| rAva khaMgAra kA sattAkAla vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI kA prathamArddha itihAsa sammata hai aura allaTa kI mahArAnI ko balibhadrasUri dvArA rogamukta kiye ' jaina paramparA noM itihAsa, bhAga 1, pRSTha 566 Page #744 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 686 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jAne kI ghaTanA giranAra tIrtha ke zvetAmbaroM ke adhikAra meM Ane kI ghaTanA se pazcAt kI hai| astu / sAMDerAva gaccha meM AcArya yazobhadrasUri mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya hue yaha aneka pramANoM se puSTa hai / yazobhadrasUri ke pazcAt bhI sAMDerA gaccha meM zAlisUri, sumatisUri, zAntisUri Adi 16 jinazAsanaprabhAvaka evaM yazasvI prAcArya hue| isa gaccha ke 8veM prAcArya zAntisUri (dvitIya) ne vikrama saM. 1226 meM (kulaguruoM ke ullekhAnusAra) katipaya kSatriya parivAroM ko jainadharmAvalambI banAkara prosavAla vaMza kI zIzodiyA zAkhA kI sthApanA kii| gugaliyA, bhaNDArI, catura, dUdhor3iyA, Adi osavAloM kI 12 jAtiyAM sAMDerA gaccha kI anuyAyIupAsaka jAtiyAM thiiN| zIzodiyoM ke sambandha meM to nimnalikhita dohA kulaguru kAla se hI prasiddha hai : zIzodiyA sAMDesarA, caudasiyA cauhAraNa / caityavAsiyA cAvar3A, kulaguru eha pramANa / / yazobhadrasUri ke do pramukha ziSya the, jinakA nAma thA balibhadra aura zAlibhadra / balibhadra ne apane guru kI anujJA ke binA hI aneka vidyAmoM aura mantroM kI sAdhanA kara lI aura unhoMne apanI camatkArapUrNa vidyAoM kA pradarzana prArambha kara diyaa| isase ruSTa hokara yazobhadrasUri ne unheM apane se pRthak kara svecchAnusAra vihAra karane kA nirdeza diyA / apane bar3e ziSya balibhadra ko apane se pRthaka karane ke pazcAt yazobhadrasUri ne apane dvitIya pramukha ziSya zAlibhadra ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| ye zAlibhadrasUri cauhAnavaMzIya kSatriya the| ___ isa prakAra sAMDera gaccha ke prAcArya yazobhadrasUri ne apane bar3e ziSya balibhadra ko prAcArya pada pradAna na kara unase choTe ziSya zAlibhadra ko prAcArya pada para pradhiSThita kiyaa| isa para balibhadra parvatazreNiyoM meM jA giriguhAoM meM tapazcaraNa karane lge| ghora tapazcaraNa ke phalasvarUpa unheM aneka prakAra kI siddhiyAM prApta huii| balibhadrasUri ne mahArANA prallaTa kI mahArAnI ko jisa samaya rogamukta kiyA, usa samaya mahArANA ne prasanna ho unheM koI bar3I jAgIra dene kA prastAva kiyaa| balibhadra muni ne yaha kahate hue jAgIra lenA asvIkAra kara diyA ki hama niSparigrahI jaina sAdhu parigraha ke nAma para rAjya athavA jAgIra kI bAta to dUraeka kaur3I taka bhI nahIM rkhte| hama loga to aharniza sva-para-kalyANa meM nirata rahate haiN| adhyAtmapatha ke pathikoM ko cala athavA acala, kisI bhI prakAra kI sampatti se kyA lenA denA hai| Page #745 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 687 isake uparAnta bhI jaba mahArANA prallaTa ne koI na koI sevA kArya batAne kA tyAgrahapUrNa anurodha kiyA to balabhadra muni ne kahA- "rAjan ! yadi Apa kucha karanA hI cAhate haiM to merA eka kAma kIjiye / mere gurudeva ne hamAre sAMr3era gaccha kA prAcArya pada mujhe pradAna na kara mere choTe gurubhrAtA zAlisUri ko diyA hai / Apa zAlisUri se kahakara AcArya pada kA prAdhA bhAga mujhe dilavA diijiye|" "ina tapasvI muni ke upakAra ke bhAra se thor3A bahuta to uRNa hoUMgA" yaha vicAra kara mahArANA prallaTa bar3A prasanna huA / usane bar3e sammAna ke sAtha zAlisUri ko prAhar3a meM bulA rAjakIya ThATa-bATa se unakA nagarapraveza mahotsava kiyA / eka dina upayukta avasara dekhakara mahArANA allaTa ne zAlisUri se nivedana kiyA - "balibhadra muni bar3e tyAgI, tapasvI aura prApake bar3e gurubhAI haiM / Apa apanA zradhA prAcAryapada kA adhikAra unheM de dIjiye / isake upalakSa meM zrApa jo bhI kaheM, vaha karane ke liye maiM sarvathA samudyata huuN|" zAlisUri ne madhura muskAna bhare svara meM kahA- rAjan ! jisa prakAra kI rAjanIti rAjanyavarga meM pracalita hai, usI prakAra kI dharmanIti hamAre zramaraNasamAja meM bhI paramparAgata rUpa se pracalita hai / rAjanyavarga prajAvarga ke sadasyoM kI bhAMti apane rAjya kA AdhA bhAga athavA eka se adhika bhAI hoM to usa anupAta se rAjya kA bhAga apane bhAiyoM ko nahIM dete / rAjyasiMhAsana para kevala uttarAdhikArI kA hI pUrNa adhikAra rahatA hai / yahI rAjanIti paramparA se calI prA rahI hai / ThIka isI prakAra zramaraNa varga meM bhI prAcArya pada kA adhikArI eka hI ziSya hotA hai / guru jisa ziSya ko prAcArya pada pradAna kara dete haiM, vahI vastutaH prAcArya pada kA adhikArI rahatA hai / isa prAcArya pada ke adhikAra ko vibhAjita kara guruM bhAiyoM meM vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / " zAlisUri ke uttara se mahArANA allaTa ko pUrNa santoSa huA / usane balabhadra muni ke upakAra se uRNa hone ke liye aneka gRhasthoM ko balibhadramuni kA zrAvaka banA kara unheM mahotsava ke sAtha prAcArya pada para adhiSThita karavAyA / zrAcArya pada para AsIna karate samaya balibhadra kA nAma vAsudevasUri rakhA gayA / hayUDI gaccha kI sthApanA prAcArya pada para adhiSThita hone ke pazcAt prAcArya balibhadra vihAra krama se DI phuNce| vahAM thU DI ke rAThor3a vaMzIya rAjA vidagdharAja ko dharmopadeza de jainadharmAnuyAyI banAyA / vidagdha rAja ne hathU DI meM AdinAtha bhagavAn kA eka mandira banavAkara usameM prAcArya balibhadrasUri ke hAtha se bha. RSabhadeva kI mUrti kI vi. saM. 973 meM pratiSThA krvaaii| vidagdharAja ne usI samaya usa mandira kI dainika prAvazyakatAoM kI pUrti evaM vyavasthA hetu vyApAra aura kRSi kI prAya ke kucha karoM kA bhAga 1* Page #746 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 680 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 pradAna kiyA / isI mandira kI vyavasthA ke liye vidagdharAja ke putra rAjA mammaTa ne vikrama saM. 966 meM inhIM vAsudevasUri ko eka nayA dAnazAsana pradAna kiyA / kAlAntara meM vidagdha rAja ke pautra dhavalarAja ne bhI AcArya zAntibhadra ke upadeza se vi. saM. 1053 meM isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA aura isakI vyavasthA ke lie eka kUpa kI bhUmi dAna meM dI / isa prakAra hathU DI ke zAsakoM ke rAjyAzraya se balibhadrasUri kA yaha navIna saMgha DI meM phalA-phUlA aura dUra-dUra taka isakI prasiddhi huI / isI kAraNa yaha gaccha yU DI gaccha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddhi ko prApta huA / isa gaccha ko hastikuNDI gaccha ke nAma se bhI prabhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai, jo ki hathaMDI kA hI saMskRta svarUpa hai / jaisA ki prArambha meM batAyA jA cukA hai, sAMDerA gaccha caMtyavAsI paramparA kA prAcIna gaccha thA / jaba taka caityavAsI paramparA kA prAbalya rahA, usa paramparA ke kulaguru bhI apane-apane gaccha ke anuyAyiyoM ko, cAhe ve deza ke kisI bhI bhAga .meM kyoM na rahe hoM, barAbara samhAlate rahe aura apane-apane gaccha ke gRhasthoM ke naye nAma, sthAna Adi kA apanI bahiyoM meM ullekha karate rahe / kintu jaba caityavAsI paramparA uttarottara hrAsonmukhI hotI rahI, tyoM-tyoM tapAgaccha paramparA ke kulagurutroM ko caityavAsI paramparA ke kulaguru apanI bahiyAM samhalAte gaye aura isa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA ke lupta hote hI sAMr3erA gaccha ke adhikAMza zrAvaka gaNa tapAgaccha ke zrAvaka bana gaye / sAMDeragaccha kI paTTAvalI ko dekhate hue aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA kA nyUnAdhika rUpa se astitva vikrama kI satrahavIM zatAbdI ke antima uttarArddha taka banA rhaa| haTUDiyA gaccha bhI eka prakAra se sAMDerA gaccha kI hI zAkhA thI ataH isa zAkhA ke zrAvaka bhI antatogatvA caityavAsI paramparA ke lupta hone para tapAgaccha ke upAsaka bana gaye / mantra tantra aura camatkAra pradarzana ke yuga meM vastutaH sAMDeragaccha ke AcArya yazobhadrasUri evaM balibhadra sUri ne jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya prabhAvanA kI / Page #747 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ yazobhadrasUri (caityavAsI paramparA) marudhara pradeza ke vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI meM hue AcAryoM meM caityavAsIparamparA ke yazobhadra nAma ke eka prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiN| inakA yuga camatkAroM aura mantrazaktiyoM kI pratispardhA kA yuga thA / marudharA ke nAralAI ke prAsa-pAsa ke kSetra meM pracalita dantakathA ke anusAra nAralAI ke gosAMiyoM aura yatiyoM (caityavAsI sAMDerA gaccha ke AcArya) meM mantrazakti kA pradarzana karane kI pratispardhA ThanI / donoM pakSa mantrazakti ke camatkAra - pradarzana meM paraspara eka-dUsare se zreSTha hone kA dAvA karane lage / donoM pakSoM ne isake nirNaya ke liye parIkSA ke rUpa meM eka zarta rakhI ki lagI nadI ke taTa para base khairathala grAma meM eka to AdinAtha bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA mandira hai aura dUsarA zaMkara kA mandira / yati aura gausAMI ina donoM pakSoM meM se jo pakSa apane ArAdhya prabhu ke mandira ko apanI mantra zakti ke bala para khairathala se uThAkara sUryodaya se pahale pahale nAralAI meM le AvegA usI pakSa ko mantra zakti meM zreSTha aura bar3A samajhA jAyegA aura usI pakSa ko yaha adhikAra hogA ki vaha apane usa mandira ko nAralAI ke pahAr3a para pratiSThApita kare / jo pakSa apane ArAdhya deva ke mandira ko apane pratipakSI ke pazcAt vilamba se lAyagA, vaha pakSa apane mandira ko pahAr3a para na rakha kara usa se nIce ke kisI samatala sthAna para hI sthApita kara sakegA / donoM pakSoM meM se jo pakSa apane prArAdhya ke mandira ko sUryodaya ke pazcAt taka bhI khairathala se nAralAI meM nahIM lA sakegA, vaha pakSa pUrNataH parAjita ghoSita kara diyA jAyegA / I 1 donoM pakSoM ne isa zarta ko saharSa svIkAra kara apanI-apanI mantra zakti kA prayoga prArambha kiyA / vahAM pracalita kiMvadantI ke anusAra donoM pakSoM ne apanI-apanI mantra zakti ke camatkAra se, isa sarvathA asambhava samajhe jAne vAle kArya ko saMbhava kara batAyA / gosAMI khairathala meM sthita bhagavAna ziva ke mandira ko yatiyoM kI apekSA kucha kSaNa pUrva nAralAI ke prakAza meM lAye, isa kAraraNa zaMkara kA mandira nAralAI ke pahAr3a para aura prAdinAtha kA mandira, nIce ke bhAga para sthApita kiyA gayA / vartamAna meM nAralAI kI pahAr3I para zivajI kA mandira aura nIce ke bhAga para prAdinAtha kA mandira, ye do mandira nAralAI meM vidyamAna haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki nAralAI ke AdinAtha mandira ke zilAlekha meM isa prakAra kA abhilekha uTTaMkita hai ki yaha mandira yazobhadrasUri apanI mantra zakti dvArA yahAM lAye / Page #748 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 660 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 vastutaH kiMvadantiyoM ke liye aura vizeSataH asaMbhava pratIta hone vAle kAryoM ke niSpAdana se sambandhita kiMvadantiyoM ke liye itihAsa meM koI sthAna nhiiN| tathApi zatAbdiyoM se calI A rahI kiMvadantI ke AdhAra para janamAnasa meM ghara kI huI isa camatkArika ghaTanA kA itihAsa se isa kAraNa gaharA sambandha hai ki mantratantra aura camatkAroM kI zakti pradarzana kA bhI eka sudIrghAvadhi taka yuga AryadharA para rahA hai aura usa yuga para bhI bhagavAn kI vizuddha zramaNa paramparA ke vikRta svarUpa yati paramparA ke prAcAryoM-yatiyoM ko maMtra-taMtra zakti kI, camatkArI kArya niSpAdita kara dene kI zakti kI chApa zatAbdiyoM taka rahI hai| usa camatkAra pradarzana ke aneka camatkArika kAryoM kA vivaraNa anya matAvalambiyoM ke sAhitya ke samAna yati yUga ke jaina vAMgmaya meM bhI vipUla mAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai| kisI na kisI rUpa meM isa prakAra kI ghaTanAoM kA yatkicita ullekha paramAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| anyathA asambhavatA ke nAma para athavA camatkArika kiMvadantiyoM ke nAma para isa prakAra kI ghaTanAoM kI ekAntataH upekSA ko "itihAsa meM eka yuga kI upekSA" kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| madhyayuga meM isa prakAra ke camatkAra pradarzana ke upalakSa meM rAjAroM athavA rAja pratinidhiyoM dvArA mAntrika jainAcAryoM ko grAmadAna-bhUmidAna diye jAne ke zilAlekhoM kA ullekha prastuta grantha meM, rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ke paricaya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| dekhiye-"jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga-3, pRSTha 261 kA antima pairA / Page #749 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ khima RSi (bhamA RSi) sAMDerA gaccha (caityavAsI-paramparA) ke prAcArya yazobhadrasari ke balibhadrasari tathA zAlisari ke atirikta aneka ziSya the| unameM khima RSi nAmaka mani ghora tapasvI aura kSamAmUrti the| unakA jIvanavRtta nimnalikhita rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai : cittauDa ke samIpastha bar3agAMva nAmaka grAma meM boghA nAmaka eka nitAnta nirdhana variNaka rahatA thaa| apane jIvana nirvAha ke lie vaha kabhI ghRta kA to kabhI tela kA vyApAra karatA thaa| vaha vastutaH nAmamAtra kA vyApArI thaa| yena kena prakAreNa do tIna sera bhAra kA eka kulhar3a kabhI ghI se bhara kara to kabhI tela se bhara kara samIpastha nagara meM le jAtA aura usase jo sAdhAraNa sI Aya hotI usI se apanA jIvana nirvAha karatA thaa| eka dina usane apane gAMva meM ghUma kara eka ghar3A ghI se bharA aura use becane ke lie nagara kI ora jAne ke liye ghara se nikalA ki usako Thokara lagI / vaha nIce gira pdd'aa| ghI se bharA miTTI kA ghar3A TUka-TUka ho gayA aura usakA pUrA kA pUrA ghRta dhUla meM mila gyaa| gAMva vAle usakI sthiti ko jAnate the / vyApAriyoM ne use eka dUsarA ghar3A ghI se bhara kara diyaa| kintu durbhAgya kI bAta ki jyoMhI vaha nagara kI ora prasthita huA ki vaha dUsarA ghar3A bhI usake sira para se gira pdd'aa| vaha ghRta bhI dhUlisAt ho gyaa| vaNika bodhA ko apane durbhAgya para vicAra karate-karate saMsAra se virakti ho gii| saMyogavazAt sAMDerA gaccha ke prAcArya yazobhadra sUri ke upadeza-zravaNa kA use avasara milaa| AcAryazrI ke upadeza ko sunane ke pazcAt use vizvAsa ho gayA ki sukha-duHkha kI prApti meM pUrAkRta zubha-azubha karma vAstava meM sabase bar3e aura pramukha kAraNa haiM / usane apane pUrvasaMcita azubha karmoM ko naSTa karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura vaha AcAryazrI ke pAsa zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho gyaa| tIna varSa taka apane gurudeva kI sevA meM rahate hae tapazcaraNapUrvaka bodhA muni ne jJAnArjana kiyaa| tadanantara guru kI AjJA le bodhA muni marghaToM, vanoM evaM giri-kandarAoM meM jA kara ghora tapazcaraNa karane lge| sabhI prakAra ke saMkaToM, upasargoM aura kaSToM ko samabhAva se sahana karate hue ve Atmacintana meM lIna rahate / Page #750 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 662 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jina dinoM meM ve avanti nagarI ke samIpastha dhAmanoda grAma ke tAlAba kI pAla ke nikaTa vana meM tapazcaraNa meM nirata the una dinoM grAma ke brAhmaNoM ke uddaNDa kizora unake pAsa pAte aura tAr3ana-tarjanapUrvaka unheM aneka prakAra ke dAruNa duHkha dete| bodhA RSi na una para Akroza hI karate aura na dhyAna se hI vicalita hote / inakI isa prakAra kI sahanazakti, tapazcaryA, kSamA aura zAnti ke pratApa se aneka prakAra kI siddhiyAM unheM svataH anAyAsa hI upalabdha ho gii| eka dina ve usa tAlAba kI pAla ke pAsa zmazAna meM eka vizAla vRkSa ke nIce dhyAnastha khar3e the / usI samaya usa grAma ke dhanADhya brAhmaNoM ke kizora sadA kI bhAMti vahAM prA ekatrita hue aura khima RSi ko dhyAna se vicalita karane ke liye una para DheloM, pattharoM aura yaSTikAmoM se prahAra karane lge| unheM bhayaMkara pIr3A hone lagI kintu ve aDola, niSkampa dhyAnamagna khar3e rahe / ve brahmakizora unheM itanI mAra ke uparAnta bhI nizcala khar3A dekha una para tIvra vega se pattharoM aura DaNDoM kI bauchAra karane lge| khima RSi ke. aMga-pratyaMga se lahU kI dhArAeM bahane lgiiN| kintu khima RSi yaha samajha kara ki mere karmabandhana ina abodha bAlakoM dvArA kATe jA rahe haiM, zubhra dhyAna meM lIna rhe| unake mana meM aNu mAtra bhI krodha athavA uttejanA utpanna nahIM huI / niraparAdha, kSamAsAgara khima RSi para una uddaNDa kizoroM dvArA kiye jA rahe nirdayatApUrNa prahAroM ko dekha na sakane ke kAraNa usa zmazAna meM avasthita koI divya zakti kruddha ho utthii| tatkSaNa una uddaNDa kizoroM ke mukha-nAsikAoM se anavarata rUpeNa lahU kI dhArAeM pravAhita ho giiN|kssnn bhara meM hI ve. kUmArgagAmI kizora apane-apane gharoM kI ora aise bhAge mAno eka dhamAke ke zabda se cir3iyoM kA jhuDa ur3A ho / apane putroM ke mukha aura nAka se bahatI huI khuna kI dhArAoM ko dekha kara (unake mAtA-pitA, svajana-snehI evaM pAsa-par3osa ke pAbAla vRddha una kizoroM ke cAroM ora ekatrita ho gaye / lahU ke pravAha ko rokane ke aneka upAya kiye, para saba vyartha / eka vRddha vaidya ne kahA--"sabake eka sAtha samAna rUpa se khUna kA pravAha ho rahA hai, ata: vastutaH yaha koI vyAdhi nahIM, avazyameva daivI prakopa hai|" una kizoroM ko sAntvanA bhare zabdoM meM pUchA gayA ki ve kahAM the, kyA kara rahe the aura saba ke eka sAtha samAna rUpa se mukha aura nAka se rakta pravAha kA kAraNa kyA hai ? sabhI kizora mUka bane eka-dUsare kA muMha tAkane lge| eka alpavayaska kizora ne rote-rote zmazAna meM khima RSi para una sabake dvArA patthara barasAye jAne kA vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| anta meM usane kahA-"ye loga pratidina isI prakAra khima RSi para Dhele, patthara, DaNDe barasAte rahate haiM / maiM kyA karUM mujhe bhI sAtha meM pakar3a kara le jAte haiN| khima RSi to kucha bhI nahIM bole, hile-Dule bhI nahIM / aura to aura unhoMne to aAMkha taka nahIM kholii| bilakula cupacApa coTeM khAte rhe|" Page #751 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 663 usa bAlaka kI bAta suna kara gAMva kA AbAla vRddha zmazAna kI pAla kI ora umar3a pdd'aa| unhoMne dekhA ki khima RSi kA aMga pratyaMga coToM se kSata-vikSata ho rahA hai / ghora tapazcaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa unake zarIra kA rakta to sUkha cukA hai, tathApi dhAvoM meM rudhira karaNa camaka. rahe haiN| sabhI grAmanivAsI una uddaNDa evaM nirdayI brAhmaNa putroM kI mora ghRNApUrNa dRSTi se ghUrane lge| rakta ugalate hue una kizoroM ke mAtA-pitA khima RSi ke caraNoM ke samakSa apanA zira pRthvI para ragar3a-ragar3a kara apane putroM ko kSamA kara dene kI bhIkha mAMgane lge| khima RSi dhyAna mudrA meM nizcala khar3e the| unake mukhamaNDala para prazAMta mahAsAgara ke samAna zAnti kA akhaNDa sAmrAjya virAjamAna thaa| eka vayovRddha grAmINa ne kahA : - "ye to kSamA ke avatAra haiN| inake liye apakArI aura upakArI donoM hI samAna haiM / ye to mana se bhI kisI kA burA nahIM soca sakate / yaha to inakI ananya upAsikA kisI divya zakti kA hI prakopa hai| inake caraNoM kA prakSAlana kara usa caraNodaka ko ina uddaNDa chokaroM ke mukha, mastaka aura tana para chir3ako evaM inheM vaha caraNAmRta pilAyo / zIdhratA karo, abhI ye saba pUrNataH svastha ho jaayeNge|" / usa grAmavRddha ke kathanAnusAra khima RSi ke caraNodaka kI bUdeM una kizoroM ke mukha evaM mastaka para chir3akate hI una sabakA raktapravAha ruka gyaa| sabhI grAma nivAsiyoM ne una maharSi ke caraNoM meM apanA mastaka rakha apane bhAla para unakI caraNaraja lgaaii| usI dina se usa grAma ke nivAsI bodhA RSi ko khima RSi arthAt kSamA RSi ke sammAnapUrNa sambodhana se abhihita karane lage aura dUra-dUra taka unakI khyAti khima RSi ke nAma se phaila gii| brAhmaNoM ne usI dina vipula dhanarAzi ekatrita kara khima RSi ke samakSa rakha dI kintu kanvana-kAminI ke tyAgI una mahA muni ne usakI pora prAMkha taka uThA kara nahIM dekhA / antatogatvA vaha dhanarAzi samaSTi ke liye kalyANakArI kAryoM meM vyaya kI gii| khima RSi kA tapazcaraNa uttarottara ugra hotA rahA / pratyeka tapazcaryA ke pAraNa ke liye ve bar3A hI vicitra abhigraha krte| unhoMne pAraNa ke liye 84 prakAra ke aise vicitra abhigraha kiye, jinakI pUrti asambhava ko sambhava evaM prasAdhya ko sAdhya banA dene vAlI prAtmazakti ke atirikta kisI anya zakti se kadApi sambhava nhiiN| una duSkara 84 prabhigrahoM meM se udAharaNArtha eka kA ullekha yahAM kiyA jA rahA hai| eka dina tapasyA kA pratyAkhyAna karate hue khima RSi ne mana hI mana / pratijJA kI ki dhArAdhipati muMja ke laghu sahodara siMghula kA ananya sasA rAva kRSNa Jag Education International Page #752 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 664 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 Aarmalaystemarts sadyasnAta, vikIrNakeza evaM udvigna manaHsthiti meM 21 apUpa (pUrva) bhikSA meM de to khima RSi apanI tapazcaryA kA pAraNa kare, anyathA jIvana bhara nirAhAra hI rahe / abhigraha kA niyama hai ki vaha mana hI mana kiyA jAtA hai kisI ko isa pratijJA ke sambandha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA saMketa taka nahIM kiyA jaataa| apane antarmana meM khima RSi dvArA kI gaI isa pratijJA kA kisI ko bhalA kaise patA calatA / 3 mahInA aura 8 dina taka khima RSi apane abhigraha ke anusAra nirAhAra tapazcaraNa meM santoSa kA athAha sAgara apane antasthala meM sameTe lIna rahe / dUsare dina ghora tapasvI khIma RSi kSatriyazreSTha rAvakRSNa ke AvAsa para phuNce| rAvakRSNa usa samaya snAna kara snAnAgAra se nikalA hI thA, usake bAloM meM na tela DalA thA aura na kaMghI hI kI huI thii| vaha kisI kAraNa udvigna avasthA meM khar3A thaa| zizira kI zIta lahara ke kAraNa usakA tana-badana ThiThura rahA thaa| usI samaya cAMdI ke tasale meM garama-garama apUpa (pUve) liye usakI sevikA bhojanAgAra se nikala kara rAvakRSNa ke samakSa upasthita huii| sahasA rAvakRSNa kI dRSTi dvAra meM praviSTa hote hue khima RSi para pdd'ii| usane tatkAla pUvoM se bharA cAMdI kA tasalA sevikA ke hAtha se liyA aura khima RSi kI ora bddh'e| natamastaka ho udvigna rAva kRSNa ne khima RSi se prArthanA kI:--"maharSin ! kRpA kara lIjiye ye garama-garama puurv| Aja to aisI bhayaMkara ThaMDa par3a rahI hai ki dhamaniyoM kA raktapravAha bhI jaise barapha kI taraha jama jAyegA / lIjiye dayA sindho ! pUrNataH nirdoSa aura vizuddha kalpanIya mAhAra hai yaha / " . . rajatapAtra meM rakhe pUmoM ko khima RSi ne ginA to ve saMkhyA meM pUre 21 the, na to eka bhI nyUna aura na eka bhI adhika thaa| apanA abhigraha pUrNataH pUrNa humA dekha khima RSi ne jholI meM se bhikSApAtra nikAlA aura rAva kRSNa kI bhora bar3hA diyaa| rAva kRSNa ne ikkIsoM apUpa apane rajatapAtra se maharSi khima muni ke bhikSApAtra meM uDela diye| isa prakAra abhigraha pUrNa hone para khima RSi kI tIna mAsa aura 8 dina kI lambI nirAhAra tapazcaryA kA pAraNa huA / rAvakRSNa ke rAjabhavana meM khima RSi ke pAraNa kA samAcAra tatkAla vidyut vega se dhArA nagarI meM phaila gyaa| dhArA nagarI ke ghara-ghara se dhanya dhanya ke kaNThasvara gUMja utthe| dhArAdhivAsiyoM aura dhArAdhIza taka ne rAva kRSNa ke bhAgya kI muktakaNTha se sarAhanA kii| dhArA nivAsI tapasvIrAja khima RSi ke darzanArtha umar3a pdd'e| rAjakumAra siMghula ke sAtha rAva kRSNa bhI khima RSi ke vizrAma sthala para gayA / jaba rAva kRSNa ko jJAta hA ki aba usakI Ayu ke kevala 6 mAsa hI avaziSTa rahe haiM, to unhoMne apanA zeSa jIvana samagrarUpeNa adhyAtmasAdhanA meM hI vyatIta karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara apane prAtmIya janoM se anujJA prApta kara zramaNadharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| Page #753 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravarttI prAcArya ] kRSNa RSi vipula cala-acala sampatti, aizvarya, aihika sukhopabhoga, putra, kalaMtra, parivAra ghara-dvArAdi sabhI prakAra ke sAMsArika moha-mamatva ko nAgarAja dvArA chor3I jAne vAlI keMcula ke samAna eka hI jhaTake meM chor3a chiTakA kara rAva kRSNa ne kSatriyocita sAhasa kA paricaya diyA / saMyama grahaNa karate hI ve rAva kRSNa se kRSNarSi bana apane guru ke padacinhoM para calate hue ghora tapazcaraNa pUrvaka ve aharniza jJAna-dhyAna kI ArAdhanA meM, adhyAtmaramaraNa meM lIna rahane lage / [ 665 isa prakAra 6 mAsa taka vizuddha saMyama kI pAlanA kara kRSNaSi apane mAnava jIvana ko antima samaya meM saphala kara svargastha hue / kAlAntara meM khima RSi bhI 60 varSa kI saMyama sAdhanA ke pazcAta 60 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara svargavAsI hue / ina maharSiyoM ke jIvanavRtta se antarmana meM vizvAsa hotA hai ki caityavAsI Adi vibhinna paramparAtroM meM bhI sva-para-kalyANakArI aneka mahApuruSa samaya-samaya para hue haiM / Page #754 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kavi mahAsena (sulocanA kathA ke racanAkAra) vIra ni0 kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga mahAsena nAmaka eka mahAna kavi hue haiN| ve kisa samaya hae, kisa paramparA ke kisa prAcArya ke ziSya aura kahA~ ke the isa sambandha meM jaina vAMgmaya meM koI ullekha adyAvadhi upalabdha nahIM ho rahA hai| inakI ekamAtra kRti 'sulocanA kathA' kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vartamAna meM vaha bhI anupalabdha hai| vidvAn samartha kavi prAcArya udyotana sUri ne apanI lokapriya kRti 'kuvalayamAlA' meM, jise ki unhoMne zaka saMvat 666 ke antima dinoM meM pUrNa kiyA, kavi mahAsena kI kRti 'sulocanA kathA' kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai : "saNNihiya jiNavariMdA, dhammakahA baMdhadikkhaya pariMdA / kahiyA jeNa sukahiyA, suloyaNA samavasaraNaM va // 36 // " "arthAt-jisa prakAra tIrthakara prabhu samavasaraNa meM virAjamAna hokara varmakathA sunAte haiM aura usa dharmakathA ko sunakara narendra taka zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra kavi mahAsena ne bar3I hI sundara DhaMga se sulocanA kathA kI racanA kI hai, jise sunakara eka rAjA ne dIkSA grahaNa kara lii|" punnATa saMghIya prAcArya pramitasena ke ziSya jinasena ne apanI vIra ni0 saM0 1310 kI mahAn kRti harivaMza purANa meM mahAsena kI isa sundara kRti ko "zIlAlaMkAradhAriNI junayanI sundarI" kI upamA dI hai| ina donoM mahAn granthakAra prAcAryoM se pUrvavartI kisI granthakAra kI kRti meM kavi mahAsena aura unakI kRti 'sulocanA kathA' ke sambandha meM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA, isase yahI anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki sulocanA kathA ke racanAkAra vidvAn kavi mahAsena vIra nirvANa kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM kisI samaya hue hoNge| zodhArthI vidvAnoM se apekSA hai ki ve isa nitarAmatIva sundara evaM pramogha upadezapradA 'kathA' ko khoja nikAlane kI dizA meM prayAsa kreNge| Page #755 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ kavi parameSThI (vAgartha saMgraha ke racanAkAra) vIra nirvANa kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke upAntya caraNa meM parameSThI nAmaka eka mahAna granthakAra vidvAna hae haiN| ye kahAM hae, kisa nizcita samaya meM hae, kisa paramparA ke kisa prAcArya ke ziSya the, inakA samaya kaba se kaba taka rahA, ye saba tathya Aja vismRti ke gahana andhakAra meM AcchAdita hone ke kAraNa upalabdha nahIM haiM / kavi parameSThI ne 'vAgartha saMgraha' nAmaka eka viziSTa grantharatna kI racanA kI thI, jise aneka vidvAnoM ne Adarza grantharatna samajha kara apane-apane grantha praNayana ke samaya usakI zailI se, usameM nihita tathyoM se mArga-darzana prApta kiyaa| prAja kavi parameSThI kA 'vAgartha saMgraha' grantha upalabdha nahIM hai kintu usakI prazaMsA meM kiye gaye prAdarapUrNa ullekha vikrama kI 9 vIM zatAbdI ke mahAn granthakAra paMcastUpAnvayI bhaTTAraka jinasena ke Adi purANa meM unake ziSya guraNabhadra ke uttara purANa meM, aura zramaNabelagola meM gommaTezvara (bAhubalI) kI gaganacumbI vizAla mUrti ke nirmAtA evaM pratiSThApaka cAmuNDarAya ke apane grantha 'cAmuNDapurANa' (I0 san 1030 ke AsapAsa) meM, Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| AdipurANakAra bhaTTAraka jinasena ne kavi parameSThI ko kaviyoM kA paramezvara batAte hue unake vAgartha saMgraha kI nimnalikhita zabdoM meM prazaMsA kI hai : "sa pUjyaH kvibhiloke, kavInAM paramezvaraH / vAgartha-saMgraha-kRtsnaM, purANaM yaH samagrahIt // " bhaTTAraka jinasena dvArA vAgartha saMgraha ke sambandha meM kiye gaye isa ullekha se yaha siddha hotA hai ki kavi parameSThI kA 'vAgartha saMgraha' vRhat purANa grantha hogaa| bhaTTAraka jinasena se pUrvavartI kisI viziSTa granthakAra dvArA kavi parameSThI ke sambandha meM kiyA gayA ullekha adyAvadhi kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM huA hai, isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki kavi parameSThI bhI "sulocanA kathA" ke racanAkAra kavi mahAsena ke saMbhavataH samakAlIna, vIra nirvANa kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke kisI samaya meM hue hoNge| 'AdipurANa 1 / 60 Page #756 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bha0 mahAvIra ke 43 veM aura 44 veM paTTadhara ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti bha0 mahAvIra ke 43.3 paTTadhara prAcArya lakSmIvallabha aura 44 veM paTTadhara prA0 rAmaRSi svAmI ke prAcAryakAla meM rASTrakaTavaMzIya rAjA amoghavarSa kA zAsana rahA / amogha varSa kI gaNanA vIra nirvANa kI 14 vIM zatAbdI ke sarvAdhika zaktizAlI rAjAoM meM kI jAtI hai / jina zAsana ke prati usakI zraddhA-niSThA aTUTa evaM pragAr3ha thii| vaha svabhAva se hI dhArmika vRtti kA prAdarza vyakti thA / vastutaH vaha usa samaya ke bhAratavarSa ke rAjAoM meM sarvAdhika zaktizAlI rAjA hote hue bhI yuddhoM kI apekSA dharma aura sAhitya ke prati adhika prema rakhatA thA / vaha aneka vAra apane rAjya-kAryoM aura rAjaprAsAdoM ko chor3a kara jaina sAdhanoM kI satsaMgati meM calA jAtA thaa| amogha varSa ke pitA, rASTrakUTa vaMza ke sarvAdhika pratApI samrATa govinda tRtIya, jisa samaya 12 rAjAnoM kI suvizAla zaktizAlI senA ko yuddha meM parAjita karane ke pazcAt mAlavA, lATa, gujarAta, kannauja Adi rAjyoM para apanA prAdhipatya sthApita kara dakSiNApatha kI vijaya ke liye Age bar3ha rahA thA usa samaya narmadA taTa para avasthita zrIbhavana nAmaka sthAna para unake zainya-zivira meM hI vIra ni0 saM0 1326 (I0 san 802) meM pramoghavarSa kA janma humaa| amoghavarSa ke janma ke pazcAt govinda tRtIya ko aneka bar3o bar3I upalabdhiyAM huI / usane dakSiNa ke zaktizAlI pallava rAjA dantidurga ko yuddha meM pUrNa rUpeNa parAjita kara pallavarAjya kI rAjadhAnI kAMcI para adhikAra kara liyaa| jaba govinda tRtIya, navavijita kAMcI meM hI vidyamAna thA usa samaya zrIlaMkA ke rAjA ne usake pAsa apanA dUta bheja kara usakI (govinda tRtIya kI) AdhInatA svIkAra kI / ___ amogha varSa ke janma ke pazcAt govinda tRtIya, vastutaH bhArata kA usa samaya kA sabase bar3A zaktizAlI rAjA kahalAne lgaa| rASTrakUTa vaMza ke tatkAlIna rAja kaviyoM ne govinda tRtIya ko ajeya samrATa batAte hue likhA hai ki jisa prakAra zrI kRSNa ke janma ke. pazcAt yAdava ajeya ho gaye usI prakAra rASTrakaTa rAjavaMza meM govinda tRtIya ke janma ke pazcAt rASTrakaTa vaMza ajeya ho gyaa| 1 prastuta grantha ke pRSTha 261 kI paMkti saM. 3 aura 11 meM I. san 803 ke sthAna para I. san 764 pddh'eN| upalabdha navIna aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki I. san 764 meM dhra va kI mRtyu aura govinda tRtIya kA rAjyArohaNa huA thA / Page #757 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 666 govinda tRtIya ne apane (vIra ni0 saM0 1321-1341) bIsa varSa ke zAsanakAla meM malakher3a ke rASTrakaTa rAjya ko eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya kA svarUpa pradAna kara diyaa| vIra ni0 saM0 1341 meM usakI mRtyu ho jAne ke pazcAt usakA putra amoghavarSa rASTrakUTa ke vizAla sAmrAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna huaa| govinda (tRtIya) kI mRtyu ke anantara jisa samaya amoghavarSa rASTrakUTavaMzIya vizAla sAmrAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA usa samaya usakI avasthA kevala 12 varSa kI hI thii| sUvizAla sAmrAjya ke svAmI kI bAlavaya ko dekha kara yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki usa sAmrAjya ke rAjyalipsu sAmanta, zatru rAjA aura par3osI rAjA sira uThAte / amoghavarSa ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThate hI pUrvI cAlukya rAjavaMza ke baiMgI ke rAjA vijayAditya evaM gaMgavaMzIya rAjA rAcamalla prathama kA pRSThabala pA kara rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya ke sAmantoM evaM rAjyAdhikAriyoM ne rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya meM cAroM ora vidroha kI Aga bhaDakA dI / amoghavarSa ne bAla vaya hote hue bhI bar3e dhairya aura sUjha bUjha se kAma liyaa| apane cacere bhAI lATa pradeza ke zAsaka karka aura apane senApati baMkaiyA kI sahAyatA se usane eka ke pazcAt eka karake sabhI vidroha ko kucala ddaalaa| unnIsa (16) varSa kI Ayu meM padArpaNa karate karate amoghavarSa ne apane rAjya meM cAroM ora zAnti sthApita kara dii| IsvI san 850 ke Asa-pAsa pUrvI cAlUkyoM ke baiMgI nareza guNaga vijayAditya tRtIya ne apane rAjya ko rASTrakaToM ke Adhipatya se mukta karAne kI ceSTA kii| isa kAraNa pUrvI cAlukyoM ke sAtha pramoghavarSa ko punaH yuddha karanA pdd'aa| karanala jile ke viMgAvali nAmaka sthAna para guNaga vijayAditya kI cAlukya senA ke sAtha amoghavarSa kI senA kA bhayaMkara yuddha humA / amoghavarSa kI usameM nirNAyaka vijaya huI / isa yuddha meM parAjaya ke pazcAt baiMgI kA rAjA pUrvI cAlukya guNaga vijayAditya jIvana bhara amoghavarSa kA svAmibhakta sAmanta banA rhaa| pUrvI cAlukyoM ko vazavartI banAne ke anantara gaMga rAjA rAcamalla prathama ke putra eDaya nItimArga ne jaba rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya ke viruddha vidroha khar3A kiyA to amoghavarSa ko punaH yuddha karane ke liye bAdhya honA pdd'aa| isa yuddha meM bhI amoghavarSa ke senApati baMkaiyA ne gaMga rAja ko parAjita kara use rASTrakUTa vaMza kA vazavartI rAjA banA liyaa| - isa prakAra amoghavarSa ko lagabhaga 46 varSa taka saMgharSarata rahanA pdd'aa| usake zAsana kAla ke antima 18 varSa lagabhaga pUrNa zAnti ke sAtha bIte / rASTrakUTa vaMza kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa ko amoghavarSa indra kI alakApurI ke samAna sundara banAnA cAhatA thA / isameM usane sundara rAjamahala aura aneka bhavana banavAye / isakA zeSa paricaya rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ke paricaya meM diyA jA cukA hai| Page #758 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ mahArANA allaTa cittaur3a kA zizodiyAvaMzIya rAjA cittaur3a kA mahArANA allaTa jaina dharma aura jainAcAryoM ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA bhakti rakhane vAlA mevAr3a narezvara thaa| mevAr3a ke yazasvI zizodiyA rAjavaMza meM bappA rAvala ke pazcAt mahArAjA allaTa bar3A hI pratApI rAjA huA hai| mevAr3a ke mahArANA bhartRbhaTTa (dvitIya) kI mahArANI, rAThaur3a vaMza kI rAjakumArI mahAlakSmI kI kukSi se allaTa kA janma huA / mahArANA bhartRbhaTTa ke pazcAt vi. saM. 622 ke Asa-pAsa allaTa cittaur3a ke rAjasiMhAsana para baitthaa| 'TADa rAjasthAna meM allaTa kA samaya vi. saM. 122 ullikhita hai aura vi. saM. 1010 taka ke isake rAjyakAla ke zilAlekha upalabdha hote haiM / isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mevAr3a ke rAjasiMhAsana para vi. saM. 622 se vi saM. 1010 taka AsIna raha kara allaTa mevAr3a kA zAsana karatA rahA / ____ eka samaya jainAcArya balibhadrasUri kA vihAra krama se hathUDI meM padArpaNa huprA / usa samaya mahArANA prallaTa kI mahArAnI mahAlakSmI hathaMDI meM thI aura vaha asAdhya revatI roga se pIr3ita thii| aneka prakAra ke upacAroM ke uparAnta bhI mahArAnI kI vyAdhi zAnta hone ke sthAna para uttarottara ugra hotI jA rahI thii| balibhadrasUri ke tyAga aura tapazcaryA kI mahimA suna kara mahArAnI mahAlakSmI bhI rAjapuruSoM evaM paricArikAoM ke sAtha unake darzana ke liye gii| AcAryazrI ke darzana kara. unake tyAga evaM tapasteja se mahArAnI bar3I prabhAvita huI aura usane apanI asAdhya vyAdhi kI karuNa kahAnI saMkSepa meM prAcArya zrI ko nivedita kara dii| AcArya balibhadrasUri ke darzanoM aura unake dvArA batAye gaye vrata-niyama, pratyAkhyAna evaM pathyoM ke pAlana se mevAr3a kI mahAlakSmI kA asAdhya roga prathama dina se hI kramaza: zAnta hone lagA aura ine-gine dinoM meM hI vaha usa asAdhya roga se mukta ho pUrNarUpeNa svastha ho gii| mahArAnI kI rogamukti kA samAcAra pA mahArANA allaTa prAcArya balibhadrasUri ke darzanArtha upasthita hue / AcArya zrI ne rAjA allaTa ko jaina dharma ke mUlabhata siddhAntoM kA sArataH bodha de samyakta va kA mahatva btaayaa| mahArANA allaTa para prAcArya zrI ke upadeza kA aisA amiTa prabhAva hA ki vaha jIvana bhara jainAcAryoM ke satsaMga kA lAbha lene ke sAtha-sAtha yathAzakya jaina saMgha kI prabhAvanA ke kAryoM meM sahayoga detA rahA / balibhadrasUri ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue allaTa ne aneka pratiSThita nAgarikoM ko balibhadrasUri ke zraddhAlu zrAvaka evaM bhakta bnaayaa| usane hathUDI ke rAjA vidagdharAja ko bhI sadA AcArya zrI kI sevA meM tatpara rahane kA parAmarza diyA / vi. saM. 673 ke Asa-pAsa kI isa Page #759 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 701 ghaTanA ke pazcAt mahArAraNA allaTa jaina dharma meM gaharI ruci lene lagA / isane aneka jainAcAryoM ke upadeza sune aura unakA rAjakIya sammAna kiyA / una jainAcAryoM meM AcArya nannasUri, prAcArya jinayaza, prAcArya vimalacandra, prAcArya pradya umnasUri Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / mahArAraNA allaTa kI rAjasabhA meM prAcArya pradmamnasUri ne eka digambarAcArya ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara use apanA ziSya banAyA / kahA jAtA hai ki mahArAraNA allaTa kI eka rAnI kA nAma hariyadevI thA / vaha hUNa rAjA kI putrI thI / zrapanI usa hUNavaMzIyA rAnI ke nAma para allaTa ne harSapura nAmaka eka nagara basAyA jo vartamAna kAla meM hAMsoTa nAmaka eka grAma ke... rUpa meM avaziSTa raha gayA hai / allaTa ke rAjyakAla ke aneka zilAlekha milate haiM, unase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki mahArAraNA allaTa ne apane dIrghakAla ke zAsana meM jaina dharma ke prati ullekhanIya abhiruci lI / Page #760 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 1 hathU DI kA rAThaur3a rAjavaMza aura jainadharma kramazaH maMDovara ( maNDora ) aura jodhapura rAjya para zAsana karane vAle rAThaur3a rAjavaMza ke marudharA meM Agamana ke paryApta prAcIna kAla se hI rAThor3oM kI eka zAkhA kA rAjya mAravAr3a meM hatha DI ( mAravAr3a ke goDavAr3a ) kSetra meM bIjApura se eka kosa dUra ) nAmaka nagara para thA / yaha koI vizeSa bar3A rAjya nahIM thA kintu mevAr3a, sirohI Adi rAjyoM kA somAvartI kSetra hone ke kAraNa raNanIti kI dRSTi se isakA bar3A mahatva thA / hathUr3I rAjavaMza kA usa samaya ke bar3e-bar3e rAjAnoM ke sAtha vaivAhika sambandha thA / mevAr3a ke mahArANA prallaTa kI mahArAnI mahAlakSmI hatha DI rAjavaMza kI rAjakumArI thI / vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke zilAlekhoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki hathUr3I rAjya ke katipaya rAThaur3avaMzI rAjA jainadharma ke prati bar3I zraddhA-bhakti rakhate the aura unameM se katipaya jainadharmAvalambI the / yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki mevAr3a ke mahArANA allaTa ke nirdezAnusAra hathUr3I kA rAThaur3a vaMzIya rAjA vidagdharAja AcArya balibhadrasUri kI sevA meM tatpara rahatA thA / unake upadezoM se vidagdharAja ko jaina dharma ke prati ruci utpanna huI aura prAcArya vAsudevasUri ke upadezoM se vaha jainadharmAvalambI bana gayA / vi0 saM0 673 ke usake eka dAnazAsana se yaha tathya prakAza meM AyA hai| ki hathU DI ke rAjA vidagdharAja ne hyU DI meM bha0 AdinAtha kA eka vizAla mandira banavAkara usakI dainandinI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti evaM sudIrgha kAla taka samucita vyavasthA hetu sabhI prakAra ke vyApArika lena-dena evaM kRSi upaja para eka dharmAdA kara nirdhArita kiyA / vidagdharAja dvArA apane tAla ke barAbara svarNa kA tulAdAna diye jAne kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai / vidagdharAja kA zAsanakAla vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai / vidagdharAja ke pazcAt usakA putra mammaTarAja hathU DI kA rAjA huA / mammaTarAja ne bhI eka dAnazAsana likhakara apane pitA vidagdharAja ke dAnazAsana kA anumodana karate hue kapAsa, kesara, majITha, gehUM, jau, mUMga Adi ke AdAna-pradAna vyApAra para bhI dharmAdA kara lagAkara usase AdinAtha ke mandira ke sabhI dhArmika kAryo ko aura adhika samucita rUpa se calAte rahane kI vyavasthA kI / rAThaur3arAja mammaTa ne vi0 saM0 666, mAgha kRSNA 11 ke usa dAnazAsana meM sarvasAdhAraNa ko devadravya kI pUrI taraha rakSA ke liye sadA satarka rahane kA parAmarza dete Page #761 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] / 703 hae likhA ki devadravya ke lezamAtra kA bhI durupayoga athavA usakA nijI svArtha ke liye upayoga dhora pApa hai, ata: devadravya ko curAne athavA khAne jaise jaghanya aparAdha se pratyeka vyakti bacatA rahe / sAmAjika dRSTi se bhI hathaDI kA bahata bar3A mahatva hai kyoMki prosavAla jAti ke jhAmar3a gotra kI utpatti hathaDI se hI hii| kulagurupoM kI bahiyoM ke ullekhAnusAra vi0 saM0688 meM prAcArya sarvadevasUri vihAra krama se hathaMDI padhAre aura unake upadezoM se prabhAvita ho rAva jagamAla ne apane kauTumbika janoM ke sAtha ahiMsAmala jainadharma aMgIkAra kara apane kSatriya parijanoM ke sAtha prosavAla jAti meM sammilita huA aura una sabakA jhAmar3a gotra rakhA gyaa| ___ mammaTa ke pazcAt usakA putra dhavalarAja hathUr3I ke siMhAsana para baiThA / dhavalarAja vastutaH bar3A hI zaktizAlI aura zaraNAgata-pratipAla rAjA thaa| isake zAsanakAla meM mAlavarAja ne grAhar3a para AkramaNa kara use naSTa kara ddaalaa| usa samaya dhavalarAja ne mevAr3a ke mahArANA zAlivAhana, sambhavataH khumAraNa caturtha ko apane rAjya meM zaraNa dI / isane cauhAna mahendra kI bar3I sahAyatA kI aura gujarAta ke zaktizAlI rAjA mUlarAja ke AtaMka se AtaMkita baDhavAraNa ke rAjA dharaNIvarAha ko bhI zaraNa dii| isane apane dAdA vidagdharAja ke dvArA nirmApita bha0 AdinAtha ke mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA aura vi0 saM0 1053 kI mAgha zuklA 13 ke dina bhagavAn AdinAtha kI navIna bhavya mati kI zAntisUri se pratiSThA krvaaii| Page #762 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 45veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI padmanAbha svAmI janma vIra nirvANa samvat 1336 dIkSA vIra nirvANa samvat 1366 prAcArya pada vIra nirvANa samvat 1402 svargArohaNa vIra nirvANa samvat 1434 gRhavAsa paryAya 30 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 33 varSa prAcArya paryAya 32 varSa pUrNa sAdhu paryAya 65 varSa pUrNa prAyu vIra nirvANa samvat 1402 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 44veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI rAmaRSi svAmI ke svargagamana ke pazcAt mahAmuni zrI padmanAbha svAmI ko prabhu vIra ke 45veM (paiMtAlIsaveM) paTTadhara prAcArya pada para tatkAlIna caturvidha jaina saMgha ne pratiSThita kiyaa| 65 varSa Page #763 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 46 veM (chyAlIsaveM paTTadhara zrAcArya zrI harizarma svAmI janma dIkSA zrAcArya pada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya zrAcArya paryAya pUrNa sAdhuparyAya pUrNa zrAyu vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1370 1361 1434 1461 39 "1 19 "1 "" 13 21 varSa 43 varSa 27 varSa 70 varSa 61 varSa vIra nirvANa samvat 1434 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 45 veM ( paiMtAlIsaveM ) paTTadhara prAcArya zrI padmanAbha svAmI ke svargagamana para mahAmuni zrI harizarma svAmI ko prabhu mahAvIra ke 46 veM (chiyAlIsaveM ) paTTadhara prAcArya pada para catuvidha saMgha ne adhiSThita kiyA / Page #764 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 47 ve (saMtAlIsaveM) paTTadhara prAcArya zrI kalazaprabha svAmI janma vIra nirvANa samvat 1366 dIkSA - " , 1435 AcArya pada 1461 svargArohaNa - , 1474 gRhavAsa paryAya 66 varSa sAmAnyasAdhu paryAya 26 varSa prAcArya paryAya 13 varSa pUrNa sAdhu paryAya 36 varSa pUrNa Ayu 105 varSa vIra nirvANa samvat 1461 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 46veM (chiyAlIsaveM) paTTadhara AcArya zrI harizarma svAmI ke svargastha hone para caturvidha saMgha ne mahAmuni zrI kalazaprabha svAmI ko prabhu mahAvIra ke saiMtAlIsaveM (47) paTTadhara AcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyaa| Page #765 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bha0 mahAvIra ke 45, 46 aura 47 veM paTTadharoM ke samaya meM hue 36 veM yugapradhAnAcArya jyeSThAMga gariNa janma dIkSA sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya yuga pradhAnAcAryakAla gRhastha paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya yugapradhAnAcArya paryAya 12 varSa 18 varSa 71 varSa vIra ni. saM. 1370 vIra ni. saM. 1382 vIra ni. saM. 1382 - 1400 vIra ni.saM. 1400 - 1471 svarga vIra ni. saM. 1471 sarvAyu 101 varSa, 3 mAsa aura 3 dina 35 veM yugapradhAnAcArya dharma RSi ke svargastha hone ke uparAnta vIra ni0 saM. 1400 meM mahAmuni zrI jyeSThAMga gaNi ko catuvidha saMgha ne yugapradhAnAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA / isa prakAra jyeSThAMga gari 36 veM yugapradhAnAcArya hue / Apa kahAM ke rahane vAle the, Apake mAtA-pitA kA nAma kyA thA, isa sambandha meM jaina vAMgmaya meM koI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotA / dussamA samaNasaMgha thaya ke anusAra ApakA janma vIra nirvANa saM0 1370 meM huA / 12 varSa kI Ayu meM hI Apane vIra nirvAraNa saM0 1382 meM zramaraNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / 18 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya meM rahate hue Apane zrAgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyA aura vIra ni0 saM0 1400 meM apratima pratibhA sampanna hone ke kAraNa Apako yugapradhAnAcArya pada para AsIna kiyA gayA thA / 36 veM yugapradhAnAcArya jyeSThAMga gaNine 71 varSo taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada para virAjamAna rahate hue jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya sevA kI / 101 varSa, 3 mAsa aura tIna dina kI prAyuSya samAdhipUrvaka pUrNa kara Apane vIra ni0 saM0 1471 meM svargArohaNa kiyA / 'titthogAlI pahannaya' nAmaka prAcIna grantha meM Apake sambandha meM nimnalikhita gAthA upalabdha hotI hai : Page #766 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 708 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 shikaGRAMINAMAN-4 coddasa varisa satehiM, vocchedo jiTThabhUti samaNaMmi / kAsava gutte Neyo, kappa-vavahAra suttassa // 817 / / ' arthAt-vIra nirvANa ke 1400 varSa pazcAt kAzyapa gotrI jyeSThabhUti nAmaka zramaNa ke svargastha hone para kalpa-vyavahAra sUtra kA hrAsa ho jaaygaa| kalpa vyavahAra sUtra ke hrAsa jaisI Atyantika mahatva kI aitihAsika ghaTanA kA AcArya ke nAma ke sAtha sunizcita samaya kA ullekha hone ke kAraNa prAcIna prakIrNaka grantha titthogAli paiNNaya kI uparilikhita gAthA meM nihita tathya vastutaH itihAsa ke sabhI vidvAnoM ke liye bar3I gaharAI se vicAra karane yogya hai| titthogAlI paiNNaya meM adhikAMza aise aitihAsika tathya diye gaye haiM jinakI ki puSTi jaina vAMgmaya ke vibhinna granthoM se hotI hai / isa grantha kI gAthA saMkhyA 812 se 14 taka (yugapradhAnAcArya) puSyamitra ke sambandha meM yaha likhA gayA hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 1250 meM gaNi puSyamitra ke svargastha ho jAne para vyAkhyA prajJapti kA chaH anya aMgoM ke sAtha hrAsa ho jAyagA / yathA : paNNAsA varisehiM ya bArasa varisa saehiM vocchedo| diNNagaNi pUsamitte savivAhANaM chalaMgANaM // "dussamA samaNa saMgha thayaM" ke dvitIyodaya ke yuga pradhAna yantra meM bhI battIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya puSyamitra kA yahI samaya diyA huA hai / titthogAlipaiNNaya kI gAthA saMkhyA 815 meM mADhara sambhUta gaNi ke vIra nirvANa samvat 1300 meM svargastha ho jAne para samavAyAMga ke hrAsa kA ullekha hai| isake viparIta yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvalidussamAsamaraNasaMdhathayaM ke yugapradhAna yantra meM mADhara sambhUti ko cautIsavAM yuga pradhAna batAte hue vIra nirvANa samvat 1360 meM unake svargastha hone kA ullekha hai| mADhara sambhUti se pahale usa yugapradhAna yantra meM sambhUti ko taitIsavAM yugapradhAnAcArya batAkara vIra nirvANa samvat 1300 meM unake svargastha hone kA ullekha hai| titthogAli padaNNaya kI gAthA saMkhyA 816 meM Arjava nAmaka yati ke vIra nirvANa samvata 1350 meM svargastha ho jAne para sthAnAMga sUtra ke hrAsa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jabaki yugapradhAna yantra meM mADhara sambhUti ke vIra nirvANa samvat 1360 meM svargastha hone kA ullekha hai / isI prakAra titthogAli paiNNaya kI gAthA saM0 817 meM jaisA ki Upara batAyA gayA hai vIra nirvANa samvat 1400 meM kAzpaya gotrIya jyeSTha bhUti zramaNa ke 'paM0 zrI kalyANavijayajI aura gajasiMha rAThor3a dvArA saMpAdita titthogAlI painnaya Page #767 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 10.0 se uttaravartI bhAcArya ] / 709 svargastha hone para kalpa vyavahAra sUtra ke hAsa kA ullekha hai| isake viparIta yuga pradhAnAcArya yantra athavA yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvali meM vIra nirvANa sambata 1400 meM 35 veM yugapradhAnAcArya dharmaRSi ke svargastha hone kA ullekha hai| isake prAge tityogAli paiNNaya kI gAthA saMkhyA 818 meM ullekha hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 1500 meM gautama gotrIya mahAsatvazAlI zramaNa phalgumitra ke svargastha ho jAne para dazAtha taskaMdha kA hrAsa ho jAyagA / yugapradhAnAcArya yantra meM bhI 37 ve yugapradhAnAcArya (saMtIsaveM) phalgumitra kA vIra nirvANa samvat 1520 meM (lipika kI truTi ko sudhArA jAya to vIra nirvANa samvat 1500) svargastha hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI grantha kI gAthA saMkhyA 816 meM bharadvAja gotrIya mahA sumiNa nAmaka muni ke vIra nirvANa samvat 1600 meM svargastha ho jAne para sUtrakRtAMga ke hrAsa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvali evaM yantra meM 42 veM (bayAlIsaveM) yugapradhAnAcArya sumiNa mitra kA vIra nirvANa samvat 1918 meM svargastha hone kA ullekha hai / yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvali aura tityogAli paieNaya ke sumiNa mitra sambandhI ullekha meM 18 varSa kA antara hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki titthogAli paiNNaya meM aura yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvalI meM 32 veM (battIsaveM) yugapradhAnAcArya puSyamitra ke svargastha hone kA samaya samAna rUpa se vIra nirvANa samvat 1250 ullikhita hai| yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvali meM puSyamitra ke pazcAt sambhUti ko 33 vAM (taitIsavAM), yugapradhAna mADhara sambhUti ko 34 vAM (cautIsavAM), dharmaRSi ko 35 vAM (paitIsavAM), jyeSThAMga gaNi ko 36 vAM (chattIsavAM), phalgumitra ko 37 vAM (saiMtIsavAM) pIra sumiraNa mitra ko 42 vAM (bayAlIsavAM) yugapradhAna batAyA gayA hai| __isake viparIta titthogAli paiNNaya meM puSyamitra ke pazcAt mADhara sambhati, pArjava yati, jyeSThabhUti, phalgumitra aura mahA sumiNa muniyoM kA kramazaH ullekha karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki inake svargastha hone para kina-kina sUtroM kA hrAsa humaa| vastutaH dussamA samaNa saMghathayaM ke racanAkara dharmaghoSa sUri kA samaya vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI prarthAt vikrama samvat 1327 se 1357 taka (vIra nirvANa sambat 1797 se 1827) kA hai jabaki titthogAli paiNNaya kA racanAkAla aneka Page #768 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 71. ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 tathyoM ke AdhAra para vIra nirvANa kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM titthogAli paiNNaya ke ullekhoM para vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka ho jAtA hai / itihAsa ke zodhapriya vidvAnoM se apekSA hai ki ve isa sambandha meM zodhapUrNa prakAza ddaaleNge| 'oigAli paiNNaya kI gajasiMha rAThauDa dvArA likhita bhUmikA kA pRSTha 5 se 7, prakAzaka zvetAmbara (cArathui) jaina saMgha, jAlaura, tastagar3ha, zrI pracalacanda joitamala bAlagotA moThavADA (jaalaur)| Page #769 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ rAjagaccha rAjagaccha zvetAmbara paramparA meM bar3A yazasvI gaccha rahA hai / isa gaccha meM aneka prabhAvaka aura grandhakAra prAcArya hue haiN| jina zAsana ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM ullekhanIya yogadAna inase milaa| isa gaccha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM jaina vAMgmaya meM jo ullekha upalabdha hote haiM unakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : talavADA (tahanagaDha karolI basane se pUrva usake AsapAsa kA eka rAjadhAnI nagara) ke rAjA, jo Age jAkara nanna sUri hue, apane gRhastha jIvana meM eka dina mRgayA ke liye nikale / vana meM bhAgate hue mRgoM ke.eka Tole ko lakSya kara unhoMne tIra claayaa| unhoMne jAkara dekhA ki jisa zikAra ko unakA tIra lagA hai vaha hariNI hai, aura vaha bhI garbhavatI hariNI hai| hariNI aura usake bAhara gira par3e garbha ke bacce ko tar3apate dekhakara rAjA kA hRdaya pazcAttApa kI bhAga meM jalane lagA / rAjA ko svayaM para bar3I ghaNA haI / pazcAttApa karate-karate use saMsAra se hI virakti ho gii| rAjya, ghara aura parivAra ko tRNavat tyAgakara ve talavADA se nikala pdd'e| puNya yoga se unheM vanavAsI gaccha ke eka prAcArya ke darzana hue| rAjA ne una prAcArya se dharma kA marma sunA / sacce dharma kA boSa hote hI usa rAjA ne una vanavAsI prAcArya ke pAsa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| dIkSA dete samaya navadIkSita kA nAma nanna muni rakkhA gyaa| bar3I niSThA paura vinayapUrvaka nannamuni ne apane prAcArya deva se aneka vidyAnoM aura zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA / vanavAsI AcArya ne apanA avasAna kAla samopa samajhakara aura nanna muni ko sarvathA suyogya pAtra samajhakara prAcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| apane guru ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt nanna sUri apane ziSya parivAra ke sAtha vibhinna kSetroM meM apratihata vihAra karate hue jinadharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra karane lge| nanna sUri bar3e vidvAn, pratibhAzAlI aura kuzala vyAkhyAtA the| prataH unakA gaccha uttarottara abhivaTa hone lgaa| nanna sUri kA janma rAjavaMza meM humA thA isaliye loga unheM rAjarSi aura unake gaccha ko rAjagaccha kahane lge| isa prakAra rAjagaccha vIra nirvANa kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhyAhna meM madhya gagana gata sUrya ke samAna camakane laga gyaa| rAjagaccha ke prAcArya apane Apako mUlataH candra. gaccha ke hI prAcArya mAnate haiM aura kahate haiM ki rAjagaccha candragaccha kI hI zAkhA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki rAjagaccha aura candragaccha ina donoM gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyoM Page #770 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ baina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ko dekhate samaya kisI vijJa ke liye bhI yaha batalAnA bar3A kaThina ho jAtA hai ki amuka prAcArya candragaccha ke haiM athavA rAjagaccha ke| inhIM nanna sUri ke ziSya ajita yazovAdI sRri praziSya sahadeva sUri aura prapraziSya prama mnasUri hae / bhAcArya pradya mnasari ne bAlyakAla se hI veda vedAMgoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kara liyA thaa| unhoMne saba darzanoM kA adhyayana karate samaya jaina darzana kA bhI adhyayana kiyA / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se sabhI darzanoM kA vivecana karane para unheM isa prakAra kA vizvAsa ho gayA ki jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ke anusAra samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura . samyagcAritra aura samyaga tapazcaraNa kI prArAdhanA se hI janma, jarA, vyAdhi Adi saMsAra ke ghorAtighora dAruNa duHkhoM se sadA sarvadA ke liye mukti prApta kI jA sakatI hai / antarmana meM isa prakAra kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hote hI unhoMne rAjagaccha ke prAcArya sahadeva sUri ke pAsa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| apane guru kI caraNa zaraNa meM rahate hue unhoMne bhAgamoM kA evaM aneka vidyAoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyaa| nyAya zAstra meM niSNAtatA prApta kara ve mahAn dAdI bane / unhoMne savAlaka, gvAliyara, tribhUvanagiri cittaur3a prAdi aneka rAjyoM kI rAjasabhAnoM meM anya darzana ke vidvAnoM se zAstrArtha kiye / jaina vAMgmaya meM isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM ki pradya mnasUri ne apane jIvana meM caurAsI vAdoM meM vijaya prApta kii| zizodiyA mahArANA mallaTa rAja (vikrama samvat 622 se 1010) kI rAjasabhA meM unhoMne eka digambara mAcArya ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara apanA ziSya bnaayaa| kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki isa vijaya ke upalakSya meM cittaur3a ke kile meM eka vijayastambha kA nirmANa karavAyA gyaa|' pradyumna sUri ke pazcAt abhayadeva sUri rAjagaccha ke pAMcaveM prAcArya hue, jo 'tarka paMcAnana abhayadeva sUri' ke nAma se vikhyAta hue / ve bhI bar3e uccakoTi ke vidvAn the| katipaya vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki thArapadra gaccha ke prAcArya vAdivaitAla zAnti sUri (uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke TIkAkAra) ne ina tarka paMcAnana abhayadeva sUri ke pAsa nyAya zAstra kA pradhyayana kiyA thaa| ina abhayadevasUri ne prAcArya sikhasena sUri ke sammati taka nAmaka graMtha para paccIsa hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA anya kI racanA kii| jo vAda mahArNava ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isa vizAla grantha meM jaina maura jainetara darzanoM kI saiMkar3oM prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| saMyoga kI bAta hai ki yaha abhayadeva sUri tarka paMcAnana bhI apane gRhastha jovana meM rAjakumAra the isaliye inheM bhI loga rAjarSi ke sammAnapUrNa sambodhana se abhihita kiyA karate the| mallasabhAyAM vijite digambare sadIyapakSaH kisa komarakSakaH / dAtuM prabhorekapaTaM samAnayat tamekapa jagRhe sudhISu yaH // 3 // (prabhAvaka caritra prazasti, pRSTha saMkhyA 213) Page #771 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [713 ina prAcArya abhayadeva sUri ke paTTadhara ziSya kA nAma dhanezvara sari thA / dhanezvara sUri tribhuvanagiri nAmaka rAjya ke kardama nAmaka rAjA the| prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne inake sambandha meM apane grantha prabhAvaka caritra kI prazasti meM isa prakAra likhA hai : tribhuvanagiri svAmI zrImAn kardama bhUpati stadupa samabhUt ziSya : zrImadvanezvara saMjJayA / prajani sugurustatpaTTa'smAt prabhUtyavanistuta : tadanu vidito vizve gaccha : sa rAja padottara : // 5 // ina kardama rAja ke sAre zarIra meM aneka viSaile phaphole utpanna ho gye| aneka kuzala vaidyoM Adi se aneka prakAra ke upacAra karavAye gaye / kintu unakA vaha bhISaNa roga nAmamAtra ke liye bhI zAnta nahIM huA / unake zarIra meM ina phapholoM ke kAraNa pratipala aisI bhISaNa asahya jalana hotI thI mAno unake zarIra para jAjvalyamAna aMgAre rakkhe hoM / eka dina tribhuvanagiri meM rAjarSi abhayadeva sUri kA prAgamana huaa| unake tapazcaraNa, tyAga aura jJAna kI mahimA kardamarAja ne bhI sunI / vaha yena kena prakAreNa tarka paMcAnana abhayadeva sari ke darzanArtha unake vizrAma-sthala para gyaa| vaha unake prabhAvazAlI saumya vyaktitva ko dekhakara bar3A prabhAvita huA aura use aisA anubhava huA ki usakI pIr3A meM, jalana meM thor3I zAnti pAI hai / kardamarAja ne vicAra kiyA ki jisa mahApuruSa ke darzana mAtra se bhISaNa jalana thor3I bahuta manda huI hai to aharniza inake saMsarga meM rahane athavA inake caraNodaka ko apane zarIra para chir3akane se nizcita rUpa se yaha vyAdhi pUrNata: nirmUla ho sakatI hai / kardamarAja ne tatkSaNa pracitta jala maMgavAkara abhayadeva sUri ke caraNoM kA prakSAlana kiyA aura usa caraNa prakSAlana ke jala se phapholoM para, apane uttamAMga mukha evaM aMgopAMgoM para chir3akAva kiyaa| usake prAzcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA ki usake phapholoM kI jalana pUrNataH zAnta ho gaI hai aura vaha apaneprApako pUrNa-rUpeNa svastha anubhava kara rahA hai / tadanantara kardamarAja ne abhayadeva sUri se dharmopadeza sunaa| upadeza se use bodhilAbha huA / boghilAbha ke kAraNa usakA antarmana vairAgya ke kabhI na utarane vAle pragAr3ha raMga meM raMga gyaa| usane apane putra ko rAja siMhAsana para abhiSikta kara tarka paMcAnana abhayadeva sUri ke pAsa zramaraNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / dIkSA dene para prAcArya abhayadeva ne apane nava dIkSita ziSya kA nAma dhanezvara rkkhaa| muni dhanezvara ne guru kI sevA meM rahate hue vividha vidyAoM aura AgamoM kA gahana jJAna prApta kiyaa| ve aneka vidyAoM aura AgamoM ke viziSTa vidvAn bana gye| apane antima samaya meM abhayadeva sari ne apane ziSya dhanezvara mani ko sarvathA suyogya samajhakara rAjagaccha kA prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA / Page #772 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 714 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 1 prAcArya dhanezvara sUri ucca koTi ke vidvAn hone ke sAtha-sAtha baDe prabhAvazAlI vyAkhyAtA the| inakI vANI meM poja aura mAdhurI aotaprota thii| inhoMne aneka zAstrArthoM meM vijaya prApta kI / inake samaya meM rAjagaccha eka vizAla aura prabhAvazAlI gaccha ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA / dhanezvara sUri ne aneka rAjAoM ko prabuddha kara jainadharmAnuyAyI bnaayaa| ___isa prakAra kA bhI ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki cittaur3anagara meM inhoMne aThAraha hajAra brAhmaNoM ko upadeza dekara jaina dharmAnuyAyI bnaayaa| inake vizAla ziSya parivAra meM 18 ziSya ucca koTi ke vidvAna the| gaccha kI vizAlatA ko dekhate hue dhanezvarasUri ne apane una aThArahoM vidvAn ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA aura unase rAjagaccha kI 18 zAkhAe~ pracalita huii| dhanezvara sUri ke rAjagaccha kI una 18 zAkhAoM meM se jisa zAkhA kA mukhya kSetra cittaur3a rahA, vaha caitravAla gaccha ke nAma se prasiddha huii|' ina dhanezvara sUri ke pazcAt rAjagaccha ke paTTadhara prAcArya prajitasiMha sUri hue aura ajitasiMha sUri ke pazcAt prAcArya varddhamAna sUri hue| ina varddhamAna sUri ne vikrama samvat 180 se 161 ke bIca kI avadhi meM vanavAsI gaccha ke prAcArya vimalacandra sari ke ziSya vIramuni ko prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyaa| isa prakAra isa rAjagaccha meM aneka vidvAn aura dharma prabhAvaka prAcArya hue| unakA yathAsthAna paricaya dene kA prayAsa kiyA jaayegaa| .' jaina paramparA nu itihAsa, bhAga 1 pRSTha 508 Page #773 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ digambara paramparA meM mAthura saMgha kI utpatti digambara paramparA meM vikrama saM0 953 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1423 meM prAcArya rAmaseNa ne mathurA meM mAthurasaMgha kI saMsthApanA kii| ye rAmaseNa mathurA pradeza ke digambara paramparAnuyAyiyoM meM bar3e hI lokapriya the| inhoMne digambara paramparA meM usa samaya meM pracalita aneka pramukha mAnyatAmoM se pUrNataH bhinna mAnyatAeM pracalita kI / prAcArya rAmasena dvArA pracalita kI gaI navIna mAnyatAoM meM se pramukha do mAnyatAeM nimna prakAra hai sAdhunoM ke liye mayUrapiccha, balAkapiccha athavA-piccha mAdi kisI bhI prakAra kI picchI rakhane kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| unhoMne apane sAdhuoM ko kisI bhI prakAra kI picchI rakhane kA niSedha kiyaa| isI kAraNa digambara paramparA meM inakA mAthura saMgha niSpicchaka gaccha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAne lgaa| prAgamika ullekhoM se yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki sAdhu ke paMca mahAvratoM meM se prathama ahiMsA nAmaka mahAvrata kI samIcIna rUpa se paripAlanA ke liye rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA ye do dharmopakaraNa pratyeka sAdhu-sAdhvI ke liye anivAryarUpeNa paramAvazyaka upakaraNa batAye gaye haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya ekAdazAMgI ke etadviSayaka suspaSTa ullekhoM ko dekhane se yaha siddha hotA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA kiye gaye tIrtha-pravartana ke samaya se hI paMca mahAvratadhAriyoM ke liye, ahiMsA mahAvata ke niraticAra -rUpeNa paripAlanArtha ina do dharmopakaraNoM kA arthAt rajoharaNa (picchI) evaM mukhavastrikA kA rakhanA nirapavAdataH anivArya rUpeNa mAvazyaka batAyA gayA hai / digambara paramparA ke prAgama tulya mAnya dharmagranthoM meM bhI picchI pora kamaNDalu ina do dharmopakaraNoM kA rakhanA, tIrthaMkaroM ko chor3a sabhI paMca mahAvratadhAriyoM ke liye, digambara paramparA ke prAdurbhAva kAla se hI anivArya rakhA gayA hai| kintu mAthurasaMgha ke saMsthApaka prAcArya rAmaseNa ne "darzanasAra" ke nimna ullekhAnusAra sAdhunoM ko kisI prakAra kI picchI rakhane kA niSedha kiyA tatto dusaetIde, mahurAe mahurANa guruNAho / NAmeNa rAmaseNo, riNapicchaM vaNiyaM teNa // 40 // arthAt-tadanantara yAni vikrama saM0 753 meM nanditaTa nAmaka sundara grAma meM kASThAsaMgha kI sthApanA ke 200 varSa pazcAt vi0 saM0 653 meM mathurA pradeza ke Page #774 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 716 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 digambara paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM ke prAcArya rAmasena ne niSpicchaka (picchI niSedhaka) mAthurasaMgha kI sthApanA kii| mAthurasaMgha ke pratiSThApaka AcArya rAmaseNa ne jo dUsarI krAntikArI mAnyatA pracalita kI, usa sambandha meM prAcArya devasena ne apanI kRti "darzanasAra" meM likhA hai sammatta-payaDi-micchattaM, kahiyaM jaM jiriMgada-bibesu / appa-pariNiTThiesu ya, mamattabuddhIe parivasaNaM / / 41 // eso mama hou guru, avaro patthitti cittapariyaraNaM / saga-guru-kulAhimANo, iyaresu vi bhaMgakaraNaM ca // 42 // arthAt mAthurasaMgha kI sthApanA karane vAle prAcArya rAmaseNa ne kisI bhI jina-pratimA meM jinezvara bhagavAna kI kalpanA karane ko aura isa prakAra kI kalpanA ke sAtha pratimA ko vandana karane, usakI arcA-pUjA karane Adi kriyAkalApoM ko samyakta vaprakRti mithyAtva kI saMjJA dii| isa prakAra ADambarapurNa sAkAra-upAsanA kI ora umar3e hue janamAnasa ko prAcArya rAmasena ne niraMjana nirAkAra kI AdhyAtmika upAsanA kI dizA meM mor3a dene kA prayAsa kiyaa| prA. devasena dvArA kiye gaye uparilikhita ullekha ke anusAra mAthura saMgha dvArA kevala AdhyAtmika upAsanA ko hI mahatva diye jAne ke sAtha-sAtha mAthura saMgha ke anuyAyiyoM meM isa prakAra kI vRtti bhI utpanna kI gaI ki ve kevala apane prAcArya athavA saMgha dvArA nirmApita vasatiyoM-dharmasthAnoM meM hI nivAsa kareM, anya kisI saMgha athavA AcArya dvArA nirmApita vasatiyoM meM na tthhreN| AcArya devasena ne mAthura saMgha ke anuyAyiyoM ke mAnasa meM ghara kI huI isa manovRtti kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki ve apane guru ko hI sarvazreSTha mAne, anya kisI ko nhiiN| mAthura saMgha se itara anya sabhI saMghoM aura una itara saMghoM ke prAcAryoM prAdi ko mAnya nahIM karate hue hue. unakA bahiSkAra karane aura kevala mAthura saMgha ke sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA aura dharmasthAnoM ko apanA samajhane kA mamatvabhAva mAthura saMgha ke sUtradhAra AcArya rAmasena ne apane anuyAyiyoM meM utpanna kiyA, isa prakAra kA ullekha bhI prAcArya devasena ne "darzanasAra" kI Upara uddhata gAthA saM0 42 meM kiyA hai| . AcArya rAmasena ne sAdhu ke liye picchI rakhane kA niSedha karane ke sAtha sAtha pratimA meM jinendra kI kalpanA kara usa pratimA kI pUjA-arcA, vandanA Adi kriyAoM ko samyaktvaprakRtimithyAtva kI saMjJA dI isI kAraNa nItisAra kI nimnalikhita gAthA meM anya katipaya saMghoM ke sAtha mAthura saMgha ko bhI jainAbhAsa saMgha batAyA gayA hai-- gopucchaka: zvetavAso, drAvir3o yApanIyakaH / niSpicchakazceti paMcate, jainAbhAsAH prakIrtitAH / / Page #775 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bha0 mahAvIra ke 46veM evaM 47veM paTTadhara kramazaH prAcArya harizarma svAmI aura kalazaprabha tathA 36veM yugapradhAnAcArya jyeSThAMgagariNa ke samaya ke mahAprabhAvaka prAcArya siddharSi pranIta kAla se hama sunate A rahe haiM ki pArasa ke saMsarga se lohA svarNa ho jAtA hai, para pratyakSa meM na kisI ne pArasa ko dekhA hai aura na svarNa meM pariNata hote lohe ko| parantu santa-samAgama se, satsaMga ke pratApa se sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa jana bhI jana se jina, mAnava se mahAtmA, prAtmA se paramAtmA aura nara se nArAyaNa bana jAtA hai / isake na kevala eka apitu anekAneka jvalanta pramAraNa hameM sarvaza-prarUpita bhAgamoM, mahAn prAcAryoM dvArA praNIta dharmagranthoM ke mAdhyama se aura pratyakSa bhI upalabdha ho jAte haiN| adhyAtma-vidyA ke uccakoTi ke mahAkavi evaM mahAn prAcArya sirSi kA jIvana-caritra satsaMga evaM santa-samAgama ke adbhuta camatkAra, acintya pratApa evaM anupama prabhAva kA eka anUThA udAharaNa hai ki eka jumArI (dyUtakrIr3aka) santasamAgama ke prabhAva se kisa prakAra adhyAtma-sampadA kI akSaya-anamola niSi, ratnatrayI kA eka uttama koTi kA svAmI bana gyaa| siddharSi kA janma vikrama kI pAThavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhakAla ke pAsa-pAsa gujarAta rAjya kI tatkAlIna rAjadhAnI zrImAla (vartamAna bhInamAla) nAmaka aitihAsika nagara meM eka nItinipuraNa evaM dharmaniSTha amAtya kula meM hmaa| pApake pitAmaha suprabha (apara nAma suraprabha) vizAla gujarAta rAjya ke pradhAnAmAtya the| mahAmantrI suraprabha ke datta aura zubhaMkara nAmaka do putra the| una donoM bhAiyoM kI tatkAlIna gujarAta rAjya ke vipula vaibhava sampanna zrImantoM ke sAtha-sAtha mahAdAniyoM meM gaNanA kI jAtI thii| datta ke putra kA nAma mAgha aura zubhaMkara ke putra kA nAma siddha thA / mahAkavi mAgha aura sarasvatI ke paramopAsaka dhArApati bhoja ke bIca paraspara pragAr3ha maitrI thii| mASa ne mahAkavi ke rUpa meM prasiddhi prApta kii| usane "zizupAla-vadha" nAmaka utkRSTa koTi ke mahAkAvya kI racanA kara mahAkaviyoM meM mUrdhanya sthAna prApta kiyaa| mahAkavi mASa ke prasAda, upamAlaMkAra, padalAlitya evaM gambhIra artha gaurava-garimA mAdi guNoM kI mahimA meM kisI kavi dvArA racita nimna zloka kAvyarasikoM kA sudIrgha kAla se hI kaNThAbharaNa banA humA hai : Page #776 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 718 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 upamA kAlidAsasya, bhAraverarthagauravam / daNDinaH padalAlityaM mAghe, santi trayo guNAH "I isase sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki mAgha kitanA bar3A prakANDa paNDita thA / apane jyeSTha bhrAtA (tAU ke putra) mAgha ke samAna hI siddharSi bhI apratima kAvya pratibhA ke dhanI the| jahAM unake jyeSTha bandhu mahAkavi mAgha ne 'zizupAlavadha' kI racanA kara kevala sAhityika jagat meM hI vipula kIrti prApta kI; vahAM siddharSa ne, sakala karmakaluSa ko ghokara jIvanamukta hone kI kAmanA vAle mumukSu sAdhakoM ke liye prakAzastambha tulya prazasta pathapradarzaka 'upamiti bhavaprapaMca kathA' nAmaka mahAkAvya ke sabhI guNoM se paripUrNa evaM adhyAtmajJAna se zrota-prota pratyuttama vizAla grantha kI racanA kara zrAdhyAtmika jagat aura sAhityika jagat -- donoM hI kSetroM meM samAna rUpa se akSaya-kIrti aMjita kii| ve saMsAra meM adhyAtma rasa ko hI sArabhUta evaM amRtatva pradAyI rasa samajhate the / isa zrAgamavacana ke anusAra - sabvaM vilaviyaM gIyaM savvaM naTaM viDambiyaM / savve zrAbharaNA bhArA, savve kAmA duhAvahA || ( uttarAdhyayana sUtra ) ve adhyAtmakalA ke pratirikta saMsAra kI saba kalAnoM ko nirarthaka samajhate the / una siddharSi kA jIvanavRtta saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : vizAla gujarAta rAjya ke adhipati varmalAta nAmaka mahArAjA ke mahAmAtya suraprabha ke kaniSTha putra zubhaMkara kI patiparAyaNA - dharmaniSThA patnI lakSmI kI kukSi se siddharSi kA janma gajarAta kI rAjadhAnI zrImAla meM vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhakAla ke Asa-pAsa huaa| zubhaMkara zreSThi vipula vaibhava kA ghanI evaM mahAdAnI thA / ataH sabhI prakAra kI sukha-suvidhAoM se sampanna evaM aizvarya pUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM zizu siddha kA bar3e dulAra se lAlana-pAlana kiyA gayA / zikSA yogya vaya ho jAne para pitA ne apane putra ke zikSaraNa kI samucita vyavasthA kI / kuzAgrabuddhi bAlaka siddha yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa karate-karate aneka vidyAnoM meM niSNAta ho gayA / siddhakumAra pratula sampadA ke svAmI mAtA-pitA kA ikalautA putra thA / sukhopabhoga kI sAmagrI kI isake yahAM kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM thii| eka kulIna kanyA ke sAtha usakA vivAha kara diyA gayA / usake samavayaska mitroM kI saMkhyA bhI bar3hane lgii| kucha manacale vyasanapriya mitroM ke saMsarga ke pariNAmasvarUpa siddha kumAra ko junA khelane kA vyasana laga gayA / dyUtakrIr3A ke durvyasana meM vaha zanaiH-zanaiH itanA adhika grasta ho gayA ki rAtri meM bar3I dera se vaha ghara lauTane lagA / usakI patnI usakI pratIkSA meM rAta-rAta bhara jAgatI rahatI / isa prakAra nitya nirantara Page #777 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 716 rAtrijAgaraNa aura cintA ke phalasvarUpa siddha kI patnI uttarottara kRSa se kRSatara hotI gaI aura asvastha rahane lgii| ___ eka dina gRhasvAminI lakSmI ne apanI putravadhu kI isa prakAra kI sthiti dekhakara cintA prakaTa karate hue pUchA :-"putri! tuma ina dinoM kRSa kyoM hotI jA rahI ho? tumhArI saumya evaM manohArI mukhamudrA para cintA kI rekhAeM kyoM ubharatI jA rahI haiM ? tumheM kisa bAta kA duHkha hai, nissaMkoca hokara spaSTa kho|" siddhakumAra kI patnI ne vinamra svara meM uttara diyA :-"mAM ! ApakI mamatAmayI chatrachAyA meM mujhe duHkha kisa bAta kA ho sakatA hai|" uttara dete-dete usakA galA bhara AyA aura antastala ke udvega ko rokane kA pUrNa prayAsa karane para bhI usakI prAMkhoM se haThAt azra kaNa Dhalaka pdd'e| prazroM ko chipAne kA prayAsa karate hue usane apanA sira jhukA liyaa| sAsa ne bar3e dulAra se apanI putravadhu ko apane vakSasthala se lagA liyA aura dulAra se usakI pITha sahalAte hue pUchA :- "beTI! kahIM apanI mAM se bhI bhalA koI bAta chupAI jAtI hai / spaSTa kaho, tumheM kisa bAta kA duHkha hai, kisa bAta kI cintA hai ?" eka bAra to ziddha kumAra kI patnI ke mAnasa meM bar3e prabala vega se jvAra uThA kintu tatkSaNa apane Apako samhAlate hue usane apanI sAsa se kahA :"mAM! duHkha aura cintA kI to koI bAta nahIM, kintu aApake suputra rAtri meM bAhara se bar3I dera se prAyaH uSA velA meM ghara lauTate haiN| mujhe rAta bhara jAgRta rahate hue unakI pratIkSA karanI par3atI hai| nirantara rAtri-jAgaraNa ke kAraNa maiM prApako udAsa aura kRSa pratIta ho rahI huuN| isake atirikta anya koI bAta nahIM hai|" ___ sAsa ne kahA :-"acchA ! tumane pahale mujhe isa bAta se avagata kyoM nahIM kiyA ? khaira, maiM aba samucita prabandha kara dUMgI / tuma nizcinta rho|" sAyaMkAla saba prakAra ke prAvazyaka kAryoM se nivRtta hone ke anantara gRhasvAminI ne apanI putravadhu ko nizcita hokara so jAne kA nirdeza diyA aura svayaM gRha ke mukhya dvAra ke samIpa vAle kakSa meM baiTha kara apane putra ke ghara lauTane kI pratIkSA karane lgii| rAtri ke caturtha caraNa kA kucha samaya vyatIta hone para gRhasvAminI lakSmI ko praveza dvAra ke samIpa apane putra ke padacApa kI dhvani sunAI pdd'ii| vaha kucha kSaNa mauna sAdhe baiThI rahI / gRha dvAra khole jAne kI prArthanA kiye jAne para usane ghanarava gambhIra svara meM pUchA__"isa samaya kauna hai, yaha dvAra para? Page #778 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 720 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 " mAtA kI bolI sunakara sahame hue svara meM siddha ne uttara diyA :- "siddha / " mAtA ne kucha Akroza bhare svara meM pUchA - "kauna siddha ? kaisA siddha ? aise hote haiM siddha ?" vinamra svara meM siddha ne uttara diyA- mAM ! yaha to maiM tumhArA putra siddha hU~ / " putra ko zikSA dene ke liye usane kiMcit kaThora svara meM kahA - " maiM nahIM jAnatI svecchA vihArI usa siddha ko, jisake ghara zrAne-jAne kA koI samaya nizcita nahIM / yaha bhI koI samaya hai itanI rAta gaye ghara lauTane kA ? gRhasthoM ke gharoM ke dvAra rAta bhara khule nahIM raha sakate / " putra ne apane aparAdha ko svIkAra karane ke svara meM mAtA se prazna kiyA to, isa samaya meM anyatra kahA~ jAU~ mA~ ?" bhAja yadi dvAra nahIM kholUMgI to merA putra bhaviSya meM sadA samaya para zrAyA karegA, yaha vicAra kara mAM ne uttara diyA- "calA jA vahIM, jahAM rAta meM dvAra khule rahate hoM / " ise mAM ke pradeza ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate hue siddha tatkAla binA kucha bole hI apane ghara ke dvAra se mur3akara zrImAla nagara ke mukhya mArga para donoM pArzva ke gharoM kI ora dRSTinipAta karatA huA bhAge kI ora bar3hane lagA / usane dekhA ki sabhI gharoM ke dvAra banda haiM, eka bhI ghara kA dvAra khulA hunA nahIM hai| jahAM vaha mAM ke prAdeza ke anusAra jA sake / khule dvAra vAle ghara kI khoja meM vibhinna mArgoM, vIthiyoM aura rathyAnoM meM bhramaNa karate karate siddha kI dRSTi eka aise ghara para par3I, jisake dvAra pUrNataH khule the / mAtA ke pradeza ke anurUpa yahI vaha ghara hai, jahAM vaha jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra vicAra kara siddha ne usa ghara meM praveza kiyaa| vaha eka jaina upAzraya thA / vahAM usane dekhA ki usameM eka jainAcArya apane zramaraNa ziSyoM ke sAtha virAjamAna haiN| sabhI muni jAgRta evaM vividha prAdhyAtmika sAdhanAtroM meM nirata the / siddhakumAra ne dekhA ki katipaya muni paTTa para padmAsana se prAsIna apane guru ke sammukha vinayAvanata ho jijJAsu mudrA meM baiThe hue apanI tatvajJAna pipAsA ko zAnta kara rahe haiM, katipaya muni svAdhyAya meM lIna haiM, katipaya utkaTAsana lagAe hue to katipaya goduhAsana lagAye hue prAtmacintana meM tallIna haiM / una zAnta - dAnta muniyoM ke darzanamAtra se hI siddhakumAra ke antastala meM anirvacanIya zAnti kA jharanA phUTa pdd'aa| use anubhava huA, kitanA antara hai ina muniyoM ke aura usake jIvana meN| vaha socane lagA -" kahAM to ye zIla evaM saMyama kI Page #779 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI bhAcArya ] [ 721 sAdhanA tathA Izvara kI upAsanA meM aharniza lIna rahane vAle mahAn santa aura kahAM viSaya-kaSAyoM kA kRmi evaM durvyasanoM kA dAsa maiM / ye mahApuruSa abhyutthAna ke patha para ArUr3ha ho amRtatva evaM akSaya zAnti kI prApti ke liye makti patha para agrasara ho rahe haiM aura kahAM maiM viSaya-kaSAyoM ke halAhala viSapAna se unmatta banA adhaHpatana ke garta meM bar3e tIvra vega se girA jA rahA huuN| ye mahApuruSa zAnti, zIla, saMyama evaM sadAcAra ke rAste para cala kara mAnava janma ko saphala banA rahe haiM aura maiM durvyasanoM kA krIta dAsa banA apane mAnava janma ko na kevala viphala hI banA rahA hUM, apitu miTTI meM milA rahA hUM / dhikkAra hai mujhe jo maiM durvyasanoM ke ghora daladala meM phaMsa kara apane ihaloka meM apazaya kA aura paraloka meM dussahya dAruNa du:khoM kA bhAjana banane kA upakrama kara rahA huuN| yaha mere purAkRta kisI mahAn puNyodaya kA hI phala hai ki Aja mujhe ina taraNa-tAraNa, sva-para kalyANa meM rata mahApuruSoM ke darzana kA saubhAgya prApta huA hai / Aja kA dina vastutaH mere liye mahAn zubha dina hai, jabaki mAM kA kopa bhI mere liye isa rUpa meM varadAna svarUpa siddha ho rahA hai|" isa prakAra cintana karatA huA siddhakumAra paTTa para virAjamAna prAcArya ke samakSa pahuMcA aura usane unheM pragAr3ha zraddhA-bhakti ke sAtha vandana namana kiyaa| prAcArya ne AziSamudrA meM karatala uThAte hue usase prazna kiyA-"saumya ! tuma kahAM ke rahane vAle ho, isa velA meM tumhArA yahAM prAgamana kaise huA ?" siddha ne saba kucha yathAtathyarUpeNa spaSTataH prakaTa karate hue kahA- "bhagavan ! maiM isa nagara ke zreSThi zubhaMkara kA ikalautA putra haiN| merA nAma siddha hai| maiM dya takrIr3A ke vyasana meM itanA adhika lipta ho gayA ki rAtri meM bar3I dera se ghara Ane lgaa| sadA to merI patnI gaha ke mukhyadvAra khola detI thI kintu prAja jaba maiMne dvAra khaTakhaTAye to mAtA ne dvAra kholane se manA kara diyA aura mujhe kahA ki jahAM rAtri meM dvAra khule rahate hoM, usI ghara meM calA jaa| isa bhavana ke dvAra khule dekha kara mAtA ke kathana kI anupAlanA karatA huA maiM yahAM A gyaa| yahAM Apake darzana kara maiM kRtakRtya ho gyaa| aba Aja se lekara jIvana-paryanta maiMne Apake caraNoM kI zaraNa meM rahane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyA hai| saMsAra sAgara se pAra lagAne vAle mahAn jalapota tulya Apako pAkara aba maiM anyatra kahIM nahIM jAnA caahtaa| saMsAra meM bhalA aisA kauna murkha hogA jo nAva ke mila jAne para bhI samudra ko pAra nahIM karanA caahegaa|" siddha ke vinaya, vyaktitva aura vAgmitA ko dekha kara prAcArya ne jaba jJAnopayoga lagAyA to ve mana hI mana bar3e prasanna hue| unheM navAgantuka yuvaka siddha meM jinazAsana ke bhAvI mahAn prabhAvaka ke sabhI lakSaNa dRSTigocara hue| Page #780 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 722 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ise samajha kara prAcArya ne siddha ko madhura sambodhana se sambodhita karate hue kahA-saumya ! hamAre pAsa to vahI raha sakatA hai jo hamAre jaisA veSa dhAraNa kara le / zramaNadharma aMgIkAra kiye binA koI bhI hamAre pAsa nahIM raha sakatA aura tumhAre jaise svecchAcArI ke liye zramaNadharma ko aMgIkAra karanA bar3A kaThina kArya hai| kandarpa ke darpakA pUrNarUpeNa dalana kara duzcara ghora brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karanA, saba prakAra ke parigraha kA parityAga kara madhukarI se-jIvana-nirvAha karanA, zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMga meM pIr3A utpanna kara dene vAlA kezaluMcana karanA, bAlukApiNDa ke bhakSaNa ke samAna nitAnta nissvAdu saMyama kA pAlana karanA, grAmakaNTaka duSTa puruSoM ke tIkhe vyaMgapUrNa dussahya kaTuvacana zAnta samabhAva se sunanA, lohe ke cane cabAne tulya 22 prakAra ke parISahoM ko harSAmarSavihIna zAnta citta se sahana karanA, ugra capazcaraNa karanA, ye saba talavAra kI dhAra para calane ke samAna duzcara, durUha aura dussAdhya haiN|" AcArya zrI kI bAta dhyAnapUrvaka sunane ke pazcAt siddha ne saMyata, sudRr3ha evaM vinamra svara meM nivedana kiyA-"bhagavana ! maiM vigata kucha samaya se durvyasana meM lipta huuN| jo loga durvyasanoM ke dAsa bana jAte haiM, ve loga antatogatvA corI Adi ghora aparAdha karanA prArambha kara dete haiN| unake aparAdhoM ke daNDa ke rUpa meM rAjya dvArA una logoM ke nAka, kAna, bAhu-yugala aura caraNa-yugala taka kATa diye jAte haiN| unake ghara vAle unheM ghara se nikAla dete haiN| isa prakAra apaMga, asahAya, aura avaza bane ve loga bhIkha mAMga kara apanI udarapUrti karate haiN| deva ! durvyasaniyoM kI avazyaMbhAvI isa prakAra kI dayanIya duravasthA kI tulanA meM bhI kyA Apake dvArA batAye gaye zramaNadharma kI paripAlanA meM Ane vAle kaSTa adhika dussahya evaM dAruNa haiM ? saMyama to vastutaH vizvavandha hai| merI mAnyatA hai bhagavan ! ki durvyasaniyoM ke jIvana meM avazyaMbhAvI una duHkhoM kI tulanA meM to saMyama jIvana meM hone vAle kaSTa nagaNya evaM nahIM vat haiN| isake uparAnta bhI sabase bar3I bAta yaha hai ki durvyasanajanya una dAruNa dukhoM ko ihaloka meM bhoga lene ke pazcAta paraloka meM bhI durvyasaniyoM kA duHkhoM se chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| paraloka meM to unheM ihaloka ke una kaSToM se bhI adhika ghorAtighora dAruNa duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| isake viparIta saMyama-jIvana ke svecchApUrvaka varaNa kiye gaye duHkhoM-kaSToM-parISahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kara lene ke pazcAt yA to sAdhaka utkaTa sAdhanA dvArA sadAsarvadA ke liye saba prakAra ke duHkhoM kA usI bhava meM anta kara zAzvata-avyAbAgha ananta sukha kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai athavA divya deva sukhoM evaM mahaddhika mAnavabhava ke sukhoM ko bhoga kara do, tIna yA ine-gine bhavoM meM hI zuddha-buddha-mukta ajarAmara pada ko prApta kara letA hai / bhagavan ! maiM aba saba prakAra ke duHkhoM kA sadA-sadA ke liye anta karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara cukA huuN| ataH isa dIna para dayA karake ise zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA dekara apane ina sakala saMtApa, pApa, bhavatApahArI caraNa-kamaloM Page #781 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 723 meM zaraNa diijiye| isa dAsa ke sira para apanA varada hasta rakha kara kRtakRtya kiijiye|" siddha dvArA dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha abhivyakta kiye gaye prAntarika udgAroM evaM usakI bhAvAbhivyaMjanA kI zailI se prAcAryazrI atIva camatkRta ho mana hI mana bar3e pramudita hue| unhoMne kahA-"vatsa ! hama koI bhI binA dI huI vastu grahaNa nahIM karate / hamAre pAsa saMyama lene ke liye tumhAre mAtA-pitA-patnI kI svIkRti Avazyaka hai| taba taka ke liye dhairya rkho|" prAcAryadeva ke Adeza ko zirodhArya kara siddha kumAra upAzraya meM hI raha gyaa| suyogya ziSya kI upalabdhi kI AzA meM prAcAryazrI ko Antarika prAha lAda kA anubhava huaa| udhara prAtaHkAla hone para rAtri kI sArI ghaTanA kA hAla apanI patnI se sunakara zubhaMkara zIghra hI apane ghara se bAhara nikalA aura apane putra ko DhUr3hatA huA usI upAzraya meM AyA to zAnti ke pIyUSa se sadyasnAta kI bhAMti apane putra ko zAnta-dAnta mudrA meM vahAM baiThe dekhaa| usane siddha ke samIpa jA kara kahA-putra ! yadi prArambha se hI maiM tumheM ina mahApuruSoM ke satsaMga meM dekhatA to mujhe atyanta Ananda hotA kintu sAdhuoM ke prAcAra se bilkula viparIta dya takrIr3A ke vyasanI kA saMgama mujhe sUrya aura ketu ke saMyoga ke tulya dukhada pratIta ho rahA hai / calo aba ghara calo, tumhArI mAtA atIva utkaTa utkaNThApUrvaka tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahI hai / tumhAre cale Ane ke kAraNa tumhArI mAtA zokAMgni meM saMtapta ho rahI hai|" pitA kI bAta suna kara siddha ne kahA-"tAta ! aba to bhavAbdhipota tulya tAraNa-taraNa samartha gurudeva ke caraNoM meM merA citta lIna ho gayA hai| maiM aba jIvana-paryanta inake caraNoM kI zaraNa meM raha kara ghorAtighora dAruNa duHkhoM se otaprota saMsAra sAgara se pAra hone kA prayAsa kruuNgaa| ataH aba maiM ghara nahIM lauttgaa| sAra tatva ko samajha lene ke pazcAt mujhe usa ghara se aba koI prayojana nahIM raha gayA hai| aba to ina samartha gurudeva ke caraNoM meM zramaNadharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra karane ke liye merA mana vyagra ho rahA hai / aba Apa apane mana se mere prati moha ko sadA ke liye pUrNataH dUra kara diijiye| mAtA ne mujhe Adeza diyA thA ki jahAM rAta bhara dvAra khule rahate hoM, vahIM cale jaao| mAM kI AjJA kI anupAlanA meM purAkata vipula puNya ke pratApa se maiM saMsAra ke sarvAdhika upayukta sthAna para aba A gayA hUM, to aba jIvana bhara ina mahApuruSoM kI caraNa-zaraNa meM hI rhuuNgaa| jIvana-paryanta apanI jananI kI usa mahAkalyANakAriNI AjJA kA pAlana karatA rahUMgA, isI se merI kulInatA niSkalaMka evaM akSata banI raha skegii|" apane antastala meM agAdha pIr3A kA anubhava karate hae zubhaMkara zreSThi ne kahA-"putra ! isa prakAra kA vicAra tumheM apane mana meM bhUla kara bhI nahIM lAnA | Page #782 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 724 1 | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 caahiye| logoM meM hamArI gaNanA na kevala koTidhvaja zrImanta ke rUpa meM apitu asaMkhya dhvajAdhipati zrImanta ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai| thor3A isa bAta para to vicAra karo ki yadi hamAre ghara ke eka mAtra dIpaka tumhIM ghara-bAra kA tyAga kara aparigrahI sAdhu bana jAoge to isa asaMkhya dhvaja-mitA sampadA kA upabhoga kauna karegA? isakA upayoga kyA hogA ? ataH uTho, ghara calo aura satpuruSoM dvArA zlAghanIya sadAcAra ke mArga para calate hue apAra lakSmI kA apanI icchAnusAra upabhoga karo, dAna-puNya Adi ubhayaloka kalyANakArI kAryoM meM isakA upayoga kro| tumhArI mamatAmUrti mAtA ke tuma nayanatAre ho / navor3hA kulavadhu, jisane abhI-abhI yauvana kI dehalI para padArpaNa kiyA hai, vaha bhI abhI taka saMtativihIna hI hai| una donoM ke tumhI eka mAtra , jIvanAdhAra ho / maiM to aba vRddha ho cukA huuN| merA kyA bharosA, na jAne kisa kSaNa sadA ke liye aAMkheM nimIlita kara ajJAta loka kI ora prayAraNa kara jAUM / ata: atula vaibhava kA, sAMsArika sukhoM kA tuma upabhoga kro| yadi tuma janma-maraNa ke cakra se sadA ke liye chuTakArA cAhate ho to apane vaMza kI paramparA ko akSaNNa rUpa se calAne vAlI saMtati ke utpanna ho jAne ke pazcAt zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita ho jaanaa|" siddhi ko hI apane jIvana kA eka mAtra lakSya banA cukane vAle siddha ko moha, mamatA, pralobhana Adi sAMsArika prapaMca usake dRr3ha nizcaya se kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita nahIM kara sake / siddha ne apane pitA se kahA ---"tAta ! ina sAMsArika prapaMcoM meM phaMsA rahane ke kAraNa maiM bhI anya saMsArI jIvoM kI bhAMti ananta kAla se karAla kAla kI vikarAla cakkI meM nirantara pisatA A rahA huuN| aba meM kSaraNa bhara ke liye bhI ina sAMsArika prapaMcoM meM nahIM phaMsanA caahtaa| merA mana aba brahma meM, prAtmasvarUpa.meM lIna ho bahirmukhI se antarmukhI bana cukA hai| aba kisI bhI prakAra ke laukika pralobhana kA mere antarmana para kiMcitmAtra bhI prabhAva hone vAlA nahIM hai| aba to Apase eka hI vinamra prArthanA hai ki Apa ina gurudeva se yaha prArthanA kIjiye- "karuNAsindho ! kRpA kara mere putra isa siddha ko zramaNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna kara sadA ke liye apanI zaraNa meM lene kA anugraha kiijiye|" isa prakAra siddha ne punaH punaH apane pitA se yahI anurodha kiyaa| zubhaMkara ko jaba pUrNa vizvAsa ho gayA ki usake putra ke mana meM na to kisI prakAra kA Akroza hai aura na roSa hI, evaM usakA antarmana pUrNataH vairAgya ke amiTa raMga meM raMga gayA hai, saMsAra kI koI zakti usako aba yogamArga se mor3a kara bhogamArga meM pravRtta nahIM kara sakatI, to anya koI upAya na dekhakara zubhaMkara ne AcAryadeva ke caraNoM meM praNipAtapUrvaka prArthanA kI-"vizvabandho ! prAcAryadeva ! kRpA kara Apa mere isa mumukSa putra siddha ko zramaNadharma meM dIkSita kara sadA ke liye apanI caraNa-zaraNa meM le liijiye|" Page #783 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 725 zubhaMkara kI prArthanA svIkAra kara prAcAryazrI ne katipaya dinoM pazcAt zubha muhUrta meM siddharSi ko zramaNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna kii| guru ne apane navadIkSita ziSya siddha ko apanI guru paramparA ke katipaya prAcAryoM ke nAma sunAte hue kahA"vatsa ! sAvadhAna hokara suno| purAtana kAla meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke (yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI ke anusAra) 18veM paTTadhara Arya vajrasvAmI nAmaka eka mahAn prabhAvaka yugapradhAnAcArya hue haiM, jo ki daza pUrvo ke jJAna ke dhAraka the| vIra ni. saM. 585 meM Arya vacasvAmI ke svargastha hone para unake paTTadhara prAcArya vajrasena hue| AcArya vajrasena ke nAgendra, nirvatti, candra aura vidyAdhara nAmaka cAra mukhya ziSya the / prAcArya vajrasena ke una cAroM pramukha ziSyoM ke nAma para cAra gaccha pracalita hue| nivRtti gaccha meM sUrAcArya nAmaka eka mahAn prAcArya hue| unhIM sUrAcArya kA ziSya meM garga RSi nAmaka prAcArya tumhArA dIkSA guru huuN| pramAda se dUra rahakara ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha rUpa paMca mahAvratoM kA tumheM jIvana-paryanta vizuddha rUpeNa pAlana karanA hai|" siddha muni ne apane guru gargaSi kI AjJA ko savinaya zirodhArya kara ugra tapazcaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha bar3I hI niSThApUrvaka prAgamoM kA adhyayana karanA prArambha kiyaa| kuzAgra buddhi ke dhanI siddha muni ne apekSita samaya se pUrva hI nyAya, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, gaNita, nIti Adi sabhI vidyAmoM meM niSNAtatA prApta kara lI aura ve aMga zAstroM ke viziSTa marmajJa vidvAn bana gye| vibhinna darzanoM ke tarkagranthoM kA adhyayana kara nyAya zAstra para viziSTa pANDitya prApta kara lene ke pazcAt siddharSi ke mana meM vicAra utpanna humA-"apane aura pranyAnya prAyaH sabhI dharmoM ke tarkagranthoM kA adhyayana to maiMne kara liyA kintu bauddha dharma ke nyAyazAstra to kevala bauddhabahula sudUrastha prAnta ke bauddha vidyApITha meM hI par3hAye jAte haiN| ataH mujhe vahAM jAkara bauddha nyAya kA bhI adhyayana kara apane jJAna meM aura vRddhi karanI caahiye|" isa prakAra vicAra karate-karate siddharSi ke mana meM bauddha nyAya kA adhyayana karane kI utkaTa abhilASA utpanna huI / eka dina unhoMne apane guru kI sevA meM upasthita ho unake samakSa, apanI bauddha nyAya par3hane kI abhilASA prakaTa karate hue sudUrastha bauddha vidyApITha meM adhyayanArtha jAne kI anujJA pradAna karane kI prArthanA kii| apane nimitta jJAna kA upayoga lagAkara gargaSi ne apane ziSya siddhaSi se kahA -- "vatsa ! vidyAdhyayana ke viSaya meM santoSa na karanA to vastutaH zubha lakSaNa hai kintu tumhAre isa prastAva ke sambandha meM mujhe spaSTata: yaha prAbhAsa ho rahA hai ki bauddhoM ke kUtoM evaM hetvAbhAsoM se tumhArI mati bhrAnta ho jaaygii| usakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki apane dharma ke prati tumhArI AsthA lupta ho jAyagI aura bauddha dharma ke prati tuma prAsthAvAna bana jaaoge| isase Aja taka tumane paMca Page #784 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 726 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 mahAvratoM kA pAlana karate hue jo puNya prarjita kiyA hai, vaha tumhArA puNya naSTa ho jAyagA, tumhArI Aja taka kI huI adhyAtmasAdhanA vyartha calI jAyagI / aisI sthiti meM meM tumhAre hita meM yahI ucita samajhatA hUM ki tumheM bauddhoM ke zikSaNa saMsthAna meM jAkara bauddha-nyAya ke adhyayana kA vicAra apane mana se nikAla denA cAhiye / yadi vahAM jAne kA vicAra tumhAre mana se kisI bhI prakAra nahIM nikalatA hai to tuma mere samakSa yaha pratijJA karo ki bauddhoM ke kutarkoM se bhrAntacitta ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI tuma unake saMgha ke sadasya banane se pUrva eka bAra mere pAsa avazya Aoge aura hamAre prathama mahAvrata ahiMsA kA jo pradhAna evaM sarvapramukha upakaraNa tathA anivArya cihna yaha rajoharaNa hai, ise tuma svayaM hameM hI lAkara samarpita karoge / " apane guru ke mukha se isa prakAra kI bAta sunate hI siddharSa apane donoM karataloM se apane donoM karNarandhroM ko prAcchAdita karate hue bole- zAntaM pApaM, zAntaM pApaM, amaMgalaM pratihataM prarthAt pApa zAnta ho, amaMgala kA nAza ho / gurudeva ! aisA kRtaghna ziSya kauna hogA jo Apake dvArA udghATita apane jJAna cakSunoM ko paravAdiyoM ke viSadhUmra tulya kutarkoM se malina kara apanI samyagdRSTi ko punaH dUSita kara legA ? deva ! rajoharaNa samarpita karane kI antima bAta Apane mere liye mere kisa aparAdha ke upalakSa meM kahI hai ? bhagavan ! koI bhI kulIna vyakti apane guru ko kabhI nahIM chor3a sakatA / dhatUre ke naze ke prabhAva se bhrAntacitta hue mAnava ke samAna yadi vahAM jAne para mujhe kadAcit mativibhrama ho bhI gayA, to bhI meM Apake pradeza kA pAlana kara ApakI sevA meM avazyameva upasthita hoUMgA, yaha merI aTala pratijJA hai / sunatA bhAyA hUM ki bauddhoM kA nyAyazAstra tarkajAla se paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa bar3A hI durgama, jaTila evaM durUha hai / ataH bahuta dinoM se mere antarmana meM yaha abhilASA balavatI hotI jA rahI hai ki maiM bhI unako paDhU aura dekhU N ki ve kaise jaTila haiM / unake adhyayana se mujhe bhI apanI buddhi ke sambandha meM jJAta ho jAyagA ki isameM kitanI kSamatA hai / " isa prakAra kI pratijJA karane aura apane guru kI anujJA prApta ho jAne ke pazcAt siddhaSi vahAM se prasthita ho anukramaza: grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karatA huprA bar3I lambI yAtrA pUrNa kara eka dina mahAbodhi nAmaka bauddhoM ke eka vikhyAta zikSA 'kendra meM pahuMcA / vidyArthI ke rUpa meM usane bauddha vidyApITha meM praveza prApta kara bauddha darzana kA adhyayana prArambha kiyaa| jina jaTila nyAya-granthoM, tarkazAstroM ke gutthiyoM se bhare nigUr3hatama marma ko uccakoTi ke udbhaTa vidvAn bhI samajhane samajhAne meM bar3I kaThinAI kA anubhava karate the, una gUr3ha viSayoM-rahasyoM ko anAyAsa hI hRdayaMgama kara vizad vyAkhyA sahita samajhane- samajhAne kI usa navAgantuka vidyArthI siddhaSi kI pUrva pradbhut kSamatA evaM kuzAgra buddhi ko dekha kara anukramaza: Page #785 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra sambat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 727 adhyApaka, prAcArya aura usa vidyApITha ke sabhI vidvAn prAcArya evaM adhiSThAtA taka bar3e camatkRta hue| svalpakAla meM hI siddharSi ne samasta bauddha vAMgmaya kA talasparzI adhyayana sampanna kara usameM niSNAtatA prApta kara lii| siddharSi kI garaganA bauddha darzana ke marddhanya vidvAnoM meM kI jAne lgii| siddharSi kI sUcyagra meghAzakti kI mahimA vibhinna bauddha vidyApIThoM meM phailate-phailate sampUrNa bauddha saMgha meM prasRta ho gii| vidyApITha ke adhiSThAtA bauddhadarzana ke labdhapratiSTha-pAragAmI vidvAna, bauddha bhikSa athavA mahAvAdI bauddhAcAryoM meM se jisa kisI ne bhI siSi ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra kiyA, usase kisI bhI viSaya para carcA kI, ve sabhI siddha ke mukha se jaTila se jaTilatama gUr3ha tatvoM para vizad vivecana evaM sugama vyAkhyA sunakara AzcaryAbhibhUta ho avAka raha gaye / bauddha saMgha ke mUrdhanya vidvAnoM, saMcAlakoM evaM prAcAryoM ne milakara ekAnta meM gUDha mantraNA kI :-"yaha siddha vastutaH cintAmaNi tulya adbhuta pratibhAzAlI nararatna hai / vartamAna meM to dUra-dUra taka isake samAna aisA adbhuta pratibhA kA dhanI koI vyakti kahIM dekhane sunane meM nahIM aayaa| yadi yaha vidvAna kisI bhI upAya se bauddha-saMgha meM dIkSita ho jAya to bauddha saMgha kI sarvatomukhI unnati ho sakatI hai / ataH yena-kena prakAreNa satkAra-sammAna, protsAhana, madu-maMjula saMbhASaNa, vAgjAla, abhivarddhana Adi sabhI bhAMti ke upAyoM se bauddha saMgha meM dIkSita hone ke liye ise AkarSita kiyA jaay|" isa prakAra gupta mantraNA kara bauddhAcAryoM, bhikSutroM evaM vidvAnoM mAdi ne siddharSi ko apane jAla meM phaMsAne kA isa cAturI se prayAsa prArambha kiyA ki anta meM siddha ke mastiSka meM mativibhrama utpanna ho gayA aura usane bauddha dharma kI dIkSA svIkAra kara lii| siddha ne usa vidyApITha kA vaha sarvazreSTha sammAna prApta kiyA, jise siddha se pUrva koI vidvAn prApta nahIM kara sakA thaa| aba to bauddha saMgha ne sarvasammati se siddha ke samakSa prastAva rakhA ki saMgha use prAcArya pada para adhiSThita karane ke liye prati dhyagra hai prataH vaha prAcArya pada pradAna-mahotsava ke lie apanI svIkRti pradAna kre| usI samaya siddha ko apane guru ke samakSa kI gaI apanI pratijJA kA smaraNa ho paayaa| usane bauddha saMgha se nivedana kiyA- "yahAM adhyayanArtha pAte samaya maiMne apane jaina guru ke samakSa pratijJA kI thI ki adhyayana pUrNa hote hI meM eka bAra prApakI sevA meM avazyameva upasthita houuNgaa| sabhI darzanoM meM pratijJAbhaMga mahApApa mAnA gayA hai ataH eka bAra mujhe apane guru ke pAsa jAne kI anumati pradAna kI jAya, yahI merI mahAsaMgha se prArthanA hai|" Page #786 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 "satyasandhatA" ko bhagavAn buddha ne pratIva zreSTha batAyA hai - yaha kahate hue saMghAriyoM ne siddha ko apane guru ke pAsa jAne aura unase milakara Ane kI anujJA de dI / 728] apane guru ke pAsa pahuMcakara siddha ne unheM na unakA caraNa-sparza hI kiyA / guru ke samakSa sthAraNu ke ne ISat smita kI mudrA meM prazna kiyA- "Urdhva sthAna haiM na ? vandana - namana kiyA aura na samAna sIdhe khar3e rahakara siddha para baiThe hue Apa acche to apane ziSya siddha ke isa prakAra ke raMga-DhaMga dekhakara gargarSi socane lage"isa parama vinIta evaM mahA vidvAn suziSya kI mati ko saugatazAstroM ke kutaka tathA vitaNDAvAda ne bhrAnta kara diyA hai| jaina nimitta jJAna vastutaH kitanA dhruva, aTala aura tathya se zrota-prota hai / isa jJAna ke mAdhyama se usa samaya mujhe jo kucha jJAta huA thA, vaha zata-pratizata satya siddha ho rahA hai| aba to kisI pramogha upAya se ise punaH satpatha para lAyA jAya, isI meM saMgha kA hita hai / anyathA isa vidvAn ke bauddha saMgha meM cale jAne se jinazAsana kI eka prapUraNIya kSati hogI / " I isa prakAra vicAra karate hue gargaSi apane zrAsana se uThakara apane ziSya siddhaSi ke sammukha gaye / use bar3e sneha ke sAtha hAtha pakar3akara prAsana para biThAyA / tadanantara haribhadrasUri dvArA racita lalitavistarA vRtti siddha ke hAtha para rakhate hue garu ne siddha se kahA - "saumya ! maiM cetyavandana kara abhI thor3I hI dera meM zrA rahA hUM / taba taka tuma isa grantha ko par3ho / " siddharSi ne lalitavistarA ko prArambha se par3hanA prArambha kiyA / siddharSi jyoM jyoM lalitavistarA ke pRSTha para pRSTha par3hate gaye tyoM-tyoM unake mana evaM mastiSka para chAyA huA bauddha zAstroM ke kutarkoM kA koharA khulI havA meM rakhe gaye kapUra ke samAna ur3atA gayA / siddharSi lalitavistarA kA caturthAMza bhI nahIM par3ha pAye the ki unake mastiSka meM bauddha saMgha ke mAdhyama se utpanna kI gaI sabhI prakAra kI bhrAntiyAM naSTa ho giiN| guru ke prati kiye gaye kuziSya yogya apane vyavahAra ke lie usake mana meM svayaM apane prApake prati ghRNA ho gaI / siddharSi mana hI mana svayaM ko dhikkArate hue vicArane lage - ' ahA ! maiM binA soce-vicAre kaisA anartha karane jA rahA thA / isase bar3hakara aura kyA mUrkhatA ho sakatI hai ki amRta bhare svarNapAtra ko ThukarAkara maiM halAhala viSa bhare prayasa pAtra ko agharoM se lagA cukA thA / hAya ! maiM kitanA puSyahIna hUM, jo svargApavarga meM pahuMcAne vAlI divya nirzanI tulya jinadharma kA parityAga kara rasAtala meM pahuMcAne vAle vipatha para prArUr3ha ho nibihAndhakArapUrNa pAtAla kI prora jA rahA thaa| maiM vastutaH cintAmaNi ratna ke badale meM kAMca kA Tukar3A lene jaisI hI bhayaMkara mUrkhatA kara rahA thA / maiM apane isa bhayaMkara aparAdha kA gurudeva se Page #787 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 726 prAyazcita grahaNa karUMgA aura jIvana bhara garudeva ke caraNoM kI zaraNa meM hI rhNgaa| isa lalitavistarA grantha ne mere mativibhrama ko, kutarkajanya vyAmoha ko evaM mare citta kI bhrAnti ko nirmUla kara diyA hai|" sahasA siddharSi ke antastala se haribhadrasUri ke prati kRtajJatA bhare udgAra vAyumaNDala meM guMjarita ho uThe--"haribhadrasUri hamAre mahAn upakArI haiM, ve hI mujhe dharma kA bodha karAne vAle mere dharmagara haiN| unhoMne avazyaMbhAvI isa anAgata ko pahale se hI jAnakara mujha jaise pathabhraSTa ko punaH dharmapatha para ArUr3ha karane ke liye hI lalitavistarA nAmaka isa vRttigrantha kI racanA kI thii| jinhoMne mere mAnasa meM bhare mithvAtva ke halAhala viSa ko bhasmIbhUta kara mere mAnasa ko samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra rUpI ratnatrayI ke amRta se ApUrita kara diyA hai, una haribhadrasUri ko merA koTizaH namana hai|" lalitavistarA vRtti ko par3hate hae siddharSi jaba isa prakAra vicAra kara rahe the, usI samaya gargaSi upAzraya meM lauTe aura siddharSi ko ninimeSa dRSTi se lalitavistarAvRtti ko par3hane meM nimagna dekhakara unheM antarmana meM asIma Ananda kI anubhUti huii| ___guru ke mukha se naiSedhikI zabda ko sunate hI sirSi sahasA uThe aura gurucaraNoM para apanA mastaka rakha punaH-punaH unase apane aparAdha kI kSamA mAMgane lge| garSi ne pazcAttApa kI jvAlA meM jalate hue apane ziSya siddharSi ko protsAhanapUrNa madhura vacanoM se Azvasta kiyaa| siddharSi ke AgrahapUrNa anurodha para gargarSi ne unheM samucita prAyazcita pradAna kiyaa| prAyazcita se Atmazuddhi kara lene ke pazcAta siddharSi ne sadA gurucaraNoM ke sAnnidhya meM rahate hue vizuddha-niraticAra saMyama kI pAlanA ke sAtha-sAtha gurumukha se AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyaa| siddharSi meM jina-zAsana-kSitija ke udIyamAna divya nakSatra ke darzana karate hue caturvidha saMgha ne unake prati adhikAdhika pragAr3ha prIti zraddhA evaM bhakti pradarzita karanA prArambha kiyaa| unake prati guru ke vAtsalya bhAva aura caturvidha saMgha kI zraddhA-bhakti evaM prIti meM uttarottara abhivRddhi hotI gii| siddharSi svalpa kAla meM hI jana-jana ke prItipAtra bana gye| AcArya gargarSi ne sirSi ke lokottara guNoM se asIma Ananda kA anubhava karate hue kAlAntara meM unheM apane uttarAdhikArI paTTadhara ke rUpa meM svayaM apane karakamaloM se caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa prAcArya pada pradAna kara-gaccha ke saMcAlana kA kArya-bhAra unake sabala skandhoM para rakha diyaa| apane ziSya ziromaNi siddharSi ko AcArya pada para AsIna kara gargarSi vana meM jA vahAM mAsopavAsAdi ghora Page #788 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 730 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 tapazcaraNa karane lage / nirantara kaThora tapazcaraNa evaM prAtma-sAdhanA meM nirata rahaterahate gargaSi ne anta meM AlocanApUrvaka pAdapopagamana saMthArA kiyA aura samAdhipUrvaka Ayu pUrNa kara ve svargastha hue| ___idhara (prAcArya pada para AsIna hone ke anantara siddharSi jaina saMgha kA sarvatomukhI abhyutthAna karane meM saMlagna ho gye| sirSi kA yuga zAstrArthoM kA yuga thaa| usa yuga meM apane se bhinna darzanoM ke diggaja vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara apane darzana kA sarvopari varcasva sthApita karane kI pravRtti yatra-tatra prasRti kI parAkASThA chUne lagI thii| siddharSi ke bar3hate hue varcasva se asUyAbhibhUta hae aneka darzanoM ke vAdiyoM kI ora se Aye dina siddharSi ke pAsa zAstrArtha kI cunautiyAM Ane lagIM / siddhaSi ne isa prakAra kI cunautiyoM ko saharSa svIkAra kara bar3e bar3e vAdecchuka vidvAnoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha kiye / unhoMne sthAna-sthAna para anya darzanoM ke bar3e-bar3e diggaja vidvAn vAdiyoM, mahAvAdiyoM evaM prativAdiyoM ko zAstrArthoM meM parAjita kara Arya dharA para jinazAsana kI vijaya vaijayantI phhraaii| usa samaya ke ucca koTi ke vyAkhyAtA evaM aparAjeya vAdI ke rUpa meM unakI kIrti digdiganta meM vyApta ho gaI / unhoMne dharma prabhAvanA ke aneka kArya karavAye / unake sambandha meM cAroM ora jana-mAnasa meM yaha vizvAsa ghara kara gayA thA ki siddharSi ko vastutaH vacanasiddhi kI mahAn Rddhi prApta ho gaI hai| prAcArya haribhadra ko udyotana sUri ne apanA "siddhateNa guru" aura siddharSi ne "bodhakaro guru" likhA hai| iso bhrAntivaza prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne udyotana sUri se 128 varSa pazcAt hue siddharSi ko unakA gurubhAI mAna kara likhA hai ki kAlAntara meM siddhaSi ne sarvaprathama dharmadAsa gariNa kI tatkAlIna lokapriya prAdhyAtmika kRti 'upadezamAlA' para vRtti kI racanA kara sAhitya-sevA kA zubhArambha kiyaa| yuvA siddharSi ne kuvalayamAlAkAra apane gurubhrAtA udyotana sUri ko apanI kRti 'upadezamAlA-vRtti' dikhaayii|) 'upadezamAlAvRtti' kA avalokana karate samaya udyotana sUri ko apane laghu gurubhrAtA siddhamuni meM eka samartha mahAkavi kI apratima pratibhA ke darzana hue| udyotana sUri ne apane guru bhrAtA siddharSi ko kisI anupama AdhyAtmikakRti kI racanA ke liye preraNA dene ke abhiprAya se 'upadezamAlA vRtti' ko upekSAbhAva se dekhate hae kahA :-"siddha ! anya vidvAnoM kI kRtiyoM para racanA karane se koI vizeSa lAbha nhiiN| "samarAicca kahA" jaise kisI utkRSTa koTi ke svatantra AdhyAtmika grantha kI racanA ke sAtha-sAtha racanAkAra kA nAma bhI amara ho sakatA hai|" siddha muni ko AzA thI ki unakI usa navIna kRti kI zlAghA meM do zabda udyotana sUri ke mukha se sunane ko mileNge| isake viparIta unake mukha se isa prakAra Page #789 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 731 ke udgAra siddharSi ko upekSApUrNa pratIta hue / unake hRdaya ko udyotana sUri ke upekSApUrNa udgAra se prAghAta bhI pahu~cA / apane antarmana meM utpanna huI una saba pratikriyAoM ko apanI mukhamudrA para lezamAtra bhI prakaTa na hone dene kA prayAsa karate hae siddharSi ne kahA-"mahAmune ! 'samarAiccakahA' jaise grantharatna kI racanA karane vAle sUrya ke samAna tejasvI vidvAn pUrvarSi ke samakSa maiM to kevala eka kSudra khadyota samAna haiN| Apa jaise udAramanA manISi maharSi kA AzIrvAda hI koI phala le Aye to kaha nahIM sakatA, anyathA mujha jaisA akiMcana to hai hI kisa yogya ?" siddharSi ne apane guru bhrAtA udyotana sUri dvArA preraNA pradAna ke abhiprAya se abhivyakta kiye gaye udagAra ko vyaMga ke rUpa meM le liyA thA ataH apane antarmana meM unhoMne eka halkA sA AghAta bhI anubhava kiyaa| parantu isa ghaTanA kA pariNAma parama zreyaskara siddha huaa| svayaM siSi ke liye bhI aura samasta sAdhaka varga ke liye bhii| "samarAicca kahA" jaise kisI eka uccakoTi ke grantharatna kI racanA kI eka aisI amiTa lalaka unake antarmana meM udbhUta huI ki ve adhyAtma rasa se protaprota eka mahAn gadyAtmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA meM aharniza tallIna rahane lge| ( antatogatvA "upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA" nAmaka eka aise adhyAtma jJAna se prota prota uccakoTi ke grantharatna kI racanA meM siddharSi saphala hue, jo sAdhaka mAtra ke liye usake carama-parama lakSya kI prApti meM prazasta patha pradarzaka pradIpa ke samAna saccA sahAyaka aura anta taka sAtha nirvahana karane vAlA saccA sahRdaya sakhA hai| siddharSi ko amara AdhyAtmika kRti 'upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA' ko par3ha lene ke pazcAt sAMsArika kArya-kalApa vastutaH "savvaM vilaviyaM gIyaM, savvaM naTTa viDaMbiyaM / savve AbharaNA bhArA, savve kAmA duhAvahA / / (uttarAdhyayana sUtra a0 13) isa Agamavacana ke anusAra viSavat tyAjya pratIta hote haiM / ye saba nAcaraMga sukha suvidhA-bhoga, yaha samagra saMsAra eka ativizAla kArAgAra, jvAlamAlAoM se saMkula bhISaNa bhaTTI athavA bha~varajAloM se parivyApta ora-chora-vihIna, udvelita athAha sAgara ke samAna pratIta hotA hai| . 'upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA' nAmaka isa anupama prAdhyAtmika grantharatna kI racanA se AdhyAtmika kSitija meM siddharSi kI kIrti parAkASThA ko bhI pAra kara gii| siddharSi kA nAma AdhyAtmika jagat meM amara ho gyaa| ___ vartamAna meM prAcArya siddharSi kI nimnalikhita cAra racanAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM-- (1) upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA, . Page #790 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 732 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 (2) candra kevalI caritra, (3) upadeza mAlA vivaraNa aura (4) siddhasena nyAyAvatAra kI TIkA / siddharSi kI ina cAra racanAoM meM se 'upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA' eka aisI uccakoTi kI AdhyAtmika kRti hai, jisase siddharSi kI kIrti patAkA AdhyAtmika kSitija meM taba taka laharAtI rahegI jaba taka ki hamArI isa AryadharA para jinazAsana kA varcasva vidyamAna rhegaa| siddharSi ne upamiti bhavaprapaMca kathA nAmaka apane grantha kI prazasti meM apanI guru paramparA isa prakAra dI hai "dyotitAkhila bhAvArthaH, sadbhavyAjaprabodhakaH / sUrAcAryo'bhavadIptaH, sAkSAdiva divAkaraH / / 1 / / sa nivRttikulodbhUto, lATadezavibhUSaNaH / AcArapaMcakodya ktaH, prasiddho jagatItale / / 2 / / abhUdbhUtahito dhIrastato dellamahattara : / jyotinimittazAstrajJaH, prasiddho dezavistare / / 3 / / tato'bhUdullasatkIrtibrahmagotravibhUSaNaH / durgasvAmI mahAbhAgaH, prakhyAtaH pRthivitale / / 4 / / pravrajyA gRhNatA yena, gRhaM saddhanapUritam / hitvA saddharma mAhAtmyaM, kriyayaiva prakAzitam / / 5 / / saddIkSAdAyakaM tasya, svasya cAhaM gurUttamam / namasyAmi mahAbhAga, gargaSi munipugavam / / 7 // kliSTe'pi duHSamAkAle, yaH pUrvamunicaryayA / vijahAraiva ni:SaMgo, durgasvAmI dharAtale / / 8 / / saddezanAMzubhirloke, dyotitvA bhAskaropamaH / zrI bhinnamAle yo dhIraH, gato'staM tadvidhAnataH // 6 // tasmAdatulopazamaH, siddha (sada) SirabhUdanAvilamanaskaH / parahitaniratakamatiH, siddhAntanidhi (rati mahAbhAgaH / / 10 / / -athavAprAcArya haribhadro me, dharmabodhakaro guruH / prastAve bhAvato hanta, sa evAdye niveditaH / / 15 / / Page #791 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya 1 [ 733 vizaM vinirdhUya kuvAsanAmayaM, vyacIcaradyaH kRpayA mdaashye| acintyavIryeNa suvAsanAsudhA, namo'stu tasmai haribhadrasUraye / / 16 // anAgataM parijJAya, caityvndnsNshryaa| madarthaMva kRtA yena, vRttilalita vistarA / / 17 / / yatrAtalarathayAtrAdhikamidamiti, labdhavarajayapatAkam / nikhila surabhuvanamadhye, satataM pramadaM jinendragRham // 18 / / yatrArthasTaMkazAlAyAM, dharmaH saddevadhAmasu / kAmo lIlAvatI loke, sadAste triguNo mudA / / 16 / / tatreyaM tena kathA kavinA, niHshessunngnnaaghaare| zrI bhillamAla nagare, gaditAgrimamaNDapasthena / / 20 / / prathamAdarza likhitA, sAdhvyA shrutdevtaanukaarinnyaa| durgasvAmi gurUNAM, ziSyakayeyaM gaNAbhidhayA / / 21 / / saMvatsarazatanavake, dviSaSTisaMhite'tilaMghite cAsyA / jyeSTha sitapaMcamyAM, punarvasau gurudine samAptirabhUt // 22 / / uparyullikhita prazasti meM siddharSi ne sUrAcArya se lekara nivRttikula ke paTTadhara prAcAryoM kI eka choTI sI paTTAvalI isa prakAra dI hai :- . 1. sUrAcArya :-inakI prazaMsA meM siddharSi ne likhA hai ki sUrAcArya samasta tatvoM athavA prAgamoM ke pAragAmI vyAkhyAtA vidvAna the| ve bhavya prANiyoM ko bodhilAbha dekara unake hRdayakamala ko praphullita karane meM sAkSAt sUrya ke samAna the| ve nivRtti kula ke prAcArya lATa deza ke zRgAra ke samAna aura paMca mahAvratoM ke pAlana meM sadA sajaga samudyata rahate the| dharAtala para cAroM mora unakI prasiddhi prasRta ho gaI thii| 2. prAcArya della mahattara:-siSi ke ullekhAnusAra della mahattara jyotiSa-zAstra evaM nimitta zAstroM ke uccakoTi ke vidvAn hone ke kAraNa deza dezAntaroM meM vikhyAta the| 3. prAcArya ulla :-prAcArya della mahattara ke pazcAt unake paTTadhara zrI ulla nivRtti kula ke prAcArya hue| brAhmaNa kula vibhUSaNa prAcArya ulla kI kIrti dUra-dUra taka phaila gaI thii| 4. durgasvAmI :-prAcArya ulla ke paTTadhara prAcArya durga svAmI hue| gRhastha paryAya meM ve bar3e hI samRddhizAlI lakSmIpati the| Page #792 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 734) . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hote samaya unhoMne anna, dhana, lakSmI, dAsa, dAsI prAdi se paripUrNa susamRddha ghara ko tRNavat tyAgakara apanI utkaTa vizuddha kriyA ke dvArA hI dharma ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa kiyaa| una durgasvAmI ko tathA mujhe (siddharSi ko) niraticAra vizuddha zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA dene vAle unake aura mere guruvara zramaNazreSTha prAtaH smaraNIya gargarSi ko sAdara praNAma karatA huuN| prabhAva abhiyoga prAdi aneka prakAra ke klezoM se motaprota isa duSSamAkAla meM bhI jo pUrvAcAryoM kI bhAMti nissaMga-nirlipta bhAva se hI vicaraNa karate rahe, una durgasvAmI ko maiM namaskAra karatA huuN| sUrya ke samAna jo apane sadupadezoM kI kiraNoM se jIvanabhara loka meM samyagjJAna kA prakAza phailAte rahe, ve (durgasvAmI) bhillamAla nagara meM samAdhi saMlekhanApUrvaka svargastha hue| 5. siddharSi:-durgarSi ke pazcAt upazama bhAva ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, sthiramanA, parakalyANa meM nirata aura pAgamoM meM abhiruci rakhane vAlA siddharSa humaa| baudoM ke tarkajAla rUpI durbhadya pAza se sadA sarvadA ke liye vimukta karane vAle prAcArya haribhadra mahattarAsUnu ko apanA boSapradAyI guru mAnate hue siddharSi ne "jinhoMne mujha para kRpA kara ke mere antastala meM vyApta kuvAsanApUrNa (durgaMdhapUrNa bauddha-siddhAntoM ke) viSa ko pUrNataH vinaSTa kara, usake sthAna para apane kalpanAtIta yuktikauzala ke bala se mere antastala ko, mere roma-roma ko jaina siddhAntoM kI acintya saurabhapUrNa prakSaya sudhA se protaprota evaM siMcita kara diyA, una haribhadrasari ko maiM namaskAra karatA huuN| lagabhaga Der3ha zatAbdI pUrva hI, mere sAtha ghaTita hone vAlI bhAvI ghaTanA ko jAnakara ki maiM saugata siddhAntoM ke viSa se vidagdha hone vAlA hUM, jinhoMne mere liye hI "lalitavistarA-vRtti" kI racanA kI, (una haribhadra ko maiM namaskAra karatA huuN|)" siddhapi ne apane isa grantha kI prazasti ke zeSa 5 zlokoM meM jo kahA hai, usakA sArAMza yaha hai ki bhillamAla nagara ke devabhavanoM se bhI pratIva sundara, agaNita rathayAtrAmoM, anekAneka tIrthayAtrAmoM meM saba mandiroM se mAge hone ke kAraNa vijaya kI patAkA kA mAno vara prApta kiye hue, ratnatrayI paura dharma ke kendra jinamandira ke prAmaNDapa meM rahate hue siddharSi ne isa "upamiti bhavaprapaMca kathA"-nAma ke Page #793 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bora samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 735 grantha kI racanA kii| isa grantha kI prathama prAdarza prati kA lekhana zra tadevI svarUpA gaNA nAma kI sAdhvI ne kiyA jo gurudeva durgasvAmI kI ziSyA haiN| saMvat 662 kI jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI, guruvAra ke dina candra kA punarvasu nakSatra ke sAtha yoga hone para isa grantha kI racanA antima rUpa se sampanna huii| "bhinnamAlastha jina mandira ke agrima maNDapa meM rahate hue yaha kathA kahI"yaha vAkya zodhArthiyoM ke liye vicAraNIya hai| upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA kI mukta-kaNTha se prazaMsA karate hue vizvavikhyAta vidvAna DA. harmana jekobI ne likhA hai : I did find something, still more important, the great literary value of the 'Upamiti Bhava Prapancha Katha' and the fact that it is the first alegorical work in Indian literature. (upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA kI aMgrejI prastAvanA) prAcArya varddhamAna sUri ne apanI upadeza mAlA-vRtti ke anta meM likhA hai : kRtiriyaM jina-jaiminI-kaNabhuk saugatAdi darzana-vedinaH / sakala-granthArtha-nipuNasya zrI siddharmahAcAryasyeti / / isase siddharSi kI sabhI dharmoM ke siddhAntoM meM pAraMgatatA kA pramANa milatA hai / ve na kevala jaina siddhAntoM ke hI apitu mImAMsaka, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, bora mAMdi. sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ke pArasajyA vidvAna the| Page #794 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAcArya guNa bhadra bhaTTAraka paramparA ke paMcastUpAnvayI senagaNa ke AcArya guNabhadra kI bhI apane samaya ke agragaNya granthakAroM meM gaNanA kI jAtI hai| apane praguru bhaTTAraka vIrasena evaM guru jinasena ke caraNacihnoM kA jIvanabhara anusaraNa karate rahakara. prAcArya guNabhadra ne bhI jaina vAMgmaya kI sevA ke mAdhyama se jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya sevA kii| apane zikSA guru jinasenAcArya ke svargagamana para unake dvArA prArambha kiye gaye 'mahApurANa' lekhana ke apUrNa rahe hue zeSa lekhana ko guNabhadra ne pUrNa kiyaa| guNabhadra vIrasena ke praziSya aura dazarathasena ke ziSya the| dazarathasena prAcArya jinasena (jayaSavalAkAra) ke guru bhrAtA the| uttara purANa prazasti ke zloka saM0 14 meM "ziSya zrI guNabhadra sUriranayorAsIjjagadvizrutaH" isa pada se lokasena ne apane guru guNabhadra ko jinasena aura dazarathasena, ina donoM vidvAnoM kA ziSya batAyA hai / isase yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki prAcArya guNabhadra muni dazaratha guru ke hasta dIkSita ziSya ye bhora unhoMne zAstroM aura vidyAoM kA jJAna apane dIkSA guru ke gurubhrAtAprAcArya jinasena se prApta kiyA thaa| jinasena ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt prAcArya guraNabhadra ne saba milAkara 1620 zlokoM meM prAdi purANa ke 43 se antima 47veM parva taka-ina pAMca parvo kI racanA kara 'mahApurANa' ke pUrvArda 'pAdipurANa' ko pUrNa kiyaa| tadanantara guNabhadra ne 'uttarapurANa' kI racanA prArambha kii| 8 (pATha) hajAra zloka pramANa uttara purANa ko racanA guraNabhadra ne pUrNa kara dI, parantu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isakI prazasti ke 27 zloka hI ve likha pAye the ki prazasti pUrNa karane se pahale hI ve svargavAsI ho gaye, isIlie 'uttara purANa' kI prazasti ke 28 veM zloka se aMtima 37 veM zloka taka kI racanA unake ziSya lokasena ne karake isa prazasti ko pUrNa kiyaa| lokasena ne prazasti zloka saMkhyA 31 se 37 meM likhA hai : jisa samaya kAlavarSa nAmaka rASTrakUTa vaMzIya nareza apane sabhI pramukha zatrunoM ko parAsta karane ke pazcAt pRthvI (ke vizAla bhAga) para niSkaNTaka rAjya kara rahe the| (unake sAmanta) apane prapitAmaha mukula ke Page #795 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 737 kula rUpI kamala ko vikasita karane vAle sUrya ke pratApa ke samAna jinakA pratApa zatruoM ko naSTa kara dene ke kAraNa cAroM ora prasata ho rahA thA, jo cella ketana mahAsAmanta baMkeya kA putra, cella dhvaja kA laghubhrAtA aura svayaM mayUra cihnAMkita patAkA vAlA thA, jo pracAra-prasAra-prabhAvanA Adi ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma kI abhivRddhi karane vAlA thA-aisA yazasvI lokAditya jisa samaya baMkApura meM vanavAsI deza kA zAsana kara rahA thaa| usa samaya lokAditya ke pitA baMkeya ke nAma para basAye gaye baMkApura nAmaka sundara nagara meM zaka saM0 820 kI prAzvina zuklA paMcamI ke dina bhavya janoM dvArA pUjita yaha uttara purANa vizva meM jayavanta rahe / isa prazasti se yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki bhaTTArakAcArya guNabhadra ne baMkApura meM zaka saM0 120 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 655 meM uttara purANa kI racanA pUrNa kii| prAcArya jinasena mahApurANa ko mahAbhArata ke samakakSa eka aise purANa kA svarUpa denA cAhate the, jisameM caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ke kAla kA pramukha purAtana itihAsa vistAra pUrvaka samAviSTa ho jaay| mahApurANa kA pUrvArddha prAdi purANa to paryApta aMzoM meM jinasena kI abhilASA ke anurUpa hI bana gayA kintu mahApurANa kA uttarArddha unakI icchA ke anurUpa nahIM bana skaa| isa bAta ko svayaM guNabhadra ne nimnalikhita rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai : ikSorivAsya pUrvArddhamevAbhAvirasAvaham / yathAtathAstu niSpattiriti prArabhyate mayA / / (14) / / prarthAt :- ikSudaNDa ke pUrvArddha khaNDa kI hI bhAMti isa mahApurANa kA pUrvArddha (prAdi purANa) bar3A sarasa bana par3A hai, uttarArddha meM to ikSudaNDa ke upari tana bhAga kI bhAMti yena kena prakAreNa svalpatara (virasa) rasa kI prApti ho skegii| yahI samajha kara meM isakI racanA prArambha kara rahA huuN| prazasti meM guNabhadra ne uttara purANa ke jinasena ke prAdi purANa ke anurUpa hI vizada vizAla svarUpa na de pAne ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai : ativistara bhIrutvAdavaziSTa sNgRhiitmmldhiyaa| guNabhadra sUriNedaM, prahINa kAlAnurodhena / / (20) / ' arthAt :- nirantara tvarita gati se hInatA athavA hrAsa kI prora unmukha evaM pravRtta ho rahe kAla ke kuprabhAva ke pariNAma svarUpa aura mahat ' uttarapurANa prazasti / Page #796 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 738 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3 vistAra ke bhaya se apane prAyu, zarIra bala, buddhibala Adi ko dRSTigata rakhate hue guNabhadrasUri ne kucha tvarA (jaldI) meM saMkSepataHhI isa uttara purANa ko nibaddha kiyA hai| vastutaH yaha eka bar3I bhArI kamI raha gayI hai, anyathA prAdi purANa kI bhAMti uttara purANa bhI hotA to sampUrNa purAtana jaina itihAsa para apUrva prakAza DAlane vAlA anya ratna vRhadAkAra purANa ke rUpa meM upalabdha hotA / yadyapi jinasenAcArya kA mahApurANa kI racanA karane kA svapna unake divaMgata ho jAne ke kAraNa unakI icchA ke anurUpa to sAkAra nahIM ho sakA tathApi bhaTTAraka guNabhadra kA prayAsa stutya hI rahA ki unhoMne apane guru ke adhUre rahe hue kArya ko uttara purANa kI racanA kara pUrA kara diyaa| uttara purANa prazasti meM prAcArya guNabhadra ne "kavi paramezvaranigadita gadya kathA mAtRkaM purozcaritam" isa pada se svIkAra kiyA hai ki uttara purANa kI racanA karate samaya unhoMne kavi parameSThI dvArA racita 'vAgartha saMgraha purANa' se bar3I sahAyatA lii| guraNabhadra ke samaya taka "vAgartha saMgraha purANa" upalabdha thA, yaha bhI isa ullekha se siddha hotA hai| prAcArya guNabhadra kI-"prAtmAnuzAsana" aura "jinadatta caritra"--ye do kRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| 266 zlokAtmaka AtmAnuzAsana mumukSuSoM ke lie bar3A upayogI hai| 'jinadatta caritra' saMskRta bhASA kA caritrAtmaka kAvya hai| Page #797 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ bar3a gaccha bar3a gaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra bha0 mahAvIra ke 35veM paTTadhara prA0 sarvadeva sUri ke guru udyotana sUri se bar3a gaccha kI utpatti huii| aMcala gaccha paTTAvalI meM bhI inheM bha0 kA 35vAM paTTadhara kahA hai| ukta paTTAvalI meM isa prakAra kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai ki isa paramparA meM sarvadeva sUri ke pazcAt hue pAThaveM prAcArya tathA isa paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 44veM paTTadhara jagaccandra sUri ke samaya taka yaha gaccha bar3a gaccha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA rhaa| bhagavAna ke 44 veM paTTadhara jagaccandra sUri ne jIvana paryanta AcAmla vrata karate rahane kI pratijJA kii| ghRta, dUdha, dahI, tela, namaka, mircI, masAle Adi saba cIjoM kA prAjIvana tyAga kara binA namaka kI pUrNataH zuSka rukSa roTI tathA ubalA huA athavA bhunA.humA anna hI grahaNa karane kA pratyAkhyAna (pratijJA) athavA abhigraha aMgIkAra kiyaa| AjIvana prAcAmla vrata ke atirikta ve upavAsa, belA, telA Adi ghora tapazcaraNa bhI karate rahate the| bAraha varSa paryanta isa prakAra ke ghora tapazcaraNa ke sAtha apratihata vihAra ke mAdhyama se vibhinna kSetroM ke logoM ko dharma mArga para sthira karate hue ve jagaccandra sUri AghAr3a (prAhar3a athavA AghATaka) nagara meM pAye / AdhAr3a una dinoM (vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI meM) mevAr3a rAjya kA paTTa nagara-rAjadhAnI thaa| mevAr3a ke mahArANA ne unake ghora tapazcaraNa kI yazogAthAeM sunakara unake tapa evaM tyAga kI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA karate hue unheM tapA ke viruda se vibhUSita kiyaa| isa viruda se pahale isa gaccha ke sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga bar3a gacchIyA nAma se abhihita kiye jAte the kintu isa tapA viruda se vibhUSita kiye jAne para inakI tapA ke nAma se loka meM khyAti huI aura bar3a gaccha vi0 saM0 1285 meM tapA gaccha ke nAma se loka meM vikhyAta huA / tapA gaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra jagaccandra sUri ne sAdhuoM meM vyApta zithilAcAra dekha kriyoddhAra kiyA ?' isa sambandha meM nAkoDAjI se upalabdha hastalikhita paTTAvalI ke zabda isa prakAra haiM : ___tatpa zrI jagaccandra sUri (44 veM paTTadhara) jiNe mahApuruSa jAvajIva prAMbila no paccakhAraNa kIgho, tyArai AghAr3a nagara padhArayA, tyAre ' yaH kriyAzithilamunisamudAyaM jJAtvA gurvAjJayA vairAgyarasaika samudra caitragacchIya zrI devabhadropAdhyAyaM sahAyamAdAya kriyAyAmogyAt hIralA jagaccandra sUririti khyAtibhAk babhUva / -paTTAvalI samuccaya (tapAgaccha paTTAvalI) pRSTha 57 Page #798 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 740 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 rANajI tapiyA dekhI ne 'tapA' viruda dIgho / saMvat 1245 tapA viruda huuN| pehalA bar3agacchA hutA, parcha tapA viruda hUMyau, teha thI tapA kaihavAraNA / tatpaTTe, zrI devacandrasUri (45) bar3agaccha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM jaina vAMgmaya meM jo ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai ki eka samaya arbudAcala kI tIrthayAtrA ke pazcAt udyotana sUri AbU pahAr3a se nIce utara kara TelI nAmaka grAma ke pAsa eka vizAla vaTa vRkSa kI chAyA meM vizrAma karane ke liye baiThe / usa samaya cintana karate-karate unake dhyAna meM yaha bAta AI ki yadi ve apane kisI ziSya ko usa samaya AcArya pada pradAna kara deM to usake paTTa kI vaMza paramparA kI sudIrghakAla taka sthAyI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha jina zAsana kI prabhAvanA meM bhI adbhuta abhivRddhi ho sakatI hai / usa samaya cala rahA muhUrta unheM pratIva zreSTha pratIta huA aura unhoMne tatkAla usa suvizAla vaTa vRkSa kI chAyA meM hI sarvadeva sUri Adi apane ATha pramukha evaM vidvAn ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada pradAna kara diye / katipaya vidvAnoM kA prabhimata hai ki udyotana sUri ne usa samaya apane eka hI ziSya zrI sarvadeva sUri ko prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA, zeSa sAta ziSyoM ko nhiiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sarvadeva sUri ke praziSya sarvadeva sUri dvitIya ne apane ATha ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA thA, jinameM se eka dhanezvara sUri the, iso nAma sAmya ke kAraNa sambhavata: udyotana sUri dvArA sarvadeva sUri ke sAtha 7 ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada diye jAne kI bAta kahI jAtI ho / vRhad gaccha gurvAvalI ( bar3agaccha gu0 ) ke ullekhAnusAra udyotana sUri ne vi0 saM0 e64 meM sarvadeva sUri Adi ko TelI grAma ke pAsa ke lokar3iyA nAmaka vaTa vRkSa ke nIce prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA / usa samaya unhoMne apane bahuta se ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada pradAna karate samaya pratyeka prAcArya ko 300-300 sAdhunoM kA samUha pradAna kiyA / " prArambha meM loga isa gaccha ko vaTa gaccha ke nAma se pukArate the kintu jaba bar3agaccha zAkhA prazAkhAnoM meM phaile hue vizAla vaTa vRkSa ke samAna eka zaktizAlI aura vizAla gaccha kA rUpa dhAraNa karane lagA tathA isameM guNI sAdhutroM kI uttarottara abhivRddhi hone lagI to sabhI gaccha isase prabhAvita ho ise vRhad gaccha ke sammAnAspada nAma se sambodhita karane lage / vRhada gaccha ke uttarottara bar3hate rahane kA pariNAma yaha huA ki candra kula apane sahajanmA 'nAgila', 'nivRtti' aura 'vidyAghara' ina tInoM kuloM para chA gayA aura ve tInoM hI kula isake vistAra ke nIce eka prakAra se Dha~ka se gaye / 1 ( ka ) ujjoyaNo ya sUri, bar3agaccho savva deva sUri pahUM / sirideva sUri tatto, puraNovi siri savvadeva muragI (10) (kha) paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pR0 232 - vRhat pauSadhazAlika - paTTAvalI Page #799 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 741 ___ kahIM bar3agaccha kI utpatti udyotana sUri se batAI gaI hai to kahIM sarvadeva sUri se / isase koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| vastutaH udyotana sUri bar3agaccha ke saMsthApaka haiM aura unake ziSya sarvadeva sUri usake prathama prAcArya / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki udyotana sUri ne bar3agaccha kI saMsthApanA kI aura sarvadeva sUri se bar3agaccha kI paramparA pracalita huii| .. inake (sarvadeva sUri ke) pazcAt 37veM paTTadhara deva sUri hue| devasUri ke pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 38veM paTTaghara zrI sarvadeva sUri (dvitIya) hue| una 38veM paTTadhara dvitIya sarvadeva sUri ne apane prAcArya kAla meM pATha suyogya ziSyoM ko pRthaka sAdhu samUha dekara prAcArya pada pradAna kiye| isa prakAra 38veM paTTadhara ke prAcArya kAla meM bar3agaccha ke pATha prAcArya ho gaye aura yaha eka bahuta bar3A gaccha bana gyaa| bar3agaccha vastutaH vaTavRkSa kI bhAMti cAroM bhora prasata ho gayA aura isa sarvatomukhI abhivRddhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa yaha bar3agaccha prapane utkarSa kAla se hI vRhad gaccha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha hugraa| zrI sarvadeva sUri-dvitIya-(38ve paTTadhara) ne apane jina 8 pramukha ziSyoM ko prAcArya padoM para adhiSThita kiyA thA, unameM unake eka ziSya kA nAma dhanezvara thaa| ye ghanezvara sUri mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya hue| unhoMne vahad pauSadhazAlika paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra 701 digambara sAdhuoM ko apanI paramparA meM dIkSita kara apane ziSya bnaaye| caitrapura nagara meM una dhanezvara sUri ne vIra jina kI pratiSThA kii| isa kAraNa dhanezvara sUri kA vizAla ziSya samUha aura unake upAsakoM kA varga "caitra gaccha" ke nAma se vikhyAta humA / ' yaha caitra gaccha 'bar3a gaccha athavA 'vRhad pauSadha zAlika gaccha' kI hI zAkhA thaa| caitra gaccha kA apara nAma citravAla gaccha bhI prasiddha hai| citravAla gaccha ke prAcArya devabhadragaNI kI sahAyatA se bar3a gaccha ke 42veM prAcArya (tapAvirudadhara) jagaccandra sUri ne usa samaya ke sAdhunoM meM vyApta zithilAcAra ko, kaThora niyamoM kA pAlana evaM kriyodvAra kara, dUra kiyaa| jagaccandra sUri ne devamadra gariNa ke pAsa upasampadA grahaNa kI isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| - 'jeNa ya aTThAyariyA, samayaM sutatyaMdAyagA tthviyaa| tatya dharaNesara sUri, pabhAvago vIra tityamsa / / (11) khavaNANaM sattasayA-eguci pradiksimA sahatyeNa / cittapuri jiNa vIro paiTimo cittagaccho ya (12) -vRhatpauSaSa zAlika-paTTAvalI 2 paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1, pRSTha 27 pora 57 3 paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, paM0 kalyANa vijayajI, pRSTha 174 / Page #800 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 742 ] [maina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 gaSi vikrama kI 10 vIM zatAbdI meM garSi nAmaka eka vidvAn prAcArya hue haiN| unhoMne pAsaka kevalI aura karma vipAka nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kii| ye vikrama kI 10 vIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka ke vidvAna the| Apa nivRtti kula ke prAcArya the|' "pajjIvAlIya gaccha paTTAvalI" ke ullekhAnusAra gargarSi-gargAcArya vi0 saM0 912 meM svargastha hue| inake guru bhrAtA durga svAmI kA vi0 saM0602 meM svargavAsa humA / kavi caturmukha vikrama kI pAThavIM zatAbdI meM caturmukha nAma ke eka samartha kavi hue haiN| unhoMne apabhraMza bhASA meM 'riTTha nemi cariu' (harivaMza purANa), 'pauma cariu' (padma purANa) aura 'paMcamI cariu' kI racanAeM kii| kintu apabhraMza bhASA ke caturmukha dvArA racita ina tInoM mahatvapUrNa granthoM meM se Aja eka bhI grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| vidvAnoM kA aisA anumAna hai ki mahAkavi svayambhU inhIM ke putra bhora mahAkavi tribhuvana svayambhU inake pautra the| vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI abhimata hai ki kavi caturmukha kI inake putra svayambhU ne ina tInoM granthoM kI racanA meM sahAyatA kI thii| kavi svayambhU aura tribhuvana svayambhU navamIM zatAbdI ke ina donoM kaviyoM ne jo ki pitA putra the pauma cariu, riTTanemi cariu mora svayambhU chanda ina tIna granthoM kI racanA kii| pauma cariu mahAkavi vimala sUri ke pauma cariu ke mAdhAra para banAyA gayA ho aisA pratIta hotA hai / kyoMki svayambhU ne apane isa grantha meM rAmakathA ko vahI rUpa diyA hai jo ki vimala sUri ne apane pauma cariu meM diyA hai / mahAkavi vimalasUri ne apane anya pauma cariu kI racanA isakI prazasti ke anusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 530 meM kii| vimala sUri kA pauma cariu vastutaHjaina sAhitya kI rAma kathAmoM kA prArambha se pramukha srota rahA hai| kavi svayambha aura tribhuvana svayambhU kI tInoM hI racanAeM vastutaH ucca koTi kI racanAeM hone ke kAraNa jaina sAhitya ke pramola grantharala samajhe jAte haiN| kavi svayambhU kA svayambhU chanda nAmaka utkRSTa koTi kA chandograntha hai| 'svayambhU chaMda' ke aneka chandoM ke lakSaNa aura udAharaNa zrI hemacandrAcArya ke chandAnuzAsana meM pAye jAte haiN| 'paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, paM. kalyANa vijayajI mahArAja, pRSTha 250 2 vahI-pRSTha 246 Page #801 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [743 vijayasiMha sUri ___ nAgendra gaccha ke prAcArya samudra sUri ke ziSya vijayasiMha sUri ne vIra ni0 kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI (vikrama saM0 675) meM 8911 gAthAnoM ke prAkRta bhASA ke 'bhUvana sundarI' nAmaka eka kathAgrantha kI racanA kii| kathA sAhitya meM yaha grantha bar3A hI zikSAprada aura rocaka hai / yaha grantha Aja upalabdha hai / isase adhika inakA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| prAcArya hariSeNa vIra nirvANa kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM prAcArya hariSeNa nAmaka digambara paramparA ke eka vidvAn granthakAra hue haiN| inhoMne varddhamAnapura meM vikrama samvat 988 tadanusAra zaka samvat 853 meM pArAdhanA kathA koSa nAmaka 12500 zloka pramANa eka kathAgrantha kI racanA kii| jaina kathA sAhitya kA yaha eka bar3A mahatvapUrNa grantha hai / isameM kula milAkara 157 kathAeM saMskRta padyoM meM lipibaddha kI gaI haiM / ye hariSeNa punnATa saMgha ke prAcArya mauni bhaTTAraka ke prapraziSya the| inake guru kA nAma bharatasena thaa| inhoMne apane guru bharatasena ke liye isa granya kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki ve chanda zAstrajJa, kavi, vaiyAkaraNa, aneka zAstroM meM niSNAta aura eka viziSTa tatvavettA the| kathA koSa kI kathAmoM ko par3hane aura una para vicAra karane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina para aura inakI isa kRti para yApanIya prAcArya zivArya kI 'pArAdhanA' kA pUrNa prabhAva rahA hai| apane anya kI prazasti ke pAThaveM zloka meM 'pArAdhanAddha ta' vAkya se hariSeNa ne svayaM ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki isa grantha kI racanA karate samaya zivArya kI 'pArAdhanA' unake samakSa prAdarza ke rUpa meM rahI hai| kathAkoSa kI prazasti meM eka aitihAsika mahatva kA zloka diyA humA hai jo usa samaya ke pratihAra rAjAmoM ke rAjya vistAra para prakAza DAlatA hai| vaha zloka isa prakAra hai samvatsare caturvize vartamAne kharAbhiSe, vinayAdika pAlasya rAjye zakropamAnake / / 13 / / isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki usa samaya (vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke mantima caraNa meM) pratihAroM kA rAjya kevala rAjapUtAne ke adhikAMza bhAgoM meM nahIM, balki gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, madhya bhArata aura uttara meM satalaja se lekara vihAra taka phailA humA thaa| yaha vinAyakapAla mahArAjAdhirAja mahendrapAla kA putra aura mahIpAla tathA Page #802 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 74 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 1 bhoja (dvitIya) kA bhAI aura kramaza uttarAdhikArI thaa| vikrama samvat 655 kA eka dAnapatra bhI upalabdha hotA hai|' yaha vinAyakapAla apane sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI kannoja meM rahatA thaa| vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI meM digambara paramparA ke indranandI nAmaka eka mahAn mantravAdI prAcArya ne "jvAlAmAlinI" nAmaka eka mantrazAstra kI racanA kI / inake guru kA nAma bappanandI paura praguru kA nAma vAsava nandI thA / indranandI ne isa grantha kI racanA kA prArambha se vivaraNa prastuta karate hue upakrama ke pazcAt likhA hai ki helAcArya ne jvAlAmAlinI devI ke mAdeza se pUrva kAla meM "jvAlinImata" nAmaka granya kI racanA kii| guru paripATI se yaha 'mantrarAja guraNanandI' nAmaka muni ko prApta humaa| guraNanandI se gUDhArtha evaM rahasya sahita ina grantha kA jJAna indranandI ne prApta kiyaa| vaha grantha vastutaH bar3A kliSTa thaa| isalie indranandI ne vizva ko mAzcarya meM DAla dene vAle isa janahitakArI grantha kI navIna rUpa se subodhya zailI meM racanA prArambha kii| rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjAmoM kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa (malakher3a) ke kaTaka meM indranandI ne rASTrakUTa rAjA zrIkRSNa ke zAsanakAla meM, zaka saM0 861 meM isa jvAlAmAlinI (kalpa) nAmaka grantha kI racanA sampanna kii|' "jvAlAmAlinI" nAmaka isa anya meM kula 10 pradhikAra haiN| ina daza praSikAroM meM mantra zAstra ke sabhI pramukha aMgoM para prakAza DAlate hue indranandI ne isa mantra kI sAdhanA kI vidhi kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| madhyakAla meM yaha anya bar3A hI lokapriya rahA / rAjyAzraya prApta kara jaina dharma ke abhyutthAna ke lie aura janamata ko adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM jinazAsana kI mora mAkarSita karane ke lie isa mantrazAstra kA khUba upayoga kiyA gyaa| isa dizA meM aneka mAcAryoM ko bhAzAtIta saphalatA bhI prApta huii| ' (ka) iNDiyana eNTIkverI, jilda saMkhyA 15, pRSTha 140-141 (kha) rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa jilda 1, pRSTha 163 ' praSTezatasyakaSaSThi pramANazakavatsareSvatIteSu, zrI mAnyakheTa kaTake parvaNyakSayatRtIyAyAm / zatadalasahita catuHzataparimANamanparacanAyuktam, zrIkRSNarAja rAjye samAptametanmatraM devyAH / / -jvAlAmAlinikalpa prazasti Page #803 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ ma0 mahAvIra ke 48veM paTTadhara umaraNa RSi aura 4eveM jayaseraga ke samaya ke prabhAvaka prAcArya zrI mahendra sUri avanti pradeza kI rAjadhAnI dhArAnagarI meM jisa samaya rAjA bhoja rAjya kara rahe the usa samaya mahendrasUri nAmaka AcArya dhArAnagarI meM Aye / zradhyAtmika Ananda pradAna karane vAle upadezoM ko sunane ke lie dhArAnagarI ke sabhI vargoM ke loga umar3a pdd'e| jina-jina logoM ke mana meM jo-jo bhI zaMkAeM thIM unhoMne apanI zaMkA kA mahendrasUri se samAdhAna prApta kiyA / eka dina sarvadeva nAma kA eka brAhmaNa zrAcArya zrI mahendrasUri ke upAzraya meM zrAyA / tIna dina aura tIna rAta taka vaha usa upAzraya meM mahendrasUri ke prasana ke samakSa baiThA rhaa| cauthe dina mahendrasUri ne usa sarvadeva brAhmaraNa se pUchA :- "he dvijottama ! kyA Apako koI prazna pUchanA hai ? yadi tumhAre mana meM dharma ke viSaya meM kisI prakAra kI zaMkA ho to hamAre samakSa rakkho / " sarvadeva ne kahA :- "mahAtman ! kevala mahAtmAnoM ke darzana se hI mahAn puNya kA arjana ho jAtA hai / tathApi eka kArya ke lie maiM ApakI sevA meM upasthita huA huuN| kyoMki hama gRhastha loga to vastutaH abhyarthI haiM arthAt apane laukika zramyudaya ke icchuka haiM athavA bhautika prAkAMkSAM se lipta haiM / ataH maiM ekAnta meM hI zrApase kucha nivedana karanA cAhatA huuN|" 1 mahendrasUri usake sAtha eka mora ekAnta sthAna meM gaye / taba brAhmaraNa sarvadeva ne kahA :- " he jJAnasindho ! mere pitA kA nAma devarSi thA / ve mAlavapati ke bahumAnya vidvAn the / mAlavarAja sadA eka lAkha svarNa mudrAoM kA katipaya dinoM taka dAna karate rahe / merA vizvAsa hai ki mere pitA dvArA vaha dhana hamAre hI ghara meM kahIM gAr3A gayA thA / Apa divya dRSTi sampanna / mere ghara para calakara yadi Apa hamArA vaha chipA huA dhana batA deMge to isa brAhmaNa kA aura sAtha hI isake parivAra kA bar3e prAnanda ke sAtha dAna puNyAdi karate hue jIvana vyatIta ho jAyagA / hama saba Apake sadA-sadA kRtajJa raheMge / nimitajJa mahendra sUri ne dekhA ki usa brAhmaraNa ke mAdhyama se unheM eka mahAn prabhAvaka ziSya aura zrAvaka kA lAbha hone vAlA hai ataH unhoMne prazna kiyA :- "dvijavara ! yadi tumheM chipA huA dhana mila gayA to tuma hameM kyA doge ? " Page #804 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 746 ]. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 brAhmaNa ne kahA :--"usameM se prAdhA maiM Apako duuNgaa|" mahendra sUri ne kahA :-"nahIM, tumhAre pAsa jo kucha bhI acchA hogA usameM se AdhA maiM luugaa|" brAhmaNa sarvadeva ne sAkSIpUrvaka isa zarta ko svIkAra kara liyaa| mahendrasUri ko upAzraya se sarvadeva apane ghara le aayaa| usane apane bar3e putra dhanapAla aura choTe putra zobhana ko mahendra sUri ke sAtha huI bAta kA sArA vivaraNa sunaayaa| eka dina zubha muhUrta meM brAhmaNa mahendrasUri ko phira apane ghara le gyaa| vahAM sUri ne apane jJAnabala se dekhakara sarvadeva ko vaha sthAna batA diyA jahAM ki dhana gar3A par3A thA / brAhmaNa ne usa sthAna ko khodA to cAlIsa lAkha svarNa mudrAeM vahAM se nikliiN| zrI mahendrasUri to bilakula nispRha the| ataH usI samaya binA kucha liye vahAM se lauTa Aye / eka varSa taka sarvadeva prati dina mahendra sUri kI sevA meM upasthita hokara prAdhA dhana grahaNa karane kI unase prArthanA karatA rahA / mahendra sUri sadA ise TAlate rahe / eka dina sarvadeva ne prAcArya mahendra sUri kI sevA meM upasthita hokara nivedana kiyA:.-"maharSin ! Aja to maiM Apako ApakA deya diye binA apane ghara nahIM lauttuuNgaa|" mahendra sari ne kahA :-"dvijottama! tumheM bhalI bhAMti smaraNa hogA ki maiMne kyA kahA thA ? maiMne yahI kahA thA ki mujhe jo acchA lagegA usameM se prAdhA brAhmaNa ne uttara diyA :-"hAM, to mahArAja, vaha lIjiye na / " / mahendra sUri ne kahA :--"tumhAre ghara meM tumhAre pAsa putra yugala kI eka jor3I hai / yadi tuma apanI pratijJA ko pUrI karanA cAhate ho to apane dhanapAla aura zobhana ina do putroM meM se eka mujhe de do / anyathA Ananda se ghara jaano|" yaha sunate hI sarvadeva kiMkarttavya vimUr3ha ho gyaa| bar3e kaSTa se usake muMha se yaha vAkya nikalA :-"dUMgA mahArAja!" tadanantara cintAmagna vaha brAhmaNa apane ghara kI ora lauTa gayA aura eka kakSa meM par3I khATa para leTa gyaa| jaba usake bar3e putra dhanapAla ne prAsAda se loTakara apane pitA ko isa prakAra cintAmagna dekhA to pUchA :-"pUjyapAda ! Apake isa akiMcana putra kI vidyamAnatA meM prApako kisa bAta kA zoka hai ? maiM to ApakI pratyeka prAjJA zirodhArya karatA pAyA huuN| ataH Apa apanI cintA kA kAraNa batAiye / " Page #805 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 747 sarvadeva ne kahA :--"vatsa ! tuma suputra ho / pitA kI AjJA kA pAlana karane meM tumheM isI prakAra kRta-saMkalpa rahanA cAhiye / tuma dhyAna se suno / mahendra sUri ne hamArI isa chipI huI paitRka sampatti ko hameM batAyA hai / maiMne isa sambandha meM yaha pratijJA kI thI ki isake badale meM jo Apako acchA lagegA usakA AdhA maiM Apako duuNgaa| aba ve mere putra yugala meM se arthAt tuma donoM meM se eka ko mAMga rahe haiN| basa, isI cintA se maiM kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho rahA hUM ki kyA karUM ? he putra ! isa ghora dharma saMkaTa se tumhIM merA uddhAra kara sakate ho / merI pratijJA kI pUrti ke liye tuma unakA ziSyatva svIkAra kara lo|" yaha sunate hI vidvad ziromaNi dhanapAla bar3A kruddha huA aura kahane lagA :-"jaisA Apane kahA hai / usako koI bhI ucita nahIM kahegA / hama veda vedAntapAThI brAhmaNa saba vargoM meM uttama varNa vAle haiN| mujarAja mujhe sadA apanA putra hI samajhate the| maiM rAjA bhoja kA bAla sakhA huuN| ina zUdroM kI dIkSA grahaNa karake maiM mahArAja muMja ke aura Apake pUrvajoM ko rasAtala meM girAU yaha kabhI nahIM ho sakatA / prApako RNa se mukta karane ke liye maiM saba pUrvajoM ko pAtAla meM girA, isa prakAra kA sajjanoM dvArA nindita kArya maiM kabhI nahIM kruuNgaa| merA yaha antima nirNaya hai ki Apake isa kArya se merA koI prayojana nahIM hai| aba Apa jaisA ucita samajhe vaisA kreN|" yaha kahakara vaha anyatra calA gyaa| sarvadeva dvija kI AMkhoM se azru pAta hone lgaa| prAMsuoM kI dhArA baha calI / vaha nirAza ho gayA ki aba isa ghora dharma saMkaTa se vaha kaise bce| vaha isa prakAra cintA sAgara meM DUba rahA thA ki usakA dUsarA putra zobhana ghara meM pAyA / apane pitA ko cintAmagna dekhakara pitA se pUchA:-"Apa zokamagna kyoM haiM ?" sarvadeva ne nirAzAbhare svara meM kahA :--"jisa kArya ke sampAdana meM tumhAre bar3e bhAI dhanapAla ne bho merI saba prAzAoM para pAnI phera diyA usa kArya ko kyoMki abhI tuma bAlaka ho kaise siddha kara sakoge / tuma jaao| svayaM dvArA kiye gaye karmoM kA phala maiM svayaM bhoga lgaa|" apane pitA ke isa prakAra nirAzApUrNa vacana sunakara zobhana ne kahA :"pitRdeva ! mere jIvita rahate Apa kabhI isa prakAra vihvala na hoN| bar3e bhAI dhanapAla rAjapUjya haiM aura hamAre parivAra kA bharaNa-poSaNa karane meM sakSama haiM / ataH usakI kRpA se maiM to pUrNataH nizcinta huuN| Apa zIghra hI prAjJA pradAna kiijiye| maiM ApakI AjJA kA akSaraza: pAlana kruuNgaa| bhAI dhanapAla to vedaH vedAMga aura smRti zAstroM ke pAragAmI vidvAna haiN| kyA karaNIya hai aura kyA prakaraNIya hai isakA apanI icchAnusAra vivecana karane meM ve niSNAta haiN| Apako jJAta hI hai ki maiM to bAlyAvasthA se hI nitAnta sarala haM aura isa dRr3ha AsthA vAlA Page #806 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 748 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 hUM ki pitA kI prAjJA ke pAlana se baDhakara putra ke liye aura koI dharma nahIM hai / pitA kI AjJA pAlana meM meM karaNIya athavA akaraNIya kA vicAra nahIM karatA / prApa cAheM to mujhe kue meM pheMka sakate haiM aura cAheM to narabhojI krUra mAnavoM taka ko samarpita kara sakate haiM / " yaha sunate hI sarvadeva ne zobhana ko apane vakSasthala se lagA liyA / usane kahA :- " vatsa ! mujhe eka RNa se mukta karake merA uddhAra kara do / " tadanantara sarvadeva ne apane putra zobhana ko mahendrasUri ke sAtha huI pratijJA zraura usa pratijJA kI pUrti ke liye apane do putroM meM se eka putra ko unheM sadA ke liye ziSya ke rUpa meM de dene kI bAta kahI / yaha sunate hI zobhana ke harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA / vaha bolA :- tAta ! yaha kArya to mujhe priya se priyatara hai / ye jaina muni to tapopUta tyAga kI kAnti se prakAzamAn aura ahiMsA satya asteya zrAdi mahAn vratoM ke dhAraka haiM aura mahAn satvazAlI hote haiM / unake caraNoM kI sevA karane kA saubhAgya pUrva janmAcita mahAn puNyoM ke pratApa se hI prApta hotA hai / prANI mAtra para anukampA karanA hI vastutaH saccA dharma hai / aura yaha sAkAra dharma una jaina muniyoM ke andara hI vidyamAna hai / unake caraNoM meM dIkSita hone ke svarNima avasara ko chor3akara aisA kauna mUrkha hogA jo yaha karanA hai vaha karanA hai to yaha bhI karanA hai aura vaha bhI karanA hai isa prakAra kI cintA se rAta-dina mAnava ko cintA kI jvAlA meM jalAte rahane vAle viSaya-vAsanAoM ke ghora paMkila AvAsa gRhasthAvAsa meM rahanA pasanda karegA / bhaIyA to donoM ora se Darate haiM / apanI prAraNa priyA patnI dhanazrI se aura sabhI prakAra kI bhogya vastuoM ke vidyamAna hote hue bhI usameM apanI asantoSa vRtti se / he tAta ! kisI kanyA ke sAtha sambandha meM zrAbaddha kara diye jAne ke anantara merI bhI isI prakAra kI durgati zravazyambhAvinI hai| aisI dazA meM mujhe jo kArya sabase adhika priya hai- zramaraNadharma meM dIkSita hone kA usake liye zrApa zIghra hI mujhe anumati kyoM nahIM pradAna karate haiM / isaliye cintA kA parityAga kara uThiye, snAna devArcana vaizvadevAdikI kriyAoM se nivRtta hokara bhojana kIjiye aura usake pazcAt zIghra hI mujhe le jAkara una mahAn jainAcArya mahendra sUri ke koDa meM samarpita kara dIjiye jisase ki maiM una pUjya puruSoM kI caraNa sevA karake apane janma ko sArthaka karU / apane isa janma ko pavitra karU / " 1 apane choTe putra zobhana kI isa bAta ko sunate hI devottama sarvadeva ke locana yugala AnandAnoM se zrotaprota ho chalaka uThe / usane apane putra kA pragADha AliMgana kiyA / usake mastaka ko sUMghA / tadanantara sabhI AvazyakIya kriyAoM se nivRtta hokara apane putra zobhana ke sAtha mahendrasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hokara Page #807 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 746 unake koDa meM apane prANapriya putra ko biThA diyA aura hAtha jor3akara nivedana kiyA :- "parama pUjya AcAryadeva ! aba jaisA Apa ise banAnA cAhate haiM vaisA banAiye | yaha pUrNarUpeNa ApakA hai / " mahendrasUri ne zubha muhUrtta meM zobhana deva ko paMca mahAvratoM kI bhAgavatI dIkSA pradAna kI aura dhArAnagarI se dUsare dina prAtaH kAla vihAra kara gaye / vihArakrama se ve kucha samaya pazcAt arAhillapura paTTaNa pahuMce / idhara dhanapAla ne logoM meM apane pitA kI nindA karanA prArambha kara diyA / kahane lagA ki inhoMne apane putra ko dhana ke badale beca diyA hai| ve jaina sAdhu zUdra haiM / mukha dekhane yogya nahIM haiM / ve striyoM aura bAlakoM ko bhulAve meM DAla dete haiM / ina pAkhaMDiyoM ko hamAre deza se nirvAsita karavA diyA jaay| usane krodha ke vazIbhUta ho rAjA bhoja se nivedana kiyA / rAjA bhoja ne usakI bAta sunakara jaina zramaNoM kA viharaNa vicaraNa mAlava pradeza meM rAjAjJA dvArA niSiddha karavA diyA / isa prakAra rAjA bhoja kI AjJA se mAlava pradeza meM bAraha varSoM taka jaina zramaraNoM kA darzana taka durlabha ho gayA / dhArAnagarI ke jaina saMgha ne mahendrasUri kI sevA meM jaina zramaNoM ke mAlava meM vicaraNa sambandhI rAjA bhoja kI niSedhAjJA kA pUrA vivaraNa prastuta kara diyA / zobhanadeva ko zrama dharma meM dIkSita karane ke pazcAt prAcArya mahendrasUri ne use sabhI vidyAoM aura AgamoM kA adhyayana prArambha krvaayaa| medhAvI zobhanadeva ne bar3I niSThA, lagana aura parizrama ke sAtha adhyayana karate hue zrAgamoM ke talasparzI jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI vidyAoM meM niSNAtatA prApta kI / zrAcArya mahendrasUri ne zobhanadeva ke prakANDa pAMDitya, vAgmitA, vinaya, Adi guraNoM se prasanna hokara unheM vAcanAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA / 1 avanti ke saMgha ne mahendrasUri kI sevA meM vijJaptipatra prastuta kiyA ki ve apane caraNoM se avanti ko pavitra kreN| zobhanadeva ne apane guru mahendrasUri se nivedana kiyA : " pUjyapAda ! maiM dhArAnagarI meM jAUMgA aura apane bhrAtA ko zIghra hI pratibodha dUMgA / yaha saba mana-muTAva mere nimitta se hI paidA huA hai / maiM hI isakA pratikAra karUMgA aura TUTe hue isa sambandha ko punaH jor3ane kA prayAsa karUMgA / isa lie merI grApase prArthanA hai ki Apa mujhe dhArAnagarI jAne kI anujJA pradAna kIjiye / " mahendrasUri ne apane ziSya zobhana upAdhyAya kI pratyutpannamati sampannatA, vinaya, vAkpaTutA, mRdubhASitA prAdi prabhAvaka, bahumukhI pratibhA se prabhAvita ho, jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke isa prAtyantika mahatva ke kArya ko dhArA nagarI meM jAkara Page #808 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 750 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 sampanna karane kI AjJA pradAna kara dI / katipaya gItArtha evaM sevA parAyaNa muniyoM ke sAtha upAdhyAya zrI zobhana ne zraraNahillapura pattana se dhArA nagarI kI ora vihAra kiyA / vihAra krama se sthAna-sthAna para bhavya upAsakoM ko dharmapatha para zrAsIna evaM dRr3ha karate hue upAdhyAya zrI zobhana apane santasamUha ke sAtha katipaya dinoM ke pazcAt dhArA nagarI pahuMce aura apanI saMtamaMDalI sahita ve vahAM eka upAsanAbhavanaupAzraya meM Thahare / madhukarI kA samaya upasthita hone para zobhana guru ne apane do sAdhunoM ko bhikSA kI gaveSaNArthaM prapane jyeSTha bhrAtA dhanapAla ke ghara pahuMca kara unheM dharmalAbha diyA / usa samaya mahAkavi dhanapAla apane zarIra meM tailamardana ke anantara snAnArtha samudyata thA / usane sAdhuyoM kA prabhivAdana karate hue apanI dharmapatnI se kahA - "ina pratithiyoM ko kucha na kucha bhojana- peya prAdi avazya hI denA cAhiye / kyoMki gRhastha ke ghara se abhyarthiyoM kA binA kucha liye hI riktahasta lauTa jAnA usa sadgRhastha ke liye pApakAraka hotA hai / " dhanapAla kI gRhiNI ne kucha pakvAnna una muniyoM ko diyA aura unheM dahI dene ke lie dadhipAtra hAtha meM liyaa| muniyoM ne prazna kiyA ki yaha dahI kitane dina kA hai ? isa prazna ke sunate hI dhanapAla prAvezapUrNa svara meM bolA - "yaha dahI tIna dina kA hai / kahiye, kyA isameM bhI jIna utpanna ho gaye haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai, prApa loga naye-naye hI dayAvratadhArI bane haiM / lenA ho to lIjiye, anyathA zIghra hI yahAM se anyatra cale jAiye / " eka sAdhu ne bar3e hI zAMta evaM mRdu svara meM kahA - "vidvan ! jaina zramaNoM ke lie jo madhukarI ke sambandha meM prAcAra-saMhitA banI huI hai, usakI anupAlanA meM isa prakAra kI jAnakArI karanA hamArA anivArya karttavya rakhA gayA hai| pUrI jAnakArI kara lene ke pazcAt jaba hameM vizvAsa ho jAya ki bhikSA meM gRhastha dvArA dI u.ne vAlI vastu pUrNataH doSarahita hai tabhI hama use grahaNa karate haiM, anyathA nahIM / basa itanI sI bAta para zrApa kupita kyoM ho rahe haiM ? prAkroza vastutaH praniSTakara aura priyavacana sadA saba ke lie zra eyaskara hote haiN| do dinoM ke pazcAt dahI prAdi gorasa meM jIvoM kI utpatti ho jAtI hai / yaha jJAniyoM kA kathana hai / " mahAkavi dhanapAla ne prAzcaryapUrNa mudrA meM kahA - "yaha naI bAta to maiMne apane jIvana meM pahalI bAra prApake mukha se hI sunI hai| to Apa isa dahI meM una jIvoM ko dikhAiye ki dahI meM isa prakAra ke jIva hote haiM, jisase ki hameM bhI pratyakSa darzana se prApakI isa bAta kI satyatA para vizvAsa ho jAya / " Page #809 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [751 una donoM sAdhunoM ne kahA--"mahAkave ! isa dahI meM thor3A sA alatA kA raMga DAla diijiye|" idhara dhanapAla ne dahI meM kiMcitmAtra raMga DAlA aura udhara tatkAla hI dahI ke varNa ke hI aneka jIva jo aba taka adRSTa the, dRSTigocara ho dadhipAtra meM idharaudhara calane lge| dadhipAtra meM isa prakAra agaNita jIvoM ko idhara-udhara calate aura kilabilAte dekha jaina dharma ke sambandha meM kavi dhanapAla ke antarmana meM jo bhrAntiyAM thIM ve tatkAla praNaSTa ho gaI, usake mana aura mastiSka para chAyA humA mithyAtva kA koharA tatkSaNa samApta ho gyaa| usane mana hI mana socA-"aho! jaina darzana meM sUkSma se sUkSma tattva ko vastutaH yathAtathya rUperaNa gahana daSTi se socA, dekhA aura batAyA gayA hai / vastuta: jaina darzana saMsAra ke prANimAtra ke prati dayA anukampA kI bhAvanAoM se otaprota, vizvabandhutva kA pratIka aura saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM ke liye sabhI bhAMti kalyANakArI hai|" usane anubhava kiyA ki usake antarmana meM alaukika pAloka kI eka divya kiraNa prakaTa huI hai| mahAkavi dhanapAla ne aMjalibaddha ho sAdara mastaka jhukAte hue vinamra svara meM una donoM sAdhunoM se pUchA :-"mahAtman ! ApakA Agamana kahAM se hamA hai, Apake guru kauna haiM aura Apa yahAM dhArA nagarI meM kisa sthAna para Thahare hue haiM ?" eka sAdhu ne dhanapAla ke prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA-"mahAkavin ! hama yahAM gurjarabhUmi se pAye haiM / mahendrasUri ke suyogya ziSya zobhanAcArya hamAre guru haiM aura isa nagara meM AdinAtha bhagavAn ke mandira ke pAsa eka upAzraya meM hama saba Thahare hue haiN|" tadanantara ve donoM sAdhu mahAkavi dhanapAla ke bhavana se nikalakara jisa dizA se Aye the, usI dizA kI ora lauTa gye| vicAramagna dhanapAla ne tatkAla snAna kiyA, zuddha vastra dhAraNa kiye aura binA bhojana kiye hI vaha upAzraya kI ora prasthita huA / dhanapAla ne jyoM hI upAzraya meM praveza kiyA ki zobhanAcArya kI dRSTi una para pdd'ii| apane bar3e bhAI ke prati sammAna prakaTa karate hue ve dhanapAla ke sammukha gaye / dhanapAla ke antahada meM bhrAtRsneha udvelita ho umar3a pdd'aa| usane tIvra gati se Age bar3hakara apane laghu sahodara zobhanAcArya ko apane bAhupAza meM prAbaddha kara apane vakSasthala se lagA liyaa| ___zobhanAcArya ne apane bar3e bhAI ke sammAna kI dRSTi se apane pAsa hI parva Asana para baiThane kA anurodha kiyA kintu dhanapAla unake samakSa dharatI para hI baiTha gayA aura bolA-"banyo ! mApane saMsAra ke mahAn darzana-jaina darzana ko Azraya le zramaNadharma aMgIkAra kiyA hai| Apa mere hI nahIM saba ke pUjya haiN| maiMne prajJAna aura amarza ke vazIbhUta ho rAjA bhoja ko nivedana kara isa mahAn dharma ke dharmaguruSoM Page #810 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 752 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 ke mAlava rAjya meM vicaraNa para pratibandha lagavA kara ghora pApa kA upArjana kiyA hai, isa bAta kA mujhe bar3A duHkha hai| aba maiM apane isa pApa kI pUrNarUpeNa zuddhi karane kA abhilaSuka huuN| vastutaH hamAre pitAzrI aura Apa mahAn bhAgyazAlI evaM kSIra-nIra-viveka kI zlAghAyogya buddhi se sampanna haiM, jo Apa donoM ne bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM anaMtakAla taka bhramaNa karavAne vAle karmabaMdhanoM kA samaloccheda karane meM sarvathA sakSama aura anta meM zAzvata, akSaya-avyAbAdha ananta sukha pradAna karane vAle jaina dharma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| maiM to abhI taka vimar3ha banA huaA adharma ko hI dharma samajha kara dharmAbhAsa ke mahAvinAzakArI kror3a meM par3A huA huuN| he anuja ! tuma vastutaH hamAre vaMzaratnAkara ke kaustubhamaNi ho, ataH mujha para kRpA kara mujhe usa vAstavika dharma kA svarUpa samajhAo jo bhavaprapaMca ke sRjanahAra karmasamaha kA samUloccheda kara akSaya Atmika sukha kA pradAtA hai|" bodhi-bIjArthI apane jyeSTha bhrAtA ke AMtarika udgAroM ko suna zobhanAcArya kA mAnasa vizuddha vAtsalya kI uttAla taraMgoM se taraMgita ho uThA / unhoMne sumadhura kaNThasvara meM kahA-"prApa hamAre kulAdhAra haiN| Apake antarmana meM utpanna huI dharma ke marma ko samajhane kI jijJAsA vastutaH stutya hai / maiM Apake samakSa deva, dharma aura guru ke svarUpa ke sAtha dharma ke marma ke sambandha meM thor3A prakAza DAlatA haM, Apa use ekAgracitta ho suniye evaM hRdayaMgama kiijiye| prANimAtra ke sarvAdhika prabala evaM pramukha zatru mahAmoha aura kAma (viSayavAsanAsakti) ko jIta lene vAle jinendradeva hI vastutaH sacce deva haiM, jo svayaM karmabandhanoM se pUrNata: mukta aura dUsare bhavyaprANiyoM ko mukta karavAne meM sarvathA sakSama haiN| sunizcita rUpeNa ve jinendra deva hI mumukSuoM ko paramAnandapradAyI niraMjana-nirAkAra zivapada pradAna karane vAle haiN| jo deva rAgadvoSa mUlaka zApa dene va anugraha karane vAle, viSaya-vAsanAoM ke ghora paMkila dala-dala meM nimagna evaM strI, zastra tathA mAlA ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiM, ve deva to vAstava meM rAjA ke samAna hI ruSTa hone para raMka aura tuSTa ho jAne para rAva banA dene vAle haiN| dhyAnapUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAya to rAjA meM aura una zApAnugrahAdi pradAna karane meM samartha devoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM / sacce deva ke pazcAt sahI arthoM meM sacce guru ve hI haiM jo saMsAra ke prANimAtra ke ananya bandhu, zatru tathA mitra sabhI para samAna bhAva rakhane vAle, pAMcoM indriyoM aura mana ko vaza meM rakhane vAle, prANimAtra ke zraddhAkendra, sadAcAra se protaprota saMyama ke sAkSAta sAkAra svarUpa, pratipala prANi varga ke kalyANa meM nirata, aharniza saba du:khoM ke mUla kAraNa karmabaMdhanoM ko kATane meM prANapaNa se saMlagna aura prAtmanada ko karma jalaugha se pratipala ApUrita karate rahane vAle prAsrava-dvAroM ko indriya damana, icchAnirodha, dhyAna, svAdhyAya evaM tapazcaraNa Adi ke mAdhyama se Page #811 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya / [ 753 avaruddha karane vAle haiN| kavivara bandho! jo svayaM vipula parigraha ke bhAra se dabe hue, mahA Arambha-samArambha ke kAryoM meM saMlagna, pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se jIvahiMsAkArI kAryoM meM pravRtta haiM, jinameM sabhI prakAra kI abhilASAeM vidyamAna haiM aura jo adhyAtmajJAna se vihIna haiM, una logoM ko guru kaise kahA aura mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra ke tathAkathita guru to vastutaH svayaM saMsAra sAgara meM Dabane vAle aura dUsaroM ko DubAne vAle haiN| unheM tAraka guru kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, dayA, manazuddhi, kSamA, mArdava, RjutA, santoSa aura tapazcaraNa-ina sadguNa sampanna satkAryoM meM yathAzakti pravRti aura uttarottara pragati karate rahanA hI saccA dharma hai, jo sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, vItarAga jinendra deva dvArA prANimAtra ke kalyANa ke liye pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isake viparIta jisa tathAkathita dharma meM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla-sevana, mahA Arambha-samArambha Adi ke mAdhyama se parigraha saMcaya, prasantoSa, kuTilatA, karkazatA, pazuhiMsA Adi sadoSa kAryoM kA saMpuTa lagA hamA hai, jisameM paga-paga para prAriNahiMsA kI gandha AtI hai, vaha dharma ke nAma se kaise abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai|" apane laghu sahodara zobhanAcArya ke mukha se ina sAragarbhita upadezoM ko sunate hI mahAkavi dhanapAla ke antarmana meM bodhibIja aMkurita ho utthaa| samyaktva surataru kI suvAsa se usakA mana magamagAyamAna ho mudita ho utthaa| dRr3ha saMkalpa se protaprota sudRr3ha svara meM dhanapAla ne karabaddha ho zobhanAcArya se kahA-"jJAnasindho ! maiM sadgati dAyaka jaina dharma ko antarmana se aMgIkAra karatA huuN|" sarvaprathama dhanapAla ne apane usa ghora pApa kI vizuddhi kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA jo usane mAlava rAjya meM jaina zramaraNoM ke vicaraNa para rAjA bhoja kI prAjJA se pratibandha lagavAne ke rUpa meM ajita kiyA thaa| dhanapAla ne rAjA bhoja se nivedana kara pratibandha ko nirasta karavA diyaa| dhArA nagarI ke jaina saMgha ne usa pratibandha ke haTA diye jAne ke anantara mahendrasari kI sevA meM upasthita ho, unheM dhArA nagarI meM padhArane aura vahAM jinadharma kI apane upadezAmRta se zrIvRddhi karane kI prArthanA kii| saMgha kI vinati ko svIkAra kara mahendrasUri bhI dhArA nagarI meM padhAre / mahendrasUri ke upadezoM se dhanapAla kI samyaktva meM AsthA dRr3ha se dRr3hatara aura dRr3hatara se dRr3hatama hotI gaI / vaha sadA isa bAta ke liye sajaga rahatA thA ki ajJAta avasthA meM bhI usake samyaktva meM kahIM kiMcitmAtra bhI koI doSa na laga jAya / yajJoM meM kI jAne vAlI hiMso kA dhanapAla ne DaTakara virodha kiyA aura eka bAra to rAjA dvArA yajJa meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kA dhanapAla dvArA virodha kiye jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa dhanapAla ko rAjA bhoja kA aisA kopabhAjana bananA par3A Page #812 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 754 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 ki rAjA bhoja ne gupta rUpa se dhanapAla kI hatyA kara dene kA saMkalpa kara liyA / usake vidyAbala ne usake prANoM kI rakSA kara use usa ghora saMkaTa se bacAyA / dhanapAla ne bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA eka vizAla mandira dhArA nagarI meM banavAyA aura usakI pratiSThA usane mahendrasUri se karavAI / dhanapAla ne jinamandira kI pratiSThA ke samaya bhagavAn zrAdinAtha kI mUrti ke samakSa baiTha kara "jaya jantu kappa" isa caraNa se prArambha kara 500 gAthAoM vAlI RSabhajina kI stuti kA nirmANa kiyA / rAjA bhoja ke anurodha para mahAkavi dhanapAla ne bAraha hajAra zloka pramAraNa tilakamaMjarI nAmaka eka grantharatna kI racanA kI / usa jaina - kathAnoM ke grantharatna ke vAcana athavA zravaraNa ke samaya aisA pratIta hotA thA mAno navoM hI rasa mUrta svarUpa dhAraNa kara zrotAnoM ke hRdayapaTala para avatarita ho thiraka rahe hoM / grantha samApti para usa grantha ratna ke zodhana kA jaba prazna AyA to mahendrasUri ke parAmarSAnusAra gurjaranareza bhIma kI rAjasabhA ke vidvAn vAdivaitAla ke viruda se suzobhita zrI zAntyAcArya ko dhArA nagarI meM bulAyA gayA / zAMtisUri ne katipaya dinoM taka dhArA nagarI meM nivAsa karate hue kevala isI dRSTi se usa grantharatna kA zodhana kiyA ki kahIM usameM sarvajJa vItarAga kI vAraNI ke viparIta to koI bAta nahIM hai / kyoMki "siddha sArasvata" kI upAdhi se alaMkRta mahAkavi dhanapAla kI racanA meM vyAkaraNa athavA chaMdo - zAstra sambandhinI truTi kI to kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI thI / vaha tilakamaMjarI grantha rAjA bhoja ko atyanta rucikara evaM atIva sundara lgaa| usane dhanapAla se tilakamaMjarI meM nimnalikhita parivartana karane kA zrAgrahapUrNa anurodha kiyA : 1. isa grantha ke prArambha meM suspaSTarUpeNa ziva kI stuti kI jAya / 2. ayodhyA kA jahAM jahAM isa grantha meM ullekha hai, vahAM dhArA nagarI kA nAmollekha kiyA jAya / zakrAvatAra ke sthAna para mahAkAla ke avatAra kA ullekha kiyA jAya / vRSabha ke sthAna para zaMkara kA nAmollekha kiyA jAya / 5. meghavAhana ke prAkhyAna meM merA ( dhArAdhipati bhoja kA ) nAma likhA jAya / 3. 4. Page #813 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 755 rAjA bhoja ne anurodhapUrNa prAgraha ke sAtha dhanapAla se kahA-"kavIzvara ! mere kahane se tuma yadi isa grantharatna meM isa prakAra parivartana kara doge to tumhArA yaha grantharatna jaba taka candra aura sUrya haiM taba taka isa gharA para amara rhegaa|" dhanapAla bhoja kA bAlasakhA thaa| use zaizavakAla se hI rAjA muMja kA bhoja ke samAna hI snehasikta dulAra milA thA aura samyaktva meM usakI aTUTa AsthA thI ataH usane nirbhIka svara meM kahA--"rAjan ! isa prakAra ke parivartanoM se isa grantha kI vahI dazA hogI jo sadyaHsnAta karmakANDI brAhmaNa ke hothe para rakhe dugdhapAtra meM surA kI eka bUMda DAlane se hotI hai| aisI dazA meM isa prakAra ke parivartana isa grantha meM nahIM kiye jA sakate / narezvara ! isa prakAra ke parivartana se kiye gaye apavitrIkaraNa kA duSpariNAma yaha hogA ki mere kula, Apake rAjya aura rASTra kI mahatI kSati hogii|" apane anurodha ke isa prakAra ThukarA diye jAne para rAjA bhoja kI krodhAgni bar3e hI ugra rUpa se bhar3aka utthii| usane tatkAla karpUramaMjarI nAmaka usa apUrva grantha ko apane pAsa hI rakhI huI aMgIThI kI jAjvalyamAna jvAlAoM meM DAla diyaa| saba ke dekhate hI dekhate vaha grantharatna jala kara bhasmIbhUta ho gyaa| . isa ghaTanA se dhanapAla ke hRdaya ko gaharA AghAta lgaa| usake mukha se Akrozamizrita nirAzApUrNa kevala ye hI zabda nikale-"o rAjA bhoja ! tU vAstava meM pakkA mAlavIya hai| tumane apane kapaTapUrNa vyavahAra se dhanapAla ko bhI nirlipta nahIM chor3A, kisI anya kI to tumhAre samakSa gaNanA hI kyA hai| kAvyakRti ke prati isa prakAra kI niSTharatA aura svajanoM kI vaMcanA-ye do doSa tumhAre andara kahAMse A gaye haiM ? "" rAjA ke samakSa apanA Akroza ina zabdoM meM abhivyakta kara dhanapAla rAjasabhA se bAhara nikala gayA aura apane ghara Akara zokAkula mudrA meM eka ora zayyA para leTa gyaa| apanI kRti ke isa prakAra jalA diye jAne se usako aisI asahya pIr3A ho rahI thI ki na to usane snAna kiyA, na devArcana kiyA, na apane parivAra ke kisI bhI sadasya se bAta hI kI aura na bhojana kA nAma taka hI liyaa| nidrA to mAno usase kosoM dUra bhAga gaI thii| binA USNIza ke hI zayyA para goMdhe mukha leTA huA cintAsAgara meM gahare gote lagAne meM nimagna thA / dhanapAla kI isa prakAra pradaSTapUrva manaHsthiti dekha kara usake parivAra ke sabhI sadasya avAk bane ' mAlavinosi kimannaM mannasi kavveNa nivvuI taMsi / dharaNavAlaM pi na mucasi pucchAmi savaMcaNaM katto // 21 // -prabhAvakacaritra, pRSTha 146 Page #814 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 756 ]. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - - bhAga 3 aneka prakAra ke IhApoha karane lage / antatogatvA dhanapAla kI navavarSIyA choTI putrI usake pAsa AI aura usane apane pitA se bar3e pyAra bhare svara meM cintA kA kAraNa puuchaa| cintA kA kAraNa jJAta hote hI bAlikA ne apane pitA ko Azvasta karate hue utsAhapUrNa svara meM kahA - " pitAjI ! Apa isa bAta kI raMca mAtra bhI cin na kIjiye / pustaka ko jalA diyA to kyA huA, usakA eka-eka akSara, eka-eka zabda, eka-eka paMkti saba kucha mujhe kaNThastha hai / " yaha kahatI huI bAlikA ne sahaja hI kaNThastha huI tilakamaMjarI kA pATha prAdi se hI apane pitA ko sunAnA prArambha kiyA / dhanapAla ko apanI putrI ke mukha se tilakamaMjarI kA praskhalita evaM pUrNata: vizuddha pATha dhArA pravAha rUpa meM sunakara aisI anubhUti huI mAno bAlarUpA sarasvatI hI usake samakSa bola rahI ho / bAlikA ne apane pitA se pUchA - "kyoM pitAjI ! aba to Apako pakkA vizvAsa ho gayA na, ki zrApakI anamola kRti amara hai, use saMsAra kI koI zakti nahIM jalA sakatI / aba bhApa uThiye / snAna, pUjA Adi se nivRtta ho zIghra hI bhojana kara lIjiye, jisase ki maiM Apako tilakamaMjarI kA pATha likhavAnA prArambha kruuN|" mahAkavi dhanapAla ke cittAkAza para jo cintA kI ghanI kAlI ghaTAeM maMDarA rahIM thIM, ve tatkAla chinna-bhinna ho pala bhara meM hI tirohita ho gaI / dhanapAla ne nizcinta ho snAna-dhyAnAdi ke pazcAt bhojana kiyA aura apanI putrI ke mukha se suna-suna kara tilakamaMjarI ko likhanA prArambha kara diyaa| katipaya dinoM ke aharniza prayAsa se dhanapAla ne apanI putrI kI sahAyatA se pUrNa tilakamaMjarI ke 27 hajAra zloka pramANa pATha meM se 24 hajAra zloka pramAraNa kaNThastha pATha lipibaddha kara liyA / bAlikA kadAcit kahIM-kahIM jina sthaloM ko nahIM suna pAI thI, ve sthala rikta raha gaye / isa prakAra tilakamaMjarI ke jalA diye jAne ke kAraNa usakA tIna hajAra zloka pramANa aMza vismRti ke gahvara meM vilIna ho gayA / tilakamaMjarI kA punarAlekhana sampanna hote hI dhanapAla ne apane parivAra ke sAtha dhArA nagarI se pazcima dizA kI ora prasthAna kara diyaa| rAjA bhoja dvArA apanI kRti tilakamaMjarI ke jalA diye jAne ke pazcAt dhanapAla ko dhArA nagarI kA nivAsa kiMcitmAtra bhI sukhada athavA zAntikara pratIta nahIM ho rahA thaa| bar3I tIvra gati se pazcima kI ora agrasara hotA huA dhanapAla apane parivAra ke sAtha marudharA ke satyapura ( vartamAna jAlora) nAmaka nagara meM pahuMcA / dhanapAla satyapura meM sukhapUrvaka raha kara apanA adhika samaya jinArAdhana meM vyatIta karane lagA / usane bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caitya meM "deva nimmala" nAma kI mahAvIra kI stuti kI racanA kI / Page #815 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 757 udhara katipaya dinoM pazcAt rAjA bhoja ne apane vizvAsapAtra sevaka ko mahAkavi dhanapAla ke ghara use balAne ke liye bhejaa| jaba sevaka se bhoja ko yaha vidita huaA ki dhanapAla apane kUTamba ke sAtha dhArA nagarI chor3a kara kahIM anyatra calA gayA hai to usake hRdaya ko gaharA AghAta pahuMcA / usane mana hI mana socA"jisa samaya meM yaha socatA haM ki dhanapAla binA kisI prakAra ke saMkoca ke merI bAta kA virodha kara baiThatA thA, taba to mujhe aisA anubhava hotA hai ki aisA mere mana para manacAhI coTa karane vAlA vaha dhanapAla calA gayA to koI bAta nahIM / yaha to eka sAdhAraNa sI bAta hai kintu jaba maiM gaharAI se vicAra karatA hUM to sahaja hI yaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki sAkSAt sarasvatI ke samAna satya, sundara aura kalyANakArI yathAtathya vANI bolane vAlA dhanapAla ke atirikta anya koI dRSTigocara hI nahIM hotA / yaha mere mandabhAgya kA hI phala hai ki isa prakAra ke kavivara rAjahaMsa ke saMsarga se maiM vaMcita ho gayA huuN|" dhanapAla kI anupasthiti rAjA bhoja ko aharniza hRdaya ke zUla ke samAna khaTakane lgii| unhIM dinoM dharma nAma kA eka vidvAn rAjA bhoja kI rAjasabhA meM upasthita humA aura aneka garvoktiyoM ke sAtha usane mana-cAhe viSaya para zAstrArtha karane ke liye, vahAM upasthita sabhI vidvAnoM ko lalakArA / rAja sabhA ke sabhI vidvAn apane apane nayanayugala nIce kI ora jhukAye hae maunastha rhe| kisI bhI vidvAn ne dharma nAmaka usa vidvAn ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane kA sAhasa prakaTa nahIM kiyaa| isa prakAra kI dayanIya sthiti dekha kara bhoja ko bar3I nirAzA huii| usake mukha se sahasA isa prakAra ke udgAra prakaTa ho gaye-" hA deva ! eka dhanapAla ke binA mAja merI sampUrNa rAjasabhA vastutaH zanya hI hai| aba usa dhanapAla ke sambandha meM caroM ke mAdhyama se jJAtaM kiyA jAya ki isa samaya vaha kahAM hai aura use kisa prakAra yahAM lAyA jA sakatA hai"-isa prakAra mana hI mana vicAra kara rAjA ne dhanapAla kI khoja meM cAroM ora apane vizvasta cara bheje| bhoja bhUpAla dvArA dhanapAla kI khoja meM gaye hue dUtoM meM se eka dUta satyapura pahu~cA / usane apane svAmI kI ora se kavi dhanapAla kI sevA meM nivedana kiyA ki ve zIghra hI dhArA nagarI ke liye prasthAna kara deN| "dhArA nivAsa ke prati aba mere mana meM lavaleza mAtra bhI ruci nahIM rahI hai| rAjAdhirAja bhoja se merI mora se nivedana karanA ki meM yahA~ sabhI-bhAMti prasanna haiM aura isa tIrthasthAna meM jagadaikabandhu trilokInAtha jinezvara kI pArAdhanA meM saMlagna huuN|"-yh kahate hue dhArAnagarI meM nivAsa kI apanI nitAnta praruci abhivyakta kii| apane cara ke mukha se apane ananya bAlasakhA dhanapAla ke kuzala-kSema ke samAcAroM ko suna kara to bhoja ko prasannatA huI kintu usake dhArAnagarI lauTane Page #816 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 758 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 meM ekAntataH anicchA kI bAta sunakara use bar3A duHkha huaa| usane apane caroM ke mAdhyama se dhanapAla ko dhArAnagarI lauTa Ane kA Agraha karate hue kahalavAyA"sakhe ! tuma sadA rAjA muMja ke parama prItipAtra rahe ho| unhoMne tumheM apanA putra mAnakara sadA putra kI bhAMti hI tumhArA lAlana-pAlana, zikSaNa-dIkSaNa kiyA thaa| maiMne bhI sadA tumheM apane jyeSTha bhrAtA ke tulya hI maanaa| maiM to tumhArA choTA bhAI haM, aisI sthiti meM tumheM apane choTe bhAI kI bAta para isa prakAra aprasanna nahIM honA cAhiye / tumheM bhalI-bhAMti smaraNa hogA ki eka dina rAjA muMja ne tumheM apane aMka meM biThA kara kahA thA-"vatsa dhanapAla ! tuma vastutaH karcAla sarasvatI ho| tumheM yaha kabhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye ki dhArA nagarI tumhArI svarga se bhI mahAmahimAmayI mahAmahatI mAtRbhUmi hai| Aja sudUrastha prAnta se pAyA huA eka paNDitaMmanya abhimAnI vidvAn sarasvatI kI lIlAsthalI dhArAnagarI ke yaza ko dhUlisAt karane para kaTibaddha ho rahA hai / ataH apanI janmabhUmi kI gauravagarimA kI rakSA hetu zIghra hI dhArAnagarI meM lauTa praayo| yadi tumane dhArA pAne meM kiMcitmAtra bhI vilamba kiyA to yaha dharma kaula nAmaka abhimAnI paradezI mAlavarAjya kI rAjasabhA ko vAda meM parAjita kara evaM dhArA ke samunnata zubhra mAla para parAjaya kA kAlA tilaka lagA kara yahAM se calA jaaygaa| mAnApamAna kI isa vikaTa nirNAyaka velA meM siddhasArasvata ! tumheM tumhArI mAtRbhUmi pukAra rahI hai|" dUta ke mukha se rAjA bhoja kA yaha sandeza suna kara dhanapAla ke mAnasa meM mAtRbhUmi ke prati anurAga kA sAgara udvelita ho uThA / usane tatkSaNa dhArA nagarI kI mora prasthAna kara diyaa| drutatara gati se yAtrA pUrI kara dhanapAla dhArA nagarI pahuMcA / apane bAlasakhA ke pAne kA samAcAra sunakara bhoja bhUpati usakI agavAnI ke liye usake sammakha gyaa| bhojarAja ne dhanapAla ko dekhate hI apane bhujapAza meM prAbaddha karate hue use apane vakSasthala se lagA liyA aura pazcAtApapUrNa svara meM kahA-"bandho ! mujhe apane pravinayapUrNa aparAdha ke liye kSamA kara do|" kavIzvara aura narezvara ke hagoM se pravAhita hue harSAzra proM ne una donoM ananya bAlasakhAtroM ke manomAlinya ko tatkAla sadA-sadA ke liye dho DAlA / eka dina bhojarAja kI rAjyasabhA meM vidvAn dharma kaula aura mahAkavi dhanapAla ke bIca zAstrArtha huaa| vitaNDAvAda meM niSNAta vidvAna dharma kaula ne jaba bhalI-bhAMti samajha liyA ki dhanapAla vastuta: uccakoTi kA vidvAn aura siddha sArasvata kavi hai, to usane vitaNDAvAda kA avalambana chor3akara yaha kahate hue apanI parAjaya svIkAra kara lI ki vastuta: dhanapAla mahAn vidvAn aura apratima kavitva zakti ke dhanI mahA kavi haiN| maiM inake.samakSa apanI parAjaya svIkAra karatA hai| isa dharAtala para inakI tulanA kA koI kavi athavA vidvAn nahIM hai| dhanapAla ne tatkAla dharma kola ko sambodhita karate hae kahA-"vidvana ! yaha mata kaho ki dharA para koI aura vidvAn nahIM hai, kyoMki yugAdi se hI isa pRthvI ko Page #817 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 756 "ratnagarbhA vasundharA" mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha pRthvI sabhI prakAra ke ratnoM kI khani hai| isameM na to udbhaTa vidvAnoM kI nAsti rahI hai, na rahegI aura na pAja bhI unakI nAsti hai / isa dharAmaNDala para aneka ucca se ucca koTi ke vidvAn vidyamAna haiN| ve vidvAna apane prakANDa pANDitya kA pradarzana nahIM karate, isI kAraNa adhikAMza logoM kI dRSTi se chUpe hue haiN| yadi tuma isa prakAra ke uccakoTi ke vidvAn ke darzana karane ke utkaTa abhilaSuka ho to satyapura avazya jAmo, vahAM tumheM sabhI vidyAoM ke nidhAnasvarUpa mahA vidvAn zAntisUri ke darzana hoNge| unake sAtha vArtAlApa karate hI tumhAre mana meM vidvAnoM ke sambandha meM jo yaha "nAsti" kI kalpanA ghara kara gaI hai vaha "asti" ke rUpa meM avazyameva parivartita ho jaaygii|" dhanapAla ke saMketa para rAjA bhoja ne usa dharma kaula nAmaka vidvAn ko parAsta ho cukane ke uparAnta bhI eka lAkha svarNa-mudrAeM prItidAna ke rUpa meM dene kA apane koSAdhyakSa ko Adeza diyA kintu usane yaha kahate hue vaha rAzi lenA asvIkAra kara diyA-"mAna (sammAna-pratiSThA) hI manISI mAnavamAtra kA mahAn jIvana-dhana hai| usake cale jAne para to vaha niSprANa zava ke samAna hI hai|" parAjita ho jAne ke pazcAt dharma kola ke liye dhArA nagarI kA nivAsa pratapta agnikuNDa meM rahane tulya dAhaka pratIta ho rahA thaa| dhanapAla ke mukha se zAntisUri kI vidvattA kI mahimA suna kara dharma kola ko vidvaMd darzana kA eka acchA miSa (bahAnA) mila gyaa| vaha tatkAla dhArA nagarI ro vidA ho satyapura kI ora prasthita huprA / satyapura pahuMcakara dharma kola ne zAntipUri ke sAtha bhI zAstrArtha kiyaa| zAntisUri kI vidvatA se vaha bar3A prabhAvita humA aura anta meM zAntisUri ke samakSa apanI parAjaya svIkAra karate hue unakI vidvatA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| dhanapAla ke laghu sahodara zobhanAcArya ne bhI jinendra prabhu kI yamakAlaMkAroM se samanvita aura bhAvapUrNa stutiyoM kI racanA kii| zomanAcArya jinezvaroM kI stutiyoM kI racanA meM itane adhika tallIna ho gaye ki sote, uThate, calate-phirate pratipala pratikSaNa bhakti rasa meM hI nimagna rahate / madhukarI ke lie bhaTana karate-karate eka dina ve bhakti rasa meM sarvAtmanA-sarvabhAvena nimagna ho jAne ke kAraNa eka hI gRhastha ke ghara meM bhikSA ke liye tIna bAra cale gye| gahiNI dvArA usa bAta kI mora dhyAna dilAye jAne para unhoMne pazcAtApa prakaTa karate hue kahA ki bhakti-rasa meM lInatA ke kAraNa unheM isa prakAra kA koI mAna hI nahIM rhaa| zobhanAcArya kI isa prakAra kI tanmayatA kI bAta jaba unake guru ko vidita huI to apane ziSya ke mukha se unhoMne unakI racanAoM ko sunaa| apane ziSya kI adbhuta kavitvazakti se ve bar3e camatkRta hue| unhoMne zobhanAcArya kI kavitva zakti Page #818 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 760 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA kii| kucha samaya pazcAt zobhanAcArya tIvra jvara kI bAdhA se pIr3ita ho apanI ihalIlA samApta kara svargavAsI bana gye| mahAkavi dhanapAla ne zobhanAcArya dvArA racita "zobhanastuti" nAmaka grantha para TIkA kI racanA kii| apanI mAyu kA avasAnakAla sannikaTa jAnakara mahAkavi dhanapAla mahArAja bhoja kI anujJA prApta kara dharma-sAdhanA hetu anahillapura pATaNa gyaa| vahAM aharniza mahendrasUri kI sevA meM rahate hue usane dharmasAdhanA prArambha kI / gahI veSa meM rahate hue bhI usane apane samasta duSkRtoM kI samIcIna rUpeNa apane guru ke samakSa pAlocanA kI / tapazcaraNa ke sAtha adhyAtmasAdhanA meM nirata rahate hue dhanapAla ne jIvanaparyanta cAroM prakAra ke mAhAra kA tyAgakara anazana pUrvaka saMlekhanA-saMthArA kiyaa| zAstroM ke pAragAmI sthavira muniyoM ne usakI paMDitamaraNa kI antima sAdhanA ke samaya niryApanA kI / anta meM dhanapAla ne samAdhipUrvaka prAyu pUrNa kara saudharma nAmaka prathama svarga meM deva rUpa meM utpanna humaa| (prabhAvaka caritra ke mAdhAra para) sUrAcArya ke prakaraNa meM dhanapAla ke hRdaya meM jinazAsana ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA evaM prema ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlate hue batAyA gayA hai ki usane sUrAcArya ko, una para mAye ghora prANa-saMkaTa ke samaya kisa prakAra dhArA nagarI se guptarUpeNa bAhara nikAlakara praNahillapura pATaNa phuNcaayaa| - mahAkavi dhanapAla vikrama kI 10vIM-11vIM zatAbdI kA eka agragaNya jinazAsana-prabhAvaka jaina mahAkavi thaa| "pAiya lacchI nAmamAlA" nAmaka apanI kRti meM jo dhanapAla ne prazasti dI hai, usase usakA samaya antimarUpeNa sunizcita rUpa se vikrama kI 10vIM-11vIM satAbdI siddha hotA hai / mahendrasUri, sUrAcArya, zobhanAcArya mAdi vidvAn prAcAryoM ke kAlanirNaya meM vaha prazasti bar3I sahAyaka hai ataH use avikala rUpa se yahAM udata kiyA jA rahA hai : vikkamakAlassa gae bha uNattIsuttare sahassaMmi / (vi. saM. 1029) mAlava nariMda-ghADIe lUDie mannakheDami // dhArA nayarIe pariThieNa maggeThiyAe praNavajje / kajje kariNaThTha bahiNIe sudarI nAmadhijjAe / kaiyo aMdha jaga kiMvA kusalaMtti payAraNamaMtimA vaNNA / nAmaMmi jassa kamaso, teNesA viraiyA desI // maryAta-vi0 saM0 1026 meM mAlavA ke rAjA ne jisa samaya rASTrakUTa rAjAmoM kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa ko lUTakara vahAM rASTrakUTa rAjya ko samApta kiyA, Page #819 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 761 usa samaya mArga meM sthita dhArA nagarI meM rahate hue dhanapAla dhaNavAla) nAmaka kavi ne sundarI nAma kI apanI choTI bahina ke lie "pAiya lacchInAmamAlA" nAmnI (dezI bhASA kI) kRti kI racanA kii| __ yaha eka bar3e hI aitihAsika mahatva kI prazasti hai| isase rASTrakUTa rAjya ke patanakAla ke sAtha-sAtha dhanapAla ke samakAlIna aneka vidvAnoM ke samaya kA bhI prAmANika nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| Page #820 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sUrAcArya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina jagat ke gaNyamAnya uccakoTi ke vidvAnoM, mahA kaviyoM aura mahAn prabhAvaka zramaNavaroM meM sUrAcArya kA sthAna bar3A mahatvapUrNa hai| gujarAta pradeza ke ina mahAn prAcArya ne mAlava prAnta meM jAkara 'sarasvatIvaralabdhaprasAda' ke viruda se abhihita kiye jAne vAle ghArAdhIza bhojarAja kI sabhA ko parAjita kara vijayazrI prApta kii| kevala yahI nahIM, apitu rAjA bhoja kI sabhA ke udbhaTa vAdI ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane ke uparAnta bhI aneka saMkaTapUrNa sthitiyoM kA sAmanA karate hue sakuzala jIvitAvasthA meM gujarAta lauTa aaye| usa samaya deza ke paMDitavarga meM yaha dhAraNA ghara kiye hae thI ki jo bhI vidvAn rAjA bhoja kI ora se zAstrArtha ke liye khar3e kiye gaye vidvAn ko parAjita kara detA hai usa vijayI vidvAn ko yena kena prakAreNa chala prapaMca Adi ke dvArA maravA diyA jAtA hai / sUrAcArya ke jIvana kA paricaya saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : gUrjara pradeza meM anahilapurapaTTana nAmaka paTTanagara meM mahAn zaktizAlI bhIma nAma ke rAjA rAjya karate the| rAjA bhIma jina zAsana ke prati pragAr3ha AsthAvAn thA / vaha nyAya aura nItipUrvaka prajA kA paripAlana, saMvarddhana, saMrakSaNa karatA thaa| vaha bar3A lokapriya rAjA thA / drauraNa nAmaka jainAcArya rAjA ke dharmaguru the jo niyamita rUpa se rAjA aura mantrI varga ko dharmazAstroM kI zikSA diyA karate the| ve guru drauNa rAjA bhIma ke kSatriya kulotpanna mAmA the| droNa ke eka choTe bhAI bhI the| jinakA nAma saMgrAmasiMha thA / jinake mahipAla nAma kA eka viziSTa prajJA, evaM pratibhAzAlI putra thaa| saMgrAmasiMha ke asAmayika dehAvasAna ke pazcAt mahipAla kI mAtA apane choTe se bAlaka ko sAtha lekara anahilapurapaTTana phuNcii| usane droNAcArya ke samakSa upasthita hokara apane putra ko unake caraNoM para rakhate hue nivedana kiyA :"prAcArya deva ! Apa apane bhrAtRja ko apanI sevA meM rakhiye aura isako samucita zikSA-dIkSA pradAna kiijiye|' guru droNa ne bAlaka mahipAla ke sundara zArIrika sulakSaNoM aura nimitta ke bala para yaha jAna liyA ki yaha bAlaka Age jAkara jina zAsana kA mahAn prabhAvaka .. Page #821 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 763 prAcArya hogA / unhoMne bar3e Adara ke sAtha usa bAlaka ko apanI sevA meM rakha liyA aura apanI laghu bhrAtRpatnI ko aneka prakAra se sAntvanA pradAna kara Azvasta kiyA / droNAcArya ne bAlaka mahipAla ko zabda zAstra, pramANa naya, sAhitya, Agama, saMhitA Adi vividha vidyAoM kA kramika pATha prArambha karavAyA / ve saba vidyAeM sadaiva mahipAla ke kaMThoM meM Akara virAjamAna hone lagIM / guru drauNa to kevala sAkSI mAtra hI the / rAcArya ke prati mahipAla ke mana meM pragAr3ha prIti evaM prAsthA utpanna ho gaI / vaha kSaNa bhara ke liye bhI guru caraNoM se dUra rahane meM pIr3A kA anubhava karatA thA ataH usane droNAcArya se zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / sabhI vidyAoM aura zAstroM kA tala-sparzI pAMDitya prApta kara lene ke pazcAt AcArya drauNa ne use prAcArya pada ke sarvathA sarvAdhika suyogya samajhakara prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA aura isa prakAra muni mahipAla prAcArya pada para prAsIna hone ke pazcAt sUrAcArya ke nAma se loka-vizruta hue / eka dina sarasvatI ke sadana aura kalAoM ke mahAsindhu rAjA bhoja ke pradhAna puruSa rAjA bhIma kI rAjasabhA meM upasthita hue aura unhoMne nimnalikhita eka gAthA kA rAjyasabhA meM tAlasvara se uccAraNa kiyA : helA niddaliya gaiMdakuMbhapayaDiyapayAvapasarassa / sIhassa maraNa samaM na viggaho neya saMdhAraNaM / / 15 / / ( prabhAvaka caritra pRSTha 152 ) arthAt - jisane ghanaghora garjana ke sAtha chalAMga bharate hue kevala eka hI paMje ke prahAra se madonmatta gajarAja ke gaMDasthala ko vidArita kara apanA apratima prabhAva cAroM ora prakAzita kara diyA hai usa siMha kA kisI eka mRga ke sAtha na to vigraha hI ho sakatA hai aura na sandhi hI / rAjA bhIma ne atyanta tiraskAra bhAva se bharI huI ukta gAthA ko sunakara pUrNa saMyama se kAma liyA / lalATa meM kiMcitmAtra bhI salavaTa athavA AMkhoM meM lAlI na Ane dI / rAjA bhoja ke pradhAnoM kA rAjA bhIma ne yathocita svAgata satkAra kiyA aura ana pAna nivAsAdi kI samucita vyavasthA kA Adeza dekara una logoM ko vizrAma karane kA parAmarza diyA / Page #822 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 764 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 rAjA bhoja ke amAtyoM ke cale jAne para bhIma ne apane pradhAnamantrI Adi amAtyoM ko Adeza diyA ki isa gAthA kA samucita uttara pradAna karane meM sakSama kisI adbhuta pratibhA sampanna vidvAn kI khoja kI jAya / rAjA bhIma kI sabhA meM baiThe hae aneka kaviyoM ne apanI buddhi ke anusAra usa AryA (gAthA) kA samucita uttara pradAna karane kI icchA se aneka prati pAryAoM kI racanAeM kii| kintu rAjA ko unameM se eka bhI AryA camatkArapUrNa nahIM lgii| isa prakAra ke kisI apratima pratibhAzAlI vidvAn kI khoja ke liye mahAmAtya amAtyoM evaM anya rAjapuruSoM ne saba dharmoM ke AzramoM meM, maThoM, mandiroM, sthAnakoM, dharma sthAnoM Adi meM caurAhoM para, tirAhoM para, caityoM ke jharokhoM meM jAnA AnA zuru kiyaa| eka dina ve rAjA bhIma ke pradhAna puruSa govindasUri ke caitya meM phuNce| usa dina saMyoga se usa caitya meM kisI bar3e parva ke upalakSya meM nRtyakalA meM niSNAta nartakiyoM ke nRtya saMgIta kA Ayojana kiyA gayA thaa| vibhinna bhAva bhaMgimAoM ke sAtha aMga-pratyaMgoM ke punaH punaH saMcAlana, saMgIta kI svara lahariyoM ke prAroha avaroha ke anusAra drutatara gati se pAda nikSepa, kaTi saMcAlana aura deha yaSTi ko cAroM ora punaH punaH ghumAne phirAne prAdi ke parizrama se pUrNataH parizrAnta huI muktAphala tulya mukha maNDala para maMDita sveda kaNoM ko pauMchatI huI eka nartakI ne apanA sveda sUkhAne ke liye pavana kI Toha meM saMgamaramara ke prastara se nirmita eka stambha ko apane bAhupAza meM Abaddha kara liyA aura vaha vahAM nizcala mudrA meM vizrAma lene lgii| use isa sthiti meM dekhakara vahAM upasthita viziSTa atithiyoM, sammAnanIya nAgarikoM aura ucca koTi ke vidvAnoM ne govinda sUri se nivedana kiyA :"prAcArya deva ! isa nartakI kI aura isa prastara stambha kI isa prakAra kI adbhuta dazA kA sundara kAvya meM citraNa karavAyA jAya / " sUrAcArya vahIM upasthita the / govinda sUri ne sUrAcArya kI ora dekhate hue unheM isa adbhuta dRzya ke varNana karane kA anurodha kiyaa| prAzu kavi sUrAcArya ne apane adbhuta kAvya kauzala se sabako camatkRta karate hue nimnalikhita zloka sunAyA :yat kaMkaNAbharaNakomalabAhuballisaMgAt kuraMgakadRzornavayauvanAyAH / na svidyasi pracalasi pravikampase tvaM tat satyameva dRSadA nanu nirmito'si // 26 // (prabhAvaka caritra) pRSTha 152 Page #823 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 765 arthAt -he prastara-stambha ! svarNa kaMkaNAdi prAbharaNoM ke kamanIya saMsarga se sukomala huI isa navayauvanA mRganayanI ke bAhuyugala kA AliMgana prApta ho jAne ke pazcAta bhI na to tuma meM koI svedakaNa utpanna huA hai, na tuma kiMcitmAtra bhI calAyamAna hue ho aura na tumhAre aMga meM kisI prakAra kA kampana hI utpanna huA hai| yaha saba dekhakara merI to yahI samajha meM AyA hai ki tuma patthara-hRdaya ho-aura are hAM, tuma ! vastutaH patthara se hI to nirmita ho / isa para sahasrakaMThoM se prakaTa hue sUrAcArya ke jayaghoSoM se evaM unake sAdhuvAdoM se govindasUri ke caitya kI nATyazAlA aura gaganAMgaraNa sabhI punaH punaH pratidhvanita ho utthe| rAjA bhIma ke amAtya bhI vahAM upasthita the| una amAtyoM ko bar3I prasannatA huI / unhoMne tatkAla rAjA ko jAkara nivedana kiyA ki govindAcArya ke pAsa eka adbhuta pratibhAzAlI aisA mahAkavi hai jo rAjA bhoja kI prAryA kA samucita pratyuttara dene meM sarvathA samartha hai| rAjA ne kahA- "are ! govindAcArya to hamAre sAtha bar3A hI sauhArdra rakhane vAle sari haiN| usa kavi kA sammAna karake use aura usake guru ko yahAM laao|" govinda sari ke sAtha sUrAcArya ko dekhakara rAjA bar3A prasanna huA aura bolA- "are ye to mere mAmA ke putra haiM ata: mere ye laghubhrAtA hI haiN| ye asambhava ko bhI sambhava karane meM sarvathA sakSama haiN|" sarAcArya prAzIrvAda pradAna ke pazcAt rAjA dvArA pradatta prAsana para baiTha gaye / rAna sabhA ke vidvAnoM ne rAjA bhoja dvArA usake pradhAnoM ke sAtha bhejI huI gAthA sUrAcArya ko sunaaii| usa gAthA ko sunate hI-"isake uttara meM vilamba kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai, yaha to bar3A hI puNyodaya kA prasaMga hai"-yaha kahate hue sUrAcArya ne nimnalikhita gAthA kA ghanarava gambhIra svara meM uccAraNa kiyA : aMdhayasuyANakAlo bhImo puhavIi nimmino vihinnaa| jeNa sayaM pi na gaNiyaM kA gaNaNA tujjha ikkassa / / 33 / / (prabhAvaka caritra pRSTha 153) arthAt aMdhe dhRtarASTra ke sau putroM ke liye kAla ke samAna bhIma kA nirmANa vidhi ne isa pRthvI para kara diyA hai, jisane dhRtarASTra ke sau putroM kI bhI avahelanA avamAnanA karate hue unakA prANAMta kara diyaa| usa bhIma ke samakSa terI akele kI kyA ginatI hai ? Page #824 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 766 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa --bhAga 3 rAjA bhoja ke garva ko kSaNa bhara meM dhalisAta kara dene vAle isa atIva sundara uttara ko sunate hI sabhI sabhya harSavibhora ho utthe| sabane samaveMta svaroM meM sUrAcArya kI pratyadbhut kavitvazakti aura pratyutpannamatisampannatA kI prazaMsA kii| mahArAja kI prasannatA aura prAntarika prAtmatuSTi kA to koI pArAvAra hI nahIM rahA / usane tatkAla apane rAjapuruSoM ko bheja kara mAlavarAja bhoja ke pradhAnapuruSoM ko apanI rAjasabhA meM bulAyA aura sUrAcArya dvArA nirmita gAthA unake hAtha meM rakhate hue kahA :- "sarasvatI ke paramopAsaka mAlavarAja ko merI ora se yaha samarpita kara denaa|" yaha kahakara rAjA bhIma ne unheM sasammAna vidA kiyaa| bhoja bhUpAla ke viziSTa rAjapuruSoM ne dhArA kI ora prasthAna kiyA, aura vahAM pahuMca kara unhoMne gurjareza bhIma kA vaha patra apane svAmI kI sevA meM samarpita kiyaa| usa gAthA ko par3hate hI rAjA bhoja avAk aura stabdha raha gyaa| adbhut kavitva zakti ke camatkAra se camatkRta rAjA bhoja ke mukha se sahasA ye bhAva udgata ho uThe :--"dhanya hai vaha gurjara deza, jahAM isa prakAra ke adbhuta pratibhAzAlI kavi usa dharA ke zRMgAra ke samAna vidyamAna hai / isa prakAra ke ucca koTi ke kaviyoM ke vaibhava se sampanna deza ko kauna parAjita kara sakatA hai|" udhara rAjA bhIma ne kRtajJatAbhare zabdoM meM sUrAcArya ko bar3e sammAna ke sAtha vidA karate hue kahA :-"pApa jaise pratyutpannamati ucca koTi ke kavi ke yahAM rahate hue vidvAnoM ke vizAla samUha se parivRtta bhoja merA kyA kara sakatA hai|" guru droNa ne apanI ziSya maNDalI ko sabhI vidyAnoM meM niSNAta karane ke liye sUrAcArya ko unake zikSaNa-dIkSaNa prAdi kA kAryabhAra sauNpaa| sUrAcArya bar3e parizrama ke sAtha una sAdhanoM ko par3hAne lge| jaTila se jaTila viSaya bhI una ziSyoM ke sahaja hI samajha meM A jAya isa prakAra vizad vivecanapUrvaka sUrAcArya una sAdhunoM ko pddh'aate| par3hAye hue granthoM meM se parIkSArtha pUchane para yadi koI zikSArthI sAdhu kiMcitmAtra bhI truTi kara detA to sUrAcArya ke krodha kI sImA nahIM rhtii| yuvAvasthA aura prakAMDa pAMDitya unake prAveza meM abhivRddhi kara dete aura ve rajoharaNa kI DaMDI se una zikSArthI sAdhuoM ko pITa bhI dete| kahA jAtA hai ki ve pratidina aoghe kI eka DaMDI apane vidyArthiyoM ko pITane meM hI tor3a dete the| isase bhI santuSTa na hokara sUrAcArya ne eka dina apane eka zraddhAlu zrAvaka se kahA ki vaha unake rajoharaNa ke liye eka lohe kI DaMDI bnvaae| yaha sunakara to ziSya sAdha bar3e bhayabhIta hae / yena kena prakAreNa unhoMne vaha dina to vyatIta kiyA / lohe kI DaMDI se piTAI hone ke bhaya se una vidyArthiyoM ko rAtri meM bar3I dera taka nIMda nahIM AI / arddha rAtri ke samaya ve apane guru droNA Page #825 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 'vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 767 cArya kI sevA meM upasthita he| usa asamaya meM sabake sAmUhika rUpa se upasthita hone kA guru dvArA kAraNa pUchane para murAcArya kI sArI bAteM sunAte hue anta meM unhoMne kahA :- "bhagavan ! hama saba ApakI zaraNa meM haiN| hameM bhaya hai ki hamAre upAdhyAya sUrAcArya lohe kI DaMDI se hamArA sira phor3a deNge|" apane ziSyoM se sampUrNa paristhiti ko jAna kara droNAcArya ne unheM prAzvasta karate hae kahA--"sUrAcArya tumhAre sAtha vaira ke kAraNa nahIM apitu tumhAre hI hita ke liye tumheM daMDa dete haiN| unakA Antarika lakSya yahI hai ki tuma samparNa zAstroM kA zIghratApUrvaka adhyayana kara sva-para kalyANa meM sakSama bana jaano| hAM, unhoMne lohe ke DaNDe ke prayoga kI jo bAta kahI hai vaha to hamAre zramaNa dharma ke hI viruddha hai / maiM sUrAcArya ko acchI taraha se samajhA dUMgA ki vaha tumhAre sAtha isa prakAra vyavahAra na kre|" apane guru ke isa kathana se Azvasta hokara ve sAdhu-ziSya apane-apane sthAna para jAkara so gaye / sUrAcArya bhI kucha kSaNoM pazcAt guru kI sevA meM guru kI sevAsuzra SA karane ke liye upasthita hue| unhoMne guru ko vandana kiyA / kintu kRtrima kopa ko iMgita se prakaTa karate hue guru droNa ne unakI vandanA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| yaha dekhakara sUrAcArya ne vinayapUrvaka apane guru se pUchA :-"Arya ! prAja mujhe sadA kI bhAMti prApakA kRpA prasAda prApta nahIM ho rahA hai| ApakI aprasannatA kA kAraNa kyA hai ?" guru droNa ne kahA :--"loha daNDa to yamarAja kA zastra hai na ki paMca mahAvratadhArI sAdhunoM kA; kyoMki hiMsAkArI hone ke sAtha hI sAtha loha daMDa parigraha kI paridhi meM bhI prAjAtA hai / Adi kAla se lekara Aja taka kyA kisI upAdhyAya ne apane ziSya varga ko lohadaNDa se daNDita kiyA hai ? zikSArthI varga ke hRdaya ko vidIrNa kara dene vAlI isa prakAra kI bhAvanA tumhArI baddhi meM kaise prAI ? yaha bar3e pAzcarya kI bAta hai|" sUrAcArya tatkAla sArI sthiti samajha gye| unhoMne khar3e hokara apane guru ke samakSa sAMjali zISa jhukAte hue vinIta svara meM kahA :-"pUjya gurudeva ! prApakA varada hasta sadA mere sira para rahA hai| Aja Apake mana meM yaha AzaMkA kaise utpanna ho gaI ki maiM loha daMDa se apane zikSArthiyoM ko daMDita kruuNgaa| jisa prakAra lakar3I kI DaMDI se zikSArthI ke zarIra para prahAra kiyA jAtA hai usa prakAra lohe ke DaMDe se sAdhu zikSArthiyoM para prahAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha to kevala unake mana meM bhaya utpanna karane ke liye hI kiyA gayA hai, jisase ki ve zIghrAtizIghra saba vidyAoM Page #826 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 768 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 aura zAstroM ke pAragAmI vidvAn bana jAyaM / mujhe to kevala yahI cintA hai ki prApakA yaha ziSya varga kisa prakAra zIghrAtizIghra merI vidyA ko grahaNa kara jinazAsana prabhAvaka mahAn zramaraNa baneM / " guru droNa ne kahA :- " sUra! saba meM guraNa samAna rUpa se nahIM hote / mahAn puruSoM meM jo guNa the unameM se karor3avAM aMza bhI Aja hama meM nahIM hai / isaliye guNa athavA jJAna kA mana kisI ko nahIM karanA cAhiye / " sUrAcArya ne isa para vinayapUrvaka nivedana kiyA :- "bhagavan ! mujhe kisI bAta kA koI garva nahIM hai / merI to sadA se yaho Antarika icchA rahI hai ki mere dvArA par3hAye hue ye sAdhu deza ke kone-kone meM vihAra kara anya darzanoM ke vAdiyoM para zAstrArtha meM vijaya prApta kreN| sUrya kI kiraNoM ke samAna hI ye sAdhu ApakI kiraNeM banakara saMsAra meM vyApta jar3atA kA samUloccheda kara deM / jJAna kA prakAza phailAveM jisase ki ApakI yazokIrti diga - diganta meM vyApta ho jAya aura jinazAsana kI jayapatAkA samagra dharA ke kSitija para laharAe / " guru ne kahA :- " prabhI adhyayana meM nirata ina bAlakoM kI bAta to chor3o / aneka vidyAnoM meM prakAMDa pADitya prApta karake bhI kyA tuma rAjA bhoja kI sabhA ko vijita karake yahAM zrAye ho ?" sUrAcArya ne kahA :- " bhagavan ! prApakA yaha Adeza zirodhArya hai / Apake isa prAdeza ko jaba taka maiM pUrNa nahIM kara lUMgA taba taka maiM kisI bhI prakAra kI koI bhI vikRti ( ghRta dugdha dadhyAdi) graharaNa nahIM karUMgA / " tadanantara ve apane guru ko praNAma kara apane sthAna para jAkara so gaye / prAtaHkAla sUrAcArya ne apane zikSArthI sAdhunoM se kahA :- "Aja pradhyApana kA pravakAza rahegA / " bAla svabhAva ke kAraNa choTe sAdhu bar3e prasanna hue / madhyAnha meM sAdhunoM dvArA prahAra lAye jAne para droNAcArya ne sUrAcArya ko bulAyA / sUrAcArya tatkAla sevA meM upasthita hue / para unhoMne kisI bhI vikRti arthAt ghRta Adi ko grahaNa nahIM kiyA / droNAcArya ne samajhAyA / anya vayovRddha gItArtha sAdhunoM ne bho unheM samajhAyA / antatogatvA catuvidha saMgha ne bhI unheM yatkicit vikRtiyAM grahaNa karate rahane kA prAgrahapUrNa anurodha kiyA kintu sUrAcArya apanI pratijJA para aTala rhe| unhoMne kahA :- "yadi isa viSaya meM mujhe aura kucha kahA gayA to maiM anazana kara lUMgA / " Page #827 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 766 eka dina droNAcArya ne katipaya gItArtha yuvA sAdhuoM ke sAtha sUrAcArya ko dhArAnagarI jAne kI anujJA pradAna kI / guru droNa ne apane priya ziSya sUra ko apane vakSasthala se lagAte hue sudUra pradeza kI yAtrA ke liye vidAI dete samaya jo zikSA dI jAtI hai vaha zikSA dii| unhoMne kahA :--"vatsa ! sadA sudUrastha kSetroM ke vihAra ke samaya sajaga rahanA / tuma meM mahApuruSa ke yogya saba guraNa haiN| tumane indriyoM ko bhI vaza meM kiyA hai| kintu sadA isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA ki yuvAvasthA sadA sabake liye avizvasanIya hotI hai|" ___ guru ke upadezoM ko zirodhArya kara aura unakI anujJA prApta kara sUrAcArya bhIma bhUpAla kI rAja sabhA meM unase vidA lene gye| rAjA ne ratnajaTita siMhAsana para biThAkara sUrAcArya kA bar3A sammAna kiyaa| sayoga aisA huA ki usI samaya mAlava rAja bhoja ke pradhAna puruSa rAjA bhIma kI sabhA meM upasthita hue aura nivedana kiyA--"mahArAja bhoja Apake yahAM ke vidvAnoM kI apratima pratibhA se atIva prasanna haiM / ve Apake yahAM ke vidvAnoM ko dekhane ke liye bar3e utkaMThita haiM / ataH kRpA kara Apa apane yahAM ke vidvAnoM ko rAjA bhoja kI sabhA meM hamAre sAtha dhArAnagarI bhejeN|" rAjA bhIma ne kahA :--"ye mere mamere bhAI mahA vidvAn haiM / kintu ye mujhe prANoM se bhI priya haiM / isaliye inheM dUrastha deza meM bhejane ke liye merA antarmana sAkSI nahIM detA / phira bhI yadi Apake svAmI merI hI taraha inakA Adara satkAra karane, svayaM inake samakSa prAkara inakA nagara praveza Adi karavAne aura inheM sammAnapUrvaka rakhane kA prAzvAsana deM to maiM inheM Apake yahAM bheja sakatA huuN|" "rAjA bhoja kI ora se Apake yahAM ke vidvAnoM kA pUrNa rUpeNa sucAru rUpa se sammAna kiyA jAyagA aura jaisA Apane cAhA hai vaisA hI kiyA jAyagA"isa prakAra AzvAsana bhoja ke una pradhAna puruSoM dvArA dilAye jAne para rAjA bhIma ne apanI ora se sUrAcArya ko mAlava deza jAne kI svIkRti pradAna kii| sarAcArya ne vicAra kiyA :--'mere gurudeva kI kRpA se Aja yaha zubha saMyoga anAyAsa hI milA hai ki idhara maiM jAne ko udyata thA aura udhara rAjA bhoja kA nimantraNa bhI prApta ho gyaa| unhoMne rAjA bhIma se kahA :--"rAjA bhoja ke yahAM kI kavitA ko maiMne dekhA aura usakA uttara bhI diyA aura maiM aba Apase vidA hokara svayaM rAjA bhoja ke pAsa jA rahA huuN| yaha saMsAra bar3A vicitra hai| hama samatAdhArI sAdhunoM ke liye kahIM koI kautuka evaM bhaya kI bAta nahIM hotii| mujhe kahIM kisI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM hogA / Apa cintA na kreN|" rAjA bhIma ne sUrAcArya se pUchA-"Apa vahAM rAjA bhoja kI stuti kisa prakAra kareMge ?" Page #828 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 770 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 3 __sUrAcArya ne uttara diyA :-- "muni rAjA kI stuti kisa kAraNa aura kyoM karane lagA ?" rAjA bhIma ne eka hAthI pAMca sau azvArohI sainika aura eka hajAra padAti sainikoM ke sAtha sUrAcArya ko vidA dii| rAjA bhoja ke pradhAna puruSoM aura rAjA bhIma ke sainikoM ke sAtha vihAra karate hue sUrAcArya kucha hI dinoM meM gujarAta aura mAlava kI sImA sandhi para phuNce| rAjA ke pradhAna puruSoM ne jaba apane svAmI rAjA bhoja ko sarAcArya ke Agamana kI sUcanA dI to rAjA bhoja apane pradhAnAmAtyoM aura dalabala ke sAtha svayaM sUrAcArya ke svAgatArtha mAlava sImA para upasthita huaa| zramaNAcAra ke anusAra kisI bhI sAdha kA gaja Adi para baiThanA niSiddha hai / tathApi rAjAmAtyoM ke Agraha para prAyazcitta kara lene ke saMkalpa ke sAtha sUrAcArya hAthI para baiThakara mAlava rAja kI sImA kI ora baDhe / eka dUsare ke sammukha hone para gajArUDha rAjA bhoja ne sUrAcArya ko, aura sarAcArya ne rAjA bhoja ko dekhA aura ve donoM hAthI se utara pdd'e| donoM paraspara bhAI-bhAI kI taraha gale mile / rAjA ne pUre sammAna aura prAdara ke sAtha sUrAcArya kA nagara praveza krvaayaa| dhArAnagarI ke madhyabhAga meM eka ati vizAla sundara jaina vihAra thA / sUrAcArya usa vihAra meM gae aura rAjA bhoja apane rAjabhavana meM gaye / jaina vihAra meM sthita mandira meM pratimA ke darzana karane ke pazcAt sUrAcArya vahAM ke adhiSThAtA prAcArya bUTasarasvatI ke vidyAlaya-kakSa meM gaye, jahAM ki cAroM ora jJAna kA prakAza hote rahane ke kAraNa ajJAnAndhakAra kA kahIM araNamAtra bhI dikhAI nahIM de rahA thA aura jo zikSArthiyoM ke svAdhyAyaghoSa se gujarita ho rahA thaa| ___ sUrAcArya ko dekhate hI bUTa sarasvatI ne sammukha jAkara praNAma karate hue unakA svAgata satkAra kiyA aura Azrama ke ziSyoM ne bhI svAgata ghoSoM se gagana ko gujarita karate hue unake prati apanI asIma zraddhA bhakti prakaTa kii| tadanantara zuddha eSaNIya AhAra-pAna dekara unheM bhaktipUrvaka bhojana kraayaa| una dinoM rAjA bhoja ke mana meM sabhI dharmoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane kI eka adamya lahara uThI huI thii| usane apane nagara ke chahoM hI darzanoM ke sabhI pramakhoM ko bulavAkara kahA :-."Apa loga hI vastutaH saba logoM ko bhrAnti meM DAla rahe ho / Apake eka dUsare se bhinna prAcAra-vicAra isa bAta ke pramANa haiN| isaliye Page #829 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1060 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 771 Apa chahoM darzanoM ke loga eka sAtha baiThakara vicAra vinimaya karo aura saba darzanoM ko milAkara eka sarva sammata darzana kA svarUpa hamAre sAmane prastuta karo, jisase ki hama logoM ko kincitmAtra bhI sandeha na ho ki yaha saca hai athavA vaha / vaha jhUTha hai athavA yh|" mantriyoM ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA ki "kyA Aja taka prAcIna rAjAoM meM se kisI eka ne bhI isa prakAra kA prayAsa kiyA hai aura kyA vidhAtA bhI saba darzanoM kA samanvaya karane meM kabhI samartha rahA hai ?" rAjA bhoja ne prazna ke uttara meM prati prazna kiyA :--"kyA paramAra vaMza ke andara kabhI koI aisA rAjA hA hai, jisane apanI zakti se gaur3a pradeza sahita dakSiNApatha para apanA zAsana sthApita kiyA ho ?" una logoM ko niruttara dekhakara rAjA ne apane bhRtyoM se nagara ke sahasroM pramukha strI-puruSoM ko ekatrita kara eka vizAla bhavana meM banda kara diyA aura yaha kahA ki jaba taka tuma saba logoM meM sarvasammata eka darzana para mataikya nahIM ho jAegA, taba taka tuma logoM ko khAne ke lie kucha bhI nahIM diyA jaaygaa| saba loga bhUkhoM marane lage aura isa bAta para sabakA mataikya ho gayA ki apane prANoM kI rakSA kisa prakAra kI jAya / jaina darzana ke prAcArya hone ke kAraNa sUrAcArya bhI vahAM upasthita the| sabhI darzanoM ke pramukhoM ne unase nivedana kiyA :--"rAjA saba darzanoM ko eka rUpa meM dekhanA cAhatA hai| para aisA na kabhI bhUtakAla meM huA hai aura na kabhI bhaviSya meM hI hogA / Apa gurjara deza ke vidvAn haiM / ataH Apa apanI vacana cAturI se rAjA ko isa prakAra kA kadAgraha chor3ane ke liye rAjI kiijiye| isa prakAra hajAroM logoM ko prANadAna dekara Apa asIma puNya kA upArjana kara skeNge|" sUrAcArya ne kahA :-"hama loga to atithi kI taraha sudUra pradeza se yahAM Aye haiN| aisI sthiti meM rAjA merI bAta mAne athavA na mAne, kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / tathApi sabhI darzana hamAre liye AdaraNIya rahe haiN| ataH isa saMkaTa se mukti ke liye yathAzakya meM prayatna kruuNgaa|" eka mantrI ke mAdhyama se sUrarSi ne rAjA bhoja se kahalavAyA :-"rAjan ! hamAre yahAM Ane ke thor3I dera pazcAt hI Apa cale gaye the| isa kAraNa abhI taka hama donoM kI koI khAsa bAta nahIM ho pAI hai| kintu sabhI darzanoM ke sahasroM logoM kI anukampA ke kAraNa maiM Apase kucha nivedana karanA cAhatA huuN| yadi Apa sunanA cAheM to avasara deN|" Page #830 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 772 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 rAjA kI anumati prApta ho jAne para sUrAcArya mantriyoM ke sAtha rAja bhavana meM pahuMce / jAte hI unhoMne rAjA se kahA :- "rAjan ! atithiyoM kA prAtithya satkAra bar3e adbhuta DhaMga se Apane kiyA hai / para yaha satkAra Apane ucita hI kiyA hai kyoMki tapasviyoM ke liye tapa hI sarvasva hai / maiM koI apane kArya se Apake pAsa nahIM AyA hUM / Apane saba darzana vAloM ko yahAM eka taraha se bandI banA rakhA hai / yaha mere hRdaya meM khaTaka rahA hai / ataH maiM aba apanI janmabhUmi ko lauTa rahA hUM / maiM Apase kevala yahI pUchanA cAhatA hUM ki gurjara bhUmi meM lauTane para vahAM ke loga dhArA nagarI ke sambandha meM aneka prakAra kA vivaraNa pUcheMge to maiM unheM kyA batAUM ?" rAjA bhoja ne uttara diyA :- "Apa atithiyoM ke sammukha meM kucha bhI nahIM kahatA / maiM to ina darzana vAloM se hI pUchatA hUM ki tumhArI paraspara bhinnatA kA kyA kAraNa hai ? dhArA ke svarUpa kA jahAM taka sambandha hai, vaha svarUpa meM Apake sammukha prastuta karatA hUM / use Apa dhyAna se suniye / caurAsI jahAM para gaganacumbI vizAla prAsAda paMktiyAM haiM, pratyeka prAsAda paMkti meM caurAsI- caurAsI catuSpatha ( caurAhe ) haiM / isI prakAra nagarI meM caurAsI haTToM ( bAjAroM) kA nirmANa isa dhArAnagarI meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha hai dhArAnagarI kA svarUpa / " isa para sUrAcArya ne pUchA :- "rAjan ! ina caurAsI bAjAroM kA eka hI bAjAra banA dIjiye | ina bahuta se bAjAroM kA kyA prayojana ? caurAsI bAjAroM ke sthAna para eka hI bAjAra banA diye jAne se logoM ko idhara-udhara bhinna-bhinna bAjAroM meM bhaTakanA bhI nahIM par3egA aura eka hI bAjAra meM unheM yathepsita vastueM mila jAyeMgI / " rAjA ne kahA :- " bhinna-bhinna vastuoM ke grAhakoM ke eka hI sthAna para ekatrita hone se bar3I bAdhA aura avyavasthA ho jaaygii| isI vicAra se maiMne ina caurAsI bAjAroM kA pRthak-pRthak nirmANa karavAyA hai / ' " yaha sunate hI sUrAcArya ne vinodapUrNa mudrA meM kahA :- "mahArAja ! Apa itane bar3e vidvAn haiM to Apa isa bAta para vicAra kyoM nahIM karate ki jaba apane banAye hue ina hAToM ko ina bAjAroM ko tur3avA kara eka kara dene meM grApa akSama haiM to anAdikAla se cale A rahe ina SaDdarzanoM ko naSTa kara eka karane ke liye Apa kyoM udyata ho rahe haiM ? jisa prakAra pRthak-pRthak bAjAroM meM apanI abhIpsita vastu ko lene ke liye loga jAte haiM, ThIka usI prakAra yena-kena-prakAreNa saMsAra ke sukhoM kA upabhoga karane ke icchuka cArvAk darzana ke pAsa, vyAvahArika pratiSThA sukha svargAdi ke icchuka vaidika darzana ke pAsa aura mukti ke icchuka niraMjana nirAkAra kI upAsanA karane vAle tathA jIvadayA para sarvAdhika bala dene vAle jaina darzana ke pAsa aura isI Page #831 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 773 taraha vibhinna uddezyoM kI prApti hetu loga vibhinna darzanoM ke pAsa jaaveNge| cirakAla se rUDha huI aura citta meM ghara kI huI mAnyatAoM meM sabhI loga Abaddha haiN| aisI sthiti meM he rAjana ! Apa hI sociye ki ye sabhI darzana eka kaise ho sakate haiM ?" rAjA ko yaha tarka bar3A yuktisaMgata lgaa| usane apane haThAgraha athavA kadAgraha kA tyAga kara sabhI darzanoM ke pramukhoM ko sasammAna bhojana karavAkara atheccha apane apane sthAna para jAne kI anumati pradAna kara dI) sabhI darzanoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne sUrAcArya ke prati apanI prAntarika kRtajJatA jJApita kI aura isa prakAra sUrAcArya svalpa samaya ke prAvAsa meM hI sampUrNa dhArAnagarI meM vikhyAta ho gaye / sUrAcArya ne bUTasarasvatI prAcArya ke sAtha vahAM ke maTha ke eka upAdhyAya se vidyArthiyoM ke zikSaNa ke sambandha meM bAta karate hae pUchA--"Apake yahAM kauna-kauna me granthoM kA adhyayana karavAyA jAtA hai|" upAdhyAya ne uttara diyA :--"zrI bhojarAja dvArA nirmita vyAkaraNa aura . chanda zAstra kA pramukha rUpa se adhyayana karAyA jAtA hai|" usameM namaskAra ke prathama zloka ko sunAiye--sUrAcArya dvArA yaha bAta kahane para upAdhyAya tathA chAtroM ne nimna zloka kA samaveta svaroM meM uccAraNa kiyaa| caturmukha mukhAmbhojavana haMsavadhUrmama / mAnase ramatAM nityaM zuddhavarNA sarasvatI / / " sUrAcArya ne kAvya vinoda kI mudrA meM utprAsa gabhita bhASA meM kahA :-- "isa prakAra ke vidvAna isI deza meM hote haiN| anyatra nhiiN| hama yaha sunate A rahe haiM ki mAtA sarasvatI brahmacAriNI hai, kumArI hai, parantu Aja Apa logoM ke mukha se hama logoM ko yaha sunane ko milA hai ki vaha vadhU hai| isa stutiparaka zloka meM vadhU zabda ke sAtha hI 'mama mAnase ramatAM' ina zabdoM kA prayoga kyoM kiyA gayA hai ?" upAdhyAya isa kathana kA uttara dene meM pUrNata: prakSama thA isaliye idhara-udhara kI bAtoM meM usane yena kena prakAreNa samaya vyatIta kiyaa| sandhyA samaya usa upAdhyAya ne rAjA bhoja ke samakSa upasthita ho maTha meM hue sUrAcArya ke sAtha ke vArtAlApa se avagata krvaayaa| rAjA bhoja ko bar3A vismaya huaa| Page #832 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 774 ] 1 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 usane dUsare dina bUTa sarasvatI ke sAtha sUrAcArya ko rAja sabhA meM nimantrita kiyaa| ve donoM rAjA bhoja kI sabhA meM upasthita hue / rAjA ne rAjasabhA ke pArzvanAtha prAMgaNa meM eka zilA rakhavA dI aura gurjara bhUmi ke nivAsI sUrAcArya ko apanA adbhuta pauruSa dikhalAne kI prAkAMkSA se usa zilA meM eka chidra karavAkara use zilA ke samAna hI varNa vAle padArthoM se banda karavA diyaa| rAjA ne sUrAcArya ko jyoMhI rAjasabhA meM Ate hue dekhA tyoMhI dhanuSa para zarasandhAna kara pratyancA ko kAna taka khIMcate hue usa zilA para bANa chor3A / chidra ko pAra karatA huA bAraNa dUra calA gyaa| aura sabako spaSTataH dRSTigocara hone lagA ki rAjA ne zara se zilA ko viddha kara diyA hai| sUrAcArya kI tIkSNa dRSTi se vaha chala chipA nahIM raha sakA aura unhoMne tatkAla gUDhArtha bhare nimnalikhita zloka kA ghanarava gambhIra sumadhura svara meM uccAraNa kiyA : viddhA viddhA zileyaM bhavatu paramataH kArmukakrIDitena / zrImanpASANabhedavyasana rasikatA maMca muMca prasIda | ve kautUhalaM cet kulazikharikulaM bAraNalakSIkaroSi / dhvastAdhArA dharitrI nRpatilaka ! tadA yAti pAtAlamUlam / / " arthAt - he zrIman ! zrApane isa zilA kA vedha kara diyA hai / kintu aba Age isa bhAMti kI zarasandhAna - krIDA se dUra hI raha kara patthara ko phor3a DAlane vAle vyasana meM kRpA kara abhiruci chor3a denA / agara vedha meM hI Apako kautUhala kI anubhUti hotI hai to paramAra kula ke pavitra arbudagiri ko apane bANa kA lakSya nAnA jisase ki he nRpa ziromaNi ! dhArA nagarI sahita sampUrNa dharatI pAtAla ke gahanatama tala meM calI jAya / sUrAcArya ke isa prakAra ke adbhuta varNana sAmarthya se bhojarAja bar3A santuSTa huaa| vahIM sabhA meM upasthita rAjA bhoja kI rAjasabhA ke ratna mahA jaina kavi dhanapAla ko bhI yaha vidita ho gayA ki vastutaH sUrAcArya apratihata prajJA ke dhanI haiM / inake sammukha kalpanA cAturI, kAvya kauzala, vidvattA Adi guNoM meM koI vidvAn Thahara nahIM sakatA / kavi dhanapAla ne tatkAla hI bhoja bhUpAla ke mukha para ubhare kSaNika zrAkAroM se yaha bhAMpa liyA ki gUDhokti meM niSNAta isa jainAcArya ko kisa prakAra se jItA jAya / rAjA ne sUrAcArya kA bar3A sammAna kiyaa| sUrAcArya apane nivAsa para lauTa Aye / Page #833 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 775 rAjA ne apane mantraNAkakSa meM sabhI vidvAnoM ko ekatrita kara unase kahA-- "yaha gurjaradezavAsI jaina prAcArya yahAM AyA hai / kyA isake sAtha zAstrArtha karane meM Apa meM se koI vidvAn sakSama hai ? vahAM upasthita pAMca sau paMDitoM meM se pratyeka kI grIvA jhuka gii| rAjA ko bar3A kheda huaa| rAjA ne kahA :-- "kyA mere saba paMDita gehenardI hI haiM jo rAjya dvArA dI gaI vRtti se apanA aura apane parivAra kA kevala bharaNa-poSaNa karate haiM aura vyartha hI apane Apako vidvAn batAte haiM ?'' vidvad samAja ke liye isa udvignakArI sthiti se dukhita hokara eka vidvAn ne rAjA se kahA : "svAmin ! Apa itane nirAza na hoN| yaha dharatI ratnagarbhA hai / ye gurjaravAsI jaina sAdhu vastutaH durjeya hote haiN| inheM sIdhI rAha nahIM jItA jA sktaa| inheM jItane ke liye to koI na koI gUr3ha upAya karanA hogaa| isake lie 16 varSa taka kI umra ke kisI kuzAgra buddhivAle chAtra ko bulavAyA jAya aura usako kisI prakAMDa paMDita ke mAdhyama se pramANa zAstroM kA zikSaNa dilAyA jaay|" yaha sunakara rAjA bhoja ko bar3I prasannatA huii| usane kahA- "aisA hI ho / para isa kArya ko tumhIM niSpanna kro|" eka saumya meghAvI, vAkpaTu, tIvra buddhi, laghu vaya ke bAlaka ko DhUMDhakara lAyA gayA aura use tarka zAstra kA adhyayana karavAyA gayA / usane svalpa samaya meM hI tarka zAstra meM bar3I nipuNatA prApta karalI / rAjA ne zAstrArtha ke liye zubha muharta nikalavAyA aura vAda karane meM zUra sUrAcArya ko usa nUtana bAla paMDita se zAstrArtha ke lie nimantrita kiyaa| sUrAcArya ke vAda hetu rAjya sabhA meM upasthita hone para rAjA bhoja ne sUrAcArya ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :-"vidvan ! aApake samakSa vAda ke lie samudyata yaha bAla paMDita prApakA prativAdI hai|" usa alpavayaska chAtra paMDita kI ora dekhate hue sUrAcArya ne kahA :"rAjan aparipakvAvasthA ke kAraNa isa bAla samajhe jAne vAle paMDita kI vANI bhI abhI paripakva nahIM huI hai / zAstrArtha ke niyamAnusAra vAda ke lie pratispadhiyoM meM vaya. vidyA Adi kI samAnatA honA atyAvazyaka hai| yuvA vAdiyoM ke liye sabhI dRSTiyoM se aparipakva bAla prativAdI ke sAtha zAstrArtha karanA kadApi ucita nahIM, isa bAta ko Apa dhyAna meM lIjiye / " Page #834 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 776 ] [ jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa-bhAga 3 rAjA bhoja ne kahA : -- "maharSin ! kevala vaya aura vapu ko dekhakara hI Apa yaha mata samajha lIjiye ki yaha zizu hai| Apa vizvAsa rakhiye ki isa zizu ke rUpa meM sAkSAt vAgvAdinI devI sarasvatI hI isa rAjyasabhA meM Apake samakSa zAstrArtha ke lie samupasthita hai / merA yaha dRr3ha mata hai ki isa sarasvatI svarUpa prativAdI ko Apake dvArA jIta liye jAne para maiM mAna lagA ki Apane merI rAjasabhA ko jIta liyA hai|" sUrAcArya ne gambhIra svara meM kahA :-"astu, yadi ApakA yahI nirNaya hai to vaha mujhe svIkAra hai / kintu zAstrArtha ke niyamAnusAra vAdI prativAdiyoM meM vaya kI dRSTi se laghu ho, usI ko apanA pUrvapakSa sarvaprathama rakhane kA adhikAra hotA hai / isa paramparAgata niyama ke anusAra yaha bAlaka prativAdI vAda ke lie apanA pUrvapakSa pahale prastuta kre|" sUrAcArya kI bAta sunate hI usa bAla vAdI ne virAma, alpavirAma, vibhakti, pada, vAkya prAdi kI ora koI dhyAna na dete hue apane raTe-raTAye pATha ko dhArA-pravAha rUpa se bolate hue apanA pUrvapakSa rkhaa| prativAdI ke mukha se isa prakAra ke uccAraNa ko sunakara sUrAcArya tatkAla samajha gaye ki raTe hue pAThoM ko binA usakA artha samajhe hI yaha bAla paMDita bola rahA hai / ise yaha bhI bodha nahIM hai ki yaha pATha zuddha hai athavA azuddha / jaba vaha bAla prativAdI dratagati se raTA hA pATha bolatA hI calA gayA to ucita samajhate hae bIca meM Tokate hue sarAcArya ne use kahA-"mahAnubhAva ! mApane jo antima vAkya kA uccAraNa kiyA hai, vaha vastuta: azuddha hai / kRpayA use punaH boliye|" bAlaka prativAdI ne bAlasvabhAvavazAta apanI smaraNa zakti para aTala AsthA prakaTa karate hue saralamana se saccAI prakaTa karate hue tatkAla uttara diyA"maiM dRr3ha vizvAsa ke sAtha kahatA hUM ki jaisA paTTikA para likha kara mujhe diyA gayA hai, vahI meM bola rahA huuN|" prativAdI kA vAstavika svarUpa prakaTa ho jAne para ki vAda ke liye jaisA use raTAyA gayA hai, vahI vaha akSaraza: bola rahA hai, sabhI sabhya stabdha raha gye| sUrAcArya ne rahasyapUrNa prazna kiyA :-"mAlaveza ! Apake mAlava pradeza meM kyA isI prakAra kA zAstrArtha hotA hai ? maiMne mAlava pradeza ko bhalI-bhAMti dekha liyA hai aura yahAM ke maNDakoM (laghu golAkAra moTI roTI) kA rasAsvAdana bhI kara liyA hai|" Page #835 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 777 isa prakAra rAjA bhoja kI rAjasabhA ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita evaM niruttara kara sUrAcArya tatkAla apane prAvAsa kI ora prasthita hue| rahasya ke prakaTa ho jAne kI glAni aura vAda meM parAjaya ke zoka se pIr3ita rAjA bhoja ne tatkAla rAjasabhA ko visarjita kara diyA aura svayaM mantraNAkakSa meM calA gyaa| prAcArya baTa sarasvatI ne apane atithi sarAcArya se kahA- "vidvada ziromaNe! ApakI vAgmitA evaM vidvattA se jina zAsana kI prabhAvanA huI hai, isakA sammAna bar3hA hai, isa bAta kI to mujhe bar3I sukhAnubhUti ho rahI hai kintu prApakA jIvana aba saMkaTa meM hai| ApakI usa Asanna mRtyu kI AzaMkA se mujhe bar3A duHkha ho rahA hai| kyoMki rAjA bhoja vastutaH apanI sabhA ko jIta lene vAle vidvAn ko apane svabhAva ke anusAra yena-kena-prakAreNa maravA hI detA hai| kyA kiyA jAya ? yahAM jaya athavA parAjaya, donoM hI sthitiyoM meM hAni hI hAni hai, lAbha to kicitmAtra bhI nhiiN|" sUrAcArya ne bUTa sarasvatI ko Azvasta karate hue kahA- "Apa kisI bAta kI cintA mata kiijiye| maiM isa sahasA utpanna prANasaMkaTa se avazyameva prAtmarakSA kara luugaa|" ___ usI samaya mahAkavi dhanapAla dvArA bhejA gayA unakA eka vizvasta puruSa maTha meM AyA aura usane sUrAcArya ko apane svAmI kA sandeza sunAte hue kahA -- "pUjyavara ! Apa pUrNata: guptarUpeNa zIghra hI mere ghara para cale Aiye / isa rAjA kA koI vizvAsa nahIM hai| isakI prasannatA bhI antatogatvA bar3I bhayAnaka hotI hai| jisakA anumAna bhI nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| Apa jaise vidvAn vastutaH hamArI Arya gharA ke sabhI pradezoM ke zRMgAra haiN| Apa jaisoM ke darzana mere jaise akiMcanoM ko pUrvAjita prabala puNyoM ke pratApa se hI hote haiN| mere yahAM cale pAne ke pazcAta Apako kucha bhI nahIM karanA hogA, maiM svayaM hI sampUrNa samucita vyavasthA kara duuNgaa| aura Apako sakuzala evaM sukhapUrvaka gurjara bhUmi meM pahuMcA duuNgaa|" apane svAmI kA yaha sandeza sunA kara dhanapAla kA vaha vizvAsapAtra turanta apane svAmI ke pAsa lauTa gyaa| prAtaHkAla sUryodaya se pUrva hI mAlava senA ke azvArohiyoM ne sUrAcArya ke nivAsasthala bane usa sampUrNa maTha ko cAroM ora se ghera liyaa| unakA nAyaka bUTa sarasvatI ke pAsa Akara kahane lagA - "sAdhu logoM ke bhAgya kA udaya huA hai| Apa logoM ko mAlavezvara mahArAja bhoja prasanna hokara jayapatra pradAna kreNge| ataH prativAdI ko parAjita kara dene vAle hamAre atithi sUrAcArya ko rAjasabhA meM bhejiye|" Page #836 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 778 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 bUTa sarasvatI ne apanI cintA ko antarmana meM chupAte huye kahA :"prvshy| aisA hI karUMgA / " nAyaka maTha ke cAroM ora gherA DAle DaTA rahA / maTha kA AvAgamana pUrNarUperaNa avaruddha kara diyA gayA thaa| na to koI maTha ke andara se bAhara jA sakatA thA aura na bAhara se koI bhI vyakti maTha ke andara praveza kara sakatA thA / jaba madhyAhna meM sUrya apanI pracaNDa kiraNoM se gharAtala ko pratapta kara rahA thA, usa samaya sUrAcArya ne eka vayovRddha sAdhu kI mailI, phaTI cAdara or3ha kara veza parivartana kiyA / paTTa para eka sthUlakAya jarAjIrNa sAdhu ko baiThA kara sUrAcArya eka phaTI purAnI cAdara se apane mastaka evaM grIvA ko Dhaka kara eka ativRddha sAdhu kI bhAMti kamara ko jhukAye maTha se bAhara nikala kara mukhya dvAra kI ora bar3he / dvAra para pahuMcate hI unheM azvArohiyoM ne Tokate hue kahA - "o vRddha ! kahAM jA rahe ho / rAjAjJA hai ki vaha gurjara kavi jaba taka rAjya sabhA meM nahIM pahuMca jAya taba taka kisI ko na to maTha ke andara praveza karane diyA jAya aura na kisI ko maTha se bAhara jAne diyA jAya / bhrataH tuma zIghra hI maTha ke bhItara lauTa jAo / usa gurjaradeza se prAye vidvAn sAdhu ko hameM sauMpa dene ke pazcAt tuma sabhI yatheccha jahAM kahIM jAnA cAho jA sakoge / " yaha sunate hI atIva zAnta, gambhIra para Akroza bharI mudrA meM chadmavezadhArI sUra sUri ne kahA - " rAjAzroM ke samAna zobhA sampanna ve gUrjara kavi andara paTTa para virAjamAna haiM, unako Apa le jA sakate haiM / hama to Apake isa nagara meM Akara bhUkhoM mara rahe haiM / isa prANApahAriNI pracaNDa dhUpa meM pyAsa se mere kaNTha sUkha rahe haiM / isa jarAjarjarita bUr3he sAdhu ko binA pAnI ke to mata marane do, kaho to pAsa hI se pAnI pI zrAUM, tumheM bar3A dharma hogA / " 1 eka azvArohI ko dayA zrA zraI / usane kahA - "acchA, acchA jAo / pAnI pI kara zIghra hI lauTa AnA / " sUrAcArya isa prakAra azvArohiyoM ke ghere se bAhara nikale aura ve sIdhe dhanapAla kavIzvara ke nivAsa sthAna para phuNce| unheM dekhate hI kavi dhanapAla ke harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA / abhivAdanAnantara usane harSagadgad svara meM kahA - "he jinazAsanadivAkara ! yaha sampUrNa jaina jagata kA saubhAgya hI hai ki Apa sakuzala vahAM se yahAM Akara mujhe kRtakRtya evaM paramAnandita kara rahe haiM / " kavi dhanapAla ne gurjara bhUmi kI ora prasthAna karane ke liye samudyata tAmbUlapatroM ke kucha bar3e vyApAriyoM ko apane yahAM Amantrita kiyA / unheM bhojana - pAnAdi Page #837 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI zrAcArya ] [ 776 pAnAdi se sammAnita kara kavi dhanapAla ne unase kahA - " Apa loga abhI tAmbUlapatroM se bhare apane zakaToM ke samUha ke sAtha gurjara bhUmi kI ora prasthAna kara rahe haiM / mere eka bhAI ko bhI kRpayA Apa apane sAtha lete jAiye aura unheM sakuzala ana hillapurapattana nagara meM pahuMcA dIjiye / " tAmbUlapatroM ke vyApAriyoM ne kavi dhanapAla ke prastAva ko saharSa svIkAra kara liyA / mahAkavi dhanapAla ne una vyApAriyoM ko 100 svarNamudrAeM bheMTa kIM / vyApAriyoM ne pAna ke piTAroM ke bIca eka zakaTa meM sUrAcArya ko baiThA diyA / vyApAriyoM ke zakaToM kA samUha gurjarabhUmi kI ora usI samaya prasthita ho gayA / zakaToM ko vahana karane vAle puSTa vRSabha drutagati se gurjara bhUmi kI ora bar3hane lage / udhara pratIkSA se Ubakara bhoja ke sainikoM ne maTha meM praveza kiyaa| unhoMne dekhA ki maTha ke eka vizAla kakSa meM bahumUlya paridhAna pahane eka sthUlakAya sAdhu eka paTTa para baiThA huA hai| sainikoM ke nAyaka ne unhIM vRddha ko sUrAcArya samajha kara, unheM le jAkara rAjA bhoja ke sammukha upasthita kara diyA / usa vRddha santa ko dekha kara ghaTanA kI vAstavikatA mAlaveza kI samajha meM zrA gii| ve bola uThe - "hamArI rAjasabhA ko parAjita kara aura mere sainikoM ko bhI dhokhe meM rakhakara vaha gurjara kavi calA gayA / vaha bar3A pratyutpannamati evaM catura nikalA / " sUrAcArya sakuzala praNahilapura paTTaNa pahuMca gaye / zrAcArya droNa aura rAjA bhIma donoM pratyanta prasanna hue| rAjA bhIma ne eka prazna kiyA - " maharSin ! maiM yaha jAnane ko utkaNThita hUM ki Apane mAlava nareza bhoja kI stuti kisa prakAra kI / " sUrAcArya ne kahA - "rAjan ! maiM zrApa ke atirikta kisI anya kI stuti kaise kara sakatA hUM? maiMne jina zabdoM meM rAjA bhoja kI prazaMsA kI, use dattacitta ho suniye / rAjasabhA meM mere praveza ke samaya rAjA bhoja ne apane durdAnta pauruSa kA mere samakSa pradarzana karane ke lie eka ora rakhI huI zilA para lakSya sAdha kara bAga calAyA aura vaha bAraga zilA-vedha kara dUra jA girA / merI tIkSNa dRSTi se yaha chupA nahIM raha sakA ki usa zilA meM pahale hI cheda kara use zilA ke raMga ke cUrNoM se bar3I caturAI ke sAtha bhara diyA gayA thaa| maiMne rAjA kI jisa zloka se prazaMsA kI usake do artha hote haiM / pahalA yaha ki Apane zilAvedha kara diyA, para aba bhaviSya meM kabhI isa prakAra kI dhanukrIr3A mata karanA / pASAraNa-bhedana kI apanI isa rasikatA kA praba tyAga hI karadeM to acchA hai / anyathA pASANabhedana kA ApakA yaha vyasana uttarottara bar3hatA hI jAyagA aura antatogatvA bhaya isa bAta kA hai ki Apa apane kulaparvata arbuda parvatAdhirAja para bhI zaraprahAra kara baiTheMge / Apake zaraprahAra se arbudagiri ke Page #838 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 780 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 pAtAla meM praviSTa hote hI ApakI yaha dhArA nagarI aura sampUrNa dharitrI pAtAla ke gahanatama tala meM cale jAyeMge / isa zloka kA dUsarA artha yaha hotA hai ki pahale se hI viddha kI huI isa zilA ke chidra ko lakSya kara Apane bAraga calAyA aura isa zilA kA vedha kara diyA / pUrva meM kiye hue chidra ko lakSya kara zilAvedha karane se kisI bhI dhanurdhara kA parAkrama prakaTa nahIM hotA / ataH isa prakAra kI chalapUrNa dhanukrIr3A kA parityAga hI kara dIjiye / pattharoM ke bhedana kA yaha vyasana antatogatvA mahAvinAzakArI vyasana hai / prastara vedha ke karate-karate yadi yaha vyasana uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA aura Apake kulaparvata nagAdhirAja arbuda para zara prahAra kiye jAte rahe to dharitrI ko dhAraNa karane vAle bhUdhara arbudagiri ke pAtAla ke gahana tala meM jAne ke sAtha-sAtha ApakI yaha atIva priyA dhArA nagarI aura yaha sampUrNa pRthvI hI pAtAla ke gahana tala meM pahuMca jAyeMge / " gurjarAdhIza bhIma yaha suna kara harSAtireka se kaha uThe - "mere bhrAtA ( mAtulaputra sUrAcArya) ne bhoja ko jIta liyA hai, aba mujhe usako jItane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai / " sUrAcArya ne bhagavAn RSabhadeva zraura neminAtha para dvisandhAna kAvya aura nemicarita mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| unhoMne apane guru ke samakSa una saba doSoM kI zrAlocanA kara prAyazcita grahaNa kiyA, jo doSa unako mAlava rAjya kI yAtrA ke samaya lage the| surAcArya ne guru AjJA ko zirodhArya kara apane pahale ke vidyArthI zramaNoM ko bhI agretara adhyayana karavAnA prArambha kiyA / apane adhyApana kauzala se unhoMne una zikSArthI sAdhutroM ko sabhI vidyAoM meM niSNAta banA unheM Agama zAstroM kA bhI gahana adhyayana karAyA / droNAcArya ne anta meM samasta pApoM kI AlocanA kara saMlekhanApUrvaka svargagamana kiyA / droNAcArya ke pazcAt aneka varSoM taka sUrAcArya jainadharma kA pracAra prasAra karate rahe aura apane jIvana ke antima samaya meM unhoMne sabhI prakAra ke AhAra pAnIya Adi kA parityAga kara AjIvana anazana arthAt prAyopavezana aMgIkAra kiyA / vaha anazana ( saMthArA ) 35 dina taka calA aura anta meM Atmacintana karate ve svargastha hue / hue Page #839 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vAdi paitAla zAnti sUri vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM thArapadra gaccha meM zAnti sUri nAmaka eka prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiN| jilA jAlora ke antargata rAyasIraMga grAma ke eka jinamandira meM upalabdha vi0 saM0 1084 ke zilAlekha se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prApakA dUsarA nAma saMbhavata: zAntibhadrasUri bhI thA / rAyasINa grAma ke usa zilAlekha meM yaha ullekha hai ki thArapadra gaccha ke zAntibhadrasUri ne vi0 saM0 1084 meM jina - pratimA kI pratiSThApanA kI / unakI 'jIva- vicAra prakaraNa" aura 'uttarAdhyayana TIkA' ye do racanAeM upalabdha hotI haiM / ina donoM racanAoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki zrI zAntisUri prAkRta tathA saMskRta donoM bhASAnoM ke prakANDa paMDita the aura unakA saiddhAntika jJAna gahana evaM talasparzI thA / Apane apanI 'jIvavicAra prakaraNa' nAmaka racanA meM apane gaccha athavA apanI guru paramparA viSayaka kisI prakAra kA vivaraNa na dekara kevala apane nAma kA hI ullekha kiyA hai / apanI dUsarI kRti 'uttarAdhyayana-TIkA' meM grApane apanA kevala itanA hI paricaya diyA hai ki ve 'baDagaccha' kI zAkhA - thArapadra gaccha ke muni the / zAntisUri kI ina do kRtiyoM se to unakA kevala itanA hI paricaya prApta hotA hai, isase adhika nahIM / kintu prabhAvaka caritra aura tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM vAdivaitAla zAntisUri ke jIvana kI katipaya mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai / prabhAvaka caritra meM prAcArya zrI zAntisUri kA jo jIvana-vRtta diyA huA hai, vaha sAra rUpa meM yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne zAntisUri kA jIvana vRtta prastuta karate hue prArambha meM "pAtu vovAdi - vaitAlaH kAlo durmantravAdinAm / " isa pada se jo unakI stuti kI hai, isase hI unake mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya hone kA patA calatA hai / prabhAvaka caritrakAra ke ullekhAnusAra unnatAyu nAmaka grAma ke zrImAla vaMzIya zreSThi zrI ghanadeva kI dharmapatnI dhanazrI kI kukSi se zAntisUri kA janma " jIvana zreyaskara maNDala, mehasAnA dvArA sampAdita evaM prakAzita jIva vicAra prakaraNa paMcama saMskaraNa pR0 4-5 2 tA saMpai saMpatte, maNuyatte dulhe sammatte / siri saMti sUri siTThe, kareha bho ! ujjamaM dhamme (50) jIva vicAra | Page #840 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 782 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 humA / unnatAyu grAma gujarAta prAnta kI tatkAlIna rAjadhAnI praNahillapura pattana ke pazcima meM basA huA thaa| jisa samaya zAntisUri kA janma huA usa samaya gujarAta ke mahApratApI rAjA bhIma aNahillapurapattana meM gujarAta ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna the| zAntisUri ke janmakAla meM candragaccha kI zAkhA thArapadra gaccha kA sarvatra vanasva thaa| usa samaya thArapadra gaccha ke AcArya pada para zrI vijayasiMhasari virAjamAna the| zrI vijayasiMha sari kI koti digdiganta meM vyApta ho rahI thii| zreSThivara dhanadeva ne apane putra kA nAma bhIma rkhaa| sabhI prakAra ke zubha lakSaNoM se sampanna bAlaka bhIma kramazaH jyoM-jyoM vaya meM bar3hane lagA tyoM-tyoM usake zubha lakSaNoM evaM guNoM kI saurabha dUra-dUra taka phailane lgii| eka samaya vijayasiMha sUri grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa kara bhavyoM ko dharma kA upadeza dete hue bAlaka bhIma ke grAma unnatAyu meM aaye| unhoMne vahAM aneka zubhalakSaNoM se sampanna prAjAnubhuja bAlaka bhIma ko dekhaa| bAlaka bhIma ke vizAla vakSasthala, prazasta bhAla, unnata evaM puSTa kandhoM tathA anyAnya asAdhAraNa zubha lakSaNoM ko dekha kara vijaya siMhAcArya ne anubhava kiyA ki yaha bAlaka samaya pAne para dharmasaMgha ke saMcAlana ke guruttara bhAra ko vahana karane meM sakSama aura jinazAsana kA unnAyaka hogaa| caitya meM prAdinAtha bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko praNAma kara vijaya siMhAcArya zreSThi dhanadeva ke ghara gaye aura usase unhoMne kahA- "zreSThin ! jinazAsana kI abhyunnati ke lakSya se hama tumase tumhAre isa honahAra putra bhIma kI yAcanA karate haiN|" dhanadeva zreSThi ne harSavibhora ho atIva vinamra evaM mRdu svara meM uttara diyA--- "prAcArya deva ! isase bar3hakara merA aura kyA saubhAgya ho sakatA hai ki merA putra Apake prabhISTa kArya kA prasAdhaka bana skegaa| maiM ise apanA ahobhAgya samajhakara bhIma ko Apake caraNoM meM samarpita karatA huuN| mere putra bhIma ko svIkAra kara Apa apane isa dAsa ko kRtakRtya kiijiye|" yaha kahate hae dhanadeva ne apane putra bhIma ko vijayasiMhAcArya ke caraNoM meM samarpita kara diyaa| vijaya siMhAcArya ne pratibhAzAlI bAlaka bhIma ko samucita zikSaNa denA prArambha kiyA aura use sabhI bhAMti suyogya evaM kuzAgrabaddhi samajhakara kAlAntara meM zramaNadharma meM dIkSita kiyA / dIkSita karate samaya AcArya zrI vijayasiMha ne bAlaka bhIma kA nAma zAnti muni rakhA / sutIkSNa buddhi zAntimuni ne bar3I niSThA ke sAtha zAstroM kA adhyayana prArambha kiyA aura kramaza: unhoMne sabhI kalAoM, vidyAoM evaM AgamoM kA gahana jJAna prApta kara unameM niSNAtatA prApta kii| Page #841 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 783 AcArya zrI vijayasiMha ne apane suyogya ziSya zAnti muni ko sabhI vidyAoM meM pAraMgata aura saMghabhAra ko vahana karane meM pUrNataH sakSama samajhakara unheM zubha muhUrta meM AcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| apane suyogya uttarAdhikArI ko apane gaccha kA bhAra samhalAkara vijayasiMha sUri ne saMlekhanA aura anazana pUrvaka AyuSya pUrNa kara svargArohaNa kiyaa| zAnti sUri ne AcArya pada para AsIna hone ke anantara aneka prativAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara apane gaccha kI pratiSThA meM uttarottara ullekhanIya abhivRddhi kii| unakI kIrti digdiganta meM vyApta hone lgii| aNahillapura pATaNa meM mahArAjA bhIma kI rAjasabhA meM unheM kavIndra kA pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| usa samaya ke uccakoTi. ke vidvAnoM meM unakI gaNanA kI jAne lgii| zAnti sari ke prAcAryakAla meM pravanti pradeza meM dhanapAla nAmaka eka vikhyAta kavi rahatA thA evaM usI pradeza meM mahendrAcArya nAma ke eka anya vidvAn jainAcArya dharma pracAra karate hue vicaraNa kara rahe the| una mahendrAcArya ke AdezAnusAra unake ziSyoM ne dhanapAla ko eka avasara para pratyakSa dikhAyA ki gorasa meM, do dina ke pazcAt jIva utpanna ho jAte haiN| sAdhuoM dvArA yaha pratyakSa dikhAye jAne para kavi dhanapAla mahendrAcArya ko sevA meM upasthita huA aura unake upadeza se prabuddha ho vaha dRr3ha samyakta vI banA / samyakta va grahaNa karane ke pazcAt dhanapAla ne "tilakamaJjarI" nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| tilaka maMjarI kI racanA sampanna ho jAne ke pazcAt dhanapAla ne mahendrAcArya se pUchA-"bhagavan aba isa tilakamaJjarI grantha kA zodhana kauna karegA?" prAcArya mahendra ne kahA :--"zAntisUri tumhArI isa kRti kA saMzodhana kreNge|" dhanapAla ujjayinI se prasthita ho aNahillapura pATana aayaa| vahAM zAntisUri aura unake ziSyoM ke adbhuta pANDitya ko dekha kara bar3A camatkRta huaa| usane zAntisari se pragAr3ha prAgrahaparNa abhyarthanA kI ki ve ujjayinI pdhaareN| dhanapAla ko anurodhapUrNa prArthanA svIkAra kara zAntisUri mAlava kI ora prasthita hue| mAlava pradeza meM unhoMne unake sAtha zAstrArtha karane ke liye samaya-samaya para Aye hue caurAsI prativAdiyoM ko vAda meM parAjita kiyA / dhArAdhIza ne zAnti sUri kI apratima vAda pratibhA, vAgmitA aura prakANDa pANDitya se prabhAvita ho apanI rAja sabhA meM "vAdivatAla' kI upAdhi se unheM alaMkRta kiyA aura gujarAta pradeza ke aneka sthAnoM meM caityoM ke nirmANa hetu vipula dhanarAzi kI vyavasthA kii| kavi ' kathA ca dhana pAlasya, prazodhyata viStuSam / vAdi vaitAla virudaM sUrINAM pradade nRpaH // 56 / / -prabhAvaka caritra Page #842 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 784 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 dhanapAla dvArA viracita tilakamaMjarI ke saMzodhana karane hetu ghArApati ne zAntisUri se prArthanA kii| isa para zAnti sUri ne "tilakamaMjarI kathA" kA zodhana evaM parimArjana kiyA / zAntisUri dvArA zoSita tilakamaMjarI ko dekha kara rAjA bhoja pratIva prasanna huA aura usane caityoM ke nirmAraNa ke liye 12 lAkha mudrAeM pradAna kIM / mAlava pradeza meM jinazAsana kI kIrtipatAkA phaharAne ke anantara vAdi-vaitAla virudadhArI zAntisUri gujarAta prAnta meM lauTe aura vihAra krama se aneka sthAnoM meM dharmopadeza dete hue pATaNa nagara meM pdhaare| Apake pATaNa meM zrAgamana se pUrva hI vahAM ke pramukha zreSThi jinadeva ke putra padma ko eka viSadhara ne Dasa liyA thA / saba prakAra ke upacAra kiye gaye, mAMtrikoM bhI apanI pUrI zakti lagA dI kintu padma para viSa kA prabhAva bar3hatA hI gayA / antatogatvA saba upAyoM ke niSphala ho jAne para prAtmIyoM ne zmazAna meM eka gaDDhA khodakara padma ke zarIra ko usa khaDDe meM rakha usa khaDDe ko miTTI se pATa diyA aura ve apane ghara lauTa Aye / pATaNa meM pahuMcane para zAnti sUri ne apane ziSyoM se zreSThiputra padma ko sAMpa ke Dasane aura use bhUmi meM gADa dene kA vRttAnta sunA to ve jinadeva ke ghara gaye aura usase kahA ki vaha eka bAra sarpa se Dase hue padma ko unheM dikhAye / apane kauTumbika janoM sahita jinadeva, prAcArya zrI zAntisUri ke sAtha zmazAna bhUmi meM gye| vahAM gaDDhe se nikAlakara unhoMne padma kA zarIra zAntisUri ko dikhAyA / zAntisUri ne amRtatatva kA smaraNa kara padma ke zarIra kA sparza kiyA / zAntisUri ke kara sparza karane mAtra se sarpaviSa vinaSTa ho gayA aura tatkAla padma ne uThakara zAntisUri ko vandana karate hue pUchA :- "bhagavan ! Apa, maiM aura mere bhrAtmIyajana yahAM zmazAna meM kaise prAye haiM ?" jinadeva ke harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| harSAvaruddha kaNTha se usane apane putra ko saMkSepa meM pUrA vRttAnta sunAyA / isa adbhut camatkAra se sabhI prAzcaryAbhibhUta maura harSa vibhora ho utthe| yaha paramAzcaryakArI sukhada samvAda vidya tvega se tatkSaNa hI pATaraNa ke ghara-ghara meM prasRta ho gayA / isa pradRSTa pUrva camatkAra ko dekhane ke liye pATaNa ke AbAla vRddha nara-nAriyoM ke vRnda ghara-ghara, galI-galI se tatkAla zmazAna kI ghora umar3a par3e / zmazAna ke cAroM prora dekhate hI dekhate prati vizAla jana samudra laharAne lagA / zAntisUri ke jayaghoSoM se gagana maNDala guMjarita ho uThA / prAcArya zrI zAntisUri kA anusaraNa karate hue zreSThi jinadeva, zreSThi putra padma praura pATaNa ke nAgarikoM kA vizAla janasamUha mahAmahotsava ke rUpa meM nagara meM loTA / sthAna-sthAna para zAntisUrijI kA abhinandana kiyA gyaa| isa ghaTanA se samasta gujarAta prAnta hI nahIM apitu digdiganta meM dharma kI bar3I prabhAvanA huI / kAlAntara meM nADolanagara se municandra nAmaka prAcArya arAhilapura pATaNa meM prAye / unakI asAdhAraNa kuzAgra buddhi se prasanna ho zAntisUri ne municandra sUri Page #843 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 785 ko nyAyazAstra kI zikSA pradAna kara unheM bauddha paramparA ke pramANa zAstroM ke durbhedya prameyoM ko nirasta karane meM pravIraNa banA diyA / usI samaya zAntisUri ne uttarAdhyayana putra kI TIkA kI racanA kI / suvihita paramparA ke AcArya municandra sUri ne zAntisUri se nyAya zAstroM kI zikSA prApta karane ke pazcAt apane ziSya devasUri ko pramANa prameya zrAdi kI talasparzI zikSA de unheM ajeya vAdI banA diyA / kAlAntara meM inhIM devasUri ne zAntisUri dvArA nirmita uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA se strImukti prakaraNa kA adhyayana kara praNahilapura pATaNa ke mahArAja siddharAja kI sabhA meM digambarAcArya ko vAda meM parAjita kiyA / isa prakAra aneka varSoM taka jinazAsana kI cahuMmukhI abhivRddhi karane ke anantara apanI Ayu kA avasAna samIpa dekha zAntisUri ne vIrasUri, zIlabhadra sUri ra sarvadevasUri ina tIna vidvAna muniyoM ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA / tadanantara unhoMne sAr3ha nAmaka zrAvaka ke sAtha ujjayanta parvata kI zrara prayANa kiyA / ujjayanta giri para pahuMca kara unhoMne saMlekhanApUrvaka anazana kiyA / paccIsa dina ke anazana ke pazcAt unhoMne vikrama saM0 2066 meM kArtika zuklA navamI ke dina svargArohaNa kiyA / ' 'tapAgaccha paTTAvalI' meM prabhAvaka caritra ke uparirvAraMgata ullekha se kucha bhinna prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / 'tapAgaccha paTTAvalI' meM batAyA gayA hai ki vi0 saM0 1067 meM hue dhUlakoTa ke patana ke sambandha meM zAntisUri ne kucha dina pUrva hI bhaviSyavANI kara 700 zrImAlI parivAroM ko mauta ke mukha se nikAla liyA / tadanantara vikrama saM0 1111 meM kAnor3a meM unakA svargagamana huprA / isa sAdhAraNa ullekha bheda ke atirikta zAntisUri ke jIvana vRtta ke sambandha meM prabhAvaka caritra aura tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usase yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki zAntisUri vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke eka apratima pratibhAzAlI, ajeya vAdI, prakANDa paNDita evaM mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya the / 9. zrI vikramavatsarato varSa sahasraM gate SaNNavato / zucisiti navamIkujakRttikAsu zAntiprabhorabhUdastam / / 130 / / Page #844 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ prAcArya prajjaraNandi (Aryanandi) vikrama kI 8vI-havIM zatAbdI meM prajjaNandi nAmaka eka mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne tamilabhASI pradeza meM luptaprAya hue jinazAsana ko punarujjIvita kiyaa| IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM tiru jJAnasambandhara, tiru appara Adi zaiva santoM dvArA dakSiNApatha ke maduraI evaM kAMcI rAjyoM meM zaiva dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye prArambha kI gaI dhArmika krAnti athavA dhArmika viplava meM rAjyAzraya kA pITha-bala prApta kiye zaivoM dvArA jainadharmAvalambiyoM para jo lomaharSakahRdayadrAvI atyAcAra kiye gaye, unake pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharma tamilabhASI aneka kSetroM meM to vastutaH luptaprAya ho gayA thaa| isa dhArmika viplava kI pracaNDa lahara kA kuprabhAva pANDya evaM pallava rAjyoM ke par3ausI cola aura cera rAjyoM para bhI par3A aura isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki usa viplava se pUrva jo jainadharma una pradezoM kA bahujanasammata dharma thA vaha viplava ke pazcAt nAma mAtra ke liye vahAM avaziSTa raha gyaa| jJAnasambandhara Adi aneka zaiva santoM dvArA banAye gaye tevAram ke padoM ke mAdhyama se cAroM ora jainoM evaM bauddhoM ke viruddha dhuMprAMdhAra pracAra kiyA gyaa| jainoM ke virodha meM banAye gaye una padoM kA nagara nagara, gAMva-gAMva aura ghara ghara pracAra kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra ke sAmUhika evaM sudUravyApI prayAsoM dvArA jaina zramaNoM tathA jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke prati cAroM ora ghRNA kA pracAra kiyA gyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki lagabhaga arddha zatAbdI taka to katipaya kaTTarapaMthI kSetroM meM kisI jaina zramaNa kA padArpaNa taka dUbhara ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra kI saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM prAcArya ajjaNandi ne bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha una kSetroM meM jahAM jinezvara athavA jaina kA nAma taka lene vAlA nahIM raha gayA thA, vahAM jaina dharma kI pratiSThA punaH sthApita karane kA bIr3A utthaayaa| ajjaNandi ne tAmilanAr3a ke una pradezoM meM ghUma ghUma kara jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| sadA se ahiMsA meM aTa AsthA rakhate hae zAMti kI upAsanA karate A rahe jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko dharmakrAnti ke nAma para uThI dharmonmAda kI pracaNDa prAMdhI ke kaTu anubhavoM se bar3I nirAzA huI thI / vaha nirAzA lagabhaga arddha zataka taka jainoM ke mana aura mastiSka para ghara kiye rahI / usa nirAzA ko ajjaNandi ne apane antastala sparzI upadezoM se dUra kara jainadharmAvalambiyoM meM naI AzA kA saMcAra kiyaa| jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke antarmana meM navya-nUtana AzA Page #845 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vora samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 77 kI kiraNa kA saMcAra karane ke liye ghorAtighora kaSTa sahana kara bhI prajjaNandi ne jo kArya kiye, unake una kAryoM kI yazogAthAe~ dakSiNA patha kI aneka parvatamAlAnoM kI caTTAnoM para, aneka giriguhAoM meM Aja bhI par3hI jA sakatI haiN| vidvAn, vAgmI aura pratibhAzAlI AcArya ajjaNandi ne tamilanADu ke pUrva se pazcima aura uttara se dakSiNa taka sAgarataTa paryanta ke sabhI kSetroM meM ghUma ghUma kara jainadharma kA pracAra kiyA, aneka parvatoM kI zilAoM para tIrthaMkaroM aura unake yakSoM kI zilAcitroM ke rUpa meM mUrtiyAM uTaiMkita krvaaii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne (ajjaNandi ne) dharma pracAra kA apanA yaha abhiyAna uttarI ArkATa jile se prArambha kiyA, jahAM appara aura jJAna sambandhara dvArA dharmayuddha ke rUpa meM prArambha kiye gaye zaiva mata ke abhiyAna ke samaya bhI jainadharma kA paryApta varcasva rahA thaa| uttarI ArkATa jile ke vallImale nAmaka parvata kI caTTAnoM para jinezvaroM ke citra uTaiMkita karavAye / ' tadanantara ajjaNandi ne zaiva matAvalambiyoM ke sudRr3ha gar3ha madurA meM jainadharma kA pracAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne madurA jile meM sthita prAnaimalai, aivaramala, alagaramala, karUMgAlakkur3I aura uttamapAlaiyama parvatoM kI caTTAnoM para tIrthaMkaroM aura yakSoM Adi kI mUrtiyAM uTaMkita krvaaii| madurA jile ke aneka parvatoM para prajjaNandi dvArA ukita karavAI huI tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ko dekhane para aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ajjaNandi ne madurA jile meM paryApta samaya taka raha kara jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| tadanantara ajjaNandi dakSiNApatha ke gAMva gAMva meM logoM ko jainadharma ke vizvakalyANakArI sArabhUta siddhAntoM kA upadeza dete hue tinnevelI jile meM pahuMce / vahAM unhoMne airUvAr3I kI prAkRta guphAoM meM irAttipoTTAi nAmaka caTTAna para tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM bnvaaii| ___tinnevelI jile se Age bar3hate hae ajjaNandi ne gAMva gAMva meM logoM ko jainadharma ke mahAna siddhAntoM ke prati AsthAvAna banAyA aura dakSiNa dizA meM prAryadharA ke antima chora trAvanakora rAjya meM praveza kiyaa| vahAM apane prabhAvakArI upadezoM se aneka logoM ko jinamArga meM sthira kara jainadharma kA pracAra prasAra kiyaa| ve paryApta samaya taka trAvaNakora rAjya meM jainadharma kA pracAra karate rhe| aneka logoM ko jainadharmAnuyAyI banA kara ajjaNandi ne citrAla ke pAsa tiruccAraNattamale parvata mAlA para caTTAnoM ko kaTavA kara tIrthaMkaroM, aura tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSoM kI mUrtiyAM umra kita krvaaii| yahAM unhoMne apane guru kI bhI mUrti bnvaaii| yahAM para kI mUtiyoM ke nIce vattelutta varNamAlA meM Aryanandi kA jo nAma likhA hamA hai vaha "praccaNandi' par3hA jAtA hai| ' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekha saM0 134-135, pRSTha 157-58 2 enyuala riporTa prAna sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI, 1616, pRSTha 112 Page #846 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 788 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 prajjaNandi ne zeTTipor3avu kI guphAoM aura usa parvata kI coTI para "pecchipallama"-(bolatA huA bila) nAmaka prAcIna sthAna para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura anya tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM ukita krvaaiiN| yahAM caTTAna ko kATa kara prajjavandi kI mAtA 'guNamattiyAra' kI bhI mUrti banI huI hai| ina saba ke atirikta vibhinna kSetroM ke aneka pahAr3oM para ajjaNandi ne tIrthaMkaroM, unake yakSoM Adi kI mUrtiyAM bnvaaii|| madurA tAlluka ke klikkur3I nAmaka grAma ke pAsa parvata para eka prAcIna guphA hai / usa guphA ko dRSTi pasAra kara dekhane mAtra se hI aisA pratIta hone lagatA hai ki vastutaH vaha guphA bar3e lambe samaya taka jaina zramaNoM kI vizrAmasthalI athavA sAdhanAsthalI rahI hai| isa guphA kA nAma hai "zeTripor3ava" jisakA hindI rUpAntara hotA hai-"pramukha vyApAriyoM kI khoha-guhA athavA guphaa|" isa guphA meM yatra-tatra jaina saMskRti ke purAtAtvika smAraka yatra-tatra dRSTigocara hote haiN| isa guphA kA pravezadvAra maharAbadAra banA huA hai / isa guphA meM tIna jainAcAryoM ko mUrtiyAM caTTAnoM ko kATa kara banAI gaI haiN| prAcAryoM kI ina tIna mUrtiyoM ke atirikta do mUrtiyAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI yakSiNI siddhAyikA devI kI pratIta hotI haiM / siddhAyikA devI kI ina mUrtiyoM meM se eka mUrti yuddha kI devI ke.rUpa meM aura dUsarI zAnti kI devI ke rUpa meM uTTa kita kI gaI hai| siddhAyikA yakSiNI ko jisa mUrti meM yuddha kI devI kA svarUpa diyA gayA hai, vaha svarUpa bar3A hI hRdayagrAhI athavA rucikara hai| yaha caturbhujAoM vAlI yuddha kI devI siMha para ArUr3ha hai / usake dakSiraNa hAtha meM pratyaMcA car3hA dhanuSa aura vAma hasta meM tIra hai| zeSa do hAthoM meM zastra haiN| siMha ne eka hAthI para AkramaNa kiyA hai jisa para ki eka mahilA eka hAtha meM kRpANa aura dUsare hAtha meM DhAla liye baiThI hai| zAnti kI devI siMhAsana para baiThI hai| usake dakSiNa hasta meM phala hai aura usakA vAma hasta siMhAsana para rakhA huA hai| ina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kisane karavAyA, isa sambandha meM pramANAbhAva meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jainAcAryoM kI mUrtiyoM ke samIpa yuddha kI devI aura zAnti kI devI ina donoM deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM ko uTaiMkita karavAne kA kyA uddezya rahA hogA, isa sambandha meM sunizcita rUpa se kahanA to sambhava nhiiN| para anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM saMkaTApanna sthiti meM AkrAntAoM evaM atyAcAriyoM se apanI rakSA ke liye yuddha devI svarUpA siddhAyikA ko aura zAnti-samRddhipUrNa utkarSakAla meM zAnti kI svarUpA siddhAyikA devI ko apanA Adarza mAna kara bar3e sAhasa evaM dhairya ke sAtha kartavya kA pAlana karate rahane kI preraNA denA rahA ho| __uparalikhita koMgara puliyamaMgalam grAma ke nAma ko dekhate hue aisA vicAra AtA hai ki isa grAma kA vAstavika nAma koMgara ApuliyamaMgalam to nahIM rahA hai| Page #847 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 786 Apuliya aura gopya ye donoM zabda yApanIya zabda ke hI paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / ApuliyoM arthAt yApanIya saMgha ke anuyAyiyoM kA kisI samaya meM yaha grAma athavA giri guhA, kendrasthala, sAdhanAsthala athavA kArya kSetra rahA ho| isa sambandha meM tamila bhASA ke vizeSajJa jaina vidvAn yadi zodhapUrNa prakAza DAleM to aitihAsika dRSTi se unakA vaha prayAsa prazaMsanIya hogA / periyAkulam tAlluka meM avasthita 'uttamapAlaiyam' meM jo jaina mUrtiyAM uTTaMkita haiM, unake nIce prajjandi ke nAma ke sAtha-sAtha prAcArya ariTThanemi - periyAra aura unake guru aSTopavAsIgala ke nAma bhI khude hue haiM / kadambahalli se prApta zaka saM. 1040 ke eka stambhalekha meM yApanIya paramparA ke prAcIna sUrasthagaraNa ke prAcIna prAcAryoM kI jo paTTAvalI upalabdha huI hai, usameM AcArya praSTopavAsI ko sUrasthagaraNa kA pAMcavAM prAcArya batAyA gayA hai / " isase yaha vicAra utpanna hotA hai ki ajjaraNandi ke sAtha jina prAcArya zraSTopavAsigala kA nAma uparivariNata mUrtiyoM ke nIce uTaMkita hai, ve prAcArya kahIM yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya to na hoN| isa dRSTi se bhI koMgara puliyamaMgalam nAmaka isa grAma ke sambandha meM zodha kI prAvazyakatA hai ki kahIM isa gAMva kA nAmakaraNa prApuliya saMgha zrarthAt yApanIya saMgha se to sambandhita nahIM hai / astu / t tirumaMgalam tAlluka ke isa koMgara puliyamaMgalam nAmaka grAma ke pAsa ke parvata para jo caTTAnoM ko kATa kATa kara muniyoM ke liye zilA palaMga banAye gaye haiM, isI pahAr3a ke DhAla para ajjaragandi kI siddhAsanastha eka bahuta sundara mUrti caTTAna ko kATa kara banAI gaI hai| isa mUrti ke cAroM zrora caTTAna ko chAje ke prAkAra meM aise kauzala se tarAzA gayA hai, jisase ki varSA ke pAnI se mUrti kI pUrNa rUpa se rakSA ho sakeM / isa mUrti ke nIce "zrImajjagandi" uTTaMkita hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prajjandi ke kinhIM ziSyoM ne prathavA upAsakoM ne prajjaragandi ke svargastha hone para isakA nirmANa karavAyA ho / prajjandi ne bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM dakSiNApatha ke aneka parvatoM ke zilAkhaNDoM ko kaTavA kaTavA kara jainamUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karavAyA kintu na to svayaM aura na unake ziSyoM ne hI unakA koI paricaya uTTakita krvaayaa| sabhI mUrtiyoM ke nIce kevala ajjaraNandi kA nAma hI uTTaM kita hai| isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prajjandi apane samaya ke sarvAdhika prasiddha lokapriya zrAcArya the, isI kAraNa unake nAma ke atirikta unakA koI paricaya unakI aitihAsika kRtiyoM ke nIce uTTaM kita nahIM karavAyA gayA / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM prAcArya ajjaraNandi ke sattAkAla, unakI guruparamparA, unake janmasthAna zrAdi ke sambandha meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| unake dvArA uTTaM kita karavAI gaI jaina pratimAoM kI uTTaMkana zailI vaTTelutu varNamAlA prastuta graMtha ( jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3) kA pRSTha 242 1 Page #848 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 760 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 ke mor3a Adi ke prAdhAra para purAtatvavidoM ne unakA (ajjaNandi kA) samaya IsA kI 8 vI havIM zatAbdI kA anumAnita kiyA hai / aneka prakAra ke kaSToM, vighna-bAdhAoM ko samabhAva se sahana kara nitAnta pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM kaTTaratama zavadharmAvalambiyoM ke sudRr3ha gar3hoM, keMdrasthaloM meM ghUma ghama kara prAcArya ajjaNandi ne tamilanAr3a ke nirAza jainoM meM prAzA kA saMcAra kara jisa sAhasa ke sAtha vahAM jainadharma kA punaruddhAra kiyA, unakI ina amUlya jinazAsana sevA ke liye jaina itihAsa meM unakA nAma sadA sadA pragAr3ha zraddhA ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA jaaegaa| dakSiNa ke jaina itihAsa ke vizeSajJa evaM labdhapratiSTha purAtatvavettA svargIya zrI pI. bI. desAI ne ajjaNandi ke sambandha meM likhA hai : "All these facts are profoundly significant and they help us to judge the place of Ajjanandi in the bistory of Jainism in the Tamil country. During the later part of the 7th century and after, a very grave situation arose in the Tamil Country against the followers of the jain doctrine. The tide of revival in favour of the Saivite and Vaishnavite faiths began to shake the very foundations of Jainism. Saint Appar in the Kanchi area and Sambandhar in the Madura region, launched their crusades against supporters of the Jain religion. Consequently, Jainism lost much of its pres. tige and influence in the society. It was in this critical situation that Ajjapandi appears to have stepped on the scene. He must have been a remarkable personality endowed not only with profound learning and dialectical skill, but also with practical insight and organising capacity. Inspired by the noble ideals of his faith and sustained by indomitable energy, he, it seems, travelled from one end of the Country to the other, preaching the holy gospel, erecting the images and shrines in honour of the deities and popularising once again the principles and practices of Jainism." vastutaH yaha eka bar3I durbhAgyapUrNa bAta hai ki jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para Aye hue isa prakAra ke ghora saMkaTa ke samaya jisa mahApuruSa ne tamilanADU ke hatAzanirAza jainoM meM navajIvana kA, naI cetanA kA saMcAra kiyA usa mahApuruSa ke jIvana paricaya ko samAja saMjokara nahIM rakha sakA / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM aisI prAzaMkA kA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hI hai ki prajjanandi, vartamAna kAla meM jitanI paramparAeM pracalita haiM, una paramparAmoM se bhinna hI kisI yApanIya paramparA jaisI vilupta paramparA ke prAcArya rahe hoNge| anyathA una mahApuruSa (ajjaNaMdi) kA jIvana paricaya avazyameva surakSita rakhA jAtA / vidvadvanda se prajjaNaMdi ke jIvana paricaya ke sambandha meM gahana zodha kI apekSA hai| 00 1Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs, by-P.B. Desai. P. 63-64 . Page #849 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zrAcArya vidyAnanda ( granthakAra ) vIra nirvANa kI caudahavIM zatAbdI meM gaMgavaMzIya mahArAjA zivamAra ( I0 san 804 se 815 ) aura usake bhrAtRja rAchamalla - satyavAkya (866 - 863) ke zAsanakAla meM kisI samaya prAcArya vidyAnandi nAmaka eka mahAn graMthakAra hue haiM / inhoMne nimnalikhita granthoM kI racanA kara jainasAhitya kI samRddhi meM abhivRddhi kI : ( 1 ) tatvArthazlokavArtika / yaha tatvArtha sUtra kI vizAla TIkA hai / isa dArzanika grantha meM prAcArya vidyAnandi ne vedAnta ke prakANDa vidvAn kumArilla bhaTTa zraura bauddha tArkika dharmakIrti dvArA jainadarzana ke khaNDana meM prastuta kI gaI yuktiyoM ko bar3e hI sabala tarkoM se nirasta kiyA hai / (2) praSTasahasrI (3) yukta, yanuzAsanAlaMkAra (4) prAptaparIkSA (5) pramANa parIkSA (6) patra parIkSA (7) satyazAsana parIkSA (8) zrIpura pArzvanAtha stotra aura (6) vidyAnanda mahodaya ( zranupalabdha ) / ye kisa paramparA ke aura kisake ziSya the- isa sambandha meM kahIM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA kintu inakI vidvattA pUrNa kRtiyoM se inake prakANDa pANDitya kA paricaya milatA hai| ve mahAn dArzanika, jaina darzana ke sAtha-sAtha anya darzanoM ke bhI pAragAmI vidvAn, mahAn kavi, mahAn vyAkhyAtA aura bhaktirasa se otaprota evaM taraMgita mAnasa ke dhanI mahAn stutikAra bhI the / Page #850 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra ni0 saM0 1400 se 1471 kI avadhi meM bha0 mahAvIra ke 45 veM se 47 veM paTTadhara aura 36 veM yugapradhAna ke samaya kI rAjanaitika paristhiti uparilikhita avadhi ke prArambhakAla meM mahAn zaktizAlI rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA amogha varSa ke zAsanakAla kA 56vAM varSa thaa| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai vIra ni0 saM0 1402 meM amoghavarSa ne apane vizAla sAmrAjya kA svecchApUrvaka parityAga kara kRSNa dvitIya kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA aura apanA zeSa jIvana jaina zramaNoM kI sevA meM rahate hue prAtmasAdhanA meM vyatIta kiyaa| itihAsa ke yazasvI viziSTa vidvAn DA0 ke0 e0 nIlakaNTha zAstrI ne amoghavarSa kA zAsanakAla I0 san 814 se 880 taka anumAnita kiyA hai|' amoghavarSa ke pazcAt kRSNa dvitIya kA rASTrakUTa rAjya para I0 san 875 se 912 taka zAsana rahA / isakA pUrvI cAlukyoM ke sAtha aneka varSoM taka saMgharSa calatA rhaa| ___ yaha rAjA bar3A hI udAra aura jinazAsana-prabhAvaka thA / bandalike vasati ke praveza dvAra ke pASANa para ukita zilAlekha meM isakI udAratA kA jvalaMta udAharaNa prAja bhI vidyamAna hai / usa abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki nAgarakhaMDa sattara ke apane sAmanta nAlaguNDa sattarasa nAgArjuna kI mRtyu ho jAne para (saMbhavataH usake koI santati na hone para bhI) apane sva0 sAmanta kI patnI jakkiyabbe ko prAvutavUra mora nAgarakhaNDa sattara kA rAjya pradAna kiyA / usa mahilAratna jakkiyabbe ne bhI aneka varSoM taka sucArU rUpa se zAsana saMcAlana kara apanI adbhuta prazAsanika yogyatA kA pradarzana kiyA / anta meM jakkiyabbe ne saMlekhanA-saMthArA svIkAra kara jinezvara bhagavAn ke smaraNa meM lo lagAye hue paMDitamaraNa pUrvaka apane jIvana ko saphala kiyaa| kRSNa dvitIya ke pazcAt I0 san 112 se. 945 (DA0 ke0 e0 nIlakaNTha zAstrI ke anumAnAnusAra I0 san 635) kI avadhi ke bIca govinda caturtha, indra, govinda-sUvarNa-varSa vallabha, kRSNa, pramoghavarSa aura khoDriga ina 6 rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjAmoM kA rAjya rahA / ina 6 rAjAroM meM se prAyaH sabhI kA prati svalpAvadhi taka hI rAjya rhaa| ' dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 235 2 jana zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha saMkhyA 140, pRSTha 162 se 164 Page #851 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 793 IsA kI 8vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha dakSiraNa meM pallavoM aura pAMDyoM ke bIca saMgharSa kA yuga rahA / I. san 880 meM zrImAr3a zrIballabha ke uttarAdhikArI pAMDyarAjA varaguNavarman (dvitIya) aura pallavarAja nRpatu gavarmana ke putra aparAjita ke bIca kumbakonama ke samIpa pur3amaviyama meM bhayaMkara yuddha huA / cola rAjA zrAditya prathama aura gaMgarAjA pRthvIpati prathama bhI isa yuddha meM apanI senAoM ke sAtha pallavarAja parAjita ke pakSadhara banakara sammilita hue| isa yuddha meM yadyapi gaMga rAjA pRthvIpati prathama raNAMgaNa meM lar3atA - lar3atA mRtyu ko prApta huA kintu pANDyarAja varaguNavarmana burI taraha parAjita huA / antatogatvA colarAja Aditya prathama ne pallava rAjya para bhI AkramaNa kara diyA aura toMDaimaNDama ke yuddha meM pallavarAja aparAjita ko parAjita kara diyA / Aditya chalAMga mAra kara aparAjita ke hAthI para car3ha gayA aura eka hI bharapUra prahAra se usakA prANAnta kara diyA / isa yuddha meM vijaya se prAyaH pUrA kA pUrA pallava rAjya cola rAjya ke antargata A gayA / Aditya ne kauMgU deza para bhI apanA zrAdhipatya sthApita kara liyA aura isa prakAra punaH eka zaktizAlI cola rAjya kA gaThana karane meM prAditya saphala huA / I0 san 607 meM Aditya ke pazcAt usakA putra parAMtaka cola rAjya ke siMhAsana para baiThA / Aditya ke eka putra kA nAma kannaradeva thA, jo rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA kRSNa (dvitIya) kA dauhitra thA / apane dauhitra ko cola rAjasiMhAsana se vaMcita rakhe jAne se kruddha hokara kRSNa ne bAMgoM aura vaidumba zAsakoM kI sahAyatA se cola rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyA / usa yuddha meM parAntaka kI vijaya huI kintu antatogatvA ina tIna rAjazaktiyoM ke sAtha parAntaka kI zatrutA vastutaH parAntaka ke liye ghAtaka siddha huI / jaisA ki Age batAyA jAyagA isa zatrutA ke pariNAma - svarUpa rASTrakUToM ne colarAjya para AkramaNa kiyA aura usa yuddha meM gaMgarAja batuga ne parAntaka ke bar3e putra rAjAditya ko yuddha meM mAra DAlA / gujarAta meM eka navIna solaMkI rAjyazakti kA udaya vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke antima samaya meM lagabhaga vikrama saM0 668 ( I0 san 641-42, vIra ni0 saM0 1468) meM eka navIna solaMkI ( cAlukya ) rAjazakti kA udaya huA jisane lagabhaga 300 varSoM taka gujarAta para aura samaya samaya para aneka bAra gujarAta ke sImAvartI vizAla bhU-bhAga para bhI zAsana kiyA / lagabhaga 300 varSa ke isa rAjavaMza ke zAsanakAla meM gujarAta pradeza kI prArthika, rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, sAhityika aura sAMskRtika sabhI dRSTiyoM se sarvatomukhI ullekhanIya pragati huI / usa solaMkI rAjavaMza kA Adi puruSa aura solaMkI rAjya zakti kA saMsthApaka mUlarAja solaMkI thA / mUlarAja solaMkI ke sambandha meM jo prAmANika evaM aitihAsika Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se vizvasanIya vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM, unakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai Page #852 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 794 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 IsA kI 10 vIM zatAbdI ke cAra caraNoM meM se prathama caraNa meM jisa samaya cApotkaTa rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka vanarAja cAvar3A ke nRpavaMza kA antima rAjA sAmantasiMha aNahilapurapaTTana ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna thA, usa samaya rAjI, bIja aura daMDaka nAmaka tIna kSatriya kizora apane nivAsasthala se somanAtha kI yAtrA ke liye prasthita hue| somanAtha kI yAtrA ke pazcAt apane nivAsasthala (janmasthAna) kI ora lauTate samaya ve ahilapurapaTTana meM ruke / jaba unhoMne sunA ki eka tyauhAra ke upalakSa meM rAjakIya ThATa-bATa ke sAtha azvArohaNa kalA kA pradarzana ho rahA hai aura use dekhane ke liye janasamUha pradarzana-sthala kI ora umar3a rahA hai, to ve tInoM bhAI bhI gujarAta kI azvArohaNa kalA ko dekhane ke liye mele meM pahuMce / ghur3adaur3a, sarapaTa daur3ate hue ghor3e kI pITha para baiThe hue azvArohiyoM dvArA bhAle se lakSyavedha Adi aneka prakAra ke camatkArapUrNa pradarzanoM ke pazcAt svayaM rAjA sAmantasiMha eka jAtyazva para ArUr3ha ho apanI azvArohaNa kalA kA camatkAra pradarzita karane Age AyA / jaMghAoM ke iMgitamAtra se apanA kauzala batAne vAle usa utkRSTa jAti ke ghor3e para jaba rAjA cAbaka kA prahAra karane ke liye udyata hA to kSatriya kizora rAjI bar3e ucca svara meM "aise nahIM, aise nahIM" kahatA huA rAjA kI ora bar3e vega se bddh'aa| eka saumya-sukumAra sAhasI yuvaka ko apanI ora dra ta vega se AtA hA dekha rAjA rukA / yuvaka ke pAsa Ane para usane usase bAta kI aura usake parAmarzAnusAra sAmantasiMha ne azvasaMcAlana kiyaa| rAjA aura darzakoM ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra na rahA ki usa jAtyazva ne iMgitamAtra para aneka prakAra ke adbhuta karizme btaaye| tadanantara sAmantasiMha ne vahI apanA azva usa navAgantuka yuvaka ko samhalAte huye azvArohaNa kI kalA pradarzana karane kA usase Agraha kiyaa| rAjAjJA ko zirodhArya kara rAjI usa ucca jAti ke azva kI pITha para ArUr3ha huA aura usane apanI adbhuta azvArohaNa kalA kA pradarzana prArambha kiyaa| ghor3A bhI samajha gayA ki usake yogya mArohI aba AyA hai| zreSTha jAti ke azva aura azvavidyA-niSNAta azvArohI rAjI ke suyoga ne' kucha hI kSaNoM meM "sone meM sugandha"-isa sukomala suMdara kalpanA jagata kI madu-maMjulasumadhura ananubhUta lokokti ko akSarazaH caritArtha kara btaayaa| azva apane prArohI ke iMgitAkArAnurUpa aura pArohI apane azva ke manonukUla azvakalA-azvArohaNa kalA kA pradarzana karane lge| adRSTapUrva adbhuta azvArohaNa, azvasaMcAlana aura azva dvArA apane prArohI ke mana ko lubhA dene vAlI kamanIya kalAoM ko dekhakara rAjA 'prazvAzvavArayoH sadRza yogamAlokya........mUlarAjaprabandha, prabandhacintAmaNi / Page #853 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 765 rAjaparivAra aura prajA-sabhI darzaka varga jhUma utthe| sAdhu, sAdhu ! adbhuta ! atIva sundara ! sArU che ! sArUche ! ke gagana bhedI ghoSoM se digdigaMta prakampita evaM pratidhvanita ho uThe / sabake manakusuma pUrNataH praphullita ho utthe| samAroha kI samApti para sAmantasiMha ne kSatriyakizora rAjI ko apane bAhupAza meM prAbaddha kara liyA / vaha rAjI aura usake donoM bhAiyoM ko apane sAtha rAjamahaloM meM le gayA aura apane pAsa hI rakhane lgaa| aba to rAjI rAjadulArA aura prajAjanoM kI prAMkhoM kA tArA bana gayA / rAjI ke prAjAnubhujadaNDa, zailazilAnibha vizAla vakSasthala, mauktikoM jaisI camaka se otaprota manohAri Ayata locana yugala samunnata suvizAla bhAla aura siMhazAvaka jaisI zauryapUrNa cAlaDhAla Adi kSatriyocita guNoM se rAjA evaM rAjaparivAra ko evaM rAja-mantriyoM Adi ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki yaha ucca kulIna bhuyaDarAjavaMzIya mujAla deva kA rAjakumAra hai to sAmantasiMha kI sahodarA rAjakumArI lIlAdevI ke sAtha usakA vivAha kara diyA gyaa| rAja-jAmAtA rAjI sukhapUrvaka praNahillapura pATaNa ke rAjaprAsAdoM meM rahane lgaa| samaya para lIlAdevI garbhavatI huii| rAjaparivAra meM harSa kI lahara sI daur3a gii| prasavakAla Ane para prasava se pUrva hI lIlAdevI kA sahasA dehAvasAna ho gayA / niSprANA garbhavatI lIlA devI ke udara ko tatkAla cIra kara garbhastha zizu ko jIvitAvasthA meM hI nikAla liyA gayA / udIyamAna aruNa varuNa ke samAna bAlaka ko dekha kara zokasAgara meM nimagna rAjaparivAra ko eka prAzAsambala milaa| bAlaka kA janma mUlA nakSatra meM huA thA, isaliye usakA nAma mUlarAja rakhA gayA / mUlA nakSatra meM utpanna bAlaka mUlarAja ke sambandha meM jyotividoM ne batAyA mUlArkaH zrU yate zAstre sarvakalyANakArakaH / adhunA mUlarAjena, yogazcitraM prazasyate / cApotkaTa rAjA sAmantasiMha ne apane bhAgineya zizu mUlarAja kA bar3e dulAra se putra kI bhAMti lAlana-pAlana kiyA aura zikSA yogya vaya meM use rAjakumArocita sabhI vidyAoM kI suyogya vidyAvizAradoM se zikSA dilvaaii| kizora vaya meM praveza karate hI sAhasapuja mUlarAja apane mAmA sAmantasiMha kI rAjakAryoM meM sahAyatA karane lgaa| yuvA vaya meM praveza karate-karate to mUlarAja ne aneka sAhasika kArya kara aNahillapurapaTTaNa rAjya kI sImAoM kA vistAra karanA prArambha kara diyA aura usake adbhuta parAkrama kI khyAti cAroM ora phaila gii| Page #854 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 766 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sAmantasiMha surApAna ke vyasana meM AkaNTha DUbA huA thA / apane bhAgineya mUlarAja dvArA usa alpa vaya meM hI kI jAne vAlI apane rAjya kI abhivRddhi ke zaurya pUrNa sAhasika kAryoM se sAmantasiMha phulA na samAtA / surA ke naze meM vaha mUlarAja ko apane rAjasiMhAsana para biThAtA aura kahatA- "vatsa ! prAja se isa rAjya kA tU hI svAmI hai| maiMne yaha sampUrNa rAjya tujhe de diyA hai|" jaba surA kA nazA Dhalane lagatA to sAmantasiMha apane bhAgineya mUla rAja ko hAtha pakar3a kara rAjasiMhAsana se utAra detA aura apane anucaroM Adi ke samakSa usakA tiraskAra karatA huA kahatA-"haTha jA yahAM se, pAyA hai rAjA banane vaalaa| merI kRpA para palA chokarA rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA hai|" sAmantasiMha kA yaha prAyaH pratidina kA kArya thaa| nazA hote hI vaha mUlarAja ko siMhAsana para baiThA detaa| use hAtha jor3a kara rAjAdhirAja ke sambodhana se sambodhita karatA huA pUrNa sammAna prakaTa krtaa| apane parijanoM, rAjyAdhikAriyoM aura mantriyoM taka ko kahatA-"yaha narazArdUla merA bhAgineya tumhArA, merA aura hama sabakA rAjarAjezvara hai, isakI pratyeka AjJA kA tatkAla pAlana kro|" ___ madya ke naze kA prabhAva kama hote hI sAmantasiMha sabake samakSa usakA tiraskAra krtaa| sAmantasiMha ke isa prakAra ke dAna aura apamAna kI bAta dUra-dUra taka phaila gaI / jana-jana ke mukha se sadA saba ora yahI sunane ko milatA "nazA mAM rAjadAna, sAdA mAM dhkkaa|" isa prakAra ke apamAnajanaka prasaMgoM se bace rahane kA svAbhimAnI mUlarAja aneka bAra prayatna karatA kintu madyapAna se unmatta banA sAmantasiMha usake pairoM par3a jAtA, sneha pradarzita karatA aura zapatheM taka grahaNa karatA ki aba eka bAra rAjasiMhAsana para use AsIna kara sadA use apanA rAjA hI mAnatA rahegA, bhaviSya meM kabhI usakA tiraskAra nahIM kregaa| parantu saba zapatheM, saba pratijJAeM kSaNa bhara meM hI kapUra kI taraha ur3a jaatiiN| vastutaH sAmantasiMha ke zarIra kA aNu-aNu, roma-roma sadasad-vivekavinAzinI surA ke pragAr3ha raMga meM pUrNarUpeNa raMga gayA thaa| vaha surA kA aisA ananya dAsa bana gayA thA ki surApAna karate hI vaha apanI saba zapatheM, sabhI pratijJAe bhUla jAtA thaa| madyapAna karate hI usa madyapI sAmantasiMha ke tana mana para chAI haI surA svacAlita yantra ke samAna apane usI pratirAtri ke krama ko duharAnA prArambha kara detI / surA ke car3hate hue naze kI sthiti meM sarvaprathama to sAmantasiMha rUThe hue apane bhAgineya mUlarAja ko manAtA / anunayavinaya karatA, zapathoM kI jhar3I lagA detA, usake caraNoM para apanA mastaka taka rakha detA aura apane paricAraka, svajana, parijana, pradhAnAmAtya, amAtyoM ke samakSa bar3e ThATa se mUla rAja ko saba rAjacihnoM se alaMkRta kara apane rAjasiMhAsana para Page #855 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] 8 797 biThA detA, usakA rAjyAbhiSeka karatA rAjyAbhiSeka ke pazcAt rAjyAbhiSeka mahotsava ke upalakSa meM 108 topeM dAgane kA Adeza detA / jaba taka surA kA unmAda usake mana mastiSka para chAyA rahatA, taba taka hAtha jor3a kara parama AjJAkArI anucara kI bhAMti mUlarAja ke samakSa khar3A rahatA / jyoMhI madya kA mada Dhalane lagatA madyapAtra meM aura madya unDela kara use pAnI kI taraha pI jAtA / madhyarAtri meM, kisI nATaka ke paTAkSepa kI bhAMti usake mastiSka para dUsarI dhuna savAra hotI / lAla-lAla AMkheM tarera kara vaha mUla rAja ko ghUratA, DAMTa para DAMTa aura phaTakAra para phaTakAra kI varSA karatA evaM use hAtha pakar3a kara siMhAsana se utAra, usa vizAla samAroha kakSa se bAhara kara detA aura prati karkaza svara meM samAroha kA visarjana kara surApAna se nizceSTa nissaMjJa ho, kahIM bhI lur3haka jAtA / yaha sAmantasiMha kA pratirAtri kA sunizcita evaM niyata kAryakrama thA / mUlarAja ke kisI vijaya abhiyAna se lauTane para to isa prakAra ke samAroha kI zobhA vastutaH parAkASThA para pahuMca jAtI thI / idhara mUlarAja mana hI mana prapIr3ita thA, pratirAtri meM apane mAtula dvArA kiye jA rahe isa prakAra ke hAsyAspada evaM apamAnajanaka vyavahAra se / udhara mantrIgaraNa, senAnI, sainika aura prajAjana sabhI mUlarAja ke zauryazAlI sAhasika vijaya abhiyAnoM se pUrNarUpeNa prabhAvita the / isakA eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa thaa| do tIna pIr3hI se cApotkaTa rAjavaMza ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna hote Aye rAjAoM ne surApAna ke vaMzIbhUta ho pATaNa ke prabhutva ko uttarottara kSINa karanA prArambha kara diyA thaa| unhoMne apane mahApratApI pUrvaja vanarAja cAvar3A dvArA saMsthApita vizAla gurjarAtra rAjya kI cAroM dizAoM meM dUra-dUra taka prasRta sImAoM ko apanI surA sundarI meM nirata rahane kI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa kramazaH saMkucita, sImita karate karate pratApI cAvar3A sAmrAjya ko eka sAdhAraNa rAjazakti kI sthiti meM lA rakha diyA thaa| ina uttaravartI cApotkaTa rAjAoM kI vilAsapriyatA evaM akarmaNyatA ke pariNAmasvarUpa pATaraNa ke prabhutva ko evaM pAraNa rAjya kI pratiSThA ko bhI bar3A dhakkA lagA thA / jaba se mUlarAja ne yauvana ke dvAra kI dahalI para apanA prathama caraNa rakhA tabhI se sAhasika sainika abhiyAna prArambha kara par3osI rAjyoM dvArA anadhikRtarUpeNa AtmasAt kiye gaye kSetroM para punaH pATaNa kA prabhutva sthApita karanA prArambha kara diyA / mUlarAja dvArA kiye gaye zauryapUrNa saphala vijaya abhiyAnoM ke phalasvarUpa pATaNa rAjya kI sImAnoM ke sAtha sAtha pATaNa rAjya kI pratiSThA meM bhI AzAtIta abhivRddhi hone lagI / yahI kAraNa thA ki mUla rAja svalpakAla meM hI bar3A lokapriya ho gayA / usake prati jana-jana kI zraddhA ne janamAnasa meM gaharA ghara kara liyA / prajAjanoM ke prIti evaM zraddhApAtra mUlarAja ke prati sAmantasiMha ke isa prakAra ke azobhanIya vyavahAra se sabhI loga aprasanna the / prajAjanoM meM sAmantasiMha dvArA Page #856 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 768 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa --- bhAga 3 pratidina mUlarAja ke prati kiye jA rahe isa prakAra ke adbhuta mAnApamAna kA bar3A upahAsa kiyA jAtA thaa|' antatogatvA mUlarAja ke zraddhAlu zubhacintakoM ne aura mUlarAja ne isa prakAra kI hAsyAspada evaM apamAnajanaka sthiti kA sadA ke liye anta karane kA ati nigUr3ha nizcaya kiyaa| sadA kI bhAMti murApAna se unmatta aNahillapurapaTTanAdhipati sAmantasiMha ne ASADhazuklA pUrNimA kI dugdhadhavalA zubhra rAtri meM mUlarAja ko apane siMhAsana para bar3e samAroha ke sAtha abhiSikta kiyaa| usane svayaM "praNahillapUrapadanAdhipati mUlarAja kI jaya ho" ke jayaghoSa kiye| kucha samaya taka vaha donoM hAtha jor3e mUlarAja ke samakSa eka prAjJAkArI sAmanta ke samAna khar3A rahA / isa prakAra sAmantasiMha ne unmattAvasthA meM apanI "rAjadAna" kI prathama dhuna to pUrNa kara dI / parantu arddharAtri meM jaba sadA kI bhAMti mUlarAja kA upahAsa karane kI dhuna usake zira para savAra haI aura mUlarAja ko rAjasiMhAsana se dhakkA de kara utArane ke liye jyoM hI vaha Age bar3hA ki mUlarAja ke prati svAmibhakti kI zapatha liye hue senAniyoM evaM sevakoM ne usa vizAla kakSa meM praveza kara sAmantasiMha ko bandI banA liyA / pUrvaniyojita kAryakramAnusAra mantriyoM, senAniyoM evaM gaNya mAnya nAgarikoM ne mUlarAja kA vidhivat rAtri ke dvitIya prahara kI avasAna velA meM araNahillapura paTTana ke rAjasiMhAsana para abhiSeka kiyaa| isa prakAra vanarAja cAvar3A dvArA vi. saM0 802 meM saMsthApita cApotkaTa rAjavaMza ke aNahilapurapaTTana ke rAjya para vi0saM0 668 meM solaMkI mUlarAja kA adhikAra ho gyaa| yaha mUlarAja solaMkI (cAlukya) rAjavaMza kA saMsthApaka hunaa| mUlarAja dvArA ana hilapurapattana ke cApotkaTa rAjya para adhikAra kiye jAne ke sambandha meM vidhi pakSa (aMcalagaccha) ke itihAsavid vidvAn prAcArya merutuMga ne apane aitihAsika mahatva ke grantha prabandhacintAmariNa meM jo vivaraNa diyA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : ___ "sa itthamanudinaM viDambyamAno nijaparikara sajjIkRtya vikalena mAtulena sthApito rAjye taM nihatya satyaM eva bhUpatirbabhUva / sa0 668 varSe zrI mUla rAjasya rAjyAbhiSeko niSpannaH / 2 __mUla pATha kI eka ("ema" saMjJA vAlI) prati meM etadviSayaka ullekha nimnalikhita rUpa meM hai : 'bAlArka iva tejomayatvAtsarvavallabhatayA parAkramegaga mAtulamahipAlaM pravarddhamAna-sAmrAjya kurvana madamane na zrI sAmaMtasiMhena sAmrAjye'bhiSicyate tvamattenotthApyate ca tadAdi cApotkaTAnA dAnamupahAsaprasiddha / -prabaMdha citAmaNi, pRSTha 23 2 prabandha citAmariNa, pR0 24 Page #857 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 766 "saM0 663 varSe prASAr3hasudi 15 gurau, azvinI nakSatre siMhalagne rAtripraharadvayasamaye janmata ekaviMzatitame varSa trImUlarAjasyAbhiSekaH smjni|"' "malarAja ne apane mAmA sAmantasiMha ko mAra kara aNahilapurapattana ke rAjya para adhikAra kiyaa|" isa prakAra kA ullekha kevala prAcArya merutuGga ne apane prabandha citAmariNa nAmaka grantha meM kiyA hai| udayaprabha sUri ne apane 'sukRtakItikallolinI' nAmaka grantha meM aura arisiMha ne apane 'sukRtasaMkIrtana' nAmaka graMtha meM yaha to likhA hai ki mUlarAja sAmantasiMha kA bhAgineya thA kintu mUlarAja anahilapurapattana rAjya kA svAmI kisa prakAra banA, isa viSaya meM unhoMne kisI prakAra kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| yazapAla ne apane 'moharAjaparAjaya' nAmaka nATaka meM anahilapurapattana ke cApotkaTa rAjavaMza ke uttaravartI rAjAnoM ko surApAna ke liye kukhyAta batAyA hai| itihAsa ke pAzcAtya vidvAn balara ne etadviSayaka 'prabandhacitAmariNa' meM merutuMgasUri dvArA prastuta kiye gaye vivaraNa ko avizvasanIya batAte hue likhA hai"sAmaMtasiMha kA rAjyakAla kevala 7 varSa kA rhaa| usa dazA meM sAmaMtasiMha dvArA apanI bahina kA rAjI ke sAtha vivAha karanA aura usase utpanna hue 6 varSa ke bAlaka dvArA sAmaMtasiMha kA vadha karavAkara rAjasiMhAsana para baiThanA, yaha kisI prakAra buddhigamya nahIM ho sktaa| aisI sthiti meM mUlarAja ne vizvAsaghAta se nahIM apitu apane pauruSa se cAlukyarAja para adhikAra kiyaa|2, __ mUlarAja dvArA sAmaMtasiMha ke rAjya kA saMvarddhana kiye jAne aura antatogatvA sAmaMtasiMha ko mAra kara pATaNa ke rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra kara liye jAne viSayaka merutuMga ke ullekha kA sAmaJjasya biThAne ke liye isa anumAna kA prAzraya liyA jA sakatA hai ki rAjI ke sAtha cAlukya rAjakumArI ke vivAha kI ghaTanA saMbhavataH sAmaMtasiMha ke yauvarAjyakAla kI ho / itihAsa vizeSajJa bUlara ke uparyullikhita AnumAnika abhimata kI puSTi nimnalikhita purAtAtvika pramANoM se hotI hai :(1) bar3anagara prazasti meM ullekha hai ki mUla rAja ne karoM meM bhArI chUTa dekara kara-bhAra ko bahuta halkA banA apanI prajA kA prAntarika sneha prApta kiyaa| usane cApotkaTa vaMza ke rAjakumAroM kA sukhasampatti aura aizvaryapUrNa jIvana banAyA, jinheM ki usane pUrva meM bandI banA liyA thaa| 1 prabandha citAmaNi, pR0 24 2 cAlukyAja praoNpha gujarAta, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI 1956 Page #858 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 500 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 (2) somezvara ne apanI racanA kIrtikaumudI aura damoI ke prazastilekha meM likhA hai :- eka yazasvI vijetA ke sabhI guNoM se samalaMkRta mUlarAja ne apane zatruoM para vijaya prApta kI aura gujarAta ke rAjAnoM kI saMrakSikA rAjyalakSmI svecchA se mUlarAja navavadhu bana gaI / ( 3 ) somezvara ne apanI kRti 'surathotsava' meM likhA hai - mUlarAja ne solA nAmaka karmakANDI dharmiSTha vidvAn ko apanA rAjapurohita banAyA ? 1 ina saba purAtAtvika pramAraNoM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki mUlarAja ne apane bhujabala se 'balAt aNahilapurapattana ke rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra kiyA / var3anagara kI prazasti meM ullikhita - usane cApotkaTa rAjavaMza ke rAjakumAroM ke ( sundara) bhAgya kA nirmANa kiyA, jinheM ki usane pahale bandI banA liyA thA, isa vAkya se yaha AbhAsa hotA hai ki mUlarAja ne praNahilapurapattana ke rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra karate samaya cApotkaTa vaMzIya rAjakumAroM kI bhAMti cApotkaTa ( cAvar3A) rAjavaMza ke antima rAjA sAmantasiMha ( apane mAmA ) ko bhI bandI banA liyA ho, athavA usakA vadha kara diyA ho / ne solaMkiyoM ke mAnya kavi hemacandrAcArya aura somezvara ne apanI kRtiyoM meM mUlarAja kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai kintu isa viSaya para eka zabda taka nahIM likhA hai ki mUlarAja ne pATaNa para apanA prabhutva kisa prakAra sthApita kiyA / mUlarAja rAjasiMhAsana para grAsIna hote hI kara-bhAra ko bar3I mAtrA meM halkA kara apanI prajA kA sneha prApta karane kA prayAsa kiyA, isase bhI yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| ki usane ( mUlarAja ne ) sambhavataH apane mAmA ko bandI banA liyA ho athavA usakA vadha kara diyA ho aura prajA ko apane pakSa meM karane ke liye usane karoM meM bhArI kamI kI ho / 1 ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yaha to spaSTataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki mUlarAja ko cApotkaTa rAjA ne svecchA se athavA zAntipUrvaka apanA rAjya nahIM diyA thA, apitu mUlarAja ne apane bhujabala athavA buddhibala se usa para balAt adhikAra kiyA thA / jisa samaya mUlarAja rAhilapurapattana ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA, usa samaya cAvar3A rAjya kevala sArasvata maNDala taka hI sImita thA, jisameM ki mehasAnA, rAdhanapura aura pAlanapura ke kSetra hI the / DehagAma tAllukA usa rAjya kI sImA meM cAlukyAja grApha gujarAta, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, pRSTha 24 For Private, & Personal Use Only Page #859 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [801 sammilita nahIM thaa| kintu mUlarAja ne prabandha-cintAmaNi ke ullekhAnusAra rAjasiMhAsana para baiThane se pUrva hI aura anya aneka puSTa pramANoM ke anusAra rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna hote hI pATaNa rAjya kA vistAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| __ mUlarAja ke siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hote hI zAkambharI sapAdalakSa ke rAjA vigraharAja ne eka bar3I senA le mUlarAja para AkramaNa kiyaa| usI samaya lATa rAjya ke zaktizAlI pazcimI cAlukyavaMzI rAjA barapA (gogirAja kA pitA) ne bhI pATaNa rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyaa| pRthvIrAjarAso ke ullekhAnusAra mUlarAja ne apane mantriyoM ke parAmarza para kanthAdurga meM prAzraya liyaa| merutga ke anusAra mantriyoM ne mUlarAja se kahA ki zAkambharI nareza Azvina ke navarAtroM ke prasaMga para apanI prArAdhyA devI kI upAsanA ke liye zAkambharI lauTa jaaygaa| usake lauTa jAne para durga se nikala kara lATarAja barapA para AkramaNa kiyA jAya / zAkambharIrAja vigraharAja ko kisI prakAra isa bAta kI sUcanA mila gaI aura usane apanI prArAdhyA devI kI mUrti ko zAkambharI se maMgavA kara apane sainya-zivira meM hI zAkambharI kI racanA kara vahAM apanI pArAdhyA devI kI upAsanA karane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| __mUlarAja ko vidita hA ki vigraharAja zAkambharI nahIM lauTegA to usane apane cAra hajAra sainikoM ko prAjJA dI ki ve rAtri ke samaya pracchanna rUpa se vigraharAja ke sainya zivira ke cAroM ora kucha dUrI para satarka rheN| apane cane hae sainikoM ko isa prakAra kA Adeza de mUlarAja eka sau kosa ke palle kI arthAt binA vizrAma ke daur3ate hue sau kosa kI dUrI para jAkara puna: apane lakSyasthala para pahuMca jAne kI adbhuta kSamatA vAlI sAMDanI (UMTanI) para prArUr3ha ho mUlarAja ekAkI hI zatru ke sainyazivira meM praviSTa ho vigraharAja ke sammukha jA dhmkaa| usane vigraharAja se kahA- "maiM mUlarAja hUM, tumheM yaha kahane pAyA hUM ki jaba taka maiM lATa ke rAjA ko parAsta na kara dUM taba taka tuma mere rAjya kI rAjadhAnI kI ora prAMkha taka na utthaanaa| yaha bAta tumheM svIkAra ho to ThIka anyathA merI senA tumhAre zivira ko cAroM ora se ghere khar3I huI mere iMgita kI pratIkSA kara rahI hai / " vigraharAja ne Azcarya bhare svara meM kahA-"tuma mUlarAja ho / maiM tumhAre adbhut sAhasa aura alaukika zaurya para mugdha hUM ki eka rAjya ke svAmI hokara bhI eka sAmAnya sainika kI bhAMti zatru ke sainyazivira meM ekAkI hI praviSTa ho gaye ho| tumhAre isa zaurya ne mujhe aisA prabhAvita kiyA hai ki maiM jIvanabhara tumhAre jaise zUravIra se maitrI rakhane kA AkAMkSI ho gayA huuN| Ano hama donoM sAtha baiThakara bhojana kreN|" mUlarAja ne bhojana kA nimantraNa asvIkAra karate hue kahA- "mujhe isI samaya lATa kI senAoM para AkramaNa karanA hai|" vaha tatkSaNa apanI sAMDaNI para Page #860 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 802 ] [ jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa-bhAga 3 savAra hA / apanI senA ke sAtha lATarAja barapA ke sainya zivira kI ora vAla vega se bar3hate hue mUlarAja ne usa para bhISaNa AkramaNa kara diyaa| zatru senA kA saMhAra karate hue mUlarAja lATarAja barapA kI ora bar3hA aura bhAle ke eka bharapUra prahAra se barapA kA prANAnta kara use dharAzAyI kara diyaa| mUlarAja ne lATa rAjya kI senA ko parAjita kara usake 10,000 ghor3oM aura hastisenA ko lekara vaha pATaNa kI ora prasthita huaa| mUlarAja kI isa vijaya ke samAcAra sunate hI vigraharAja apanI senA ke sAtha apane zAkambharI rAjya kI ora lauTa gyaa| apanI sainyazakti ko sudRr3ha karane ke anantara mUlarAja ne eka vizAla evaM zaktizAlI senA ke sAtha saurASTra ke rAjA grAhaRpu (grAhAri) para AkramaNa karane ke liye vijayA-dazamI ke dina anahilapurapattana se prasthAna kiyaa| jaba vaha jambumAlI vana meM pahuMcA, usa samaya grAhaRpu ne mUlarAja ke pAsa apanA dUta bhejakara nivedana kiyA ki una donoM ke bIca kisI prakAra kI zatrutA nahIM hai| ataH mUlarAja apanI senA ke sAtha apanI rAjadhAnI ko loTa jAya / mUlarAja ne grAhaRpu ko usake dUta ke sAtha yaha saMdeza bhijavAyA ki - "grAhaRpu bar3A hI durAcArI, duSTa aura para strIgAmI hai / vaha tIrthayAtriyoM ko laTatA aura pavitra ujjayanta parvata para camarI gAya Adi nirIha pazuoM ko mAratA hai, usane prabhAsa jaise pavitra tIrthasthAna ko naSTabhraSTa kiyA hai| isa prakAra ke usake ye saba mlecchAcAra isI kAraNa haiM ki vaha eka mleccha strI se utpanna huA hai| aisI sthiti meM use kabhI kSamA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|" ___apane sandhi prastAva ko mUlarAja dvArA ThukarA diye jAne para grAhaRpu ne yuddha ke lie taiyAriyAM prArambha kara dI / mUlarAja ne usa para AkramaNa kiyaa| donoM pakSoM kI ora se aneka rAjAoM ne usa yuddha meM bhAga liyaa| jisa samaya donoM pakSoM ke bIca yuddha nirNAyaka sthiti meM cala rahA thA, usa samaya turuSkarAja apanI TiDDI dala tulya vizAla senA ke sAtha grAhaRpu kI sahAyatA ke liye raNAMgaNa meM prA upasthita huaa| donoM ora se bar3A hI bhayaMkara saMhAraka yuddha huA / mUlarAja aura usake sAthI rAjAroM revatamitra, zailaprastha, mahitrAta, saptakAzI nareza, zrImAla ke paramAra rAja, bhillarAja Adi ne adbhuta zaurya aura sAhasa ke sAtha yuddha kiyaa| ati bhISaraNa aura lambe yuddha meM grAhaRpu aura usake pakSadharoM kI senAoM kA bahuta bar3A bhAga yamadhAma pahuMcA diyA gayA aura zeSa senA chinna-bhinna ho raNakSetra se palAyana karane lgii| mUlarAja ne grAhaRpU kI aora siMha kI bhAMti jhapaTate hue usa para bhIpaNa bhalla prahAra kara use Ahata kara bandI banA liyaa| mUlarAja kI antima rUpa se vijaya huI aura usane samasta saurASTra maNDala para apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara liyaa| Page #861 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ vIra samvat 1000 se uttaravartI prAcArya ] [ 803 ___ kaccha pradeza ke rAjA lakSa ne jo ki apane samaya kA bar3A zaktizAlI rAjA aura grAhaRpu kA ananya sakhA thA, mUla rAja se kahA ki vaha grAhaRSu ko apane bandIgaha se mukta kara de parantu mUlarAja ne usake prastAva ko yaha kahakara ThukarA diyA ki grAhaRpu durAcArI, duSTa, atyAcArI hone ke sAtha-sAtha gaumAMsabhakSaka hai, ataH use kisI bhI dazA meM kSamA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___ mUlarAja dvArA apane prastAva ke ThukarA diye jAne para kaccha ke rAjA lakSa ne mUlarAja ke sAtha yuddha kI ghoSaNA kara dii| donoM pakSoM meM jamakara lomaharSaka yuddha huA aura antatogatvA mularAja ne bhalla ke eka bhISaraNa prahAra se lakSa ko niSprANa kara bhUmisAta kara diyaa| raNabhUmi meM niSprANa par3e lakSa ke mukha para mUlarAja ne pASNiprahAra kiyaa| isa para lakSa kI mAtA ne mUlarAja ko zrApa diyA ki usako aura usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ko anta samaya meM kuSTa roga hogaa| isa prakAra mUlarAja ne saurASTra aura kaccha - ina donoM hI rAjyoM para adhikAra kara pATaNa rAjya ke purAtana prabhutva ko punaH saMsthApanA kii| __ kucha dina prabhAsa tIrtha meM rahane kara mUlarAja ne navavijita kaccha aura saurASTra rAjyoM ke zAsana kI suvyavasthA kI aura vaha apanI senA aura zatrarAjAoM kI vipula sampadA ke sAtha anahilapura pATana lauTa aayaa| mUlarAja ke zAsanakAla meM gujarAta kI sarvatomukhI pragati hii| usane rAjasva Adi karoM meM ullekhanIya kamI kara kisAnoM kI Arthika sthiti ko samunnata kiyA / mUlarAja niSThAvAn zivopAsaka thA aura sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ke prati samabhAva aura samAdara rakhatA thaa| usane anahilapurapattana meM mUlarAja-vasahi kA nirmANa kara jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke prati madhura vyavahAra pradazita kiyA / mUlarAja kI rAjasabhA meM somezvara jaise apane samaya ke apratima kavi the isase sAhitya aura saMskRti ke prati usake pragAr3ha prema kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| - mUlarAja ne apane zAsanakAla meM apane solaMkI rAjya ko aisI sudRr3ha nIMva para zaktizAlI rAjya kA svarUpa pradAna kiyA ki pIr3hiyoM taka usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ko kisI prakAra kI bar3I kaThinAI kA anubhava nahIM huyA aura ve samaya samaya para videzI AkrAntAoM se AryadharA, dharma aura saMskRti kI rakSA karane meM sakSama rhe| mUlarAja dvArA saMsthApita solaMkI (cAlukya) rAjavaMza ke bhIma, durlabha rAja, kumArapAla Adi rAjAoM ne jainadharma kI abhyunnati, abhivRddhi meM pragAr3ha ruci ke sAtha jo ullekhanIya yogadAna diyA, vaha jaina itihAsa meM sadA-sadA sammAna ke sAtha smaraNIya rhegaa| Page #862 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 804 ] [ jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa bhAga 3 AcArya hemacandra ne apanI amara kRtiyoM meM mUla rAja kI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA kara usakI kIti ko cirasthAyinI banA diyA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prAcArya hemacandra kA, mUlarAja kI prazaMsA meM, eka zloka yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : haririva balibandhanakarastrizakti yukta: pinAkapANiriva, kamalAzrayazca vidhiriva, jayati zrI-mUlarAja-nRpa : / / malarAja ne apane putra cAmaNDarAja ko usakA zikSaNa samApta hote hI yuvarAjapada pradAna kara prazAsanika kAryoM meM use apane mArgadarzana meM kuzala bnaayaa| anta meM mUlarAja cAmuNDarAja kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara svayaM rAjakAryoM se pUrNataH nivRtta ho gayA / anta meM apane caraNAMguSTha meM kuSTha roga ke lakSaNa dekha kara mUlarAja ko saMsAra se virakti ho gaI / usane bhAvasanyAsa grahaNa kara annajala kA tyAga kara iMgitamaraNa kA varaNa kiyaa| svecchApUrvaka mUlarAja dvArA sanyAsamaraNa kA varaNa kiye jAne ke sambandha meM prAcArya merutuga ne apane grantha prabandha cintAmariNa meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai ___ "itthaM tena rAjJA paMcapaMcAzadvarSANi niSkaNTaka sAmrAjya vidhAya sandhyonIrAjanAvidheranantaraM rAjJA prasAdIkRtaM tAmbalaM vaNThena karatalAbhyAmAdAya tatra kRmidarzanAttatsvarUpamavagamya vairAgyAtsaMnyAsAMgIkArapUrvaM va dakSiNa caraNAMguSThe vahniyojanApUrvaM gajadAnaprabhRtIni mahAdAnAni dadAno'STabhidinaiH / " uddha makezaM padalagnamagnimekaM viSehe vinayakavazyaH / pratApino'nyasya kathaiva kA yadvibheda bhAnorapi maNDalaM yaH / / ityAdibhiH stutibhiH stUyamAno divamAruroha / atha saM0 668 pUrva varSANi 55 rAjyaM malarAjena cakre / ' isa prakAra vizAla araNahilapurapaTTana sAmrAjya kA saMsthApaka mahArAjAdhirAja mUlarAja solaMkI 55 varSa ke apane sudIrghakAlIna zAsana meM gujarAta ko sarvataH samRddha aura zaktizAlI banAne ke pazcAt vi0saM0 1053 meM paralokagAmI huaa| ' prabandha cintAmaNi pRSTha 26 Page #863 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ upasaMhAra prabhAvaka caritra ke racanAkAra AcArya prabhAcandra (vi. saM. 1334) se lekara vartamAna kAla taka ke prAyaH sabhI jaina itihAsa ke vidvAn lekhakoM ne prAcArya devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI jaina itihAsa ko andhakArapUrNa batAyA hai / "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa" nAmaka prastuta granthamAlA ke dvitIya bhAga meM Arya sudharmA svAmI se lekara Arya devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa kAla taka ke 1000 varSa ke jaina itihAsa ke Alekhana ke anantara agretara itihAsa ke pAlekhana ke liye sAmagrI ekatrita karane ke prArambhika prayAsa meM kramabaddha prAvazyaka aitihAsika sAmagrI upalabdha na ho sakane ke kAraNa hamArA bhI anumAna thA ki isa granthamAlA ke tIsare bhAga meM vIra ni. saM. 2000 taka ke jaina itihAsa kA Alekhana sampanna kiyA jA skegaa| kintu dakSiNa ke aneka granthAgAroM, makhyataH madrAsa, dhAravAr3a, mUDabidrI aura maisUra ke sUvizAla granthAgAroM meM zodhakArya prArambha karane ke pariNAmasvarUpa hameM jaina itihAsa kI itanI vipula sAmagrI upalabdha ho gaI ki prastuta kiye jA rahe "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3" meM hama devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla kA pUre 500 varSa kA itihAsa bhI nahIM de pAye ki yaha grantha vahadAkAra grahaNa kara gayA / isa kAraNa loMkAzAha taka kA jaina itihAsa tIsare bhAga meM samAviSTa kara dene ke apane pUrva saMkalpa ke uparAnta bhI hameM tRtIya bhAga ke prAlekhana-mudraNa ko yahIM samApta karanA par3a rahA hai| isase Age kA, vIra ni. saM. 1475 se 2000 taka kA, jaina itihAsa isa grantha mAlA ke prAge ke cauthe bhAga meM samAviSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta sabhI dharmasaMghoM ke dharmAcAryoM, zramaNoM, upAsakoM, anuyAyiyoM evaM prazaMsakoM se hamArA vinamra nivedana hai ki ve isa grantha ko manoyogapUrvaka AdyopAnta par3heM aura niSpakSa bhAva se evaM nirmala mana se satya kA sAkSAtkAra kreN| ____ isa itihAsa ke pAlekhana kA mukhya lakSya jaina dharma ke mUla AgamAnusArI AdhyAtmika rUpa ko ujAgara karanA rahA hai / ise ujAgara karate hue itihAsa granthamAlA ke prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya bhAga meM bhI hamane bar3I sAvadhAnI ke sAtha barAbara yaha dhyAna rakhA hai ki kisI bhI jaina bandhu, jainAcArya athavA kisI bhI sampradAya Page #864 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 806 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga - 3 vizeSa para AkSepa rUpI yA kisI ke bhI hRdaya ko dukhAne vAle zabdoM athavA bhASA kA prayoga kahIM bhI nahIM pAne pAve / phira bhI satya kA udghATana evaM pratipAdana karate hue kahIM koI apriya yA kaTu bAta likhane meM prAI ho aura usase kisI ke mana para coTa lagI ho to hama apane antaHkaraNa se usake liye kheda prakaTa karate hue jinezvaradeva kI sAkSI se kSamA yAcanA karate haiM / prAzA hai tatva jijJAsu evaM itihAsa rasika pAThaka vRnda guNagrAhI hokara zabdoM ke kalevara ko na pakar3ate hue kevala bhAvoM kI ora apanA dhyAna rakkheMge evaM AlocanA karate samaya bhI satyAnveSI taTastha dRSTi se ve saba viSaya vastu ko dekheMge / ziSTAcAra evaM bhadra vyavahAra ko nahIM bhUleMge / hAM, tamasAvRtta samajhe jAne vAle isa kAlAvadhi ke itihAsa ko andhare se ujAle meM lAne jaise isa kaThora bauddhika zrama sAdhya kArya meM skhalanAtroM kA honA sahaja sambhAvya hai / aisI sthiti meM jahAM kahIM koI aisI skhalanA pAThakagaraNa ke dRSTigocara ho to usase hameM maMtrI bhAva se avagata karAne kA kaSTa ve avazya kareMge, aisI AzA hai, tAki Age usa para vicAra kiyA jA sake / gacchataH skhalanaM bhUmau bhavatyeva pramAdataH / hasanti durjanAstatra, samAdadhati sajjanAH / / sujJeSa kiM bahunA / Page #865 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pariziSTa 1. zabdAnukramaNikA 2. sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI isa granthamAlA para prApta sammatiyAM 4. 'do zabda' kA AMglabhASAyI mUla 5. zuddhi-patra Page #866 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #867 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 1. zabdAnukramaNikA (ka) tIrthaGkara, prAcArya, rAjA, bhAvaka mAvi prakalaMka-138, 152, 260, 267, 430, 468, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 628,654 akalaMka candra-537 akalaMka deva-537 prakalaMka paMDita-536 prakalaMka muni-537 prakalaMka munippa-537 akalaMka deva mUlasaMgha-537 akalaMka vidya-537 prakAla varSa-287, 288, 260, 736 agni zarmA-446, 464 pragrajanmA-410 aMgarAja-308 pracalacanda-710 prajjava yati-640 prajavarmA-285 prajayA-441 ajita-180, 182, 261. 268, 712 ajitasiMha-526, 714 prAMjatasena-20, 23, 162, 487 prajita yaza-407, 410 arjuna-264, 474 aDuguru-310 pratibhakta nAyanAra-496 pradipama-320 ananta kIrti-137, 136 ananta vIrya-242,248 appara-488, 486, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 787 prappAyika govinda-506 apsarA-505 aparAjita-180, 211, 213, 214, 218, 219, 265, 536, 540, 763 abhayakIti-138 abhayacandra-137, 165 abhayanandi-165 abhayadevasUrI-11, 12, 56. 100. 101. 102, 105, 106, 678, 682, 683, 712. 713 abhimAnadAnI-242 abhi-288 ambAdevI-516 ambarIza-237 ambikA-16, 194, 522 ammana-284 ammarAja-181 amarakIti vallAla-300 amarUka-562 amarendukIti-138 amala bhaTTa-204 amarasiMha-670 pramitasAgara-467, 670 pramoghavarSa-266, 282, 283, 284, 287, 288, 654, 667, 672, 673, 674, 668, 666. 762 Page #868 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 810 1 ayyana - 616 prarkakIrti - 16, 17, 261, 618, 616 bali - 14, 150, 247, 646, 653 nandi siddhAntadeva - 171 arahanta -348 rahanemi kuratti - 184 zrarikesarI varmana - 543 ariSTanemi - 612, 646, 650,786 arisiMha - 766 grarUmalideva- 266 prallaTa-685, 686, 687, 700, 701, 702. 712 avinIta- 265, 287, 288, 542 azoka - 236, 238 praSTopavAsI- 242, 786 bhA AkAzavatra - 465 zrAditya- 167, 763 Aditya cola - 284, 308 Aditya varddhana - 505, 506 AdinAtha - 245, 505. 687 686, 702, 703, 751. 782 AnaMda- 228. 576 Ananda girI - 550. 564 zrAma 466, 561. 562. 563, 564, 565. 566, 567, 568, 566, 600, 601. 602, 603, 606, 607, 608, 606, 610, 611, 612, 651, 656. 660, 661 Arjavayati 570 708 Azvina 801 grAmaga-217 ha iDiyama 316 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga - 3 sadDaMga - 619 itsiMga- 511 indra- 474, 626, 656, 762 indrakIrti - 263 indra nandi- 264, 267, 445, 653, 744 indra-nIti-varSa - 264 indrabhUti-227 indrAyudha - 644, 648, 646 indu - 288, 266, 267 indurAja gaMgagAMgeya - 281, 266 immar3i - 314, 315, 321 IreyaSA - 268 Izvara sUrI - 530, 685 u uddaNDa velAyudha bhAratI - 463 uddAyana- 228 udayacandra - 165 udayaprabha sUrI - 528 526. 766 udayabhadra sUrI - 530 udayAditya - 272. 305. 306 udyotana - 642, 643, 647 udyotanasUrI-85. 87, 115, 116, 387, 388, 362, 446, 447, 465, 641, 642, 643, 644, 646, 647, 651, 657, 658, 676, 66, 730, 731, 736. 740. 741 umaraNa RSi - 745 umaraNa - 383 umarakoTa-465 umA svAti - 462, 463. 676 ulla - 732, 733 Page #869 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [811 ekkaladeva-271 ekala-244 ekala rasa-244 ekAMtada ramaiyA-256, 480, 550 eca-306, 322, 323 ecae-322 ecala devI-304, 305 eDaya-666 enADi kuTanana-168, 183, 188 eraga-271 eraga gaMga-266 eriga-266 ere gaMga-266 ereyaMma-304, 305, 306 elamballI deMkiseTTi-244 elAcArya-268, 654 kanaka kIrtI-165 kanakanandi-165. 166 kanakanandi vidya-247 kanakiyarrAsa-271 kannara-260, 763 kaniMghama-637 kaniSka-5, 221 kaniSka-380, 361 kapadi-262 kamba-256, 261, 262 kamala prabhAcArya-68 karka kakka-286, 264, 265, 266, 218 krakacca-546, 565 karNa-526 kardama-713 kaladhautanandi-165 klanile deva-242 kalambe-268 kalpAka-576 kalaza prabha-706 kalhaNa-553. 617, 623, 624, 630, 631, 632, 633, 635. 636, aicirAja-322 aireyappA-625, 626 projadeva-171 proDayadeva-487, 466. 467 RSabhadeva-1, 2, 166, 256, 346, 353, 446, 447, 641, 644, 687, 686, 754, 780, 782 kalyANa kIrtI-165 kalyANa vijaya-107, 676, 708 kalvara kalvana-468 kRSNa-260, 262, 263, 264, 266, 628, 626, 644, 648, 657, 658, 663, 664. 665, 762. kakuruntigala ceI-187 kaMguvarmana-281 kaMcagI bhaTTa-274 kaMcana-266. 270 kaDugona-472 kaNAdagupta-551 kadamba-180 kadamba siMgI-287 kRSNasvAmI esa-476 kRSNa varmana-283 kRSNa varmA-285 kRSNa RSi-465, 466, 651, 665 kAkU-417 Page #870 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 812 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kAkutstha varmA-275, 276, 277, 278, 281, 282 kADuveTTI-270 kAttaM vIrya-14, 166, 175, 246, 263 kArtikeya-280 kAnu pillaI-266 kApAlika-460 kAmadeva-228, 284 . . kArapAsika-525 kAlaka prArya-67 kAlakAcArya-364, 441 kAlIdAsa-281 kAMvadeva-284 kAzyapa-28 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla-236 kkibhAra tirUcA-186 kiriyA mAdhava-263, 264 kizanaRSi-382, 567, 568 kIrtideva-271, 276, 284, 285, 286, 26.,657 kIrtivarmana-626, 627, 628 kotiSaNa-650 kuntala-281 kunda kunda-121. 122. 123, 133 137, 140, 141, 150, 151, 188, 186, 222, 224, 654 kundama rasa-284 kundarA devI-284 kubja pANDya-473, 475 kumArilla bhaTTa-545, 546, 547, 548, 546, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 556, 557, 564, 565, 566, 761 kumAra-507 kumAradanta-277 kumAra nandi-137 kumArapAla-576, 803 kumArasena-613, 614, 615, 616 kurattIyAra-200 kurattIyAra kanakavIra-167, 168 kulakumudacaMdra-565 kulacandra-152, 166, 172 kulabhUSaNa-151, 152, 165 kulabhUSaNa vaividha vidyAdhara-245 kuvalaya prabha-35, 36, 37, 38, 48, 54, 55, 331, 358 kuSmANDinI devI-163, 166 kUrcapUrIya-101 kUratIgala-168, 186, 187, 198 ketubhadra-235, 237, 236 kezavacanda-138 keleyanvarasI-304 kokkala-283, 284 koMgariNa varmA-261, 263 koTTAcArya-461 koTyAcArya-452, 453, 461. 678. 682 koDbhaTTa-275 koDerasa-284 kotUranAthu-187 kotta ranAntuve-187 kopparUnjIbigA-463 kopara bhaTTa-275 kaumAradeva-151 kauzala-412 khaMgAra-685 khar3agAMvaloka-286, 536, 628 khimaRSi-661, 662, 663, 664, 665 khumAraNa-703 khusaro-541 khemakaraNajI-383 Page #871 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 813 khoTTiga-264, 266, 762 gaMga-180 gaMgakItti-138 gaMgadatta-256 gaMga rakkasa-266, 270 gaMgarasa-270, 272 gaMgarAja-261, 271, 306, 312, 313, ____318, 316, 320, 321 gaMgarAja viTTiga-271 gaMgarAya vallAla-306 07, 110, 708,710 gajasena-383 gajAdharalAlajI-121 gajendra-322 gaNDarAditya-152, 153, 154, 155, / 156, 157, 158, 156, 160, 161, 167, 166, 171, 172 gaNarAditya-143, 168, 170, 171, 175. 176, 186 garaNA-485 gaMdhahastI-676, 680 gargaRSi-725 gargaSi-728, 726, 730, 732, 734, 742. gardabhilla-67 graNDa vimukta-165, 322 grahavarddhana-507 gAndhArIdevI-258 grAharipu-802, 803 grAhAri-802 guNakItti-166, 250 guNacandra-137, 165, 245, 308 guragacanda deva-165 guNadhara-668 guNanandi-137, 165, 287, 744 guNabhadra-23, 141, 142, 148, 283, 266, 444, 445, 613, 614, 615, 616, 652, 655, 656, 667, 736, 737, 738 guNamattiyAra-788 guNasundara-445 guNaratna-215 guNarAvijayAditya-666 guptAdevI-505 gupti gupta-136, 140 gulAbacandra caudharI-180 gulivAci-324 gUvala gaMgadeva-171 gogIrAja-801 goGka-166, 175 goMkala-171 gautama-47, 48, 46, 50, 51, 52, 87, 107, 148, 337, 338, 336, 340, 346, 347, 346, 354, 355, 356, 357, 372, 402, 462 gopanandI-165, 305 gopAla-526 gopInAtha TI0 e0-467, 468 gommaTeza-163, 262, 308, 311 . goravarSa-284 golAcArya-151 govinda-16, 267, 286, 260, 261, 262, 263, 626, 644, 648, 646, 657, 658, 656, 668, 666, 762 govindammA-263 govindasUri-601,612, 661, 764,765 govinda suvarNa-264, 792 Page #872 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 814 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-3 cintAmaNI vinAyaka baidya-646 ceTaka-306 celanA-306 cellaketana-737 celladhvaja-737 canna pArzvanAtha-324 colarAja-266, 260, 305, 311 cakragoTTa-305 cakrezvarI devI-535, 536 cakrAyudha-656 caTTala-266, 270 caTTiyala rasi-271 caturmukha-305, 742 candra-725 candrakIrti-138, 136, 166 candragupta-148, 223, 224, 278, 281, 582 candradeva-244, 283 candra pramu-353, 365, 436 candraprabhu sUri-106, 110 candra sUrI-675 candrasena-142, 654 candraSi-423 candrApIr3a-633, 634, 635 candikanve-317 caraNAmbujAta yugabhaMga-317 cAkIrAja-16, 267, 261, 618, 620 cAmagaur3a-245 cAmuNDa rAja-804 cAmuNDarAya-162, 163, 164, 176, 181, 182, 246, 257, 268, 266, 267, 308, 316, 320, jaimAraNa-526 jakkanve-244, 265, 324 jakkiyabbe-243, 263, 762 jagacandrasUrI-736 jagatakorti-138 jagatuMga deva-654, 656 jagamAla-382, 500, 501. 703 jajjagasUrI-530 jambU-41, 612 jazobhadra-382, 446, 450, 454, 457, jasavantajI 383 jasavaddhaNa kSamAzramaNa-365 jayakItI-165, 305, 537 jayakesI-267 jayad aMkakAra-270 jayanta-486, 527, 528 jayanandi-137, 407, 408, 406 jayamalla-527 jyeSThAMga gaNi-3, 4, 384, 707, 706, cAMpA-576, 576 cArUkIti-138, 165, 166, 167, 173 / / cArUnandi-138 cAlukyarAja-165, 280, 161, 304 jyeSTha mUti-708, 706 jayazekhara-573 jayasiMha-265, 308, 466, 543, 616, 625, 651 jayasena-267, 382, 383, 456, 460, 466, 500, 538, 650, 745 jayavarmA-273, 286 cAlukya vikrama-27. cAvimayya-324 cintAmaNI-383 Page #873 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 815 jinezvara sUrI-61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 66, 100, 101, 102, 115, 117, 428 jinendra varNI-433 jIrNa-306 jIvarAjajI-383 jugalakizora mukhtyAra-433 jeThAbhAI dalasukha-56 jerAttuga-284 joittamalla-710 jogA-527 jogarAja-527 joharApurakara vI. pI.-140, 615, 653 Telara-272 jayavarAha-646 jaya vIra-347 jayA-676, 677 jvAlAmAlinI-14, 16, 182, 164, 246, 262, 268, 744 jAMba-576, 578, 576, jitArI-513 jinacandra-85, 87, 110, 136, 138, 140, 188, 250 jinadatta-103, 132, 395, 676 jinadAsa gaNi-132, 205, 345, 365, 366,423, 442, 451, 538 jinadeva-784 jinapatti sUri-103, 430 jinabhaTTa sUrI-514, 515, 523 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa-205, 243, 384, 364, 365, 423, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 456, 461, 462 jinanandi-243 jinasena-20, 23, 141, 142, 148, 260, 262, 297, 438, 486, 467, 468, 613, 614, 615, 616, 644, 648, 646, 650, 652, 655, 665, 666, 667, 668, 666, 666, 736, 737, 738 jinayaza-701 jinavallabhasUrI-57, 58, 100, 101, 102, 103, 127, 143, 144 jinAnandasUrI-406, 407, 406 jinendracandra-165 jinendra buddhi-152 jinezvara gaNi-88, 86, 61, 62, 63, 65,103 DiDikoja-266 DimiTriyasa-234 Dimita-234 taDaMgala mAdhava-264, 275, 282 tapAvirudadhara-741 tArAdevI-516, 535, 536 tArAnAtha-550, 551 tArApIr3a-634, 635 tigmarocI-317 tirupappara-436, 472, 473, 475, 476, 480, 481, 482,463, 486, 486, 460, 461, 462, 466, 467, 588, 786 tirUsaMbaMdhara-256 tirUcaranatyu-187 Page #874 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 816 ] tirUcAraNattu kuratigala - 183 tirujna saMmadhara - 256 tirUnA vukka rasa-491 tirU nAvukarasara- 460 tirU nAvuraDu nayanAra-463 tirUparUtI kuratI - 183, 166 tirUmale kuratI - 168 tirUmalaM kuratI - 183, 168 tiru jJAnasaMbaMdhara- 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 482, 483, 456, 487, 456, 467.468, 786 tumbulUrAcArya - 654 turuSkarAja -802 tejugI - 166 tevara tApa loka gAvuNDa - 244 tevAram - 483. 553 tela - 265, 266, 268, 301, 308. 325. 326, 616 tadeva - 283, 284 tailapadeva - 284 toraNAcArya - 262 toramANa - 380, 362,368, 420, 421 pa thAvaccAkumAra- 612 thirapAla dhruva - 464 da dar3iga - 15, 16, 134, 246, 247, 248, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263 daMDaka - 764 datta - 717 dantidurga - 260, 536, 623, 625, 627, 628, 626, 657, 668 danti varmA - 286, 536, 628 dabbU bhaTTa - 274 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 dabhra bhakta - 486, 487, 466 dazaratha sena - 736 dazA bhadra - 338 dayApAla - 670 darzana sUrI - 685 dramuka - 338 dalasukhabhAI mAlavariyA - 144, 177, 536 dAma - 320 dAma nandi - 165 dAmodara 320, 383 dAsa varmana - 616 dAkSiNya cinha - 387 divAkara - 243 divAkara nandi- 243 dvijAmbA - 264 dugmAra- 266 dunduka - 608, 610. 611. 612 duHprasaha-2 durga - 734 durga svAmI - 446 464, 485, 732. 733, 734, 735, 742 durlabhadevI - 407, 408, 406 durlabharAja - 86, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 7, 8, 100, 103, 115, 116. 428, 803 durlabha varddhana - 633 d durvinIta koMgiNaM. delA mahattara sUri- 485 deva RSi- 382, 383, 501, 502, 745 deva kIrti - 250 deva gupta- 365, 446, 464, 642 deva caMdra - 128, 126, 166.243, 740 devacaMdra sUrI - 575 580, 581, 675 devacaMdralAla bhAI - 681 -61, 265 Page #875 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 817 devaddhigaNi kSamA zramaNa-1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 25, 26, 27, 38, 36, 46, 56, 67, 68, 66, 73, 75, 76, 86, 87, 100, 105,, 113, 117, 120, 130, 131, 134, 160, 206, 210, 232, 262, 327, 347, 374, 381, 382, 385, 386, 363, 424, 431, 441, 451, 466, 678, 805 devabhadra-101, 103, 736, 741 deva nandi-137, 151 deva sUri-431, 741,785 deva sena-142, 145, 146, 147, 148, 202, 203, 204, 206, 613, 614, 615, 716 devasena svAmI-382, 638, 636 deva varmA-243, 275, 286 devendra kIti-138, 136, 162, 163, dhanarAjajI-383 dhana zrI-748, 781 dhanezvara sUrI-713, 714, 740, 741 dharma-757 dharma RSi-3, 384, 664, 707, 706 dharma kIrti-136, 366, 551 dharma kola-758, 756 dharma ghoSa-3, 384, 465, 466, 706 dharma candra-138, 136 dharmadAsa gaNi-440, 441, 442, 730 dharmanandi-137, 276 dharmapAla-551, 552, 557 dharma sAgara-110 dharma sena-165, 410, 423, 424, 451, 460, 461, 462, 463 dharmarAja-565, 566, 567, 568, 566, 600, 601, 602 dharamIvarAha-703 dharasena-445 dhavala-576 dhavalarAja-688, 703 dhAriNI-676 dhra va-260, 261, 626, 646, 657, 658, 698 dhRtarASTra-765 droNa-762, 763, 766, 767, 768, 766, 770, 771 776, 780, deza bhUSaNa-137 desAI, pI0 bI0-14, 166, 170, 173, 181, 182, 161, 166, 246, 480, 481, 484, 616, 760 nanda-406, 476 nandarAja-234, 235 nandi-654, 786, 787, 788, 786, banabhaya-258 dhanadeva-781, 782 dhanapatasiMha-681 dhanapAla-265, 366, 746, 747, 746, 750, 751, 753, 754, 755. 756, 757, 758, 756, 760, 761, 774, 777, 778, 776, 783,784 nandi paNDita-165 nandirAja-271 nandivardhana-234, 576 nandi varmA-267, 261 nandi varmana-626, 628 nannasUrI-601, 612, 701, 711, 712 Page #876 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 818 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3 nahuSa-300 nayakIrti-165, 313 nayanakIrti-136 nyAya vijayajI-433 naracandra-137 naranandi-137 narasiMha (nanniya gaMga)-271 narasiMha deva-315, 318, 316, 323, 324 narasiMha rAyabahAdura 537 narasiMha varmana-486, 487, 541, 542, 543, 544, 625 narasiMha varmA-307 naravarddhana-505 narahariyappa-626 narendra koti-138 narendra purohita-404 nAgacandra-137, 250 nAgArjuna-131, 233, 762 nAgadaNDa-266 nAga-446, 464 nAgabhaTTa-660, 661 nAgahasti-444, 445, 654 nAgaladevI-280, 313 nAga varmA-317 nAgAvaloka-660 nAgendra-725 nATTikappaTArAra-183 nAthUrAma-121, 125, 205 nAnaka jI svAmI-383 nAbhikIti-136 nAlakUra amalanemI-183 nAlakUra kurattI-183 nAyaputta (mahAvIra)- 364 nArAyaNa-651 nAlaguNDa-762 nikalaMka-532, 533, 534, 535, 536 nimbadeva-143, 152, 154, 155, 156 167, 166, 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 186 nirUpama-267 nivRtti-725 nItimArga-261, 268 nInA-576 nIlakaMTha zAstrI DA. ke. e.-303, 304, 475, 486, 506, 541, 542 782 nRpakAma-15, 302, 303 napatuga-268, 463, 674, 763 nedumAra-473 neha-576 nemacandra-137 nemIcandra-136, 163, 164, 176, 180 181, 182, 163, 246 / / nemicandra bhaNDArI-103 nemIcandra bhAMDAgArika-103 neminAtha-166, 175, 257, 256, 780 nolambAdhirAja-268 pa paMcastUpAnvayI-650, 665, 667 paTTinI kurattiyAra-183 paTTinI bhaTTAra-168, 183, 174 paNDArama-468 papa-138, 784 padmanAbhana esa.-186, 160, 223, 224, - 256, 443 pagranandi-138, 136, 150, 151, 244 276, 284, 613 padmanAtha svAmI-383, 704, 705 papAvatI-14, 16, 182, 164, 241, 266, 300 paradezI-228 Page #877 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 816 parapa-267 perAmpiDugu mattarAiyana-468 paramahaMsa-515, 516, 517, 518, 516, peramAjagadeka malla-308 520, 521, 533, 536 periyAra-789 paramAnanda zAstrI-537 perUra kuratti-184 parameSThI-667 permADideva-320 paramezvara varmana-543, 544, 625, 626 / pocikavve-320 parAMtaka-763 poyasala-15, 164 parijJAta karmAmuni-31 pRthvI koMgAlva-242 palla paMDita-243 pRthvI gaMga-264 pallavarAja-266, 280, 282, 283, pRthvIpati-763 261 pRthvIpAla-576 pAThaka DA. ke. vI.-129 pRthvI vallabha-286, 536, 628 pADivata-107 pratApa ballAla-308 pANinI-670 pratApazIla-506 pArasIka-621 pradyumna-701, 712 pArisaNNa-324 pradyotana sUrI-676 pAruSadeva-245 prakhyAta kIrti-138 pAlyakIti-180, 211, 212, 213, prabhava-273, 612 670, 671, 672, 673 prabhAkara varddhana-506, 507 pArzvanAtha-1, 38, 170, 175, 222, prabhAcandra-7, 110, 128, 126, 137, 224, 256, 270, 284, 313, 138, 136, 151, 166, 242, 581, 644, 648, 788 243, 247, 248, 263, 262, pAzupata parivrAjaka-460 267, 308, 316, 317, 606, picca kuratti-196 678, 805 pille nAyanAra-486 prabhUta varSa--162, 620, 621 puriNasa-306 prabhUta varSa govinda-267, 618, 616 purUravA-266 prabhUta varSIballabha-260 puruSottama-532 prasannacandrAcArya-101 pulake sina-285, 286, 506, 510, 541, priya bandhu-256 542, 623, 625, 660, 661 / / prola-325, 326 puSpadanta-264, 265, 266, 267 puSpasena-468 phatehacanda belAno-433 puSyamitra-3, 4, 66, 237, 384, 503, phalgumitra-384 504, 526, 541, 568, 708, phalgumitra-706 704 phlITa-288, 286 mitra zuga-264 Page #878 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 820 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 3 bAlacandra yatindra-248 baMkeya-282, 672, 737 bAla sarasvatI-165 baMkayA-666 . bAlAditya-45-5, 617, 633 baTTakera-180, 443, 446 bAhubalI-176, 181, 182, 243, 246, baTezvara-464, 465, 466, 642, 647 257, 266, 207, 667 bar3A varasiMhajI-383 bAhubalI devasiMha-243 baDezvara-365 bAhubalI bhaTTAraka-243 bappa-586, 587 bijjala-325, 326 bappadeva guru-654 bimbasAra zreNika-228 bappanandI-744 bIja-764 bappa bhaTTI-367,584, 587,588, 560, bur3hAgariNa-365 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, . buddha-222, 381, 415, 505, 511, 566, 567, 568, 566, 600, 512, 518, 516, 728 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, buddhAnanda-406, 407, 413, 414, 415, 606, 607, 608, 606. 610, 416, 422 611, 612, 656, 660, 661 / / bUTa sarasvatI-770, 773, 774, 777, bappArAvala-700 778 bamma-322, 323 bUtuga-763 bamma gAvur3a-167 bUlhara-274, 281, 286, CRE barapA-801,802 beTTadAmanandi bhaTTAraka-247 baladeva-447, 647 baMtAli-165 baladeva upAdhyAya-546,547, 548, 553 bodhA-661, 662, 663 baladevaNNa-306, 323 boppacamUpati-306, 313 balabhadra-686, 687 . bauddharAja-535 balavarma-618 bRhaspati mitra-235 balavarmana-620 brahmacArI esa. pI-31 ballAla deva-165, 166, 167, 168, / brahma dIpaka siMha-66 171, 264 brahmanandi-137 balibhadra-685, 686, 687, 688, 700, / brahmA-266, 511, 545, 555, 604 702, 861 basanta kIrti-147, 148 bhagadatta-256 basavA-256, 550 bhaTTI-586, 587 bAgapI DA. pI. sI.-622, 623 bhaNDArakara-620 bAcala devI-270 bhaNDI-507, 508 bANa-266, 505, 506, 507, 508 bhadra-653 bAlacandra-165, 282, 284 bhadrakItti-587 bha Page #879 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA / [ 821 bhairava-546 bhogI varmA-285 bhoja-151, 608, 610, 611, 612, 717, 744, 745, 747 746, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 756, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766 768, 766, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 776, 780 bhojadeva-651 makaradhvaja-244 maMgu-441, 654 majUmadAra pAra0 sI0-660 maNDana mizra-557, 556, 560, 561, bhadragaNikSamA zramaNa-461 bhadrabAhu-2, 137, 140, 141, 142, 146, 188, 186, 205, 222. 224, 230, 231, 367, 364, 368, 366, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 438, 442, 650, 676 bharata-152, 156, 210, 256, 322 bharatasena-743 bhartR bhaTTa-700 bhartRhari-366 52, 553, 620 bhAI deva-166 bhAgIratha-281 bhAraNa-527, 528, 526, 530 bhAnu-338 bhAnukIti-165, 241, 244, 245 bhAnunandi-137 bhAratI-557, 561, 562, 563 bhAvacanda, bhAvanandi-137 bhAva sAgara sUri-18 bhAskara varmana-507, 510, 511 bhIma-475, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 766, 770, 776, 780, 782, 783, 803 bhIma RSi-383, 502, 567 bhIma deva-576 mujadeva-466 bhujabala gaMga pommAdi deva-248 bhuvaDa-573, 578 bhuvana kIrti-136 bhUtabali-654 bhUta rasa-268 bhUvanakamalla-272 bhUvikrama-261, 266, 542, 543 bhekha-166 madhukezvara-276. 284 madhumitra-676 manu-280 mantasana-383 mammaI kuratti-184, 196 mammar3a-446, 464 mammaTa-688, 702, 703 mammuni-636 mayUra varmana-272, 280, 281 mayUra varmA-272 mariyAne-306, 322 malla-266, 406, 407, 408, 406, - 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 422, 423, 658 mallayagiri-438 mallideva-284 mallapAri-165 malladhAri rAjezvara-203 malliSeNa-324 masaNa-313 Page #880 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 522 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3 mahattarA thAkinI-514 mahAkIrti-137 mahAgiri-5, 6, 25, 26, 108 . mahAcanda-137 mahAlakSmI-700, 702 mahAvIra-1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 16, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, 36, 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 55, 56, 64, 65, 66, 70, 73, 75, 76, 77, 80, 84, 85, 87, 8, 102, 105, 124, 126, 128, 141, 146, 178, 188, 160, 163, 204, 206, 207, 208, 206, 211, 227, 228, 226, 230, 236, 252, 262, 273, 276, 327, 341. 353, 356, 363, 364, 366, 367, 368, 372, 373, 374, 375, 382, 360, 364, 406, 423, 441, 445, 448, 446, 450, 457, 458, 456, 460, 461, 464, 462, 466, 500, 501, 538, 536, 567, 568, 585, 638, 636, 646, 651, 662, 663, 664, 688, 704, 705, 706, 707, 715, 717, 725, 736, 741, 756, 788, 762 mahAmeghavAhana khAravela-66, 231, 233, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 264, 467 mahAsumina--706 mahAsUrasena-383 mahAsena-383, 506, 665, 666 mahAsenA--505. 506 mahicandra-137 mahitrAta-802 mahipAla-256,264, 743, 762, 763 mahendra-703, 783 mahendra kIrti-136 mahendracandra-165 mahendrapAla-743 mahendra varmana-436, 472, 473, 475, 478, 476, 480, 486, 487, 486, 460, 462, 466, 468, 541, 543, 545 mahendrasUrI-530, 745, 746, 747, 748, 746, 751, 754, 760 mahendrasena-165 maheza-604 mahodadhi-267 maMca-444, 445, 654 mAgha-717, 718 mAghacandra-137 mAghanandi-137, 138, 136, 140, 141, 142, 143, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 156, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 167, 247, 248, 322 mAcikavve-371 mAr3ava varmana rAjasiMha-627 mAr3hara sabhUti-34, 384, 566, 570, 571, 584, 640, 664, 708, 706, 745 mAriNakacandra-437 mAriNakyanandi-137, 265 mA-tvAna-lina-510 mAdirAja-323 mAdhava-15, 16, 134, 246, 247, 248, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 547, 546, 558, 564 Page #881 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 823 maunI bhaTTAraka-743 yati vRSabha-141, 443 yadu-300 yayAti-300 yaza-407 yazaH kIrti-136, 136, 165 yazodeva-365 yazonandi-136 yazobhadrasUrI-685, 686, 688, 686, mAdhavacandra-165, 248, 322 mAnadeva-676, 677 mAnatuga-505 mAnavarmA--542, 543 mAran-468 mArasiMha-171, 261, 266, 268, 294, 266 mArasiMhadeva-241 mAlatIdevI-284, 286 mAlava devI-276 mimalara kuratti-184 migI kumAna-184 miljhalurukku-186 mihirabhoja-661 muktApIr3a-630, 635 mukula-736 muja-663, 747, 746, 755 muMjAla-765 municandra-14, 20, 23, 104, 248, 246, 262, 263, 442, 784, 785 munindra kIrti-136 munisundarasUri-104 muhammadina kAsima-633 mUrtInAyanAra-486 mUlarAja-576, 703, 763, 764, 766, ___767, 768, 766,800,801, 802, 803, 804 meSacandra-137, 165, 316, 320 meSacandra vidyadeva-247 metArya-214 merukIrti-137 merutuga-798, 766, 801, 804 motIlAla banArasIdAsa-220, 43 moha bhaTTa-275 maunIdevI-243 yazomatI devI-506 yazovardhana-455 yazo varma-617, 618 yazo varmA-553, 588, 586, 560, 561 562, 563, 602, 620 yazovarmana-617, 618, 619, 620, 622 623, 624, 630, 631, 635 656, 660, 661 yazovAdI sUrI-712 yakSa-665 yakSadattagaNi-46, 465 yakSadatta mahattara-132, 365, 465, 651 yakSa varmA-671 yakSasena-132, 365 yakSA-231 yakSadinA-231 yAkinI mahattarAsUnu [bhavaviraha]-132, 133, 365, 367, 410, 641, 643 yoginyAcArya-152 rakkasa-annana-baMTha-266 raghu-281 raMka-417, 418, 416, 420 rajAvaloka zauca kammadeva-262 Page #882 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 824 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 raTTa--180 raNavigraha--263 raNattha galasa--186 raNasiMha--441, 442 ratna--267 ratnakIrti--138, 146 ratnanandi--137, 202, 203, 213 ratna prabhasUrI--441 ratnazekhara sUrI--411 ratnAditya--527 rana--180, 182 ravikIrti--192 ravi gupta--365, 532 ravicandra svAmI--243 ravicandra deva-317 ravinandi--268 ravi varmA--216, 220, 243, 276, 277, 283, 286 rakSita-216, 217, 218, 216, 256 / rAisa bI. ela.--308 rAca mala--162, 176, 181, 246, 247 266, 666, 267, 781 rAjaRSi--568, 638 rAjA cUr3AmaNi--266 rAjAditya--268 rAja mala--303 rAjyavarddhana--505. 506, 507, 508 rAjyazrI-504, 508 rAjazekhara--671 rAjimati--167 rAjI--764, 765 rAjendra cola--270 rAnI bhaTTa--274 rAma--258, 256 rAma RSi svAmI--383, 663, 664, 668, 704 rAmakIti--136 rAmacandra--136, 165 rAmadAsa--526, 527 rAmanandi--243 rAmabhUSaNa prasAdasiMha--16, 20, 21, 220 rAmasena--145, 715, 716 rAmAnujAcArya--256, 306, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 318 rAmAsvAmI ayaMgara--66, 256, 272,274, 263, 226, 472, 474, 475 rAya malla--257 rAyasiMha--544 rAvaNa--621 rASTrakUTa-180 rekhacandajI caudharI-486 rekhA-628 revatamitra-802 revati-3, 676 robarTa sevala-303 rohaNagirI-165 rohiNI devI-258 rudra-326 rUpajI svAmI-383 rUpasiMha-383 rUpa sundarI-572. 574 laghu varasiMghajI-383 llaMgovati eraiyana-468 lalita kIti-138, 165, 245 lalitAditya-622, 623. 624, 630, 631. 635. 636. 637, 661 lavasattamadeva-336 lakSa-803 lakSmaNa-258. 256 lakSmI-626, 718, 716 lakSmIcandra--137. 136 Page #883 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA } [ 825 lakSmIdeva-14, 248, 246, 262, 263 / / varmadeva-248 lakSmI devI-263, 313, 320 varmalAta-718 lakSmI pallava-383 varAha mihira-401, 402, 403, 4.4 lakSmI vallabha-6.62, 663, 664, 668 405,472 lAMgalI-447 varuNa nAga naTumA-306 lAlajI svAmI--383 vallabha-260, 657, 685 liMgA-482 vallabhadevI-407 lIlAdevI-765 vallabha sUrI vikrama-542, 543 luisa rAisa bI.-258, 263, 288, 286, vallAla-305, 306 300, 315 vasantakIrti-138, 147 lokacandra-137 vasudeva-423 lokasena-141, 615, 653, 656, 736 vAkaThika-281 lokAditya-267, 738 vAkpatirAja-565, 602, 603, 604 lokAzAha-66, 805 605, 606, 612, 617, 620 lohAcArya-137 621, 622, 624 vAgIza-460, 461, 463 vajra-62, 66, 85, 130, 206, 353 / / vAdIza-486 354, 356, 357, 365. 441 vAmana muni-222, 224 vajranandi-137, 146 vAdi vaMtAla-712, 754, 781, 783 vajravAriNa-243 vAdirAjasUrI-165, 468, 670, 671 vasiMha-527 vAdIbhasiMha-267, 436, 486, 487, vajrasena-625 466, 467, 468 vaciNI devI-505 vAriSeNAcArya-276 vatsarAja-261.644,648,646,650,658 vAsava nandi-700 vadarNa gupu-265 vAsantI devI-300 vanarAja cAvaDA-83, 65, 567, 572 vAsudeva-170 574 se 584 taka 764, 768 vAsudeva sUrI-687, 688, 702 varaguraNa-168, 266 vAsavasu candra-165 varaMguNa-261 vAsu pUjya deva-245 varaguraNa varamana-763 vAhari-684 varddhana kunjara-601, 602 vikrama-265,542, 543, 626 varddha mAna-85,166,262,364,714,735 vikrama kAMgaNi varDa-265, 266 varda mAnakIrti-138 vikramAditya-125, 146, 272, 278, vardamAna deva-15, 20, 101, 317 / 285, 303, 307, 544, 616 vardamAna mUrI-85, 88, 86, 60, 61, 62 623, 625, 626, 660 65, 66, 67,68, 103, 116 vigraharAja-687, 801,802 Page #884 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 826 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vijaya maharSi-383 vijayadAna sUrI-110 vijayanta-527, 528 vijaya narasiMha deva-313 vijaya zivamRgezavarma-206, 210, 219 220, 243, 276 vijayasiMha-743, 782, 783 vijayasena-441,666 vijaya zrI-442 vijayA-441, 676, 677 vijayAcArya-160, 211, 213, 214 536 vijayAditya-170, 171, 176, 267, 544, 626, 666 vijayA mahAdevI-256 vidagdharAja-687, 688, 700, 702 703 vidyAcandra-138 vidyAnandi-137 vidyAbhUSaNa-136 vidyAdhara-725 vidyAdhara joharApurakara-145, 147 vindyAdri-261 vindya sena-281 vinayanandi-222 vinaya mitra-384 vinayaratna-441 vinaya vijaya-3 vinaya sena-613, 614, 615, 616 vinayAditya-15, 302, 303, 304, 544 vinasenTa smitha-476, 480 vinAyakapAla-743, 744 vibhavAditya-261 vimala-576 vimalagaNi-675 vimalacandra-701, 714 vimalamati-675, 677 vimala sUrI-677, 742 vimalasena-142, 202 vimalAditya-16, 18, 16, 20 viliyama monyora-222, 224, 225, 235 vivekAnanda-222 vizvacandra-137 vizvezvara-550 vizAkhamuni-4, 5 vizAlakIrti-136, 165 viSNu-305, 306, 321, 474, 480, 604 viSNu kumAra-67 viSNu gupta-256 viSNu gopa-264 viSNu nandi-137 viSNu parihAsa kezava-636, 637 viSNurAmA svAmin-637 viSNu varddhana-306, 307, 308, 306, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 317, 318, 316, 321, viSNu varmana-282, 283 viSNu varmA-285 vizAkhagaNI-384 vIra-364, 566 vIra jayavarAha-644, 648 vIra jasa-458, 456 vIradatta-676, 677 vIra deva-270 vIranandi-137, 151 vIrabhadra-382, 385, 368, 406, 423, 448, 641, 643 vIra sUrI-785 Page #885 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 827 vIra sena-141, 142, 148, 282 267, 457, 458, 613, 614, 615, 616, 652, 65.3, 654, 655, 656, 665, 666, 667, 668, 666, 736 vIrendra varmA (DaoN.)-303 vuDDhavAI-132 vuSka bhaTTa-28 venbAI-627 vaikaTArya-166 varamegha-286, 536, 628 voppadeva-320, 321, 322 vRddhadevasUrI-128, 126, 675, 676 vRddhAnanda bhikSu-406 vRnda-446, 464 vRSabha-444, 445, 754 vRSendra sena-165 vRhadratha-66 vRhaspati-461 vRjaTa-260 vRjanandi-470 zAnabhoganara hariyappa-657 zAMtibhadra-688. zAMtiyaNa-324 zAMti varmA-216, 275, 276, 277, 282, 283, 285, 434 zAMtala devI-306, 315, 316, 317 zAMti sUrI-754, 781, 782, 783, ___ 784, 785,46zAmba kuNDa-654 zArdUla-437 zAlibhadra-686 zAli vAhana-703 zAli sUrI-686, 687, 661 ziruttoMDA-486, 487, 466 ziriviya kuruttiyAra-183 zilAditya-407, 411, 412, 413, 416, 417, 418, 416, 420, 422, 451, 455, 505, 510 ziva-480, 484, 505, 686 zivakoTi prAcArya-123 zivakumAra-250 zivagupta-646 zivacanda-446, 464 zivanandi-137, 443 zivamRgeza. varma-135 zivamAra-267, 261, 658, 781 zivarAja-383 zivaratha-275, 286 zivArya-160, 214, 443, 540, 743 zivazarma sUrI-436 zIlaguNa sUrI-83, 65, 567, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 580, 581 zIlAMka-364, 675, 677, 678, 680, 681, 682, 683, 684 zIlAcArya-675, 677 684 zabara svAmI-546 zyAma-364 zyAma zAstrI-266, 486 zala prastha-802 zazAMka-507, 508, 510 zazidatta-338 zatru kesarI-468 zAkaTAyana-151, 160, 211, 212, 213, 218, 242, 540, 670, 671, 672 zAkya-414, 420 zAMti kIrti-137 zAMti deva-15 zAMtinAtha-152, 244, 316, 606, 648 Page #886 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 828 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 - zIlacandra-137 zIlabhadra-785 zIla mitra-3, 384 zIlahAra mahA kSatriya jatiga-171 zukadeva-612 zubhakIti-138, 165, 250 zubhaMkara-717, 718, 721, 723, 724, 725 zubhacandra -136, 165, 311 zubhacandra siddhAMtadeva-320 zubhatuga-260, 532 zeSagiri rAva bI0-272, 274, 283, 266, 472 zobhana-746, 747, 748, 746, 750, ____ 751, 752, 753, 756, 760 zaMkara-262, 476, 478, 494, 546, . 547, 553, 556, 557, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 686 754 zaMkarAcArya-176, 545, 547; 546, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566 zaMkarasena-382, 448, 446, 454, 461 - 636, 662 zaMkha-228 satya vAkya-268, 266 satyAzraya-616 sattarassa nAgArjuna-263 sthUlabhadra-2, 141, 230, 231, 441 sanmati-364 samita Arya-66 samudrasena-607, 608, 743 samaMtabhadra-22, 75, 123, 128, 126, 433 se 438, 532, 654 samprati-65, 238, 236, 240, 467 sambandhara-83 sambhUti-3, 4, 344, 566, 584, 625, 640, 706 sayyaMbhava-63, 612 sarakAra pri0ca0-278 sarasvatI-412, 474, 522, 588, 660, 717, 756, 757, 763, 773, 776 sarvadeva sUrI-128, 527, 736, 745 sarvanandi-122, 123, 443, 461, 462, 463 sarAvatI (mahAsatI)-67 sarvagupta-540 sala-15, 245, 268, 266, 300, 301, 302 svAtI-384, 462, 463 svadharmabhadra-364 svayambhU-742 sahadeva sUrI-712 sahasrakIrti-136 sAr3ha-785 sAtakariNa-234 sAmantasiMha-527, 675, 754, 765, 766, 767, 768, 766 . skandaka araNagAra-373 skaMdila-131, 231, 232, 233, 606 skaMdha varmA-265 sakalacandra bhaTTAraka deva-244, 245 sakala bhUSaNa-136 saMgrAmasiMha-762 saMghadAsa-410, 423, 424, 451 sTena-622, 623 satyamitra-2, 3, 386, 361, 363 800 sAlikanAtha-550 Page #887 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] sAvadyAcArya - 37, 38, 48, 49, 50, 51, 130, 52, 54, 68, 85, 129, 131, 358, 366, 367 sAhasaturaMga - 266, 260, 536, 628 sAhisUrI-463 siMdhula- 663, 664 siddharSi - 485, 717, 718, 725, 726, 727, 728, 726, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735 siddha- 717, 718, 716, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 728, 785 siddhasUrI - 530 siddhasena - 66, 132, 406, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 586, 560, 561, 52, 53, 564, 600, 601, 610, 656, 660, 712 siddhasena kSamAzramaraNa- 365, 450, 451 siddhAiaMga korijAI - 187 siddhAntadeva (gaNDa vimukta ) - 318 siddhAyikA- 788 sindhurAjA - 265 silavana devI - 468 siMha - 275, 526, 676 siMhakIrti - 138 siMha gari kSamAzramaNa - 410, 461 siMhadeva - 322 siMhanandi - 15, 134, 136, 161, 162. 180, 242, 246, 247, 248, 246, 260, 261, 262, 263 siMha prasthI - 236 siMha varmana - 491 siMha varmA - 122 siMha viSNu - 492 siMha sUra- 461 siMha sUrarSI - 122, 443, 462 sImandhara svAmI - 151 sukhendra kIrti - 136 sujaya - 441 sudatta - 10, 20, 23, 164, 245, 251, 28, 266, 301, 302 sudhanvA - 546, 547, 548, 546, 550, 565, sudharmA - 1, 25, 26, 38, 36, 41, 46, 75, 61, 462, 805 sundarI - 265 sundara pANDya - 472, 473, 475, 478, 50000 476, 480, 487, 486, 466, 468 ghada 2011 suprabha - 717 supArzva prabhu - 244 subrahmaNya ayyara - 256, 475 subAhU paNDitAcArya - 165 sumiraNamitra - 3, 4, 706 sumatisUrI - 686 summiyavvaM rasi - 271 surendrakIrti - 138, 136 suraprabha-717, 718 suvihita garie - 107 suhastI - 5, 65 [ 826 sUracandra - 138 sumiraNa mitra - 384 mUrakIrti - 137 surapAla - 518, 520, 521, 522, 523, 573, 575, 584, 585, 586, 587 sUrAcArya - 60, 61, 62, 63, 100, 115, 116, 485, 725, 732, 733, 760, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 766, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777778,776 Page #888 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 830 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 sUrezvara-563 sUrasenajI-383 seNavIra-348 sena-653 sendraka-276 seloTora bI0 e0-15, 475 soma-266 soma gandha-308 somadevasUrI-20, 21, 22, 23, 165, 217, 218, 264, 267 soma prabhAcArya-527, 528, 526, 530, somezvara-270, 307, 308,766 soma sundarasUri-104 sopIdeva (prathama)-284 sorideva-244 solA-800 zrI vasunandI-137 zrI sutanandI-165 zrI siddhasena divAkara-345 zrI sarakaniMghama-382 zrI harSa-260, 265, 266 zrutakIrti-137, 248 zrutakIti vidya-166, 170, 175 zrutadevI-408 zrutadevIsvarUpA gaNA-735 zrutasAgara sUrI-147, 215, 220, 226 haMsa-515, 516, 517, 518, 533, zrI kRSNa-228, 287, 423, 646 zrI kalaza-202, 203 zrI candra-136 zrIjA-266 zreNika-287, 411 zrIdatta-256 : zrIdevI-577, 578, 576 zrI dharadeva-263 zrI dharAcArya-165 zrI nandI-137 zrIpAla-668 zrIpAla vidyadeva-313, 317, 321 zrIpuruSa-266, 625, 626, 627 zrIbhUSaNa-137, 136 zrI mandira-243 zrI mala-527 zrI vijaya-270, 282 zrI vatsa-477, 644, 647 zrI vallabha-644, 648, 646, 763 hRdi nandi-137 hantiyUra-318 harigupta sUrI-386, 388, 386, 360, 362, 363, 364, 367, 446, 464 hari nandI-137 haripta gupta-386 haribhadra sUrI-58, 76, 108, 126, 130, 131, 132, 210, 211, 326, 330, 331, 341, 348, 346, 363, 367, 386, 388, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 410, 421, 422, 423, 446, 451, 464, 513, 514, 515, 516, 516, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 533, 536, 641, 643, 644, 646, 728, 726, 730, 732, 733, 734 harimitra-3, 5, 384 hariyadevI-701 hariyANanda sUrI-530 hariyanvarasI-317, 318 Page #889 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] hari varmA - 264, 265, 276, 280, 283, 286 irizarma svAmI - 383, 705, 706, 717 hariSeNa - 460, 464, 466, 538, 743 hari sena- 382 hala soge bali- 313 harSa kIrti - 139 harSanidhAna sUrI - 367 harSavarddha ta - 505, 506, 507, 508, 506, 510, 511, 512, 617, 620, 622, 633 hastImalajI ( prAcArya ) - 122, 141, 278 hAgala hallI - 245 hAriti - 280 hArila sUrI - 3, 76, 108, 132, 387, 388, 406, 410, 424, 425, 426, 426, 433, 440, 441, 450, 464, 526, 642, 644 himazItala - 535, 536 hiraNyavarmana - 626 hIrAcanda zrojhA - 646 hIrAlAla - 434, 438 hUgarAja toramANa - 387, 361, 363, 454, 644 hUNa rAja mihirakula - 454, 455, 456 hegana javakeyupa - 244 makIrti - 138, 13e hemacandra - 7, 31, 438, 661, 742, 800, 804 hemanta - bAla diraNayara - 388 manandI - 242 hemasena (paNDita) - 165 lAcArya - 744 hve natsAMga - 454, 511, 512, 633 hoyasala narasiMha - 463 kSa kSamA RSi - 661, 663 kSamA zramaraNa- 385 kSatriya kumAra - 15 kSemendra mukti - 136 - 505, 506, 510, tridAma vibudhAnandAcArya - 308 tribhuvana malla - 307, 318, 320 tribhuvana svayambhU - 612 triloka pUjya - 336 za jJAna RSi- 383 jJAnabhUSaraNa - 136 jJAnavijayajI - 433 [ 831 jJAna saMbaMdhara- 472, 483, 486, 487, 488, 553, 554, 564, 787 Page #890 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ (ba) mata, sampradAya, vaMza, gotrAdi aMcala gaccha-736, 768 prayyAvale pAMca sau-166, 170, 175. bharaNyacArI-116 maIphAlaka-202 paraboM-617, 625, 630, 633, 660 kambojoM-636 kallUrI-251, 293, 264, 325 kalabhra-467, 468, 466 kRSNaRSi-465, 651 kAraNa ragaNa-15, 176, 180, 181, 182, 191, 204, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 284, 260, 276, 316 kAkatIya-325 kApAlika-564, 565 kArakoTa-630, 633 kAreyagaNa-181, 191, 250 kAzyapa-708 kASThA-203, 470, 613, 614, 615, prAgamika-104 mAjIvaka-193 prAcalika-104 ikSvAku-134, 253, 258, 256, 424 upakeza-365, 53. eregittara-192 mosavAla-651, 686, 703 kaNDUragaNa-181, 161, 204, 243 kadamba vaMza-135, 192, 163, 206, 216, 243, 244, 251, 252, 253, 264, 251, 272, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 276, 280, 281, 182, 283, 285, 286, 474, 506, 566 . kanakotpalasaMbhUta-204 kanakotpala saMbhUta vRkSamUlagaNa-192 kanakotpalaga-180 kundakundAnvaya-166, 174, 204, 276 kumudIgaNa-180, 181, 191 kuSANavaMzIya-380 kUrcaka-5, 6, 12, 135, 243, 276, 282, 550 kUrcapurIya-102 koTika-26, 75 koTimaDuva-191, 243 koDa kundAnvaya-189, 24, 245, 247, 287, 292 kauNDinya-316 kharataragaccha-78, 110 Page #891 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] ga gaMga - 16, 66, 134, 176, 180, 181, 163, 242, 246, 247, 246, 250, 251, 252, 253, 257, 258, 256, 260, 261, 263, 266, 267, 266, 270, 271, 272, 275, 282, 285, 287, 288, 294, 266, 266, 474, 506, 542, 566, 580, 618, 620, 625, 626, 627, 626, 666, 761, 763 gardabhilla - 253 gRdhrapiccha-- 368 gugaliyA -- 686 gurjara - 268, 294, 506, 506, 575, 576, 576, 580, 561, 582, .625, 628, 657, 754, 766, 771, 775, 778, 776, 780, gupta - 278, 388, 386, 360, 394, 506 gopucchaka--716 gonanda - 632, 633 gaur3a - 261, 507, 565, 566, 568, 566, 600, 601, 602, 620, 621, 622, 631, 632, 636, 637, 658, 771 gautama - 706 gopya - 160, 203, 207, 208, 206, 211 catura-686 candra- 711, 712, 740, 782 cApotkaTa - 573, 768, 766, 800 cArathuI - 710 cArvAka - 564 764, 765, 767, [ 833 cAlukya - 163, 251, 253, 267, 272, 276, 280, 285, 266, 260, 307, 308, 320, 325, 326, 486, 541, 542, 543, 544, 618, 616, 620, 623, 625, 626, 627, 628, 646, 657, 661, 666, 766, 801, 803 cAvar3A - 572, 578, 646, 800 citravAla - 741 cedi - 253, 263 bera-253, 467, 466, 470, 786 caityavAsI - 5, 6, 7, 12, 18, 24, 27, 28, 35, 36, 37, 55, 56, 57, 56, 60, 61, 63, 69, 70.73, 78, 76, 60, 81, 83, 84, 85.86, 87, 60, 1, 3, 5, 6, 66, 100. 101.102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 120, 123, 126, 127, 128, 126, 130, 131, 133, 143, 144, 177, 178, 176, 182, 187, 188, 225, 240, 252, 262, 327, 331, 341, 358, 366, 367, 374, 380, 427, 500, 502, 526,531, 567, 572, 575, 580, 581, 685, 688, 666, 661, 665 maMtra- 736, 740 caitravAla-714 bola - 167, 242, 253, 256, 257, 260, 26, 307, 316, 467, 466, 470, 626, 628, 786, 763 colagaMga - 271 Page #892 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 834 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 cauhAna-686, 703 jhAmar3a-703 digambara bhaTTAraka-120 dughoDiyA-686 devasaMgha-150 dezigaNa-161, 174, 265, 537 dvaitavAda-556 tapAgaccha-110, 688, 736, 781 tigala-320 titriNIka-180, 162, 241, 244, 245, 276 tibbatI-630, 636 terApaMthI-126, 368 telugu-628 tailaMgo-320. thAnezvara-506 thArapadra-464, se 466, 651, 712, 781, 752 nandi-136, 140, 150, 162, 161, 192,.243, 261 nAgila-740 nAgendra-406, 422, 453, 527, 530, 572, 641, 743 nAgavaMza-630, 633 nirgrantha mahAzramaNa-135, 243, 276, 282 nivRtti-485, 530, 677, 725, 733, 740, 742 nispicchaka-145, 368, 716 nunnavaMza-241 nuhna-245 naSkarmya-563 darada-636 ' dravir3a-146, 147, 148, 168, 466, 470, 716 digambara-19, 20, 26, 117, 118, 116, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 133, 134, 135, 140, 141, 142, 144, 146, 174, 178, 176, 180, 184, 185, 188, 186, 161, 163, 194, 165, 166, 198, 196, 202, 203, 204. 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 213, 215, 218, 220, 226, 260, 263, 368, 375, 376, 433, 434, 438, 443, 445, 466, 461, 462, 467, 532, 536, 550, 613, 628, 648, 646, 665, 701. 712, 715, 716, 743, 744, paJcastUpAnvayI-652. 653 paJcastUpAnvayI sena-736 pratihAra-656, 661 prameya kamala mArtaNDa-267 paramAra-771, 774, 802 pallava-289, 261, 307, 436, 467, 475, 463, 466, 541, 542, 544, 545, 626, 658, 668, 786, 763 pAMcarAtra-563 pAMDya-168, 253, 256. 261, 266, 264, 443, 467, 468, 4666 470, 471, 475, 481, 466. 543, 553, 626, 627 pippalaka-465 785 Page #893 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 835 punnAga vRkSa mUla-166, 180, 181, 192; 204, 261 punATa-644, 648, 646, 650, 652, 653, 665, 668, 666, 743 punamiyA-103 puSkara-653 puSpabhUti-512, 617 pustaka-166, 174, 537 pUriNamA-430 pogarI-653 poyasala-245, 251, 252, 253, 266, - 300, 301, 303, 474 paurava vaMza-253 paurNamAsika-106 136, 136, se 146 taka, 152, 161, 162, 164, 165, 167, 171, 172, 174, 177 se 176, 182, 186 se 186, 220, 252, 262, 327, 368, 372, 652, 653, 665, 736 maMDArI-686 bhaMDi-646 bhAgavata-563 bhAradvAja-706 bhUyaDa-765 bhairava-564 baTezvara-466, 651 baDagaccha-736, 740, 741, 781 bahmadvIpika-676. 680 baraDiyA-651 balagArI-161 balahAra-161 balAtkAra-161, 537 baNDiyUra-161 bAga-266, 542, 763 bAharaNa-530, 733 briTiza-463 bauddha-163, 224, 381, 486, 488, 386, 460, 505, 506, 516, 517, 518, 521, 522, 523, 532, 533, 545, 546, 551, 552, 554, 564, 601, 685, 725, 726, 727, 786 madrava-180, 191 maThavAsI-6, 12, 133 mahAyAna-221, 380, 381, 512 mayUrapiccha-368 mAr3hara-570 mAthura-203, 470, 715, 716 mAnavya-280, 286 mAnavya-280, 286 muslima-663 mUlasaMgha-173, 174, 203, 204, 242 244, 245, 276 mUlasaMgha-204 melApa-anvaya-161 meSa pASANa-176, 180, 161, 162 244, 247, 248 mor3ha-584, 601 maurya-253, 506 bhaTTAraka-5, 12, 17, 24, 27, 28, 117, 116, 120, 121, 126, 127, 128, 126, 133, 134, 135, yati-177, 188, 660 yadu-15, 253 yazasvI gupta-338 yAdava-268, 266, 300, 301, 302 646, 668 Page #894 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 836 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 yApulIya-160, 208, 211 vaikhAnasa-563 vaidika dharma-30, 545, 546, 547, 555, vaidumba-763 vaiSNava-163, 237, 254, 256, 268, 308, 306, 311, 376, 465, 512, 563, 565, 612 raTTa vaMza-14, 166, 175, 163, 248, 246, 251, 253, 262, 263, 287 rAjagaccha-110, 711, 712, 713, 714 rAThor3a-287, 646, 685, 687, 700, 702 rAmAnuja-318, 550 rASTrakUTa-162, 251, 252, 253, 267, 268, 287, 288, 286, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 301, 474, 506, 532, 536, 566, 618, 623, 626, 628, 626, 644, 546, 657, 660, 698, 666, 736, 760, 761, 763 lahira cApotkaTa-576 liMgAyata-550 vajji-234 vaghaToM-626 vaTa-740 vaNDiyUra-180 vanavAsI-26, 75, 85, 17, 115, 128, 126, 433, 675, 711 varma vaMza-646 vasativAsa-26, 57, 58, 56, 63, 75, 77, 86, 60, 62, 66, 101, 102, 103 vRhadgaccha-530 .. vRhad pauSadha zAlika-741 vidyAdhara-132,364, 365, 530, 740 vedAMtiyoM-376 veMgI-261 zveta paTa-470 zvetAmbara-116, 117, 118, 116, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 126, 133, 134, 135, 141, 144, 168, 177, 178, 176, 184, 187, 188, 163, 165, 166, 168, 166, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 218, 216, 220, 226, 232, 243, 368, 375, 376, 434, 438, 444, 445, 482, 536, 550, 654, 671, 710, 711, 715 zvetAmbara bhaTTAraka paramparA-120 'zvetAmbara mahA zramaNa saMgha-135, 276, 282 zAntara-241, 270, 280, 262 zAlmalI-260 zilAhAra-143, 170, 172, 253, 626 zizu nAga-253 zizodiyA-686, 700. 712 zava-66, 163, 253, 256, 264, 268, 376, 436,.467, 472, 475, 478, 476, 486, 487, 486, 460, 461, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 505, 506,510,512 Page #895 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 837 zramaNa paramparA-70, 82, 83, 84, 85, sUrastha-180, 192, 242, 243, 268 86, 87, 18, 100, 106, sena-150, 614, 615, 653, 665 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, solaMkI-464, 526, 763, 768, 800 126, 262, 358, 360, 431, 803 500. 501. 502. 531. 660 saudharma-26, 75 zramaNa saMgha-150, 381 zramaNopAsaka-426 haTUnDiyA-688 zrI pUjya-177, 188 hathUnDI-687, 688, 702, 703 zrImahArAja hariguptasya-360 hasti kuNDI-688 zrImAlI-576. 577. 576.785 harivaMza-253, 424, 646 zrImUla-180. 192 hArita-462 hArila gaccha-132, 363, 446, 464, sthAnakavAsI-126, 368, 376, 382 465, 642, 644, 651 saMvega-363 hInayAna-221, 380, 381, 512 saMvigna-441 hUla-505, 506, 701 sAMDera-530, 685, 686, 687, 661 hoyasala (rAjavaMza)-66, 245, 252, sAMDerA-685, 686 254. 271, 268, 266, 301, sAMDerAva-685, 686 302, 303, 304, 305,.306, sAtavAhana-253 307,.308, 306, 311, 312, siMha-150 474, 566, 580 suvihita-106, 111, 114, 231, haihayoM-267 237, 346, 353, 526, 531 / / sUryavaMza-135, 242 kSatriya-642 Page #896 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ (ga) prAma, nagara, prAMta, sthAnAdi akbanA vasadi-304 bhaMga-307 aMgaDI-288, 300, 301, 302, 304, alAnura-265 avanti-526, 636, 644, 648, 646, 657, 658, 662, 745, 746, 783 aMgarana-307 aMjana-147, 148 ajantA-281 ajamera-138 praNahilapura-77, 83, 576, 750, 760, 762, 778, 782, 784, 785, 764, 765, 768, 800, 802, 803,804 pradaraguMcI-161 anantazayana-563 annahila pattana-86, 60, 65, 68, 100, 101, 105 anupa koNDA-325, 326 anurAdhApura-543. aphagAnisthAna-661 arbuda-740, 774, 774, 776, 780 ahamadAbAda-56 pahicchatrA-388, 386 mahola-250 ayodhyA-621, 754 arkalgRda-303 araba-622, 623, 633, 636, 661 arinda maNDalama-484 alagaramala-787 altema-276 prAghATaka-736 prAghADa-736 prADakI-161 prAdhirAjya mAMgalyapura-460, 463 prAnDI-265 mAMdhra pradeza-8, 161, 254, 311, 468, 482, 541, 653 pAnamalei-483 mAnaM mala-787 prAbu-222, 224 prAryapatta-253 prArakATa-268, 481, 787 prArsejakare-303 prAvutavUra-762 prAsandInADa-313 prAsAma-507 prAhar3a-685, 687, 703, 738 ilAhAbAda-546 irAttipoTTAra-787 IrAka-622, 661 IrAna-541, 622, 661 ujjayanta-785, 802 Page #897 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA | ujjayini-137, 146, 256, 421, 783 kadamba guDA-273, 274 ujjaina-623 kadamba siMgI-273, 274 ujjanI-546, 546, 564 kandhAra-456 . uDaiyUra-543. kannU parattipADu-484 uDIsA-508, 510 kannUra guDA-258 uttamapAlayama-787 kanne gAle-320 uttara pradeza-546 kannoMja-264, 505, 507, 508, 510, uttarApatha-387 553, 564, 568, 596, 600, uttarI mArakATa-484 617, 619, 620, 621, 623, udgadeza-550 630, 631, 635, 656, 660, uddhare-271 661, 668, 744 unnatAyu-771,782 kanyA kumArI-221, 222, 223, 224, uragapura-434 225, 250 ursA-633 kapaDagaMja-106 kambadahallI-242, 789 elakoTI-315 kajaMgalA-510 elapura-281, 628 karnATaka-8, 19, 20, 167, 181, 185, eliphenTA-506 ___193, 194, 197, 200, 201, elebAta-182 246, 25.0, 251, 254, 257, elorA-628, 626jAne anatan 260. 266. 273. 274. 300. evaramala-787 307, 311, 312, 317, 316, 321, 466, 546, 547, 546, airUvADI-787 550, 565, 636, 650, 657, aihola-285 672 karanUla-666 moThavADA-710 karavA banavAsI-284 karahATAkSa-203 RSihalli-304 karADa-170 karUMgAlakkuDI-787 kaMkAlI-380, 351 karakAna-nAra-184 kaccha-421, 803 karolI-711 kaTavapra-650 kalakattA-681 kaMDava-192 kalacUrI-326 kaNNa mujje-267 kalabhAvI-250 kadambagiri-273, 274 -kalamAI-161 kadambagiri guDA-274 kalyANa-202, 23 - Page #898 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 840 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kAlikA-624 kAverI-257, 265, 472 kAzmIra-380, 455, 550, 553, 617, 622, 623, 624, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 637, kalaharaNa-456 kallUra guDu-180, 161, 258, 270 kaliMga-8, 66. 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 257, 256, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 305, 535, 628, 636 kaliMjara-607 kalugumala-116, 186, 223 kavaDe gollA-170, 175 kRSNaveNAnadI-234 kRSNA -472 kA-ko kAkara-577 kAgala-167, 171 kAgavAra-193 kArADA-336 kAMzodA-510 kAMcI-265, 266, 472, 475, 476, 481, 482, 541, 543. 544, 545, 625, 626, 628, 668, 787 kAMcIpura-307 kAThiyAvADa-636, 743, 421 kAlUra-268 kAdura-300, 302 kAnya kumja-588, 586, 560, 561, Tam562, 563, 564, 595, 566, 567, 568, 596, 600, 601, 602, 607, 608, 606, 610, 611, 612, 624, 661 kAnor3a-785 kAlabaMga-135 kArakala maTha-537 kAlamaMga-210, 243, 276 kAlavAra-667 kAlAnagara-273 kittUra-650 klikkurI-787 kIrtinArAyaNa mandira-306 kuNDalapura-137 kuNDalavana-380 kuNDI pradeza-167, 166, 223 kuNnagala-16 kuntala-273, 301 kunungila-618 kuppuTUra-192, 276, 302 kuppataru-284 kuMbhakonama-763 kubhanUra-484 kummala-307 kumAri parvata-231, 233, 235, 238 kuraNDI-223 kuraggI hallI-245 kurukSetra-621 kerala-261 kelapAla-307 kezava mandira-300 kaMdAla-324 kailaashnaath-626223| 52 4244) koMkaNa-262, 263, 262, 621, 626, koMga-307 koMgara puliya maMgalam-788, 786 koMgaliya-307 kogalI deza-268 kottara-223 . Page #899 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [841 gvAliyara-138, 466, 651, 712 gAMdhANI-446, 447 niai . gAMdhAra-455, 506 gAMbha-576 giri nagara-648 giranAra-528, 650, 685, 686 gugulI-324 konAvara-300 konnUra-672, 673 koparaNa-312 kobappu pahAr3I-305 koyatUsa-307 koyaMbatUra-484 koraNTaka-128, 675 korapaTa-274 kolagira-171 kolanUra-262 kolAla-307 kollApura-153 kolhApura-143, 167, 166, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 186, 251, 276 kolhAra-257, 260, 263, 267 kozAmbI-455 kA~gU-307, 320, 763 koNDa kuNDa-186, 191 kauzala-272, 628 gujarAta--8, 65, 67, 100, 101, 104, 289, 261, 421, 430, 506, 543, 567, 578, 576, 583, 584, 623, 625, 636, 657, 656, 660, 661, 671, 668, 703, 717, 718, 743, 762, 770, 782, 784, 763, 764, 767, 800,803 guDa gundUra-267 gurjara pradeza-580 goDavADa-702 gopurA mandira-463. gomaTezvara-14, 164, 176, 181, 182, 257, 266, 310, 320, 322, 667 goratha giri-234 govA-285 govinda jinAlaya-324 govinda vADI-320 gommaTeza-306, 322 sa khaNDala parvata-408 kheTa grAma 278 kheTa purAdhIzvara-324 khairathala-689 gaMga perUra-260 gaMga rAjya-16, 281, 262 gaMgavADI-307, 312 gaMga samudra-322 gaMgA nadI-85, 266, 508, 510 gaMjama-273, 274, 286, 287 gadaga-306 gandhavAraNa vasati-303, 307 gammutA-684 gavarmenTa proriyanTala menyuskripTsa lAyarI- 148, 150,104 cakragoTa-307 candragiri-257 candra bhAgA-387, 421 banderI-137 camaka-313 campApura-151 vikka bhAgIja-162, 241 cittaur3a-100, 101, 102, 138, 685. 661, 700, 712, 713 Page #900 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 542 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 TADa rAjasthAna-700 TelI-740 ToMDanAD-270 ToMDAbhiru-306 cirUpollala-168 citrakUTa-261, 513, 521 citrakUTapura-654 cIna-510, 544, 622, 623, 630, 633, 637 cegirI-320 ceniga nArAyaNa mandira-306 cendraleghaI-468 vendraleSAI-467 caMtrapura-741 colamaNDala-254 caukavaleya-307 DumbAudhI-584, 656 DehagAMva-800 . jakkavi-263 jabAlIpura-641 jambUmAlIvana-802 jayanagaram-273, 274 jayanti giri-273, 274 jayantipura-274 jayapura-68, 102, 144, 181, 312, 486, 676 jayapurA-273, 274 jarmanI-131 jAbAlIpura-657, 658 jAlamaMgala-17, 261, 616 jAlaura-641, 644, 657, 658, 710, 756, 781 jAvagala-313 jidduligenAr3a-271 jinakAMcI-222, 224 jinanAthapura-320 jUnAgar3ha-685 japura-273, 274 jodhapura-46, 702 takhtagar3ha-710 tajora-486, 563 taTTekere-161 tadUra-484 tAmilanADu-8, 167, 168, 104, 185, 168, 200, 201, 222, 250, 254, 255, 256, 475, 478, 476 se 484 taka, 486, 486, 460, 465, 553, 786, 787, 760 tamilapradeza-466, 466, 470, 472, 473, 474, 545 taTTanagar3ha-711 taradAvAdI-266, 267 talakA-257, 270, 271 talakA-307, 309 talavananagara-265, 287, 262 talavanapura-307 talavADA-711 taleyara-307, 672 takSazilA-633, 676, 677 tAlaguNDa-282 . tAvI-265 tigala-320 tippUra-192, 245, 316, 320 timbata-550, 551, 555, 622, 623 tirUkkaraNDI-484 tirUkoyittUra-463 TarkI-661 Page #901 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] tiruccAraNattumalaM - 787 tiruccAraNam malai - 118, 223, 184 se 186 tirUnandi kkaraM - 223 tirunArAyaNapura-312 tirUnAvukkarasara maTha-463 tirUnelavelI - 223, 787 tirUppamaNDala - 493 tirUppapuliyura- 473, 462 tirUpaliripuram - 473, 462 tirUmalaI - 484 tirUmalasAgara - 306 tirUmalasAgara sAbhagAra - 306 tirUmallaM - 183 tiruvatUra - 481 tirUvADI - 480, 463 tirUvADigAI - 40, 461, 462, 463 tu giyA nagarI - 227, 228 tumapura - 250 teridAla nagarI - 167, 166, 174 tereyurU - 307 telagI - 161 telayUra - 262 telugu - 541 tevaratopa - 162 toMDaimaNDama - 763 tevAra - 263 tharAda-464, 465 thAnezvara - 505 se 508 thArapadranagara-464 da daNDavatI nadI - 301 dvArikA - 636 dakSiNa mathurA - 146 dillI - 20, 21,138, 220, 436, 443 mAya dIr3a guru - 191, 244 deva - girI - 325 deva dAna- 484 droNa- 387 doraNa patha - 387 dottIDa - 648 dosta TikA- 648 dora - 314 droha dharaTTa - 313, 322 Ke dharmapurI- 243 dhAmanoda - 662 dhAra vADa- 251, 302, 308, 678, 805 dhArA nagarI - 265, 305, 663, 664 745, 750, 751, 753, 754 757, 758, 756, 766, 766 770, 772, 773 dhUla koTa - 785 na nagali- 307 nandigiri - 260, 267 nandi taTa - 715 nannarAja vasati - 644, 648 narmadA - 260, 506, 621, 668 navaraMgapura - 274 nAkor3AjI - 736 nAgapura - 102 nAgamale - 2, 483, 484 [ 843 nAgara khaNDa sattara- 263, 762 nAgaura - 138, 466, 651 nADora - 784 nADola - 676, 677 nAsika - 242 nAralAI - 686 zivAjI maMdIra nAlandA - 551, 552, 621 nidigi- 191 Page #902 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 844 ] nimbArAnAtha - 685 nIla giri- 307 nepAla - 230, 231, 555 neminAtha mandira - 167, 176 nellUra - 484 nolambabADI - 308 pa paMcAsara purI - 422, 575 paMjAba - 235, 550, 636 paTanA-20 palAzikA - 162, 216, 243, 250, 274 275 palAsA- 274 pallI - 86 prabhAta - 802 pratiSThAnapura - 401, 402 parvatakA -421 pravarapura-636 pazumaleI - 483, 484 pAMcAla -- 584 pATana- 77, 83, 66, 102, 110, 576 581, 582, 584, 767, 801, 802, 803 pATalikA -443, 461, 462, 463, 464, pATalIka - 122 pATalIpura - 437, 473, 461, 462, 464, 45, 610, 611 pArasIka- 622 pAralAkI meDI - 273, 287 prAgjyotiSa -507 pAlanapura - 800 pArvatikA - 388, 644 pArzvadeva caityAlaya - 276 pArzvanAtha vastI - 136, 303, 312, 437, 650 pArzvanAtha mandira - 170 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 piDA kuDI - 184 puNDra -508 punnATa - 650 punnAD - 235, 265 purale - 161, 270 purI - 506 purukheTaka - 12, 220 pulakezina - 541 pullakUra- 541 puSkara- 653 puSkala sthAna - 135, 243 pUca - 633 " pecchipallama - 788 pechore - 323 penADa-265 pezarAra - 265 penvekaMDaza-268 periyAkulam - 786 perUvalla nallUra - 543 pervva DiyUra - 262 premAra pradeza - 280 paiNIira - 266 pogarI - 653 podanapura - 163 ponnUvaMta - 222, 224 pomburca - 307 pauravala re - 265 da baMkApura-313,737 baMga-8, 621 baMgAla - 508, 622, 631, 632, 637 bar3aMgA - 61 baDanagara - 766, 800 baDalI - 161 baDovara-278 baDaudA - 265 Page #903 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] bar3havAraNa - 648, 703 bandalikeTasati - 792 bandasi le - 192 bandhAsura - 307 banArasa- 20 bambaI - 121, 427, 473, 617, 618, 622, 646, 661, 766, 800 balaka - 455 balagAra - 191 balAtkAra garaNa- 147, 148 ballAla - 294 bastipura - 192 brahma jinAlaya - 276, 284 balibhadra parvata - 686 bAkAmI- 285 bAgar3a pradeza - 613, 614 bAMkApura - 152, 268, 212, 207 bAdAmI -283, 486, 506, 541, 542, 543, 544, 616, 625, 626, 627, 657 bAmanIgrAma- 171 bAraha hajArI - 283 bihAra- 508 lIja bolva gAva - 314 bIjApura - 250, 702 buMdagerauM - 270 budri - 192 bundelakhaNDa - 281 beDAla - 167, 200 belagAMva - 14, 281 248, 246, 250, 251, belagula - 163 belgola bAraha - 305 velUra - 303, 30, 310 beMgI - 666 boddha stUpa- 221 bha bhaddilapura - 136 bharatapura- 46, 151, 176, 323 bhArata - 8, 84, 85, 104, 118, 136, 145, 170, 187, 188, 168, 200, 230, 232, 235, 236, 256, 266, 272, 274, 286, 381, 386, 387, 361, 364, 421, 427, 436, 455, 466, 475, 480, 486, 506, se 506, 510, 511, 544, 546, 550, 555, 556, 557, 561, 617, 616, 622. 623, 624, 630, 631, 632, 635, 636, 637, 644, 648, 646, 650, 660, 670, 671, 668, 743 bhinnamAla - 485,526, 527, 528, 732. 735 bhillamAla - 733, 734 bhInamAla - 717 bhIma jinAlaya - 324 bhIma samudra - 324 bhImarathI nadI - 506 bhelasA - 137 bhRgukaccha-406, 407, 406, 411 [ 845 ma magaToDA-608, 606, 661 magadha - 228, 235, 236, 272, 273, 455, 508, 510, 620, 621, 622, 631, 636 majjarAbAda - 303 maDalUra - 170 maDAra - 642 maNDyA - 312 maNDora - 702 maNDalinADU - 270 Page #904 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 846 ] maNDovara - 702 maNimaMgalA - 542 mathurA - 5, 8, 73, 131, 135, 162, 164, 181, 183, 185, 221, 231, 232, 233, 234, 307, 380, 602, 603, 653, 676, 715 maduraI - 223, 254, 255, 256, 786 madurA - 467, 466, 470, 471, 472, 473, 475, 478, 476, 480, 481, 452, 483, 484, 467, 545, 787, 788 madurApattana- 163 madrAsa - 146, 150, 255, 305, 461, 412, 463, 805 madhya pradeza - 8, 286, 307, 455,622 mandasaura- 454, 455vijayastaMbha manne - 626, 657 manaulI - 161 markarA - 286 maTasenADa-314 mayUra khaNDI - 262, 618 maru pradeza- 621, 657, 658, 686, 702 malakheDa - 666, 744 malayagiri - 621 mallikArjuna mandira - 482, 542 mahAdvAra - 642, 647 mahAbalipuram - 472 mahAnadI - 85 mahArASTra 8, 401 mahI naMdI - 506 mahendra parvata - 621 mAgadha - 608, 661 mANDalagar3ha - 138 - mANDalika mahAr3I - 248 mAdevI 484 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 - mAnyakheTa - 530, 628, 657, 672, 666 744, 760 mAnyapura - 266, 262 mAnyezvara - 262 mAravADa - 100, 101, 665. 702 mAlava 752, 753, 758, 762, 766, 766, 770, 776, 777, 776, 780, 783, 784 mAlava sAtakI - 267 mAlavA - 261, 265, 305, 454, 506 507, 506, 510, 628, 657 658, 668, 703 mAliya puNDI - 161 mAsavADI - 306 mihirapura- 456 mihirezvara mahAdeva - 456 mInAkSI mandira - 468, 476.481 mugulUra vasadi- 315 muDigoNDakolapuram - 484 mudagere - 300, 302 303 mulakhaDe - 267, 268, 301 murkalikale - 323 muni zrRMgI - 273 mUDabidrI - 123, 805 mUSika nagara - 234 mela koTe - 312 mela pADI - 268 melukoTa - 307 mevAr3a - 100, 101. 700, 702, 703, 736 mehasAnA - 800 maisUra - 20, 118, 251, 302, 312. 805 moralaraNa - 304 moDherA - 585, 587, 588, 600 601 612, 65, 660 Page #905 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [847 yamunA-624 yarade-276 raMgapura-312 raTTarAjya-14 ralasaMcayapura-535 ratalAma-678 rathavIrapura-125, 204, 205 rAcana hala-305 rAjagiri-607, 608 rAjanagara-77 rAjasthAna-8, 330, 421, 454, 653, 671 rAjorI-633 rAdhanapura-800 rAmanagara-389 rAmaliMga mandira-250 rAma sINa-586 . rAyagar3ha-274 rAyapura-307 rAyalasImA-542 rAyasINa-781 rASTrakUTa rAjya-16, 265 rUpanArAyaNa jaina mandira-170. 173 rUpanArAyaNa vasadi-166, 170, 175 revA-260 baragade guppe-287 bandaNige tIrtha-276 vandanikApura-244 vanavAsa-207 vanavAsI-308 varddhamAna nagara-648 varddhamAnapura-530, 644, 743 vandivAsa-484 varaNe guppe-288 varAha maMdira-603 vallabhI-131, 232, 233, 406, 407, 406, 411 se 413, 415, 417, 418, 420, 421, 440, 451, 454, 465, 466, 501 vallI mala-484, 787 vasaNa mandira-241 vasanta vATikA-276 . vAMkApura-261 vATa grAma-654 vAtApI-506 vArANasI-128, 675 vijayApaTTam-274 vijayanagara-472. 506 vijayanArAyagA-306 vijaya pArzva jinAlaya-313 vijayapura-256. 3.6, 441. 442 vindha giri-620. 658 vindhaguhAnivAsinI--620 vindyAcala-163, 257, 308 vindyATavI-507, 508 villappAkama-484 billaMda-626 vilipura-268 viSNuvarddhana jinAlaya-321 vissapa kaTaka-274 laGkA-223, 224, 257, 271 472, 473, 542, 543, 621, 698 lakSaNAvatI-565 se 568, 600. 601 lakSmInArAyaNa mandira-306 lATa-267, 485, 506, 506, 656, 668, 666. 732, 801. 802 lokaDiyA-740 lohiyAraNa-527, 528 Page #906 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 848 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 vissabha kaTaka-273 bihAra-743 vIranArAyaNa mandira-306 veDAla-464 veNa bubalanADu-484 veraNA-527 veNu grAma-14, 248, 246, 262 velvI kuNDI-467, 468 vaMgaI nadI-471 veMgI-506, 626 vaMjayanti-274 vajayantipura-273, 274, 287 vaimbala zulI-266 vailara-314, 315 voppaNa caityAlaya-322 volamba vAr3I-307 246, 256, 266, 289, 263, 267, 304, 308, 310, 311, 316, 320, 322, 437, 438, 650, 667 zrAvastI-454 zrIkaNTha-505, 621 zrInagara-456 zrI bhavana-668 zrImAla-717, 718, 720, 802 zrI vijaya jinAlaya-287 zrI zailam-482, 565, 626 zrutipura-255 / zaMkhezvara-527, 528 zatamaMgalaM-484 zazakapura-300, 302 se 304, 306 zazapurI-3.6 zatruJjaya-128, 273, 411. 417, 528 zAkambharI-801,802 zAMtinAtha vazadi-244, 322 zAMtiniketana-413 zikArapura-302 ziyAlI-486 zivagAMgeya tIrtha-317 zivamandira-480 zukrAra nagara dvAra-171 zeTTIpoDavu-788 zolApura-136 skaMdha nadI-255 satyapura-757 satalaja-743 sthAnezvara-505, 621 sthAvIzvara-505 sapta kAzI-802 sapta zatI-128 sampagAMva-250 samudra-308 samudrapriyA-387 sarasvatI nadI-506 salema-484 savatigandha vAraNa basadi-316 savAlaka-712 sahyAdri-300 sAMgalI-167, 174 sAMDerAva-685 sAdaDI-330 sArasvata maMDala-800 siDakedAra grAma-275 siddhezvara mandira-180 sindhu-437, 506, 622, 625 sirohI-702 zramaNa mala-223 zramaNa belagola-136, 164 se 167. 176, 181, 182, 222, 224, Page #907 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [846 siMhapura-633 sundara ragama-613, 614 sumeru parvata-338 sUDI-161 sekula gaMgA-256 seDama-161 seNDalAI-467, 468 . setu--308 setubandha rAmezvara-308 sonA-626 somanAtha-314, 582, 764 saudattI-161 saurabha kuphtUra-251 sauraka nAdara-254 sauraba-258, 276, 283, 284, 260, 301, 302, 658 saurASTra-644, 648, 802, 803 halebiDa bastihalli-312 hasana-300, 315 hAthI guphA-231, 233, 234, 236, 236, 240 hADIla bAgilu-305 hAMsoTa-701 hAMgugala-307 himAcala-555 himAlaya-8, 253 hubalI-191 pRllUra-191 huligere-307 hUlI-161 hemagrAma-268 hemanta Rtu-388 hembaga-330 homnUra nagara-167 hoyasala-15, 308, 313. 321, 324, 325 hosUra-161 bhullakapura-171, 172 haMgala-308 hajArA-633 hathunDI-700, 702, 703 hanturu-318 hannikerI-161 haradana hallI-306 harSapura-701 halasige-307 halasI-250, 251, 276, 281, 283, bAvanakora-484,787 tricanApallI-467 tri-parvata-275, 282 tripurA-263, 264 tribhuvanagiri-712, 713 vimalaya-550 trilokya raMjana basadi-322 302 halebida-282 halebelagola-305 Page #908 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ pra anuttaropapAtika - 106 anuSTup chanda-14e anuyoga dvAra - 654 anekAnta jaya patAkA - 410 abhayadeva sUri caritama - 581 amoghavRti - 671, 673 arhat cUDAmaNi - 405 aSTazatI - 287, 532 praSTasahastrI - 761 aSTAMga - nimitta bodhinI saMhitA - 410 grA zrAgama aSTotarI - 11. 56, 105, 431 AcArAMga - 28, 29, 30, 31, 70, 207, 206, 213, 214, 216.220, 226, 229, 364, 368, 366. 370, 371, 368. 434, 462. 654, 678.676. 680.681. 682 zrAcArAMga TIkA- 675. 678. 682. 684 zrAtmAnuzAsana- 267, 738 Adi purANa - 267, 486, 655. 668, 667. 736. 737 prApta parIkSA- 761 prAptamImAMsA ( devAgama ) - 438. 532 prAgadhanA - 160, 213, 540 prAgadhanAkathAkopa-743 grAvazyaka- 212, 368 Avazyaka cUNi-538 Avazyaka niyukti - 205 (gha) sUtra, graMthAdi iNDiyana eNTIkverI - 12, 136, 138, 206, 744 sfuser aiMTIkviTIja ( vAlyUma - 7 ) - 135 iNDiyana ephamerisa - 266 imporTenTa inskripzansa - 265 u uccAMga- 307 uttarapurANa - 148, 297, 614, 615, 656, 736, 737, 738 uttarAdhyayana TIkA- 781 uttarAdhyana niryukti- 366 uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 213, 226. 368. 465, 712, 718, 736, 785 uttarAdhyayana-vRtti - 465 upadezamAlA - 440, 441, 442 upadeza mAlA vivaraNa- 732 upadezamAlA vRtti - 730, 735 upaniSad - 75 76 upaniSad bhASya- 556 upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA- 485 718, 731, 732, 734 735 upAMga- 330 uvAsaga dasApro - 106 e epigrAphikA iNDikA- 12, 170. 171. 452, 483, 672 prarphakA karnATikA - 12. 17, 212. 268, 278, 280 284, 286. 303, 304, 305 Page #909 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 851 kaumuda candrodaya-151 epigrAphI riporTa sa-461, 462, 463 enyuala riporTa prAna sAutha iNDiyana epIgrAphI-787 ensAiklopIDiyA-464, 510 ensAiklopIDiyA Apha rilIjana, eNDa ethiksa (haisTigsa likhita)-464 khataragaccha bRhadgurvAvalI-85, 87, 88, 67, 18, 66, 100, 101, 102, 103, 115, 118, 116, 426 427, 430 RSimaNDala stotra-106 gaur3avaho-617, 620, 621, 622 Rgveda-556 gacchAcAra paiNNaya-106, 107, 108 RSi bhASita-398 gaja zataka-267 gaja zAstra-267 aupapAtika-106 gadya cintAmaNi-267, 467, 468 gyAraha aMga273 kaThopaniSad-561 gAthAtmaka ArAdhanA-443 kannaDa zilAlekha-314 gAthA sahastrI-101 kamma payaDi-436 gItA-376 karnATaka zabdAnuzAsana-537 gItA bhASya-556 karpUra maMjarI-755 gommaTasAra-163, 176, 181 karma grantha-436 kalpa vyavahAra sUtra-708, 706, cauvanna mahApurisa-cariyaM-675, 677 kalpa sUtra 215 candra kevali caritra-732 klAsikala eja-281, 660, 661, candra prabha caritra-151 kavirAja mArgAlaMkAra-263, 267, candra prajJapti-401, 402 kaSAya prAbhRta-443 se 445, 654, 667 cAmuNDa purANa-667 kapAya pAhur3a kI jayadhavatA TIka-142, cAlukyAja mApha gujarAta-800 148, 263, 267, 443, 654, cintAmaNi TIkA-671 655, 667, 668 cintAmaNi laghIyasI TIkA-670 kAlambagama-463 cUDAmariNa-654 kirAtArjunIya mahAkAvya-265 kIti kaumudI-800 chanda sUtra-212, 373, 654 kunda kunda prAbhRta saMgraha-121 kuvalayamAlA-387, 386, 362, 363, jaya dhavalA-186, 486, 467, 614, 364, 421, 446, 465, 641, 653, 668 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, jaya dhavalA prazasti-665 651, 657, 658, 730 jaya dhavalA TIkA-486, 654, 667 ke vali bhukti prakaraNa-160, 211, 212, 670, jyotiSa zAstra sujJAna dIpikA-151 Page #910 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 852 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 jvAlAmAlini kalpa prazasti-744 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-208 jvAlAmAlini stotra-267 jaina siddhAMta koSa-433 jinadatta caritra-738 jaina siddhAMta bhAskara-107 . jItakalpa cUNi-450, 451, 453 jainAcArya paramparA mahimA-146, 150, jIva vicAra prakaraNa-781 153, 154, 158, 160 se jIva samAsa-654 162, 164, 165, 167, 171 jIvasamAsa vRtti-675 se 173, 181, 182, 188, je. bI. Ara. e. esa.-248, 263 305, 306 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (bhAga 1)-11 jainijma ina arlI miDievala karnATaka-16 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (bhAga 2) 20, 21, 220 15, 122, 141, 142, 206, jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA eNDa sama epi278, 433, 443, 444, 526,. grApsa-140, 161, 170, 173, 180, 537, 805, 182, 161, 201, 246, 481, jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (bhAga 3) 484, 616, 760 540, 646, 653, 672, jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA-316 786, 805 jaina paramparAno itihAsa-433, 685 tattva taraMgiNI vRtti-110 jaina pAtha prApha pyUriphikezana-160, 443 / / tattvArtha bhASya-654 jaina vaiyAkaraNa-670 tattvArtha vArtika sabhASya-532 jaina zilA lekha saMgraha (bhAga 1)-15, 180, tantra vArtika-556 242, 266, 265, 260, 266, tattvArtha zloka vArtika-761 300, 302, 304, 307, 313, tattvArtha sUtra-365, 654, 676 316, 322, 323, 437, 650 tattvArtha sUtra TippaNa-151 jaina zilA lekha saMgraha (bhAga 2)-63, 135, tapAgaccha paTTAvalI-240, 785 180, 190, 162, 210, 216, titthogAlI painnaya-2, 3, 4, 106 se 241, 242, 248, 265, 268, 106, 230, 364, 503, 504, 270, 274, 275, 276, 277, 569 se 571, 640, 707 se 276, 280 se 282, 285, 710 260 se 266,266, 304, 306, tirU kurala-470 313, 318, 320, 380, 618, tirUmagela padIkam-488 626, 658,672, 787, 762 tilaka maJjarI-754, 756, 783, 784 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (bhAga 3)-15, 161, / tiloya paNNatti-141, 443, 444 180, 160, 162, 243, 266, tevAram-486, 464, 786 301, 306, 307, 308, 315, 320 se 322, 324, 325 dataka sUtra-164 jaina saMhAra caritam-254, 255, 474,478 dravya graMtha-146 Page #911 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [853 dvAdazAMgI-330, 375 dazakaNi saMgraha-654 darzana prAbhRta-215, 220 darzana sAra-125, 145 se 148, 202 se 204, 466, 470, 614 se 616, 715, 716 dazavakAlika-36, 63, 66, 160, 211 se 213, 216, 226, 368, 536, 654 dazAzruta skandha-368, 400, 706 dakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa-303, 304, 506, 541, 542, 762 dussamAkAla samaNasaMgha thayaM-2, 3, 386, 363, 566 se 571, 706 devasUrI caritam-128, 678 dhammila hiMDo-410, 451 dharmopadeza mAlA-651 dhyAna zataka-450 dhavalA-186, 667 dhavalA TIkA-655, 666 pauma cariu-742 paJcakalpa cUriNa-450 paJcakalpa bhASya-410, 424, 451 paJcatthi pAhuDa-654 | paJcamaMgala mahAzrata skandha-346 paJca saMgraha-423 paJcamI cariu-742 pallIvAlIya gaccha paTTAvalI-742 paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha-740 se 742 paTTAvalI samuccaya-571, 736, 741 pada paryAya maJjarI-537 padma caritra-406 padma purANa-742 prakriyA saMgraha-670 prabhAvaka caritra-7, 76, 108, 110, 128, 126, 218,406, 406, 410, 581, 584, 587, 561, se 565 taka, 596, 606, 611, 612, 675, 676, 678, 782, 712, 713, 730, 755, 764, 765, 781, 805 pratiSThA kalpa-537 prabandhakoza-411, 413, 417, 422, 587 prabandha cintAmaNi-582, 763, 768, 766, 801, 804 pramANa parIkSA-761 pramANa mImAMsA-532 pramANa saMgraha-532 prameya mImAMsA-532 prazna vyAkaraNa-106, 368, 373 praznottara mAlikA-263, 267 paramAgama sAra-537 parikarma-654 patra parIkSA-761 nandI cariNa-365, 423, 538 nandI saMgha paTTAvalI-136 nandI sUtra-123, 232, 538 nayacakra-267, 408, 406, 410, 412, 423, 461 naya mImAMsA-532 nyAya vinizcaya savRtti-532 nAlaDiyAra-470 se 472 nizItha bhASya-236, 453 nizItha sUtra-4, 538 niyukti-212 nikSepa mImAMsA-532 nItisAra-716 nemi caritra-780 Page #912 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 65.4 ] pAiya lacchI nAma mAlA - 265, 760, 761 pArzvabhyudaya - 142, 263, 267, 665, 666, 668 pArzvanAtha caritra - 665, 670 purANa tilakam - 180, 182 pUjA vidhi saMhitA - 151 peMgI rahasya brAhmaNa - 560 periya purANa - 467, 466, 474, 477, 476, 481, 482 pha phoragoTana hisTrI oNpha dI leNDsa eNDa116, 186, 223 phlIkorapasa inskripzanama juDikerama-454 ba brahmasUtra bhASya-- 556 bha bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 214, 215, 218 bhagavatI sUtra - 87, 106, 206, 227, 368, 372, 503 bhaTTAraka paramparA - 615 bhaTTAraka sampradAya - 142, 147, 148, 653 bhadrabAhu caritra - 202, 205, 212, 400 bhadrabAhu saMhitA - 405 bhAgavata - 376 bhAva saMgraha - 142, 202 bhASya- 376 bhuvana sundarI - 743 ma mariNa prakAzikA - 670 matta vilAsa prahasana - 460 mahAdhavala - 655 mahAkarma prakRti prAbhRta-654 mahAnizItha sUtra - 10, 35, 37, 46, 50, 52 se 56, 68, 70, 76, 77, [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 85, 87, 106 se 108, 126 se 133, 327, 328, 330, - 331, 341, 342, 345 se 347, 346, 352, 363, 364, 367, 365, 366, 367, 431, 525, 641 mahApurANa - 267, 666, 667, 736, 737 mahAbandha-655 mahAbhAratapurANa- 376, 646, 666, 668 mahAzruta skandha - 346, 347 mahumaha vijaya - 602 malliSeNa prazasti - 468 mAnadevasUri caritam - 128, 126 miDiyevala jainijma - 64, 256 muttarAyara - 470 mUlAcAra-443, 654 meghadUta - 665 meghavAhana - 754 menuvala zraoNpha pudukoTTAI sTeTa- 464 ya yazastilaka campu - 267 yazodhara kAvya - 267 yApanIya tantra - 211 yApanIya prakaraNa - 671 yuga pradhAnAcArya paTTAvalI - 566 yuktyanuzAsanAlaGkAra- 761 ra ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra - 434 ratna- mAlA - 123 ratna- mAlikA - 263, 674 ratna - saJcaya - 367, 463 rAisa maisUra eNDa kurga - 308 rAjataraMgiNI - 553, 617, 622 se 624, 630 se 633, 636 rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa-744 Page #913 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 855 riTunemi cariu-742 rUpa siddhi-670 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-205, 461 vivAha paNNatI vRhad vRttikA--206 vIravaMza paTTAvalI-18 labdhisAra-163 lalita vistarA-132. 201, 728, 726, 733, 734 lAghava stava savRtti-532 loka prakAza-3 loka vibhAga-122, 461, 462 . . vaDDhArAhaNe-123 vasunandi zrAvakAcAra-138 vasudeva hiMDI-410, 423, 424, 451 vyAkhyA prajJapti-503, 504, 654, 678, 682 vyAkhyA prApti TIkA-678 vyavahAra kalpa-226, 398 vyavahAra sUtra-400 vRhat kalpa sUtra-654 vRhat kathA koSa-202 vRhat poSadha zAlika paTTAvalI-675, 740, zaMkara digvijaya-546, 546 se 552, 557, 558, 562 se 565 zabdAnuzAsana-670, 672, 673 zabdAnuzAsana pramoghavRtti-160, 211, 212, 540 zabdAnuzAsana kI svopajJa pramoghavRtti-611,' 670 zloka vArtika-556 zAkaTAyana TIkA-671 zAkaTAyana nyAsa-670 zAkaTAyana zabdAnuzAsana-151 zAkaTAyana sUtra-151 zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa-671 zivArya ko mUlArAdhanA-211 zizupAla vadha-717, 718 zobhana stuti-760 / zrI pura pArzvanAtha stotra-761 zrIman mahAvIra paTTadhara paramparA-575, zrI zaMkara-546 zrI zaMkarAcArya-547, 548, 546 zruta skandha-330 zrutAvatAra-653 vRhat saMgrahaNI-450 vRhat kSetra samAsa-450 vRhad gaccha gurvAvalI-740 vRhadAkAra purANa-738 bArArtha-667 vAgartha saMgraha purANa-738 vAda mahArNava-712 vicArazreNI-362, 364, 367, 462 vijayodayA TIkA-160, 211, 213, 214, 218, 216, 536, 540 vidyAnanda mahodaya-761 vidhi pakSa gaccha paTTAvalI-18 vipAka-106 vizAla vArtika-546 SaDdarzana samuccaya-203, 215 SaTprAbhRta TIkA-138, 147 SaSThI zataka-103 SaTakhaNDAgama-142, 148, 297, 654, 655, 666 saksesara maoNpha sAta vAhanAja-278 sakRta saMkIrtana-766 Page #914 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 256 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 siddhabhU paddhati TIkA-656 siddhasena nyAyAvatAra kI TIkA-732 siddhivinizcaya-532 sukRtakIti kallolinI-766 . surathotsava-800 sulocanA kathA-666, 667 sUrya-prajJapti-401, 402 sUtrakRtAMga-28, 31 se 33, 71, 368, 680 se 682, 684, 709 sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA-675, 678 sena tAmila-467, 468 sena saMgha kI paTTAvalI-614 saMbapaTTaka-57, 60 se 63, . 75, 77 100, 103, 126, 127, 144 satkarma prAbhRta-654 satyazAsana parIkSA-761 stuti-vidyA-438 sthala purANa-476. 481, 483 sthAnAMga sUtra-46, 106, 570, 640, 683, 708 sadavrata kalpa drama-151 sandeha dolAvalI-428 sanmati tarka kI TIkA-410 sanmati sUtra-654 sabhASya vizeSaNavatI-450 sama kanTrI byUzan mApha sAutha iNDiyana kalcara-476 sambodha prakaraNa-132, 133, 210 sanmati tarka-712 samaya prAbhRta-121 samaya prAbhRta paura SaT prAbhRta saMgraha-121 samarAicca (samarAkaM) caritra-524 samavAyAMga-106, 570, 683, 708 samAdhi zataka-151 svayaMbhUstotra-438 sTaDIja ina mAutha inDiyana jainijma-66, 272, 286, 287, 263, 366, 472, 474 syAdvAd siddhi-467 svayambhU chanda-742 saMvegaraMga zAlA-57svopA vRti-651 strI-mukti prakaraNa-160, 211, 212, 670 .. sAutha iNDiyana insakripzansa-116, 168, 183, 186, 197, 166 sAvara bhASya-556 harSacaritra-505, 507 harivaMza purANa-260, 644, 648 se 650, 652, 657, 658, 665, 668, 666, 742 hArila vaMza paTTAvalI-363 himavanta sthavirAvalI-236, 376 hisTrI eNDa kalcara prApha dI iNDiyana pIpula .-473, 510, 617, 623 / hisTorikala insakripzansa prApha sadarna iNDiyA hesTigsa ensAiklopIDiyA prApha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa-464 bhatra-cUDAmariNa-297, 467, 468 trilokaprajJapti-654 svolokazlAghya puruSa purANa-163, 666 trilokasAra-163 jJAtR-dharma-kathA-106, 682, 683 jAna maMjUSA-4 Page #915 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 2. sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI ajita tIrthaMkara purANatilakam-mahAkavi ranna (I. 663) abhidhAna rAjendra bhAga 1-7 pAgama aSTottarI, abhayadeva sUri prAcArAMga sUtra, AtmArAmajI ma. mAdipurANa-ajitasena mAvazyaka cUrNi-jinadAsagaNi kSamA zramaNa pAvazyaka niyukti-bhadrabAhu dvitIya (IsA kI 5vIM chaThI zatI) iNDiyana enTIkverI inporTenTa insakripzansa phora dI bar3audA sTeTa volyUma 1 uttara purANa-bhaTTAraka guNa bhadra uttarAdhyayana-sUtra " -niyukti, -TIkA upadeza mAlA-dharmadAsa gaNi mahattara upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA-siddharSi uvAsaga dasAmo-abhaya devIyA vRtti RSi maNDala stotra-dharmaghoSa (vi. saM. 1162) enyUala riporTa prona sAUtha iNDiyana epigrAphI-1916 epigrAphikA iNDikA-sabhI volyUma epigrAphikA karNATikA-sabhI volyUma epigrAphikA nikA epigrAphikA riporTa sa, madrAsa, volyUmsa 1-5 ensAiklopIDiyA prApha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa-hesTiMgsa ehola kA abhilekha kaThopaniSada kathAkoSa prA. hariSeNa (vi. saM. 988) kaliMga cakravartI mahAmeghavAhana khAravela kA hAthIguphA zilAlekha (vIra ni. saM. 356) Page #916 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 858 ] . / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa ---bhAga 3 kundakunda prAbhRta saMgraha--DA. e. ena. upAdhye kuvalaya mAlA-udyotana sUri kevali bhukti-zAkaTAyana kharatara gaccha vRhadgurvAvali, jina vijaya muni siMdhI jaina zAstra zikSA pITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI gaur3avahoprabandha-vAkpatirAja gacchAcAra paiNNaya-doghaTTIvRtti gadyacintAmaNi cAlUkyAja oNpha gujarAta, azoka kumAra majUmadAra, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bombe (1956) jayadhavalA (kaSAya pAhuDa kI TIkA) jaranala oNpha dI bombe brAMca Apha dI royala esiyATika sosAyaTI (aneka volyUma) je. bI. Ara. e. esa. volyUma 10 jaina itihAsa, jainadharma vidyAprasAra kendra pAlItANA jaina grantha aura granthakAra, phatecanda belAnI (1950) jaina saMskRti saMzodhaka maNDala, banArasa hindU yUnivarsiTI, banArasa jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga-2, paramAnanda zAstrI, prakAzaka-mai. ramezacanda jaina moTaravAle, rAjapura roDa, dillI (vIra ni. saM. 2500) jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 1, 2-prA. hastImalajI mahArAja sA., itihAsa samiti jayapura jaina saMhAra caritam-oriyanTala prolDa menyuskripTsa lAibrerI, madrAsa yUnivarsiTI jainAcArya-digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata jainAcArya paramparA mahimA-prA. cArukIrti (hastalikhita) proriyanTala menyuskripTsa lAibrerI madrAsa yUnivarsiTI-mekenje kalekzansa, prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAnabhaNDAra jayapura meM isakI pratilipi hai jainAcArya-nyAya vijayamuni, mai. e. ema. eNDa kaM. pAlItAraNA kAThiyAvAr3a Page #917 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ [ 856 sandarbha grantha ] jenijma ina arlI miDievala karNATikA, rAmabhUSaNa, prasAdasiMha motIlAla, banArasIdAsa, dillI jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA, eNDa sama jaina epigrAphsa-pI. vI. desAI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha zolApura (1957) jaina paramparA no itihAsa bhAga 1 aura 2-darzana-jJAna-nyAya vijaya tripuTI mahArAja, zrI caritra smAraka grantha mAlA, mAMDavI nI pola, ahamadAbAda jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1-3, mANikacandra-digambara-jaina-grantha___ mAlA samiti, hIrAbAga, bambaI 4 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-nAthUrAma premI jaina sAhitya.kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha ___ saMsthAna, vArANasI 5 jainendra siddhAnta koSa bhAga 1-3-jinendravarNI jJAtAdharma-kathAMga sUtra--vatti-zIlAMkAcArya jvAlAmAlinikalpa-indra nandI tatvArthavAtika sabhASya-prA. akalaMka nitthogAlI painnaya-paM. kalyANa vijayajI, gajasiMha rAThaur3a, zrI kalyANa vijaya zAstra samiti, jAlaura, san 1975 tilaka maMjarI-dhanapAla tevAramdakSiNa bhArata kA itihAsa, DA. ke. e. nIlakaNTha zAstrI, bihAra __ hindI grantha akAdamI, kadama kuprAM, paTanA 3 darzanasAra-prA. devasena dazavaikAlika sUtra di klAsikala eja, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bombe di jaina pAtha praoNpha pyUriphikezana, zrI padmanAbha esa. jainI di phoragoTana hisTrI oNpha di leNDsa eNDa-esa. padmanAbhana dussamAsamaNasaMgha-thayaM sAvacUri-zrI cAritra smAraka granthamAlA, vIrama gAMva se prakAzita paTTAvalI samuccaya : prathama bhAga meM nihita dhavalA--SaTkhaNDAgama TIkA nandisUtra Page #918 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 860 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 nizItha nizIthacUrNi nizItha-bhASya pauma cariyaM-vimalasUri paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, paM. kalyANa vijayajI zAstra saMgraha samiti jAlora (rAja.) paTTAvalI samuccaya prathamobhAgaH munidarzana vijaya, zrI cAritra smAraka granthamAlA vIrama gAMva (gujarAta vi. sa. 1686) pAiya lacchInAma mAlA dhanapAla pAiya sadda-mahaNNavo pArzvanAtha caritra pArvAbhyudaya kAvya-jinasaina (paMcastUpAnvayI) peMgiyarahasya periyapurANa prabandhakoSa-siMghI jaina jJAnapITha, vizvambharajI zAnti niketana prabandha cintAmaNi prabandha cintAmaNi-merutugAcArya, phorbasa gujarAtI sabhA, mahArAja meMzansa, sendhursTa roDa bombe, naM. 4 (vi. sa. 1688) prabhAvaka caritra,-prA. prabhAcandrasUri, saM. jina vijaya siMghI jaina jJAna pITha, ahamadAbAda, kalakattA vi. saM. 1997 prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI 1 phlIkorapasa insphipzanam juDikeram buddhijma -sara viliyama monyora bhagavatI sUtra (vyAkhyA prajJapti sUtra) bhaTTAraka saMpradAya, vI. pI. joharApurakara, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, ___ zolApura (1958) bhANDArakara kI sacI saMkhyA 2105 bhadrabAhu caritra-A. ratnanaMdI (vi. saM. 1625) bhAva saMgraha-prA. devasena (vimalasena ke ziSya) Page #919 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sandarbha grantha ] [ 861 manjUzrI mUlakalpa mahAnisIha suttaM (romana lipi meM) Jozer Deleu and Walther ___Sehubring, Hamburg, Craw, De Gruyter & Co. 1963 mahApurANa (apabhraMza) puSpadanta mIDievala jainijma, vI. e. seleTora, karNATaka pabliziMga hAusa, bombe 2 mUlArAdhanA apara nAma bhagavatI ArAdhanA-zivArya (yApanIya) mUlArAdhanA-vijayodayA TIkA-aparAjita (yApanIya) menyuala praoNpha pudu koTTAi sTeTa volyUma 2 maisUra pAkiyolojikala riporTa I. 1623 maisUra Arkiyolojikala riporTa, phora 1632 maisUra gavarnamenTa riporTa I. 1920 ratnamAlA---prA. zivakoTi rAisa maisUra eNDa kurga-bI. ela. rAisa rAjataraMgiNI-kalhaNa rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa jilda 1 lalita vistarA-prA. haribhadrasUri lokaprakAza, upAdhyAya vinaya vijaya (vi. saM. 1708) loka vibhAga (saMskRta)-siMha sUrSi vaDDhArAhaNe (kannar3a)-prA. zivakoTi vasudeva hiMDI- saMghadAsa gaNi (jinabhadra gaNi kSamA zramaNa se pUrvavartI) vicArazreNi-prA. merutuga vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-jinabhadra gaNi kSAmazramaNa (vIra ni0 saM0 1055-1115) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-svopajJa vRtti vIravaMza paTTAvalI--vidhi pakSa paTTAvalI, bhAvasAgara sUri, (vi0 saM0 1516) vRhatkathA koSa---bhaTTAraka hariSeNa (vi. sa. 686) vRhat pauSadhazAlika paTTAvalI zaMkara digvijaya-navakAlidAsa-mAdhava Page #920 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 862 ] zabdAnuzAsana- svopajJa pramogha vRtti - zakaTAyana I. san ( 814-875 ) zrIman mahAvIra paTTadhara paramparA - zrI deva vimala gariNa zrI zaMkara-baladeva upAdhyAya, hindustAnI ekeDamI u. pra. ilAhAbAda ( san 1950 ) zrI zaMkarAcArya - baladeva upAdhyAya, hindustAnI ekeDamI, u. pra. ilAhAbAda (1956) SaTkhaNDAgama SaDdarzana samuccaya - rAjazekhara [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga : SaT prAbhRta (zrutasAgara sUrIyA TIkA ) saMgha paTTaka ( saTIka ) zrI jinavallabha sUri -- pra. jeThAlAla dalasukha, ahamadAbAda, san 10 - saMbodha prakaraNa saksesara zraoNpha sAtavAhanAja - di. ca. sarakAra sandeha dolAvali - jinadatta sUri sama kanTrIbyUzansa Apha sAutha iNDiyA Ta iNDiyana kalcara -- kRSNasvAmI ayyaMgara samaya prAbhRta, san 1914, mANikyacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma - ema. esa. rAmAsvAmI ayyaMgara eNDa bI. zeSagiri rAva strImukti - zAkaTAyana syAdvAda maMjarI - hemacandrAcArya sAIno iNDiyana sTaDIja- DA. pI. sI. bAgacI sAutha iNDiyana inskripzansa, volyUma 5 sUtra kRtAMga sUtra kRtAMga TIkA - zIlAMkAcArya soraba kA zilAlekha vi. saM. 526 harivaMzapurANa - prA. jinasena ( punnATa saMgha vi. saM. 840 ) harSacaritra - bANabhaTTa himavanta sthavirAvalI hisTrI eNDa kalcara apha dI iNDiyana pIpula bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI hisTorikala inskripzansa praoNpha sadarna iNDiyA robarTa sevala Page #921 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 3. itihAsa granthamAlA para prApta sammatiyAM mahArASTra maMtrI evaM pravataka zrI vinaya RSijI ma. sA. grantha kyA hai, mAno sAhityika vizeSatAmoM se saMpRkta eka mahanIya kRti hai, jo bhAratI bhaNDAra meM, vizeSataH jaina sAhitya meM zrI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha eka mahatI AvazyakatA kI saMpUrti karatI hai| yaha graMtha itihAsa purAtattva aura zodhanakArya ke sAtha hI sAtha adhyetA vidvajjanoM evaM sAdhAraNa pAThakoM kI jJAna-pipAsA ko eka sAtha pUrNa karatA hai / .."yaha navodita sarvottama graMtharatna hai / mAtmA muni zrI mohana RSijI ma. sA. bahuta varSoM kI sAdhanA aura tapazcaryA ke pazcAt zrI upAdhyAyajI kI kRti samAja ke sAmane AI hai| itanI lagana ke sAtha itanA parizrama.mAja taka zAyada hI anya kisI lekhaka ne kiyA hogaa| bhAvI pIr3hI ke liye unakI yaha apUrva dena siddha hogii| samyagdarzana (sailAnA) 20 mArca 1972 samIkSaka : bhI umeza muni 'aNu' itihAsa kI nUtana vidhA pazcima jagat kI dena hai| phira bhI yaha mAnanA bhrAnta hogA ki prAcIna bhArata ke manISI, itihAsa rUpa sAhitya vidhA se bilakula aparicita the| vaidikoM ne purANoM meM itihAsa nibaddha karane kA prayatna kiyaa| jaina prAcAryoM ne kAlacakra ke avasarpiNI utsarpiNI rUpa vibhAgoM ke anusAra ghaTanAkrama ko saMyojita karake, itihAsa ko surakSita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| __ ""yaha tIrthakara khaNDa hai| isameM tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrva bhavoM aura jIvana ke viSaya meM lekhana humA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrvabhavoM ko prAja ke itihAsavid zuddha itihAsa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kara sakate kyoMki Adhunika itihAsa-lekhana bhautikavAda kI bhittI para pratiSThita hai| (bha0 mahAvIra ke viSaya meM prApta aitihAsika sAmagrI kA vipula mAtrA meM upayoga kiyA gayA hai| prabhu vIra ke bhakta rAjAmoM kA paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai| Page #922 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 864 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 kucha bhrAMtiyoM (mAMsAhAra, pAsattha, zreNika aura kUNika ke dharma Adi se sambandhita) kA nirasana bhI kiyA gayA hai| bha0 mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 22 varSa pazcAt buddha ke nirvANa kAla ko aneka pramANoM se siddha kiyA gayA hai| pUjya zrI kI saiddhAntika dRSTi isa lekhana meM barAbara sthira rahI hai / bhASA pravAhapUrNa aura sarasa hai| kathA rasa-premI aura itihAsa-premI donoM kI ruci ko santuSTa karane kI sAmarthya hai--isa graMtha meM / itanI vizAla pRSThabhUmi para tIrthaMkaroM ke viSaya meM eka hI grantha meM pramANa purassara prAlekhana kA merI dRSTi meM yaha prathama vyavasthita prayAsa hai / aitihAsika anveSakoM ke lie, yaha grantha bar3A sahAyaka siddha ho sakatA hai| isameM pahalI bAra gaveSaNAtmaka DhaMga se sArI sAmagrI ko vyavasthita kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM janetara srotoM kA bhI udAratApUrvaka upayoga kiyA gayA hai aura jaina dRSTi se likhate hae tathyoM kI atiraMjatA se bacA gayA hai / saMkSepa meM kaheM to grantha meM itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM tIrthaMkaroM ke bAre meM upalabdha tathyoM, sAkSyoM Adi kA samAveza karate hae ekAMgI dRSTikoNa na apanA kara sahI mUlyAMkana karane meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| tathyoM ke pratipAdana kI zailI subodha aura rocaka hai, jo loka bhASA kI samanvita chaTA sAdhAraNa pAThakoM ko bhI sampUrNa grantha par3hane ke liye prAkarSita karatI hai| hameM vizvAsa hai ki itihAsa ke vidyArthI kI taraha hI sAdhAraNa pAThakoM dvArA bhI grantha kA paThana-pAThana kiyA jaayegaa| mudraNa nirdoSa, AkarSaka aura kalAtmaka hai / madhukara munijI "itihAsa kA prAlekhana vastutaH sarala nahIM mAnA jaataa| isake pAlekhana meM pramukha prAvazyakatA hotI hai taTasthatA kI ora sajaga rahane kii| aneka purAtana va navya bhavya graMthoM kA adhyayana-avalokana karake prAcArya zrI jI ne jo yaha graMtha taiyAra kiyA hai, usameM ve kAphI saphala hue haiM, aisA merA abhimata hai| parama viduSI mahAsatI jI zrI ujjvalakumArI jI mahArAja sA..... tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kI prAmANika sAmagrI prApta karAne ke liye prAcArya zrIjI ne jo mahAn parizrama uThAyA hai, use dekha kara koI bhI vyakti dhanyavAda diye binA nahIM raha sktaa| Page #923 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sammatiyAM ] DaoN0 raghuvIrasiMha, ema. e. DI. liT, sItAmaU (madhyapradeza ) 26 janavarI, 72 kA patrAMza aba taka jaina dharma kA prAmANika pUrA itihAsa kahIM bhI aura vizeSa kara hindI meM to avazya hI dekhane ko nahIM milA thA, ataeva isa graMtha ke prakAzana se vaha bahuta bar3I kamI kaI aMzoM meM pUrI hone jA rahI hai / zrataH isa graMtha ke prakAzana kA maiM hRdaya se svAgata karatA huuN| harmana jekobI prAdi kucha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne avazya hI jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI ora kucha dhyAna diyA thA, tathApi idhara prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa viSayaka saMzodhakoM aura itihAsakAroM ne jaina dharma ke itihAsa tathA tatsambandhI AdhAra sAmagrI kI prAyaH upekSA hI kI hai / jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI zrAdhAra sAmagrI adhikatara ardha mAgadhI prAdi prAcya bhASAoM meM prApya hai evaM unakA samyak jJAna aura adhyayana nahIM hone ke kAraNa bhI itihAsakAroM ne ukta sAmagrI meM prAyaH jAnakArI kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA thA, tathApi jo kucha jJAta ho sakA hai usase yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki prAcIna kAla meM to avazya hI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI bhAratIya itihAsa meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai, prataeva prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa ke usa pahalU kA pUrA-pUrA adhyayana kiye binA tatsambandhI sahI pariprekSya kI jAnakArI nahIM ho skegii| merA vizvAsa hai ki usa dRSTi se bhI jaina dharma kA yaha maulika itihAsa vizeSa rUpa se upayogI aura sahAyaka hogA / I ... pUrva aitihAsika kAla ke vivaraNa ko jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para prastuta kara usa kAla para prAge zodha karane vAloM ko tatsambandhI adhika jAnakArI aura adhyayana meM bahuta bar3I sahAyatA dI gaI hai / prArambhika tIrthaMkaroM ke kAla Adi kI samasyA avazya uThatI hai / tatsambandhI jaina paramparAnoM kA aba taka adhyayana zraura vizleSaNa nahIM huA, kyoMki sunizcita rUpa meM subodha DhaMga se vaha itihAsajJoM ko sulabha nahIM thI / ataH aba isa maulika itihAsa meM prastuta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para vaha bhI bhaviSya meM sambhava ho sakegA / meM jaina dharma ke tattvoM Adi kI bhI sarala subodha DhaMga se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / yoM isa grantha ko bahuvidha jAnakArI se paripUrNa banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA I jaina dharma hI nahIM bhAratIya saMskRti aura purAtana paramparAoMoM ke isa pahalU vizeSa kI jAnakArI ke icchukoM ke liye yaha grantha bahuta hI upayogI pramANita hogA / ataH yaha bAta nissaMkoca kahI jA sakatI hai ki hindI sAhitya kI vizeSa upalabdhi ke rUpa meM isa graMtha ko vizeSa sthAna prApta hogA / etad [ 865 paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI ( nasiyAM, byAvara ) maiMne isakA prAdyopAnta adhyayana kiyA / digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA viSayaka granthoM kA manana karake jisa niSpakSatA se yaha graMtha likhA gayA hai, * Page #924 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 866 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 . usake liye isake lekhaka-nirdezaka prAcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja evaM sampAdaka maNDala kA jaina samAja sadA RNI rhegaa| pratyeka tIrthakara ke samaya meM hone vAle zalAkA puruSoM evaM anya prasiddha puruSoM kA carita-citraNa karake saMkSepa meM aneka graMthoM ke sAra kA dohana kara liyA gayA hai| Aja ke samaya meM aise hI jaina itihAsa ke prantha kI prAvazyakatA bahuta samaya se anubhava kI jA rahI thI, usakI pUrti karake itihAsa samiti ne eka bar3I kamI kI pUrti kI hai, grantha kI chapAI-saphAI mAdi bahuta uttama hai, isake lie Apa sarva dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| zrI pragaracanda nAhaTA pustaka bahuta hI upayogI hai / kAphI zrama se taiyAra kI gaI hai| isase kucha naye tathya bhI sAmane Aye haiM / digambara zvetAmbara tulanAtmaka koSTaka upayogI hai| aisI pustaka kI bahuta AvazyakatA thii| zrI zrIcanda jaina, ema. e., ela-ela. bI. prAcArya evaM upAdhyama, hindI vibhAga sAndIpani snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya * ujjana (ma. pra.) ....."vastutaH itihAsa likhanA talavAra kI dhAra para tIvragati se calanA hai| isa kaThina sAdhanA meM saphalatA usI vidvAna ko prApta hotI hai, jisake mAnasa meM satyopalabdhi kI lalaka agni-jvAlA ke samAna prajvalita rahatI hai| bhAcArya zrI hastImalajI ma. ne jisa sunizcita evaM vyApaka dRSTikoNa ko apanA kara jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa likhA hai, vaha unakI satata sAdhanA kA eka pravinazvara kIrtistambha hai| isameM unake vistRta adhyayana, niSpakSa cintana, akATya tarkazIlatA evaM antarmukhI prAtmAnubhUti kI niSkalaMka chavi prasphuTita huI hai| jisa prakAra vyagra tUphAnoM kI kasamasAhaTa meM nAvika kA cAturya parIkSita hotA hai, usI prakAra sahasrAdhika virodhI pramANoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM eka mAnavatAvAdI, dArzanika aura aitihAsika satya kI sthApanA karanA itihAsakAra kI vivekazIlatA kA yotaka hai / pUjya hastImalajI mahArAja kI lekhanI meM yaha vaiziSTya sarvatra vidyamAna hai / vidvAnoM kI yaha eka mAnyatA sI hai ki itihAsa meM paryApta zuSkatA hotI hai / phalataH pAThaka usake anuzIlana se ghabar3Ate haiN| lekina pUjya prAcArya kI zailI pUrNarUpeNa sarasa hai, bhASA prAala hai| anya meM sarvatra bhASA zailI kI supar3atA ullekhya hai| bhAvoM ko vyavasthita rUpa meM prakaTa karane vAlI pravAhapUrNa aisI bhASA bahata kama vidvAnoM ke granthoM meM upalabdha hotI hai|........ . samAlocya racanA eka aise prabhAva kI pUrti karatI hai, jo saikar3oM varSoM se jainamanISiyoM ko khaTaka rahA thA lekina .prAsthA-vizvAsa kI kamI ke kAraNa koI Page #925 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sammatiyAM ] [ 867 niSThAvAn itihAsa kA vidvAn prAge bar3hane kA sAhasa nahIM kara pA rahA thA / isa grantha meM maulikatA kA prAdhAnya hai / sAhityasAdhanA ke lie samarpita santa hI aise mahAn kArya kara sakate haiM / paristhitiyoM kA citraNa isa racanA kI eka vizeSatA hai| isa itihAsa se aise kaI tathya prakAza meM bhAe haiM jo aitihAsika pIThikA ko balavatI banAte haiM jisase prasiddha itihAsakAroM ko bhI apanI mAnyatAoM ko parivartita karanA hogA / zrAcArya zrI kI yaha sAhityasAdhanA yuga-yugoM taka smaraNIya rhegii| aise mahimAmaya grantha ko prakAzita kara jaina itihAsa samiti sAdhuvAda ke sarvathA yogya hai / ... jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, tIrthaMkara khaNDa maiMne zrAdyopAnta par3hA | jaina dharma ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM pracuramAtrA meM naye tathyoM kA udghATana evaM vivecana huA hai / isa itihAsa kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM upalabdha samasta sAmagrI kA upayoga tathA digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM paramparAmroM kI mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / samIkSA DaoN0 mahAvIra sarana jaina ema. e., DI. phila. DI. liT. adhyakSa- snAtakottara hindI evaM bhASA vijJAna vibhAga jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya .... "prastuta khaNDa meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM prAcIna va Adhunika granthoM ke prakAza meM anuzIlanAtmaka prAmANika aura suvyavasthita sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI hai aura sAtha hI una bAtoM kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai jo bhrAmaka thIM / prAcArya zrI ne taya kiyA hai ki vartamAna grantha sAmAnya pAThakoM ke lie sarala, subodha zailI meM prastuta kiyA jAya, unheM isa prayAsa meM pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| pariziSTa meM jo caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM malabhya aitihAsika sAmagrI vargIkRta DhaMga se dI hai, usane grantha kI mahattA ko kaI gunA bar3hA diyA hai / prAkAzavANI jayapura samIkSaka-sva0 zrI sumaneza jozI jaina paramparA ke tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM eka sAtha itane vyavasthita rUpa se saMbhavata: pahalI bAra hI itihAsa grantha taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina aura jainetara una sabhI logoM ke liye grantha pratyanta mahatva kA hai jo jaina paramparA ke cobIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta, kaThora tapa sAdhanA aura unake udAtta caritroM ko jAnanA cAhate haiM / anekAnta zrI paramAnanda jaina zAstrI grantha meM yathAsthAna matabhedoM aura digambara mAnyatAoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / lekhana zailI meM kahIM bhI kaTutA aura sAmpradAyika prabhiniveza kA Page #926 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 868 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 3 ubhAra nahIM hone pAyA hai / bhASA sarala evaM muhAvaredAra hai / usameM gati evaM pravAha hai / pariziSTa ke cArTa bahuta upayogI haiN| pustaka paThanIya aura saMgrAhya hai / DaoN0 kamalacanda sogAnI " itihAsa samiti, jayapura eka bahuta hI uttama kArya meM lagI hai / AcAryazrI ke athaka parizrama ne aisI uttama pustaka hameM pradAna kI hai / tIrthaMkaroM ke paramparAgata itihAsa para abhI taka koI pustaka aisI vyava - sthita dekhane ko nahIM milii| isameM lekhaka ne sabhI dRSTiyoM se tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra likhane meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| phuTa noTsa ke mUla granthoM ke sandarbha se kRti pUrNa pramANika bana gayI hai / tIrtha kara ( indaura ) janavarI, 1672 samIkSaka : DaoN0 nemIcaMda jaina ( Alocya grantha isa dazaka kA eka mahatvapUrNa aura ullekhanIya prakAzana hai / isameM jaina tIrthaMkara paramparA ko lekara tulanAtmaka aura vaijJAnika paddhati se tathyoM ko prAkalita, samIkSita aura mUlyAMkita kiyA gayA hai / yoM jaina dharma ke itihAsa ko lekara kaI chuTapuTa prayatna hue haiM, kintu ukta grantha kA isa saMdarbha meM apanA svatantra mahatva hai / isakI sAmagrI prAmANika, vizvasanIya, vyavasthita aura vastUnmukha hai / grantha kI mahattA isameM nahIM hai ki isane kisa tIrthaMkara kI kitanI sAmagrI dI hai varan isameM hai ki isane pahalI bAra itanI prAmANika, vaijJAnika, vizvasanIya, tulanAtmaka aura gaveSaNAtmaka DhaMga se sArI sAmagrI ko vyavasthita kiyA haiM / samagratA aura samIkSAtmaka dRSTi ukta grantha kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai ki isameM na kevala athaka zrama aura sUkSma AloDana ke sAtha tathyoM kI samIkSA huI hai varan sArA prakAzana eka suvyavasthita aitihAsika anuzAsana se baddhamUla hai / svatantra gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi ke kAraNa hI jainetara srotoM kA bhI udAratApUrvaka upayoga kiyA gayA hai aura jaina dRSTi se likhe jAne para bhI tathyoM kI pratiraMjanA se bacA gayA hai / (prAcArya zrI hastImalajI ke suyogya nirdezana kA mariNa - kA~cana yoga sarvatra draSTavya hai / unake dvArA likhe gaye prAkkathana ne grantha ke mahatva ko svayaMmeva bar3hA diyA hai| prAkkathana meM kaI maulika tathyoM para pahalI bAra vicAra huA hai, yathA "tIrthaMkara aura kSatriyakula" "tIrthakara zrI nAtha sampradAya" / pariziSToM ne grantha kI upayogitA meM vRddhi kI hai / prAya: jaina granthoM meM itane vyApaka aura tulanAtmaka pariziSTa nahIM dekhe jAte kintu isa grantha ke tInoM pariziSTa kaI tathyoM kA vihaMgAvalokana prastuta karate haiM / diye gaye tathya tulanAtmaka haiM aura zvetAMmbara tathA digambara dRSTikoNa ko anAsakta rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM / Page #927 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ sammatiyAM ] [ =96 tathyoM ke pratipAdana kI zailI suvodha aura rocaka hai / itihAsa kI nIrasatA aura zukatA kI apekSA sAhitya aura sahaja lokabhASA kI samanvita chaTA dikhAyI detI hai| isa grantha kI paThanIyatA meM vRddhi huI hai| jaina vicAra, AcAra aura sambandhita mahApuruSoM ko lekara ukta grantha maulika hai aura apanA pRthaka sthAna rakhatA hai / hameM vizvAsa hai isakA itihAsa aura dharma ke marmajJoM meM samAdara hogA aura jainadharma ke vibhinna sampradAya isakI samagratA se prabhAvita hokara adhika nikaTa AyeMge / chapAI nirdoSa, AkarSaka aura kalAtmaka hai, mUlya sarvathA ucita hai / jaina saMdeza 24 pharavarI, 72 samIkSaka : paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI kahIM bhI zailI meM sAmpradAyikatA kA abhiniveza nahIM Ane pAyA hai / pustaka paThanIya hai, saMgrAhya hai / lekhana kI taraha prakAzana bhI AkarSaka hai / isa samaya isI taraha ke sundara prakAzanoM kI AvazyakatA hai / hama itihAsa samiti ko usake isa sundara prakAzana para badhAI dete haiM / DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina ema0 e0, pI0 eca0 DI0 pradhyakSa, pAli- prAkRta vibhAga, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura ....... isameM yatra-tatra jainetara sAhitya kA bhI bharapUra upayoga kiyA gayA hai / zAstra ke viparIta na jAne kA vizeSa dhyAna vidvAna lekhaka ne rakhA hai / phira bhI digambara jaina paramparA ke aura bauddha tathA vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM samAhita aitihAsika tathyoM ko yathAsthAna udghATita karane kA mahArAja sA0 kA prayatna sarAhanIya hai / bhASA, bhAva, zailI aura viSaya kI dRSTi se lekhaka niHsandeha apane lakSya kI prApti meM saphala huA hai / aise mahanIya grantha ke lie lekhaka aura sampAdaka maNDala dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / jaina samAja ke uccakoTi ke vidvAna zrI dalasukha bhAI mAlavariyA "AcAryazrI ! sAdara bahumAna pUrvaka vandaragA / 'jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa' bhAga 2 ke rocaka prakaraNa evaM ApakI prastAvanA pddh'ii| Apane isa graMtha meM jaina itihAsa kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM jo parizrama kiyA hai, jaisI taTasthatA dikhAI hai, vaha durlabha hai | bahuta kAla taka ApakA yaha itihAsa graMtha prAmANika itihAsa ke rUpa meM kAyama rahegA / naye tathyoM kI sambhAvanA aba kama hI hai / jo tathya Apane ekatra kiye haiM Page #928 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 870 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 bhaura unako yathAsthAna sajAyA hai, vaha eka sujJa itihAsa ke vidvAn ke yogya kArya hai| isa graMtha ko par3hakara mApake prati jo mAdara thA, vaha aura bhI bar3ha gayA hai| mAzA hai, aisA hI Age ke bhAgoM meM bhI mApa kreNge| . zrI rAThor3a kA parizrama aura bahuzru tattva isameM prApako sahAyaka humA hai, isako mApane svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha prApake aura unake vyaktitva ko bar3hAtA hai|") Page #929 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 4. 'do zabda kA AMgla bhASAyI mUla (pavibhUSaNa DA. daulatasiMhajI koThArI cAMsalara, javAharalAla neharU vizvavidyAlaya) Jain Dharma ka Maulik Itihas by Pujya Acharya Shri Hastimalji Maharaj This is a monumental work on the history of the Jain religion by one of the most renowned and erudite of Jain saints dedicated to a Life of Ahinsa in the service of menkind and indeed of all living creatures. The work is in five parts. Two have already appeared. This is the third part, and the fourth and fifth are under preparation. The first part traces the history from the earliest times (going back to protohistory and mythology) to the Nirvana of Lord Mahavira. The second part is an account of the next one thousand years from the first disciple, and Sudharma Swami, the first head of the order following Mahavira to the 27th Head Devardbi Gani Kshama-Shraman. The third part, the present volume, is concerned with the period from the year 1001 after the Nirvana of Mahavira to the year 1475, some years before the period of the celebrated Acharya Hemchandra. The fourth part will bring the account from nearly Vir Nirvana Samvat 1475 upto the period of Lonka Shah (Veer Nirwana Samvat 1978-2009). The fifth part will bring the account upto the present times, beginning with Lonka Shah. The work has entailed great and determined effort, and use of wide ranging and diverse source materials, including earlier studies by many famous scholars and Acharyas such as Acharya Hemchandra, author of Trishashthi Shalaka Purush Charitra and Acharya Prabhachandra, author of Prabhavak Charitra. The exposition with all the merits of deep scholarship is in an easy, lucid style. This should make the publication of wide interest. The volumes describe the bistory of developments including distortions and aberrations, Page #930 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ svo ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 3 and historically inevitable schisms in the principles and practices of the Jain religion. The Jain religion is par excellence the religion of Ahinsa in thought, word and deed. Because of this, women's role and contribution to Jainism has been of special significance (see for instance page 201 of the present volume). This role has also an important message and meaning for today's world moving, hopefully, towards the future age of Science and Ahinsa. What is of the greatest sigoificance, particularly in the context of the Atomic Age, is the fact that despite the most violent, tumultuous and torturous times there have been individuals-saints and others, a succession of them who have kept alive the light of the supreme and the never failing ideal of Universal Love and Ahinsa, proclaimed, practised and preached by Lord Mahavira, and by Lord Buddha. The words of the great historian Arnold Toyanbee (Foreword to a book on Shri Ramkrishna) immediately come to mind in this connection : "(In the Atomic Age) at this supremely dangerous moment in human history the only way of salvation for mankind is the Indian way. In the Atomic Age the whole human race has a utilitarian motive for following the Indian way. No utilitarian motive could be stronger or more respectable in itself. The survival of the human race is at stake. Yet even the strongest and most respectable utilitarian motive is only a secondary reason for taking... (the Indian way) to heart and acting on it. The primany reason is that this teaching is right-and is right because it flows from a true vision of spiritual reality." The UNESCO Charter opens with the words-"Since wars begin in the minds of man, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed." (It reminds us of the opening stranzas of the Dhammapada.) The great, poignantly imperative question is : How can this be done, achieved ? So far very little has happened in that direction though the need is desperate and it is universal. This gives an added importance and relevance to publications such as the present one dealing with men's explorations and adventures in the realm of self-control (ATH) and Ahinsa. The two go together. In the Hind Swaraj, Gandhiji declared that Swaraj is self control. The Geeta proclaimed (11-61): vazehi yasyendriyAriNa tasya prajJA pratiSThitA It is he alone whose senses are under control, that his intelligence (mind) cap perceive truth ind act accordingly. Einstein says :-"The true Page #931 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ at to ] [.503 value of a human being is determined primarily by the measure and the sense in which he has attained liberation from the self." The message of Jainism is (Harry P80) : eyaM khu nArigaNo sAraM jaM na hiMsai kaMcaNaM / ahiMsA samayaM ceva etAvaMte viyAriNayA / / The value of true knowledge lies in liberation from violence in thought, word and deed. Ahinsa is the foundation of wisdom and tranquility of mind. And Vinobaji says : maiM kabUla karatA hUM ki mujha para gItA kA gaharA asara hai / usa gItA ko chor3akara mahAvIra se baDhakara kisI kA asara mere citta para nahIM hai|....giitaa ke bAda kahA, lekina jaba dekhatA hUM to mujhe donoM meM pharaka hI nahIM dIkhatA hai| "... For me there is really no difference between the teaching of the Geeta and of Mahavira." Amongst all the forces that have influenced and shaped the cultural and socio-political history of man-or rather the cultural evolution-perhaps none has been more pervasive and potent than religion in its widest sense. And Ahinsa could be regarded as man's supreme discovery. These considerations make the history of religion of no small interest to those interested in Socio-biology, a current subject of far reaching importance. We are deeply greatful to the Acharya Shri for this valuable and inspiring contribution to Jain history and philosophy. It is to be hoped that an abridged version published in one volume would be brought out soon for the benefit of a larger circle of readers. An English translation would be distinctly useful and will fill a widely felt need D. S. Kothari Delhi October, 1983. Page #932 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ Page #933 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 2ItA parasparopagraho jIvAnAm sAra Page #934 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ niyArAvAsa hApAkA namAnita Tam JMER ...kA prakAzaka: samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala jaina itihAsa samiti bApU bAjAra, jayapura - 3 (rAja.)- lAla bhavana, caur3A rAstA, phona : 0141-565997 jayapura -3 (rAja.)