Jain Parampara aur Yapaniya Sangh Part 01

Author(s): Ratanchand Jain
Publisher: Sarvoday Jain Vidyapith Agra
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004042/1

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jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha prathama khaNDa pro0 (DaoN0 ) ratanacandra jaina For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha prastuta grantha meM jaina saMghoM ke itihAsa, sAhitya, siddhAnta aura AcAra kI gaveSaNA kI gayI hai| vaidika grantha mahAbhArata ke uttaMkopAkhyAna ke anusAra digambarajainaparamparA dvAparayuga meM (Aja se lagabhaga 9 lAkha varSa pUrva) vidyamAna thii| viSNupurANa kI svAyaMbhuvamanukathA ukta paramparA kA astitva prathama svAyaMbhuvamanvantara meM (Aja se lagabhaga DhAI karor3a varSa pahale) batalAtI hai| bauddha piTakasAhitya meM kI gaI nirgranthoM kI carcAe~ pramANa detI haiM ki buddha ke samaya (IsA pUrva chaThI zatI) meM digambarajainamata pracalita thaa| har3appA kI khudAI meM prApta nagna jinapratimA Aja se pA~ca hajAra varSa pUrva digambarajainasaMgha ke astitva kI sUcanA detI hai| lohAnIpura (paTanA, bihAra) meM prApta vaisI hI nagna jinapratimA 300 I0 pU0 meM digambarajainasaMgha kA astitva siddha karatI hai| azoka ke eka stambhalekha meM ullikhita 'nirgrantha' zabda bhI IsApUrva tRtIya zatI meM ukta paramparA kI maujUdagI sUcita karatA hai| zvetAmbarasaMgha kA janma antima anubaddha kevalI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda (IsApUrva 465 meM) nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se huA thA / ardhaphAlakasaMgha IsApUrva caturtha zatI meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke phalasvarUpa astitva meM AyA thaa| Age calakara vaha zvetAmbara aura digambara saMghoM meM vilIna ho gayA / yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM zvetAmbarasaMgha se huI thI, aura vaha IsA kI 15vIM zatI meM vilupta ho gyaa| IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI taka digambarajainasaMgha nirgranthazramaNasaMgha ke nAma se aura zvetAmbarasaMgha zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| AcArya kundakunda IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM utpanna hue the aura Isottara prathama zatI ke pUrvArdha taka vidyamAna rhe| kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra, tiloyapaNNattI Adi granthoM meM savastra-mukti, strImukti, paratIrthikamukti, gRhasthamukti, kevalibhakti Adi zvetAmbarIya evaM yApanIya mAnyatAoM kA niSedha hai| ataH ye sabhI digambarajainaparamparA ke grantha haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha (jaina saMghoM ke itihAsa, sAhitya, siddhAnta aura AcAra kI gaveSaNA) prathama khaNDa digambara, zvetAmbara, yApanIya saMghoM kA itihAsa pro0 (DaoN0) ratanacandra jaina pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa : saMskRtavibhAga zA0 hamIdiyA snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya bhopAla, ma.pra. pUrva rIDara : prAkRta tulanAtmaka bhASA evaM saMskRti vibhAga barakataullA vizvavidyAlaya bhopAla, ma.pra. sarvodaya jaina vidyApITha, AgarA (u.pra.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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ISBN 81 - 902788 - 0-0 (Set ) ISBN 81 - 902788 - 1-9( Volume I ) . sarvodaya jaina vidyApITha granthamAlA : granthAGka 1 . jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha prathama khaNDa pro0 (DaoN0) ratanacandra jaina prakAzaka sarvodaya jaina vidyApITha 1/205, prophesarsa kaoNlonI AgarA - 282002, u0pra0 lipyaGkana : samatA presa, bhopAla mudraka : dIpa priNTarsa 70e, rAmA roDa, iMDasTriyala eriyA, kIrti nagara, naI dillI-110015 dUrabhASa : 09871196002 prathama saMskaraNa : vI0 ni0 saM0 2535, I0 2009. pratiyA~ : 1000 mUlya : 500 rupaye sarvAdhikAra : pro0 (DaoN0) ratanacandra jaina JAINA PARAMPARA AURA YAPANIYA SANGHA Vol. I By Prof. (Dr.) Ratana Chandra Jaina Published by Sarvodaya Jaina Vidyapitha 1/205, Professors' Colony AGRA-282002,U.P. First Edition : 1000 Price : Rs. 500 (c): Prof. (Dr.) Ratana Chandra Jaina For Personal & Private Use Only

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samarpaNa Isottara 20vIM - 21vIM zatI ke adbhuta, advitIya, atilokapriya digambarajaina muni paramapUjya AcArya zrI 108 vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ko, jinakI pragAr3ha Agama zraddhA, talasparzI AgamajJAna evaM AgamaniSThacaryA ne isa paMcamakAla meM munipada ko prAmANikatA aura zraddhAspadatA pradAna kI hai, jinake alaukika AkarSaNa ke vazIbhUta ho anaginata yuvA-yuvatiyA~ bhogapatha kA parityAga kara yogapatha ke pathika bana gaye aura nirantara bana rahe haiM, jinakI vAtsalyamayI dRSTi, arttihAriNI muskAna evaM hitamita-priya vacana darzanArthiyoM ko Ananda ke sAgara meM DubA dete haiM, jinake vAtsalyaprasAda kA pAtra meM bhI banA hU~ tathA jinhoMne aneka zubha uttaradAyitva AzIrvAda meM pradAna kara mere jIvana ke antima caraNa ko dharmadhyAna kendrita banA diyaa| namo'stu / For Personal & Private Use Only gurucaraNAnurAgI ratanacandra jaina

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paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya O granthakathA O granthasAra D saMketAkSara - vivaraNa antastattva prathama khaNDa digambara, zvetAmbara, yApanIya saMghoM kA itihAsa prathama adhyAya kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita tarkaprAsAda 1. tIrthaMkaroM ke savastra - tIrthopadezaka hone kI kalpanA 2. boTika zivabhUti ke digambaramata- pravartaka hone kI kalpanA 3. boTika zivabhUti ke yApanIyamatapravartaka hone kI kalpanA 4. kundakunda ke digambaramatapravartaka hone kI kalpanA 5. kundakunda ke prathamataH yApanIya hone kI kalpanA 6. kundakunda ke prathamataH bhaTTAraka hone kI kalpanA 7. uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha kI kalpanA 8. sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se zvetAmbara -yApanIya sampradAyoM ke udbhava kI kalpanA 9. acela evaM sacela jinakalpoM ke vyuccheda kI kalpanA 10. sAmAnyapuruSoM ke lie tIrthaMkaraliMga-grahaNa ke niSedha kI kalpanA pRSThAMka teIsa unatIsa ikyAvana eka sau ikyAsI For Personal & Private Use Only 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6

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[ATha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 11. acelatva ke mukhya aura aupacArika bhedoM kI kalpanA 12. sagrantha meM nirgrantha kI kalpanA 13. mUlasaMgha ke yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrvanAma hone kI kalpanA 14. kundakundasAhitya meM dArzanika vikAsa kI kalpanA 15. zivamAra meM zivakumAra kI kalpanA 16. aneka digambaragranthoM ke yApanIyagrantha hone kI kalpanA 17. guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke vikAsa kI kalpanA 18. saptabhaMgI ke vikAsa kI kalpanA 19. yApanIyoM dvArA ardhamAgadhI-AgamoM ke zaurasenIkaraNa kI kalpanA 20. digambaragranthoM meM yApanIyamata-viruddha kathanoM ke prakSepa kI kalpanA 13 21. svAbhISTa kalpita-zabdAdi kA AropaNa1. kalpita zabda, 2. kalpita artha, 3. kalpita lakSaNa dvitIya adhyAya kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana prathama prakaraNa-tIrthakaroM kA savastratIrthopadezakatva pramANaviruddha o virodhI pramANa dvitIya prakaraNa-zivabhUti yApanIyamata-digambaramata-prarvataka nahIM 1. boTikamatotpattikathA 2. boTikamatotpattikathA kA vistAra se varNana 3. muni kalyANavijaya jI ke managaDhanta niSkarSa 4. zvetAmbara zivabhUti dvArA digambaramata kA varaNa 5. zivabhUti ke tarka evaM mAnyatAe~ digambaramatAnugAmI 5.1. sacelaliMga kA sarvathA niSedha 5.1.1. upadhigrahaNa parigraha hai 5.1.2. upadhiparigraha se mUrchAdi aneka doSa avazyaMbhAvI 5.2. jinakalpa ke nAma se ekamAtra acela jinaliMga kA samarthana For Personal & Private Use Only

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antastattva 5.2.1. acela jinakalpa se hI mokSa kI prApti 5.2.2. jinendragRhIta hone se acelaliMga hI prAmANika 5.2.3. zruta meM acelatva kA hI upadeza 5.3. zvetAmbarIya sacela jinakalpa kA samarthana nahIM 5.4. sacelakatA ke niSedha se strImukti kA niSedha 5.4.1. strIdIkSA nahIM dI gaI 5.4.2. strImukti ke lie sthAna nahIM ... 5.5. zivabhUti ko zvetAmbarAgama mAnya nahIM boTika aura yApanIya parasparaviruddha paramparAe~ 6.1. boTikamata aura yApanIyamata meM ghora vaiSamya 6.2. zvetAmbaragranthoM meM boTikoM kI nindA, yApanIyoM kI prazaMsA 45 6.3. prAcIna zvetAmbaragranthoM meM boTikoM kI 'digambara' saMjJA - mAlavaNiyA jI kA mata yukti-pramANaviruddha 6.4. Adhunika zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kA mata : boTika-digambara eka 57 6.5. zvetAmbarasAhitya meM boTikoM kI 'yApanIya' saMjJA nhiiN| 7. kundakunda ke prathamataH yApanIyamatAvalambI hone kA mata asatya . 8. kundakunda boTika zivabhUti se pUrvavartI 9. kundakunda zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke paramparA-ziSya 10. kundakunda ke digambaramata-pravartaka hone kA mata kapolakalpita 0 digambaramata kundakunda se pUrvavartI 10.1. pA~cavI zatI I0 ke pUrva nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha kA astitva 10.2. kundakunda-prarUpita mArga jinapraNIta : A0 hastImala jI 10.3. Agamokta saralamArga kA niSedha amanovaijJAnika 10.4. dakSiNa meM digambaraparamparA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se pUrvavartI 10.5. zivabhUti dvArA jinendragRhIta acelaliMga kA aMgIkAra 10.6. zvetAmbaragranthoM meM kundakunda kA ullekha nahIM 10.7. digambarasaMgha bhadrabAhu kI paramparA kA saMgha : DaoN0 sAgaramala jI 11. boTikasaMgha kI dakSiNayAtrA aprAmANika 12. 'mUlasaMgha' yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrvanAma nahIM 13. 'yApanIyasaMgha' digambarasaMgha kA pUrvanAma nahIM 14. parasparavirodhI dharAzAyI hotI kahAniyA~ For Personal & Private Use Only

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[dasa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 tRtIya prakaraNa-uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha kapolakalpita 1. acela-sacela donoM liMgoM se mukti ke upadeza kI kalpanA 2. ukta kapolakalpanA dvArA aneka prayojanoM kI siddhi kA prayAsa 83 3. kapolakalpita hone ke zAstrIya pramANa 3.1. bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirgranthasaMgha sarvathA acelamArgI 3.2. mahAvIrapraNIta jinakalpa-sthavirakalpa donoM sarvathA acela 3.3. zvetAmbaramAnya jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa donoM sacela . 3.3.1. jinakalpI bhI sacela aura anagna 3.3.2. zvetAmbara-jinakalpikoM kA nagna rahanA asaMbhava 3.3.3. zvetAmbara-jinakalpikoM kA nagnatva aucityavihIna 3.3.4. vastralabdhimAn jinakalpika nAmamAtra se acela 3.4. AcArAMgavarNita acelatva avyavahata 3.5. jinakalpa ke vyuccheda kI ghoSaNA 3.6. Arya mahAgiri kA jinakalpa digambaraparamparA kA jinaliMga 3.7. sacela jinakalpa kapolakalpita 3.8. acelatva kI 'jinakalpa' saMjJA svakalpita 3.9. jinakalpa-nAmakaraNa ke prayojana 3.10. jinakalpa-nAmakaraNa ke prayojana hI viccheda-ghoSaNA ke - prayojana 104 3.11. acelatva ke AcaraNa kA viccheda nahIM, parityAga 0 niSkarSa 4. kapolakalpita hone ke aitihAsika pramANa 107 5. DaoNkTara sA0 ke mata meM parivartana - mahAvIra ke nirgranthasaMgha kA sarvathA acela honA mAnya 109 - acela-nirgranthasaMgha se sacela-zvetAmbarasaMgha kA udbhava mAnya 109 - zvetAmbarasaMgha se yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti svIkArya caturtha prakaraNa-sacelAcela-saMgha se zvetAmbara-yApanIyoM ke udbhava kI mAnyatA kapolakalpita 112 1. ukta kapolakalpanA kA mahattvapUrNa prayojana 112 2. kapolakalpitatA ke pramANa 106 106 109 109 113 For Personal & Private Use Only

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122 124 antastattva [gyAraha] paJcama prakaraNa-sAmAnya puruSoM ke lie tIrthakaraliMga-niSedha managaDhanta 117 1. paMcamakAla meM sacelaliMga ko hI jinokta, ucita aura anivArya ThaharAne kA prayAsa 117 2. digambaramata ko nihnavamata (mithyAmata) siddha karane kI ceSTA 120 3. hInasaMhananadhAriyoM ko bhI tIrthaMkaraliMga-grahaNa kA upadeza : isake pramANa 3.1. mahAvIra kA upadeza paMcamakAla ke jIvoM ke lie bhI 121 3.2. acelakadharma kA upadeza tIrthaMkaroM ke lie nahIM 3.3. Asrava-bandha-saMvara-nirjarA ke hetu sabake lie samAna 122 3.4. paJcamakAlIna pramatta-apramattasaMyatoM ko bhI nAgnyaparISaha 3.5. hInasaMhananadhArI ko bhI nagna hone para hI zItAdiparISaha saMbhava 3.6. AcArAMga meM acelatva se saMyama-ziSTatA kI hAni amAnya, hrI-kutsA-bhaya-tyAga prazaMsita / 125 3.7. vairAgyapariNata jJAnI nagnamuni kA liMgotthAna saMbhava nahIM / 127 3.8. napuMsaka banAye jAne kI dhAraNA hAsyAspada 128 4. digambaraparamparA meM jinaliMga Aja bhI pravartamAna 132 5. zvetAmbaroM kA digambaramata ke prati AkarSaNa SaSTha prakaraNa-sagrantha ke lie 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga itihAsaviruddha 138 1. digambaragranthoM meM 'nirgrantha' zabda 'sarvathA acela' kA vAcaka 138 2. abhilekhoM meM 'nirgrantha' zabda "digambara jaina muni' kA vAcaka 140 3. DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ke mata meM parivartana-IsApUrva caturtha zatI se digambarasaMgha hI 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha 4. IsApUrva caturtha zatI se zvetAmbarasaMgha 'zvetapaTasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha 5. sampradAyoM ke nAmakaraNa ke AdhAra : liMga, devatA evaM tattva 6. svasaMgha ke lie 'zvetapaTasaMgha' nAma pracArita 7. kevala digambarasaMgha kA 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma zvetAmbaroM ko bhI mAnya 133 145 146 149 150 For Personal & Private Use Only

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159 [bAraha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 8. kalpita sacelAcelasaMgha kI 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se prasiddhi ayuktiyukta 151 - upasaMhAra 152 - tRtIya adhyAya zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA prathama prakaraNa-acelatva ke digambaramAnya svarUpa kA varNana 1. zvetAmbarasAhitya meM acelaparamparA kI smRtiyoM ke avazeSa 155 2. sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke digambaramudrA se mokSa hone kA kathana 156 3. ekavastrasahita pravrajyA kI kathA vastutaH celopasarga 157 4. tIrthaMkaroM ke sarvathA acela hone kA kathana 5. Adi-antima tIrthaMkaroM dvArA acelakadharma kA upadeza 160 6. AcArAMgAdi meM acela kA artha alpacela nahIM .162 7. AcArAMga-sthAnAMga meM acelatva kI zreSThatA kA varNana 8. AcArAMgAnusAra dravyaparigraha bhI parigraha 167 9. parISahajaya evaM tapa ke lie pUrNa nirvastratA kI anuzaMsA 10. digambaratva utsargamArga, sAmbaratva apavAdamArga 169 dvitIya prakaraNa-uttaravartI sAhitya meM digambarIya siddhAntoM kA khaNDana 171 1. parigraha kI paramparAgata paribhASA kA khaNDana 171 2. jinakalpa kA nAma dekara acelatva ke viccheda kI ghossnnaa| 173 3. sacela ke lie 'acelaka' zabda kA vyavahAra prasiddha batalAne kA prayAsa 174 3.1. mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM sacelakadharma kA astitva nahIM 3.2. viparItArtha-prarUpaNa dvArA mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM sacelakadharma kI siddhi kA prayAsa 3.3. 'acela' zabda kA azAstraprasiddha-alokaprasiddha arthaprarUpaNa 178 nirasana 165 168 174 174 180 For Personal & Private Use Only

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181 182 antastattva [teraha] 3.4. Agama meM 'acelaka' zabda se 'acelaka' artha hI abhISTa 180 3.5. prAkRta-saMskRta-bhASA-asammata vacana Aptavacana nahIM 180 3.6. sacela kI 'acela' saMjJA guNAzrita nhiiN| 181 3.7. 'acelatva' sacela sAdhu kA asAdhAraNadharma nahIM 3.8. viparItArtha aura ayathArtha zabda kA prayoga niSprayojana 3.9. sacela ke lie acela-zabda-vyavahAra zaMkA-vimoha-janaka 182 3.10. sAdhuoM ke lie mahAmUlya-vastradhAraNa kA upadeza asaMbhava 182 3.11. 'nagna' vizeSaNa ke 'sarvathA nirvastra' aura 'alpavastrayukta', do artha asaMbhava 3.12. sarvasaGkaratva-doSa kI utpatti 3.13. svamata ko tIrthaMkaropadiSTa siddha karane hetu 'acelaka' zabda kA viparItArtha-prarUpaNa 4. loka meM bhI sacela ke lie 'nagna' zabda kA vyavahAra aprasiddha - donoM dRSTAnta aprAmANika 187 4.1. rUDhArtha dvArA mUlamukhyArtha kA nirasana 190 4.2. nAgnyaparISaha ke ayuktiyukta hone kA prasaMga 192 5. maladhArI hemacandrasUri ke mata kI ayuktimattA - upacarita 'nagna' zabda 'daridrAdi' artha kA pratipAdaka 192 5.1. upacAra kA artha 5.2. upacAra ke niyama 194 5.3. upacarita zabda kA mukhyArtha 'asatya', ata eva agrAhya / 5.4. upacarita zabda se upacarita artha grAhya 5.5. 'nagna' zabda ke mukhya aura upacarita artha 197 5.6. dvividha nagnatva ke AgamapramANa upalabdha nahIM 198 5.7. lokarUr3hi evaM upacAra parasparaviruddha 6. acelatva ke saMyamAdighAtaka hone kA udghoSa 201 7. vastrAdi ke saMyamasAdhaka hone kA pratipAdana 202 8. tIrthaMkara isake apavAda 204 9. tIrthaMkaroM kI barAbarI karane kA niSedha 204 192 193 195 195 199 For Personal & Private Use Only

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205 207 208 12 219 224 226 [caudaha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 10. saMyamasAdhanabhUta vastrAdi ke mU hetutva kA niSedha 11. kaSAyAdi ke hetu hote hue bhI vastrAdi ke granthatva kA niSedha 206 12. svarNa aura yuvatI ke granthatva kA niSedha 13. parISahajaya ke Agamaprasiddha artha kA apalApa 14. 'yathAjAtarUpa' kA hAsyAspada arthaprarUpaNa 210 tRtIya prakaraNa-vastrAdi saMyama ke sAdhaka nahIM, ghAtaka 1. vastrAdigrahaNa dehasukhasAdhanArtha 212 2. saMyamadhyAnAdi kI siddhi parISahajaya se 217 3. vastrAdigrahaNa iSTarAga-aniSTadveSa kA phala 4. vastrapAtrAdi-parigraha mUrchA kA phala 5. parISaha-pIr3AnivAraka vastuoM kA upabhoga 'mUrchA' kA lakSaNa 6. vastrapAtrAdi kA saMga mUrchA kA hetu 7. vastrapAtrAdisaMga bhaya-kaSAyAdi kA hetu 8. vastraparibhoga nirjarAvirodhI 9. mokSabAdhaka hone se hI tIrthaMkaroM dvArA vastratyAga 227 10. sAdhAraNa puruSoM ke lie bhI vastrapAtrAdi mokSa meM bAdhaka - karmasiddhAnta pakSapAtarahita 11. laukika vaidya aura AdhyAtmika vaidya meM samAnatA nahIM 232 12. savastramukti saMbhava hone para nirvastratA kevala kleza kA kAraNa 233 caturtha adhyAya jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA prathama prakaraNa-vaidikasAhitya evaM saMskRtasAhitya meM digambarajaina muni 1. Rgveda meM vAtarazana muni, vRSabha, ziznadeva 2. atharvaveda evaM brAhmaNagranthoM meM yati aura vrAtya 3. taittirIyAraNyaka meM vAtarazana zramaNa 4. nighaNTu (800 I. pU.) meM zramaNa, digambara, vAtavasana 5. mahAbhArata (500-100 I. pU.) meM nagna kSapaNaka 6. cANakyazataka (400 I. pU.) meM nagnakSapaNaka 229 229 239 240 248 249 250 251 257 For Personal & Private Use Only

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antastatva 277 [pandraha] 7. paMcatantra (300 I.) meM nagnaka, kSapaNaka, digambara, dharmavRddhi 258 8. bhAsakRta 'avimAraka' (300 I.) meM vastravihIna zramaNa 260 9. matsyapurANa (300 I.) meM niSkaccha, nirgrantha, nagna 261 10. viSNupurANa (300-400 I.) meM nAbhi, merudevI, RSabha, bharata, nagna, digambara, barhipicchadhara, anekAntavAda 262 10.1. bhagavAn RSabhadeva prathama manu svAyaMbhuva ke pA~caveM vaMzaja 262 10.2. digambarajainadharma viSNupurANakAra ke samaya se atiprAcIna 266 11. mudrArAkSasa nATaka (400-500 I.) meM kSapaNaka, bIbhatsadarzana .. 269 12. vAyupurANa (500 I.) meM nagna, nirgrantha / 270 13. varAhamihira-bRhatsaMhitA (490 I.) meM nagna, digvAsas , nirgrantha 271 14. uttarabhArata meM 'jaina' nAma se digambara hI sarvAdhika prasiddha 272 15. bhAgavatapurANa (600 I.) meM vAtarazana zramaNa, gagana-paridhAna 273 16. RSabhadeva kA vaidikadhArA para prabhAva 275 17. jAbAlopaniSad meM digambarajaina-munidharmavat pAramahaMsyadharma 18. yoga ke Adyapravartaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva 19. kAdambarI-harSacarita (7 vIM zatI I.) meM kSapaNaka, Aheta, nagnATaka, mayUrapicchadhArI 20. bhartRhari-vairAgyazataka (700 I.) meM pANipAtra-digambara 21. (vaidika) padmamahApurANa meM nirgrantha, kSapaNa 22. kUrmapurANa (700 I.) meM nirgrantha 287 23. brahmANDapurANa meM nagna, nirgrantha 290 24. liGgapurANa meM nagna RSabha .. 25. nyAyakusumAJjali (984 I.) meM nirAvaraNa, digambara 26. nyAyamaJjarI (1000 I.) meM digambara 292 27. prabodhacandrodaya (1065 I.) meM vimuktavasana, kSapaNaka, digambara 28. 'kSapaNaka' kA artha zvetAmbara-jinakalpI muni nahIM 29. zvetAmbarasAdhu 'zvetapaTa' yA 'sitAmbara' nAma se prasiddha 297 - zivamahApurANa meM zvetAmbara sAdhu 297 30. 'kSapaNaka' zabda yApanIyasAdhu kA bhI vAcaka nahIM 300 31. digambarajaina muni aura AjIvika sAdhu meM bheda 281 282 283 283 290 292 293 295 301 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ solaha ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 304 308 309 310 310 311 313 314 315 315 317 317 318 319 319 324 325 328 330 334 337 338 340 342 345 346 349 351 352 353 32. AjIvikoM kA itihAsa 33. AjIvika sAdhu kI bhI 'kSapaNaka' saMjJA saMbhava nahIM 34. 'nirgrantha' zabda kevala digambarajaina sAdhuoM ke lie prasiddha dvitIya prakaraNa - bauddhasAhitya meM digambarajaina muni 1. prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kA ullekha 1.1. aMguttaranikAya meM nirgranthoM kI nagnatA kA dyotana 1.2. 'apadAna' grantha meM zvetavastra muniyoM kA ullekha 2. buddhakAlIna chaha anyatIrthikoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra 3. ajAtazatru ke eka maMtrI dvArA nigaNThanATaputra kI prazaMsA 4. buddhetara chaha tIrthikoM meM nirgrantha ke AcAra kA nirUpaNa 5. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI 'nirgrantha' saMjJA kyoM ? 6. anyatIrthikavat nagna rahane kA niSedha 7. nagnatA evaM kuzacIrAdi- dhAraNa karane kA niSedha 8. 'ekazATaka' sampradAya nirgranthasampradAya se bhinna 'udAnapAli' kA pramANa 9. nirgranthoM ke lie bhI 'acelaka' zabda kA prayoga 10. nirgranthaputra saccaka dvArA varNita AjIvikoM kA AcAra 11. acela kAzyapa dvArA varNita AjIvikoM kA AcAra 12. nirgranthasampradAya ke zrAvaka kI bhI 'nirgrantha' saMjJA - cullakAliMga - jAtaka 13. 'odAtavasana' kA artha zvetavastradhArI 14. 'divyAvadAna' meM nirgrantha- zramaNa kA nagnarUpa 15. dhammapada - aTThakathA meM nirgrantha kA nagnarUpa 16. nirgrantha meM avAstavika AcaraNa kA citraNa 17. bauddhasAhitya meM vastradhArI nirgranthoM kA ullekha nahIM 17.1. kuNDalakesittherIvatthu 17. 2. muni zrI nagarAja jI ke bhrama kA kAraNa 18. AryazUrakRta 'jAtakamAlA' meM nirgranthazramaNa kA nagnarUpa 19. 'divyAvadAna' ke racanAkAla meM yApanIyoM kA udaya nahIM 20. nirNItArtha For Personal & Private Use Only

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antastattva paMcama adhyAya purAtattva meM digambara- paramparA ke pramANa prathama prakaraNa - zvetAmbara - paramparA meM nagna jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa asaMbhava 1. zubhaprabhAmaNDala se tIrthaMkaroM kA nagnatva adRzya 2. prAcIna zvetAmbara - jinapratimAe~ guhyAMga - racanA - rahita 3. zvetAmbaramatAnusAra nagna jinapratimA jinabimba nahIM 4. muni kalyANavijaya jI : mathurA kI prAcIna jina pratimAe~ anagna 5. mathurA kI prAcIna jinapratimAe~ nagna hI haiM 6. ve zvetAmbaraparamparA kI pratimAe~ nahI haiM 7. garbhaparivartana kI ghaTanA kA utkIrNana DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina kA lekha : mathurA kI naigameza mUrtiyA~ aura kRSNajanma 8. kucha jinapratimAoM kA sambandha ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya se 9. chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva zvetAmbarasaMgha meM anagna - acela jinapratimA kI pUjA 9. 1. chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva bhI sabhI saMghoM ke mandira alaga-alaga the 9. 2. parasparavirodhI mAnyatAvAloM kI eka hI mandira pUjA-upAsanA asaMbhava 9. 3. pUrvakAla meM zvetAmbarasaMgha anagna- acela - jinapratimA kA pUjaka dvitIya prakaraNa - digambara - jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa kA itihAsa 1. mohena-jo-dar3o kI jinapratimAe~ 2. har3appA - jinapratimA har3appA aura jainadharma : zrI TI0 ena0 rAmacandran 3. kaliMga - jinapratimA For Personal & Private Use Only [ satraha ] 359 359 363 368 369 371 371 373 373 377 386 388 392 392 394 394 398 399 405

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410 411 412 - 412 431 432 432 [aThAraha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 4. lohAnIpura-jinapratimA 408 5. kAMsya-jinapratimA 6. mathurA-jinapratimAe~ 7. guptakAlIna jinapratimAe~ 8. bAhubalI kI pratimAe~ tRtIya prakaraNa-zvetAmbara-savastra-jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa kA itihAsa 414 1. IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se 414 2. prAcIna zvetAmbaraparamparA meM mUrtipUjA kA abhAva 416 3. sabhI prAcIna nagna jinapratimAe~ digambarIya 4. nagna-jinapratimA-nirmANa evaM pUjana kA prArambha digambara paramparA dvArA 5. A0 hastImala jI ke mata ke aprAmANika aMza caturtha prakaraNa-abhilekhoM meM nirgranthoM aura mUlasaMgha ke ullekha vistRta sandarbha 437 1. zrI TI0 ena0 rAmacandran ke lekha kA mUlapATha : HARAPPA AND JAINISM 437 2. har3appA-jinapratimA kA citra 3. lohAnIpura-jinapratimA kA citra SaSTha adhyAya digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa prathama prakaraNa-saMghabheda ke sAhityika pramANa 1. yApanIyoM se digambaroM kI utpatti kA mata bhArI chalavAda 2. 'digambara' zabda 'nirgrantha' kA nAmAntara 3. jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt digambara-zvetAmbara-saMghabheda 446 4. dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa se punaH saMghabheda 452 5. 600 I0 ke zilAlekha meM durbhikSa kA ullekha 435 445 445 446 452 For Personal & Private Use Only

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antastattva [unnIsa] 453 453 457 459 461 462 465 470 470 474 480 481 bRhatkathAkoza kA bhadrabAhukathAnaka (I0 931) - ardhaphAlakasaMgha evaM kAmbalatIrtha 7. devasenakRta 'bhAvasaMgraha' (prAkRta) kI bhadrabAhukathA (933-955 I0) 8. ratnanandikRta bhadrabAhucarita (16 vIM zatI I0) 9. visaMgatiyA~ 10. vizvasanIya aMza 11. zvetAmbarasAhitya meM bhadrabAhu-vivAda-kathA dvitIya prakaraNa-DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA antima mata itihAsa-sammata 1. aneka dizAoM meM bhaTakI vicArayAtrA 2. Aja kA digambarasaMgha bhadrabAhu-nIta acela nirgranthasaMgha kA hI pratinidhi tRtIya prakaraNa-zvetAmbarasAhitya kA vikAsa - nirNItArtha saptama adhyAya yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa prathama prakaraNa-yApanIyasaMgha kA svarUpa 1. siddhAnta aura AcAra - acelakatA-sacelakatA donoM ke pakSadhara 2. boTika zivabhUti yApanIyamata kA pravartaka nahIM 3. zvetAmbarasaMgha se yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti 4. uttarabhArata kI sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA kAlpanika 5. digambarasaMgha se yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti nahIM - AcArya hastImala jI ke mata kI asamIcInatA 6. siddhAntaviparIta vezagrahaNa kA prayojana 6.1. zvetAmbara-digambaroM meM saiddhAntika mela karAnA 6.2. saiddhAntika mela kI kalpanA ayuktisaMgata 6.3. lokamAnyatA-rAjamAnyatA kI prApti 485 485 488 488 489 491 492 492 493 494 494 496 For Personal & Private Use Only

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503 503 511 517 517 521 522 524 825 526 [bIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 7. 'yApanIya' nAma zvetAmbarasAhitya se gRhIta 500 8. boTika zivabhUti ke guru zvetAmbara 9. utpattisthAna : dakSiNa bhArata 10. utpattikAla : pA~cavIM zatI I0 kA prathama caraNa dvitIya prakaraNa-khAravela-abhilekha kI samIkSA 1. 'yApajJApaka' kA artha 'yApanIya AcArya' nahIM 2. 'dharmanirvAhaka ' bhI nahIM, apitu dharmopadezaka 3. 'yApajAvakehi' meM caturthI nahIM, tRtIyA 521 4. tRtIyAnta ke lie 'vastrAdidAna' artha saMgata nahIM 5. khAravela kA zvetAmbaratva bhI siddha nahIM 6. zvetAmbara siddha karane kA anya kapaTa-prayAsa 6.1. prathama lekha : rAjA khAravela aura usakA vaMza lekhaka : zrI0 muni kalyANa-vijaya jI 6.2. dvitIya lekha : rAjA khAravela aura usakA vaMza lekhaka : bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI 6.3. uparyukta lekha para sampAdakIya noTa-lekhaka : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, sampAdaka-'anekAnta' 6.4. therAvalI-viSayaka vizeSa sampAdakIya noTa-lekhaka : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, sampAdaka-'anekAnta' 6.5. tRtIya lekha : rAjA khAravela aura himavantatharAvalI lekhaka : muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI 6.6. 'anekAnta' ke sampAdaka ko likhita muni jinavijaya jI kA patra aura himavaMta-therAvalI ke jAlI hone kI sUcanA 6.7. 'anekAnta' meM prakAzanArtha preSita uparyukta patra cakravartI khAravela aura himavanta-therAvalI lekhaka : zrI0 kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla tRtIya prakaraNa-yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrva nAma 'mUlasaMgha' nahIM 555 1. 'mUlasaMgha' nirgranthasaMgha kA nAmAntara 552 554 555 For Personal & Private Use Only

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antastattva 2. muni kalyANavijaya jI evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA mata 3. yApanIyasaMgha 'mUlasaMgha' nahIM : isake pramANa 4. krANUr yA kANUr gaNa mUlasaMgha kA hI gaNa thA 5. nirgranthasaMgha hI mUlasaMgha : DaoN0 sAgaramala jI 6. digambarasaMgha ke hI mUlasaMgha hone kA eka spaSTa pramANa 7. nirgrantha (digambara) saMgha kI prAcInatA kI svIkRti caturtha prakaraNa - yApanIya saMgha kI anya vizeSatAe~ : 1. mandiranirmANa evaM mUrtipratiSThA 2. yApanIyasAhitya 3. zvetAmbarIya aura yApanIya AgamagranthoM meM pAThabheda 4. yApanIya-mAnya AgamoM kI bhASA zaurasenI yApanIyasaMgha kA lopa kyoM huA? 5. paJcama prakaraNa - yApanIyagrantha ke lakSaNa zabdavizeSa-sUcI prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI For Personal & Private Use Only [ ikkIsa ] 556 558 565 569 572 573 574 574 574 576 581 586 588 591 619

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zraddheya bAbA sA0 sva0 zrI ratanalAla jI pATanI (mesarsa Ara0 ke0 mArbala grupa, madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha) digambara jaina samAja ke nararatna, bAlabrahmacarya ke sAtha zatAdhikavarSajIvI, dezavratI bAbAsAhaba zrI ratanalAla jI pATanI evaM unake parivArajanoM ne dhArmika evaM sAmAjika sevAoM ke kSetra meM utkRSTa kIrtimAna sthApita kie haiN| ye tIrthakSetroM ke nirmANa evaM jIrNoddhAra, yAtrInivAsa, pAThazAlA, aspatAla Adi ke nirmANa tathA sAhityaprakAzana meM paryApta Arthika sahayoga pradAna karane meM sadaiva agraNI rahe haiN| isa atimahattvapUrNa grantha ke prakAzana kA puNyArjana bhI inhIM ke yazasvI parivAra ke udAramanA zrI azokakumAra jI pATanI ne kiyA hai| etadartha unheM aneka saadhuvaad| prakAzaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya jainadharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ne pUrNa aparigraha ke pratIkabhUta ekamAtra acelaliMga (nagnamudrA) se jIva ke mukta hone kA upadeza diyA thaa| ataH RSabhAdi tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anuyAyI zramaNa-saMgha bhI kevala acelaliMgadhArI thaa| isa kAraNa nirgranthasaMgha kahalAtA thaa| kintu antima anubaddha kevalI zrI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa (vIranirvANa saM0 62 = IsApUrva 465) ke pazcAt hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anuyAyI nirgranthasaMgha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| zItAdi-parISahoM kI pIr3A sahane meM asamartha kucha nirgrantha sAdhuoM ne digambaraveza chor3akara vastra, pAtra, kambala Adi grahaNa kara liye aura yaha mAnyatA pracalita kI, ki manuSya ko kevala sacelaliMga se mukti prApta ho sakatI hai, acelaliMga mukti meM bAdhaka hai| sacelamukti kI mAnyatA ke tarka se ukta sAdhuoM ne strImukti, paratIrthikamukti aura gRhasthamukti kI mAnyatA kA bhI poSaNa kiyaa| apanI sacelamukti kI mAnyatA ko lokaprasiddha karane ke lie isa sAdhuvarga ne svayaM ko zvetapaTasaMgha yA zvetAmbarasaMgha nAma se prasiddha kiyaa| IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI mUla nirgranthasaMgha kA punaH vibhAjana huaa| isa bAra 12 varSa ke akAla ke kAraNa AhAraprApti meM honevAlI kaThinAiyoM ke phalasvarUpa nirgrantha (nagna) sAdhuoM kA eka varga ardhaphAlaka (vastra kA AdhA Tukar3A) dhAraNa karane lagA, jisase vaha ardhaphAlakasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| ardhaphAlaka sAdhu rahate to nagna the, kintu apane bAyeM hAtha para sAmane kI ora AdhA vastra laTakAkara guhyAMga ko chipAte the| bhikSA ke lie ve pAtra bhI rakhate the| Age calakara yaha saMgha zvetAmbarasaMgha meM vilIna ho gyaa| IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke prAraMbha meM zvetAmbara-zramaNasaMgha se yApanIyasaMgha kA AvirbhAva huaa| yaha digambaroM ke samAna acelaliMga aura zvetAmbaroM ke samAna sacelaliMga, donoM se mukti mAnatA thaa| tathApi isakI AsthA zvetAmbara-AgamoM evaM zvetAmbarIya mAnyatAoM meM hI thii| ataH yaha zvetAmbaroM ke samAna strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti, kevalikavalAhAra, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke garbhaparivartana Adi bAtoM meM vizvAsa karatA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[caubIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 isa saMgha kI acela aura sacela, donoM liMgoM se mukti kI mAnyatA bar3I ayuktisaMgata thii| jaba vastradhAraNa karate hue mukti ho sakatI hai, taba mokSa ke lie nagna rahakara zItAdi-parISahoM kA anAvazyaka kaSTa bhogane kA kyA aucitya ? logoM ke isa prazna kA samAdhAna yApanIyamata meM nahIM thaa| isalie yaha mata adhika dinoM taka jIvita nahIM raha sakA aura apane janma ke eka hajAra varSa bAda hI arthAt 1500 I0 meM kAlakavalita ho gyaa| ____kAlAntara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI nirgranthasaMgha se kASThAsaMgha, drAvir3asaMgha, mAthurasaMgha Adi saMghoM kI utpatti huii| ina saMghoM ke sAdhu yadyapi ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI the, tathApi inhoMne apane siddhAntoM meM kucha aisA parivartana kara liyA ki inheM jainAbhAsa ghoSita kara diyA gyaa| zvetAmbara AcAryoM, muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne AraMbha se hI yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zvetAmbaramata (savastratIrtha) kA hI upadeza diyA hai, digambaramata kA nhiiN| digambaramata chadmastha-praNIta hai| prAcIna zvetAmbarAcAryoM kA kathana hai ki boTika zivabhUti nAmaka eka sAdhAraNa puruSa ne vIranirvANa saM0 609 (I0 san 82) meM digambaramata calAyA thaa| Adhunika zvetAmbara muni evaM vidvAn mAnate haiM ki digambaramata kI nIMva AcArya kundakunda ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM DAlI thii| ve kundakunda ko bhI prAcIna AcArya na mAnakara vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM utpanna batalAte haiN| zvetAmbara AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki cUMki digambaramata chadmasthapraNIta hai, isalie unake zAstra bhI chadmasthoM ke dvArA hI race gaye haiM aura unakI racanA zvetAmbara-zAstroM ko dekhakara kI gayI hai| isakA sabUta ve yaha dete haiM ki digambaragranthoM meM zvetAmbaragranthoM kI aneka gAthAe~ jyoM kI tyoM milatI haiN| digambarAcAryoM dvArA racita kasAyapAhuDa, tattvArthasUtra aura sanmatisUtra ko to unhoMne zvetAmbaragrantha hI ghoSita kara diyA hai| idhara digambara vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne apane grantha 'jainasAhitya aura itihAsa' meM digambara-paramparA ke grantha bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, usakI vijayodayA TIkA, mUlAcAra, aura tattvArthasUtra ko yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha mAnA hai aura digambaraviduSI DaoN0 zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne bhI 'yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya' nAmaka grantha meM premI jI kA anusaraNa karate hue inheM yApanIyagrantha batalAyA hai| inake sAtha unhoMne sanmatisUtra, harivaMzapurANa tathA bRhatkathAkoza, ina digambaragranthoM ko bhI yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| ina donoM se preraNA aura mArgadarzana prApta kara Adhunika zvetAmbara For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya [ paccIsa ] vidvAn DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' nAmaka eka bar3A grantha likhA, jisameM unhoMne uparyukta granthoM meM se tattvArthasUtra aura sanmatisUtra ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca granthoM ko tathA apanI ora se kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi 11 naye digambaragranthoM ko unameM jor3akara kula solaha granthoM ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura sanmatisUtra ko unhoMne usa svakalpita uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA kA grantha batalAyA hai, jo unakI kalpanAnusAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA praNIta thI tathA zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI mAtRparamparA thii| isa prakAra digambarajainaparamparA ko unhoMne sAhitya kI dRSTi se atyanta daridra ThaharAne kI bhI ceSTA kI hai| ina granthoM ko par3hakara digambara jaina santoM evaM vidvAnoM ke hRdaya vyathita ho gaye / DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ke grantha ne to isa vyathA ko carama sImA para pahu~cA diyA, kyoMki unhoMne to digambaraparamparA ke atyanta mahattvapUrNa sAhitya ke eka bahuta bar3e aMza ko sarvathA kapolakalpita hetuoM evaM chalavAda ke dvArA yApanIyaparamparA kA sAhitya siddha karane kA kuprayAsa kiyA hai| digambarajainadharma ke itihAsa aura sAhitya ke sAtha yojanAbaddha Dha~ga se kI gayI isa dhokhAdhar3I ne isa yuga ke digambarajaina dharma evaM saMskRti ke sAtizaya prabhAvaka, zrutArAdhaka evaM zrutAbhyAsI digambarajainAcArya paramapUjya 108 zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke hRdaya ko anirvacanIya pIr3A se bhara diyaa| unake vyAkula netra eka aise svAdhyAyazIla yogya vidvAn kI AturatA se khoja meM laga gaye, jo digambara jainadharma ke itihAsa aura sAhitya ke sAtha kI gayI isa dhokhAdhar3I ko sarvamAnya, akhaNDya pramANoM aura yuktiyoM ke prakAza se beparadA kara sake, jagajAhira kara de, jisase yaha satya prakaTa ho jAya ki digambara jainamata tIrthaMkaropadiSTa hai, ataeva utanA hI prAcIna hai, jitanI tIrthaMkaraparamparA tathA jina digambaragranthoM ko zvetAmbaragrantha yA yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, ve digambaragrantha hI haiM, yApanIyagrantha yA zvetAmbaragrantha nhiiN| paryApta khoja-bIna ke pazcAt pa0 pU0 AcAryazrI ne pro0 ( DaoN0) ratanacandra jI jaina, bhopAla ko isa kArya ke lie yogya samajhakara unheM granthalekhana kI preraNA dii| idhara digambara jaina vidvAnoM kI pratinidhi saMsthA akhila bhAratavarSIya digambarajainazAstripariSad ne bhI isa Azaya kA prastAva pArita kiyA aura pro0 ratanacandra jI bhopAla se ukta uddezya ko pUrA karanevAlA graMtha likhane kA Agraha kiyA / aise graMtha kA lekhana dharmaprabhAvanA kA kitanA mahAn kArya hai, yaha prophesara sAhaba svayaM bhI anubhava kara rahe the| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[chabbIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 digambarajainasAhitya ke mahAn graMthoM ko hetvAbhAsoM evaM chalavAda ke dvArA yApanIyagrantha ghoSita kara dArzanika kSetra meM mithyA pracAra karane aura digambarajainadharma kA avarNavAda karane ko kauna dharmazraddhAla sahana kara sakatA hai? prAcIna digambara jaina AcAryoM ko managaDhaMta hetuoM ke dvArA arvAcIna ghoSita karanA aura digambarajainadharma ko AcArya kuMdakuMda ke dvArA vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM pravartita batAnA ityAdi bAteM kisI bhI digambarajaina ke hRdaya ko bhArI AghAta pahu~cAye binA nahIM raha sktiiN| uparyukta mithyAvAdoM evaM unake poSaka mithyA hetaoM (hetvAbhAsoM) kA sayuktika, sapramANa nirasana pro0 ratanacandra jI ne isa grantha meM kiyA hai| lekhaka ne adamya utsAha evaM prakRSTa-dharmazraddhA-pUrvaka dasa varSa ke lambe samaya taka niraMtara athaka parizrama isa pustaka ke lekhana meM kiyA hai| unhoMne digambarajaina-paramparA kI atiprAcInatA siddha karane ke lie digambarajaina, zvetAmbarajaina. vaidika. bauddha aura saMskata sAhitya ke 285 se adhika graMthoM. aneka zilAlekhoM evaM patra-patrikAoM kA gahana anuzIlana kara prabhUta akATya pramANoM kA anveSaNa kiyA hai| grantha ke lagabhaga 2600 pRSThoM ke lekhana, aneka aMzoM ke punarlekhana, naye tathyoM ke saMyojana aura anAvazyaka kathyoM ke viyojana ke atirikta kampyUTarIkRta pRSThoM ke bahuzaH lipisaMzodhana meM unake dvArA paryApta zrama kiyA gayA hai| pro0 ratanacandra jI ne itihAsa, karmasiddhAnta, AcArazAstra, nyAyazAstra evaM darzanazAstra ke samudroM meM gahare gote lagAkara satya ke ratna khoja nikAle haiM, tabhI digambarajaina dharma ke itihAsa aura sAhitya ke sAtha kI gayI dhokhAdhar3I kA pardAphAza karane meM atyanta saphala hue haiN| isa mahAn zrama va samaya-sAdhya kaThina kArya kI pUrNatA digambara-jainAcArya pU0 vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja evaM aneka munivaroM ke zubhAzIrvAda tathA dharmazraddhAlu zrAvakoM aura vidvajjanoM kI zubhakAmanAoM se hI saMbhava huI hai| jisa prakAra prasavoparAMta suMdaraputrotpatti hone para mAtA kA prasavapIDAjanya kaSTa putrajanma kI mahatI prasannatA se dabakara vismRta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra prophesara ratanacandra jI ke bhI granthalekhanajanita kaSTa ko grantha kI pUrNatA se utpanna hue pAramArthika sukha ne bhulA diyA hai| vastutaH prophesara sAhaba ne pratipakSiyoM dvArA prasUta aneka kapola-kalpanAauM kI kapolakalpitatA kA aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para sayuktika udghATana kara mUla digambara, nigraMtha dharma kI tIrthaMkaropadiSTatA evaM paramaprAcInatA sthApita karate hue tathA SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa Adi 18 granthoM ko digambarAcArya-racita siddha karate hue mahatI dharmaprabhAvanA kA kArya kiyA hai| pro0 ratanacandra jI ne itihAsa, sAhitya evaM purAtattva ke prAmANika AdhAroM se digambarajainadharma ko atiprAcIna siddha kiyA hai aura zvetAmbara-sampradAya digambarajaina-saMgha se tathA yApanIyasampradAya zvetAmbarasaMgha se TUTakara astitva meM Ae haiM, yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai| unhoMne For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya [ sattAIsa ] sapramANa siddha kiyA hai ki kaSAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI - ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra, sanmatisUtra Adi grantha digambara - AmnAya ke haiM, aura ina graMthoM ke yApanIya athavA zvetAmbara graMtha hone ke pakSa meM die gae tarkoM kA binduvAra pUrNataH nirasana kiyA hai| prophesara ratanacandra jI ko jainasAhitya kI isa advitIya mahAn sevA ke lie sampUrNa deza kA digambarajaina samAja to aneka sAdhuvAda degA hI, sAtha hI dharatI se vartamAna sAdhu samAja kA evaM svarga se svargastha prAcIna prabhAvaka AcArya bhagavantoM kA bhI maMgala AzIrvAda prApta hogA, jo unheM bhaviSya meM bhI jainasAhitya kI aisI hI mUlyavAn sevA karate rahane kI UrjA pradAna karegA / lekhaka ne grantha meM viSaya kA vyApaka prastutIkaraNa kara digambarajainasAhitya meM grantha ko amara banA diyA hai aura vaise hI isa mahattvapUrNa grantha ne isake yazasvI lekhaka ko bhI amara banA diyA hai| anAdinidhana, yuktiyukta, sarvodayI, lokakalyANakArI digambarajaina dharma evaM darzana kA jaina kahalAnevAle apanoM ke hI dvArA kie gae evaM kie jA rahe ayuktisaMgata avarNavAda ko dekhakara jinakA zraddhAlu komalahRdaya usake ahitakara pariNAmoM kA anumAna kara kA~pa gayA aura jo una mithyA avarNavAdoM ke saTIka nirasana ke lie eka utkRSTa prAmANika grantha ke udbhava kA sapanA dekha rahe the, una pa0 pU0 AcArya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ko Aja apane sapane ko sAkAra dekhakara jo prasannatA ho rahI hogI vaha anirvacanIya hai| sva0 paM0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA ke zabdoM meM pU0 AcAryazrI pAyI jAnevAlI digambarajainazAsana kI prabhAvanA kI vyagratApUrNa utsukatA unameM sAtizaya prabhAvaka pUrvAcArya svAmI samantabhadra evaM svAmI akalaMkadeva kI chavi ke darzana karAtI hai| unhIM vItarAgI saMta ke zubhAzIrvAda se jainasAhitya kI sevA ke lie janmI saMsthA zrI 'sarvodaya jaina vidyApITha' isa mahAn grantha ke prakAzana kA saubhAgya prApta kara atyadhika harSa kA anubhava kara rahI hai| AzA hai jainAjaina sudhI pAThakagaNa grantha meM varNita aitihAsika evaM saiddhAntika tathyoM ke AdhAra para digambarajainadharma ke prAcIna va prAmANika svarUpa aura usake lokakalyANakArI samIcIna pakSa kA paricaya prApta kara apanI dhAraNAoM ko samyak banAyeMge tathA saMtuSTa hoMge / luhAr3iyA sadana, jayapura roDa madanagaMja- kizanagar3ha, (ajamera) rAjasthAna mUlacanda luhADiyA nidezaka : sarvodaya jaina vidyApITha For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA granthalekhana kA nimitta aura preraNAsrota kabhI-kabhI aisI apratyAzita, anabhimata ghaTanAe~ ghaTa jAtI haiM, jo na cAhate hue bhI manuSya ko zubha kArya meM lagA detI haiN| mere mitra evaM agrajatulya, suprasiddha zvetAmbara vidvAn tathA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI ke bhUtapUrva nidezaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina dvArA jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya grantha kA likhA jAnA aisI hI eka ghaTanA hai, jisane mujhe akasmAt digambara, zvetAmbara, yApanIya, vaidika (hindU), bauddha evaM saMskRta sAhitya tathA zilAlekhoM aura purAtattva ke gahana anuzIlana meM lagA diyA aura merI lekhanI se itane zabda paMktibaddha karA diye, jinhoMne prastuta grantha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| prAcIna zvetAmbarAcArya yaha siddha karane kA prayatna karate rahe haiM ki "savastramukti, strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA virodhI digambara-jaina-AmnAya bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA praNIta nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne to yaha upadeza diyA thA ki acela aura sacela donoM liMga mukti ke mArga haiM tathA strI ko bhI mokSa ke yogya batalAyA thA aura yaha bhI kahA thA ki kevalI bhagavAn sAdhAraNa manuSyoM kI taraha kavalAhAra karate haiN| kintu vIranirvANa saMvat 609 (I0 san 82) meM boTika zivabhUti nAmaka zvetAmbara sAdhu ne apane guru AryakRSNa se vidroha kara sacelamukti, strImukti evaM kevali-kavalAhAra kA niSedha karanevAlA digambarajainamata calA diyaa|" yaha to prAcIna zvetAmbarAcAryoM kI kRpA thI ki unhoMne digambarajainamata ko kama se kama itanA prAcIna mAna liyA, use aura arvAcIna ghoSita nahIM kiyA, kintu bIsavIM zatAbdI I0 ke vikhyAta zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne san 1941 I0 meM likhita zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra nAmaka grantha meM apane prAcIna AcAryoM ke uparyukta mata ko. amAnya karate hue yaha sthApita karane kI ceSTA kI hai, ki digambarajainamata kA pracalana vikrama kI chaThI zatI (pA~cavIM sadI I0) meM dakSiNabhArata ke vidvAn kundakunda ne kiyA thaa| unake isa mata ko prAyaH sabhI zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne apanA liyaa| Azcarya to yaha hai ki digambarajaina vidvAn pro0 (DaoN0) hIrAlAla jI jaina ne bhI yaha mAnyatA svIkAra kara lii| kintu unhoMne AcArya kundakunda kA sthitikAla For Personal & Private Use Only

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[tIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI na mAnakara vIranirvANa se lagabhaga 650 varSa pazcAt (I0 san 123) anumAnita kiyA hai| suprasiddha digambarajaina vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma jI 'premI' ne IsavI san 1939 meM anekAnta mAsika meM lekha likhakara eka naI bAta sAmane rakhI ki digambara jainoM dvArA mAnya prasiddha grantha bhagavatI-ArAdhanA tathA usakI vijayodayA TIkA digambarAcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ nahIM haiM, apitu unakI racanA yApanIya-sampradAya ke AcAryoM dvArA kI gaI hai| tatpazcAt jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa (san 1956) meM unhoMne mUlAcAra aura tattvArthasUtra ko bhI yApanIyagrantha ghoSita kara diyaa| yApanIyasampradAya jainoM kA hI eka sampradAya thA, jisake sAdhu digambarajaina sAdhuoM ke hI samAna nagna rahate the, mayUrapicchI rakhate the aura pANitalabhojI the, kintu unakI prAyaH sabhI mAnyatAe~ zvetAmbaroM ke samAna thiiN| ve mAnate the ki vastradhAraNa karane para bhI mukti ho sakatI hai, strI bhI strIzarIra se mokSa prApta kara sakatI hai tathA kevalI bhagavAn bhI manuSyoM ke samAna kavalAhAra grahaNa karate haiN| ve zvetAmbaroM ke samAna anyaliMga (anyaveza) evaM gRhiliMga (gRhasthaveza) se bhI mukti svIkAra karate the| premI jI ne bhagavatI-ArAdhanA Adi ukta granthoM meM yApanIyamata ke ina siddhAntoM kA ullekha honA batalAyA hai| premI jI dvArA bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ko yApanIya grantha ghoSita kiye jAne se muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ko eka naI udbhAvanA karane kA avasara prApta huaa| unhoMne yaha udbhAvita kiyA ki boTika zivabhUti ne jisa acelamArga kA pravartana kiyA thA, vaha vastutaH yApanIyamata thA aura bhagavatI-ArAdhanA isI mata kA mUla (prathama) grantha hai| unhoMne yaha kathA bhI gar3hI ki isa mata ke dakSiNa meM paha~cane para dakSiNa bhAratIya kundakunda bhI isa mata ke anuyAyI bane, kintu kucha samaya bAda hI ve isase alaga ho gaye aura unhoMne sarvathA (nirapavAda) acelamArgI digambarasampradAya kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne apanA yaha mata bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke hI AdhAra para pramANita karane kI ceSTA kI hai| premI jI se hI preraNA prApta kara digambara jaina viduSI zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ne yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya nAmaka grantha likhA, jisameM unhoMne uparyukta granthoM 1. dekhie , san 1944 meM hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI meM sampanna akhilabhAratavarSIya prAcya sammelana ke 12 veM adhivezana meM paThita pro0 (DaoN0) hIrAlAla jI jaina kA zodhapatra 'kyA digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM ke zAsanoM meM koI maulika bheda hai?' ('digambara jaina siddhAnta darpaNa'/ aMza 1/ pRSTha 23/ prakAzaka-digambara jaina paMcAyata bambaI/sampAdaka-paM0 rAmaprasAda jI shaastrii)| 2. dekhie , 'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra'/ pRSTha 296 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [ikatIsa] ke atirikta sanmatisUtra, harivaMzapurANa tathA bRhatkathAkoza, ina tIna digambaragranthoM ko bhI yApanIyasampradAya ke khAte meM DAla diyaa| jaba isa grantha para zvetAmbara vidvAn mAnanIya DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kI najara par3I, taba isane unheM aura bhI aneka digambaragranthoM ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane ke lie utkaNThita kara diyaa| phalasvarUpa unhoMne gahana bauddhika vyAyAma kara jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya nAmaka bRhad grantha kA praNayana kiyA aura usameM digambarajaina-paramparA ko AcArya kundakunda dvArA vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM pravartita siddha karane kA AnuvaMzika dharma nibhAte hue solaha digambaragranthoM ko yApanIyagrantha ghoSita kara diyA, jo isa prakAra haiM-kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, usakI vijayodayATIkA, mUlAcAra, kasAyapAhuDacUrNisUtra, tiloyapaNNattI, padmapurANa, varAMgacarita, harivaMzapurANa, svayaMbhUkRta paumacariu, bRhatkathAkoza, bRhatprabhAcandrakRta tattvArthasUtra, chedazAstra, piNDachedazAstra evaM prtikrmnnsuutr| isake atirikta mAnya vidvAn ne tattvArthasUtra ko zvetAmbaragrantha na batalAte hae bhI uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA meM racita kahakara tattvArthAdhigamabhASya-gata mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para vastrapAtradhArI-sampradAya kA grantha siddha karane kA upakrama kiyA hai| isI prakAra sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena ko bhI isI paramparA kA AcArya batalAyA hai| kasAyapAhuDa Adi 16 digambaragranthoM ko yApanIya-AcAryoM dvArA racita siddha karane ke lie lekhaka ne jina hetuoM kA avalambana kiyA hai, unameM se aneka kA to astitva hI nahIM hai aura aneka hetu 'hetu' jaise dikhate haiM, kintu hetu nahIM haiM, apitu hetvAbhAsa haiN| ataH jaba lekhaka kI ukta kRti digambara jaina munivaroM aura vidvajjanoM kI dRSTi meM AyI, taba usakA adhyayana kara unake hRdaya gahana pIr3A se kSubdha ho gye| unakI antarAtmA ne kahA ki isa grantha meM ur3ele gaye mithyAvAda ke mithyAtva kA udghATana kiyA jAnA caahie| anyathA yathArtha se anabhijJa adhyetA isa mithyAvAda ko hI yathArtha samajha leMge aura samajhate raheMge, phalasvarUpa isakI hI puSTi kareMge, jaisA ki kucha navIna granthoM aura patrikAoM meM dekhA jA rahA hai| aisA hone denA jinazAsana ke avarNavAda kA anumodana hogaa| aparaJca, dharma kA nAza, satkriyAoM kA vidhvaMsa tathA samIcIna siddhAnta kA lopa hone para mauna rahanA satyamahAvrata evaM satyANuvrata kA ullaMghana hai| ina aniSToM kA pratIkAra muni aura zrAvaka donoM kA dharma hai| isa bhAvanA se prerita hokara digambara jaina jagat ke vartamAna mUrdhanya AcArya paramapUjya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ne, jo ukta grantha ko par3hakara atyanta vyathita the, mujhe eka grantha likhane ke lie prerita kiyA, jisameM ukta grantha ke mithyAvAda ko sapramANa anAvRta kara satya ke darzana karAye jaayeN| sarAkoddhAraka pUjya upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne bhI mujhe isa kArya ke lie protsAhita kiyaa| 2 jUna 1998 ko meraTha For Personal & Private Use Only

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[battIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 (u0 pra0) meM pUjya upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya evaM prAcArya paM0 narendraprakAza jI kI adhyakSatA meM akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina zAstripariSad kA 74 vA~ adhivezana sampanna huaa| usameM zAstripariSad ne eka prastAva (kramAMka 3) pArita kara majhase uparyakta uddezya ko parNa karanevAlA grantha likhane kA Agraha kiyaa| mere mana meM bhI ukta grantha kA prativAda likhane kI icchA macalA karatI thii| ataH maiMne paramapUjya AcArya vidyAsAgara jI evaM pUjya upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI ke AdezoM evaM zAstripariSad ke Agraha ko saharSa zirodhArya kara liyaa| isa viSaya meM vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki merA mana paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke prati sudIrghakAla se asIma zraddhA aura bhakti se abhibhUta hai| isalie unakI icchA aura preraNA ne mana ko isa prakAra chuA ki granthalekhana kI icchA ne lauhasaMkalpa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| sandarbhagranthoM kI upalabdhi kA atizaya kArya atyanta kaThina thA, kyoMki ise sampanna karane ke lie vistRta, gahana evaM sUkSma adhyayana-cintana-manana kI AvazyakatA thii| na kevala digambara, zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sAhitya kA vyApaka adhyayana apekSita thA, apitu vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya tathA abhilekhoM evaM purAtattva kA anuzIlana bhI jarUrI thaa| kyoMki yaha kArya na to kinhIM dArzanika tattvoM ke svarUpa, lakSaNa, paribhASAoM yA bhedopabhedoM ke varNana se sambaddha thA, na kisI itihAsa yA carita ke lekhana se aura na kisI grantha kI samIkSA yA vividha darzanoM ke tulanAtmaka anuzIlana se, apitu yaha kArya satya ko jhuThalAnevAle mithyA hetuoM ko mithyA siddha karane ke lie akhaNDya pramANoM aura yuktiyoM kI khoja se sambaddha thA, jo uparyukta vibhinna sAhityoM, abhilekhoM evaM purAtattva ke vistRta-gahana-sUkSma adhyayana, abhIkSNa cintana-manana evaM vijJoM ke sAtha parAmarza se hI saMbhava thaa| satya kA apalApa karane ke lie adhika parizrama kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| eka hetvAbhAsa ke dvArA bhI bar3e se bar3e siddhAnta kI satyatA ke viSaya meM sandeha paidA kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu usa sandeha ko dUra karanA, arthAt satya kI satyatA siddha karanA AsAna kAma nahIM hai| isake lie aneka akhaNDya yuktiyoM aura taTastha pramANoM kA prastutIkaraNa Avazyaka hotA hai, taba kahIM usake viSaya meM utpanna kiye gaye sandeha kA unmUlana saMbhava hotA hai| mahAsatI sItA ke satItva ke viSaya meM eka mAmUlI AdamI ne bar3I AsAnI se sandeha utpanna kara diyA thA, kintu use miTAne ke lie sItA jI ko agniparIkSA jaisA sarvasvIkArya pramANa denA par3A thaa| mujhe sauMpA gayA kArya isI prakRti kA thaa| yApanIyapakSadhara vidvAnoM ne digambaraparamparA ko arvAcIna For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [teMtIsa] tathA digambaragranthoM ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane ke lie jina tathyoM kI satyatA kA apalApa kiyA hai, unakI satyatA siddha karane ke lie jaina-jainetara sAhitya, abhilekhoM tathA purAtattva se sarvasvIkArya, akhaNDya pramANoM evaM yuktiyoM kA anveSaNa karanA hI isa kArya meM apekSita thaa| ataH yaha duSkara thaa| tathApi jinazAsana evaM paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke prati merI asIma bhakti ne mujhe aisA sAhasa pradAna kiyA ki maiM ise sampanna karane ke lie kRtasaMkalpa ho gyaa| maiMne paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ke jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ke yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ke jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ke zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra, AcArya hastImala jI-kRta jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa (bhAga 1, 2, 3 evaM 4), muni zrI nagarAja jI-kRta Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana (khaNDa 1, 2), paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavIvivecita tattvArthasUtra (vivecanasahita), paM0 dalasuqha jI mAlavaNiyA kI nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti kI prastAvanA, muni zrI vijayAnanda-sUrIzvara 'AtmArAma'-kRta, tattvanirNayaprAsAda, muni zrI sAgarAnandasUrIzvara-kRta tattvArthakartR-tanmatanirNaya, upAdhyAya muni zrI AtmArAma jI-kRta tattvArthasUtra-jainAgama-samanvaya ityAdi granthoM evaM pro0 (DaoN0) hIrAlAla jI jaina ke vibhinna lekhoM, paM0 dalasukha jI mAlavaNiyA ke lekha 'kyA boTika digambara haiM?' (jaina vidyA ke AyAma : granthAGka 2), pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI ke lekha 'The Date of Kundakundacarya' (Aspects of Jainology, Vol. III) tathA DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra ke lekha 'SaTprAbhRta ke racanAkAra aura usakA racanAkAla' (zramaNa / akTUbara-disambara 1997) kA gahana evaM sUkSma adhyayana kiyA aura unakA pratyuttara likhane hetu Avazyaka sAhitya juTAne ke prayatna meM laga gyaa| aura ise jinazAsana tathA paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke AzIrvAda kA hI camatkAra kahanA cAhie ki mujhe Avazyaka sAhitya apratyAzitarUpa se yathAzIghra milatA gyaa| milane kA prasaMga atirocaka hai| jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya grantha kA adhyayana karate samaya maiMne dekhA ki usameM SaTkhaNDAgama ko, mAnuSiyoM meM saMyataguNasthAna ke pratipAdaka satprarUpaNAsUtra kra. 93 ke AdhAra para, strImuktisamarthaka yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| 'mAnuSiyoM meM saMyataguNasthAna-pratipAdaka saMjada (saMyata) zabda mUlataH ukta sUtra meM hai yA nahIM, kahIM vaha lipikAra kI bhUla se to ullikhita nahIM ho gayA hai?'- isa viSaya para Aja se lagabhaga 64 varSa pUrva (san 1943-44 meM) digambarajaina vidvAnoM ke bIca gambhIra zAstrArtha huA thaa| usake bAda bhI yaha viSaya kaI varSoM taka jaina patra-patrikAoM meM carcA kA viSaya banA rhaa| isakI dhuMdhalI smRti mere mastiSka meM vidyamAna thii| eka dina maiM jainajagat ke suprasiddha vidvAn evaM svataMtratAsenAnI mAnanIya For Personal & Private Use Only

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[cauMtIsa] - jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 paM0 vaMzIdhara jI vyAkaraNAcArya, bInA (ma.pra.) ke abhinandanagrantha (sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandanagrantha) kA avalokana kara rahA thaa| usameM paNDita jI ke eka purAne lekha 'SaTkhaNDAgama meM 'saMjada' pada para vimarza' para merI dRSTi gyii| maiM use turanta par3hane lgaa| usameM suvikhyAta jaina vidvAn pro0 (DaoN0) hIrAlAla jI jaina ke eka vivAdAspada zodha-Alekha 'kyA digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM ke zAsanoM meM koI maulika bheda hai?' kA ullekha kiyA gayA thA, jisameM prophesara sA0 ne yaha pratipAdita kiyA thA ki zvetAmbara-AgamoM ke samAna digambara-AmnAya ke prAcIna granthoM meM bhI savastramukti, strImukti aura kevalibhukti mAnya thiiN| isa Alekha para digambarajaina vidvAnoM meM tIkhI pratikriyA huI thI aura lambe samaya taka usake pakSavipakSa meM vAda-vivAda calatA rahA thaa| ukta Alekha ke virodha meM vidvAnoM ne jo mata prakaTa kiye the, unakA saMgraha digambara jaina siddhAnta darpaNa nAma se tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita huA thaa| ye tInoM bhAga vyAkaraNAcArya jI ke pAsa bheje gaye the, aisA unake ukta lekha meM ullekha thaa| yaha par3ha kara mere mana meM AzA kI jyoti jgii| mana ne kahA ukta tIna saMgrahoM meM avazya hI mere prayojana kI sAmagrI tathA sAmagrI ko upalabdha karAnevAle sUtra hastagata ho sakate haiN| mana ko yaha vizvAsa bhI huA ki ye tInoM saMgraha abhI bhI vyAkaraNAcArya jI ke pustakAlaya meM maujUda ho sakate haiN| vyAkaraNAcArya jI ke parivAra se maiM suparicita thaa| unake jyeSTha suputra zrI vibhavakumAra jI koThiyA aba ghara ke mukhiyA haiN| unhIM ke sAtha vyAkaraNAcArya jI ke bhatIje suprasiddha jaina vidvAn nyAyAcArya DaoN0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA bhI rahate the| maiM turanta bInA daur3A gayA aura mAnanIya nyAyAcArya jI evaM zrI vibhavakumAra jI ko apanA prayojana batalAte hue vyAkaraNAcArya jI ke pustakAlaya se kucha Avazyaka grantha DhU~r3hane aura unheM sAtha le jAne kI anumati maaNgii| donoM mahAnubhAvoM ne saharSa anumati de dii| maiM unake pustakAlaya meM jAkara chAnabIna karane lgaa| cAra-pA~ca pustakeM uThAne ke bAda maiM harSa se uchala pdd'aa| jina digambara jaina siddhAnta darpaNa nAmaka tIna granthoM ko maiM cAhatA thA, ve vahA~ eka sAtha maujUda the| maiMne unheM uThA liyA aura panne palaTakara utsukatA se dekhane lgaa| jyoM-jyoM panne palaTatA jAtA thA, merA harSa saMyama khotA jAtA thaa| jo sAmagrI mujhe Avazyaka thI, usameM se bahuta sI unameM upalabdha thii| unameM digambarajaina, zvetAmbarajaina, vaidika (hindU) evaM bauddha sAhitya ke una sandarmoM kA ullekha thA, jinase digambaraparamparA para prakAza par3atA hai aura pro0 (DaoN0) hIrAlAla jI jaina ne SaTkhaNDAgama meM jo savastramukti, strImukti evaM kevalibhukti kA vidhAna batalAyA hai, vaha mithyA siddha hotA hai| unheM maiMne samhAla kara rakha liyA aura punaH ekaeka grantha uThAkara dekhane lgaa| dekhate-dekhate mujhe anya aneka upayogI grantha bhI prApta For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [paiMtIsa] hue, jinameM siddhAntasamIkSA ke tIna bhAga evaM anekAnta mAsika ke aneka purAne aMka pramukha the| siddhAntasamIkSA meM vedavaiSamya ko lekara pro0 (DaoN0) hIrAlAla jI evaM siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra jI zAstrI Adi vidvAnoM ke bIca hue vAdoM kA saMgraha hai| tathA 'anekAnta' ke aMkoM meM bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM para zodhAtmaka lekha tathA yApanIyasampradAya ke viSaya meM vizeSa jJAtavya upalabdha haiN| Avazyaka mahattvapUrNa grantha mila jAne se maiM bahuta prasanna thA aura paM0 vaMzIdhara jI vyAkaraNAcArya kI zrutabhakti evaM unake suputra vibhavakumAra jI kI pitRbhakti dekhakara gadgada thaa| vyAkaraNAcArya jI ne choTe se choTe grantha ko bhI jIvanaparyanta kitanA saheja kara rakhA aura unake putra ne pitA ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt unheM idhara se udhara nahIM hone diyA, apitu pitA ke samAna hI vinayapUrvaka samhAla kara rakhA, yaha zrutabhakti aura pitRbhakti kA apUrva udAharaNa hai| ukta granthoM ke binA prastuta grantha kA likhA jAnA nitAnta duSkara hotaa| inakI upalabdhi se mere sAdhya kI siddhi kA mArga prazasta huaa| isa kAraNa maiM AdaraNIya vyAkaraNAcArya jI evaM unake suputra zrI vibhavakumAra jI tathA DaoN0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA ke prati apanI asIma kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huuN| upalabdha sAhitya kA adhyayana kara sarvaprathama maiMne una zvetAmbarIya granthoM kI sUcI banAI, jinameM digambaraparamparA kI prAcInatA siddha karanevAle aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM strImukti Adi ke vidhAna kI mAnyatA ko mithyA sAbita karanevAle ullekha vidyamAna haiN| saubhAgya se maiM vArANasI ke prasiddha zvetAmbara-zodha-saMsthAna pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM nirmita ho rahe jaina vizvakoza ke sampAdakamaNDala kA sadasya thaa| isa prasaMga meM mujhe zIghra vArANasI jAne kA avasara prApta huaa| vahA~ maiMne dasa dina rahakara zvetAmbarasAhitya se uparyukta sandarbha DhU~r3he aura unakI chAyA-pratilipi karavAkara le aayaa| kucha samaya bAda punaH vahA~ jAne kA avasara AyA aura punaH kucha naye sandarbha DhU~Dhakara unakI chAyA-pratilipi hastagata kii| isa prakAra donoM bAra ke prayAsa meM kama se kama eka hajAra pRSThoM kA saMgraha mere pAsa ho gyaa| vismayotpAdaka rocaka saMyoga yahA~ eka mahattvapUrNa vismayotpAdaka, rocaka saMyoga kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai| uparyukta 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' grantha ke lekhaka mAnanIya DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina mere agrajatulya evaM acche mitra haiN| san 1972 meM jaba maiM rIvA (ma.pra.) se sthAnAntarita hokara zAsakIya hamIdiyA snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, bhopAla ke saMskRta vibhAga meM AyA, taba DaoNkTara sAgaramala jI vahA~ darzanavibhAga ke adhyakSa the| unhoMne For Personal & Private Use Only

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[chattIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 sAdharmI bandhu ke nAte samucita vAtsalyabhAva darzAyA aura merI aneka prakAra se sahAyatA kii| zIghra hI hama acche mitra bana gye| ve mujhase Ayu meM jyeSTha haiM, ataH maiM unakA agrajavat sammAna karane lgaa| unake sAtha meM kaI bAra akhila bhAratIya prAcya sammelanoM aura anya vidvatsaMgoSThiyoM meM gayA aura hama loga eka hI kamare meM sAtha-sAtha tthhre| unhoMne pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhi ke lie mere zodhaprabandha kI rUparekhA banavAI aura yathocita mArgadarzana kiyaa| upAdhi upalabdha ho jAne para merA zodhaprabandha 'jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana' bhI unhoMne pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI se prakAzita karAyA aura apane pradhAna-sampAdakatva meM nirmita honevAle jainavizvakoza ke eka vibhAga kA sampAdaka bhI mujhe niyukta kraayaa| daivayoga se unake ukta vivAdAspada grantha 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' ko lekara unhIM se asahamati vyakta karane aura usameM pratipAdita matoM ko ayuktimat aura aprAmANika siddha karane kA maukA upasthita ho gyaa| yaha Azcaryajanaka aura rocaka bAta thii| DaoNkTara sA0 ke sAtha merI ghaniSThatA se mere sAthI bhI avagata the| ataH jaba unheM patA calA ki DaoNkTara sA0 dvArA likhita grantha ke prativAda kA kArya mujhe sauMpA gayA hai, taba unheM bar3A Azcarya huaa| unake mana zaMkA se grasta ho gaye ki DaoNkTara sA0 ke sAtha itanI ghaniSThatA hone ke kAraNa maiM unake digambaratva-virodhI pratipAdanoM kA dRr3hatA aura sAhasa se prativAda nahIM kara paauuNgaa| mitratA bhaMga hone ke bhaya se Dara-Dara kara laMja-paMja bhASA aura dabe-dabe svara meM hI kucha pratikala bAteM karane kI himmata kara skuuNgaa| ataH unhoMne pracAra zurU kara diyA ki ukta grantha ke prativAda kA kArya upayukta vyakti ko nahIM sauMpA gyaa| phalasvarUpa mujhe aneka vyaktiyoM ke samakSa saphAI denI par3I ki hamArI maitrI kisI svArtha para nahIM, apitu satyapriyatA ke samAnazIla para Azrita hai| ataH maiM satya kA hI udghATana karU~gA, aura yadi kara sakA, to DaoNkTara sA0 bhI usakA abhinandana kareMge, isakA mujhe pUrNa vizvAsa hai| isase hamArI maitrI puSTa hI hogI. kSINa nhiiN| jaba mAnya DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ko yaha bAta jJAta huI ki mujhe unake grantha ke prativAda kA kArya sauMpA gayA hai, taba unheM koI Azcarya nahIM huA, balki prasannatA huii| vastutaH unhoMne eka bAra mujhase kahA bhI thA ki "maiM cAhatA hU~ ki koI digambara vidvAn unake grantha kA pratyuttara likhe|" ataH unhoMne mujhe pratyuttaralekhana kA kArya sauMpe jAne kA svAgata kiyA aura jaba maiMne pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM aura bhI kaI Avazyaka granthoM ke avalokana kI icchA prakaTa kI, taba unhoMne mujhe usakI vizeSa suvidhAe~ upalabdha kraayiiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [saiMtIsa] AbhAra DaoN0 sAgaramala jI-kRta 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya', 'guNasthAnasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa' aura 'jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA' grantha tathA unake abhinandanagrantha (DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha) meM saMkalita unake lekha par3hakara mujhe itihAsa, purAtattva aura siddhAnta-sambandhI aneka jAnakAriyA~ prApta huI haiN| zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambarajaina-paramparA kI utpatti ke viSaya meM prAcIna aura arvAcIna mAnyatAe~ kyA haiM, 'acela', 'nirgrantha', 'nAgnya' Adi zabdoM kI kyA-kyA vyAkhyAe~ kI gaI haiM, digambarAcAryakRta granthoM ko zvetAmbara athavA yApanIyaH AcAryoM dvArA racita mAnane ke zvetAmbaramAnya AdhAra (hetu) kyA haiM, ityAdi bAtoM kA bodha ukta granthoM ke anuzIlana se huA hai| tathA ina bAtoM kI yuktimattA aura prAmANikatA ke parIkSaNa ke lie mujhe digambarajaina, zvetAmbarajaina, vaidika (hindU) aura bauddha sampradAyoM ke vipula sAhitya, purAtattvaviSayaka grantha evaM abhilekhoM ko par3hane kA avasara milA hai| isake atirikta unakA uparyukta vivAdAspada grantha mere lie vizva ke paramayazasvI, bahuzruta, vItarAga, nirgranthamuni, paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke pracura vizvAsa, vAtsalya, AzIrvAda evaM sAnnidhya kI prApti meM nimitta banA hai tathA prastuta grantha ko likhakara maiM digambarajaina-paramparA ke itihAsa evaM sAhitya ke viSaya meM mAnya zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne jo bhrAntiyA~ utpanna kI haiM, unakA sapramANa-sayuktika nirAkaraNa karane kA prayatna kara sakA huuN| etadartha maiM mAnanIya DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA AbhArI huuN| pUjya muni zrI samayasAgara jI, pUjya muni zrI yogasAgara jI evaM pUjya muni zrI kSamAsAgara jI ko jaba yaha jJAta huA ki maiM paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kI preraNA se prastuta grantha likha rahA hU~ , taba ve bahuta prasanna hue aura grantha kI atyanta AvazyakatA batalAte hue unhoMne merI saphalatA ke lie AzISa pradAna kiyaa| pUjya muni zrI sudhAsAgara jI ne bhI jayapura-pravAsa (janavarI, 2000 I0) ke samaya isa kArya kI siddhi hetu mujhe pracura AzIrvAda diyA aura Azvasta kiyA ki mujhe granthalekhana hetu jina granthoM kI AvazyakatA ho, unheM batalAU~, ve turanta mere pAsa bhijavA deNge| aura unhoMne mere nivedana para harivaMzapurANa aura jayadhavalATIkA-sahita kasAyapAhuDa ke pA~ca bhAga mere pAsa zIghra bhijavA diye| bhojapura-cAturmAsa (san 1999 I0) ke avasara para pUjya muni zrI pramANasAgara jI ne apane AzIrvAda ke sAtha mujhe bhagavatIArAdhanA kI vijayodayATIkA bhI upalabdha karAyI, jo atyanta Avazyaka thI aura durlabha thii| unase aneka jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna bhI maiM samaya-samaya para prApta karatA rhaa| unhoMne kuNDalapura meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI evaM muni zrI abhayasAgara jI ke sAtha prastuta grantha ke kucha adhyAya bhI sune aura sarAhe haiN| unakI parArtadhyAnahAriNI, For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ ar3atIsa ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 vAtsalyamayI, mRdu prakRti ne mujhe bahuta sambala pradAna kiyA hai| isa hetu maiM ina sabhI guruoM ke prati apanI kRtajJatA evaM bhakti nivedita karatA hU~ / aura pUjya muni zrI abhayasAgara jI ke viSaya meM kyA kahU~ ! ve to eka cetanavizvavidyAlaya haiN| jaina - jainatara dharma, darzana, sAhitya, itihAsa, purAtattva, zilpa, sabhI se unakA gahana paricaya hai / kisa viSaya para kaunasA grantha, kisane likhA hai, kaba, kauna vyakti use upalabdha karA sakatA hai, isakI sArI jAnakArI unheM hotI hai| zodhapravidhi ke ve marmajJa haiN| svayaM adhyayanarata rahate haiM aura dUsaroM ke adhyayana aura zodha kA mArga prazasta karate haiN| ve anusandhitsuoM ko zodhaviSaya bhI sujhAte haiM aura zodhanirdezakoM kA paricaya bhI dete haiM, sAtha hI zodhaviSaya se sambandhita durlabha se durlabha grantha jahA~ se bhI saMbhava hotA hai, ma~gAkara upalabdha karAte haiN| ve svabhAva se mRdu aura paropakArI haiN| mere kArya meM unhoMne anirvacanIya sAhAyya kiyA hai| mujhe digambarajaina, zvetAmbarajaina, vaidika aura bauddha matoM ke aise granthoM kI AvazyakatA thI, jo bAjAra meM anupalabdha the, ve kisI vyakti ke pAsa yA pustakAlaya meM hI prApta ho sakate the, kintu mujhe usa vyakti yA pustakAlaya kA patA lagAnA sambhava nahIM thA / yadi patA laga bhI jAtA, to use prApta karanA duSkara thA, kyoMki vRddhAvasthA, madhumehagrasta deha aura samayAbhAva ke kAraNa bhopAla se bAhara kI yAtrA karanA tathA vahA~ jAkara ThaharanA, bhojana Adi kI anukUla vyavasthA banAnA mere lie Ter3hI khIra thii| phira vahA~ jAne para pustaka kA svAmI chAyApratilipi karAne taka kI avadhi ke lie bhI pustaka dene ke lie rAjI ho jAya, isakI gAraNTI nahIM thii| eka-do paricitoM ke pAsa kisI pustaka ke hone kI saMbhAvanA dikhI, to unheM patra likhA, kintu unakA patrottara pAne yogya mere puNya kA udaya nahIM huA / san 2000 ke akTUbara mAsa meM, jaba maiM AcAryazrI ko prastuta grantha ke AraMbhika adhyAya sunAne ke lie sarvodayatIrtha amarakaMTaka ( zahaDola, ma.pra.) gayA, taba pUjya abhayasAgara jI mahArAja ke pAsa kucha aise grantha dikhAI diye, jinakI mujhe talAza thii| maiM unheM lalacAI najaroM se dekhane lagA / munizrI mere manobhAva ko tAr3a gaye / unhoMne turanta kahA - " yadi Apako inakI jarUrata ho to le jaaiye|" andhA kyA cAhe ? do aaNkheN| maiMne turanta hAtha pasAra diye aura munizrI ne ve grantha mere hAthoM para rakhate hue kahA - " Apako aura bhI jina granthoM kI AvazyakatA ho, usakI sUcI mujhe de diijie| " mujhe jina granthoM kI usa samaya AvazyakatA thI, unake nAma likhakara de die| kucha samaya bAda ve grantha mere ghara pahu~ca gye| phira pharavarI 2001 meM kuNDalapura ke aitihAsika paMcakalyANaka evaM gajaratha mahotsava meM pahu~cane para munizrI ne digambara - zvetAmbara - sAhitya se bhare hue do kArTUna mere kamare para pahu~cavA diye, jo likhe jA rahe grantha ke lie For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [unatAlIsa] bahuta upayogI the| usake bAda maiM samaya-samaya para durlabha granthoM ke nAma munizrI ke pAsa bhejatA rahA aura ve bhArata kA konA-konA chanavAkara zvetAmbara aura bauddha pustakAlayoM se durlabha granthoM kI chAyApratilipi karavAkara aura unakI jilda ba~dhavAkara mere pAsa bhijavAte rhe| munizrI svayaM bhI mere grantha ke viSaya se sambandhita naye-naye grantha kI talAza karate-rahate the aura use ma~gAkara mere pAsa bhijavA dete the| aura ise AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke AzIrvAda kA camatkAra hI kahanA cAhie ki jisa samaya, jisa adhyAya kA lekhana cala rahA hotA thA, usa samaya usake lie atyanta Avazyaka grantha mere pAsa acAnaka pahu~ca jAtA thaa| pUjya muni zrI abhayasAgara jI ne jina durlabha zvetAmbaragranthoM kI chAyApratilipiyA~ bhagIratha-prayatna se upalabdha kara mere pAsa bhijavAIM, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM'tattvanirNayaprAsAda', 'paTTAvalIparAga,' 'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra,' 'tattvArthakartRtanmatanirNaya,' 'tattvArthasUtra-jainAgama-samanvaya,' tattvArthAdhigamasUtra para siddhasenagaNI evaM haribhadrasUri kI TIkAe~, digambaragranthoM meM 'bRhatkathAkoza,' 'tattvArthasUtra ke bIjoM kI khoja', 'darzanasAra', 'mahAvIra kA acelaka dharma', 'svAmI samantabhadra' Adi kI chAyApratilipiyA~ tathA 'purAtanajainavAkya-sUcI' (mUlarUpa meM), prasiddha zvetAmbarakoza 'abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa' ke sAta bhAga, zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI-kRta 'jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa' ke cAra bhAga, muni zrI nagarAja jI-kRta 'Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana' ke tIna khaNDa tathA 'dhammapada-aTThakathA,' 'divyAvadAna' Adi bauddhgrnth| ina granthoM se ve pramANa upalabdha hue haiM, jinase digambarajaina-paramparA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai tathA bhagavatIArAdhanA, tattvArthasUtra Adi digambaragranthoM kA yApanIya yA zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha honA asiddha hotA hai| ina pramANoM ke abhAva meM prastuta grantha meM vaha prAmANikatA na A pAtI, jo A gayI hai| pUjya munizrI ne amarakaMTaka, kuNDalapura, jabalapura, vidizA, bhopAla tathA nemAvara meM paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke sAtha cAra-cAra ghaMTe baiThakara kaI dinoM taka prastuta grantha kI pANDulipi kA zravaNa aura anumodana kiyA hai| anekatra apane mahattvapUrNa sujhAvoM se grantha ke doSoM kA nivAraNa aura guNoM kA AropaNa kara grantha ko sa~vArA aura nikhArA hai| AvaraNa ke mukhapRSTha kI rUparekhA ke nirmANa meM bhI Apane apanA bahumUlya yogadAna kiyA hai| isa mahAn upakAra ke lie maiM pUjya muni zrI abhayasAgara jI ke prati apanI hArdika kRtajJatA aura bhakti kI abhivyakti karatA huuN| pUjanIyA AryikA zrI anantamati jI, AryikA zrI Adarzamati jI evaM AryikA zrI pUrNamati jI evaM unake saMgha kI samasta AryikA mAtAoM kA bhI AzIrvAda grantha kI nirvighna pUrNatA hetu mujhe prApta huA hai| unake prati sAdara vandanA nivedita karatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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[cAlIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 huuN| AdaraNIya bra. bAbA zAntilAla jI, mAnanIya paM0 mUlacandra jI luhAr3iyA tathA paM0 ratanalAla jI bainAr3A ne bhI AcAryazrI ke sAnnidhya meM kuNDalapura meM mere grantha ke kucha aMza sune haiM aura sarAhanA kara merA utsAhavardhana kiyA hai, jisase maiM isa kaThina kArya ko dattacitta hokara pUrNa karane meM saphala huA huuN| maiM ina sabakA AbhArI huuN| akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina zAstripariSad ke tatkAlIna adhyakSa AdaraNIya prAcArya paM0 narendraprakAza jI jaina grantha ke zIghra-parisamApana hetu mujhe nirantara prerita karate rahe haiN| zAstripariSad ke tatkAlIna mahAmantrI DaoN jayakumAra jI jaina ne sahayoga kA vacana dekara mujhe Azvasta kiyaa| mere nivedana para DaoN. jayakumAra jI ne kolakAtAvAsI zrI zAntilAla jI bAkalIvAla ke dvArA SaTkhaNDAgama ke sabhI bhAga mujhe upalabdha karAye tathA zAstripariSad ke tatkAlIna kAryAdhyakSa DaoN0 zreyAMsakumAra jI jaina ne mere granthalekhana ke mArga ko yathAzakti prazasta karane kA AzvAsana pradAna kara mujhe nizcinta kiyaa| isake lie maiM ina mitroM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| aura prAkRta-apabhraMza ke suprasiddha mUrdhanya vidvAn pro0 (DaoN0) rAjArAma jI jaina ne to di0 30/8/2001 ko ArA (bihAra) se patra likhakara nimnalikhita zabdoM ke rasAyana dvArA mere utsAha kA anirvacanIya poSaNa kiyA hai"mere priya bhAI, usa dina bhopAla meM yadi Apase na milatA, to zAyada maiM bar3I bhArI bhUla krtaa| vastutaH Apake yahA~ Akara hI maiMne ApakI karmaTha, ekAnta sAdhanA ko dekhaa| eka bIhar3a viSaya ke caileMja ko svIkAra kara usakA sArthaka evaM saTIka uttara dene ke lie apanI sAdhanA hetu guphAgRha meM nivAsa karanevAle vidvAnoM kI maiM pUjA karatA huuN| ApakI sAdhanA kI samagratA tathA ekAgratA ke nirmANa meM ApakI zAntasvabhAvI bhAmatI-svarUpA dharmapatnI evaM putra-putravadhU aura bAlagopAloM kA yogadAna bhI kama nahIM hai| mujhe pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki ApakA Project work tIvragati se agrasara ho rahA hai| use zIghra hI likhakara prakAzita kraaiye| Apake lie apabhraMza bhASA kI prAcInatAsambandhI sAmagrI zIghra hI preSita kruuNgaa| sAdara namra rAjArAma jaina" aura mAnya prophesara sA0 ne ukta sAmagrI bhI zIghra preSita kara dI, jo kundakundasAhitya kI prAcInatA para praznacihna lagAnevAloM ko uttara dene meM atyanta sahAyaka huI hai| maiM apane agrajatulya prophesara sA0 kA atyanta kRtajJa huuN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [ikatAlIsa] grantha upalabdha karAne meM buksa varlDa, bhopAla (ma.pra.) ke svAmI bhAI zrI anekAnta jaina kA yogadAna bhI atyanta sarAhanIya rahA hai| ve isa bAta se prasanna the ki maiM AcAryazrI kI AjJA se eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha likha rahA huuN| ataH unhoMne svayaM hI Agraha kiyA ki mujhe sandarbha hetu jina granthoM kI AvazyakatA ho, maiM ni:saMkoca kahU~ , ve ma~gavAkara deNge| aura mere batalAne para unhoMne vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya ke aneka grantha bAhara se bulavAkara mere pAsa bhijavA diye, jinameM 'mahAbhArata' ke sabhI bhAga, lagabhaga sabhI hindU purANa, azoka ke zilAlekha, 'pAli-hindI-zabdakoza', 'pAiasadda-mahaNNavo', 'sara ema0 moniyara viliyamsa kI saMskRta-iMgliza DikzanarI' Adi mahattvapUrNa haiN| anekAnta jI ke isa sahayoga ke binA bhI prastuta grantha kA prAmANika bananA asambhava thaa| ataH maiM unakA bhI AbhArI huuN| mere mitra zrIyuta zrIpAla jI 'divA' jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA se sambandhita mere kAryoM meM sadA sahayoga karate rahate haiN| unhoMne grantha kA mahattva samajhakara isake zIghra praNayana ke liye hArdika zubhakAmanAoM aura bAhya vyavasthAoM ke dvArA merA mArga suvidhAmaya banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| unake prati bhI AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| __prAcIna jaina pANDulipiyoM aura granthoM ke saMgraha-saMrakSaNa meM saMlagna 'anekAnta jJAnamandira bInA, ma.pra.' ke adhiSThAtA brahmacArI sandIpa jI, bra0 rAkeza jI bhAgyodayatIrtha sAgara, DaoN0 bhAgacandra jI 'bhAgendu' damoha, DaoN0 bhAgacandra jI 'bhAskara' nAgapura, DaoN0 zItalacandra jI jayapura, DaoN0 phUlacandra jI 'premI' vArANasI, DaoN0 aruNakumAra jI zAstrI byAvara, DaoN. narendrakumAra jI gAjiyAbAda (u.pra.), DaoN. vijayakumAra jI (sampAdaka'zrutasaMvardhinI') lakhanaU, DaoN0 kapUracandra jI khataulI, mAnanIya zrI azoka jI pATanI kizanagar3ha, zrI mahAvIraprasAda jI mAcisavAle dillI evaM DaoN0 zrImatI aparNA cAnodiyA bhopAla ne bhI vibhinna granthoM kI prApti meM sahayoga dekara mere mArga ko prazasta kiyA hai| vibhinna sajjanoM se grantha hastagata kara mujha taka pahu~cAne meM zrI nikuMjabhAI saMghavI ahamadAbAda, zrI abhinandana sA~dhelIya pATana (ma.pra.), seTha rAjendrakumAra jI jaina vidizA, zrI jayakumAra 'nizAnta' TIkamagar3ha (ma.pra.), zrI kamaleza jaina 'bhAIjAna', zrI satIzakumAra jaina 'netA' evaM zrI kamaleza 'kakkA ' jabalapura, zrI anilakumAra jaina nAgapura (mahArASTra) tathA DaoN0 jinendrakumAra jI jaina sAgara ne bhI vizeSa sahayoga kiyA hai| etadartha maiM ina saba sahayogiyoM kA RNI huuN| bhopAlavAsI bra0 zrI zAntilAla jI jaina evaM suzrI DaoN. nizA jaina ne mere grantha ke kampyUTara-mudrita adhyAyoM ko grISmakAla (2006 I0) meM gunA (ma.pra.) meM tathA cAturmAsa (2006 I0) meM Arona (ma.pra.) meM sthita pUjya muni zrI abhayasAgara jI ke pAsa avalokanArtha le jAne evaM vApasa lAne tathA munizrI ke Avazyaka parAmarza For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ bayAlIsa ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 mujha taka pahu~cAne kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| isa hetu ina donoM hitaiSiyoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karatA hU~ / pa0 pU0 AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kI preraNA se saMsthApita pratibhAmaNDala kI muMbaI - vAsinI, brahmacAriNI bahana tejala ne mere Agraha para eka zvetAmbarakathA gujarAtI se hindI meM anuvAdita kara upalabdha karAyI, jo atyanta Avazyaka thI / maiM unakA bhI hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ / granthalekhana ke pazcAt Avazyaka thA isakA guNa-doSAvalokana / merA koI pratipAdana digambarajaina- siddhAnta ke viruddha to nahIM hai, isa para kisI suvijJa kA dRSTipAta atyanta Avazyaka thaa| vartamAna meM aise sarvamAnya suvijJa eka hI haiM - guruvara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jii| ve eka aise guru ke ziSya haiM, jinhoMne paM0 bhUrAmala (zAntikumAra) zAstrI ke rUpa meM syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI meM jainasiddhAnta evaM saMskRta - prAkRta-apabhraMza kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thA aura apanI janmajAta adbhuta kAvyapratibhA se saMskRta meM jayodaya jaise mahAkAvya kI racanA kara saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI prasiddha bRhattrayI (kirAtArjunIya, zizupAlavadha aura naiSadhIyacarita) ko bRhaccatuSTayI saMjJA se vibhUSita karane kA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA hai tathA jinakI kRtiyoM para tIna darjana se bhI adhika zodhakartA pI-eca0 DI0, DI0 liT0 tathA vidyAvAridhi Adi kI upAdhiyA~ prApta kara cuke haiN| aise yazasvI digambarajainAcArya paramapUjya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja se AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ne cAroM anuyogoM evaM saMskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza kI vidhivat zikSA prApta kara svakIya cintana-manana dvArA jinAgama kI gaharAiyoM meM cira avagAhana kiyA hai| unhoMne bhI saMskRta aura hindI meM kaI zatakoM evaM mUkamATI jaise utkRSTa mahAkAvya kI sRSTi kI hai| unakI kRtiyA~ bhI tIna darjana se adhika zodhakarttAoM ko pI-eca0 DI0 evaM DI0 liT0 ityAdi upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita karAne kA sAdhana bana cukI haiN| AcAryazrI kA adhyayana pANDityapradhAna nahIM, apitu gaveSaNAtmaka hai| eka zodhArthI kI sUkSmadRSTi se ve svAdhyAya karate haiM aura Agama ke anAvRta, anunmIlita tathyoM ko prakAzita karate haiN| unakI pravacanazailI isa tathya kA anubhava karAtI hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ne vartamAna yuga meM munipada ko jo anirvacanIya pUjyatA, zraddhAspadatA aura prAmANikatA pradAna kI hai, usakI carcA eka adbhuta kathA kI taraha bhAratIya itihAsa meM yugoM taka hotI rahegI / bAla, yuvA, vRddha sabhI ko unake abhUtapUrva vyaktitva ne sammohita kiyA hai| aise suvijJa, sarvapriya aura sarvapUjya guruvara se hI maiMne prastuta grantha ke guNadoSAvalokana kI prArthanA kI aura guruvara ne bhI vAtsalyabhAvapUrvaka svIkRti pradAna kara dii| mere For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [teMtAlIsa] harSa kA pArAvAra na rhaa| maiM lagabhaga 700 pRSTha lekara akTUbara 2000 meM cAturmAsa ke samaya sarvodayatIrtha, amarakaMTaka (ma.pra.) pahu~ca gyaa| vahA~ AcAryazrI ne SaDAvazyakoM ke atirikta anya kArya chor3akara divasakAla meM pratidina, cAra-cAra ghaNTe, pandraha dina taka, ve 700 pRSTha sune aura bahuta prasanna hue| aneka jagaha truTiyA~ bhI batalAIM aura unakA zodhana karAyA, kaI sthAnoM para nayI yuktiyoM aura pramANoM kA samAveza kraayaa| isa prakAra ukta sAta sau pRSTha AcAryazrI dvArA saMzodhita evaM pramANita kara diye gye| taba mere utsAha kA ThikAnA na rhaa| AtmavizvAsa meM vRddhi huI aura ghara Akara Age likhane meM juTa gyaa| phira I0 san 2001 meM kuNDalapura (damoha, ma.pra.) ke aitihAsika paMcakalyaNaka-gajaratha-mahotsava meM gayA aura vahA~ AcAryazrI ne atyadhika vyasta rahate hue bhI sAta dina taka do-do ghaMTe naye adhyAyoM kI vAcanA sunii| tatpazcAt san 2001 meM hI dayodayatIrtha, tilavArAghATa (jabalapura, ma.pra.) ke cAturmAsa meM eka saptAha taka do-do ghaMTe, tathA mArca 2002 meM, do dina vidizA (ma.pra.) meM, pazcAt bhopAla (ma.pra.) meM sAta dina taka, cAra-cAra ghaMTe ekAgratA se grantha ke uttara adhyAyoM kA zravaNa kiyaa| usake bAda julAI 2002 meM siddhodaya tIrtha, nemAvara (ma.pra.) meM bhI kucha pRSTha maiMne AcAryazrI ko sunaaye| kucha uttara adhyAyoM kA zravaNa pUjya AcAryazrI ne apraila 2003 meM punaH kuNDalapura meM kiyaa| zeSa adhyAyoM kI vAcanA navambara 2003 meM amarakaMTaka meM, janavarI 2004 meM bilAsapura (chattIsagar3ha) meM tathA mArca 2004 meM di0 jaina atizaya kSetra, rAmaTeka (nAgapura, mahArASTra) meM sampanna huii| ina sabhI vAcanAoM meM AcAryazrI ne aneka truTiyoM kA parimArjana karAyA aura naye tarka evaM pramANoM se grantha ko susajjita karAkara use sarvathA nirdoSa aura pUrNataH yuktimat evaM prAmANika banA diyaa| ise jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha nAma bhI unhIM ke dvArA pradAna kiyA gayA hai, jo grantha ke viSaya ko bhalI bhA~ti dyotita karatA hai| kaI-kaI dina taka ghaMToM baiThakara ekAgratApUrvaka grantha ko sunane se jo zArIrika aura mAnasika zrAnti hotI thI, usakI AcAryazrI ne koI paravAha nahIM kii| anya darzanArthiyoM ko samaya na de pAne se ve kyA socate hoMge, isa para bhI unhoMne koI dhyAna nahIM diyaa| svayaM ke svAdhyAya aura saMgha ke adhyApana ko bhI kucha samaya ke lie nirasta yA vilambita kara dene kA asantoSa unake mana meM nahIM vyApA, kyoMki unake antas meM bhI yaha lagana thI ki digambara-paramparA ke itihAsa aura sAhitya ke viSaya meM bhrAnti utpanna karane kA jo kuprayAsa kiyA gayA hai, usakA nirAkaraNa zIghra ho| isa prasaMga meM AcAryazrI ke eka anya viziSTa guNa para merA dhyAna gyaa| vaha yaha ki jisa samaya, jisa vyakti ko ve carcA ke lie samaya de dete haiM, usakA ve dRr3hatA se pAlana karate haiN| usa samaya ve kisI anya vyakti ko usameM vikSepa For Personal & Private Use Only

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[cavAlIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kI anumati nahIM dete, cAhe vaha rAjanItika yA sAmAjika dRSTi se kitanA hI prabhAvazAlI kyoM na ho! eka ghaTanA udAharaNIya hai| bhopAla meM AcAryazrI ne mujhe aparAhna meM do se cAra baje taka kA samaya granthavAcanA ke lie diyA thaa| vAcanA cala rahI thii| usa samaya eka kendrIya maMtrImahodayA AcAryazrI ke darzanArtha aayiiN| mandira-kameTI ke adhyakSa ne do bAra bIca meM Akara maMtrImahodayA ko bhItara le Ane kI anumati maaNgii| kintu AcAryazrI ne donoM bAra manA kara diyaa| jaba merA samaya pUrA huA, tabhI unheM bulAne kI anumati dii| isa taraha AcAryazrI ne mere grantha ko bar3I niSThA aura ekAgratA se sunaa| ise maiM apanA ahobhAgya, apane pUrvakRta puNyoM ke udaya kA prakarSa mAnatA hU~ ki isa granthalekhana ke nimitta se mujha jaise nagaNya zrAvaka ko vartamAna yuga ke paramamahimAvAn , paramavItarAgI, digambaramuni, paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kA itanA naikaTya prApta huA, unake caraNoM meM kaI dinoM taka kaI-kaI ghaMTe baiThane aura carcA karane kA durlabha avasara sulabha huA, unakA pragAr3ha vAtsalya, aura AzIrvAda prApta karane kI dIrgha kAlalabdhi mere jIvana meM aayii| yaha merI vartamAna mAnavaparyAya kI durlabhatama upalabdhi hai| isa hetu maiM paramapUjya AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA evaM bhakti se natamastaka huuN| unake prati maiM apanI asIma niSThA evaM kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| jaisA ki maiMne pUrva meM likhA hai, pratyeka vAcanA meM pUjya muni zrI abhayasAgara jI bhI baiThate the tathA kuNDalapura meM pUjya muni zrI pramANasAgara jI ne bhI vAcanA kA zravaNa kiyA thaa| ina donoM guruoM ke parAmarzoM ne bhI grantha ko nirdoSa aura guNavanta banAne meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai| inake atirikta bhopAla meM mujhe pUjya muni zrI namisAgara jI ke samparka meM Ane kA avasara prApta huaa| yuvA hote hue bhI unakA adhyayana aura cintana-manana dekhakara maiM unase bahuta prabhAvita huaa| unhoMne mere grantha ke katipaya aMzoM ko sunA, to unheM eka-do truTiyoM kA anubhava huaa| do-tIna varSoM bAda jaba ve karnATaka meM vihAra kara rahe the, to vahA~ se unhoMne sandeza dvArA una truTiyoM kI ora merA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA, aura pramANa bhijvaaye| pramANoM ko dekhakara majhe apanI traTiyoM kA bodha haA aura maiMne unakA taranta parihAra kiyaa| isa prakAra muni zrI namisAgara jI kI kRpA se bhI mere grantha kI truTiyoM kA parihAra huA hai| etadartha isa munitrayI ke prati maiM apanI bhakti evaM AbhAra kI abhivyakti karatA huuN| jaba grantha likhA jA cukA thA aura lipisaMzodhana cala rahA thA, taba acAnaka DaoN0 ema0 DI0 vasantarAja dvArA likhita pustaka guruparamparA se prApta digambara jaina Agama : For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [ paiMtAlIsa] eka itihAsa hastagata huii| use par3hate samaya merI dRSTi isa bAta para gaI ki unhoMne bhI bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke yApanIyagrantha hone kI mAnyatA ko galata batalAyA hai| isase mere mata kI puSTi hotI hai, ataH maiMne DaoN0 vasantarAja jI ke vacana bhI ukta prakaraNa meM uddhRta kiye haiN| maiM unakA bhI AbhArI huuN| zrI mAilla dhavala ne jinAgama ko jAnane ke lie pramANa aura nayoM ko netrayugala kI upamA dI hai| mere vicAra se prAkRta aura saMskRta bhI jinAgama ke adhigama ke lie netrayugala haiN| maiM dhanya hU~ ki mere pUjya pitA paM0 bAlacandra jI jaina pratiSThAcArya evaM pUjanIyA mAtA amolaprabhA jI jaina ne mujhe ye donoM netra upalabdha karAye haiN| isa hetu unhoMne mujhe ghara meM hI prAthamika zikSA dekara sIdhe pUjya gaNezaprasAda jI varNI dvArA sthApita digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya sAgara (ma.pra.) meM praveza dilAyA, jahA~ mujhe atyanta zreSTha guruoM se prAkRta, saMskRta aura jainadharma kI zikSA prApta huI, aura aisA jIvanadarzana milA, jisane merI pravRtti ko sAhitya-manthana kara satya ke anveSaNa kI ora unmukha kara diyaa| ina saMskRta-prAkRtarUpI netroM ne hI mujhe paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI jaise mahAn santa ke dvArA prastuta grantha-lekhana kA kArya sauMpe jAne yogya banAyA hai, jisase maiM bahuta sammAnita huA huuN| isa ahobhAgya ke yogya banAne meM mere pUjya pitA jI evaM pUjanIyA mAtA jI kI hI puNyaprerita dUradRSTi kA hAtha hai| ataH maiM unake prati apanI apAra kRtajJatA aura bhakti nivedita karatA huuN| merI pUjanIyA bar3I bahanoM-sva0 zrImatI zAnti jaina evaM sva0 zrImatI kaMcana jaina, pUjya bar3e bhAI paM0 komalacandra jI jaina evaM priya anujadvaya zrI zIlacandra tathA zrI zikharacandra ne bhI mere unnatipatha ko prazasta karane kA vibhinna prakAra se yatna kiyA hai| priya anaja zIlacandra ne to anya aneka prakAra se bhI granthalekhana meM sahayo kiyA hai| unhoMne katipaya granthoM se Avazyaka sandarbha DhU~r3hakara prastuta kiye, lipisaMzodhana kiyA, 'antastattva' taiyAra kiyA tathA zabdasUcI bhI nirmita kii| isa taraha mere kAryabhAra ko kAphI halakA kara diyaa| etadartha maiM apane bar3oM ko praNAma karatA hU~ aura choToM ko AzIrvAda detA huuN| merI saralahRdayA, dhairyadhanA, dharmAnurAgiNI, dharmapatnI zrImatI camelIdevI jaina ne isa grantha ke lekhana meM mahAn sahayoga kiyA hai| mere parizrama ko dekhate hue unhoMne mujhe svastha rakhane kA adhika se adhika dhyAna rakhA hai| merI vyastatA kA khyAla kara AhAra-jala, auSadhi Adi ko samaya para grahaNa karAne kA uttaradAyitva unhoMne svayaM sa~bhAlA hai| isake atirikta mere sAtha baiThakara vibhinna granthoM se Avazyaka pATha DhU~r3hakara mujhe batAne kA kArya bhI ve karatI rahI haiN| sampUrNa grantha kI bacI-khucI lipigata For Personal & Private Use Only

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[chiyAlIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 truTiyoM kA anveSaNa bhI unhoMne hI kiyA hai| pustakAlaya aura adhyayanakakSa ko vyavasthita karanA unakA hI dainika kArya hai| isa taraha granthalekhana meM unhoMne merA bahuta hAtha ba~TAyA hai| agrajatulya pro0 rAjArAma jI ne prasiddha naiyAyika vAcaspati mizra kI patnI bhAmatI se unakI tulanA kI hai, ise maiM svIkAra karatA huuN| jinazAsana ke avarNavAda ke pratikAra meM sahabhAginI banakara merI dharmapatnI ne jo dharma arjita kiyA hai, usase vaha strIparyAya se chuTakArA pA leMgI, aisA merA vizvAsa hai| mere bar3e putra-putravadhU ciraMjIva animeSa aura sau0 saMgItA tathA choTe putra-putravadhU ci0 anupama evaM sau0 arcanA grantha ke zIghra samApana aura prakAzana ke lie bahuta utsuka the| isa hetu unhoMne mere adhyayana aura lekhana ko adhikAdhika nirbAdha evaM suvidhAmaya banAne ke lie hara sambhava prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne mere lie Adhunika suvidhAoM se sampanna eka adhyayanakakSa banavAyA, jisameM baiThakara maiM vyavasthitarUpa se adhyayana-lekhana kara sakA hU~, jisase mere samaya aura zrama kI kAphI bacata huI hai, svAsthya bhI anukUla banA rhaa| lekhanasAmagrI bhI ve samaya se pahale hI upasthita karate rahe haiN| bar3e putra ci0 animeSa ne dillI se aneka Avazyaka grantha kharIdakara bhejane kA bhI kAma kiyA hai| isa taraha putroM aura putra vadhuoM ne bhI jinazAsana ke avarNavAda ke pratIkAra meM hAtha ba~TAkara puNya arjita kiyA hai, jo nizcaya hI unake abhyudaya aura niHzreyas kA hetu bnegaa| unake lie mere hRdaya meM agaNita AzIrvAda phalaphUla rahe haiN| zrI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI meM rahakara maiMne kaI dinoM taka granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai| vahA~ ke adhikAriyoM aura karmacAriyoM ne mere sAtha atyanta sauhArdapUrNa vyavahAra kiyA, mujhe AvAsa aura AhAra kI anukUla vyavasthA upalabdha kraayii| vahA~ ke vyAkhyAtA DaoN0 zrIprakAza jI pANDeya evaM pustakAlaya prabhArI zrI vijayakumAra jI, zrI omaprakAza jI evaM zrI rAkeza jI ne bhI bar3e AdarapUrvaka mujhe grantha upalabdha karAye tathA Avazyaka aMzoM kI chAyApratilipi karake dii| isa, saujanya ke lie maiM ukta vidyApITha evaM ina saba bandhuoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| bhopAlavAsI zrI azokakumAra jI jaina vanakSetrapAla tathA mere sambandhI zrI padmacandrajI jaina ne bhI lipi saMzodhana meM merI sahAyatA kI hai| zrI vikAsa godhA ne grantha ke AvaraNapRSThagata zilpa evaM granthamudraNa-sambandhI aneka upayogI sujhAva diye haiN| maiM ina saba sajjanoM kA kRtajJa huuN| mere mitra iMjIniyara zrI dharamacandra jI vAjhalya samayasamaya para ekyuprezaracikitsA dvArA mujhe nIroga banAte hue granthalekhana meM merA sahayoga karate rahe haiN| maiM unake prati bhI AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [saiMtAlIsa] __isa grantha kA prakAzana mAnanIya zrI azoka jI pATanI, Ara0 ke0 mArbalsa, kizanagar3ha (rAja.) ke udAra Arthika sahayoga se sarvodaya jaina vidyApITha, AgarA (u.pra.) ne kiyA hai| isa hetu zrI pATanI jI evaM vidyApITha ke nyAsIgaNa sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke AzIrvAda se likhA gayA yaha grantha isa saMsthA se prakAzita honevAlI prathama kRti hai| yaha vidyApITha kA saubhAgya hai| AzA hai prastuta grantha kA prakAzana vidyApITha kI kIrti meM cAra cA~da lgaayegaa| grantha kA lipyaGkana (kampojiMga) zrI zrIpAla jI 'divA', bhopAla ke samatA presa meM zrI kailAzacandra rAjapUta ke dvArA yatnapUrvaka, uttamarIti se kiyA gayA hai| maiM ina donoM bandhuoM kA bhI hRdaya se dhanyavAda karatA huuN| grantha ke AvaraNa pRSTha kI rUparekhAe~ zrI saMjaya jaina 'maiksa' indaura evaM jayapura priMTarsa jayapura ke svAmI zrI pramodakumAra jaina ne nirmita karAkara vicAra hetu upalabdha karAyIM, tathA har3appA-jinapratimA ke citra kI upalabdhi zrI ajitaprasAda jaina evaM zrI je0 ke0 jaina dillI ke dvArA tathA lohAnIpura-jinapratimA ke citra kI prApti zrI ratanalAla jI paTanA (bihAra) ke prayatna se huI hai| ina mitroM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| zrI rAjeza jaina, rAjakumAra sTUDiyo, gaMjIpurA, jabalapura ne pa0 pU0 AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI kA bhavya chAyAcitra grantha meM prakAzanArtha upalabdha karAyA, isa hetu maiM unakA bhI AbhArI huuN| grantha kA mudraNa dIpa priNTarsa nayI dillI ke svAmI zrI manoharalAla jI jaina ne baDI ruci aura niSThA se kiyA hai| unhoMne lipyaGkana-paddhati ke kaI doSoM kA parimArjana bhI kiyA hai| AvaraNapRSTha ko antima rUpa bhI unake hI dvArA diyA gayA hai| isa manohara kArya ke lie maiM unake prati bhI AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| maiM san 1998 se 'mere to giradhara gopAla, dUsarA na koI' kI bhAvanA se granthalekhana meM juTA rahA huuN| ina dasa varSoM meM maiMne sira bhI Upara nahIM utthaayaa| nIMda utanI hI lI hai, jitanI svastha rahane ke lie jarUrI thii| kabhI-kabhI usameM bhI kaTautI kara dii| mitroM aura sambandhiyoM se nAtA-sA TUTa gyaa| vidvatsaMgoSThiyoM meM prAya: jAnA banda kara diyaa| isI bIca pUjya guruvara AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI evaM anya guruoM aura mitroM kI kRpA se jinabhASita (mAsika) ke sampAdana kA uttaradAyitva bhI ina kandhoM para A gayA, jisake prathama aMka kA lokArpaNa di0 jaina siddhakSetra kuNDalapura (damoha, ma.pra.) meM bar3e bAbA bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI 1500 varSa prAcIna pratimA ke prathama mahAmastakAbhiSeka evaM paMcakalyANaka-gajaratha mahotsava ke aitihAsika avasara para paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI evaM unake vizAla zrIsaMgha kI maMgala sannidhi evaM zubhAzIrvAda For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ar3atAlIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kI chAyAtale di0 26 pharavarI 2001 ko huA thaa| phira paramapUjya AcAryazrI ne do cAturmAsoM (san 2002 evaM 2003) meM pratibhAmaNDala kI brahmacAriNI bahanoM ko sarvArthasiddhi evaM snAtakottara stara ke saMskRta-adhyApana kA puNyAspada evaM sukhada kArya bhI sauMpa diyaa| ina navIna uttaradAyitvoM ne granthalekhana ke lie upalabdha kAla kA ba~TavArA kara liyA, jisase usakA (kAla kA) tana dubalA ho gayA aura usakI gati druta se vilambita ho gyii| isase grantha ke pUrNa hone meM adhika samaya laga gyaa| isa grantha meM maiMne digambarajaina, zvetAmbarajaina, vaidika (hindU) evaM bauddha sAhityoM, saMskRta sAhitya ke gadya-padya-nATya kAvyoM, abhilekhoM (zilAlekhoM-tAmrapatralekhoM) tathA purAtattva (prAcIna jinapratimAoM) se pramANa dekara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se digambarajaina-paramparA utanI hI prAcIna hai jitanI sindhusabhyatA, arthAt IsA se lagabhaga 2400 varSa purAnI, tathA kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra Adi jina granthoM ko yApanIya-paramparA yA zvetAmbara-paramparA kA siddha karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai, ve saba digambara AcAryoM ke dvArA hI race gaye haiN| jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha nAmaka isa grantha meM 25 adhyAya haiM, jinameM katipaya adhyAya bahuta bar3e haiN| sAtha meM granthakathA, granthasAra, antastattva (viSayavarNanakrama), saMketAkSara-vivaraNa, prayukta granthoM kI sUcI tathA zabdavizeSa-sUcI bhI saMlagna haiN| ataeva vizAla hone ke kAraNa ise tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| grantha-anukrama ___ yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgama (IsApUrva prathama zatI-pUrvArdha) kI racanA kasAyapAhuDa (IsApUrva dvitIya zatI-uttarArdha) ke bAda huI hai, tathApi usameM prasaMgavaza kucha aise mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, jinakI jAnakArI anya vivecya granthoM ke viSaya ko samajhane ke lie bhI pAThakoM ko prAthamikarUpa se Avazyaka hai| isalie SaTkhaNDAgama kA krama kasAyapAhuDa se pahale rakhA gayA hai| isI prakAra bhagavatI-ArAdhanA aura usakI vijayodayA-TIkA ke kartA aparAjitasUri kA paraspara sambandha hone se aparAjitasUri se sambandhita adhyAya bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke pazcAt rakhA gayA hai| pAdaTippaNapaddhati pratyeka adhyAya meM pAdaTippaNiyoM kI saMkhyA svatantrarUpa se arthAt 1 se AraMbha kara adhyAya ke anta taka kramazaH dI gayI hai| yadi koI TippaNI bar3I hone ke kAraNa usI pRSTha para samApta nahIM ho sakI, to usakA zeSAMza agale pRSTha para rakhA gayA hai| isI prakAra kisI pAdaTippaNI kA sUcakAMka pUrva pRSTha kI antima paMkti yA usase pahale kI paMkti para AyA hai, jisake kAraNa pAdaTippaNI kA usI pRSTha For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthakathA [unacAsa] para rakhA jAnA saMbhava nahIM huA, vaha pAdaTippaNI uttara pRSTha para rakhI gayI hai| isake atirikta yadi kisI pRSTha para eka hI grantha ke eka hI pRSTha kI eka se adhika pAdaTippaNiyA~ haiM, to una saba para eka hI (samAna) pAdaTipapNI-saMkhyA dI gayI hai| sampUrNa grantha kA do-tIna bAra kampyUTara-mudraNa ho jAne ke bAda kisI-kisI adhyAya meM kvacit nayI pAdaTippaNiyA~ jor3ane kI AvazyakatA par3I hai, vahA~ Age kI kramAMkavyavasthA ko bhaMga na karate hue pUrvaTippaNI-kramAMka ke hI upabheda kara naye TippaNIkramAMka banA diye gaye haiM, jaise pUrvaTippaNI-kramAMka yadi 9 hai, to naye TippaNI-kramAMka 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 ityAdi banAye gaye haiN| upasaMhAra dasa varSoM taka lagAtAra grantha likhate rahane aura lagabhaga 2600 pRSThoM kA pA~capA~ca, chaha-chaha bAra, kucha adhyAyoM kA to dasa-dasa bAra lipisaMzodhana karate rahane tathA bIca-bIca meM katipaya purAne aMzoM ko haTAne aura naye aMzoM ko jor3ate rahane ke vyAyAma se zrama to bahuta huA, lekina zrAnti nahIM huii| jinazAsana ke avarNavAda ke pratIkAra meM DUbA triyoga mere lie dharmadhyAna bana gayA aura usase jo Ananda kI anubhUti huI, usane mere svAsthya ke lie auSadha kA kAma kiyaa| isake atirikta pANDulipi kA vAcana sunate samaya paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI evaM pUjya muni zrI abhayasAgara jI ne jisa paramasantoSa kI abhivyakti kI, usane rasAyana banakara mere tana-mana meM apUrva bala aura sphUrti kA saMcAra kiyaa| isa prakAra prastuta grantha kA lekhana mere lie daihika aura AdhyAtmika donoM dRSTiyoM se lAbhaprada siddha huA hai| yaha sunakara Azcarya hogA ki granthalekhana kI isa dasa varSa kI avadhi meM zarIra ke kisI bhI aMga meM eka kSaNa ke lie bhI pIr3A kI anubhUti nahIM huyii| grantha apane uddezya meM kahA~ taka saphala rahA hai, isakA nirNaya jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke marmajJa manISiyoM kI dRSTi kregii| jo doSa dRSTi meM lAye jAyeMge, unakA nirAkaraNa AgAmI saMskaraNa meM karane kA prayAsa kruuNgaa| e/2, zAhapurA gurucaraNa-caJcarIka bhopAla-462039, ma. pra. ratanacandra jaina vIrazAsana-jayantI zrAvaNakRSNA 1, vi. saM. 2066 dinAMka 08.07.2009 For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra jaisA ki pUrva . jJApita kiyA gayA hai, mAnya zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki "digambarajainamata tIrthaMkara praNIta nahIM hai, apitu chadmasthapraNIta hai| vaha bahuta prAcIna bhI nahIM hai, zvetAmbaramata kI apekSA bahuta bAda kA hai| digambaraparamparA meM bahumAnya AcArya kundakunda bhI bahuta purAne nahIM hai, ve vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue the aura digambarajaina - sampradAya jina dharmagranthoM ko apanA mAnatA hai, unameM se SaTkhaNDAgama Adi 18 pramukha grantha usake nahIM hai, apitu tattvArthasUtra evaM sanmatisUtra zvetAmbarAcAryoM dvArA racita haiM, zeSa 16 yApanIya - AcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ haiM / kasAyapAhuDa ko zvetAmbaramuni zrI hemacandra vijaya jI ne zvetAmbaragrantha batalAyA hai, jaba ki DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne yApanIyagrantha / isI prakAra tattvArthasUtra ke viSaya meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA mata hai ki vaha na zvetAmbaragrantha hai, na yApanIyagrantha, balki ina donoM kI mAtRparamparA meM arthAt uttarabhAratIya - sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA meM nirmita huA hai| " mAnya zvetAmbara muniyoM aura vidvAnoM ke ye sabhI mata pramANasiddha nahIM hai, ata eva kAlpanika haiM aura inheM satya siddha karane ke lie unhoMne jo tarka yA hetu prastuta kiye haiM, ve bhI sabhI kAlpanika haiM / isa prakAra uparyukta sAdhyabhUta kAlpanika matoM kA sAdhaka unakA tarkaprAsAda kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita hai / AkAzakusuma ko satya siddha karanevAlI hetusAmagrI bhI AkAzakusumavat kAlpanika hI ho sakatI hai| prastuta grantha meM maiMne ina samasta kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA pramANoM aura yuktiyoM ke dvArA udghATana kara siddha kiyA hai ki digambarajainamata tIrthaMkarapraNIta hai aura utanA hI prAcIna hai, jitanI prAcIna tIrthaMkara - paramparA hai| vaidikaparamparA ke mahAkAvya evaM itihAsagrantha 'mahAbhArata' (500-100 I0 pU0) ke anusAra vaha dvAparayugIna (Aja se lagabhaga 8,64,000 varSa purAnA), viSNupurANa ke anusAra prathama - svAyaMbhuvamanvantara - kAlIna ( Aja se lagabhaga DhAI karor3a varSa prAcIna) aura aitihAsika dRSTi se sindhusabhyatA- jitanA ( IsApUrva 2500 varSa) prAcIna hai / vaha Rgveda, gautamabuddha aura IsA se pUrvavartI hai| AcArya kundakunda bhI IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM utpanna hue the aura Isottara prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha taka vidyamAna rahe / tathA SaTkhaNDAgama For Personal & Private Use Only

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[bAvana] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 Adi aThAraha dharmagrantha, jinheM zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne zvetAmbara aura yApanIya AcAryoM dvArA praNIta batalAyA hai, ve saba digambarajaina AcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ haiN| maiMne grantha ko tIna khaNDoM aura paccIsa adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| unameM apane zodhodbhUta niSkarSoM kA prastutIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai prathama khaNDa digambara, zvetAmbara, yApanIya saMghoM kA itihAsa adhyAya 1-kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita tarkaprAsAda isa adhyAya meM una kapolakalpanAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jinakI sRSTi mAnya zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne apane pUrvokta kAlpanika matoM ko siddha karane ke lie heturUpa meM kI hai| ve isa prakAra haiM 1. tIrthaMkaroM ke savastra-tIrthopadezaka hone kI klpnaa| 2. boTika zivabhUti ke digambaramata-pravartaka hone kI klpnaa| 3. boTika zivabhUti ke yApanIyamata-pravartaka hone kI klpnaa| 4. kundakunda ke digambaramata-pravartaka hone kI klpnaa| 5. kundakunda ke prathamataH yApanIya hone kI klpnaa| 6.kundakunda ke prathamataH bhaTTAraka hone kI klpnaa| 7. uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha kI klpnaa| 8.sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se zvetAmbara-yApanIya sampradAyoM ke udbhava kI klpnaa| 9.acela evaM sacela jinakalpoM ke vyuccheda kI klpnaa| 10. sAmAnyapuruSoM ke lie tIrthaMkaraliMga-grahaNa ke niSedha kI klpnaa| 11. acelatva ke mukhya aura aupacArika bhedoM kI klpnaa| 12. sagrantha meM nirgrantha kI klpnaa| 13. mUlasaMgha ke yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrvanAma hone kI klpnaa| 14. kundakunda-sAhitya meM dArzanika vikAsa kI klpnaa| 15. zivamAra meM zivakumAra kI klpnaa| 16.aneka digambaragranthoM ke yApanIyagrantha hone kI klpnaa| 17.guNasthAnasiddhAnta ke vikAsa kI klpnaa| 18. saptabhaMgI ke vikAsa kI klpnaa| 19. yApanIyoM dvArA ardhamAgadhI-AgamoM ke zaurasenIkaraNa kI klpnaa| 20. digambaragranthoM meM yApanIyamataviruddha kathanoM ke prakSepa kI klpnaa| 21. svAbhISTa kalpita-zabdAdi kA aaropnn| yahA~ kramAMka 16 para jina digambaragranthoM ke yApanIyagrantha hone kI kalpanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-1. kasAyapAhuDa, 2. kasAyapAhuDacUrNisUtra, 3. SaTkhaNDAgama, 4. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, 5. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA, 6. mUlAcAra, 7. tiloyapaNNattI, 8. raviSeNakRta padmapurANa, 9. varAGgacarita, 10. harivaMzapurANa, 11. svayambhUkRta paumacariu, 12. bRhatkathAkoza, 13. chedapiNDa, 14. chedazAstra, 15. pratikramaNa-granthatrayI, 16. bRhatprabhAcandrakRta tttvaarthsuutr| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ tirapana ] 1. gRdhrapicchAcAryakRta digambaragrantha tattvArthasUtra ko, jise paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne yApanIyagrantha mAnA hai aura zvetAmbara - paramparA zvetAmbaragrantha mAnatI hai, use DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA arthAt zvetAmbara -yApanIyamAtRparamparA kA grantha ghoSita kiyA hai / 2. AcArya siddhasenakRta sanmatisUtra bhI digambaragrantha hai / use zvetAmbara apanI paramparA kA grantha mAnate haiM, kintu DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne use bhI uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA meM racita batalAyA hai| isake viparIta DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye aura unakA anusaraNa karanevAlI zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ne usakI yApanIyagrantha ke rUpa meM pahacAna kI hai| granthasAra isa prakAra 16 digambara granthoM ko yApanIya paramparA kA aura 2 granthoM ko yApanIyaparamparA kA bhI, zvetAmbaraparamparA kA bhI tathA zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI kapolakalpita mAtR-paramparA kA bhI batalAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbaramuni zrI hemacandravijaya jI ne kasAyapAhuDa aura usake cUrNisUtroM ko zvetAmbaragrantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| adhyAya 2 - kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana prathama- adhyAyokta kAlpanika hetuoM meM se 19 veM aura 20veM hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana vahIM para kara diyA gayA hai| chaThe hetu kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana AThaveM adhyAya meM, 11veM hetu kI kapolakalpitatA kA tIsare adhyAya meM, 13veM hetu kI kapolakalpitatA kA sAtaveM adhyAya meM aura 14, 15, 17 evaM 18 kramAMkagata hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana dasaveM adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai / 16veM aura 21veM hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA 11veM adhyAya se lekara 25 veM adhyAya taka pandraha adhyAyoM me udghATita kI gayI hai| isa dvitIya adhyAya meM kramAMka 1 se lekara 10 taka ke evaM kramAMka 12 ke hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA anAvaraNa kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai 1. zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa (7vIM zatI I0) ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM ghoSaNA kI hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ne nirvastratIrtha (digambaraveza se mukti hone) kA nahIM, apitu savastratIrtha ( savastraveza se mukti hone) kA upadeza diyA hai / isa hetu ke dvArA unhoMne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki yataH digambaramata nirvastratIrtha kA samarthaka hai, ataH vaha tIrthaMkarapraNIta nahIM hai, apitu tIrthaMkaropadeza se viparIta mata kA pratipAdaka hone se nihnavamata (mithyAmata) hai / kintu nimnalikhita pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki yaha hetu pramANasiddha nahIM hai, ataH kapolakalpita hai ka-- zvetAmbaragrantha uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( 23 / 29) meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelakadharma kA upadeza diyA thA aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne acela - sacela donoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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[cauvana] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 dharmoM kaa| zrI haribhadrasUri ne bhI 'paJcAzaka' (zloka 12) meM prarUpita kiyA hai ki tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra donoM kA dharma acelaka thaa| ina pramANoM se zrI jinabhadragaNI kI uparyukta ghoSaNA aprAmANika arthAt svakalpita siddha ho jAtI hai| (adhyAya 2/ pr.1)| kha-har3appA se prApta sindhusabhyatAyugIna (I0 pU0 2400 varSa prAcIna) jinapratimA aura lohAnIpura (paTanA, bihAra) meM upalabdha vaisI hI 300 varSa I0 pU0 kI tIrthaMkaramUrti sarvathA nagna haiN| mathurA ke kaMkAlITIkA meM milI kuSANakAlIna (prathama zatI I0 kI) jinapratimAe~ bhI pUrNataH nagna (kisI bhI prakAra ke vastra se rahita) haiN| yaha bhI isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ne savastratIrtha kA nahIM, apitu nirvastratIrtha kA upadeza diyA thaa| ataH jinabhadragaNI jI kA kathana svakalpita hai| (adhyAya 2/pr.1)| ga-Rgveda (1500 I0 pU0) meM vAtarazana (vAyurUpI vastradhArI arthAt nagna) muniyoM evaM ziznadevoM (nagnadevoM) ke nAma se nirgrantha muniyoM kA varNana hai| sampUrNa bauddha sAhitya meM, cAhe vaha IsApUrvakAlIna ho yA IsottarakAlIna, nirgrantha-sampradAya ke sAdhuoM ko nagnavezadhArI batalAyA gayA hai| 'mahAbhArata' (I0 pU0 500-I0 pU0 100) meM nirgrantha sAdhuoM ko 'nagnakSapaNaka' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vaidika purANoM meM 'nirgrantha' aura 'digambara' zabda nagna jaina muniyoM ke lie prayukta hue haiN| sampUrNa saMskRta sAhitya meM jahA~ bhI 'kSapaNaka', 'nirgrantha' Adi zabdoM se jaina muniyoM kA ullekha huA hai, unheM nagnaveSa meM hI citrita kiyA gayA hai| ye pramANa bhI siddha karate haiM ki zrI jinabhadragaNI jI kI uparyukta ghoSaNA manaHkalpita hai| (adhyAya 2 / pr.1)| 2. chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 ke zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne digambaramata ko 'boTikamata' zabda se abhihita karate hue yaha kathA gar3hI hai ki digambaramata kA pravartana vIranirvANa saM0 609 (I0 san 82) meM boTika zivabhUti nAma ke eka maujamastI karate hue nagara meM ghUmane-phiranevAle rAjasevaka ne zvetAmbarasAdhu banane ke bAda kiyA thaa| yaha 'boTikamatotpattikathA' Avazyakaniyukti (chaThI zatI I0), AvazyakamUlabhASya (chaThI zatI I0), vizeSAvazyakabhASya (7vIM zatI I0), pravacanaparIkSA (16vIM zatI I0) Adi zvetAmbaragranthoM meM milatI hai| isa managaDhanta kathA ke hetu dvArA zvetAmbaracAryoM ne yaha siddha karane kI ceSTa kI hai digambarajainamata tIrthaMkarapraNIta nahIM hai, apitu eka atyanta sAdhAraNa chadmastha puruSa dvArA calAyA gayA hai, tathA vaha prAcIna nahIM, balki zvetAmbaramata ke bahuta bAda paidA huA hai| ___zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI digambarajainamata ko itanA prAcIna (prathama zatAbdI I0 kA) bhI siddha nahIM hone denA cAhate the, isalie unhoMne apane grantha 'zramaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [pacapana] bhagavAn mahAvIra' (I0 san 1941) meM yaha kathA bunI ki boTika zivabhUti ne digambaramata nahIM calAyA thA, apitu yApanIyamata calAyA thaa| digambarajainamata kI sthApanA dakSiNa bhArata ke AcArya kundakunda ne vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM kI thii| zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne isa mata kA anusaraNa karate hue ise puSTa karane ke lie naye hetuoM kI kalpanA kI hai| isa kapolakalpanA ke dvArA muni kalyANavijaya jI ne yaha sAbita karane kI koziza kI hai ki digambarajainamata bahuta purAnA nahIM hai, balki vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM pracalita huA hai| (adhyAya 2/pra.2/ shii.3)| uparyukta donoM hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA nimnalikhita pramANoM se spaSTa ho jAtI hai ka-boTikamatotpattikathA se spaSTa hai ki boTika zivabhUti ne koI nayA mata nahIM calAyA thA, apitu jinendrapraNIta mata ko hI aMgIkAra kiyA thaa| vaha zvetAmbarasAdhu bana gayA thA, kintu sthavirakalpI zvetAmbarasAdhuoM kA parigrahI veza use acchA nahIM lgaa| isIlie jaba usake guru AryakRSNa parigraharahita acelaka jinakalpa kA varNana karate haiM taba vaha unase kahatA hai "sa eva jinakalpaH kiM na kriyate?--- nanvahameva taM karomi, paralokArthinA sa eva niSparigraho jinakalpaH krtvyH| kiM punaranena kaSAyabhayamUrchAdidoSanidhinA parigrahAnarthena? ata eva zrute nissprigrhtvmuktm| acelakAzca jinendrAH, ato'celataiva sundreti| --- guruNA --- prajJApyamAno'pi--- na svAgrahAd nivRttau'sau, kintu cIvarANi parityajya nirgtH|" (hemacandrasUri-vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gaa.2551-52)| anuvAda-"vahI parigraharahita acela jinakalpa (sAdhvAcAra) aMgIkAra kyoM nahIM kiyA jAtA hai? --- maiM use aMgIkAra kruuNgaa| mokSArthI ko vahI niSparigraha jinakalpa dhAraNa karanA caahie| yaha parigraha to kaSAya, bhaya, mUrchA Adi doSoM kA kAraNa hai| ataH isa anartha ke kAraNabhUta parigraha se kyA lAbha? isIlie zruta meM parigraha ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| jinendra bhI acelaka the, ataH acelatA hI sundara (hitakara) hai| guru ke dvArA---samajhAye jAne para bhI---usane apanI haTha nahIM chor3I aura vastra tyAgakara (digambaraveza dhAraNa kara) calA gyaa|" zivabhUti ke ina vacanoM se spaSTa hai ki usane zruta meM (jinendra dvArA) upadiSTa aura tIrthaMkaroM dvArA aMgIkRta acelakadharma ko hI apanAyA thA, svayaM kisI naye dharma kA pravartana nahIM kiyA thaa| ataH siddha hai ki 'Avazyakaniyukti' Adi meM jise boTikamata (digambaramata) kahA gayA hai, vaha utanA hI prAcIna hai, jitanA zruta yA tiirthNkrprmpraa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[chappana] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 phalasvarUpa yaha svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki digambarajainamata ko boTika zivabhUti dvArA pravartita nihnavamata batalAyA jAnA eka mahAn kapolakalpanA hai| (adhyAya 2/pra.2 / zI. 5,6 evaM 10.5) / kha-zvetAmbaragranthoM se boTikoM aura yApanIyoM meM mahAn bheda siddha hotA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura usakI maladhArI-hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti meM boTikoM ko siddhAntoM (mata) kI dRSTi se bhI bhinna, veza (liMga) kI dRSTi se bhI bhinna aura AcaraNa (caryA) kI dRSTi se bhI bhinna kahakara sarvavisaMvAdI (tIrthaMkaropadeza se sarvathA viparIta mata rakhanevAlA), mithyAdRSTi kahA gayA hai-"bhinnamayaliMgacariyA micchaddiTThi tti boddiyaa'bhimyaa|" (vize. bhA. /gA. 2620) / "--- dezavisaMvAdinaH sapta nivaaH| - -- sarvavisaMvAdinaH--- aSTamAn boTika nihvvaan---|" (hema. vRtti / pAtanikA / vishe.bhaa./gaa.2550)| kintu yApanIya sarvavisaMvAdI to kyA dezavisaMvAdI bhI nahIM the, kyoMki ve sabhI zvetAmbara AgamoM ko pramANa mAnate the aura nirvastramukti ke sAtha savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti anyatIrthikamukti, kevalibhukti Adi samasta zvetAmbarIya siddhAntoM ke anugAmI the| zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatAbdI I0) ke samaya meM yApanIya bhI vidyamAna the, ataH ve boTikoM (digambaroM) aura yApanIyoM donoM se suparicita the| unhoMne donoM ko eka nahIM mAnA, apitu unameM mahAn bheda pratipAdita kiyA hai| unhoMne boTikoM ko sarvavisaMvAdI nihnava (mithyAdRSTi) kahA hai-"bhaNitAzca dezavisaMvAdino nivAH. sAmpratamanenaiva prastAvena prabhatavisaMvAdino boTikA bhnnynte|" (hAribhadrIyavRtti/ pAtanikA/Avazyakaniyukti/bhA.1/AvazyakamUlabhASya / gA.145 / pR.215)| kintu yApanIyamata ko (haribhadrasUri ne) pramANarUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne lalitavistarA meM strImukti ke samarthana meM yApanIyatantra nAma ke yApanIyagrantha se eka uddharaNa pramANarUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| yathA-"(strImuktI yApanIyatantrapramANam) yathoktaM yApanIyatantre 'No khalu itthI ajiivo---|" (pR. 401-402) / jisa yApanIyasampradAya ke grantha ko haribhadrasUri pramANa mAnate hoM, use ve prabhUtavisaMvAdI kaise kaha sakate haiM? use to ve dezavisaMvAdI bhI nahIM kaha sakate, anyathA usa sampradAya kA grantha unake lie pramANabhUta nahIM ho sktaa| haribhadrasUri ke anusAra tIrthaMkarapravacana se saMvAda rakhane ke kAraNa hI unhoMne yApanIyasampradAya ke grantha ko pramANarUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| yaha boTikamata ke yApanIyamata na hone kA akATya pramANa hai| isase siddha hai ki muni kalyANavijaya jI Adi kA boTika zivabhUti ko yApanIyamata kA pravartaka kahanA eka mahAn kapolakalpanA hai| (adhyAya 2) / ga-yApanIyasaMgha kA prAcInatama ullekha pA~cavIM zatI I0 (470-490 I0) ke kadambavaMzI rAjA mRgezavarmA ke halsI-tAmrapatra-lekha meM huA hai| isase pUrva kisI bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [sattAvana] grantha yA zilAlekha meM yApanIyasaMgha kA nAma dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, jaba ki nirgrantha aura zvetavastra (zvetapaTa) sampradAyoM ke nAma upalabdha hote haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki yApanIyasampradAya kI utpatti IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke prAraMbha meM huI thii| (adhyAya 7 / pra.1/ shii.10)| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI bhI yahI mAnate haiN| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne tattvArthabhASya ko yApanIkRti mAnA hai| isakA khaNDana karate hue DaoNkTara sA0 likhate haiM- "bhASya to yApanIyaparamparA ke pUrva kA hai| bhASya tIsarI-cauthI zatI kA hai aura yApanIyasampradAya cauthI-pA~cavIM zatI ke pazcAt hI kabhI astitva meM AyA hai|" (jai. dha. yA. sa. / pR. 357) / boTika zivabhUti ke astitvakAla aura yApanIyamata ke utpattikAla meM yaha 300 varSa kA antarAla siddha karatA hai ki zivabhUti ko yApanIyamata kA pravartaka batalAnA kapolakalpanA ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| 3. DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA kathana hai ki "bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sacela aura acela ubhayavidha dharma kA upadeza diyA thA, ataH unakI anugAminI uttarabhAratIya nirgranthaparamparA sacelAcela thii| IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke AraMbha meM usake vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kI utpatti huii| ataH uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI mAtRparamparA thii|" isa hetu ke dvArA DaoNkTara sA ne yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki pUrvokta (adhyAya 1 meM varNita) 18 digambarajaina granthoM meM se jo grantha IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM yA usake bAda racA gayA hai, vaha yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hai aura jisakI racanA usake pUrva huI hai, vaha uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela nirgrantha-paramparA kA hai, digambaraparamparA kA koI bhI nahIM hai| (adhyAya 2/ pr.3/shii.1,2)| isa AdhAra para unhoMne tattvArthasUtra aura siddhasenakRta sanmatisUtra ko uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela nirgrantha-paramparA kA grantha ghoSita kiyA hai aura zeSa ko yaapniiygrnth| pahale unhoMne kasAyapAhuDa, usake cUrNisUtroM aura SaTkhaNDAgama ko bhI uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela nirgrantha-paramparA kA grantha batalAyA thA, kintu bAda meM unhoMne isa kapolakalpanA kI sRSTi kI, ki tattvArthasUtra meM guNasthAnasiddhAnta upalabdha nahIM hotA, jaba ki kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi meM hotA hai, ataH guNasthAnasiddhAnta kA kramazaH vikAsa huA hai| isa kAraNa kasAyapAhuDa Adi grantha tattvArthasUtra (unake anusAra tIsarI-cauthI zatI I0) ke bAda race gaye haiN| isa kapolakalpanA ke AdhAra para DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne kasAyapAhuDa, usake cUrNisUtroM tathA SaTkhaNDAgama ko yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha mAna liyaa| (adhyAya 10/pr.5/shii.1)| kintu uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA kA kabhI astitva hI nahIM thA, yaha DaoN0 sAgaramala jI dvArA kapolakalpita hai| yaha nimnalikhita pramANoM se siddha hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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[aTThAvana] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 ka-uttarAdhyayanasUtra (23 / 29) evaM haribhadrasUrikRta paJcAzaka (zloka 12) meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelaka dharma kA hI upadeza diyA thA, sacelaacela kA nhiiN| kalpaniyukti meM sAdhuoM ke dasa sthitikalpoM (anivArya AcAroM) meM Acelakya (nagnatva) pahalA sthitikalpa batalAyA gayA hai| tathA tattvArthasUtra meM bhI sAdhu ke bAIsa parISahoM meM nAgnyaparISaha nirdiSTa hai, jo sAdhu ke lie acelaliMga dhAraNa karane ke upadeza kA sUcaka hai| ina pramANoM se nizcita hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anuyAyI nirgranthasaMgha sarvathA acela thA, sacelAcela nhiiN| (adhyAya 2/ pra.3 / shii.3)| kha-zvetAmbaragrantha vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAdhuoM ke lie do prakAra ke AcAroM kA varNana hai : jinakalpa aura sthvirklp| inameM jinakalpa ko acela aura sthavirakalpa ko sacela kahA gayA hai, kintu yaha satya nahIM hai| jinakalpa bhI sacela hI thA, jaisA ki pravacanaparIkSA meM kahA gayA hai ___"--- evamuktaprakAreNa jinakalpikAH sthavirakalpikAzcetyubhaye'pi prAguktaguNahetave vastraNi vibhrti| anyathA pravacanakhiMsAdayaH strIjanasyAtmanazca mohodayAdayo bahavo doSAH syuH|" (prava. parI./vRtti/1/2/31 / pR.95)| anuvAda-"---isa prakAra jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpika, donoM pUrvokta guNoM (lokamaryAdA kA pAlana, lajjA tathA brahmacarya kI rakSA, zItAtapadaMzamazakajanya pIr3AoM ke nirodha dvArA saddhyAna kI prApti, jainasaMgha kI nindA kA parihAra, striyoM meM kAmavikArotpatti kA nivAraNa evaM jIvahiMsA kI nivRtti) kI siddhi ke lie vastra dhAraNa karate haiN| anyathA jainasaMgha kI nindA, striyoM tathA svayaM meM kAmavikAra kI utpatti Adi aneka doSa utpanna ho sakate haiN|" (adhyAya 2/pr.3/shii.3.3.1)| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke kartA kA kathana hai ki isa sacela jinakalpa kA bhI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa (vIranirvANa saM062) ke bAda vyuccheda ho gyaa| (adhyAya 2/ pra. 3 /zI. 3.5) / isa prakAra zvetAmbaramata meM Arambha se hI ekamAtra sthavirakalpikoM kA arthAt sacelasAdhusaMgha kA astitva rahA hai aura digambaramata meM ekamAtra acela sAdhusaMgha kaa| yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti (pA~cavIM zatI I0) ke pUrva taka koI bhI aisA jainasaMgha nahIM thA, jisameM sacela aura acela donoM prakAra ke sAdhuoM kA astitva ho| ataH DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA yaha kathana sarvathA kapolakalpita hai ki uttarabhArata kA mUla nirgranthasaMgha sacelAcela thA aura vaha IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha taka vidyamAna rahA tathA isI samaya usake vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI utpatti huii| tAtparya yaha ki zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI samAna mAtRparamparA kA astitva For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [unasaTha] kapolakalpita hai, ataH uparyukta 18 digambaragranthoM meM se do granthoM ko DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne jo zvetAmbara-yApanIya-mAtRparamparA arthAt uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke AcAryoM dvArA racita batalAyA hai, vaha aprAmANika hai, bandhyAputra aura AkAzakusuma ke samAna kapolakalpita hai| aitihAsika pramANoM se bhI uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA kA astitva mithyA siddha hotA hai| yathA ka-pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke devagiri evaM halsI ke abhilekhoM meM zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha, nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha, yApanIyasaMgha evaM kUrcakasaMgha kA ullekha hai, kintu pA~cavIM zatI I0 yA usase pUrva ke kisI bhI abhilekha yA grantha meM 'uttarabhAratIya-nirgranthasaMgha' yA 'uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha' kA ullekha nahIM hai| kha-uparyukta abhilekhoM meM nirgrantha zabda zvetAmbaroM, yApanIyoM aura kUrcakoM ke pratipakSI digambaroM ke lie prayukta hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki paramparA se digambarajaina muni hI loka meM nirgrantha zabda se abhihita hote the| isalie digambarajaina muniyoM se bhinna sacelAcela-sampradAya ke muniyoM ke lie 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga ho hI nahIM sakatA thA, kyoMki isase sAmpradAyika bhinnatA kI pahacAna asaMbhava ho jaatii| yApanIyasampradAya ke sAdhu bhI acela aura sacela donoM liMga dhAraNa karate the, kintu unhoMne uparyukta kAraNa se apane sampradAya ko 'nirgrantha' zabda se prasiddha nahIM kiyaa| kathita sacelAcela-sampradAya 'nirgrantha' nAma se prasiddha thA, isakA koI abhilekhIya yA sAhityika pramANa bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| isase bhI ukta sampradAya kA astitva prAmANika siddha nahIM hotaa| ga-DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA kathana hai ki ukta sacelAcela-sampradAya pA~cavI zatAbdI I0 ke Arambha meM zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thaa| kintu azokakAlIna athavA IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI I0 ke bauddha grantha apadAna meM setavattha nAma se zvetAmbara sAdhaoM kA ullekha hai, jo isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki zvetAmbarasampradAya kI utpatti IsApUrvakAla meM hI ho gayI thii| isase yaha bAta mithyA siddha ho jAtI hai ki uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 ke AraMbha meM zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thaa| vibhakta bhI nahIM huA aura vidyamAna bhI nahIM hai, yaha isa bAta kA sabUta hai ki usakA astitva hI nahIM thaa| gha-kathita sacelAcela-sampradAya meM sAdhu ko sacela aura acela do liMgoM meM se kisI ko bhI grahaNa karane kI svaMtatratA thii| isalie vaha zvetAmbaroM ke bhI anukUla thA aura yApanIyoM ke bhii| ataH usameM vibhAjita hone yogya parasthitiyA~ hI nahIM thiiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[sATha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 isa kAraNa usake zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita hone kI mAnyatA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| vaha vibhAjita bhI nahIM huA aura maujUda bhI nahIM hai, yaha usake kAlpanika hone kA pramANa hai| Ga-jaba kisI pUrva saMgha se nayA saMgha janma letA hai, taba naye saMgha kA hI nayA nAmakaraNa hotA hai, pUrvasaMgha apane pUrvanAma se hI naye saMgha ke sAtha vidyamAna rahatA hai| jaise nirgranthasaMgha se zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti huI, to zvetAmbarasaMgha kA hI 'zvetAmbarasaMgha' yaha nayA nAma rakhA gayA, nirgranthasaMgha apane 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se hI zvetAmbarasaMgha ke sAtha vidyamAna rahA, jaisA ki zrI vijayazivamRgezavarmA ke devagiri abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai| ataH yadi uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI utpatti huyI hotI, to vaha usI nAma se ina naye saMghoM ke sAtha vidyamAna dikhAyI detaa| kintu kisI bhI abhilekha yA grantha meM ina naye saMghoM ke sAtha usakA nAma dikhAI nahIM detaa| isase siddha hotA hai, ki vaha kapolakalpita hai| 4. 'jo puruSa usI bhava meM tIrthaMkara honevAlA hai, use chor3akara zeSa puruSa tIrthaMkaraliMga (nAgnyaliMga) grahaNa karane ke adhikArI nahIM haiM, jinabhadragaNI jI ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM ise jinavacana batalAyA hai| ise jinavacana kahakara unhoMne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki digambaramata meM muni ke lie tIrthaMkaraliMga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, ataH vaha nihnavamata hai| (adhyAya 2/pr.5/shii.1,2)| kintu yaha vacana jinavacana ke pratikUla hai| isake pramANa nIce draSTavya haiM ka-uttarAdhyayanasUtra (23/19) aura zrI haribhadrasUrikRta paJcAzaka (zloka 12) meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne sacelAcela dharma kA upadeza diyA thA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelaka dharma kaa| ye upadeza sAmAnya (usI bhava se tIrthaMkara na honevAle) puruSoM ke lie hI diye gaye haiM, kyoMki usI bhava se tIrthaMkara honevAloM ke lie upadeza nahIM diyA jAtA, ve svayaMbuddha hote haiN| yaha bAta vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gA. 2588-89) ke vRttikAra maladhArI zrI hemacandrasUri ne svayaM kahI hai| (adhyAya 2/pra.5 / shii.1)| tathA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA sacelAcelaliMga kA upadeza tIrthaMkaroM ke lie ho hI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki jinabhadragaNI jI ne svayaM tIrthaMkaroM kA liMga acelaliMga batalAyA hai, aura usI kA sAmAnya puruSoM ke lie niSedha kiyA hai| ataH jisaprakAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA sacelAcelaliMga kA upadeza sAmAnya puruSoM ke lie hI hai, vaise hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA acelaliMga kA upadeza bhI sAmAnya puruSoM ke lie hI hai| yaha pramANa zrI jinabhadragaNI jI ke isa kathana ko kapolakalpita siddha kara detA hai ki jinendradeva ne sAmAnya puruSoM ke lie tIrthaMkara liMga kA niSedha kiyA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ikasaTha] kha-paJcamakAla meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hI tIrtha cala rahA hai| unhoMne acelatIrtha kA pravartana kiyA thaa| isase siddha hai ki paMcamakAlIna sAmAnya puruSa acelaliMga grahaNa ke adhikArI haiN| ga-jinabhadragaNI jI ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gA.2593) meM jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt (arthAt paMcamakAla meM) upazamakazreNI aura kSapakazreNI kA vyuccheda batalAyA hai, inake pUrva ke pramattasaMyata aura apramattasaMyata guNasthAnoM kA nhiiN| arthAt unake anusAra antima tIna hIna saMhananavAle puruSa apramattasaMyata-guNasthAna-prApti ke yogya hote haiN| (zrI siddhasenagaNI aura zrI haribhadrasUri ne cauthe ardhanArAcasaMhanana ko bhI uttamasaMhanana batalAyA hai| dekhiye, tattvArthabhASyavRtti/9/27 tathA tttvaarthttiikaa/9/27)| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bAdarasAmparAye sarve (ta. sU.-di. evaM zve./9 / 12) sUtra ke dvArA nauveM guNasthAna taka nAgnyaparISaha kA sadbhAva batalAyA hai| isase siddha hai ki nAgnyaliMga ke aMgIkAra kI yogyatA paMcamakAla meM ardhanArAca Adi hInasaMhananadhAriyoM meM bhI hotI hai| gha-karmasiddhAnta eka vijJAna hai| vaha bhautika niyamoM kI taraha niyamoM kA ullaghaMna nahIM karatA, svArthaprerita cetana-prANI ke samAna pakSapAta nahIM krtaa| aisA nahIM ho sakatA ki tIrthaMkaroM meM vastrapAtrAdi-parigrahagata rAgadveSa na hone para hI saMvara aura nirjarA hotI ho tathA sAmAnya puruSoM meM vastrapAtrAdi-parigrahagata rAgadveSa hone para bhI saMvara-nirjarA saMbhava ho| yadi rAgAdibhAvoM meM cumbaka aura lohe ke samAna karmoM ke AkarSaNa kI zakti hai, to rAgAdibhAva cAhe (usI bhava meM honevAle) tIrthaMkara meM raheM yA sAmAnya puruSa meM, karmoM kA AkRSTa honA anivArya hai| tathA vItarAgabhAva ke sadbhAva meM yadi karmoM ke saMvara aura nirjarA kA niyama hai, to vItarAgabhAva kA sadbhAva cAhe tIrthaMkara meM rahe yA sAmAnyapuruSa meM, karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA hue binA nahIM raha sktii| yadi aisA na ho, to 'mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH' (ta. sU./8/1) aura 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH' (ta.sU./1/1) ye tIrthaMkaravacana jhUThe ho jaayeNge| karmoM ke Asrava-bandha aura saMvara-nirjarA-mokSa kA sambandha AtmapariNAmoM se hai| aura AtmapariNAmoM kA sambandha bAhya parigraha ke grahaNa aura tyAga se hai| aisA nahIM ho sakatA ki tIrthaMkaroM meM karmoM ke saMvara-nirjarA-mokSa-yogya pariNAmoM kI utpatti vastrAdi samasta parigraha ke tyAga se hI hotI ho aura sAmAnya puruSoM meM vastrAdiparigraha se yukta rahane para bhI saMbhava ho| yaha saMbhava nahIM hai, isalie siddha hai ki jaise karmakSaya ke lie nAgnyaliMga kA grahaNa tIrthaMkaroM ke lie Avazyaka hai, vaise hI sAmAnya puruSoM ke lie bhI hai| ataH jinabhadragaNI jI ne jo sAmAnya puruSoM ke lie tIrthaMkaraliMga (nAgnyaliMga) kA niSedha batalAyA hai, vaha svakalpita hai, Agamokta nhiiN| vastutaH tIrthaMkaraliMga muniliMga hI hai| (adhyAya 2/ pr.5/shii.3)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[bAsaTha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 5. zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM zvetAmbara (savastra) sAdhuoM ke lie nirgrantha zabda kA aura AryikAoM ke lie nirgranthI zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha nirgrantha zabda ke sAmpradAyika, aitihAsika aura lokaprasiddha artha ke viruddha hai| nirgrantha zabda kA artha nagna digambarajaina sAdhu hai| acelakadharma kA upadeza denevAle acela tIrthaMkara mahAvIra vastrapAtrAdi bAhya grantha evaM mithyAtvakaSAyAdi Amyantara grantha (parigraha) ke tyAgI hone se nirgrantha kahalAte the| isalie unake anuyAyI acela muniyoM kA saMgha nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| IsApUrva zatAbdiyoM meM racita prAcIna bauddha piTakasAhitya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ullekha nigaMThanATaputra (nirgranthajJAtaputra) ke nAma se huA hai aura unake anuyAyI nagna sAdhuoM ko nigaMTha (nirgrantha), acela aura ahirika (ahrIka = nirlajja) zabdoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| samrATa azoka ke dehalI-ToparA-saptama staMbhalekha (242 I0 pU0) meM nirgranthoM kA eka sampradAya ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura 5vIM zatAbdI I0 ke kadambavaMzIya rAjA zrIvijayazivamRgeza varmA ke devagiri-tAmrapAtralekha (kra. 98) meM zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha aura nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha ko kAlavaMga grAma vibhakta kara dAna meM diye jAne kA varNana hai| isase siddha hai ki buddha ke samaya se lekara IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka digambarajainasaMgha loka meM nirgranthazramaNasagha ke nAma se prasiddha thA aura zvetAmbarajainasaMgha apane udayakAla (antima anubaddhakevalI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANAnantara, vIranirvANa saM0 62 = 465 I0 pU0) se lekara IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI taka zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha, zvetavastra, sitAmbara, zvetAmbara Adi nAmoM se prasiddhi ko prApta thaa| zvetAmbarasaMgha apane ko loka meM nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha nahIM kara sakA, isakA kAraNa yahI thA ki yaha nAma tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya se hI digambarajainasaMgha ke lie lokavizruta ho cukA thaa| phalasvarUpa zvetAmbarasaMgha ko loka meM apanI pahacAna zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha.sitAmbarasaMgha. zvetavastrasaMgha. zvetAmbarasaMgha Adi nAmoM se banAnI pddii| ina pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki sAmpradAyika, aitihAsika aura lokaprasiddhi kI dRSTiyoM se nirgrantha zabda kA artha digambarajaina muni hI hai| vastutaH zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti ke pUrva nirgranthasaMgha ke sabhI sAdhu acela hote the, ataH 'nirgrantha' zabda 'jainasAdhu' kA paryAyavAcI bana gayA thaa| isalie jaba nirgranthasaMgha ke kucha sAdhuoM ne vastrapAtra dhAraNa kara zvetAmbarasaMgha banA liyA, taba bhI unhoMne jainasAdhu ke rUpa meM apanI pahacAna karAne hetu apane lie 'nigrantha' zabda kA prayoga pracalita rkhaa| kintu yaha prayoga unake zAstroM taka hI sImita rhaa| isa nAma se ve apane saMgha ko loka-prasiddha nahIM kara sake, kyoMki yaha nAma pahale se hI acela (digambara) jainazramaNoM ke lie prasiddha thA, sAtha hI yaha zvetAmbaroM kI sAmpradAyika viziSTatA ke vijJApana meM bhI bAdhaka thaa| isalie unhoMne apane saMgha ko zvetapaTa-zramaNasaMgha nAma se prasiddha kiyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [tirasaTha] adhyAya 3-zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA zvetAmbarasAhitya meM aise aneka ullekha milate haiM, jinase digambarajainamata kI prAcInatA aura zvetAmbaramata se pUrvavartitA siddha hotI hai| udAharaNArtha 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, bRhatkalpasUtra ke laghubhASya Adi zvetAmbaragranthoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ko sarvathA acela varNita kiyA gayA hai| (adhyAya 3/pr.1/shii.4)| yadyapi Avazyakaniyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi ke anusAra sabhI tIrthaMkara eka vastra lekara pravrajita hote haiM, tathApi vaha vastra kucha samaya bAda cyuta ho jAtA hai aura tIrthaMkara antataH acela avasthA meM hI mukta hote haiN| sacelamukti kI mAnyatA zvetAmbaramata kA viziSTa siddhAnta hai| usake anusAra tIrthaMkara bhI sacela hone para mukta ho sakate haiN| jaba sAmAnya strIpuruSa sacela hote hue mukta ho sakate haiM, taba tIrthaMkara jaisI sAtizaya AtmA sacela hote hue mukta na ho, yaha to socA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| ataH zvetAmbaramata meM tIrthaMkaroM ko acela mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM thaa| phira bhI mAnA gayA hai| yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki zvetAmbarasaMgha pahale usI nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha kA abhinna aMga thA jisameM tIrthaMkara sarvathA acelamudrAdhArI mAne gaye haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI yaha nagna-mudrA lokaprasiddha thI, vaidikaparamparA aura bauddhaparamparA meM bhI prasiddha thii| ataH zvetAmbara ise amAnya nahIM kara sakate the| isa kAraNa unheM tIrthaMkaroM ko sarvathA acela hI svIkAra karanA par3A, yadyapi pravrajita hote samaya unheM kucha samaya ke lie devadUSyadhArI mAna hI liyaa| ataH zvetAmbarasAhitya meM tIrthaMkaroM ke acelatva kI svIkRti zvetAmbaraparamparA para digambaraparamparA ke prabhAva ko spaSTataH parilakSita karatI hai| yaha digambaraparamparA ke pUrvabhAva kA spaSTa pramANa hai| 2. uttarAdhyayanasUtra Adi zvetAmbaragranthoM meM prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ko kevala acelakadharma kA upadezaka tathA zeSa 22 tIrthaMkaroM ko acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kA upadezaka batalAyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3/pra.1 / shii.5)| dazavaikAlikasUtra (6/19-20) ke anusAra zvetAmbaramata sAdhu ke vastra, pAtra, kambala Adi dhAraNa karane ko parigraha nahIM mAnatA, apitu saMyama aura lajjA kI rakSA kA sAdhana mAnatA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3/ pra.1/ shii.8)| isa prakAra jaba use sacelamukti mAnya hai, taba tIrthaMkaroM ko acelakadharma kA upadezaka batalAnA Avazyaka nahIM thaa| sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ko mAtra saceladharma kA hI upadeSTA prarUpita karanA yuktisaMgata thaa| kintu acelakadharma kA upadezaka batalAyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa bhI yahI hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra paryanta caubIsoM tIrthaMkara acelakadharma ke hI upadeSTA ke rUpa meM lokaprasiddha the| unake anuyAyI muni bhI nirgrantha nAma se jAne jAte the aura nirgrantha zabda jainasampradAya ke atirikta vaidika aura bauddha sampradAyoM meM bhI nagna jainamuniyoM ke lie hI prasiddha For Personal & Private Use Only

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thaa| [cauMsaTha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 thaa| (dekhiye, adhyAya 2/pra.6 tathA adhyAya 4) / itane bar3e satya kA apalApa muzkila isIlie zvetAmbarAcAryoM ko apane sAhitya meM isa satya kA ullekha karanA par3A, yadyapi uttaravartI granthakAroM evaM TIkAkAroM ne acelakadharma ko saceladharma siddha karane kA asvAbhAvika prayAsa kiyA hai| zvetAmbarasAhitya meM tIrthaMkaroM ko acelaka-dharma kA upadezaka prarUpita kiyA jAnA isa bAta kA jvalanta pramANa hai ki acelakadharma arthAt digambaradharma kI paramparA zvetAmbara-sAhitya ke racanAkAla se parvavartI hai| 3. AcArAMga aura sthAnAMga meM acelatva ko sacelatva se zreSTha batalAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM kahA gayA hai- ka-acelaka kI pratilekhanA alpa hotI hai, kha-acelaka kA lAghava prazasta hotA hai, ga-acelakaveza vizvAsa ke yogya hotA hai, gha-acelaka kA tapa anujJAta (jina-anumata) hotA hai, Ga-acelaka ke vipula indriyanigraha hotA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3 /pra.1 / shii.7)| AcArAMga kA kathana hai ki acela bhikSu ko aneka prakAra ke parISaha hote haiM, inheM bhalIbhA~ti sahana kara vaha karmoM ke bhAra se mukta ho jAtA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3 / pra.1 / shii.6)| TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya ne AcArAMgokta acela zabda kA alpacela artha kiyA hai, kintu AcArAMga meM alpacela ko 'acela' nahIM kahA gayA hai, apitu sarvathA celarahita ko hI 'acela' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3/pr.1/shii.6)| sacelamukti mAnanevAle zvetAmbaramata ke granthoM meM acelatva ko zreSTha pratipAdita kiyA jAnA zvetAmbarAcAryoM ke prAcIna digambarIya saMskAroM kI abhivyakti kA sUcaka hai| 4. AcArAMga meM dravyaparigraha ko bhI parigraha batalAte hue kahA gayA hai-"loka meM jitane bhI parigrahavAle muni haiM, unakA parigraha thor3A ho yA bahuta, sUkSma ho yA sthUla, cetana ho yA acetana, ve saba ina parigrahavAle gRhasthoM meM hI antarbhUta hote haiN| yaha parigraha inake lie mahAbhaya kA kAraNa hai| saMsAra kI dazA jAnakara ise chodd'o| jisake pAsa yaha parigraha nahIM hotA, use mahAbhaya nahIM hotaa|" (dekhiye, adhyAya 3 / pra.1 /shii.8)| parigraha kI yaha paribhASA dazavaikAlikasUtra (6/19-20) meM varNita usa paribhASA ke viparIta hai, jisameM vastra, pAtra, kambala Adi bAhya dravyoM ko parigraha na kahakara kevala mUrchA ko parigraha kahA gayA hai| bAhya dravyoM ke parigraha ko bhI parigraha mAnanevAlI AcArAMga-gata yaha paribhASA sarvathA digambaramatAnurUpa hai| yaha zvetAmbara bandhuoM ke anta:karaNa para par3e hue prAcIna digambarIya saMskAroM ke prakaTa hone kA pramANa hai, jisase sUcita hotA hai ki digambaramata zvetAmbaramata se pUrvavartI hai| 5. sthAnAMga meM upadeza hai ki kevala tIna paristhitiyoM meM vastra dhAraNa karanA caahie| ve tIna paristhitiyA~ haiM : hrIpratyaya (lajjA kA anubhava), jugupsApratyaya (lokanindA For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [paiMsaTha] kA bhaya), tathA parISahapratyaya (zItAdi kI pIr3A sahane meM asamarthatA)-"tihiM ThANehiM vatthaM dhaarejjaa| taM jahA hirivattiyaM, duguMchAvattiyaM, priisshvttiyN|" (sthA.sU./3/3/ 347/150) / yadi ukta tIna paristhitiyA~ na hoM to sAdhu ko nagna hI rahanA caahie| AcArAMga meM bhI aisA hI kahA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3/pra.1 / shii.6)| isa prakAra zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM bhI digambaratva kA hI mukhyataH vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vastradhAraNa kI anumati to kAraNAzrita hone se ApavAdika hai| vastutaH digambaratva yA acelatva kI avadhAraNA ke binA jainamata kI avadhAraNA sAkAra nahIM hotii| digambaratva hI jainamata kA prANa hai| zvetAmbaradRSTi meM bhI jaina nAma ke sAtha digambaratva kI avadhAraNA racI-pacI hai, isIlie sampUrNa zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM acelatva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, acelatva kI carcA kI gayI hai, acelatva kI nayI-nayI vyAkhyAe~ kara saceloM para acelatva ghaTAyA gayA hai, acelatva ko jinakalpa nAma dekara use vyucchinna ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha ki zvetAmbaparamparA acelatva ko AcaraNa se bahiSkRta karake bhI usakI avadhAraNA se pIchA nahIM chur3A paayii| yaha isa bAta kA jvalanta pramANa hai ki zvetAmbaraparamparA digambaraparamparA se udbhUta huI hai, isIlie usake sahitya meM digambaradRSTi kA raMga bikharA huA dikhAyI detA hai| 6. jahA~ zvetAmbarIya AcArAMga aura sthAnAMgasUtra meM acelatva kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana kara tathA uttarAdhyayana Adi meM prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ko acelakadharma kA upadezaka batalAkara digambarajainamata kI pUrvavartitA sUcita kI gayI hai, vahIM dazavakAlikasUtra Adi katipaya granthoM meM digambaramAnya siddhAntoM kA khaNDana kara digambaramata kA pUrvavartitva darzAyA gayA hai| yathA_ka-zvetAmbaramAnyatAnusAra vIranirvANa ke lagabhaga 75 varSa bAda (452 I0 pU0) hue AcArya zayyambhava ne apane dazavakAlikasUtra meM likhA hai jaM pi vatthaM va pAyaM vA kaMbalaM paaypuNchnnN| taM pi saMjamalajjaTThA dhAraMti pariharaMti a|| 6/19 // na so pariggaho vutto NAyaputteNa taainnaa| mucchA pariggaho vutto ia vuttaM mhesinnaa|| 6/20 // anuvAda-'sAdhu jo bhI vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdaprauJchana (rajoharaNa) dhAraNa karatA hai aura upabhoga karatA hai, usakA prayojana saMyama aura lajjA kA pAlana hai| saMyama-lajjA-pAlaka vastrapAtrAdi ke rakhane ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne parigraha nahIM kahA hai, apitu unameM mUrchA karane ko parigraha kahA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[chiyAsaTha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 ___ ina gAthAoM meM AcArya zayyambhava ne parigrahaviSayaka eka mAnyatA kA khaNDana kara dUsarI mAnyatA kI sthApanA kI hai, isase siddha hai ki unake samaya meM vastrapAtra-kambala Adi rakhane ko parigraha mAnanevAlI digambarIya vicAradhArA pracalita thii| yaha digambarajainamata ke pUrvavartitva kA pramANa hai| kha-vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi granthoM meM acelakadharma ko jinakalpa kA nAma dekara yaha ghoSita kiyA gayA hai ki vaha (antima anubaddha kevalI) jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda vyucchinna ho gyaa| yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki acelakaparamparA arthAt digambaraparamparA jambUsvAmI ke pUrva vidyamAna thii| ga-uttarAdhyayanasUtra Adi granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ne acelakadharma kA upadeza diyA thA aura zeSa bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kaa| jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa Adi zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne ina zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki sAmAnya sAdhuoM ke prasaMga meM acelaka zabda zveta-jIrNavastradhArI sacela artha kA tathA sacela zabda bahumUlya-paMcavarNa-vastradhArI sacela artha kA vAcaka hai| (adhyAya 3 / pra.2 / zI. 3.2 tathA 14) / yaha vyAkhyA prAkRta-saMskRta bhASAoM tathA lokabhASA ke viruddha hai, ataH aprAmANika hai| isa kapolakalpita vyAkhyA ke dvArA ina AcAryoM ne acelakadharma arthAt digambarajainaparamparA ke astitva ko mithyA siddha karane kI koziza kI hai, kintu isI koziza se siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbarasAhitya ukta paramparA se suparicita hai| yaha usake pUrvabhAva kA sabUta hai| gha-vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM acelatva ko saMyamAdi kA ghAtaka aura vastradhAraNa ko saMyamasAdhaka batalAyA gayA hai aura isalie vastrapAtrAdi ke mUrchAhetu hone kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai| (adhyAya 3/pra.2 / shii.6,7,10)| ina digambara-mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana zvetAmbarasAhitya ke digambaramata se abhijJa hone kA pramANa hai| Da.-vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAmAnya muniyoM ke lie tIrthaMkaraliMga arthAt nagnamudrA grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| (adhyAya 3 /pra.2 / shii.9)| isase siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbarasAhitya tIrthaMkaraliMga dhAraNa karanevAle digambaramuniyoM kI paramparA se paricita hai| yaha digambaraparamparA ke pUrvavartitva ko siddha karatA hai| ca-digambaramatAnusAra nAgnyaliMga dhAraNakara kAmavikAra ko jItanA nAgnyaparISahajaya yA acelaparISahajaya hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM isakA khaNDana kara aneSaNIya vastra dhAraNa na kara eSaNIya vastra dhAraNa karane ko acelaparISahajaya kahA gayA hai| (adhyAya 3/pra.2 / zI. 13) / isa prakAra acelaparISahajaya kI digambaramAnya paribhASA kA khaNDana siddha karatA hai ki zvetAmbarasAhitya digambaramata se suparicita hai, ataH usakI paramparA bahuta purAnI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [sar3asaTha] isa taraha zvetAmbarajainasAhitya meM digambarajainamAnyatAoM ke sakArAtmaka aura nakArAtmaka donoM rUpoM meM ullekha milate haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki digambarajainaparamparA zvetAmbarasAhitya (AcArAMga, sthAnAMga, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi) ke racanAkAla se pUrvavartI hai| 7. dazavaikAlikasUtra evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vastrapAtrakambala Adi upadhi ko saMyama kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai, ata eva use mUrchA kA ahetu mAnakara parigraha kI paribhASA se alaga kara diyA gayA hai| kintu vastrapAtrAdi saMyama ke sAdhana nahIM haiM, apitu asaMyama ke hetu haiM tathA dhyAna, nirjarA evaM mokSa meM bAdhaka haiM, yaha nimnalikhita kAraNoM se siddha hotA hai ka-vastrAdi kA grahaNa zItAdi-parISahapIr3A se bacane ke lie arthAt dehasukha kI prApti ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| dehasukha kI icchA rAga hai aura rAga asaMyama hai| vastrAdi ke paribhoga se unameM jIvoM kI utpatti hotI hai, jinakI zarIra se ragar3a hone para evaM vastroM ke dhone-sukhAne Adi se hiMsA hotI hai| isa taraha vastraparibhoga asaMyama kA hetu hai| kha-vastrAdiparigraha coroM se bhaya utpanna karatA hai, surakSA kI cintA paidA karatA hai, yAcanA evaM dhone-sukhAne Adi kI AkulatA utpanna karatA hai| ina apadhyAnoM kA hetu hone se vastrAdiparigraha dhyAna-adhyayana meM bAdhaka hai| __ga-vastra dhAraNa karane se zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka Adi parISaha nahIM ho pAte, jisase parISahajaya kA avasara na mila pAne se nirjarA meM bAdhA utpanna hotI hai| parISahapIr3AnivAraka vastuoM kA upabhoga mUrchA kA lakSaNa hai, kyoMki vaha zArIrika duHkhanivRtti evaM deha-sukhaprApti kI icchA se prerita hotA hai| gha-vastrAdi parigraha saMyama meM bAdhaka hone se hI mokSa meM bAdhaka hai| isIlie tIrthaMkaroM ne usakA tyAga kiyA thaa| tIrthaMkaroM ke lie mokSa meM bAdhaka hone se siddha hai ki sAmAnya sAdhuoM ke lie bhI vastrAdiparigraha mokSa meM bAdhaka hai, isalie unake dvArA bhI vaha tyAjya hai| isa taraha vastrAdiparigraha ke mokSa meM bAdhaka hone se siddha hai ki uttarAdhyayana Adi meM tIrthaMkaroM dvArA jisa acelakadharma ke upadeza diye jAne kA ullekha hai, vaha apane nAmArtha ke anurUpa acelaka hI hai, sacela nhiiN| aura isalie acelaka dharma kI paramparA arthAt digambarajaina paramparA, isa kA ullekha karanevAle AcArAMgasUtra, sthAnAMgasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra Adi zvetAmbara-sAhitya se pUrvavartI hai| Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ar3asaTha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 adhyAya 4-jainetara sAhitya meM digambara jaina muniyoM kI carcA jainetara sAhitya arthAt vaidika, bauddha evaM saMskRta sAhitya meM upalabdha pramANoM se bhI digambarajainamata kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| vaidika sAhitya se tAtparya vedoM ke anuyAyI sampradAya ke sAhitya se hai| vartamAna meM isa sampradAya kA nAma hindUsampradAya hai, jo isakA paramparAgata athavA maulika nAma nahIM hai| 'hindU' zabda sindhu nadI evaM usake Asa-pAsa ke pradeza ke lie bhArata meM AnevAle IrAniyoM ke mukha se nikalA asvAbhAvika zabda hai, kyoMki ve 'sa' kA uccAraNa 'ha' karate the| hindUsampradAya kA paramparAgata, maulika nAma vedAnuyAyI hone ke kAraNa vaidikasampradAya hai| vaidika purANoM aura saMskRtasAhitya meM jainoM, bauddhoM aura cArvAkoM ko vedabAhya aura avaidika nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isase siddha hai ki vedAnuyAyI sampradAya apane ko vaidika zabda se abhihita karatA thaa| isake anusAra prastuta grantha meM veda, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka, upaniSad Adi ke atirikta vedoM ko pramANa mAnanevAle rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANa Adi dhArmika grantha vaidika sAhitya meM parigaNita kiye gaye haiM tathA saMskRta meM likhita gadya, padya nATya Adi kAvyAtmaka sAhitya saMskRtasAhitya ke antargata rakhA gayA hai| vaidikasAhitya evaM saMskRtasAhitya meM Rgveda se lekara 11vIM zatAbdI I0 taka ke bIsa se adhika granthoM meM digambarajaina muniyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| eka purANa meM zvetAmbaramuniyoM kI bhI carcA hai| jina granthoM meM ye ullekha haiM, unake racanAkAla tathA jina aitihAsika yA paurANika mAnava-pAtroM ke sAtha digambarajaina muniyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, unake sthitikAla se digambarajainamata kI prAcInatA kA nizcaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| digambaramata ke granthoM meM batalAyA gayA hai ki digambarajaina muni yathAjAtarUpadhara (janma ke samaya jaisA rUpa hotA hai, vaise sarvAMganirvastra nagnarUpa ko dhAraNa karanevAle) hote haiM, unake hAtha meM mayUrapicchI hotI hai, tathA jaba koI unakI vandanA karatA hai, taba ve use dharmavRddhi ho yaha AzIrvAda dete haiN| isI prakAra zvetAmbaragranthoM meM zvetAmbaramuni ko vastra, pAtra, mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa, kambala Adi aneka upakaraNoM kA dhArI tathA dharmalAbha kA AzIrvAda denevAlA varNita kiyA gayA hai| vaidikasAhitya evaM saMskRtasAhitya meM digambara aura zvetAmbara muni isI rUpa meM citrita kiye gaye haiN| donoM sAhityoM ko mizrita kara kAlakramAnusAra udAharaNa nIce diye jA rahe haiM Rgveda (10 / 136 / 2-3) meM 'munayo vAtarazanAH pizaMgA vasate malA' Adi zabdoM se digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| vAtarazana kA artha hai vAyurUpI kaTivastradhArI arthAt ngn| Rgveda meM ziznadeva zabda se nagna devoM (tIrthaMkaroM) kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [unahattara] atharvaveda evaM brAhmaNagranthoM meM yati evaM vrAtya zabda digambarajaina muniyoM kA astitva dyotita karate haiN| taittirIyAraNyaka meM bhI vAtarazana zramaNa nAma se digambarajaina muniyoM kA abhidhAna huA hai| 800 IsApUrva ke maharSi yAska-viracita nighaNTu meM digambarajaina muniyoM ko digambara evaM vAtavasana (vAyurUpI-vastradhArI) zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| mahAbhArata (500 I0 pU0-100 I0 pU0) meM uttaMka RSi ke kuNDaloM kA apaharaNa karane ke lie takSaka nAga dvArA nagnakSapaNaka (digambarajaina sAdhu) kA rUpa dhAraNa kiye jAne kA varNana hai| yaha ghaTanA hindUkAlagaNanA ke anusAra dvAparayuga kI arthAt Aja se ATha lAkha cauMsaTha hajAra varSa pUrva kI hai| isase digambarajaina-paramparA kI atiprAcInatA prakaTa hotI hai| tathA IsApUrva-racita mahAbhArata grantha meM nagnakSapaNaka kA ullekha hone se bhI digambarajainamata kA IsApUrvavartI honA siddha hai| nagnakSapaNaka yA kSapaNaka zabda samasta digambarajaina granthoM, zvetAmbarajaina granthoM, vaidika granthoM evaM saMskRta gadya-padya-nATya sAhitya meM digambara jaina muni ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| zvetAmbarAcArya zrI vijayAnanda sUrIzvara 'AtmArAma' jI ne apane tattvanirNayaprAsAda grantha meM nagnakSapaNaka zabda ko zvetAmbara-jinakalpI sAdhu kA vAcaka aura muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne kSapaNaka (kSamaNa > kSapaNa > kSapaNaka) zabda ko yApanIyasAdhu kA paryAyavAcI mAnA hai, ye donoM mAnyatAe~ aprAmANika haiN| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4 / prakaraNa 1 / zIrSaka 28 evaM 30 tathA adhyAya 4 / prakaraNa 2 / zIrSaka 19) / cANakyazataka (400 I0 pU0) meM "nagnakSapaNake deze rajakaH kiM kariSyati" ina zabdoM meM digambarajaina muni kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| paJcatantra (300 I0) ke aparIkSitakAraka kI maNibhadrazreSThikathA meM digambarajaina muniyoM kA varNana hai, jo unake lie prayukta nagnaka, kSapaNaka aura digambara zabdoM se tathA unake dvArA diye gaye dharmavRddhi ke AzIrvAda se sUcita hotA hai| bhAsakRta nATaka avimAraka meM 'jadi vatthaM avaNemi samaNao homi' (yadi maiM vastra utAra dUM, to zramaNa bana jAU~gA) isa vAkya dvArA digambarajaina muni kI carcA kI gayI hai| matsyapurANa (300 I0) meM digambarajaina sAdhu ke lie niSkaccha, nirgrantha aura nagna zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| viSNupurANa 300-400 I0 kI racanA hai| usameM devAsura-saMgrAma ke pUrva asuroM ko digambarajainadharma meM dIkSita kiye jAne kA varNana hai| vaidika padmapurANa ke anusAra chaThe manvantara meM utpanna rAjA vena ne digambarajainadharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| eka manvantara Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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[sattara] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 43 lAkha, bIsa hajAra varSoM kA hotA hai| isa samaya sAtavA~ manvantara cala rahA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki digambarajaina-paramparA lAkhoM varSa purAnI hai| mudrArAkSasa nAmaka nATaka (400-500 I0) meM digambara jaina sAdhu ko kSapaNaka aura bIbhatsadarzana (nagna hone ke kAraNa kurUpa) zabdoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vAyupurANa (500 I0) meM digambarajaina muni nagna evaM nirgrantha zabdoM se, varAhamihirabRhatsaMhitA (490 I0) meM nagna, digvAsas aura nirgrantha nAmoM se tathA bhAgavatapurANa (600 I0) meM vAtarazana zramaNa evaM gaganaparidhAna saMjJAoM se varNita haiN| saMskRta ke suprasiddha gadyakavi bANabhaTTa (7 vIM zatI I0) ne kAdambarI aura harSacarita nAmaka gadyagranthoM meM kSapaNaka, Arhata, nagnATaka aura mayUrapicchadhArI zabdoM se digambarajaina muniyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| kUrmapurANa (700 I0) evaM brahmANDapurANa meM unake lie nirgrantha aura nagna zabda prayukta hue haiN| liMgapurANa meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko nagna nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| nyAyakusumAJjali nAmaka nyAyagrantha meM udayanAcArya (984 I0) ne nirAvaraNa aura digambara zabda prayukta kara, nyAyamaJjarI nAmaka nyAya grantha meM jayantabhaTTa (1000 I0) ne digambara kahakara aura kRSNamizra ne prabodhacandrodaya (1065 I0) nAmaka nATaka meM vimuktavasana, kSapaNaka tathA digambara abhidhAnoM se digambarajaina sAdhuoM kI carcA kI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaidikayuga se lekara IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI taka ke vaidika evaM saMskRta sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| ataH digambarajaina-paramparA vaidikakAla (kama se kama 1500 I0 pU0) se pUrvavartI hai| mahAbhArata aura vaidika padmapurANa ke AkhyAnoM ke anusAra to digambarajaina-paramparA dvAparayuga (Aja se ATha lAkha cauMsaTha hajAra varSa pUrva) tathA chaThe manvantara (Aja se lAkhoM varSa pUrva) meM vidyamAna thii| zvetAmbarAcArya zrI vijayAnanda sUrIzvara 'AtmArAma' jI (I0 san 1920 ke lagabhaga) ne mahAbhArata meM ullikhita nagnakSapaNaka ko zvetAmbaraparamparA kA jinakalpika sAdhu mAnA hai| (tattvanirNayaprAsAda / pR.514)| kintu yaha sarvathA asamIcIna hai| sampUrNa digambarIya, zvetAmbarIya, vaidika evaM saMskRta sAhitya tathA zabdakoSoM meM kSapaNaka zabda digambarajaina muni ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/ pra.1 / zI. 5) / zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne kSapaNaka zabda ko yApanIyasAdhu kA vAcaka batalAyA hai| yaha bhI sarvathA mithyA hai| kisI bhI sampradAya ke sAhitya meM yA kisI bhI saMskRta yA prAkRta ke zabdakoza meM 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA artha 'yApanIya sAdhu' nahIM batalAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta bhAratIya sAhitya meM 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga yApanIyoM Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ikahattara] kI utpatti ke bahuta pahale se milatA hai| 'mahAbhArata' kI racanA I0 pU0 400 se I0 pU0 100 ke bIca huI thii| isameM nagnakSapaNaka kA ullekha hai, jaba ki yApanIyasampradAya kI utpatti IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM huI thii| (dekhiye, adhyAya 7 / pra.1/ zI. 10) / AjivikasAdhu kI bhI kSapaNaka saMjJA saMbhava nahIM hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/ pra.1 / shii.33)| bauddha piTakasAhitya meM IsApUrva chaThI zatI ke buddhavacanoM kA saMkalana hai, jo IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI meM lipibaddha ho cukA thaa| usake antargata suttapiTaka ke aMguttaranikAya nAmaka grantha meM nirgranthoM (digambarajaina muniyoM) ko ahirikA (ahrIka-nirlajja) kahA gayA hai, jisase unakA nagna rahanA sUcita hotA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM hI unheM acela zabda se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| prathama zatI I0 ke bauddhagrantha divyAvadAna meM nirgranthoM ko nagna vicaraNa karanevAlA varNita kiyA gayA hai| dhammapada-aTThakathA (4-5vIM zatI I0) kI visAkhAvatthu-kathA meM bhI nirgranthoM ko nagnavezadhArI hI batalAyA gayA hai tathA AryazUra (cauthI zatI I0) ne saMskRta meM racita jAtakamAlA meM nigranthoM ko vastradhAraNa karane ke kaSTa se mukta kahA hai| kintu , muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne ina bauddhagranthoM meM upalabdha nagna nirgranthoM ke ullekhoM ko yApanIya sAdhuoM kA ullekha mAnA hai, jo atyanta aprAmANika hai| nirgrantha aura yApanIya bhinna sampradAyoM ke nAma haiM, yaha pA~cavI zatI I0 ke kadambavaMzI rAjA mRgezavarmA ke halsI tAmrapatralekha (kra. 99) se spaSTa hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/ pra. 2 / shii.19)| tathA yApanIyasampradAya kA udaya IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM huA thA, jaba ki divyAvadAna IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kA grantha hai| tathA unhoMne (muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne) zvetAmbarasampradAya kI prAcInatA pramANita karane ke lie bauddhagrantha aMguttaranikAya meM varNita 'nigaNThA ekasATakA' ityAdi vAkya meM Aye ekasATaka (ekazATaka) zabda ko nirgrantha kA vizeSaNa mAnakara ekavastradhArI zvetAmbarasAdhu kA bodhaka mAna liyA hai, jo unakI mahAn bhrAnti hai| aura digambara jaina vidvAn kAmatAprasAda jI jaina ne yaha samajha liyA hai ki vaha nirgranthasampradAya ke kSullaka nAmaka utkRSTa zrAvaka kA vAcaka hai| yaha bhI bhrAntipUrNa dhAraNA hai| 'ekasATaka' zabda 'nirgrantha' kA vizeSaNa nahIM hai, apitu nirgranthoM se bhinna ekasATaka (eka vastradhArI) nAma se prasiddha sampradAya-vizeSa ke sAdhuoM kA bodhaka svataMtra zabda hai| yaha suttapiTaka-khuddakanikAya ke udAnapAli nAmaka prAcIna grantha se siddha hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/ pra.2 / shii.8)| isI prakAra majjhimanikAyapAli (1. mUlapaNNAsaka) ke mahAsaccakasutta meM nirgranthaputra saccaka ('saccako nigaNThaputto'), acelaka aura pANitalabhojI AjIvika For Personal & Private Use Only

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[bahattara] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 sAdhuoM ke AcAragata doSoM kA varNana karatA hai| nirgranthaputra saccaka nirgrantha-sampradAya ke (nirgranthoM ke anuyAyI) zrAvaka kA gRhastha putra thaa| kintu muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne usake sAtha 'nirgrantha' zabda jur3A hone se use nirgrantha-sAdhu mAna liyA aura nirNaya de diyA ki 'saccaka' zvetAmbara jaina sAdhu thA, kyoMki yadi vaha digambarajaina sAdhu hotA, to acelatva aura paNitalabhojitva kA upahAsa nahIM krtaa| muni jI kA yaha nirNaya samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki saccaka nirgrantha sAdhu nahIM thA, apitu nirgrantha sampradAya kA zrAvaka thA, yaha usake nirgranthaputra vizeSaNa se hI spaSTa hai| dUsare, usane Ajivika sAdhuoM ke acelakatva aura pANitalabhojitva kI nindA nahIM kI, apitu svecchAcAra evaM bhojana karate samaya hAtha cATane Adi azobhanIya pravRttiyoM kI nindA kI hai| isake atirikta dIghanikAyapAli (bhAga 1) ke mahAsIhanAdasutta meM acela kAzyapa acela (nagna nirgrantha) sAdhu hote hue bhI Ajivika sAdhuoM ke ukta AcAra kI nindA karate haiN| isase acela kAzyapa kA sacela zvetAmbara sAdhu honA siddha nahIM hotaa| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/ pra. 2 / zI. 9, 10, 11) / tathA muni kalyANavijaya jI kA yaha kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai ki bauddhasAhitya meM kahIM bhI jainazrAvakoM ko 'nigaNTha' zabda se abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| nigaNThaputta zabda saccaka ke nirgranthasampradAya ke zrAvakaputra hone kA hI sUcaka hai, kyoMki muniyoM ke putra nahIM hote| jAtaka aTThakathA (tRtIyabhAga) kI cUlakAliGga-jAtakavaNNanA meM bhI nirgrantha-sampradAya ke zrAvaka ko nirgrantha zabda se evaM zrAvikA ko nirgranthI zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/pra.2 / zI. 12) / zvetAmbaramuni zrI nagarAja jI ne dhammapada-aTThakathA kI nigaMThavatthu evaM kuNDalakesittherIvatthu meM tathA therIgAthA-aTThakathA kI bhaddAkuNDalakesA-therIgAthAvaNNanA meM vastradhArI nirgranthoM kI carcA hone kI bAta kahI hai, kintu yaha satya nahIM hai| ina tInoM kathAoM meM 'nigaNTha' zabda ke sAtha 'vastradhArI' vizeSaNa nahIM hai| dhammapada-aTThakathA kI nigaMThavatthu aTThakathA meM to spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki ye nirgrantha hrIkaupInAGga (lajjAjanaka gopanIya aMga) ko pracchAdita nahIM krte| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/pra.2/ zI. 16, 17) / ___ isa prakAra bauddhasAhitya meM zvetAmbaramuniyoM ko kahIM bhI 'nirgrantha' zabda se abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| suttapiTaka-khuddakanikAya ke hI azokakAlIna (athavA IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI meM racita) apadAna nAmaka grantha meM zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke lie setavattha (zvetavastra) saMjJA prayukta kI gayI hai| (adhyAya 4/pra.2 / zI. 1, 2) / vaidika purANoM meM bhI unake lie 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| zvetAmbarasAdhu kA varNana kevala zivamahApurANa meM milatA hai| usameM unheM 'nirgrantha' zabda se abhihita For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ tihattara ] na kara mlAnavastra, tuNDavastra ( mukhavastrikA ), gumphipAtra, aura mArjanI (rajoharaNa) dhAraNa karanevAlA tathA 'dharmalAbha' kA AzIrvAda denevAlA, ina vizeSaNoM se varNita kiyA gayA hai / (adhyAya 4 / pra. 1 / zI. 29) / IsApUrva chaThI zatI ke tripiTaka - saMgRhIta buddhavacanoM meM nirgranthoM ko ahIka, acela aura nagna vizeSaNoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai, isase siddha hai ki digambarajainaparamparA IsApUrva chaThI zatI se pUrvavartI hai| adhyAya 5 - purAtattva meM digambara- paramparA ke pramANa sindhughATI ke utkhanana meM mohena-jo-dar3o aura har3appA se I0 pU0 2400 varSa pahale kI sabhyatA ke jo avazeSa prApta hue haiM, unameM har3appA se eka mastakavihIna kAyotsarga - dhyAnamudrA meM nagna mUrti bhI upalabdha huI hai| purAtattvavidoM kA mata hai ki vaha jaina tIrthaMkara yA digambarajaina sAdhu kI pratimA hai| lohAnIpura ( paTanA, bihAra) meM bhI bilakula aisI hI mauryakAlIna ( I0 pU0 tRtIya zatAbdI kI ) nagna jinapratimA prApta huI hai| donoM pratimAoM meM Azcaryajanaka sAmya hai| isase isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki har3appA se prApta ukta pratimA jinapratimA hI hai / ye prAcIna nagna jinapratimAe~ isa bAta kA sabUta haiM ki digambarajaina - na - paramparA IsApUrva 2400 varSa tathA IsApUrva 300 varSa se bhI purAnI hai / zvetAmbara - paramparA meM nagna jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa kabhI nahIM huA, kyoM zvetAmbara nagnatva ko azlIla evaM lokamaryAdA ke viruddha mAnate haiN| isalie unhoMne yaha kalpanA kI hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kA nagna zarIra divya zubhaprabhA - maNDala se Dha~ka jAtA hai, phalasvarUpa ve nagna dikhAI nahIM dete| zvetAmbaragrantha pravacanaparIkSA ke anusAra giranAratIrtha ke svAmitva ko lekara hue vivAda (saMbhavata: chaThI zatI I0) ke pUrva taka jinapratimAe~ bhI aisI hI banAyI jAtI thIM, jinameM jinendra na to savastra dikhAI dete the, na nagna / arthAt pratimAoM meM guhyAMgoM vAlA bhAga sapATa rakhA jAtA thaa| jina tIrthaMkara - pratimAoM meM guhyAMga dikhAI dete hoM, ve zvetAmbara - matAnusAra jinasadRza na hone se jinabimba nahIM kahalA sakatI thIM, phalasvarUpa ve unake lie pUjya nahIM ho sakatI thiiN| isa kAraNa jaba IsApUrva dvitIya - tRtIya zatI meM zvetAmbaramatAnuyAyI samrAT samprati ne sarvaprathama zvetAmbara jina - pratimAoM aura mandiroM kA sampUrNa bhArata meM nirmANa karAyA, taba anagna aura nirvastra jinapratimAe~ hI banavAyIM / (a. 5 / pra.1 / zI. 1, 2, 3) / yadyapi DaoN0 yU0 pI0 zAha evaM sthAnakavAsI - sampradAya ke zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI kA kathana hai ki aisI eka bhI jinapratimA Aja taka kisI mandira meM yA utkhanana meM upalabdha nahIM huii| isa tathya ke AdhAra para AcArya zrI hastImala jI ne apanA yaha mantavya vyakta kiyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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[cauhattara] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 hai ki vastutaH prAcInakAla meM zvetAmbarasampradAya meM mUrti-pUjA pracalita hI nahIM thI, isalie chaThI zatAbdI I0 ke pUrva taka zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM na to kisI jinapratimA kA nirmANa huA aura na koI jinamandira banavAyA gyaa| (a.5 / pra. 3 / zI. 2) / __ pratyakSapramANa se uparyukta kathana satya pratIta hotA hai| pravacanaparIkSA grantha meM zvetAmbaramuni upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI ne likhA hai ki giranAravivAda ke pazcAt jinapratimAoM ke svAmitva ke viSaya meM Age koI vivAda na ho, isa vicAra se zvetAmbaroM ne apane dvArA banavAyI jAnevAlI pratimAoM ke pAdamUla meM pallavacihna (vastrapaTTikA kA AkAra) banavAnA zurU kara diyA, tathA digambara svanirmApita pratimAoM meM liMgAdi-guhyAMgoM kI racanA karAne lge| (adhyAya 5/pra.1 / shii.2)| aisI jo zvetAmbara-jina-pratimAe~ upalabdha huI haiM, ve chaThI zatI I0 ke bAda hI nirmita huI haiN| mathurA ke kaMkAlITIle meM upalabdha kuSANakAlIna (prathama zatAbdI I0 kI) nagna tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ zvetAmbaroM dvArA pratiSThApita nahIM haiM, apitu jina tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke pAdapITha yA AyAgapaTTa para ardhaphAlakadhArI sAdhu kI mUrti utkIrNa hai, ve ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya dvArA pratiSThApita kI gayI thiiN| isa sampradAya ko nagna jinamUrtiyoM ke darzana-pUjana se paraheja nahIM thaa| anya nagna jinapratimAe~ digambaroM dvArA pratiSThApita huI thiiN| (adhyAya 5 / pra.1 / zI. 6,7,8) / IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pahale kI koI bhI guhyAMgAkAra-rahita athavA pallavacihnayukta jinapratimA upalabdha na hone se paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI, DaoN0 yU0 pI0 zAha, DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina Adi vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki IsA kI chaThI sadI ke pUrva taka digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM ke mandira aura pratimAe~ alaga-alaga nahIM thIM, ve eka hI mandira meM eka hI nagna jinapratimA kI pUjA-upAsanA karate the| (adhyAya 5/ pra.1/zI.2 evaM 9.1) / yaha mata pramANaviruddha hai| chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva bhI nirgranthoM, yApanIyoM aura kUrcakoM ke mandira alaga-alaga the aura unakA svAmitva alaga-alaga thA, yaha zilAlekhoM se pramANita hai| (adhyAya 5 / pra.1 / zI. 9.1) / ataH yadi zvetAmbarasaMgha bhI mUrtipUjaka thA, to IsA kI chaThI zatI ke pUrva usake bhI svatantra mandira rahe hoNge| ukta mata mAnavasvabhAva ke viruddha hone se ayuktiyukta bhI hai| jina saMghoM ke sAdhuoM kA savastramukti, strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi kI mAnyatAoM ke viSaya meM gaMbhIra matabheda hone ke kAraNa sAtha-sAtha rahanA dUbhara ho gayA thA, jinameM eka sAdhusaMgha mallinAtha ko strI mAnatA thA aura dUsarA puruSa, jo eka-dUsare ke AgamoM ko svakalpita batalAte the aura eka-dUsare ke mata ko mithyAmata, unakA kisI eka mandira meM pratidina pUjA-upAsanA karanA saMbhava nahIM thaa| kyoMki dhArmika virodhiyoM kA dhArmika sthala aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [pacahattara] dhArmika kriyAoM meM dainika sAnnidhya dhArmika matabhedoM kI yAda dilAtA hai aura unheM prakaTa hone kA avasara detA hai, jisase vivAda aura kalaha avazyaMbhAvI hai| tathA sAmUhika mandira aura use dAna meM milI sampatti svAmitva ke saMgharSa ko janma detI hai, jo hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| isalie vibhakta hue virodhI sampradAya aise avasaroM ko TAlate haiM, arthAt apane pUjA-upAsanA ke sthAna bhI alaga kara lete haiN| digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM ke sAmane aisI koI majabUrI bhI nahIM thI, ki itane gaMbhIra matabheda ke bAda bhI eka hI mandira meM apanI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha nirmita jinapratimA ko jinabimba mAnakara pUjate rhte| (adhyAya 5 / pra. 1 / zI. 9.2) / ukta mata siddhAnta-viruddha bhI hai| jo zvetAmbarasaMgha nagna jinapratimA ko jinabimba hI na mAnatA ho, usake dvArA usakI pUjA kiyA jAnA asaMbhava hai| vastutaH mandira to usI dina alaga-alaga ho gaye hoMge, jisa dina bhinna vicArAdhArA ko lekara sAdhuoM kA eka varga nirgranthasaMgha se alaga huA thaa| jahA~ puruSatIrthaMkara aura strItIrthaMkara ke matabheda evaM upAsanApaddhati kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa mandira hI matabheda kA kAraNa bana gayA ho, vahA~ sampradAyabheda ho jAne para bhI mandira alaga na ho, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi IsA kI chaThI sadI ke pahale kI zvetAmbara-siddhAntAnusAra banI jinapratimA upalabdha nahIM huI, to zvetAmbarAcArya hastImala jI kA yahI niSkarSa yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya taka zvetAmbarasampradAya meM mUrtipUjA pracalita nahIM huI thI, kintu yaha aTakala kadApi yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki usa samaya taka zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM ke maMdira alaga-alaga nahIM the aura ve eka hI mandira meM nagna jinapratimA kI pUjA-upAsanA karate the| abhiprAya yaha ki har3appA aura lohAnIpura se upalabdha nagna jinapratimAoM aura mathurA ke kaMkAlITIle se prApta kucha nagna tIrthaMkaramUrtiyoM se siddha hotA hai ki digambarajainaparamparA IsA se kama se kama DhAI hajAra varSa purAnI hai| abhilekhoM se bhI digambarajaina-paramparA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| samrATa azoka (IsApUrva tRtIya zatI) ke sAtaveM dehalI-ToparA-stambhalekha meM sabhI dhArmika sampradAyoM tathA brAhmaNoM, AjIvikoM aura nirgranthoM ke kalyANakArI kAryoM kI dekha-rekha ke lie dharmamahAmAtya niyukta kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke kadambavaMzI rAjA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke devagiri-tAmrapatralekha (kra. 98) meM likhita hai ki usane kAlavaMga nAmaka grAma kA ekabhAga jinAlaya ke liye, dUsarA bhAga zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha ke lie tathA tIsarAbhAga nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha ke lie dAna kiyA thaa| rAjA mRgezavarmA (470-490 I0) ke halsI-tAmrapatra-lekha (kra.99) meM yApanIyoM aura kUrcakoM ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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[chihattara] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 sAtha nirgranthoM ko bhUmidAna kA varNana hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 2/ pra.6 / zI. 2) / isa taraha abhilekha bhI isa tathya ke pramANa haiM ki nirgranthazramaNasaMgha arthAt digambarajainaparamparA samrATa azoka ke kAla (IsApUrva tRtIya zatAbdI) se pUrvavartI hai| adhyAya 6-digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa prAyaH sabhI digambarajainoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke phalasvarUpa huA thaa| kintu yaha dhAraNA saMzodhanIya hai| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM digambarazvetAmbara-bheda nahIM huA thA, apitu digambara-ardhaphAlaka-bheda huA thaa| digambarazvetAmbara-bheda to jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa (vIra ni0 saM0 62 = 465 I0 pU0) ke pazcAt hI ho gayA thaa| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki unake nirvANa ke pazcAt hI donoM sampradAyoM kI guru-ziSya-paramparA alaga-alaga ho gayI thii| digambara-paramparA meM jambUsvAmI ke bAda kramazaH viSNu, nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ina pA~ca zrutakevaliyoM ke nAma milate haiM, jaba ki zvetAmbaraparamparA meM prabhava, zayyambhava, yazobhadra, sambhUtivijaya aura bhadrabAhu ke nAma haiN| guru-ziSyaparamparA meM yaha bheda spaSTataH saMgha-bheda kA sUcaka hai| (a.6 / pra. 1 / zI. 3) / nirgranthasaMgha se pahalI bAra to zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti zItAdiparISahoM kI pIr3A sahane meM asamartha sAdhuoM ke acelatva ko chor3akara vastrapAtra-kambala Adi grahaNa kara lene se huI thI, kintu dUsarI bAra usase (nirgranthasaMgha se) ardhaphAlakasaMgha kA janma dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke kAraNa AhAraprApti meM utpanna kaThinAiyoM ke phalasvarUpa huA thaa| ardhaphAlaka sAdhu nagna rahate the, kintu vAyeM hAtha para sAmane kI ora AdhA vastra laTakAkara guhyAMga chipAte the| isa kAraNa ve ardhaphAlaka nAma se prasiddha hue| bhikSA lAne ke lie ve pAtra bhI rakhate the| unakA astitva IsA kI prathama zatAbdI taka banA rhaa| bAda meM ve zvetAmbara sampradAya meM vilIna ho gye| (a.6/pr.1/shii.10)| mathurA ke kaMkAlITIle meM upalabdha aneka nagna jinapratimAe~ isI sampradAya ke dvArA banavAyI gayI thiiN| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne eka bahuta U~cI, bahulakSyasAdhaka, aitihAsika kalpanA kI hai| unhoMne kalpita kiyA hai ki nirgranthasaMgha do the : uttarabhAratIya aura dkssinnbhaartiiy| uttarabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha sacelAcela thA aura mahAvIra dvArA praNIta thA tathA dakSiNa bhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha acela thA aura usakI nIMva vikrama kI chaThI sadI meM dakSiNabhArata ke AcArya kundakunda ne DAlI thii| IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke prArambha meM uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha kA vibhAjana huA, jisase sacelatA ke pakSadhara zvetAmbarasaMgha For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ satahattara ] kI tathA acelatA ke pakSadhara yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti huI / arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIrapraNIta nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se digambara - zvetAmbara - saMghabheda nahIM huA, apitu zvetAmbarayApanIya - saMghabheda huA / isa kalpanA se DaoNkTara sA0 ne nimnalikhita lakSya sAdhane kI ceSTA kI hai 1. zvetAmbaramata ko sarvajJa - mahAvIra - praNIta samyak mata aura digambarajainamata ko chadmasthapraNIta nihnavamata (mithyAmata) siddha karanA / 2. mahAvIra ke tIrtha ko sacelAcela siddha karanA / 3. zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ko hIM mahAvIra kI paramparA kA uttarAdhikArI ThaharAnA / 4. aura isa prakAra jo grantha zvetAmbaroM kA nahIM hai aura spaSTataH yApanIyoM kA bhI nahIM hai, kintu jisakI kucha viSayavastu zvetAmbaragranthoM kI viSayavastu se milatIjulatI hai, use yadi vaha yApanIyasampradAya kI utpatti ke pUrva racA gayA hai, to uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke AcAryoM dvArA racita siddha karanA aura yadi usake bAda racA gayA hai, to usa saMgha ke uttarAdhikArI yApanIyasaMgha ke AcArya dvArA racita batalAnA aura isa taraha usake digambaragrantha hone kA apalApa karanA / (adhyAya 2/ pra. 3 / zI. 1) / DaoNkTara sA0 kA uparyukta mata sarvathA kapolakalpita hai / uttarabhArata meM to kyA, bhArata ke kisI bhI kone meM, kabhI bhI, sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha kA astitva nahIM thA / isake nimnalikhita pramANa haiM 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sacelAcela dharma kA nahIM, apitu acelakadharma kA upadeza diyA thA, yaha zvetAmbarIya uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI 'acelago ya jo dhammo' (23 / 29) isa gAthA se hI siddha hai| acelakadharma kA upadeza dene se yaha bhI siddha hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne acelaka sAdhu ko hI nirgrantha zabda se abhihita kiyA hai, ataH unake dvArA praNIta nirgranthasaMgha acela hI thA, sacelAcela nhiiN| (adhyAya 2 / pra. 3 / zI. 3) / 2. samasta digambarajaina sAhitya, sampUrNa vaidika (hindU) sAhitya, sakala bauddhasAhitya, saMskRtasAhitya aura nirgranthasaMgha yA mUlasaMgha kA ullekha karanevAle sabhI zilAlekhoM evaM tAmrapatroM meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyI digambara sAdhuoM ko hI nirgrantha zabda se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| isase bhI pramANita hai ki mahAvIra kA anuyAyI nirgranthasaMgha acela hI thA / 3. zvetAmbaragrantha vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAdhvAcAra ke do bheda mAne gaye haiM - jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa / inameM jinakalpa ko acela aura sthavirakalpa ko sacela For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ aThahattara ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kahA gayA hai, kintu vAstava meM donoM sacela haiM / (adhyAya 2/ pra.3/ zI. 3.3) / jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda unameM se kaTivastrarahita - pracchAdakasahita - sacela jinakalpa kA bhI AcaraNa asaMbhava mAna liyA gayA, jisase kevala kaTivastra- pracchAdakasahita-sacela sthavirakalpa ko dhAraNa karanevAle sAdhu hI zeSa raha gaye / (adhyAya 2 / pra. 3 / zI. 3.5) / isa prakAra DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne IsA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM jisa uttarabhAratIya - sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI utpatti batalAyI hai, usakA astitva hI nahIM thA / ataH DaoNkTara sA0 kA yaha mata aprAmANika hai ki uttarabhAratIya - sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kA udbhava huA thA / jambUsvAmI paryanta digambara aura zvetAmbara saMghoM kI guru-ziSyaparamparA kA abhinna honA aura tatpazcAt bhinna ho jAnA isa bAta kA jvalanta pramANa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra - praNIta acela -nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se hI digambara - zvetAmbara saMgha astitva meM Aye / adhyAya 7 - yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa 1. yApanIyasaMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha pA~cavI zatI I0 (470-490 I0) ke kadambavaMzI rAjA mRgezavarmA ke halsI - tAmrapatralekha meM huA hai| tatpazcAt 8vIM zatI I0 ke zvetAmbarAcArya zrI haribhadrasUri ne apane lalitavistarA grantha meM yApanIyatantra nAmaka yApanIyagrantha kA ullekha kiyA / hariSeNa (931 I0) ke bRhatkathAkoza meM, devasenasUri (933 I0) ke darzanasAra meM, indranandI ( 11vIM zatI I0) ke nItisAra meM SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI guNaratnasUrikRta TIkA (14vIM zatI I0) meM, daMsaNapAhuDa para zrutasAgarasUri (15 vIM zatI I0) dvArA racita vyAkhyA meM tathA ratnanandI (16vIM zatI I0) ke bhadrabAhucarita meM yApanIyasaMgha kA varNana milatA hai| isa prakAra IsA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se pUrva yApanIyasaMgha kA ullekha na to kisI grantha meM upalabdha hotA hai, na kisI zilAlekha meN| isase anumAna hotA hai ki usakA udaya IsA kI pA~cavIM sadI ke prArambha meM huA thA / vaha IsA kI 15 vIM zatI taka vidyamAna rahA, pazcAt usakA lopa ho gyaa| isakA kendra dakSiNa bhArata thA / i 2. yApanIyasampradAya acela aura sacela donoM liMgoM se mukti mAnatA thA, ataH yApanIya sAdhu digambarasAdhuoM ke samAna nagna bhI hote the aura zvetAmbaramuniyoM ke samAna savastra bhii| nagna sAdhu digambaramuniyoM ke samAna mayUrapicchI bhI rakhate the aura pANitala meM bhojana karate the / ve nagna jinapratimAe~ bhI pratiSThita karAte the aura unakI pUjA karate the| isake atirikta unakI samasta mAnyatAe~ zvetAmbaroM ke samAna thIM / ve zvetAmbara - AgamoM ko hI mAnate the / ataH unameM varNita savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [unyAsI] paratIrthikamukti, kevali-kavalAhAra aura mahAvIra kA garbhaparivartana Adi bAtoM meM vizvAsa karate the| yApanIyasAdhu zvetAmbarasAdhuoM ke hI samAna ziSyoM ko 'dharmalAbha' kA AzIrvAda dete the| zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko pramANa mAnane se unake racayitA AcArya hI yApanIyoM ke pUrvAcArya the| yApanIya gopya bhI kahalAte the| digambarAcAryoM ne yApanIyoM ko pA~ca jainAbhAsoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai| (adhyAya 7/pra.1 / shii.1)| 3. yApanIyoM ne zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko hI apanA liyA thA, isalie unheM maulika granthoM ke nirmANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM huii| unhoMne vahI grantha race haiM, jo digambaraparamparA ke strImuktiniSedha Adi siddhAntoM ke khaNDana aura apane mata kI puSTi ke lie Avazyaka the| zrI haribhadrasUri ne 'lalitavistarA' meM eka yApanIyatantra nAmaka grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo anupalabdha hai| vartamAna meM kevala yApanIya-AcArya pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana ke tIna grantha upalabdha haiM-strInirvANaprakaraNa, kevalibhuktiprakaraNa evaM shaakttaaynvyaakrnn| unakA eka sAhitya-viSayaka grantha bhI thaa| ___4. digambara jaina vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, usakI vijayodayA TIkA, mUlAcAra aura tattvArthasUtra, ina digambarajaina-granthoM ko yApanIyaAcAryoM dvArA racita batalAyA hai aura zvetAmbara vidvAn DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne to digambarAcAryoM dvArA racita kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA Adi solaha granthoM ko yApanIyoM ke khAte meM tathA tattvArthasUtra evaM sanmatisUtra ko zvetAmbara-yApanIyoM kI kapolakalpita mAtRparamparA (uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA) ke khAte meM DAla diyA hai| inameM se eka bhI grantha yApanIya-paramparA athavA zvetAmbara-yApanIyoM kI kapolakalpita mAtRparamparA kA nahIM haiM, yaha unameM varNita yApanIyamata-viruddha athavA zvetAmbara-yApanIya-mAtRparamparA-viruddha siddhAntoM se pramANita hai| (adhyAya 11-25) / 5. hariSeNa ke bRhatkathAkoza aura ratnanandI ke bhadrabAhucarita meM yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti zvetAmbarasaMgha se batalAyI gayI hai, yaha zatapratizata satya hai| isakI puSTi zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ke siddhAntoM, AgamoM evaM AcAryaparamparA kI abhinnatA se hotI hai| (adhyAya 7 /pra.1 / shii.5)| 6. muni kalyANavijaya jI, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina evaM paM0 dalasukha mAlavANiyA ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki zvetAmbarasAdhu boTika zivabhUti ne vIranirvANa saM0 609 (I0 san 82) meM yApanIyasaMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne boTika zivabhUti dvArA yApanIyasaMgha kI sthApanA IsA kI pA~cavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| kintu yaha sarvathA mithyA hai| Avazyaka-mUlabhASya, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, Avazyakaniyukti, pravacanaparIkSA Adi zvetAmbaragranthoM meM boTika For Personal & Private Use Only

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[assI] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 zivabhUti ko digambarajaina-sampradAya kA saMsthApaka batalAyA gayA hai| kintu yathArtha yaha hai ki zivabhUti na to yApanIyamata kA pravartaka thA, na hI digambarajainamata kA saMsthApaka, usane to zvetAmbaramata chor3akara jinendrapraNIta paramparAgata digambaramata kA varaNa kiyA thaa| yaha usake hI vacanoM se siddha hai| vaha apane guru ke sacela-sthavirakalpa-samarthaka tarkoM kA virodha karate hue kahatA hai-"paralokArthI (mokSArthI) ko acela jinakalpa hI grahaNa karanA cAhie, kaSAya, bhaya, mUrchAdi doSoM ke kAraNabhUta saparigraha sacela sthavirakalpa se kyA lAbha? yaha anarthakara hai, isIlie zruta meM parigraharahita (acela) jinakalpa kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| jinendra bhI acela hote haiN| ataH acelatA hI sundara (hitakara) hai|" inhIM zrutavacanoM evaM jinendradeva ke acelatva kA anusaraNa karate hue zivabhUti ne nAgnyaliMga grahaNa kiyA thaa| isase siddha hai ki usane kisI naye mata kA pravartana nahIM kiyA thA, apitu jinapraNIta paramparAgata digambaramata ko hI aMgIkAra kiyA thaa| (adhyAya 2/pra.2 / shii.5)| 7. zvetAmbarAcArya hastImala jI kI mAnyatA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti digambarasaMgha se huI thI, kyoMki abhilekhoM meM donoM ke gaNa-gaccha samAna milate haiM, jaise-mUlasaMgha, zrImUla-mUlasaMgha, kanakotpalasaMbhUtasaMgha, punnAgavRkSamUlasaMgha, kundakundAnvaya, kaNDUgaNa, krANUgaNa aadi| (adhyAya 7/pra.1 / shii.5)| kintu , inameM se kevala 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa', jise AcArya hastImala jI ne 'gaNa' na kahakara 'saMgha' kahA hai, digambaraparamparA aura yApanIyaparamparA meM samAna thA, zeSa nhiiN| zeSa meM se zrImUla-mUlasaMgha, kanakotpalasaMbhUtasaMgha aura kaNDUgaNa kevala yApanIyaparamparA meM the aura mUlasaMgha, kundakundAnvaya evaM krANUgaNa kevala digambara-paramparA meN| (adhyAya 7/pr.3/shii.3,4)| ataH kevala eka 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' nAma kI samAnatA isa nirNaya kA yuktiyukta hetu nahIM hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti digambarasaMgha se huI thii| samAnatA ko dekhA jAya, to yApanIyasaMgha kI saiddhAntika aura sAMskRtika samAnatA digambarasaMgha kI apekSA zvetAmbarasaMgha se adhika thii| jaise siddhAnta aura saMskRti kI adhika samAnatA ke kAraNa zvetAmbarajaina sampradAya kI utpatti, nirgrantha (digambara) sampradAya se hI siddha hotI hai, bauddhasampradAya se nahIM, jaise ukta samAnatA ke kAraNa sthAnakavAsI zvetAmbarasampradAya kA udbhava mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbarasampradAya se hI siddha hotA hai, digambarajainasampradAya se nahIM, vaise hI savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti, kevalibhukti Adi siddhAntoM evaM 'dharmalAbha' kahakara AzIrvAda dene Adi-rUpa saMskRti kI atyanta samAnatA ke kAraNa yApanIyasampradAya kA janma zvetAmbarasampradAya se hI siddha hotA hai, digambarasampradAya se nhiiN| (adhyAya 7/pra.1 / shii.5)| yApanIyasampradAya ne 'yApanIya' nAma bhI zvetAmbara-AgamoM se grahaNa kiyA thaa| (adhyAya 7/pra.1/ shii.7)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ ikyAsI ] 8. yApanIyasaMgha eka aisA saMgha thA, jisake sAdhu mAnate the ki mukti ke lie nagna rahanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, phira bhI nagna rahate the / isakA kyA prayojana thA ? kucha vidvAnoM kI dhAraNA hai ki isakA prayojana digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM ko ekadUsare ke AcAra-vicAra apanAkara eka hone kI preraNA denA thA / kintu, yApanIyasampradAya kA praNetA itanA mUr3ha nahIM rahA hogA ki vaha digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM ko isa hada taka mUrkha mAna le ki ve apanI AsthA - viruddha mAnyatAoM ko svIkAra kara eka ho jaayeNge| ataH vidvAnoM kI uparyukta dhAraNA ayuktiyukta hai / vastutaH nagna vezadhAraNa karane kA prayojana thA apane astitva kI rakSA ke lie lokamAnyatA aura rAjamAnyatA kI prApti, kyoMki dakSiNa meM yahI veza rAjamAnya aura lokamAnya thA / (adhyAya 7/pra.1/zI. 6) / granthasAra 9. IsApUrva dvitIya zatI ke samrAT khAravela ke hAthI gumphAbhilekha meM yApaJavakehi (yApajJApakebhyaH) pada kA prayoga huA hai| prasiddha itihAsakAra zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne pahale usakA artha 'yApanIya - AcArya ke lie' kiyA thA, jisase dvitIya zatI I0 pU0 meM yApanIyasaMgha ke astitva kA prasaMga AtA thA / kintu zvetAmbaramuni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne usakA artha 'dharma kA nirvAha karanevAloM ke lie' batalAyA, jise mAnanIya jAyasavAla jI ne svIkAra kara liyA / kintu vaha artha bhI samIcIna nahIM hai / vastutaH ukta pada kA samIcIna artha 'dharmopadezakoM ke lie' hai| (adhyAya 7/ pra. 2 / zI. 2) / 10. yApaJavakehi isa pada ko 'yApajJApakebhyaH' (dharmanirvAhakoM ke lie) isa prakAra caturthyanta mAnakara tathA cinavatAni vAsasitAni zabdoM ko rezamI aura zveta vastra kA vAcaka mAnakara muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne yaha artha grahaNa kiyA hai ki samrAT khAravela ne zvetAmbarasAdhuoM ko vastradAna kiyA thA, ataH vaha zvetAmbara thA / kintu 'yApaJavakehi' pada caturthyanta nahIM, apitu tRtIyAnta hai, isalie usase uparyukta artha pratipAdita nahIM hotaa| ataH 'yApajJApaka' zabda se zvetAmbarasAdhu artha nahIM liyA jA sakatA, phalasvarUpa khAravela ko zvetAmbara nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| (adhyAya 7/ pra.2/ zI. 3,4,5 ) / 11. himavanta therAvalI nAma kI eka jhUThI therAvalI racI gayI, jisameM samrAT khAravela ko cedivaMza kI jagaha ceTavaMza meM utpanna batalAkara zvetAmbara siddha karane kA prayAsa huaa| isake samarthana aura virodha meM kramazaH muni kalyANavijaya jI aura bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ke tIna lekha 'anekAnta' meM prakAzita hue / 'himavanta-therAvalI' kI khojabIna kI gayI aura yaha pAyA gayA ki usameM khAravelavAlA aMza jhUThA hai / isakI sUcanA muni jinavijaya jI ne 'anekAnta' ke sampAdaka paM0 jugalakizora jI For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ bayAsI ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 mukhtAra ko paTanA se dinAMka 12/4 / 1930 I0 ko dI thI / (adhyAya 7/ pra. 2/ zI. 5,6) / 12. muni kalyANavijaya jI ne digambarajaina - paramparA ko arvAcIna siddha karane ke lie yaha kathA gar3hI hai ki usakI sthApanA AcArya kundakunda ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM kI thii| kintu 370 I0 evaM 425 I0 kI noNamaMgalatAmrapaTTikAoM (kra 90 evaM 94 ) meM digambara jainasaMgha (nirgranthasaMgha) ke dUsare nAma mUlasaMgha kA ullekha hone se unakI yaha kathA managar3hanta siddha ho jAtI hai| isalie unhoMne isakI managaDhantatA ko chipAne ke lie eka dUsarI kathA gar3hI hai ki 'mUlasaMgha' digambarasaMgha kA nAma nahIM thA, apitu boTika zivabhUti ne apane dvArA pravartita sacelAcela-sampradAya kA uttarabhArata meM 'mUlasaMgha' nAma rakhA thA, jo dakSiNa meM jAne para 'yApanIya' nAma se prasiddha huA / yaha kathA managar3hanta isalie hai ki boTika zivabhUti ne sacelAcela - sampradAya kA pravartana kiyA hI nahIM thA, jisakA dakSiNa meM jAne para 'yApanIyasaMgha' nAma par3atA / 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya', 'pravacanaparIkSA' Adi granthoM meM zivabhUti ko sarvathA acela boTikasampradAya kA pravartaka kahA gayA hai aura boTikasampradAya ko digambarajaina-sampradAya kahA hai| ataH yadi zivabhUti ne apane sampradAya ko uttarabhArata meM mUlasaMgha nAma diyA thA, to digambarajaina saMgha kA hI 'mUlasaMgha' nAma thA, yaha siddha hotA hai| vastutaH usane digambara jaina - sampradAya kA bhI pravartana nahIM kiyA thA, apitu use aMgIkAra kiyA thA, yaha pUrva meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| dUsare, mUlasaMgha use kahA jAtA hai, jisase koI nayA saMgha utpanna ho / yApanIyasaMgha se koI nayA saMgha utpanna nahIM huA, isalie usakA mUlasaMgha nAma yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| zilAlekhoM meM 'zrImUlasaMghadapo (pu) nnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' tathA 'zrImUlasaMghAnvayakrAgaNa' ina ullekhoM ko dekhakara DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne mAnA hai ki ye gaNa yApanIyoM ke the tathA mUlasaMgha ke sAtha unakA ullekha huA hai, isase siddha hai ki 'mUlasaMgha' yApanIyasaMgha kA hI nAma thA, kintu yaha DaoNkTara sA0 kI ekAnta - dRSTi kA pariNAma hai| vastutaH 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' yApanIyasaMgha aura mUlasaMgha donoM meM thA / isI prakAra nandisaMgha bhI donoM meM thA / inameM bheda pradarzita karane ke lie yApanIyasaMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa evaM nandisaMgha ke sAtha 'yApanIya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai tathA mUlasaMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa evaM nandisaMgha ke sAtha 'mUlasaMgha' kA / tathA yApanIyasaMgha meM 'krANUgaNa' nahIM thA, apitu 'kaNDUrgaNa' thaa| krANUgaNa kevala digambarasaMgha meM thA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [tirAsI] ataH ukta gaNoM ke sAtha 'mUlasaMgha' kA ullekha hone se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki vaha yApanIyasaMgha kA nAma thaa| (adhyAya 7/pra.3 / zI.3, 4) / nirgranthasaMgha (digambarasaMgha) hI mUlasaMgha thaa| isakA eka spaSTa pramANa 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI guNaratnakRta TIkA meM milatA hai-"digambarAH punarnAgnyaliGgAH paannipaatraashc| te caturdhA kaasstthaasnggh-muulsngghmaathursngghgopysngghbhedaat|" isameM digambaroM ke saMgha ko hI 'mUlasaMgha' kahA gayA hai| (adhyAya 7/pr.3/shii.5,6)| 13. apane janmakAla (pA~cavIM zatI I0) se eka hajAra varSa (1500 I0) ke bhItara hI yApanIyasaMgha kA lopa ho gyaa| isake kAraNa the-saiddhAntika asaMgatatA aura sAdhuoM kI gRhasthavat laukika prvRttiyaaN| acela aura sacela donoM ligoM se mukti kA yApanIya-siddhAnta logoM ke gale nahIM utraa| jaba vastradhAraNa karate hue bhI mukti ho sakatI hai, taba nagna hone kI kyA AvazyakatA? logoM ke isa prazna kA samAdhAna na ho sakane se unakA yApanIyasaMgha se mohabhaMga ho gyaa| yahI usake vilopa kA mukhya kAraNa thaa| digambarasaMgha kevala acelaliMga se mukti mAnatA hai aura zvetAmbarasaMgha kevala sacelaliMga se, ataH unameM ukta asaMgatatA na hone se ve lopa se baca gye| dvitIya khaNDa kundakunda kA samaya SaTkhaNDAgama evaM kasAyapAhuDa kI kartRparamparA adhyAya 8-kundakunda ke prathamataH bhaTTAraka hone kI kathA managaDhanta kundakunda ne svayaM ko antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA paramparA-ziSya to kahA hai, kintu apane sAkSAd guru kA kisI bhI grantha meM ullekha nahIM kiyaa| muni kalyANavijaya jI ne isakA kAraNa yaha batalAyA hai ki 'kundakunda Arambha meM boTika zivabhUti dvArA sthApita yApanIyasaMgha meM dIkSita hue the| ve zivabhUti ke sAkSAt ziSya nahIM the, apitu paramparAziSya the| kintu Age calakara unheM usa saMgha kI caityavAsa, bhUmigrAmAdidAnagrahaNa evaM ApavAdika-savastramukti, strImukti Adi kI mAnyatAe~ acchI nahIM lgiiN| isalie ve usase alaga ho gaye aura yataH unake guru ina dharmaviruddha pravRttiyoM ke samarthaka the, ataH unhoMne unheM apanA guru mAnanA chor3a diyaa| isI kAraNa unhoMne apane granthoM meM unake nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa|' muni jI kA yaha mata sarvathA kapolakalpita hai, yaha nimnalikhita tathyoM se siddha hotA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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[caurAsI] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 1. prastuta grantha ke dvitIya adhyAya (pra.2 / zI. 1-6) meM siddha kiyA gayA hai ki boTika zivabhUti yApanIyasaMgha kA saMsthApaka thA hI nahIM, usane to digambaramata kA varaNa kiyA thaa| ataH AcArya kundakunda ke usake sAkSAt yA paramparA-ziSya hone kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| 2. kundakunda AMrabha meM yApanIya the, isakA ullekha na to kundakunda ne svayaM apane kisI grantha meM kiyA hai, na kisI anya grantha yA zilAlekha meM milatA hai| ataH siddha hai ki yaha muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI dvArA kI gayI kapolakalpanA hai| 3. prastuta grantha ke dazama adhyAya meM isa bAta kI sapramANa siddhi kI gayI hai ki AcArya kundakunda IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI (IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI tathA Isottara prathama zatAbdI) meM hue the tathA saptama adhyAya meM yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki yApanIyamata kI utpatti IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM huyI thii| isase bhI siddha hotA hai ki kundakunda ko yApanIyasaMgha meM dIkSita mAnanA kapolakalpanA mAtra hai| 4. kundakunda ne bodhapAhuDa (gAthA 61-62) meM apane ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA paramparAziSya batalAyA hai, na ki boTika zivabhUti kaa| unake isa kathana meM avizvAsa aura muni kalyANavijaya jI ke vacana meM vizvAsa karane kA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI ne muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI kI kalpanA se milatI-julatI dUsarI kalpanA kI hai| unakA kathana hai ki kundakunda sarvaprathama vIranirvANa saM0 1000 (vikrama saM0 530 = I0 san 473) meM apane dAdA guru mAghanandI dvArA sthApita bhaTTArakaparamparA meM bhaTTArakapada para dIkSita hue the| mAghanandI ke ziSya bhaTTAraka jinacandra kundakunda ke guru the| (dekhiye, adhyAya 10/pra.3 / zI.1 tathA adhyAya 8/ pra.2 / shii.1)| AcArya jI kA tarka hai ki "di iNDiyana aiNTikverI (Vol. xx) meM prakAzita nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI itihAsa ke vidvAnoM dvArA kAlakramAnusAra taiyAra kI gaI bhaTTArakaparamparA ke pramukha saMgha nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI hai| yaha vastutaH bhaTTArakaparamparA kI mUla paTTAvalI hai| isameM sabhI AcAryoM ke lie sAta bAra paTTAdhIza vizeSaNa aura do bAra bhaTTAraka vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa paTTAvalI meM AcArya kundakunda ko bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA pA~cavA~ paTTAdhIza batalAyA gayA hai|" (dekhiye, adhyAya 8/pra.2/ zI. 1) / AcArya zrI hastImala jI ne 'jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa' (bhAga 3/ pR.126-143) meM bhaTTArakaparamparA ke vikAsa ke tIna rUpa batalAye haiN| yathA 1. vIra ni0 saM0 609 (I0 san 82) ke lagabhaga hue saMghabheda ke thor3e samaya pazcAt hI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya, tInoM saMghoM ke kucha zramaNoM ne caityoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ pacAsI ] meM rahanA prAraMbha kara diyA thaa| kucha samaya bAda ve bhUmidAna aura dravyadAna lene lage, taba bhaTTAraka- paramparA zurU ho gayI / bhaTTArakaparamparA kA yaha prathama svarUpa thA / isakA astitva vIra ni0 saM0 640 se 880 ( I0 san 113 se 353) taka rhaa| 2. vIranirvANa kI nauvIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM bhaTTArakoM ke pITha sthApita hone lage aura unhoMne rAjAoM ko prabhAvita kara rAjyAzraya prApta karanA bhI zurU kara diyaa| maMtra-taMtra, jyotiSa aura auSadhi Adi ke prayoga se janamAnasa ko bhI apane adhIna kiyA jAne lagA / yaha bhaTTAraka - paramparA kA dvitIya svarUpa thA, jo IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka vidyamAna rahA / 3. bArahavIM zatI I0 meM digambarasampradAya ke bhaTTAraka na kevala vastra dhAraNa karane lage, apitu pracura parigraha evaM maThoM ke svAmI banakara rAjasI ThAThabATa se jIvana vyatIta karane lage, sAtha hI zrAvakoM ke dhArmika zAsaka bane gye| yaha bhaTTArakaparamparA kA tIsarA aura antima rUpa thA / AcArya hastImala jI ne bhaTTArakaparamparA ke ina tIna rUpoM meM se AcArya kundakunda ko dUsare rUpa ke antargata pA~cavA~ paTTAdhIza mAnA hai| unakA kathana hai ki jaba kundakunda ko dharma ke tIrthaMkarapraNIta vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna huA, taba unheM apane tathA apane guru ke bhaTTArakIya bhraSTAcaraNa ke prati azraddhA ho gayI aura ve bhaTTArakasampradAya se alaga ho gye| alaga hokara unhoMne tIrthaMkarapraNIta vAstavikadharma kA punarutthAna kiyA / isa taraha bhaTTArakIya bhraSTAcaraNa se dUSita apane guru jinacandra ke prati azraddhA ho jAne se hI kundakunda ne apane granthoM meM unake nAma kA smaraNa nahIM kiyaa| (dekhiye, adhyAya 8 / pra.2 / zI. 1) / nirasana - AcArya zrI hastImala jI kI ye sArI mAnyatAe~ asamIcIna haiN| isakA spaSTIkaraNa nIce kiyA jA rahA hai 1. AcArya jI ne bhaTTArakaparamparA ke vikAsa ke jo tIna rUpa batalAye haiM, ve aprAmANika haiN| kucha muniyoM meM caityavAsa, bhUmigrAmAdidAna- grahaNa, maMtrataMtra - jyotiSa - auSadhi ke prayoga dvArA khyAtilAbha - jIvikopArjana Adi kI pravRttiyA~ sadA rahI haiM / kundakunda ne inheM anAdikAlIna kahA hai ( bhAvapAhuDa / gA. 14) aura inakA Azraya lenevAle muniyoM ko Agama meM pAsattha (pArzvastha ), kusIla ( kuzIla), saMsatta (saMsakta), osaNNa (avasanna) aura jahAchaMda yA migacaritta ( yathAchanda yA mRgacaritra) muni ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / (dekhiye, adhyAya 8 / pra.4 / zI. 3 ) / isalie jainaparamparA ke muniyoM meM ina pravRttiyoM kA vikAsa vIranirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda mAnanA prAmANika nahIM hai| anAdikAlIna hone se inheM vikasita nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| aura yadi vikasita For Personal & Private Use Only

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[chiyAsI] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 bhI mAnA jAya, to inheM bhaTTArakaparamparA ke vikAsa kA prathama yA dvitIya rUpa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, apitu pAsatthAdi-municaritra kA hI vikAsa kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki picchI-kamaNDalu ke sAtha nAgnyaliMga 'muni' saMjJA kA hI hetu hai| uparyukta pravRttiyoMvAle muniliMgadhAriyoM kA sampradAya bhraSTamuni-sampradAya to kahalA sakatA hai, kintu bhaTTArakasampradAya nahIM, jisa prakAra vaha zrAvakasampradAya nahIM kahalA sktaa| eka bAta dhyAna meM rakhane kI hai ki bhaTTArakasampradAya meM bhraSTamuni-pravRttiyA~ nahIM hotIM, jaba ki pAsatthAdi-muniyoM meM hotI haiN| bhaTTAraka vastradhArI hone se gRhasthoM kI zreNI meM Ate haiM, ataH maTha Adi meM niyatavAsa, mandira ke prabandha ke lie bhUmigrAmAdidAna kA grahaNa, unakA upayoga evaM prabandha tathA mandira-tIrtha Adi kI vyavasthA ityAdi pravRttiyA~ bhaTTAraka pada ke viruddha nahIM haiM, jaba ki munipada ke viruddha haiN| ataH ina gRhastha-pravRttiyoM ko apanAne ke kAraNa muni to AcArabhraSTa ho jAte haiM, kintu bhaTTAraka nhiiN| isalie pAsatthAdi muniyoM ke sampradAya ko bhaTTArakasampradAya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jo bhI digambaramuni caityavAsa, bhUmigrAmAdidAna-grahaNa jaisI gRhastha-pravRttiyA~ apanAtA hai, vaha pAsatthAdi-muni hI kahalA sakatA hai, bhaTTAraka nhiiN| bhaTTAraka pAsatthAdimuniyoM jaisA bhraSTa nahIM hotA, kyoMki jinaliMgadhArI na hone se usakI gRhastha-pravRttiyA~ munidharmaviruddha nahIM hotii| isalie pAsatthAdi-muniyoM kA sampradAya bhaTTArakasampradAya thA, yaha kahanA sarvathA ayuktisaMgata hai| 2. digambarajaina-paramparA meM sampradAya-vizeSArthaka bhaTTAraka nAma una puruSoM ke lie prayukta huA hai, jo digambaramuniliMga dhAraNa na karate hue bhI picchI-kamaNDalu-sahita eka nayA ajinokta-savastrasAdhuliMga dhAraNa kara zrAvakoM ke dharmaguru banane lage the| isalie pAsatthAdimuni-caritra aura bhaTTArakacaritra meM mahAn antara hai| pAsatthAdimuni 'muni' hote hue bhI gRhasthakarma apanAte haiM aura bhaTTAraka gRhastha hote hue bhI (yadyapi ve vivAhita nahIM hote) munikarma (dharmaguru kA karma) karane lagate haiN| isalie maMdira-maTha meM niyatavAsa, bhUmigrAmAdidAna-grahaNa, unakA prabandha aura upayoga, mandira-maTha Adi kI vyavasthA, ye gRhasthakarma bhaTTArakacaritra kI vizeSatAe~ nahIM haiM, apitu gRhastha hote hue bhI aura siMhAsana, pAlakI, chatra, ca~vara Adi rAjasI ThATha-bATa kA upabhoga karate hue bhI, picchI-kamaNDalusahita eka ajinokta-savastrasAdhu-liMga dhAraNakara naye prakAra ke jainasAdhu jaisI apanI chavi darzAnA tathA zrAvakoM ke dharmagurupada para AsIna honA bhaTTArakacaritra kI vizeSatAe~ haiN| muni-elaka-kSullaka na hote hue bhI, arthAt savastra gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue bhI bhaTTArakoM kA picchI-kamaNDalu rakhanA tathA dharmaguru ke pada para AsIna honA, ye donoM pravRttiyA~ Agamaviruddha haiN| isa prakAra pAsasthAdi municaritra meM gRhasthakarma kA praveza Agamaviruddha hai aura bhaTTArakacaritra meM munikarma para adhikAra Agamaviruddha For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ satAsI ] hai / phalasvarUpa ye donoM caritra paraspara viparIta haiN| isase siddha haiM ki AcArya zrI hastImala jI ne vIranirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda tathA vIranirvANa kI nauvIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM katipaya digambaramuniyoM meM dikhAyI denevAlI caityavAsAdi jina pravRttiyoM ko bhaTTArakIya pravRttiyA~ kahA hai, ve bhaTTArakIya pravRttiyA~ nahIM thIM, apitu pAsatthAdimunipravRttiyA~ thiiN| bhaTTArakIya pravRttiyoM kA vikAsa IsA kI 12vIM zatI meM huA thA, jaba kucha pAsatthAdi-muniyoM ne muniliMga tyAgakara picchI - kamaNDalu ke sAtha eka aisA savastraliMga dhAraNa kara liyA thA, jo muni, elaka, kSullaka evaM sAmAnya zrAvakoM ke liMga se bhinna thA aura jisase ve digambaraparamparA meM eka naye prakAra ke jainasAdhu-sadRza dikhate the tathA jisakI sahAyatA se ve zrAvakoM ke naye prakAra ke dharmaguru, dharmAdhikArI athavA dharmazAsaka bana gaye the / (dekhiye, adhyAya 8 / pra.4 / zI. 3) / yataH bhaTTArakIya pravRttiyoM kA vikAsa sarvaprathama IsA kI 12 vIM zatAbdI meM huA thA aura prastuta grantha ke dazama adhyAya meM siddha kiyA gayA hai ki AcArya kundakunda IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI (IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI evaM Isottara prathama zatAbdI) hue the, ataH siddha hai ki AcArya mAghanandI kA bhaTTArakasampradAya kA saMsthApaka honA tathA kundakunda ke guru jinacandra evaM kundakunda kA bhaTTArakasampradAya meM dIkSita honA usI prakAra asaMbhava hai, jisa prakAra bandhyA strI ke putra utpanna honA / 3. nandI Adi saMgha mUlataH muniyoM ke saMgha the| Age calakara ina saMghoM ke jo muni bhaTTAraka bane, ve bhI apanA sambandha isI saMgha se jor3ate rhe| isalie 'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' (Vol. XX) meM prakAzita nandisaMgha kI paTTAvali meM muniyoM aura bhaTTArakoM, donoM ke nAma varNita haiN| prathama zubhacandrakRta nandisaMgha kI gurvAvali (14vIM zatI I0) meM bhadrabAhu - dvitIya, guptigupta (arhadbali), mAghanandI, jinacandra, kundakunda, umAsvAti Adi ke lie mahAmuni, municakravartI, satsaMyamI, jAtarUpadhara Adi vizeSaNoM ke prayoga se spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki ye AcArya 28 mUlaguNoM kA niraticAra pAlana karanevAle muni the, ajinokta - savastra - sAdhuliMgI bhaTTAraka nahIM / ataH AcArya hastImala jI kA 'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' (Vol. XX) meM prakAzita nandisaMgha kI sampUrNa paTTAvalI ko bhaTTAraka paTTAvalI mAnakara mAghanandI, jinacandra, kundakunda Adi ko bhaTTArakaM mAna lenA aprAmANika hai| 4. 'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' (Vol. XX evaM Vol. XXI) meM prakAzita nandisaMgha kI paTTAvaliyA~ jina mUla hastalikhita pratiyoM para AdhArita haiM, unameM na to 'paTTAdhIza' zabda kA prayoga hai, na 'bhaTTAraka' zabda kA / unameM 'paTTa' 'paTTastha' aura 'AcArya' zabdoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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[aThAsI] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kA prayoga hai| 'paTTa' zabda kA artha hai pramukha yA prdhaan| ataH vaha 'AcArya' kA paryAyavAcI hai| ukta paTTAvaliyoM ke aMgarejI anuvAda meM pro0 e0 epha0 rUDAlpha hArnale ne 'paTTa' evaM 'paTTastha' zabdoM kA anuvAda Pontiff kiyA hai, jisakA artha 'dharmaguru' (AcArya) hotA hai, paTTAdhIza nhiiN| kintu 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA' (bhAga 4/pR.441-443) ke lekhaka DaoN0 nemicandra jI zAstrI ne 'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' (Vol. XX) meM prakAzita paTTAvalI ke svakRta hindI-anuvAda meM Pontiff kA anuvAda 'paTTAdhIza' kara diyA hai| ise AcArya hastImala jI ne paTTAvalI kA mUlapATha mAna liyA hai, jo unakA bhrama hai| yadi unhoMne mUlapATha dekhA hotA, to yaha bhrama na hotaa| paTTAvalI ke mUlapATha meM kisI AcArya ko 'bhaTTAraka' zabda se bhI abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya hastImala jI ko isa zabda ke prayoga kA bhI bhrama huA hai| ina bhramoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne yaha mAna liyA ki ukta paTTAvalI meM AcAryoM ke lie sAta bAra 'paTTAdhIza' vizeSaNa aura do bAra 'bhaTTAraka' vizeSaNa kA prayoga huA hai, ataH vaha bhaTTArakaparamparA kI paTTAvalI hai| yataH AcArya zrI hastImala jI kI yaha mAnyatA bhramajanya hai, ataH siddha hai ki ukta paTTAvalI kevala bhaTTArakaparamparA kI nahIM, apitu muni-paramparA aura bhaTTArakaparamparA donoM kI hai| phalasvarUpa AcArya mAghanandI, jinacandra aura kundakunda bhaTTAraka paramparA ke paTTAdhIza nahIM the, apitu muniparamparA ke AcArya the| cU~ki AcArya kundakunda ke zurU meM bhaTTArakaparamparA meM dIkSita hone kI mAnyatA aprAmANika hai, ataH yaha mAnyatA bhI aprAmANika hai ki unheM apane bhaTTArakaguru jinacandra meM unake bhaTTArakIya AcaraNa ke kAraNa azraddhA ho gayI thI, isalie unhoMne apane granthoM meM unake nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| nAmollekha na karane ke kAraNa para navama adhyAya meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| adhyAya 9-gurunAma tathA kundakundanAma-anullekha kA kAraNa hama dekhate haiM ki SaTkhaNDAgama ke kartA puSpadanta aura bhUtabali, kasAyapAhuDa ke kartA guNadhara, tattvArthasUtrakAra gRdhrapRccha, AcArya samantabhadra, pUjyapAdasvAmI Adi anya digambarAcAryoM ne bhI apane granthoM meM svaguruoM ke nAma kA smaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| yahA~ taka ki apane bhI nAma kI carcA nahIM kii| pANini ne aSTAdhyAyI meM, pataJjali ne yogadarzana meM aura vAlmIki ne rAmAyaNa meM apane guru ke nAma kA nirdeza nahIM kiyaa| isase spaSTa hai ki prAcInakAla meM prAyaH niHspRha granthakAroM ke dvArA apane granthoM meM svayaM ke tathA svaguru ke nAma kA ullekha karane kI paramparA nahIM thii| isakA For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [navAsI] kAraNa thA khyAti kI AkAMkSA kA abhaav| ataH AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA apane gurunAma kA ullekha na kiye jAne kA bhI yahI kAraNa hai| kundakunda ne jo bodhapAhuDa (gA. 61-62) meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko apanA gamakaguru (paramparAguru) kahakara unakA jayakAra kiyA hai, usakA vizeSa prayojana hai| vaha hai apane granthoM meM kiye gaye prarUpaNa kI prAmANikatA jJApita karanA arthAt yaha prakaTa karanA ki vaha svakalpita nahIM hai, apitu zrutakevalI dvArA varNita sarvajJa ke upadeza para Azrita hai, jaisA ki unake nimnalikhita vacana se spaSTa hotA hai-"vocchAmi samayapAhuDamiNamo suykevliibhnniyN|" (samayasAra / gaa.1)| isI prakAra aneka digambara-granthakAroM ne apane granthoM meM kundakunda ke nAma kA smaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| vibhinna vidvAnoM ne isake bhI alaga-alaga kAraNa batalAye haiM, jo asaMgata haiN| 1. AcArya hastImala jI ne kahA hai ki dhavalAkAra vIrasena svAmI aura unake ziSya-praziSya jinasena, guNabhadra, harivaMzapurANakAra jinasena Adi bhaTTArakasampradAya ke the tathA kundakunda bhaTTAraka-sampradAya meM dIkSita hokara usase alaga ho gaye the, isalie vIrasena, jinasena, guNabhadra Adi ne apane granthoM meM kundakunda ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| (dekhiye, adhyAya 8/pra.2 / zIrSaka 1/ upAntya anucched)| AcArya hastImala jI kA yaha kathana nimnalikhita kAraNoM se samIcIna nahIM hai ka-vIrasena svAmI senasaMghI the aura senasaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM unheM kisI bhI sthAna ke bhaTTArakapITha para AsIna nahIM batalAyA gayA hai| kha-vIrasena svAmI 8vIM zatAbdI I0 meM hue the aura 12 vIM zatAbdI I0 ke pUrva bhaTTArakasampadrAya kA udaya nahIM huA thaa| ataH unakA bhaTTArakasampradAya kA bhaTTAraka honA asaMbhava hai| __ga-AdipurANakAra AcArya jinasena ne 'pAvA'myudaya' (4/71) meM vIrasena svAmI, unake ziSya vinayasena tathA svayaM ko muni, garIyAn muni aura munIzvara vizeSaNoM se vizeSita kiyA hai| tathA pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavRtti ke kartA jayasena ne, jo senagaNa (saMgha) ke hI the, apane guru eka anya vIrasena ko jAtarUpadhara aura nirgranthapadavIdhArI batalAyA hai| (jysenprshsti/pr.saa./pR.345)| darzanasAra ke racayitA devasena ne jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra ke lie mahAtapasvI, pakSopavAsI, bhAvaliMgI muni ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| (gA. 30-31) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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[nabbe] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 ye tIna hetu isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki vIrasena, jinasena Adi AcArya bhaTTArakapITha para AsIna ajinokta-savastrasAdhuliMgI bhaTTAraka nahIM the| unake sAtha jur3I 'bhaTTAraka' upAdhi unheM unakI vidvatA ke abhinandanArtha pradAna kI gayI thii| (AdipurANa / 1 / 55-56) / ataH AcArya hastImala jI kA yaha kathana aprAmANika hai ki dhavalAkAra vIrasena, AdipurANakAra jinasena Adi bhaTTArasampradAya ke bhaTTAraka the aura AcArya kundakunda bhaTTArakasampradAya se alaga ho gaye the, isalie unhoMne apane granthoM meM kundakunda ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| 2. pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI ne granthakAroM dvArA kundakunda ke nAma kA ullekha na kiye jAne kA eka anya hI kAraNa batalAyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki dasavIM zatAbdI I0 (AcArya amRtacandra ke samaya) ke pUrva taka na to kisI digambara AcArya ne apane grantha meM kundakunda ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai, na hI unake granthoM para TIkA likhI gyii| isase siddha hotA hai ki ve AcArya amRtacandra ke sau-do-sau varSa pUrva hI hue the| (dekhiye, adhyAya 9/zI. 2.2) / ___ arthAt pro0 DhAkI ke anusAra kundakunda vIrasena svAmI Adi se arvAcIna the, isalie unhoMne kundakunda ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kintu AcArya kundakunda IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM hue the, isakA sapramANa pratipAdana dazama adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| una pramANoM para dRSTi DAlane se siddha ho jAtA hai ki kundakunda ke nAmaanullekha kA DhAkI jI dvArA batalAyA gayA kAraNa sarvathA mithyA hai| ___3. paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI kA mata hai ki kundakunda eka khAsa AmnAya yA sampradAya ke pravartaka the| unhoMne jainadharma ko vedAnta ke sA~ce meM DhAlA thaa| jAna par3atA hai ki jinasena Adi ke samaya taka unakA mata sarvamAnya nahIM huA thA, isIlie unake prati unameM koI AdarabhAva nahIM thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne kundakunda ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| (dekhiye, adhyAya 9/shii.2.3)| isa para Apatti karate hue pro0 DhAkI prazna karate haiM ki yadi kundakunda kI naI vicAradhArA se anya AcArya sahamata nahIM the, to unhoMne usakA prativAda kyoM nahIM kiyA aura asahamata hote hue bhI unake granthoM kA anusaraNa kyoM kiyA jAtA rahA? (dekhiye, adhyAya 9/pA. tti.12)| pro0 DhAkI kA yaha prazna ucita hai| prazna meM prakaTa kiyA gayA tathya premI jI kI isa dhAraNA ko mithyA siddha kara detA hai ki jinasena Adi ke samaya taka AcArya kundakunda kA mata sarvamAnya nahIM huA thaa| kundakunda sarvamAnya AcArya the aura unake siddhAntoM kA anusaraNa, unakI gAthAoM kA pramANarUpa meM uddharaNa tathA unake granthoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ikyAnave] kA ullekha prathama zatI I0 kI bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi se lekara 8vIM zatI I0 ke vIrasena svAmI kI dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TIkAoM taka meM kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 10/pra.1/zI.2 se 10) / ataH yaha mata aprAmANika siddha ho jAtA hai ki vIrasena, jinasena Adi AcAryoM ne kundakunda ke nAma kA ullekha isalie nahIM kiyA ki ve kundakunda ke mata se asahamata the| 4. vIrasena svAmI Adi digambara-granthakAroM ke dvArA kundakunda kA nAmollekha na kiye jAne kA eka hI kAraNa hai, vaha hai unake nAma se anabhijJa honaa| jaise tattvArthasUtra meM usake kartA gRdhrapiccha ke nAma kA ullekha na hone se aura yaha prasiddha na hone se ki usake kartA gRdhrapiccha haiM, TIkAkAra pUjyapAda svAmI (5vIM zatI I0) aura bhaTTa akalaMkadeva (7vIM zatI I0) bhI unase aparicita rahe, jisake phalasvarUpa ve apanI TIkAoM meM tattvArthasUtrakAra ke rUpa meM unakA nAma nirdiSTa nahIM kara sake, vaise hI samayasArAdi granthoM meM kundakunda ke nAma kA ullekha na hone se tathA yaha prasiddha na hone se ki una granthoM ke racayitA kundakunda haiM, dasavIM zatAbdI I0 ke TIkAkAra AcArya amRtacandra bhI isa tathya se anabhijJa rahe ki samayasArAdi mahAn granthoM ke kartA vahI AcArya kundakunda haiM, jinase kundakundAnvaya nAma kA vizAla anvaya prasUta huaa| jisa prakAra bahuta samaya bAda 8vIM zatI I0 meM dhavalATIkA ke kartA vIrasena svAmI ne kisI prAcIna likhita srota se yaha jJAta hone para ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA AcArya gRdhrapiccha haiM, dhavalATIkA meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai, usI prakAra 12vIM zatI I0 meM kisI prAcIna granthAdi se yaha jAnakArI hone para ki samayasAra Adi granthoM ke nirmAtA vahI mahAn kundakunda haiM, jinake nAma se kundakundAnvaya pravAhita huA hai, AcArya jayasena ne apanI TIkAoM meM una granthoM ke nirmAtA ke rUpa meM kundakunda ke nAma kI carcA kI hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 9/zI. 2.4) / adhyAya 10-AcArya kundakunda kA samaya 1. AcArya kundakunda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI nirgranthasaMgha ke AcArya the| yaha nirgranthasaMgha hI vartamAna meM 'mUlasaMgha' aura 'digambarajaina-saMgha' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| mUlasaMgha meM hI nandisaMgha kA janma huA thaa| ataH paTTAvaliyoM aura zilAlekhoM meM AcArya kundakunda ko mUlasaMgha kA aura mUlasaMgha meM utpanna nandisaMgha kA AcArya kahA gayA hai| (adhyAya 8/ pra.3 / zI. 1 evaM 3) / 2. I0 san 1885 meM rAjapUtAnA kI yAtrA ke samaya zrI sesila beNDala (Mr. Cecil Bendall) ko jayapura ke paNDita zrI cimanalAla jI ne mUlasaMgha ke nandI For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ bAnave ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 AmnAya (saMgha), sarasvatIgaccha, balAtkAragaNa kI do paTTAvaliyA~ pradAna kI thiiN| zrI beNDala ne ve pro0 (DaoN0) e0 epha0 rUDAlpha hArnale ( A. F. Rudolf Hoernle) ko sauMpa diiN| pro0 hArnale ne unheM 'e' aura 'bI' nAma diyA tathA unake anusAra paTTadharoM kI eka tAlikA taiyAra kI aura use The Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Researeh, Vol.XX, October 1891 meM prakAzita kiyaa| isa tAlikA meM AcArya kundakunda ko pA~caveM krama para darzAyA gayA hai, yathA - 1. bhadrabAhu dvitIya, 2 . guptigupta, 3. mAghanandI prathama, 4. jinacandra prathama, 5. kundakunda / isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki kundakunda kA janma IsA se 52 varSa pUrva huA thA aura IsA se 8 varSa pahale 44 varSa kI Ayu meM ve AcAryapada para pratiSThita hue the tathA 51 varSa, 10 mAsa evaM 10 dina taka AcArya - pada para AsIna rhe| usake 5 dina bAda svarga sidhAra gaye / isa prakAra unakA jIvanakAla 95 varSa, 10 mAsa aura 15 dina thA / ( adhyAya 8 / pra.2 / zI. 1, 2, 3, 4 ) / isa vivaraNa ke anusAra kundakunda kA sthitikAla IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se lekara Isottara prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha taka thA, jise prastuta grantha meM IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isa kAla ke prAmANika hone kI puSTi sAhityika aura abhilekhIya pramANoM se hotI hai| udAharaNArtha, IsA kI prathama zatI ke uttarArdha meM racita bhagavatI - ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM kundakunda ke granthoM se gAthAe~ grahaNa kI gayI haiM, prathama - dvitIya zatI I0 meM racita tattvArthasUtra ke aneka sUtra kundakunda ke granthoM ke AdhAra para race gaye haiM / dvitIya zatI I0 kI tiloyapaNNattI meM kundakunda - sAhitya kI bahuta sI gAthAe~ samAviSTa haiM / markarA ke khajAne se prApta zakasaMvat 388 ( I0 san 466 ) ke tAmrapatralekha meM kundakundAnvaya aura usake chaha guru-ziSyoM ke nAma kA ullekha hai, jisase kundakundAnvaya bahuta pUrvavartI siddha hotA hai / (adhyAya 10/pra.1 / zI. 11) / 3. zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI ne di iNDiyana aiNTikverI meM prakAzita pUrvokta nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI ko bhaTTAraka- sampradAya kI paTTAvalI mAnakara yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki AcArya kundakunda pahale bhaTTAraka - sampradAya meM dIkSita hue the, pazcAt usase vidrohakara alaga ho gaye aura viluptaprAya digambaraparamparA kA punaruddhAra - punaH saMsthApana kiyA / (adhyAya 8 / pra.2 / zI. 1) / AcArya jI ne mAnA hai ki ukta paTTAvalI itihAsa ke vidvAnoM dvArA kAlakramAnusAra taiyAra kI gayI hai evaM bhaTTAraka- paramparA ke udbhava, prasAra tathA utkarSakAla ke viSaya meM yuktisaMgata evaM sarvajanasamAdhAnakArI nirNaya para pahu~cAnevAlI hai / (adhyAya 8 / pra. 2 / zI. 1) | kintu, viDambanA yaha hai ki apanI hI isa mAnyatA ke viruddha AcArya hastImala jI paTTAvalI meM darzAye gaye AcArya kundakunda ke paTTArohaNakAla ko ucita nahIM maante| unake anusAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [tirAnave] kundakunda kA paTTArohaNakAla vIra-nirvANa saM0 1000 arthAt vikrama saMvat 530 (473 I0) ke lagabhaga hai| aisA mAnane para vaha iNDiyana aiNTikverI-paTTAvalI meM batalAye gaye paTTArohaNakAla vi0 saM0 49 se 481 varSa Age calA jAtA hai| isa sthiti meM kundakunda ke pUrvavartI aura uttaravartI sabhI paTTadharoM kA paTTArohaNakAla 481 varSa Age bar3ha jAtA hai, kyoMki paTTAvalI meM darzAyI gayI paTTaparamparA nirdhArita paTTakAlAvadhi ke antarAla ke sAtha eka-dUsare paTTadhara se jur3I huI hai| kintu 481 varSa Age bar3he hue kAla meM una paTTadharoM kA astitva hI nahIM thA aura unake paTTapITha bhI samApta ho gaye the, yaha usI iNDiyana aiNTikverI-paTTAvalI se siddha hai| tathA cittaur3apaTTa aura nAgaurapaTTa ke 39 paTTadharoM kA paTTArohaNakAla vikramasaMvat 1586 (1529 I0) se lekara vi0 saM0 1940 (1883 I0) taka hai| ina sabakA paTTArohaNakAla 481 varSa Age bar3ha jAne para inakA abhI (I0 san 2008 meM) janma lenA hI ghaTita nahIM hotaa| (adhyAya 8/ pra.3 / shii.6)| isase sabhI paTTadharoM kA astitva mithyA ho jAtA hai| ukta (iNDiyana aiNTikverI kI) paTTAvalI meM varNita paTTadharoM kA astitva evaM paTTArohaNakAla yuktisaMgata evaM satya tabhI siddha ho sakatA hai, jaba AcArya kundakunda kA paTTArohaNakAla vahI mAnA jAya, jo usameM varNita hai| anya paTTAvaliyoM aura zilAlekhoM se iNDiyana aiNTikverI-paTTAvalI meM ullikhita paTTadharoM ke astitva kI puSTi hotI hai| (adhyAya 8/ pra.3 / shii.6)| ataH AcArya kundakunda kA paTTArohaNakAla vahI mAnanA anivArya hai, jo iNDiyana aiNTikverI-paTTAvalI meM nirdiSTa hai| 4. iNDiyana aiNTikverI-paTTAvalI kI AdhArabhUta paTTAvaliyoM meM munisaMgha ke AcArya ko evaM bhaTTArakapITha ke pramukha ko 'paTTa' evaM 'paTTastha' (paTTadhara) zabdoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| pro0 hArnale ne unakA a~garejI-anuvAda Pontiff kiyA hai, jisakA artha hai 'dharmaguru', kintu 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcAryaparamparA' ke lekhaka DaoN0 nemicandra jI zAstrI, jyotiSAcArya ne pro0 hArnale dvArA a~garejI meM prastuta paTTAvalI ke svakRta hindI-anuvAda meM Pontiff ke sthAna meM paTTAdhIza zabda kA prayoga kara diyA hai| isa 'paTTAdhIza' zabda ko AcArya hastImala jI ne paTTAvalI ke mUlapATha meM prayukta mAnakara 'adhIza' zabda ke prayoga se yaha mAna liyA hai ki vaha bhaTTArakasampradAya kI paTTAvalI hai| unhoMne yaha tarka bhI diyA hai ki ukta paTTAvalI meM jina paTTadharoM ke nAma ullikhita haiM, unheM bhaTTAraka-paramparA ke balAtkAragaNa ('bhttttaarksmprdaay'| pRSTha 93) kI paTTAvalI meM aura aneka zilAlekhoM meM bhaTTAraka kahA gayA hai| (adhyAya 8/ pra.2 / shii.1)| ___ AcArya zrI hastImala jI ne mUla meM bhUla kI hai| 'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' meM prakAzita tAlikAbaddha paTTAvalI kI AdhArabhUta paTTAvaliyoM meM na to 'paTTAdhIza' zabda For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ caurAnave ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kA prayoga hai, na kisI paTTadhara ko 'bhaTTAraka' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isalie AcArya hastImala jI ne ina zabdoM kA prayoga mAnakara iNDiyana aiNTikverIvAlI paTTAvalI ko jo bhaTTArakaparamparA kI paTTAvalI mAna liyA hai, vaha unakA mahAn bhrama hai| isa paTTAvalI ke prathama aura dvitIya kramAMka para ullikhita bhadrabAhu - dvitIya aura guptigupta ko AcArya hastImala jI ne bhaTTAraka nahIM mAnA, tathA chaThe kramAMka para nirdiSTa umAsvAmI ko ve bhaTTAraka mAna nahIM sakate, isase siddha hai ki vaha bhaTTAraka - sampradAya kI paTTAvalI nahIM hai| kundakundAnvaya meM sarasvatIgaccha aura balAtkAragaNa kA vikAsa kundakunda ke astitvakAla (IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI) se lagabhaga nau sau varSoM bAda tathA nandisaMgha kA udaya gyAraha sau varSoM ke pazcAt huA thA, ataH ve nandisaMgha ke nahIM the| isalie nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI ko bhaTTArakapaTTAvalI mAna lene para bhI kundakunda bhaTTAraka siddha nahIM hote| isI prakAra balAtkAragaNa kI paTTAvalI meM bhI AcArya kundakunda kA nAma nirdiSTa hone para yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki ve bhaTTArakasampradAya ke the| (adhyAya 8/ pra. 3 / zI. 1) / 'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' meM chapI paTTAvalI vastutaH kundakundAnvaya kI paTTAvalI hai| usameM digambarAcAryoM ke bhI nAma haiM aura ajinokta - savastrasAdhuliMgI bhaTTArakoM ke bhI / isalie bhI use kevala nandisaMgha ke bhaTTArakasampradAya kI paTTAvalI mAna lenA mahAbhrAnti hai / (adhyAya 8 / pra.3 / zI. 2) / 5. granthoM aura zilAlekhoM meM 'bhaTAra', 'bhaTTAra' aura 'bhaTTAraka' zabda tIna arthoM meM prayukta hue haiM - 1. pUjya, 2. vidvAn evaM 3. digambaraparamparA meM navodita ajinoktasavastrasAdhuliMgI dharmaguru / digambaraparamparA meM ina navodita savastra mithyA dharmaguruoM kA sampradAya hI bhaTTArakasampradAya yA bhaTTArakaparamparA ke nAma se prasiddha huA hai / (adhyAya 8 / pra.4/ zI. 1 evaM 2 ) / vibhinna granthoM evaM patrikAoM meM prakAzita lekhoM meM ina dharmAdhikArI bhaTTArakoM ke asAdhAraNadharma (lakSaNa) isa prakAra batalAye gaye haiM - 1. bhaTTArakadIkSAvidhi dvArA bhaTTArakapada para pratiSThApana, 2. ajinokta - savastrasAdhuliMga-grahaNa, 3. dharmaguru evaM paNDitAcArya ke adhikAroM kA AropaNa, 4. dakSiNA - car3hAvA - bheMTa- zulka Adi se arthopArjana aura 5. rAjocita vaibhava evaM prabhutA kA svAmitva tathA aizvaryamaya niraMkuza jIvanazailI | (adhyAya 8 / pra.4 / zI. 4) / aise lakSaNoMvAle dharmaguru bhaTTAraka hI sampradAyagata bhaTTAraka haiN| jo digambaramuni maTha-mandiroM meM niyatavAsa karate the aura rAjAoM se bhUmi - grAma Adi kA dAna grahaNa kara maTha-mandiroM kI vyavasthA evaM jIvananirvAha karate the, unakA sampradAya bhaTTArakasampradAya nahIM kahalAtA thA ( adhyAya 8 / pra.4 / zI. 5) / ve pAsattha, For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ paMcAnave ] kusIla, saMsatta, osaNNa aura jahAchaMda nAmoM se abhihita hote the| AcArya kundakunda ne unakA astitva anAdikAla se batalAyA hai / (adhyAya 8 / pra.4 / zI. 3) / ataH unheM bhaTTArakaparamparA kI managaDhanta prathama yA dvitIya vikasita avasthAoM se jor3anA aprAmANika hai| aisA karane se to bhaTTArakaparamparA anAdikAlIna athavA bhagavAn mahAvIra se purAnI siddha hogI / uparyukta lakSaNoMvAle ajinokta - savastrasAdhuliMgI, dharmaguru, bhaTTArakoM ke sampradAya kA janma IsA kI 12 vIM zatAbdI meM huA thA / (adhyAya 8 / pra.4 / zI. 3) / isase pUrvavartI maTha-mandira - niyatavAsI pAsatthAdi nagna muniyoM ko jo bIsavIM zatAbdI I0 ke granthakAroM ne 'bhaTTAraka' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai, vaha maTha-mandira meM niyatavAsa, bhUmigrAmAdidAna-grahaNa evaM unake prabandha Adi ke sAdharmya kI apekSA se kiyA hai| kintu yaha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / maTha-mandira meM niyatavAsa, bhUmigrAmAdidAna-grahaNa evaM unake prabandha Adi kI pravRttiyA~ bhaTTArakIya pravRttiyA~ nahIM haiN| ye gRhasthapravRttiyA~ haiM aura bhaTTAraka vastrAdi-parigrahadhArI hone ke kAraNa gRhastha hote haiM / ataH ye gRhastha pravRttiyA~ bhaTTArakoM kI 'gRhastha' saMjJA kA hetu haiM, 'bhaTTAraka' saMjJA kA nhiiN| bhaTTAraka gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue bhI jo munikarma ( dharmaguru kA kArya ) karate haiM, vaha unakI 'bhaTTAraka' saMjJA kA hetu hai / pAsatthAdi muni gRhasthAvasthA meM nahIM hote, ataH unakA munikarma 'bhaTTAraka' saMjJA kA hetu nahIM ho sktaa| vaha 'muni' saMjJA kA hI hetu hotA hai / aura muni - avasthA meM rahate hue ve jo gRhastha karma karate haiM, vaha 'pAsatthAdi' saMjJAoM kA hetu hotA hai, 'bhaTTAraka' saMjJA kA nahIM, kyoMki 'bhaTTAraka' saMjJA kA hetu to gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue kiyA jAnevAlA munikarma hai| isalie jaba pAsatthAdi muniyoM kI pravRttiyA~ bhaTTArakIya pravRttiyoM se bilakula ulaTI haiM, taba pAsatthAdi muniyoM ko bhaTTAraka kahanA yuktisaMgata kaise ho sakatA hai? kadApi nahIM ho sakatA / AcArya kundakunda IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM hue the aura bhaTTArakasampradAya kA udaya IsA kI 12 vIM zatAbdI meM huA thA, ataH AcArya hastImala jI kA yaha kathana ki AcArya kundakunda prathamataH bhaTTArakasampradAya meM dIkSita hue the, sarvathA aprAmANika hai| yaha satya hai ki AcArya kundakunda ke samaya meM jaina zramaNAbhAsoM kA bAhulya thA, kintu AraMbha meM ve svayaM zramaNAbhAsa ( pAsattha yA kusIla muni ) the, ise siddha karanevAlA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| unhoMne digambarajaina muniyoM ke paramArthasvarUpa ko Upara uThAne ( muniyoM aura zrAvakoM kI dRSTi evaM AcaraNa meM baiThAne) ke lie krAntikArI prayatna kiyA thA / kintu isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki unhoMne zramaNAbhAsasaMgha meM dIkSA lene ke bAda apane zramaNAbhAsaguru jinacandra evaM zramaNAbhAsadharma se vidroha For Personal & Private Use Only

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[chiyAnave] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 karake aisA kiyA thaa| mUlasaMgha meM dIkSita hokara ve aisA kyoM nahIM kara sakate the? isake viruddha koI pramANa na hone se siddha hai ki unhoMne aisA hI kiyA thaa| (adhyAya 8/pr.4/shii.6)| 6. AcArya hastImala jI apane isa mata para bhI adhika dina taka Tika nahIM sake ki AcArya kundakunda vi0 saM0 530 (I0 san 473) meM bhaTTArakapada para pratiSThita hue the| Age calakara unheM eka atyanta aprasiddha evaM arvAcIna mahipAla nAmaka paNDita ke dvArA vi0 saM0 1940 (I0 san 1883) meM racita pratiSThApATha nAmaka pustaka prApta huI, jisameM likhA huA thA ki AcArya kundakunda vikrama saMvat 770 (I0 san 713) meM vArAnagara meM utpanna hue the| AcArya zrI hastImala jI ne isa bAta para A~kheM mIMca kara vizvAsa kara liyA aura harivaMzapurANa meM varNita paTTAvalI ke AdhAra para unhoMne jo kundakunda kA kAla vikrama saM0 530 nirNIta kiyA thA, use aprAmANika ghoSita karate dera nahIM lagI, kyoMki aisA karane se kundakunda aura bhI arvAcIna siddha hote the, jo unake lie abhipreta thaa| aba unake anusAra kundakunda kA sthitikAla IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI ho gyaa| AcArya jI kA yaha saMzodhita mata bhI sarvathA aprAmANika hai| iNDiyana aiNTikverIgata paTTAvalI meM kundakunda kA jo samaya batalAyA gayA hai, usakI prAmANikatA kI puSTi sAhityika aura abhilekhIya pramANoM se ho cukI hai| ataH kundakunda kA astitva AThavIM zatI I0 meM batalAyA jAnA pramANaviruddha hai| vastutaH rAjasthAna ke vArA nAmaka nagara meM eka anya padmanandI nAmaka AcArya (I0 san 977 -1043) hue haiM, jinhoMne jaMbudIvapaNNattI nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| AcArya kundakunda kA bhI eka nAma padmanandI thaa| isa nAmasAmya ke kAraNa jJAnaprabodha nAmaka padyabaddha grantha ke kisI ajJAta kartA ne tathA pratiSThApATha ke racayitA paM0 mahipAla ne ukta jaMbudIvapaNNattI ke kartA padmanandI ko kundakundAcArya mAna liyA hai| (adhyAya 10 / pra. 3 / zI. 2) / 7. AcArya hastImala jI ne kundakunda ke guru jinacandra ke bhaTTArakasampradAya ke pIThAdhIza hone kI kalpanA kI hai, to kSullaka jinendra varNI ne yaha kalpita kiyA hai ki ve zvetAmbaramata ke saMsthApaka the, bAda meM digambara ho gaye the| ve likhate haiM "mAghanandI ke pazcAt kundakunda ke guru AcArya jinacandra kA nAma AtA hai|--- zvetAmbarasaMgha ke Adipravartaka kA nAma bhI jinacandra kahA gayA hai| ---isa viSaya meM yahA~ vicArakoM ke samakSa eka kliSTa kalpanA prastuta karatA hU~, jisakI For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [sattAnave] yuktatA athavA ayuktatA ke viSaya meM mujhe kucha bhI Agraha nahIM hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki ye donoM eka hI vyakti hoN| bhadrabAhu-prathama ke kAla meM mUlasaMgha kA jo bhAga dakSiNa kI ora na jAkara ujjainI meM ruka gayA thA, usane paristhiti se bAdhya hokara ardhaphAlakasaMgha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thA, jo vi0 saM0 136 taka usI rUpa meM vicaraNa karatA rhaa| --- ho sakatA hai ki vi0 saM0 136 meM isa saMgha ke AcArya zAntyAcArya hoM aura unake ziSya jinacandra hoN| zAntyAcArya ne jaba saMgha se prAyazcittapUrvaka apanA sthitIkaraNa karane kI bAta kahI, to inhoMne kucha SaDyantra karake unheM maravA diyA aura bedhaDaka hokara apanA zaithilya-moSaNa karane ke lie sAMgopAMga zvetAmbarasaMgha kI nIMva DAla dii| yadyapi usa samaya vAsanA se prerita hokara inhoMne yaha ghora anartha kara DAlA, tathApi brahmahatyA kA yaha mahApAtaka inake antaSkaraNa ko bhItara hI bhItara jalAne lgaa| bahuta prayatna karane para bhI jaba vaha zAnta nahIM huA, to ye digambarasaMgha kI zaraNa meM Aye, kyoMki apanI jJAnagarimA tathA tapazcaraNa ke kAraNa usa samaya AcArya mAghanandI kA teja dizAoM-vidizAoM meM vyApta ho rahA thaa| guru ke caraNoM meM loTakara AtmaglAni se prerita ho, Apane apane duSkRtya kI ghora bhartsanA kI aura khule hRdaya se AlocanA karake unase prAyazcitta dene ke lie prArthanA kii| mitra-zatrusamacitta, paramopakArI guru ne unake hRdaya ko zuddha huA dekhakara unheM samucita prAyazcitta diyA aura unheM punaH dIkSA dekara apane saMgha meM sammilita kara liyaa| 5-6 varSa paryanta ugra tapazcaraNa karake jinacandra ne apanI samasta kAlimAe~ dho DAlI aura jinendra ke samIcIna zAsana meM candra kI bhA~ti udyota phailAne lge| sakala saMgha ke sAtha apane guru ke bhI ve vizvAsapAtra bana gaye, bilkula usI prakAra jisa prakAra ki brAhmaNa indrabhUti bhagavAn mahAvIra ke| gurupravara mAghanandI ne svayaM apane hAthoM se vI0 ni0 614 meM unheM saMgha ke paTTa para AsIna kara diyA aura unakI chatrachAyA meM sakalasaMgha jJAna tathA cAritra meM unnata hone lgaa| isa ghaTanA ke 8-9 varSa pazcAt vI0 ni0 623 (I0 san 96) meM kundakunda ne unase dIkSA dhAraNa kii| ___"digambarasaMgha ke AcArya bana jAne ke kAraNa avazya hI inake Upara zvetAmbarasaMgha kI ora se kucha ApattiyA~ AyI hoMgI, jinheM inhoMne samatA se sahana kiyaa| parantu ziSya hone ke nAte kundakunda unheM sahana na kara sake aura AcAryapada para pratiSThata hote hI zvetAmbarasaMgha ke isa anItipUrNa durvyavahAra ko rokane tathA apane saMgha kI rakSA karane ke lie unhoMne usake sAtha mu~ha-dara-muMha hokara zAstrArtha kiyaa| kundakunda ke tapa tathA teja ke samakSa vaha saMgha Tika na sakA aura lajjA tathA bhayavaza use apanI pravRtiyA~ roka lenI pdd'iiN|" (jainendra siddhAnta koza / bhAga 1 / pariziSTa 4/jincndr| pRSTha 490) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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[aTThAnave] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kSullaka jinendra varNI jI ne svayaM ise apanI eka kliSTa (saMgata pratIta na honevAlI) kalpanA kahA hai| nizcitarUpa se yaha eka ayuktiyukta kalpanA hai| yaha nimnalikhita hetuoM se siddha hotA hai ka-zAntyAcArya ke ziSya jinacandra the aura unhoMne zAntyAcArya kA vadha kara zvetAmbarasaMgha kI sthApanA kI thI, yaha bhAvasaMgraha (prAkRta) ke kartA digambara AcArya devasena (933-955 I0) kI kalpanA hai| zvetAmbaramata meM zvetAmbarasampradAya kA pravartaka kisI jinacandra ko nahIM mAnA gayA hai| antima anubaddha kevalI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM kI AcAryaparamparA bhinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai| jahA~ digambaraparamparA meM antima anubaddha kevalI jambUsvAmI ke bAda prathama zrutakevalI viSNu kA nAma hai, vahA~ zvetAmbaraparamparA meM AcArya prabhava kA ullekha hai| (zrI devendra muni zAstrI : jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA / pRSTha 562) / isase siddha hotA hai ki AcArya prabhava zvetAmbarasaMgha ke saMsthApaka the| kintu antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu (vIra ni0 saM0 162) ke samakAlIna AcArya sthUlabhadra ko zvetAmbaraparamparA meM antyanta mahattva diyA gayA hai aura zvetAmbara vidvAn DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne likhA hai ki "dakSiNa kA acela nirgranthasaMgha bhadrabAhu kI paramparA se aura uttara kA sacela nirgranthasaMgha sthUlabhadra kI paramparA se vikasita huaa|" (jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA / pR.29)| isa zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA se kSullaka jinendra varNI jI kI yaha kalpanA nirasta ho jAtI hai ki kundakunda ke guru jinacandra pUrva meM zvetAmbarasaMgha ke saMsthApaka the| kha-zvetAmbarasaMgha ke saMsthApaka AcArya sthUlabhadra antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samakAlIna hone se IsA pUrva cauthI zatAbdI (vIra ni0 saM0 162 = I0 san 365) meM hue the, jaba ki AcArya devasena ne zAntyAcArya kA vadhakara jinacandra dvArA zvetAmbarasaMgha sthApita kiye jAne kI ghaTanA vi0 saM0 136 (I0 san 79) meM ghaTI batalAyI hai| isa kAlavaiSamya se bhI kSullaka jinendra varNI kI kalpanA ayuktiyukta siddha hotI hai| ga-digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM kA sAhitya isa bAta kA ullekha karatA hai ki antima anubaddha kevalI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa (vIra ni0 saM0 62 = IsA pUrva 465) ke pazcAt donoM saMghoM kI AcAryaparamparA bhinna-bhinna ho gayI thii| yaha isa tathya kA jvalanta pramANa hai ki zvetAmbarasaMgha kA udaya IsApUrva 465 meM ho gayA thaa| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya (IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI) meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke phalasvarUpa nirgranthasaMgha kA jo dUsarA vibhAjana huA thA, usase zvetAmbarasaMgha nahIM. apita ardhaphAlakasaMgha astitva meM AyA thA. jo Age calakara IsA kI dvita zatAbdI meM zvetAmbarasaMgha meM vilIna ho gyaa| isa AgamapramANa se bhI kSullaka jinendra varNI jI kI kalpanA atyanta aprAmANika siddha hotI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ninyAnave] gha-yaha mAnyatA bhI aprAmANika hai ki ardhaphAlakasaMgha vi0 saM0 136 (I0 san 79) meM zvetAmbarasampradAya ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA thA, kyoMki mathurA ke kaMkAlITIle kI khudAI meM jo jinapratimAe~ upalabdha huI haiM, ve prathama zatAbdI I0 kI haiM, unameM se kucha ardhaphAlaka sampradAya ke sAdhuoM dvArA pratiSThApita kI gayI thiiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki ardhaphAlakasampradAya IsA kI prathama zatI taka zvetAmbarasaMgha meM vilIna nahIM huA thaa| isa pramANa se bhI kSullaka jinendra varNI kI yaha mAnyatA nirasta ho jAtI hai ki jinacandra ne vi0 saM0 136 (I0 san 79) meM zvetAmbarasaMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| Ga-kSullaka jinendra varNI ne bhAvasaMgraha (prAkRta) ke anusAra jinacandra ko vi0 saM0 136 (I0 san 79) meM zvetambarasaMgha kA saMsthApaka mAnA hai aura kucha varSoM bAda unake digambarasaMgha meM lauTane aura I0 san 96 meM unake dvArA kundakunda ko dIkSA diye jAne kI kalpanA kI hai| kintu di iNDiyana aiNTikverI kI nandisaMghIya paTTAvalI meM batalAyA gayA hai ki kundakunda kA janma IsA se 52 varSa pUrva huA thA aura IsA se 8 varSa pUrva 44 varSa kI Ayu meM unhoMne munidIkSA grahaNa kI thii| isa pramANa ke anusAra kundakunda kI munidIkSA kSullaka jinendra varNI jI ke kalpita samaya se 104 varSa pahale hI ho gayI thI, ataH kSullaka jI kA mata pramANaviruddha hai| ca-AcArya jinacandra kundakunda ke guru the aura 'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' meM prakAzita paTTAvalI meM unakA paTTArohaNakAla kundakunda ke paTTArohaNakAla (vi0 saM0 49 = IsApUrva 8) se 9 varSa pUrva (vi0 saM0 40 = IsApUrva 17 meM) batalAyA gayA hai| isa pramANa se siddha hotA hai ki kSullaka jinendravarNI ne vi0 saM0 136 arthAt I0 san 79 meM jisa jinacandra ko zAntyAcArya kA vadha kara zvetAmbarasaMgha kA saMsthApaka tathA I0 san 96 meM kundakunda kA dIkSAguru mAnA hai, vaha unakA dIkSAguru ho hI nahIM sktaa| saca to yaha hai ki usakA astitva hI nahIM thA, kyoMki bhadrabAhucarita ke kartA ratnanandI ne zAntyAcArya ke sthAna meM sthUlAcArya ke vadha kI bAta kahI hai, aura kisI jinacandra ko vadhakartA na batalAkara sabhI virodhI muniyoM ko vadhakartA batalAyA hai| (adhyAya 6/pra.1 / shii.8)| isake atirikta vi0 saM0 136 meM zvetAmbaramata kI utpatti huI hI nahIM thI, vaha jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt arthAt IsApUrva 465 meM hI ho gayI thI tathA ardhaphAlakasampradAya kA bhI zvetAmbarIkaraNa vi0 saM0 136 arthAt 79 I0 meM na hokara usake sau-pacAsa varSa bAda huA thaa| 8. AcArya jayasena ne paMcAstikAya aura pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki AcArya kundakunda ne zivakumAra mahArAja ke pratibodhanArtha ina granthoM kI racanA kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ sau ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 thii| isa AdhAra para DaoN0 ke0 bI0 pAThaka ne anumAna lagAyA hai ki vikrama kI chaThI zatI (5 vIM zatI I0) ke kadambavaMzIya rAjA zrIvijaya - zivamRgezavarmA ke lie ukta grantha race gaye the, ataH kundakunda vikrama kI chaThI zatI ( pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0) meM hue the| kintu, AcArya jayasena ne pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavRtti meM prathama prastAvanAvAkya ke dvArA zivakumAra kA jo varNana kiyA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki ve rAjA nahIM the, apitu koI arAjavaMzIya puruSa the| ataH DaoN0 pAThaka kA mata nirasta ho jAtA hai| (adhyAya 10 / pra.2 / zI. 1) / 9. muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne kundakunda ko digambarajainamata kA pravartaka mAnA hai aura DaoN0 ke0 bI0 pAThaka ko pramANa mAnate hue, yaha bhI mAnA hai ki rAjA zrIvijaya - zivamRgezavarmA kundakunda ke ziSya the, isalie kundakunda vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM hue the| kintu ukta rAjA ke devagiri - tAmrapatralekha (470 - 490 I0 ) meM zvetapaTamahAzramaNa saMgha aura nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha ko grAmadAna kiye jAne kA ullekha hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki digambarajaina - paramparA (nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha) ukta rAjA ke pahale se calI A rahI thI / ataH muni jI kI kundakunda ke digambara jainamata - pravartaka hone kI mAnyatA se siddha hotA hai ki kundakunda bhI rAjA zrIvijaya - zivamRgezavarmA se bahuta pahale hue the / tathA, yadi kundakunda isa rAjA ke guru hote, to yaha rAjA tAmrapatralekha meM unake nAma kA ullekha avazya karatA / kintu, nahIM kiyA, isase spaSTa hotA hai ki kundakunda zrIvijaya - zivamRgezavarmA ke guru nahIM the| ina do hetuoM se bhI kundakunda ke vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM hone kA mata nirasta ho jAtA hai| muni kalyANavijaya jI ne vikrama kI chaThI zatI ke samarthana meM aura bhI aneka hetu prastuta kiye haiM, ve bhI nirasta ho jAte haiN| yathA 9. 1. hetu - niyamasAra meM vi0 saM0 512 meM racita 'lokavibhAga' nAmaka grantha kA ullekha hai| nirasana - niyamasAra meM 'loyavibhAge' (ekavacanAnta) pada nahIM hai, apitu 'loyavibhAgesu' ('lokavibhAgoM meM' - ' bahuvacanAnta) paMda hai| ataH yaha kisI svatantra grantha kA nAma nahIM hai, apitu lokAnuyoga-viSayaka prakaraNasamUha kA vAcaka hai| 9.2. hetu -- samayasAra meM tRtIya zatI I0 ke viSNukartRtvavAda kA ullekha hai| nirasana - viSNukartRtvavAda RgvedakAlIna hai| 9. 3. hetu - SaTprAbhRtoM meM paravartI caityAdi evaM zithilAcArI muniyoM kA varNana hai / nirasana - caityagRha - pratimAdi IsApUrvakAlIna haiM aura 'pAsattha' Adi zithilAcArI muniyoM kA astitva anAdi se hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau eka] 9.4. hetu-jisa markarA-tAmrapatra meM kundakundAnvaya kA ullekha hai, usameM 7vIM sadI I0 meM pracalita hue 'bhaTAra' zabda kA prayoga hai| nirasana-AdarasUcaka 'bhaTAra' zabda kA pracalana prAcIna hai| 9.5. hetu-koI bhI paTTAvalI vIra ni0 saM0 ke anusAra racita nahIM hai| nirasana-'tiloyapaNNattI' Adi meM vIra-nirvANAnusAra hI kAlagaNanA hai| (adhyAya 10 / pra.2 / shii.6)| 10. paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA mAnate haiM ki kundakunda 'tattvArthasUtra' kI racanA ke bAda arthAt tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI I0 ke pazcAt hue the| isa mata ke samarthana meM unake dvArA upasthita kiye gaye sabhI hetu asatya haiN| yathA 10.1. hetu-umAsvAti ke 'tattvArtha' meM varNita jainadarzana kI apekSA AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM pratipAdita jainadarzana kA rUpa vikasita hai| udAharaNArtha unhoMne brahmAdvaita aura vijJAnAdvaita kA anukaraNa kara jainadarzana ko advaitavAda ke nikaTa lAkara khar3A kara diyA hai| nirasana-brahmAdvaitavAda meM brahmarUpa eka hI dravya kA astitva mAnya hai, usakI saMkhyA bhI eka hI mAnI gayI hai, aura usameM dravya aura guNa kA bheda bhI nahIM mAnA gayA hai| isa taraha vaha ekAnta advaitavAda hai| kundakunda ne chaha dravyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, unameM bhI jIvadravya kI saMkhyA ananta aura pudgala kI anantAnanta batalAyI hai, sAtha hI pratyeka dravya meM lakSaNabheda kI dRSTi se dravya aura guNa kA bheda bhI batalAyA hai aura sattA kI dRSTi se unameM abheda bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra kundakunda ne dvaita aura advaita donoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jo vastutaH dvaitAdvaitarUpa dvaita hI hai| ataH kundakunda dvArA pratipAdita jainadarzana brahmAdvaitavAda ke nikaTa to kyA, itanA adhika dUra hai jitanA dharatI se aakaash| (adhyAya 10/pra.4 / shii.2)| 10.2. hetu-paMcAstikAya kI 'sassadamadha ucchedaM' ityAdi gAthA (37) se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya kundakunda na kevala purAne 'zAzvatavAda' aura 'ucchedavAda' se, balki navIna 'vijJAnAdvaita' aura 'zUnyavAda' se bhI paricita the| nirasana-ukta gAthA meM varNita 'zAzvata'-'uccheda', 'zUnya'-'vijJAna' Adi parasparavirodhI vAda nahIM haiM, apitu jIva dravya ke parasparaviruddha dharmayugala haiN| 10.3. hetu-kundakunda ne samayasAra (gAthA 321-323) meM viSNu ke jagatkartRtva kI mAnyatA aura AtmA ke jagatkartRtva kI mAnyatA, donoM ko vyavahAranaya kI apekSA For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau do] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 samAnarUpa se satya batalAyA hai| yaha tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA kundakunda ke granthoM meM pAye jAnevAle jainadarzana ke vikasita rUpa kA dUsarA udAharaNa hai| nirasana-samayasAra kI ukta gAthAoM kI yaha vyAkhyA kundakunda ke mata ke sarvathA pratikUla hai| unhoMne to una gAthAoM meM yaha kahA hai ki jagatkartRtva-sambandhI ukta donoM mAnyatAe~ mithyA haiN| 10.4. hetu-kundakunda ne zubha, azubha aura zuddha kI avadhAraNAe~ sAMkhyakArikA se grahaNa kI haiN| nirasana-kundakunda ne svayaM kahA hai ki 'maiMne zrutakevalI ke upadeza ko hI samayasAra meM varNita kiyA hai'-"vocchAmi samayapAhuDamiNamo suyakevalIbhaNiyaM" (sa.sA. / gaa.1)| ataH sAMkhyakArikA se grahaNa karane kI dhAraNA kapolakalpita hai| 10.5. hetu-kundakunda ne sAMkhyamata kA anukaraNa kara AtmA ko kartA aura akartA kahA hai| nirasana-isa mAnyatA kA koI pramANa nahIM hai| kundakunda kA samasta tattvanirUpaNa zrutakevalI ke upadeza para Adharita hai 10.6. hetu-kundakunda ne sAMkhyadarzana se prabhAvita hokara AtmA ke akartRtva kA samarthana aura karmoM ke lie 'prakRti' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| nirasana-sAMkhyadarzana puruSa (AtmA) ko sarvathA akartA aura prakRti ko sarvathA kI mAnatA hai| kintu kundakunda ne ina donoM ke sarvathA akartRtva aura sarvathA kartRtva kA niSedha kiyA hai| isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki kundakunda ne sAMkhyadarzana se prabhAvita hokara 'puruSa' ke sarvathA akartRtva kA samarthana kiyA hai| tathA 'karmoM' ke lie 'prakRti' zabda kA prayoga kundakunda se pUrvavartI SaTkhaNDAgama meM milatA hai, taba yaha kathana bhI mithyA siddha ho jAtA hai ki kundakunda ne sAMkhyadarzana se 'prakRti' zabda grahaNa kiyA hai| 10.7. hetu-tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA kundakunda-sAhitya meM pratipAdya viSaya kI vividhatA aura vyAkhyA-dRSTAntAdi-kRta vistAra hai| yaha tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA kundakundasAhitya ke arvAcIna hone kA lakSaNa hai| nirasana-kisI grantha ke saMkSepa aura vistAra kA kAraNa prayojanabheda aura karttAgata rucibheda hai, kAla kI pUrvAparatA nhiiN| yadi grantha ke laghurUpa ko prAcInatA kA aura vistRtarUpa ko arvAcInatA kA lakSaNa mAnA jAya, to sabhI zvetAmbara- aMga' aura 'upAMga' For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau tIna] tattvArthasUtra se arvAcIna siddha hoMge, kyoMki ve 'tattvArthasUtra' se kaI gunA vistRta haiM, tathA unameM viSaya kA vaividhya aura navInatA bhI hai, arthAt unameM una viSayoM kA varNana hai, jo tattvArthasUtra meM nahIM haiN| isake atirikta tattvArthasUtra meM vyAkhyA-dRSTAntAdigata vistAra ko chor3akara aisA viSayavaividhya yA viSayavistAra tathA vizeSIkaraNa-vibhedIkaraNa Adi bhI vidyamAna haiM, jo kundakundasAhitya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hote| (adhyAya 10/ pr.4)| isa prakAra mAnya mAlavaNiyA jI ne tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA kundakundasAhitya meM jainadarzana ke rUpa ko vikasita mAna kara, kundakunda ko tattvArthasUtrakAra se arvAcIna arthAt tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI I0 ke bAda kA sAbita karane ke lie jo hetu prastuta kiye haiM, ve sabhI mithyA siddha ho jAte haiN| ataH yaha nirNaya abAdhita ThaharatA hai ki AcArya kundakunda IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM hue the| 11. kisI bhI zvetAmbara-Agama meM guNasthAna-siddhAnta kA pratipAdana nahIM hai| samavAyAMga meM 14 guNasthAnoM ke nAma varNita haiM, kintu ve prakSipta haiN| bhagavatIsUtra, prajJApanAsUtra Adi meM guNasthAnoM ke nAma-jaise 13 zabda upalabdha hote haiM, kintu unakA guNasthAnasiddhAnta se koI sambandha nahIM hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne tattvArthasUtra ko svakalpita uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA (pA~cavIM zatI I0 se pUrvavartI) meM racita mAnakara usameM bhI guNasthAna-siddhAnta kA abhAva batalAyA hai| aura cU~ki SaTkhaNDAgama, kundakundasAhitya, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi meM guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, ataH DaoNkTara sA0 kA mata hai ki guNasthAnasiddhAnta tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke bAda vikasita huA hai| isalie samayasAra, niyamasAra, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA Adi kI racanA tattvArthasUtra (zvetAmbaramatAnusAra tIsarI-cauthI zatI I0) ke bahuta bAda, chaThI zatI I0 ke uttarArdha meM athavA usake bhI bAda huI hai (adhyAya 10/pra.5 / shii.1)| arthAt kundakunda chaThI yA sAtavIM zatI I0 ke AcArya haiN| DaoNkTara sA0 ne tattvArthasUtra meM guNasthAnasiddhAnta ke abhAva kA hetu yaha batalAyA hai ki usameM na to 'guNasthAna' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, na hI caudaha guNasthAnoM ke nAma eka sAtha batalAye gaye haiN| guNazreNinirjarAsUtra meM jo guNasthAnoM ke nAma Aye haiM, unheM DaoNkTara sA0 ne guNasthAna na kahakara AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avasthA kahA hai| DaoNkTara sA0 kI yaha mAnyatA pratyakSa pramANa kA sarAsara apalApa hai| yaha nimnalikhita pramANoM se siddha hai ka-tattvArthasUtra meM guNasthAnoM kA ullekha na kevala guNazreNinirjarAsUtra meM hai, apitu parISahoM, dhyAnabhedoM, AhArakazarIra aura paJcacAritraprakAroM ke varNana-prasaMga meM bhI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau cAra] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kha-tattvArthasUtra meM nau guNasthAnoM kA kathana zabdataH hai, aura pA~ca kA arthtH| isa prakAra usameM caudahoM guNasthAnoM kA varNana hai| ga-tattvArthasUtra ke guNazreNinirjarAsUtra meM upazamaka aura kSapaka zreNiyoM kA ullekha tathA anantaviyojaka evaM darzanamohakSapaka saMjJAoM kA prayoga tattvArthasUtrakAra ke guNasthAnasiddhAnta-viSayaka gahana aura sUkSma jJAna kA paricAyaka hai| gha-tattvArthasUtra kA sampUrNa viSayapratipAdana guNasthAna-kendrita hai aura usakI guNasthAna-kendritatA sarvamAnya hai| Ga-tattvArthasUtra meM jisa karmavyavasthA kA prarUpaNa hai, usase caturdaza-guNasthAnavyavasthA svataH siddha hotI hai| ataH guNasthAna-vyavasthA utanI hI prAcIna hai, jitanI tattvArthasUtra meM varNita krmvyvsthaa| __ca-tattvArthasUtra meM ullikhita samyagdRSTi, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata Adi avasthAe~ lakSaNataH guNasthAna haiN| unheM kevala isalie guNasthAna na mAnanA ki unake sAtha 'guNasthAna' zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai, vaisI hI kathA hai, jaise koI hAthI ko sAkSAt khar3A huA dekhakara bhI use isalie hAthI na mAne ki usake Upara 'hAthI' zabda nahIM likhA hai| cha-'tattvArtha' ke guNazreNinirjarAsUtra meM ullikhita 'samyagdRSTi', 'zrAvaka', 'virata' Adi avasthAe~ guNasthAna hI haiM, unake lie 'AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avasthAe~' zabda kA prayoga Agamokta nahIM hai, svakalpita hai| isa zabda kA prayoga to tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bhI nahIM kiyaa| ja-zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM na to guNasthAnoM kI mAnyatA hai, na guNazreNinirjarA ke sthAnoM kii| 'samavAyAMga' aura 'AcArAMganiyukti' meM inakA praveza SaTkhaNDAgama se huA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI vahIM se Aye haiN| isa prakAra guNasthAnasiddhAnta tattvArthasUtra se pUrvavartI hai| phalasvarUpa usake vikasita hone kI mAnyatA aprAmANika hai| ataH yaha mata bhI pramANaviruddha hai ki kundakunda tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke bAda chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 meM hue the| isa prakAra AcArya kundakunda IsA-pUrvottara prathama zatI meM hue the, yaha mata akSuNNa rahatA hai| 12. DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA dUsarA tarka yaha hai ki tattvArthasUtra tathA usake umAsvAtikRta bhASya meM nayapramANa-saptabhaMgI kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai, jaba ki kundakunda ke paMcAstikAya meM usakA spaSTa zabdoM meM varNana hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke racanAkAla taka saptabhaMgI kA bhI vikAsa nahIM huA thA, ataH tattvArthasUtra kundakunda For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau pA~ca] se pUrva kI racanA hai| isalie kundakunda tattvArthasUtrakAra ke bAda vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM hue the| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kI yaha dhAraNA bhI mithyA hai| saptabhaMgI kI carcA tattvArthasUtra se bahuta pahale ke granthoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| zvetAmbara-Agama bhagavatIsUtra (vyAkhyAprajJapti) meM sAtoM bhaMgoM kA ullekha hai tathA bAdarAyaNa vyAsa (500 I0 pU0 - 200 I0 pU0) ne brahmasUtra meM saptabhaMgI kI AlocanA kI hai| ataH paMcAstikAya meM usakA varNana hone se kundakunda tattvArthasUtrakAra se uttaravartI siddha nahIM hote| 13. pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI ne aprAmANika hetuoM ke dvArA AcArya kundakunda kA sthitikAla 8vIM zatAbdI I0 siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unake dvArA prastuta hetuoM kA nirasana nIce kiyA jA rahA hai 13.1. hetu-AThavIM zatI I0 se pUrvavartI granthoM meM kundakunda kA ullekha nahIM hai| nirasana-prathama zatI I0 kI 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' aura 'mUlAcAra' meM kundakunda ke granthoM kI gAthAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| prathama-dvitIya zatI I0 meM racita 'tattvArthasUtra' ke aneka sUtroM kI racanA kundakunda ke granthoM ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| dvitIya zatI I0 kI 'tiloyapaNNattI' meM bhI kundakunda kI darjanoM gAthAe~ AtmasAt kI gayI haiN| pA~cavIM zatI I0 meM hue pUjyapAdasvAmI ne 'sarvArthasiddhiTIkA' meM kundakunda ke granthoM kI kaI gAthAe~ uddhRta kI haiM aura 'iSTopadeza' tathA 'samAdhitantra' meM aneka gAthAoM kA saMskRta zlokoM meM parivartana kiyA hai| chaThI zatI I0 ke 'paramAtmaprakAza' evaM 7 vIM zatI I0 ke 'varAMgacarita' meM bhI unakI gAthAoM ko kramazaH apabhraMza-dohoM evaM saMskRta zlokoM meM DhAlA gayA hai| ye AThavIM zatI I0 se pUrva ke granthoM meM kundakunda ke ullekha ke bahusaMkhyaka evaM akATya pramANa haiN| 13.2. hetu-jisa markarA-tAmrapatralekha (kra. 95) ko zakasaMvat 388 (I0 san 466) kA mAnA gayA hai aura jisameM kundakundAnvaya kA ullekha hai, vaha jAlI hai aura usameM ullikhita saMvat zakasaMvat nahIM hai| nirasana-markarA-tAmrapatralekha ke anusAra jina koGgaNi-mahAdhirAja avinIta ne kundakundAnvaya ke candaNaMdibhaTAra ko talavananagara ke jinAlaya ke lie badaNeguppe grAma apane mantrI ke hAtha se dAna karAyA thA, ve mahAdhirAja avinIta aura candraNaMdibhaTAra zakasaMvat 388 (466 I0) meM hI vidyamAna ho sakate haiM, usake bAda nahIM, yaha 425 I0 ke noNamaMgala-tAmrapatra-lekha (kra. 94) se pramANita hai, kyoMki usameM bhI una For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau chaha ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 donoM kA ullekha hai| ataH ukta saMvat zakasaMvat hI hai / yaha satya hai ki rAjA akAlavarSapRthuvIvallabha kRSNa tRtIya ( 937 - 968 I0) ke kAla meM markarA - tAmrapatroM kA punarlekhana karAyA gayA aura unameM grAmadAna kA vRttAnta to pUrvavat hI pUrvollikhita zakasaMvat 388 ke sAtha punaH likhavAyA gayA, kintu koGgaNi - mahAdhirAja avinIta ke mantrI ke sthAna meM akAlavarSa - pRthvIvallabha ke mantrI kA ullekha kara diyA gayA, yaha aneka yuktiyoM se siddha hotA hai / (adhyAya 10 / pra.1 / zI. 11) / ataH vaha aMzata: kRtrima hai, pUrNata: nhiiN| isalie kundakundAnvaya kA zakasaMvat 388 ( I0 san 466 ) aura usase pUrva meM tathA kundakunda kA IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM vidyamAna honA asiddha nahIM hotA / 13.3. hetu - AcArya kundakunda ne 8 vIM zatI I0 ke rAjA zivamAra ke lie pravacanasAra kI racanA kI thI / nirasana - AcArya jayasena ne zivamAra ke lie nahIM, zivakumAra ke lie pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya ke race jAne kA kathana kiyA hai aura ve rAjA nahIM the, balki arAjavaMzIya sAmAnya puruSa the / 13.4. hetu - AcArya jayasena ne paMcAstikAya kI tAtparyavRtti meM kumAranandisiddhAntadeva ko kundakunda kA guru kahA hai / ve 8vIM zatI I0 meM hue the, yaha zakasaMvat 730 ( I0 808) ke vadanoguppe - tAmrapaTTa - dAnapatra se siddha hai / nirasana -- ukta dAnapatra meM 'kumAraNandibhaTAra' aura 'elavAcAryaguru' nAma ullikhita haiN| 'kumAranandisiddhAntadeva' aura 'kumAraNandibhaTAra' tathA 'elAcArya' aura 'elavAcAryaguru' ina nAmoM meM bahuta antara hai / inake ekatva kI puSTi karanevAlA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| ataH kundakunda ko 8 vIM zatI I0 meM vidyamAna mAnanA aprAmANika hai / 13.5. hetu - kundakunda ne liMgaprAbhRta ( liMgapAhuDa) meM muniyoM kI jina zithila - cArI pravRttiyoM para prahAra kiyA hai, ve chaThI zatI I0 ke bAda kI ghaTanAe~ haiM / r nirasana - kundakunda ne unheM anAdi pravRtta kahA hai| 13.6. hetu - chaThI zatI I0 meM racita SaTkhaNDAgama para kundakunda ne TIkA likhI hai| nirasana - SaTkhaNDAgama IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha kI racanA hai| 13.7. hetu - kundakunda ne chaThI zatI I0 meM racita yApanIyagrantha 'mUlAcAra' kA anukaraNa kara 'samayasAra' meM 'pratikramaNAdi ko viSakumbha' kahanevAlI gAthA (306) For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau sAta] racI hai| usameM jo kundakunda ke granthoM kI gAthAe~ milatI haiM, ve usa samaya prakSipta kI gayI haiM, jaba vaha yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se digambaroM ke pAsa aayaa| usameM chaThI zatI I0 ke AraMbha meM racita zvetAmbara-niyuktiyoM kI gAthAe~ milatI haiM, isalie vaha (mUlAcAra) chaThI zatI I0 ke uttarArdha meM racA gayA hai| nirasana-mUlAcAra digambaragrantha hai, kyoMki usameM yApanIyamata-viruddha siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai| isalie vaha yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se digambaroM ke pAsa AyA hai, isa kalpanA ke lie sthAna nahIM hai| ataeva usameM kundakunda ke granthoM kI gAthAe~ prakSipta kiye jAne kI kalpanA nirAdhAra hai| mUlAcAra ke kartA ne svayaM unheM kundakunda ke granthoM se grahaNa kiyA hai| usameM chaThI zatI ke AraMbha meM racita zvetAmbara-niyuktiyoM kI gAthAe~ nahIM haiM, balki usakI gAthAe~ zvetAmbara-niyuktiyoM meM hai, ataH use chaThI zatI I0 meM racita mAnanA nirAdhAra hai| vaha IsA kI prathama zatI ke uttarArdha kI kRti hai| 13.8. hetu-kundakunda ke granthoM meM chaThI zatI I0 ke zvetAmbara-prakIrNaka granthoM kI gAthAe~ haiN| nirasana-isake viparIta zvetAmbara-prakIrNaka granthoM meM kundakunda ke granthoM kI gAthAe~ haiM, kyoMki kundakunda IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM hue the| 13.9. hetu-chaThI zatI I0 ke siddhasena divAkara aura mallavAdI ne nizcayanaya kA prayoga gaharAI aura vistAra se nahIM kiyA, kundakunda ne kiyA hai, ataH ve uttaravartI haiN| nirasana-vaMtAmbaraparamparA meM dravyAnuryAga aura caraNAnuryAga kA adhyAtmapakSa surakSita nahIM rahA, isalie usameM nizcayanaya ke gahana aura vistRta prayoga ke lie avasara hI nahIM thaa| hotA, to ve bhI vaisA hI krte| 13.10. hetu-kundakunda ne AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa ke pratipAdana meM 8vIM zatI I0 ke vedAntika gauDapAda kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| nirasana-kundakunda ne svayaM kahA hai ki unhoMne zrutakevalI ke upadeza ke AdhAra para apane granthoM kI racanA kI hai| 13.11. hetu-'samaya' zabda bahuta pahale se 'mata' (svamata-paramata) ke artha meM prasiddha thA, kundakunda ne use 'AtmA' ke artha meM pracalita kara diyA, jo navIna hone ke kAraNa kundakunda ko arvAcIna siddha karatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau ATha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nirasana-'AtmA' ke artha meM bhI 'samaya' zabda kA prayoga paramparAgata hai| 13.12. hetu-kundakunda ne upayoga ke zubha aura azubha bhedoM ke atirikta tIsare 'zuddha' bheda ko bhI janma diyA hai| yaha 8 vIM zatI I0 se pahale ajJAta thaa| nirasana-AThavIM zatI ke pahale se lekara IsA kI prathama zatI taka ke granthoM meM bhI zuddhopayoga kA ullekha milatA hai| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, sarvArthasiddhi Adi grantha isake pramANa haiN| 13.13. hetu-kundakunda syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI se paricita haiM, jaba ki umAsvAti aura siddhasena aparicita haiN| nirasana-umAsvAti ne 'tattvArtha' ke aneka sUtroM kI racanA kundakunda ke granthoM ke AdhAra para kI hai| ataH ve syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI se paricita bhale na hoM, kundakunda se haiN| 13.14. hetu-AtmA ke bahirAtmAdi tIna bhedoM ko pUjyapAda devanandI ne upaniSadoM se grahaNa kiyA hai aura devanandI se kundakunda ne| devanandI 7 vIM zatI I0 meM hue the, ataH kundakunda unase uttaravartI haiN| nirasana-kundakunda ne apane granthoM meM sampUrNa tattvanirUpaNa zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke upadeza ke AdhAra para kiyA hai, ataH bahirAtmAdi bhedoM ko upaniSadoM se grahaNa karane kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| tathA pUjyapAda svAmI ne 'sarvArthasiddhi' meM kundakunda ke granthoM kI gAthAe~ uddhRta kI haiM aura aneka gAthAoM ko apane 'samAdhizataka' evaM 'iSTopadeza' meM saMskRta zlokoM meM DhAlA hai| ataH ve kundakunda se paravartI haiN| tathA pUjyapAda devanandI 5vIM zatI I0 meM hue the, 7 vIM meM nhiiN| 14. zvetAmbara vidvAn DaoN0 Ara0 ke0 candra kA kathana hai ki kundakunda ke 'SaTprAbhRta' meM apabhraMzabhASA kA prayoga hai, isalie usakA racanAkAla apabhraMzayuga (pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI I0) meM calA jAtA hai| DaoN0 candra kA apabhraMza-prayoga ko IsA kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI se sambaddha karanA samIcIna nahIM hai| itihAsakAra zrI cimanalAla jaicaMda zAha kA mata hai ki IsApUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke khAravela-hAthIgumphAbhilekha meM apabhraMza ke prayoga milate haiN| prathama zatAbdI I0 meM hue mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke 'vikramorvazIya' nATaka meM apabhraMza ke padya milate haiM, jinheM prAkRtabhASAvid jarmana vidvAn DaoN. ricArDa pizala ne maulika batalAyA hai| IsApUrva tRtIya zatAbdI ke azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM to hindI ke prayoga bhI milate haiM, aura svayaM DaoN0 Ara0 ke0 candra ne IsApUrva pA~cavIM zatI kI kRti mAne jAnevAle For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau nau] 'dazavaikAlikasUtra' meM hindI zabdoM ke prayoga ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| (adhyAya 10/pr.7)| ataH 'SaTprAbhRta' meM apabhraMza-prayoga upalabdha hone se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki kundakunda IsA kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatAbdI meM hue the| apabhraMzaprayoga se unakA IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM vidyamAna honA bAdhita nahIM hotaa| 15. pro0 hIrAlAla jI jaina ne (jo digambara jaina the) eka cauMkAnevAle kapolakalpita itihAsa ke AdhAra para AcArya kundakunda kA samaya vIranirvANa ke 650 varSa bAda arthAt IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI (IsApUrva 650-527 = 123 I0) meM batalAyA hai| unhoMne apane 'jaina itihAsa kA eka: vilupta adhyAya' nAmaka zodhapatra meM, jo 'akhila bhAratIya prAcyasammelana ke 12 veM adhivezana' (I0 san 1944) meM par3hA thA, kevala nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke kartA digambara zivArya, tuSamASaghoSaka digambaramuni zivabhUti, zvetAmbara-kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita zivabhUti tathA boTikasampradAya ke saMsthApaka zivabhUti, ina cAroM ko eka hI vyakti batalAyA hai| isI prakAra digambara bhadrabAhu-dvitIya evaM digambara samantabhadra tathA zvetAmbara bhadrabAhudvitIya evaM zvetAmbara sAmantabhadra ko bhI eka hI vyakti siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| aura maje kI bAta yaha hai ki isa abhinnatA ke dvArA zvetAmbaraparamparA ke zivabhUti evaM bhadrabAhu-dvitIya Adi kA digambarIkaraNa na kara, digambara zivArya (zivabhUti), digambara bhadrabAha-dvitIya aura digambara samantabhadra kA zvetAmbarIkaraNa kiyA hai| kyoMki prophesara sA0 kI mAnyatA hai ki usa samaya digambaramata kI utpatti hI nahIM huI thI, usakA pravartana to dvitIya zatAbdI I0 meM kundakunda ne kiyA thaa| isa prakAra ve zivabhUti aura bhadrabAhu-dvitIya ko zvetAmbara aura boTika donoM mAnate haiM, digambara kisI ko bhI nahIM maante| yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya hai ki prophesara hIrAlAla jI ne bhI boTikasampradAya ko yApanIyasampradAya kA pUrvarUpa mAnA hai| prophesara sA0 Age batalAte haiM ki zvetAmbara-boTika zivabhUti ke ziSya bane zvetAmbara bhadrabAhu-dvitIya tathA zvetAmbaraboTika bhadrabAhu-dvitIya ke ziSya hue kundkund| zivabhUti ke dUsare ziSya ghoSanandI hue aura unake ziSya hue umaasvaati| ___ isa prakAra prophesara sA0 ne kundakunda ko Arambha meM zvetAmbara aura boTika donoM mAnA hai| kintu ve kahate haiM ki Age calakara kundakunda ne savastramukti aura strImukti kA sarvathA niSedha kara diyA aura isa prakAra digambaramata kA pravartana kiyaa| kintu unake isa kaThoramArga ke pravartana se asahamata tathA zivabhUti ke ApavAdika savastramukti aura strImukti ke samarthaka muniyoM ne umAsvAti ke netRtva meM pRthak yApanIyasaMgha banA liyaa| (adhyAya 10 / pr.8/shii.1)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau dasa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nirasana-prophesara sA0 kI yaha udbhAvanA sarvathA asaMgata hai| uparyukta cAroM zivabhUti eka hI vyakti nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki unake sampradAya, mAnyatAe~ , sthitikAla aura caritra alaga-alaga haiN| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita zivabhUti zvetAmbaraparamparA ke haiN| pA~cavIM zatI I0 meM jaba devarddhigaNi-kSamAzramaNa kalpasUtra ko pustakArUr3ha kara rahe the, taba bhI unhoMne ukta zivabhUti ko zvetAmbara-sthavirAvalI meM sthAna diyA hai| isase siddha hai ki ve pA~cavI zatAbdI I0 taka zvetAmbarAcArya hI mAne jAte the aura zvetAmbaroM ke lie pUjya the, jaba ki boTika-sampradAya-pravartaka zivabhUti zvetAmbarasAhitya ke anusAra prathama zatAbdI I0 meM hI zvetAmbarasaMgha chor3akara boTika (digambara) mata kA pravartaka bana gayA thaa| tathA isake caritra kA jo citraNa zvetAmbarasAhitya meM kiyA gayA hai, vaha atyanta hIna hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi zvetAmbaragranthoM meM use ghora mithyAdRSTi, prabhUtatara-visaMvAdI aura paraliMgI kahA gayA hai| kyA isa zivabhUti kA kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM, mAnya zvetAmbarAcArya ke rUpa meM ullekha ho sakatA hai? kadApi nhiiN| ataH siddha hai ki kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM nirdiSTa Arya zivabhUti, boTika zivabhUti se sarvathA bhinna haiN| ___ isake atirikta 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' meM boTika zivabhUti ke guru kA nAma AryakRSNa batalAyA gayA hai, kintu kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM zivabhUti ko pahale namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura kRSNa (kaNha) ko 'zivabhUti', 'kosiya' tathA 'dujjata' ke baad| isase siddha hai ki sthavirAvalI-gata zivabhUti ke guru AryakRSNa nahIM haiM, ataH donoM zivabhUti bhinna-bhinna haiN| 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' ke kartA zivArya ne bhI apane tIna guruoM ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai : jinanandigaNI, sarvaguptagaNI aura mitrnndii| inameM bhI AryakRSNa kA nAma nahIM hai| ataH zivArya bhI ukta donoM zivabhUtiyoM se bhinna siddha hote haiN| phira zivArya ne apane ko pANitalabhojI kahA hai aura bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti evaM kevalibhukti Adi zvetAmbarIya mAnyatAoM kA niSedha kiyA hai| ye bhI isa bAta ke sabUta haiM ki zivArya kalpasUtrasthavirAvalI ke zivabhUti se bhinna haiN| pro0 hIrAlAla jI ne kahA hai ki zivabhUti ke uttarAdhikArI bhadrabAhu-dvitIya hue , kintu vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM batalAyA gayA hai ki zivabhUti kI guru ziSyaparamparA kauNDinya aura koTTavIra nAmaka ziSyoM se clii| yahA~ bhadrabAhu ke nAma kA eka akSara bhI nahIM hai| yaha sAhityika pramANa sAkSI hai ki prophesara sA0 kA yaha kathana bhI kapolakalpita hai| aura jaba yaha asatya siddha ho jAtA hai ki bhadrabAhudvitIya zivabhUti ke ziSya the, taba pro0 hIrAlAla jI kI batalAyI huI sArI guruziSyaparamparA banAvaTI sAbita ho jAtI hai| ataH yaha udbhAvanA bhI managaDhanta siddha ho jAtI For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau gyAraha] hai ki kundakunda bhadrabAhu-dvitIya ke ziSya the aura unhoMne Age calakara digambaramata claayaa| isake phalasvarUpa yaha kathana bhI asaMgata ThaharatA hai ki ve IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI meM hue the| eka vyakti eka hI samaya meM zvetAmbara (acelamukti kA niSedhaka), boTika (pro0 hIrAlAla jI kI mAnyatAnusAra apavAdarUpa se sacelamukti kA samarthaka) tathA digambara (sacelamukti kA niSedhaka), tInoM nahIM ho sktaa| eka vyakti eka hI samaya meM chadmastha aura kevalajJAnI donoM nahIM ho sktaa| aura eka vyakti IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI se lekara Isottara pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| kintu pro0 hIrAlAla jI ne ina anahoniyoM ko honI banAne kA adbhuta kauzala dikhalAyA hai| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita jina zivabhUti ko unhoMne prathama zatI I0 se pA~cavIM zatI I0 taka zvetAmbara mAnA hai, unhIM ko prathama zatI I0 meM boTika bhI mAna liyA hai, aura unhIM ko usI zatI meM digambara bhI mAna liyA hai, kyoMki digambara kundakunda ne unakI prazaMsA kI hai| aura AcArya kundakunda ne ina zivabhUti ko kevalajJAna prApta karanevAlA batalAyA hai (bhAvapAhuDa / gA.53), kintu sthavirAvalI-nirdiSTa zivabhUti tathA bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke kartA zivabhUti kevalajJAnI nahIM the| phira bhI prophesara sA0 ne ina sabako eka hI vyakti mAna liyA hai| isa prakAra eka hI vyakti ko eka hI samaya meM chadmastha aura kevalI, donoM banA diyA hai| tathA 'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' meM prakAzita nandisaMghIya paTTAvalI ke anusAra digambara-bhadrabAhu-dvitIya I0 pU0 53 meM AcArya pada para AsIna hue the, jaba ki zvetAmbara-bhadrabAhu-dvitIya kA astitvakAla pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI I0 hai| inako bhI eka hI vyakti mAnakara eka manuSya ko paJcamakAla meM pA~ca sau varSoM taka jIvita rahanevAlA siddha kara diyA hai| aisI ghora visaMgatiyoM se paripUrNa kapolakalpanAoM ke dvArA prophesara sA0 ne kundakunda ko digambaramata kA pravartaka aura dvitIya zatAbdI I0 meM utpanna siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| ataH unakA mata sarvathA aprAmANika aura agrAhya hai| (adhyAya 10 / pra. 8 / shii.2.7)| pro0 hIrAlAla jI jaina ke zivabhUti, zivArya aura zivakumAra ke ekatvaviSayaka mata kA khaNDana paM0 paramAnanda jI jaina zAstrI ne tathA zvetAmbara-bhadrabAhu-dvitIya evaM svAmI samantabhadra kI abhedaviSayaka mAnyatA kA nirasana nyAyAcArya paM0 darabArIlAla jI jaina koThiyA ne apane lekhoM meM anya aneka pramANoM ke dvArA kiyA hai| ukta lekha prastuta grantha meM uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| (adhyAya 10/ pra.8 / zI. 2.9 evaM 2.10) / 16. bra0 bhUrAmala jI ne kundakunda ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA aura paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne bhadrabAhu-dvitIya kA pratyakSa ziSya mAnakara unakA samakAlIna mAnA hai, For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau bAraha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 jo aneka kAraNoM se saMgata nahIM hai| pUrvoddhata pramANoM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki AcArya kundakunda IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM hue the| adhyAya 11-SaTkhaNDAgama ___ DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne SaTkhaNDAgama ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane ke lie jo hetu prastuta kiye haiM, ve yApanIyagrantha ke lakSaNa (asAdhAraNadharma) nahIM haiM, ataH unase vaha yApanIyagrantha siddha nahIM hotaa| unakA pradarzana aura nirasana nIce kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. hetu-SaTkhaNDAgama ke upadezaka AcArya dharasena kA nAma digambarapaTTAvaliyoM meM nahIM miltaa| yaha sUcita karatA hai ki dharasena digambaraparamparA se bhinna kisI anya paramparA ke AcArya the| nirasana-SaTkhaNDAgama ke upadezaka AcArya dharasena tathA kartAdvaya AcArya puSpadanta evaM bhUtabali ke nAma digambarapaTTAvalI aura digambarasAhitya meM anekatra upalabdha haiN| digambarajaina-sAhitya meM SaTkhaNDAgama ke kartAoM ke rUpa meM unakA ullekha hai aura SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kA itihAsa digambarajainasAhitya meM varNita hai| zaurasenI prAkRta meM likhita SaTkhaNDAgama kI tAr3apatrIya pratiyA~ mUDabidrI (karnATaka) ke digambaramaTha meM upalabdha huI haiN| digambarAcAryoM ne usa para TIkAe~ likhI haiN| digambarajaina-paramparA ke tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArtharAjavArtika meM usakA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| gommaTasAra jaisA mahAn grantha SaTakhaNDAgama ke hI AdhAra para racA gayA hai| kintu zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kI sthavirAvaliyoM aura sAhitya meM na to SaTkhaNDAgama ke upadezaka evaM kartAoM (dharasena, puSpadanta aura bhUtabali) ke nAma kA ullekha hai, na SaTkhaNDAgama kA, na SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA ke itihAsa kA koI vivaraNa hai, na hI ardhamAgadhI-prAkRta meM SaTkhaNDAgama kI koI prati upalabdha 2. hetu-nandisaMgha kI prAkRtapaTTAvalI yApanIyasaMgha kI paTTAvalI hai| usameM dharasena ke nAma kA ullekha hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki ve yApanIyasaMgha se sambaddha rahe haiN| nirasana-'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' meM prakAzita nandisaMgha kI prAkRtapaTTAvalI digambarapaTTAvalI hI hai, kyoMki usameM nandisaMgha ke sAtha 'mUlasaMgha' kA ullekha hai| yathA-"zrImUlasaGghapravare nandyAmnAye manohare" (zloka 2 / The Indian Antiquary, vol. XX, p.344) / prathama zubhacandrakRta nandisaMgha kI gurvAvalI meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki mUlasaMgha meM nandisaMgha utpanna huA-"zrImUlasaGgre'jani nndisngghH|" (zloka 2) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau teraha] mUlasaMghIya nandisaMgha se bhinnatA darzAne ke lie yApanIya-nandisaMgha ke sAtha sarvatra 'yApanIya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jaise-"yApanIyanandisaGgapunAgavRkSamUlagaNe (kaDaba-lekha/kra.124/ adhyAya 11/pr.3/shii.3)| AcArya dharasena kA ullekha mUlasaMghIya nandisaMgha kI prAkRta-paTTAvalI meM hai| isase siddha hai ki ve yApanIyasaMgha se nahIM, apitu mUlasaMgha se sambaddha the| ____3. hetu-dharasena ne apane puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ziSyoM ke lie joNipAhuDa grantha kI racanA kI thii| isa grantha kA sarvAdhika ullekha zvetAmbarasAhitya meM hai aura yaha zaurasenI meM likhita hai, isalie sambhAvanA hai ki isake upadezaka dharasena uttarabhArata kI avibhakta sacelAcela nirgranthaparamparA arthAt zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI samAna mAtRparamparA se sambaddha rahe hoNge| nirasana-isa paramparA kA astitva hI nahIM thA tathA DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne svayaM SaTkhaNDAgama meM guNasthAnasiddhAnta kA prarUpaNa hone se isake upadezaka AcArya dharasena ko IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM utpanna mAnakara apane ukta mata ko kapolakalpita siddha kara diyA hai| tathA dharasena ke 5vIM zatI I0 meM utpanna hone kA mata bhI aprAmANika hai, kyoMki AcArya kundakunda ne SaTkhaNDAgama para parikarma nAmaka TIkA likhI thI aura ve IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM hue the, isase siddha hai ki AcArya dharasena IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM vidyamAna the aura mUlasaMgha arthAt nimrantha-mahAzramaNasaMgha ke AcArya the| 4. hetu-dharasena ne puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ko mahAkarmaprakRti-prAbhRta kA upadeza diyA thA, jisake AdhAra para unhoMne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kI thii| mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRta uttarabhArata kI avibhakta-sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA meM nirmita huA thA, ataH dharasena isI paramparA ke AcArya siddha hote haiN| nirasana-isa paramparA kA astitva hI nahIM thA, ataH dharasena kA isa paramparA kA AcArya honA asaMbhava hai| 5. hetu-SaTkhaNDAgama kI aneka gAthAe~ zvetAmbaragranthoM kI gAthAoM se samAnatA rakhatI haiN| yaha sAmya tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba donoM kisI samAna pUrvaparamparA se sambaddha hoN| vaha samAna pUrvaparamparA uttarabhArata kI sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA thI, jisase zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI utpatti huI thii| isase siddha hotA hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hai| nirasana-tathAkathita uttarabhArata kI sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA kA astitva hI nahIM thA, ataH usase zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kI utpatti asaMbhava thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau caudaha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 ke samaya se ekamAtra ekAnta-acela-nirgranthaparamparA calI A rahI thii| usake vibhAjana se digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAoM kA udbhava huA thaa| ataH jo gAthAe~ digambaragrantha SaTkhaNDAgama aura tatsamakAlIna prajJApanAsUtra meM samAna haiM, ve donoM paramparAoM ko apanI mUla ekAnta-acela-nirgranthaparamparA se prApta huI haiN| aura jo samAna gAthAe~ prajJApanAsUtra meM nahIM haiM, apitu digambaragrantha SaTkhaNDAgama aura zvetAmbaragrantha Avazyakaniyukti, vizeSAvazyakabhASya Adi meM haiM. ve nizcita hI SaTakhaNDAgama se ina granthoM meM paha~cI haiM, kyoMki SaTkhaNDAgama kA racanAkAla IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai, jaba ki Avazyakaniyukti evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA kramazaH 505 I0 evaM 603 I0 hai| ataH SaTkhaNDAgama ko yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha siddha karanevAlA uparyukta hetu nirasta ho jAtA hai| tathA DaoNkTara sA0 ne svayaM hI pUrva meM use uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA kA grantha kahA hai, isase unake hI vacanoM se unakA yaha uttaramata nirasta ho jAtA 6. hetu-dharasena ke mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRta ke upadeza ke AdhAra para puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kI thii| ataH dharasena zvetAmbara-yApanIyamAtRparamparA ke AcArya the aura puSpadanta tathA bhUtabali yApanIyaparamparA ke| nirasana-puSpadanta aura bhUtabali, dharasena ke sAkSAt ziSya the, ataH samakAlIna the| aba yadi dharasena uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke AcArya the, to siddha hotA hai ki usa samaya usakA vibhAjana nahIM huA thA, aura vibhAjana nahIM huA thA, to (DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ke matAnusAra) usa samaya yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti nahIM huI thI, taba puSpadanta aura bhUtabali yApanIyaparamparA ke kaise ho sakate haiM ? yaha asaMbhava hai| dUsare, uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela nigranthasaMgha kA astitva hI nahIM thA, ataH dharasena ko ukta saMgha se sambaddha batalAnA bhI mithyA hai| 7. hetu-SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA se sambandhita AcArya dharasena, puSpadanta aura bhUtabali vastutaH kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita vajrasena, pusagiri aura bhUtadinna hI haiN| ataH SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA zvetAmbara-yApanIya-mAtRparamparA ke AcAryoM ne kI hai| nirasana-yadi SaTkhaNDAgama ke kartA vajrasena, pusagiri aura bhUtadinna hote, to SaTkhaNDAgama meM inhIM kA ullekha hotaa| mUla tAr3apatra prati meM vajrasena kI jagaha 'dharasena' aura 'pusagiri' kI jagaha 'puSpadanta' ye bilakula bhinna nAma tathA bhUtadinna ke sthAna meM 'bhUtabali' yaha AdhA bhinna nAma ho jAne kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| yataH SaTkhaNDAgama kI mUla tAr3apatra prati meM 'dharasena' 'puSpadanta' aura 'bhUtabali' nAma hI haiM aura inakA For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau pandraha] ullekha kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM nahIM haiM, ataH SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA zvetAmbarayApanIya-mAtRparamparA ke AcAryoM ne kI hai, yaha mata aprAmANika hai| isake atirikta ukta paramparA kapolakalpita hai tathA DaoNkTara sAgaramala jI ne hI SaTkhaNDAgama meM guNasthAnasiddhAnta kA pratipAdana hone se use IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI kA grantha mAnakara uparyukta paramparA meM usake race jAne kA mata nirasta kara diyA hai, aura isa prakAra svayaM hI svIkAra kara liyA hai ki unakI kalpanAe~ kitanI besirapaira kI haiN| unakA guNasthAnavikAsavAda bhI kapolakalpita hai, ataH isa AdhAra para SaTkhaNDAgama ko IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM racita mAnanA bhI aprAmANika hai| AcArya kundakunda IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM hue the aura unhoMne SaTkhaNDAgama para 'parikarma' nAmaka TIkA likhI thI, yaha isakA pramANa hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama IsApUrva prathama zatI ke pUrvArdha kA grantha hai aura mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM dvArA racA gayA hai| 8. hetu-SaTkhaNDAgama meM maNusiNI (manuSyastrI) meM saMyata-guNasthAna batalAye gaye haiN| maNusiNI kA artha kevala dravyastrI hai| use jo bhAvastrI kA bhI bAcaka mAnA gayA hai, vaha galata hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki grantha strImukti-samarthaka paramparA kA hai| yApanIya bhI strImukti samarthaka the, ataH isake kartA yApanIya hI hoNge| nirasana-SaTkhaNDAgama ko yApanIyaparamparA kA yA tathAkathita zvetAmbara-yApanIyamAtRparamparA kA grantha siddha karane ke lie prastuta kiye gaye uparyukta sabhI hetu nirasta ho jAte haiM, jisase siddha hai ki vaha na to yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hai, na zvetAmbarayApanIya-mAtRparamparA kA, apitu digambarajainaparamparA kA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM aise aneka siddhAnta haiM, jo yApanIyamata ke viruddha haiM, jinakA nirUpaNa Age kiyA jA rahA hai, unase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki vaha digambarajainAcAryoM kI kRti hai| aura digambarajainakarmasiddhAnta kI bhASA meM usa manuSya ko bhI bhAvaveda yA bhAvaliMga kI apekSA 'strI', 'manuSyinI' yA 'mAnuSI' kahA gayA hai, jo dravya (zarIra) se to puruSa hotA hai, kintu jisameM puruSavedanokaSAya kA udaya na hokara strIvedanokaSAya kA udaya hotA hai| digambaramata meM use bhI mukti kA pAtra mAnA gayA hai, isalie usameM caudahoM guNasthAnoM kA honA batalAyA gayA hai| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke nimnalikhita vacana isameM pramANa haiM ___ "mAnuSISu paryAptikAsu caturdazApi guNasthAnAni santi bhAvaliGgApekSayA, na drvylinggaapekssyaa| dravyaliGgApekSayA tu pnycaadyaani|" (tttvaarthraajvaartik/9/7/11/pR.605)| anuvAda-"paryAptikA mAnuSiyoM meM caudahoM guNasthAna hote haiM, kintu bhAvaliMga kI apekSA, na ki dravyaliMga kI apekssaa| dravyaliMga kI apekSA to Adi ke pA~ca hI hote haiN|" For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau solaha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 isa vaktavya meM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne strIvedanokaSAya ke udaya se yukta dravyapuruSa ko 'mAnuSI' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| ataH digambara-jaina-karmasiddhAnta kI bhASA ke anusAra SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhAvamanuSyinI meM hI saMyataguNasthAna batalAye gaye haiM, dravyamanuSyinI meM nhiiN| isalie usameM dravyastrI kI mukti kA pratipAdana mAnanA pramANasaMgata evaM nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| ___ isa prakAra SaTkhaNDAgama ko yApanIyaparamparA yA usakI mAtRparamparA kA grantha siddha karane ke lie prastuta kiye gaye uparyukta sabhI hetu nirasta ho jAte haiN| itanA hI nahIM, SaTkhaNDAgama meM aise aneka siddhAnta upalabdha hote haiM, jo yApanIyamata ke viruddha haiM, ata eva isa bAta ke sabUta haiM ki vaha digambarajaina paramparA ke atirikta yApanIyaparamparA yA anya kisI paramparA kA grantha ho hI nahIM sktaa| ve isa prakAra haiM 1. SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA yApanIya-sampradAya kI utpatti se lagabhaga cAra sau varSa pUrva ho cukI thii| SaTkhaNDAgama IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM racA gayA thA aura yApanIyasampradAya kA janma Isottara paJcama zatI ke prAraMbha meM huA thaa| 2. SaTkhaNDAgama kA guNasthAnasiddhAnta yApanIyasiddhAntoM ke sarvathA viruddha hai| isase nimnalikhita yApanIya-mAnyatAoM kA niSedha hotA hai-mithyAdRSTi kI mukti, paratIrthika mukti, gRhasthamukti, zubhAzubha kriyAoM meM pravRtta logoM kI mukti, samyagdRSTi kI strIparyAya meM utpatti tathA strI ko tIrthaMkarapada kI praapti| 3. SaTkhaNDAgama meM tIrthaMkaraprakRti-bandhaka solahakAraNoM kI svIkRti yApanIyamAnyatA ke viruddha hai, kyoMki yApanIya zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko pramANa mAnate the, isalie unake mata meM bIsa kAraNoM kI mAnyatA thii| 4. SaTkhaNDAgama meM savastra sthavirakalpa kI asvIkRti yApanIyamata kI asvIkRti hai| 5. SaTkhaNDAgama meM solaha kalpoM ('kalpa' nAmaka svargoM) kI mAnyatA yApanIyamAnyatA ke viparIta hai| yApanIyamata meM bAraha kalpa mAne gaye haiN| 6. SaTkhaNDAgama meM nau 'anudiza' nAmaka svargoM kA ullekha yApanIyamata ke viruddha hai| yApanIyamata meM inakA astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 7. SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhAvavedatraya aura vedavaiSamya svIkAra kiye gaye haiM, yApanIyamata meM inakA niSedha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau satraha] 8. SaTkhaNDAgama meM maNusiNI zabda kA prayoga dravyastrI aura bhAvastrI, donoM arthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| tadanusAra Adi ke pA~ca guNasthAnoM ke prasaMga meM vaha dravyastrI aura bhAvastrI donoM kA vAcaka hai, kintu zeSa guNasthAnoM ke prasaMga meM kevala bhAvastrI kaa| yApanIya-sampradAya ke strInirvANaprakaraNa meM 'manuSyinI' yA 'mAnuSI' zabda kA prayoga kevala dravyastrI ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yApanIyatva-samarthaka hetuoM kI anupalabdhi evaM yApanIyatva-virodhI tathA digambaratva-samarthaka hetuoM kI upalabdhi se siddha hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama, na to yApanIya sampradAya kA grantha hai, na zvetAmbarasampradAya kA aura na donoM kI tathAkathita mAtRparamparA kA, apitu ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI digambarajaina-paramparA kA grantha hai| adhyAya 12-kasAyapAhuDa zvetAmbara vidvAn DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne kasAyapAhuDa ko pahale yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha mAnA thA, pazcAt svakalpita uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA kA grantha mAna liyaa| unake anasAra yaha paramparA IsA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa taka vidyamAna thii| isI samaya isake vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMgha utpanna hue aura yaha paramparA samApta ho gii| zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI jananI hone se ise unhoMne zvetAmbara-yApanIya-mAtRparamparA nAma diyA hai| kintu Age calakara jaba unhoMne yaha udbhAvanA kI, ki guNasthAna-siddhAnta tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke bAda (unake anusAra IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke bAda) vikasita huA hai, taba unhoMne uparyukta mata badala diyA, kyoMki kasAyapAhuDa meM guNasthAnoM ke anusAra jIva kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para unhoMne yaha mAna liyA ki kasAyapAhuDa kI racanA IsA kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatAbdI meM huI thii| aura cU~ki usa samaya AcArya guNadhara, AryamaMkSu aura nAgahastI kA astitva nahIM thA, isalie DaoNkTara sA0 ne yaha ghoSita kara diyA ki inameM se koI bhI kasAyapAhuDa kA kartA nahIM haiN| phira kartA kauna hai, isakA nirNaya ve anta taka nahIM kara ske| tathApi isa para unhoMne yApanIyasampradAya kI chApa lagA dI aura isake yApanIyagrantha hone kA mukhya hetu yaha batalAyA ki isameM strI, puruSa aura napuMsakoM ke apagatavedI hokara caturdazaguNasthAna taka pahu~cane kI bAta kahI gayI hai, jo usake strImuktisamarthaka hone kA pramANa hai| isa AdhAra para ve isa grantha ko zvetAmbaraparamparA kA nahIM mAna sakate the, kyoMki unakI mAnyatA hai ki 'sabhI zvetAmbaragrantha ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM likhe gaye haiN|' kintu kasAyapAhuDa yApanIyaparamparA kA nahIM, apitu digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai, yaha nimnalikhita tathyoM se siddha hotA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau aThAraha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 1. yApanIyamata meM strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda ye tIna pRthak-pRthak bhAvaveda svIkAra nahIM kiye gaye haiM, eka vedasAmAnya hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo strI meM strIveda ke rUpa meM, puruSa meM puruSaveda ke rUpa meM aura napuMsaka meM napuMsakaveda ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| kintu , kasAyapAhuDa meM tInoM bhAvavedoM kA pRthak-pRthak astitva mAnA gayA hai, ataH siddha hotA hai ki vaha yApanIyagrantha nahIM, apitu digambaragrantha hai| . 2. zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM guNasthAna-siddhAnta kA abhAva hai| yApanIyasampradAya zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko hI mAnatA thA, ataH usameM bhI guNasthAna-siddhAnta kI mAnyatA nahIM thii| ina donoM sampradAyoM meM vaha mAnya ho bhI nahIM sakatA thA, kyoMki inameM savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti aura kevalibhukti mAnI gayI hai aura guNasthAnasiddhAnta ina sabake viruddha hai| kasAyapAhuDa meM guNasthAna-siddhAnta kA pratipAdana hai, yaha usake yApanIyagrantha na hone aura digambaragrantha hone kA jvalanta pramANa hai| __3. apagatavedatva guNasthAnasiddhAnta kA hI aMga hai aura guNasthAnasiddhAnta digambaroM kA siddhAnta hai, zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kA nahIM, ataH nauveM guNasthAna ke savedabhAga se Upara jIva ke apagataveda (bhAvavedarahita) ho jAne kA mata bhI digambaramata hai, zvetAmbaramata yA yApanIyamata nhiiN| ataH kasAyapAhuDa meM apagatavedatva kI svIkRti se bhI siddha hai ki vaha digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai, anya kisI paramparA kA nhiiN| nauveM guNasthAna ke savedabhAga se Upara jIva ke puruSaveda (puruSavedanokaSAya), strIveda (strIvedanokaSAya) evaM napuMsakaveda (napuMsakavedanokaSAya) ke apagata (upazama yA kSaya) ho jAne kA mata eka viziSTa digambara-siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| Agama kA kathana hai ki karmabhUmi ke garbhaja, saMjJI-asaMjJI, tiryaMcoM aura manuSyoM meM koI-koI tiryaMca aura manuSya dravya (zarIra) se puruSa, strI yA napuMsaka hote hue bhI bhAva se isake viparIta ho sakatA hai| arthAt jo zarIra se puruSa hai, usameM puruSavedanokaSAya kA udaya na hokara strIvedanokaSAya yA napuMsaka-vedanokaSAya kA bhI udaya ho sakatA hai, jisase usakA bhAva se strI yA napuMsaka honA bhI saMbhava hai| tathA jo zarIra se strI yA napuMsaka hai, usameM isase viparIta bhAvaveda kA udaya honA saMbhava hai| ise vedavaiSamya kahate haiN| ataH jo dravya (zarIra) se puruSa, kintu bhAva se strI yA napuMsaka hai, vaha jIva bhI mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai, isalie nauveM guNasthAna ke savedabhAga se Upara usakA bhAvastrIveda (strIvedanokaSAya) yA bhAvanapuMsakaveda (napuMsakaveda nokaSAya) apagata (upazAnta yA kSINa) ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra digambarajainamata ke anusAra dravyapuruSa hI apagataveda hotA hai, dravyastrI aura dravyanapuMsaka nahIM, kyoMki ve pA~caveM guNasthAna se hI Upara nahIM uThate, taba unake nauveM guNasthAna taka pahu~cane kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| jo karmabhUmija manuSya dravya se puruSa, kintu bhAva se strI hai, use bhI Agama meM manuSyinI yA mAnuSI athavA For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ eka sau unnIsa ] bhAvastrI yA bhAvamAnuSI zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra 'kasAyapAhuDa' meM dravyapuruSa kI hI mukti kA kathana hai, dravyastrI yA dravyanapuMsaka kI mukti kA nahIM / ataH vaha digambaraparamparA kA hI grantha hai, yApanIyaparamparA kA nahIM / (adhyAya 12 / pra. 3 / zI. 12 tathA adhyAya 11 / pra.4 / zI. 10) / 4. zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAoM meM koI bhI grantha zaurasenI prAkRta meM nahIM racA gyaa| zvetAmbaragranthoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta hai tathA yApanIyaparamparA kA prAkRtabhASA meM nibaddha koI grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| usake jo 'strInirvANaprakaraNa' Adi tIna-cAra grantha upalabdha haiM, ve sabhI, saMskRta meM haiN| kucha vidvAnoM ne zaurasenI meM racita 'bhagavatI - ArAdhanA', 'mUlAcAra' Adi granthoM ko yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha batalAyA hai, kintu ve saba digambaragrantha haiN| 'kasAyapAhuDa' zaurasenI meM hai, yaha bhI usake digambaragrantha hone kA eka pramANa hai / 5. kasAyapAhuDa kI racanA IsApUrva dvitIya zatI ke uttarArdha meM huI thI, jaba ki yApanIyasampradAya kA udbhava Isottara paMcama zatI ke prArambha meM huA thA / isa kAraNa bhI kasAyapAhuDa yApanIyagrantha nahIM ho sktaa| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne jisa guNasthAnavikAsavAda ke AdhAra para kasAyapAhuDa ko chaThI zatI I0 kI kRti mAnA hai, vaha sarvathA kapolakalpita hai, pramANasiddha tathya nahIM / guNasthAnasiddhAnta jinopadiSTa hai, vikasita nahIM / 6. kasAyapAhuDa ke karttA guNadhara aura cUrNisUtrakAra yativRSabha ke nAma zvetAmbara - yApanIya - sthavirAvaliyoM meM nahIM milte| 7. zvetAmbara-yApanIya-sAhitya meM guNadhara tathA unake dvArA kasAyapAhuDa kI racanA, AryamakSu aura nAgahastI dvArA AcAryaparamparA se usake jJAna kI prApti, tathA ina donoM ke caraNakamaloM meM baiThakara yativRSabha dvArA kasAyapAhuDa ke arthazravaNa evaM cUrNisUtra likhe jAne kA koI vivaraNa nahIM hai, jaba ki digambarasAhitya meM hai / 8. digambarasAhitya meM arhadbali dvArA guNadhara ke nAma se eka guNadharasaMgha banAye jAne kA bhI ullekha hai / 9. jina AryamaMkSu aura nAgahastI ko AcAryaparamparA se kasAyapAhuDa kI gAthAe~ prApta hone kA kathana jayadhavalAkAra ne kiyA hai, ve zvetAmbara - sthavirAvaliyoM meM nirdiSTa AryamaMgu aura nAgahastI se bhinna the / 10. yaha grantha, paramparA se digambarajaina AmnAya meM hI prAcIna digambara - Agama ke rUpa meM mAnya aura pracalita hai, zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM meM nahIM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau bIsa ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 11. digambara - zAstra bhaNDAroM meM hI yaha Aja taka surakSita calA A rahA hai, zvetAmbara aura yApanIya bhaNDAroM meM isakA kabhI astitva nahIM rahA / 12. digambarAcAryoM ne hI isa para cUrNisUtra aura TIkAe~ likhI haiM, zvetAmbara aura yApanIya AcAryoM ne nahIM / ye ve antaraMga aura bahiraMga pramANa haiM, jo kasAyapAhuDa ko digambaraparamparA ke atirikta aura kisI bhI paramparA kA grantha siddha nahIM krte| zvetAmbara muni zrI hemacandravijaya jI ne kasAyapAhuDa aura usake cUrNisUtroM ko zvetAmbarIya grantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA thA / usakA sapramANa khaNDana siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra jI zAstrI ne eka lekha meM kiyA thaa| use prastuta adhyAya meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / (adhyAya 12 / pra.4 ) / tRtIya khaNDa bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi solaha granthoM kI kartRparamparA adhyAya 13 - bhagavatI - ArAdhanA bhagavatI - ArAdhanA digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai / usameM pratipAdita siddhAntoM se yApanIyoM kI ApavAdika savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti, kevalibhukti Adi mAnyatAoM kA niSedha hotA hai / tathApi digambara vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne use yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha batalAyA hai| unase prabhAvita hokara aura unakI preraNA pAkara zvetAmbara muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI, digambara vidvAn pro0 hIrAlAla jI jaina, zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA evaM zvetAmbara vidvAn DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne bhI A~kha mIMcakara use yApanIya grantha mAna liyA hai| yApanIyagrantha hone ke pakSa meM jo hetu paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne upasthita kiye haiM, unhIM kI ina saba vidvAnoM ne punarAvRtti kI hai| kintu, ve hetu nahIM, hetvAbhAsa haiN| unakA nirasana karanevAle tathya nIce prastuta haiN| 1. hetu -- bhagavatI - ArAdhanA kI gAthA 79-83 meM muni ke utsarga - apavAdamArga kA vidhAna hai, jisake anusAra muni vastra dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| nirasana - yaha premI jI kI mahAbhrAnti hai / ukta gAthAoM meM muni ke lie apavAdamArga kA vidhAna nahIM hai, apitu muni ke acelaliMga ko utsargaliMga aura zrAvaka ke sacelaliMga ko apavAdaliMga saMjJA dI gayI hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM apavAdaliMga ko 1. saparigraha aura muninindA kA kAraNabhUta, 2. gRhasthabhAva kA sUcaka evaM 3. mukti ke lie tyAjya For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau ikkIsa] batalAyA gayA hai tathA zrAvikA ke liMga ko bhI apavAdaliMga kahA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki bhagavatI-ArAdhanAkAra zivArya ne zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke sacelaliMga ko hI apavAdaliMga nAma diyA hai, muni ke liMga ko nhiiN| ataH bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM apavAdamArga ke rUpa meM muni ko vastradhAraNa kI anumati dI gayI hai, yaha dhAraNA mahAbhrAnti hai| (adhyAya 13/pra.1 / shii.1)| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya ne 'Acelakya' (nAgnya) ko muni kA anivArya prathama dharma batalAyA hai aura kahA hai ki kevala vastra tyAgane se jIva saMyata (muni) nahIM hotA, isalie Acelakya meM samasta parigraha kA tyAga garbhita hai| isa kathana se muni ke lie apavAdaliMga ke vidhAna kA bhrama pUrNataH nirasta ho jAtA hai| 2. hetu-zivArya tathA unake guruoM ke nAma digambarapaTTAvaliyoM yA gurvAvaliyoM meM nahIM milte| ataH ve yApanIya hoMge, isalie unake ziSya zivArya bhI yApanIya hoNge| nirasana-vaTTakera, yativRSabha, samantabhadra, svAmikumAra, joiMdudeva jaise digambarAcAryoM ke nAma bhI digambara-paTTAvaliyoM meM nahIM milate, phira bhI ve yApanIya nahIM the| isalie digambara-paTTAvaliyoM meM nAma na honA yApanIya hone kA hetu nahIM hai| 3. hetu-yApanIya-AcArya aparAjitasUri dvArA bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI TIkA kI gaI hai, ataH vaha yApanIyagrantha hai| nirasana-aparAjitasUri ne apanI vijayodayATIkA meM savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti aura kevalibhukti kA niSedha karanevAle siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jisase siddha hai ki ve yApanIya-AcArya nahIM the, apitu digambarAcArya the| ataH jisa bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI unhoMne TIkA kI hai, vaha bhI digambaragrantha hai| (adhyAya 13 / pra.2/ shii.4)| 4. hetu-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAe~ zvetAmbaragranthoM kI gAthAoM se milatI haiN| zvetAmbaragranthoM kI gAthAe~ yApanIya-AcArya hI grahaNa kara sakatA hai, ataH bhagavatI-ArAdhanA yApanIyagrantha hai| nirasana-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI jo gAthAe~ zvetAmbaragranthoM kI gAthAoM se sAmya rakhatI haiM, ve usameM zvetAmbaragranthoM se nahIM AyI haiM, balki digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda ke pUrva jo avibhakta acela-nirgrantha-paramparA thI, usase AyI haiN| ataH bhagavatI-ArAdhanA yApanIyagrantha nahIM hai| 5. hetu-yApanIya-AcArya zAkaTAyana ne zivArya ke guru sarvagupta kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH sarvagupta aura zivArya, donoM yApanIya the| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau bAIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nirasana-zivArya ke guru sarvagupta aura zAkaTAyana dvArA ullikhita sarvagupta meM ekatva siddha karanevAlA pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| svayaM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne apane eka pUrva lekha meM likhA hai ki 'Arya ziva (zivArya) ke sarvagupta nAmaka guru kA nAma zravaNabelagola ke 105 veM nambara ke zilAlekha meM (digambaraparamparA ke AcAryoM ke sAtha) milatA hai|' tathA zivArya ne bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM yApanIyamata-viruddha digambarIya siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ina kAraNoM se unakA aura unake guru sarvagupta kA yApanIya honA saMbhava nhiiN| (adhyAya 13/pra.2 / shii.2)| 6. hetu-zivArya ne apane lie 'pANitalabhojI' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai| yaha unake yApanIya hone kA sUcaka hai| nirasana-digambarajaina sAdhu bhI pANitala meM bhojana karate haiN| ataH 'pANitalabhojitva' yApanIya sAdhuoM kA asAdhAraNadharma nahIM hai| ___7. hetu-zvetAmbarasAhitya meM prasiddha metArya muni kI kathA bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM milatI hai| zvetAmbarasAhitya kI kathA yApanIyagrantha meM hI A sakatI hai| nirasana-metArya muni kI kathA hariSeNakRta bRhatkathAkoza meM bhI milatI hai, jo digambaragrantha hai| 8. hetu-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM kSapaka ke lie cAra muniyoM dvArA AhAra lAye jAne kA vidhAna digambaramata ke viruddha hai| nirasana-viruddha nahIM hai| prAcInakAla meM vanoM meM vicaraNa karanevAle digambarajaina munisaMgha meM saMstarArUr3ha kSapaka ke lie isake alAvA koI dUsarI vyavasthA ho hI nahIM sakatI thii| (adhyAya 13 / pra.2 / shii.9)| 9. hetu-avamaudarya-kaSTa ko sAmyabhAva se sahate hue bhadrabAhu ke samAdhimaraNa kI kathA bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ko chor3akara digambarasampadrAya ke anya granthoM meM nahIM miltii| ataH bhagavatI-ArAdhanA digambarasampradAya kA grantha nahIM hai, yApanIyasampradAya kA hai| nirasana-ukta kathA hariSeNakRta bRhatkathAkoza meM milatI hai, jo digambarasampradAya kA grantha hai| (adhyAya 13/pra.2 / shii.14)|| 10. hetu-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM 'AcAra', 'jItazAstra' Adi zvetAmbaragranthoM kA ullekha hai| nirasana-ye zvetAmbaragranthoM ke nAma nahIM, apitu kSapaka ke 'caraNa' (AcaraNa) aura 'karaNa' (Avazyaka kriyAoM) ke vAcaka zabda haiN| (adhyAya 13 / pra.2/ shii.15)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau teIsa] 11. hetu-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM varNita mRta muni ke zavasaMskAra kI vijahanAvidhi (zava ko vana meM chor3a denA) digambaramata ke pratikUla hai| nirasana-vaha digambaramata ke sarvathA anukUla hai| prAcIna kAla meM vanoM meM vihAra karanevAle Arambha-parigraha evaM hiMsAdi pApoM ke tyAgI digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie isake alAvA koI upAya hI nahIM thaa| (adhyAya 13 / pra.2 / shii.13)| 12. hetu-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI desAmAsiyasuttaM' gAthA 1117 meM Aye tAlapalaMbasuttammi pada meM bRhatkalpa (zvetAmbaragrantha) ke sUtra kA ullekha honA use yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha siddha karatA hai| nirasana-tAlapalaMbasutta (tAlapralambasUtra) zabda dezAmarzaka (upalakSaka = ekadeza ke kathana dvArA sarva kA bodha karAnevAle) zabda kA dRSTAnta hai| zivArya kA kathana hai ki jaise 'tAlapralamba' (tAr3avRkSa kI jaTA) isa sUtrAtmaka (upalakSaka) zabda meM 'tAla' zabda kevala tAr3avRkSa kA bodhaka nahIM hai, apitu sabhI prakAra kI vanaspatiyoM kA upalakSaka hai, vaise hI 'Acelakya' isa sUtrAtmaka zabda meM 'cela' zabda mAtra vastra kA vAcaka nahIM hai, balki sabhI prakAra ke parigraha kA upalakSaka hai| isa prakAra 'tAlapalaMbasuttammi' pada meM 'sutta' zabda se kisI anya sUtra kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu 'tAlapalaMba' zabda ko hI dezAmarzaka hone ke kAraNa 'sUtra' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ataH bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI ukta gAthA meM 'bRhatkalpasUtra' ke kisI sUtra kA ullekha nahIM hai| digambarAcArya vIrasena svAmI ne bhI dhavalATIkA (Sa.khaM./ pu.1 / 1,1,1 / pR.9) ke 'Na tAlapalaMbasuttaM va desAmAsiyasuttAdo' isa vAkya meM tAlapalaMbasutta zabda dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA hai| ataH jaise 'tAlapalaMbasutta' zabda ke prayoga se dhavalATIkA yApanIyagrantha siddha nahIM hotI, vaise hI bhagavatI-ArAdhanA bhI yApanIyagrantha siddha nahIM hotii| 13. hetu-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI 'ArAdhaNApurassara' gAthA (752) kI vijayodayATIkA meM zvetAmbaragrantha 'anuyogadvArasUtra' kA ullekha hai, ataH bhagavatI-ArAdhanA yApanIyagrantha hai| nirasana-vahA~, 'anuyogadvArasUtra' zabda nahIM haiM, apitu 'anuyogadvAra' zabda hai, jo sat saMkhyA, kSetra Adi nirUpaNadvAroM kA vAcaka hai| 14. hetu-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI 'uttaraguNaujjamaNe' gAthA (118) kI vijayodayA TIkA meM 'paMcavadANi jadINaM' ityAdi AvazyakasUtra (zvetAmbaragrantha) kI gAthA uddhRta kI gayI hai| ataH bhagavatI-ArAdhanA yApanIyagrantha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau caubIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nirasana-TIkA meM zvetAmbaragrantha kA ullekha hone se mUlagrantha yApanIyagrantha siddha nahIM hotaa| 15. hetu-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI 'aMgasude bahuvidhe' gAthA (499) kI TIkA meM zruta ke 'AcArAMgAdi' bhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ye nAma zvetAmbaraparamparA ke AgamoM ke haiN| nirasana-zrutabhedoM ke ye nAma digambaraparamparA meM bhI prasiddha haiN| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne apane grantha 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' meM uparyukta hetuoM ke sAtha nimnalikhita do hetu aura jor3e haiM 16. hetu-'zivArya' jaise AryAnta tathA 'jinanandI' jaise nandyanta nAma yApanIyasampradAya meM hI milate haiN| nirasana-digambarasampradAya meM bhI milate haiM, jaise-'sudharma' nAma ke dvitIya kevalI kA nAma 'lohArya' (lohAcArya) bhI thaa| cAra AcArAMgadhAriyoM meM bhI eka 'lohArya' nAma ke AcArAMgadhArI the| mAghanandI, padmanandI (kundakunda), devanandI (pUjyapAdasvAmI) Adi nandyanta nAma bhI aneka milate haiN| (adhyAya 13/pra.2 / shii.3)| 17. hetu-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM zvetAmbara-prakIrNaka granthoM kI aneka gAthAe~ haiM, jo usake yApanIyagrantha hone kA pramANa haiN| nirasana-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kA racanAkAla IsavI prathama zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai aura zvetAmbara-prakIrNaka granthoM kI racanA 11vIM zatAbdI I0 meM huI thii| ataH zvetAmbaraprakIrNaka granthoM meM hI bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI gAthAoM kA pahu~canA siddha hotA hai| isalie vaha yApanIyagrantha nahIM hai| (adhyAya 13 / pra.2 / shii.7.2)| isa prakAra bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke yApanIyagrantha hone ke pakSa meM prastuta kiye gaye sabhI hetu mithyA siddha hote haiN| dUsarI ora usameM use digambarajaina-paramparA kA grantha siddha karanevAle aneka pramANa upalabdha haiN| yathA 1. usameM ApavAdika savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti evaM kevalibhukti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| ka-Acelakya ko muni kA prathama anivArya dharma batalAyA gayA hai aura vastrapAtrAdi samasta parigraha ke tyAga ko 'Acelakya' kahA gayA hai| kha-vastrapAtrAdi samasta parigraha ke tyAga se hI saMyata-guNasthAna kI prApti batalAyI gayI hai, jisase savastramukti kA niSedha hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau paccIsa] ga-zrAvaka ke liMga ko apavAdaliMga nAma dete hue kahA gayA hai ki vastrAdiparigraha kA tyAga karane para hI vaha mukti kA pAtra hotA hai| isa taraha savastramukti, gRhasthamukti evaM paratIrthikamukti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| gha-vastrAdi samasta parigraha ke tyAga ko saMyata-guNasthAna kI prApti kA upAya tathA puruSazarIra ko hI saMyama kA sAdhana prarUpita kara strImukti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| Ga-kevalI bhagavAn ke varNana prasaMga meM kevala unake vihAra kA varNana hai, AhAranIhAra kA nhiiN| (bha.A./gA.2094-2116) / 2. vastrapAtrAdi ko bhI parigraha kahA gayA hai, jo yApanIyamata ke viruddha hai, kyoMki yApanIyamata meM savastra-apavAdaliMgadhArI sthavirakalpI sAdhuoM, gRhasthoM, paratIrthikoM aura striyoM ko bhI mukti kA pAtra mAnA gayA hai| 3. vedatraya aura vedavaiSamya svIkAra kiya gaye haiM, jo yApanIyoM ko amAnya haiN| 4. bandha aura mokSa kI sampUrNa vyavasthA guNasthAnAzrita batalAyI gayI hai| yaha yApanIyamata meM svIkRta gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti evaM dravya-strImukti ke viruddha hai| 5. muni ke lie digambaramata meM mAnya mUlaguNoM aura uttaraguNoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| 6. luJcana ke dvArA hI kezatyAga kA niyama nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM chure yA kaiMcI se bhI muNDana kI anumati dI gayI hai| 7. AhAra meM madya, mAMsa aura madhu ke grahaNa kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jaba ki yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM ve apavAdarUpa se grAhya mAne gaye haiN| 8. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM muniyoM ke lie abhigraha kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM isakA abhAva hai| 9. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM kundakunda kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 10. isakI sabhI TIkAe~ digambaroM dvArA hI likhI gayI haiN| 11. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ko digambarAcAryoM ne pramANarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura usake kartA zivArya ke prati AdarabhAva vyakta kiyA hai| 12. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI racanA yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti se cAra sau varSa pahale ho cukI thii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau chabbIsa ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 eka dIrghakAlIna mithyA dhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa - bhagavatI - ArAdhanA ke adhyAya meM prasaMgavaza eka dIrghakAlIna mithyA dhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM, muniyoM evaM AryikAoM kI dhAraNA hai ki bhagavatI - ArAdhanA meM bhaktapratyAkhyAna (sallekhanA meM saMstarArUr3ha hone) ke samaya AryikAoM aura zrAvikAoM ke lie bhI muni ke samAna nAgnyaliMga grahaNa karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| kintu yaha dhAraNA bhrAntipUrNa hai| ukta avasara para unake lie striyoM kA utsargaliMga grAhya batalAyA gayA hai, jo ki eka sAr3IrUpa alpaparigrahAtmaka prarUpita kiyA gayA hai| AryikAoM kA nityaliMga bhI yahI ekasAr3IrUpa utsargaliMga hotA hai aura bhaktapratyAkhyAnakAla meM bhI yahI nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| kintu zrAvikAoM ke lie yogyatA aura paristhiti ke anusAra bahuvastrAtmaka apavAdaliMga kA bhI vidhAna hai aura AryikAvat ekavastrAtmaka utsargaliMga kA bhii| isa prakAra bhaktapratyAkhyAnakAla meM unake lie nAgnyaliMga kA vidhAna kadApi nahIM hai / (adhyAya 13 / pra.3) / adhyAya 14 - - aparAjitasUri digambarAcArya paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayATIkA ke karttA aparAjita sUri ko bhI yApanIyasaMghI mAnA hai / zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ne unakA anusaraNa kiyA hai, sAtha hI aparAjitasUri ko yApanIya - AcArya siddha karane ke liye kucha naye hetu bhI jor3e haiN| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne ina donoM ke padacihnoM para calate hue hetuoM meM kucha aura vRddhi kI hai| kintu ye sabhI hetu asatya haiN| unakA nirasana karanevAle pramANa isa prakAra haiM - 1. hetu -- (premI jI) - aparAjitasUri ne zvetAmbara - AgamoM se uddharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA hai ki unameM bhI acelatA ko hI muni kA liMga batalAyA gayA hai, mAtra vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM vastragrahaNa kI anumati dI gayI hai| isase paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki aparAjitasUri zvetAmbara - AgamoM ko pramANa mAnate haiM, isalie yApanIya ra - sampradAya ke haiN| nirasana - yadi aparAjitasUri zvetAmbara - AgamoM ko pramANa mAnate, to unameM jo sacelaliMga se mukti kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usakA niSedha na karate / kintu unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ka - " muktyarthI ca yatirna celaM gRhNAti mukteranupAyatvAt "= mukti kA icchuka muni vastragrahaNa nahIM karatA, kyoMki vaha mukti kA upAya nahIM hai / (vi.TI. /bha.A./ gA. 'jiNapaDirUvaM' 84) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau sattAIsa] kha-"sakalaparigrahatyAgo muktermArgo mayA tu pAtakena vastra-pAtrAdikaH parigrahaH parISahabhIruNA gRhIta ityantaHsantApo nindA" = sakala parigraha kA tyAga mukti kA mArga hai, kintu mujha pApI ne parISahoM ke Dara se vastrapAtrAdi parigraha grahaNa kiyA hai, isa prakAra mana meM pazcAttApa karane ko nindA kahate haiN| (vi.TI./ bha.A. / gA. 'avavAdiyaliMga' 86) / ga-"naiva saMyato bhavatIti vastramAtratyAgena zeSaparigrahasamanvitaH" = mAtra vastratyAga karane se manuSya saMyata (muni) nahIM hotA, zeSa parigraha kA bhI tyAga Avazyaka hai| (vi.TI. / bha. A. / gA.'Na ya hodi saMjado' 1118) / ina vacanoM ke dvArA aparAjitasUri ne zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM anumata savastramukti ko ucca svara meM amAnya kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI 'Acelakkuddesiya' gAthA (423) kI TIkA meM acelatva ko hI ekamAtra jinopadiSTa mokSamArga siddha karane ke lie zvetAmbaramAnya sacelatva para jabaradasta prahAra kiyA hai| usameM aise aThAraha doSa batalAye haiM, jo mokSavirodhI haiN| zvetAmbaragranthoM meM sacelatva ko mokSamArga siddha karane ke lie jo-jo tarka diye gaye haiM, unameM se eka-eka ko lekara aparAjitasUri ne unheM mokSa-virodhI siddha kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sacelaliMga ko mokSa kA mArga kahA gayA hai, aparAjitasUri ne use mokSa kA anupAya siddha kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vastrapAtrAdi-parigraha ko saMyamopakArI batalAyA gayA hai, aparAjitasUri ne use saMyama kI zuddhi meM bAdhaka siddha kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vastrapAtrAdi parigraha ke mUrchAhetutva kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, aparAjitasUri ne use mUrchA kA hetu pratipAdita kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vastrapAtrAdi ke kaSAyahetutva ko svIkAra karate hue bhI unheM agrantha kahA gayA hai, aparAjitasUri kahate haiM ki zarIra ko vastra se pariveSTita rakhanevAlA yadi apane ko nirgrantha kahe, to anyamatAvalambI bhI nirgrantha siddha hoNge| vizeSAvazyakabhASyakAra kahate haiM ki nagna rahane para striyoM ke darzana se yadi liMgotthAna ho jAtA hai, to vaha logoM kI dRSTi meM A jAne se lajjA kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai, aparAjitasUri kA kathana hai ki vastradhAraNa karane se muni ko apane kAmavikAra ko chipAne kA avasara mila jAtA hai, jisase vaha nirbhaya hokara mAnasika kAmasevana karatA hai| isake viparIta nagna muni ko indriyanigraha meM usI prakAra atyanta sAvadhAna rahatA par3atA hai, jaise saryoM se bhare vana meM yAtrA karate hue vidyAmantrAdi se rahita manuSya ko| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kA acelaliMga ziSyoM ke lie anukaraNIya nahIM hai, kyoMki ve usake yogya nahIM hote| aparAjitasUri kahate haiM ki tIrthaMkara mokSa ke abhilASI the aura mokSa ke upAya ko jAnate the, isalie unhoMne jisa liMga ko dhAraNa kiyA thA, vahI samasta mokSArthiyoM ke lie dhAraNa karane For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau aTThAIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 yogya hai| jaise meru Adi parvatoM para virAjamAna jinapratimAe~ acela hotI haiM aura tIrthaMkaroM ke mArga ke anuyAyI gaNadhara acela hote haiM, vaise hI unake ziSya bhI unhIM kI taraha acela hote haiN| (adhyAya 14 / pra.2 / shii.2.5)| aparAjitasUri ne AcArAMga ke vacanoM ko bhI sadoSa aura ayuktimat batalAyA hai| 'Acelakkuddesiya' gAthA (423) kI TIkA meM AcArAMga kA eka uddharaNa dekara zaMkA uThAyI hai ki sUtra (Agama) meM pAtra kI pratiSThApanA batalAyI gayI hai, ataH saMyama ke lie pAtra kA grahaNa kiyA jAnA siddha hotA hai| aparAjitasUri ne isakA nirasana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM-"nahIM, acelatA kA artha hai parigraha kA tyAga aura pAtra parigraha hai, ataH usakA bhI tyAga siddha hI hai|" (vi.TI./bha.A. / gA.423 / pR. 325) / isI prakAra sUri jI ne bhAvanA (AcArAMgasUtra ke 24 veM adhyayana) kA eka uddharaNa diyA hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka varSa taka devadUSya vastra dhAraNa kiyA, usake bAda acelaka ho gye| uddharaNa dekara isa mata kA bhI nirasana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM-"bhAvanA meM jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra eka varSa taka vastradhArI rahe, usake bAda acelaka ho gaye, vaha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki isa viSaya meM aneka matabheda haiN|" (vi. TI./ bha. A. / gA. 423 / pR. 325) / aparAjitasUri ke ina vacanoM se siddha hai ki unheM zvetAmbara-AgamoM kA prAmANya svIkArya nahIM hai| ataH 've zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko pramANa mAnate the,' isase bar3A mithyA kathana aura koI ho hI nahIM sktaa| aparAjitasUri ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM bhI muni ke lie acelatA kA hI vidhAna hai| ataH unameM bhikSu ke lie jo celadhAraNa karane kI anumati dI gayI hai, usake bAre meM unakA kathana hai ki vaha kAraNavizeSa ke hone para hI dI gayI hai, arthAt yadi nagna rahane meM lajjA kA anubhava hotA ho yA puruSacihna vikRta ho athavA zItAdiparISaha asahya hoM, to bhikSu vastra dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| kintu, ina kAraNoM se dhAraNa kiye gaye vastrapAtradi ko unhoMne parigraha hI mAnA hai aura use antataH parityAjya batalAyA hai| isalie zvetAmbaroM ne jo yaha mAna liyA hai ki AcArAMgAdi meM kAraNavizeSa se vastrapAtrAdi-grahaNa kI anumati hone se ve tyAjya nahIM haiM, usakA aparAjitasUri ne niSedha kiyA hai aura unheM tyAjya prarUpita kiyA hai tathA isI ko (kAraNavizeSa se grahaNa kiye jAnevAle aura mokSa ke lie tyAjya mAne jAnevAle vastrapAtrAdi ke grahaNa ko) unhoMne kAraNasApekSa-vastrapAtrAdi-grahaNa kahA hai| yathA For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [ eka sau unatIsa ] " pAtrapratiSThApanA sUtreNokteti saMyamArthaM pAtragrahaNaM sidhyatIti manyase naiva / acelatA nAma parigrahatyAgaH, pAtraM ca parigraha iti tasyApi tyAgaH siddha eveti / tasmAtkAraNasApekSaM vastrapAtragrahaNam / yadupakaraNaM gRhyate kAraNamapekSya tasya grahaNavidhi : gRhItasya ca pariharaNamavazyaM vaktavyam / tasmAdvastraM pAtraM cArthAdhikAramapekSya sUtreSu bahuSu yaduktaM tatkAraNamapekSya nirdiSTamiti grAhyam / " (vi.TI./ bha.A./gA.423/ pR. 325) / anuvAda -"yadi Apa yaha mAnate haiM ki sUtra ke dvArA pAtra kI pratiSThApanA kahI gayI hai, ataH saMyama ke lie pAtragrahaNa siddha hotA hai, to yaha anucita hai| acelatA kA artha hai parigraha kA tyAga aura pAtra parigraha hai, isalie usakA bhI tyAga siddha hI hai| isalie vastrapAtra kA grahaNa kAraNasApekSa hai| kAraNa - vizeSa se jo upakaraNa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, usake grahaNa kI vidhi aura grahaNa kiye gaye upakaraNa kA tyAga avazya batalAnA caahie| isa taraha bahuta se sUtroM (zvetAmbara - AgamoM) meM jo vastra - pAtra kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha kAraNavizeSa kI apekSA kiyA gayA hai / " zvetAmbara - AgamoM meM muni ke lie acelatA kA hI upadeza hai, isakI puSTi ke lie aparAjitasUri ne zvetAmbarIya uttarAdhyayana ke parISahasUtroM ko uddhRta karate hue kahA hai " iha cAcelatAprasAdhanaparaM zItadaMzamazakatRNasparzaparISahasahanavacanaM parISahasUtreSu / na hi sacelaM zItAdayo bAdhante / imAni ca sUtrANi acelatAM darzayanti - - - / " (vi.TI. / bha.A./gA. 423 / pR. 326) / anuvAda - "parISahasUtroM (uttarAdhyayana) meM jo zIta, DA~sa-macchara, tRNasparza Adi parISahoM ke sahane kA kathana hai, vaha siddha karatA hai ki muni ko acela rahane kA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai, kyoMki sacela ko zItAdi kI bAdhAe~ nahIM hotIM / ye sUtra bhI acelatA kA hI samarthana karate haiM--- / " zvetAmbara - AgamoM ke vacana uddhRta kara ina vyAkhyAoM ke dvArA unameM aikAntika acelakadharma ke upadeza kI siddhi koI yApanIya AcArya nahIM kara sakatA, eka kaTTara digambarAcArya hI kara sakatA hai / aura jo AcArya, sacelasAdhu ko saMyata na mAne aura 'mukti kA icchuka yati cela grahaNa nahIM karatA, kyoMki vaha mukti kA upAya nahIM hai' aisI zraddhA rakhe, kyA vaha zvetAmbara - AgamoM ko pramANa mAnanevAlA kahA jA sakatA hai ? kadApi nahIM / ataH siddha hai ki paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne aparAjitasUri ko jo zvetAmbara - AgamoM ko pramANa mAnanevAlA kahakara yApanIya ghoSita kiyA hai, vaha bilakula mithyA hai| aparAjitasUri eka pakke digambarAcArya the / For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau tIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 2. hetu-(premI jI)-aparAjitasUri ne muni ke lie sacela apavAdaliMga svIkAra kiyA hai, yaha unake yApanIya hone kA lakSaNa hai| nirasana-aparAjitasUri ne zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM muni ke lie paristhitivizeSa meM dI gaI vastrapAtrAdigrahaNa kI anumati ko kAraNasApekSa kahakara mukti ke lie vastrapAtrAdi ko parityAjya batalAyA hai aura kahA hai ki vastra-pAtradhArI saMyata nahIM hotA, acela hI mukti kA pAtra hotA hai| isase siddha hai ki unheM sacela apavAdaliMga svIkArya nahIM thaa| 3. hetu-(premI jI)-aparAjitasUri ke yApanIya hone kA sabase spaSTa pramANa yaha hai ki unhoMne zvetAmbaragrantha dazavakAlikasUtra para TIkA likhI thI aura usakA bhI nAma vijayodayA thaa| nirasana-digambaraparamparA meM bhI dazavakAlikasUtra thaa| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI vijayodayATIkA meM vyakta kiye gaye vicAroM se siddha hai ki aparAjitasUri pakke digambara the, ataH unhoMne digambarIya dazavaikAlikasUtra para hI TIkA likhI hogii| vartamAna meM zvetAmbara-digambara-yApanIya kisI bhI sampradAya ke sAhitya meM ukta grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| (adhyAya 14/pra.2 / shii.5)| 4. hetu-(premI jI)-aparAjitasUri ne vijayodayATIkA meM apane ko candranandI mahAprakRtyAcArya kA praziSya kahA hai| gaGgavaMzI pRthuvIkoGgaNi mahArAja ke zaka saM0 698 (vi0 saM0833) ke dAnapatra meM zrImUla-mUlagaNAbhinandita nandisaMgha (yApanIya nandisaMgha) ke candranandI AcArya kA ullekha hai| aparAjitasUri inhIM ke praziSya rahe hoNge| ataH ve yApanIya the| nirasana-aparAjitasUri ne apanI vijayodayATIkA meM yApanIyamata-virodhI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, isase siddha hai ki ve digambarAcArya the| ataH jina candranandI ke ve praziSya the, unheM yApanIyasampradAya kA candranandI mAnanA pramANabAdhita hai| 5. hetu-(zrImatI paToriyA)-arahanta-avarNavAda ke avasara para digambaragranthoM meM kevali-kavalAhAra kA udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai, vaha vijayodayATIkA meM nahIM hai| isa anullekha se ve yApanIya pratIta hote haiN| nirasana-"pramattasaMyatasya parISahAkulasya bhakSyapAnAdiSu kAMkSA sambhavati"arthAt pramattasaMyata-guNasthAna meM hI muni ko kSudhAparISaha aura bhaktapAna kI AkAMkSA hotI hai| (vi.TI./ bhA. A./gA. 'sammattAdIcArA' 43) / isa kathana se aparAjitasUri ne kevalikavalAhAra kA niSedha kiyA hai, isase siddha hai ki ve digambarAcArya the| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau ikatIsa] 6. hetu-(DaoN0 sAgaramala jI)-yApanIya-krANUgaNa ke jaTAsiMhanandI dvArA racita varAMgacarita se vijayodayATIkA meM kucha zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, isase siddha hotA hai ki aparAjitasUri bhI yApanIya the| nirasana-krANUgaNa digambarasaMgha kA gaNa thA, yApanIyasaMgha meM kaNDUgaNa thaa| ataH jaTAsiMhanandI digambara hI the, isalie aparAjitasUri bhI digambara hI the| 7. hetu-(DaoN0 sAgaramala jI)-vijayodayATIkA meM rAtribhojana-tyAga ko chaThA vrata kahA jAnA yahI pramANita karatA hai ki vaha yApanIya-kRti hai| nirasana-vijayodayATIkA digambarAcAryakRta hai tathA sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArtharAjavArtika Adi digambara-paramparA ke anya granthoM meM bhI rAtribhojanatyAga ko chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| ataH vijayodayATIkA yApanIyakRti nahIM hai| 8. hetu-(DaoN0 sAgaramala jI)-vijayodayATIkA meM zvetAmbarasAhitya meM varNita athAlandasaMyama, jinakalpa, parihArasaMyama, vijahanA Adi kA ullekha hai, jisase aparAjitasUri ke yApanIya hone kI puSTi hotI hai| nirasana-vijayodayATIkA meM digambaramAnya athAlandasaMyamAdi kA varNana hai, zvetAmbaramAnya kA nahIM, ataH aparAjitasUri digambara hI haiN| (adhyAya 14 / pra.2 / shii.8)| 9. hetu-(DaoN0 sAgaramala jI)-vijayodayA meM varNita bhikSupratimAoM kA ullekha kisI digambaragrantha meM nahIM hai| nirasana-aparAjitasUri ne bhagavatI-ArAdhanA (gA. 'sadi Auge sadi' 251) meM varNita bhikSupratimAoM kI TIkA mAtra kI hai, unakA apanI tarapha se ullekha nahIM kiyaa| tathA bhagavatI-ArAdhanA digambaragrantha hI hai| ataH aparAjitasUri yApanIya siddha nahIM hote| 10. hetu-(DaoN0 sAgaramala jI)-vijayodayATIkA meM muni kA sAta gharoM se bhikSA lAne kA varNana digambaramatAnukUla nahIM hai| __nirasana-yadi eka ghara meM jAne para bhikSA prApta na ho, to dUsare ghara meM jAnA aura dUsare meM prApta na ho, to tIsare meM jAnA, isa prakAra chaha gharoM meM bhikSA prApta na hone para sAtaveM ghara meM jAnA, usase Age na jAnA, aise vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa kA varNana vijayodayATIkA meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha digambaramata ke anukUla hI hai| 11. hetu-(DaoN. sAgaramala jI)-vijayodayATIkA meM sadvedya, samyaktva, hAsya, puruSaveda, zubhanAma, zubhagotra evaM zubha-Ayu ko puNyaprakRti kahA gayA hai| yaha kathana For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau battIsa ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 digambara aura zvetAmbara sAhityoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai, kevala tattvArthAdhigamabhASya meM hai, jisakI AlocanA siddhasenagaNI ne kI / isase phalita hotA hai ki aparAjitasUri yApanIya the| nirasana - ukta prakRtiyoM ko dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TIkAoM meM puNyaprakRti siddha kiyA gayA hai, jo digambaragrantha haiN| ataH vijayodayATIkA meM unheM puNyaprakRti kahe jAne se aparAjitasUri yApanIya siddha nahIM hote| tathA jaise tattvArthAdhigamabhASya-kAra umAsvAti unheM puNyaprakRti kahane se yApanIya nahIM kahalA sakate, vaise hI aparAjitasUri bhI nahIM kahalA skte| (adhyAya 14 / pra.2 / zI. 11) / 12. hetu - ( zrImatI paToriyA) - vijayodayATIkA meM zukladhyAna ke prathamabheda 'pRthaktva - vitarka - savIcAra' dhyAna kA adhikArI 'upazAntamoha' nAmaka gyArahaveM guNasthAnavartI ko mAnA gayA hai, yaha aparAjitasUri ke yApanIyamatAvalambI hone kA lakSaNa hai / nirasana - prathama to yApanIyamata meM guNasthAna - siddhAnta mAnya hI nahIM hai, dUsare digambarAcArya vIrasenasvAmI ne bhI upazAntamoha - guNasthAna meM hI prathama zukladhyAna honA mAnA hai| (dhavalA / Sa .khaM./pu.13 / 5,4,26 / pR.74, 78) / ataH isa mAnyatA se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki aparAjitasUri yApanIya the| isa prakAra aparAjitasUri ko yApanIya - AcArya siddha karane ke lie prastuta kiye gaye sabhI hetu nirasta ho jAte haiN| aba ve hetu sAmane rakhe jA rahe haiM, jinase sAbita hotA hai ki aparAjitasUri pakke digambara the 1. unhoMne vijayodayATIkA meM aise siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jinase ApavAdika savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, anyaliMgimukti aura kevalibhukti ina yApanIya-mAnyatAoM kA niSedha hotA hai| 2. TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki sacela apavAdaliMga mokSa kA upAya nahIM hai / vaha parigrahadhArI gRhasthoM kA liMga hai, ataH usakA aMgIkAra muniyoM ko nindA kA pAtra banAtA hai| 3. isameM pratipAdita aparigrahamahAvrata kA lakSaNa yApanIya mAnyatAoM kA virodhI hai| 4. isameM vidhAna kiyA gayA hai ki acela ko hI mahAvrata pradAna kiye jAne caahie| 5. isameM acela ko hI nirgrantha kahA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau teMtIsa] 6. tIrthaMkaroM kA acelaliMga hI mokSa kA ekamAtra mArga tathA sabhI mokSArthiyoM ke lie niyama se grAhya batalAyA gayA hai| yaha yApanIyamata kI savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti aura anyaliMgimukti kI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha hai| 7. puruSazarIra ko hI saMyama kA sAdhana kahA gayA hai, jo yApanIyoM kI strImukti kI mAnyatA kA virodhI hai| 8. vastrAdiparigraha se yukta manuSya ko saMyataguNasthAna kI prApti ke ayogya nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| yaha bhI savastramukti Adi yApanIya-mAnyatAoM ke pratikUla hai| 9. kSudhAparISaha aura bhojana kI AkAMkSA pramattasaMyata-guNasthAna taka hI batalAyI gayI hai| isase yApanIyoM kI kevalibhukti kI mAnyatA kA niSedha hotA hai| 10. bandha aura mokSa kI sampUrNa vyavasthA guNasthAna-kendrita darzAyI gayI hai, jo yApanIyoM kI mokSa-vyavasthA ke viruddha hai| 11. sAdhuoM ke mUlaguNoM aura uttaraguNoM kA varNana digambara-paramparA ke anurUpa 12. vedatraya aura vedavaiSamya svIkAra kiya gaye haiM, jo yApanIyoM ko asvIkArya 13. sAdhu ke lie kezaluJca anivArya batalAyA gayA hai| yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbarakalpasUtra meM chure-kaiMcI se bhI muNDana karAne kI chUTa hai| 14. sAdhu ke lie AhAra meM mAMsa, madhu aura madya ke grahaNa kA kaThoratApUrvaka niSedha hai| yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM unheM apavAdarUpa se grahaNa karane kI anumati dI gaI hai| 15. vijayodayA meM kAladravya kA astitva mAnA gayA hai| yaha mAnyatA yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbara-AgamoM ke viparIta hai| 16. vijayodayA meM varNita cAra anuyogoM ke nAma digambaraparamparA ke anurUpa evaM zvetAmbaraparamparA ke viruddha haiN| adhyAya 15-mUlAcAra mUlAcAra ko bhI yApanIyasampradAya kA grantha mAnanevAle pahale vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI haiN| phira zrImatI DaoN0 paToriyA ne unakI bAta A~kha mIMcakara mAna lii| ina donoM ke vicAroM se to DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ko acchA masAlA mila gayA aura unhoMne premI jI ke hI hetuoM ko bar3hA-car3hAkara mUlAcAra ke yApanIyagrantha hone kI joradAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau cauMtIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 vakAlata kI hai, eka-do naye hetu bhI IjAda kiye haiN| yahA~ sarvaprathama paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI dvArA prastuta hetuoM kA pradarzana evaM unakA nirasana karanevAle pramANa upasthita kiye jA rahe haiM 1. hetu-mUlAcAra meM muniyoM ke lie virata aura AryikAoM ke lie viratI zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki granthakartA muniyoM aura AryikAoM ko eka hI zreNI meM rakhate haiN| yaha mUlAcAra ke yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hone kA lakSaNa hai| nirasana-AcArya kundakunda ne bhI muniyoM ko zramaNa aura AryikAoM ko zramaNI zabda se abhihita kiyA hai, aura mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra AcArya vasunandI ne bhI muniyoM ke lie saMyata aura AryikA ke lie saMyatI vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| ye 'zramaNI' aura 'saMyatI' zabda 'viratI' ke paryAyavAcI haiN| para isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki ye donoM AcArya muniyoM aura AryikAoM ko eka hI zreNI meM rakhate haiM, kyoMki ye donoM digambara haiN| ataH 'virata' aura 'viratI' zabdoM se abhihita karanA muniyoM aura AryikAoM ko eka hI zreNI meM rakhane kA pramANa nahIM hai| (adhyAya 15/pra.2 / shii.1)| isake atirikta mUlAcAra meM spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki solahaveM svarga se Upara nirgranthaliMgadhArI hI janma le sakatA hai| yaha strImuktiniSedha kA do-TUka pramANa hai| ataH mUlAcAra ko yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha mAnanA pramANaviruddha hai| (adhyAya 15/ pr.1/shii.3)| 2. hetu-cauthe sAmAcAra adhikAra (mUlAcAra / gA. 187) meM kahA gayA hai ki abhI taka kahA huA yaha sAmAcAra AryikAoM ke lie bhI yathAyogya jaannaa| isakA artha yaha huA ki granthakartA muniyoM aura AryikAoM ko eka hI zreNI meM rakhate haiN| nirasana-yathAyogya zabda ke prayoga se spaSTa hai ki granthakAra sAmAcAra ke pAlana meM muni aura AryikA kI yogyatA ko samAna nahIM maante| isalie sAmAcAra bhI samAnarUpa se nahIM, apitu yogyatAnusAra pAlanIya batalAyA hai| 28 mUlaguNoM ke pAlana meM bhI unhoMne samAnatA kI apekSA nahIM kI hai, kyoMki AryikAoM ke lie AcelakyAdi saMbhava nahIM haiN| tathA unhoMne solahaveM svarga se Upara strI ke upapAda kA niSedha kiyA hai| isase siddha hai ki granthakAra muniyoM aura AryikAoM ko eka hI zreNI meM nahIM rkhte| (adhyAya 15 / pra. 2 / zI. 2) / .. 3. hetu-196 vIM gAthA meM kahA hai ki isa prakAra kI caryA jo muni aura AryikAe~ karatI haiM, ve jagatpUjA, kIrti aura sukha prApta karake siddha hotI haiN| yaha strIzarIra se mukti kA pratipAdana hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau paiMtIsa] nirasana-ukta gAthA meM strI ke paramparayA mukta hone kA arthAt strIzarIra se devagati aura devagati se manuSyaparyAya meM puruSazarIra pAkara mukta hone kA kathana hai, kyoMki mUlAcAra ke kartA AcArya vaTTakera ne strI ke solahaveM svarga se Upara upapAda kA niSedha kiyA hai| (adhyAya 15/pra.2 / shii.3)| 4. hetu-184 vIM gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki AryikAoM kA gaNadhara gambhIra, durdharSa, alpakautUhala, cirapravrajita aura gRhItArtha honA caahie| isase jAna par3atA hai ki AryikAe~ munisaMgha ke hI antargata haiM aura unakA gaNadhara muni hI hotA hai| nirasana-AryikAoM ke munisaMgha ke antargata hone se strI kA tadbhavamokSa siddha nahIM hotaa| 5. hetu-mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI pacAsoM gAthAe~ samAna haiN| mUlAcAra kI aneka gAthAe~ zvetAmbaragranthoM kI gAthAoM se samAnatA rakhatI haiN| yaha mUlAcAra ke yApanIyagrantha hone kA pramANa hai| nirasana-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA digambaragrantha hai, ataH mUlAcAra aura bhagavatIArAdhanA meM gAthAgata samAnatA se mUlAcAra digambaragrantha hI siddha hotA hai| tathA jina zvetAmbaragranthoM kI gAthAoM kA mUlAcAragata gAthAoM se sAmya hai, ve mUlAcAra se hI unameM pahu~cI haiM, kyoMki mUlAcAra kI racanA una zvetAmbaragranthoM se pUrva huI hai| (adhyAya 15/pra.2 / shii.6)| 6. hetu-mUlAcAra kI 'sejjogAsaNisejjA' gAthA (391) meM kahA gayA hai ki vaiyAvRtya karanevAlA muni rugNamuni kA AhAra, auSadhi Adi se upakAra kre| yaha digambaraparamparA ke viruddha hai| nirasana-yaha digambaraparamparA ke viruddha nahIM hai, isakA spaSTIkaraNa bhagavatIArAdhanA ke adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| (adhyAya 15 / pra.2 / shii.7)| 7. hetu-mUlAcAra kI 'bAvIsaM titthayarA' (535) evaM 'sapaDikkamaNo dhammo' (628) ye gAthAe~ bhI digambaramata ke viruddha haiN| nirasana-ye gAthAe~ bhI digambaramata ke viruddha nahIM haiN| (adhyAya 15 / pra.2 / shii.7)| 8. hetu-mUlAcAra kI 387 vI gAthA meM AcAra-jIta-kalpa granthoM kA ullekha hai, jo yApanIya aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke haiN| * nirasana-mUlAcAra kI ukta gAthA meM ye granthoM ke nAma nahIM haiM, apitu muni For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau chattIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 ke AcAra evaM jIta tathA kalpa nAmaka prAyazcittoM ke nAma haiN| (adhyAya 15 / pra.2/ zI. 8) / 9. hetu-mUlAcAra (gA. 277-78-79) meM asvAdhyAyakAla meM paThanIya ArAdhanAniyukti, maraNavibhakti Adi chaha zvetAmbaragranthoM kA ullekha hai| nirasana-asvAdhyAyakAla meM paThanIya ye sabhI grantha digambaragrantha haiM, kyoMki mUlAcAra meM savastramukti, strImukti Adi yApanIya-mAnyatAoM kA niSedha karanevAle siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai, ataH usameM asvAdhyAya- kAla meM digambaragranthoM ko hI par3hane kA upadeza diyA jA sakatA hai| (adhyAya 15/ pra.2 / shii.9)| 10. hetu-mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbaragrantha Avazyakaniyukti kI lagabhaga 80 gAthAe~ milatI haiN| isase sUcita hotA hai ki usakI racanA Avazyakaniyukti ke AdhAra para nirasana-mUlAcAra kA racanAkAla IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai aura Avazyakaniyukti kI racanA chaThI zatI I0 (vi0 saM0 562) meM huI thii| ataH mUlAcAra kI racanA Avazyakaniyukti ke AdhAra para nahIM ho sktii| vastutaH ve gAthAe~ mUlAcAra se Avazyakaniyukti meM pahu~cI haiN| 11. hetu-mUlAcAra kundakundakRta to hai hI nahIM, unakI vicAraparamparA kA bhI nahIM haiN| nirasana-nimnalikhita pramANa ise kundakunda kI paramparA kA siddha karate haiM ka-kundakunda ne apane granthoM meM savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti aura anyatIrthika-mukti kA ghora virodha kiyA hai| ina cAroM kI mukti kA virodha mUlAcAra meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| kha-kundakunda ne muni ke jina 28 mUlaguNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unakA mUlAcAra meM bhI jyoM kA tyoM varNana milatA hai| ga-kundakunda ke granthoM kI aneka gAthAe~ mUlAcAra meM milatI haiN| gha-kundakunda kI nirUpaNazailI kA prabhAva bhI mUlAcAra ke kartA para dRSTigocara hotA hai| (adhyAya 15 / pra. 2 / shii.11)| 12. hetu-DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA kathana hai ki mUlAcAra meM strIdIkSA kA vidhAna hai, jaba ki kundakunda ne strIpravrajyA kA niSedha kiyA hai| ataH vaha kundakunda kI paramparA kA grantha na hokara yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau saiMtIsa] nirasana-mUlAcAra meM striyoM ke lie savastra aupacArika dIkSA kA vidhAna hai| kundakunda ne bhI unake lie savastra dIkSA deya batalAyI hai| nirvANayogya pAramArthika nAgnyadIkSA kA niSedha kundakunda aura vaTTakera donoM ne kiyA hai, kyoMki striyoM kA nirvANa saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH mUlAcAra kundakunda kI hI paramparA kA grantha hai| isa taraha ve sabhI hetu nirasta ho jAte haiM, jo paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI Adi vidvAnoM ne mUlAcAra ko yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha siddha karane ke lie upasthita kiye haiN| aba ve pramANa darzanIya haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki mUlAcAra digambaraparamparA kA hI grantha hai| ve isa prakAra haiM 1. jisa samaya mUlAcAra kI racanA huI thI, usa samaya yApanIya-sampradAya kA janma hI nahIM huA thaa| mUlAcAra kA racanAkAla IsA kI prathama zatI kA uttarArdha hai, jaba ki yApanIya-sampradAya kA udaya pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke prAraMbha meM huA thaa| 2. mUlAcAra meM ApavAdika savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti aura anyaliMgimukti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jaba ki ye yApanIyaparamparA ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta haiN| 3. mUlAcAra meM muni ke 28 mUlaguNoM aura aneka uttaraguNoM kA vidhAna hai| yApanIyamata meM ye donoM prakAra ke guNa mAnya nahIM haiN| 4. mUlAcAra meM samasta bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha ko parigraha kahA gayA hai| yApanIyamata sthavirakalpiyoM (savastramuniyoM), striyoM, gRhasthoM aura anyaliMgiyoM kI mukti mAnane se, na bAhyaparigraha ko parigraha mAnatA hai, na Abhyantara parigraha ko| 5. mUlAcAra meM mAnA gayA hai ki mokSamArgarUpa ratnatraya kA vikAsa guNasthAnakrama se hotA hai aura pUrNatA caudahaveM guNasthAna meM hotI hai| yApanIyaparamparA aisA nahIM mAnatI, kyoMki usameM mithyAdRSTiguNasthAna meM sthita anyaliMgI sAdhu bhI mukti kA pAtra mAnA gayA hai| 6. mUlAcAra meM kalpa nAmaka svargoM kI saMkhyA solaha batalAyI gayI hai aura nau anudiza nAmaka svarga bhI mAne gaye haiM, jaba ki yApanIyamata ke anusAra kalpa bAraha haiM aura anudiza nAmaka svargoM kA astitva nahIM hai| 7. mUlAcAra meM vedatraya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo yApanIyoM ko svIkArya nahIM hai| 8. mUlAcAra meM AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM se aneka gAthAe~ grahaNa kI gayI haiM, muni ke 28 mUlaguNoM kA bhI pravacanasAra se anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai, savastramukti evaM strImukti ke niSedha tathA strI kI aupacArika dIkSA ke pratipAdana ke AdhAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau ar3atIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 bhI kundakunda ke hI grantha haiN| mUlAcAra meM kundakunda kI nirUpaNazailI bhI apanAyI gayI hai| 9. mUlAcAra ko pUjyapAda, yativRSabha aura vIrasena jaise digambarAcAryoM ne pramANa mAnA hai, jaba ki ve yApanIyoM ko jainAbhAsa aura unake dvArA pratiSThApita jinapratimAoM ko bhI apUjya mAnate the| 10. mUlAcAra para digambara AcAryoM aura paNDitoM ne hI TIkAe~ evaM bhASAvacanikA likhI haiM, kisI zvetAmbara yA yApanIya AcArya ne nhiiN| adhyAya 16-tattvArthasUtra digambaragrantha tattvArthasUtra ko paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI Adi zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne zvetAmbaragrantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kintu DaoN0 sAgaramala jI tattvArthasUtra ke kartA ko, na to digambara mAnate haiM, na zvetAmbara, na yaapniiy| ve unheM usa svabuddhikalpita uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA kA mAnate haiM, jisase, unake anusAra, zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kA janma huA thaa| dUsarI ora paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne tattvArthasUtra ko yApanIya-paramparA kA grantha batalAyA hai| paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI ne tattvArthasUtra ko zvetAmbara-grantha siddha karane ke lie jo hetu vinyasta kiye haiM, ve saba hetvAbhAsa haiN| unakA nirasana karanevAle pramANa nIce draSTavya haiMka-sUtrakAra-bhASyakAra meM sampradAyabheda 1. hetu-tattvArthasUtra aura usa para likhe gaye bhASya, donoM ke kartA umAsvAti haiN| cU~ki bhASya meM muniyoM ke lie vastrapAtrAdi ko saMyama kA sAdhana batalAyA gayA hai, isase siddha hotA hai ki sUtrakAra zvetAmbarAcArya the| nirasana-sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM ke vyakti the| sUtrakAra digambara the, bhASyakAra shvetaambr| yaha nimnalikhita pramANoM se siddha hotA hai 1. sUtrakAra ne nAgnyaliMgarUpa suliMgadhArI (nAgnya-parISahajayI) samyagdRSTi (jinopadeza-zraddhAlu) ko hI mukti kA pAtra batalAyA hai (samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH-ta. sU. 1 / 1), jaba ki bhASyakAra anyaliMgarUpa kuliMgadhArI ko bhI mukti kA pAtra mAnate haiN| (tattvArthAdhigamabhASya / 10 /7 / pR.448)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau unatAlIsa ] 2. sUtrakAra ne zItAdiparISahajaya evaM nAgnyaparISahajaya ko saMvara- nirjarA kA hetu kaha kara vastramukti evaM gRhasthamukti kA niSedha kiyA hai, kintu bhASyakAra ne inakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| granthasAra 3. sUtrakAra ne "bAdarasAmparAye sarve" (ta. sU. /9/12) sUtra dvArA chaThe, sAtaveM, AThaveM aura nauveM guNasthAnoM meM saMbhAvya parISahoM kA kathana kiyA hai, aura unameM sabhI parISaha batalAye haiM / ataH unake anusAra ina guNasthAnoM meM nAgnya parISaha bhI saMbhava hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki strI chaThe se lekara nauveM taka kisI bhI guNasthAna meM nahIM pahu~ca sakatI, kyoMki usake lie vastratyAga asaMbhava hone se nAgnyaparISaha nahIM ho sktaa| yaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki tattvArthasUtrakAra ko strImukti mAnya nahIM hai| sUtrakAra ne 'zukle cAdye pUrvavidaH' (ta.sU./9/37) sUtra meM Adi ke do zukladhyAnoM ke lie caturdaza pUrvoM kA jJAna Avazyaka batalAyA hai| vaha zvetAmbaramatAnusAra bhI striyoM ko saMbhava nahIM hai, jisase nirjarA bhI asaMbhava hai| isa taraha sUtrakAra ne strImukti kA niSedha kiyA hai / (adhyAya 16 / pra.1 / zI. 1.4) / kintu, bhASyakAra kA kathana hai ki strI mukta bhI ho sakatI hai aura tIrthaMkarapada bhI pA sakatI hai| 4. sUtrakAra ne mUrcchA ko parigraha kahA hai aura mUrcchA kA artha hai paradravya kI icchA aura usameM mamatva / sUtrakAra ne saMvara - nirjarA ke lie zIta, uSNa, daMza-mazaka, nAgnya Adi pariSahoM para vijaya Avazyaka batalAyI hai, ataH parISahoM se Darakara unase bacane ke lie jo vastrAdi padArthoM kI icchA hotI hai aura unheM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha sUtrakAra ke anusAra parigraha hai| isake viparIta bhASyakAra mAnate haiM ki sAdhu ke dvArA gRhIta vastra Adi saMyama ke upakaraNa haiM, parigraha nahIM / (adhyAya 16 / pra.1/ zI. 1.5) / 5. sUtrakAra ne digambaragrantha SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra tIrthaMkaraprakRti ke bandhahetuoM kI saMkhyA solaha batalAyI hai, jabaki zvetAmbara - Agama 'jJAtAdharmakathAMga' meM bIsa hetu batAye gaye haiM / ataH sUtrakAra digambaraparamparA ke haiM / kintu, bhASyakAra savastramukti Adi ke samarthaka hone se zvetAmbara haiM / 6. tattvArthasUtra meM kevalI ko kSudhAdi - parISaha hone kA varNana to hai, kintu ve kavalAhAra grahaNa karate haiM, yaha nahIM kahA gayA hai, jaise SaSThAdi guNasthAnoM meM puruSaveda kA udaya hone para bhI yaha upedaza nahIM hai ki muni kAmasevana karate haiN| unheM saMyata hI kahA gayA hai| tathA ArttadhyAna kI utpatti pramattasaMyata guNasthAna taka hI batalAyI gayI hai, jisakA tAtparya yaha hai ki terahaveM guNasthAnavAle kevalI ko kSudhAdijanya vedanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau cAlIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nahIM hotii| isake atirikta kevalajJAna ho jAne para kSayopazamajanya bhAvendriyoM kA abhAva hone jAne se kevalI ko dravyendriyajanya pIr3A ho bhI nahIM sakatI hai aura ghAtikarmacatuSTaya kA kSaya ho jAne se kevalI ananta Ananda kA anubhava karate haiM, ataH unheM kSudhAdi kI pIr3A kA anubhava saMbhava hI nahIM hai| phira mohanIyakarma ke udaya kA abhAva ho jAne se asAtAvedanIya kA udaya asAtA kI anubhUti karAne meM samartha nahIM rhtaa| isake alAvA kavalAhAra grahaNa na karane se kevalI kI akAlamRtyu nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki sUtrakAra ne caramottamadehadhArI ko 'anapavAyu' kahA hai| Agama meM nokarmAhAra kI apekSA sayogakevalI ko AhAraka kahA gayA hai, kavalAhAra kI apekSA nhiiN| nokarmAhAra se hI unakA zarIra Ayaparyanta sthita rahatA hai| caramottamadehadhArI kA anapavAyu honA nokarmAhAra se hI saMbhava hai, kavalAhAra se nahIM, kyoMki kavalAhAra ke lie icchA aura prayatna Avazyaka hote haiM, jinakA kevalI meM mohanIyakarma kA kSaya ho jAne se abhAva ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra tattvArthasUtrakAra kevalibhukti ke niSedhaka haiM, jabaki bhASyakAra samarthaka haiN| isase tathA uparyukta pramANoM se siddha hai ki donoM ke sampradAya bhinna-bhinna haiN| arthAt 'tattvArthasUtra' digambarAcArya kI kRti hai aura 'tattvArthAdhigamabhASya' zvetAmbarAcArya kii| kha-sUtra aura bhASya meM visaMgatiyA~ isa siddhAntabheda ke atirikta sUtra aura bhASya meM jo visaMgatiyA~ haiM, unase bhI siddha hotA hai ki sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM se tAlluka rakhate haiN| ve visaMgatiyA~ isa prakAra haiM 1. digambara-tattvArthasUtra meM 'bhavapratyayo'vadhidevanArakANAm' (1/21) tathA "kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANam" (1/22), ina do sUtroM meM avadhijJAna ke do bheda batalAye gaye haiM : bhavapratyaya, jo deva aura nArakiyoM ke hotA hai tathA kSayopazamanimitta, jo zeSa jIvoM arthAt manuSya aura tiryaMcoM ke hotA hai| ina sUtroM ke pUrva 'dvividho'vadhiH' (avadhijJAna ke do bheda haiM) yaha prastAvanAtmaka sUtra honA cAhie thaa| yaha sUtra zvetAmbara-tattvArthasUtra (1/21) meM hai aura usake bhASya meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki ve do bheda haiM : bhavapratyaya aura kSayopazamanimitta-"bhavapratyayaH kSayopazamanimittazca" (1/21) / agale sUtra meM bhavapratyaya avadhi ke svAmiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai- "bhavapratyayo'vadhidevanArakANAm" (1/22) / yaha sUtra vaisA hI hai, jaisA digambaratattvArthasUtra meM hai| isake bAda kSayopazamanimitta avadhi ke svAmiyoM kA varNana karane ke lie "kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm" aisA sUtra honA cAhie thA, kintu "yathokta-nimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm" (1/23) yaha sUtra hai| yahA~ yathoktanimittaH isa / For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau ikatAlIsa] pada bilakula asaMgata hai, kyoMki 'dvividho'vadhiH' (1/21) sUtra ke bhASya meM avadhijJAna kA dUsarA bheda 'kSayopazamanimitta' batalAyA hai, 'yathoktanimitta' nhiiN| digambara-tattvArthasUtra meM "kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSaNAm" (1/22) hI hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki sUtra meM kSayopazamanimittaH ke sthAna meM yathoktanimitta: pahale hI kiyA jA cukA thA, bhASya usake bAda likhA gyaa| isIlie sUtra ke artha ko yuktisaMgata banAne ke lie bhASyakAra ko likhanA par3A ki yahA~ 'yathoktanimitta' kA artha 'kSayopazamanimitta' hai-'yathoktanimittaH kSayopazamanimitta ityarthaH' (1/23) / yadi sUtrakAra hI bhASyakAra hote to ve sUtra meM hI 'kSayopazamanimitta' zabda kA prayoga karate, jisase bhASya meM spaSTIkaraNa kI AvazyakatA na rhtii| yaha isa bAta kA jvalanta pramANa hai ki sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra bhinna-bhinna vyakti haiN| 2. 'indriyakaSAyAvratakriyAH paJcacatuH paJcapaJcaviMzatisaGkhyAH pUrvasya bhedAH' (ta. sU./6/5), isa sUtra ke digambaramAnya aura zvetAmbaramAnya pAThoM meM tathA siddhasenagaNI aura haribhadrasUri kI TIkAoM meM uddhRtapAThoM meM indriya zabda pahale aura avrata zabda tIsare sthAna para hai| kintu bhASya meM pahale avrata kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai, usake bAda kaSAya kI, phira indriya kii| yaha sUtrakramollaMghana nAma kI asaMgati hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra bhinna-bhinna vyakti haiN| yadi bhASya svopajJa hotA, to isa kramollaMghana kI visaMgati kA prasaMga na aataa| 3."indra-sAmAnika-trAyastriMza-pAriSadyAtmarakSa-lokapAlAnIka-prakIrNakAbhiyogyakilvizikAzcaikazaH" (ta. sU./ zve./4/4), isa sUtra meM pratyeka devanikAya meM devoM ke daza bheda batalAye gaye haiN| bhASyakAra bhI pahale daza bheda hI kahate haiN| kintu , jaba bhedoM kA varNana karate haiM, taba anIkAdhipati bheda atirikta batalAte haiM, jisase gyAraha bheda ho jAte haiN| isase bhI sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra kI bhinnatA prakaTa hotI hai| 4."sArasvatyAditya-vahnayaruNa-gardatoya-tuSitAvyAbAdha-maruto'riSTAzca" (ta.sU./ vi.sa./4/26), isa sUtra meM laukAntika devoM ke nau bheda varNita kiye gaye haiM, kintu isa sUtra aura pUrvasUtra (4/25) ke bhASya meM nAmanirdeza na karate hue ATha hI bheda hone kI sUcanA dI hai-"ete sArasvatAdayo'STavidhA devaa---|" (4 / 26) / 5. tattvArthasUtra meM samyagdarzanI se samyagdRSTi ko bhinna nahIM mAnA gayA hai, bhASya (1/8) meM mAnA gayA hai| 6. tattvArthasUtra (1/13) meM mati, smRti aura saMjJA Adi matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI nAma batalAye gaye haiM, kintu bhASya meM inheM svatantra jJAna mAnA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau bayAlIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 7. bhASyakAra ne dasaveM adhyAya ke 'kSetrakAlagati' ityAdi sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue zabdAdayazca trayaH kahakara zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta, ina tIna ko mUla naya mAna liyA hai, jaba ki ve hI prathama adhyAya meM usa sUtrapATha ko svIkAra karate haiM, jisameM mUla nayoM meM kevala eka zabdanaya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha parasparaviruddha hai aura sUtrakAra ke mata se bhI bhinnatA pradarzita karatA hai| 8. "aupapAdikacaramottamadehAsaMkhyeyavarSAyuSo'napavAyuSaH"(ta.sU./2/53), isa digambaramAnya sUtrapATha meM caramottamadeha pada hai| zvetAmbaramAnya sUtrapATha meM isake sthAna para caramadehottamapuruSa pATha milatA hai| tattvArthabhASyakAra ne prAraMbha meM isa pada ko mAnakara hI usakI vyAkhyA kI hai| kintu bAda meM ve 'uttamapuruSa' pada kA tyAga kara dete haiM aura mAtra caramadeha pada ko svIkara kara usakA upasaMhAra karate haiN| isase vidita hotA hai ki tattvArthabhASyakAra ko isa sUtra ke kucha heraphera ke sAtha do pATha mile hoMge, jinameM se eka pATha ko unhoMne mukhya mAnakara usakA prathama vyAkhyAna kiyaa| kintu usako svIkAra karane para jo Apatti AtI hai, use dekhakara upasaMhAra ke samaya unhoMne dUsare pATha ko svIkAra kara liyaa| spaSTa hai ki isase tattvArthabhASyakAra hI tattvArthasUtrakAra haiM, yaha mAnyatA mithyA siddha hotI hai| 9. "zarIravAGmanaHprANApAnAH pudgalAnAm" (ta. sU./zve./5/19) ke bhASya meM kahA gayA hai-"prANApAnau ca nAmakarmaNi vyAkhyAtau" arthAt nAmakarma ke prakaraNa meM prANa aura apAna kA vyAkhyAna kiyA jA cukA hai| kintu nAmakarma kA prakaraNa AThaveM adhyAya meM hai| ataH vyAkhyAtau yaha bhUtakAlIna kriyA asaMgata hai, vyAkhyAsyete honA cAhie thaa| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki bhASyakAra ne sUtroM kI racanA nahIM kI hai| 10. "ratnazarkarAbAlukA" (ta.sU./zve./3/1) ityAdi sUtra meM Aye ghanAmbuvAtAkAzapratiSThAH pada kA artha karate hue bhASyakAra ne likhA hai "ambuvAtAkAzapratiSThA iti siddhe ghanagrahaNaM kriyate tenAyamarthaH pratIyate --- / " arthAt ambuvAtAkAzapratiSThAH aisA siddha hone para jo ghana zabda kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, usase aisA pratIta hotA hai--- / yahA~ pratIyate zabda nizcayAtmaka nahIM hai, sandehAtmaka hai|--- yadi bhASyakAra hI sUtrakAra hote, to apane hI dvArA prayukta ghana zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM unake mana meM anizcayAtmakatA na rhtii| isalie ve pratIyate kriyA kA prayoga na kara jJApyate jaisI kriyA kA prayoga krte| 11. "audArika-vaikriyAhAraka-taijasa-kArmaNAni zarIrANi" (ta. sU./ zve./2/ 37), isa sUtra meM audArika Adi pA~ca zarIroM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| isake bhASya meM bhI pA~ca zarIroM ke kevala nAma hI batalAye gaye haiM, unakI vyAkhyA nahIM kI gayI hai| vyAkhyA isI adhyAya ke "zubhaM vizuddhamavyAghAti cAhArakaM caturdazapUrvadharasyaiva" For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau teMtAlIsa] (ta. sU./zve./2/49) ke bhASya meM kI gaI hai, jo aprAsaMgika hai| isase sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra kA bhinna honA sUcita hotA hai| 12. "kAyavAGmanaHkarma yogaH" (6 / 1) tathA "hiMsAnRtasteyAbrahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam" (7/1), tattvArthasUtra ke ina sUtroM meM mahAvratoM ko zubhAsrava kA hetu batalAyA gayA hai| bhASya meM bhI isa bAta kI puSTi kI gayI hai| tathA saMvarahetuoM kA varNana karanevAle "sa guptisamitidharmAnuprekSAparISahajayacAritraiH" (9/2) sUtra meM mahAvratoM ko zAmila na karake bhI yaha dyotita kiyA gayA hai ki mahAvrata zubhAsrava ke hetu haiM, saMvara ke nhiiN| kintu bhASyakAra ne "anityAzaraNasaMsAraikatvA" ityAdi sUtra (9/7) ke bhASya meM mahAvratoM ko saMvara kA hetu batalAyA hai| isase bhI sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra ke bhinna hone kI puSTi hotI hai| 13. tattvArthasUtra ke zvetAmbaramAnya pATha meM "kAlazcetyeke" (5/38) sUtra se dhvanita hotA hai ki sUtrakAra svayaM kAladravya ko nahIM maante| kintu bhASyakAra ne loka ko kahIM SaDdravyAtmaka mAnA hai-'sarvaM SaTtvaM SaDdravyAvarodhAditi' (ta. sU./ zve./1/ 35) aura kahIM paJcAstikAyoM kA samUha-"paJcAstikAyasamudAyo lokaH" (ta.sU./ shve./3/6)| sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra ke isa matavaiSamya se siddha hai ki ve bhinnabhinna vyakti haiN| __14: tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bAdarasamparAye sarve (ta. sU./zve./9/12) sUtra kA kathana kara chaThe, sAtaveM, AThaveM aura nauveM guNasthAnoM ke parISahoM kA jJApana kiyA hai, kintu bhASyakAra ne ukta sUtra ko kevala nauveM guNasthAna meM honevAle parISahoM kA pratipAdaka mAnA hai| yaha matabheda donoM ke bhinna vyakti hone kA sUcaka hai| 15. "sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH" (ta. sU./ 8/2) isa sUtra meM karmayogyAn isa alpAkSarAtmaka samasta pada kA prayoga na kara karmaNo yogyAn isa bahvakSarAtmaka asamasta pada kA prayoga kyoM kiyA gayA? isakA samAdhAna sarvArthasiddhikAra ne kiyA hai, bhASyakAra ne nahIM kiyaa| (adhyAya 16 / pra.1 / zI. 3/3.1) / isase siddha hotA hai ki sUtroM kI racanA unhoMne nahIM kii| yadi sUtraracanA unhoMne kI hotI, to karmaNo yogyAn prayoga kA rahasya unheM jJAta hotA aura usakA spaSTIkaraNa ve bhASya meM avazya krte| ga-zvetAmbara bhI bhASyakAra se aparicita 1. vikrama kI 13vIM zatI ke bAda hue zvetAmbaramuni zrI ratnasiMhasUri ne tattvArthAdhigamasUtra para TippaNa likhe haiN| unameM unhoMne bhASyakAra kA nAma na dekara usake For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau cavAlIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 lie sa kazcit (vaha koI) zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, jaba ki sUtrakAra kA nAma umAsvAti kaI sthAnoM para diyA hai| isase dhvanita hotA hai ki TippaNakAra ko bhASyakAra kA nAma mAlUma nahIM thA aura ve use sUtrakAra se bhinna samajhate the| 2. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kI ratnasiMhasUrikRta TippaNoM se yukta prati meM bhASyamAnya tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA kucha adhika sUtra haiM, jinameM se kucha sUtra tattvArthasUtra ke digambaramAnya pATha meM milate haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki uparyukta adhika sUtroMvAlA sUtrapATha bhASyamAnya sUtrapATha ke pahale se hI astitva meM rahA hogA, jo siddhasenagaNI Adi TIkAkAroM kI dRSTi meM nahIM aayaa| isalie unhoMne umAsvAti ko hI sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra donoM mAna liyaa| gha-bhASya se pUrva bhI tattvArthasUtra para TIkAe~ 1. tattvArthAdhigabhASya meM upalabdha ullekhoM se siddha hotA hai ki usake pUrva bhI tattvArthasUtra para TIkAe~ likhI gayI thiiN| (adhyAya 16 / pra.1 / shii.3.4)| yaha tathya isa bAta ko asiddha kara detA hai ki bhASyakAra. hI sUtrakAra the| 2. tattvArthasUtra ke kAla meM jitane bhI sUtragrantha race gaye haiM, unameM se kisI para bhI usake racayitA ne koI bhASya yA vRtti nahIM rcii| pAtaJjalasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra, vedAntasUtra Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bhI apane grantha para koI bhASya nahIM rcaa| (adhyAya 16/pra.1 / shii.5)| . 3. tattvArthAdhigamabhASya kI prAraMbhika kArikAoM ke antargata 23vIM kArikA meM jinavacanarUpI mahodadhi kI mahattA batalAte hue use durgamagranthabhASyapAra kahA gayA hai| TIkAkAra zrI devaguptasUri ne isa pada kA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai-"usa jinavacanarUpI mahodadhi ke granthoM aura una granthoM ke artha ko batalAnevAle jo unake bhASya haiM, unakA pAra pAnA kaThina hai|" yahA~ tattvArthabhASyakAra ne AgamagranthoM ke sAtha unake bhASyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, ataH spaSTa hai ki tattvArthAdhigamabhASya kI racanA bhASyoM ke bAda meM huI hai| bhASyoM kA racanAkAla vikrama kI 7vIM zatI hai| ataH tattvArthabhASya sAtavIM zatI ke pahale kI racanA nahIM ho sktaa| (adhyAya 16/pra.1 / shii.5)| ye bahusaMkhyaka pramANa isa nirNaya meM koI sandeha nahIM rahane dete ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA aura usake bhASyakAra eka vyakti nahIM, apitu bhinna-bhinna vyakti haiN| Ga-ekatvasamarthaka hetuoM kA nirasana zvetAmbara manISI paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI ne sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra ko abhinna vyakti siddha karane ke lie jo hetu vinyasta kiye haiM, ve saba hetvAbhAsa haiN| unakA nirasana karanevAle pramANa Age prastuta haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau paiMtAlIsa] 1. hetu-siddhasenagaNI ne 'tattvArthAdhigamabhASya' kI vRtti meM sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra ko abhinna batalAyA hai| nirasana-isa viSaya meM siddhasenagaNI kI sthiti saMzayApanna rahI hai, kyoMki kahIM ve tatvArthasUtrakAra aura tattvArthabhASyakAra ko eka vyakti mAna lete haiM aura kahIM do| (adhyAya 16 / pra. 1 / zI. 4.1) / tathA vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke bAda hue zvetAmbara muni zrI ratnasiMhasUri ne tattvArthasUtrakAra ko umAsvAti nAma se abhihita kiyA hai aura bhASyakAra ke nAma se anabhijJatA prakaTa kI hai| ye isa bAta ke sabUta haiM ki sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra eka vyakti nahIM haiN| 2. hetu-prArambhika kArikAoM meM aura kucha sthAnoM para bhASya meM bhI vakSyAmi, vakSyAmaH Adi uttamapuruSa kI kriyA kA nirdeza hai, aura isa nirdeza meM kI gayI pratijJA ke anusAra hI bAda meM sUtra meM kathana kiyA gayA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra eka hI vyakti haiN| nirasana-yaha to vyAkhyA kI zailI hai| vyAkhyAkAra kahIM uttamapuruSa kI kriyA kA prayoga kara vyAkhyA karatA hai, jisase aisA lagatA hai, jaise mUlagranthakAra svayaM apane kathana kI vyAkhyA kara rahA ho, aura kahIM mUlagranthakAra ke sAtha anyapuruSa kI kriyA jor3akara vyAkhyA karatA hai, jisase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vyAkhyAkAra mUlagranthakAra ke zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kara rahA hai| prathama prakAra kI vyAkhyAzailI ke udAharaNa aneka TIkAkAroM kI TIkA meM milate haiM, jaise pUjyapAda svAmI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM kahate haiM-"tasya svarUpamanavadyamuttaratra vakSyAmaH" = usa mokSa kA nirdoSa svarUpa Age (dazama adhyAya ke dvitIya sUtra meM) kheNge| (sa. si. / adhyAya 1 / maMgalAcaraNa / pR.2)| yahA~ TIkAkAra pUjyapAda svAmI ne apane sAtha uttamapuruSa kI kriyA kA prayoga kara isa prakAra kathana kiyA hai, jaise ve svayaM sUtrakAra hoM, jaba ki ve sUtrakAra nahIM haiN| ataH 'tattvArthAdhigamasUtra' ke bhASyakara ne yadi apane sAtha uttamapuruSa kI kriyA kA prayoga kara vyAkhyA kI hai, to isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki ve svayaM sUtrakAra haiN| 3. hetu-bhASya meM kisI bhI sthala para sUtra kA artha karane meM zabdoM kI khIMcatAna nahIM huI, kahIM sUtra kA artha karane meM sandeha yA vikalpa nahIM kiyA gayA, na sUtra kI kisI dUsarI vyAkhyA ko mana meM rakhakara sUtra kA artha kiyA gayA aura na kahIM sUtra ke pAThabheda kA hI avalambana liyA gayA hai| isalie sUtrakAra hI bhASyakAra haiN| nirasana-prathama to sUtroM kA artha karane meM zabdoM kI khIMcatAna na honA, sandeha yA vikalpa na honA Adi bAteM kisI vyAkhyA ke sUtrakArakRta hone kA pramANa nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki pAtaJjalasUtra ke vyAsakRta bhASya meM bhI ukta bAteM pAyI jAtI For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau chiyAlIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 haiM, kintu vaha sUtrakArakRta nahIM hai| dUsare, tattvArthasUtra ke ukta bhASya meM bhASyakAra ne koI choTI-moTI khIMcatAna nahIM kI hai, koI mAmUlI sandeha yA vikalpa paidA nahIM kiye haiM, unhoMne itanI gambhIra saiddhAntika viparItatAe~ aura prarUpaNazailI meM itanI jyAdA visaMgatiyA~ utpanna kI haiM ki unake dvArA ve apane ko sUtrakAra se bilakula viruddha dizA meM khIMcakara le gaye haiM aura siddha kara diyA hai ki ve sUtrakAra se sarvathA bhinna vyakti haiN| (adhyAya 16 / pra.1 / zI. 2 evaM 4.3) / ca-bhASya sarvArthasiddhi se uttarakAlIna zvetAmbara vidvAnoM tathA digambara vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI kA kathana hai ki sarvArthasiddhiTIkA aura tattvArthAdhigamabhASya meM anekatra vAkyagata sAmya hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi meM bhASya kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai, ataH bhASya kI racanA sarvArthasiddhi se pUrva huI hai| kintu yaha mata samIcIna nahIM hai| nimnalikhita pramANa siddha karate haiM ki sarvArthasiddhi bhASya se pUrvavartI hai, ataH bhASya meM hI sarvArthasiddhi kA anukaraNa huA hai 1. tattvArthAdhigamabhASya ke anta meM diye hue 32 zloka tattvArtharAjavArtika, jayadhavalA-TIkA evaM tattvArthasAra meM upalabdha hote haiM, kintu sarvArthasiddhi meM nhiiN| tathA kAladravya ke paratvAparatvarUpa upakAra kA bhASyakAra dvArA ullikhita prazaMsAkRta bheda tattvArtharAjavArtika meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, kintu sarvArthasiddhi meM nhiiN| isI prakAra bhASyamAnya sUtrapATha aura bhASya meM jo visaMgatiyA~ haiM, na to unakI carcA sarvArthasiddhi meM kI gayI hai, na hI bhASya meM sAdhu ke vastrapAtrAdi upabhoga kA jo samarthana kiyA gayA hai, usakA khaNDana sarvArthasiddhi meM milatA hai, jaba ki tattvArtharAjavArtika meM ye donoM bAteM upalabdha hotI haiN| ina tathyoM se siddha hotA hai ki sarvArthasiddhikAra ke samakSa tattvArthAdhigamabhASya upasthita nahIM thA arthAt usa samaya taka usakI racanA nahIM huI thii| 2. dUsarI ora upakaraNarUpa dravyendriya ke bAhya aura Abhyantara bheda, pratarAdibheda se nArakiyoM kI avagAhanA, antaradvIpoM kI 96 saMkhyA, laukAntika devoM ke nau ke sthAna meM ATha bheda tathA kevalajJAnopayoga aura kevaladarzanopayoga ke yugapat hone kA mata, ye siddhAnta bhASya meM sarvArthasiddhi se Aye haiN| (adhyAya 16/pra.2/ zI.3) "zrutaM matipUrvaM dvayanekadvAdazabhedam" (ta.sU./1/20) ke bhASya meM dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu yaha pATha bhI sarvArthasiddhi (1 / 26) se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| ye tathya bhI siddha karate haiM ki bhASya sarvAthasiddhi ke pazcAt racA gayA hai| ataH sarvArthasiddhi ke pUrva nirmita tattvArthasUtra kA kartA aura sarvArthasiddhi ke pazcAt praNIta tattvArthAdhigamabhASya kA kartA, donoM eka hI vyakti nahIM ho sakate, isalie donoM bhinna-bhinna vyakti haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau saiMtAlIsa] paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI ne tattvArthAdhigamabhASya ko sarvArthasiddhi se prAcIna siddha karane ke lie tIna hetu prastuta kiye haiM, jo satya nahIM hai| yathA 1. hetu-sarvArthasiddhi meM samyak, darzana, jJAna, cAritra Adi zabdoM kA vyAkaraNika vizleSaNa bhASya kI apekSA vistAra se kiyA gayA hai tathA dArzanika vivecana bhI adhika hai| ataH sarvArthasiddhi kI nirUpaNazailI bhASya se arvAcIna hai, jo usake paravartI hone kA lakSaNa hai| nirasana-bhASya meM aise aneka tattva upalabdha hote haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki usakI zailI meM sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA adhika navInatA hai| udAharaNArtha * sarvArthasiddhi meM maMgalAcaraNa, sambandhakArikAe~ Adi nahIM haiN| 'mokSamArgasya netAraM' ityAdi maMgalAcaraNa sUtrakArakRta hai| (adhyAya 16/pra.2/ shii.6.1/1)| kintu bhASya meM sambandha-kArikAoM ke nAma se bAIsa zlokoMvAlA maMgalAcaraNa nibaddha hai| itanA hI nahIM usake pazcAt nau zlokoM meM grantharacanA ke prayojana Adi varNita haiN| sarvArthasiddhi ke anta meM upasaMhArarUpa meM kisI viSaya kA varNana nahIM hai, jaba ki bhASya meM 32 zlokAtmaka vistRta upasaMhAra hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM bhI zlokabaddha upasaMhAra nahIM hai, bhASya meM hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM AlaMkArika prayoga alpa hue haiM, bhASya meM inakI bahulatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| . - sarvArthasiddhi meM paryAyazabdoM kA prayoga bhI atyalpa hai, bhASya meM pracura hai| - sarvArthasiddhi meM nayavAda zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai, bhASya meM anekatra hai| 2. hetu-bhASya meM artha kA vistAra nahIM hai, sarvArthasiddhi meM hai| ataH sarvArthasiddhi bhASya ke bAda racI gayI hai| nirasana-bhASya meM anya prakAra se sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA adhika vistAra upalabdha hotA hai| (adhyAya 16 / pra.2 / shii.6.2)| 3. hetu-bhASya meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA tattva dikhAI nahIM detA, sarvArthasiddhi meM dikhAI detA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki acelakatva, strImukti, kevalikavalAhAra, kAlatattva jaise viSayoM para tIvra matabheda ho jAne ke bAda hI sarvArthasiddhi likhI gayI hai, jo usake bhASya se arvAcIna hone kA pramANa hai| (adhyAya 16/pra.2 / shii.6.4)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau ar3atAlIsa] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nirasana-digambara-zvetAmbara-sampradAyabheda to jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa (465 I0 pU0) ke bAda hI ho gayA thA, jaba donoM sampradAyoM kI AcArya-paramparA alaga-alaga ho gayI thii| isa bheda kA ullekha IsApUrvakAlIna bauddhasAhitya meM nirgrantha aura zvetavastra nAmoM se huA hai| ataH siddha hai ki sarvArthasiddhi kI to kyA, tattvArthasUtra kI bhI racanA digambara-zvetAmbara-sampradAya-bheda ke bAda huI hai, taba tattvArthAdhigamabhASya kI racanA ukta bheda ke pUrva huI ho, yaha to saMbhava hI nahIM hai| tattvArthasUtra svayaM digambarajainasiddhAntoM kA pratipAdaka grantha hai, yaha pUrva meM darzAyA jA cukA hai| isa prakAra sarvArthasiddhi aura bhASya donoM hI sampradAyabheda ke bAda kI kRtiyA~ haiM, ataH sampradAyabheda ke AdhAra para yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki sarvArthasiddhi bhASya se uttarakAlIna hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jI ne pRSThasaMkhyA yA paMktisaMkhyA kI nyUnAdhikatA ke AdhAra para artha kA vistAra yA avistAra mAnA hai| ve likhate haiM-"sarvArthasiddhi ke prathama adhyAya ke 8veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM lagabhaga sattara pRSThoM meM guNasthAna aura mArgaNAsthAna kI carcA kI gaI hai, jaba ki tattvArthabhASya meM guNasthAnasiddhAnta kA pUrNataH abhAva hai| usameM prathama adhyAya ke AThaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA kevala do pRSThoM meM samApta ho gaI hai| (jai. dha. yA. s./pR.303)| nirasana-ukta bAta likhate samaya DaoNkTara sA0 bhUla gaye ki dasaveM adhyAya ke 'kSetrakAlagatiliGga' ityAdi sUtra (10/7) kI vyAkhyA, jahA~ sarvArthasiddhi meM 25 paMktiyoM meM kI gayI hai, vahA~ bhASya meM 141 paMktiyoM kA prayoga huA hai| aura aise 30 sUtra haiM, jinakI vyAkhyA sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA bhASya meM dugunI, caugunI, pacagunI, aura chahagunI paMktiyoM meM kI gayI hai, prathama adhyAya ke 8 veM sUtra ke bhASya meM bahuta kama paMktiyA~ prayukta huI haiM, isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhASyakAra ne vyAkhyA kI hI nahIM hai| aneka sUtroM meM aisA huA hai| jahA~ vyAkhyA hI nahIM kI gayI hai, vahA~ vyAkhyAgata vistAra aura avistAra kA nirNaya kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| jahA~ vyAkhyA hai, vahA~ bhASya meM anekatra sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA adhika paMktiyoM kA prayoga huA hai, ataH isa dRSTi se bhI bhASya hI arvAcIna siddha hotA hai| (adhyAya 16/pr.2/shii.6)| DaoNkTara sA0 kA yaha kathana bhI mithyA hai ki bhASya meM guNasthAnasiddhAnta kA pUrNataH abhAva hai| tattvArthasUtra meM jahA~ jina guNasthAnoM kA ullekha huA hai, vahA~ bhASya meM bhI una guNasthAnoM ke nAma varNita haiN| ataH guNasthAnavikAsavAda kI mithyA dhAraNA ke AdhAra para bhI sarvArthasiddhi ko tattvArthAdhigamabhASya kI apekSA arvAcIna nahIM kahA jA sktaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau unacAsa ] sarvArthasiddhi kA racanAkAla 450 I0 nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai aura tattvArthAdhigamabhASya kI racanA pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke uttarArdha meM valabhIvAcanA ke samaya zvetAmbara - paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra ke lipibaddha kiye jAne ke pazcAt huI hai / aura usameM vizeSAvazyakabhASya-mAnya lokarUr3ha - nAgnya yA upacarita-nAgnya kA ullekha na hone se usakA racanAkAla chaThI zatI I0 kA pUrvArdha siddha hotA hai / (adhyAya 16 / pra.2 / zI. 7) / isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi evaM tattvArthAdhigamabhASya ke racanAkAla kI pUrvAparatA se bhI siddha hai ki sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra bhinna-bhinna vyakti haiN| granthasAra tattvArthasUtra ke karttA kA nAma gRdhrepicchAcArya hai aura tattvArthAdhigamabhASyakAra kA nAma umAsvAti hai / digambarAcAryoM ne bhrama se umAsvAti ko tattvArthasUtra kA karttA mAna liyA aura 16vIM zatI I0 ke zrutasAgarasUri ne 'tattvArthavRtti' meM umAsvAti ke sthAna meM 'umAsvAmI' zabda kA prayoga kara diyaa| taba se umAsvAmI tattvArthasUtra ke kartA kahalAne lge| (adhyAya 16 / pra.2 / zI. 8 ) / cha - sabhI sUtra digambaramata-sammata zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke nimnalikhita sUtra digambaramata ke viruddha aura zvetAmbaramata ke aviruddha haiM 1. dazASTapaJcadvAdazavikalpAH kalpopapannaparyAntAH (4 / 3 ) / 2. ekAdaza jine (9 / 11) / 3. mUrcchA parigraha: (7 /17) / 4. pulAkabakuzakuzIlanirgranthasnAtakA nirgranthAH (9/46) / 5. kAlazcetyeke / (tattvArthAdhigamabhASya-mAnya pATha 5 / 38) / yataH ye sUtra digambaramata ke viruddha aura zvetAmbaramata ke aviruddha haiM, ataH tattvArthasUtra digambaraparamparA kA grantha na hokara zvetAmbaraparamparA kA hai| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR. 311-316) / nirasana - yaha kathana satya nahIM hai| ukta sabhI sUtra digambaramata-sammata haiM / "mUrcchA parigrahaH aura "ekAdaza jine" sUtroM ke digambaramata - sammata hone kI siddhi pUrva meM kI jA cukI hai| digambaramata meM kalpasaMjJaka svargoM kI saMkhyA bAraha bhI mAnI gayI hai aura solaha bhI / isalie "dazASTapaJcadvAdazavikalpAH kalpopapannaparyantAH " (4/3) yaha sUtra digambaramatAnukUla hai| pulAka, bakuza Adi muniyoM kA svarUpa bhI digambara mAnyatAoM ke viruddha nahIM hai / tathA " kAlazcetyeke" (kucha loga kAla ko bhI dravya For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau pacAsa ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 "1 mAnate haiM) yaha sUtra tattvArthasUtra kA maulika sUtra nahIM hai / tattvArthasUtra meM "vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya' (ta.sU. / zve. 5 / 22) tathA " so'nantasamayaH " (ta. sU. / zve./5/39) ina sUtroM ke dvArA kAladravya ke upakAra tathA anantasamaya rUpa paryAyeM batalAyI gayI haiM, jisase siddha hai ki tattvArthasUtrakAra ko kAladravya kI svataMtra sattA mAnya hai| ataH "kAlazca" (ta. sU. / di. / 5 / 39) sUtra hI tattvArthasUtra kA maulika sUtra hai| (adhyAya 16/pra.3/zI. 1-3) / ja - kevalI kA darzanajJAnayaugapadya digambaramAnya paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI kA eka tarka yaha hai ki tattvArthAdhigamabhASya ( 1 / 31 ) meM kevalI bhagavAn ke darzanopayoga aura jJAnopayoga kA yugapat honA mAnA gayA hai, jo digambaragranthoM meM dikhAI nahIM detaa| isalie tattvArthasUtra digambaragrantha nahIM hai / nirasana--sarvArthasiddhi (2/9) tathA kundakundAcAryakRta niyamasAra (gA. 160) meM spaSTa zabdoM meM uparyukta yaugapadya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaha zvetAmbara - AgamoM meM mAnya nahIM hai, ataH bhASyakAra ne sarvArthasiddhi se hI use grahaNa kiyA hai / (adhyAya 16/ pra.3/ zI. 4) / isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra ko digambaraparamparA kA grantha asiddha karane ke lie mAnanIya saMghavI jI evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne jitane bhI tarka upasthita kiye haiM, ve saba nirasta ho jAte haiM, aura siddha hotA hai ki vaha digambaraparamparA kA hI grantha hai| jha - - tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke AdhAra digambaragrantha zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA zvetAmbara - AgamoM ke AdhAra para huI hai, ataH vaha zvetAmbaragrantha hai| nirasana - zvetAmbaramuni upAdhyAya zrI AtmArAma jI ne tattvArthasUtra - jainAgamasamanvaya nAmaka grantha meM zvetAmbara - AgamoM se una kathanoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai, jinake AdhAra para unake anusAra tattvArtha ke sUtroM kI racanA huI hai| kintu tattvArtha ke adhikAMza sUtroM kI unake sAtha na to zabdagata samAnatA hai, na arthagata aura na racanAgata / ye samAnatAe~ digambaragranthoM ke sUtroM aura gAthAoM ke sAtha haiN| isa kAraNa tattvArtha ke sUtroM kI racanA ke AdhAra digambaragrantha haiM, isalie vaha digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai / ( adhyAya 16 / pra.4 ) / Ja - tattvArthasUtra kA racanAkAla : dvitIya zatI I0 kA pUrvArdha paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI ne 'sarvArthasiddhi' kA racanAkAla vikrama kI pA~cavIMchaThIM zatAbdI svIkAra kara tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ke samaya kI uttarasImA usase For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #157
granthasAra [eka sau ikyAvana] do sau varSa pahale arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI nizcita kI hai| (ta. sU./ vi.s./prstaa./pR.7-8)| kintu, AcArya kundakunda ne apane granthoM kI racanA IsApUrva prathama zatI ke antima caraNa tathA Isottara prathama zatI ke prathama caraNa meM kI thI, aura prathama zatI I0 ke tRtIya caraNa meM bhagavatI-ArAdhanA evaM caturtha caraNa meM mUlAcAra kI racanA huI thI, jinameM kundakunda ke granthoM se aneka gAthAe~ grahaNa kI gaI haiN| tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti 'di iNDiyana aiNTikverI' meM prakAzita nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM tathA zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM meM AcArya kundakunda ke ziSya batalAye gaye haiM aura unhoMne tattvArthasUtra kI racanA AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA tathA mUlAcAra ke AdhAra para kI hai, jisase unakA sthitikAla IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha phalita hotA hai| (adhyAya 10/pr.1/shii.4)| - ta. sU. ke u. bhA. sacelA. nirgrantha sampra. kA grantha na hone ke pramANa DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne eka naI udbhAvanA yaha kI hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA umAsvAti na digambara the, na zvetAmbara, na yApanIya, apitu ve savastramukti, strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi kI mAnyatAoMvAle usa uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasampradAya ke AcArya the, jo ukta tInoM sampradAyoM se pUrvavartI thA aura IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM jisake vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kI utpatti huI thii| isalie IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI meM racita tattvArthasUtra aura usakA bhASya uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgrantha-sampradAya kI kRtiyA~ haiN| nirasana 1. uttarabhAratIya - sacelAcela - nirgrantha - sampradAya kA astitva hI nahIM thA, yaha dvitIya adhyAya ke tRtIya prakaraNa meM siddha kiyA gayA hai| ataH jisa sampradAya kA astitva hI nahIM thA, umAsvAti usa sampradAya ke AcArya nahIM ho skte| isase siddha hai ki tattvArthasUtra kA zvetAmbaramAnya pATha aura usakA bhASya ukta sampradAya kI kRtiyA~ nahIM haiN| 2. IsApUrva chaThI zatAbdI ke buddhavacanasaMgrahabhUta bauddhagrantha aMguttaranikAya meM, prathamazatAbdI I0 ke bauddhagrantha divyAvadAna meM tathA IsApUrva tRtIya zatAbdI ke samrATa azoka ke dehalI (ToparA) ke saptama stambhalekha meM nirgrantha zabda se digambara jaina muniyoM kA ullekha huA hai| isI prakAra azokakAlIna yA IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke bauddhagrantha apadAna meM setavattha (zvetavastra = zvetapaTa) zabda se zvetAmbarajaina sAdhuoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/pra.2 / zI.1.1, 1.2 tathA 14) / ina aitihAsika For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau bAvana ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kA astitva IsApUrva - kAla meM bhI thA, ataH tattvArthasUtra ke zvetAmbaramAnya pATha evaM usake bhASya ke karttA umAsvAti zvetAmbara hI the| 0 tattvArthasUtra ke yApanIyagrantha na hone ke pramANa digambara vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne mAnA hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya donoM ke karttA umAsvAti haiM / aura aisA mAnate hue unhoMne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hai / kintu isake samarthana meM unhoMne jo hetu pradarzita kiye haiM, ve yathArtha se pare haiM / ataH unase yaha siddha nahIM hotA tattvArthasUtra yApanIyagrantha hai / yathA 1. hetu - zvetAmbara - tattvArthasUtra ke aSTama adhyAya ke antimasUtra meM puruSaveda, hAsya, rati aura samyaktvamohanIya ko puNyaprakRti batalAyA gayA hai, ataH tattvArthasUtra yApanIyagrantha hai / (adhyAya 16 / pra.6) / nirasana -pakke digambarAcArya aparAjitasUri ne bhI digambaragrantha bhagavatI - ArAdhanA kI 'aNukaMpAsuddhavaogo' gAthA (1828 ) kI vijayodayATIkA meM tathA digambarAcArya vIrasena svAmI ne dhavalA tathA jayadhavalA TIkAoM meM uparyukta cAra ko puNya prakRti kahA hai| ataH jaise ye yApanIyagrantha siddha nahIM hote, vaise hI tattvArthasUtra bhI siddha nahIM hotaa| (adhyAya 14/pra.2 / zI. 11) / 2. hetu - bhASya (7/3) meM pA~ca vratoM kI jo pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAe~ batalAyI gayI haiM, unameM acauryavrata kI bhAvanAe~ bhagavatI - ArAdhanA ke anusAra haiM, sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra nhiiN| isase bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki bhASyakAra aura bhagavatI - ArAdhanA ke karttA, donoM yApanIya haiN| nirasana- bhagavatI-ArAdhanA digambaragrantha hai, yaha siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| ataH bhASyakAra ne acauryavrata kI bhAvanAe~ vahA~ se grahaNa kI haiM, isa kAraNa ve yApanIya siddha nahIM ho sakate / anya hetuoM se bhASyakAra bhale hI yApanIya siddha hote hoM, tattvArthasUtrakAra yApanIya siddha nahIM hote / 3. hetu -- bhagavatI - ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra ke anusAra hI tattvArthasUtra meM dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA varNana hai aura ukta donoM grantha yApanIyaparamparA ke haiM, isalie tattvArthasUtra bhI usI paramparA kA hai| nirasana - pUrva meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki ukta donoM grantha digambaraparamparA ke haiM, ataH uparyukta hetu se tattvArthasUtra digambara- paramparA kA hI grantha siddha hotA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau tirapana] 4. hetu-'AryA mlecchAzca' (ta.sU./zve./3/15) sUtra ke bhASya meM antaradvIpoM ke nAma vahA~ ke manuSyoM ke nAma para par3e hue batalAye gaye haiN| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI vijayodayATIkA meM bhI aisA hI kahA gayA hai| cU~ki aparAjitasUri yApanIya haiM, ataH uparyukta matasAmya se bhASyakAra, jo ki sUtrakAra bhI haiM, yApanIya siddha hote haiN| nirasana-aparAjita sUri pakke digambarAcArya the, yaha pUrva meM aneka pramANoM se siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| ataH ukta matasAmya se bhASyakAra yApanIya siddha nahIM hote| phalasvarUpa bhASyakAra ko hI sUtrakAra mAnane para bhI yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki tattvArthasUtra yApanIyagrantha hai| isa taraha tattvArthasUtra ko zvetAmbara-sampradAya, yApanIya-sampradAya aura uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela-nirgrantha-sampradAya kA grantha siddha karane ke lie prastuta kiye gaye samasta hetuoM ke nirasta ho jAne tathA usameM savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti aura kevalibhukti kI mAnyatAoM kA niSedha hone se siddha hotA hai ki vaha na zvetAmbarasampradAya kA grantha hai, na yApanIyasampradAya kA aura na kapolakalpita uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela-nirgranthasampradAya kA, apitu digambarasampradAya kA hai| adhyAya 17-tiloyapaNNattI DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne AcArya yativRSabhakRta tiloyapaNNattI kA adhyayana kiye binA hI use yApanIyagrantha ghoSita kara diyA hai| ve likhate haiM-"yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtroM meM na to strImukti kA niSedha hai aura na kevalibhukti kA, ataH unheM yApanIyaparamparA se sambaddha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii|" (jai. dha. yA. sa./pR. 115) / . kintu , yativRSabhakRta tiloyapaNNattI meM to spaSTa zabdoM meM strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA niSedha hai| yathA cauviha-uvasaggehiM Niccavimukko ksaayprihiinno| chuha - pahudi - parisahehiM paricatto raaydosehiN|| 1/59 // edehiM aNNehiM vircid-crnnaarviNd-jugpugjo| diTTha - sayalaTTha - sAro mahAvIro atthkttaaro|| 1/64 // ina gAthAoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko spaSTataH kSudhA Adi bAIsa parISahoM se rahita batalAyA gayA hai, jo DaMke kI coTa para kevalibhukti kA niSedha hai| isI prakAra tiloyapaNNattI kI nimnalikhita gAthAoM meM dezavratiyoM (zrAvakoM) aura striyoM kA gamana acyuta svarga (solahaveM kalpa) taka, abhavya jinaliMgadhAriyoM kA nauveM graiveyakaparyanta tathA nirgranthoM kA sarvArthasiddhi taka batalAyA gayA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau cauvana ] sohammAdI - accudapariyaMtaM cavihadANapaTTA jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 jaMti devadattA / akasAyA paMcagurubhattA // 8/581 // sammattaNANaajjavalajjAsIlAdiehi jAyaMte itthIA jA jiNaliMgadhAriNo je ukkiTThatavassameNa saMpUNNA / paripUNNA / accuda- kappa - pariyaMtaM // 8 / 582 // jAyaMti abhavvA uvarima - gevajja- pariyaMtaM // 8/583 // parado accaNa-vada-tava- daMsaNa- NANa- caraNasaMpaNNA / NiggaMthA jAyaMte bhavvA savvaTTasiddhipariyaMtaM // 8/584 // ye savastramukti, strImukti aura gRhasthamukti ke niSedha kI spaSTa ghoSaNAe~ haiM / ina yApanIyamata-viruddha siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana se siddha ho jAtA hai ki tiloyapaNNattI ke karttA AcArya yativRSabha ko yApanIyaparamparA se sambaddha mAnanA satya kA kitanA bar3A apalApa hai! ukta yApanIyamata- viruddha siddhAnta digambarajaina siddhAnta haiN| tiloyapaNNattI meM unakI upalabdhi pramANita karatI hai ki vaha digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai / adhyAya 18 - sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena digambarAcArya AcArya siddhasenakRta sanmatisUtra ( sammaisuttaM ) prAcInakAla se digambaragrantha ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai, kintu kucha Adhunika zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne use zvetAmbaragrantha tathA kucha navIna digambara - zodhakarttAoM ne yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne use svakalpita uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA kA grantha batalAyA hai| mAnanIya paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne gahana anusandhAna karake prabala yuktiyoM aura pramANoM ke dvArA siddha kiyA hai ki vaha digambara-grantha hI hai / unakA yaha anusandhAnAtmaka lekha unake purAtana - jainavAkya-sUcI nAmaka grantha kI prastAvanA kA aMga hai, jo pRSTha 119 se 168 taka sanmatisUtra aura siddhasena zIrSaka se mudrita hai| unake zodha - niSkarSa nIce prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM 1. kalyANamandirastotra, 2. dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA ( stutigrantha) 3. sanmatisUtra aura 4. nyAyAvatAra, ina cAra kRtiyoM ko zvetAmbara vidvAn eka hI siddhasena kI kRtiyA~ mAnate haiM aura yataH kucha dvAtriMzikAoM meM zvetAmbarIya siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai, isalie kalyANamandirastotra evaM sanmatisUtra ko bhI zvetAmbaragrantha kahate haiM / ka - paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra kA kathana hai ki vartamAna kalyANamandira stotra ke antima padya meM sUcita kiye gaye kumudacandra nAma ke anusAra digambara jaina use kumudacandrAcAryakRta digambarajaina kRti mAnate haiN| yaha yuktisaMgata hai, kyoMki usameM For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau pacapana ] 'prAgbhArasambhRta-nabhAMsi rajAMsi roSAt' ityAdi tIna padya aise haiM, jo pArzvanAtha ko daityakRta upasarga se yukta prakaTa karate haiM, jo digambaramAnyatA ke anukUla aura zvetAmbaramAnyatA ke pratikUla haiM / kAraNa yaha hai ki zvetAmbarIya AcArAMganiryukti meM varddhamAna ko chor3akara zeSa 23 tIrthaMkaroM ke tapaHkarma ko nirupasarga varNita kiyA gayA hai| isase upalabdha kalyANamandirastotra digambarakRti siddha hotA hai| (adhyAya 18 / pra.1 / zI. 3) / granthasAra kha - mukhtAra jI ne nyAyAvatAra ke karttA siddhasena ko zvetAmbara mAnA hai, kyoMki unakI digambara - sampradAya meM mAnyatA nahIM hai aura 'nyAyAvatAra' para kisI digambara kI TIkA bhI nahIM milatI, jaba ki usa para zvetAmbaroM ke aneka TIkA-TippaNa upalabdha hote haiM / (adhyAya 18 / pra.1 / zI. 10) / ga - sanmatisUtra ke karttA siddhasena ko mukhtAra jI ne nimnalikhita hetuoM ke AdhAra para digambara jainAcArya siddha kiyA hai 1. sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena ne zvetAmbara - AgamoM kI upayogadvaya-viSayaka kramavAda (kevalI ke darzanopayoga aura jJAnopayoga ke kramazaH hone) kI mAnyatA kA sanmati - sUtra meM joradAra khaNDana kiyA hai aura upayoga - abhedavAda yA ekopayogavAda (kevalI ke upayoga meM darzanopayoga aura jJAnopayoga kA bheda na hone) kI siddhi kI hai, jo digambaramAnya yaugapadyavAda (kevalI ke darzanopayoga aura jJAnopayoga ke kramazaH na hokara eka sAtha hone kI mAnyatA) ke nikaTa hai| 2. zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena kI abhedavAdI mAnyatA kI kaTu AlocanA kI hai aura unake prati anAdarabhAva prakaTa kiyA hai, jaba ki digambarasAhitya meM sarvatra unakA sammAnapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 3. digambarasampradAya meM sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena ko senagaNa (saMgha) kA AcArya mAnA gayA hai aura senagaNa kI paTTAvalI meM unakA ullekha hai / 4. harivaMzapurANakAra digambarAcArya jinasena ne purANa ke anta meM apanI gurvAvalI meM sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai aura AraMbha meM unakI sUktiyoM ko bhagavAn vRSabhadeva kI sUktiyoM ke tulya batalAyA hai / 5. AdipurANakAra jinasena ne sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena ko apane se utkRSTa kavi nirUpita karate hue mithyAvAdiyoM ke matoM kA nirasana karanevAlA kahA hai| 6. vIrasena svAmI ne 'dhavalA' meM aura unake ziSya jinasena ne 'jayadhavalA' meM siddhasena ke sanmatisUtra ko apanA mAnya grantha kahA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau chappana] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 7. niyamasAra' kI tAtparyavRtti meM padmaprabhamaladhArideva ne ukta siddhasena kI vandanA karate hue unheM siddhAnta kA jJAtA aura pratipAdana-kauzala-rUpa uccazrI kA svAmI sUcita kiyA hai| isake atirikta pratApakIrti ne AcAryapUjA ke prAraMbha meM dI huI gurvAvalI meM tathA muni kanakAmara ne karakaMDucariu meM sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena kI atyanta prazaMsA kI hai| 8. padmapurANakAra raviSeNa ne sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena ko indraguru kA ziSya, arhanmuni kA guru aura raviSeNa ke guru lakSmaNasena kA dAdA guru arthAt apanA paradAdAguru kahA hai| 9. digambara-senagaNa kI paTTAvalI meM bhI ukta siddhasena ke viSaya meM ujjayinI ke mahAkAla-mandira meM liMgasphoTanAdi-sambandhI ghaTanA kA ullekha milatA hai| 10. ina hetuoM meM eka hetu maiM bhI jor3a denA cAhatA hU~, vaha yaha ki digambarAcArya jaTAsiMhanandI ne 'varAMgacarita' meM sanmatisUtra kI aneka gAthAoM ko saMskRta padyoM meM rUpAntarita kiyA hai| ye hetu sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena ko digambarAcArya siddha karanevAle dRr3ha pramANa haiN| (adhyAya 18 / pr.1)| gha-dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA 32-32 padyoM kI 32 kRtiyoM kA saMgraha hai, jinameM se 21 upalabdha haiN| 1. inameM se pahalI, dUsarI aura pA~cavIM dvAtriMzikAoM meM yugapadvAda (kevalI ke darzanopayoga aura jJAnopayoga ke yugapad hone kA mata) svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH inake kartA upayoga-abhedavAdI sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena nahIM ho skte| (adhyAya 18/ pra.1/ shii.5.2)| ye kisI anya digambara siddhasena kI kRtiyA~ haiN| 2. unnIsavIM nizcayadvAtriMzikA ekopayogavAda-virodhI aura yugapadvAdI hai, ataH ekopayogavAdI sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena kI kRti nahIM hai| isake atirikta isameM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna tathA avadhijJAna evaM manaHparyayajJAna meM abheda mAnA gayA hai| darzanajJAna-cAritra ko pRthak-pRthak mokSamArga svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravyoM kA astitva bhI amAnya kiyA gayA hai| ye mAnyatAe~ bhI sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena kI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha haiN| ataH isa 'nizcayadvAtriMzikA' ke kartA koI aura siddhasena haiN| (adhyAya 18 / pra.1 / zI.5.3 se 5.8) / ukta 'nizcayadvAtriMzikA' ke aMta meM usake kartA siddhasena ko dveSya-zvetapaTa vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai dveSayogya (zatru mAne jAne yogya) shvetaambr| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau sattAvana] yaha vizeSaNa unakI jainasiddhAntavirodhI mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa unake hI sampradAya ke kisI asahiSNu vidvAn ke dvArA diyA gayA jAna par3atA hai, ataH yaha 19vIM dvAtriMzikA kisI zvetAmbara siddhasena kI hai| 3. ikkIsavIM dvAtriMzikA bhI kisI zvetAmbara siddhasena dvArA racita hai| (adhyAya 18/pra.1/ shii.4)| upasaMhAra karate hue mukhtAra jI likhate haiM ki prathamAdi pA~ca dvAtriMzikAoM ko (upayoga-yugapadvAdI) digambara siddhasena kI, 19vIM tathA 21vIM dvAtriMzikAoM ko zvetAmbara siddhasena kI aura zeSa dvAtriMzikAoM ko donoM meM se kisI bhI sampradAya ke siddhasena kI athavA donoM hI sampradAyoM ke siddhasenoM kI alaga-alaga kRti kahA jA sakatA hai| (adhyAya 18 / pra.1 / shii.10)| Ga-DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA kathana hai ki paMcama dvAtriMzikA (36) meM yazodA ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki siddhesana zvetAmbara the| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.228)| kintu 'paJcama dvAtriMzikA' meM upayoga-yugapadvAda kA pratipAdana hai, jo sanmatisUtrakAra ke upayoga-abhedavAda ke viruddha hai| ataH vaha unakI kRti nahIM hai| isalie usameM mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha hone se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena zvetAmbara the| (adhyAya 18/ pr.2)| . DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne aura bhI aneka hetvAbhAsoM ke dvArA paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ke nirNayoM kA virodha kiyA hai| unakA nirasana aSTAdaza adhyAya ke dvitIya prakaraNa meM draSTavya hai| ca-sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena kA samaya-siddhasena ne sanmatisUtra meM chaThI zatI I0 (vi0 saM0 562) ke niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu-dvitIya dvArA puraskRta upayoga-kramavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura siddhasena ke upayoga-abhedavAda kA khaNDana 7 vIM zatI I0 (vikrama kI 7vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha) ke bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne 'tattvArtharAjavArtika' meM aura isI samaya ke jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' (vi0 saM0 666) meM kiyA hai| ataH sanmatisUtrakAra kA samaya IsA kI chaThI aura sAtavIM sadI kA madhya hai (adhyAya 18/ pra.1/ shii.6,7)| pUjyapAda devanandI ne jainendravyAkaraNa meM jina siddhasena kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena nahIM haiM, apitu tIsarI aura nauvIM dvAtriMzikA ke kartA siddhasena haiN| ve pUjyapAda devanandI se pahale hue haiN| kintu unase pahale upayogadvaya ke kramavAda tathA abhedavAda ke koI puraskartA nahIM hue haiM, hue hote to pUjyapAda apanI sarvArthasiddhi meM sanAtana se cale Aye yugapadvAda kA pratipAdanamAtra karake hI na raha jAte, balki usake virodhI vAda athavA vAdoM kA khaNDana jarUra krte| (adhyAya 18 / pra. 1 / shii.7.1)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau aTThAvana] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 - sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena ke yApanIyatva kA nirasana DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye aura unakA anusaraNa karanevAlI zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ne sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena ko yApanIyaparamparA kA siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kintu unake dvArA prastuta sabhI hetu hetvAbhAsa haiM, ataH yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki ve yApanIyaparamparA ke the| unake dvArA prastuta hetu aura unakA nirasana aSTAdaza adhyAya ke saptama prakaraNa meM darzanIya hai| - uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke AcArya hone kA nirasana ___ DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne sanmatisUtrakAra siddhasena ko na zvetAmbara mAnA hai, na yApanIya, apitu svakalpita uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha kA AcArya batalAyA hai| kintu dvitIya adhyAya ke tRtIya prakaraNa meM siddha kiyA gayA hai ki isa saMgha yA paramparA kA astitva hI nahIM thaa| isalie sanmatisUtrakAra eka astitvahIna paramparA ke AcArya nahIM ho skte| adhyAya 19-raviSaNakRta padmapurANa AcArya raviSeNakRta padmapurANa (padmacarita) ko mUlataH zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ne aura unase preraNA pAkara DaoN. sAgaramala jI ne yApanIyasampradAya kA grantha ghoSita kiyA hai| zrImatI paToriyA dvArA prastuta hetu evaM unakA nirasana nIce draSTavya haiM 1. hetu-raviSeNa ne apanI guruparamparA meM 'indra' kA ullekha kiyA hai| yApanIyaAcArya pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana ne bhI apane zAkaTAyanasUtra-pATha meM 'indra' ke mata kI carcA kI hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki indra yApanIya haiM, ataH unake praziSya raviSeNa bhI yApanIya haiN| nirasana-padmapurANa meM yApanIyamata-virodhI siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana se siddha hai ki vaha yApanIyagrantha nahIM hai| ataH usake kartA raviSeNa bhI yApanIya nahIM haiN| isalie unake indra, divAkarayati Adi guruoM kA bhI yApanIya honA asaMbhava hai| 2. hetu-raviSeNa ne rAmakathA kI paramparAgatatA para prakAza DAlate hue sudharmA ke bAda zvetAmbaraparamparA ke prabhavasvAmI ko usakA prApta honA batalAyA hai| yaha unake yApanIya hone kA lakSaNa hai| nirasana-raviSeNa ne padmapurANa kI racanA zvetAmbara vimalasUri ke 'paumacariya' ke AdhAra para kI hai| unhoMne 'paumacariya' kA digambarIkaraNa kiyA hai, kintu ve For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau unasaTha] Arambha meM prabhavasvAmI ke sthAna meM jambUsvAmI kA nAma rakhanA bhUla gye| yaha bhUla unhoMne padmapurANa (bhAga 3) ke anta meM sudhAra lI hai| ataH unake yApanIya hone kI saMbhAvanA nirasta ho jAtI hai| 3. hetu-raviSeNa ne digambaraparamparA meM pracalita guNabhadravAlI kathA na apanAkara zvetAmbara vimalasUri-praNIta kathA apanAyI hai| isase unake yApanIya hone kI puSTi hotI hai| nirasana-raviSeNa ne padmapurANa meM yApanIyamata-virodhI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, yaha isa bAta kA akhaNDya pramANaH hai ki ve yApanIyaparamparA ke nahIM, balki digambaraparamparA ke haiN| unhoMne zvetAmbara vimalasUri-praNIta kathA kA digambarIkaraNa kiyA hai, yaha unake digambara hone kA spaSTa pramANa hai| 4. hetu-raviSeNa kI kathA ko yApanIya svayambhU dvArA apanAyA jAnA bhI raviSeNa ko yApanIya mAnane kA eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa hai| nirasana-'paumacariu' ke kartA svayambhU yApanIya nahIM, digambara the, isake pramANa dvAviMza adhyAya meM avalokanIya haiN| 5. hetu-raviSeNa ke padmapurANa meM kaI ullekha digambara-paramparA ke viparIta haiM, jaise gandharvadevoM ko madyapI tathA yakSa-rAkSasAdi ko kavalAhArI maannaa| isase bhI unake yApanIya hone kA vizvAsa hotA hai| nirasana-ye mAnyatAe~ yApanIyamata kI haiM, yaha to tabhI kahA jA sakatA hai, jaba kisI yApanIyagrantha meM upalabdha hoN| yApanIyaparamparA ke tIna hI grantha upalabdha haiM-'strInirvANaprakaraNa', 'kevalibhuktiprakaraNa' evaM 'shaakttaayn-vyaakrnn|' inameM uparyukta mAnyatAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiN| aura padmapurANa yApanIyagrantha nahIM hai, yaha usameM pratipAdita yApanIyamata-viruddha siddhAntoM se siddha hai| ataH uparyukta mAnyatAe~ digambaramata ke viruddha avazya haiM, para ve yApanIyamata kI haiM, yaha siddha nahIM hotaa| ataH yahI nirNIta hotA hai ki hariSeNa ne digambara hote hue bhI loka-mAnyatAoM aura itara sampradAyoM kI mAnyatAoM se prabhAvita hokara unakA samAveza padmapurANa meM kara diyA hai| ___ isa taraha padmapurANa ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane ke lie prastuta kiye gaye uparyukta pA~coM hetu mithyA haiN| isake viparIta nimnalikhita hetu siddha karate haiM ki hariSeNakRta padmapurANa digambaragrantha hai 1. padmapurANa meM ekamAtra digambaraliMga ko hI muniliMga batalAyA gayA hai, vastrapAtrAdidhArI sAdhuoM ko kuliMgI kahakara yApanIyamAnya savastra apavAdaliMga asvIkAra kiyA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau sATha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 2. vastramAtra-parigrahadhArI gRhatyAgI puruSa ko 'kSullaka' saMjJA dI gayI hai aura isa taraha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki aisA puruSa 'muni' saMjJA kA pAtra nahIM hai| 3. yApanIyoM ko mAnya gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti aura strImukti kA spaSTa zabdoM meM niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 4. solaha kalpa svIkAra kiye gaye hai, cAra anuyogoM ke nAma digambaramatanusAra varNita haiM, AhAradAna kI vidhi digambara-paramparAnusAra batalAyI gayI haiM, dAtA ke yahA~ paMcAzcarya kiye jAne kA kathana hai, jo digambaraparamparA kA anusaraNa hai| ye samasta tathya yApanIyamata ke viruddha haiN| ye isa bAta ke akATya pramANa haiM ki raviSeNakRta padmapurANa digambaragrantha hai, yApanIyagrantha nhiiN| adhyAya 20-varAGgacarita DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne jaTAsiMhanandi-kRta 'varAGgacarita' ko bhI yApanIyasampradAya ke khAte meM DAla diyA hai aura nimnalikhita hetuoM se isakI puSTi karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, jo sabhI nirasta ho jAte haiM . 1. hetu-varAMgacarita (23 / 29) meM vastrAnnadAnaM zravaNAryikAbhyaH ina zabdoM se kahA gayA hai ki rAjA varAMga ne zrAvakoM (zravaNoM) aura AryikAoM ko vastra aura AhAra kA dAna kiyaa| yahA~ prUpha kI azuddhi se 'zramaNa' zabda ke sthAna meM 'zravaNa' chapa gayA hai, aisI kalpanA kara DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne kahA hai ki isa zloka meM zramaNoM ko vastradAna kA kathana hai, jisase siddha hai ki yaha grantha sAdhuoM ke savastra apavAdaliMga ko mAnyatA detA hai, ataH yApanIya-sampradAya kA hai| nirasana-zravaNAryikAbhyaH meM prUpha kI azuddhi nahIM hai, apitu 'zravaNa' zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai, jisakA artha hai shraavk| ukta zloka meM jinAlaya ke nirmANa Adi meM sahayoga karanevAle zrAvakoM ko vastrAnnadAna kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, zramaNoM ko nhiiN| ataH ise yApanIyagrantha siddha karane ke lie prastuta kiyA gayA hetu mithyA hai| 2. hetu-varAMgacarita (29/93-94) meM rAjA varAMga kI varaMgiyoM (varAGgya: sundara rAniyoM) kI AryikAdIkSA kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki varAMgiyoM ne sundara AbhUSaNa tyAga diye aura zveta-zubha vastra dhAraNakara jinendramArga meM abhirata ho gyiiN| yahA~ rAniyoM ke vAcaka varAGgyaH pada ko rAjA varAMga kA vAcaka mAnakara DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne tarka diyA hai ki 'varAMgacarita' meM rAjA varAMga munidIkSA gahaNa karate samaya zveta vastra dhAraNa karate haiN| yApanIyaparamparA meM munidIkSA grahaNa karanevAle rAjA Adi ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau ikasaTha] lie savastra apavAdaliMga kA vidhAna hai| ataH siddha hai ki varAMgacarita yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hai| nirasana-varAMgiyoM ke kathana ko rAjA varAMga kA kathana mAna lenA DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ke saMskRtabhASA se anabhijJa hone kA pariNAma hai| ataH varAMgacarita ko yApanIyagrantha mAnane kA yaha hetu mithyA hai| 3. hetu-harivaMzapurANa ke kartA jinasena yApanIya-AcArya the| unhoMne jaTAsiMhanandI kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai, ataH ve bhI yApanIya rahe hoNge| nirasana-harivaMzapurANa ke kartA AcArya jinasena yApanIya nahIM, apitu digambara the, yaha ekaviMza (21) adhyAya meM siddha kiyA gayA hai| ataH jaTAsiMhanandI ko yApanIya siddha karane ke lie prastuta yaha hetu asatya hai| 4. hetu-kannar3a kavi janna ne jaTAsiMhanandI ko kANUgaNa kA batAyA hai| yaha yApanIyaparamparA kA gaNa thaa| ataH jaTAsiMhanandI yApanIya the| nirasana-kANUgaNa yApanIyaparamparA kA nahIM, apitu digambaraparamparA kA gaNa thaa| (dekhiye, adhyAya 7/pr.3/shii.4)| 5. hetu-koppala meM jaTAsiMhanandI ke caraNacihna haiN| saMbhavataH yahA~ unakA samAdhimaraNa huA hogaa| koppala yApanIyoM kA mukhyapITha thaa| ataH jaTAsiMhanandI ke yApanIya hone kI prabala saMbhAvanA hai| nirasana-isa (20 veM) adhyAya ke prathama prakaraNa meM siddha kiyA gayA hai ki varAMgacarita meM yApanIyamata-viruddha siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai| isase siddha hai ki jaTAsiMhanandI digambara the| ataH uparyukta hetu hetvAbhAsa hai| 6. hetu-yApanIyaparamparA meM muni ke lie 'yati' zabda kA prayoga adhika pracalita rahA hai| varAMgacarita meM bhI 'yati' zabda kA vyavahAra pracuratA se huA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha yApanIyasampradAya kA grantha hai| nirasana-'yati' zabda kA prayoga digambarapamparA meM bhI muniyoM ke lie bahuzaH huA hai| ataH uparyukta hetu hetvAbhAsa hai 7. hetu-jaTAsiMhanandI ne varAMgacarita meM prakIrNaka Adi zvetAmbaragranthoM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| yaha unake yApanIyasampadrAya se sambaddha hone kA sUcaka hai| nirasana-zvetAmbaragranthoM kA nahIM, apitu digambaragranthoM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 20 / pra.2 / zI. 6) / ataH ukta hetu asatya hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau bAsaTha ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 8. hetu - varAMgacarita meM zvetAmbarAcArya vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha varAMgacarita ke yApanIyagrantha hone kA pramANa hai / nirasana - varAMgacarita meM IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI meM hue zvetAmbarAcArya vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA nahIM, apitu IsApUrvottara prathama zatI meM hue AcArya kundakunda kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai / (dekhiye, adhyAya 20 / pra.2 / zI. 7) / 9. hetu - kalpoM kI saMkhyA bAraha mAnI gayI hai, jo zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI mAnyatA hai / nirasana -- digambaraparamparA meM bhI kalpoM kI saMkhyA bAraha aura solaha donoM mAnI gayI hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 17 / pra. 1 / zI. 8) / ataH uparyukta hetu sAdhAraNAnaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hai| 10. hetu - varAMgacarita meM janmanA varNavyavasthA kA niSedhakara karmaNA varNavyavasthA mAnI gayI hai, jaba ki digambaraparamparA meM janmanA varNavyavasthA mAnya hai / isase jaTAsiMhanandI yApanIya siddha hote haiM / nirasana - digambaraparamparA meM bhI karmaNA varNavyavasthA mAnI gayI hai, janmanA nahIM / ataH jaTAsiMhanandI ko yApanIya siddha karane ke lie prastuta kiyA gayA uparyukta hetu asatya hai / (dekhiye, adhyAya 20 / pra.2 / zI. 9) / ina samasta hetuoM ke nirasana ke bAda ve pramANa upasthita kiye jA rahe haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki varAMgacarita digambaraparamparA kA hI grantha haiM 1. varAMgacarita meM kevalibhukti, vaikalpika savastramukti, strImukti evaM anyaliMgimukti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jo yApanIyamata ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta haiM / 2. varAMgacarita meM mahAvIra ke vivAha kI mAnyatA bhI asvIkAra kI gaI hai, jaba ki yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbara - AgamoM meM mahAvIra ke vivAha hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai| 3. varAMgacarita meM jo pA~ca mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAe~ varNita haiM, ve digambara - AgamoM kA anusaraNa karatI haiM aura yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbara - tattvArthAdhigamabhASya meM varNita bhAvanAoM se bhinna haiM / 4. varAMgacarita meM muni ke lie bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai| yaha siddhAnta yApanIyoM dvArA mAnya vaikalpika savastramukti ke viruddha hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau tirasaTha] 5. varAMgacarita meM svataMtra kAla dravya kI sattA svIkAra kI gaI hai, jaba ki yApanIya-mAnya zvetAmbara-Agama use amAnya karate haiN| 6. varAMgacarita meM caudaha guNasthAnoM kA kathana hai| yaha siddhAnta yApanIyoM kI gRhasthamukti evaM anyaliMgimukti kI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha hai| 7. varAMgacarita meM digambaramata ke anurUpa prathamAnuyoga zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbarasAhitya meM usake sthAna para dharmakathAnuyoga zabda prayukta huA hai| 8. varAMgacarita meM vedatraya kI svIkRti hai, jaba ki yApanIyamata kevala eka hI vedasAmAnya mAnatA hai| adhyAya 21-harivaMzapurANa zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne punnATasaMghIya AcArya jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa para bhI yApanIyasampradAya kI mudrA aMkita kara dI hai aura nimnalikhita hetuoM se isakI puSTi kA pratyatna kiyA hai, jo saba nirasta ho jAte haiM 1. hetu-bRhatkathAkozakAra hariSeNa punnATasaMghI the| unhoMne kathAkoza meM strImukti aura gRhasthamukti kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai, ataH unheM yApanIya honA caahie| harivaMzapurANa ke kartA jinasena bhI punnATasaMghI the, ataH inheM bhI yApanIya hI honA caahie| nirasana-jinasena aura hariSeNa donoM ne kramazaH apane harivaMzapurANa evaM bRhatkathAkoza meM strImukti, savastramukti, gRhasthamukti Adi yApanIyasiddhAntoM kA niSedha kiyA hai, ataH donoM yApanIya nahIM the, apitu digambara the| ataH unakA punnATasaMgha bhI digambaroM kA hI saMgha thA, yApanIyoM kA nhiiN| (dekhiye, adhyAya 21 / pra. 1 tathA adhyAya 23 / shii.1-3)| 2. hetu-harivaMzapurANa ke kathanAnusAra rAjA siddhArtha ke bhaginIpati rAjA jitazatru kumAra mahAvIra ke sAtha apanI kanyA yazodA kA vivAha karanA cAhate the| isase bhI harivaMzapurANakAra kA yApanIya honA siddha hotA hai| nirasana-harivaMzapurANakAra ne rAjA jitazatru ke mana kI icchA sUcita kara apanI ora se kahA hai-"parantu kumAra mahAvIra tapa ke lie cale gaye aura kevalajJAna prApta kara jagat ke kalyANa ke lie pRthvI para vihAra karane lge|" (harivaMzapurANa 66/8 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau cauMsaTha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 9) / isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki harivaMzapurANa ke kartA jinasena bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vivAha kI mAnyatA ke virodhI haiM, ataH ve yApanIya nahIM hai| 3. hetu-harivaMzapurANa meM sagranthamukti aura anyaliMgimukti ke bhI nirdeza prApta hote haiN| nirasana-yaha kathana sarvathA mithyA hai| pramANa ke lie prastuta grantha ke 21veM adhyAya meM prathama prakaraNa ke zIrSaka 1 se 4 darzanIya haiN| 4. hetu-harivaMzapurANakAra ne grantha ke AraMbha meM samantabhadra, devanandI Adi digambarAcAryoM ke sAtha siddhasena Adi zvetAmbara tathA indra (nandI), vajrasUri, raviSeNa, varAGga Adi yApanIya AcAryoM kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki harivaMzapurANa ke kartA jinasena udAra yApanIyaparamparA se sambaddha rahe hoNge| nirasana-inameM se na to siddhasena zvetAmbara the, na hI varAGgacarita ke kartA jaTAsiMhanandI tathA indra, vajrasUri, raviSeNa Adi yApanIya the| ye sabhI digambara the| yaha prastuta grantha ke adhyAya kra. 18, 19 evaM 20 meM siddha kiyA gayA hai| ataH harivaMzapurANakAra ko yApanIya siddha karane ke lie prayukta kiyA uparyukta hetu asatya 5. hetu-harivaMzapurANa meM AryikAoM kA spaSTarUpa se ullekha milatA hai| AryikAsaMgha kI vyavasthA bhI yApanIya hai| nirasana-digambaraparamparA meM bhI AryikAsaMgha kI vyavasthA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 21/pra.2/ kr.5)| 6. hetu-harivaMzapurANa meM zvetAmbaraparamparA meM upalabdha aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya zruta ke bhedoM kA ullekha hai| zvetAmbaroM ke atirikta yApanIya hI ina granthoM ko pramANa mAnate the| ataH harivaMzapurANakAra yApanIya siddha hote haiN| nirasana-zruta ke ye bheda digambaraparamparA meM bhI pramANa mAne gaye haiN| harivaMzapurANa meM inake nAmoM kA ullekha zvetAmbarasAhitya ke anusAra na hokara digambaraparamparA ke tattvArtharAjavArtika, dhavalATIkA Adi ke anusAra haA hai| isase siddha hai ki harivaMzapurANa digambara-paramparA kA hI grantha hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 21/pra.1/zI.8/ kr.4)| 7. hetu-harivaMzapurANa ke 60veM sarga meM kRSNa kI AThoM paTarAniyoM-sahita aneka striyoM ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai, jo usake yApanIyagrantha hone kI saMbhAvanA ko puSTa karatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau paiMsaTha] nirasana-dagambarasampradAya meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samaya se hI AryikAdIkSA kI paramparA calI A rahI hai| harivaMzapurANa meM kRSNa kI AThoM paTarAniyoM kI AryikAdIkSA kA varNana hai, kintu unameM se kisI kI bhI strIparyAya se mukti nahIM batalAyI gayI hai| sabake viSaya meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki ve agale bhava meM deva hoMgI, tatpazcAt manuSyabhava meM puruSa hokara mokSa prApta kreNgii| (hrivNshpuraann/60/53-54)| yaha kathana harivaMzapurANa ko digambaragrantha siddha karatA hai| 8. hetu-harivaMzapurANa ke ullekhAnusAra nandiSeNa muni rugNamuni kA veza dhAraNa karake Aye hue deva ko usakA manovAMchita bhoz2ana lAkara dete haiN| yaha AcaraNa digambaramuni ke anukUla na hokara zvetAmbaramuni ke anukUla hai| ataH zvetAmbaraparamparA ko mAnanA harivaMzapurANa ke yApanIya hone kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai| nirasana-harivaMzapurANa meM strImuktiniSedha, savastramuktiniSedha jaise yApanIyamatavirodhI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai| isase siddha hai ki vaha yApanIyagrantha nahIM, apitu digambaragrantha hai| ataH paristhiti-vizeSa meM kisI muni ke dvArA rugNa muni ke lie AhAra lAkara diyA jAnA yA dilAyA jAnA digambaramata ke pratikUla nahIM hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 21 / pra.2 / shii.8)| 9. hetu-harivaMzapurANa meM nArada ko do sthAnoM para caramazarIrI kahA gayA hai| nArada ko caramazarIrI athavA svargagAmI mAnanA zvetAmbara-Agamika-paramparA hai| cUMki yApanIya zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko svIkAra karate the, ataH harivaMzapurANa yApanIyagrantha siddha hotA hai| nirasana-yadyapi nArada ke caramazarIrI hone kA kathana digambaraparamparA ke viruddha hai, tathApi harivaMzapurANa meM strImukti, savastramukti, kevalibhukti Adi sabhI yApanIyasiddhAntoM kA niSedha hai, jisase yaha sunizcita hai ki vaha digambaragrantha hai, yApanIyagrantha nhiiN| 10. hetu-harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra naraka meM vidyamAna zrIkRSNa kA jIva samyagdRSTi hote hue bhI samyagdRSTi baladeva ke jIva se bharatakSetra meM kRSNa aura baladeva kI pUjA kA pracAra karane ke lie kahatA hai| baladeva kA jIva vaisA hI karatA hai| yaha samyagdarzana ke pratikUla hone se harivaMzapurANa ke yApanIyagrantha hone kI puSTi karatA hai| nirasana-yadyapi zrIkRSNa ke mukha se ukta kathana karAyA jAnA digambaraparamparA ke anukUla nahIM hai, tathApi harivaMzapurANa meM pratipAdita sabhI siddhAnta yApanIyamatavirodhI haiM, jaise strImukti, savastramukti, kevalibhukti Adi kA nissedh| isalie isa tathya meM sandeha ke lie raMcamAtra bhI avakAza nahIM hai ki vaha digambaragrantha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau chiyAsaTha ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 isa prakAra harivaMzapurANa ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane ke lie rakhe gaye sabhI hetu nirasta ho jAte haiN| aba ve pramANa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki harivaMzapurANa sarvathA digambaragrantha hai 1. harivaMzapurANa meM yApanIyoM ko mAnya strImukti, ApavAdika savastramukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti aura kevalibhukti kA niSedha karanevAle pracura ullekha milate haiN| 2. bhAvavedatraya aura vedavaiSamya ko svIkAra karate hue bhAvaveda kI apekSA tInoM vedoM se, kintu dravyaveda kI apekSA kevala puMlliGga se hI mukti kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha yApanIyamata ke viruddha hai| 3. Amyantara aura bAhya donoM prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga anivArya batalAyA gayA hai, kalpoM kI saMkhyA solaha tathA anudiza nAmaka nau svarga bhI svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| tIrthaMkaraprakRtibandha kI hetubhUta solaha bhAvanAe~ hI varNita haiM, bIsa nhiiN| isI prakAra ke aura bhI aneka yApanIyamata- viruddha siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa harivaMzapurANa meM upalabdha hotA hai| 4. harivaMzapurANakAra jinasena ne apane ko digambaraguruparamparA se sambaddha batalAyA hai| 5. digambara-granthakAroM kA hI guNakIrtana kiyA hai / 6. harivaMzapurANa kI viSayavastu digambarAcArya - racita granthoM se anukRta kI gayI hai| adhyAya 22 - svayambhUkRta paumacariu paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne likhA hai ki puSpadanta ne mahApurANa ke svayaMbhU zabda ke TippaNa meM svayaMbhU ko ApulIsaMghIya batalAyA hai, isalie ve yApanIyasampradAya ke anuyAyI jAna par3ate haiM / zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA kA kathana hai- " zrI eca0 sI0 bhAyANI bhI likhate haiM ki yadyapi isa sandarbha meM hameM svayaMbhU kI ora se koI pratyakSa yA parokSa vaktavya nahIM milatA hai, parantu yApanIya sagrantha-avasthA tathA parazAsana se bhI mukti svIkAra karate the aura svayaMbhU adhika udAracetA the, ataH inheM yApanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai|" zrImatI paToriyA ne 'paumacariu' ko yApanIyakRti siddha karane lie usameM yApanIyamata ke kisI bhI maulika siddhAnta kA ullekha honA nahIM batalAyA, kevala For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau sar3asaTha] aisI bAtoM kA ullekha honA batalAyA hai, jo digambaramata ke viruddha haiM, aura unheM hI yApanIya-siddhAnta mAna liyA hai, jaba ki unake yApanIyasiddhAnta hone kA koI pramANa nahIM hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne zrImatI paToriyA dvArA prastuta hetuoM ke AdhAra para hI 'paumacariu' ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, eka-do hetu apanI tarapha se bhI jor3e haiN| zrImatI paToriyA dvArA batalAye gaye pramukha hetu aura unakA nirasana nIce prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai 1. hetu-paumacariu meM rAma ke lie prayukta padma nAma digambaraparamparAnusArI nahIM hai| ataH unake lie 'padma' nAma kA prayoga karanevAle raviSeNa aura svayaMmbhU yApanIyaparamparA ke siddha hote haiN| nirasana-digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM padma aura rAma bhinna-bhinna baladevoM ke nAma haiN| svayaM zvetAmbarAcArya vimalasUri ne padma aura rAma ko eka-dUsare se bhinna batalAyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne rAma ke lie 'padma' nAma kA prayoga kiyA hai aura digambarAcArya raviSeNa tathA svayambhU ne bhI aisA hI kiyA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda se pahale jainaparamparA meM 'padma' nAma bhI rAma ke lie prasiddha thaa| yataH yaha nAma rAma ke lie digambara-zvetAmbara, donoM paramparAoM meM prayukta huA hai, ataH yaha yApanIyagrantha kA asAdhAraNadharma nahIM hai| phalasvarUpa yaha 'paumacariu' ke yApanIya-grantha hone kA hetu nahIM hai| 2. hetu-devakI ke tIna yugaloM ke rUpa meM chaha putra kRSNa ke janma se pUrva hue the, jinheM hariNegamesi deva ne sulasA gAthApatnI ke pAsa sthAnAntarita kara diyA thaa| svayaMbhU ke riTTanemicariu kA yaha kathAnaka zvetAmbara-Agama antakRtadazA meM yathAvat upalabdha hotA hai| svayambhU dvArA zvetAmbara-Agama kA yaha anusaraNa unheM yApanIya siddha karatA hai| (jai. dha. yA. sa. / pR. 182) / nirasana-jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa, hariSeNakRta bRhatkathAkoza tathA guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa, ye tInoM digambaragrantha haiN| inameM bhI naigamadeva kA devakI-putroM ke rakSakarUpa meM ullekha hai| ataH isakA ullekha honA zvetAmbaragrantha kA AsAdhAraNadharma nahIM hai| isalie svayambhU-kRta 'riTThaNemicariu' meM isakA ullekha honA usake yApanIyagrantha hone kA hetu nahIM hai| 3. hetu-svayambhU ne 'paumacariu' ke kathAsrota kA ullekha karate hue kramazaH mahAvIra, gautama, sudharma, prabhava, kIrti aura raviSeNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ zvetAmbarAcArya prabhava ko sthAna denA isa mata kI puSTi karatA hai ki svayaMbhU yApanIya the| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau ar3asaTha] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nirasana-digambarAcArya raviSeNa ne padmapurANa kI racanA zvetAmbarAcArya vimalasUri ke paumacariya ke AdhAra para kI hai, ataH unhoMne bhUla se AcArya prabhava kA bhI ullekha kara diyA hai| aura svayambhU ko rAmakathA kI prApti raviSeNa se huI hai, ataH unhoMne bhI raviSeNa kA anukaraNa kara AcArya prabhava kA nAma rakha diyA hai| kintu isase ve yApanIya siddha nahIM hote, kyoMki unhoMne 'paumacariu' meM strImukti-niSedha, savastramukti-niSedha Adi yApanIyamata-virodhI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 22 / pra. 1) / 4. hetu-svayambhU ne bhagavAn ke calane para pairoM ke nIce devanirmita kamaloM ke rakhe jAne ko eka atizaya batAyA hai-'paNNArahakamalAyatta-pAu' (1,7/4) yaha bhI zvetAmbaramAnyatA hai, jo paumacariu ke yApanIya hone kI sUcaka hai| nirasana-bhagavAn kA devanirmita kamaloM ke Upara calanA digambaroM meM bhI mAnya hai| svAmI samantabhadrakRta AptamImAMsA ke 'devAgamanabhoyAna' isa prathama zloka kI TIkA meM AcArya vasunandI likhate haiM-"nabhasi gagane hemamayAmbhojopari yAnaM nbhoyaanm|" ataH 'paumacariu' meM isakA ullekha usake yApanIyagrantha hone kA sUcaka nahIM hai| 5. hetu-tIrthaMkara kA mAgadhI bhASA meM upadeza denA zvetAmbara-mAnyatA hai| digambaraparamparA ke anusAra samavazaraNa meM tIrthaMkara kI divyadhvani khiratI hai, jo sarvabhASArUpa hotI hai| paumacariu meM tIrthaMkara ke mAgadhI bhASA meM upadeza dene kI zvetAmbaramAnyatA kA ullekha usake yApanIyagrantha hone kA lakSaNa hai| nirasana-digambaraparamparA meM bhI tIrthaMkara ke dvArA mAgadhI bhASA meM upadeza diye jAne kA kathana upalabdha hotA hai| (dekhiye, zrutasAgaraTIkA / daMsaNapAhuDa / gaa.35)| ataH 'paumacariu' meM isakA ullekha zvetAmbaramAnyatA kA ullekha siddha nahIM hotaa| 6. hetu-'paumacariu' meM yakSarAkSasAdi kA rAtribhojana, 16veM svarga meM sthita sItA kA tIsarI pRthvI (naraka) taka gamana, bhagavAn ajitanAtha ko mlAna kamala ke darzana se vairAgya honA, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA caraNAgra se meru kA kampita kiyA jAnA, ityAdi bAtoM kA ullekha digambaramAnyatA ke viruddha hai| ataH vaha yApanIyagrantha hai| nirasana-ye mAnyatAe~ digambaramata ke viruddha avazya haiM, kintu ye yApanIyamAnyatAe~ haiM, isakA koI pramANa nahIM hai| ataH inake ullekha se paumacariu yApanIyagrantha siddha nahIM hotaa| isake atirikta paumacariu meM savastramukti, strImukti Adi yApanIyamAnyatAoM kA niSedha hai, jisase usake yApanIyagrantha na hokara digambaragrantha hone meM sandeha ke lie sthAna nahIM rhtaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau unahattara] DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne pro0 eca0 sI0 bhAyANI ke isa vacana ke AdhAra para ki 'svayaMbhU adhika udAracetA the' eka pramukha hetu yaha jor3A hai ki svayambhU ke granthoM meM anyatairthikamukti kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha hetu sarvathA asatya hai| ataH yaha bhI 'paumacariu' ke digambaragrantha hone kA apalApa nahIM kara sktaa| isa prakAra zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne svayambhUkRta paumacariu ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane ke lie jitane hetu upasthita kiye haiM, ve saba nirasta ho jAte haiN| aba ve pramANa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM jinase yaha nirNaya hotA hai ki svayambhUkRta paumacariu digambaraparamparA kA hI grantha hai 1. 'paumacariu' ke kathAvatAra kI paddhati digambarIya hai, zvetAmbarIya nhiiN| yaha usake digambaragrantha hone kA pramANa hai| 2. 'paumacariu' meM tIrthaMkaramAtA marudevI ke dvArA solaha svapna dekhe jAne kA varNana hai| zvetAmbaraparamparA meM kevala caudaha svapnoM kI mAnyatA hai| yaha 'paumacariu' ke digambaragrantha hone kA dUsarA pramANa hai| yApanIyaparamparA meM solaha svapna mAnya haiM, isakA koI pramANa nahIM hai| yApanIya zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko hI mAnate the, ataH unheM bhI caudaha svapna hI mAnya ho sakate haiN| 3. jisa kaikayI ko vimalasUri ne 'paumacariyaM' meM mokSa kI prApti batAI hai, use svayambhU ne mokSa kI prApti na batAkara mAtra devatva kA prApta honA batalAyA hai| kevalI bhagavAn rAma sItA ke jIva acyutendra ko batalAte haiM ki use manuSyabhava meM puruSaparyAya se hI mokSa kI prApti hogii| paumacariu meM ye strImuktiniSedha ke pramANa haiN| isakA eka mahattvapUrNa pramANa yaha bhI hai ki sItA kI agniparIkSA ke bAda jaba rAma unase ghara calane kA Agraha karate haiM, taba ve vinamratApUrvaka asvIkAra kara detI haiM aura kahatI haiM ki aba maiM aisA kAma karanA cAhatI hU~, jisase mujhe dubArA strI na bananA par3e, maiM janma, jarA aura maraNa kA anta kruuNgii| strImuktiniSedha ke ye ullekha svayambhU ke digambara hone ke akATya pramANa haiN| 4. 'paumacariu' meM parazAsana se mukti kA pratipAdana nahIM, balki niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki jaba jinavacanoM se vimukha rAjA svayaMbhU jinadharmAnuyAyI zrIbhUti se usakI vedavatI nAmaka kanyA ko mA~gatA hai, taba zrIbhUti kahatA hai maiM apanI sone jaisI beTI mithyAdRSTi ko kaise de dUM? isase spaSTa hai ki paumacariu ke kartA svayaMbhU jinazAsana na mAnanevAle ko mithyAdRSTi mAnate haiM aura mithyAdRSTi mokSa kA adhikArI nahIM hai, isase siddha hai ki ve parazAsana se mukti ke samarthaka nahIM haiN| yaha unake digambara hone kA eka aura pramANa hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau sattara] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 5. svayaMbhU sagrantha avasthA se bhI mukti ke samarthaka nahIM haiN| 'paumacariu' meM sagranthamukti ke ullekha kA eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM hai| puruSoM ke dvArA sarvatra nirgranthadIkSA liye jAne kA hI varNana hai aura nirgrantha kA artha vastrarahita hI batalAyA gayA hai| 6. 'paumacariu' meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne caudaha guNasthAnoM para ArUr3ha hote hue mokSa prApta kiyA thA tathA apanI divyadhvani se bhI guNasthAnoM kA upadeza diyA thaa| yaha kathana zvetAmbara aura yApanIya matoM ke viruddha hai, kyoMki unameM guNasthAnasiddhAnta mAnya nahIM hai| ina pramANoM se do TUka nirNaya ho jAtA hai ki svayambhUkRta paumacariu digambaraparamparA kA hI grantha hai| adhyAya 23-bRhatkathAkoza yaha digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai, kyoMki isameM strImukti, savastramukti, gRhasthamukti aura anyaliMgimukti kA, jo yApanIyamata ke siddhAnta haiM, spaSTataH niSedha kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 23) / phira bhI zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA aura DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne isa grantha ko yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha mAnA hai, kyoMki unake anusAra isameM strImukti aura gRhasthamukti kA pratipAdana hai| isake samarthana meM unake dvArA upasthita kiye gaye hetuoM kA nirasana Age kiyA jA rahA hai 1. hetu-bRhatkathAkozagata 'azokarohiNI-kathAnaka' (kra.57) ke nimnalikhita zloka meM strImukti kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai evaM karoti yo bhaktyA naro rAmA mhiitle| labhate kevalajJAnaM mokSaM ca kramataH svym|| 235 // anuvAda-"isa vidhi se jo puruSa yA strI bhaktipUrvaka rohiNIvrata (rohiNI nakSatra meM upavAsa) kA anuSThAna karatI hai, use krama se kevalajJAna aura mokSa prApta hotA hai|" nirasana-yahA~ kramataH (krama se arthAt paramparayA) zabda kA prayoga mahattvapUrNa hai| isa zabda kA prayoga kara strI kI tadbhavamukti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai aura rohiNIvrata ke anuSThAna dvArA arjita puNya se svarga meM devapada kI prApti tathA vahA~ se cyuta hokara manuSyabhava meM puruSapada prApta kara saMyama kI sAdhanA dvArA mokSa prApti kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isI vacana ke anusAra 'azoka rohiNI-kathAnaka' kI nAyikA pUtigandhA ko pahale rohiNIvrata evaM zrAvikAvrata ke phalasvarUpa acyutasvarga ke deva kI mahAdevI aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau ikahattara] usake bAda rAjA azoka kI rohiNI nAmaka mahArAnI hote hue batalAyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt AryikAdIkSA lekara duSkara tapa evaM sallekhanAvidhi se dehatyAga karane para vaha devagati evaM puruSaveda kA bandha kara acyutasvarga meM divyabundIdhara deva hotI hai| isa taraha vaha samyagdRSTi deva kI usa bhUmikA meM A jAtI hai, jahA~ se cyuta hokara usakA manuSyagati meM puruSa honA anivArya hai| isase usake lie daigambarI dIkSA lekara mukti prApta karane kA dvAra khula jAtA hai| (dekhiye, azoka-rohiNI-kathAnaka / zloka 459-460, 465-466, 582-584) / isI krama se rukmiNI ke bhI mokSa pAne kA varNana bRhatkathAkoza ke 'lakSmImatIkathAnaka' (kra. 108/zloka 124-126) meM kiyA gayA hai| sampUrNa bRhatkathAkoza meM strIparyAya se puruSaparyAya prApta karake hI mokSa hone kA kathana hai, kisI bhI strI kI tadbhavamukti kA kathana nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki uparyukta yApanIyapakSadhara viduSI evaM vidvAn ne kramataH zabda kI anadekhI kara aura pUtigandhA (rohiNI) tathA rukmiNI ke strIparyAya ko chor3akara puruSaparyAya pAne ke kathanoM ko tAka para rakhakara hallA macAyA hai ki bRhatkathAkoza meM strImukti kA pratipAdana hai, isalie vaha yApanIyagrantha hai| uparyukta pramANoM se siddha hai ki vaha yApanIyagrantha nahIM, apitu digambaragrantha hai| 2. hetu-bRhatkathAkoza meM rukmiNI ko tIrthaMkaragotra kA bandha honA batalAyA gayA hai-'baddhvA tIrthaGkaraM gotraM' (lakSmImatIkathAnaka / kra.108 / zloka 125) / yaha digambaramata ke pratikUla aura zvetAmbara tathA yApanIya matoM ke anukUla hai| isase siddha hai ki bRhatkathAkoza yApanIyagrantha hai| nirasana-yaha satya hai ki strI ko tIrthaMkaranAmakarma ke bandha kA ullekha digambaramata ke pratikUla hai, tathApi rukmiNI kI mukti strIparyAya se na batalAkara puruSaparyAya se batalAyI gayI hai aura bhaviSya meM usake tIrthaMkara hone kA bhI kathana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yaha tathya isa niSkarSa para pahu~cAtA hai ki rukmiNI ke tIrthaMkaraprakRtibandha kA kathana yA to prakSipta hai athavA siddhAntagranthoM ke gahana anuzIlana ke abhAva meM hariSeNa ne anabhijJatAvaza vaisA likha diyA hai| kintu unake dvArA strIparyAya se mukti kA niSedha isa bAta kA akATya pramANa hai ki bRhatkathAkoza yApanIyaparamparA kA nahIM, apitu digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai| 3. hetu-azoka-rohiNI-kathAnaka (kra.57 / zloka 582) meM rohiNI mahArAnI ke dvArA sarvaparigrahatyAga kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| yaha digambaramata ke anukUla nahIM hai, apitu zvetAmbara aura yApanIya matoM ke anukUla hai| ataH bRhatkathAkoza yApanIyagrantha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau bahattara ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nirasana - digambaragrantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 'itthIvi ya jaM liMgaM diTThe' ityAdi gAthA (80) aura usakI vijayodayATIkA meM AryikAoM ke ekasAr3IrUpa alpaparigrahAtmaka liMga ko sarvaparigrahatyAgarUpa utsargaliMga kahA gayA hai / (dekhiye, adhyAya 13/ pra.3 / zI. 5) / ataH rohiNI mahArAnI ke dvArA sarvaparigrahatyAga kiye jAne kA ullekha digambaramata ke sarvathA anukUla hai| isalie bRhatkathAkoza yApanIyagrantha siddha nahIM hotA / 4. hetu -- azoka - rohiNI - kathAnaka ke nimnalikhita zloka meM gRhasthamukti kA kathana hai, jo yApanIyamata kA siddhAnta hai aNuvratadharaH kazcid guNazikSAvratAnvitaH / siddhibhakto vrajetsiddhiM maunavratasamanvitaH // 567 // anuvAda - "koI siddhibhakta (siddhi cAhanevAlA) aNuvratAdidhArI zrAvaka bhI yadi maunavrata kI sAdhanA karatA hai, to vaha siddhi ko prApta hotA hai / " nirasana - yahA~ 'siddhi' kA artha 'mokSa' nahIM hai, apitu 'icchita laukika padArtha kI prApti' hai / mokSarUpa siddhi kI prApti to jainendrIdIkSA ( daigambarI dIkSA) lene se batalAyI gayI hai - " dIkSAmAdAya jainendrIM siddhiM yAti sa nIrajA : " (azoka- rohiNIkathAnaka / kra.57 / zloka 558 ) / 'yazodhara - candramatI - kathAnaka' (kra. 73 / zloka 237238, 299) meM sudatta muni do rAjakumAroM ko pahale kSullakadIkSA dete haiM, pazcAt daigmbriidiikssaa| isase siddha hai ki hariSeNa kSullakadIkSA se bhI mokSa kI prApti saMbhava nahIM mAnate, taba gRhastha - avasthA se mukti mAnane kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| hariSeNa ne bRhatkathAkoza ke 'bhadrabAhukathAnaka ( kra. 131 / zloka 62 - 68) meM zvetAmbara - sthavirakalpa (sacelaliMga) ko zithilAcArI ardhaphAlaka sAdhuoM ke dvArA kalpita batalAte hue vastradhAraNa ko mukti meM bAdhaka evaM nagnatva ko mukti kA sAdhaka siddha kiyA hai / ina pramANoM se siddha hai ki hariSeNa ko gRhasthamukti kadApi mAnya nahIM hai / ataH uparyukta 'aNuvratadharaH kazcid' ityAdi zloka bRhatkathAkoza ke yApanIyagrantha hone kA hetu nahIM hai| f 5. hetu--bRhatkathAkozagata 'azoka - rohiNI - kathAnaka' (kra.57 ) ke nimna likhita zloka meM samasta saMgha ko vastrAdidAna karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai tataH samastasaGghasya dehibhirbhaktitatparaiH / deyaM vastrAdidAnaM ca karmakSayanimittataH // 554 // samasta saMgha meM muni bhI A jAte haiM, ataH muniyoM ke lie vastradAna kA ullekha hone se bRhatkathAkoza meM savastramukti ko mAnyatA dI gayI hai| ataH yaha yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau tihatara] nirasana-isI 'azoka-rohiNI-kathAnaka' ke eka pUrvavartI zloka meM kahA gayA hai ki rohiNIvrata kI samApti para caturvidhasaMgha ko yathAyogya AhAra, auSadhi aura vastrAdi kA dAna karanA cAhie pazcAdAhAradAnaM ca bheSajaM vsnaadikm| caturvidhasya saGghasya yathAyogyaM vidhiiyte|| 234 // yahA~ yathAyogya zabda ke prayoga se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jo jisa vastu ke dAna ke yogya hai, use usI kA dAna kiyA jAnA caahie| hariSeNa ne svayaM zramaNoM ko nagnarUpI kahA hai-'zramaNA nagnarUpiNaH' (bRhatkathAkoza / viSNukumAra-kathAnaka / kra.11 / zloka 9) / ataH unake anusAra muniyoM ko kevala AhAra, bheSaja, zAstra, vasatikA evaM abhaya kA dAna kiyA jAnA caahie| vastradAna ke pAtra kevala AryikAe~, kSullaka-kSullikAe~ tathA elaka haiN| yaha bAta hariSeNa ne 'azoka-rohiNI-kathAnaka' (kra. 57) ke nimnalikhita zlokoM meM spaSTa kara dI hai paJcamIpustakaM divyaM pnycpustksNyutm| sAdhubhyo dIyate bhaktyA bheSajaM ca ythocitm|| 535 // AhAradAnamAdeyaM bhaktito bhejssjaadikm| vastrANi cAryikAdInAM dAtavyAni mumukssibhiH|| 536 // anuvAda-"mumukSuoM ke dvArA rohiNIvrata kI samApti para sAdhuoM ko pA~ca pustakoMsahita paJcamI pustaka, bheSaja evaM AhAra kA dAna kiyA jAnA cAhie tathA AryikA Adi ko vastra bhI diye jAne caahie|" __isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki uparyukta 'tataH samastasaGghasya' ityAdi zloka (554) meM muniyoM ke lie vastradAna kA kathana nahIM hai| ataH usameM muniyoM ko vastradAna kA kathana mAnakara bRhatkathAkoza ko yApanIyagrantha kahanA usakA samyak adhyayana na karane kA pariNAma hai| bRhatkathAkoza meM savastramuktiniSedha ke pracura ullekha haiN| (dekhiye, adhyAya 23 / zIrSaka 3) / una para bhI dhyAna nahIM diyA gyaa| 6. hetu-bRhatkathAkoza kI kathAe~ yApanIyagrantha bhagavatI-ArAdhanA para AdhArita haiM, ataH bRhatkathAkoza bhI yApanIyagrantha hai| nirasana-bhagavatI-ArAdhanA digambaragrantha hai, yaha trayodaza adhyAya meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| ataH isa AdhAra para bhI bRhatkathAkoza digambaragrantha hI siddha hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau cauhattara] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 7. hetu-hariSeNa punnATasaMghIya the aura punnATasaMgha yApanIyasaMgha ke antargata thaa| ataH bRhatkathAkoza yApanIyagrantha hai| nirasana-punnATasaMgha digambarasaMgha ke antargata thA, isa ke pramANa harivaMzapurANa nAmaka 21veM adhyAya (pra.2/ zI.1) meM prastuta kiye jA cuke haiN| 8. hetu-sampUrNa bRhatkathAkoza meM yApanIyamata ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai, kevala usake 'bhadrabAhukathAnaka' (kra.131) meM kAmbalatIrtha (zvetAmbarasampradAya) se yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti batalAnevAlA 'tataH kAmbalikAttIrthAnnUnaM' ityAdi zloka (81) yApanIyamata-virodhI hai, ataH vaha prakSipta hai| nirasana-bRhatkathAkoza meM kevala uparyukta zloka hI yApanIyamata-virodhI nahIM hai, apitu sampUrNa grantha yApanIyamata-virodhI siddhAntoM se bharA huA hai| ataH uparyukta zloka ko prakSipta mAna lene para bhI anya yApanIyamata-virodhI siddhAntoM jaise strImuktiniSedha, savastramuktiniSedha, gRhasthamuktiniSedha Adi kI upalabdhi bRhatkathAkoza ko yApanIyagrantha siddha nahIM hone detii| bRhatkathAkoza meM ina yApanIyamata-viruddha siddhAntoM kI upalabdhi ke pramANa prastuta grantha ke 23veM adhyAya meM draSTavya haiN| adhyAya 24-chedapiNDa, chedazAstra evaM pratikramaNa-granthatrayI __ ye tInoM digambaraparamparA ke grantha haiM, kyoMki inameM muniyoM ke lie ve hI 28 mUlaguNa Avazyaka batalAye gaye haiM, jo digambaragrantha 'pravacanasAra' aura 'mUlAcAra' meM nirdiSTa haiN| inameM Acelakya pramukha mUlaguNa hai| yApanIyaparamparA meM yaha mUlaguNa nahIM mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki isake binA bhI isa paramparA meM munipada kI prApti evaM mukti saMbhava batalAyI gayI hai| chedapiNDa chedapiNDa meM muniyoM ke lie digambaramAnya 28 mUlaguNoM kA pAlana anivArya batalAyA gayA hai aura acelavrata ko bhaMga karane para prAyazcitta kA vidhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai-"jo muni kisI ke dvArA upasarga kiye jAne para athavA kisI roga se grasta ho jAne para athavA darpa ke kAraNa gRhastha kA athavA anyatIrthika kA liMga (veza) grahaNakara acelavrata ko bhaMga karatA hai, use kramazaH 'khamaNa' (upavAsa), 'SaSTha' (chaha bhuktiyoM kA tyAga) tathA 'mUla' nAmaka prAyazcitta diyA jAnA caahie|" (gAthA 124-125) / __aise hI prAyazcitta kA vidhAna 'chedapiNDa' kI 61vIM aura 62vIM gAthAoM meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| yathA-"jo nirgranthavratadhArI eka bar3I kaur3I, choTI kaur3I yA pA~ca For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau pacahattara] prakAra ke vastroM (kozaja, kArpAsaja, valkaja, romaja tathA carmaja) meM se kisI bhI vastra kA alpaparigraha bhI grahaNa karatA hai, vaha AlocanA, kAyotsarga, niyamayukta upavAsa tathA sapratikramaNa upavAsa kA pAtra hai|" ___ isa prakAra 'chedapiNDa' meM kisI roga ke hone para bhI muni kA vastragrahaNa AcelakyamUlaguNa yA aparigrahamahAvrata ke bhaMga kA kAraNa hone se prAyazcita ke yogya mAnA gayA hai, jaba ki yApanIyasampradAya meM lajjA yA zItAdi ke sahana meM asamartha hone para bhI vastragrahaNa kI chUTa hai| isase siddha hai ki 'chedapiNDa' digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai| phira bhI DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne chedapiNDa, chedazAstra evaM pratikramaNa-granthatrayI ko yApanIyasampradAya ke sAhitya meM sammilita kiyA hai| unhoMne chedapiNDa ko yApanIyagrantha mAnane ke pakSa meM jo hetu prastuta kiye haiM, unakA nirasana nIce kiyA jA rahA hai 1. hetu-isameM zramaNiyoM ke lie ve hI prAyazcitta haiM, jo zramaNoM ke lie haiN| zramaNiyoM ke lie mAtra paryAyacheda, mUla, parihAra, dinapratimA aura trikAlayoga nAmaka prAyazcitoM kA niSedha hai| zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM kI isa samAnatA kA pratipAdana chidapiNDa ke yApanIyagrantha hone kA sUcaka hai| nirasana-zramaNiyoM ke lie jo payAryacheda, mUla, parihAra, dinapratimA aura trikAlayoga nAmaka prAyazcittoM kA niSedha hai, usase siddha hotA hai ki chedapiNDa grantha meM zramaNiyoM ko sAdhanA kI dRSTi se zramaNoM ke tulya svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yaha unake tadbhavamukti-yogya na hone kI ghoSaNA hai| ataH chedapiNDa yApanIyagrantha nahIM hai| 2. hetu-chedapiNDa ke kartA indranandI kANUgaNa ke the| kANUgaNa yApanIyasaMgha kA gaNa thaa| ataH indranandI yApanIyasampradAya ke AcArya the| isase siddha hai ki chedapiNDa yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hai| nirasana-kANUgaNa digambarasaMgha (mUlasaMgha) kA hI gaNa thaa| yaha yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa nAmaka saptama adhyAya (pra.3 / zI.4) meM sapramANa darzAyA gayA hai| ataH chedapiNDa digambaraparamparA kA hI grantha hai| 3. hetu-AcArya raviSeNa ne padmacarita (padmapurANa) meM apanI guruparamparA meM indra kA ullekha kiyA hai| raviSeNa yApanIya the, isalie unake guru chedapiNDakartA indra kA bhI yApanIya honA svAbhAvika hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau chahattara] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nirasana-raviSeNa digambarAcArya the, yaha 19veM adhyAya meM pramANita kiyA jA cukA hai| ataH yadi unake guruoM ke guru indra 'chedapiNDa' ke kartA the, to unakA bhI digambara honA sunizcita hai| isa prakAra bhI 'chedapiNDa' digambarAcAryakRta hI siddha hotA hai| 4. hetu-yApanIyasaMghI pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana ne apane sUtrapATha meM indra kA ullekha kiyA hai| pAlyakIrti yApanIya the, ataH unake guru indra bhI yApanIya rahe hoNge| nirasana-ye yApanIya ho sakate haiM, kintu 'chedapiNDa' ke kartA nahIM, kyoMki usameM muniyoM ke digambarasammata 28 mUlaguNoM kA varNana hai, jo yApanIyamata ke viruddha 5. hetu-gommaTasAra ke kartA AcArya nemicandra ne karmakANDa kI gAthA kra. 785 meM indranandI guru ko namaskAra kiyA hai| saMbhavataH ye hI yApanIyasaMghI aura chedapiNDa ke kartA the| nirasana-gommaTasAra ke kartA AcArya nemicandra ne jina indranandI guru ko praNAma kiyA hai, yadi unheM 'chedapiNDa' kA kartA svIkAra kiyA jAya, to ve yApanIya kisI bhI hAlata meM siddha nahIM hote, kyoMki digambara AcArya nemicandra kA eka jainAbhAsI (mithyAdRSTi) ko namaskAra karanA kabhI bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| 6. hetu-'chedapiNDa' meM aneka sthaloM para 'kalpavyavahAra' kA nirdeza hai| isa zvetAmbarIya grantha ke anusaraNa se siddha hai ki chedapiNDa yApanIyakRti hai| nirasana-kalpavyavahAra, kalpAkalpa, mahAkalpa, pratikramaNa Adi aMgabAhya-zrutasambandhI granthoM kA ullekha digambaragranthoM meM bhI hai| 'chedapiNDa' meM jisa 'kalpavyavahAra' grantha kA ullekha hai, vaha zvetAmbarIya grantha nahIM hai, apitu tannAmaka digambaragrantha hI hai, kyoMki jina zvetapaTazramaNoM ko chedapiNDa (gAthA 28) meM pASaNDa (mithyAdharmaprarUpaka) saMjJA dI gaI ho, unhIM zramaNoM ke lie mAnya grantha se kisI bhI sAmagrI kA grahaNa kiyA jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| isase siddha hai ki 'chedapiNDa' yApanIyakRti nahIM hai| 7. hetu-chedapiNDa aura mUlAcAra, donoM kI paramparA samAna pratIta hotI hai| yataH mUlAcAra yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha hai, ataH chedapiNDa bhI isI paramparA kA hai| nirasana-mUlAcAra digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai, yaha 15veM adhyAya meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| ataH chedapiNDa bhI isI paramparA kA grantha siddha hotA hai| 8. hetu-chedapiNDa kI gAthA 303 meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki 'dezayati' ko saMyata ke prAyazcitta kA AdhA denA caahie| 'dezayati' zabda ke prayoga se yaha For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau satattara] pratIta hotA hai ki yaha paramparA elaka aura kSullaka ko utkRSTa zrAvaka na mAnakara zramaNavarga ke hI antargata rakhatI hai| yaha chedapiNDa ke yApanIyagrantha hone kA pramANa nirasana-chedapiNDa kI gAthA kra. 303 meM 'dezayati' zabda 'dezavirata' (zrAvaka) ke hI artha meM prayukta hai, 'zramaNa' ke artha meM nahIM, yaha ukta gAthA aura usakI uttaravartI gAthAoM ke vivaraNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| uttaravartI gAthAoM kra. 305 evaM 306 meM 'dezayati' ke sthAna meM 'desaviradANaM' (dezaviratAnAM) zabda kA prayoga kara yaha bAta spaSTa kara dI gayI hai| ataH chedapaNDi yApanIyagrantha nahIM, apitu digambaragrantha hai| chedazAstra isa grantha kI viSayavastu 'chedapiNDa' para hI AdhArita hai| isameM muniyoM ke ve hI digambaramAnya 28 mUlaguNa varNita haiM, jo chedapiNDa meM varNita haiM tathA 'Acelakya' mUlaguNa ko bhaMga karane para unhIM prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jinakA chedapiNDa meM hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'yadi ise chedapiNDa kA hI eka saMkSiptarUpa kahA jAya, to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii|' (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.154)| ataH DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne jina kAraNoM se chedapiNDa ko yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha mAnA hai, unhIM kAraNoM se chedazAstra ko bhI mAnA hai| kintu yaha Upara siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki chedapiNDa digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai| ataH chedapiNDa kA hI saMkSiptarUpa hone se yaha svataH siddha hai ki chedazAstra bhI digambaraparamparA kA hI grantha hai| pratikramaNa-granthatrayI ise Avazyaka (pratikramaNasUtra) zIrSaka se nirdiSTa karate hue DaoN0 sAgaramala jI 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' (pR.160-165) grantha meM likhate haiM ki vaha unheM nimnalikhita kAraNoM se yApanIya-paramparA kA grantha pratIta hotA hai 1. isakI viSayavastu kA lagabhaga 80 pratizata bhAga vahI hai, jo zvetAmbaraparamparA ke AvazyakasUtra meM haiN| 2. isake TIkAkAra prabhAcandra yApanIya the| 3. isameM 'rAtribhojana-viramaNa' ko sarvatra chaThe vrata yA aNuvrata ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| yaha mAnyatA zvetAmbaroM meM aura bhagavatI-ArAdhanA Adi yApanIyagranthoM meM milatI hai| 4. isameM zvetAmbara-Agama 'jJAtAdharmakathAMga' evaM 'sUtrakRtAMga' kI gAthAe~ aura viSayavastu prApta hotI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[eka sau aThahattara] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 5. isameM zvetAmbarIya dazavaikAlikasUtra ke prathama adhyAya kI prathama gAthA ullikhita hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki inameM se eka bhI hetu 'pratikramaNa-granthatrayI' ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane meM samartha nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM aise siddhAntoM ko mAnyatA dI gayI hai, jo yApanIyamata ke savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti aura parazAsanamukti, ina maulika siddhAntoM ke viruddha haiN| yathA 1. 'pratikramaNagranthatrayI' (pR.115) meM Acelakya Adi 28 guNa muni ke mUlaguNa arthAt AdhArabhUta, anivArya guNa kahe gaye haiM, jisase muni ke lie ApavAdika sacelaliMga kA niSedha ho jAtA hai, jaba ki yApanIyamata meM ApavAdika sacelaliMga mAnya hai| 2. mokSa ke lie pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pAlana Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai, jinameM aparigraha mahAvrata ke antargata sUtI, UnI, rezamI Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke vastra kA eka dhAgA bhI rakhane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| (pR.129-130)| isase strImukti, gRhasthamukti evaM paratIrthikamukti kA niSedha ho jAtA hai, jo yApanIyamata ke viruddha hai| 3. vastra, bhANDa (vartana) Adi daza prakAra ke bAhya grantha aura mithyAtvAdi caudaha prakAra ke abhyantara grantha, ina donoM prakAra ke granthoM se rahita manuSya ko nirgrantha nAma diyA gayA hai (pR.61-62) aura kahA gayA hai ki sarvajJapraNIta Agama meM nirgranthaliMga ko hI mokSa kA hetu batAyA gayA hai| (pR.64-69)| isase sabhI taraha ke vastradhArI strI-puruSoM kI mukti amAnya ho jAtI hai, jaba ki yApanIyamata meM vastradhArI strIpuruSoM kI mukti svIkAra kI gayI hai| 4. anya matoM aura anya ligoM kI prazaMsA ko arthAt unheM mokSamArga batalAne ko darzanAcAra kA parityAga kahA gayA hai| (pR.160-161)| yaha yApanIyoM ke parazAsanamukti ke siddhAnta ke viruddha hai| pratikramaNa-granthatrayI meM ina yApanIyamata-viruddha siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai, ataH siddha hai ki vaha yApanIyagrantha nahIM, apitu digambaragrantha hai| isalie DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne use yApanIyagrantha siddha karane ke lie jo hetu sAmane rakhe haiM, ve asatya haiM, arthAt 1. bhale hI pratikramaNagranthatrayI kI viSayavastu kA lagabhaga 80 pratizata bhAga zvetAmbarIya AvazyakasUtra se samAnatA rakhatA ho, kintu vaha usase gRhIta nahIM hai, apitu vaha usa mUla nirgranthaparamparA se AyA hai, jo vartamAna meM digambaraparamparA kahalAtI hai tathA jisase zvetAmbara-paramparA kA udbhava huA hai| usI se ve gAthAe~ AyI haiM, jinakA jJAtAdharmakathAMga, sUtrakRtAMga evaM dazavaikAlikasUtra kI gAthAoM se sAmya hai| ataH For Personal & Private Use Only

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granthasAra [eka sau unyAsI] ukta sAmagrI zvetAmbaragranthoM se gRhIta na hone ke kAraNa pratikramaNa-granthatrayI yApanIyagrantha nahIM hai| 2. yataH pratikramaNa-granthatrayI meM pratipAdita viSaya yApanIyamata-viruddha hai, ataH usake TIkAkAra prabhAcandra yApanIya nahIM ho skte| 3. rAtribhojanaviramaNa ko sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArtharAjavArtika, vijayodayATIkA Adi digambaraparamparA ke granthoM meM bhI chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 14/pr.2/shii.7)| ataH usake ullekha se pratikramaNa-granthatrayI yApanIyagrantha siddha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra isa bAta meM sandeha ke lie koI sthAna nahIM rahatA ki pratikramaNagranthatrayI digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai| adhyAya 25-bRhatprabhAcandrakRta tattvArthasUtra DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne bRhatprabhAcandrakRta tattvArthasUtra ko kevala isalie yApanIyagrantha mAnA hai ki isake anta meM iti jinakalpisUtraM samAptam likhA hai| unake anusAra yApanIyamata jinakalpa (acelaliMga) aura sthavirakalpa (sacelaliMga) meM se jinakalpa para jora detA thA, usI ko sUcita karane ke lie yApanIya-AcArya bRhatprabhAcandra ne tattvArthasUtra ko 'jinakalpisUtra' nAma diyA hai| DaoNkTara sA0 kI mAnyatA hai ki digambaraparamparA meM to jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa mAnya hI nahIM hai, ataH yaha jinakalpisUtra digambaraparamparA kA nahIM hai aura zvetAmbaraparamparA sthavirakalpa ko pradhAnatA detI hai, isalie vaha zvetAmbaraparamparA kA bhI nahIM hai| (jai. dha. yA. sa./ pR. 207) / ___bRhatprabhAcandrakRta tattvArthasUtra ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane ke lie DaoNkTara sA0 dvArA prastuta uparyukta hetu sarvathA asatya hai| nimnalikhita pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki vaha yApanIyagrantha nahIM, apitu digambaragrantha hai 1. digambaraparamparA meM bhI jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa mAnya haiM, kintu donoM acelaliMgI haiN| antara kevala tapa meM hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 2/pra.3 / zI.3.2 evaM adhyAya 14/pra.2 / shii.8)| tathApi bRhatprabhAcandra ne tattvArthasUtra ko 'jinakalpisUtra' nAma zvetAmbaramAnya sacela-sthavirakalpa ke pratipakSI acela-jinaliMga kI dRSTi se diyA hai| arthAt ve yaha sUcita karanA cAhate the ki 'tattvArthasUtra' jinaliMgadhArI (digambara) muniyoM ke AcAra kA varNana karanevAlA grantha hai, sacela-sthavirakalpI sAdhuoM ke AcAra kA varNana karanevAlA nhiiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau assI ] jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 2. uparyukta tathya kI puSTi ke lie bRhatprabhAcandra ne apane tattvArthasUtra meM eka naye sUtra kA samAveza kiyA hai, vaha hai 'zramaNAnAmaSTAviMzatirmUlaguNAH' (7/5) arthAt zramaNoM ke 28 mUlaguNa hote haiN| inameM eka 'acelatva' mUlaguNa bhI hai, jo yApanIyamata meM mUlaguNa ke rUpa meM mAnya nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM apavAdarUpa se vastradhAraNa karanevAlA bhI muni kahalA sakatA hai aura usa mata ke anusAra vaha mokSa bhI prApta kara sakatA hai| 3. eka mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki bRhatprabhAcandra ne apane tattvArthasUtra meM una parISahasUtroM ko sthAna nahIM diyA, jo gRdhrapicchAcArya - kRta tattvArthasUtra meM varNita haiM, kyoMki unameM 'ekAdaza jine' sUtra hai, jise zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne kevali - kavalAhAra kA pratipAdaka batalAkara gRdhrapicchAcArya - kRta tattvArthasUtra ko zvetAmbaraparamparA kA grantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isase siddha hai ki bRhatprabhAcandra digambara the / yadi ve yApanIya hote, to apane tattvArthasUtra meM parISahasUtroM ko avazya rakhate, kyoMki 'ekAdaza jine' sUtra ke AdhAra para ve zvetAmbaroM ke samAna kevalI ko kavalAhArI siddha kara sakate the| ye tIna hetu isa tathya ke akhaNDya pramANa haiM ki bRhatprabhAcandrakRta tattvArthasUtra yApanIyaparamparA kA nahIM, apitu digambaraparamparA kA grantha hai / yahA~ granthasAra samApta hotA hai, ina pramANasiddha tIna nirNayoM ke sAtha ki 1. digambarajainaparamparA IsAkAla, vaidikakAla aura sindhusabhyatAkAla, ina sabhI se prAcIna hai| vaha vaidika-purANoM ke anusAra dvAparayuga aura chaThe manvantara meM bhI vidyamAna thI / tathA 2. kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI - ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra, sanmatisUtra Adi grantha na to yApanIya - AcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ haiM, na zvetAmbarAcAryoM kI aura na hI kapolakalpita uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA ke AcAryoM kI, ve digambarajainAcAryoM kI lekhanI se prasUta hue haiN| aura 3. AcArya kundakunda ne isa bhAratabhU ko IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se lekara Isottara prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha taka apane astitva se dhanya kiyA thA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a. --- / pra.-- a.---/ pra.--- / zI. anu. abhi. rA. ko. /---/--- A. khyA. AcArAMga / ---/ ~~~/~~~/~-- Ava. cU. / upo. niryu. / Ava. sU. / pU. bhA. Ava. niyukti A.vR./mUlA. Adi pu. /---/--- AturapratyA. A. mI. Ava. sU. /---/--- i. na. zrutA. iNDa. aiNTi. iSTo. IzAdyaSTo. saMketAkSara - vivaraNa utta. sU./---/-- Rgveda /---/---/--- adhyAya kramAMka / prakaraNa kramAMka | adhyAya kramAMka / prakaraNa kramAMka / zIrSaka kramAMka / anuccheda (pairaagraaph)| abhidhAna rAjendra koSa / bhAga kramAMka / pRSTha kramAMka / AtmakhyAti vyAkhyA / zrutaskandha kramAMka/adhyayana kramAMka / uddezaka kramAMka / sUtra kramAMka / AvazyakacUrNi / upodghAtaniryukti / AvazyakasUtra / pUrvabhAga / Avazyakaniryukti AcAravRtti / mUlAcAra / AdipurANa / parva kramAMka / zloka kramAMka | AturapratyAkhyAna / AptamImAMsA / AvazyakasUtra / Avazyaka kramAMka / sUtra kramAMka / indranandikRta zrutAvatAra / di iNDiyana aiNTikverI / iSTopadeza / IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad / uttarAdhyayanasUtra / adhyayana kramAMka / gAthA kramAMka / maMDala kramAMka / sUkta kramAMka / RcA kramAMka / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #188
[ eka sau bayAsI ] ka. pA. kai. ca. zAstrI jAbAlo. jI.ta.pra./go. ka. jI. ta. pra. / go. jI. jai. A. sA. ma. mI. jai. dha. mau. i. jai. dha. yA. sa. jai. zi. saM. / mA. ca. kra. guNa. siddhA. : eka vi. go. ka. go. jI. cA. pA. cArittapAhuDa | chAndogyopaniSad /--~/~~~/~~ adhyAya kra. / khaNDa kra. / vAkya kra. / ja. dha. / ka. pA. / bhA--- jayadhavalATIkA / kasAyapAhuDa / bhAga kramAMka / ja. dha. / ka. pA. / bhA. --- / gA. --- / jayadhavalA / kasAyapAhuDa / bhAga kramAMka / gAthA kra. / anuccheda kramAMka / pRSTha kramAMka / anu. --- / pR. jAbAlopaniSad / jai. zi. saM. / bhA. jJA. jai. sa. yA. saM. pra. jai. saM. saM. saM. zolApura jai. sA. i. jai. sA. i. - - premI jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 ksaaypaahudd| siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI | kramAMka / guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa / gommaTasAra- karmakANDa | gommaTasAra - jIvakANDa / jIvatattvapradIpikAvRtti / gommaTasAra- karmakANDa / jIvatattvapradIpikAvRtti / gommaTasAra - jIvakANDa / jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA / jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa / jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya / jaina - zilAlekha saMgraha / mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, muMbaI / jaina - zilAlekha saMgraha / bhAratIya jJAnapITha / 44 'jaina sampradAya ke yApanIyasaMgha para kucha aura prakAza" (lekh)| jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura / jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa | jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa - paM0 nAthUrAma premI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMketAkSara-vivaraNa jai. sA. i. ( kai. ca. zAstrI) jai. sA. i./pU. pI. jai. sA. i. vi. pra./khaM.1 jai. si. ko. /---/--- jai. sA. bR. i./--- jai. si. bhA. / bhA. ---/ki. --- DaoN. sA. ma. jai. abhi. gra. ta. ni. prA. ta. dI. tattvA. bhASya. ta. bhASyavRtti ta. ra. dI./ SaD. samu./---/--- [eka sau tirAsI] jainasAhitya kA itihAsa (siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAza candra shaastrii)| jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / puurvpiitthikaa| jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza / prthmkhNdd| jainendra siddhAnta koza / bhAga kramAMka / pRSTha krmaaNk| jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa / bhAga krmaaNk| jaina siddhAnta bhAskara/bhAga kramAMka/kiraNa krmaaNk| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grnth| tttvnirnnypraasaad| tttvdiipikaavRtti| tttvaarthaadhigmbhaassy| tttvaarthbhaassyvRtti| tarkarahasyadIpikA (guNaratnakRta TIkA)/ SaDdarzanasamuccaya / adhikAra-kramAMka / pRsstthkrmaaNk| tattvArtharAjavArtika / adhyAya kramAMka / sUtra kramAMka / vArtika kramAMka tattvArthasUtra / adhyAya kramAMka / sUtra krmaaNk| tttvaarthsuutr| tattvArthasUtra / vivecnshit| tttvaarthsuutr-jainaagmsmnvy| taatpryvRtti| tiloyapaNNattI / mahAdhikAra kramAMka / gAthA krmaaNk| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA / khaNDa krmaaNk| dNsnnpaahudd| ta. rA. vA. /---/---/--- ta. sU. ---/--- tattvArtha ta. sU./vi. sa. ta. sU. jai. sa. tA. vR. ti. pa./---/--- ma. A. pa./--- daM. pA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau caurAsI ] dra. saM. dvi. saM. daza. vai. sU. di. dravyasaMgraha | dvitIya saMskaraNa | dazavaikAlikasUtra | digambara / dhammapada - aTThakathA / bhA. ---/--/--- dhammapada - aTThakathA / bhAga kra. / vagga kra. / kathA kra. dhavalA /Sa. khaM./pu.-- dhavalATIkA / SaTkhaNDAgama / pustaka kramAMka / ni. sA. niyamasAra / nyAyadIpikA / ---/--- prakAza kramAMka / anuccheda kramAMka nyaayaavtaarvaartikvRtti| nyA. vA. vR. pa. ca. / ---/---/---/--- pa. pu. /---/--- padmamahApurANa /--~/~~~/~~~/~~~ jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 paumacariu / bhAga kra./ sandhi kra. / dohAsamUha kra./ dohA kramAMka | padmapurANa (padmacarita ) / bhAga kra. /parva kra. / zloka kra. / bhAga kramAMka / khaNDa kramAMka (bhUmikhaNDa) / adhyAya kramAMka / zloka kramAMka / paramAtmaprakAza / mahAdhikAra kramAMka / dohA kramAMka / paramAtmaprakAza / paJcAstikAya / pa. pra. /---/--- paramA. pra. paM. kA. paM. ra. ca. jai. mukhtAra : vyakti kRti paNDita ratanacandra jaina mukhtAra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva | pari. parva pariziSTaparva / pA. Ti. purA. jai. vA. sU. pu. pR. pra. saM. prava. parI. /--/--~/~~~ pAdaTippaNI / purAtana - jaina-vAkya pustaka / pRSThakramAMka / prathama sNskrnn| - sUcI / pravacanaparIkSA / bhAga kramAMka (pUrva yA uttara)/ vizrAma kramAMka / gAthA kramAMka / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMketAkSara-vivaraNa pra. sA. /---/--- [eka sau pacAsI] pravacanasAra / adhikAra kramAMka / gAthA krmaaNk| prastA . prstaavnaa| prA. sA. i. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihaas| bA. a. bArasa annuvekkhaa| bA. aNu. bArasa annuvekkhaa| bR. ka. ko. bRhtkthaakosh| bRhatkalpasUtra /---/--- uddezakramAMka / suutrkrmaaNk| bR. kalpa./laghubhASyavRtti /---/--- bRhatkalpasUtra / laghubhASyavRtti / uddezakramAMka / gAthA krmaaNk| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad /---/---/-- adhyAya kramAMka / brAhmaNa kramAMka / vAkya krmaaNk| bo. pA. bodhpaahudd| brahmasUtra /---/---/--- adhyAya kramAMka / pAda kramAMka / sUtra krmaaNk| bha. A. bhgvtii-aaraadhnaa| bhaTTA. sampra. bhttttaarksmprdaay| bha. bA. ca./---/--- bhadrabAhucarita / pariccheda kramAMka / zloka krmaaNk| bha. bA. ka. bhdrbaahukthaank| bhA. bhaag| bhA. jJA. bhA. pu. /---/---/--- bhA. pA. bhA. i. e. da.. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana dillI / vaaraannsii| bhAgavatapurANa / skandha kramAMka / adhyAya kramAMka / zloka kramAMka yA gadyakhaNDa kramAMka / bhaavpaahudd| bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi (DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jain)| bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogdaan| sarga kramAMka / zloka krmaaNk| bhA. saM. jai. dha. yo. dA. mahApurANa /---/--- For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ eka sau chiyAsI ] mahAbhArata /---/~~~/~~~ mA. ca. mUlA. mUlA. / pU. mUlA. / utta. mo. pA. yA. au. u. sA. yu. anu. yo. sA. ra. ka. zrA. liM. pA. varAMgacarita /---/--- vAyupurANa /--/--- vi. TI. / bha. A. vize. bhA. viSNupurANa /--/---/--- vyA. pra. /---/--~/~~ zo. pra. zra. bha. ma. zve. Sa. kha. /---/-------- SaT. pari. sa. sA. /--- jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 parva kramAMka / adhyAya kramAMka / zloka kramAMka / mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, bambaI / mUlAcAra / mUlAcAra / pUrvArdha / mUlAcAra / uttarArdha / mokkhapAhuDa | yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya | yuktyanuzAsana / yogasAra ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra | liMgapAhu sarga kramAMka / zloka kramAMka / adhyAya kramAMka / zloka kramAMka / vijayodayATIkA / bhagavatI - ArAdhanA / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / aMza kra. / adhyAya kra. / zloka kra. / vyAkhyAprajJapti / zataka kramAMka / uddezaka kramAMka / praznottara kramAMka zolApura prkaashn| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra / zvetAmbara / SaTkhaNDAgama / pustaka kramAMka / khaNDa kramAMka, bhAga kramAMka, sUtra kramAMka / SaTkhaNDAgama- parizIlana / samayasAra / gAthA kramAMka / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMketAkSara-vivaraNa samavAyAMga /---/--- sa. tantra saM. sA. i.- ba. de. u. sa.si./---/---/--- sA. dha. sutta. pA. sUtrakRtAMga /---/---/--- strInirvANa pra. [eka sau satAsI] samavAya kramAMka / sUtra krmaaNk| samAdhitantra (smaadhishtk)| saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - baladeva upaadhyaay| sarvArthasiddhi / adhyAya kramAMka / sUtra kramAMka / anuccheda krmaaNk| saagaardhrmaamRt| suttapAhuDa zrutaskandha kramAMka/adhyayana kramAMka/uddezaka krmaaNk| striinirvaannprkrnn| sthAnAMgasUtra/sthAna kramAMka/uddezakramAMka/sUtra krmaaNk| sthAnAMgasUtra / sthAna kramAMka / sUtra kramAMka / svymbhuustotr| svAmI smntbhdr| harivaMzapurANa / sargakramAMka / shlokkrmaaNk| hAribhadrIya vRtti| maladhArI hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vishessaavshykbhaassy| Aspects of Jainology. Foot Note. sthA.sU./---/---/--- sthA.sU./---/--- sva. sto. svA. sa. bha. ha. pu. (hari. pu.)/---/--- hAri. vRtti hema. vRtti / vize. bhA. Asp. of Jaino. F. N. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prathama adhyAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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prathama adhyAya kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita tarkaprAsAda mAnya zvetAmbara muniyoM aura vidvAnoM ne digambaramata ko nihnavamata (tIrthaMkaropadeza ke viparIta svakalpita mithyAmata) evaM arvAcIna, digambaraparamparA ke bahumAnya AcArya kundakunda ko vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI kA tathA digambarasAhitya ko yApanIyasAhitya yA zvetAmbarasAhitya siddha karane ke lie jo tarkaprAsAda khar3A kiyA hai, vaha kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita hai| vaha kAlpanika sAmagrI itihAsaviruddha evaM pramANaviruddha mithyAmatoM kI kalpanA se niSpanna huI hai| ve kalpanAe~ isa prakAra haiM tIrthaMkaroM ke savastra-tIrthopadezaka hone kI kalpanA zvetAmbarAcArya zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa (sAtavIM zatI I0) ne yaha mata udbhAvita kiyA hai ki koI bhI tIrthaMkara sarvathA acela nahIM the, sabhI eka vastra grahaNa kara pravrajita hue the, jisase logoM ko yaha upadeza prApta ho sake ki savastra rahane para hI sAdhu ko mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra tIrthaMkaroM ne saceladharma kA hI upadeza diyA thaa| isa mata kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| boTika zivabhUti ke digambaramatapravartaka hone kI kalpanA ekAnta yA nirapavAda aceladharma (digambaramata) kI utpatti ke viSaya meM purAtana zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne yaha kathA gar3hI hai ki usakA pravartana vIra ni0 saM0 609 (I0 san 82) meM zvetAmbaramata kA parityAga kara alaga hue boTika zivabhUti nAma ke sAdhu ne kiyA thaa| isa kathA kA vistAra se varNana dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| aura kathA meM varNita tathyoM ke hI AdhAra para siddha kiyA jAyegA ki nirapavAda aceladharma yA digambaramata jinendropadiSTa hai, boTika zivabhUti dvArA praNIta nhiiN| boTika zivabhUti ke yApanIyamatapravartaka hone kI kalpanA bIsavIM sadI I0 ke zvetAmbara muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI evaM zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina Adi ke dvArA yaha kahAnI racI For Personal & Private Use Only

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4 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a01 gayI hai ki 'AvazyakamUlabhASya' Adi granthoM meM boTika zabda kA prayoga digambaroM ke lie nahIM, apitu yApanIyoM ke lie kiyA gayA hai aura isalie vIra ni0 saM0 609 meM zivabhUti ne digambaramata kA nahIM, balki yApanIyamata kA pravartana kiyA thA, ataH digambaramata vIra ni0 saM0 609 meM bhI utpanna nahIM huA thaa| vaha usase bhI arvAcIna hai| isa kahAnI kI asatyatA kA prakAzana dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| kundakunda ke digambaramatapravartaka hone kI kalpanA digambaramata kI utpatti ke viSaya meM muni kalyANavijaya jI ne jo kathA bunI hai, vaha yaha hai ki usakI sthApanA vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata ke AcArya kundakunda ne kI thI, jo AraMbha meM boTika zivabhUti dvArA pravartita yApanIyasaMgha meM dIkSita hue the| kintu bAda meM yApanIyasaMgha kI vaikalpika savastramukti, strImukti Adi kI mAnyatAe~ unheM ucita pratIta nahIM huiiN| isalie unakA niSedha karane ke lie unhoMne AvAja uThAyI, kintu unake guru. tathA saMgha ke adhikAMza sAdhuoM ne unakA samarthana nahIM kiyA, pratyuta virodha kiyaa| phalasvarUpa ve saMgha se alaga ho gaye aura apane samarthakoM ko lekara nayA sampradAya banA liyA, jo digambarasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| isa kathA kI kapolakalpitatA dvitIya adhyAya meM pradarzita kI jaayegii| kundakunda ke prathamataH yApanIya hone kI kalpanA muni kalyANavijaya jI ne uparyukta managaDhanta kathA meM yaha bhI gar3hA hai ki kundakunda pahale yApanIyaparamparA meM dIkSita hue the, bAda meM usase alaga hokara digambaramuni bana gye| dvitIya adhyAya meM kundakunda ke digambaramata-pravartaka hone kI kathA ke managaDhanta siddha ho jAne para yaha bhI siddha ho jAyegA ki unake prathamataH yApanIyaparamparA meM dIkSita hone kI kathA bhI managaDhanta hai| 6 kundakunda ke prathamataH bhaTTAraka hone kI kalpanA muni kalyANavijaya jI ne AcArya kundakunda ke prathamataH yApanIya hone kI kathA gar3hI hai, to zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI ne unake prathamataH bhaTTArakasampradAya ke paTTAdhIza hone kI kahAnI raca ddaalii| ve likhate haiM-"kundakunda mAghanandI ke ziSya jinacandra ke pAsa bhaTTArakaparamparA meM dIkSita hue the| medhAvI muni kundakunda ne adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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a01 kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita tarkaprAsAda /5 pUrNa karane ke pazcAt digambaraparamparA dvArA sammata AgamoM ke nididhyAsana-cintana-manana se jaba jinendra prabhu dvArA prarUpita jainadharma ke vAstavika svarUpa aura tIrthaMkaroM dvArA Acarita zramaNadharma ko pahacAnA, to unheM apane praguru mAghanandI dvArA saMsthApita dharma aura zramaNAcAra-viSayaka mAnyatAe~ dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUlasvarUpa ke anurUpa pratIta nahIM huiiN| unhoMne saMbhavataH apane praguru, guru aura bhaTTArakasaMgha dvArA sammata una katipaya abhinava mAnyatAoM ke samUlonmUlana aura purAtana mAnyatAoM kI punaH saMsthApanA kA saMkalpa kiyaa|" (jai.dha.mau.i./ bhaa.3/pR.140)| arthAt unhoMne bhaTTArakaparamparA chor3akara digambaramuni-paramparA ko punarujjIvita kiyaa| isa kahAnI kI managaDhantatA para 'kundakunda ke prathamataH bhaTTAraka hone kI kathA managaDhanta' nAmaka aSTama adhyAya meM prakAza DAlA jaayegaa| uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha kI kalpanA DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne yaha itihAsaviruddha udbhAvanA kI hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acela aura sacela donoM liMgoM se mokSa hone kA upadeza diyA thaa| ataH uttarabhArata meM ekamAtra sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha vidyamAna thA, jisakA astitva IsA kI paMcama zatAbdI ke prAraMbha taka banA rahA, tatpazcAt isa saMgha se sacelAcelamArgI yApanIyasaMgha tathA sarvathA sacelamArgI zvetAmbarasaMgha kA udbhava huA aura yaha vighaTita ho gyaa| isa kalpanA kI kapolakalpitatA kA anAvaraNa dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se zvetAmbara yApanIya sampradAyoM ke udbhava kI kalpanA DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne uparyukta kalpanA ke AdhAra para isa nayI kalpanA ko janma diyA hai ki IsA kI paMcama zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM kathita uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcelanirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kA udbhava huA thA, na ki digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kaa| digambarasampradAya kI to svataMtrarUpa se sthApanA vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI (IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI) meM dakSiNa bhArata ke AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA kI gayI thii| isa kalpanA ke kapolakalpita hone kA bodha uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha (nirgranthaparamparA) kI kapolakalpitatA kA anAvaraNa ho jAne para svataH ho jaayegaa| isa kalpanA ke kyA prayojana the, isakA prarUpaNa dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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6 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 9 acela evaM sacela jinakalpoM ke vyuccheda kI kalpanA prAcIna zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne paJcamakAla meM sacela - zvetAmbaramata ko hI jinokta, ucita aura anivArya tathA acela - digambaramata ko nihnavamata (tIrthaMkaropadeza ke viparIta svakalpita mithyAmata) ata eva anarthakArI siddha karane ke lie yaha kalpanA kI hai ki boTika - zivabhUti-varNita acela - jinakalpa aura jinabhadragaNi- varNita sacela-jinakalpa jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pUrva taka astitva meM the, kintu nirvANa ke pazcAt arthAt paMcamakAla kA Arambha hote hI prathamasaMhananadhArI manuSyoM kI utpatti banda ho gayI, jisase koI bhI puruSa donoM prakAra ke jinakalpoM ko dhAraNa karane yogya nahIM rahA arthAt jinakalpa kA vyuccheda ho gayA / ataH jinendradeva ne paMcamakAla meM muniyoM ko acelaliMga grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA hai aura ekamAtra sacelaliMga hI grahaNa karane yogya batalAyA hai| ataH paMcamakAla meM acelaliMga ko ucita batalAnevAlA digambaramata jinopadiSTa nahIM hai, apitu svakalpita hone se nihnavamata hai / isa kalpanA kI kapolakalpitatA dvitIya adhyAya meM prakaTa kI jAyegI / 10 sAmAnyapuruSoM ke lie tIrthaMkaraliMga-grahaNa ke niSedha kI kalpanA uparyukta prayojana se hI zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne yaha kalpanA kI hai ki sAmAnya puruSa arthAt jo usI bhava meM tIrthaMkara honevAle nahIM haiM, bhale hI ve jinakalpa ke yogya hoM, tIrthaMkaraliMga (acelaliMga ) grahaNa karane ke yogya nahIM hote / ataH tIrthaMkaroM ne unake lie tIrthaMkaraliMga grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA hai| yaha kathana bhI managaDhanta hai| isakI managaDhantatA kA khulAsA dvitIya adhyAya meM draSTavya hai / a0 1 11 acelatva ke mukhya aura aupacArika bhedoM kI kalpanA upAdhyAya dharmasAgarakRta svopajJavRttiyukta 'pravacanaparIkSA' (1572 I0) grantha se vidita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara jinakalpI sAdhu bhI mukhavastrikA evaM Una se nirmita rajoharaNa dhAraNa karate the tathA jinheM vastraRddhi prApta ho jAtI thI, unakI nagnatA binA vastra dhAraNa kiye hI Dha~ka jAtI thI, zeSa jinakalpiyoM ko eka, do yA tIna kalpa (cAdara - kambala) dhAraNa karane kI anumati thI, jinase ve zarIra ko AcchAdita kara guhyAMga kA gopana karate the / ataH sthavirakalpiyoM ke samAna ve bhI na acela rahate the, na nagna / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a01 kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita tarkaprAsAda / 7 isase sAdhu ke lie zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM bhI vihita dasa sthitikalpoM meM se Acelakya sthitikalpa (cela kA sarvathA parityAga kara pUrNa nagna rahanA) aura nAgnyaparISahajaya asaMbhava ho jAte haiM, jisase zvetAmbara sAdhuoM kA AcaraNa Agamaviruddha siddha hotA hai| ataH use AgamAnukUla siddha karane ke lie zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne Acelakya aura nagnatA kA artha hI badala diyaa| unhoMne acelatA ke do bheda kalpita kiye : mukhya aura aupcaarik| jinendra ke sarvathA acela rahane ko tathA vastralabdhiyukta jinakalpI sAdhu ke mukhavastrikA aura rajoharaNa ke atirikta koI laukika vastra dhAraNa na karane ko mukhya acelatA nAma diyA tathA phaTe purAne (jIrNazIrNa) vastra pahanane ko aupacArika acelatA khaa| mukhya acelatA kA adhikArI tIrthaMkaroM aura vastralabdhiyukta jinakalpika sAdhuoM ko batalAyA tathA aupacArika acelatA kA adhikArI zeSa sAdhuoM ko| yaha bhI kalpita kara liyA ki vartamAnakAla meM mukhya acelatA saMyamopakArI nahIM hai, aupacArika acelatA se hI saMyama sambhava hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne vastradhArI sAdhuoM meM bhI upacAra se acelatA yA nagnatA ghaTita kara unheM Acelakya sthitikalpa kA pAlaka evaM nAgnyaparISaha kA vijetA siddha kara diyaa| isa kalpanA kI kapolakalpitatA kA anAvaraNa tRtIya adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| sagrantha meM nirgrantha kI kalpanA jinAgama meM parigraha ko grantha kahA gayA hai| yaha do prakAra kA hai : abhyantara aura baahy| mithyAtva-kaSAyAdi abhyantaraparigraha kahalAte haiM aura vastrapAtrAdi baahyprigrh| jisa sAdhu ke pAsa donoM prakAra ke granthoM kA abhAva hotA hai, vahI nirgrantha kahalAtA hai| zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke pAsa vastrapAtrAdi bAhyaparigraha kA sadbhAva hotA hai, ataH ve nirgrantha nahIM kahalA skte| phalasvarUpa ve bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA ke sAdhu bhI nahIM kahalA skte| isa samasyA se nipaTane ke lie zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne vastrapAtrAdi bAhyaparigraha ko grantha mAnanA hI chor3a diyaa| unhoMne yaha ghoSita kara diyA ki vastrapAtrAdi bAhyaparigraha saMyama kA sAdhana hone se 'grantha' kI paribhASA meM nahIM aataa| ataH bAhyagrantha rahate hue bhI kevala Abhyantaragrantha kA abhAva hone se zvetAmbara sAdhu 'nirgrantha' saMjJA 1. ka-hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gaa.2598-2601| kha-"ihAcelakyaM dvidhA-mukhyamaupacArikaM c| tatra mukhyaM tIrthakRtAM kasyacijjinakalpikasya c|" pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti / 1/2/6/ pR.75 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 1 8 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kA pAtra hai / isa prakAra unhoMne sagrantha meM bhI nirgrantha kI kalpanA kara lii| isa kalpanA kI kapolakalpitatA kA pradarzana dvitIya adhyAya meM kiyA jAyegA / 13 mUlasaMgha ke yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrvanAma hone kI kalpanA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA praNIta nirapavAda yA aikAntika acelatIrtha kA anugamana karanevAle zramaNasaMgha kA nAma nirgranthasaMgha hai| usase zvetAmbarasaMgha kA udbhava huA thA, ataH nirgranthasaMgha mUlasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huA / kintu muni kalyANavijaya jI evaM unake anugAmI DaoN0 sAgaramala jI mAnate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarvathA acelaliMga ko nahIM, apitu acela aura sacela, donoM liMgoM ko mukti kA mArga batalAyA hai| ataH ve mAtra acelaliMga se mukti mAnanevAle nirgranthasaMgha ko bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa mokSamArga kA anugAmI nahIM mAnate, apitu vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM AcArya kundakunda dvArA pravartita mokSamArga kA anugAmI mAnate haiM / kintu mUlasaMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha dakSiNa bhArata ke noNamaMgala nAmaka sthAna meM prApta do tAmrapatroM meM milatA hai, jo kramazaH IsavI san 370 aura 425 ke mAne jAte haiN| isase nirgranthaparamparA vikrama kI chaThI zatI se bahuta pahale kI siddha hotI hai, jisase ukta vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA galata ThaharatI hai| isalie ve isa bAta ke lie bAdhya hue ki mUlasaMgha aura nirgranthasaMgha eka hI haiM, isa satya ko miTA diyA jaay| ataH muni kalyANavijaya jI ne yaha mithyA pracAra kiyA ki "mUlasaMgha yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrvanAma thaa| jaba uttara bhArata meM zivabhUti ne apanA nayA mata calAyA, taba usane prAraMbha meM apane sampradAya kA nAma 'mUlasaMgha' rakhA, lekina dakSiNa bhArata meM jAne para vaha 'yApanIya' nAma se prasiddha huaa| "3 DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI muni jI ke mata kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, kintu ve mAnate haiM ki ukta sampradAya ke dakSiNa meM pahu~cane para hI vaha pahale mUlasaMgha ke nAma se abhihita huA aura usake lagabhaga sau varSa bAda use 'yApanIya' nAma milaa| donoM vidvAnoM ke kathanoM meM yaha virodha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki unakI mAnyatAe~ pramANoM para AdhArita nahIM haiM, balki managar3haMta haiN| isakA vivecana 'yApanIya saMgha kA itihAsa' nAmaka saptama adhyAya meM kiyA jAyegA / 2. dekhiye, saptama adhyAya / tRtIya prakaraNa / 3. dekhiye, dvitIya adhyAya / dvitIya prakaraNa / zIrSaka 3 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 1 kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita tarkaprAsAda / 9 14 kundakundasAhitya meM dArzanika vikAsa kI kalpanA suprasiddha zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 dalasukha jI mAlavaNiyA ne AcArya kundakunda ko tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti se, jinakA samaya unake anusAra IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI hai, paravartI siddha karane ke lie kundakunda ke granthoM meM dArzanika vikAsavAda kI kalpanA kI hai| ve likhate haiM " tattvArtha aura AcArya kundakunda ke granthagata dArzanika vikAsa kI ora yadi dhyAna diyA jAya, to vAcaka umAsvAti ke tattvArthagata jainadarzana kI apekSA A0 kundakunda ke granthagata jainadarzana kA rUpa vikasita hai, yaha kisI bhI darzanika se chipA nahIM raha sktaa| ata eva donoM ke samayavicAra meM isa pahalU ko bhI yathAyogya sthAna avazya denA cAhie / ' 14 yaha dArzanika vikAsavAda kapolakalpita hai| isakA sapramANa, sayuktika pratipAdana ' AcArya kundakunda kA samaya' nAmaka dazama adhyAya ( prakaraNa 4) meM draSTavya hai / 15 zivamAra meM zivakumAra kI kalpanA pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI ne AcArya kundakunda kA astitva IsA kI AThavIM zatI meM siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| AcArya jayasena ne 'paMcAstikAya' aura 'pravacanasAra' kI TIkAoM meM likhA hai ki AcArya kundakunda ne ina granthoM kI racanA zivakumAra mahArAja ke pratibodhanArtha kI thii| DaoN0 ke0 bI0 pAThaka ne zivakumAra mahArAja kA samIkaraNa pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke kadambavaMzIya rAjA zivamRgezavarmA se tathA pro0 e0 cakravartI ne prathama zatI I0 ke pallavarAja zivaskanda svAmI se kiyA hai| pro0 DhAkI ne isa samIkaraNa ko asvIkAra karate hue AThavIM zatI I0 ke kisI rAjA se samIkaraNa karane ke lie gaMgavaMzIya rAjA zivamAra dvitIya ko zivakumAra mahArAja ghoSita kara diyA, jisase kundakunda ko AThavIM zatI I0 kA siddha kiyA jA ske| isI prakAra AcArya jayasena ne 'paJcAstikAya' kI tAtparyavRtti meM kundakunda ko kumAranandi- siddhAntadeva kA ziSya batalAyA hai| inakA samIkaraNa pro0 DhAkI ne AThavIM zatAbdI I0 ke eka kumAranandI bhaTTAraka se kiyA hai| ye donoM samIkaraNa aprAmANika 4. nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti / prastAvanA / pR. 103 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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10 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 1 / isakA sapramANa spaSTIkaraNa 'AcArya kundakunda kA samaya' nAmaka dazama adhyAya ( prakaraNa 6 ) meM dekhanA cAhie / 16 aneka digambaragranthoM ke yApanIyagrantha hone kI kalpanA sarvaprathama digambara vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne san 1939 I0 meM 'anekAnta' (mAsika) meM 'yApanIyasAhitya' zIrSaka se eka zodhalekha prakAzita kiyA thA / usameM unhoMne digambaragrantha 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' aura usakI 'vijayodayATIkA' ko yApanIyaAcAryoM dvArA racita batalAyA hai| unhoMne apane grantha 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' ke dvitIya saMskaraNa (pR. 521 - 553 ) meM umAsvAmIkRta 'tattvArthasUtra' evaM vaTTakera-racita 'mUlAcAra' ko bhI yApanIyaparamparA kA grantha batalAyA hai / 'premI' jI se dizAnirdeza pAkara zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne apane grantha 'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra' (san 1941 ) meM 'bhagavatI - ArAdhanA' aura 'mUlAcAra' ko yApanIyaparamparA ke granthoM ke rUpa meM udAhRta kiyA hai| 'premI' jI ke grantha se hI mArgadarzana prApta kara digambara viduSI zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ne 'yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya' nAmaka grantha meM mUlAcAra, bhagavatIArAdhanA, usakI vijayodayATIkA, tattvArthasUtra, sanmatisUtra, harivaMzapurANa tathA bRhatkathAkoza ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| ina samasta granthakAroM dvArA nirmita bhUmikA para ArUr3ha hokara mAnanIya DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne apanA vizAla grantha 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' racA aura usameM uparyukta granthoM ko zAmila kara nimnalikhita 16 digambaragranthoM ko yApanIya paramparA kA grantha batalAyA haihai - 1. kasAyapAhuDa, 2. kasAyapAhuDa - cUrNisUtra, 3. SaTkhaNDAgama, 4. bhagavatIArAdhanA, 5. bhagavatI - ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA, 6. mUlAcAra, 7. tiloyapaNNattI, 8. raviSeNakRta padmapurANa, 9. varAGgacarita, 10. harivaMzapurANa, 11. svayambhUkRta paumacariu, 12. bRhatkathAkoza, 13. chedapiNDa, 14. chedazAstra, 15. pratikramaNa-granthatrayI, 16. bRhatprabhAcandra-kRta tattvArthasUtra / - 1. gRdhrapicchAcAryakRta digambaragrantha tattvArthasUtra ko, jise paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne yApanIyagrantha mAnA hai aura zvetAmbaraparamparA zvetAmbaragrantha mAnatI hai, use DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA arthAt zvetAmbara - yApanIya- mAtRparamparA kA grantha ghoSita kiyA hai / 2. AcArya siddhasenakRta sanmatisUtra bhI digambaragrantha hai / 5. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa / dvitIya saMskaraNa / pR.56 - 73 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita tarkaprAsAda / 11 a0 1 use zvetAmbara apanI paramparA kA grantha mAnate haiM, kintu DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne use bhI uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA meM racita batalAyA hai| isake viparIta DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye aura unakA anusaraNa karanevAlI zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paTeriyA ne usakI yApanIyagrantha ke rUpa meM pahacAna kI hai / isa prakAra 16 digambara granthoM ko yApanIyaparamparA kA aura 2 granthoM ko yApanIyaparamparA kA bhI, zvetAmbaraparamparA kA bhI tathA zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI kapola kalpita mAtRparamparA kA bhI batalAyA gayA hai / zvetAmbaramuni zrI hemacandravijaya jI ne kasAyapAhuDa aura usake cUrNisUtroM ko zvetAmbaragrantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| ina mahAnubhAvoM ne yaha mahAn kArya pUrNataH aTakaloM aura apanI svacchanda kalpanAoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai, jisake pramANa prastuta grantha ke uttaravartI adhyAyoM meM draSTavya haiN| Age nirdiSTa cAra matoM ( kra. 17-20 ) kI kalpanA 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' grantha ke lekhaka ne digambarAcAryoM dvArA racita granthoM ko yApanIyoM dvArA racita siddha karane ke lie kI hai| 17 guNasthAna- siddhAnta ke vikAsa kI kalpanA lekhaka ne yaha kalpanA kI hai ki caudaha guNasthAnoM kA upadeza jinendradeva ne nahIM diyA thA, apitu uttarakAlIna AcAryoM ne naye-naye guNasthAnoM kA AviSkAra karate hue caudaha guNasthAnoM kA vikAsa kiyA hai| yaha kArya cauthI zatAbdI I0 ke anta taka pUrNa huaa| isa kalpita mata kA prayoga lekhaka ne yaha siddha karane ke lie kiyA hai ki jina kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI - ArAdhanA Adi digambaragranthoM meM guNasthAnoM kA pUrNa varNana milatA hai athavA guNasthAnAnusAra jIva ke pariNAmoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, unakI racanA cauthI zatAbdI I0 ke pazcAt huI hai / aura cU~ki ina granthoM meM zvetAmbaragranthoM kI gAthAe~ milatI haiM, ataH ye uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA ke uttarAdhikAriyoM dvArA racita haiM / yataH zvetAmbaragrantha ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM race gaye haiM aura uparyukta granthoM kI bhASA zaurasenI hai, ataH ye zvetAmbaragrantha nahIM hai / isalie nizcita hotA hai ki inakI racanA ukta paramparA ke dUsare uttarAdhikArI yApanIyoM dvArA kI gaI hai| isa guNasthAna - vikAsavAdI kalpanA kI kalpitatA 'AcArya kundakunda kA samaya' nAmaka dazama adhyAya meM siddha kI jAyegI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 18 saptabhaMgI ke vikAsa kI kalpanA saptabhaMgI-vikAsavAda bhI DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kI aisI hI kalpanA hai / ve likhate haiM--"umAsvAti ke 'tattvArtha' meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI anupasthiti spaSTarUpa se yaha sUcita karatI hai ki ye avadhAraNAe~ unake kAla taka astitva meM nahIM AyI thIM, anyathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura karmasiddhAnta ke AdhArabhUta guNasthAnasiddhAnta ko ve kaise chor3a sakate the?" (jai. dha. yA.sa./ pR. 249-250 ) / Age likhate haiM- " phira bhI itanA sunizcita hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra ve hI Agama grantha rahe haiM, jo kvacit pAThabhedoM ke sAtha zvetAmbaroM meM Aja bhI pracalita haiM aura yApanIyoM meM bhI pracalita the| isase isa bhrAnti kA bhI nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kA AdhAra SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke grantha haiM, kyoMki ye grantha tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA paryApta paravartI haiM aura guNasthAna, saptabhaMgI Adi paravartI yuga meM vikasita avadhAraNAoM ke ullekhoM se yukta haiN|" (jai. dha. yA.sa./ pR. 252 ) / a0 1 isa kathana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne nayapramANa- saptabhaMgI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA praNIta na mAna kara paravartI AcAryoM dvArA cauthI zatAbdI I0 ke anta taka vikasita kiyA gayA mAnA hai aura aisA mAnane kA uddezya hai AcArya dharasena evaM kundakunda ko umAsvAti se arvAcIna siddha karanA / isa saptabhaMgI - vikAsavAda kI kapolakalpitatA bhI dazama adhyAya meM udghATita kI jAyegI / 19 yApanIyoM dvArA ardhamAgadhI-AgamoM ke zaurasenIkaraNa kI kalpanA tIsarI kalpanA yaha kI gaI hai ki uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA (zvetAmbara -yApanIyoM kI mAtRparamparA) ke Agama ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM the / yApanIyoM ko jaba ve uttarAdhikAra meM prApta hue, taba unhoMne unheM zaurasenI prAkRta meM rUpAntarita kara diyaa| isalie zaurasenI meM hote hue bhI ve digambaragrantha nahIM hai, apitu yApanIyagrantha haiN| yahA~ eka atyanta sIdhAsAdA prazna uThatA hai ki Akhira yApanIyoM ne ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA zaurasenIkaraNa kyoM kiyA, jaba ki ardhamAgadhI zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra divyadhvani kI bhASA thI aura pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 meM valabhIvAcanA ke samaya taka acchI taraha samajhI aura prayukta kI jAtI thI? isase unheM kyA lAbha huA ? isa prazna kA koI samAdhAna na hone se siddha hai ki yaha mAtra eka kapolakalpanA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 1 kAlpanika sAmagrI se nirmita tarkaprAsAda / 13 20 digambaragranthoM meM yApanIyamata-viruddha kathanoM ke prakSepa kI kalpanA digambaragranthoM ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kA rAstA sApha karane ke lie mAnya grantha-lekhaka ne cauthI kalpanA yaha kI hai ki 'tiloyapaNNatti' Adi granthoM meM jo yApanIyamata-virodhI kathana upalabdha hote haiM, ve prakSipta haiM / lekhaka kI yaha kalpanA arAjakatA macA denevAlI hai| isa taraha to kisI bhI sampradAya ke grantha ko kisI bhI anya sampradAya kA siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara - AgamoM ke digambaramatavirodhI aMzoM ko prakSipta mAnakara unheM digambaraparamparA kA siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai aura kundakunda ke granthoM ke zvetAmbaramata-virodhI kathanoM ko prakSipta kahakara unheM zvetAmbaragrantha ghoSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| inake atirikta anya mithyAmatoM kI bhI kalpanA kI gaI hai, jinakA nirdeza yathAsthAna kiyA jAyegA / 21 svAbhISTa kalpita- zabdAdi kA AropaNa ukta grantha-lekhaka mahodaya ne digambaragranthoM meM prarUpita maulika zabda, artha aura lakSaNa ko amAnya kara unake sthAna meM svAbhISTa kalpita zabda, artha aura lakSaNa kA AropaNa karake bhI svAbhISTa kI siddhi kA prayatna kiyA hai / yathA 1. kalpita zabda- guNadhara, dharasena, puSpadanta aura bhUtabali nAmoM ke prayoga ko galata kahakara kalpanA kI gaI hai ki ve vastutaH zvetAmbara - sthavirAvaliyoM meM ullikhita guNandhara, vajrasena, pusagiri aura bhUtadinna nAma haiM, isalie ve digambarAcAryoM ke nAma na hokara uttarabhArata ke sacelAcela-nirgrantha- saMgha ke ( jisase unhoMne zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI utpatti mAnI hai) AcAryoM ke nAma haiN| ataH unake dvArA racita kasAyapAhuDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama grantha bhI usI paramparA ke haiM, digambaraparamparA ke nahIM / 2. kalpita artha - 'Arya' aura 'yati' zabdoM ko yApanIya - AcAryoM kI upAdhi mAna kara zivArya aura yativRSabha ko yApanIya AcArya mAna liyA gayA hai| aparAjitasUri ne apavAdaliMga kA artha 'gRhasthaliMga' kiyA hai| use asvIkAra kara usakA 'savastra muniliMga' artha kalpita kiyA gayA hai, aura isa kalpita artha ko hetu banAkara 'bhagavatI - ArAdhanA' ko savastramukti kA samarthaka yApanIyagrantha ghoSita kara diyA gayA hai| jo 'anuyogadvAra' zabda 'nirUpaNadvAra' ke artha meM prayukta hai, usake viSaya meM yaha kalpanA kara lI gayI hai ki vaha 'anuyogadvArasUtra' nAmaka zvetAmbaragrantha kA vAcaka hai, ataH For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a01 usakA ullekha karane se 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' grantha uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke uttarAdhikArI yApanIya AcArya dvArA racita hai| 3. kalpita lakSaNa-savastramukti, strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi yApanIyasiddhAntoM kA pratipAdaka honA yApanIyagrantha kA lakSaNa hai| aise grantha kA kartA honA yApanIyagranthakAra kA lakSaNa hai| kintu 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' meM ye lakSaNa upalabdha nahIM hote / phira bhI usake kartA zivArya ko isa kAraNa yApanIya mAna liyA gayA hai ki unake guruoM ke nAma digambara paTTAvaliyoM meM nahIM milte| isa prakAra kalpita lakSaNa ke AdhAra para eka digambaragrantha para yApanIyagrantha kI mohara lagA dii| kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi digambaragranthoM meM bhI yApanIyagrantha ke lakSaNa nahIM hai, kintu unakI kucha gAthAe~ zvetAmbaragranthoM kI gAthAoM se milatI-julatI haiM, ataH ise hI yApanIyagrantha kA lakSaNa mAna liyA gayA aura isa kalpita lakSaNa ke AdhAra para nirNaya de diyA gayA ki ye grantha yApanIya-AcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ haiN| ina kAlpanika matoM evaM kalpita zabdAdi ko heturUpa meM prastuta kara zvetAmbara santoM evaM vidvAnoM ne digambaramata ko arvAcIna, atIrthaMkara-praNIta nihnavamata, lajjAjanaka, saMyamavirodhI, mokSa ke pratikUla evaM agrAhya, AcArya kundakunda ko vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM utpanna tathA digambarasAhitya ko yApanIya yA zvetAmbara AcAryoM dvArA racita siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| isalie ina matoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana sarvaprathama Avazyaka hai, jisase jahA~ bhI inakA heturUpa meM prayoga kara uparyukta nirNaya karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ pAThakoM ko yaha samajhane meM dera na lage ki yaha hetu kapolakalpita hai, isalie isase kiyA gayA nirNaya bhI kapolakalpita hai, mithyA hai| ataH agale adhyAya meM yahI kiyA jA rahA hai| ina hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA dRSTigocara ho jAne para pAThaka pAyeMge ki aisA koI bhI hetu vidyamAna nahIM hai, jo digambaramata ko arvAcIna, atIrthaMkara-praNIta nihnavamata, lajjAjanaka, saMyamavirodhI evaM mokSamArga ke pratikUla tathA digambaragranthoM ko yApanIyagrantha yA zvetAmbaragrantha evaM AcArya kundakunda ko Isottara prathama zatAbdI ke bAda kA siddha kara ske| vibhinna adhyAyoM meM prastuta kiye jAnevAle pramANoM aura yuktiyoM kA parAmarza kara vijJa pAThakoM ke jJAnacakSu isa tathya kA sAkSAtkAra kareMge ki savastramukti-virodhI digambaraparamparA aitihAsika dRSTi se kama se kama pA~ca hajAra varSa purAnI hai aura kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM ke kartA digambarAcArya hI haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya adhyAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya adhyAya kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana prathama prakaraNa tIrthaMkaroM kA savastratIrthopadezakatva pramANaviruddha zvetAmbarAcArya zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa (sAtavIM zatAbdI I0) ne yaha likhA hai ki koI bhI tIrthaMkara sarvathA acela nahIM the| sabhI eka vastra grahaNa kara pravrajita hue the, jisase logoM ko yaha upadeza mila sake ki savastra rahane para hI sAdhu ko mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra tIrthaMkaroM ne saceladharma ( jisameM koI na koI vastra zarIra para rakhanA par3atA hai) kA hI pravartana kiyA thaa|' unhoMne kahA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA praNIta AcAra do prakAra kA thA - jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa / sthavirakalpika zramaNa kaTivastra yA colapaTTa dhAraNa karate the tathA do cAdara aura eka kambala bhI rakhate the| Aja bhI unake lie yahI niyama hai / vastralabdhirahita jinakalpika kaTivastra nahIM pahanate the, kintu cAdara yA kambala se zarIra AcchAdita karate the aura mukhavastrikA evaM Unanirmita rajoharaNa grahaNa karate the / vastralabdhimAn jinakalpikoM kA zarIra alaukika AvaraNa se Dha~ka jAtA thA, isalie unheM na kaTivastra dhAraNa karane kI AvazyakatA hotI thI, na cAdara yA kambala rakhane kI / tathApi unake lie mukhavastrikA aura rajoharaNa grahaNa karanA anivArya thaa| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zramaNa paramparA ke sAdhu kisI na kisI rUpa meM sacela (vastrasahita) hI hote Aye haiN| niSkarSa yaha ki jinabhadragaNI 1. ka - tahavi gahiegavatthA savatthatitthovaesaNatthaM ti / abhinikkhamaMti savve tammi cue'celayA huMti // 2583 // vizeSAvazyakabhASya | kha-'"savastrameva tIrthaM 'savastrA eva sAdhavAstIrthe ciraM bhaviSyanti' ityasyArthasyopadezanaM jJApanaM tadarthaM gRhItaikavastrAH sarve'pi tIrthakRto'bhiniSkrAmantIti / tasmiMzca vastre cyute kvApi patite'celakA vastrarahitAste bhavanti, na punaH sarvadA / tataH 'acelakAzca jinendrAH ' ityaikAntikaM yaduktaM tad bhavato'nabhijJatvasUcakameveti bhAvaH / " hema vRtti / vize. bhA. / gA. 2583 / 2. dekhiye, isI adhyAya kA tRtIya prakaraNa / zIrSaka 3.3.1. jinakalpI bhI sacela aura anagna / ' 3. ka - jiNakappiyAdao puNa sovahavo savvakAlamegaMto / For Personal & Private Use Only

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18 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra01 jI kI kalpanAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa dharma sarvathA acela nahIM thA, koI na koI vastra tIrthaMkaroM aura jinakalpika sAdhuoM ke bhI zarIra para rahatA thaa| virodhI pramANa kintu pramANa isake viruddha upalabdha hote haiN| sindhughATI ke utkhanana meM mohenajodar3o aura har3appA (jo aba pAkistAna meM haiM) se I0 pU0 2400 varSa pahale kI sindhusabhyatA ke avazeSa prApta hue haiM, jinameM har3appA se eka mastakavihIna kAyotsarga-dhyAnamudrA meM nagna mUrti upalabdha huI hai| purAtattvavidoM kA mata hai ki yaha jainatIrthaMkara yA digambarajaina sAdhu kI pratimA hai| lohAnIpura (paTanA, bihAra) meM bhI bilakula aisI hI mauryakAlIna (I0 pU0 tRtIya zatAbdI kI) jinapratimA prApta huI hai| donoM pratimAoM meM Azcaryajanaka sAmya hai| isase isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki har3appA se prApta ukta pratimA jinapratimA hI hai| mathurA meM prApta kuSANakAlIna (I0 prathama zatAbdI kI) jina pratimAe~ bhI sarvathA nagna haiN| unake kisI bhI bhAga para koI vastra nahIM hai| guptakAlIna (caturtha zatI I0 kI) jainamUrtiyA~ bhI aisI hI haiN| Rgveda (1500 I0 pU0) meM vAtarazana (vAyurUpI vastravAle) muniyoM evaM ziznadevoM (nagnadevoM) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usameM RSabha aura ariSTanemi ke nAma bhI haiN| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI nirgrantha sAdhuoM kI carcA kI gaI hai aura samrATa azoka ke stambhalekhoM meM nirgranthoM kA ullekha haiN| 'nirgrantha' zabda digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie hI prayukta hotA thA, zvetAmbaramuni 'zvetapaTa zramaNa' aura yApanIyamuni 'yApanIya' nAma se jAne jAte the, yaha dakSiNa ke kadambavaMzIya rAjAoM (pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0) ke abhilekhoM se spaSTa hai| I0 pU0 caturtha zatAbdI ke vaidika-paramparA ke grantha mahAbhArata meM 'nagnakSapaNaka' zabda se digambarajaina muni kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| lagabhaga isI samaya ke 'cANakyazataka' (samrATa candragupta ke pradhAnamaMtrI cANakya ke dvArA racita) meM bhI 'nagnakSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI I0 meM viSNuzarmA dvArA racita 'paJcatantra' meM dharmavRddhi kA AzIrvAda denevAle nagnakSapaNakoM kI kathA varNita hai| tRtIya-caturtha zatAbdI ___ uvagaraNamANamesiM purisAvikkhAe bahubheyaM // 2584 // vishessaavshykbhaassy| kha-"--- yatastIrthakarA api pUrvoktanyAyena na taavdekaanto'celkaaH| jinakalpika svayambuddhAdayaH punaH sarvakAlamekAntena sopadhaya eveti|" hema.vRtti/vize.bhA./gA.2584 / 4. dekhiye, paMcama adhyAya : 'purAtattva meM digambaraparamparA ke prmaann|' 5. dekhiye, caturtha adhyAya : 'jainetara sAhitya meM digambara jaina muniyoM kI crcaa|' 6. dekhiye, isI (dvitIya) adhyAya kA SaSTha prkrnn| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra01 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 19 I. ke 'viSNupurANa' meM mayUrapicchIdhArI digambaramuni ke rUpa meM mAyAmoha ko jainadharma kA pravartaka batalAyA gayA hai| pA~cavIM zatI I0 meM samutpanna prasiddha jyotizzAstrI varAhamihira ne 'nagna', 'digvAsas' aura 'nirgrantha' zabdoM se digambarajaina muniyoM ke astitva kA jJApana kiyA hai| sAtavIM zatI I0 ke suprasiddha saMskRtagadyakavi bANabhaTTa kI 'kAdambarI' aura 'harSacarita' meM digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie 'kSapaNaka', 'nagnATaka' aura 'mayUrapicchadhArI' zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| zvetAmbaragrantha 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' meM bhI mahAvIra dvArA pravartita tIrtha ko acelaka kahA gayA hai, kevala bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke dharma ko saMtaruttara (acela-sacela dvividharUpa) batAyA hai| zrI haribhadrasUri ne kahA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura bhagavAn mahAvIra, donoM ne acelaka dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| ina purAtAttvika evaM sAhityika pramANoM se siddha hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka caubIsoM tIrthaMkara sarvathA acela (sarvAMga evaM sarvakAla vastrarahita) the aura unakI anugAminI zramaNaparamparA bhI sarvathA acela thii| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 'tIrthaMkaroM ne savastratIrtha kA upadeza diyA thA' yaha mata kapolakalpita hai| 7. dekhiye, caturtha adhyaay| 8. acelago ya jo dhammo jo imo sntruttro| desido vaddhamANeNa pAseNa ya mhaajsaa|| 23 / 29 // uttarAdhyayanasUtra / 9. Acelakko dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jinnss| majjhimagANa jiNANaM hoi sacelo acelo y|| 12 // pnycaashk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya prakaraNa zivabhUti yApanIyamata-digambaramata-pravartaka nahIM Avazyakaniyukti (chaThI zatI I0 kA prAraMbhika bhAga),9.1 AvazyakamUlabhASya (chaThI zatI I0 kA antima bhAga),9.2 vizeSAvazyakabhASya (sAtavIM zatI I0),9.2 pravacanaparIkSA (16vIM zatI I0)9.3 Adi zvetAmbaragranthoM meM varNita boTikamatotpattikathA meM kahA gayA hai ki boTika zivabhUti ne vIra ni0 saM0 609 (I0 san 82) meM boTikamata arthAt digambaramata kA pravartana kiyA thaa| bIsavIM sadI I0 ke zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne bhI zvetAmbaragranthoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai-"zvetAmbara jainasaMgha ke aneka naye-purAne granthoM meM digambarasampradAya kA ullekha aura varNana hai, para kahIM bhI inako zvetAmbaroM ne 'AjIvika' athavA 'trairAzika' nahIM khaa| bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM meM sarvatra inako 'boDiya' (boTika) isa nAma se vyavahRta kiyA hai| dasavIM sadI ke bAda ke granthoM meM AzAmbara, digambara, dikpaTa ityAdi nAmoM kA inake lie prayoga huA hai|"(a.bh.m./ pR.278)| kintu muni jI ne apane pUrvAcAryoM ke isa kathana ko amAnya karate hue eka naI kalpanA ko janma diyA hai| vaha yaha ki 'boTika zivabhUti ne digambaramata kA pravartana nahIM kiyA thA, apitu yApanIyamata calAyA thaa| digambaramata kA prArambha vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI (kadambavaMzI rAjA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke samaya 470 I0) meM dakSiNa bhArata ke AcArya kundakunda ne kiyA thaa|' (zra. bha. ma. / pR. 302 / paa.tti.1)| aura isa kalpanA 9.1. Avazyakaniyukti ke kartA bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) kA samaya vikrama saM0 562 (505 ii0)| (DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA : jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa / bhAga 3 / pR. 70) / 9.2. AvazyakamUlabhASya ke kartA ke nAma evaM samaya kA ullekha itihAsa-granthoM meM nahIM miltaa| isakI aneka gAthAe~ vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya meM sammilita kara lI gayI haiN| (jai.sA.bR.i. bhA. 3/ pR. 129-130) / bhASyoM kA racanAkAla niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAla (vikrama saM0 500-600 kA madhya-jai.sA.bR.i./ bhA.3 / pR.70) ke bAda AtA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke kartA zrI jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kA uttarakAla vikrama saM0 650-660 ke AsapAsa mAnA gayA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya unakI antima kRti thii| (jai.sA.ba.i./ bhaa.3/pr.135)| ataH Avazyaka malabhASya kI racanA chaThI zatI I0 ke anta meM huI hogii| 9.3. pravacanaparIkSA kA racanAkAla vikramasaMvat 1629 (I0 san 1572) / (DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina : prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa / pR.287)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 21 ko yuktisaMgata banAne ke lie unhoMne yaha kathA gar3hI hai ki 'kundakunda AraMbha meM zivabhUti dvArA pravartita yApanIyasaMgha meM dIkSita hue the| kintu Age calakara unhoMne yApanIyoM dvArA mAnya zvetAmbarIya AgamoM ko asvIkAra kara diyA aura navIna sAhitya racakara usameM yApanIyoM ke ApavAdika savastraliMga, strImukti, kevalikavalAhAra Adi siddhAntoM ko jinopadeza ke viruddha tthhraayaa| yApanIyasaMgha ke adhikAMza sAdhuoM ne kundakunda ke ina navIna vicAroM kA virodha kiyA, kintu aneka sAdhu unake anuyAyI bana gye| (a.bha.ma./ pR.302-306)| isa prakAra kundakunda ne savastramukti strImukti aura kevalikavalAhAra ke niSedhaka digambara-sampradAya kI nIMva rkhii|' (a.bha.ma./ pR.328)| muni jI ne kundakunda ko digambaramata kA saMsthApaka siddha karane ke lie boTika zivabhUti ko yApanIyamata kA pravartaka ghoSita karate hue kahA hai ki kundakunda prathamataH usake saMgha meM dIkSita hue the| kintu , muni jI kA yaha kathana satya nahIM hai| zivabhUti yApanIyamata kA pravartaka nahIM thA, yaha usI boTikamatotpatti kathA se siddha hotA hai, jisake AdhAra para muni jI ne use yApanIyamata kA pravartaka batalAyA hai| ataH satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie usa boTikamatotpattikathA kA anuzIlana karanA Avazyaka hai| vaha nIce dI jA rahI hai| boTikamatotpatti kathA 'AvazyakamUlabhASya' kI nimnalikhita gAthAoM meM kahA gayA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 609 meM boTika zivabhUti ne boTika (digambara) mata calAyA thA chavvAsasayAiM navuttarAI taiyA siddhiM gayassa viirss| to boDiyANa diTThI rahavIrapure smuppnnnnaa|| 145 // rahavIrapura nagaraM dIvagamujANa ajjakaNhe y| sivabhUissuvahimmi ya pucchA therANa kahaNA y|| 146 // UhAe paNNattaM boDiya-sivabhUi-uttarAhi imN| micchAdaMsaNamiNamo rahavIrapure samuppaNNaM // 147 // boDiya-sivabhUIo boDiyaliMgassa hoi uppttii| koDiNNa-koTTavIrA prNpraaphaasmuppnnnnaa|| 148 // 10 10. ka-Avazyakaniyukti / gAthA 783 kI hAribhadrIyavRtti meM uddhRt| For Personal & Private Use Only

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22 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 anuvAda-"bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukti ko prApta hone ke 609 varSa bAda 'rahavIrapura' nAmaka nagara meM boTikamata kI utpatti huii| (145) / rahavIrapura nagara ke dIpaka udyAna meM guru AryakRSNa se zivabhUti ne upadhi (parigraha) ke viSaya meM prazna kiyA thaa| guru ne usakA uttara bhI diyA thaa| (146) / phira bhI boTika zivabhUti aura usakI bahina uttarA ke dvArA svabuddhi se yaha mithyAdarzana rahavIrapura meM pracalita kiyA gyaa| (147) / boTika zivabhUti se boTikaliMga kI utpatti huI aura kauNDinya tathA koTTavIra nAmaka ziSyoM kI paramparA se usakA vikAsa huaa|" (148) / __ zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambara sAdhu ke lie 'boTika' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, yathA-'kSapaNako bottiko|11 'kSapaNako digmbrH|12 isase siddha hai ki uparyukta gAthAoM meM digambaramata kI hI utpatti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI I0 ke zvetAmbarAcArya zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne bhI Avazyaka-mUlabhASya kI uparyukta gAthAe~ 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' (gA.2550-52) meM samAviSTa kara boTika zivabhUti ko boTikamata kA pravartaka kahA hai| aura boTikamata se unakA Azaya digambaramata se hai, kyoMki unhoMne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM likhA hai ki jinakalpa grahaNa karane ke lie udyata zivabhUti ne guru ke dvArA bahuta samajhAye jAne para bhI mithyAtva ke vazIbhUta ho jinamata meM azraddhA karate hue vastra tyAga diye iya paNNavio vi bahuM so micchttodyaakuliybhaavo| jiNamayamasaddahaMto chaDDiyavattho smujjaao|| 2606 // gaNI jI ne kahA hai ki boTikoM ke mata, liMga (veza) aura caryA jainoM (zvetAmbaroM) kha-'AvazyakamUlabhASya' AvazyakasUtra para likhe gaye mUlabhASya kA nAma hai| "AvazyakasUtra para tIna bhASya likhe gaye haiM : 1. mUlabhASya, 2. bhASya aura 3. vishessaavshykbhaassy| prathama do bhASya bahuta hI saMkSiptarUpa meM likhe gaye aura unakI aneka gAthAe~ vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sammilita kara lI gyiiN| --- upalabdha bhASyoM kI pratiyoM ke AdhAra para kevala do bhASyakAroM ke nAma kA patA lagatA hai| ve haiM AcArya jinabhadra aura sNghdaasgnnii| AcArya jinabhadra ne do bhASya likhe haiM : vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura jiitklpbhaassy| saMghadAsagaNI ke bhI do bhASya haiM : bRhatkalpabhASya aura pNcklpbhaassy|" (DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA : jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa / bhAga 3/pR. 129-130) / isa kathana se jJAta hotA hai ki 'mUlabhASya' aura 'bhASya' ke kartAoM ke nAma ajJAta haiN| 11. pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti 1/2/3-4/ pR.66 / 12. vahI /1/1/8/ pR.19| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 23 ke mata, liMga aura caryA se bhinna haiM, isalie boTika mithyAdRSTi mAne gaye haiM-"bhinnamayaliMgacariyA micchaddiTThi tti boddiyaa'bhimyaa|" (vishe.bhaa./gaa.2620)| isase sUcita hotA hai ki zivabhUti nagna to ho gayA thA, kintu vaha mukhavastrikA aura rajoharaNa se yukta nahIM thA, jo zvetAmbara jinakalpI sAdhu ke nyUnatama Avazyaka upakaraNa haiN|13 isalie usakA liMga zvetAmbarAgama-kathita jinakalpI-sAdhusadRza nahIM thaa| vRttikAra maladhArI hemacandrasUri (12vIM zatI I0) ne bhI kahA hai ki boTika to dravyaliMga kI apekSA bhI (zvetAmbara jinakalpiyoM aura sthavirakalpiyoM se) bhinna haiN|14 yahA~ smaraNIya hai ki yApanIyoM kA mata zvetAmbaroM ke mata se bhinna nahIM thA tathA yApanIya-sthavirakalpI (savastra) sAdhuoM kA liMga aura caryA bhI zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke liMga aura caryA se samAnatA rakhate the| mAtra digambarasAdhu hI ina tInoM bAtoM meM zvetAmbara sAdhuoM se bhinna hote haiN| ataH jinabhadragaNI ne zivabhUti ko digambaramata kA hI pravartaka kahA hai| kalpasUtra ke vyAkhyAkAra samayasundaragaNI (17 vIM zatI I0) ne bhI boTikamata kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki vIra nirvANa saMvat 609 meM boTikamata arthAt digambaramata utpanna huA thA-"vIrAt saM0 609 varSe boTakamataM jAtaM, digambaramata ityrthH|" (kalpalatAvyAkhyA / kalpasUtra / aSTama vyAkhyAna / pR.235)|| digambaramata ke pravartaka evaM pravRttikAla ke viSaya meM zvetAmbarAcAryoM dvArA kI gaI yaha sabase purAnI kalpanA hai| boTikamatotpatti kathA kA vistAra se varNana vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gA. 2551-2552) kI vRtti meM zrI maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne boTikamatotpatti-kathA kA saMskRta meM vistAra se varNana kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai __ "rathavIrapuraM nAma ngrm| tadvahizca diipkaabhidhaanmudyaanm| tatra cAryakRSNanAmAnaH sUrayaH samAgatAH tasmizca nagare sahasramallaH zivabhUti ma rAjasevakaH smsti| sa ca rAjaprasAdAd vilAsAn kurvan nagaramadhye pryttti| rAtrezca praharadvaye'tikrAnte gRhmaagcchti| 13. "keSAJcijjinakalpAnAM rajoharaNaM mukhavastrikA ceti dvividha updhiH| anyeSAM tu kalpena saha trividhaH, kalpadvayena tu saha caturvidhaH, kalpatrayeNa saha paJcavidhaH---" hema.vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya /gA. 2551-52 / 14. "aSTamaM nagaraM dravyaliGgamAtreNApi bhinnAnAM sarvApalApinAM mahAmithyAdRzAM vakSyamANAnAM boTikanihnavAnAM laaghvaarthmutpttisthaanmuktm|" hema. vRtti / vizeSA.bhA./ gA.2303 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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24 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 tata - etadIyabhAryA tanmAtaraM bhaNati-'nirveditA'haM tvatputreNa, na khalveSa rAtrau velAyAM kdaacidpyaagcchti| tata ujjAgarakeNa bubhukSayA ca bAdhyamAnA pratyahaM tisstthaami|' tatastayA proktam-'vatse! yadyevaM, tarhi tvamadya svapihi, svayamevAhaM jaagrissyaami|' tataH kRtaM vadhvA tathaiva, itarasyAstu jAgratyA rAtripraharadvaye'tikrAnte samAgatya zivabhUtinA proktam- 'dvaarmudghaattyt|' tataH prakupitayA mAtrA proktam-'durnayavidhe! yatratasyAM velAyAM dvArANyuddhATitAni bhavanti tatra gaccha, na punarevaM tava pRSThalagnaH ko'pyatra mrissyti|' tataH kopA'haGkArAbhyAM preryamANo'sau nirgtH| paryaTatA codghATitadvAraH sAdhUpAzrayo dRssttH| tatra ca sAdhavaH kAlagrahaNaM kurvnti| teSAM ca pArve tena vanditvA vrataM yaacitm| taizca 'rAjavallabhaH, mAtrAdibhiramutkalitazca' iti na dttm| tataH khelamallakAd (dIkSAM) gRhItvA svayameva locaH kRtH| sAdhubhirliGgaM smrpitm| vihRtAzca srve'pynytr| kAlAntareNa punarapi ca ttraagtaaH| tato rAjJA zivabhUtebahumUlyaM kambalaratnaM dttm| tata AcAryaiH zivabhUtiruktaH-'kimanena tava sAdhUnAM mArgAdiSvanekAnarthahetunA gRhItena? tatastena gurvapratibhAsenApi saMgopya mUrcchayA tad vidhRtm| gocaracaryAbhizcAgataH pratyahaM tadasau sambhAlayati, na tu kvacidapi vyaapaaryti| tataH 'gurubhirmUchito'yamatra' iti jJAtvA'nyatra dine tamanApRcchayaiva bahirgatasya parokSe tat kambalaratnaM pATayitvA sAdhUnAM pAdaproJchanakAni kRtaani| tato jJAtavyatikaraH kaSAyito'sau tisstthti| anyadA ca sUrayo jinakalpikAn varNayanti, tadyathA jiNakappiyA ya duvihA pANipAyA paDiggahadharA y| pAuraNamapAuraNA ikkikA te bhave duvihaa|| 1 // duga tiga caukka paNagaM nava dasa ekAraseva baarsgN| ee aTTha vigappA jiNakappe hoMti uvhiss|| 2 // "iha keSAJcijjinakalpAnAM rajoharaNaM, mukhavastrikA ceti dvividha upadhiH, anyeSAM tu kalpena saha trividhaH, kalpadvayena tu saha caturvidhaH, kalpatrayeNa saha pnycvidhH| keSAJcittu mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNaM ca, tathA pattaM pattAbaMdho pAyaTThavaNaM; ca paaykesriyaa| paTalAiM rayattANaM ca gocchao paaynijjogo|| 1 // "iti saptavidhaH pAtraniryoga iti, evaM ca nvvidhH| kalpena tu saha dazavidhaH, kalpadvayena sahaikAdazavidhaH, kalpatrayeNa tu samaM dvAdazavidha upadhiH kessaanycijjinklpinaamiti| tadetat zrutvA zivabhUtinA proktam-'yadyevaM, tarhi kimidAnImaudhika aupagrahikazcaitAvAnupadhiH parigRhyate? sa eva jinakalpaH kiM na kriyate? tato gurubhiruktam'jambUsvAmini vyavacchinno'sau saMhananAdyabhAvAt sAmprataM na zakyata eva krtum|' tataH zivabhUtinA proktam-'mayi jIvati sa kiM vyavacchidyate? nanvahameva taM karomi, paralokArthinA For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 25 sa eva niSparigraho jinakalpaH kartavyaH, kiM punaranena kaSAya-bhaya-mUrchAdidoSanidhinA parigrahAnarthena? ata eva zrute nissprigrhtvmuktm| acelakAzca jinendrAH, ato'celataiva sundreti|' tato guruNA proktam-'hanta! yadyevam tarhi dehe'pi kaSAya-bhaya-mUrchAdayo doSAH kasyApi sambhavantIti so'pi vratagrahaNAnantarameva tyaktavyaH praapnoti| yacca zrute niSparigrahatvamuktaM tadapi dharmopakaraNeSvapi mUrchA na kartavyA, mUrchAbhAva eva niSparigrahatvamavaseyam, na punaH sarvathA dharmopakaraNasyApi tyaagH| jinendrA api na sarvathaivAcelakAH 'savve vi egadUseNa niggayA jiNavarA cauvvIsaM' ityaadivcnaat| tadevaM guruNA sthaviraizca yathoktAbhirvakSyamANAbhizca yuktibhiH prajJApyamAno'pi tathAvidhakaSAyamohAdikarmodayAd na svAgrahAd nivRtto'sau, kintu cIvarANi parityajya nirgtH| tatazca bahirudyAne vyavasthitasyAsyottarA nAma bhaginI vandanArthaM gtaa| sA ca tyaktacIvaraM taM bhrAtaramAlokya svayamapi cIvarANi tyktvtii| tato bhikSArthaM nagaramadhye praviSTA gaNikayA dRssttaa| tata itthaM vivastrAM bIbhatsAmimAM dRSTvA 'mA loko'smAsu virAGkSIt' ityanicchintyapi tayA vastraM paridhApitA'sau tata eSa vyatikaro'nayA shiv-bhuuterniveditH| tato'nena 'vivastrA yoSid nitarAM bIbhatsA'tilajjanIyA ca bhavati' iti vicintya proktA'sau-'tiSThatvitthamapi, na tyaktavyaM tvayaitad vstrm| devatayA hi tavedaM prdttmitti|' tataH zivabhUtinA kauNDinya-koTTavIranAmAnau dvau ziSyau diikssitau---| "tasmAt kauNDinya-koTTavIrAt paramparAsparzamAcArya-ziSyasambandhalakSaNamadhikRtyotpannA saJjAtA 'boTikadRSTiH' itydhyaahaarH| ityevaM boTikAH smutpnnaaH|" (hema. vRtti / vize.bhA./ gA. 2551-52) / anuvAda "rathavIrapura nAma kA nagara thaa| usake bAhara dIpaka nAma kA udyAna thaa| usameM AryakRSNa nAma ke AcArya Aye hue the| usa nagara meM sahasramalla zivabhUti nAma kA rAjasevaka rahatA thaa| vaha rAjA kA kRpApAtra thA, isalie maujamastI karate hue nagara meM ghUmatA rahatA thaa| AdhI rAta ko ghara AtA thaa| isase usakI patnI bar3I dukhI thii| eka bAra vaha apanI sAsa se bolI-"Apake putra se maiM parezAna ho gaI huuN| ve rAta meM kabhI bhI samaya para ghara nahIM aate| maiM bhUkhI-pyAsI jAgatI baiThI rahatI huuN|" sAsa ne kahA-"beTI, yadi aisA hai to tuma Aja so jAo, maiM svayaM jaaguuNgii|" bahU ne vaisA hI kiyaa| jaba sAsa jAga rahI thI, taba AdhI rAta ko zivabhUti Akara bolA-"daravAjA kholo|" kruddha mA~ ne jabAba diyA-"duSTa, isa samaya jahA~ daravAjA khulA ho vahA~ calA jaa| tere pIche yahA~ koI prANa nahIM de degaa|" taba krodha aura abhimAna se prerita hokara vaha calA gyaa| eka jagaha usane sAdhuoM ke upAzraya kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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26 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 dvAra khulA huA dekhaa| vahA~ sAdhu kAlagrahaNa15 kara rahe the| unake pAsa jAkara usane vandanA kI aura dIkSA dene kI prArthanA kii| sAdhuoM ne socA ki yaha rAjA kA priya hai aura mAtA se kalaha karake AyA hai, ataH use dIkSA nahIM dii| taba 'khelamallaka' nAmaka kisI sAdhu se dIkSA lekara usane svayaM kezaloca kara liyaa| taba sAdhuoM ne bhI use muniliMga pradAna kara diyaa| phira ve sabhI sAdhu vahA~ se vihAra kara gye| kucha samaya bAda punaH usI nagara meM aaye| taba rAjA ne zivabhUti ko eka bahumUlya kambalaratna bheMTa kiyaa| AcArya ne zivabhUti se kahA-"tumane ise kyoM liyaa| mArga Adi meM isase aneka tarahakI vipattiyA~ A sakatI haiN|" zivabhUti ne mUrchA ke vazIbhUta ho use guru se chipAkara rakha diyaa| vaha gocaracaryA se Akara pratidina use sa~bhAlatA thA aura usakA kahIM bhI upayoga nahIM karatA thaa| taba AcArya ne socA-yaha isameM mUrchita ho gayA hai, ataH dUsare dina jaba vaha bAhara gayA thA, taba unhoMne usase binA pUche hI usa kambalaratna ko phAr3akara sAdhuoM ke lie pA~vapauMchane banA diye| jaba zivabhUti ko yaha patA calA to vaha kruddha ho gyaa| eka dina AcArya jinakalpika sAdhuoM kA varNana kara rahe the, yathA "jinakalpika do prakAra ke hote haiM : pANipAtra aura pratigrahadhara (paatrdhaarii)| inameM se pratyeka ke saprAvaraNa aura aprAvaraNa ye do bheda haiN| _ "jinakalpa meM upadhi ke do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca, nau, dasa, gyAraha, aura bAraha, ye ATha vikalpa hote haiN|" __ "arthAt kinhIM jinakalpikoM ke rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA ye do hI upadhiyA~ hotI hai, kinhIM ke eka kalpa (prAvaraNa-cAdara yA kambala) ko milAkara tIna, kinhIM ke do kalpoM ko milAkara cAra, kinhIM ke tIna kalpoM ko milakAra pA~ca upadhiyA~ hotI haiM, aura kinhIM ke mukhavastrikA evaM rajoharaNa tathA___ "pAtra, pAtrabandha, pAtrasthApana, pAtra-kesarikA (pAtrapramArjanikA) paTala, rajastrANa aura gucchaka, yaha saptavidha pAtraniryoga, "isa prakAra nau upadhiyA~ hotI haiN| inake sAtha eka kalpa ko milAkara kinhIM ke pAsa dasa, do kalpoM ko milAkara kinhIM ke pAsa gyAraha aura tIna kalpoM ko milAkara kinhIM jinakalpikoM ke pAsa bAraha upadhiyA~ hotI haiN|" 15. "kAlagrahaNa = satra/zAstra kA nayA pATha grahaNa karane ke pUrva vAtAvaraNa, vasati (upAzraya) evaM mana kI zaddhi ke nimitta kiyA jAnevAlA anusstthaan| --- zAstrAbhyAsa ke lie dina meM cAra bAra kAlagrahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai|" (kharataragacchAlaMkAra-zrI jinaprabhasUrikRta 'vidhimArgaprapA'/ anuvAda : sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI/ pariziSTa 3/ pR. 21) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 27 "jinakalpika sAdhuoM kA yaha varNana sunakara zivabhUti ne kahA-"yadi aisA hai, to itanI audhika aura aupagrahika upadhi kA parigraha kyoM kiyA jAtA hai? usI jinakalpa ko aMgIkAra kyoM nahIM kiyA jAtA?" "taba guru ne kahA-"jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda jinakalpa kA viccheda ho cukA hai| saMhanana Adi ke abhAva meM aba usakA AcaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai|" ___ "zivabhUti bolA-"mere rahate usakA viccheda kaise ho sakatA hai? maiM use dhAraNa kruuNgaa| paralokArthI (mokSArthI) ko vahI niSparigraha jinakalpa dhAraNa karanA caahie| yaha parigraha to kaSAya, bhaya, mUrchA Adi : doSoM kA kAraNa hai, ataH anartharUpa hai| isIlie zruta meM niSparigrahatva kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| jinendra bhI acelaka the, ataH acelatA hI sundara hai (mokSa kA prAmANika, samyak mArga hai)|" "taba guru ne kahA-"yadi aisA hai, to zarIra ko bhI vratagrahaNa ke anantara hI chor3a denA jarUrI ho jAyegA, kyoMki usake hone para bhI kisI meM kaSAya, bhaya, mUrchA Adi doSa utpanna ho sakate haiN| aura zruta meM jo niSparigrahatva kA upadeza hai, usakA to yaha artha hai ki dharmopakaraNoM meM bhI mUrchA nahIM karanI caahie| mUrchA kA abhAva hI niSparigrahatva hai, na ki dharmopakaraNoM kA bhI sarvathA tyaag| aura jinendra bhI sarvathA acelaka nahIM the, kyoMki Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhI caubIsa tIrthaMkara eka vastra lekara pravrajita hue the|" ___ "isa prakAra guru tathA sthaviroM ke dvArA samajhAye jAne para bhI kaSAya-mohAdikarmoM ke udaya se zivabhUti ne apanA Agraha nahIM chor3A aura vastra tyAga kara nikala gyaa| jaba vaha bAhara udyAna meM baiThA thA, taba usakI bahana uttarA vandanA karane ke liye AyI aura apane bhAI ko nirvastra dekhakara usane bhI vastra tyAga diye| pazcAt bhikSA ke liye nagara meM gayI, to usa para eka gaNikA kI najara pdd'ii| gaNikA ne socA ki nirvastra avasthA meM yaha bIbhatsa lagatI hai| striyoM kI isa bIbhatsatA ko dekhakara kahIM loga hamase virakta na ho jAya~, yaha socakara uttarA ke na cAhate hue bhI gaNikA ne use vastra pahanA diye| uttarA ne yaha ghaTanA zivabhUti ko btlaaii| taba zivabhUti ne socA ki nagna strI atyanta bIbhatsa evaM lajjAspada lagatI hai, ataH usane apanI bahina se kahA-"tuma aisI hI raho, isa vastra kA parityAga mata kro| yaha vastra tumheM devatA ne pradAna kiyA hai|" tatpazcAt zivabhUti ne kauNDinya aura koTTavIra nAma ke do ziSyoM ko dIkSita kiyaa| ina ziSyoM se boTika zivabhUti kI guru-ziSya-paramparA kA udbhava huA, jisase boTikamata kI utpatti huii|" For Personal & Private Use Only

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28 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 ___ AvazyakamUlabhASya kI pUrvoddhRta gAthAoM se boTika zabda kA artha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| 148 vI gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki boTika zivabhUti se boTikaliMga kI utpatti huii| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki 'boTika' zabda zivabhUti ke gotra athavA usake sAtha jur3I kisI upAdhi kA vAcaka hai| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki vaha usake AdhI-AdhI rAta taka svacchanda bhramaNa karane vAle caritra kA sUcaka koI lokapracalita zabda ho| usa boTika zivabhUti ke dvArA pracalita kiye jAne ke kAraNa yaha mata boTikamata ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| muni kalyANavijaya jI ke managaDhanta niSkarSa isa kathA kI samIkSA karate hue muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI likhate haiM-"zivabhUti ne AryakRSNa se upadhi na rakhane ke sambandha meM jo dalIleM kI haiM, unakA sAra itanA hI hai ki 'upadhi' kaSAya, mUrchA aura bhaya ityAdi kA kAraNa hai| unhoMne yaha nahIM kahA ki upadhi rakhane se mukti hI nahIM hotii|---ydypi zivabhUti ne vastrapAtra na rakhane kA utkRSTa jinakalpa svIkArA thA, Age jAkara unheM anubhava huA ki isa prakAra kA utkRSTamArga adhika samaya taka calanA kaThina hai| ata eva unhoMne sAdhuoM kA ApavAdika liMga bhI svIkAra kiyaa| (zra.bha.ma. / pR.296)| "eka vyakti kaisA bhI AcaraNa kara sakatA hai, para vaisA hI AcaraNa karanevAloM kI paramparA jArI rakhanA sarala nhiiN| ---pariNAmasvarUpa apane mArga ko unhoMne AcArAGgokta mUla sthaviramArga meM parigaNita kiyA aura jo isa utsargamArga ko na pAla sakeM, unake liye usI sUtra ke anusAra kucha vastra-pAtra rakhane kI vyavasthAvAlA apavAdamArga bhI niyata kiyaa| "yadyapi zivabhUti ke sampradAya kA udbhava uttarApatha meM huA thA, para vahA~ usakA adhika pracAra nahIM ho skaa| kAraNa spaSTa hai| prAcIna sthavirasaMgha kA una dinoM vahA~ pUrNa prAbalya phailA huA thA aura mathurA ke AsapAsa ke 96 gA~voM meM to jainadharma rAjadharma ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA thaa| isa sthiti meM zivabhUti yA unake anuyAyiyoM kA vahA~ TikanA bahuta kaThina thaa| isa kaThinAI ke kAraNa usa sampradAya ne udhara se haTakara dakSiNApatha kI tarapha prayANa kiyA, jahA~ AjIvika-saMpradAya ke pracAra ke kAraNa pahale hI nagna sAdhuoM kI tarapha jana-sAdhAraNa kA sadbhAva thaa| vahA~ jAne para isa sampradAya kI bhI acchI kadara huI aura dhIre-dhIre vaha pagabhara ho gyaa| yadyapi isa sampradAyavAloM ne apane saMpradAya kA nAma 'mUlasaMgha' rakkhA thA, para dakSiNa meM jAne ke bAda ve 'yApanIya' aura 'khamaNa' ina nAmoM se adhika prasiddha hue| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 29 "prAcIna sthavira paramparA meM pratidina zaithilya ke bhAva bar3ha rahe the| bastI meM rahanA to unhoMne pahale hI zurU kara liyA thA, aba dhIre-dhIre unameM cAritramArga kI anya zithilatAe~ bhI praveza kara rahI thiiN| yadyapi suvihita gItArtha vyavasthA banAye rakhane ke liye bahuta kucha prayatna kara rahe the, zithilAcAriyoM kA 'pAsatthA' Adi nAmoM se paricaya de unake cepa se bacane ke liye ve sAdhuoM ko upadeza de rahe the, phira bhI nimnagAmI zaithilya-pravAha rokA nahIM jA skaa| vikrama kI pA~cavIM aura chaThI sadI taka 'pAsatthA' Adi nAmoM se pahacAne jAnevAle zithilAcAriyoM ke gA~va-gA~va meM aDDe jamane lage aura ugravihArI suvihitoM kI saMkhyA kama hone lgii| isa sthiti se navIna sthavira (digambara) paramparA ne paryApta lAbha utthaayaa| parimita vastra-pAtra kI chUTa ke kAraNa unake yahA~ sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA khUba bar3hatI gaI aura prAcInakAlIna nagnatAdi utkRSTa kriyAoM ke kAraNa gRhasthavarga bhI pratidina unakI tarapha jhukatA gyaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki vikrama kI pA~cavIM sadI ke AsapAsa jAkara isa paramparA ne apanA svatantra saMgha sthApita kara diyA aura prAcIna sthavira paramparA ke pUrva nAma 'mUlasaMgha' ko apane liye vyavahRta kiyaa| "yadyapi yaha nayA 'mUlasaMgha' taba taka unhIM jaina AgamoM se apanA kAma calAtA thA, tathApi mahAvIra kA garbhApahAra, unakA vivAha Adi aneka bAteM vaha nahIM bhI mAnatA thA aura isa kAraNa vaha dhIre-dhIre apanA nayA sAhitya-nirmANa kiye jAtA thaa| "prAcIna sthaviraparamparA ke adhika sAdhuoM ke zithila aura nityavAsI ho jAne para bhI usameM tyAgI suvihita zrutadharoM kI bhI kamI na thii| navIna paramparA kI utkRSTatA athavA unnati ke kAraNa nahIM, para usake naye vicAra aura katipaya siddhAntabheda ke kAraNa unhoMne isakA phira prativAda karanA zurU kiyA aura pariNAmasvarUpa donoM paramparAvAloM meM tanAtanI bar3hane lgii| chaThI sadI ke vidvAn AcArya kundakunda, devanandI vagairaha ne prAcIna paramparA se majabUta moracA liyaa| pahale jo sUtra, niyukti Adi prAcIna AgamoM ko inake pUrvAcArya mAnate Aye the, inhoMne unakA mAnanA bhI asvIkAra kara diyA aura apane liye AcAra, vicAra aura darzanaviSayaka svatantra sAhitya kI racanA kI, jisameM vastra-pAtra rakhane kA ekAntarUpa se niSedha kiyaa| yadyapi isa aikAntika niSedha ke kAraNa unheM strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA bhI niSedha karanA par3A, kyoMki striyoM ko sarvathA acelaka mAnanA anucita thA aura vastrasahita rahate hue unakI mukti mAna lene para apane vastradhArI pratispardhiyoM kI mukti kA niSedha karanA asaMbhava thaa| isI taraha kevalI kA kavalAhAra mAnane para usake lAne ke liye pAtra bhI mAnanA par3atA aura isa dazA meM pAtradhArI sthaviroM kA khaMDana nahIM karane paate| For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 "ina naye siddhAntoM kI yojanA se unheM apanI paramparAgata ApavAdika liGgapravRtti ko svayaM uThA denA par3A, kyoMki aisA kiye binA ve virodhipakSa kA sAmanA kara nahIM sakate the| "kundakundAcArya Adi ke ina naye siddhAntoM se isa paramparA ko kucha lAbha huA aura kucha hAni bhii| "lAbha yaha huA ki aisI aikAntika acelakavRtti se dakSiNa deza meM, jahA~ pahale se hI AjIvika Adi nagna sampradAyavAloM kA mAna aura pracAra thA, inake anuyAyI gRhasthoM kI saMkhyA kAphI bar3ha gaI aura isa kAraNa sAdhusamudAya meM bhI vRddhi huii| "hAni yaha huI ki inake naye siddhAntoM ko isa paramparA ke sabhI anuyAyiyoM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura pariNAmasvarUpa yaha paramparA jo pahale kevala 'mUlasaMgha' ke nAma se pahacAnI jAtI thI, aba se aneka bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gaI aura usake aneka saMgha bana gaye, jo 'yApanIya saMgha,' 'kASThAsaMgha', 'mAthurasaMgha' vagairaha nAmoM se prasiddha hue aura eka dUsare ko bhalA burA kahane lge|" (a.bha.ma/ pR.301-307)| munijI Age likhate haiM- "digambara zivabhUti ne jo sampradAya calAyA thA, vaha dakSiNa meM jAkara 'yApanIyasaMgha' ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA thaa| yadyapi karnATaka deza meM isakA paryApta mAna aura pracAra thA, tathApi vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga usake sAdhuoM meM kucha caityavAsa kA asara ho gayA thA aura ve rAjA vagairaha kI tarapha se bhUmidAna vagairaha lene laga gaye the| arvAcIna kundakunda jaise tyAgiyoM ko yaha zithilatA acchI nahIM lgii| unhoMne kevala sthUla parigraha kA hI nahIM, balki aba taka isa sampradAya meM jo ApavAdika liMga ke nAma se vastrapAtra kI chUTa thI, usakA bhI virodha kiyA aura taba taka pramANa mAne jAnevAle zvetAmbara Agama granthoM ko bhI ina uddhArakoM ne aprAmANika ThaharAyA aura unhIM AgamoM ke AdhAra para apanI tAtkAlika mAnyatA ke anusAra naye dhArmika granthoM kA nirmANa karanA zurU kiyaa| kundakunda vagairaha jo prAkRta ke vidvAn the, unhoMne prAkRta meM aura devanandI Adi saMskRta ke vidvAnoM ne saMskRta ke grantha nirmANa kara apanI paramparA ko parApekSatA se mukta karane kA udyoga kiyaa| "yadyapi zurU hI zurU meM unheM pUrI saphalatA prApta nahIM huii| yApanIyasaMgha kA adhika bhAga inake kriyoddhAra meM zAmila hI nahIM huA aura zAmila honevAloM meM se bhI bahuta sA bhAga inakI saiddhAntika krAnti ke kAraNa viruddha ho gayA tathA dhIredhIre digambarasaMgha, drAvir3asaMgha Adi kaI bhAgoM meM TUTa gayA thA, tathApi inakA udyoga niSphala nahIM gyaa| inake grantha aura vicAra dhIre-dhIre vidvAnoM ke hRdaya meM ghara karate For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 31 jAte the aura vikrama kI navIM sadI ke akalaMkadeva, vidyAnandI Adi diggaja digambara vidvAnoM ke dvArA tArkika paddhati se parimArjita hone ke uparAnta to ve aura bhI AkarSaka ho gye| phalasvarUpa prAcIna siddhAntoM kA lopa aura ina naye granthoM kA sArvatrika prasAra ho gyaa| "isa prakAra Adhunika digambara sampradAya aura isake zvetAmbara-virodhI siddhAntoM kI nIMva vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM AcArya kundakunda ne ddaalii|" (a.bha.ma.! pR.327-328)| muni kalyANavijaya jI ne pAdaTippaNI meM likhA hai-"kundakundAcArya ne apane kisI bhI grantha meM apanI guruparamparA kA hI nahIM, apane guru kA bhI nAmollekha nahIM kiyaa| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kundakunda ke kriyoddhAra meM unake guru bhI zAmila nahIM hue hoMge aura isI kAraNa se unhoMne zithilAcArI samajhakara apane guru-praguruoM kA nAma-nirdeza nahIM kiyA hogaa|" (zra.bha.ma./ pA.Ti.1/ pR.327)| munizrI kalyANavijaya jI ke Upara uddhRta nimnalikhita zabdoM para dhyAna diyA jAya "chaThI sadI ke vidvAn AcArya kundakunda, devanandI vagairaha ne prAcIna paramparA se majabUta moracA liyaa| pahale jo sUtra, niyukti Adi prAcIna AgamoM ko inake pUrvAcArya mAnate Aye the, inhoMne unakA mAnanA bhI asvIkAra kara diyA--- / " (a.bha.ma/ pR.302-303)| "digambara zivabhUti ne jo sampradAya calAyA thA, vaha dakSiNa meM jAkara 'yApanIyasaMgha' ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA thaa|--- vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga usake sAdhuoM meM kucha caityavAsa kA asara ho gayA thA aura ve rAjA vagairaha kI tarapha se bhUmidAna vagairaha lene laga gaye the| arvAcIna kundakunda jaise tyAgiyoM ko yaha zithilatA acchI nahIM lgii| unhoMne kevala sthUla parigraha kA hI nahIM, balki aba taka isa sampradAya meM jo ApavAdika liMga ke nAma se vastrapAtra kI chUTa thI, usakA bhI virodha kiyaa---|" (a.bha.ma./ pR.327)| "--- kundakunda ke kriyoddhAra meM unake guru bhI zAmila nahIM hue hoMge aura isI kAraNa se unhoMne zithilAcArI samajha kara apane guru-praguruoM kA nAma-nirdeza nahIM kiyA hogaa|" (a.bha.ma./ pA.Ti.1/ pR. 327) ina zabdoM se muni kalyANavijaya jI ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki kundakunda, pUjyapAda devanandI Adi digambarAcArya AraMbha meM yApanIya-sampradAya meM dIkSita hue the aura unake guru-praguru yApanIya AcArya the| For Personal & Private Use Only

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32 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 4 zvetAmbara zivabhUti dvArA digambaramata kA varaNa uparyukta kalpita kathA meM muni kalyANavijaya jI ne boTika zivabhUti ko yApanIyamata-pravartaka aura AcArya kundakunda ko zurU meM yApanIya saMgha meM dIkSita siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI muni jI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| boTikoM ko yApanIya siddha karane ke lie unhoMne apane pUrvAcAryoM dvArA unheM digambara kahe jAne ko galata batalAyA hai aura digambaramata kA pravartaka kundakunda ko ghoSita kiyA hai| mAnanIya mAlavaNiyA jI likhate haiM- "boTika mUlata: digambara nahIM the, kyoMki strImukti ke niSedha kI carcA hameM sarvaprathama AcArya kundakunda meM milatI hai / "16 a02 / pra0 2 mAlavaNiyA jI ne umAsvAti kA samaya tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI I0 mAnA hai aura ve mAnate haiM ki kundakunda ke granthoM meM 'tattvArthasUtra' kI apekSA jainadarzana kA rUpa vikasita hai, ataH ve umAsvAti ke bAda arthAt IsA kI tIsarI cauthI zatI ke pazcAt hue haiN| 17 isa prakAra mAnanIya mAlavaNiyA jI bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki digambaramata kI sthApanA AcArya kundakunda ne IsA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI meM kI thI / DaoN. sAgaramala jI likhate haiM- " I0 san kI pA~cavIM - chaThIM zatAbdI taka jainaparamparA meM kahIM bhI strImukti kA niSedha nahIM thA / strImukti evaM sagrantha ( savastra) kI mukti kA sarvaprathama niSedha AcArya kundakunda ne 'suttapAhuDa' meM kiyA hai|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.394)| DaoNkTara sA0 ne boTikoM ko digambaroM se bhinna batalAte hue likhA hai - " zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne boTikoM ko jo digambara mAna liyA hai, vaha eka bhrAnti hai / zvetAmbarasAhitya meM ullikhita 'boTika' digambara nahIM haiM, isa tathya ko paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne apane eka lekha 'kyA boTika digambara haiM?' meM bahuta hI spaSTatApUrvaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| unakA yaha lekha Aspects of Jainology, Vol.II, paM0 becaradAsa dozI smRtigraMtha meM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama se hI prakAzita huA hai| ve likhate haiM- "vizeSAvazyaka kI vistRta carcA meM vivAda ke viSaya vastrapAtra haiM, isameM strImuktiniSedha kI carcA nahIM hai / digambarasaMpradAya meM vastra aura pAtra ke alAvA strImukti kA bhI niSedha hai| ata eva jinabhadra ke samaya meM boTika ko digambarasaMpradAya ke antargata nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 16. jaina vidyA ke AyAma / granthAGka 2 ( Aspects of Jainlogy, Vol.II) / paM. becaradAsa smRti - grantha / pR. 73 / 17. nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti / prastAvanA / pR. 103 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 33 mudrita AvazyakacUrNi meM jitane aMza meM boTika kI carcA hai, usake mArjina meM 'digambarotpatti' chapA hai| kintu vaha sampAdaka kA bhrama hai| kyoMki cUrNi meM bhI boTika kI carcA meM kahIM bhI strImakti kI carcA ko sthAna nahIM milA hai| ata eva boTika aura digambara meM bheda karanA jarUrI hai| yahA~ yaha bhI batA denA jarUrI hai ki vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthA 2609 kI TIkA meM boTikacarcA kA upasaMhAra karate hue strImukti kI carcA ke lie uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsaveM adhyayana kI TIkA ko dekha lene ko kahA hai| vaha bhI unake mata meM boTika aura digambara ko eka mAnane ke bhrama ke kAraNa hai| isa samagra carcA se itanA spaSTa hai ki boTika digambara nahIM the| isa samagra carcA ke do phala nikalate haiM-prathama to yaha ki zvetAmbaragranthoM meM boTika nAma se jisa saMpradAya kA ullekha huA hai, vaha digambarasaMpradAya se bhinna hai aura jise anyatra yApanIya nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| dUsare, digambarasaMpradAya, jo strImukti kA niSedha karatA hai, usase prAraMbhika zvetAmbara AcArya paricita nahIM the|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.8-9)| DaoNkTara sA0 ne Age likhA hai-"boTikoM kI utpattikathA se bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki inhoMne jinakalpa kA viccheda svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA aura vastra ko parigraha mAnakara muni ke lie acelakatA kA hI pratipAdana kiyA thaa| zivabhUti dvArA apanI bahana uttarA ko vastra rakhane kI anumati denA yaha bhI sUcita karatA hai ki isa sampradAya meM sAdhviyA~ savastra rahatI thiiN| isa sampradAya ke tatkAlIna paramparA se matabheda ke jo ullekha milate haiM, unase yahI phalita hotA hai ki inakA mukhya vivAda muni ke sacela aura acela hone ke sambandha meM thaa| strImukti aura kevalI-kavalAhAra ke sambandha meM inakA koI matabheda nahIM thA athavA yaha kaheM ki yaha prazna usa samaya utpanna hI nahIM huA thaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gA.3045 ) meM inheM AcArAMga Adi AgamoM ko svIkAra karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai| ataH boTika digambaraparamparA ke samAna na to strImukti aura kevalIbhukti kA niSedha karate the aura na jainAgamoM kA pUrNataH viccheda hI svIkAra karate the| mAtra yaha kahate the ki AgamoM meM jo vastra-pAtra ke ullekha haiM, ve ApavAdika sthiti ke haiN| isa prakAra boTika strImukti aura kevalI-kavalAhAra kA niSedha karanevAle aura AcArAMga Adi AgamoM ko vicchinna mAnanevAle digambarasampradAya se bhinna the|"( jai.dh.yaa.s/pR.9)| DaoNkTara sA0 apane vaktavya meM Age kahate haiM-"yadi hama boTikoM kI ina mAnyatAoM kI tulanA yApanIya-paramparA se karate haiM, to donoM meM koI antara dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| yApanIyoM kA jo bhI sAhitya upalabdha hai, usase bhI spaSTarUpa se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yApanIya yadyapi muni kI acelatA para bala dete the, kintu dUsarI ora ve strImukti, anya tairthikoM (dUsarI dharma paraMparA)kI mukti, kevalI-kavalAhAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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34 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 aura AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, kalpa, vyavahAra, maraNavibhakti, pratyAkhyAna Adi AgamoM ko svIkAra karate the| ve digambaraparaMparA ke samAna aMga-AgamoM ke sarvathA viccheda kI bAta nahIM mAnate the| isa paramparA meM Age calakara jina svataMtra granthoM aura AgamoM kI TIkAoM kA nirmANa huA, unameM ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya kI saikar3oM gAthAe~ aura uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| ataH upalabdha sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pUrNarUpeNa sunizcita hai ki yApanIya aura boTika donoM sampradAya eka hI haiN| isa niSkarSa kI satyatA ko unakI nimna mAnyatAoM kI samarUpatA meM spaSTataH dekhA jA sakatA hai-boTika aura yApanIya donoM hI muni ke lie utsargamArga kI dRSTi se acelatA ke pakSadhara haiM tathA donoM AcArAMga Adi AgamoM kI upasthiti ko svIkAra karate haiM aura unake vastra, pAtra sambandhI ullekhoM ko ApavAdika mAnate haiN| jaba ki digambaraparamparA AcArAMga Adi aMga-AgamoM kA viccheda mAnatI hai aura vastradhArI ko kisI bhI sthiti meM muni nahIM mAnatI hai| punaH yApanIya aura boTika donoM ne strImukti kA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai aura sAdhvI meM vastragrahaNa hote hue bhI mahAvratoM kA sadbhAva mAnA tathA strI kI dIkSA ko svIkAra kiyaa| jabaki digambaraparamparA strIdIkSA evaM strImukti kA niSedha karatI hai| saMkSepa meM AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi AgamoM ko mAnya karane aura strImukti kA niSedha na karane se boTika aura yApanIya eka paramparA ke sUcaka haiN| ata: zvetAmbarasAhitya meM prayukta boTika zabda yApanIyoM kA hI paryAyavAcI hai|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.9-10)| paM0 mAlavaNiyA jI evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA kathana hai ki zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne bhrama se boTikoM ko digambara mAna liyA hai, kintu kathA meM varNita tathya isa niSkarSa para pahuMcAte haiM ki muni jI evaM ina vidvAnoM ne jAna-bUjhakara boTikoM ko yApanIya siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isake pIche eka viziSTa prayojana thaa| vaha yaha ki boTikamatotpattikathA ke dvArA prAcIna zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne digambaramata kI utpatti vIra ni0 saM0 609 arthAt I0 san 82 meM batalAyI hai| isase digambaramata kama se kama IsA kI prathama zatAbdI-jitanA purAnA siddha hotA hai| kintu muni jI aura unake anuyAyI vidvAn use itanA bhI prAcIna siddha nahIM hone denA cAhate the| ve cAhate the ki use vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM kundakunda ke dvArA pravartita siddha kiyA jaay| isalie unhoMne yaha kathA gar3hI ki boTikakathA meM prayukta 'boTika' zabda 'digambara' kA paryAyavAcI nahIM hai, apitu yApanIyoM kA nAmAntara hai, ataH boTika zivabhUti ne digambaramata kA nahIM, balki yApanIyamata kA pravartana kiyA thaa| _ kintu zivabhUti yApanIyamata kA pravartaka nahIM thA, na hI usane digambaramata kI sthApanA kI thii| usane to zvetAmbaramata chor3akara digambaramata kA varaNa kiyA thaa| isa satya kI sthApanA usakI una mAnyatAoM se hotI hai, jo usane apane guru ke sAtha tarka-vitarka karate samaya prakaTa kI haiN| usakI mAnyatAe~ sacelaliMga ko mokSa ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 35 pratikUla aura ekamAtra jinendragRhIta acelaliMga ko mokSa kA mArga ghoSita karatI haiN| yaha ghoSaNA yApanIyamata ke viruddha hai, kyoMki usameM sacelaliMga se bhI mukti svIkAra kI gayI hai| ukta ghoSaNA kevala digambaramata-sammata hai| __ mAlavaNiyA jI kA yaha kathana satya hai ki zivabhUti kA apane guru se kevala vastrapAtrAdi-parigraha ko lekara vivAda hotA hai, strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi viSayoM para nhiiN| kintu isase yaha phalita nahIM hotA ki use ye donoM bAteM mAnya thiiN| vaha acelatva ke pakSa meM jo tarka detA hai, unase usakI sArI vicAradhArA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| usake sAre tarka digambaramatAnugAmI haiN| vaha kahatA hai ki vastrAdiparigraha ke sadbhAva meM bhaya, kaSAya aura mUrchA kI utpatti hotI hai (jo pratyeka ke lie karmabandha ke kAraNa haiM ) / ataH mokSArthI ko jinendragRhIta acelaliMga hI dhAraNa karanA caahie| yaha tarka savastra avasthA meM pratyeka ke lie mukti kA dvAra banda kara detA hai, cAhe vaha samartha puruSa ho athavA asamartha puruSa yA strI athavA anylinggii| Aiye zivabhUti ke tarkoM para dRSTi ddaaleN| zivabhUti ke tarka evaM mAnyatAe~ digambaramatAnugAmI 5.1. sacelaliMga kA sarvathA niSedha prastuta adhyAya ke prathama prakaraNa meM jJApita kiyA gayA hai ki zrI jinabhadragaNI ne boTikamatotpatti-kathA ke prasaMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa munidharma ke jo jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa bheda batalAye haiM, unameM jinakalpa ko bhI unhoMne sthavirakalpa ke hI samAna sacela prarUpita kiyA hai| kintu zivabhUti ke mana meM jinakalpa kI jo avadhAraNA hai, vaha jinabhadragaNI jI kI avadhAraNA se ekadama viparIta hai| vaha jinendraliMgavat sarvathA acelaliMga (nAgnyaliMga) ko jinakalpa mAnatA hai| mukhavastrikAdi grahaNa kiye jAne ko bhI vaha jinakalpa ke viparIta samajhatA hai| isa prakAra zivabhUtimAnya jinakalpa sarvathA acela hai, aura jinabhadragaNimAnya jinakalpa kisI na kisI rUpa meM sacela hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhuoM ke lie jinendraliMga ke samAna acelatva ko ucita mAnate hue , zivabhUti guru se jinakalpa ko hI apanAye jAne kA Agraha karatA hai aura isake aucitya kI siddhi yaha kahakara karatA hai ki jinendra bhI acelaka the, ataH acelatA hI samIcIna hai| dekhiye, usake nIce uddhRta vcn| mokSa ke lie vastrAdi-sarvasaMga-tyAgarUpa aparigraha kA avalambana digambaroM kI prathama mAnyatA hai| zivabhUti nimnalikhita tarkoM se mokSArthI puruSoM ke lie sacelaliMga ko sarvathA agrAhya siddha karatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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36 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 5.1.1. upadhigrahaNa parigraha hai-zivabhUti isa zvetAmbara-siddhAnta ko nahIM mAnatA ki vastrapAtrAdi upadhi ko grahaNa karanA parigraha nahIM hai, apitu usameM mUrchA karanA parigraha hai|8 vaha upadhi ke grahaNa karane ko bhI parigraha mAnatA hai aura upadhi se rahita hone ke kAraNa jinaliMgarUpa jinakalpa ko niSparigraha kahatA hai| yathA "yadyevaM tarhi kimidAnImaudhika aupagrahikazcaitAvAnupadhiH parigRhyate? sa eva jinakalpaH kiM na kriyate? --- paralokArthinA hi sa eva niSparigraho jinakalpaH kartavyaH, kiM punaranena kaSAyabhayamUrchAdidoSanidhinA parigrahAnarthena? ata eva nissprigrhtvmuktm| acelakAzca jinendraaH| ato'celataiva sundreti|"( hema. vRtti / vize. bhA./ gaa.2551-52)| anuvAda-"yadi aisA hai to Ajakala itanI audhika aura aupagrahika upadhi kA parigraha kyoM kiyA jAtA hai? vahI jinakalpa kyoM nahI apanAyA jAtA? paralokArthI ( mokSArthI) ko vahI niSparigraha jinakalpa apanAnA caahie| kaSAya, bhaya, mUrchA Adi doSoM ke srota isa parigraharUpa anartha se kyA phAyadA? isIlie zruta meM niSparigrahatva kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| jinendra bhI acelaka hI the| ataH acelatA hI sundara hai ( mokSa kA samyag mArga hai)|" isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki zivabhUti vastrapAtrAdi upadhi ke grahaNa ko bhI parigraha mAnatA hai, mAtra unameM mUrchA ke sadbhAva ko nhiiN| usake anusAra vastrapAtrAdi parigraha ke tyAga ke binA mUrchA kA parityAga saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki vastrapAtrAdi kA parigraha mUrchA ko janma detA hai| vaha jinendra ke samAna acelatva (sarvathA vastrarahita hone) ko aparigraha mAnatA hai, jisameM rajoharaNa, mukhavastrikA Adi zvetAmbara-muniliGga kA bhI abhAva hotA hai, jaisA ki pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne kahA hai "yena kAraNena tIrthakRtAM vastrAdyanupayogastena kAraNenArhan svaliGgaparaliGgagRhasthaliGgai rahitaH syaat| tatra svaliGgaM rajoharaNAdi paraliGgamanyatIrthikaliGgaM picchakAdikaM, gRhasthaliGgaM tu prtiitmev| ebhirviprmuktstiirthkRdbhvti|" (prava. parI./vRtti / 1/2 / 11 / pR. 78) / 18.ka-jaM pi vatthaM va pAyaM vA kaMbalaM paaypuNchnnN| taM pi saMjamalajjaTTA dhAraMtipariharaMti a // 6/19 // na so pariggaho vutto nAyaputteNa taainnaa| mucchA pariggaho vutto ia vuttaM mhesinnaa|| 6/20 // dshvaikaaliksuutr| kha-"yacca zrute niSparigrahatvamuktaM tadapi dharmopakaraNeSvapi mUrchA na krttvyaa| mUrchAbhAva eva niSparigrahatvamavaseyaM, na punaH sarvathA dharmopakaraNasyApi tyaagH|" hema.vRtti / vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya / gaa.2551-52| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 2 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 37 arthAt zivabhUti ke anusAra mUrcchArUpa bhAvaparigraha tathA bAhya upadhirUpa dravyaparigraha donoM ke tyAga se aparigraha ghaTita hotA hai / aparigraha ke isa lakSaNa se koI bhI vastradhArI puruSa yA strI aparigrahI nahIM kahalA sktii| ataH zivabhUti ke mata meM na to asamartha puruSoM ke lie mukti kA avasara rahatA hai, na striyoM ke lie, na gRhiliMgiyoM ke lie aura na anyaliMgiyoM ke lie| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI bhI mAnate haiM ki jahA~ aparigraha kI paribhASA meM bhAvaparigraha tathA dravyaparigraha donoM kA tyAga apekSita ho, vahA~ na to ApavAdika savastramukti saMbhava hai, na strImukti / ve digambaramata para TippaNI karate hue kahate haiM- " kintu, jaba acelatA ko hI ekamAtra mokSamArga svIkAra karake mUrcchAdi bhAvaparigraha ke sAtha-sAtha vastrapAtrAdi dravyaparigraha kA bhI pUrNatyAga Avazyaka mAna liyA gayA, to yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki strImukti ke niSedha ke sAtha hI sAtha anyatairthikoM aura gRhasthoM kI mukti kA bhI niSedha kara diyA jaay|" (jai. dha. yA.sa./ pR. 399) / hama dekhate haiM ki mokSa ke viSaya meM zivabhUti kA mata bhI aisA hI hai| vaha zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke dvArA grahaNa kiye jAne vAle vastrapAtrAdi ko anarthakArI parigraha kahatA hai tathA jinendroM dvArA apanAye gaye vastrapAtrAdirahita sarvathA acela jinaliMgarUpa jinakalpa 19 ko hI mokSArthiyoM ke lie grAhya batalAtA hai / ataH zivabhUti ke mata meM bhI strImukti Adi asaMbhava haiM / isa prakAra aparigraha ke viSaya meM boTika zivabhUti kI dhAraNA digambaroM kI dhAraNA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| 5.1.2. upadhiparigraha se mUrcchAdi aneka doSa avazyaMbhAvI - zivabhUti kahatA hai ki vastrapAtrAdi parigraha ke sadbhAva meM mUrcchA, bhaya, kaSAya Adi aneka doSa utpanna hote haiM / ataH aise anarthakArI parigraha se kyA phAyadA? arthAt vaha mokSa meM sahAyaka na hokara saMsAra kA kAraNa hone se anarthakArI hai, ataH parityAjya hai / 20 bAhyaparigraha ko mUrcchAdi doSoM kA kAraNa mAnanA, ata eva use parityAjya mAnanA mAtra digambaramata kA tarka hai| AcArya kundakunda ne 'pravacanasAra' meM kahA hai 44 havadi va Na havadi baMdho madamhi jIve'dha kAyace mhi | baMdho dhuvamuvadhIdo idi samaNA chaDDiyA 19. 'paralokArthinA sa eva niSparigraho jinakalpaH karttavyaH / kiM punaranena kaSAyabhayamUrcchAdidoSanidhinA parigrahAnarthena ?" hema. vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2551-52 / 20. ka -- dekhie, pAdaTippaNI 19 / savvaM // 3/19 // kha - " kimupadhiparigraheNa ? parigrahasadbhAve kaSAyamUrcchAbhayAdikA vahavo doSAH / " hAribhadrIya vRtti / Avazyakaniryukti / AvazyakamUlabhASya / gA.146 / pR.216 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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38 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kidha tamhi Natthi mucchA AraMbho vA tatha asaMjamo tassa / paradavvammi rado kadhamappANaM pasAdhayadi // 3/21 // a02 / pra0 2 anuvAda - "kAyaceSTA se jIva ke mara jAne para muni ko bandha hotA hai, aura nahIM bhI hotA hai / kintu upadhi ( parigraha ) rakhane para bandha avazya hotA hai, ataH muni samasta upadhi kA tyAga kara dete haiM / jo muni upadhi rakhatA hai use mUrcchA, AraMbha aura asaMyama kaise nahIM hoMge? tathA paradravya meM rata vaha muni AtmA ko siddha kaise karegA?" isa taraha boTika zivabhUti kA mata digambarAcArya kundakunda ke mata kA sarvathA anugamana karatA hai| zivabhUti ke guru AryakRSNa tarka karate haiM ki yadi kisI muni meM deha ke prati bhI kaSAya, bhaya, mUrcchA Adi utpanna ho jAya~, to kyA use deha kA bhI parityAga kara denA cAhie? 21 para zivabhUti guru ke isa tarka ko mahattva nahIM detA, kyoMki guru kA tarka usake gale nahIM utaratA, saMbhavataH isa pratitarka ke kAraNa ki yadi deha meM mUrcchA utpanna hotI hai, to deha kA to parityAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu vastrAdi meM mUrcchA utpanna hone para unakA to parityAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH mUrcchA ke jitane bhI kAraNoM kA parityAga saMbhava hai, utanoM kA parityAga karake mUrcchatpatti ke nimittoM meM yathAzakti kamI kI jAnI caahie| 5. 2. jinakalpa ke nAma se ekamAtra acela jinaliMga kA samarthana 5.2.1. acela jinakalpa (jinaliMga) se hI mokSa kI prApti - zivabhUti kA mata hai ki niSparigraha acela jinakalpa (jinaliMga) se hI mokSa kI prApti ho sakatI hai, ataH mokSArthI ko usI kA avalambana karanA cAhie - " paralokArthinA sa eva niSparigraho jinakalpaH karttavyaH / " (hema. vRtti / vize. bhA. / gA. 2551-52) / isa kathana meM 'sa eva' (kevala vahI ) zabdoM se ekamAtra jinakalpa arthAt jinaliMga hI mokSArthI ke lie grAhya batalAyA gayA hai, jisase anya samasta kalpa agrAhya siddha ho jAte haiM / savastramukti, strImukti, anyatIrthikamukti saba kA isase niSedha ho jAtA hai| ataH zivabhUti kA yaha mata sarvathA digambaramata hai / 5.2.2. jinendragRhIta hone se acelaliMga hI prAmANika - zivabhUti yaha bhI kahatA hai ki jinendra bhI acelaka the, ataH acelaliMga hI mokSa kA prAmANika mArga 21. " tato guruNA proktam - hanta ! yadyevaM tarhi dehe'pi kaSAyabhayamUrcchAdayo doSAH kasyApi sambhavanti iti so'pi vratagrahaNAnantarameva tyaktavyaH prApnoti / " hema vRtti / vize. bhA. / gA. 2551-52 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 39 hai-"acelakAzca jinendraaH| ato'celataiva sundreti|" (hema.vRtti / vize.bhA. / gA. 2551-52) / yahA~ sundara zabda samyak artha kA vAcaka hai| samyak kA artha hai samIcIna / samIcIna mArga hI prAmANika hotA hai| ataH ukta vAkya se yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki mokSa ke jisa mArga ko jinendroM ne apanAyA thA, usI kA ve dUsaroM ke lie upadeza de sakate haiN| ata: jinendroM dvArA apanAyA gayA acelaliMga hI prAmANika ho sakatA hai, anya nhiiN| zivabhUti ke ina vacanoM se digambaramata hI prasphuTita hotA hai| 5.2.3. zruta meM acelatva kA hI upadeza-zivabhUti itane se hI santuSTa nahIM hotaa| vaha acelakatA ko hI mokSa kA ekamAtra prAmANika mArga siddha karane ke lie zruta ko bhI pramANarUpa meM upasthita karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai-"ata eva zrute nissprigrhtvmuktm|" (hema.vRtti / vize.bhA. / gaa.2551-52)| arthAt vastrAdiparigraha kaSAya, bhaya, mUrchA Adi doSoM kA janaka hone se anarthakArI hai| isIlie zruta meM vastrapAtrAdi-parigraharahita jinaliMga ko hI grahaNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isa kathana se zivabhUti acelaka jinaliMga ke atirikta anya liMgoM kA upadeza denevAle zAstroM ko aprAmANika ghoSita kara detA hai, jo digambaramata kI hI abhivyakti hai| muni kalyANavijaya jI, mAlavaNiyA jI aura DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI apane pUrvoddhRta kathanoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai zivabhUti ne vastra ko parigraha mAnakara muni ke lie acelakatA kA hI pratipAdana kiyA thaa| 5.3. zvetAmbarIya sacela jinakalpa kA samarthana nahIM yadyapi zivabhUti jinakalpa ko hI grAhya batalAtA hai aura use hI grahaNa karane kA saMkalpa karatA hai,22 tathApi jaisA ki pUrva meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, jinakalpa ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM usakI avadhAraNA alaga hai| vaha jinendraliMga ke samAna mukhavastrikA, vastranirmita rajoharaNa, prAvaraNa (or3hane kI cAdara yA kambala) Adi sabhI prakAra kI vastrapAtrAdi upadhiyoM se rahita sarvathA acela avasthA ko jinakalpa mAnatA hai| yaha usake pUrvoddhRta "acelakAzca jinendraaH| ato'celataiva sundareti" ina vacanoM se siddha hai| isIlie guru AryakRSNa use samajhAte haiM ki "jinendra bhI sarvathA acelaka nahIM hote, apitu sabhI tIrthaMkara ekavastra lekara hI pravrajita hote haiM, tAki logoM ko yaha 22. "nanvahameva taM karomi, paralokArthinA sa eva niSparigraho jinakalpaH krttvyH|" (hema.vRtti/ vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gaa.2551-52| For Personal & Private Use Only

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40 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 upadeza mile kI mokSamArga savastra hI hai| jaba vaha vastra gira jAtA hai, tabhI ve acelaka hote haiN|23 tathA jinakalpika sAdhu bhI sarvathA acela nahIM hote| sarvocca jinakalpika sAdhu ko bhI mukhavastrikA evaM vastranirmita rajoharaNa dhAraNa karanA anivArya hai| anya jinakalpika to eka, do yA tIna prAvaraNa bhI rakhate haiN|"24 guru anta meM kahate haiM-"yadi phira bhI tuma yahI samajhate ho ki 'arahanta sarvathA acela hote haiM ataH maiM bhI acela hoU~gA' to yaha jinAjJA kA ullaMghana hogA, kyoMki jinendra ne upadeza diyA hai ki jo anupama dhRti aura saMhanana Adi atizaya se rahita haiM, unheM acela nahIM honA caahie| tuma isa atizaya se rahita ho, ataH yadi tumhArI jinavacana meM zraddhA hai, to tumheM acela hone kA vicAra chor3a denA cAhie, kyoMki jinAjJA kA ullaMghana karanevAle kA kalyANa nahIM hotaa|"25 jinabhadragaNI kahate haiM ki guru ke dvArA isa prakAra anekazaH samajhAye jAne para bhI zivabhUti ne unakI eka bhI bAta nahIM mAnI aura mithyAtva ke vazIbhUta hokara jinamata meM azraddhA karatA huA vastra chor3a kara calA gyaa|26 yahA~ 'jinamata meM azraddhA karatA huA' ina vacanoM se spaSTa hai ki zivabhUti ko zvetAmbarIya jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa meM zraddhA nahIM thI aura 'vastra chor3akara calA gayA' isa kathana se sApha hai ki usane colapaTTa, kambala Adi ke sAtha mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa Adi bhI chor3a diye| isa taraha usane zvetAmbara jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpika sAdhuoM ke liMga se sarvathA bhinna liMga dhAraNa kiyA thA, jo digambaramuni kA liMga thaa| isakI puSTi zrI jinabhadragaNI ke nimnalikhita kathana se hotI hai-"bhinna-maya-liMga-cariyA micchAdiTTi tti boddiyaa'bhimyaa|" ( 2620 / vize. bhA.) arthAt boTika (zivabhUti aura usa ke anuyAyI) bhinna mata, bhinna liMga (veza) aura bhinna caryAvAle hone ke kAraNa mithyAdRSTi mAne gaye haiN| yahA~ bhinnaliMga zabda uccasvara meM ghoSaNA karatA hai ki boTikoM ke dvArA apanAyA gayA liMga zvetAmbaramata meM mAnya jinakalpI sAdhuoM ke liMga se bhinna thA, ataH 23. taha vi gahiegavatthA savatthatitthovaesaNatthaM ti|| ___abhinikkhamaMti savve tammi cue'celayA huNti|| 2583 // vishessaavshykbhaassy| 24. jiNakappiyAdao puNa sovahao svvkaalmegNto| uvagaraNamANamesiM purisAvikkhAe bahubheyaM // 2584 // vishessaavshykbhaassy| 25. arahaMtA jamacelA teNAcelattaNaM jai mayaM te| __ to tavvayaNAu cciya niratisao hohi maa'celaa|| 2585 // vishessaavshykbhaassy| 26. iya paNNavio vi bahuM so micchttodyaakuliybhaavo| jiNamayamasaddahaMto chaDDiyavattho smujjaao|| 2606 // vishessaavshykbhaassy| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 41 munikalyANavijaya jI aura unake anuyAyI vidvAnoM kA yaha kathana sarvathA kapolakalpita hai ki zivabhUti ne zvetAmbarIya jinakalpa kA punaruddhAra kiyA thaa| vastutaH vaha zvetAmbaramata ke viparIta mata-liMga-caryAvAlA digambara jaina muni ho gayA thaa| 5.4. sacelakatA ke niSedha se strImukti kA niSedha 5.4.1. strIdIkSA nahIM dI gaI-yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki zivabhUti apanI bahina uttarA ko svayaM dIkSA nahIM detaa| uttarA apane bhAI ko nagna dekhakara khuda hI nagna ho jAtI hai aura gaNikA dvArA vastra pahanAye jAne para khuda hI vastra pahana letI hai| jaba vaha zivabhUti ko gaNikA dvArA vastra pahanAye jAne kI bAta batalAtI hai, taba zivabhUti kevala yaha kahatA hai ki tuma aise (savastra) hI raho, yaha nahIM kahatA ki aise (savastra) rahate hue hI tuma mukta ho jaaogii| zivabhUti kI samajha meM A jAtA hai ki striyoM kA vastratyAga ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki nagna strI bIbhatsa aura nirlajja lagatI hai| nagna rahane para mAsikadharma Adi ke samaya jugupsotpAdaka ho jAyegI tathA darzaka puruSoM ke lie kAmavikAra kA nimitta banegI, jo svayaM usake lie saMkaTa kA kAraNa hogaa| ina anarthoM ko dekhakara use striyoM kA vastratyAga anucita pratIta huaa| taba usake anubhava meM AyA ki strI kI zArIrika saMracanA vastratyAga ke yogya nahIM hai aura vastragrahaNa parigraha hone se hiMsA, kaSAya, mUrchA Adi doSoM kA hetu hai, ataH mokSa meM bAdhaka hai| isake atirikta strIzarIra meM sadA sammUrchana jIvoM kI utpatti aura vinAza hotA rahatA hai, vaha bhI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| isa anubhava se vaha isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA ki strIzarIra mokSasAdhanA ke yogya nahIM haiN| isIlie usane Age calakara uttarA ko apane sampradAya meM dIkSita nahIM kiyA, kevala kauNDinya aura koTTavIra nAmaka do puruSoM ko dIkSA dii| unhIM se usake navIna boTikasampradAya kA AraMbha huaa| vastra dhAraNa karane ke bAda uttarA zrAvikA kI sthiti meM rahI yA AryikA kI, isakA saMketa kathA meM nahIM hai| kintu vastradhAraNa kA donoM meM se kisI bhI sthiti ke sAtha virodha nahIM hai, kyoMki digambaramata meM AryikA ko savastra rahane kI hI AjJA hai, kevala strIparyAya se mokSa kA vidhAna nahIM hai| isalie paM0 mAlavaNiyA evaM DaoN0 sAgaramalajI ke isa phalitArtha meM koI doSa nahIM hai ki zivabhUti ke sampradAya meM sAdhviyA~ savastra rahatI thIM, (jai.dh.yaa.s./pR.9)| kintu isase yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki zivabhUti ko strImukti mAnya thii| vaha apane kathita navIna sampradAya meM apanI bahina uttarA ko dIkSita nahIM karatA, kevala do puruSoM ko dIkSA detA hai, isase spaSTa hai ki vaha strI ko mukti ke yogya nahIM mAnatA thA, jo usake digambaramata ke anuyAyI hone kA pramANa hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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42 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 2 5.4.2. strImukti ke lie sthAna nahIM-yataH zivabhUti strIzarIra ko mokSasAdhanA ke yogya nahIM mAnatA, isalie usake mata meM strImukti ke lie sthAna nahIM thA / zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne bhI use apane tarka se strImukti kA niSedhaka siddha kiyA hai| zvetAmbaragrantha 'pravacanaparIkSA' ke karttA ne zivabhUti ke strImukti - niSedhaka hone kA nirNaya nimnalikhita tarka ke AdhAra para kiyA hai " atha yadA zivabhUtinA nagnabhAvo'bhyupagatastadAnImuttarAnAmnyAH svabhaginyA vastraparidhAnamanujJAtam / evaM ca sati yadi strINAM muktiM prarUpayati tadA savastra-nirvastrayoravizeSApattyA svakIyanagnabhAvasya kevalaM klezataivApadyeteti vicintya strINAM muktirni - SiddhA / " ( prava. parI/ pAtanikA / 1/2/19/pR. 82 ) / anuvAda - " jisa samaya zivabhUti ne nagnatva svIkAra kiyA, usa samaya usane apanI bahina ko vastra pahanane kI salAha dii| aba yadi vaha striyoM ke lie mukti kA vidhAna karatA hai, savastra aura nirvastra donoM ko mukti saMbhava ho jAne se svayaM kA nagna rahanA kevala kleza kA hI kAraNa siddha hogA, aisA socakara usane striyoM ke lie mukti kA niSedha kara diyA / " yaha zvetAmbara - matAzrita tArkika nirNaya bhI spaSTa kara detA hai ki boTika zivabhUti strImukti kA samarthaka ho hI nahIM sakatA thA / isI tarka ke AdhAra para muni kalyANavijaya jI ne kundakunda ke strImuktiniSedha evaM kevalibhuktiniSedha kA aucitya pratipAdita kiyA hai / pUrvoddhRta (zI. 3) vaktavya meM ve kahate haiM " chaThI sadI ke vidvAna AcArya kundakunda devanandI vagairaha ne--- apane lie AcAra, vicAra aura darzanaviSayaka svatantra sAhitya kI racanA kI, jisameM vastrapAtra rakhane kA ekAntarUpa se niSedha kiyA / yadyapi isa aikAntika niSedha ke kAraNa unheM strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA bhI niSedha karanA par3A, kyoMki striyoM ko sarvathA acelaka mAnanA anucita thA aura vastrasahita rahate hue unakI mukti mAna lene para apane vastradhArI pratisparddhiyoM kI mukti kA niSedha karanA asambhava thA / isI taraha kevalI kA kavalAhAra mAnane para usake lAne ke lie pAtra bhI mAnanA par3atA aura isa dazA meM pAtradhArI sthaviroM kA khaNDana nahIM karane paate|" (zra.bha.ma. / pR.302-305 ) / zvetAmbarazAstroM meM strI ke lie jinakalpa kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai-- 'jiNakappiyA itthI na hoi|' ('jaina sAhitya meM vikAra / pR. 47 para uddhRta ) / bRhatkalpasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - 'no kappar3a niggaMthIe aceliyAe huMtae' (5 / 16) / arthAt strI ko acela hone kI anumati nahIM hai / isa sUtra kI zrI saMghadAsagaNikRta bhASyagAthA (5935) ke vRttikAra zrI kSemakIrti likhate haiM ki isa sUtra meM acelakatva kA pratiSedha kara AryikAoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 43 ke lie jinakalpa para roka lagAyI gayI hai-"acelakatvapratiSedhena AryANAM jinakalpo'pi anenaiva sUtreNa nivArito mntvyH|" isa prakAra AryikAoM ke lie jinakalpa (acelatva) kA niSedha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM hai| aura zivabhUti ne sthavirakalpa ko saparigraha hone ke kAraNa mokSa meM bAdhaka batalAyA hai, isase yaha spaSTa hai ki usane strI, gRhastha aura paratIrthika ina sabhI vastradhAriyoM ke mokSa kA niSedha kiyA hai| ataH paM0 mAlavaNiyA kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki boTika zivabhUti kevala vastrapAtra kA virodhI thA, strImukti kA nhiiN|27 ekamAtra jinaliMga ko hI mukti kA mArga svIkAra karane se strImukti kA niSedha svataH ho jAtA hai| aura cU~ki zivabhUti strImukti kA samarthaka nahIM thA, ataH siddha hai ki vaha digambaramata kA anuyAyI thaa| yaha tArkika nirNaya mahattvapUrNa hai| kyoMki isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki cUMki zvetAmbaramata meM strImukti mAnya hai, isalie usameM puruSoM ke lie nagnatA kA vidhAna apavAdarUpa se bhI nahIM ho sktaa| anyathA vahA~ bhI savastra aura nirvastra donoM ke lie mukti saMbhava ho jAne se nagnatA kevala kaSTa kA hI kAraNa siddha hogii| 5.5. zivabhUti ko zvetAmbarAgama mAnya nahIM zivabhUti apane guru AryakRSNa ke samakSa sthavirakalpa ko amAnya kara ekamAtra jinaliMga ko grAhya batalAtA hai| isa prakAra vaha guru dvArA mAnya AgamoM ko amAnya kara detA hai| phira guru usake matoM kA khaNDana karane ke lie Agamavacana pramANarUpa meM upasthita karate haiN| una sabako vaha asvIkata kara detA hai| yathA guru kahate haiM-"vastrapAtrAdi dharmopakaraNoM kA parigraha, parigraha nahIM hai, apitu unameM mUrchA karanA parigraha hai|" zivabhUti ise svIkAra nahIM krtaa| guru kahate haiM- "yadi vastrapAtrAdi upadhi mUrchA kA kAraNa hone se tyAjya haiM, to kisI muni ko deha meM bhI mUrchA ho sakatI hai, taba deha kA bhI parityAga jarUrI ho jaayegaa| yadi mUrchA hone para bhI deha kA parityAga Avazyaka nahIM hai, to vastrAdi upadhi meM mUrchA hone para vastrAdi kA bhI tyAga Avazyaka kaise ho sakatA hai?" zivabhUti guru ke isa tarka ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| guru kahate haiM - "jinendra bhI sarvathA acelaka nahIM the, kyoMki Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkara eka vastra lekara pravrajita hue the|" zivabhUti ise bhI nahIM maantaa| 27. 'kyA boTika digambara haiM?' Aspects of Jainology, vol. II, pp. 70-71. For Personal & Private Use Only

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44 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 guru ke mukha se nikale hue ina samasta AgamavacanoM kI avahelanA kara zivabhUti unake dvArA diye gaye dharma ko ThukarAkara acelaka jinaliMga (digambaramuniliGga) ko grahaNa kara letA hai aura apanA tathAkathita boTikamata calA detA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki boTika zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko pramANa nahIM mAnate the| Avazyakaniyukti meM boTikoM ko nihnava kahA gayA hai| vRttikAra haribhadrasUri ne nihnava kA artha mithyAdRSTi batalAyA hai, aura mithyAdRSTi use ghoSita kiyA hai jo jinavacana ko pramANa na maane|8 isase spaSTa hai ki boTika zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko nahIM mAnate the| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gA. 2620) meM boTikoM ko bhinnamata, bhinnaliMga aura bhinnacaryAvAlA mithyAdRSTi kahA hai-"bhinnamayaliMgacariyA micchaddiTThi tti boddiyaa'bhimyaa|" bhinnamatavAle mithyAdRSTi kahe jAne se siddha hai ki boTika zvetAmbaramata ko prAmANika nahIM mAnate the| itanA hI nahIM, anya nihnavoM ko to dezavisaMvAdI hI kahA gayA hai, kintu boTikoM ko to sarvavisaMvAdI ghoSita kara diyA gayA-"dezavisaMvAdinaH sapta nihnavA:--- sarvavisaMvAdinaH bottiknihnvaan---|" ( hema.vRtti / pAtanikA / vize. bhA./gA. 2550) / dezavisaMvAdI kA artha hai AMzika matabheda rakhanevAlA aura sarvavisaMvAdI kA artha hai sarvathA matabheda rkhnevaalaa| isa upAdhi se to isa bAta meM koI sandeha hI nahIM raha jAtA ki boTikoM kA zvetAmbara-AgamoM se sarvathA matabheda thA arthAt ve unheM sarvathA amAnya the| ataH siddha hai ki zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM 'boTika' zabda ke dvArA digambaroM kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai| zivabhUti ke ina tarkoM, vicAroM aura AcaraNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usakI mAnyatAe~ digambaramatAnugAmI haiN| usane zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko amAnya aura sacelaliMga se mukti kA niSedha kiyA hai tathA ekamAtra jinaliMga ko mokSa kA upAya batalAyA hai| sacelaliMga ke niSedha se.strImukti, gRhasthamukti aura paratIrthikamukti kA niSedha svataH ho jAtA hai, jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIya matoM ke siddhAnta haiN| isa prakAra zivabhUti kI mAnyatAe~ zvetAmbara aura yApanIya matoM ke viruddha haiM, yaha usake digambaramatAnugAmI 28.nihnavo mithyaadRssttiH| uktaM ca sUtroktasyaikasyApyarocanAdakSarasya bhavati nrH| mithyAdRSTiH, sUtraM hi naH pramANaM jinaabhihitm|| hAri. vRtti / Avazyakaniyukti / gA.778 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 45 hone kA pramANa hai| ataH mAnanIya mAlavaNiyA jI aura DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kI yaha mAnyatA ki "zivabhUti ne kevala vastrapAtrAdi-parigrahavAle sthavirakalpa kA niSedha kiyA thA, strImukti kA nahIM, isalie boTikoM ko digambara nahIM kahA jA sakatA" satya kA ghora apalApa hai| zivabhUti kI mAnyatAe~ use digambaramatAnugAmI siddha karatI haiM, ataH siddha hai ki zivabhUti ke yApanIyamata-pravartaka hone kI kathA managaDhaMta hai, yathArtha nhiiN| boTika aura yApanIya parasparaviruddha paramparAe~ 6.1. boTikamata aura yApanIyamata meM ghora vaiSamya boTikakathA meM varNita zivabhUti ke vicAroM aura yApanIyamata ke siddhAntoM kI tulanA karane para spaSTa hotA hai ki boTikamata aura yApanIyamata parasparaviruddha paramparAe~ thiiN| tulanA nIce kI jA rahI hai 1. boTikoM ko ApavAdika sacela mArga svIkArya nahIM thA, yApanIyoM ko thaa| 2. boTikoM ko strImukti mAnya nahIM thI, yApanIyoM ko thii| 3. boTika kevala jinendraliMgavat jinakalpa ko hI muktimArga mAnate the, isalie unheM gRhasthamukti aura anyatIrthikamukti svIkArya nahIM thI, jabaki yApanIyoM ko thii| 4. boTika kevalibhukti nahIM mAnate the, yApanIya mAnate the| 6.2. zvetAmbaragranthoM meM boTikoM kI nindA, yApanIyoM kI prazaMsA boTikoM ko zvetAmbaragranthoM meM nihnava, mahAmithyAdRSTi, sarvApalApI, prabhUtataravisaMvAdI tathA sarvavisaMvAdI kahA gayA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki ve zvetAmbaraparamparA ke AgamoM ko nahIM mAnate the, jaba ki yApanIya mAnate the, isalie unheM na to kisI zvetAmbaragrantha meM nihnava kahA gayA hai, na mithyAdRSTi, na visNvaadii| savastramukti, strImukti, anyatIrthikamukti evaM kevalIbhukti ko lekara unakA zvetAmbaroM ke sAtha saMvAda thaa| yApanIyoM ne jo strImukti ke samarthana meM tarka diye haiM, unheM zvetAmbara-AcAryoM ne pramANarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ina tathyoM para eka dRSTi DAleM sarvaprathama bhadrabAhu-dvitIya (vikrama saM0 562, I0 san 505 )29 ne 'Avazyakaniyukti' meM ATha nihnavoM arthAt tIrthaMkaravacana kI viparIta vyAkhyA karanevAloM evaM unake 29. zrI devendra muni : jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA / pR.438 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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46 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 2 nAma se mithyAmata calAnevAloM 30 ke ATha utpattisthAnoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jinameM AThavA~ sthAna rahavIrapura ( rathavIrapura ) hai / AvazyakasUtra ke mUlabhASyakarttA ne isa rathavIrapura nagara meM 'boTika' nAmaka AThaveM nihnava kI utpatti batalAI hai / 31 jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa (chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI I0) ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM, jinadAsagaNI mahattara ( sAtavIM zatI0 I0) ne AvazyakacUrNi meM, maladhArI zrI hemacandrasUri ( 12vIM zatI I0) 32 ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI vRtti meM tathA zrI haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI I0) ne Avazyaka niyukti kI vRtti meM bhI aisA hI kahA hai| inameM se sabhI AcAryoM ne boTikoM ko nihnava kahA hai tathA AvazyakamUlabhASya ke karttA ne unake mata ko mithyAdarzana batalAyA hai UhA paNNattaM boDiyasivabhUiuttarAhi imaM / micchAdaMsaNamiNamo rahavIrapure samuppaNNaM // 30. ka -- " nihnava iti ko'rtha : ? svaprapaJcatastIrthakarabhASitaM nihnute'rtham iti nihnavo mithyAdRSTiH / uktaM ca sUtroktasyaikasyApyarocanAdakSarasya bhavati naraH / mithyAdRSTiH, sUtraM hi naH pramANaM jinAbhihitam // " 147 // haribhadrayavRtti / Avazyakaniryukti / gA. 778/ pR.208 / kha - " nihnava mithyAdRSTi kA hI eka prakAra hai / - |--- sAmAnya mithyAtvI aura nihnava meM yaha bheda hai ki sAmAnya mithyAtvI jinapravacana ko hI nahIM mAnatA athavA mithyA mAnatA hai, jaba ki nihnava usake kisI eka pakSa kA apane abhiniveza ke kAraNa paramparA se viruddha artha karatA hai tathA zeSa pakSoM ko paramparA ke anusAra hI svIkAra karatA hai / isa prakAra nihnava vAstava meM jainaparamparA ke bhItara hI eka nayA sampradAya khar3A kara detA hai|" (DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA : jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa / bhAga 3 / pR. 189) / kintu maladhArI zrI hemacandra sUri ne ATha nihnavoM meM se sAta ko to dezavisaMvAdI (jinavacana ke ekadeza kI viparIta vyAkhyA karanevAlA) kahA hai, jaba ki 'boTika' (digambara) nAmaka AThaveM nihnavoM ko sarvavisaMvAdI ( sampUrNa jinopadeza kI viparIta vyAkhyA karanevAlA) batalAyA hai / (hema. vRtti / pAtanikA / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2550 ) / --- 31. ka - sAvatthI usabhapuraM seyaviyA mihila ullugAtIraM / purimaMtaraMji dasapura rahavIrapuraM ca nagarAI // 781 // Avazyakaniyukti / kha - chavvAsa - sayAiM navuttarAI taiyA siddhiM gayassa vIrassa / boDiyANa diTThI rahavIrapure to samuppaNNA // 145 // 32. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA / pR.535 / For Personal & Private Use Only AvazyakasUtra - mUlabhASya /

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a0 2 / pra0 2 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 47 hemacandrasUri ne boTikoM ko sarvApalApI ( samasta vacanoM kA niSedha karanevAlA), mahAmithyAdRSTi evaM sarvavisaMvAdI (sarvathA viparItamatavAlA) vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kiyA hai / yathA 66 'aSTamaM nagaraM dravyaliGgamAtreNApi bhinnAnAM sarvApalApinAM mahAmithyAdRzAM vakSyamANAnAM boTikanihnavAnAM lAghavArthamutpattisthAnamuktam" ( hema. vRtti / vize.bhA./gA.2303) / anuvAda - " ( Avazyakaniryukti kI gAthA 781 meM ) AThaveM nagara ( rathavIrapura) kA ullekha Age varNita kiye jAne vAle una boTika nAmaka nihnavoM kA saMkSepa meM nirdeza karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai, jo dravyaliMga se bhI bhinna, sarvApalApI tathA mahAmithyAdRSTi haiM / " "tadevamuktA dezavisaMvAdinaH sapta nihnavAH / atha sarvavisaMvAdinaH 'bahuraya paesa avvatta samucchA duga tiga abaddhiyA ceva' ityAdigAthAyAM ca zabdasagRhItAnaSTamAn boTikanihnavAnabhidhitsurAha - / " ( hema vRtti / pAtanikA / vize. bhA. / gA. 2550 ) / anuvAda - " isa prakAra yaha una sAta nihnavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo dezavisaMvAdI (alpa viparItamatavAle) haiN| aba 'bahuraya' ityAdi Avazyakaniryukti kI gAthA meM 'ca' zabda se saMgRhIta usa boTika nAmaka AThaveM nihnava kA kathana kiyA jA rahA hai, jo sarvavisaMvAdI (sarvathA viparIta - matavAlA ) hai / " AvazyakacUrNikAra zrI jinadAsagaNimahattara likhate haiM- ye ( bahurata, jIvaprAdezika, avyaktika, sAmucchedika, dvaikriya, trairAzika tathA abaddhika) sAta nihnava to ekadezavisaMvAdI haiM, kintu jo ye boTika haiM, ve prabhUtatara visaMvAdI haiM- " ete ya egadesavisaMvAdiNo, ime aNNe pabhUtataravisaMvAdiNo boDiyA bhnnnnNti|" (Ava. cU./ upo. niryu. / Ava. suu./puu.bhaa./pR.427)| ye sabhI AcArya pA~cavI zatAbdI I0 ke bAda hue haiN| ataH inake samaya meM yApanIya sampradAya 'yApanIya' nAma se hI maujUda thA aura vaha itanA prasiddha evaM rAjamAnya thA ki IsI kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI 33 ke kadambanarezoM ke abhilekhoM meM yApanIyasaMgha ko zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha, nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha tathA kUrcakasaMgha ke sAtha bhUmi Adi ke dAna dvArA satkRta kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / 34 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki ye sabhI sampradAya 33. kadambanareza mRgezavarmA (san 470-490) / gulAbacanda caudharI : prastAvanA / pR.26 / jainazilAlekha saMgraha / mANikacandra / bhA. 3 | 34. dekhie, isI adhyAya kA SaSTha prakaraNa / zIrSaka 2 - 'abhilekhoM meM 'nirgrantha' zabda digambarajainamuni kA vAcaka / ' For Personal & Private Use Only

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48 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 usa samaya eka-dUsare se aura unakI dhArmika mAnyatAoM se suparicita the| ataH uparyukta zvetAmbarAcArya apane samaya meM vidyamAna prasiddha yApanIyasampradAya se avazya hI suparicita rahe hoNge| tathApi unhoMne boTikoM ko na to kahIM 'yApanIya' zabda se varNita kiyA hai, na hI yApanIyoM ke liye mahAmithyAdRSTi, sarvApalApI, prabhUtataravisaMvAdI tathA nihnava Adi vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isase siddha hai ki yApanIyoM ke prati unameM sAdharmIvat AdarabhAva thA, kyoMki strImukti, kevalIbhukti Adi dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI dRSTi se unameM paraspara atyadhika samAnatA thii| yaha zrI haribhadrasUri kI vyAkhyAoM se ekadama spaSTa hai| unhoMne apane vyAkhyAgranthoM meM boTikoM aura yApanIyoM, donoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura boTikoM ko to nihnava, mithyAdRSTi tathA prabhUtavisaMvAdI kahA hai, kintu yApanIyoM ko apane strImuktisiddhAnta kA samarthaka batalAyA hai, aura isa siddhAnta ko puSTa karane vAle aneka tarka yApanIyatantra se grahaNa kara apanI strImukti-mAnyatA ko unhoMne pramANita kiyA hai| isa taraha haribhadrasUri ne boTikoM aura yApanIyoM ko na kevala parasparabhinna do sampradAyoM ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai, apitu unameM pUrva aura pazcima dizAoM ke samAna atyanta vaiparItya bhI pradarzita kiyA hai| Avazyakaniyukti (bhA.1) kI 'satteyA diTThIo' isa 786vIM gAthA kI vyAkhyA karate hue haribhadrasUri likhate haiM-"saptaitA dRSTayaH, boTikAstu mithyAdRSTaya eveti na tdvicaarH|" arthAt bahurata, jIvaprAdezika Adi ye sAta nihnava to darzana haiM, kintu boTikamata mithyAdarzana hI hai| isalie usakA isa gAthA meM vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt ve 'chavvAsa-sayAiM navuttarAI' isa AvazyakamUlabhASya kI gAthA (145) kI prastAvanA meM kahate haiM-"bhaNitAzca dezavisaMvAdino nihnavAH sAmpratamanenaiva prastAvena prabhUtavisaMvAdino boTikA bhnnynte|"35 arthAt dezavisaMvAdI (alpa matabhedavAle) nihnavoM kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| aba isI prasaMga meM prabhUtavisaMvAdI boTikoM kA kathana kiyA jA rahA hai| ina uddharaNoM meM haribhadrasUri ne boTikoM ko mithyAdRSTi evaM prabhUtavisaMvAdI (atyantaviruddhamatAvalambI) kahA hai, kintu nimna vaktavya meM yApanIyoM ko apane strImuktisiddhAnta kA samarthaka batalAkara samyagdRSTi evaM avisaMvAdI (samAnamatAvalambI) siddha kiyA hai ekko vi NamokkAro jiNavaravasahassa bddhmaannss| saMsArasAgarAo tArei naraM va nAriM vaa|| 3 // anuvAda-"jinavaroM meM zreSTha varddhamAna svAmI ko kiyA gayA eka bhI namaskAra puruSa aura strI ko saMsAra-sAgara se pAra lagA detA hai|" 35. hAribhadrIyavRtti/pAtanikA/Avazyakaniyukti/bhA.1/ AvazyakamUlabhASya/gAthA 145/pR. 215 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 49 yaha haribhadrasUrikRta lalitavistarA ke strImukti-prakaraNa kI tIsarI gAthA hai| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue, haribhadrasUri likhate haiM "puruSagrahaNaM puruSottamadharmapratipAdanArtham , strIgrahaNaM tAsAmapi tadbhava eva saMsArakSayo bhavatIti jnyaapnaarthm|(striimuktau yApanIyatantrapramANam)-yathoktaM yApanIyatantre 'No khalu itthI ajIvo, Na yAvi abhavvA, Na yAvi daMsaNavirohiNI, No amANusA, No aNAriumpatti, No asaMkhejAuyA, No aikUramaI, No Na uvasantamohA, No Na suddhAcArA, No asuddhaboMdI, No Na vavasAyavajiyA, No apuvvakaraNavirohiNI (pra.---virAhiNI), No NavaMguNaThANa-rahiyA, No ajoggA laddhIe, No akallANabhAyaNaM ti kahaM na uttamadhammasAhiga ti|" (pR. 401-402) / / anuvAda-"isa gAthA meM 'puruSa' (nara) zabda kA grahaNa yaha batalAne ke lie kiyA gayA hai ki dharma puruSapradhAna hai (dharma meM puruSoM kA sthAna pramukha hai)| 'strI' (nArI) zabda kA grahaNa yaha sUcita karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai ki striyA~ bhI usI bhava meM mokSa prApta kara sakatI haiN| (strImukti ke viSaya meM yApanIyazAstra kA pramANa)-jaisA ki yApanIyazAstra meM kahA gayA hai, strI ajIva nahIM hai, abhavya bhI nahIM hai, darzana-virodhI bhI nahIM hai, amanuSya nahIM hai, anAryadezotpanna nahIM hai, asaMkhyavarSAyuSka nahIM hai, atikrUrahRdayA nahIM hai, upazAntamoha na ho sake, aisI nahIM hai, zuddhAcArarahita nahIM hai, azuddhazarIravAlI nahIM hai, paralokahitakara-pravRtti se zUnya nahIM hai, apUrvakaraNavirodhinI nahIM hai, nau guNasthAnoM (chaThaveM se caudahaveM taka) se rahita nahIM hai, labdhi ke ayogya nahIM hai, akalyANa kI pAtra nahIM hai, taba uttama dharma kI sAdhaka kyoM nahI ho sakatI?" ___haribhadrasUrikRta 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' ke TIkAkAra guNaratna (14 vIM zatI I0) ne bhI yApanIyoM ke mata ko zvetAmbaramata se prAyaH avisaMvAdI (mela rakhanevAlA) pratipAdita kiyA hai| yathA "digambarAH punarnAgnyaliGgAH paannipaatraashc| te caturdhA kaasstthaasnggh-muulsngghmaathur-sngghgopysnggh-bhedaat| kASThAsaGgha camarIbAlaiH picchikA, mUlasaGke mAyUrapicchaiH picchikA, mAthurasaGke mUlato'pi picchikA nAdRtA, gopyA maayuurpicchikaa| Adyastrayo'pi saGghA vandyamAnA dharmavRddhiM bhaNanti, strINAM muktiM, kevalinAM bhuktiM, savratasyApi sacIvarasya muktiM ca na mnvte| gopyAstu vandhamAnA dharmalAbhaM bhaNanti, strINAM muktiM kevalinAM bhuktiM ca mnynte| gopyA yApanIyA itypyucynte|" (ta. ra. dI./ SaDdarzana-samuccaya / adhikAra 4 / pR.161)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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50 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 2 anuvAda - "digambara nagna rahate haiM tathA apane pANipAtra meM hI AhArajala grahaNa karate haiN| unake cAra bheda haiM : kASThAsaMgha, mUlasaMgha, mAthurasaMgha aura gopyasaMgha / kASThAsaMgha meM camarIgAya ke bAloM kI picchikA rakhI jAtI hai| mUlasaMgha meM morapaMkhoM kI picchikA lI jAtI hai| mAthurasaMgha meM kisI bhI prakAra kI pIchI kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA / gopyasaMghavAle muni mayUrapicchikA grahaNa karate haiN| pahale ke tIna saMghoM ke sAdhu namaskAra kiye jAne para ' dharmavRddhi ho' yaha AzIrvAda dete haiM / ve strImukti, kevalibhukti aura sadvratI hote hue bhI vastradhArI kI mukti nahIM mAnate / kintu gopyasaMghavAle sAdhu namaskAra kiye jAne para 'dharmalAbha ho' yaha AzIrvAda dete haiM tathA strImukti aura kevalibhukti mAnate haiM / gopyoM ko yApanIya bhI kahate haiM / " guNaratna ke isa kathana spaSTa hotA hai ki yApanIya zvetAmbaroM ke samAna strImukti, kevalibhukti tathA gRhasthamukti mAnate the, isalie zvetAmbaroM ke sAtha unakA prabhUtatara saMvAda (atyadhika vicArasAmya) thA, phalasvarUpa prabhUtatara visaMvAdI boTikoM se bhinna the| isakI puSTi isa bAta se bhI hotI hai ki guNaratna ne yApanIyoM kA eka anya nAma 'gopya' to batalAyA hai, kintu 'boTika' nahIM batalAyA / prastuta prasaMga meM boTikoM ke lie prayukta mahAmithyAdRSTi, sarvavisaMvAdI aura sarvApalApI vizeSaNa dhyAna dene yogya haiN| ye vizeSaNa sUcita karate haiM ki boTika zvetAmbaroM kI strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi sabhI maulika mAnyatAoM kA niSedha karate the, jo yApanIyoM ke dvArA nahIM kiyA jAtA thA, kevala digambaroM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA thA / ataH boTikoM se tAtparya digambaroM se hI thA / 6.3. prAcIna zvetAmbaragranthoM meM boTikoM kI 'digambara' saMjJA isIlie sabhI prAcIna zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne boTikoM ko 'digambara' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai aura strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi kA virodhI batalAyA hai / yathA 1. zrI maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI vRtti meM boTikakathA se zivabhUti ke viSaya meM do niSkarSa nikAle haiM : pahalA yaha ki vaha sAdhu ke lie vastrapAtrAdi samasta bAhyaparigraha kA virodhI thA, dUsarA yaha ki vaha strImukti kA samarthaka nahIM thaa| isalie hemacandrasUri ne uttarAdhyayana kI bRhaTTIkA se vastra kI AvazyakatA aura strImukti ko siddha karanevAle hetuoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki jinheM vistAra se jAnane kI icchA hai, unheM uttarAdhyayana kI bRhaTTIkA dekhanA caahie| ve hetu isa prakAra haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 2 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 51 ka - jo jisa vastu ko cAhatA hai, vaha usake nimitta aura upAdAna kI AkAMkSA karatA hai, jaise ghaTa ko cAhanevAlA usake mRtpiNDarUpa upAdAna ko cAhatA hai| isI prakAra muniyoM ko cAritra kI AkAMkSA hotI hai, aura usakA nimitta vastra hai, ataH ve vastra ko cAhate haiM / kha - jisa vastu kI utpatti jahA~ nahIM hotI, vahA~ utpatti ke sampUrNa kAraNoM kA abhAva hotA hai, jaise zuddha (miTTI Adi se rahita ) zilA meM aMkurotpatti ke kAraNa na hone se aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA / kintu striyoM meM mukti ke kAraNoM kA abhAva nahIM hai, ataH unakI mukti kA bhI abhAva nahIM hai / 36 boTika zivabhUti kI mAnyatAoM ko aprAmANika siddha karane ke lie zrI hemacandrasUri ne muni ke lie vastradhAraNa ke aucitya aura strImukti ko siddha karane kA jo yaha prayatna kiyA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki ve boTika zivabhUti ko digambaramata kA pravartaka mAnate the| mAlavaNiyA jI kA mata yukti-pramANaviruddha - paM0 dalasukha jI mAlavaNiyA likhate haiM ki zrI hemacandrasUri ne nagnatA ke bhrama se boTika ko digambara mAna liyA hai, isIlie unhoMne yahA~ strImukti kI carcA uThAI hai| mUla boTikakathA meM strImukti kI carcA kI koI sUcanA hI nahIM hai, ataH hemacandrasUri ko yaha carcA uThAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| 37 cU~ki mAlavaNiyA jI ne boTikoM ko yApanIya mAnA hai, isalie unake kathana kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki zrI hemacandrasUri ne 'nagnatA' ke bhrama se yApanIyoM ko digambara mAna liyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke itane bar3e vRttikAra evaM samakAlIna yApanIya sampradAya ke pratyakSadarzI bahuzruta AcArya ko mAnanIya mAlavaNiyA jI itanA ajJAnI samajhate haiM ki ve yApanIya aura digambaroM ke bheda ko bhI pahacAnane meM asamartha 36. " etAsAM ca boTika - vyatikara - sambaddhAnAM sarvAsAmapi gAthAnAmarthaM saMkSipya 'iha yo yadarthI na sa tannimittopAdAnaM pratyAnAdRtaH, yathA ghaTArthI mRtpiNDopAdAnaM prati, cAritrArthinazca yatayaH, tannimittaM ca cIvaramiti, na cAsyAsiddhatvam' ityAdinA sUtra - vastra - pAtraparigrahaviSayaM vAdasthAnakaM vRddhairvicAritamAste, taccottarAdhyayaneSu dvitIye pariSahAdhyayane AcelakyaparISahe bRhaTTIkAyAM tdrthinaanvessnniiym| tathA 'iha khalu yasya yatrAsambhavo na tasya tatra kAraNAvaikalyaM, yathA zuddhazilAyAM zAlyaGkurasya, asti ca tathAvidhastrISu mukteH kAraNAvaikalyaM, na cAyamasiddho hetuH' ityAdinA viracitaM strInirvANaviSayamapi vAdasthAnakaM tatraiva SaTtrizattamAdhyayane drssttvym|" (hema.vRtti./ vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2606-2609 ) / 37. 'kyA boTika digambara haiM?' Aspect of Jainology, Vol. II, Page 71. For Personal & Private Use Only

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52 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 2 the, jisase unhoMne yApanIyoM ko bhrama se digambara mAna liyA / yaha to itanA bar3A ajJAna hai ki isake kAraNa unheM zvetAmbara aura digambara kA bhI bheda pahacAnane meM asamartha mAnanA hogaa| isase to ve vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI TIkA ke bhI ayogya siddha ho jAte haiM / kintu, maiM yaha mAnane meM asamartha hU~ ki zrI maladhArI hemacandrasUri itane ajJAnI the ki unhoMne bhrama se yApanIyoM ko digambara mAna liyA hai| vastutaH unhoMne zivabhUti ko usake nagna ho jAne se digambara nahIM mAnA hai, apitu vaha vastragrahaNa ko mUrcchA, bhaya, kaSAya Adi aneka doSoM kI utpatti kA kAraNa batalAkara mokSa meM sarvathA bAdhaka mAnatA hai tathA kahatA hai ki kevala jinaliMgarUpa jinakalpa (sarvathA vastrarahita nagna mudrA) se hI mokSa ho sakatA hai - " paralokArthinA sa eva niSparigraho jinakalpaH karttavyaH, kiM punaranena kaSAyabhaya- mUrcchAdidoSanidhinA parigrahAnarthena "38 usakI isa vicArAdhArA se use digambara mAnA hai, kyoMki ekamAtra jinaliMga (nagnamudrA) se mokSa mAnane kA phalitArtha hai- zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ko mAnya savastramukti ko asvIkAra karanA / savastramukti kI asvIkRti se sthavirakalpiyoM, gRhasthoM, paratIrthikoM aura striyoM kI mukti amAnya ho jAtI hai| ataH savastramukti ko amAnya karanA digambara hone kA hI lakSaNa hai| isa prakAra hemacandrasUri nagnatA ke bhrama meM par3a kara nahIM, apitu zivabhUti ke saiddhAntika tarkoM ke tala meM utarakara isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki vaha digambara hai| isalie bhale hI mUla boTikakathA meM spaSTa zabdoM meM strImukti kI carcA nahIM hai, kintu usameM kI gaI saiddhAntika carcA isI niSkarSa para pahu~cAtI hai ki zivabhUti strImukti kA virodhI hai| hemacandrasUri ne yaha bhI dekhA hai ki vaha apane sampradAya meM apanI bahina uttarA ko dIkSita nahIM karatA, kevala do puruSoM, kauNDinya aura kuTTavIra ko dIkSA detA hai aura unhIM se boTikaparamparA pracalita hotI hai / isa saiddhAntika vaiziSTya aura vyAvahArika dRSTAnta ke AdhAra para hI zrI hemacandrasUri isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce ki boTika zabda kA prayoga digambaroM ke lie hI kiyA gayA hai| isase mAnanIya mAlavaNiyA jI kA yaha kathana bhI asatya siddha ho jAtA hai ki prAraMbhika zvetAmbarAcArya strImukti-niSedhaka digambarasampradAya se paricita nahIM the, kyoMki eka to ve boTika nAma se digambarasampradAya se paricita the, dUsare nagnakSapaNaka yA kSapaNaka nAma se bhI isa sampradAya ko ve jAnate the / udAharaNArtha hemacandrasUri ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gAthA 2585 ) kI vRtti meM pUrvapakSa kI ora se yaha gAthA uddhRta kI hai 38. hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2552 / pR.511 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 53 jArisiyaM guruligaM sIseNa vi tAriseNa hoyvvN| na hi hoi buddhasIso seyavaDo naggakhavaNo vaa|| arthAt jaisA guru kA liMga (veza) hotA hai, vaisA hI ziSya kA bhI honA cAhie, kyoMki buddha kA ziSya zvetavastradhArI yA nagnakSapaNaka nahIM ho sktaa| isa gAthA meM 'nagnakSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga hai, jise zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne hI 'digambara' artha kA vAcaka batalAyA hai-'kSapaNako digmbrH|39 upAdhyAya dharmasAgarajI ne apane 'pravacanaparIkSA' nAmaka grantha ke pUrvabhAga-dvitIyavizrAma meM boTika mata kI utpatti kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai tattha ya khamaNo ramaNo duggaivaNiAi jeNa vnniaae| na muNai muttiM bhuttiM kevaliNo kvlbhoiss|| 3 // tassumpatti navahia-chavvAsa-saehiM viirnivvaannaa| rahavIrapure kaMbalakohAo shssmllaao|| 4 // anuvAda-"kSapaNaka (boTika) strI kI mukti tathA kevalI kA kavalAhArI honA nahIM mAnate, isalie ve nArakAdi-durgatirUpI strI ke pati haiN| inake boTikamata kI utpatti vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda rathavIrapura nagara meM kambalakrodhI (ratnakambala ke nimitta se jise krodha A gayA thA) sahasramalla (zivabhUti) nAmaka puruSa se huI thii|" pravacanaparIkSAkAra ukta gAthAoM kI vRtti meM likhate haiM "kSapaNako bottiko---| boTiko vanitAyAH muktiM na mnyte| --- tathA kavalabhojinaH tathAvidhavedanIyakarmodayAt kSudvedanopazamAya kavalAhAraM grahAnasya kevalina:---bhojanaM, kevalinAM kavalAhAro na bhavatItyupadezena prtissedhyti|" (prava.parI./vRtti./ gA.3 / pR.66)| anuvAda-"kSapaNaka boTika ko kahate haiN| boTika strI kI mukti nahIM mAnate tathA kSudhA-vedanIyakarma ke udaya se utpanna kSudhA ko zAnta karane ke lie kavalAhAra grahaNa karanevAle kevalI ke viSaya meM kahate haiM ki ve kavalAhAra nahIM krte|" "tasya boTikasyotpattiH vIranirvANAt navAdhikaSaTzatavaSaiH 609 rvyatIta rathavIranagare jAtetyutpattikAlaH prdrshitH| kasmAjAtetyAha---rAjamAnya-sahasra 39. pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti / 1 / 1 / 8/ pR.19 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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54 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02. mallAbhidhAnazivabhUtyaparanAmnaH purussaaditi| anena digambaramatasyAdikartA prdrshitH|" (prava.parI./ vRtti / gA.4/ pR.66)| anuvAda-"inake boTikamata kI utpatti vIranirvANa ke bAda 609 varSa vyatIta hone para rathavIra nagara meM rAjamAnya sahasramalla nAmaka puruSa se huI thI, jisakA dUsarA nAma zivabhUti thaa| isa kathana se digambaramata ke AdikartA kA bodha karAyA gayA hai|" pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne boTika zivabhUti kI strImukti-virodhI mAnyatA kA tArkika anusandhAna isa prakAra kiyA hai "atha yadA zivabhUtinA nagnabhAvo'bhyupagatastadAnImuttarAnAmnyAH svabhaginyA vstrpridhaanmnujnyaatm| evaM ca sati yadi strINAM muktiM prarUpayati tadA savastranirvastrayoravizeSApattyA svakIyanagnabhAvasya kevalaM klezataivApadyeteti vicintya strINAM muktinissiddhaa|" (prava.parI./vRtti / pAtanikA /1/2/19 / pR.82)| anuvAda-"jisa samaya zivabhUti ne nagnaveza dhAraNa kiyA, usI samaya usane apanI uttarA nAma kI bahina ko vastra dhAraNa karane kI AjJA dii| isa sthiti meM yadi vaha strImukti kA prarUpaNa karatA, to mokSa ke lie vastradhAraNa karane aura na karane meM koI vizeSatA na rahane se usakA nagna rahanA kevala kleza kA kAraNa siddha hotaa| isalie usane strImukti kA niSedha kara diyaa|" zivabhUti ke kevalibhukti-virodhI mata kA yukti ke dvArA udghATana pravacanaparIkSAkAra ina zabdoM meM karate haiM "athotpannadivyajJAnA arhanto na bhikSArthaM vrajanti, sAdhvAnItAnnAdibhuktau ca saptavidhaH pAtraniryogo'vazyamabhyupagantavyaH syaat| tathA ca nAgnyavrataM strImuktiniSedhazcetyubhayamapi dattAJjalyeva syAditi vicintya zivabhUtinA kevalino bhuktinissiddhaa|" (prava.parI./vRtti/pAtanikA/1/2/43/ pR.104)| anuvAda-"kevalajJAna hone para arahanta bhikSA ke lie nahIM jAte aura sAdhuoM dvArA lAye gaye annAdi kA bhojana karane kI sthiti meM sAta prakAra kA pAtraniryoga svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai| aisA karane para nAgnyavrata aura strImuktiniSedha donoM ko tilAMjali denI hogI, yaha socakara zivabhUti ne kevalI ke kavalAhAra kA niSedha kara diyaa|" ina vaktavyoM meM pravacanaparIkSA ke kartA ne boTikamata ko digambaramata kahA hai tathA boTikoM ko strImukti tathA kevalibhukti kA pratiSedhaka batalAyA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 55 kalpasUtra kI kalpalatA-vyAkhyA meM zrI samayasundaragaNI ne sthavirAvalI kA varNana karate hue likhA hai "dhaNagiriziSyaH sivabhUI 4 / zivabhUtiziSyaH eko bottknaamaa'bhuut| tasmAt vIrAt saM. 609 varSe boTakamataM jAtaM digmbrmtmityrthH|" (aSTama vyaakhyaan/pR.235)| __anuvAda-"dhaNagiri kA ziSya zivabhUti thaa| zivabhUti kA eka boTaka nAma kA ziSya thaa| usase vIra nirvANa saMvat 609 meM boTakamata arthAt digambaramata kI utpatti huii|" __yahA~ yadyapi zivabhUti kI bajAya usake eka boTaka nAmaka ziSya se boTakamata kI utpatti batalAI gaI hai, tathApi boTakamata ko digambaramata kahA gayA hai| ratnarSi nAmaka zvetAmbara vidvAn ne bhagavadvAgvAdinI nAmaka grantha meM "vikramAdUtukhayugAbde 406 devanandI, tato guNanandikumAranandilokacandrAnantaraM muniraiyugAbde prathamaH prabhAcandra iti bauTike" tathA "yattu devanandiboTikaM" pUjyapAda iti ---"40 ina uktiyoM meM pUjyapAda devanandI, prabhAcandra Adi digambarAcAryoM ko boTika kahA hai| isa prakAra digambara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM ke bIca rahanevAle ina AcAryoM ne boTikoM aura yApanIyoM meM pUrva aura pazcima ke samAna atyanta vaiparItya pradarzita kiyA hai| jahA~ boTikoM ko mahAmithyAdRSTi, sarvApalApI aura sarvavisaMvAdI kahA hai, vahA~ yApanIyoM ko apane strImukti-siddhAnta ke samarthakarUpa meM varNita kiyA hai| donoM sampradAyoM se bhalI bhA~ti paricita ina AcAryoM ke dvArA ina donoM meM itanA vaiparItya batalAye jAne para bhI paM0 mAlavaNiyA aura DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne inheM eka mAnA hai, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai| Azcarya para Azcarya yaha hai ki DaoN0 sAgaramala jI eka ora to yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki zvetAmbarasAhitya meM aisA spaSTa ullekha kahIM nahIM milatA ki boTika aura yApanIya eka haiM, dUsarI ora yaha bhI kahate haiM ki zvetAmbarasAhitya meM inake bAre meM jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, use dekhane se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki donoM zabda eka hI paramparA ke sUcaka haiN| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.8)| zvetAmbarasAhitya meM boTikoM aura yApanIyoM se sambaddha jo vivaraNa hai, vaha Upara prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai| kyA use dekhane se lagatA hai ki boTika aura yApanIya 40. paM. nAthUrAma premI : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa/ dvi.saM./ pR.53-54 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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56 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 2 donoM eka hI paramparA ke nAma haiM? zvetAmbaragranthoM meM yApanIyoM kA vivaraNa kevala do jagaha milatA hai, haribhadrasUri kI 'lalitavistarA' meM aura unake hI 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI guNaratnakRta TIkA meN| donoM jagaha yApanIyoM ko strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA samarthaka batalAyA gayA hai| isake alAvA unake bAre meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA gyaa| boTikoM kA vivaraNa aneka granthoM meM hai, lekina una saba meM unheM vastrapAtrAdi parigraha ko mUrcchA, bhaya aura kaSAya kA kAraNa batalAnevAlA evaM ekamAtra jinakalpa ko hI mokSamArga pratipAdita karanevAlA, ata eva strImukti evaM kevalibhukti kA virodhI, digambara kahA gayA hai| unako mahAmithyAdRSTi, sarvApalApI aura sarvavisaMvAdI vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai, yahA~ taka ki unake dRSTigocara hone ko mahAn apazakuna kA kAraNa batalAyA hai| 41 jaba ki yApanIyoM ko inameM se eka bhI vizeSaNa nahIM diyA gayA, balki unake strImuktipoSaka tarkoM ko zvetAmbaroM ne apane lie pramANarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| kyA ina vivaraNoM se sUcita hotA hai ki boTika aura yApanIya eka hI paramparA ke nAma haiM? inase to yaha sUcita hotA hai ki ye donoM dina aura rAta ke samAna paraspara viparIta paramparAoM ke nAma haiN| jo boTika sarvApalApI haiM arthAt zvetAmbarasampradAya ke strImukti, kevalibhukti, gRhasthamukti, anyatIrthikamukti Adi samasta maulika siddhAntoM kA niSedha karate haiM, ve strImukti Adi zvetAmbarasiddhAntoM kA samarthana karanevAle yApanIya kaise ho sakate haiM? ina vivaraNoM se yaha bAta samajha meM A jAtI hai ki zvetAmbara sAhitya meM boTikoM aura yApanIyoM ko kahIM bhI eka kyoM nahIM kahA gayA ? sAre vivaraNa sUcita karate haiM ki eka haiM hI nahIM, taba unheM eka kaise kahA jA sakatA thA? DaoNkTara sA0 ne boTikoM aura digambaroM ke ekatvasUcaka vivaraNoM ko boTikoM evaM yApanIyoM ke ekatva kA sUcaka mAna liyA hai| yaha strItva ke sUcaka aMgoM ko puruSatva ke sUcaka aMga mAna lene ke samAna mahAn bhrAnti se grasta ho jAne kA sUcaka hai| DaoNkTara sA0 likhate haiM ki sabhI zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne boTikoM ko bhrama se digambara mAna liyA hai| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR. 8) / kintu jaba ye vivaraNa hI unheM digambara siddha 49. cakkayarammi bhamADo, bhukkAmAro ya paMDuraMgammi / taccinnaa ruhirapaDanaM, boDiamasiye dhuvaM maraNaM // oghaniryuktibhASya / anuvAda - jaina sAdhu ke cAturmAsa hetu kisI grAma, nagara meM praveza karate samaya yadi koI cakradhara bhikSu sAmane mile, to sAdhu ko cAturmAsa meM bhramaNa karanA par3egA, pAMDuraMga bhikSu ke milane para bhUkhoM maranA par3egA, bauddha bhikSu ke darzana hone para raktapAta hogA kintu boTika yA azveta bhikSu mile to nizcita rUpa se maraNa hogaa| (siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI abhinandana grantha / pRSTha 204 tathA ' zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra'/pR.278) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 57 kara rahe hoM, taba unheM digambara mAnanA bhrama kaise kahalA sakatA hai? yaha to yathArthajJAna hI hai| hA~, unheM digambara na mAnanA bhrama kahalA sakatA hai| jo AcArya svayaM boTikoM ko digambara siddha karanevAle pramANa prastuta kara rahe hoM, ve unheM digambara na mAneM, yaha kaise ho sakatA thA? DaoNkTara sA0 ne yApanIyasampradAya ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA kA sahI rUpa meM pratinidhitva karanevAlA kahA hai| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ lekhakIya / pR.v)| DaoNkTara sA0 kI dRSTi se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sahI paramparAH vahI hai, jo unhoMne svayaM kalpita kI hai arthAt acela-sacela donoM mArgoM se mokSa mAnanevAlI prmpraa| yApanIyasampradAya ko mahAvIra ke nAma se kalpita kI gayI isa paramparA kA sahI pratinidhi avazya mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu yApanIyoM ko boTika mAnane para yaha sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki zvetAmbarazAstroM meM boTikoM ko AThavA~ nihnava kahA gayA hai| nihnava kA artha hai tIrthaMkara ke upadeza ko amAnya karanevAlA aura apanA mata calAnevAlA mithyAdRSTi puruSa, jaisA ki zrI haribhadrasUri ne kahA hai-"nihnava iti ko'rthaH? svaprapaJcatastIrthakarabhASitaM nihnate'rtham---iti nihnavo mithyaadRssttiH|" (hAri.vRtti./Ava.niyu/gA. 778/pR. 208) / ataH yApanIyoM ko boTika mAnane para ve (yApanIya) tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nAma se kalpita kiye gaye sacelAcela mokSamArga ke upadeza ko amAnya karanevAle siddha hote haiM, na ki sahI pratinidhitva (anugamana) krnevaale| isalie yApanIyoM aura boTikoM ke ekatva kI mAnyatA kA parityAga kiye binA DaoNkTara sA0 kA uparyukta mata satya siddha nahIM ho sktaa| zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne mahAvIra ke dvArA jisa sacela mokSamArga kA upadeza diye jAne kI kalpanA kI hai, use digambaroM ne hI amAnya kiyA hai aura mUlasaMgha yA nirgranthasaMgha nAmaka digambarasaMgha ke mata ko hI zvetAmbaroM ne navIna pracalita mata mAnA hai, isalie boTikakathA ke anusAra digambara hI AThaveM nihnava siddha hote haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki Avazyakaniyukti Adi zvetAmbaragranthoM meM digambaroM ko hI boTika kahA gayA hai, yApanIyoM ko nhiiN| isa prakAra boTika aura yApanIya eka hI paramparA ke nAma nahIM hai, apitu paraspara viparIta paramparAoM ke abhidhAna haiN| 6.4. Adhunika zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kA mata : boTika-digambara eka aneka Adhunika zvetAmbara AcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ne bhI 'boTika' zabda se 'digambara' artha hI grahaNa kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha 1. unnIsavIM zatAbdI I0 ke zvetAmbarAcArya zrI vijayAnanda sUrIzvara 'AtmArAma' * jI ne apane grantha 'tattvanirNayaprAsAda' meM likhA hai-"tisa zivabhUti ne do cele kare For Personal & Private Use Only

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58 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 kauDinya 1, koSTavIra 2, ina donoM kI ziSyaparamparA se kAlAntara meM mata kI vRddhi ho gii| aiseM digambara-mata utpanna huaa|" (pRSTha 544) / 2. mAnanIya paM0 becaradAsa jI jaina likhate haiM-"merI yaha prAmANika kalpanA hai ki mAthurI vAcanA ke samaya hI muniyoM meM spaSTarUpa se do dala ho gaye the| zvetAmbaroM meM jo digambaroM ke viSaya meM yaha dantakathA hai ki vIrAt 609 meM digambaroM kI utpatti huI hai, isa dantakathA meM batalAyA huA samaya aura mAthurI vAcanA kA samaya lagabhaga samIpa kA hone ke kAraNa pUrvokta merI mAnyatA ko puSTi milatI hai| --- eka ne dUsare ko boTika aura nihnava kahanA prAraMbha kiyA, taba dUsare ne usakA jabAba bhraSTa aura zithila zabdoM meM diyaa|" (jaina sAhitya meM vikAra / pR.45)| 3. prasiddha itihAsakAra zrI cimanalAla jaicandazAha ne likhA hai-"zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra isa panthabheda kA mUla nIce likhI bAtoM meM dIkhatA hai| rahavIra gA~va meM zivabhUti athavA sahasramalla nAma kA eka vyakti rahatA thaa| eka samaya usakI mAtA usase aprasanna ho gaI, isase vaha ghara chor3akara calA gayA aura jaina sAdhu bana gyaa| sAdhu kI dIkSA lene ke bAda rAjA ne use eka mUlyavAn kambala bheMTa kiyA aura vaha usase abhimAnI ho gyaa| usake guru ne isakI ora usakA dhyAna dilAyA, to vaha taba se hI nagna rahane lagA aura usane phira digambarasampradAya calA diyaa| usakI bahina uttarA ne bhI apane bhAI kA anukaraNa karane kA prayatna kiyaa| parantu striyA~ nagna raheM, yaha ucita nahIM lagane se zivabhUti ne usase kaha diyA ki strI mukti kI adhikAriNI nahIM hotii|" (uttarabhArata meM jainadharma / pR.64)| ___4. AcArya zrI hastImala jI likhate haiM-"zvetAmbaraparamparA meM boTikamata (digambaramata) kI utpatti ke varNana meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya, AvazyakacUrNi aura sthAnAMga Adi meM mUla-ghaTanA kI pUrNarUpeNa samAnatA aura vaiSamyarahita mana:sthiti kA paricaya milatA hai, jaba ki digambaraparamparA ke granthoM meM vividharUpatA va viSama mana:sthiti kI pratidhvani prakaTa hotI hai| donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM ke etadviSayaka ullekhoM se itanA to spaSTa hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 606 athavA 609 ke lagabhaga zvetAmbara-digambara kA sampradAyabheda prakaTa huaa|" (jai.dha.mau.i./ bhA.2 / pR. 613) / 5. zrI devendramuni zAstrI batalAte haiM ki "AvazyakabhASya, AvazyakacUrNi prabhRti zvetAmbaragranthoM meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa ke pazcAt zivabhUti ne rathavIrapura nagara meM boTika-digambaramata kI sthApanA kii|" (jai. A. sA. ma. mI./ pR.563)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 __ kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana /59 6.5. zvetAmbarasAhitya meM boTikoM kI 'yApanIya' saMjJA nahIM yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki boTikoM ko digambara to sabhI zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne kahA hai, kintu yApanIya kisI ne bhI nahIM khaa| yahA~ taka ki 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' ke TIkAkAra ne yApanIyoM kA eka anya nAma 'gopya' to batalAyA hai-"gopyA yApanIyA ityapyucyante" (pR.161), kintu 'boTika' nAma nahIM btlaayaa| isase bhI boTikoM kI yApanIyoM se bhinnatA aura digambaroM se abhinnatA siddha hotI hai| mAnanIya DaoN0 sAgaramala jI svayaM apane vacanAntara se yaha siddha karate haiM ki boTika aura yApanIya eka nahIM the| unhoMne boTikoM kI utpatti boTikakathA ke anusAra vIranirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda arthAt IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI meM mAnI hai, jaisA ki unhoMne nimnalikhita vAkyoM meM likhA hai-"AvazyakamUlabhASya meM jo vIranirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda arthAt IsA kI dvitIya zatI meM isa (boTika) sampradAya kI utpatti kA ullekha hai, vaha kisI sImA taka satya pratIta hotA hai|" (jai.dh.yaa.s./pR.17)| kintu unhoMne yApanIyasampradAya kA udbhava pA~cavI zatAbdI I0 meM batalAyA hai| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne tattvArtha-bhASya ko yApanIyakRti mAnA hai| isakA khaNDana karate hue DaoNkTara sA0 likhate haiM "bhASya to yApanIyaparamparA ke pUrva kA hai| bhASya tIsarI-cauthI zatI kA hai aura yApanIyasampradAya cauthI-pA~cavI zatI ke pazcAt hI kabhI astitva meM AyA hai|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.357)| umAsvAti ke sampradAyabheda kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya bhI DAkTara sA0 likhate haiM-"ve yApanIya bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki yApanIyasampradAya kA sarvaprathama abhilekhIya pramANa bhI vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha aura IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke uttarArdha (I0 san 475) kA milatA hai|" (jai.dh.yaa.s./pR.373)| / anyatra bhI unhoMne kahA hai-"tattvArthasUtra ke racanAkAla taka yApanIya utpanna hI nahIM hue the, ataH use (tattvArthasUtra ko) yApanIya (grantha) bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa|" (jai.dh.yaa.s./pR.350)| isa prakAra DaoN0 sA0 ke vacanoM ke anusAra jaba boTikasampradAya kA utpattikAla IsavI dvitIya zatAbdI hai aura yApanIyasampradAya kA udayakAla pA~cavI zatI IsavI hai, taba spaSTa hai ki DaoNkTara sA0 bhI donoM sampradAyoM ko eka nahIM maante| niSkarSa yaha ki kisI bhI zvetAmbara AcArya yA vidvAn ne boTikoM ko yApanIya nahIM kahA, jaba ki unheM, 'digambara' aneka zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne kahA hai| ataH zvetAmbaragranthoM meM 'boTika' zabda strImukti kA niSedha karanevAle digambaroM ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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60 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 kundakunda ke prathamataH yApanIyamatAvalambI hone kA mata asatya uparyukta pramANoM se yaha bhalIbhA~ti siddha ho jAtA hai ki boTika zivabhUti yApanIyamata kA pravartaka nahIM thA, isalie muni kalyANavijaya jI kI yaha kathA svataH asatya siddha ho jAtI hai ki kundakunda prArambha meM boTika zivabhUti dvArA pravartita yApanIyasampradAya meM dIkSita hue the aura kucha samaya pazcAt usase alaga hokara unhoMne digambaramata kI sthApanA kI thii| (a.bha.ma./pR. 327-328 / dekhie , isI prakaraNa kA zIrSaka 3) / __muni jI ne kundakunda ko yApanIyamata meM dIkSita siddha karane ke lie AvazyakamUlabhASya kI pUrvoddhRta 148 vI gAthA meM Aye 'koDinnakoTTavIrA' pada ko tor3ane-maror3ane kI koziza kI hai, aura AvazyakamUlabhASyakAra ke bhASAjJAna meM sandeha vyakta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM "bhASya kA pATha 'koDinnakoTTavIrA' hai, jisakA cUrNikAra ne 'koDinna' aura 'koTTavIra' isa prakAra padaccheda kiyA hai aura inheM zivabhUti kA ziSya likhA hai, parantu hamAre vicAra meM 'koDinnakoTTa' yaha 'koNDakoNDa' kA apabhraMza hai aura 'vIra' yaha vIranandI, vIrasena yA isase milate-julate nAmavAle AcArya kA nAma hai| bhASya meM inheM zivabhUti kA ziSya nahIM likhA hai, kintu 'paramparAsparzaka' (bhASya ke zabda-paraMparAphAsamuppaNNA) likhA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki ye zivabhUti ke dIkSAziSya nahIM, paramparAziSya the| adhika prasiddha hone ke kAraNa yA digambarazAkhA meM mahattvapUrNa kAryakara hone ke kAraNa bhASyakAra ne zivabhUti ke anantara inakA nAmollekha kiyA hai|" (zra.bha.ma. / pA.Ti. / pR.294-295)| kintu jaisA padaccheda cUrNikAra ne kiyA hai, vaisA hI haribhadrasUri tathA hemacandrasUri ne bhI kiyA hai| dekhie 1. "boTikazivabhUteH sakAzAt boTikaliGgasya bhvtyutpttiH| --- tataH kauDinyaH kuTTavIrazca, 'sarvo dvandvo vibhASayA ekavadbhavatI' ti kauNDinyakoTTavIraM tasmAt paramparAsparzamAcAryaziSyasambandhalakSaNamadhikRtyotpannA sajAtA, boTikadRSTiradhyAharaNIyeti gaathaarthH|" (hAri.vRtti / Ava.niryu./ mUlabhASya gaa.148)| 2. "tataH zivabhUtinA kauNDinya-koTTavIranAmAnau dvau ziSyau diikssitau| ---- tasmAt kauNDinya-koTTavIrAt paramparAsparzamAcArya-ziSyasambandha-lakSaNamadhikRtyotpannA sajAtA 'boTikadRSTiH' itydhyaahaarH|" (hema.vRtti / vishe.bhaa./gaa.2550-51)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 61 muni kalyANavijaya jI ne ina cAroM sUriyoM ke bhASAjJAna aura vyAkaraNajJAna para praznacinha lagAkara apane hI jJAna ko sahI ThaharAyA hai| yahA~ nimnalikhita prazna uThate haiM 1. isakA kyA pramANa hai ki 'koDinna aura koTTavIra' yaha padaccheda sahI nahIM hai, apitu 'koDinnakoTTa aura vIra' yaha sahI hai? 2. isakA bhI kyA pramANa hai ki 'koDinnakoTTa' 'koNDakoNDa' kA apabhraMza (bigar3A huA rUpa) hai? 3. AvazyakamUlabhASyakAra ne prAkRta aura saMskRta ke jJAtA hote hue bhI ukta bigar3e hue rUpa kA prayoga kyoM kiyA? ina praznoM kA samAdhAna karanevAle pramANa prastuta kiye binA hI muni jI ne yaha ghoSita kara diyA ki ukta padaccheda sahI nahIM hai aura 'koDinnakoTa' 'koNDakoNDa' kA bigar3A huA rUpa hai| kintu , muni jI se ukta pramANoM kI apekSA nahIM kI jAnI cAhie, kyoMki unhoMne yaha dAvA nahIM kiyA hai ki unakI ghoSaNA pramANasiddha tathya hai| unhoMne to yaha kahA hai ki 'hamAre vicAra meM yaha aisA hai|' aura sarvajJa ke atirikta kisI bhI chadmastha kA vicAra pramANasiddha hue binA satya nahIM ho sakatA, ataH muni jI kI ghoSaNA satya nahIM hai| yataH yaha siddha karanevAlA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai ki cUrNikAra Adi dvArA kiyA gayA padaccheda doSapUrNa hai aura 'koDinnakoTTa' 'koNDakoNDa' kA apabhraMza hai, ataH siddha hai ki na to ukta padaccheda doSapUrNa hai, na hI ukta zabda apabhraMza hai| isa chalavAda ke dvArA munijI ne yaha sAbita karane kI koziza kI hai ki koNDakoNDa (kundakunda) zivabhUti ke ziSya the, arthAt Arambha meM yApanIyaparamparA meM dIkSita hue the| isI prakAra paramparAsparzam (paraMparAphAsaM) pada utpannA (uppaNNA) kriyA kA vizeSaNa hai, jisakA artha hai zivabhUti ke ziSya 'koDinna' aura 'koTTavIra' se jo guruziSya-paramparA calI, usase boTikamata vikasita huaa| kintu muni jI ne usakI jagaha paramparAsparzakam zabda kA prayoga kara use 'koDinnakoTTa' aura 'vIra' arthAt koNDakoNDa (kundakunda) aura vIra kA vizeSaNa banA diyA hai, jisase yaha abhiprAya dyotita hotA hai ki kundakunda zivabhUti ke sAkSAt ziSya nahIM the, apitu paramparA kA sparza karate hue ziSya bane the arthAt paramparAziSya the| isa chalavAda kA prayoga kara muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki For Personal & Private Use Only

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62 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 2 kundakunda zivabhUti ke samakAlIna ( IsavI prathama zatI ke) nahIM the, balki vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue the / kintu padaccheda kaisA bhI kara liyA jAya, jaba zivabhUti yApanIyamata kA pravartaka thA hI nahIM, taba lAkha koziza karane para bhI yaha siddha nahIM ho sakatA ki kundakunda kabhI yApanIya-paramparA meM dIkSita hue the| 8 kundakunda boTika zivabhUti se pUrvavartI boTika zivabhUti ke digambaramata svIkAra kara lene para bhI kundakunda kA usakI paramparA meM dIkSita honA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki ve usase pUrvavartI the / kundakunda IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura Isottara prathama zatI ke pUrvArdha meM hue the, jaba ki yuvA boTika zivabhUti ne Isottara prathama zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ( I0 san 82, vIra0 ni0 saM0 609) meM digambaramata svIkAra kiyA thA / kundakunda ke IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM hone kA sapramANa pratipAdana 'AcArya kundakunda kA samaya' nAmaka dazama adhyAya meM draSTavya hai / 9 kundakunda zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke paramparA - ziSya digambarasAhitya meM jo pramANa milate haiM, ve muni jI kI isa mAnyatA ko sarvathA jhuThalAte haiM ki kundakunda yApanIyaguru ke ziSya the| AcArya kundakunda ne svayaM apane ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA paramparAziSya batalAyA hai / 42 ve bodhapAhuDa meM kahate haiM saddaviyAro hUo bhAsAsuttesu jaM jiNe kahiyaM / so taha kahiyaM NAyaM sIseNa ya bhaddabAhussa // 61 // bArasaaMgaviyANaM suyaNANibhaddabAhU caudasapuvvaMgaviulavittharaNaM / gamaMyagurUbhayavao jayaU // 62 // anuvAda - " jinendra bhagavAn ne artharUpa se jo kathana kiyA hai, vaha bhASAsUtroM meM zabdavikAra ko prApta huA hai ( aneka prakAra ke zabdoM meM gU~thA gayA hai ) / bhadrabAhu 42. "I am tempted to take the word Sisya as, a Parampara sisya and this is not without a parallel else where. With Jaina authors guru and sisya do not necessarily mean direct, and contemporary teachers and pupils, but might even mean parampara guru and sisya, sometimes the influence of some previous teacher is so overwhelming that later pupils like to mention him as their guru." Prof. A.N. Upadhye : Pravacanasara - Introduction, p. 16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 63 ke ziSya ne (maiMne ) una bhASAsUtroM para se usako usI rUpa meM jAnA hai aura (jAnakara isa grantha meM) kathana kiyA hai| jo dvAdazAMga ke jJAtA the, jinhoMne caudahapUrvo kA atyanta vistAra kiyA thA tathA jo gamakoM (vyAkhyAkAroM) ke guru the, una zrutajJAnI ( zrutakevalI) bhadrabAhu kI jaya ho|" kundakunda ne samayasAra meM bhI kahA hai ki maiM zrutakevalI dvArA upadiSTa samayaprAbhRta kA kathana karU~gA-"vocchAmi samayapAhuDamiNamo suykevliibhnniyN|" ( gaa.1)| zravaNabelagola ke zaka saM0 1085 ( I0 san 1963) ke zilAlekha meM bhI kundakunda ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke ziSya candragupta ke anvaya meM utpanna batalAyA gayA hai| yathA zrIbhadrassarvato yo hi bhdrbaahuritishrutH| zrutakevalinAtheSu caramaH paramo muniH|| 4 // zrIcandraprakAzojvalacandrakIrtiH zrIcandragupto'jani tasya shissyH| yasya prabhAvAdvanadevatAbhirArAdhitaH svasya gaNo muniinaam|| 5 // tasyAnvaye bhUvidite babhUva yaH pdmnndiprthmaabhidhaanH| shriikonnddkundaadimuniishvraakhysstsNymaadudgtcaarnnddhiH|| 6 // abhUdumAsvAti muniishvro'saavaacaaryshbdottrgRddhpicchH| tadanvaye tatsadRzo'sti naanystaatkaalikaashesspdaarthvedii|| 7 // 3 anvaya kA artha hai guru-shissy-krm| kundakunda zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke ziSya candragupta ke anvaya meM hue the, isase spaSTa hai ki unhIM (bhadrabAhu) kI ziSyaparamparA ke koI AcArya kundakunda ke guru the| AcArya kundakunda ne apane granthoM meM nirapavAda acelamArga kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jisase pramANita hotA hai ki unake paramparAguru bhadrabAhu nirapavAda-acelamArgI the| isalie unakI ziSyaparamparA kA bhI nirapavAda-acelamArgI honA anivArya hai| ataH bhadrabAhu ke anvaya meM hue kundakunda ke sAkSAt guru bhI nirapavAda acelamArgI the, yaha nirvivAda hai| ___ yadi kundakunda yApanIyasampradAya ke pravartaka zivabhUti ke sAkSAt yA paramparAziSya hote, to ve unheM hI apanA guru btlaate| kintu unhoMne zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko guru batalAyA hai| apanI guruparamparA ke viSaya meM ziSya ke vacanoM se adhika prAmANika 43. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha / mANikacandra / bhAga 1/ lekha kramAMka 40 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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64 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 aura kisa ke vacana ho sakate haiM? kintu muni kalyANavijaya jI ne svayaM kundakunda ke vacanoM ko amAnya kara zivabhUti ko unakA paramparayA guru batalAyA hai, jise satya siddha karanevAlA koI bhI sAhityika yA zilAlekhIya pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| isase siddha hai ki muni jI dvArA zivabhUti ko yApanIya-sampradAya kA saMsthApaka batalAyA jAnA aura phira kundakunda ko usakI paramparA kA ziSya kahA jAnA, unake dvArA socasamajhakara gar3hI gayI kahAnI hai| 10 kundakunda ke digambaramata-pravartaka hone kA mata kapolakalpita digambaramata kundakunda se pUrvavartI / yataH kundakunda ke yApanIyasaMgha meM dIkSita hone kI udbhAvanA asatya siddha ho jAtI hai, ataH muni kalyANavijaya jI kA yaha niSkarSa bhI managaDhanta siddha ho jAtA hai ki 'yApanIya kundakunda ne yApanIyasaMgha kI mAnyatAoM se asantuSTa hokara vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM digambara jainamata kA pravartana kiyA thaa|' (a.bha.ma. / pR. 327-328/ dekhie , isI prakaraNa kA zIrSaka 3) aise aneka pramANa upalabdha haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki digambarajainamata kundakunda se pUrvavartI hai| ve isa prakAra haiM10.1. pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke pUrva nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha kA astitva muni jI ne DaoNkTara ke0 bI0 pAThaka ke anusAra kundakunda ko kadambavaMzI rAjA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA kA samakAlIna (470-490 I0) mAnA hai tathA unheM digambaramata kA pravartaka bhI batalAyA hai| kintu inhIM zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke devagiri-tAmrapatralekha meM zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha aura nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha ko tathA pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke hI mRgezavarmA ke halsI-abhilekha meM yApanIyoM, nirgranthoM aura kUrcakoM ko dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai,4 jisase spaSTa hotA hai ki 'nirgrantha' zabda zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM se bhinna digambaroM kA vAcaka hai, ataH digambarasampradAya (nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha) zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke bahuta pahale se vidyamAna thaa| isakA anumAna isa bAta se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi hama digambaraparamparA ko bahuta hI arvAcIna mAneM, to zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke samaya taka nirgranthasaMgha ko mahAzramaNasaMgha kA rUpa dhAraNa karane tathA lokaprasiddha evaM rAjamAnya hone ke lie kama se kama pacAsa varSa kA samaya to Avazyaka mAnanA hI hogaa| kintu nirgranthasaMgha kA ullekha to 242 I0 pU0 ke samrATa 44. dekhie , abhilekhoM kA mUlapATha isI adhyAya ke SaSTha prakaraNa meN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02 / pra0 2 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 65 azoka ke stambhalekha meM bhI milatA hai| 45 yaha aitihAsika pramANa muni jI ke isa kathana ko asaMgata banA detA hai ki digambaramata kA pravartana kundakunda ne kiyA thA / aura isa asaMgati se vaha sArI kathA kapolakalpita siddha ho jAtI hai, jo unhoMne kundakunda ke dvArA digambaramata ke pravartana ko yuktisaMgata banAne ke lie gar3hI hai| ukta asaMgati kA samarthana anya pramANoM se bhI hotA hai / 479 I0 ke pahAr3apura tAmrapatra meM likhA hai ki vaTagohAlI ke vihAra (maTha) meM kAzIdezIya paJcastUpanikAya ke nirgranthazramaNoM ke AcArya guhanandI ke ziSya - praziSya vAsa karate the| 46 isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki jaba I0 san 479, meM nirgrantha zramaNAcArya guhanandI ke ziSya - praziSya vidyamAna the, taba svayaM guhanandI aura unake guru- praguru usake kitane varSa pUrva vidyamAna rahe hoNge| kama se kama 70 - 80 varSa pUrva to mAnanA hI hogaa| isase bhI siddha hotA hai ki digambaraparamparA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke bahuta pahale se calI A rahI thI / ataH isa pramANa se bhI muni kalyANavijaya jI kA yaha kathana asaMgata siddha hotA hai ki digambaramata kI sthApanA kundakunda ne kI thI / eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki digambarAcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne 450 I0 meM tattvArthasUtra para 'sarvArthasiddhi' nAmaka TIkA likhI thI, jisameM unhoMne savastramukti, strImukti tathA kevali - kavalAhAra Adi zvetAmbarIya evaM yApanIya mAnyatAoM ko viparIta mithyAdarzana kA udAharaNa batalAyA hai / yathA 'athavA paJcavidhaM mithyAdarzanam - ekAntamithyAdarzanaM viparItamithyAdarzanaM saMzayamithyAdarzanaM vainayikamithyAdarzanam, ajJAnikamithyAdarzanaM ceti / sagrantho nirgranthaH, kevalI kavalAhArI, strI sidhyatItyevamAdiH viparyayaH / " ( sa.si./ 8 / 1) / pUjyapAda ne liGgasiddha jIvoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhI likhA hai ki aveda athavA tInoM bhAvavedoM se siddhi hotI hai, kintu dravyaveda se nahIM hotI / dravya kI apekSA jIva puMlliGga se hI siddha hotA hai - " liGgena kena siddhiH ? avedatvena tribhyo vA vedebhyaH siddhirbhAvato na dravyataH / dravyataH puMlliGgenaiva / " (sa.si./ 10 / 9 ) / 44 tathA pUjyapAda svAmI ne jainendravyAkaraNa ke sUtroM meM bhUtabali, samantabhadra, zrIdatta, yazobhadra aura prabhAcandra nAmaka pUrvAcAryoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| (tI.ma.A.pa./khaM.2/ 45. --- sava pAsaMDesu bAbhanesu AjIvikesu nigaMThesu pi me kaTe ime viyApaTA hohaMti / " dehalI - ToparA - stambha - lekha / jainazilAlekhasaMgraha / mANikacandra / bhA. 2 / lekha kra. 1 / 46. "vaTagohAlyAmavAsyAn kAzika- paJcastUpanikAyika-nirgranthazramaNAcArya - guhanandi- / " pahAr3apura - tAmrapatra / jilA - rAjazAhI, baMgAla / lekha kra. 19 jainazilAlekhasaMgraha / bhAratIya jJAnapITha / bhAga 4 | ziSyapraziSyAdhiSThitavihAre --- 117 111 For Personal & Private Use Only

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66 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra02 pR. 223 ) / tathA nandisaMgha kI paTTAvaliyoM meM pUjyapAda kI guruparamparA kA bhI ullekha hai| ina tathyoM se bhI spaSTa hai ki digambaraparamparA kadambavaMzI rAjA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA (470 I0) ke bahuta pahale se astitva meM thI / ataH muni kalyANavijaya jI kA kundakunda ko zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA kA samakAlIna mAnanA aura digambaramata kA pravartaka bhI kahanA, ina donoM bAtoM meM ghora asaMgati hai| isase siddha hai ki muni jI kI kundakunda ke digambaramata- pravartaka hone kI mAnyatA kapolakalpita hai| 10.2. kundakunda - prarUpita mArga jinapraNIta : AcArya hastImala jI AcArya hastImala jI ne apane 'jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa' nAmaka grantha meM likhA hai- " AcArya kundakunda ne apane dAdAguru dvArA saMsthApita bhaTTArakaparamparA kI navya- nUtana mAnyatAoM ke viruddha vidroha kiyaa| ve mAghanandI ke ziSya jinacandra ke pAsa bhaTTArakaparamparA meM hI dIkSita hue the / medhAvI muni kundakunda ne adhyayana pUrNa karane ke pazcAt digambara- paramparA dvArA sammata AgamoM ke nididhyAsana - cintana manana se jaba jinendraprabhu dvArA prarUpita jainadharma ke vAstavika svarUpa aura tIrthaMkaroM dvArA Acarita zramaNadharma ko pahicAnA, to unheM apane praguru mAghanandI dvArA saMsthApita dharma aura zramaNAcAraviSayaka mAnyatAe~, dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke mUlasvarUpa ke anurUpa pratIta nahIM huI / unhoMne sambhavataH apane praguru, guru aura bhaTTArakasaMgha dvArA sammata una katipaya abhinava mAnyatAoM ke samUlonmUlana aura purAtana mAnyatAoM kI punaH saMsthApanA kA saMkalpa kiyaa|" (jai.dha. mau.i./ bhA.3/pR.140) / ina vacanoM se zvetAmbarAcArya hastImala jI ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki digambaraparamparA ke AgamoM meM jinendra prabhu dvArA prarUpita dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa evaM tIrthaMkaroM dvArA Acarita zramaNadharma kA prarUpaNa hai aura kundakunda ne apane granthoM meM isI kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki AcArya hastImala jI yaha mAnate haiM ki savastramukti aura strImukti kA niSedha jinendra prabhu dvArA upadiSTa hai, kyoMki kundakunda ne apane granthoM meM inakA niSedha kiyA hai| AcArya hastImala jI ne uparyukta vacanoM se muni kalyANavijaya jI tathA unake anugAmiyoM kI isa mAnyatA ko amAnya kara diyA hai ki digambaraparamparA kA pravartana AcArya kundakunda ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM kiyA thA / use unhoMne tIrthaMkaroM dvArA hI pravartita mAnA hai| kintu AcArya jI ne kundakunda ko AraMbha meM jo bhaTTArakaparamparA meM dIkSita mAnA hai, vaha aprAmANika hai| usakI aprAmANikatA kA prakAzana 'kundakunda ke prathamataH bhaTTAraka hone kI kathA managar3haMta' nAmaka aSTama adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 2 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 67 aitihAsika dRSTi se digambarajaina- paramparA sindhusabhyatA, Rgveda ke racanA kAla tathA bauddhamata se bhI prAcIna hai| isake pramANa uttara adhyAyoM meM prastuta kiye jaayeNge| 10.3. Agamokta saralamArga kA niSedha amanovaijJAnika muni kalyANavijaya jI ne apane pUrvoddhRta vaktavya meM kahA hai ki "chaThI sadI ke vidvAn AcArya kundakunda, devanandI vagairaha ne prAcIna paramparA se majabUta moracA liyaa| pahale jo sUtra, niryukti Adi prAcIna AgamoM ko inake pUrvAcArya mAnate Aye the, inhoMne unakA mAnanA bhI asvIkAra kara diyA aura apane lie AcAra, vicAra aura darzanaviSayaka svataMtra sAhitya kI racanA kI, jisameM vastra - pAtra rakhane kA ekAntarUpa se niSedha kiyA / yadyapi isa aikAntika niSedha ke kAraNa unheM strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA bhI niSedha karanA par3A, kyoMki striyoM ko sarvathA acelaka mAnanA anucita thA aura vastrasahita rahate hue unakI mukti mAna lene para apane vastradhArI pratisparddhiyoM kI mukti kA niSedha karanA asambhava thA / isI taraha kevalI kA kavalAhAra mAnane para usake lAne ke lie pAtra bhI mAnanA par3atA aura isa dazA meM pAtradhArI sthaviroM kA khaNDana nahIM karane paate|" (zra.bha.ma. / pR.302-305) / muni jI kA yaha kathana manovaijJAnika aura tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| eka sIdhA-sarala prazna uThatA hai ki jaba yApanIyasampradAya meM savastrapAtraliMga se bhI mukti mAnI gayI thI aura vaha mukti kA sarala mArga thA, taba muni jI ke anusAra kundakunda ne usakA niSedha kyoM kiyA, jisakA niSedha karane se strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA bhI niSedha Avazyaka ho gayA, jaba ki ukta siddhAnta yApanIyamata ke anusAra Agamasammata the? kyA kundakunda ko (jo munijI ke anusAra usa samaya svayaM yApanIya the) unake Agamasammata hone para vizvAsa nahIM thA? yA ve hInazakti puruSoM aura striyoM ko mukta nahIM hone denA cAhate the? athavA ve koI unmatta puruSa the, jo akAraNa Agamasammata siddhAntoM ke virodha meM khar3e ho gaye the? samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya jaise advitIya granthoM ke karttA ke viSaya meM to koI yaha kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakatA ki ve unmatta the athavA hInazakti puruSoM aura striyoM ko mukta nahIM hone denA cAhate the| taba eka hI kAraNa zeSa rahatA hai ki unheM ukta siddhAntoM ke Agamasammata hone meM vizvAsa nahIM thaa| isIlie unhoMne unake virodha meM AvAja uThAI thii| aura isase phalita hotA hai ki kundakunda ke sAmane aise Agama the, jinameM savastramukti, strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi mAnyatAoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA aura ve unhIM meM vizvAsa karate the / kintu jaisA ki pUrva meM siddha ho cukA hai, kundakunda ne kabhI bhI yApanIyasampradAya meM praveza nahIM kiyA thA aura unake samaya meM yApanIyamata kI utpatti bhI nahIM huI thI, isalie For Personal & Private Use Only

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68 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 unhoMne yApanIya mAnyatAoM ke nahIM, apitu zvetAmbarIya mAnyatAoM ke Agamasammata hone kA niSedha kiyA thaa| isa taraha yaha siddha hotA hai ki savastramukti, strImukti Adi ko amAnya karanevAlI digambaraparamparA kundakunda ke pahale se calI A rahI thii| isake atirikta mAnava-manovijJAna yaha hai ki jaba sarala aura kaThina, donoM mArgoM se iSTaphala kI prApti ho sakatI ho, taba manuSya sarala mArga hI apanAtA hai aura loka bhI saralamArga kA upadeza denevAle kI ora hI AkRSTa hotA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai arke cenmadhu vindeta kimarthaM parvataM vrjet| iSTasyArthasya saMsiddhau ko vidvAn ytnmaacret||7 anuvAda-"yadi mArgastha Aka ke per3a meM hI madhu mila jAya, to koI parvata para kyoM jAyegA? jaba iSTa vastu kI prApti binA prayatna ke saMbhava ho, taba aisA kauna samajhadAra AdamI hogA, jo use pAne ke lie vyartha meM kaSTa uThAnA cAhegA?" kundakunda ne parISaha-pIr3A se bacAnevAle savastraliMga aura strIzarIra se mokSa kI prApti asaMbhava batalAyI thI tathA zItoSNadaMzamazakAdi parISahoM kA duHkha utpanna karanevAle ekamAtra acelaliMga ko hI mokSa kA sAdhana prarUpita kiyA thaa| ataH unake siddhAnta kaThina the| yadi ve naye hote arthAt jinendradeva dvArA upadiSTa na hote, to koI bhI unheM svIkAra karane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hotaa| kyoMki jaba jinendradeva ne mokSa kA saralamArga batalAyA ho, taba eka sAmAnya puruSa ke dvArA batalAye gaye kaThina mArga ko apanAne ke lie kauna taiyAra hogA? dharma ke kSetra meM to prAyaH yaha hotA AyA hai ki sukhazIla pravRtti ke logoM ne Agamokta kaThina caryA kI upekSA kara Agamaviruddha zithilAcAra apanA liyA aura navIna zAstra likhakara zithilAcAra ko jinAjJA ke nAma se pracArita kara diyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa aikAntika acelamArga kA parityAga kara sarvathA sacelamArga yA sacelAcela mArga kA pravartana isI pravRtti ke kAraNa huA thaa| taba kundakunda dvArA prarUpita kaThina mArga yadi navIna hotA, jinendrapraNIta arthAt Agamokta na hotA, to use unmattapralApa kahakara loga dUra se hI namaskAra kara lete| isI prakAra strImukti kA niSedha yadi svayaM kundakunda ne kiyA hotA, jinendradeva ke dvArA na kiyA gayA hotA, to kyA koI strI kundakunda ke siddhAntoM meM vizvAsa kara apane ko mukti se vaMcita karane ke lie taiyAra hotI? kadApi nhiiN| kintu do hajAra se bhI adhika varSoM se sampUrNa digambaraparamparA AcArya kundakunda ke 47. sAMkhyakArikAgata kArikA 1 kI sAMkhyatattvakomudITIkA meM uddhRt| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 69 dvArA prarUpita siddhAntoM ko gale kA hAra banAye hue hai aura unheM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadhara ke bAda maMgala ke rUpa meM smaraNa karatI hai| isase siddha hai ki kundakunda ke dvArA prarUpita mokSamArga bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza para Azrita thA aura digambaramatAnuyAyI isase suparicita the| isIlie unhoMne kundakunda dvArA prarUpita siddhAntoM ko zraddhApUrvaka svIkAra kiyaa| kundakunda ne kahA bhI hai ki "maiM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA paramparAziSya hU~ 48 aura unake upadeza ke AdhAra para maiM samayasAra kI racanA kara rahA huuN|"49 unake ye zabda isa bAta ko pramANita karane ke lie paryApta haiM ki digambaramata kundakunda ke pUrva se calA A rahA thaa| isalie muni kalyANavijaya jI ne jo use AcArya kundakunda dvArA pravartita batalAyA hai, vaha sarvathA asatya hai| apane viSaya meM svayaM AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA kahe gaye ina vacanoM ko amAnya karanA muni kalyANavijaya jI aura unake anugAmiyoM kI anadhikRta ceSTA hai| 10.4. dakSiNa meM digambaraparamparA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se pUrvavartI muni kalyANavijaya jI ne kundakunda ke dvArA savastramukti, strImukti tathA kevalibhukti na mAnanevAle digambaramata kI sthApanA kiye jAne kI kathA kyoM gar3hI, yaha vicAraNIya hai| bAta yaha hai ki muni jI isa satya kA apalApa karanA cAhate the ki bhArata meM uparyukta siddhAntoMvAlA digambaramata kundakunda ke pUrva vidyamAna thaa| isalie unhoMne yaha kathA gar3hI ki 'jaba uttarabhArata kA sacelAcelamArgI yApanIyasaMgha dakSiNa meM pahu~cA, taba kundakunda usameM dIkSita hue aura usI meM rahakara unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIrapraNIta jainasiddhAntoM kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| kintu Age calakara unhoMne una siddhAntoM meM se ApavAdika savastramukti, strImukti evaM kevalibhukti ko amAnyakara unakA niSedha karanevAle granthoM kI racanA kI tathA yApanIyamata ko chor3akara digambaramata kI nIMva ddaalii|' (yaha kathA isI prakaraNa ke zIrSaka 3 meM uddhRta muni jI ke una vacanoM se sUcita hotI hai, jo unhoMne 'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra' ke pRSTha 327-328 para vyakta kiye haiN)| ___ muni jI kI yaha kahAnI sAmpradAyika pakSapAta se prerita hai| kyoMki kundakunda kI apane granthoM meM kI gayI ye ghoSaNAe~ ki "maiM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA paramparAziSya hU~ aura zrutakevalI ke upadeza ke AdhAra para hI apane granthoM kI racanA 48. saddaviyAro hUo bhAsAsuttesu jaM jiNe kahiyaM / so taha kahiyaM NAyaM sIseNa ya bhddbaahuss|| 61 // bArasaaMgaviyANaM cudspvvNgviulvitthrnnN| suyaNANibhaddabAhU gamayagurU bhayavao jyuu|| 62 // bodhpaahudd| 49. vocchAmi samayapAhuDamiNamo suyakevalI bhnniyN|| 1 // smysaar| . For Personal & Private Use Only

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70 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 kara rahA hU~," isa tathya kA akATya pramANa haiM ki savastramukti, strImukti evaM kevalibhukti ko na mAnanevAlA digambaramata AcArya kundakunda ke bahuta pahale se pracalita thaa| ___ jahA~ taka dakSiNabhArata kA prazna hai, vahA~ uparyukta digambaraparamparA na kevala kundakunda se pUrva, apitu antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke samaya sasaMgha dakSiNa jAne ke pahale se vidyamAna thii| isakI yuktimattA para prakAza DAlate hue AcArya kundakundakRta granthoM ke aMgrejI vyAkhyAkAra pro0 e0 cakravartI nayanAra likhate haiM "When we take these historic discoveries with the Jaina traditions that a number of Tirthankaras preceded Lord Mahavira we may not be altogether wrong in supposing that adherents of Jaina faith in some form or other must have existed even anterior to Mahavira and that Mahavira himself was more a reformer than the founder of the faith. If there were Jains influential enough to build Stupas in honour of their saints even anterior to 600 B.C., will it be too much to suppose that the followers of this religion might have existed in South India even before Bhadrabahu's migration to the south? In fact it stands to reason to suppose that a large body of ascetics on account of a terrible famine in the north migrated to a country where they would be welcomed by their devoted coreligionists. If the south were instead of a friendly territory waiting to receive the Sangha of learned ascetics a land populated with strangers and of alien faith, Bhadrabahu would not have ventured to take with him into strange land a large body of ascetics who would depend entirely upon the generosity of the people. The Jaina tradition that the Pandya king of the South was a Jaina from very early times and that Bhadrabahu expected his hospitality might have some historical background." (Pancastikayasara, The Historical Introduction, pp.ii-iii) bhAvArtha-jaba hama jainaparamparA ke ina aitihAsika anusandhAnoM para dRSTi DAlate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva aneka tIrthaMkara ho cuke haiM, taba hamArA yaha mAnanA tanika bhI galata nahIM hai ki jainadharma ke anuyAyI mahAvIra ke pUrva bhI vidyamAna the aura mahAvIra jainadharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM, aMpitu upadezaka the| yadi IsApUrva 600 se bhI pahale apane santoM ke sammAna meM stUpa banAne vAle jaina ho sakate haiM, to kyA yaha mAnanA galata hogA ki isa dharma ke anuyAyI dakSiNa bhArata meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke pravAsa se bhI pahale vidyamAna the? isake galata na hone kI puSTi isa tathya se hotI hai ki uttarabhArata meM bhayaMkara akAla par3ane para AcArya bhadrabAhu eka vizAla munisaMgha ko lekara isa vizvAsa ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata cale gaye the, ki vahA~ ke sAdharmI unakA svAgata kreNge| yadi bhadrabAhu ko yaha vizvAsa na hotA ki dakSiNa bhArata meM sAdharmI bandhu haiM aura ve unakA svAgata kareMge, to itane bar3e munisaMgha ko lekara For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 71 ve aparicitoM aura paradharmiyoM ke bIca kadApi na jaate| jaina paramparA meM jo yaha anuzruti hai ki dakSiNa kA pANDya rAjA zurU se hI jaina thA aura bhadrabAhu ko usake Atithya kI apekSA thI, isakI koI aitihAsika pRSThibhUmi avazya honI caahie| siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne bhI 'dakSiNabhArata meM jainadharma' nAmaka grantha meM nimnalikhita zabdoM meM isa tathya kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai __ "uttara bhArata jainadharma kI janmabhUmi hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra paryanta caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA janma aura nirvANa uttara bhArata meM hI huA thA, kintu unakA vihAra dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI huA thaa| isalie dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma ke praveza kA koI sunizcita kAla nahIM hai| kintu bhAratIya itihAsa ke katipaya anveSaka upalabdha aitihAsika pramANoM ke AdhAra para antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI dakSiNayAtrA ke sAtha dakSiNa meM jainadharma kA praveza mAnate haiN| "dAkSiNAtya anuzruti ke anusAra, jisakA samarthana sAhityika abhilekhoM aura zilAlekhoM se hotA hai, candragupta maurya ke samaya meM uttara bhArata meM bAraha varSa kA bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3ane para bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ne bAraha hajAra muniyoM ke saMgha ke sAtha dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| candragupta maurya bhI unake sAtha the| zravaNabeLagoLa pahu~cane para bhadrabAhu ko lagA ki unakA anta samaya nikaTa hai, ataH unhoMne saMgha ko Age cola, pANDya Adi pradezoM kI ora jAne kA Adeza diyA aura svayaM zravaNabeLagoLa meM hI eka pahAr3I para, jise kalavappu yA kaTavapra kahate the, raha gye| apane ziSya candragupta ke sAtha unhoMne apanA antima samaya vahIM bitAyA aura samAdhipUrvaka zarIra ko tyaagaa| ___"ukta Azaya kA eka zilAlekha usI pahAr3I para, jise Aja candragiri kahate haiM, aMkita hai aura usakA samaya IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI sunizcita hai| zrI lUIsa rAIsa ne tathA prAktana-vimarzavicakSaNa mahAmahopAdhyAya Ara0 narasiMhAcArya ne usa para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karake prakAza DAlA thaa|deg lUIsa rAIsa ke isa mata kA ki candragupta jaina thA aura vaha dakSiNa kI ora gayA thA, thaoNmasa jaise pramukha vidvAnoM ne dRr3hatA se samarthana kiyA thaa| 'jainijma Ara da arlI phetha oNpha azoka' nAmaka nibandha meM usane kahA hai ki candragupta maurya jaina thA, isa viSaya meM vivAda kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai|51 megasthanIja bhI likhatA hai ki vaha brAhmaNoM ke siddhAntoM ko nahIM mAnatA 50. lUIsa rAIsa-'maisUra aiNDa kurga phraoNma da insakripzansa'/pR.2-10 / narasiMhAcArya-'insakripzansa __eNTa zravaNabeLagoLa'/ pR.36-40| smitha-'arlI hisTrI oNva innddiyaa'| pR.75-76 / 51. 'da jarnala oNva da raoNyala eziyATika sosaaittii'| 1901 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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72 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra02 thA aura zramaNoM kA anuyAyI thaa| DaoN. phlITa52 aura DaoN0 bI0 e0 smitha53 ne bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra kiyA thA ki candragupta rAjya ko tyAgakara sAdhu ho gayA thA aura zravaNabeLagoLa meM usakA svargavAsa huaa| ___ "ataH paramparAgata anuzruti aura prApta abhilekhoM meM kucha mAmUlI bAtoM ko lekara matabheda hote hue bhI yaha eka nirvivAda satya mAnA jAtA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM jaina saMgha dakSiNa kI ora gayA thA 54 aura isa taraha kucha vidvAn IsApUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma kA praveza mAnate haiN| kintu prakRta viSaya kA gambhIratA se adhyayana karanevAle kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki bhadrabAhu aura candragupta ke Agamana se bhI pUrva dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma vartamAna honA caahie| isake ve nIce likhe kAraNa batalAte haiM "1. itane bar3e sAdhusaMgha ko dakSiNa kI ora le jAne se pUrva bhadrabAhu ko avazya hI yaha vizvAsa honA cAhie thA ki usa sudUra deza meM unake saMgha kA ucita Atithya hogA, kyoMki jaina sAdhuoM ke AhArAdi kI vidhi aisI nahIM hai, jisakA nirvAha jainadharma se anajAna vyakti kara sakatA ho| ataH isase prakaTa hotA hai ki karnATaka aura tamilanADu ke dakSiNa bhAgoM meM jainadharma ke anuyAyI pUrva se vidyamAna the|55 "2. bauddha grantha 'mahAvaMza' kI racanA zrIlaMkA ke rAjA dhantuseNa (461-479 I0) ke samaya meM huI thii| isameM 543 IsavIpUrva se lekara 301 I0 san taka ke kAla kA varNana hai| 437 IsavIpUrva ke lagabhaga pANDugAbhaya rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM anurAdhApura meM rAjadhAnI parivartita huI thii| mahAvaMza meM isa naye nagara kI aneka imAratoM kA varNana hai| unameM se eka imArata nirgranthoM ke lie thii| usakA nAma giri thA aura usameM bahuta se nirgrantha rahate the| rAjA ne nirgranthoM ke lie eka maMdira bhI banavAyA thaa|56 "mahAvaMza ke isa lekha ke anusAra zrIlaMkA meM IsA pUrva 5vIM zatI ke lagabhaga jainadharma kA praveza huA honA caahie| aura uttara bhArata se dakSiNa bhArata ke pradeza 52. 'epigrAphikA iNDikA'/ji.3 / pR.171 aura 'iNDiyana aiNTikverI'/ jilda 21/ pR.156| 53. 'arlI hisTrI oNva innddiyaa|' 54. 'sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijm'| pR.19 Adi, 'miDiyAvala jainijma'/ pR. 3-4 / 'jainijma aiNDa karnATaka klcr'/pr.5-6| 55. 'pravacanasAra' kI aMgrejI prastAvanA : DaoN. e.ena. upaadhye| 56. 'sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma'/ pR.32 aadi| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 . kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 73 ko achUtA chor3ate hue jainadharma kA laMkA meM praveza honA asambhava hai|" (dakSiNabhArata meM jainadharma/ pR.1-3)| isa prakAra dakSiNa bhArata meM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sasaMgha pravAsa se pUrva digambara-jainaparamparA kA astitva eka aitihAsika satya hai| ataH pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 meM to kyA, IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI meM bhI kundakunda ke dvArA digambaramata kA pravartana mAnanA itihAsaviruddha hai| 10.5. zivabhUti dvArA jinendragRhIta acelaliMga kA aMgIkAra boTika zivabhUti samasta tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apanAye gaye sarvathA acelaliMga ko hI mokSa kA ekamAtra mArga batalAtA hai| isase yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki digambaramata boTika zivabhUti athavA AcArya kundakunda dvArA nahIM calAyA gayA, balki RSabhAdi tIrthaMkaroM dvArA upadiSTa hai| usakA AcaraNa kaThina hone ke kAraNa dehasukhAbhilASI sacelamArgiyoM ne hInasaMhananadhArI puruSoM ko usake ayogya ghoSita kara diyA thaa| kintu zivabhUti ne svayaM ko usake ayogya mAnane se inakAra kara diyA aura sacelamArga kA tyAga kara sarvathA acela digambaramArga apanA liyaa| isa taraha usane navInamata kA pravartana nahIM kiyA thA, apitu paramparAgata mata kA hI varaNa kiyA thaa| niSkarSataH yaha kathA digambaramata kI maulikatA aura prAcInatA para prakAza DAlatI hai| sva0 paM0 kailAzacandra jI siddhAntazAstrI ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| ve likhate haiM "(boTika) kathA meM bhI yahI batalAyA gayA hai ki jinakalpa kA viccheda hone ke pazcAt zivabhUti ne nagna hokara jinakalpa kA pravartana kiyA aura isa taraha boTikamata cala pdd'aa| kintu isase digambaramata arvAcIna pramANita nahIM hotA, kyoMki jaba jinakalpa ko digambaratva kA pratirUpa mAnA gayA hai aura jambasvAmI taka usakA pracalana rahA hai tathA use hI zivabhUti ne dhAraNa kiyA, to usane navInamata kaise calAyA? jo purAnA thA tathA eka pakSa ne jisake viccheda hone kI ghoSaNA kara dI thI, usI kA punaH pravartana karanA navIna mata kA calAnA to nahIM hai| yadi jinakalpa pahale kabhI pracalita na huA hotA tathA jainaparamparA meM use Adara prApta na huA hotA, to use navIna mata kahA jA sakatA thaa| kintu uttarakAlIna zvetAmbarasAhitya meM jinakalpa kA samAdara pAyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbarIya Agamika sAhitya ke TIkAkAroM ne prAyaH pratyeka kaThina AcAra ko jinakalpa kA AcAra batAyA hai| usake sambandha meM kevala itanA hI virodha thA ki paMcama kAla meM usakA viccheda ho gayA hai, kyoMki usakA dhAraNa karanA zakya nahIM hai| zivabhUti ko bhI yahI kahakara samajhAyA gayA thaa| kintu usane yahI uttara diyA ki asamartha ke lie jinakalpa kA viccheda bhale hI huA ho, samartha ke lie usakA viccheda kaise ho sakatA hai?" 57 57. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / pUrvapIThikA / pR.390 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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74 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 2 " ataH zvetAmbarakathA ke anusAra bhI digambarapantha nayA pramANita nahIM hotA / kintu usameM jo jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt hI jinakalpa kA viccheda tathA zivabhUti ke dvArA usakI punaH pravRtti Adi batalAI gaI hai, usakA samarthana anya srotoM se nahIM hotA aura na yaha bAta hI gale utaratI hai ki AdarzamArga kA ekadama lopa ho jAye, aura phira eka zivabhUti ke dvArA, jo na aitihAsika vyakti hI hai aura na koI prabhAvazAlI puruSa hI pratIta hotA hai, punaH digambaramArga kA pracalana itane joroM se ho jAye / inhIM kAraNoM se kisI aitihAsika vidvAn ne saMghabheda kI utpatti meM zvetAmbarakathA ko prazraya nahIM diyA, jabaki digambarakathA kI ghaTanA ko aneka itihAsajJoM ne sthAna diyA hai| 15 10.6. zvetAmbaragranthoM meM kundakunda kA ullekha nahIM zivabhUti koI prasiddha puruSa nahIM thA, phira bhI zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne use digambaramata kA pravartaka kahA hai| kintu AcArya kundakunda to prasiddha puruSa the| yadi ve vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue hote, to Avazyaka - niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ke samakAlIna hote / aura yadi unhoMne digambaramata kA pravartana kiyA hotA, to bhadrabAhu Adi zvetAmbarAcArya isake pratyakSadarzI hote| apanI A~khoM ke sAmane eka virodhImata ke udbhava se unameM tIvra pratikriyA huI hotI aura ve apane 'Avazyakaniryukti' Adi granthoM meM kundakunda ko digambaramata kA saMsthApaka batalAte tathA 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' Adi meM jaisI nindA boTika zivabhUti kI kI gaI hai, vaisI hI kundakunda kI, kI jaatii| kintu 'Avazyakaniryukti' Adi kisI bhI zvetAmbaragrantha meM kundakunda ke digambaramata- pravartaka hone kA ullekha nahIM hai| eka boTika zivabhUti jaise sAdhAraNa puruSa ko usakA pravartaka batalAyA hai, vaha bhI vIra ni0 saM0 609 ( I0 san 82) meM / yaha isa bAta kA akATya pramANa hai ki niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu Adi ke samaya meM na to kundakunda hue the, na hI unake dvArA digambaramata kI sthApanA kI gayI thI / 10.7. digambarasaMgha bhadrabAhu kI paramparA kA saMgha : DaoN0 sAgaramala jI yadyapi DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne apane pUrvalikhita grantha jainadharma kA yApanIyasampradAya meM muni kalyANavijaya jI evaM paM0 dalasukha 'jI mAlavaNiyA kA anusaraNa karate hue yaha mAnA hai ki digambarasaMgha kI sthApanA vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM dakSiNa bhArata ke AcArya kundakunda ne kI thI ( granthalekhaka ke vacana isI prakaraNa ke zIrSaka 4 meM uddhRta haiM), tathApi ATha varSa bAda likhe gaye apane navIna grantha jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA meM unhoMne isa mAnyatA kA parityAga kara diyA hai aura yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki vartamAna digambarasaMgha IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM hue zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI paramparA 58. vahI / pR.392 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 75 kA saMgha hai| isakA samarthana unhoMne tamilanADu meM prApta I0 pU0 prathama-dvitIya zatI ke brAhmIlipi meM utkIrNa abhilekhoM se kiyA hai| (granthakAra ke vacana adhyAya 6 ke prakaraNa 2 meM draSTavya haiN)| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ke isa pramANasiddha saMzodhita mata se muni kalyANavijaya jI evaM paM0 dalasukha jI mAlavaNiyA kI yaha mAnyatA nirasta ho jAtI hai ki AcArya kundakunda digambaramata ke pravartaka the aura yaha sthApita hotA hai ki digambara-paramparA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura unakI guruparamparA-jitanI purAnI hai arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra-jitanI praaciin| boTikasaMgha kI dakSiNayAtrA aprAmANika muni kalyANavijaya jI ne likhA hai-"yadyapi zivabhUti ke sampradAya kA udbhava uttarApatha meM huA thA, para vahA~ usakA adhika pracAra nahIM ho skaa|---is sthiti meM zivabhUti yA unake anuyAyiyoM kA vahA~ TikanA bahuta kaThina thaa| isa kaThinAI ke kAraNa usa sampradAya ne udhara se haTakara dakSiNApatha kI tarapha prayANa kiyaa|" (a.bh.m./pR.301)| isa ghaTanA ke samarthana meM muni jI ne koI pramANa prastuta nahIM kiyA, na boTika saMghotpatti-kathA kA varNana karanevAle granthoM meM, na anya kisI grantha athavA zilAlekha meM isakA ullekha hai| isase siddha hai ki boTikasaMgha ke uttara se dakSiNa meM jAne kI bAta muni jI ne apane mana se kalpita kI hai| pUrva meM sapramANa siddha kiyA gayA hai ki zivabhUti ne kisI naye sampradAya ko janma nahIM diyA thA, apitu jinapraNIta aikAntika acela (digambara) paramparA ko aMgIkAra kiyA thaa| aura vaha paramparA uttara-dakSiNa donoM meM vidyamAna thii| isalie zivabhUti ke digambara bana jAne para use uttarabhArata meM hI vizAla nirgranthazramaNasaMgha prApta ho gayA thaa| ataH use apane astitva kI rakSA ke lie dakSiNApatha jAne kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thii| phalasvarUpa zivabhUti yA usake ziSyoM ke dakSiNApatha cale jAne kI kathA kapolakalpita hai| jahA~ taka yApanIyasaMgha kA savAla hai itihAsavid DaoN0 gulAbacandra jI caudharI ne usa ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki "yaha saMgha dakSiNabhArata kI apanI dena hai|"59 yApanIyasaMgha para vistRta zodha karanevAle DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye kA bhI kathana hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kA ullekha dakSiNabhArata ke hI zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai aura usakA sAhitya 59. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha / mANikacandra/bhAga 3/prastAvanA / pR.25 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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76 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 2 bhI dakSiNabhArata meM hI upalabdha huA hai / 6deg prAcIna itihAsa ke vidvAn zrI kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla bhI likhate haiM ki yApanIyasaMgha kA udbhava aura vikAsa dakSiNApatha meM huA thA, kyoMki ve mukhyataH karnATaka ke zilAlekhoM meM hI dRSTigocara hote haiM / (dekhiye, adhyAya 7/ pra.1 / zI. 9 ) / itihAsajJoM ke ye vicAra isa bAta kI puSTi karate haiM ki yApanIyasaMmpradAya kI utpatti dakSiNApatha meM hI huI thI / ataH muni zrI kalyANavijaya kA yaha mata sarvathA aprAmANika siddha hotA hai ki boTikasaMgha dakSiNa meM jAkara yApanIyasampradAya ke nAma se prasiddha huA / 12 'mUlasaMgha' yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrvanAma nahIM muni kalyANavijaya jI kahate haiM ki zivabhUti ne apane sampradAya kA nAma pahale mUlasaMgha rakhA, pazcAt dakSiNApatha meM jAne para 'yApanIya' kahalAne lagA / merA kathana yaha hai ki boTikasaMgha aikAntika acelamArgI digambarasaMgha thaa| ataH usakA mUlasaMgha nAma ucita hI thA / kintu yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrvanAma mUlasaMgha thA, yaha kathana prAmANika nahIM hai, kyoMki kisI bhI prAcIna grantha yA zilAlekha meM yApanIyasaMgha ko mUlasaMgha nAma se abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| tathA mUlasaMgha use kahate haiM, jisase koI anya saMgha udbhUta huA ho / kintu yApanIyasaMgha se kisI anya saMgha kA udbhava nahIM huA thaa| isalie usake mUlasaMgha nAma se abhihita kiye jAne kI kalpanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| isa viSaya kA vistAra se vivecana 'yApanIya saMgha kA itihAsa' nAmaka saptama adhyAya meM draSTavya hai / 13 yApanIyasaMgha digambarasaMgha kA pUrvanAma nahIM pUrvokta muni jI ne likhA hai - "digambarasampradAya kA pUrvanAma 'yApanIyasaMgha' thA, jo zvetAmbarIya paramparA ke AcAra-vicAra kA anusaraNa karanevAlA aura katipaya jaina AgamoM ko bhI mAnanevAlA thA / parantu pichale digambarAcArya yApanIyasaMghaviSayaka apanA pUrvasambandha bhUla gaye aura nagnatA ke samarthaka hote hue bhI zvetAmbarIya Agama aura AcAra-vicAroM ke kAraNa use 'khaccara' taka kI upamA dene meM na skucaaye| dekhie 'SaTprAbhRta' (daMsaNapAhuDa / 11 ) kI TIkA meM zrutasAgara ke nimnoddhRta vAkya - " yApanIyAstu 60. dekhie, prastuta grantha kA 'yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa' nAmaka saptama adhyAya / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02 / pra0 2 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 77 vesarA ivobhayaM manyante, ratnatrayaM pUjayanti strINAM tadbhave mokSaM, kevalijinAnAM kavalAhAraM, parazAsane sagranthAnAM ca mokSaM kathayanti / " (zra.bha.ma./ pR.335) / pUrvoddhRta vaktavya (zIrSaka 3) meM munijI ne kahA hai ki "yApanIyasampradAya ApavAdika savastramukti, strImukti aura kevalibhukti ke siddhAntoM ko mAnatA thA / kundakunda inheM anucita mAnate the ataH ve inheM nirasta karanA cAhate the / kintu unake yApanIyaguru aura sahadharmiyoM ne sAtha nahIM diyA, phalasvarUpa ve saMgha se alaga ho gaye aura ina siddhAntoM ko amAnya karanevAlA nayA digambaramata calA diyA / " (muni jI ke kathana kA sAra) | isase spaSTa hai ki digambaramata aura yApanIyamata meM mahAn saiddhAntika bheda thA / phira ve donoM abhinna kaise ho sakate haiM? aura jaba ve abhinna nahIM the, to yApanIyasaMgha digambarasampradAya kA pUrvanAma kaise ho sakatA hai? yaha to mithyAkathana kara digambarasampradAya ko yApanIyasampradAya se udbhUta evaM arvAcIna siddha karane kA kuprayAsa hai| tathA muni jI ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM kundakunda dvArA yApanIyasampradAya meM dIkSita hone ke bAda usase alaga hokara digambaramata kI sthApanA kiye jAne kI kalpanA ke AdhAra para use yApanIyamata se udbhUta evaM arvAcIna mAnA hai| kintu pUrva meM ve zilAlekhIya evaM sAhityika pramANa upasthita kiye gaye haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki digambaraparamparA vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke bahuta pahale se calI A rahI thii| ataH vaha yApanIyasampradAya se udbhUta siddha nahIM hotI / ata eva yaha bhI siddha nahIM hotA ki digambarasampradAya kA pUrvanAma yApanIyasaMgha thaa| kintu muni kalyANavijaya jI ne itihAsagrantha meM aisA likhakara itihAsa ko kapolakalpanAoM kA abhilekha banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 14 parasparavirodhI dharAzAyI hotI kahAniyA~ muni jI ne apane pUrvoddhRta managar3hanta niSkarSoM meM eka sthAna para kahA hai ki "zivabhUti ke dvArA sthApita evaM mUlasaMgha nAma se prasiddha ( sacelAcela) sampradAya, jaba kundakunda ke dvArA kiye gaye sudhAroM ke phalasvarUpa vibhAjita huA, taba yApanIyasaMgha, kASThAsaMgha, mAthurasaMgha Adi saMgha bana gaye / " lekina dUsare sthAna para kahate haiM ki " yApanIyasaMgha ke TUTane se digambarasaMgha, drAvir3asaMgha Adi saMgha bane / " (dekhiye, isI prakaraNa kA zIrSaka 3 ) / arthAt pUrvakathana ke anusAra kundakunda dvArA praNIta mAne gaye digambaramata ke sAtha hI yApanIyasaMgha utpanna huA aura dUsare kathana ke anusAra yApanIyasaMgha se For Personal & Private Use Only

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78 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra02 digambaramata prakaTa huaa| ina kathanoM meM mahAn antarvirodha hai| isa virodha se nimnalikhita visaMgatiyA~ paidA hotI haiM 1. yadi kadambavaMzIya zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke kAla (vikrama kI chaThI zatI) meM kundakunda ke sudhAravAdI abhiyAna ke phalasvarUpa zivabhUtipraNIta mUlasaMgha ke TUTane se yApanIyasaMgha aura digambarasaMgha kI utpatti mAnI jAya, to yaha sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA aura mRgezavarmA ke zilAlekhoM (kra. 98 aura 99) meM nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha (digambarasaMgha), zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha, yApanIyasaMgha tathA kUrcakoM ko to dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai, kintu 'mUlasaMgha' nAma ke kisI saMgha kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase siddha hai ki vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha se alaga kisI mUlasaMgha kA astitva nahIM thaa| ataH usake TUTane se yApanIyasaMgha, digambarasaMgha Adi ke utpanna hone kI kathA aprAmANika hai| 2. mRgezavarmA ke zilAlekha meM yApanIyasaMgha kA ullekha hai| isase usakI utpatti mRgezavarmA ke kAla se kama se kama pacAsa varSa pUrva mAnanI hogii| aura kundakunda ke sudhAravAdI abhiyAna se yApanIyasaMgha evaM digambarasaMgha kI utpatti mAnane para kundakunda kA astitva bhI mRgezavarmA evaM zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA se kama se kama pacAsa varSa pUrva mAnanA hogaa| isa sthiti meM kundakunda zrIvijayazivamRgezakAlIna, ata eva unake guru siddha nahIM hote, jabaki muni jI ne aisA mAnA hai| 3. yadi zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke kAla meM mUlasaMgha kI bajAya yApanIyasaMgha se digambarasaMgha kA udbhava mAnA jAya to yaha bhI asaMgata hai| kyoMki zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke zilAlekha meM nirgrantha mahAzramaNasaMgha (digambarasaMgha) ko dAna diye jAne kA varNana hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki usakA astitva zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke bahuta pahale se thaa| 4. muni jI ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM tathAkathita zivabhUtivAle mUlasaMgha ke vibhAjana se digambarasaMgha, yApanIyasaMgha, kASThAsaMgha, mAthurasaMgha, drAvir3asaMgha Adi kI utpatti batalAyI hai| yaha prAmANika nahIM hai| yApanIyasaMgha ke siddhAnta to muni jI ke anusAra tathAkathita zivabhUtivAle mUlasaMgha se pRthak nahIM the, ataH yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti ko to mUlasaMgha kA kevala nAma parivartana hI kahA jA sakatA hai| zeSa cAroM saMgha savastramukti, strImukti aura kevalibhukti ke virodhI the, ataH ve digambarasaMgha kI hI vibhinna zAkhAe~ thiiN| yadi inakI utpatti eka sAtha ukta mUlasaMgha ke vibhAjana se huI thI, to muni jI kA yaha kathana asaMgata ho jAtA hai ki digambaramata kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra02 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 79 nIMva kundakunda ne DAlI thii| kyoMki eka sAtha utpanna hone para ina cAroM saMghoM ke saMsthApaka puruSa digambaramata kI sthApanA karanevAle siddha hote haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki inakI eka sAtha utpatti kA koI pramANa muni jI ne upasthita nahIM kiyA, jaba ki devasenakRta darzanasAra meM unakI utpatti bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM batalAyI gayI hai, jaise drAvir3asaMgha kI utpatti vikramamRtyu-saMvat 526 meM, kASThAsaMgha kI 753 meM, mAthurasaMgha kI 953 meM aura yApanIyasaMgha kI 705 yA 205 meN| isase siddha hotA hai munijI kA inako vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI (pA~cavIM zatI I0) meM eka sAtha utpanna batalAnA aprAmANika hai| isa prakAra tathAkathita zivabhUti-pravartita sampradAya se kabhI mUlasaMgha-nAmadhArI avasthA meM aura kabhI yApanIya-nAmadhArI avasthA meM digambarAdi saMghoM kI utpatti kI kahAniyA~ parasparavirodhI haiN| ve eka dUsare ko aprAmANika ThaharAtI haiM aura uparyukta visaMgatiyoM ko janma detI haiM, phalasvarUpa unameM se koI bhI paira nahIM jamA pAtI, saba dharAzAyI ho jAtI haiN| ataH hama pAte haiM ki ve atyanta atarkasaMgata rIti se kapolakalpita haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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tRtIya prakaraNa uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha kapolakalpita acela-sacela donoM liMgoM se mukti ke upadeza kI kalpanA DaoN. sAgaramala jI ne itihAsa ke viruddha eka yaha udbhAvanA kI hai ki 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelaliMga aura sacelaliMga donoM se mukti hone kA upadeza diyA hai| sacelaliMga se mukti saMbhava hone se strI bhI tadbhavamukti ke yogya batalAyI gaI hai|' zvetAmbarasAhitya meM acelaliMga ko jinakalpa aura sacelaliMga ko sthavirakalpa ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| DaoNkTara sA0 kI mAnyatA hai ki uttarabhArata meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya se hI unakA anuyAyI jo zramaNasaMgha thA, vaha acela aura sacela donoM liMgoM ko mokSamArga mAnatA thaa| isa saMgha ko unhoMne uttarabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.366)| maiMne isake sAtha sacelAcela vizeSaNa jor3akara DaoNkTara sA0 ke abhiprAya ko spaSTa kara diyA hai, tAki pAThakoM ko nirgrantha zabda se yaha bhrama na ho ki isa saMgha ke sAdhu nagna hI rahate the| DaoNkTara sA0 ne isa saMgha (sampradAya yA paramparA) meM zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kI samasta mAnyatAoM ko samAviSTa kara diyA hai| sacelamukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti, kevalikavalAhara, mallitIrthaMkara kA strI honA aura mahAvIra kA garbhaparivartana, ye mAnyatAe~ zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM meM samAna haiM, jo isameM samAviSTa kI gayI haiN| parISahAdisahana meM asamartha mokSArthI puruSoM ke lie sacelaliMga aura samartha puruSoM ke lie acelaliMga ke vidhAna kI mAnyatA yApanIyoM kI viziSTa mAnyatA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne ise dRSTi meM rakhate hue acelaliMga kA vidhAna bhI svakalpita uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha meM kara diyA hai, tAki ve isa saMgha se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM sampradAyoM kI utpatti batalA skeN| isa prakAra DaoNkTara sA0 ne uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela-nigranthasaMgha isa naye nAma se zvetAmbarasaMgha ko hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA pAlana karanevAlA bhArata kA prAcInatama jaina zramaNasaMgha batalAyA hai| DaoNkTara sA0 ne svakalpita uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA kA astitva pahale to vIranirvANa saMvat 609 (I0 san 82)61 taka mAnA thA, kyoMki zvetAmbaragranthoM 61. DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa IsApUrva 467 meM mAnakara vIranirvANa saM0 609 ko I0 san 142 (vi.saM.199) ke samakakSa mAnA hai| ataH unhoMne boTikamata (unake anusAra yApanIyamata) kI utpatti I0 san 142 (IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra03 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 81 meM isI samaya boTikamata kI utpatti batalAyI gayI hai, jise DaoNkTara sA0 ne yApanIyamata mAnA hai| (jai.dha. yA. s./pR.16-17)| yaha unake anusAra uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcelanirgranthaparamparA ke vibhAjana se hI utpanna huA thaa| kintu bAda meM unhoMne apanA mata badala diyA aura IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke prathama caraNa taka use vidyamAna mAna liyaa| apanA parivartita mata prastuta karate hue ve likhate haiM "yaha sahI hai ki IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se vastrapAtra ke prazna para vivAda prAraMbha ho gayA, phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki pA~cavIM zatAbdI se pUrva zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM A pAye the| nirgranthasaMgha (digambara), zvetapaTa-mahAzramaNasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha halsI ke pA~cavIM zatI ke abhilekhoM meM hI milatA hai|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.368)| "spaSTa sampradAyabheda, saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM kA nirdhAraNa aura zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise nAmakaraNa pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke bAda hI astitva meM Aye haiN|' (jai. dha. yA. sa./ pR.372)| isa prakAra zvetAmbara-yApanIya saMghoM kA utpattikAla IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI (devagiri-halsI-abhilekha / I0 san 470-490 se kucha varSa pUrva) ghoSita kara DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki zvetAmbara-yApanIyoM kI jananI uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA IsA kI pA~cavIM sadI ke prAraMbha taka vidyamAna thii| ____ DaoNkTara sA0 mAnate haiM ki aikAntika acelamArgI zramaNasaMgha yA zramaNaparamparA (digambara-paramparA) kA pravartana IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI meM dakSiNabhArata meM AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA kiyA gyaa| DaoNkTara sA0 ne ise dakSiNabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha nAma diyA hai| 'dakSiNabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha' nAma kA prayoga DaoNkTara sA0 ke nimnalikhita kathana meM milatA hai-"dakSiNabhArata kA vaha nirgranthasaMgha (mUlasaMgha) AgamoM ko vicchinna mAnane lagA thaa| --- isa prakAra AgamoM ke vicchinna hone ke prazna para dakSiNabhArata ke nirgranthamUlasaMgha aura yApanIyoM meM matabheda rahA hogaa|" (jai.dha. yA.sa./ pR.46)| nimnalikhita uddharaNoM meM unhoMne dakSiNabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha ko AcArya kundakunda dvArA sthApita batalAyA hai meM batalAyI hai| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ viSaya praveza / pR.16-17)| yaha ucita nahIM hai| prAyaH sabhI digambara aura zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne vIranirvANavarSa IsApUrva 527 mAnA hai| tadanusAra vIranirvANa saMvat 609 san 82 ke samakakSa siddha hotA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 10/ prakaraNa 5/zI.3.3-'virodhI tarkoM kA nirsn')| For Personal & Private Use Only

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82 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 3 "I0 san kI pA~cavIM - chaThI zatAbdI taka jainaparamparA meM kahIM bhI strImukti kA niSedha nahIM thA / strImukti evaM sagrantha ( savastra) kI mukti kA sarvaprathama niSedha AcArya kundakunda ne suttapAhuDa meM kiyA hai|" (jai. dha. yA.saM./ pR.394) / "kundakunda hI mUlasaMgha ke prathama AcArya the|" (jai. dha. yA.sa./ pR.46 ) / "kundakunda kI strImukti-niSedhaka paramparA sudUra dakSiNa meM hI prasthApita huI thI / " (jai. dha. yA.sa./ pR.402) / isa prakAra savastramukti evaM strImukti ke niSedhaka ekAnta acelamArgI digambarasaMgha .ko kundakunda dvArA sthApita dakSiNabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha batalAkara uttarabhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha ko acelasacela-ubhayAtmaka tathA strImukti Adi kA samarthaka prarUpita karate hue DaoNkTara sA0 likhate haiM "mahAvIra ke kAla se hI nirgranthasaMgha meM nagnatA kA ekAnta Agraha nahIM thA, kintu use apavAda ke rUpa meM hI svIkRta kiyA gayA thA / " (jai. dha. yA.sa./pR. 25) / " umAsvAti bhI matabhedoM ke bAvajUda usI uttarabhArata kI Agamika nirgrantha paramparA ke AcArya haiM, jisase zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kA vikAsa huA hai aura jo strImukti, gRhasthamukti, anyatairthikamukti, kevalibhukti Adi kI samarthaka rahI hai|" (jai. dha. yA. sa. / pR. 250 ) / "mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM jaba vastrapAtra Adi meM vRddhi hone lagI aura acelakatva kI pratiSThA kSINa hone lagI, taba usase acelatA ke pakSadhara yApanIya aura sacelatA ke pakSadhara zvetAmbara aisI do dhArAe~ nikalIM / " (jai. dha. yA. sa. / pR. 24) / 44 " vastutaH jaba uttarabhArata meM pravartita mahAvIra ke zramaNasaMgha meM vastrapAtra rakhane kA Agraha jora pakar3ane lagA, bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa evaM Acarita acelaka arthAt jinakalpa kA viccheda batAkara usakA unmUlana kiyA jAne lagA aura vastrapAtra ke ApavAdika mArga ( sthavirakalpa) ko hI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM meM ekamAtra mArga mAnA jAne lagA, to zivabhUti prabhRti kucha prabuddha muniyoM ne usakA virodha kiyA / isa virodha kI phalazruti - svarUpa hI usa sampradAya kA janma huA, jo yApanIyoM kI pUrva avasthA thI aura jise zvetAmbaroM ne boTika yA boDiya kahA thA / " (jai. dha. yA. sa./ pR. 386-387) / ina kathanoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki DaoN. sAgaramala jI kI kalpanAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne autsargika acela jinakalpa evaM ApavAdika sacela sthavirakalpa, ina donoM mArgoM se mokSa kI prApti batalAI hai aura uttarabhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha isI sacelAcelamArga kA anugAmI thA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 3 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 83 DaoNkTara sA0 ne isa uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha ko mUladhArA aura avibhakta paramparA zabdoM se vizeSita karate hue kahA hai ki isI mUladhArA yA avibhakta paramparA se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kA janma huA thA, ataH yaha ina donoM saMghoM kI pUrvaja paramparA hai / (dekhiye, isI adhyAya ke caturtha prakaraNa kA prathama anucched)| isa AdhAra para maiMne abhivyakti kI suvidhA ke liye isa saMgha yA paramparA ko do nAmoM se abhihita kiyA hai - 1. uttarabhAratIya - sacelAcela - nirgranthasaMgha yA paramparA aura 2. zvetAmbara - yApanIya- mAtRparamparA / DaoNkTara sA0 kA kathana hai ki AcArAMgAdi Agamagrantha, unakI niyuktiyA~, prakIrNaka tathA karmasAhitya ke grantha bhI isI uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha ke haiM, jo zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ko uttarAdhikAra meM prApta hue the / (jai. dha. yaa.s./pR.68)| DaoNkTara sA0 ne jo sacela zramaNoM ke saMgha ko bhI nirgranthasaMgha nAma se abhihita kiyA hai, usake anaucitya kA pratipAdana Age SaSTha prakaraNa meM meM kiyA jAyegA / yahA~ kevala isa mAnyatA ko kapolakalpita siddha kiyA jA rahA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sacela aura acela donoM mArgoM se mokSa hone kA upadeza diyA thA aura uttarabhArata meM unhIM ke samaya se sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha vidyamAna thA / 2 ukta kapolakalpanA dvArA aneka prayojanoM kI siddhi kA prayAsa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirgranthasaMgha ko sacelAcela batalAkara mAnya vidvAn ne apanI kapolakalpanA dvArA aneka prayojanoM ko siddha karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| yathA-- 1. digambaraparamparA ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA se alaga siddha karanA / 2. mahAvIra ke tIrtha ko sacelAcela siddha karanA / 3. zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ko hI mahAvIra kI paramparA kA uttarAdhikArI ThaharAnA / 4. aura isa prakAra jo grantha zvetAmbaroM kA nahIM hai aura spaSTataH yApanIyoM kA bhI nahIM hai, kintu jisakI kucha viSayavastu zvetAmbaragranthoM kI viSayavastu se milatIjulatI hai, use yadi vaha yApanIyasampradAya kI utpatti ke pUrva racA gayA hai, to uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela paramparA ke AcAryoM dvArA racita siddha karanA aura yadi usake bAda racA gayA hai, to usa paramparA ke uttarAdhikArI yApanIyasaMgha ke AcArya dvArA racita batalAnA, aura isa taraha usake digambaragrantha hone kA apalApa karanA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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84 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 3 kapolakalpita hone ke zAstrIya pramANa 3.1. bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirgranthasaMgha sarvathA acelamArgI uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke kezI - gautama - saMvAda meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelakadharma kA upadeza diyA thA aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne saceladharma kAacelago ya jo dhammo jo imo saMtaruttaro / desido vaddhamANeNa pAseNa ya mahAjasA // 23/29 // zrI haribhadrasUri ne to apane grantha paJcAzaka meM mahAvIra ke atirikta bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko bhI aceladharma kA hI pravartaka (upadezaka ) batalAyA hai a02 / pra0 3 Acelakko dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jiNassa / majjhimagANa jiNANaM hoi sacelo acelo ya // 12 // prathama aura carama tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha sAdhuoM ke lie jo dasa prakAra kA kalpa ( AcAra) nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai, usameM Acelakya kA nirdeza sarvaprathama kiyA gayA hai Acelakkuddesiya- sejjAyara - rAyapiMDa - kiikamme / vaya - jeTTha-paDikkamaNe mAsaM pajjosavaNakappo // yaha kalpaniryukti kI gAthA hai / (dekhiye, 'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ' / pR. 336 ) / jItakalpabhASya kI bhI yaha 1972 vIM gAthA hai / (jai. dha. yA.sa./ pR.132) / tattvArthasUtra meM bhI sAdhu ke bAIsa parISahoM meM nAgnyaparISaha batAyA gayA hai, jo sAdhu ke lie acelaliMga dhAraNa karane ke upadeza kA sUcaka hai / zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka Adi parISahoM ko jItane kA upedaza bhI acelatva kI anivAryatA kA jJApaka hai, kyoMki vastradhArI ko ye parISaha saMbhava nahIM hai| AcArAMga meM bhI isakA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / ( dekhiye, Age adhyAya 3 / prakaraNa 1 / zIrSaka 6, 7, 9 ) / ina pramANoM se siddha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirgranthasaMgha ko sacelAcelamArgI kahanA Agamaviruddha hai arthAt kapolakalpita hai / DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI Age calakara svamata meM parivartana karate hue apane navIna grantha jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA (pR. 26) meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirgranthasaMgha ko acelamArgI hI svIkAra kiyA hai| dekhie - For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra03 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitaMtA kA udghATana / 85 "dakSiNa kI jalavAyu uttara kI apekSA garma thI, ataH acelatA ke paripAlana meM dakSiNa meM gaye nirgranthasaMgha ko koI kaThinAI nahIM huI, jaba ki uttara ke nirgranthasaMgha meM kucha pAzrvApatyoM ke prabhAva se aura kucha atizItala jalavAyu ke kAraNa yaha acelatA akSuNNa nahIM raha sakI aura eka vastra rakhA jAne lgaa|" 3.2. mahAvIra-praNIta jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa donoM sarvathA acela ___ acelakadharma ke praNetA hone ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa donoM sarvathA acela haiN| unakA svarUpa digambaragranthoM meM varNita hai| vAmadevakRta bhAvasaMgraha meM jinakalpI muniyoM ke svarUpa kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai-"aba jinakalpa nAmaka cAritra kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai, jisase bhavyoM ko nizcitarUpa se muktivadhU kA saMga prApta hotA hai| jinakalpika muni zuddhasamyagdarzanayukta, indriyakaSAyoM ke vijetA aura ekAdazAMgazruta ko eka akSara ke samAna jAnanevAle hote haiN| pairoM meM kA~TA lagane aura A~khoM meM dhUla jAne para svayaM alaga nahIM karate, dUsaroM ke alaga karane para mauna rahate haiN| ve vajravRSabhanArAca-saMhananadhArI hote haiM, satata mauna dhAraNa karate haiM aura guphA, parvata, vana yA nadItaTa para rahate haiN| varSAkAla meM mArga ke jIvoM se vyApta hone para chaha mAsa taka niHspRha aura nirAhAra kAyotsarga meM sthita rahate haiN| mokSa-sAdhana meM unakI niSThA hotI hai, ratnatraya se vibhUSita hokara niHsaMga dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM lIna rahate haiN| ye muni 'jina' kI taraha aniyatavAsI hokara vicarate haiM, isa kAraNa AcAryoM ne inheM jinakalpika kahA hai|" (zloka 263-269) / sthavirakalpa ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue prAkRta-bhAvasaMgrahakAra devasena kahate haiM-"pA~coM prakAra ke vastroM kA tyAga, AkiMcanya, pratilekhana, paMcamahAvrata-pAlana, navadhAbhaktipUrvaka pANitala meM prApta AhAra ko dina meM eka bAra khar3e hokara grahaNa karanA, bhikSA kI yAcanA na karanA, bAhyAbhyantara tapa kA abhyAsa karanA, SaDAvazyaka kA pAlana, bhUmizayana, kezaloca, paMcendriyarodha aura jinavarasadRza pratirUpa grahaNa karanA sthavirakalpa ke lakSaNa haiN| hInasaMhanana aura duHSamakAla ke prabhAva se Ajakala sthavirakalpasthita sAdhu pura, nagara aura grAmavAsI ho gaye haiN| ve vaha upakaraNa bhI grahaNa karate haiM, jisase cAritra kI hAni na ho| yogya hone para pustakadAna bhI svIkAra karate haiN| samudAya meM vihAra, yathAzakti dharmaprabhAvanA, bhavyajIvoM ko dharmopadeza, ziSyoM kA pAlana aura grahaNa sthavirakalpikoM kA AcAra hai| yadyapi saMhanana tuccha, kAla duHSama aura mana capala hai, tathApi dhIrapuruSa utsAhapUrvaka mahAvratoM kA pAlana karate haiN|" (zra.bha. ma./ pR. 288-289 se uddhRt)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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86 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 3.3. zvetAmbaramAnya jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa donoM sacela kintu zvetAmbaragranthoM meM jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpika muniyoM ke jo liMga prarUpita kiye gaye haiM, ve donoM sacela haiM / sarvocca jinakalpika ko bhI kama se kama mukhavastrikA aura Unanirmita rajoharaNa dhAraNa karanA anivArya batalAyA gayA hai| yaha nimnalikhita pramANoM se siddha hai 3.3.1. jinakalpI bhI sacela aura anagna - hemacandrasUri ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI " jiNakappiyAdao puNa sovahao savvakAlamegaMto" (2584) isa gAthA kI utthAnikA meM kahA hai ki jinakalpika sadA sacela hote haiM- "jinakalpikAdayastu sadaiva sacelakAH / " jinakalpikoM aura sthavirakalpikoM ke sacelatva para zvetAmbara muni upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI (1572 I0) ne pravacanaparIkSA nAmaka grantha meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai a02 / pra0 3 "ye tu jinakalpikAste dvividhA - labdhimanto'labdhimantazca / tatra labdhirapi karmaNAM kSayopazamavaicitryavazAt keSAJcit pAtraviSayA keSAJcidvastraviSayA keSaJcidubhayaviSayA'pi / tatrApi yeSAM pAtraviSayA taiH pANipAtratayaiva bhavitavyaM, pANinaivAzanAdAvAhIyamANe na kApi saMyamavirAdhanA, nApi pravacanajugupsA, pratyuta pravacanaprabhAvanA, sA ca labdhirevaM mAijja ghaDasahassA ahavA mAyaMti sAgarA savve / eArasIo so pANipaDiggahI hoi // tti te ca vastrANi bibhrati, tadviSayakalabdhyabhAvAt / tatrApi sAmarthyAnusAreNa kazcidekaM kalpaM kazcid dvau kazcittrIn kalpAn bibharti / teSAM ca krameNa rajoharaNa-mukhavAstrikopetAni trINi catvAri paJca vopakaraNAni bhavanti / evaM vastrAnAvRtA api ye nagnA na dRzyante te vastraviSayakalabdhimantaH, vastrajanyakAryaviSayakalabdhibhAja ityarthaH / teSAM vastrakAryasya labdhyaiva kRtatvAdvastrAbhAvaH / na hi kazcidapyAdityodyotite vastuni pradIpamapekSate, pradIpakAryasya sUryeNaiva kRtatvAt / tatrApi zItAdisahana - sAmarthyamapekSaNIyaM, pAtrANi ca tdvissyklbdhybhaavaat| teSAM copakaraNAni navaiva bhavanti, niyatasaptasaMkhyAkeSu pAtraniyogopakaraNeSu vikalpAbhAvAt / ye tu vastrapAtrobhayaviSayakalabdhimanto na te pAtraM na vA vastrANi bibhrati dvayorapi prayojanAbhAvAd ubhayajanyasyApi kAryasya labdhyaiva kRtatvAt / teSAmupakaraNe rajoharaNa-mukhavastrikAlakSaNe bhavataH / ye tvalabdhibhAjastairavazyaM vastrapAtrAdyupakaraNaM dharttavyameva, yaduktaM - 'niratizayinA vastrapAtrAdikamantareNa caraNasya prasAdhayitumazakyatvAd' iti zrIdharmasaMgrahaNIvRttau 226 patrAtmake pustake 192 patre, teSAM ca madhye sAmarthyAnusAreNa kazcidekaM kalpaM dharati tasya dazopakaraNAni / yastu dvau kalpau bibharti tasyaikAdaza / yasya kalpatrayaM tasya dvAdazopakaraNAni bhavanti, yaduktaM - For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra03 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 87 patta-pattAbaMdho pAyaTThavaNaM ca paaykesriaa| paDalAiM rayattANaM gucchagao paaynijjogo|| 'pAyanijjogu' tti paatrprikrH| tinneva ya pacchAgA rayaharaNaM ceva hoi muhpttii| eso duvAlasaviho uvahI jiNakappiANaM tu|| 'pacchAga' tti pracchAdakAH kalpAH, dvau sautrau ekastvaurNika iti trayaH klpaaH| evamupakaraNabhedairaSTau vikalpA jinakalpe bhvnti| yaduktaM duga tiga caukka paNagaM nava dasa ikkAraseva baarsgN| ee aTTha vigappA jiNakappe huMti uvhiss|| puttIrayaharaNehiM duviho tiviho a ikkkppjuo| cauhA kappadugeNaM kappatigeNaM tu pNcviho|| duviho tiviho cauhA paMcavihovihu spaaynigjogii| jAyai navahA dasahA ikkArasahA duvaalshaa|| iti (pnycvstu0/772/3/4)| evaMvidho hi jinakalpaH samprati vyucchinnH| yatkAlotpannaH siddhayati tatkAlotpanna eva jinakalpaM pratipadyante, nAnyaH, samprati tthaasvruupaabhaavaat| sampratyekaH sthavirakalpa ev| tadvAn punarjaghanyato'pi cturdshopkrnnvaanev| tAni copakaraNAni dvAdaza jinakalpoktAnyeva, mAtrakaM colapaTTakazceti cturdsh| yaduktaM ee ceva duvAlasa mattaga aidega colapaTTo u| eso caudasarUvo uvahI puNa therkppNmi|| iti (paM0 779) / tatra mAtrakaM sarvayatisAdharaNavastugrahaNayogyaH paatrvishessH| sthavirakalpe utkRSTapadikopakaraNacintAyAM tu zItAdyasahiSNUn tapasvibAlaglAnAdIn pratItya yAvat saMyamanirvAhaheturdviguNo'pyadhiko vA upadhiH shriinishiithcuuaadyaagmokto'vgntvyH| evamuktaprakAreNa jinakalpikAH sthavirakalpikAzcetyubhaye'pi prAguktaguNahetave vastrANi bibhrti| anyathA pravacanakhiMsAdayaH strIjanasyAtmanazca mohodayAdayo bahavo doSAH syuH|" (prava.parI/ vRtti./ 1 / 2 / 31 / pR.93-95)| anuvAda "jinakalpika sAdhu do prakAra ke hote haiM : labdhimAn aura albdhimaan| labdhi bhI karmoM kI vicitratA ke adhIna hotI hai, ataH kisI ko kevala pAtraviSayaka labdhi For Personal & Private Use Only

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88 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra03 prApta hotI hai, kisI ko vastraviSayaka aura kisI ko ubhyvissyk| pAtraviSayaka labdhivAle pANipAtrI hote haiN| pANipAtra meM hI AhArAdi lAne para unase kisI bhI prakAra kI saMyamavirAdhanA nahIM hotI, na hI jinazAsana kA tiraskAra hotA hai, pratyuta prabhAvanA hotI hai| usa labdhi kA svarUpa aisA hai ki jise vaha prApta hotI hai, usakI pANi meM hajAroM ghar3e jala athavA samasta sAgara samA jAte haiN| pAtralabdhivAle vastradhAraNa karate haiM, kyoMki unake pAsa vastralabdhi nahIM hotI / vastroM meM apane sAmarthyAnusAra koI eka kalpa (cAdara), koI do kalpa aura koI tIna kalpa (do cAdara aura eka kambala) rakhatA hai, jisase kisI ke pAsa rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA sahita tIna, kisI ke pAsa cAra aura kisI ke pAsa pA~ca upakaraNa ho jAte haiN| isIprakAra jo vastra se AcchAdita na hone para bhI nagna nahIM dikhate, ve vastralabdhiyukta hote haiM, arthAt vastra kA kArya karanevAlI labdhi unake pAsa hotI hai| vastra kA kArya labdhi se hI sampanna ho jAne ke kAraNa unheM vastra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, jaise sUrya se vastue~ dikhAI dene para kisI ko dIpaka kI jarUrata nahIM hotii| vastralabdhivAle meM zItAdi ke sahana kA sAmarthya bhI A jAtA hai, kintu use pAtra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai, kyoMki vaha pAtraviSayakalabdhi se rahita hotA hai| vastralabdhiyukta, kintu pAtralabdhirahita sAdhuoM ke pAsa nau hI upakaraNa hote haiM, kyoMki sAta prakAra kA pAtra-parikara unameM se sabhI ke lie anivArya hai| kintu jinake pAsa vastra aura pAtra donoM se sambandhita labdhiyA~ hotI haiM, ve na pAtra grahaNa karate haiM, na vastra, kyoMki unakA donoM se prayojana nahIM hotaa| unake vastra aura pAtra donoM se hone vAle kArya labdhi se hI siddha ho jAte haiN| unake upakaraNa do hI hote haiM : rajoharaNa aura mukhvstrikaa| ___ "jo labdhimAn nahIM hote, unheM vastrapAtrAdi upakaraNa dhAraNa karanA anivArya hai, jaisA ki 226 pRSThoMvAlI 'dharmasaMgrahaNIvRtti' meM 192veM pRSTha para kahA gayA hai-"atizayarahita sAdhu ke lie vastrapAtrAdi ke binA cAritra kI sAdhanA saMbhava nahIM hai|" unameM se sAmarthyAnusAra koI eka cAdara rakhatA hai, to usake dasa upakaraNa ho jAte haiN| jo do cAdara rakhatA hai usake gyAraha upakaraNa hote haiM aura tIna cAdara (do sUtI aura eka UnI) rakhanevAlA bAraha upakaraNoM kA dhAraka hotA hai| aisA hI nimnalikhita gAthAoM meM kahA gayA hai "pAtra, pAtrabandha, pAtrasthApana, pAtrakesarikA (pAtrapramArjanikA) paTala, rajastrANa aura gucchaka, yaha pAtraniryoga hai|" pAtraniryoga kA artha hai paatrprikr| "inake atirika tIna pracchAdaka (kalpa), rajoharaNa aura mukhapaTTikA inako milAkara kula bAraha upakaraNa jinakalpikoM ke hote haiN|" For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra03 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 89 "pracchAdaka kA artha hai kalpa, do sUtI aura eka UnI, isa taraha unakI saMkhyA tIna hai| isa prakAra upakaraNabheda se jinakalpI sAdhuoM ke ATha bheda hote haiM, jaisA ki kahA gayA hai "jinakalpa meM upadhi ke ATha vikalpa hote haiM : do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca, nau, dasa, gyAraha aura baarh| kisI jinakalpI ke pAsa mukhapaTTikA aura rajoharaNa, kevala ye do upakaraNa hote haiM, kisI ke pAsa inake atirikta eka kalpa hone para tIna upakaraNa hote haiN| kisI ke pAsa unake sAtha do kalpa hone para cAra upakaraNa ho jAte haiN| jisake pAsa mukhapaTTikA aura rajoharaNa ke atirikta tIna kalpa hote haiM, vaha pA~ca upakaraNoMvAlA hotA hai| ina do, tIna, cAra aura pA~ca upakaraNavAloM ke sAtha sAta-sAta prakAra kA pAtraniryoga hone para jinakalpI sAdhu kramazaH nau, dasa, gyAraha aura bAraha upakaraNavAle ho jAte haiN| isa taraha upakaraNabheda se jinakalpI sAdhu ATha prakAra ke hote haiM, aisA paJcavastu meM kahA gayA hai| "isa prakAra kA jinakalpa vartamAna meM vyucchinna ho gayA hai| jisa kAla meM utpanna hone para siddhi (mukti) prApta hotI hai, usI kAla meM utpanna honevAlA jinakalpa dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, dUsarA nhiiN| vartamAnakAla aisA nahIM hai, isalie isameM jinakalpa dhAraNa karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa samaya kevala sthavirakalpa hI pravartamAna hai| use dhAraNa karanevAle ke kama se kama caudaha upakaraNa hote haiN| unameM bAraha to ve hI haiM, jo jinakalpikoM ke haiN| mAtraka (eka prakAra kA pAtra) aura colapaTTaka ye do unake atirikta upakaraNa haiN| yahI bAta 'paJcavastu' kI 'ee ceva' ityAdi gAthA meM kahI gaI hai| "mAtraka eka aisA pAtravizeSa hai, jisameM sabhI prakAra ke yatiyoM ke yogya vastu lAyI jA sakatI hai| sthavirakalpa meM zItAdi na saha sakanevAle bAla, vRddha, glAna Adi sAdhuoM ke saMyamanirvAha hetu dugune athavA usase bhI adhika upakaraNoM kI anumati nizIthacUrNi Adi AgamoM meM dI gaI hai| isa prakAra jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpika donoM pUrvokta guNoM (lokamaryAdA kA pAlana, lajjA tathA brahmacarya kI rakSA, zItAtapadaMzamazakajanya pIr3AoM ke nirodha dvArA saddhyAna kI prApti, jainasaMgha kI nindA kA parihAra, striyoM meM kAmavikArotpatti kA nivAraNa evaM jIvahiMsA kI nivRtti )62 kI siddhi ke 62. loANuvattidhammo lajjA taha baMbhacerarakkhA y| sIAtavadaMsa-masagapIDArahiassa sajjhANaM // 30 // pavayaNakhiMsA paravaggamohudayavAraNaM ca vtthehiN| tasathAvarANajayaNA pattehiM taheva vinnnneyaa|| 31 // prvcnpriikssaa/1/2/pR.91-92| For Personal & Private Use Only

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90 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 2 / pra0 3 lie vastra dhAraNa karate haiN| anyathA jainasaMgha kI nindA, striyoM tathA svayaM meM kAmavikAra kI utpatti Adi aneka doSa utpanna ho sakate haiM / " vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke vRttikAra zrI hemacandrasUri (1164 I0) ne bhI jinakalpiyoM ke labdhimAn aura alabdhimAn do bheda batalAye haiM aura kahA hai ki yadi pAtralabdhimAn jinakalpika bhI pAtra rakhatA hai, to vaha alabdhimAn rugNa-vRddha jinakalpika ko pAtra meM AhAra lAkara de sakatA hai| isase dayAdharma kA pAlana hotA hai aura paraspara samatA evaM svAsthya bhI tulya rahatA hai " evaM ca pAtre parigrahe sati labdhimatAmalabdhimatAM ca zaktAnAmazaktAnAM ca, vAstavyAnAM prAghUrNakAnAM ca sarveSAmapi sAdhUnAM parasparaM samatA svAsthyaM ca tulyatA bhavati / pAtre hi sati labdhimAn bhaktapAnAdikaM samAnIyAlabdhimate dadAti / " (hema. vRtti / vize. bhA. / 2579) / isa prakAra zvetAmbarasAhitya meM jina sAdhuoM ko jinakalpika kahA gayA hai, ve bhI sacela aura anagna hI hote the| jo jinakalpika kevala mukhavastrikA aura Unanirmita rajoharaNa dhAraNa karate the, unakI nagnatA vastralabdhi se AcchAdita ho jAtI thI, ataH ve mukhavastrikA aura rajoharaNa rakhane ke kAraNa sacela bhI hote the aura anagna bhI / tathA jina jinakalpikoM ke pAsa vastralabdhi nahIM hotI thI, ve eka, do yA tIna kalpa (cAdara) rakhate the / unameM se eka ko bhI kandhe para laTakA lene yA or3ha lene se guhyAMga Dha~ka jAtA thA / isa prakAra ve bhI sacela aura anagna rahate the| yaha kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki ve cAdara or3hate hue yA kandhe para laTakAkAra rakhate hue bhI apane guhyAMga ko khulA rakhate hoMge, kyoMki isase yaha siddha hogA ki ve aparigraha ko dharma nahIM mAnate the, apitu guhyAMga ke pradarzana ko dharma mAnate the, jo dharma to kisI bhI prakAra ho hI nahIM sakatA thA, eka azlIla kRtya hI ho sakatA thA / pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne digambaroM kI nagnatA ko lakSya karake ise bhaNDikaceSTA kahA hai aura vezyAoM ke hI samakSa karanA ucita batalAyA hai, kulastriyoM ke samakSa nhiiN|63 digambaramuni to zarIra para eka dhAgA bhI rakhane ko parigraha mAnate haiM, isalie aparigrahamahAvrata ke pAlanArtha ve sarvathA acela rahate haiM / isa kAraNa unakA guhyAMga anabhiprAyapUrvaka khulA rahatA hai, kintu jo muni cAdara rakhate hue bhI use khulA rakhe, 63. "kiM ca nagnasya te vezyAdijanopAnta evopavezanAdikaM yuktaM, bhaNDikaceSTAyAH tatraiva yuktatvAt na punaH kulastrImadhye'vAcyaM darzayatastavAvasthAnaM yuktaM loke tava tAsAM cAtinindanIyatvAt / " pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti 1 / 2 / 31 / pR.95 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra03 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 91 usake kRtya ko to sAbhiprAya hI mAnanA hogaa| aura taba pravacanaparIkSAkAra kA bhaNDikaceSTA kA Aropa usa para zatazaH caritArtha hogaa| ataH yaha kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki jinakalpI sAdhu kalpadhAraNa karate hue bhI guhyAMga ko khulA rakhate hoNge| ve nizcaya hI kalpa ko zarIra para isa prakAra DAlate hoMge, jisase guhyAMga chipa jAtA hogaa| pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne bhI kahA hai ki jinakalpiyoM ke kalpa rakhane kA uddezya zItAdi nivAraNa ke atirikta nagnatA ko chipAnA bhI hai, jisase jinazAsana kA upahAsa evaM striyoM meM kAmavikAra kI utpatti na ho ske| yaha unake pUrvokta nimnalikhitaH vacanoM se prakaTa hai "evamuktaprakAreNa jinakalpikAH sthavirakalpikAzcetyubhaye'pi prAguktaguNahetave vastrANi bibhrti| anyathA pravacanakhiMsAdayaH strIjanasyAtmanazca mohodayAdayo bahavo doSAH syuH|" (prava.parI./vRtti/1/2/31 / pR.95)| pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne to digambaroM para AkSepa karate hue yahA~ taka kahA hai ki bhale hI zItAdiparISaha sahana karane ke lie vastra tyAga diyA jAya, kintu atyanta avAcya (nAma na lene yogya) avayava puruSacihna ko chipAne ke lie to vastra-dhAraNa karanA hI cAhie "atha zItAdisahanArthaM vastraM parihiyate iti cet parihiyatAM nAma tadarthaM, paramAvAcyAvayavagopananimittaM tu dhrttvymev|" (prava.parI/vRtti/1/2/31/pR.95) isase yaha bAta acchI taraha spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jinakalpika sAdhuoM ke kalpa dhAraNa karane kA prayojana mukhyataH guhyAMga ko chipAnA hI thaa| isa prakAra jaba jinakalpI bhI sacela aura anagna hote the, taba yaha dAvA mithyA siddha ho jAtA hai ki jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpavAlI nirgranthaparamparA sacelAcela thI, vastutaH vaha kevala sacela thii| 3.3.2. zvetAmbara-jinakalpikoM kA nagna rahanA asaMbhava-'pravacanaparIkSA' ke uparyukta vacanoM se siddha hai ki zvetAmbaramata meM nagnatA ko azlIla tathA striyoM meM kAmavikArajanaka mAnA gayA hai| isalie zvetAmbara jinakalpikoM kA nagna rahanA saMbhava nahIM thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki vastralabdhiyukta jinakalpikoM kI nagnatA ko vastralabdhi se AcchAdita mAnA gayA hai| tathA jo vastralabdhirahita haiM unake lie eka se lekara tIna taka kalpa rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, tAki unakI nagnatA kalpa se AcchAdita rhe| yahA~ taka ki tIrthaMkaroM ke bhI guhyAMga kA prakaTa honA azlIla evaM kAmavikArotpAdaka mAnA gayA hai, isIlie zvetAmbaragraMthoM meM yaha kalpanA kI gayI hai ki unakA guhyAMga For Personal & Private Use Only

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92 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra03 unake zubhaprabhAmaMDala se AcchAdita rahatA hai| (dekhie, paMcama adhyAya : purAtattva meM digambaraparamparA ke prmaann)| isa prakAra zvetAmbara jinakalpI aura sthavirakalpI sAdhuoM meM antara mAtra yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jinakalpI Rddhilabdha-dehAvaraNadhArI yA kaTivastrarahita-vastrapAtradhArI hote the aura sthavirakalpI kttivstrshit-vstrpaatrdhaarii| 3.3.3. zvetAmbara-jinakalpikoM kA nagnatva aucityavihIna-jinakalpikoM kA nagna rahanA aucityavihIna bhI thA, kyoMki jaba vastradhAraNa karane se bhI mukti ho sakatI hai, taba nagna rahane kA kyA aucitya hai? yaha to niSprayojana kaSTa sahanA hai| zvetAmbaramuni upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI ne yaha bAta svayaM svIkAra kI hai| ve boTika zivabhUti ke dvArA strImukti kA niSedha kiye jAne para TippaNI karate hue kahate haiM ___"atha yadA zivabhUtinA nagnabhAvo'bhyupagatastadAnImutarAnAmnyAH svabhaginyA vstr-pridhaanmnujnyaatm| evaM ca sati yadi strINAM muktiM prarUpayati tadA savastranirvastrayoravizeSApattyA svakIyanagnabhAvasya kevalaM klezataivApadyateti vicintya strINAM muktirnissiddhaa|" (prava.parI./ vRtti/1/2/18/ pR.82)| anuvAda-"jisa samaya zivabhUti ne nagnatA (digambaraveza) svIkAra kI, usa samaya usane uttarA nAma kI apanI bahina ke lie vastra pahanane kI AjJA dii| aba yadi vaha striyoM ke lie mukti kA prarUpaNa karatA hai, to savastra aura nirvastra donoM ko mukti saMbhava ho jAne se svayaM kA nagna rahanA kevala kleza kA hI kAraNa siddha hogA, aisA socakara usane striyoM ke lie mukti kA niSedha kara diyaa| isa taraha jinakalpikoM ke nagna rahane kA aucitya bhI ghaTita nahIM hotaa| ataH unakA zarIra laukika vastra yA alaukika vastra se AcchAdita hI batalAyA gayA hai| 3.3.4. vastralabdhimAn jinakalpika nAmamAtra se acela-hemacandrasUri ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke anusAra sabhI jinakalpika sAdhuoM ko sacela batalAyA hai| unhoMne tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI mukhavastrikA aura rajoharaNa dhAraNa na karate hue bhI64 kandhe para devadUSya vastra DAlakara pravrajita hone ke kAraNa sacela hI kahA hai|5 kintu 64. "yena kAraNena tIrthakRtAM vastrAdyanupayogaH tena kAraNenArhan svaliGgaparaliGgagRhasthaliGgai rahitaH syaat| tatra svaliGgaM rajoharaNAdi, paraliGgamanyatIrthikaliGgaM picchikAdikaM, gRhasthaliGgaM tu prtiitmev|" pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti / 1/2/11/pR.78 / 65. "yadyapi tatsaMyamasyAnupakAri vastraM, tathApi savastrameva tIrthaM 'savastrA eva sAdhavastIrthe ciraM bhaviSyanti' ityasyArthasyopadezanaM jJApanaM tadarthaM gRhItaikavastrAH sarve'pi tiirthkRto'bhinisskraamntiiti| tasmiMzca vastre cyute kvApi patite'celakA vastrarahitAste bhavinta, na punaH srvdaa|" hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gaa.2581-83| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 3 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 93 pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne vastrapAtra - labdhimAn jinakalpikoM ko mukhavastrikA - rajoharaNadhArI hote hue bhI mukhyAvRttyA acela batalAyA hai / 66 isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vastralabdhimAn jinakalpI sAdhuoM kI nagnatA alaukika vastra se hI AcchAdita rahatI thI, ataH unheM laukika vastra dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM hotA thaa| mAtra isa bahAne unheM acela yA nagna kahA gayA hai| kintu unakA zarIra yathAjAtarUpa se acela nahIM hotA thA, ataH ve yathArthataH nahIM, apitu nAmamAtra se acela hote the| isa prakAra zabdachala ke dvArA zvetAmbaraparamparA meM acela yA nagna sAdhuvarga kA astitva siddha karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| ina tathyoM se siddha hai ki zvetAmbaramatokta jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa donoM sala haiN| 3.4. AcArAMgavarNita acelatva avyavahRta AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi zItAdi - parISaha sahana karane kI zakti ho aura lajjA ko bhI jIta liyA jAya, to sarvathA acela rahanA cAhie arthAt na kaTivastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie, na kalpa ( cAdara yA kambala) / ( dekhie, adhyAya 3/prakaraNa 1 / zIrSaka 6, 7) / acelatva kA yaha svarUpa digambara- paramparA - sammata hai, jise AcArAMga meM svIkRti pradAna kara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla paramparA sUcita kI gayI hai, kintu zvetAmbarasaMgha meM vaha AcaraNa kA aMga kabhI nahIM banA / vRttikAra zIlAGkAcArya ne ise jinakalpikoM kA AcAraNa kahakara vyucchinna ghoSita kiyA bhI hai / zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI likhate haiM- "gaNipiTaka ke pA~caveM aMga vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatIsUtra) meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya gaNadhara gautamasvAmI ke vastra, pAtra, mukhavastrikA Adi dharmopakaraNoM kA spaSTa ullekha vidyamAna hai| " (jai.dha. mau.i./ bhA.3/pR.206) / isakI puSTi 'pravacanaparIkSA' kI vRtti ke nimnalikhita vAkya se hotI hai "arhataH saMyamayogeSUpakArI vastrapAtrAdirna bhavati / itareSAM sudharmAdisAdhUnAM bhavati / tena tIrthakRtA saha sAmyaM na sAdhoriti / " ( prava. parI / vRtti / 1 / 2 /10/ pR.78) / 66. "ihAcelakyaM dvidhA mukhyamaupacArikaM ca / tatra mukhyaM tIrthakRtAM kasyacijjinakalpikasya c| --- jinakalpikasya tu kasyacittathAvidhalabdhimato jinakalpapratipatteH rajoharaNamukhavastrikAtiriktopa-karaNAbhAvAt sarvathA vastrAbhAvAdevAcelakatvaM mukhymev| uktazeSasAdhUnAM tUpacaritaM yataste parizuddhajIrNAdivastraM mUrcchAdirAhityena paribhuJjAnAH satyapi vastre'celA eva bhaNyante / " pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti / 1 / 2 / 6 / pR.75 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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94 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 3 anuvAda - " vastrapAtrAdi tIrthaMkaroM ke saMyama, yoga Adi meM upakArI nahIM hote, kintu sudharmAdi sAdhuoM ke saMyamAdi meM upakArI hote haiM, ataH tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha sAdhuoM kI samAnatA nahIM hotii| " zvetAmbara sAdhvI zrI saMghamitrA jI ke anusAra 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA AcArya sudharmA se prAraMbha hotI hai / digambara - paramparA meM yaha zreya gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ko hai| sudharmA kI jainasaMgha ko sabase mahattvapUrNa dena dvAdazAGgI kI racanA hai|" (jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya/pR.7) / isase saMketa milatA hai ki jaba gautama, sudharmA jaise prathamasaMhananadhArI evaM dvAdazAMgadhara gaNadharoM ne AcArAMgavarNita acelatva ko aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA, taba anyoM ke dvArA kiye jAne kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| isase spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbaraparamparA meM AcArAMgavarNita acelatva kA kisI bhI muni ke dvArA AcaraNa nahIM kiyA gyaa| isakA kAraNa atyanta tarkasaMgata thaa| bhale hI AcArAMga meM acelatva ko zreSTha kahA gayA ho (dekhie, tRtIya adhyAya), kintu jaba sacelatva ko bhI mukti kA mArga batalAyA gayA ho, taba acelatva kI zreSThatA tarka kI kasauTI para kharI nahIM utaratI / sarala aura sukhakara mArga se kArya kI siddhi saMbhava hone para kaThina aura klezakAraka mArga ko apanAnA aucityapUrNa (tarkasaMgata ) siddha nahIM hotaa| vaha mAnavabuddhi aura svabhAva ke viparIta hai / ataH AcArAMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke acelakadharma ko sthAna dekara bhI salatva kA vikalpa sAtha meM rakha dene se vaha anupayogI aura agrAhya bana gayA / isalie vaha sacelamukti mAnanevAloM meM kabhI vyavahRta nahIM huaa| AcArAMga meM use vaikalpikarUpa se sthAna diye jAne ke do mahattvapUrNa kAraNa the - 1. loka meM yaha suprasiddha thA ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne mokSa ke lie acelatva ko aMgIkAra kiyA thA aura mokSArthiyoM ko bhI usI ke aMgIkaraNa kA upadeza diyA thA, isalie acelatva ko amAnya karanA saMbhava nahIM thA, tathA 2. acelatva ko AgamoM meM sthAna dene se tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke anuyAyI hone kA pramANapatra milanA bhI saMbhava thaa| ina do kAraNoM se vartamAna AcArAMga Adi AgamoM meM acelatva ke upadeza ko sthAna diyA gayA, kintu vaikalpika sacelamArga kA samAveza kara tathA acelatva (jinakalpa) ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA kara use niSprANa evaM nirarthaka banA diyA gyaa| 3.5. jinakalpa ke vyuccheda kI ghoSaNA isa prakAra zvetAmbara - sammata jinakalpa prathama to acela thA hI nahIM, dUsare, zvetAmbaragranthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki antima kevalI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt vaha vyucchinna ho gayA, arthAt usakI pravRtti banda ho gaI, kyoMki use dhAraNa karane ke lie aneka atizayoM (vizeSa yogyatAoM) kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jaise uttamadhRti, 44 For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra03 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 95 prathamasaMhanana, pUrvaveditva aadi|67 jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda paMcama kAla ke prabhAva se manuSyoM meM ina atizayoM kI utpatti kA abhAva ho gyaa| ataH jinakalpa dhAraNa karane kI yogyatA bhI samApta ho gii| ise pramANita karane ke lie jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya meM nimnalikhita gAthA racakara ise tIrthaMkaravacana ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA hai maNa-paramohi-pulAe-AhAraga-khavaga-uvasame kppe| saMjamatiya-kevali-sijhaNA ya jaMbummi bucchinnnnaa|| 2593 // anuvAda-"manaHparyayajJAna, paramAvadhijJAna, pulAkalabdhi, AhArakazarIra, kSapakazreNI, upazamazreNI, jinakalpa, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasAmparAya aura yathAkhyAta, ye tIna saMyama, kevalitva aura siddhi (mokSaprApti), ina dasa guNoM ko prApta karane kI manuSyoM kI zakti jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda vyuchinna ho gyii|" yaha gAthA jinabhadragaNI dvArA hI racI gayI hai, isakI puSTi pravacanaparIkSA (1/2/15/ pR.79) ke nimnalikhita vacanoM se hotI hai-"yaduktaM bhaassykaarenn-mnn-prmohipulaae---|" (vi0 2593) / abhidhAna rAjendra koSa (bhAga 4/ pR.1490) meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai| zrI jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne boTika zivabhUti-sammata jinaliMgarUpa acela jinakalpa ko bhI ukta gAthA ke dvArA jambU-svAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda vyucchinna ghoSita kiyA hai| zivabhUti jinendragRhIta acelaliMga ko hI mokSArthiyoM ke lie grAhya batalAtA hai aura svayaM bhI use hI grahaNa karane ke lie kRtasaMkalpa hotA hai, taba guru AryakRSNa kahate haiM___ "taM jai jiNavayaNAo pavajasi, pavajja to sa chinno ti|" (vize. bhA./ gA. 2592)= "--- yadi jinavacanAdarhadupadezAjjinakalpaM pratipadyase tvam, tatastarhi 'sa jinakalpo vyavacchinnaH' itIdamapi prtipdysv|" (vahI / hem.vRtti.)| ___ anuvAda-"yadi tuma jinopadeza kA anusaraNa karate hue jinakalpa aMgIkAra karanA cAhate ho, to jinopadeza kA hI anusaraNa karate hue yaha bhI svIkAra karo ki usakA vyuccheda ho gayA hai|" ___ukta gAthA se 'AcArAMga' aura 'sthAnAMga' meM upadiSTa acelatva bhI vyucchinna siddha ho jAtA hai| use TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya ne jinakalpa nAma de bhI diyA hai| (dekhiye, Age zIrSaka 3.8) / 17. uttamadhii-saMghayaNA puvvavido'tisaiNo syaakaalN| jiNakappiyA vi kappaM kayaparikammA pavajjaMti // 2591 // vishessaavshykbhaassy| For Personal & Private Use Only

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96 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra03 ___ isa prakAra uparyukta gAthA se sUcita hotA hai ki zvetAmbaragranthoM meM acela aura sacela, donoM prakAra ke jinakalpoM kA ullekha mAtra kiyA gayA hai, unheM aMgIkAra karane yogya nahIM mAnA gyaa| 3.6. Arya mahAgiri kA jinakalpa digambaraparamparA kA jinaliMga yadyapi zvetAmbarasAhitya meM aisA ullekha hai ki jinakalpa ke vyucchinna hone ke lagabhaga 125 varSa bAda Arya mahAgiri ne punaH jinakalpa kA AcaraNa AraMbha kiyA thA, tathApi usakI preraNA zvetAmbaraparamparA se prApta nahIM ho sakatI thI, kyoMki zvetAmbarazAstroM meM jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda se hI acelatva ke AcaraNa kA viccheda mAna liyA gayA thA aura tabhI se zvetAmbaraparamparA meM koI acelaliMgadhArI muni nahIM huaa| ekamAtra digambaraparamparA meM acelaliMgadhArI muniyoM kA astitva thA, ataH usase hI Arya mahAgiri ko acelakadharma ke aMgIkAra kI preraNA mila sakatI thii| tAtparya yaha ki Arya mahAgiri ne digambaraparamparA (mUlasaMgha) meM Acarita acelatva ko hI aMgIkRta kiyA thA, isIlie zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne use jinakalpa na kahakara jinakalpatulyavRtti yA jinakalpAbhAsa kahA hai|68 ise zvetAmbara-paramparA meM mAnyatA prApta nahIM __ isa para prakAza DAlate hue muni kalyANavijaya jI likhate haiM-"AcArya sthUlabhadra ke ziSyoM meM se sabase bar3e Arya mahAgiri ne pichale samaya meM apanA sAdhugaNa Arya suhastI ko sauMpa diyA aura Apa vastrapAtra kA tyAga kara jinakalpika sAdhuoM kA sA AcAra pAlane lge| yadyapi ve svayaM jinakalpika hone kA dAvA nahIM karate the, tathApi unakA jhukAva vastutaH jinakalpa kI hI tarapha thaa| "usa samaya ke saba se bar3e zrutadhara hone ke kAraNa Arya mahAgiri ke isa AcaraNa kA kisI ne virodha nahIM kiyA, balki 'jinakalpa kI tulanA karanevAle' 68. ka-mahAgirirnijaM gcchmnydaadaatsuhstine| vihartuM jinakalpena tveko'bhUnmanasA svym|| 11/3 // vyucchedAjjinakalpasya gacchanizrAsthito'pi hi| jinakalpArhayA vRttyA vijahAra mhaagiriH|| 11/4 // prishissttprv| kha-gurugacchadhurAdhAraNadhoreyA dhariyaladdhiNo dhaarii| cirakAle volINe mahAgiri ciMtae taann|| 2 // gurutaranijjarakArI na saMpayaM jai vi atthi jinnkppo| maha taha vi tadabbhAso paNAsae puvvpaavaaii|| 3 // upadezamAlA/ vizeSavRtti / patra 369 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra03 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 97 kahakara unake satIrthya Arya suhastI jaise yugapradhAna ne unakI prazaMsA kI, para Age jAte yaha prazaMsA maha~gI pdd'ii| Arya mahAgiri to vIra nirvANa saMvat 261 meM svargavAsI ho gaye, para unhoMne jo jinakalpa kA anukaraNa kiyA thA, usakI pravRtti baMda nahIM huii| unake katipaya ziSyoM ne bhI unakA anusaraNa kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa Arya mahAgiri aura suhastI sUri ke ziSyagaNa meM antara aura manamuTAva bar3hane lagA aura anta meM khullamakhullA nagnacaryA aura karapAtravRtti kA virodha hone lgaa| mahAgiri kI paramparAvAle, AcArAGga ke acelakatva-pratipAdaka usa ullekha se apanI pravRtti kA samarthana karate the, taba virodhapakSavAle usa ullekha kA artha jinakalpikoM kA AcAra honA batAte the aura sthaviroM ke liye vaisA karanA niSiddha samajhate the| ve kahate the ki 'bilakula vastra na rakhanA aura hAtha meM bhojana karanA jinakalpikoM kA AcAra hai, sthavirakalpikoM ko usakI tulanA bhI nahIM karanI cAhiye, kyoMki jaba isa samaya uttama saMhanana na hone se jinakalpa pAlA hI nahIM jAtA, to usakA svA~ga karane se kyA lAbha?' isa prakAra donoM kI tanA-tanI baDhatI jAtI thii| sambhavataH Arya mahAgiri ke ziSya rohagapta aura praziSya Arya gaMga bhI bAda meM jinakalpika pakSa meM mila gaye the, jo ki tIna rAziyoM ke aura do kriyAoM ke anubhava kI prarUpaNA karane ke aparAdha meM saMgha se bahiSkRta kiye gaye the| yadyapi rohagupta, gAMgeya vagairaha ke mila jAne ke kAraNa vaha pakSa kucha samaya ke lie vizeSa AgrahI bana gayA thA, para anta meM vaha nirbala ho gyaa| Arya mahAgiri ke ziSya-praziSyoM ke svargavAsa ke bAda do tIna pIr3hI taka cala kara vaha nAmazeSa raha gyaa| "isa prakAra AcArAGga ke eka ullekharUpa bIja se sacelakatA-acelakatA ke matabheda kA aMkura utpanna huA aura kucha samaya ke bAda murajhA gyaa| yadyapi isa tanAtanI kA asara sthAyI nahIM rahA, tathApi itanA jarUra huA ki pichale AcAryoM ke mana meM Arya mahAgiri ke ziSyoM ke saMbaMdha meM vaha zraddhA nahIM rahI, jo vaise zrutadharoM ke Upara rahanI cAhiye thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki vAlabhI yugapradhAna paTTAvalI meM Aja hama mahAgiri ke ziSya balissaha aura svAti jaise bahuzrutoM kA nAma nahIM paate|" (a.bha.ma./ pR. 289-291) / Arya mahAgiri dvArA prAraMbha kI gaI yaha jinakalpatulya nagnaparamparA AryarakSita ke samaya (I0 pU05 se I0 san 57) se bahuta pahale hI banda ho cukI thI, jaisA ki muni kalyANavijaya jI ne likhA hai "AryarakSita ke svargavAsa ke bAda dhIre-dhIre sAdhuoM kA nivAsa bastiyoM meM hone lagA aura isake sAtha hI nagnatA kA bhI anta hotA gyaa| pahale bastI meM jAte For Personal & Private Use Only

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98 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra03 samaya bahudhA jisa kaTibandha kA upayoga hotA thA, vaha bastI meM basane ke bAda nirantara hone lgaa| dhIre-dhIre kaTi-vastra kA bhI AkAra-prakAra badalatA gyaa| pahale mAtra zarIra kA agalA guhya aMga hI DhaMkane kA vizeSa khyAla rahatA thA, para bAda meM sampUrNa nagnatA DhA~ka lene kI jarUrata samajhI gayI aura usake liye vastra kA AkAra-prakAra bhI kucha badalanA pdd'aa| phalataH usakA nAma 'kaTibandha' miTakara colapaTTaka (cullapaTTa-choTA vastra) pdd'aa| isa prakAra sthavirakalpiyoM meM jo pahale aicchika nagnatA kA pracAra thA, usakA dhIre-dhIre anta ho gyaa| Arya mahAgiri ke samaya se jinakalpa kI tulanA ke nAma se katipaya sAdhuoM ne jo nagna rahane kI paramparA cAlU kI thI, vaha usa samaya ke bahuta pahale hI baMda ho cukI thii|" (zra.bha.ma./ pR.292)| muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne kahA hai ki Arya mahAgiri ke ziSya apane dvArA aMgIkRta acelatva kA samarthana AcArAMga ke acelatva-pratipAdaka ullekhoM se karate the| unakA yaha kathana ucita pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki AcArAMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIrapraNIta acelatva kA hI ullekha hai, jisakA AcaraNa zvetAmbaraparamparA ne to asaMbhava mAnakara tyAga diyA thA, kintu digambaraparamparA meM pravartamAna thaa| ataH Arya mahAgiri ko usake AcaraNa kI pratyakSa preraNA digambara sAdhuoM se hI prApta ho sakatI thii| isalie yaha mAnanA atyanta yuktimat hai ki Arya mahAgiri zvetAmbaraparamparA chor3akara digambaraparamparA meM A gaye the| acelatva ke apanAye jAne para unakA jo virodha, upekSA aura tiraskAra huA, usase isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai| ____ ataH Arya mahAgiri dvArA acelatva ke aMgIkAra kiye jAne se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt udita hue sacelasaMgha meM vaikalpikarUpa se acela-AcAra pracalita thaa| 3.7. sacela jinakalpa kapolakalpita zvetAmbaragranthoM meM jisa sacela jinakalpa ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA kI gayI hai, vaha vastutaH thA hI nahIM, vaha kapolakalpita hai| yaha nimnalikhita hetuoM se siddha hotA hai 1. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelakadharma kA upadeza diyA thA, usameM sacela jinakalpa yA sacela sthavirakalpa ke lie sthAna nahIM ho sktaa| ___2. zvetAmbara-Agama AcArAMga evaM sthAnAMga meM munidharma ke jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa bheda svIkAra nahIM kiye gaye haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 3 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 99 3. vastralabdhirahita jinakalpika sAdhuoM ko cAdara yA kambala or3hanevAlA batalAyA gayA hai, jo tattvArthasUtra meM upadiSTa nAgnyaparISahajaya evaM zItAdiparISahajaya pratikUla hai| 4. vastralabdhimAn sAdhuoM ke viSaya meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki unakA zarIra vastralabdhijanita alaukikavastra se Acchadita ho jAtA hai, ataH na to unakI nagnatA dikhAI detI hai, na hI unheM zItAdiparISaha hote haiM / isa taraha vastralabdhi bhI unake nAgnyaparISahajaya evaM zItAdiparISahajaya meM bAdhaka hai| I 5. sacela sthavirakalpa se mokSaprApti mAna liye jAne para jinakalpa kI mAnyatA ayuktimat siddha hotI hai / 6. zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda sAdhuoM ke lie vastradhAraNa kI anivAryatA isalie batalAyI hai ki paMcamakAla meM vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhanana upalabdha na hone se zItAdiparISahajaya saMbhava nahIM hai, na hI lajjA aura jugupsA para vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai - " tad vastraM niratizayena tathAvidhadhRtisaMhananAdirahitena sAdhunA'vazyaM dhAraNIyam" (hema vRtti/ vize. bhA. / gA. 2602 - 3 ) / kintu jinakalpI sAdhuoM ko bhI inhIM kAraNoM se cAdara aura kambala (kalpa) rakhane kI anumati dI gayI hai, jaisA ki pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne kahA hai- "evamuktaprakAreNa jinakalpikAH sthavirakalpikAzcetyubhaye'pi prAguktaguNahetave vastrANi bibhrati / anyathA pravacanakhiMsAdayaH strIjanasyAtmanazca mohodayAdayo bahavo doSAH syuH / " ( prava. parI . / vRtti / 1 / 2/31/pR.95)| isase siddha hai jinakalpika sAdhu bhI sthavirakalpikoM ke samAna vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananadhArI nahIM hote the| phira bhI unheM vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananadhArI batalAyA gayA hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbaramatokta jinakalpa prAmANika evaM yuktimat nahIM hai, apitu kapolakalpita hai| 3.8. acelatva kI 'jinakalpa' saMjJA svakalpita zvetAmbara - Agama AcArAMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa aura digambaramatasammata acelatva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / usameM zIta se bacane ke lie kula tIna vastra grAhya batalAye gaye haiM aura zIta ke kramazaH kama hone para eka-eka vastra tyAgate jAne kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| eka vastra kA tyAga kara denevAle sAdhu ko avamacela, do kA tyAga kara denevAle ko ekazATaka aura tInoM kA tyAga kara nagna ho jAne vAle sAdhu ko acela kahA gayA hai| yathA 44 'aha puNa evaM jANijjA - uvAikkaMte khalu hemaMte gimhe paDivanne ahAparijunnA vatthAI pariTThavijjA, aduvA saMtaruttare, aduvA omacele, aduvA egasADe, aduvA acele / " ( AcArAMga / 1 / 7 / 4 / 209 ) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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100 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra03 aura isa taraha nagna ho jAnevAle sAdhu ke zarIra ko vastralabdhijanya alaukika vastra se AcchAdita bhI nahIM batalAyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki AcArAMga meM svIkRta yaha acelatva mahAvIropadiSTa evaM digambaramata-sammata hai| AcArAMga ke vRttikAra AcArya zIlAMka (9-10vIM zatI I0) ne acelatva ko jinakalpika sAdhu kA AcAra batalAyA hai, jisakA udAharaNa 'acela' zabda kI vyAkhyA meM milatA hai| ve 'acela' zabda kI vyAkhyA sthavirakalpika aura jinakalpika sAdhuoM ke abhiprAya se karate haiN| sthavirakalpika sAdhu ke abhiprAya se 'acela' zabda ke 'naJ' avyaya ko alpArtha meM grahaNa kara acela zabda kA artha 'alpacela' karate haiM aura jinakalpika ke abhiprAya se ukta avyaya ko niSedhArtha meM lekara 'vastrarahita' artha pratipAdita karate haiN| yathA "alpArthe naJ , yathA'yaM pumAnajJaH, svalpajJAna ityrthH| yaH sAdhu sya celaM vastramastItyacelaH, alpacela ityrthH| --- yadi vA jinakalpikAbhiprAyeNaivaitatsUtraM vyAkhyeyaM, tadyathA-'je acele' ityAdi, nAsya celaM vstrmstiitycelH|" (zIlAMkAcAryavRtti/AcArAMga /1/6/3/182) / AcArya zIlAMka kA acelatva (nagnatva) ko jinakalpika sAdhuoM kA AcAra batalAnA arthAt acelatva ko jinakalpa nAma denA AcArAMga ke abhiprAya ke viruddha hai, kyoMki AcArAMga meM kahIM bhI zramaNAcAra ke jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpika bheda nahIM milte| na hI usameM kisI ko vastralabdhisahita yA vastralabdhirahita kahA gayA hai, na hI yaha kahA gayA hai ki acelatva ke AcaraNa meM vahI samartha hotA hai, jo vajravRSabhanArAca-saMhananadhArI ho| jaisA vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananadhArI nahIM hotA, vaha lajjA, jugupsA (lokanindAbhaya) aura parISahoM ko jItane meM sadA asamartha hotA hai, ataH use vastra avazya dhAraNa karanA cAhie (dekhiye, pAdaTippaNI 84), vaisA AcArAMga meM nahIM kahA gayA hai| usameM to yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo sAdhu parISaha-sahana kara sakatA hai, kintu lajjA ke kAraNa vastra tyAgane meM asamartha hai, use kaTivastra dhAraNa karanA ucita hai, kintu jo lajjA, jagapsA tathA parISahoM ko sahana kara sakatA hai, use acela hI rahanA caahie| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3/prakaraNa 1/ zIrSaka 6,7) / tAtparya yaha ki AcArAMga meM eka hI sAdhu ko zItAdiparISahajaya meM samartha, kintu lajjAjaya meM asamartha tathA usI ko kabhI zItAdiparISaha tathA lajjA donoM ko jItane meM samartha batalAyA gayA hai, isase siddha hai ki yaha kathana vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananadhAriyoM ke viSaya meM nahIM hai, apitu hInasaMhananadhAriyoM ke viSaya meM hai, kyoMki prathamasaMhananadhArI to lajjA, jugupsA aura parISaha tInoM ko jItane meM niyama se samartha For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 3 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 101 hote haiM / abhiprAya yaha ki AcArAMga meM acelatva kA upadeza na jinakalpika sAdhuoM ke lie hai, na sthavirakalpikoM ke lie, apitu vaha uttamasaMhananadhAriyoM ke lie bhI hai aura hInasaMhananadhAriyoM ke lie bhI / ataH siddha hai ki AcArya zIlAMka ne acelatva ko jo jinakalpa saMjJA dI hai, vaha AcArAMgokta nahIM hai, apitu svakalpita hai| inhIM tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue aneka vidvAnoM ne acelatva aura sacelatva ke AdhAra para kiye gaye jinakalpa aura sthavirakalparUpa bhedoM ko kalpita mAnA hai / paNDita kailAzacandra jI siddhAntazAstrI hariSeNakRta bhadrabAhukathA kA ullekha karate hue likhate haiM " ukta kathA meM eka ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki usameM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa ke bheda ko pIche se kalpita batalAyA hai 69 aura zvetAmbarIya Agamika sAhitya ke avalokana se bhI usakA samarthana hotA hai / AcArAMgasUtra meM to ye donoM bheda haiM hI nahIM, anya bhI prAcIna AgamoM meM nahIM haiN| hA~, 'kalpasUtraniryukti' meM haiM aura isalie use usI samaya kI upaja kahA jA sakatA hai|" (jai.sA. i./ pU.pI. / pR. 387) / prasiddha zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 becaradAsa jI ne AcArAMgAdi meM ukta kalpadvaya kA ullekhAbhAva batalAte hue likhA hai - " vIranirvANa ke bAda kA yaha samaya deza kI prajA ke liye bar3A hI bhISaNa thA / magadha deza meM, jahA~ vardhamAna kA sAmrAjya thA, durbhikSa ke bAdala chA gaye / vIranirvANa ko abhI pUre do sau varSa bhI na bItane pAye the ki deza meM bhayaMkara durbhikSa zurU ho gyaa| bar3I kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karake deza yathA-tathA usa durbhikSa ko pAra kara kucha ThIka sthiti meM A rahA thA ki itane hI meM vIra nirvANa kI pA~cavIM chaThI zatAbdI meM punaH bArahavarSIya akAla - rAkSasa ne magadha ko apane vikarAla gAla meM dabA liyaa| yaha bar3A bhayaMkara akAla thA, isameM tyAgiyoM kA tapa bhI DolAyamAna ho gayA thA, AcAroM meM mahAn parivartana ho gayA thA aura anna ke abhAva se dina-pratidina smaraNa zakti naSTa hone lagI thii| isase paramparAgata jo kaMThastha vidyA calI A rahI thI, vaha vismRta hone lagI thii| itanA hI nahIM, kintu usakA vizeSa hissA vismRta ho bhI cukA thaa| zeSa bace hue zruta ko kisI taraha kAyama rakhane kI bhAvanA se durbhikSa ke anta meM mathurA meM Arya zrIskaMdilAcArya ne vidyamAna samasta zrutadharoM ko ekatrita kiyaa| unameM jo matAgrahI, sukhazIla aura narama dala ke muni the, ve bhI Aye / parantu isI meM matabheda par3A aura vaha yaha ki muniyoM 69. iSTaM na yairgurorvAkyaM saMsArArNavatArakam / jina - sthavirakalpaM ca vidhAya dvividhaM bhuvi // 67 // bhadrabAhukathAnaka / bRhatkathAkoza / For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra03 ke AcAra ke liye kyA likhanA cAhie? kyA nagnatA kA hI vidhAna kiyA jAya yA vastrapAtratA kA? eka pakSa kahatA thA ki nagnatA kA hI vidhAna honA cAhiye, dUsarA pakSa vastrapAtratA ke vidhAna kI bAta para jora de rahA thaa| isa prakAra kI pArasparika takarAra hone para bhI dIrghadarzI skaMdilAcArya ne aura unake bAda ke uddhAraka devarddhigaNI zramAzramaNa jI ne sUtroM meM kahIM para bhI kevala nagnatA yA mAtra vastrapAtratA kA hI ullekha nahIM kiyA, parantu donoM bAtoM kA saMghaTita nyAya kiyA hai| mAthurIvAcanA ke mUlanAyaka puruSa aura valabhIvAcanA ke nAyaka puruSa, ina donoM mahAtmAoM kA maiM hRdayapUrvaka koTizaH abhinandana karatA hU~ ki inhoMne usa-usa samaya ke kisI taraha ke vAtAvaraNa meM na Akara AcArapradhAna AcArAMgasUtra meM muniyoM ke AcAroM kI saMkalanA karate hue mAtra sAdhAraNatayA hI bhikSu aura bhikSaNI ke AcAra batalAye haiN| usameM kahIM para bhI jinakalpa yA sthavirakalpa evaM zvetAmbara yA digambara kA nAma taka bhI nahIM Ane diyaa|" (jainasAhitya meM vikAra/ pR.44)| paM0 becaradAsa jI ke antima vAkyoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki AcArAMgasUtra meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke AcAroM kI antima saMkalanA I0 san 454-466 meM zrI devarddhigaNikSamAzramaNa ne valabhI meM kI thii| usameM sthavirakalpa aura jinakalpa kA bheda nahIM hai| isase siddha hai ki zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM ukta do kalpoM kI kalpanA sarvaprathama chaThI zatI I0 meM 'kalpasUtraniyukti' meM kI gayI hai| (jai.sA.i./ pU.pI./ pR.387 tathA zra. bha.ma./ pR.285)| aura jinakalpa ke viccheda kI kalpanA vizeSAvazyakabhASyakAra (7vIM zatI I0) ne kI hai| 3.9. jinakalpa-nAmakaraNa ke prayojana __ aba isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna Avazyaka hai ki kalpita vastralabdhi se yukta arthAt alaukika vastra se AcchAdita sAdhu acela (nagna) nahIM hotA, kintu laukika vastra dhAraNa na karane ke kAraNa use acela kahA gayA hai aura usake isa avAstavika acelatva ko jinakalpa saMjJA dI gayI hai, isakA kyA prayojana thA? tathA boTika zivabhUti dvArA samarthita aura dhAraNa kiyA gayA digambaraveza vAstavika acelatva hai, kintu caturthakAla meM saMbhava honevAle tapavizeSa ke abhAva meM vaha jinakalpa nahIM kahalA sakatA, phira bhI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne use jinakalpa nAma diyA hai, isakA bhI kyA prayojana thA? isake pIche nimnalikhita prayojana the 1. zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne nagnatA ke dRSTigocara hone ko lokAnuvRtti (lajjArUpa lokadharma) ke viruddha evaM striyoM meM kAmodaya kA hetu mAnA hai, isalie unhoMne yaha For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra03 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 103 kalpanA kI hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kA bhI nagna zarIra zubhaprabhAmaNDala se AcchAdita rahatA hai tathA jinakalpika sAdhuoM kI nagnatA vastralabdhi se prApta alaukikavastra se DhaMka jAtI hai| vastralabdhi ke dvArA nagnatva kA AcchAdana ho jAne se laukikavastra-paridhAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| ataH mAtra laukika vastra dhAraNa na karane kI apekSA vastralabdhimAn sAdhu ko acela kahA gayA hai| isa taraha lokAnuvRtti Adi kI zvetAmbaramAnyatAoM ko akSuNNa rakhate hue zvetAmbara-paramparA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa aceladharma kI svIkRti dyotita karanA vastralabdhimaya jinakalpa kI kalpanA kA arthAt avAstavika acelatva ko 'jinakalpa' saMjJA dene kA prayojana thaa| 2. digambaramata meM jinakalpa eka aisI utkRSTacaryA kA nAma hai, jo vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhanana hone para hI saMbhava hai, kintu acelatva ke AcAraNa ke lie ukta saMhanana anivArya nahIM hai, acelatva to digambaramatokta hInasaMhananadhArI sthavirakalpika sAdhuoM kA bhI anivArya dharma hai| zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne jinakalpa ke sAtha prathamasaMhanana kI anivAryatA ko dekhakara acelatva ko jinakalpa nAma de diyA, jisase ki acelatva ke sAtha prathamasaMhanana kI aparihAryatA siddha ho aura paMcamakAla meM usakA AcaraNa asaMbhava sAbita ho jaay| 3. paMcamakAla meM acelatva kA AcaraNa asaMbhava siddha ho jAne se yaha svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki digambaraparamparA dvArA Acarita acelakadharma tIrthaMkaropadiSTa nahIM hai, ataH tIrthaMkara ke upadeza ke viruddha hone se digambaramata nihnavamata (svakalpita mithyAmata) hai| isa prakAra digambaramata ko nihnavamata siddha karanA acelatva ko jinakalpa nAma dene kA mahattvapUrNa prayojana thaa| 4. digambaramata ke nihnavamata siddha ho jAne se yaha bhI apane-Apa sAbita ho jAtA hai ki ekamAtra saceladharma kA anuyAyI zvetAmbaramata hI tIrthaMkarapraNIta hai| use hI bhagavAn ne paMcamakAla meM bhI AcaraNIya batalAyA hai| acelatva ko jinakalpa nAma dekara zvetAmbarAcArya antataH yahI siddha karanA cAhate the| 70. "jinendrANAM guhyapradezo vastreNeva zubhaprabhAmaNDalenAcchAdito na carmacakSuSAM dRggocriibhvti| --- anyeSAM ca stryAdInAM tadrUpadarzanAnantaraM mohodayahetutvAbhAvaH ---" pravacanaparIkSA/vRti/ 1/2/31/ pR. 92 / 71. "evaM vastrAnAvRtA api ye nagnA na dRzyante te vastraviSayakalabdhimantaH vastrajanyakAryaviSaya kalabdhibhAja ityrthH| teSAM vastrakAryasya labdhyaiva kRtatvAd vastrAbhAva:---tatrApi shiitaadishnsaamrthympekssnniiym|" vahI / 1/2/31/pR.93-94| For Personal & Private Use Only

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104 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra03 3.10. jinakalpa-nAmakaraNa ke prayojana hI viccheda-ghoSaNA ke prayojana acelatva ko prathamasaMhanana se jur3A jinakalpa nAma de dene se hI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda usakA vyuccheda siddha ho jAtA hai, kyoMki paMcamakAla meM uttamasaMhananadhArI manuSya utpanna nahIM hote| ataH acelatva ko jinakalpa nAma dene ke jo prayojana Upara varNita kiye gaye haiM, ve hI jinakalpa-viccheda kI ghoSaNA ke prayojana the| svayaM zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne unheM svIkAra kiyA hai| suprasiddha zvetAmbaramuni zrI nagarAja jI DI0 liT0 likhate haiM "zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM jinakalpa tathA sthavirakalpa ke rUpa meM nagna aura savastra, donoM muni AcAra-vidhiyoM kA nirUpaNa hai| phalataH isase zvetAmbara-zramaNaAcAra ke sAtha-sAtha digambara-zramaNa-AcAra ko bhI puSTi milatI hai| digambara, jinazAstroM ko aprAmANika kaheM, unhIM zAstroM se digambara-AcAra kA samarthana ho, yaha zvetAmbaroM ko kaba svIkAra hotA? yaha asambhAvya nahIM jAna par3atA ki kahIM isI pratikriyA ke phalasvarUpa to zvetAmbaroM ne Arya jambU ke pazcAt jinakalpa kA viccheda ghoSita na kara diyA ho, jisase usakA zAstrIya samarthana asAmayika evaM anupAdeya bana jaaye| anveSaka aura samIkSaka vidvAn jAnate haiM ki dharma-sampradAya ke itihAsa meM aisI ghaTanAe~ aghaTanIya nahIM hotiiN|" (Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana / khaNDa 2/ pR. 558) / paNDita becaradAsajI ne jinakalpa-viccheda kI ghoSaNA ke rahasya para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai-"isase yaha bAta spaSTa mAlUma ho jAtI hai ki jambUsvAmI ke bAda jinakalpa kA lopa huA batalAkara aba se jinakalpa kI AcaraNA ko banda karanA aura usa prakAra AcaraNa karanevAloM kA utsAha yA vairAgya bhaMga karanA, isake sivA isa ullekha meM anya koI uddezya mujhe mAlUma nahIM detaa|---jmbuusvaamii ke nirvANa ke bAda jo jinakalpaviccheda hone kA vajralepa kiyA gayA hai aura usakI AcaraNA karanevAle ko jinAjJA ke bAhara samajhane kI jo svArthI evaM ekataraphI daMbhI dhamakI kA DhiMDhorA pITA gayA hai, basa isI meM zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA ke viSavRkSa kI jar3a samAI huI hai| tathA isake bIjAropaNa kA samaya bhI vahI hai jo jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa kA samaya hai|" (jaina sAhitya meM vikaar/pR.42)| --- isa viSaya ko digambaroM kI paTTAvalI bhI puSTa karatI hai| zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM kI paTTAvalI meM zrI vardhamAna, sudharmA tathA jambUsvAmI taka ke nAma samAna rIti se aura eka hI krama se ullikhita pAye jAte haiM, parantu usake bAda ke AnevAle nAmoM meM sarvathA bhinnatA pratIta hotI hai aura vaha bhI itanA vizeSa bhinnatva hai ki jambUsvAmI ke bAda unameM se eka bhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02 / pra0 3 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 105 nAma pUre taura para nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra jambUsvAmI ke bAda hI ye paTTAvaliyA~ judIjudI ginI jAne lgiiN| yadi isakA koI kAraNa ho, to vaha ekamAtra yahI hai ki jisa samaya se sarvathA jude-jude paTTadharoM ke nAmoM kI yojanA prArambha huI, usa samaya jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda, vardhamAna ke sAdhuoM meM bheda par3a cukA thaa| vaha par3A huA bheda dhIre-dhIre dveSa va virodha ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA rahA / usa samaya jo svayaM mumukSu puruSa the, ve to yathAzakya ucca tyAgAcaraNa sevana karate the, aura jo pahale se hI sukhazIlatA ke gulAma bana cuke the, ve kucha maryAdita chUTa rakhakara parAkASThA ke tyAga kI bhAvanA rakhate the / arthAt jambUsvAmI ke bAda bhI una mumukSuoM meM se kaI eka to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kaThina tyAgamArga kA hI anusaraNa karate the aura kaI eka jinhoMne parimita chUTa lI thI, ve kadAcit athavA nirantara ekAdha kaTivastra rakhate hoMge, pAtra bhI rakhate hoMge tathA nirantara nirjana vanoM meM na rahakara kabhI bastiyoM meM bhI rahate hoNge| --- unameM se eka pakSa vastrapAtravAda meM hI mukti kI prApti dekhatA thA aura dUsarA pakSa mAtra nagnatA meM hI mokSa mAnatA thA / " ( jaina sAhitya meM vikAra/pR.43) acela - jinakalpa ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA ko eka chala nirUpita karate hue paM0 becaradAsa jI likhate haiM "vizeSAvazyaka ke isa ( jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda dasa cIjoM ke vyucchinna hone ke) ullekha ko bhASyakAra zrI jinabhadrasUri ne jinavacana arthAt tIrthaMkara kA vacana batalAyA hai aura TIkAkAra zrI maladhArI hemacandra ne bhI makkhI para makkhI mArane ke samAna usI bAta ko dRr3ha kiyA hai / balihArI hai zraddhAndhatA kI / gAthA meM likhA hai ki jambU ke samaya ye dasa bAteM vicchinna ho giiN| isa prakAra kA ullekha to vahI kara sakatA hai, jo jambUsvAmI ke bAda huA ho / yaha bAta maiM vicAraka pAThakoM se pUchatA hU~ ki jambUsvAmI ke bAda kauna-sA 25vA~ tIrthaMkara huA hai, jisakA vacanarUpa yaha ullekha mAnA jAya? yaha eka hI nahIM, kintu aise saMkhyAbaddha ullekha hamAre kulaguruoM ne pavitra tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma para car3hA diye haiM, jisase hama vivekapUrvaka kucha bhI nahIM vicAra skte| kyA yaha kucha kama tamastaraNa hai?" (jaina sAhitya meM vikAra / pR.42 / pA.Ti.) / yahA~ paM0 becaradAsa jI ne jambasvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda dasa vastuoM ke viccheda kA kathana karanevAlI 'maNa - paramohi-pulAe' ityAdi gAthA ko 'vizeSAvazyaka' kA batalAyA hai / kintu yaha vizeSAvazyakabhASyakAra dvArA racita hai, yaha isI prakaraNa ke zIrSaka 3.5 meM spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra03 ___zvetAmbara santoM aura vidvAnoM ke ye vacana bhI isa bAta kI puSTi karate haiM ki acelatva kA jinakalpa-nAmakaraNa evaM usake viccheda kI ghoSaNA uparyukta prayojanoM kI siddhi ke lie abhiprAyapUrvaka kI gayI hai, ye jinokta nahIM haiN| 3.11. acelatva ke AcaraNa kA viccheda nahIM, parityAga zrI jinabhadragaNI dvArA jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt jinakalpa ke nAma se acelakadharma ke vyucchinna ho jAne kI jo ghoSaNA kI gayI hai, usase do bAteM prakaTa hotI haiN| eka to yaha ki jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pUrva acelakadharma pravartamAna thaa| dUsarI yaha ki unake nirvANa ke bAda AvirbhUta hue zvetAmbarasampradAya meM usakA AcaraNa nahIM hotA thaa| kintu jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda racita vaidika-paramparA ke sAhitya, bauddhasAhitya evaM saMskRtasAhitya meM nirgranthoM (digambarajaina muniyoM) ko 'nagna' 'ahrIka' (lajjAhIna) Adi zabdoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, Age caturtha adhyaay)| digambara-paTTAvaliyoM meM jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke anantara aneka zrutakevaliyoM, dazapUrvadhAriyoM Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| tatpazcAt aneka digambarajainAcAryoM dvArA racita kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra, tiloyapaNNattI, sarvArthasiddhi Adi grantha upalabdha hote haiN| zilAlekhoM meM bhI bahusaMkhyaka digambarajaina AcAryoM aura muniyoM ke nAma utkIrNa haiN| Aja bhI bahuta-se digambara jaina muniyoM kA astitva pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki acelakadharma ke AcaraNa kA viccheda nahIM huA thA, apitu zvetAmbarasampradAya ke saMsthApaka muniyoM ne kaSTakara hone se usakA parityAga kara sukhakara saceladharma kA pracalana kiyA thaa| acelakadharma kI pravRtti to digambarajainaparamparA meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| niSkarSa niSkarSa yaha ki zrIjinabhadragaNi-varNita jinakalpa prathama to acela thA hI nahIM, dUsare, jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda use vyucchinna mAna liyA gayA, tIsare, acelatva kA jinakalpa nAma kapolakalpita hai, cauthe, AcArAMgokta acelatva zvetAmbaraparamparA meM kabhI vyavahRta nahIM huA aura pA~caveM, Arya mahAgiri ne jisa acelaka dharma ko aMgIkAra kiyA thA, vaha digambaramunidharma thaa| ina pA~ca pramANoM se siddha hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti (paMcama zatAbdI I0) ke pUrva bhArata ke kisI bhI kone meM aisI koI bhI jainaparamparA vidyamAna nahIM thI, jisameM sacelamunidharma ke sAtha vaikalpika acelamunidharma pracalita thaa| ataH DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA yaha kathana sarvathA kapolakalpita hai ki uttarabhArata meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se hI sacelAcela nirgrantha-paramparA vidyamAna thii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra03 ___ kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 107 kapolakalpita hone ke aitihAsika pramANa aitihAsika pramANoM se bhI uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA kA astitva mithyA siddhA hotA hai| yathA 1. jaise pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke devagiri evaM halsI ke abhilekhoM meM zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha, nirgrantha-mahAzramaNasaMgha, yApanIyasaMgha evaM kUrcakasaMgha kA ullekha hai, vaise pA~cavIM zatI I0 yA usase pUrva ke kisI bhI abhilekha meM uttarabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha yA uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha kA ullekha nahIM hai| na hI kisI sampradAya ke sAhitya meM usakI carcA hai| ataH usakA astitva itihAsa se pramANita nahIM hai, arthAt vaha kapolakalpita hai| 2. uparyukta abhilekhoM meM nirgrantha zabda zvetAmbaroM, yApanIyoM aura kUrcakoM ke pratipakSI digambaroM ke lie prayukta hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki paramparA se digambarajaina muni hI loka meM nirgrantha zabda se abhihita hote the| isalie digambarajaina muniyoM se bhinna sacelAcela-sampradAya ke muniyoM ke lie 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga ho hI nahIM sakatA thA, kyoMki aisA karane se una muniyoM kI pRthak sampradAya ke rUpa meM pahacAna asaMbhava ho jaatii| isase siddha hai ki 'uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha' nAma kA saMgha kapolakalpita hai| 3. IsA kI pA~cavI zatI ke pUrva bhI samrATa azoka ke dillI (ToparA) ke sAtaveM stambhalekha (I0 pU0 242) meM nirgranthoM (nigaMThesu) arthAt digambarajaina muniyoM kA ullekha huA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 2/pra.6 / shii.2)| tathA IsApUrva chaThI zatI ke buddhavacana-saMgraharUpa tripiTaka-sAhityagata aMguttaranikAya nAmaka-grantha meM aura prathama zatAbdI I0 ke bauddhagrantha divyAvadAna meM nirgrantha zabda se digambarajaina sAdhuoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/pra.2 / zI.1.1 evaM 14) / isI prakAra azoka-kAlIna athavA IsApUrva prathama zatI ke bauddha grantha apadAna meM setavattha (zvetavastra-zvetapaTa) nAma se zvetAmbara sAdhuoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/pra.2 / shii.1.2)| ina pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki digambara aura zvetAmbara saMghoM kA udaya IsApUrvakAla meM hI ho cukA thA, ataH pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 meM uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM ke janma kI mAnyatA kapolakalpita hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara-yApanIya-saMghotpattirUpa kArya ke abhAva se usake kAraNarUpa uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha kA abhAva siddha hotA hai| 4. DaoNkTara sA0 kI kalpanAnusAra ukta saMgha meM sacela aura acela donoM liMgoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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108 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra03 meM se sAdhaka ko apanI zakti ke anusAra kisI bhI liMga ko svIkAra karane kI svataMtratA thii| koI bhI muni zakti yA icchA ke abhAva meM acelaliMga grahaNa karane ke lie bAdhya nahIM thaa| ataH kisI ko bhI sacelaliMga kA Agrahakara saMgha se alaga hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| aura yApanIyoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra usameM donoM liMgoM kA vidhAna thA hI, ataH unheM bhI alaga sampradAya banAne kI jarUrata nahIM thii| isa taraha vibhAjana kI kAraNasAmagrI kA sadbhAva hI ukta saMgha meM nahIM thaa| phalasvarUpa usakA vibhAjana aura usase zvetAmbara-yApanIya sampradAyoM kI utpatti mAnanA ayuktisaMgata hai| jaba ukta saMgha kA vibhAjana hI asaMbhava thA, taba vaha kahA~ calA gayA? vartamAna meM dikhAyI kyoM nahIM detA? spaSTa hai ki usakA astitva hI nahIM thA, vaha kapolakalpita hai| 5. jaba bhI kisI pUrva saMgha se nayA saMgha janma letA hai, taba naye saMgha kA hI nayA nAmakaraNa hotA hai, pUrva saMgha kA nahIM, kyoMki usake siddhAnta pUrvavat hI rahate haiM, ataH usakA nAma bhI yathAvat rahatA hai| isI kAraNa usakI maulikatA aura prAcInatA kAyama rahatI hai| jaise bhArata se pAkistAna alaga huA, to pAkistAna kA hI 'pAkistAna' yaha nayA nAma rakhA gayA, bhArata kA 'bhArata' nAma jyoM kA tyoM rahA AyA, jaise nirgranthasaMgha (vartamAna nAma 'digambarajainasaMgha') se zvetAmbarasaMgha kA udbhava huA, to zvetAmbarasaMgha kA hI 'zvetAmbarasaMgha' yaha nayA nAmakaraNa huA, nirgranthasaMgha 'nirgranthasaMgha' ke hI nAma se zvetAmbarasaMgha ke sAtha vidyamAna rahA aura hai, athavA jaise mUrtipUjaka-zvetAmbarasaMgha se sthAnakavAsI-zvetAmbarasaMgha kA janma huA, to mUrtipUjakazvetAmbarasaMgha isI nAma se navodita sthAnakavAsI zvetAmbarasaMgha ke sAtha vartamAna meM bhI jIvita hai| ataH uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha se yadi zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI utpatti huI hotI, to uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha isI nAma se unake sAtha vidyamAna rhtaa| kintu unake sAtha isa saMgha kA kisI bhI abhilekha yA grantha meM nAmonizA~ nahIM miltaa| isase siddha hai isakA astitva hI nahIM thaa| 6. jisa kAla (pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke prAraMbha) meM uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha kA vighaTana mAnA gayA hai, ThIka usI kAla meM bilakula usI sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke lakSaNoMvAle yApanIyasaMgha kA udaya huA thaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki uttarabhAratIyasacelAcela-nigranthasaMgha thA hI nahIM, kyoMki yadi hotA, to usI ke lakSaNoMvAle yApanIyasaMgha ke udaya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| isa prakAra zAstrIya aura aitihAsika, ina dvividha pramANoM se yaha bhalIbhA~ti siddha ho jAtA hai ki uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha kA astitva eka vAstavikatA nahIM thI, vaha DaoN0 sAgaramala jI dvArA kapolakalpita hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 3 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 109 5 DaoNkTara sA0 ke mata meM parivartana mahAvIra ke nirgranthasaMgha kA sarvathA acela honA mAnya acela nirgranthasaMgha se sacela zvetAmbarasaMgha kA udbhava mAnya zvetAmbarasaMgha se yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti svIkArya uparyukta tathyoM para dhyAna jAne ke kAraNa hI 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' grantha ke prakAzana (san 1996 I0) ke AMTha varSoM bAda DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ko uttarabhArata meM sacelAcela-nirgranthaparamparA ke astitva kI svamAnyatA kA parityAga kara yaha svIkAra karanA par3A hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA nirgranthasaMgha sarvathA acela thA / san 2004 I0 meM prakAzita apane naye laghugrantha jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA meM ve likhate haiM " tamilanADu meM lagabhaga I0 pU0 prathama - dvitIya zatI se brAhmIlipi meM aneka jaina abhilekha milate haiM, jo isa tathya ke sAkSI haiM ki nirgranthasaMgha mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga do-tIna sau varSa pazcAt hI tamila pradeza meM pahu~ca cukA thaa| --- Aja bhI tamila jainoM kI vipula saMkhyA hai aura ve bhArata meM jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM kI prAcInatama paramparA ke pratinidhi haiN| ye nayanAra evaM paMcamavarNI ke rUpa meM jAne jAte haiN|'' (pR. 25-26) / " dakSiNa meM gayA nirgranthasaMgha apane sAtha vipula prAkRta jainasAhitya to nahIM le jA sakA, kyoMki usa kAla taka jainasAhitya ke aneka granthoM kI racanA hI nahIM ho pAyI thii| vaha apane sAtha zrutaparamparA se kucha dArzanika vicAroM evaM mahAvIra ke kaThora AcAramArga ko hI lekara calA thA, jise usane bahuta kAla taka surakSita rkhaa| Aja kI digambaraparamparA kA pUrvaja yahI dakSiNI acela nirgranthasaMgha hai|" (pR.26)| "dakSiNa kI jalavAyu uttara kI apekSA garma thI, ataH acelatA ke paripAlana meM dakSiNa meM gaye nirgranthasaMgha ko koI kaThinAI nahIM huI, jaba ki uttara ke nirgranthasaMgha meM kucha pAvapatyoM ke prabhAva se aura kucha atizItala jalavAyu ke kAraNa yaha acelatA akSuNNa nahIM raha sakI aura eka vastra rakhA jAne lagA / " (pR.26) / "yaha mAnyatA samucita hI hai ki bhadrabAhu kI paramparA se hI Age calakara dakSiNa kI acelaka-nirgrantha-paramparA kA vikAsa huaa|" (pR. 28) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 3 "dakSiNa kA acela -nirgranthasaMgha bhadrabAhu kI paramparA se aura uttara kA sacela-nirgrantha-saMgha sthUlabhadra kI paramparA se vikasita huA / " (pR.28-29)| " IsA kI dvitIya zatI meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke chaha sau nau varSa pazcAt uttamabhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha meM vibhAjana kI eka anya ghaTanA ghaTita huI, phalataH uttarabhArata kA nirgrantha-saMgha sacela evaM acela aise do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gayA / pAzrvapatyoM (bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyiyoM) ke prabhAva se ApavAdikarUpa meM evaM zItAdi ke nivAraNArtha gRhIta hue vastra, pAtra Adi jaba muni kI aparihArya upadhi banane lage, to parigraha kI isa bar3hatI huI pravRtti ko rokane ke prazna para AryakRSNa aura Arya zivabhUti meM matabheda ho gyaa| AryakRSNa jinakalpa kA uccheda batAkara gRhIta vastrapAtra ko municaryA kA aparihArya aMga mAnane lage, jaba ki Arya zivabhUti ne inake tyAga aura jinakalpa ke AcaraNa para bala diyaa| Arya zivabhUti kI uttarabhArata kI isa acelaparamparA ko zvetAmbaroM ne boTika ( bhraSTa ) kahA, kintu Age calakara yaha paramparA yApanIya ke nAma se prasiddha huii|" (pR.29-30)| --- isa vaktavya meM DaoNkTara sA0 ne mAnA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirgranthasaMgha acela thaa| usa saMgha kA eka zramaNasamudAya dharmapracArArtha dakSiNa bhArata calA gayA, jo Age calakara digambarasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huA tathA uttarabhArata meM sthita rahe zramaNasamamudAya ne zItala jalavAyu kI dussahatA ke kAraNa eka vastra dhAraNa karanA zurU kara diyA / phira dhIre-dhIre usake vastrapAtrAdi- parigraha meM vRddhi ho gayI, jisake phalasvarUpa IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI meM usase acelatA-samarthaka yApanIyasampradAya utpanna huaa| isase spaSTa hai ki DaoNkTara sA0 ne apanI isa pUrva mAnyatA kA parityAga kara diyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirgranthasaMgha sacelAcela thA aura usase sacelatA ke samarthaka zvetAmbarasampradAya kA evaM acelatA ke samarthaka yApanIyasampradAya kA udbhava huA thA tathA digambarasampradAya kI sthApanA vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM dakSiNabhArata meM AcArya kundakunda ne kI thii| DaoNkTara sA0 ne spaSTa zabdoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke acela nirgranthasaMgha se eka vastra svIkAra kara lenevAle sacela-nirgranthasaMgha kA janma huaa| yaha sacela-nirgranthasaMgha zvetAmbarasaMgha hI thA, kyoMki yaha acelatva ko asvIkAra kara ekamAtra sacelaliMga se mokSa kI prApti mAnane lagA thaa| tathA isa sacela-nirgranthasaMgha arthAt zvetAmbarasaMgha ke vibhAjana se yApanIyasaMgha kA udbhava huA aura digambarasaMgha usa acela - nirgranthasaMgha kA uttarAdhikArI yA nAmAntara hai, jo mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke do-tIna sau varSa bAda hI tamilapradeza meM pahu~ca gayA thA / isa prakAra DaoNkTara sA0 ne sacela zvetAmbarasaMgha se acela digambarasaMgha kI prAcInatA bhI svIkAra kI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 3 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 111 yahA~ eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne 1996 I0 meM likhita apane 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' grantha meM pahale boTikamata ke nAma se yApanIyamata kI utpatti vIranirvANa saM0 609 ( DaoNkTara sA0 ke anusAra I0 san 142 ) meM mAnI thI / (dekhiye, isI adhyAya kI pA. Ti. 61 ) / kintu, bAda meM isa mata ko nirastakara usakI utpatti IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM mAna lI / (dekhiye, isI adhyAya kA pra. 3/shii.1)| aba ATha varSoM bAda I0 san 2004 meM likhe gaye apane naye grantha jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA meM punaH vIranirvANa saM0 609 ( I0 san 82, DaoNkTara sA0 ke anusAra I0 san 142 ) meM boTikamata ke nAma se yApanIyamata kA udaya mAna liyA hai| yaha unakI anizcayAtmaka manodazA kA anyatama udAharaNa hai| " kintu yaha pUrva meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki boTikamata yApanIyamata nahIM thA, apitu digambaramata ko boTikamata kahA gayA hai, ataH yApanIyamata kI utpatti vIranirvANa saM0 609 ( I0 san 82) meM mAnanA aprAmANika hai| DaoNkTara sA0 ne bhI pramANa ke abhAva meM hI isa mata ko nirasta kiyA thA aura 'pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke pUrva kisI bhI abhilekha yA grantha meM yApanIya - sampradAya kA ullekha nahIM milatA' isa baliSTha aitihAsika pramANa ke AdhAra para unhoMne yApanIyasampradAya kI utpatti IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM svIkAra kI thii| yahI mata pramANasiddha hone se samIcIna hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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___caturtha prakaraNa sacelAcela-saMgha se zvetAmbara-yApanIyoM ke udbhava kI mAnyatA kapolakalpita apane pUrva grantha 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne uttarabhArata meM bhagavAn-mahAvIra-praNIta sacelAcela-nirgrantha-saMgha ke astitva kI kalpanA kara, eka dUsarI kalpanA yaha kI hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kA udbhava isI saMgha se huA thaa| yaha sacelAcela-saMgha ina donoM sampradAyoM kA parvaja thaa| DaoNkTara sA0 likhate haiM-"yApanIyoM kI utpatti zvetAmbara-paramparA se na hokara usa mUladhArA se huI hai, jo zvetAmbaroM kI bhI pUrvaja thI, jisase kAlakrama se vartamAna zvetAmbaradhArA kA vikAsa huA hai| vastutaH mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM jaba vastrapAtra Adi meM vRddhi hone lagI aura acelatva kI pratiSThA kSINa hone lagI, taba usase acelatA ke pakSadhara yApanIya aura sacelatA ke pakSadhara zvetAmbara aisI do dhArAyeM nikliiN|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.23-24)| isa prakAra DaoNkTara sA0 ke abhiprAyAnusAra uttarabhArata kI sacelAcela mUla nirgranthaparamparA, jise unhoMne anyatra avibhakta paramparA nAma bhI diyA hai, zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI pUrvajaparamparA arthAt mAtRparamparA thii| isa kalpanA ke dvArA unhoMne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki uttarabhArata meM jo mUla nirgranthasaMgha kA vibhAjana huA thA, usase digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kA janma nahIM huA thA, apitu zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kI utpatti huI thii| unakA kathana hai ki digambarasampradAya kI sthApanA to svatantrarUpa se dakSiNabhArata meM vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA kI gaI thii| ataH yaha sampradAya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA kA uttarAdhikArI nahIM hai| unakI paramparA ke uttarAdhikArI to kevala zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAya haiN| 1 ukta kapolakalpanA kA mahattvapUrNa prayojana mAnya vidvAn ne uttarabhArata meM sacelAcelaparamparA ke astitva kI kalpanA kara tathA usase zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM ke udaya kI kathA gar3hakara eka anya kathA yaha gar3hI hai ki ukta sacelAcela-mUla-paramparA ke jo Agama, siddhAnta, gAthAe~ Adi thIM, ve zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ko samAnarUpa se uttarAdhikAra meM milI haiN| isa dUsarI kalpanA ke dvArA unhoMne isa tIsarI kalpanA ko tarkasaMgata banAne kI koziza kI hai, ki yataH SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi granthoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra04 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 113 meM vaisI hI aneka gAthAe~ milatI haiM, jaisI zvetAmbara granthoM meM hai, ataH uttarabhArata kI jisa sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA se ye samAna gAthAe~ zvetAmbara granthoM meM AyI haiM, usI paramparA se ina granthoM meM AyI haiN| aura usa paramparA ke uttarAdhikArI zvetAmbaroM ke alAvA yApanIya hI the, ataH SaTkhaNDAgama Adi grantha yApanIya-paramparA ke haiN| athavA yadi ve yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti ke pUrva race gaye haiM, to uttarabhAratIya sacelAcelaparamparA ke AcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ haiN| isa prakAra uparyukta kapolakalpanAoM ke dvArA mAnya vidvAn ne SaTkhaNDAgama Adi granthoM ke digambaragrantha hone kI satyatA kA apalApa karane ke lie mahAmAyAjAla bichAyA hai| mAnya vidvAn ke nimnalikhita vacanoM se unake isa mahAmAyAjAla ke prasAra aura usake prayojanoM kA patA calatA hai 1. "yaha satya hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI uttarabhArata kI nirgranthaparamparA ke samAnarUpa se uttarAdhikArI rahe haiM aura isIlie donoM kI Agamika paramparA eka hI hai tathA yahI unake Agamika granthoM kI nikaTatA kA kAraNa hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM strImukti kA samarthana aura zvetAmbara Agamika aura niyukti sAhitya se usakI zailI aura viSaya-vastugata samAnatA yahI siddha karatI hai ki vaha yApanIya-paramparA kA grantha hai|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.104)| 2. "yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM hI isa avibhakta saMgha meM ( IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka) nirmita Agamika sAhitya ke samAnarUpa se uttarAdhikArI bne|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.65)| 3. "kasAyapAhuDa uttarabhArata kI avibhakta nirgranthaparamparA kA grantha hai, jo zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ko samAnarUpa se uttarAdhikAra meM prApta huA hai" (jai.dha. yA.sa./ pR.89)| kapolakalpitatA ke pramANa kintu yaha kalpanA-cakra nimnalikhita kAraNoM se kapolakalpita siddha ho jAtA hai 1.. uttarabhArata kI ukta sacelAcela-mUlanirgrantha-paramparA kA astitva hI nahIM thA, yaha tRtIya prakaraNa meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| ataH usase zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI utpatti kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| 2. yadi ukta paramparA kA astitva hotA bhI, to usakA zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM meM ke rUpa ekasAtha vibhAjana kadApi saMbhava nahIM thA, kyoMki usameM acela For Personal & Private Use Only

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114 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra04 aura sacela donoM liMgoM meM se kisI bhI liMga ko apanAne kA vikalpa thaa| jo acelaliMga dhAraNa karane meM asamartha the, unake lie secalaliMga dhAraNa karane kI svataMtratA thI, ve acelaliMga grahaNa karane ke lie bAdhya nahIM the| sacelaliMga ko lekara saMghavibhAjana tabhI ho sakatA thA, jaba uktasaMgha meM acelaliMga hI anivArya hotA, kintu aisA nahIM thaa| isI prakAra acelaliMga ko lekara bhI kisI ko alaga hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, kyoMki use bhI apanAne kI svataMtratA ukta sacelAcela nirgrantha sampradAya detA thaa| hA~, yadi koI sAdhuvarga saMgha se acelaliMga kA sarvathA bahiSkAra karAnA cAhatA aura usameM saphala na hotA. to vaha saMgha se alaga ho sakatA thA, aura apane ko zvetAmbarasaMgha nAma se prasiddha kara sakatA thaa| isI prakAra yadi koI sAdhusamUha saMgha se sacelaliMga kA sarvathA bahiSkAra karAne kA icchuka hotA aura usakI bAta svIkAra na kI jAtI, taba usakA bhI saMgha se pRthak honA saMbhava thA, yadyapi yaha paramparAgata digambaramata ko svIkAra karanA hotA, kisI naye sampradAya kI utpatti nhiiN| kintu koI sAdhuvarga ukta saMgha meM acela aura sacela donoM liMgoM ko vaikalpikarUpa se svIkAra karAnA cAhatA aura usameM saphala na hone para saMgha se pRthak hokara yApInayasaMgha banA letA, isakI saMbhAvanA raMcamAtra bhI nahIM thI, kyoMki saMgha meM donoM liMgoM kI vaikalpikarUpa se svIkRti pahale se hI thii| ataH donoM liMgoM ko vaikalpikarUpa se svIkAra karanevAle yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti ke yogya paristhiti kA ukta saMgha meM sarvathA abhAva thaa| ataH usakI utpatti ke yogya paristhiti ke abhAva se usake sAtha jo zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti mAnI gayI hai, usakI utpatti ke yogya paristhiti kA bhI abhAva siddha hotA hai| yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana kI ghaTanA kAlpanika hai| vibhAjana aura vighaTana na hone se ukta saMgha sacelAcela-nirganthasaMgha athavA uttarabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI meM bhI maujUda rhtaa| kintu pA~cavI zatI I0 yA usake pUrva yA pazcAt ke aMbhilekhoM yA sAhitya meM usakA nAmonizA~ bhI nahIM hai, kevala zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha, nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha, yApanIyasaMgha evaM kUrcakasaMgha ke nAma milate haiN| isase bhI siddha hai ki 'uttarabhAratIya-nirgranthasaMgha' yA 'sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha' nAma ke kisI saMgha kA bhArata meM kabhI astitva hI nahIM thA, vaha kapolakalpita hai| zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti digambara (nirgrantha) saMgha se hI ho sakatI thI, kyoMki usameM hI acelaliMga anivArya thA, jo asamartha puruSoM ke lie saMbhava nahIM thaa| aura yApanIyasaMgha kA udbhava zvetAmbarasaMgha se hI saMbhava thA, kyoMki usameM hI acelaliMga For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 4 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 115 kA vikalpa nahIM thA, jo yApanIyoM ko vaikalpikarUpa se mAnya thaa| isa prakAra uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha kA svarUpa liMga-vikalpa se paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke lie atyanta anukUla thA, usake vibhAjana yogya koI hetu usameM maujUda nahIM thaa| ataH usake zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjita hone kI mAnyatA sarvathA ayuktisaMgata hai| 3. pUrva (prakaraNa 3/zI.4) meM darzAyA gayA hai ki azoka ke IsApUrva 242 ke dillI (ToparA) ke sAtaveM stambhalekha meM tathA IsApUrva chaThI zatI ke buddhavacanasaMgraharUpa tripiTakasAhitya ke aMguttaranikAya nAmaka grantha meM aura prathama zatI I0 ke bauddhagrantha divyAvadAna meM nirgrantha zabda se digambarajaina sAdhuoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/ pra.2 / zI.1.1 evaM 14) / isI prakAra azokakAlIna athavA IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke bauddhagrantha apadAna meM setavattha (zvetavastra = zvetapaTa) nAma se zvetAmbara sAdhuoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/pr.2/shii.1.2)| ina pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki digambara aura zvetAmbara saMghoM kA udaya IsApUrvakAla meM hI ho cukA thA, ataH pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 meM uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM ke janma kI kathA kapolakalpita hai| 4. DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne yApanIyoM ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA kA sahI rUpa meM pratinidhitva karanevAlA kahA hai| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ lekhakIya / pR.V)| yadi ukta sacelAcela-paramparA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA praNIta aura yApanIyoM kI mAtRparamparA hotI, to yApanIya jina-kalpika sAdhu vastrapAtralabdhirahita zvetAmbara jinakalpikoM ke hI samAna mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa, eka, do yA tIna cAdara tathA bhikSApAtra grahaNa karate, digambara muniyoM ke samAna sarvathA acela, pANitalabhojI aura mayUrapicchadhArI na hote| 5. zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI utpatti eka hI samaya (vIra ni0 saM0 609 yA vikrama saM0 139 athavA 136) meM huI thI, isakA ullekha kisI bhI prAcIna grantha yA zilAlekha meM nahIM miltaa| AvazyakamUlabhASya meM vIra ni0 saM0 609 arthAt vi0 saM0 139 (I0 san 82) meM zvetAmbarasaMgha se boTikamata (digambaramata) kI utpatti batalAyI gayI hai, use DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti mAna liyA hai| tathA digambaragrantha 'darzanasAra' meM vikrama saM0 136 (vIra ni0 606 = I0 san 79) meM digambaramuni bhadrabAhu (tRtIya) ke praziSya tathA zAntyAcArya ke ziSya jinacandra ke dvArA zvetAmbarasaMgha kA pravartana batalAyA gayA hai| isa ullekha se DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne yApanIyasaMgha aura zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti ko samakAlIna mAna liyA hai,72 jo 72. jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya / pR.17 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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116 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 4 ullekhoM ke sarvathA viparIta hai| yadi 'darzanasAra' ke ullekhAnusAra zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti vi0 saM0 136 meM mAnI jAtI hai, to isI grantha meM yApanIyasaMgha kA udbhava vi0 saM0 705 yA 205 meM batalAyA gayA hai, ataH isake anusAra yApanIyasaMgha kA bhI utpattikAla vi0 saM0 705 yA 205 mAnanA caahie| astu, darzanasAra ke ullekha se spaSTa hai ki granthoM meM zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI utpatti bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM hI batalAyI gayI hai, eka hI samaya meM nahIM / isa prakAra aisA eka bhI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai, jisase yaha siddha ho ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAya eka hI mUlasampradAya se prasUta hue the| ataH DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kI yaha sthApanA sarvathA kapolakalpita ThaharatI hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAya uttarabhAratIya sacelAcela mUla nirgrantha saMgha se nikale the| jisa saMgha kA astitva hI nahIM thA, usase ukta sampradAyoM kI utpatti mAnanA AkAzakusuma se sugaMdha kI utpatti mAnanA hai / yataH DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' grantha ke prakAzana ke ATha varSoM bAda likhe gaye 'jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA' nAmaka grantha 3 meM sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke astitva kI mAnyatA kA parityAga kara diyA hai, ataH ukta saMgha se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kA janma huA thA, unakI yaha mAnyatA svataH nirasta ho jAtI hai| uparyukta naye grantha meM unhoMne likhA hai " dakSiNa kA acela - nirgranthasaMgha bhadrabAhu kI paramparA se aura uttara kA sacelanirgranthasaMgha sthUlabhadra kI paramparA se vikasita huaa|" (pR. 28-29) / tadanantara ve likhate haiM- " IsA kI dvitIya zatI meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke chaha sau nau varSa pazcAt uttarabhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha meM vibhAjana kI eka anya ghaTanA ghaTita huI, phalataH uttarabhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha sacela evaM acela aise do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gayA / -- -- zivabhUti kI uttarabhArata kI isa acelaparamparA ko zvetAmbaroM ne boTika ( bhraSTa ) kahA, kintu Age calakara yaha paramparA 'yApanIya' ke nAma se hI adhika prasiddha huii|" (pR.29-30)| isase spaSTa hai ki DaoNkTara sA0 ne apane saMzodhita mata meM sthUlabhadra (cauthI zatI I0 pU0 ) kI paramparA se vikasita sacelasaMgha ke vibhAjana se yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti mAnI hai| isase unakA yaha mata bhI nirasta ho jAtA hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya samAna paramparA se utpanna hue the / unake hI uparyukta vacanoM ke anusAra samAna paramparA se to IsApUrva cauthI zatI meM bhadrabAhuvAle dakSiNa - prasthita acela - nigranthasaMgha kI tathA sthUlabhadravAle uttarasthita sacelasaMgha kI utpatti huI thI / 73. prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.), san 2004 I. / For Personal & Private Use Only

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paJcama prakaraNa sAmAnya puruSoM ke lie tIrthaMkaraliMga-niSedha managaDhanta 1 paMcamakAla meM sacelaliMga ko hI jinokta, ucita aura anivArya ThaharAne kA prayAsa prastuta adhyAya ke tRtIya prakaraNa (zIrSaka 3.9) meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne avAstavika acelatva aura vAstavika acelatva ko 'jinakalpa' saMjJA dekara tathA usakA vyuccheda ghoSita kara digambaramata ko nihnavamata (tIrthaMkaropadeza ke viparIta kalpita mithyAmata) tathA zvetAmbaramata ko tIrthaMkarapraNIta mata siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| yaha ceSTA unhoMne sAmAnyapuruSoM ke lie tIrthaMkaraliMga-grahaNa ke niSedha kI kalpanA dvArA bhI kI hai| unhoMne boTikakathA ke mAdhyama se yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki 'paMcamakAla meM muniyoM ke lie zvetAmbaramatokta sacelaliMga hI bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa hai, use hI grahaNa karane se saMyama kI virAdhanA TalatI hai| paMcama - kAla meM vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananadhArI manuSyoM kA abhAva ho jAne se acelaliMga dhAraNa karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH sabhI muniyoM ko sacelaliMga grahaNa karanA anivArya hai|' digambaramata ke viSaya meM (jise ve boTikamata kahate the), unhoMne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki cU~ki paMcamakAlIna puruSoM meM acelaliMga dhAraNa karane kI yogyatA nahIM hotI, ataH vaha unake lie niSiddha hai| isalie use dhAraNa karane yogya mAnanevAlA digambaramata jinokta nahIM hai, apitu nihnavamata arthAt svakalpita miyAmata hai| zvetAmbarAcAryoM ke ina prayAsoM kI sUcanA boTikakathA ke guruziSya - saMvAda se prApta hotI hai| boTika zivabhUti jinaliMgavat sarvathA acelatva (nagnaveza) ko jinakalpa mAnatA hai aura guru ke samakSa use hI grAhya ThaharAtA hai| isake uttara meM guru AryakRSNa kahate haiM ki " jinakalpa vahI dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, jo vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananadhArI tathA kama se kama navapUrvadhara ho / jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt arthAt paMcamakAla kA AraMbha hote hI manuSyoM meM ina yogyatAoM kA abhAva ho gayA, ataH vartamAna meM jinakalpa kI pravRtti vicchinna ho gayI hai|"75 74. dekhie, isI adhyAya kA prakaraNa 3 / zIrSaka 3.9 / 75. uvaeso puNa evaM jiNakappo saMpayaM samucchinno / jeNaM so navapuvvI paDivajjai paDhamasaMghayaNI // 1 / 2 / 14 // pravacanaparIkSA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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118 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra05 yataH zivabhUti jinendragRhIta (tIrthaMkaragRhIta) vAstavika acelaliMga ko hI (nAmamAtra ke lie acela kahe jAnevAle sacela jinakalpa ko nahIM) grAhya batalAnA cAhatA hai, ataH vaha jinakalpa ko grAhya batalAne ke turanta bAda apane abhiprAya ko spaSTa karate hue kahatA hai-"acelakAzca jinendraaH| ato'celataiva sundareti" (hema.vRtti. / vize. bhA./ gA. 2551-52) / arthAt jinendra bhI acelaka hote haiM, ataH acelatA hI sundara hai (use grahaNa karanA ucita hai)| ___guru AryakRSNa isake uttara meM kahate haiM-"tIrthaMkaroM meM jo alaukika yogyatAe~ hotI haiM, ve unake ziSyoM (anugAmiyoM) meM nahIM hotI, ataH Agama meM unake lie tIrthaMkaragRhIta acelaliMga ke grahaNa kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkaroM meM anupamadhRti (anupama sahanazakti) kA janaka vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhanana hotA hai, chadmAvasthA meM ve matijJAnAdi cAra jJAnoM ke svAmI, atizayasattvasampanna, chidrarahita-pANipAtravAle tathA samasta parISahoM ke vijetA hote haiN|76 kintu unake ziSyoM meM ye guNa nahIM hote, ataH unake lie jinendra ne acelaliMga ke grahaNa kA niSedha kiyA hai| isalie tumheM (zivabhUti ko) tIrthaMkara ke upadeza kA Adara karate hue nagna nahIM honA caahie|" zivabhUti guru (tIrthaMkara) ke liMga ko yuktipUrvaka anukaraNIya batalAte hue kahatA hai jArisiyaM guruliMgaM sIseNa vi tAriseNa hoyvvN| na hi hoi buddhasIso seyavaDo naggakhavaNo v||8 anuvAda-"jaisA guru kA liMga (veza) hotA hai, vaisA hI ziSya kA bhI honA caahie| zvetavastra dhAraNa karanevAlA athavA nagnavezadhArI sAdhu buddha kA ziSya nahIM kahalA sktaa| arthAt buddha raktAmbaradhArI the, ataH jo raktAmbara dhAraNa karatA hai, use hIloga buddha kA anuyAyI kaha sakate haiM, zvetAmbara yA digambara sAdhu ko nhiiN|" guru AryakRSNa isa yukti ko nirasta karate hue kahate haiM- "yadi tIrthaMkara ke ziSya hone se tumheM unakA veza pramANa hai, to tIrthaMkara ke ziSya hone ke hI kAraNa 76. "yasmAjjinAstIrthakarAH sarve'pi nirupamadhRtisaMhananAzchadmasthAvasthAyAM caturjJAnAH, atizaya sattvasampannAH, tathA acchidrapANipAtrA jitasamastaparISahAzca ---" hema.vRtti / vizeSAva zyakabhASya / gA. 2581-83 / 77. "tarhi tadvacanAdeva tIrthakaropadezAdeva nirupaghRti-saMhananAdyatizayarahito'celo nagno mA __ bhuustvm|" hema.vRtti/ vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA.2585 / 78. vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gAthA 2585 kI hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti meM uddhRt| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02 / pra0 5 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 119 tumhAre lie unakA upadeza bhI pramANa honA caahie| guru ke upadeza kA ullaMghana kara pravRtti karanevAlA ziSya abhISTArtha kI siddhi nahIM kara sakatA / paramaguru kA upadeza yaha hai ki jo nirupamadhRti, prathama saMhanana Adi atizayoM se rahita hai, use acelaka nahIM honA cAhie / isalie tuma isa prakAra gurUpadeza se alaga nAgnya apanAkara apanA ahita kyoM karate ho?" 79 zivabhUti guru kI hI yukti se uttara detA hai - " yathA gurorupadezaH karttavyastathA tadveSacarite apyavazyamAcaraNIye / " (hema. vRtti / vize. bhA. / gA. 2586 ) / arthAt jaise guru kA upadeza pAlana karane yogya hai, vaise hI unakA veza aura carita bhI avazya AcaraNIya haiN| taba AryakRSNa kahate haiM- "yaha anucita hai, kyoMki guru kA upadeza hI kAryasAdha hai| jaise rogI, vaidya ke upadeza kA pAlana karane se hI rogamukta hotA hai, usake veza aura carita kA anukaraNa karane se nahIM, vaise hI jinavaidya ke upadeza kA pAlana karanevAlA hI karmaroga se mukta hotA hai, unake veza aura carita kA anukaraNa karanevAlA nahIM / jinendravat yogyatA na rahate hue bhI, jo unake veza aura carita kA anukaraNa karatA hai, vaha unmAda Adi kA hI pAtra banatA hai / 80 guru AryakRSNa punaH upadeza dete haiM ki " ziSyoM kI tIrthaMkaroM se sabhI guNoM meM samAnatA nahI ho sktii| yadi sabhI guNoM meM samAnatA ho, to jaise tIrthaMkara svayaMbuddha hone ke kAraNa dUsaroM ke upadeza se pravartana nahIM karate, na hI chadmasthAvasthA meM dUsaroM ko upadeza dete haiM, na hI ziSyoM ko dIkSA dete haiM, vaise hI unake ziSya-praziSyoM kA bhI svayaMbuddhatva Adi sabhI guNoM se yukta honA Avazyaka ho jAyegA / aisA hone para tIrtha kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hogI, kyoMki na to kisI ko upadeza dene kI 79. "yadi tIrthakaraziSyatvAd tadveSastava pramANaM tarhi tata eva hetostadupadozo'pi bhavataH prmaannmev| na hi gurUpadezamatikramya pravartamAnaH ziSyo'bhISTArthasAdhako bhavati / paramagurUpadezazcaivaM vartate-nirupamadhRtisaMhananAdyatizayarahitenAcelakena naiva bhavitavyam / tat kiM tvamitthaM gurUpadezabAhyena nAgnyenAtmAnaM vigopayasIti ? " hema vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA.2585 / 80. " iha yathA rogI vaidyasyopadezaM karoti, tatkaraNamAtreNaiva ca rogAd vimucyate na punarasau tadveSaM karoti, nApi taccaritamAcarati, na ca tat kurvANo'pyasau praguNIbhavati tainaiva prakAreNa jina-vaidyasyAdezaM kurvANastadveSacarite anAcarannapi karmarogAdapaiti viyujyate, na punasteSAmAdezamakurvANastannepathya-caritabibhrANo'pi tasmAd viyujyate, kevalaM tadyogyatA-rahitatvAnnepathyacaritAmyAM pravartamAna unmAdAdibhAjanabheva bhavatIti / " hema vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2586-87 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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120 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra05 AvazyakatA rahegI, na dIkSA dene kii| (hema.vRtti / vishe.bhaa./gaa.2588-89)| isalie jaise tumheM yaha mAnya hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha liMga aura cAritra ko chor3akara zeSa atizayoM kI apekSA ziSyoM kA sarvasAdharmya nahIM ho sakatA, apitu kiMcit hI sAdharmya ho sakatA hai, vaise hI hameM yaha mAnya hai ki liMga aura cAritra kI apekSA bhI kucha hI sAdharmya hotA hai, sarvasAdharmya nhiiN| udAharaNArtha, liMga kI apekSA bhI kevala kezaloca kA sAdharmya hotA hai, acelatva kA nahIM aura cAritra kI apekSA eSaNIya AhAra ke paribhoga, aniyatavAsa Adi kI samAnatA hotI hai, pANipAtrabhojitva kI nahIM, kyoMki hamalogoM meM atizaya kA abhAva hone se ye dharma hamAre yogya nahIM haiN|" 81 2 digambaramata ko nihnavamata ( mithyAmata ) siddha karane kI ceSTA uparyukta dRSTAntoM aura yuktiyoM se zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne tIrthaMkara ke ziSya-praziSyoM ko tIrthaMkaraliMga (acelaliMga) grahaNa karane ke ayogya batalAyA hai aura isase yaha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai ki digambarajaina muni vajravRSabhanArAca-saMhanana Adi yogyatAoM se rahita puruSoM ke lie niSiddha jinaliMga (acelaliMga) dhAraNa karate haiM, ataH jinAjJA ke viruddha AcaraNa karane se unakA mata jinoktamata nahIM hai, apitu nihnavamata arthAt jinopadeza-viparIta svakalpita mithyAmata hai| zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne vastrapAtralabdhimAn sarvocca jinakalpika sAdhu ko bhI mukhavastrikA aura Unanirmita rajoharaNa, ina do upakaraNoM kA dhArI batalAyA hai aura tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI eka devadUSya (vastra) kandhe para DAlakara pravrajita honevAlA kahA hai| kintu boTika zivabhUti jo zvetAmbarasAdhu kA veza dhAraNa kiye hue thA, mukhavastrikAdi samasta upakaraNoM kA parityAga kara nagna ho jAtA hai| taba guru AryakRSNa kahate haiM "yadayaM yastvayA sarvathopakaraNatyAgaH kRtaH sa dRSTAntIkRtAnAM tIrthaMkarajinakalpikAdInAmapi na dRzyate, kevalaM nUtanaH ko'pi tvadIya evAyaM mArga iti|" (hema.vRtti/vize.bhA./ gaa.25-84)| 81. "yathA jinendraiH saha 'niruvamadhiisaMghayaNA caunANAisayasattasaMpaNNA' (vize.bhA./gA.2581) ityAdinA granthena pratipAditairliGgAccaritAcca zaiSairatizayaiH sarvasAdhAr2yA nAbhimataM bhavataH, kiM tarhi? kiJcit sAdharmyameva, tathA tenaiva prakAreNa liGgena caritena ca kiJcit sAdharmyameva taiH sahAbhimatamasmAkaM, na tu srvsaadhrmym| tacca sAdharmya liGgato locakaraNamAtreNa na punaracelatvena, caritreNa tveSaNIyAhAra-paribhogA'niyatavAsAdinA, na tu pANibhojitvena, niratizayatvena tdyogytvaadsmdaadiinaam|" hema.vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA.2590 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02 / pra05 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 121 anuvAda-"jo tumane yaha samasta upakaraNoM kA tyAga kara diyA hai, vaha una tIrthaMkaroM aura jinakalpikoM meM bhI dikhAyI nahIM detA, jinake liMga ko tumane anukaraNIya batalAyA hai| ataH yaha tumhArA apanA hI koI nayA mArga hai|" __nayA mArga calAnevAle ko hI zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne 'nihnava' kahA hai|82 aura 'boTika' nAma se abhihita kiye jAnevAle digambaroM ko unhoMne uparyukta kAraNa se navInamatapravartaka kahakara zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke veza kI apekSA veza (dravyaliMga) se bhI bhinna, sarvApalApI, mahAmithyAdRSTi boTikanihnava kahA hai-"aSTamaM nagaraM dravyaliGgamAtreNApi bhinnAnAM sarvApalApinAM mahAmithyAdRzAM vakSyamANAnAM boTikanihnavAnAM laaghvaarthmutpttisthaanmuktm|" (hema.vRtti/vize. bhaa./gaa.2303)| __zrI jinabhadragaNI ne zvetAmbara-mAnya dharma ko hI mahAvIrapraNIta dharma mAnakara digambaramata ko mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa mata, liMga (veza) aura caryA se bhinnamata, bhinnaliMga aura bhinnacaryAvAlA mithyAmata kahA hai-"bhinnamayaliMgacariyA micchaddiTThi tti boddiyaa'bhimyaa|" (vize. bhaa./gaa.2620)| hInasaMhananadhAriyoM ko bhI tIrthaMkaraliMga-grahaNa kA upadeza isake pramANa tIrthaMkara acelaliMgadhArI hote haiN| ataH acelaliMga hI tIrthaMkaraliMga yA jinaliMga hai| zrI jinabhadragaNI Adi zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSyapraziSyoM ko hInasaMhananadhArI hone ke kAraNa acelaliMga ke ayogya batalAyA hai aura isI kAraNa unake lie tIrthaMkaraliMga niSiddha ghoSita kiyA hai| kintu yaha mAnyatA nimnalikhita yuktiyoM aura pramANoM se managaDhanta siddha hotI hai3.1. mahAvIra kA upadeza paMcamakAla ke jIvoM ke lie bhI paMcamakAla meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tIrtha pravartamAna hai, jisase siddha hai ki unakA upadeza paMcamakAla ke jIvoM ke lie bhI hai| isIlie jIva paMcamakAla meM saptama guNasthAna taka AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ekamAtra acelakadharma kA upedaza diyA hai, yaha zvetAmbarazAstroM se hI pramANita hai| isase sAbita hotA hai ki paMcamakAla ke hInasaMhananadhArI pramatta-apramattasaMyata muniyoM ke lie acelaliMga kA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai, arthAt sarvajJa ne unheM acelaliMga grahaNa karane yogya mAnA hai| 82. dekhie , pAdaTippaNI 30 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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122 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra05 3.2. acelakadharma kA upadeza tIrthaMkaroM ke lie nahIM koI bhI tIrthaMkara dharma kA upedaza tIrthaMkaroM ke lie nahIM detA, kyoMki ve svayaMbuddha hote haiN| ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelakadharma kA upadeza sAdhAraNa puruSoM ke lie hI diyA hai| jisa bhava meM tIrthaMkaraparyAya udaya meM AtI hai, usa bhava ke pUrva taka tIrthaMkaraprakRti kA bandha karanevAle puruSa bhI sAdhAraNa hI hote haiM, kyoMki ve pUrvatIrthaMkara ke upadeza ke anusAra pravartana karake hI tIrthaMkaraprakRti kA bandha karate haiN| tathA kevala vajravRSabhanArAca-saMhananadhAriyoM ko mahAvIra ne acelaka dharma kA upadeza diyA hai, yaha bhI siddha nahIM hotA, kyoMki paMcamakAla ke hInasaMhananadhArI puruSa bhI usI upadeza ke anusAra pravartana karake saptamaguNasthAna taka Atmonnati kara rahe haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelakadharma ke atirikta anya kisI dharma kA upadeza diyA hI nahIM hai| 3.3. Asrava-bandha-saMvara-nirjarA ke hetu saba ke lie samAna caturthakAla ho yA paMcamakAla, bharatakSetra ho yA airAvata athavA videha, uttamasaMhananadhArI ho yA hInasaMhananadhArI, tIrthaMkara ho yA atIrthaMkara, sarvatra-sarvakAla sabhI ke karmoM ke Asrava, bandha, saMvara aura nirjarA ke hetu samAna hote haiN| arthAt kisI ko bhI, kahIM bhI, kisI bhI kAla meM karmoM kA Asrava hogA, to mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga se hI hogA aura saMvara hogA to inake hI abhAva se hogaa| tathA ina kAraNoM ke hone para na to uttamasaMhananadhArI Asrava se baca sakatA hai, na hiinsNhnndhaarii| isI prakAra cauthe se sAtaveM guNasthAna taka uttamasaMhananadhArI ke tathA usI bhava meM tIrthaMkara honevAle puruSa ke karmoM kA upazama, kSayopazama yA kSaya bhI unhIM kAraNoM se hotA hai, jinase hInasaMhananadhArI ke karmoM kA hotA hai| cauthe guNasthAna meM ikatAlIsa karma-prakRtiyoM kA saMvara vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananavAle meM bhI hotA hai aura zeSa saMhananavAloM meM bhii| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNakaSAya ke kSayopazama se dasa prakRtiyoM ke Asrava kA aura pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se cAra prakRtiyoM ke Asrava kA nirodha vaha puruSa bhI karatA hai, jo usI bhava meM tIrthaMkara honevAlA hai, aura vaha bhI jo nahIM honevAlA hai| kSapakazreNI para vajravRSabhanArAca-saMhananadhArI hI ArUr3ha hote haiN| isa zreNI ke vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM karmoM ke Asrava aura kSaya kA krama tIrthaMkara honevAle muniyoM aura sAmAnya muniyoM meM bilakula eka jaisA hotA hai| aura kAryakAraNa-vyavasthA kA yaha niyama hai ki samAna kArya kI utpatti samAna kAraNa se hI hotI hai| kAraNa ke svarUpa meM antara hone para kArya ke svarUpa meM bhI antara honA avazyambhAvI hai| bAhyaveza parigrahAtmaka aura aparigrahAtmaka hotA hai, ataH usakA prabhAva antaraMga pariNAmoM para anivAryataH par3atA hai| isa prakAra Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, upazama, kSayopazama, kSaya Adi samAna kArya ke lie samAna AtmapariNAma aura samAna AtmapariNAma ke lie samAna bAhyaliMga For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02 / pra0 5 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 123 kI anivAryatA siddha hotI hai, jisase yaha nirNaya hotA hai ki hInasaMhananadhArI meM tIrthaMkaragRhIta acelaliMga dhAraNa karane kI yogyatA hotI hai, usake hI mAdhyama se vaha saptamaguNasthAna para ArUr3ha ho pAtA hai, ataH hInasaMhananadhArI kelie jinendra ne acelaliMgagrahaNa kA niSedha nahIM, apitu upadeza kiyA hai| bhagavatI - ArAdhanA ke TIkAkAra aparAjitasUri tIrthaMkaragRhIta acelaliMga ko hI sabhI mokSArthiyoM ke lie grAhya batalAte hue likhate haiM '"jinAnAM pratibimbaM cedamacelaliGgaM / te hi mumukSavo muktyupAyajJA yad gRhItavanto liGgaM tadeva tadarthinAM yogyamityabhiprAyaH / yo hi yadarthI vivekavAn nAsau tadanupAyamAdatte, yathA ghaTArthI turivemAdIn / muktyarthI ca yatirna celaM gRhNAti mukternupaaytvaat| yaccAtmano'bhipretasyopAyastanniyogata upAdatte yathA cakrAdikaM, tathA yatirapi aceltaam| tadupAyatA ca acelatAyA jinAcaraNAdeva jJAnadarzanayoriva / " (vi.TI./ bha.A./gA. 'jiNapaDirUvaM'/ 84/pR.120 ) / anuvAda - " acelaliMga jinadevoM kA pratibimba hai / jinendradeva mokSa ke abhilASI the aura mokSa ke upAya ko jAnate the| ataH unhoMne jisa liMga ko dhAraNa kiyA, vahI sabhI mokSArthiyoM ke yogya hai| kyoMki jo vivekavAn hotA hai, vaha jisa vastu ko cAhatA hai, use prApta na karAnevAle upAya ko nahIM apanAtA / jaise ghaTa cAhanevAlA manuSya turI, vemA Adi ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, kyoMki ve ghaTanirmANa ke sAdhana nahIM haiM ( apitu, paTanirmANa ke sAdhana haiM), vaise hI mukti cAhanevAlA muni vastra grahaNa nahIM karatA, kyoMki vaha mukti kA upAya nahIM hai / kintu, jo svAbhilaSita vastu kA upAya hotA hai, use vivekavAn manuSya niyama se grahaNa karatA hai, jaise ghaTa cAhanevAlA cakra, daNDa Adi ko / vaise hI mokSArthI muni bhI acelatA ko niyama se apanAtA hai| aura acelatA samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna ke samAna mukti kA upAya hai, yaha jinendradeva ke hI AcaraNa se siddha hai / " aparAjitasUri ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki tIrthaMkaramArgAnuyAyI gaNadharoM tathA unake ziSyoM ne tIrthaMkaragRhIta acelaliMga ko grahaNa kiyA thA-- "tIrthakarAcaritatvaM ca guNaH / saMhananabalasamagrA muktimArgaprakhyApanaparA jinA: sarva evAcelA bhUtA bhaviSyantazca / yathA mervAdiparvatagatAH pratimAstIrthakaramArgAnuyAyinazca gaNadharA iti te'pyacelAstacchiSyAzca tathaiveti siddhamacelatvam / " (vi.TI./ bha.A./gA. 'Acelakkuddesiya' / 423 / pR.323) / anuvAda-"tIrthaMkaroM ke mArga kA anusaraNa acelatA se hI saMbhava hai| saMhanana aura bala se paripUrNa tathA mokSamArga kA upadeza dene meM tatpara sabhI tIrthaMkara acela For Personal & Private Use Only

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124 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra05 the tathA bhaviSya meM bhI acela hI hoNge| jaise meru Adi parvatoM para virAjamAna jinapratimAe~ acela haiM aura tIrthaMkaroM ke mArga ke anuyAyI gaNadhara acela hote haiM, vaise hI unake ziSya bhI unhIM kI taraha acela hote haiN| isa prakAra acelatA hI mokSa kA mArga siddha hotI hai|" ___ina pramANoM se zvetAmbarAcAryoM kA yaha kathana managaDhanta siddha hotA hai ki hInasaMhananadhArI puruSa tathA tIrthaMkaroM ke vajravRSabhanArAca-saMhananadhArI ziSya tIrthaMkaragRhIta liMga aura caryA ke ayogya hote haiM, isa kAraNa unake lie ukta liMga aura caryA ke grahaNa kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 3.4. paJcamakAlIna pramatta-apramattasaMyatoM ko bhI nAgnyaparISaha tattvArthasUtra kI racanA zvetAmbarazAstrokta jinakalpa ke vyuccheda ke bAda huI hai, ataH usameM jinakalpiyoM ke AcAra kA varNana nahIM ho sktaa| usameM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kA ullekha bhI nahIM hai| usa para likhe gaye tattvArthabhASya meM bhI nahIM hai| isalie usameM varNita AcAra na to jinakalpikoM kA mAnA jA sakatA hai, na sthavirakalpikoM kaa| hA~, usameM aise munidharma kA bhI varNana hai, jo kevala caturthakAla meM honevAle vajravRSabhanArAca Adi tIna uttama-saMhananadhAriyoM ke lie hI saMbhava hai, jaise upazamazreNI aura kSapakazreNI para ArUr3ha honA tathA ukta zreNiyoM meM saMbhava parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasAmparAya aura yathAkhyAtacAritra kA AcaraNa krnaa| ina zreNiyoM se nIce ke guNasthAnoM meM grahaNa karane yogya batalAyA gayA AcAra paMcamakAla ke hInasaMhananadhArI zrAvakoM aura muniyoM se bhI sambandhita hai| zrI jinabhadragaNI ne jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda jina dasa padArthoM kA vyuccheda batalAyA hai, unameM tattvArthasUtravarNita saMvara ke upAyoM meM se kevala uparyukta tIna prakAra ke cAritra hI zAmila haiM, zeSa do cAritra tathA gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA aura parISahajaya kA vyuccheda nahIM batalAyA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki bAIsa parISaha paMcamakAla meM hInasaMhananadhArI muniyoM ko bhI hote haiN| unameM eka nAgnyaparISaha bhI hai, jisase. siddha hotA hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra hInasaMhananadhArI muni bhI jinaliMgadhArI hote haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM nAgnya ke mukhya aura upacarita bheda nahIM kiye gaye haiM, tattvArthabhASya meM bhI aisA hI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki tattvArthasUtra-kAra ko vAstavika nAgnya hI mAnya hai, upacarita nhiiN| 3.5. hInasaMhananadhArI ko bhI nagna hone para hI zItAdiparISaha saMbhava jaisA ki Upara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, tattvArthasUtra meM hInasaMhananadhArI muni ko karmanirjarA ke lie zItAdi bAIsaparISahoM para vijaya prApta karane kA upadeza For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra05 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 125 diyA gayA hai| unameM zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka Adi parISaha nagnamuni ko hI ho sakate haiM, vastradhArI ko nhiiN| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI 'Acelakkuddesiya' gAthA (423) kI TIkA meM aparAjitasUri 'uttarAdhyayana' ke parISahasUtroM kA nirdeza karate hue kahate haiM ___ "idaM cAcelatAprasAdhanaparaM zItadaMzamazakatRNasparzaparISahasahanavacanaM priisshsuutressu| na hi sacelaM zItAdayo baadhnte|" (vi.ttii./bh.aa./pR.326)| anuvAda-"(uttarAdhyayana ke) parISahasUtroM meM jo zIta, daMzamazaka, tRNasparza Adi parISahoM ke sahana karane kA kathana haiM, usase siddha hotA hai ki sAdhu ko acela (nagna) rahane kA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai, kyoMki vastradhArI ko zItAdi-parISaha nahIM hote|" ___AcArAMga ke "aduvA tattha parakkamaMto bhujjo acelaM taNaphAsA phusanti, sIyaphAsA phusanti" ityAdi sUtra (AcA./1/7/7 / 220-221) kI vRtti meM zIlAGkAcArya likhate haiM-"acelatayA zItAdisparza samyagadhisaheteti" arthAt acela (nagna) rahane se zItAdisparza ko bhalIbhA~ti sahana kiyA jAtA hai| ( dekhie , Age adhyAya 3 / prakaraNa 1 / zIrSaka 6) / ina vacanoM se bhI yahI pratipAdita hotA hai ki hInasaMhananadhArI ko bhI Agama meM jinaliMga dhAraNa karane yogya batalAyA gayA hai| 3.6. AcArAMga meM acelatva se saMyama-ziSTatA kI hAni amAnya, hrI-kutsAbhayatyAga prazaMsita zvetAmbarAgama sthAnAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu ko tIna kAraNoM se hI vastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie-1. hrIpratyaya se (lajjAnubhava hone ke kAraNa), 2. jugupsApratyaya se (lokanindA ke bhaya se) tathA 3. parISahapratyaya se ( parISaha-sahana meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa )-"tihiM ThANehiM vatthaM dhArejjA, taM jahA-hiripattiyaM duguMchApattiyaM priishpttiyN|" (sthA.sU./3/3/347 / 150) / jinabhadragaNI jI kA kathana hai ki "jo jinakalpa ke ayogya hote haiM unameM ye tInoM kAraNa avazya hote haiM (aura paMcamakAla meM sabhI jinakalpa ke ayogya haiM) ataH unheM vastra avazya dhAraNa karanA caahie| bhale hI kutsA (jugupsA = lokanindA)83 aura parISaha se bacane ke lie dhAraNa na kiye jAya~, para hI arthAt lajjA, jo ki saMyama hai, usake pAlana ke lie avazya dhAraNa kiye jaayeN| anyathA zItAdi se bacane 83. "jugupsA lokavihitA nindaa|" hema.vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gaa.2553-57| For Personal & Private Use Only

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126 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra05 ke lie jo agniprajvalana Adi kArya kiye jAyeMge, unase jIvahiMsArUpa mahAn asaMyama hogaa|"84 aura pravacanaparIkSAkAra kahate haiM-"yadi zItAdisahana karane ke lie vastradhAraNa kiye jAte haiM, to kiye jAya~, kintu avAcya (nAma bhI na lene yogya) avayava (zizna) ko chipAne ke lie to dhAraNa karanA hI caahie|"85 kintu ye mAnyatAe~ AcArAMga-varNita mAnyatAoM ke viparIta haiN| AcArAMga meM zramaNAcAra ke jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa-rUpa bheda nahIM kiye gaye haiN|86 usameM sAdhuoM ke sAmAnya AcAra kA varNana hai| usameM sAmAnya-sAdhuoM meM se hI kisI meM lajjA kA sadbhAva, kisI meM abhAva, kisI ko parISaha sahane meM samartha, kisI ko asamartha batalAte hue unheM yogyatAnusAra vastradhAraNa karane athavA acela rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, kintu acelatva ke guNa darzAte hue jora acela rahane para hI diyA gayA hai| yaha kahIM bhI nahIM kahA gayA hai ki "vartamAna meM acelaliMga dhAraNa karane kI yogyatA samApta ho gayI hai, isalie sabhI sAdhuoM ko vastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie , acela kisI ko bhI nahIM honA caahie|" sthAnAMga aura uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM sacelatva kI apekSA acelatva kI zreSThatA kA prati-pAdana kara acelatva ko hI cunane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| (ina granthoM ke uddharaNa Age tRtIya adhyAya ke prathama prakaraNa (zIrSaka 6,7) meM draSTavya haiN)| isa prakAra zvetAmbarAgama AcArAMga, sthAnAMga aura uttarAdhyayana meM acelatva ko zreSTha evaM grAhya batalAyA gayA hai, jisase siddha hai ki ina zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM acelatva ko na to saMyama kA ghAtaka mAnA gayA hai, na ziSTatA-sabhyatA athavA lokamaryAdA ke viruddha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, balki jo muktyarthI sAdhu nagna hone para lajjA kA anubhava nahIM karatA tathA kutsA (lokanindA) se bhayabhIta nahIM hotA, use prazaMsanIya 84. jiNakappAjoggANaM hI kucchA-parIsahA jo'vssN| hI lajja tti va so saMjamo tadatthaM viseMseNa // 2603 // vishessaavshykbhaassy| "jinakalpAyogyAnAM sAdhUnAM hrI-kutsA-parISahalakSaNaM vastradhAraNakAraNaM pUrvAbhihitasvarUpamavazyameva sambhavati tato dharaNIyameva vstrm| yadi vA kutsA-parISahArthaM tad na dhriyate tathApi hIrlajjA sa ca saMyamastadarthaM tAvad vizeSeNaiva vastraM dhrnniiym| anyathA'gnijvalanAdinA bRhdsNymmaaptteriti|" hema.vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2603 / 85. "atha zItAdisahanArthaM vastraM parihriyate iti cet parihriyatAM nAma tadarthaM, paramavAcyAvayavagopana nimittaM tu dhrttvymev|" pravacanaparIkSA / 1/2/31 / pR.95 / 86. AcArAMga ke vRttikAra zIlAMkAcArya (9-10 vIM zatI I0) ne vRtti meM apanI ora se ye bheda darzAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra05 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 127 mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki yaha sacce vairAgya kA lakSaNa hai, jo mokSamArga kA prANa hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrI jinabhadragaNI Adi zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne Agama ke nAma para acelatva ko jo lajjA, kutsA evaM asaMyama kA hetu aura lokamaryAdA ke viruddha batalAkara sAdhu ke lie vastradhAraNa ko anivArya ThaharAyA hai, vaha Agamavacana nahIM hai, apitu unakA managaDhanta darzana hai| 3.7. vairAgyapariNata jJAnI nagnamuni kA liMgotthAna saMbhava nahIM jinabhadragaNI-kSamAzramaNa Adi AcAryoM ne sAdhu ke lie vastradhAraNa Avazyaka hone kA eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa yaha batalAyA hai ki strIdarzana Adi se sAdhu kA liMgotthAna saMbhava hai| nagna rahane para usakA logoM kI dRSTi meM AnA anivArya hai| isase muni aura dharma kI nindA tathA darzaka striyoM meM bhI kAmavikAra kI utpatti hogI, jo nindanIya hai| ise rokane ke lie sAdhu ko vastradhAraNa karanA anivArya hai|87 zrI jinabhadragaNI Adi kA yaha kathana ekAntavAda se dUSita hai| yaha sthiti unhIM sAdhuoM meM saMbhava hai, jo vairAgyapariNata, jJAnI aura antarmana se muktyarthI nahIM haiM, apitu jinake mana meM bhogAkAMkSA avadamita rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| aura aise sAdhuoM meM bhI lokabhaya ke kAraNa sArvajanika sthAna meM liMgotthAna kI atyalpa saMbhAvanA hotI hai| kintu jo sAdhu vairAgyapariNata, jJAnI aura antarmana se mukti ke abhilASI haiM, ve pratipala apane brahmacarya kI rakSA meM yatnazIla hote haiN| unake liMgotthAna kI ekAnta meM bhI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI, sArvajanika sthAna kI to bAta hI duur| vartamAna meM digambaramuniyoM ke aneka saMgha vidyamAna haiM, jinheM striyA~ AhAradAna karatI haiM, unake darzana karatI haiM, pravacana sunatI haiM, kintu yuvA muniyoM ke bhI aMgoM meM kAmavikAra nahIM dekhA jaataa| nagnAvasthA meM muni ke mana meM kAmavikArotpatti-nimittaka lokanindA kA bhaya bhI sakriya rahatA hai aura yaha manovijJAna kA niyama hai ki bhaya kI avasthA meM kAmavikAra kI utpatti asaMbhava ho jAtI hai| hA~, savastra avasthA 87. ka-ve uvve'vAyaDe vAiye hIkhadde pajaNaNe cev| tesiM aNuggahaTThA liMgudayaTThA ya paTTo o||5|| "tatra prajanane mehane 'veuvvitti' vaikriye vikRte tathA aprAvRte'nAvRte, vAtikecotsUnatvabhAjane, hiyA lajjayA satyA khaDDe bRhatpramANe 'liMgudayaTThatti' strIdarzane liGgodayarakSaNArthaM ca paTazcolapaTTo mata iti|" hema.vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2575-79 / kha-"evamuktaprakAreNa jinakalpikAH sthavirakalpikAzcetyubhaye'pi prAguktaguNahetave vastrANi bibhrati / anyathA pravacanakhiMsAdayaH strIjanasyAtmanazca mohodayAdayo bahavo doSAH syuH|" pravacanaparIkSA /1/2/31/ pR.95| For Personal & Private Use Only

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128 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 5 meM muni kAmavikArajanya lokanindA ke bhaya se mukta ho jAtA hai, ataH isa avasthA meM ajitendriya muni ke mana meM kAmavikAra kI utpatti saMbhava hai| aparAjita sUri ne isa manovaijJAnika satya kA bar3e hI sundara dRSTAnta dvArA udghATana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM- " jaise sarpoM se bhare jaMgala meM vidyA - mantra Adi se rahita puruSa bar3I sAvadhAnI se calatA hai, vaise hI jo acela hotA hai vaha indriyoM ko vaza meM karane kA dRr3ha prayatna karatA hai, anyathA zarIra meM vikAra utpanna hone para lajjita hone kI naubata A sakatI hai|"88 ve Age likhate haiM- " acelatA meM citta kI vizuddhatA ko prakaTa karane kA guNa hai / jo zarIra ko la~goTI Adi se Dha~ka lete haiM, unake citta kI vizuddhi kA jJAna nahIM ho pAtA / kintu jo acela rahate haiM, unake zarIra kI nirvikAratA Antarika virAgatA ko prakaTa kara detI hai / " 89 yaha nAgnyaparISaha ko jItane kA lakSaNa hai / nAgnyaparISahajaya ke vairAgyabhAvanArUpa manovaijJAnika upAya ko bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne tattvArtharAjavArtika meM rekhAMkita kiyA hai| (dekhiye, agalA zIrSaka ) / tattvArthasUtra meM hInasaMhananadhArI muniyoM ke lie nAgnyaparISahajaya kA upadeza hai| isase siddha hai ki liMgotthAna kI saMbhAvanA ke nAma se muniyoM ke lie vastradhAraNa ko aparihArya batalAnA Agamavacana nahIM hai, apitu kalpitavacana hai| 3.8. napuMsaka banAye jAne kI dhAraNA hAsyAspada 2 zvetAmbarAcAryoM kI yaha dRr3ha dhAraNA hai ki zrAvaka ho yA sAdhu vastradhArI ho yA nagna, nimitta milane para usakA liMgotthAna hue binA nahIM raha sakatA / ataH use chipAne ke lie ve sAdhu kA vastradhAraNa anivArya mAnate haiN| isalie digambara muni nagna rahane para bhI jo isa doSa se mukta rahate haiM, usake viSaya meM kucha naye zvetAmbara sAdhuoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki unheM oSadhivizeSa kA rasa pilAkara napuMsaka banA diyA jAtA hai, isI kAraNa unake puruSAMga meM vikAra utpanna nahIM hotA / eka 'zizu AcArya' upAdhidhArI zrI narendrasAgara sUri nAma ke vartamAna zvetAmbarAcArya 'kyA digambara prAcIna haiM' nAmaka laghu pustikA meM pRSTha 20 para likhA hai 88. "sarpAkule vane vidyAmantrAdirahito yathA pumAn dRDhaprayatno bhavati evamindriyaniyamane acelo'pi prayatate / anyathA zarIravikAro lajjanIyo bhavediti / " vijayodayATIkA / bhagavatIArAdhanA / gA. 'Acelakkuddesiya ' / 423 / pR. 321 / 89. "cetovizuddhiprakaTanaM ca guNo'celatAyAm / kaupInAdinA pracchAdayato bhAvazuddhirna jJAyate / nizcelasya tu nirvikAradehatayA sphuTA virAgatA / " vijayodayATIkA / bhagavatI ArAdhanA /gA / 423 / pR.322 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra05 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 129 "unake (digambara jaina muniyoM ke) hI sahavAsiyoM se unakI kamajora bAteM jAnane ko milI haiM ki jaise nasabandI kiye hue puruSa ko kAmoddIpaka padArtha upasthita hone para bhI unakI indriyA~ uttejita nahIM hotI haiM, usI taraha prabhAvaka kahalAte digambara muniyoM ko pahale se hI vanaspati ke rasa pilAkara unako puruSatvanAzaka sthitivAle banA dete haiN| isa bAta meM kitanA rahasya hai, usakI buddhizAlI ko hI parIkSA karanI caahie|" AcArya jI kA yaha kathana bAla-uktiyoM ke samAna hAsyAspada hai| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki parivAraniyojana ke lie jo puruSa apanI nasabandI karAte haiM, usase ve napuMsaka nahIM banate, cikitsAvijJAna ise pramANita karatA hai| yadi puruSa napuMsaka banatA, to koI bhI puruSa nasabaMdI ke lie taiyAra nahIM hotA, sabhI puruSa apanI patnI kI hI nasabandI kraate| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadi digambara muniyoM ko vanaspati kA rasa pilAkara napuMsaka banAyA jAtA hotA, to aparAjita sUri yaha na likhate ki "jo acela hotA hai, vaha indriyoM ko vaza meM karane kA dRr3ha prayatna karatA hai, anyathA zarIra meM vikAra utpanna hone para lajjita hone kI naubata A sakatI hai" kyoMki napuMsaka banA diye jAne para zarIra meM vikAra utpanna hone kI naubata A hI nahIM sktii| kintu unhoMne aisA likhA hai, isase spaSTa hai ki digambara jaina muniyoM ko vanaspati kA rasa pilAkara napuMsaka banAye jAne kI bAta kapolakalpita hai| tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki strI ke darzanacintana Adi se puruSAMga meM jo vikAra utpanna ho sakatA hai, use vairAgyabhAvanA dvArA utpanna na hone dene ko hI tattvArthasUtra meM nAgnyaparISahajaya aura strIparISahajaya kahA gayA hai, jisakA spaSTIkaraNa TIkAkAroM ne isa prakAra kiyA hai "nAgnyamabhyupagatasya strIrUpANi nityAzucibIbhatsakuNapabhAvena pazyato vairAgyabhAvanAvaruddhamanovikriyasyA'sambhAvitamanuSyatvasya nAgnyadoSAsaMsparzanAt parISahajayasiddhiriti jAtarUpadharaNamuttamaM zreyaH praaptikaarnnmityucyte| itare punarmanovikriyAM nirodbhumasamarthAstatpUrvikAGgavikRtiM nigRhitakAmAH kaupIna-phalaka-cIvarAdyAvaraNamAtiSThante aGgasaMvaraNArthameva tanna krmsNvrkaarnnm|" (tattvArtharAjavArtika / 9/ 9/10) / anuvAda-"jisane nAgnyavrata svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha strIrUpa ko nitya apavitra, bIbhatsa zava-kaMkAla ke samAna samajhatA huA vairAgyabhAvanA se manovikAra ko avaruddha karatA hai, jisase nagnatA meM doSa kA sparza nahIM ho pAtA (puruSAGga meM vikAra utpanna For Personal & Private Use Only

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130 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra05 nahIM hotaa)| ise nAgnyaparISahajaya kahate haiN| ataH jAtarUpa ko dhAraNa karanA uttama hai tathA zreyaHprApti kA kAraNa hai| jo anya sAdhu manovikAra ko rokane meM asamartha hote haiM, ve tajjanya aMgavikAra ko chipAne ke lie la~goTI, arddhaphAlaka, cIvara Adi dhAraNa karate haiN| isase kevala aMga kA saMvaraNa (AcchAdana) hotA hai, karmoM kA saMvara nhiiN|" "ekAnteSvArAmabhavanAdipradezeSu navayauvanamadavibhramamadirApAnapramattAsu pramadAsu bAdhamAnAsu kUmatendriyavikArasya lalitasmita-mRdukathita-savilAsavIkSaNa-prahasanamadamantharagamana-manmathazaravyApAra-viphalIkaraNasya striibaadhaaprissh-shnmvgntvym|" (s.si./9/9)| anuvAda-"ekAnta udyAna, bhavana Adi meM baiThe hue muni ke brahmacarya ko jaba navayauvana ke mada se matta-hAvabhAvavAlI tathA madirApAna se pramatta pramadAe~ bhaMga karane kA prayatna kareM, taba jaise kachuA apane aMgoM ko saMvRta kara letA hai, vaise hI muni kA apane indriyavikAra ko roka kara pramadAoM ke madhura smita (muskAna), mIThI bAteM, hAvabhAvapUrvaka dekhanA-ha~sanA, madamAtI cAla Adi kAmabANoM ke prahAra ko viphala kara denA strIparISahajaya kahalAtA hai|" - ina vyAkhyAnoM meM AcAryoM ne kahA hai ki muni ke mana meM kAma-vikAra utpanna ho sakatA hai, jisase usake puruSAMga meM bhI vikAra saMbhava hai, ataH muni ko use vairAgyabhAvanA se rokanA caahie| yadi muni ko vanaspati-vizeSa kA rasa pilAkara napuMsaka banAne kA vidhAna hotA, to kAmavikAra ko vairAgyabhAvanA se rokane kA upadeza na diyA jAtA, kyoMki taba puruSAMga (liMga) meM vikAra kI utpatti saMbhava hI na hotI aura usake phalasvarUpa nAgnya-parISaha evaM strIparISaha ko parISahoM meM zAmila bhI na kiyA jaataa| isake badale caraNAnuyoga ke granthoM meM munidIkSAvidhi ke antargata yaha ullekha kiyA jAtA ki dIkSArthI ko dIkSA ke pUrva amuka-amuka oSadhi kA rasa pilAkara napuMsaka banA diyA jaay| kintu yaha ullekha kisI bhI digambaragrantha meM nahIM hai| zvetAmbaramAnya 'AcArAMga' aura 'sthAnAMga' meM bhI pUrNa acelakatA (nagnatA) ko sarvazreSTha batalAyA gayA hai aura unameM kisI bhI muni ko na to jinakalpI kahA gayA hai, na kisI ko vastralabdhi prApta hone kA kathana hai| ataH AcArAMgokta nagnaveza apanAnevAle muniyoM ke sAmane bhI puruSAMga meM vikArotpatti kI samasyA kA prasaMga AtA 90. dekhiye, tRtIya adhyAya / prathama prakaraNa / zIrSaka 7 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 5 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 131 hai / kintu ukta zvetAmbara - AgamoM meM bhI muniyoM ko oSadhi - vizeSa kA rasapilAkara napuMsaka banAne kI vyavasthA kA nirdeza nahIM hai| isake viparIta digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM ke zAstroM meM (jaise 'tattvArthasUtra' meM) muni ko 'nAgnya' evaM 'strI'parISahoM ke hone kI saMbhAvanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai tathA vairAgyabhAvanA se kAmavikAra kA nirodhakara unapara vijaya prApta karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| pUjyapAda svAmI evaM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke vacana pUrva meM uddhRta kiye jA cuke haiN| zvetAmbarAcArya zrI haribhadrasUri ne bhI likhA hai ki viziSTazrutapariNati Adi se rahita muni hI nirvastra rahane para strI ke darzana se ( puruSacihna meM vikRti utpanna hone ke kAraNa) nirlajjatA ko prApta ho sakatA hai, viziSTa zrutapariNati Adi se yukta muni nahIM-'"lajjArthaM vastraM, tadvyatirekeNAGganAdau viziSTa zrutapariNatyAdirahitasya nirlajjatopapatteH " ( hAri. vRtti / daza. vai. sU./6/19 ) / digambarajaina muni strI ke rUpa meM sadA apavitra aura bIbhatsa zava ke darzana karate haiN| isa viziSTa jJAnapariNati ke kAraNa unake mana meM vairAgyabhAva pravAhita hotA rahatA hai, phalasvarUpa kAmavikAra utpatti nahIM ho pAtI / uparyukta pramANoM se siddha hai ki zvetAmbarAcArya zrI narendrasAgara sUri kA yaha kathana ki digambara muniyoM ko vanaspati kA rasa pilAkara napuMsaka banA diyA jAtA hai, sarvathA kapolakalpita evaM durbhAvanApUrNa hai| zvetAmbarAcArya jI ne uparyukta AgamavacanoM kA avalokana nahIM kiyA aura na vanaspati kA rasa pilAkara muniyoM ko napuMsaka banAye jAne kI kriyA apanI A~khoM se dekhI hai| unhoMne AgamajJAnahIna kinhIM rathyApuruSoM se sunI huI bAta ko satya mAna liyA hai| usakI unhoMne svayaM parIkSA bhI nahIM kI / parIkSA kA kArya unhoMne buddhizAliyoM para chor3a diyA hai, jaisA ki unhoMne svayaM likhA hai - " isa bAta meM kitanA rahasya hai, usakI buddhizAlI ko hI parIkSA karanI cAhie / " (pR.20 ) / isa prakAra una AcArya jI ke hI vacanoM se siddha hai ki unake dvArA kahI huI bAta eka aphavAha hai, jo svayaM unake dvArA phailAyI gayI hai yA unake hI sampradAya ke anya logoM ke dvArA / ataH aparAjitasUri, pUjyapAda svAmI evaM bhaTTa akalaMka deva kA yaha kathana akATya hai ki nagna rahane se muni apanI indriyoM ko vaza meM karane kA dRr3ha prayatna karatA hai. aura usase usake citta kI vizuddhi prakaTa hotI hai| AjIvika sAdhu aura zvetAmbarIya AgamoM ko mAnane vAle kucha yApanIya sAdhu bhI nagna rahate the, kintu unake viSaya meM bhI yaha ullekha nahIM milatA ki unheM vanaspativizeSa kA rasa pilAkara puMstvahIna kara diyA jAtA thaa| jainetara bhAratIya sAhitya meM bhI yaha manovaijJAnika satya mAnya hai ki jisakI indriyA~ avijita haiM, vaha vastra dhAraNa For Personal & Private Use Only -

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132 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra0 5 karane para bhI nagna hai aura jisane indriyoM ko jIta liyA hai, vaha nagna rahane para bhI anagna hai| dekhiye, liMgapurANa kI yaha ukti indriyairajitairnagno dukUlenApi saMvRtaH / taireva saMvRto gupto na vastraM kAraNaM smRtam // 1 / 34 / 14 / ye pramANa siddha karate haiM ki na kevala digambaragranthoM meM, apitu zvetAmbaramAnya AgamoM meM bhI hInasaMhananadhArI puruSoM ke lie acelaliMga ko aMgIkAra karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ataH unake lie acelaliMga ke niSiddha hone kA kathana managaDhanta hai / aura yataH hInasaMhananadhAriyoM ke lie acelaliMga kA aMgIkAra bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA niSiddha nahIM hai, ataH acelaliMgadhArI sAdhuoM kI paramparAvAlA digambarajainamata nihnavamata nahIM hai, apitu tIrthaMkarapraNIta hai, yaha svataH siddha hotA hai| isase isa rahasya kA udghATana ho jAtA hai ki digambaramata ko nihnavamata siddha karane kI ceSTA ke pIche zvetAmbarAcAryoM kA ekamAtra prayojana paMcamakAla meM zvetAmbaramAnya sacelaliMga ko hI jinokta, ucita evaM anivArya ThaharAnA hai, jo satya nahIM hai, kyoMki zvetAmbaragranthoM se hI siddha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ekamAtra acelakadharma kA upadeza diyA hai| 4 digambaraparamparA meM jinaliMga Aja bhI pravartamAna jambUsvAmI ke bAda bhI jinaliMgadhArI muniyoM kI paramparA vidyamAna rahI aura Aja taka calI A rahI hai| unake bAda viSNu, nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu, ye pA~ca zrutakevalI hue / tatpazcAt kramazaH vizAkhAcArya Adi gyAraha dazapUrva - dhAriyoM ne, nakSatra Adi pA~ca ekAdazAMgadhAriyoM ne, subhadra Adi cAra daza - nava-aSTAMga dhArakoM ne tathA arhadbali, mAghanandI, dharasena, puSpadanta, bhUtabali ina pA~ca ekAMgadhArakoM evaM guNadhara ne91 jinaliMga grahaNa kara apane vizAla jinaliMgI munisaMghoM ke sAtha digambaraparamparA ko dedIpyamAna kiyaa| unake pazcAt AcArya kundakunda, zivArya, vaTTakera, gRdhrapiccha, yativRSabha, samantabhadra, svAmikumAra, pUjyapAda devanandI, siddhasena, bhaTTa akalaMka, vIrasena, jinasena, guNabhadra, amRtacandra, jayasena Adi bahuzruta digambarAcAryoM kI dIrghaparamparA avatarita huI, jinhoMne apanI amara sAhityika kRtiyoM se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza ko bhavya jIvoM taka pahu~cAne kA zlAghya kArya kiyA / vartamAna yuga meM bhI AcArya zAntisAgara jI, AcArya vIrasAgara jI, AcArya zivasAgara jI, AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI, AcArya jJAnasAgara jI, AcArya vimalasAgara jI, AcArya 91. dekhiye, nandisaMgha kI prAkRtapaTTAvalI ( SaTkhaNDAgama / pu. 1 / prastAvanA / pR.21-23) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02 / pra05 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 133 dharmasAgara jI, AcArya vidyAsAgara jI, AcArya vidyAnanda jI, AcArya vardhamAnasAgara jI, upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI Adi jaise paramapUjya digambarAcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM aura unake vizAla ziSyasamudAyoM ne jinaliMga dhAraNa kara usakI mahatI prabhAvanA kI hai aura kara rahe haiN| aneka suprasiddha bahumAnya jJAnI-dhyAnI-saMyamI-tapasvI jinaliMgI AcArya, upAdhyAya aura unake ziSya AtmasAdhanA aura dharma-prabhAvanA dvArA jinaliMga kI mahimA khyApita kara rahe haiN| vartamAna meM ina digambara AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM aura sAdhuoM kI upasthiti jinaliMgI-paramparA ke adyAvadhi avicchinna rahane kA jIvanta pramANa hai| isase sAbita hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA praNIta acelatva yA jinaliMga kA AcaraNa paMcamakAla meM acchI taraha saMbhava hai| zvetAmbaroM kA digambaramata ke prati AkarSaNa paMcamakAla meM jinaliMgagrahaNa saMbhava hone ke kAraNa hI usakI samIcInatA kA anubhava kara prAcInakAla se hI aneka zvetAmbara muni aura zrAvaka zvetAmbaraparamparA ko chor3akara digambaraparamparA meM Ate rahe haiM aura A rahe haiN| Arya mahAgiri kA ullekha pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| digambarapaMtha ko svIkAra karanevAle eka aura AcArya haiM Arya vjrsvaamii| tiloyapaNNattI meM antima prajJAzramaNa ke rUpa meM batAye gaye vajrayaza nAma ke AcArya se Arya vajrasUri ke abhinna hone kI saMbhAvanA mAnya DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI jaina ne vyakta kI hai| (SaTkhaNDAgama/ pustaka 2/ prastAvanA / pRSTha 34-40) / " 92 zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI ne bhI digambara vajramuni aura zvetAmbara Aryavajra ko eka hI vyakti batalAyA hai| ve likhate haiM "zvetAmbara-paramparA kI taraha digambara-paramparA ke 'upAsakAdhyayana' aura hariSeNakRta 'vRhatkathAkoza' meM bhI prabhAvanA aMga kA varNana karate hue vajramuni kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM vajramuni ko vividha vidyAoM kA jJAtA aura dharma kA prabhAvaka mAnA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM etadviSayaka jo antara athavA samAnatA hai vaha saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai "zvetAmbara-paramparA meM Arya vajra ke pitA kA nAma dhanagiri aura mAtA kA nAma sunandA batAyA gayA hai, jabaki digambarasAhitya meM Arya vajra ko purohita somadeva aura yajJadattA kA putra batAyA hai| digambaraparamparA ke uparyukta donoM granthoM meM ullekha hai ki jisa samaya Arya vajra garbha meM the, usa samaya unakI mAtA yajJadattA ko Amraphala 92. guruparamparA se prApta digambara jaina Agama : eka itihAsa / pRSTha 62 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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134 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02 / pra05 khAne kA dohada utpanna huaa| usa samaya Amraphala kI Rtu nahIM thii| dohada kI pUrti na ho sakane ke kAraNa yajJadattA dina-pratidina durbala hone lgii| somadeva ko apanI garbhiNI patnI ke kRSakAya hone kA kAraNa jJAta huA, to vaha bar3e asamaMjasa meM par3a gyaa| antatogatvA vaha apane kucha chAtroM ke sAtha Amraphala kI khoja meM ghara se niklaa| vaha aneka AmranikuMjoM, vanoM aura udyAnoM meM ghUmatA phirA, kintu asamaya meM Amraphala kahA~ se prApta hotA? para somadeva hatAza nahIM huA, vaha Age bar3hatA hI gyaa| eka dina vaha eka vikaTa vana meM phuNcaa| usa vana ke madhyabhAga meM usane eka saghana AmravRkSa ke nIce baiThe hue eka tapasvI zramaNa ko dekhaa| yaha dekha kara usake harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA ki vaha AmravRkSa bar3e-bar3e evaM pakva AmraphaloM se ladA huA hai| Amra kI Rtu nahIM hote hue bhI AmravRkSa ko AmraphaloM se ladA dekha kara somadeva ne use muni ke tapasteja kA prabhAva samajhA aura bhaktivibhora hokara usane muni ke caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakha diyaa| somadeva ne apane sAtha Aye hue chAtroM meM se eka chAtra ke sAtha apanI patnI ke pAsa Amraphala bheja diyA aura zeSa chAtroM ke sAtha muni kI sevA meM baiThakara upadeza-zravaNa karane lgaa| muni ke tyAga-vairAgyapUrNa upadeza aura unase apane pUrvabhava ke vRttAnta ko suna kara somadeva ko jAtismaraNa-jJAna ho gyaa| bhISaNa bhavATavI ke bhayAvaha bhavaprapaMca se mukta hone kI eka tIvra utkaNThA usake antara meM udbhUta huI aura usane tatkSaNa samasta sAMsArika jhaMjhaToM ko eka hI jhaTake meM tor3a kara una avadhijJAnI sumitra muni ke pAsa nigraMtha-zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa krlii| somadeva ke sAtha Aye hue chAtra ahichatra nagara kI aura lauTa gye| eka chAtra ke sAtha Aye Amra se yajJadattA kA dohadapUrNa ho gyaa| bAda meM Aye chAtroM ke mukha se apane pati ke pravajita hone kA samAcAra suna kara yajJadattA ko bar3A duHkha huaa| garbhakAla kI samApti para yajJadattA ne tejasvI putra ko janma diyaa| "unhIM dinoM muni somadeva apane guru sumitrAcArya ke sAtha vicaraNa karate hue sopAraka nagara aaye| muni somadeva guru kI AjJA le pAsa hI ke parvata para pahu~ce aura vahA~ eka zilA para khar3e ho sUrya kI AtApanA lete hue dhyAnamagna ho gye| yajJadattA ko jaba yaha vidita huA ki muni somadeva nikaTastha parvata para sUrya kI AtApanA le rahe haiM, to vaha navajAta zizu ko lekara usa parvata para muni ke pAsa phuNcii| usane bar3I hI anunaya-vinayapUrvaka somadeva ko eka bAra apane tejasvI putra kI ora dekhane tathA ghara lauTa kara apane gArhasthyabhAra ko vahana karane kI prArthanA kii| bar3I dera taka anunaya-vinaya karane ke pazcAt bhI jaba usane dekhA ki muni somadeva ne ghara calanA to dUra, apane putra kI ora A~kha uThA kara bhI nahIM dekhA hai, to usane kuddha ho AkrozapUrNa svara meM kahA-"o mere mana ko jalA DAlanevAle For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02 / pra0 5 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 135 pASANahRdaya, mUrkha, vaMcaka ! isa digambaraveSa ko svecchA se chor3a kara mere sAtha ghara calatA ho to cala, anyathA samhAla apane isa putra ko / " itanA kahane para bhI muni ko nizcalabhAva se dhyAnamagna dekha kara yajJadattA ne apane usa kusumakomala navajAta putra ko muni ke caraNoM para liTA diyA aura svayaM apane ghara kI ora lauTa gii| " sUrya ke pracaNDa tApa se zilA jala rahI thii| pairoM para se pratapta zilA para girane se bAlaka kA kahIM prANAnta na ho jAya, isa karuNApUrNa AzaMkA se muni somadeva apane pairoM ko viSTara kI taraha banAye acala mudrAM meM khar3e rhe| muni ne mana hI mana dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA ki jaba taka vaha upasarga samApta nahIM ho jAyagA, taba taka AhArAdi grahaNa karanA to dUra, zarIra ko kiMcinmAtra bhI hilAe~ge - DulAe~ge taka nahIM / muni isa prakAra kA abhigraha kara punaH dhyAnamagna ho gaye / " yajJadattA ke lauTane ke thor3I hI dera pazcAt bhAskaradeva nAmaka vidyAdhararAja apanI patnI ke sAtha munidarzana hetu vahA~ pahu~cA / jaba usane sundara, svastha aura tejasvI zizu ko muni ke pairoM para leTe hue dekhA, to munivandana ke pazcAt usane use uThA kara apanI patnI kI goda meM dete hue kahA - " dharmiSThe ! lo, munidarzana ke tAtkAlika sukhada phala ke rUpa meM hama santativihInoM ko yaha putra mila gayA hai|" sUrya kI prakhara razmiyoM kI jvAlAmAlA kA usa zizu para koI prabhAva nahIM par3A thA, isa kAraNa vidyAdharadampatI ne bAlaka kA nAma 'vajra' rkhaa| unhoMne vajra ko apanA putra ghoSita karate hue bar3e dulAra ke sAtha usakA lAlana-pAlana kiyA / zikSAyogya vaya meM vajra ko samucita zikSA dilAne tathA camatkArapUrNa vidyAe~ sikhAne kI vyavasthA kI gii| " digambara - paramparA meM zvetAmbara - paramparA kI taraha Arya vajra kA sAdhusaMgha meM rahanA nahIM mAnA gayA hai| bRhatkathAkoza ke anusAra pavanavegA nAma kI eka vidyAdhara kanyA ke sAtha aura upAsakAdhyayana ke anusAra indumatI aura pavanavegA nAmaka do kanyAoM ke sAtha vajrakumAra kA vivAha honA mAnA gayA hai| " uparyukta donoM granthoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki aneka varSoM taka gArhasthyajIvana, kA sukhopabhoga karane ke pazcAt eka dina vajrakumAra ko apane mitrajanoM se yaha vidita huA ki bhAskaradeva usake pitA nahIM, apitu pAlaka mAtra haiM / vastutaH usake pitA to somadeva haiM, jo usake janma se pahale hI muni bana cuke haiN| vastu-sthiti se paricita hote hI vajrakumAra ne pratijJA kara DAlI ki vaha apane pitA ke darzana kiye binA anna-jala grahaNa nahIM kregaa| bhAskaradeva tatkAla vajrakumAra ko sAtha lekara muni somadeva ke darzanoM ke liye prasthita huA / darzana-va - vandana ke pazcAt muni ke tyAga-virAgapUrNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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136 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra05 upadeza ko sunakara vajrakumAra ko saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura unhoMne usI samaya somadeva muni ke pAsa nigraMtha zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| "zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM Arya vajra ko cAraNaRddhi-sampanna muni mAnA gayA hai aura donoM paramparAoM ke madhyayugIna kathAsAhitya meM unake dvArA AkAzagAminI vidyA ke adbhuta camatkArapUrNa kAryoM se jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kiye jAne ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| "digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM Arya vajra ke praguru kA nAma sumitra aura guru kA nAma somadeva batAyA gayA hai, jaba ki zvetAmbara-paramparA inheM jAtismaraNa-jJAnadhArI Arya siMhagiri kA ziSya mAnatI hai| nAma, sthAna Adi viSayaka katipaya vibhinnatAoM ke uparAnta bhI Arya vajra ke pitA dvArA vajra ke janma se anumAnataH 6 mAsa pUrva hI pravrajyA grahaNa karane, mAtA dvArA unheM unake pitA ko de diye jAne, Arya vajra ke gaganavihArI hone, jainoM ke sAtha bauddhoM dvArA kI gaI dhArmika utsava-viSayaka pratispardhA meM Arya vajra dvArA jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke manorathoM kI pUrti ke sAtha jina-zAsana kI mahimA bar3hAne Adi Arya vajra ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM evaM sampUrNa kathAvastu kI mUla AtmA meM donoM paramparAoM kA paryApta sAmya hai, jo yaha mAnane ke liye AdhAra prastuta karatA hai ki Arya vajra ke samaya taka jainasaMgha meM pRthaktaH 'zvetAmbara tathA digambara' isa prakAra kA bheda utpanna nahIM huA thaa| "donoM paramparAoM ke mAnya ye muni nizcitarUpa se ve hI vajramuni haiM, jo vIranirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue AryarakSita ke vidyAguru the| paramparAbheda ke prakaTa hone kA itihAsa bhI isI bAta ko pramANita karatA hai| kAraNa ki zvetAmbaraparamparA kI mAnyatAnusAra zvetAmbara-digambara-paramparA kA spaSTa bheda Arya vajra ke svargagamana ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 609 meM aura digambara-paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM mAnA gayA hai|" (jai.dha.mau.i./ bhA.2/ pR.582-585)| AcArya zrI hastImala jI ne vajramuni aura Aryavajra (I0 pU0 31-I0 57) ke ekatva ko unake samaya taka digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda na hone kA pramANa mAnA hai| kintu , vastutaH yaha zvetAmbara Aryavajra kA digambaramata svIkAra karane kA pramANa hai, kyoMki digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda to jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI ho gayA thA, isakA sapramANa pratipAdana SaSTha adhyAya meM draSTavya hai| DaoN0 ema0 DI0 vasantarAja kA kathana hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAmI bhI zvetAmbara-paramparA se digambara-paramparA meM Aye the| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM unakA For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra05 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 137 AdaraNIya sthAna hone tathA tattvArthasUtra kI viSayavastu digambara-paramparA ke anurUpa hone se yaha saMketa milatA hai|93 nATaka samayasAra ke kartA suprasiddha kavi paM0 banArasIdAsa jI (17vIM zatI I0) janmanA zvetAmbara the| unhoMne kharataragacchI zvetAmbarAcArya zrI bhAnucandra se zikSA prApta kI thii| unhoMne jaba AcArya kundakunda kA 'samayasAra' par3hA, taba unheM digambara AmnAya meM zraddhA huI aura pazcAt gommaTasAra kA pravacana sunakara ve digambaramata ke anuyAyI bana gye|" bIsavIM zatAbdI I0 ke sthAnakavAsI zvetAmbara sAdhu zrI kahAna jI bhI samayasAra ke adhyAtmavAda se prabhAvita hokara digambara zrAvaka bana gaye the| unake sAtha unake saikar3oM zvetAmbara zrAvaka-ziSyoM ne bhI digambaramata svIkAra kara liyA thaa| bIsavIM zatAbdI I0 ke hI digambarAcArya zrI zivasAgara jI ke ziSya zrI zrutasAgara jI bhI janmanA zvetAmbara the, unakI putrI ne bhI digambara AmnAya meM AryikA dIkSA grahaNa kI hai| digambara-AryikA zrI vizAlamati ne bhI zvetAmbara parivAra meM janma liyA thaa| muMbaI ke kaI zvetAmbara parivAra suprasiddha digambarAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke anuyAyI bana gaye haiN| unakI putriyoM ne AjIvana brahmacaryavrata grahaNa kiyA hai aura bhaviSya meM AryikAvrata dhAraNa karane kA abhyAsa kara rahI haiN| sukhakara zvetAmbaramArga ke anuyAyI santoM aura zrAvakoM kA klezakara digambaramArga ke prati yaha AkarSaNa bhI siddha karatA hai ki hInasaMhananadhArI paMcamakAlIna puruSa acelaliMga ke AcaraNa ke ayogya nahIM haiN| ataH ayogya kahakara unake lie acelaliMga yA jinaliMga ko niSiddha ThaharAnA durabhisandhipUrNa Agamaviruddha ceSTA hai| 93. guruparamparA se prApta digambara jainAgama : eka itihAsa / pRSTha 65 / 94. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA / khaNDa 4/ pR.251 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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SaSTha prakaraNa sagrantha ke lie 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga itihAsaviruddha bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'grantha' zabda kA prayoga moharAgAdi antaraMgabhAvoM evaM vastrapAtrAdi bAhyadravyoM ke artha meM kiyA hai| ataH 'nirgrantha' zabda ina donoM prakAra ke parigraha se rahita sarvathA acela, nagna, digambarasAdhu kA vAcaka hai| isIlie bauddhasampradAya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra nigaMThanATaputta (nirgranthanAthaputra / nirgranthajJAtaputra) ke nAma se prasiddha hue the aura unakA anuyAyI zramaNasaMgha nirgranthasaMgha kahalAyA thaa| vaidikasAhitya, saMskRtasAhitya, zabdakozoM aura zilAlekhoM meM bhI nirgrantha zabda digambarajaina sAdhuoM ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| jambU svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt jaba isa saMgha ke kucha sAdhuoM ne vastrapAtrAdiparigraha grahaNakara zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha nAma se alaga saMgha banA liyA, taba ve 'nirgrantha' nAma ke adhikArI nahIM rahe, kintu apane ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA uttarAdhikArI siddha karane ke lie unhoMne isa nAma kA apaharaNa kara liyA aura isakI apane anukUla vyAkhyA kara ddaalii| unhoMne vastrapAtrAdi-bAhyaparigraha ko grantha kI paribhASA se bAhara kara diyA aura kevala moharAgadveSarUpa athavA mUrchArUpa Abhyantaraparigraha ko parigraha yA 'grantha' kahakara svayaM ko nirgrantha ghoSita kara diyaa|5 kintu vastrapAtrAdi-parigrahadhArI puruSa nirgrantha zabda ke vyavahAra ke adhikArI nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha vastrapAtrAdi-parigraharahita digambarajaina muniyoM aura unake sampradAya kI paramparAgata itihAsa-siddha saMjJA hai| yaha digambarajaina-sAhitya, bauddhasAhitya, vaidikasAhitya, saMskRtasAhitya, zabdakoSa evaM zilAlekha-tAmrapatralekha, ina samasta aitihAsika pramANoM se siddha hai| ye aitihAsika pramANa siddha karate haiM ki kama se kama gautamabuddha ke jIvanakAla (IsApUrva chaThI zatAbdI) se 'nirgrantha' zabda vastrapAtrAdi-samasta-parigraha se rahita digambarajaina muniyoM aura unake sampradAya ke lie hI prasiddha hai| ukta pramANa Age prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM digambaragranthoM meM 'nirgrantha' zabda 'sarvathA acela' kA vAcaka jinAgama meM parigraha ko 'grantha' kahA gayA hai|6 yaha do prakAra kA hai : abhyantara 95. jaMpi vatthaM vA pAyaM vA kaMbalaM paaypuNchnnN| taMpi saMjamalajjaTThA dhAraMti pariharaMti a|| 6/19 // na so pariggaho vutto nAyaputteNa taainnaa| mucchA pariggaho vutto ia vutto mhesinnaa|| 6/20 // dazavaikAlikasUtra / 96. "parigrahaH SaDjIvanikAyapIDAyA mUlaM mUrchAnimittaM ceti sakalagranthatyAgo bhavatIti paJcamaM vrtm|" vijayodayATIkA / bhagavatI-ArAdhanA / Acelakku'/gA. 423/ pR.331 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 6 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 139 aura bAhya / mithyAtva, cAra kaSAya tathA nau nokaSAya, ye caudaha abhyantara grantha haiM aura kSetra, vAstu, dhana, dhAnya, dvipada, catuSpada, yAna, zayana - Asana, kupya (vastra) aura bhANDa ( vartana ) ye dasa bAhya grantha / 97 caudaha prakAra ke abhyantara-grantha ke tyAga se svAtmarUpa prakaTa hotA hai aura dasa prakAra ke bAhyagrantha ke parityAga se nagnatva / ina donoM ko kramazaH nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya se yathAjAtarUpa kahA gayA hai| ataH nizcayanaya se svAtmarUpa ko tathA vyavahAranaya se nagnatva ko dhAraNa karanevAlA nirgrantha kahalAtA hai, jaisA ki AcArya jayasena ne kahA hai "vyavahAreNa nagnatvaM yathAjAtarUpaM, nizcayena tu svAtmarUpaM taditthaMbhUtaM yathAjAtarUpaM dharatIti yathAjAtarUpadharaH nirgranthaH / " (tA.vR./ pra.sA./ gA.3/4) / yataH vastrAdi- bAhyagrantha ke tyAga se abhyantaragrantha kA tyAga sUcita hotA hai, ataH nagnatA nirgrantha hone kA bAhya lakSaNa hai / isIlie AcArya jayasena ne kahA hai"vastrAdiparigraharahitatvena nirgranthaH / " (tA.vR./ pra.sA./gA. 3 / 69) / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM grantha zabda kA prayoga vizeSarUpa se 'vastra' ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai-- anuvAda - " zarIra indriyamaya hai / grantha kA grahaNa manuSya dehasukha ke lie hI karatA hai| isalie jo grantha kA grahaNa karatA hai, vaha indriyasukha kA abhilASI hai, yaha siddha hotA hai / " iMdiyamayaM sarIraM gaMthaM gehadi ya dehasukkhatthaM / iMdiyasuhAbhilAso gaMthaggahaNeNa to siddho // 1157 // aparAjitasUri ne isa gAthA kI TIkA meM 'grantha' zabda kA artha 'cAdara Adi vastra' kiyA hai / yathA "parigrahaM ca celaprAvaraNAdikamindriyasukhArthameva gRhNAti vAtAtapAdyanabhimatasparzaniSedhAya / " (vi.TI./ bha.A./gA. 1157) / anuvAda - " vastra, prAvaraNa Adi kA grahaNa manuSya indriyasukha ke lie arthAt havA, dhUpa Adi apriya sparza se bacane ke lie hI karatA hai / " 97. micchattavedarAgA taheva hassAdiyA ya chaddosA / cattAri taha kasAyA codasa abbhaMtarA gaMthA // 407 // khettaM vatthu dhaNadhaNNagadaM dupadacaduppadagadaM ca / jANa - sayaNAsaNANi ya kuppe bhaMDesu dasa hoMti // 408 // mUlAcAra / For Personal & Private Use Only

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140 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra06 bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI nimnalikhita gAthA meM havA, dhUpa, zIta, daMzamazaka Adi kI bAdhA sahane ke lie jo vastra tyAga detA hai use nirgrantha kahA gayA hai jamhA NiggaMtho so vaadaadvsiiddNs-msyaannN| sahadi yA vividhA bAdhA teNa sadehe annaadrdaa|| 1166 // AcArya kundakunda ne acelatvapradhAna aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM meM dIkSita (pra.sA./3 / 8-9) yathAjAtarUpadhara (jadhajAdarUvajAdaM-pra.sA/3/5) muni ko nirgrantharUpa se dIkSita kahA hai-"NiggaMtho pvvido|" (pr.saa.3/69)| isa prakAra AcArya kundakunda, unake granthoM ke vRttikAra AcArya jayasena, bhagavatIArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya aura usake TIkAkAra aparAjitasUri ne nagna muni ko hI 'nirgrantha' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI nagna rahane ke kAraNa hI 'nirgrantha' yA 'nigaMTha' nAma se prasiddha hue the| isIlie bauddha sAhitya meM unakA nigaMThanATaputta nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna bauddha grantha aMguttaranikAya meM nigaMThoM ko ahirikA (ahrIka) arthAt 'nirlajja' kahA gayA hai, jo unake nagna rahane kA sUcaka hai| isake atirikta divyAvadAna, dhammapadaaTThakathA, AryazUrakRta jAtakamAlA, dAThAvaMsa Adi bauddhagranthoM meM nirgrantha zabda kA prayoga nagna jainasAdhu ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai|8 pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke varAhamihira ne 'bRhajjAtaka' aura 'laghujAtaka' meM nagna jaina sAdhuoM ko hI 'nirgrantha' saMjJA dI hai| jAbAlopaniSad, vAyupurANa (vaidika), padmapurANa, matsyapurANa, kUrmapurANa, brahmANDapurANa Adi meM nirgrantha zabda se digambaramuni hI saMketita kiye gaye hai|99 abhilekhoM meM 'nirgrantha' zabda digambarajaina muni kA vAcaka samrATa azoka ne apane sAtaveM stambhalekha (242 I0 pU0) meM likhavAyA hai ki usane sabhI dhArmika sampradAyoM tathA brAhmaNoM, AjIvikoM aura nigraMthoM ke kalyANakArI kAryoM kI dekharekha ke lie dharmamahAmAtya kI niyukti kI hai "dhaMmamahAmAtApi me te bahuvidhesu aThesu Anugahikesu viyApaTA se pavajItAnaM ceva gihithAnaM ca sava-pAsaMDesu --- bAbhanesu AjIvikesu --- nigaMThesu pi me 98. dekhie , caturtha adhyAya / dvitIya prkrnn| 99. dekhie , caturtha adhyAya / prathama prkrnn| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra06 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 141 kaTe ime viyApaTA hohNti|" (dillI / ToparA / stambhalekha/ kra.1/ jai.zi.saM./ mA.ca./ bhaa.2)|100 yahA~ 'nigaMTha' zabda se 'digambarajaina muni' artha hI abhipreta hai, yaha pA~cavIM zatI I0 (470-490 I0)101 ke kadambavaMzIya rAjAoM, zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA evaM mRgezavarmA ke nimnalikhita abhilekhoM se pramANita hai| yathA 1. "dharmamahArAjaH kadambAnAM zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA kAlavaGgagrAmaM tridhA vibhajya dttvaan| atra pUrvamarhacchAlAparamapuSkalasthAnanivAsibhyaH bhagavadarhanmahAjinendradevatAbhyaH eko bhAgaH, dvitIyorhatproktasaddharmakaraNaparasya zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaGghopabhogAya, tRtIyo nirgrnthmhaashrmnnsngghopbhogaayeti|" (devagiri-tAmrapatralekha / kra.98 / jai.zi.saM./ mA. ca./ bhA. 2) / anuvAda-"kadambavaMzIya dharmamahArAja zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ne kAlavaGga nAmaka grAma tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara dAna kiyaa| sarvaprathama usakA eka bhAga arhat-zAlA ke paramapuSkala-sthAna meM virAjita bhagavAn-arhat-mahAjinendradeva ke lie diyA, dUsarA bhAga arahanta dvArA upadiSTa saddharma kA AcaraNa karane meM tatpara zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha ke upabhoga ke lie aura tIsarA bhAga nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha ke upabhoga ke lie diyaa|" 2. "zrIzAntivaravarmeti rAjA --- tatpriyajyeSThatanayaH zrImRgezanarAdhipaH svAryake nRpatau bhaktyA kArayitvA jinAlayam zrIvijayapalAzikAyAM yApani (nI)-yanirgranthakUrcakAnAM svavaijayike aSTame vaizAkhe saMvatsare kArtikapaurNamAsyAm --- dattavAn bhgvdbhyo'rhdbhyH|" (halsI-tAmrapatralekha / kra.99 / jai.shi.sN./maa.c./bhaa.2)| yaha rAjA zAntivarmA ke jyeSTha putra mRgezavarmA ke dAnapatra kA aMza hai| isa dAnapatra meM likhA hai ki mRgezavarmA ne apane svargavAsI pitA ke prati bhakti ke karaNa palAzikA nAmaka nagara meM jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAkara apanI vijaya ke AThaveM varSa meM kArtika kI paurNamAsI ke dina yApanIyoM, nirgranthoM aura kUrcakoM ke lie bhUmidAna kiyA hai| kUrcaka bhI jainoM kA hI eka sampradAya thaa| ina abhilekhoM meM zvetAmbaroM ke lie zvetapaTa, yApanIyoM ke lie yApanIya aura kUrcakoM ke lie kUrcaka zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| aba digambara hI zeSa rahate 100. dehalI-ToparA meM sAta stambhalekha haiN| unameM yaha saptama stambhalekha hai| (dekhie , DaoN. zivasvarUpasahAya : 'bhAratIya purAlekhoM kA adhyyn'| motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| tRtIya saMskaraNa /2000 I0 / pR. 129-130) / 101. jaina zilAlekha saMgaha / mANikacandra / bhA.3/ prastAvanA : DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI / pR.23 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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142 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra06 haiN| ataH siddha hai ki nirgrantha zabda digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| yaha bAta DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI svIkAra kI hai| ve likhate haiM "dakSiNa bhArata ke devagiri aura halsI ke abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki IsA kI pA~cavI zatI ke uttarArdha meM dakSiNabhArata meM nirgrantha, yApanIya, kUrcaka aura zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha kA astitva thaa| dakSiNabhArata kA yaha nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha bhadrabAhu (prathama) kI paramparA ke una acela zramaNoM kA saMgha thA, jo IsApUrva kI tIsarI zatI meM bihAra se ur3IsA ke rAste laMkA aura tamilapradeza meM pahu~ce the| usa samaya uttara bhArata meM jainasaMgha isI nAma se jAnA jAtA thA aura usameM gaNa, zAkhA kA vibhAjana nahIM huA thA, ataH ye zramaNa bhI apane ko isI 'nirgrantha' nAma se abhihita karate rhe|---yh nirgranthasaMgha, yApanIya, kUrcaka aura zvetapaTasaMgha se pRthak thA, yaha tathya bhI halsI aura devagiri ke abhilekhoM se siddha hai, kyoMki inameM use inase pRthak dikhalAyA gayA hai aura taba taka isakA 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma supracalita thaa|" (DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha / 1998 I0 / pRSTha 632) / IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI (479 I0) meM hI utkIrNa pahAr3apura tAmrapatra meM paMcastUpanikAya ke zramaNoM ko nirgrantha kahA gayA hai "kAzika-paJcastUpanikAyika-nirgranthazramaNAcArya-guhanandiziSya-praziSyAdhiSThitavihAre bhagavatAmarhatAM gandha-dhUpa-sumanodIpAdyarthantalavaTakanimittaM ca a (ta) eva vttgohaaliito---|" ( pahAr3apura - tAmrapatra lekha / kra.19 / jai.zi.saM./ bhA.jA./ bhaa.4)| isa abhilekha kA sArAMza batalAte hue DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara likhate haiM"yaha tAmrapatra guptavarSa 159 ke mAghamAsa ke 7 veM dina likhA gayA thaa| brAhmaNa nAthazarmA tathA usakI patnI rAmI ne puNDravardhana ke rAjakoSa meM tIna dInAra dekara Der3ha kulyavApa jamIna prApta kii|--- kAzI ke paJcastUpanikAya ke nirgrantha zramaNoM ke AcArya guhanandI ke ziSya-praziSyoM kA eka vihAra vaTagohAlI meM thaa| vahA~ bhagavAn arhat kI pUjA ke lie gandha, dhUpa, phUla, dIpa Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie yaha jamIna nAthazarmA tathA rAmI ne dAna dii|" (jai.zi.saM./ bhA.jA./ bhA.4 / pR.9)| isa paJcastUpanikAya meM dhavalATIkAkAra vIrasenasvAmI aura unake ziSya jinasena hue the| isakA paricaya dete hue DaoN0 gulAbacadra jI caudharI ne likhA hai-"navamI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM (san 898 ke pahale) uttarapurANa ke racayitA guNabhadra ne apane guru jinasena aura dAdAguru vIrasena ko senAnvaya kA kahA hai| para jinasena aura vIrasena ne jayadhavalA ora dhavalATIkA meM apane vaMza ko paMcastUpAnvaya likhA hai| yaha paMcastUpAnvaya IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM nirgranthasampradAya ke sAdhuoM kA eka saMgha thA, yaha bAta For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02 / pra0 6 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 143 pahAr3apura (jilA rAjazAhI, baMgAla) se prApta eka lekha se mAlUma hotI hai| paJcastUpAnvaya kA senAnvaya ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama ullekha guNabhadra ne, saMbhava hai apane guruoM ke senAnta nAma ko dekhate hue kiyA hai / " ( prastAvanA / pR.43 - 44 / jai.zi.saM. / mA.ca / bhA. 3 ) / paJcastUpanikAya ke sAtha bhI 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' grantha ke lekhaka chala karane kI koziza kI hai| ve likhate haiM- "pahAr3apura (baMgAla) ke eka abhilekha meM kAzI ke paMcastUpAnvaya kA ullekha huA hai / yaha saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki uttarabhArata meM apane prAraMbhikakAla meM yApanIya paramparA apane ko AryakulabhadrAnvaya aura paMcastUpAnvaya ke nAma se abhihita karatI ho / " (pR.20-21 ) / yaha dina ke ujAle ke samAna spaSTa hai ki dhavalAkAra vIrasena aura unake ziSya jinasena jaise kaTTara digambarAcAryoM ne apane ko paMcastUpAnvaya kA kahA hai, tathA uparyukta abhilekha meM guhanandI ke sAtha 'nirgrantha' vizeSaNa kA prayoga huA hai, jo unheM spaSTataH yApanIyoM se bhinna digambaraparamparA kA siddha karatA hai, jisake gavAha zrIvijayazivamRgezavarman aura mRgezavarman ke pUrvokta abhilekha haiM / ina pramANoM se siddha hai ki paMcastUpAnvaya digambaraparamparA kA anvaya thA / phira bhI ukta granthalekhaka ne yaha saMzaya utpanna karane kI ceSTA kI hai ki ho sakatA hai paMcastUpAnvaya yApanIyaparamparA kA pUrvanAma ho / yaha pramANoM ko tAka para rakha, jijJAsuoM kI A~khoM meM saMbhAvanAoM aura aTakaloM kI dhUla jhauMkakara digambaraparamparA ko balAt arvAcIna siddha karane kA chalapUrNa prayAsa hai| ye abhilekha isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI taka 'nirgrantha' zabda sarvathA acela (nagna) rahanevAle digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie hI prasiddha thA, ataH azoka ke stambhAbhilekha meM ullikhita 'nirgrantha' zabda digambarajaina muniyoM kA hI vAcaka hai| ina abhilekhoM se eka bAta aura spaSTa hotI hai ki pA~cavIM zatI I0 taka zvetAmbaroM ke lie 'zvetapaTa' zabda to pracalita thA, kintu digambaroM ke lie 'digambara' zabda pracalita nahIM huA thaa| ve 'nirgrantha' zabda se hI jAne jAte the| isase siddha hotA hai ki digambara- paramparA hI bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA praNIta mUla paramparA hai, isalie 'mUlasaMgha' zabda bhI usI kA nAmAntara hai| sara ema0 moniyara viliamsa kI saMskRtaiMgliza DikzanarI meM bhI nirgrantha zabda kA artha a naked Jaina mendicant (nagna jaina sAdhu) diyA gayA hai / ina sAhityika, zabdakozIya aura abhilekhIya pramANoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 'nirgrantha' zabda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se hI digambara jaina muniyoM kI pahacAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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144 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra06 rahA hai| ataH zvetAmbara muniyoM ke dvArA apane lie isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAnA nyAyocita nahIM hai| yaha na kevala saiddhAntika bhrama utpanna karane kI ceSTA hai, apitu digambara muniyoM kI aitihAsika pahacAna miTAne kA bhI prayAsa hai| ___'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' ke TIkAkAra zrI aparAjitasUri ne isa ceSTA para bar3I cubhatI TippaNI kI hai| ve likhate haiM "celapariveSTitAGga AtmAnaM nirgranthaM yo vadettasya kimapare pASaNDino na nirgranthAH? vayameva, na te nirgranthA iti vADmAnaM nAdriyate mdhysthaiH|" (vi.TI/bha. A. / gA. 'Acelakkuddesiya' 423 /pR.323)| anuvAda-"jo vastradhAraNa karate hue bhI apane ko nirgrantha kahatA hai, usake anusAra kyA anya sampradAya ke sAdhu nirgrantha siddha nahIM hote? avazya hote haiN| hama hI nirgrantha haiM, ve nahIM, yaha to kathanamAtra hai| madhyasthapuruSa ise svIkAra nahIM krte| tAtparya yaha ki vastradhArI ko nirgrantha kahane se sabhI vastradhArI nirgrantha kahalAne lageMge, taba sagrantha aura nirgrantha ke bheda kA koI AdhAra hI nahIM rhegaa| ataH sagrantha aura nirgrantha ke bheda kA bAhya AdhAra vastradhAraNa karanA aura na karanA (sarvathA nagna rahanA) hI hai| sarvArthasiddhikAra pUjyapAdasvAmI ne sagrantha hote hue bhI apane ko nirgrantha kahanevAloM ko viparIta-mithyAdRSTi kahA hai-"sagrantho nirgranthaH, kevalI kavalAhArI, strI sidhyatItyevamAdiH viparyayaH" (8/1) / 3 DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ke mata meM parivartana IsApUrva caturtha zatI se digambarasaMgha hI 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha pUrva (prakaraNa 3 / zIrSaka 5) meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ke ve navIna vacana uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, jinameM unhoMne apanI mAnyatA meM parivartana kara yaha mAna liyA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA nirgranthasaMgha sarvathA acela thaa| isa taraha yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya se jo acela zramaNasaMgha nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha calA A rahA thA, vahI vartamAna meM digambarasaMgha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| pUrva (isI prakaraNa ke zIrSaka 2) meM DaoNkTara sA0 ke ve vacana bhI uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, jinameM unhoMne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki IsApUrva tIsarI zatI meM102 bhadrabAhu (prathama) kI 102. IsApUrva cauthI zatI kahanA cAhie thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 2 / pra0 6 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 145 paramparA kA jo zramaNasaMgha uttarabhArata se dakSiNa gayA thA, vaha bhI apane ko nirgranthasaMgha kahatA thA, kyoMki usa samaya uttarabhArata meM jainasaMgha isI nAma se jAnA jAtA thA / DaoNkTara sA0 ke kathanAnusAra yaha acela nirgranthasaMgha IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka nirgranthasaMgha ke hI nAma se vikhyAta thA, kyoMki pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke devagiri evaM halsI ke tAmrapatralekhoM meM isI nAma se isakA ullekha hai| DaoNkTara sA0 ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki "Aja kI digambaraparamparA kA pUrvaja yahI dakSiNI acela nirgranthasaMgha hai / " ( dekhiye, pUrva prakaraNa 3 / zI. 5) / isase siddha ho jAtA hai ki digambarasaMgha hI IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI se aura vastutaH tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya se nirgranthasaMgha nAma se prasiddha rahA hai| 4 IsApUrva caturtha zatI se zvetAmbarasaMgha 'zvetapaTasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne likhA hai ki " dakSiNa kA acela -nirgranthasaMgha bhadrabAhu ( prathama ) kI paramparA se aura uttara kA sacela-nirgranthasaMgha sthUlabhadra kI paramparA se vikasita huA / " (dekhiye, pUrva prakaraNa 3 / zI. 5) / kintu, nirgranthasaMgha ke aise acela aura sacela do bheda kisI bhI zilAlekha athavA kisI bhI sampradAya ke sAhitya meM nahIM milte| IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke bauddhagrantha apadAna meM sacela - jaina zramaNasaMgha ko zvetavastrasaMgha nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai aura IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke devagiritAmrapatralekha meM usakA ullekha zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha nAma se huA hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki sthUlabhadra kI paramparA se vikasita sacela - jaina zramaNasaMgha unake samaya ( IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI) se lekara IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka zvetapaTa zramaNasaMgha nAma se hI jAnA jAtA thaa| Aja bhI vaha isI nAma yA isake paryAyavAcI zvetAmbarasaMgha nAma se prasiddha hai| DaoNkTara sA0 ne isI prakaraNa 6 ke zIrSaka 2 meM jo kathana kiyA hai, usase nirgranthasaMgha se pRthak hokara astitva meM Aye sacela - zramaNasaMgha ke lie 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma ke prayoga kA aucitya siddha karanevAlA unakA tarka bhI sAmane AtA hai| vaha yaha ki 'IsApUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM uttarabhArata meM jainasaMgha 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se hI jAnA jAtA thA / aura sacela- zramaNasaMgha jaina thA, isalie usakA 'nirgrantha' nAma ucita hai|' yaha tarka samIcIna nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki usa samaya jainasaMgha 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se jAnA jAtA thA, kintu yaha smaraNIya hai ki vaha jainasaMgha kevala acela - zramaNoM kA saMgha thaa| isalie 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma acela - jainasaMgha hI jAnA jAtA thaa| ataH jaba sacela - jainasaMgha kI utpatti huI, taba usane apanI sacela - jainasaMgha ke rUpa meM pahacAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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146 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra06 karAne ke lie svayaM ko 'zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha kiyaa| taba isa nAma se sacela-jainasaMgha jainasampradAya ke eka upasampradAya ke rUpa meM jAnA jAne lgaa| apane lie isa naye nAma kA prayoga hI siddha karatA hai ki sacela-jainazramaNoM ke saMgha ke lie 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma upayukta nahIM thaa| isI prakAra Age calakara utpanna hue yApanIya aura kUrcaka saMghoM ke lie 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma ucita nahIM thA, isIlie ina. saMghoM ne apane lie ye viziSTa nAma cuneN| isa prakAra jainasampradAya meM vibhinna upasampradAya utpanna ho jAne para nirgranthasaMgha bhI mahAjainasampradAya kA eka upasampradAya bana gayA aura vaha jainasampradAya kA sAmAnya nAma nahIM rhaa| jaise 'nirgranthasaMgha' zabda se yApanIyasaMgha kA bodha nahIM ho sakatA thA, kUrcakasaMgha kA bodha nahIM ho sakatA thA, vaise hI sacela-jainazramaNasaMgha arthAta zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha kA bhI bodha nahIM ho sakatA thaa| isI kAraNa sacela-jainazramaNasaMgha ne apane viziSTarUpa kA bodha karAne hetu svayaM ke lie 'zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha' nAma cunaa| ataH DaoN0 sAgaramala jI dvArA sthUlabhadra kI paramparA se vikasita sacela-zramaNasaMgha ko 'sacela-nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se abhihita kiyA jAnA yuktiviruddha, itihAsa-viruddha evaM 'zvetapaTasaMgha' nAmakaraNa karanevAle prAcIna zvetAmbarAcAryoM ke viruddha hai| sampradAyoM ke nAmakaraNa ke AdhAra : liMga, devatA evaM tattva sampradAyoM kA nAmakaraNa do AdhAroM para huA hai-1. muniliMga evaM 2.devatA aura tttv| nirgrantha, zvetapaTa, kUrcaka, raktapaTa (bauddhasAdhu) Adi sampradAya-bodhaka nAma muniliMga ke AdhAra para pracalita hue haiN| aura jainadarzana-bauddhadarzana, jainadharma-bauddhadharma, jinamatabauddhamata, jainasampadrAya-bauddhasampradAya Adi nAma devatA (dharma-darzana ke praNetA AptapuruSa) evaM tattvoM (siddhAntoM) para AdhArita haiM, jaisA ki zvetAmbarAcArya zrI haribhadra-sUri (750 I0 anumAnita) ne SaDdarzanasammucaya meM batalAyA hai darzanAni SaDevAtra, muulbhedvypekssyaa| devatAtattvabhedena jJAtavyAni mniissibhiH|| 2 // anuvAda-"cU~ki devatA aura tattvoM ke bheda kI apekSA mUladarzana chaha hI haiM, ataH ye hI chaha mUladarzana isa grantha (SaDdarzanasamuccaya) meM vidvajjanoM dvArA jJAtavya haiN|" una chaha mUla darzanoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM bauddhaM naiyAyikaM sAMkhyaM jainaM vaizeSikaM tthaa| jaiminIyaM ca nAmAni drshnaanaammuunyho|| 3 // For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra06 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 147 jainadarzana ke devatAzrita nAma kI vyAkhyA karate hue ukta kArikA ke vRttikAra zrI guNaratnasUri likhate haiM "jinA RSabhAdayazcaturviMzatirahantasteSAmidaM darzanaM jainm| etena caturviMzaterapi jinAnAmekameva darzanamajaniSTa, na punasteSAM mitho matabhedaH ko'pyAsIdityAveditaM bhvti|" anuvAda-"RSabha se lekara mahAvIra paryanta caubIsa arahanta (tIrthaMkara) jina kahalAte haiN| unake darzana ko jainadarzana kahate haiN| isase yaha sUcita hotA hai ki caubIsoM jinoM kA eka hI darzana thA, unameM paraspara koI matabheda nahIM thaa|" haribhadrasUri ne nimnalikhita kArikA meM jainadarzana nAma ko jinendra devatA para Azrita batalAyA hai-"jinendro devatA tatra raagdvessvivrjitH---|" (SaDdarzanasamuccaya/ kArikA 45) / isI prakAra jaina ('joNhakahiyataccesu'-ni.sA. /gA.139, liMgaM--- jeNhaM-pra.sA. / 3/6) jinamata ('jiNamadamhi'-pra.sA. /3/12), jainopadeza ('joNhamuvadesaM-pra.sA. 1/88) vIrazAsana (sAsaNaM hi vIrassa-pra.sA./2/14), ye devatAzrita sampradAya-bodhaka nAma IsApUrvottara prathama zatAbdI meM hue AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM milate haiN| IsA kI tRtIya zatI ke AcArya samantabhadrakRta ratnakaraNDa-zrAvakAcAra meM upalabdha jinazAsana ('zAsati jinazAsane vizadAH'-zloka 78) zabda bhI aisA hI sampradAyasUcaka nAma hai| AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI (10vIM zatI I0 kA uttarArdha) dvArA racita gommaTasAra-karmamaNDa meM devatAzrita sampradAya-bodhaka jaina nAma prayukta huA hai-'jaiNANaM puNa vynnN---|' (gAthA 895) / kintu 'jaina' zabda se bhI adhika purAnA aura bahupracalita jainasampradAya-sUcaka nAma Arhata hai, jo devatA aura tattva para Azrita hai| saMskRta ke suprasiddha gadyakavi vANabhaTTa ne 'harSacarita' (ucchvAsa 8/pR.422-23) meM Arhata zabda se jainoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| usake TIkAkAra zaGkara kavi ne Arhata zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai-"arhandevatA yeSAM te aarhtaaH|" arthAt jinake devatA arahanta hote haiM, ve Aheta kahalAte haiN| 'arhat' zabda 'jina' yA tIrthaMkara kA paryAyavAcI hai| jainaparamparA meM 'arhat' zabda zurU se hI 'jina' zabda se bhI adhika lokapriya rahA hai| jinamata ke prANabhUta NamokAra mahAmantra meM tIrthaMkara ko namaskAra karane ke lie 'tIrthaMkara' yA 'jina' zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA, apitu 'arhat' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yathANamo arhntaannN| IsApUrva dvitIya zatI ke samrAT khAravela ke hAthIgumphAbhilekha meM bhI 'arhat' zabda kA prayoga karake hI 'namo arahaMtAnaM' vAkya dvArA maMgalAcaraNa kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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148 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra06 prAraMbha kiyA gayA hai| mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM, jo lagabhaga IsA kI prathama zatAbdI yA usake kucha pUrva ke haiM, vardhamAna ko namaskAra karate samaya unake sAtha 'jina' yA 'tIrthaMkara' vizeSaNa na jor3akara 'arhat' vizeSaNa jor3A gayA hai| jaise, namo arahato vadhamAnasya (jai.zi.saM. /mA.ca./bhAga 2/lekha kr.8)| 'jinapUjA' ke sthAna meM arahatapUjA zabda prayukta kiyA gayA hai| (vahI / lekha kra.10 evaM 15) / isI prakAra nimnalikhita arthoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie bhI 'arhat' zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai-arhadAyatana= jinamaMdira (vahI/lekha kra.90), ArhatAyatana = jinAlaya (vahI/le.kra.94), arhacchAlA = jinamaMdira (vahI / le.kra.98), arhatproktasaddharma = jinopadiSTa samIcIna dharma (vahI / le. kra.98) paramAItadeva (vahI/le.kra.97), parama arhadbhakta (le.kra.102), mahAvIra arhata (vhii/le.kr.106)| I0 san 300 se 400 ke bIca racita vaidikaparamparA ke viSNupurANa meM jainoM ko Arhata zabda se varNita kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 4/pra.1 / shii.10.2)| SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI 58vIM kArikA kI vRtti meM guNaratnasUri ne jainadarzana ke viSaya meM parapakSa ke AkSepa ko uThAte hue parapakSa ke dvArA jainoM ko Ahata zabda se sambodhita karAyA hai| yathA "atra pare prAhuH-aho ArhatAH! arhadabhihitatattvAnurAgibhiryuSmAbhiridamasambaddhamevAvirbhAvayAMmbabhUveyaduta yuSmadarzaneSvapi puurvaapryorvirodho'stiiti|---" (pR.393 / anuccheda 420) / guNaratnasUri ke ye vacana isa tathya para prakAza DAlate haiM ki jainetaroM meM jaina loga bahuta prAcIna kAla se Ahata nAma se jAne jAte the| niSkarSa yaha ki prAcIna kAla meM jainasampradAya nirgrantha evaM Arhata ina do nAmoM se loka vikhyAta thaa| nirgrantha nAma acelaliMgAzrita hai aura Arhata nAma arahanta-devatA ke nAma tathA unake dvArA upadiSTa siddhAntoM para Azrita hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya meM ArhatasampradAya meM kevala nirgrantha (acela) muni hI hote the| kintu jaba jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda kucha muni sacela ho gaye taba sacelamunisaMgha nirgranthasaMgha nahIM kahalA sakatA thA, kyoMki 'nirgrantha' nAma acelaliMga para Azrita thaa| isake atirikta unheM apane jaina yA Arhata hone kI pahacAna karAne ke lie 'nirgrantha' nAma apanAne kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM thI, kyoMki unakI ukta pahacAna 'Arhata' nAma se ho hI rahI thI, vaha isalie ki ve usI sampradAya meM AvirbhUta hue the aura usI ke devatA aura tattvoM ke (kucha bheda ke sAtha) anuyAyI the| hA~, isa nAma se logoM ko unake sacelaliMgAzrita upasampradAya kA bodha honA saMbhava nahIM thaa| ataH unhoMne usakA bodha karAne ke lie sacelaliMga ke AdhAra para apane liMgAzrita upasampradAya kA nAmakaraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra06 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 149 zvetapaTasaMgha kiyA aura isI nAma se vaha lokaprasiddha huaa| sacela-nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se itihAsa meM kahIM bhI usakA ullekha nahIM hai| sampradAyoM ke nAma koI gopanIya tattva nahIM hote| ve rakhe hI isalie jAte haiM ki una nAmoM se ve sampradAya prasiddha hoM, ve logoM kI jihvA para car3ha jaayeN| lekina 'sacela-nirgrantha-sampradAya' nAma ke kisI sampradAya se loga paricita hI nahIM the, na hI 'vastradhArI ko nirgrantha kahate haiM,' aisA unhoMne kahIM par3hA, sunA yA dekhA thaa| zilAlekha aura vibhinna sampradAyoM ke sAhitya isake pramANa haiN| isalie DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kI yaha mAnyatA atyanta aprAmANika evaM ayuktimat siddha hotI hai ki sthUlabhadra kI paramparA se vikasita sacela-zramaNasaMgha 'secala-nirgranthasaMgha' kahalAtA thaa| 6 svasaMgha ke lie 'zvetapaTasaMgha' nAma pracArita pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke kadambanareza zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke tAmrapatralekha meM sacelajainazramaNoM kA ullekha zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha nAma se huA hai| isase siddha hai ki unake saMgha kA prAmANika, rAjamAnya aura lokaprasiddha nAma zurU se yahI thA aura yaha nAmakaraNa svayaM sacela-jainazramaNoM ne kiyA thA tathA unakI hI icchA se yaha lokaprasiddha huA thaa| sacela-jainazramaNoM arthAt zvetAmbaroM kI icchA aura prayatna ke binA unake saMgha kA yaha nAma prasiddha honA asaMbhava thaa| vicAraNIya hai ki zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ne apane zAstroM meM svayaM ko 'nirgrantha' likhA hai, tathApi apane saMgha ko zvetapaTa (zvetavastra, sitAmbara) nAma se prasiddha kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa kyA thA? yadi ve nirgrantha the, to apane saMgha ke lie yahI nAma pracArita kyoM nahIM kiyA? jisa digambarasaMgha ko unhoMne IsA kI prathama zatAbdI yA vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM utpanna mAnA hai, use 'nirgrantha' nAma kA prayoga kyoM karane diyA gayA? jaba hama isa prazna kA uttara DhU~r3hane kA prayatna karate haiM, taba nimnalikhita tathya sAmane Ate haiM zvetapaTasaMgha ke udaya se pUrva sabhI jainamuni acela hote the| ataH nirgrantha zabda jainamuni kA paryAyavAcI thaa| isalie jaba una acela jainamuniyoM ke nirgranthasaMgha se zvetavastradhArI muniyoM ke saMgha kA udaya huA, taba unhoMne apane muni-sambodhana hetu 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga pracalita rkhaa| kintu yaha prayoga unake zAstroM ke bhItara hI pracalita rahA, isa nAma se apane sampradAya ko lokaprasiddha karanA unake lie saMbhava nahIM huA, kyoMki 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma pahale se hI acela-jainazramaNoM ke saMgha ke lie lokaprasiddha thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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150 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra06 __isake atirikta 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma unake sampradAya ke lie upayukta bhI nahIM thA, kyoMki 'nirgrantha' zabda ke sAtha acelatva ke hI saMyamasAdhaka hone kA artha jur3A huA thA, jaba ki unheM yaha pracAra karanA thA ki vastradhAraNa karane se hI mokSamArgabhUta saMyama kI sAdhanA ho sakatI hai, isI kAraNa strImukti bhI saMbhava hai| isa uddezya se unake lie apane saMgha kA nAma 'zvetapaTa' rakhanA atyanta upayogI pratIta huaa| yaha nAma unakI mAnyatAoM kA vijJApaka thaa| isa prayojana se una savastra jaina sAdhuoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI kandhe para eka vastra DAlakara pravrajita hote hue apane zAstroM meM varNita kiyA hai| isa mahAn uddezya kI siddhi ke lie zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ne apane saMgha kA nAma zvetapaTasaMgha rkhaa| isI nAma se use loka meM pracArita kiyA aura rAjAoM se use mAnyatA dilAyI, jisase unheM 'nirgranthazramaNasaMgha', 'yApanIyasaMgha' Adi se alaga grAma Adi kA dAna prApta ho skaa| isa prakAra zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne apane saMgha ke lie 'zvetapaTasaMgha' nAma svayaM pracArita kiyA thA, jo isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki apane AgamoM meM sAdhu ke lie nirgrantha zabda kA prayoga karate hue bhI unhoMne apane saMgha ko nirgranthasaMgha nAma se prasiddha nahIM kiyA, kyoMki eka to yaha nAma pahale se hI acela-jainazramaNoM ke saMgha ke lie prasiddha thA, dUsare isase acelatva kA bhI bodha hone se acelatva bhI saMyama kA sAdhaka siddha hotA thA, jo unakI saiddhAntika vizeSatA ke pratikUla thaa| ataH usakA prayoga unake zAstroM taka hI sImita raha gyaa| yadi 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma pahale se hI acela-jainazramaNasaMgha ke lie lokaprasiddha na hotA, to sacela-jainazramaNoM ko apane saMgha ke lie isa nAma kA prayoga karane se koI nahIM roka sakatA thaa| taba isa nAma ke sAtha acelatva ke hI saMyamasAdhaka hone kA artha bhI na jur3A hotA, ataH isa dRSTi se bhI unheM isa nAma ke prayoga me bAdhA nahIM hotii| kintu ye donoM hI anukUlatAe~ nahIM thIM, isa kAraNa ve apane saMgha ke lie 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma kA prayoga nahIM kara ske| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki itihAsa meM digambarasaMgha (mUlasaMgha) hI nirgranthasaMgha nAma se prasiddhi ko prApta huA thA aura cU~ki 'nirgrantha' nAma 'zvetapaTa' nAma se pUrvavartI hai, isalie nirgranthasaMgha zvetapaTasaMgha se prAcIna hai| kevala digambarasaMgha kA 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma zvetAmbaroM ko bhI mAnya eka mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki kadambavaMzIya rAjA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke tAmrapatralekha meM nirgranthasaMgha aura zvetapaTasaMgha, donoM ko inhIM nAmoM se eka hI sAtha, eka hI sthAna meM, eka hI grAma ko vibhAjita kara dAna meM diye jAne kA varNana hai| isase yaha satya prakaTa hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara eka hI sthAna meM sAtha For Personal & Private Use Only

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a02/pra06 kAlpanika hetuoM kI kapolakalpitatA kA udghATana / 151 sAtha rahate the aura apane saMgha ke lie zvetapaTasaMgha tathA digambarasaMgha ke lie nirgranthasaMgha nAma kA prayoga zvetAmbaroM ko svIkArya thaa| ve svayaM digambarasaMgha ko 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se abhihita karate hoMge, kyoMki usa samaya taka digambaroM ke lie 'digambara' zabda kA vyavahAra pracalita nahIM huA thA, ve 'nirgantha' zabda se hI jAne jAte the| digambarasaMgha ke lie 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma kA prayoga kiye binA zvetAmbaroM ko usase apanI bhinnatA prakaTa karanA saMbhava nahIM thA, kyoMki digambarasaMgha loka meM 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se hI prasiddha thA, abhilekhoM meM usakA nirgranthasaMgha nAma se ullekha kiyA jAnA isa bAta kA pramANa hai| yataH pArasparika bheda prakaTa karane lie digambarasaMgha ko nirgranthasaMgha kahanA zvetAmbaroM ke lie aparihArya thA, ataH siddha hai ki unake lie svasaMgha ko 'nirgranthasaMgha' zabda se abhihita karanA saMbhava nahIM thaa| isase sAbita hotA hai ki kama se kama IsA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI taka zvetAmbarasaMgha ko yaha satya svIkArya thA ki loka meM kevala digambara hI 'nirgrantha' zabda se prasiddha haiN| 8 kalpita sacelAcelasaMgha kI 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se prasiddhi ayuktiyukta DaoNkTara sAgaramala jI ke pUrvoddhRta (prakaraNa 3/zIrSaka 1 meM uddhRta) vacanoM se unakI yaha mAnyatA prakaTa hotI hai ki 'IsA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI ke prAraMbha taka uttarabhArata meM sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha vidyamAna thaa| isI samaya usakA vibhAjana zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM ke rUpa meM huA aura usakA svatantra astitva samApta ho gyaa|' kintu usake vibhAjana se jo saMgha utpanna batalAye gaye haiM, unameM se na to zvetAmbarasaMgha 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha huA, na yaapniiysNgh| kevala usase jo utpanna nahIM batalAyA gayA hai, vaha digambarasaMgha hI nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddhi pAtA rahA aura pA rahA hai| isase siddha hai ki DaoNkTara sA0 dvArA svakalpita uttarabhAratIya sacelAcelasaMgha ko 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha batalAyA jAnA ayuktiyukta hai| aura jaisA ki pUrvoddhRta pramANoM aura yuktiyoM se siddha hai, yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti ke pUrva bhArata ke kisI bhI kone meM sacelAcela-pravRttivAlA koI zramaNasaMgha thA hI nahIM, ata: usake 'nirgrantha' nAma se prasiddha hone kA bhI prazna nahIM utthtaa| niSkarSa yaha ki jaise uttarabhAratIyasacelAcelasaMgha ke astitva kI mAnyatA kapolakalpita hai, vaise hI usake 'nirgranthasaMgha' kahalAne kI mAnyatA bhI kapolakalpita hai| ina aneka pramANoM aura yuktiyoM se siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne sagrantha (sacela) hote hue bhI apane lie AgamoM meM jo 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha itihAsaviruddha anadhikRta ceSTA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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152 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a02/pra06 upasaMhAra uparyukta pramANa aura yuktiyA~ yaha tathya anAvRta kara detI haiM ki mAnya zvetAmbaramuniyoM aura vidvAnoM ne digambaramata ko nihnavamata (tIrthaMkaropadeza ke viparIta, svakalpita, mithyAmata) evaM arvAcIna, digambarasAhitya ko yApanIyasAhitya tathA AcArya kundakunda ko vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM utpanna siddha karane ke lie jo pUrvavarNita hetuoM kI kalpanA kI hai, ve sarvathA aprAmANika aura ayuktisaMgata haiM, ata eva kapolakalpita haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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tRtIya adhyAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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tRtIya adhyAya zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA prathama prakaraNa acelatva ke digambaramAnya svarUpa kA varNana pUrva adhyAya meM sapramANa siddha kiyA gayA hai ki digambarajainamata kI sthApanA na to boTika zivabhUti jaise sAdhAraNa puruSa ne I0 san 82 meM kI thI, na hI AcArya kundakunda ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meN| vaha RSabhAdi tIrthaMkaroM dvArA praNIta hai / isakI puSTi zvetAmbarasAhitya meM upalabdha ullekhoM se bhI hotI hai| prastuta adhyAya meM unhIM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jA rahA hai / 1 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM acelaparamparA kI smRtiyoM ke avazeSa jaisA ki zvetAmbarasampradAya ke nAma se hI spaSTa hai, usakA janma sacelamukti kI mAnyatA ko lekara huA thA / phira bhI zvetAmbara -granthoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ko nagnamudrAdhArI mAnA gayA hai, jinakalpika nAma se sAdhuoM ke eka varga bhI nAgnyaliMgadhArI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ko acelakadharma kA upadezaka tathA zeSa bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko saceladharma ke sAtha aceladharma kA upadeSTA batalAyA gayA hai, AcArAMga aura sthAnAMga meM acelatva kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, kalpaniryukti meM sAdhu ke dasa kalpoM (AcAroM) meM Acelakya ko prathama kalpa prarUpita kiyA gayA hai aura tattvArthasUtra ke zvetAmbarIya pATha (9 / 9) meM muniyoM ko nAgnyaparISaha hone kI saMbhAvanA se inakAra na kara unako nagnavezadhArI bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhale hI Age calakara jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda jinakalpa kA vyuccheda batalAkara acelakadharma ko vilupta ghoSita kara diyA gayA aura tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva evaM mahAvIra ke dvArA upadiSTa acelakadharma ko saceladharma siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA / zvetAmbarAcArya cAhate to AraMbha meM hI apane sampradAya ke zAstroM meM nagnatva aura acelatva kA nAma bhI na Ane dete, sabhI tIrthaMkaroM aura muniyoM ko vastradhArI hI darzAte / kintu unhoMne aisA nahIM kiyA aura apane granthoM meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra dvArA kevala acelakadharma kA upadeza diye jAne kA ullekha kiyA aura unakI paramparA meM muniyoM ke nAgnyaliMgadhArI For Personal & Private Use Only

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156 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra0 1 hone kI bAta svIkAra kI / isase siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbarAcAryoM ko acelakaparamparA arthAt digambaraparamparA (jo pahale nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha thI) kI maulikatA evaM prAcInatA kA bodha thaa| ve usakA apalApa nahIM karanA cAhate the / Age calakara unhoMne jaise acelakadharma (jinakalpa) kA viccheda ghoSita kara pravartamAna digambarajainaparamparA ko tIrthaMkara - apraNIta, nihnavamata siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, vaise hI acelaka zabda ko sacela kA vAcaka siddha karane kA prayAsa karake bhI acelaparamparA kA abhAva sAbita karane kI ceSTA kI hai| ina donoM sakArAtmaka aura nakArAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA Azraya banAkara mAnya zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne svayaM hI isa acelakaparamparA arthAt digambarajainaparamparA kI maulikatA evaM pUrvavartitA kA paricaya de diyA hai| 2 sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke digambaramudrA se mokSa hone kA kathana Avazyaka niyukti meM kahA gayA hai ki caubIsoM tIrthaMkara ekavastra meM hI pravrajita hue the, na to anyaliMga se pravrajita hue, na gRhasthaliMga se, na kuliMga se - savve'vi egadUseNa niggayA jiNavarA caDavvIsaM / na ya nAma aNNaliMge no gihiliMge kuliMge vA // 227 // zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa likhate haiM- " sabhI jina vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhanana ke dhArI hote haiM, cAra jJAna aura atizayasattva se sampanna hote haiM, unake hastapuTa chidrarahita hote haiM, ve parISahoM ke vijetA hote haiM, ataH vastrapAtrAdi upakaraNoM se rahita hone para bhI unake abhAva meM jo doSa batalAye gaye haiM, ve unheM nahIM lgte| unake lie vastrapAtra saMyama ke sAdhana nahIM haiM, isalie ve unheM grahaNa nahIM karate / tathApi tIrtha (mokSamArga ) savastra hI hai, tIrtha meM cirakAla taka sAdhu savastra hI hoMge, yaha upadeza dene ke lie sabhI tIrthaMkara eka vastra lekara abhiniSkramaNa karate haiM aura usa vastra ke kahIM gira jAne para nirvastra ho jAte haiM, sadA nirvastra nahIM rahate / "1 1. nirupamadhiisaMghayaNA caunANAisayasattasaMpaNNA / acchiddapANipattA jiNA jiyaparisahA savve // 2581 // vizeSAvazyakabhASya / tamhA jahuttadose pAvaMti na vattha - pattarahiyA vi| tadasAhaNaM ti tesiM to taggahaNaM na kuvvaMti // 2582 // tahavi gahiegavatthA savatthatitthovaesaNatthaM ti / abhinikkhamaMti savve tammi cue'celayA huMti // 2583 // vizeSAbazyakabhASya / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra01 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 157 yaha kathana isa tathya para prakAza DAlatA hai ki caubIsoM tIrthaMkara anta meM nagna ho gaye the aura nagnatArUpa pUrNa aparigraha kI avasthA meM kI gaI sAdhanA se hI unhoMne mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda jo devadUSya dhAraNa kiyA thA, vaha teraha mAsa bAda zarIra se cyuta ho gayA thaa| tatpazcAt ve dasa varSa aura gyAraha mAsa taka muni (chadmastha) avasthA meM tathA tIsa varSa taka tIrthaMkara avasthA meM nagna hI vihAra karate rhe| isa prakAra unheM kevalajJAna evaM mokSa kI prApti digambaraliMga se hI huI thii| digambaramata yahI mAnatA hai ki tIrthaMkara-sahita sabhI jIva ekamAtra digambaramudrA se hI mokSa prApta kara sakate haiN| zvetAmbarasAhitya meM isa digambaramAnyatA kA ullekha hone se digambaramata kI prAcInatA prakaTa hotI hai| isase yaha tathya bhI sAmane AtA hai ki tIrthaMkara mallinAtha ne bhI nagna avasthA dhAraNa kI thI, ataH ve strI nahIM the, kyoMki strI ko nagna hone kI AjJA na to digambarasampradAya meM hai, na zvetAmbarasampradAya meM jaisA ki zvetAmbarIya bRhatkalpasUtra meM kahA gayA hai-"no kappaI niggaMthIe aceliyAe huNte|" (5/16) / ekavastrasahita pravrajyA kI kathA vastuta: celopasarga kintu AcArAMgAdi meM jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkara ekavastra lekara pravrajita hue the, use aparAjitasUri prAmANika nahIM maante| unakA kathana hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkara sarvathA vastrarahita hokara hI pravrajita hue the| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM ve likhate haiM "aura jo bhAvanA (AcArAMga kA 24 vA~ adhyayana) meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka varSa taka cIvara dhAraNa kiyA aura usake bAda ve acelaka ho gaye, so isameM bahuta sI vipratipattiyA~ haiM, arthAt bahuta se virodha aura matabheda haiN| kyoMki kucha loga kahate haiM ki usa vastra ko, jo vIrajina ke zarIra para laTakA diyA gayA thA, laTakA denevAle manuSya ne hI usI dina le liyA thaa| dUsare kahate haiM ki vaha kA~ToM aura DAliyoM Adi se ulajhate-ulajhate chaha mahIne meM chinna-bhinna ho gayA thaa| kucha loga kahate haiM ki eka varSa se kucha adhika samaya bIta jAne para khaMDalaka nAmaka brAhmaNa ne use le liyA thA aura dUsare kahate haiM ki jaba vaha havA se ur3a gayA aura bhagavAn ne usakI upekSA kI, to laTakAnevAle ne phira unake kandhe para laTakA diyaa| isa taraha aneka vipratipattiyA~ hone ke kAraNa isa bAta meM koI tattva nahIM dikhalAI detaa| yadi sacelaliMga prakaTa karane ke lie bhagavAn ne vastragrahaNa kiyA thA, to phira usakA vinAza kyoM iSTa huA? use sadA hI dhAraNa kiye rahanA thaa| Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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158 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra01 yadi unheM patA thA ki vaha naSTa ho jAyegA to phira usakA grahaNa karanA nirarthaka huA aura yadi patA nahIM thA, to ve ajJAnI siddha hue| aura phira yadi unheM celaprajJApanA vAMchanIya thI, to phira yaha vacana mithyA ho jAyegA ki prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara kA dharma Acelakya (nirvastratA) thaa| "aura jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki jisa taraha maiM acelaka hU~, usI taraha pichale jina (tIrthaMkara) bhI acelaka hoMge, so isase bhI virodha aayegaa| isake sivAya vIra bhagavAn ke samAna yadi anya tIrthaMkaroM ne bhI vastra grahaNa kiyA thA, to unakA vastratyAgakAla kyoM nahIM batalAyA gayA hai? isalie yahI kahanA ucita mAlUma hotA hai ki saba kucha tyAga kara jaba jina (vIra bhagavAn) sthita the taba kisI ne unake Upara vastra DAla diyA thA aura vaha eka taraha kA upasarga thaa|"3 2.ka-"yacca bhAvanAyAmuktaM-'varisaM cIvaradhArI teNa paramacelago jiNo' tti tadayuktaM vipratipatti bhultvaat| katham? kecidvadanti 'tasminneva dine tadvastraM vIrajinasya vilambanakAriNA gRhiitmiti'| anye 'SaNmAsAcchinnaM tatkaNTakazAkhAdibhiriti' / 'sAdhikena varSeNa tad vastraM khaNDalakabrAhmaNena gRhItamiti' kecit kthynti| kecid vAtena patitamupekSitaM jineneti| apare vadanti 'vilambanakAriNA jinasya skandhe tdaaropitmiti'| evaM vipratipattibAhulyAnna dRzyate tttvm| sacelaliGgaprakaTanArthaM yadi celagrahaNaM jinasya, kathaM tadvinAza iSTaH? sadA tad dhaaryitvym| kiM ca yadi nazyatIti jJAtaM, nirarthakaM tasya grahaNam yadi na jJAtamajJAnamasya praapnoti| api ca celaprajJApanA vAJchitA cet "Acelakko dhammo purimacarimANaM" iti vaco mithyA bhvet|" vijayodayATIkA / bha.A./ gA.' Acelakkuddesiya' 423 / pR. 325-26 / hindI anuvAda : paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI/ jainasAhitya aura itihAsa / pra.saM./pR. 49-50 / kha-uparyukta vijayodayATIkA kI prathama paMkti meM taduktaM mudrita, hai, jo azuddha hai| TIkAkAra ke abhiprAyAnusAra tadayuktaM (tad ayuktaM = vaha kathana anucita hai) honA cAhiye, kyoMki unhoMne AcArAMga ke 'bhAvanA' nAmaka adhyayana ke isa vacana ko ayukta batalAyA hai ki 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka varSa taka cIvara dhAraNa kiyA, pazcAt acelaka ho gaye' aura ayukta hone kA kAraNa yaha batalAyA hai ki isa viSaya meM vipratipatti kI bahulatA (logoM ke matoM meM bhinnatA) hai| isIlie unhoMne matavaibhinnya kA ullekha karane ke bAda apanA yuktisaMgata nirNaya dete hue likhA hai ki "evaM tu yuktaM vaktuM-sarvatyAgaM kRtvA sthite jine kenacidaMse vastraM nikSiptam , upasargaH sa iti|" arthAt yaha kahanA yukta hai ki bhagavAn jaba vastrAdisakala parigraha kA tyAga karake sthita the, taba kisI ne unake kandhe para vastra DAla diyA, jo eka upasarga thaa| (bha.A. / gA.423/ pR. 326) / 3. "yaduktaM 'yathAhamacelI tathA hou pacchimo idi hokkhaditti' tenApi virodhH| kiM ca jinAnAmitareSAM vastratyAgakAlaH vIrajinasyeva kiM na nirdizyate, yadi vastraM teSAmapi bhvet| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03 / pra01 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 159 tAtyarya yaha ki aparAjitasUri ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra sarvathA acela avasthA meM hI pravrajita hue the, unhoMne mokSamArga ke savastra hone kA upadeza dene ke lie devadUSya nAma kA vastra grahaNa nahIM kiyA thaa| yadi kisI ne unake kandhe para koI vastra DAla diyA thA, to use upasarga mAnA jaayegaa| tIrthaMkaroM ke sarvathA acela hone kA kathana zvetAmbaramata meM Age calakara acela zabda ko mukhyArtha ke atirikta aupacArika artha meM bhI prayukta mAna liyA gyaa| yaha batalAyA jAne lagA ki tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha 'acela' zabda kA prayoga mukhya artha meM arthAt 'sarvathA vastrarahita' artha meM huA hai aura zeSa muniyoM ke sAtha aupacArika artha meM arthAt 'alpavastrasahita' athavA 'kutsitavastrasahita' artha meM vyavahRta huA hai| bRhatkalpasUtra ke laghubhASya meM zrI saMghadAsa gaNI (6-7vIM zatI I0) kA vaktavya hai duviho hoMti acelo, saMtAcelo asaMtacelo y| titthagarA asaMtacelA, saMtAcelA bhave sesaa|| 6365 // __ anuvAda-"acela do prakAra ke hote haiM : sad-acela (vastra-sahita acela) tathA asad-acela (vastrarahita acel)| tIrthaMkara vastrarahita acela haiM, zeSa sAdhu vastrasahita acel|" sarvaprathama vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM ina do prakAra ke aceloM kA varNana milatA hai| usakI vRtti meM inakA prarUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai "sAmAnyasAdhavaH sadbhireva celairupacArato'celA bhaNyante, jinAstu tIrthakarA asadbhizcelairmukhyavRttyA'celA vypdishynte|" (hem.vRtti./vishe.bhaa./gaa.2598)| anuvAda-"sAmAnya sAdhu vastra dhAraNa karate hue bhI upacAra se acela kahe jAte haiM, aura jina (tIrthaMkara) vastra dhAraNa na karane ke kAraNa mukhyarUpa se acela kahalAte haiN|" upacAra kA artha hai kisI vastu para anya vastu kA dharma Aropita krnaa| arthAt vastu meM jo dharma vAstava meM nahIM hai use usa vastu meM btlaanaa| jaise 'yaha bAlaka evaM tu yuktaM vaktuM 'sarvatyAgaM kRtvA sthite jine kenacidaMse vastraM nikssiptm| upasargaH sa iti|" vijayodayA TI. / bha.A. / gA. 'Acelakkuddesiya' 423/ pR. 326 hindI anuvAda : paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI / jai.saa.i./pr.sN./pR.50| 4. "anyatra prasiddhasya dharmasyAnyatra smaaropnnmsdbhuutvyvhaarH| asadbhUtavyavahAra eva upcaarH|" aalaappddhti| sUtra 207-208 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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160 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra0 1 siMha hai' aisA kathana kara bAlaka meM jo siMhatva vAstava meM nahIM hai use bAlaka meM batalAnA upacAra hai| yahA~ 'acela' zabda ke upacAra se bhI prayukta hone kI jo kalpanA kI gayI hai usakI ayuktimattA kA nirUpaNa Age kiyA jAyegA / yahA~ kevala isa bAta para dhyAna denA hai ki zvetAmbarIya sAhitya meM sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ko antataH sarvathA nagna arthAt digambara svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jisase isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki digambaradharma svayaM tIrthaMkaroM dvArA Acarita thA, isalie vaha maulika dharma hai| 5 Adi - antima tIrthaMkaroM dvArA acelakadharma kA upadeza uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke kezI - gautama saMvAda meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelaka (digambara) dharma kA upadeza diyA thA aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne saceladharma kA acelago ya jo dhammo jo imo desido vaddha mANeNa pAseNa ya saMtaruttaro / mahAjasA // 23 / 29 // cU~ki isa gAthA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko acelakadharma kA upadezaka kahA gayA hai, isase zrI jinabhadragaNI kA yaha kathana asatya siddha ho jAtA hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne savastra tIrtha kA upadeza diyA thA aura isI ke lie ve eka vastra lekara pravrajita hu vastutaH zvetAmbaraparamparA meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ina do ko acelakadharma kA upadeSTA aura madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kA upadezaka mAnA gayA hai / yadyapi uttarAdhyayana- sUtra meM prasaMga na hone ke kAraNa acelakadharma ke upadezaka ke rUpa meM RSabhadeva kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA tathApi prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ke acelakadharma-praNetA hone kI zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke racanAkAla se pUrvavartI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM mahAvIra ko acelakadharma kA tathA pArzvanAtha ko acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kA upadeSTA batalAyA jAnA isI paramparAgata zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA para AdhArita hai| isI ke AdhAra para bhASyakAra zrI saMghadAsagaNi-kSamAzramaNa ( 6 - 7vIM zatI I0) ne bRhatkalpa - laghubhASya meM nimnalikhita gAthA (6369) racakara tathA zrI haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI I0) ne paJcAzaka (gA. 12) meM ise AtmasAt kara purima (prathama) aura pacchima (antima) tIrthaMkaroM ko acelakadharma kA upadezaka tathA madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kA upadeSTA batalAyA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra01 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 161 Acelakko dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jinnss| majjhimagANa jiNANaM hoti acelo sacelo vaa|| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ina donoM tIrthaMkaroM ke anuyAyI muni digambara hI hote the, ataH digambaraparamparA bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke yuga se calI A rahI hai| prathama aura carama tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM sAdhuoM ke lie jo daza prakAra kA kalpa (AcAra)5 nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai, vaha kalpaniyukti meM isa prakAra hai Acelakkuisiya sijjaayr-raaypiNdd-kiikmme| vaya-jeTTha-paDikkamaNe mAsaM pjjovsvnnkppo|| anuvAda-"1.Acelakya (nagnatva), 2. uddiSTa AhAra kA tyAga, 3. vasatidAtA ke AhAra kA tyAga 4.rAjapiNDa (rAjasa AhAra yA rAjA ke ghara ke AhAra) kA tyAga, 5.kRtikarma, 6.mahAvrata, 7. puruSa kI jyeSThatA (sAdhvI kI vandanA na karanA) 8.pratikramaNa, 9.eka sthAna para adhika se adhika eka mAsa taka rahanA aura 10. varSAkAla meM cAra mAsa taka eka hI sthAna meM rhnaa|" sAdhuoM ke ina dasa prakAra ke AcAroM meM Acelakya sabase pahalA AcAra batalAyA gayA hai, aura yadyapi aparigraha mahAvrata meM Acelakya A jAtA hai, tathApi alaga se ullekha kara isake mahattva kA bodha karAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sAdhuoM ke lie digambaratva kA vidhAna bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samaya se hI calA A rahA hai| sAdhuoM ke dasa kalpoM (AcAroM) kA prarUpaNa karanevAlI uparyukta 'Acelakkuddesiya' ityAdi gAthA prathama zatAbdI I0 ke digambaragrantha bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM upalabdha hotI hai| zvetAmbaraparamparA meM bhI yaha gAthA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI anugAminI mUla (avibhakta) nirgranthaparamparA se hI AyI hai, kintu zvetAmbarasAhitya meM isakA sarvaprathama ullekha chaThI zatAbdI I0 kI kalpaniyukti meM huA hai| vahIM se yaha chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 ke bhASyakAra zrI jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNakRta jItakalpabhASya meM (gA.1972) tathA isI samaya ke eka anya pramukha bhASyakAra zrI saMghadAsagaNi-kSamAzramaNa dvArA racita bRhatkalpalaghubhASya (gA.6364) meM AtmasAt kI gayI hai| bhASyoM kA racanAkAla chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI I0 mAnA gayA hai| DaoN0 mohanalAla jI mehatA likhate haiM ki zrI saMghadAsagaNI zrI jinabhadragaNI se pUrvavartI haiN| (jai.sA.bR.i./ bhA. 3/ pR. 14, 19) / kintu , zrI devendra 5. 'kalpaH saadhuunaamaacaarH|' kalpakaumudITIkA / kalpasUtra / pR.2 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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162 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra01 muni zAstrI kA kathana hai ki "bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNI, jinabhadragaNI-kSamAzramaNa se pahale hue haiM yA bAda meM hue haiM, yaha nizcitarUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa---|" (jai. A. sA. ma. mI./pR. 473) / AcArAMgAdi meM acela kA artha alpacela nahIM bRhatkalpa-laghubhASya evaM paJcAzaka ke anusAra ajitAdi bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kA upadeza diyA thA, isalie vastradhArI sAdhuoM kI savastratA kA aucitya unake anusAra to siddha ho jAtA hai, kintu bhagavAn RSabhadeva evaM mahAvIra ne kevala aceladharma kA upadeza diyA thA, isalie unake anusAra sAdhuoM ke saceladharma (sthavirakalpa) ke AcaraNa kA aucitya siddha nahIM hotaa| ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anusAra bhI saceladharma (sthavirakalpa) ke AcaraNa kA aucitya siddha karane ke lie paravartI granthakAroM evaM vyAkhyAkAroM ne adbhuta rAstA nikaalaa| unhoMne 'acela' zabda ke niSedhArthaka 'a' (nab) ko alpArthaka mAnakara 'acela' kA artha alpacela ghoSita kara diyaa| isa prakAra sacela ko bhI ve acela kI paribhASA meM le Aye aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ko saceladharma kA upadeSTA siddha kara diyaa| kintu AcArAMgAdi AgamoM meM alpacela ko 'acela' saMjJA nahIM dI gayI hai| yadyapi AcArAMga meM zItAdi kI bAdhA sahane meM asamartha sAdhakoM ke lie adhika se adhika tIna vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai, tathApi unameM se tIna yA do vastradhAriyoM kI to bAta hI dUra, ekavastradhArI ko bhI 'acela' zabda se abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai, sarvathA vastrarahita ko hI acela kahA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha __ "aha puNa evaM jANijjA-uvAikkaMte khalu hemaMte gimhe paDivanne ahAparijunnAI vatthAiM parivijjA, aduvA saMtaruttare, aduvA omacele, aduvA egasADe, aduvA acele, lAghaviyaM AgamamANe tave se abhisamannAgae bhvi|"7 anuvAda-"jaba muni yaha jAna le ki hemantaRtu calI gaI hai aura grISmaRtu A gayI hai, taba jo vastra dhAraNa kiye the unakA tyAga kara de athavA zIta kI AzaMkA ho, to tyAga na kare aura jaba AvazyakatA ho tabhI upayoga meM lAve, anyathA pAsa 6. "alpArthe naJ yathA'yaM pumAnajJaH svalpajJAna ityarthaH, yaH sAdhurnAsya celaM vastramastItyacelaH, alpacela ityrthH| --- yadi vA jinakalpikAbhiprAyeNaivaitatsUtraM vyAkhyeyaM, tadyathA-'je acele' ityAdi, nAsya celaM vstrmstiitycelH|" zIlAMkAcAryavRtti / aacaaraaNg/1/6/3/182| 7. aacaaraaNg/1/7/4/209-210| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 1 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 163 meM rakhe rahe ( sAntaramuttaraM ) / athavA tIna vastra hoM to eka kA tyAga kara avamacela ( dvivastradhArI) ho jAya, athavA zIta meM aura kamI ho rahI ho, to dUsare vastra ko bhI chor3akara ekazATaka ( ekavastradhArI, ekacelaka) bana jAya, athavA zIta bilakula samApta ho gayI ho, to usa ekazATaka kA bhI tyAga kara de aura acela ho jaay| isa taraha acela hokara vaha apane ko bhAramukta (lAghavika) kara letA hai aura usase tapa kI ArAdhanA hotI hai| "8 yahA~ sAdhu ke pAsa yadi tInavastra hoM, to unameM se eka kama kara dene para use avamacela kahA gayA hai, do kama kara dene para ekazATaka ( ekacelaka ) 9 tathA sarvathA vastrarahita ho jAne para acela saMjJA dI gaI hai| isI prakAra " je bhikkhU acele parivusie tasya NaM bhikkhussa evaM bhavai-cAemi ahaM taNaphAsaM ahiyAsittae sIyaphAsaM ahiyAsittae teuphAsaM ahiyAsittae daMsamasagaphAsaM ahiyAsittae egayare annatare virUvarUve phAse ahiyAsittae, hiripaDicchAyaNaM cahaM no saMcAemi ahiAsittae, evaM se kapper3a kaDibaMdhaNaM dhArittae / aduvA tattha parAkkamaMtaM bhujjo acelaM taNaphAsA phusanti sIyaphAsA phusanti teuphAsA phusanti daMsamasaphA phusanti ega-yare annayare virUvarUve phAse ahiyAsei, acele lAghaviyaM AgamamANe jAva samabhijjANiyA / " ( AcArAMga / 1/7/7/220-221) / anuvAda - "jo sAdhu vastrarahita hokara saMyama ke mArga meM vyavasthita hai, usake mana meM yadi aisA vicAra AtA hai ki maiM tRNajanita vedanA saha sakatA hU~, zIta kI vedanA saha sakatA hU~, uSNatA kI vedanA saha sakatA hU~, DA~sa-macchara kI vedanA sahana kara sakatA hU~, aura eka yA aneka anukUla-pratikUla duHkhoM ko sahana kara sakatA hU~, parantu lajjA ke kAraNa guhya pradeza ke AcchAdana kA tyAga karane meM samartha nahIM hU~, to usa sAdhu ko kaTibandhana (kaTivastra = colapaTTaka) dhAraNa karanA ucita hai| (yadi ukta kAraNa na ho, to acela hI rahanA cAhie ) / jo acela vicaraNa karatA hai, use tRNasparza - parISaha pIr3ita karatA hai, zItaparISaha trAsa detA hai, uSNaparISaha santApa detA hai, DA~sa-macchara pIr3A pahu~cAte haiM aura eka yA aneka anukUla-pratikUla parISaha Ate 8. 'athavA --- vAte vAti satyAtmaparitulanArthaM zItaparIkSArthaM ca sAntarottaro bhavet, sAntaramuttaraM prAvaraNIyaM yasya sa tathA, kvacit prAvRNoti, kvacit pArzvavartti bibharti, zItAzaGkayA nAdyApi parityajati / athavA'vamacela ekakalpaparityAgAt dvikalpadhArItyarthaH, athavA zanai: zanaiH zIte'pagacchati sati dvitIyamapi kalpaM parityajet tata ekazATakaH saMvRttaH / athavAtyantike zItAbhAve tadapi parityajedato'celo bhavati / --- vastraparityAgaM kurvataH sAdhostapo'bhisamanvAgataM bhavati, kAyaklezasya tapobhedatvAt / " zIlAMkAcAryavRtti / AcArAMga / 1/7/4/209-210 / 9. " acelo'pyekacelakAdikaM nAvamanyate / " vahI / 1/6/3/182 | 44 For Personal & Private Use Only

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164 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra01 haiM, unheM vaha bhalIbhA~ti sahana karatA hai| isa prakAra acela muni upakaraNoM aura karmoM ke bhAra se mukta ho jAtA hai||10 yahA~ acela sAdhu ko lajjAvijaya meM asamartha hone para eka colapaTTaka (la~goTa) dhAraNa karane kI anumati dI gayI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki lajjA ko jItane meM samartha ho, to acela hI vicaraNa kare, kyoMki isase parISahajaya kA avasara milatA hai, jo sAdhu ko karmabhAra se mukta hone meM sahAyaka hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jaba colapaTTaka bhI zarIra para na ho, taba sAdhu acela kahalAtA hai| colapaTTaka dhAraNa kara lene para sacela ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga meM sarvathA vastrarahita sAdhu ko hI 'acela' kahA gayA hai, alpavastravAle ko nhiiN| ekamAtra colapaTTakavAle muni ko bhI sacela hI kahA gayA hai| digambaragrantha bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM AcArya aparAjita sUri ne zvetAmbara-Agama uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI nimnalikhita gAthAe~ uddhRta kI haiM, jo vartamAna uttarAdhyayana meM upalabdha nahIM hotIM paricattesu vatthesu Na puNo celmaadie| acelapavaro bhikkhU jiNarUvadhare sadA / / sacelago sukhI bhavadi asukho cAvi acelgo| ahaM tu sacelo hokkhAmi idi bhikkhU Na ciNte||11 anuvAda-"sAdhu ko vastra tyAga kara punaH grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie , acela rahakara sadA jinarUpadhArI rahanA caahie| use yaha vicAra mana meM nahIM lAnA 10.ka-"kintvahaM hI lajjA tayA guhyapradezasya pracchAdanaM hrIpracchAdanaM, taccAhaM tyaktuM na shknomi| etacca prakRtilajjAlukatayA sAdhanavikRtarUpatayA vA syaat| evamebhiH kAraNaiH --- tasya kalpate yujyate 'kaTibandhanaM' colapaTTakaM kartuM, sa ca vistareNa caturaGgalAdhiko hasto dairyeNa kaTipramANa iti, gnnnaaprmaannenaikH| punaretAni kAraNani na syuH tato'cela eva praakrmet| acelatayA zItAdisparzaM smygdhisheteti| --- sa evaM kAraNasadbhAve sati vastraM vibhRyAdathavA naivAsau jiheti tato'cela eva praakmet|" zIlAMkAcAryavRtti / AcArAMga / 1/7/7/220-221 / / kha-hindI anavAda : mani zrI saubhAgyamalajI mahArAja/AcArAMgasatra / prathama zrutaskandha/ pR. 559 / 11.paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / pUrvapIThikA / pR.526 tathA jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-premI/ pra.saM./ pR.51 para uddhRt| For Personal & Private Use Only

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zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 165 a0 3 / pra0 1 cAhie ki vastradhArI sukhI rahatA hai aura vastratyAgI duHkhI, isalie maiM vastradhAraNa kruuNgaa|" yahA~ bhI jinarUpadhara (digambaravezadhArI) ko hI acela kahA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki AcArAMgAdi AgamoM meM 'acela' zabda kA prayoga 'alpacela' artha meM kahIM bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai, sarvatra 'sarvathA vastrarahita' artha meM hI kiyA gayA hai| 'acela ' zabda para 'alpacela' artha Aropita karane kA zreya vyAkhyAkAroM ko hai / ataH siddha hai ki zvetAmbara - AgamoM ke anusAra bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ne jinarUpa (digambaraveza) dhAraNa karane kA hI upadeza diyA thA, sacelarUpa dhAraNa karane kA nahIM, isalie digambaraparamparA bhagavAn RSabhadeva - jitanI prAcIna hai| 7 AcArAMga-sthAnAMga meM acelatva kI zreSThatA kA varNana AcArAMga meM acelakadharma yA digambaraliMga ke aneka guNa batalAye gaye haiM / yathA, usase ArttadhyAna ke eka bar3e kAraNa kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai, parISaha sahane kA avasara milatA hai, tathA tapa saMbhava hotA hai| nimnalikhita sUtra draSTavya hai "eyaM khu muNI AyANaM sayA suyakkhAyadhamme vihUyakappe nijjhosaittA, je acele parivusie tasya NaM bhikkhussa no evaM bhavai - parijuNNe me vatthe vatthaM jAissAmi, suttaM jAissAmi, sUI jAissAmi, saMdhissAmi, sIvissAmi, ukkasissAmi, vukkasissAmi, parihissAmi, pAuNissAmi / aduvA tattha parikkamaMtaM bhujjo acelaM taNaphAsA phusaMti, sIyaphAsA phusaMti, teuphAsA phusaMti, daMsamasagaphAsA phusaMti, egayare annayare virUvarUve phAse ahiyAsei acele lAghavaM AgamamANe, tave se abhisamannAgae bhavai, jaheyaM bhagavayA paveiyaM tameva abhisamiccA savvao savvattAe saMmattameva samabhijANijjA, evaM tesiM mahAvIrANaM cirarAyaM puvvAiM vAsANi rIyamANANaM daviyANaM pAsa ahiyAsiyaM / " ( AcArAMga /1/6/3/182) / anuvAda - " dharma ko acchI taraha jAnanevAlA aura AcAra kA pAlana karanevAlA jo muni karmabandha ke kAraNabhUta vastrAdi ko chor3akara acela (nirvastra) rahatA hai, use yaha cintA nahIM satAtI ki merA vastra jIrNa ho gayA hai, aba mujhe vastra kI yAcanA karanI hai, vastra sIne ke liye dhAgA mA~ganA hai, suI mA~ganI hai, phaTe vastra ko sIlanA hai, choTe vastra ko dUsarA vastra jor3akara bar3A karanA hai, bar3e vastra ko choTA karanA hai, use pahanU~ yA oDhU~ / athavA vastrarahita muni ko bhramaNa karate hue tRNa cubhA hai, ThaMDa lagatI hai, garmI lagatI hai, DA~sa - macchara kATate haiM, to aise vividha parISahoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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166 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra01 ko vaha karmabhAra se halkA hone kA kAraNa mAnakara sahana karatA hai| isase tapa hotA hai|"12 sacela hone para sAdhu ko jo Upara kahI gayIM vibhinna cintAe~ hotI haiM, unheM ArtadhyAna yA apadhyAna kahate haiN|13 acela (sarvathA nagna) rahane para vaha ArttadhyAna nahIM hotA tathA parISahajaya aura tapa sampanna hote haiN| ye aceladharma arthAt digambaraliMga ke guNa haiN| AcArAMga meM inakA varNana kara digambaraliMga kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| isase digambara-sAdhanApaddhati kI pUrvavartitA siddha hotI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI pA~ca kAraNoM se acelaka dharma kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| kahA gayA hai-"paMcahi ThANehi acelae pasatthe bhvi| taM jahA appapaDilehA, lAghavie pasatthe, rUve vesAsie, aNuNNAe, viule iNdiynigghe|" (sthA. sUtra / 5/3 /347/ 150) arthAt nimnalikhita pA~ca kAraNoM se acelaka sAdhu prazasta hotA hai 1. acelaka kI pratilekhanA alpa hotI hai| 2. acelaka kA lAghava prazasta hotA hai| 3. acelakaveza vizvAsa ke yogya hotA hai| 4. acelaka kA tapa anujJAta (jina-anumata) hotA hai| 5. acelaka ke vipula indriyanigraha hotA hai| zvetAmbarAgamoM meM acelakalpa kI yaha prazaMsA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki digambaraparamparA zvetAmbaraparamparA kI utpatti ke pUrva se calI A rahI thI aura vaha prazasta paddhati hai| jasTisa zrI ema0 ela0 jaina (215, mandAkinI enkleva, alakanaMdA, dillI-110019) ne bhI 'zvetAmbara-Agama aura digambaratva' nAmaka apane lekha meM AcArAMga ke pUrvoddhata vacana evaM bhagavatIsatra (zataka 1/uddezaka 9/pra.206-209 evaM 296-300/jinAgama prakAzana sabhA mumbaI / vi0 saM0 1854) ke vacana uddhRta kara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM digambaratva ko bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa evaM zreSTha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| unakA yaha lekha vIrasevA mandira ke traimAsika patra anekAnta (apraila-jUna 1993) meM tathA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI kI traimAsika zodhapatrikA zramaNa (apraila-jUna 2006) meM prakAzita huA hai| 12. hindI anuvAda : muni zrI saubhAgyamala jI mhaaraaj| 13. "tasyAcelasya bhikSo tad bhavati, yathA parijIrNaM me vastra, chidraM pATitaM cetyamevAdi vastragata mapadhyAnaM na bhvti|" zIlAMkAcArya-vRtti / AcArAMga /1/6/3/182 / pR. 221 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra01 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 167 AcArAMgAnusAra dravyaparigraha bhI parigraha digambarajaina-paramparA meM vastrAdi dravyaparigraha tathA mUrchArUpa bhAvaparigraha, donoM ko parigraha mAnA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki donoM ke tyAga se hI sAdhu aparigrahI hotA hai| kintu pazcAtkAlIna zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne vastrapAtrAdi-dravyaparigraha ko parigraha kI paribhASA se bAhara karane ke lie unheM dharmopakaraNoM kI saMjJA dekara kahA ki dharmopakaraNoM ko rakhanA parigraha nahIM hai, apitu unameM mUrchA (mamatva) karanA parigraha hai| isalie vastrapAtrAdi ko rakhate hue bhI unameM mUrchA na karane se sAdhu aparigrahI hotA hai| parigraha kI yaha navIna paribhASA dazavaikAlikasUtra meM isa prakAra pratipAdita kI gayI hai jaM pi vatthaM va pAyaM vA kaMbalaM paaypuNchnnN| taM pi saMjamalajalA dhAraMti pariharaMti a // 6/19 // na so pariggaho vutto NAyaputteNa taainnaa| mucchA pariggaho vutto ia vuttaM mhesinnaa|| 6/20 // anuvAda-"sAdhu jo bhI vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdaprauJchana (rajoharaNa) dhAraNa karatA hai aura unakA upabhoga karatA hai, usakA prayojana saMyama aura lajjA kA pAlana hai| saMyamalajjApAlaka vastrapAtrAdi ke rakhane ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne parigraha nahIM kahA hai, apitu unameM mUrchA karane ko parigraha kahA hai|" ('pariharanti ca paribhuJjate c'| haaribhdriiyvRtti)| kintu AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki thor3A bhI paradravya rakhanA parigraha hai "AvaMti keyAvaMtI logaMsi pariggahAvaMtI, se appaM vA bahuM vA aNuM vA thUlaM vA cittamaMtaM vA acittamaMtaM vA eesu ceva pariggahAvaMtI, etadeva egesiM mahabbhayaM bhavai, logavittaM ca NaM uvehAe, ee saMge aviyaanno|" (AcArAMga / 1/5/2/150) / anuvAda-"loka meM jitane bhI parigrahavAle muni haiM, unakA parigraha thor3A ho yA bahuta, sUkSma ho yA sthUla, cetana ho yA acetana, ve saba ina parigrahavAle gRhasthoM meM hI antarbhUta hote haiN| yaha parigraha inake lie mahAbhaya (kA kAraNa) hai| saMsAra kI dazA jAnakara ise chodd'o| jisake pAsa yaha parigraha nahIM hotA, use mahAbhaya nahIM hotaa|" 14. "etena ca parigraheNa parigrahavantaH santaH eteSveva parigrahavatsu gRhastheSvantarvartino, vratino'pi syuH|" zIlAMkAcArya-vRtti/AcArAMga/1/5/2/150 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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168 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra0 1 isa sUtra meM prayukta alpa - bahu, sUkSma-sthUla aura cetana-acetana vizeSaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki yahA~ dravyaparigraha ( bAhyaparigraha) para jora diyA gayA hai, use mahAbhaya kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai, jisase sUcita hotA hai ki vaha mUrcchA kA kAraNa hone se narakAdi ke bhayAnaka duHkhoM kA hetu banatA hai / 15 yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki aNumAtra bhI parigraha rakhane para sAdhu 'sAdhu' nahIM rahatA, gRhasthoM kI zreNI meM calA jAtA hai| isa sUtra meM vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdaprauMchana ke parigraha ko saMyama aura lajjA kA upakaraNa kahakara parigraha kI paribhASA se mukta nahIM kiyA gayA hai, balki sUtra 182 meM sacelatva ko apadhyAna kA kAraNa batalAkara parigraha kI paribhASA ke bhItara kara diyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, pA. Ti. 13) / isa prakAra AcArAMga meM parigraha kI digambaramAnya paribhASA kI upalabdhi digambaramata kI pUrvavartitA ghoSita karatI hai| 9 parISahajaya evaM tapa ke lie pUrNanirvastratA kI anuzaMsA AcArAMga meM parISahajaya ke lie pUrNanagnatA kI anuzaMsA kI gayI hai| pUrva meM 'je bhikkhU acele parivusie' tathA 'aduvA tattha parAkkamaMtaM' ityAdi sUtra kramAMka 220-221 uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, jinameM kahA gayA hai ki yadi bhikkhu zItAdi parISaha to sahana kara sakatA ho, kintu guhyapradeza ke nirAvaraNa rahane se lajjita hotA ho, to use kevala kaTivastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie / kintu yadi yaha kAraNa na ho, to use nagna hI rahanA cAhie, kyoMki nagna rahane se tRNAdi ke cubhane, ThaMDa-garmI lagane, DA~samacchara Adi ke kATane se jo pIr3Ae~ hotI haiM, unheM vaha bhalIbhA~ti sahana karatA hai, jisase upakaraNoM aura karmoM ke bhAra se mukta ho jAtA hai| isase yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki savastra avasthA se nirvastra avasthA adhika lAbhakArI hai| nirvastra rahane para bhikkhu jisa karmabhAra se mukta hotA hai, 16 usase savastra rahane para nahIM hotA / pUrva meM AcArAMga ke 'aha puNa evaM jAMNijjA' ityAdi sUtra 209 - 210 bhI uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, jinameM kahA gayA hai ki zItAdiparISaha na saha pAne ke kAraNa sAdhu jo vastra dhAraNa karatA hai, unheM zItAdi kI bAdhAe~ samApta ho jAne para tyAga --- 15. " etadeva --- parigrahavattvaM - parigrahavatAM narakAdigamanahetutvAt sarvasyAvizvAsakAraNAdvA mahAbhayaM bhavati / " zIlAMkAcArya-vRtti / AcArAMga / 1/5/2/150 / 16. "zarIropakaraNakarmmaNi vA lAghavamAgamayan vastraparityAgaM kuryAditi / " zIlAMkAcArya-vRtti / AcArAMga /1/7/3/210 / pR. 251 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03 / pra01 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 169 denA cAhie, kyoMki vastra parityAga kara dene para sAdhu ko kAyaklezarUpa tapa kA lAbha hotA hai|17 __ bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI 'Acelakkuddesiya' gAthA (423) kI TIkA meM aparAjita sUri likhate haiM-"idaM cAcelatAprasAdhanaparaM zItadaMzamazakatRNasparzaparISahasahanavacanaM priisshsuutressu| na hi sacelaM zItAdayo baadhnte|" (pR.326)| anuvAda-"parISahasUtroM meM (uttarAdhyayana meM) jo zIta, daMzamazaka, tRNasparza Adi pIr3AoM ko sahana karane ke vacana haiM, unase siddha hotA hai ki sAdhu ko acela (sarvathA nagna) rahane kA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai, kyoMki savastra ko zItAdi kI pIr3Ae~ nahIM hotiiN|" zvetAmbara-AgamoM ke ye vacana ki parISahajaya aura kAyakleza-tapa pUrNa nagna avasthA meM hI saMbhava hai, siddha karate haiM ki muni ke lie mUlataH pUrNanagna rahane kA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai| ina vacanoM se digambaratva kI pUrvavartitA pramANita hotI hai| 10 digambaratva utsargamArga, sAmbaratva apavAdamArga sthAnAMga meM vidhAna kiyA gayA hai ki kevala tIna paristhitiyoM meM vastradhAraNa karanA caahie| ve tIna paristhitiyA~ haiM : hrI-pratyaya (lajjA kA anubhava), jugupsApratyaya (lokanindA kA bhaya) tathA parISaha-pratyaya (zItAdi kI pIr3A sahane meM asamarthatA)"tihiM ThANehiM vatthaM dhaarejaa| taM jahA hirivattiyaM, duguMchAvattiyaM, priish-vttiyN|" (sthA. sU./3/3/347/150) lajjA kI anubhUti do kAraNoM se ho sakatI hai : jananendriya ke kurUpa hone se tathA striyoM ko dekhakara liMgotthAna ho jAne se|8 inhIM kAraNoM se lokanindA kA 17. "tasya vastraparityAgaM kurvataH sAdhostapo'bhisamanvAgataM bhavati, kAyaklezasya tpobhedtvaat|" vhii| 18.ka-"tatra prajanane mehane 'veuvvi tti' vaikriye vikRte tathA aprAvRte'nAvRte, vAtike cotsUnatva bhAjane, hriyA lajjayA satyA, khaDDe bRhatpramANe 'liMgudayaTTha tti' strIdarzane liGgodayarakSaNArthaM ca paTa-zcolapaTTo mata iti|" hema.vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2575-79/pR. 516 / kha-"AryikANAmAgame anujJAtaM vastraM, kAraNApekSayA bhikSUNAm hrImAnayogyazarIrAvayavo duzcarmAbhilambamAnabIjo vA parISahasahane vA akSamaH sa gRhnnaati|" vijayodayATIkA / bha. A. / gA. 'Acelakkuddesiya' 423 / pR. 324 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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170 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra01 bhI bhaya ho sakatA hai| yadi ukta tIna kAraNa na hoM, to sAdhu ko nagna hI rahanA caahie| AcArAMga ke pUrvoddhRta vacanoM meM bhI aisA hI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbaraAgamoM meM bhI digambaratva kA hI mukhyataH vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vastradhAraNa kI anumati to kAraNAzrita hone se ApavAdika hai| digambarasampradAya meM bhI vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM mumukSuoM ko vastradhAraNa kI anumati hai, kintu vastradhAraNa karanevAle sAdhakoM ko munitulya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| unakA AdhyAtmika stara muniyoM se hIna hotA hai| unheM antataH vastra tyAgakara muni bananA hotA hai, tabhI ve mokSa kI sAdhanA ke yogya banate haiN| sAra yaha hai ki zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM sAdhuoM ke lie digambaracaryA kA hI mukhyataH vidhAna hai| yadyapi zvetAmbaraparamparA meM usakA AcaraNa kabhI nahIM kiyA gayA, isake viparIta use jinakalpa nAma dekara vyucchinna ghoSita kara diyA gayA, tathApi AcArAMga-sthAnAMga Adi meM use zreSTha aura hrI-jugupsAdi kAraNoM ke abhAva meM grAhya batalAyA gayA hai, ataH digambaramArga kI pUrvavartitA siddha hotI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya prakaraNa uttaravartI sAhitya meM digambarIya siddhAntoM kA khaNDana zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne acelakatA ke itihAsa ko miTAne kA kauzalapUrNa prayAsa kiyA hai / vaha kauzala hai paribhASAoM ko badalanA, viparIta vyAkhyAe~, tathA AdhArahIna kalpanAe~ krnaa| parigraha kI paribhASA badalI gaI, 'acela' aura 'nagna' zabdoM kI viparIta vyAkhyAe~ kI gayIM, nAmamAtra ke acela, vastutaH sacela - jinakalpa aura sacela-sthavirakalpa kA bheda paidA kiyA gayA, pazcAt jinakalpa ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA bhI kara dI gayI, tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha sarvasAdharmya kA niSedha kiyA gayA, acelatva ko saMyama meM bAdhaka karAra diyA gayA tathA 'vastra grahaNa kiye binA saMyama aura mokSa saMbhava nahIM' isa svakalpita mata ko jinAjJA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gyaa| isase yaha phalita kiyA gayA ki . bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vAstava meM acelakadharma kA nahIM, saceladharma kA upadeza diyA hai| Aiye, aceladharma ke sthAna meM saceladharma ko jinopadiSTa siddha karane ke una kauzalapUrNa tarIkoM para najara DAleM / 1 parigraha kI paramparAgata paribhASA kA khaNDana pUrva (prakaraNa 1 / zI. 8) meM 'dazavaikAlika' kI do gAthAe~ (6 / 19-20 ) uddhRta kI gayI haiM, jinameM kahA gayA hai - " sAdhu jo vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdaprauJchana rakhatA hai, vaha parigraha nahIM hai, apitu una vastra - pAtrAdi meM mUrcchA (mamatva) karanA parigraha hai / " isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usa samaya yaha mAnyatA pracalita thI ki sAdhu kA vastrapAtrAdi rakhanA parigraha hai / parigraha kI isa paribhASA ke anusAra aparigrahI hone ke lie vastrAdi kA sarvathA tyAga Avazyaka hai| yaha paribhASA una sAdhuoM ke pratikUla thI, jinhoMne vastrapAtrAdi rakhanA zurU kara diyA thaa| ataH unhoMne parigraha kI paramparAgata paribhASA ko hI aprAmANika ghoSita kara diyA aura kahanA zurU kara diyA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vastrapAtrAdi rakhane ko parigraha nahIM kahA hai, balki unameM mUrcchA karane ko parigraha kahA hai| aisA hI unhoMne zAstroM meM bhI likha diyaa| isa paribhASA se unhoMne parigraha rakhate hue bhI apane ko aparigrahI siddha kara liyA / parigraha kI pUrvapracalita paribhASA ke khaNDana se siddha hotA hai ki usa paribhASA ko mAnanevAlI paramparA pUrva se calI A rahI thI, anyathA khaNDana kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA thaa| yaha khaNDana zvetAmbaramAnyatAnusAra vIranirvANa ke lagabhaga 75 varSa bAda 19 19. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA / pR. 562 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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172 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra0 2 (452 I0 pU0) hue AcArya zayyambhava ne apane 'dazavaikAlikasUtra' nAmaka grantha meM kiyA hai, jisase prakaTa hotA hai ki vastrapAtrAdi rakhane ko parigraha mAnanevAlI digambaraparamparA kA astitva 452 I0 pU0 meM thA / suprasiddha zvetAmbara santa zrI devendramuni zAstrI ke nimnalikhita vaktavya se bhI isa tathya kA samarthana hotA hai| ve likhate haiM " sambhavataH prabhava svAmI 20 ke samaya meM hI paraspara meM matabheda ke bIja panapane lage hoNge| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM AcArya zayyaMbhava ne spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki vastra rakhanA parigraha nahIM hai / saMyama aura lajjA ke nimitta vastra rakhane ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne parigraha nahIM kahA hai / isa kathana se aisA lagatA hai ki usa samaya saMgha meM Antarika matabheda prArambha ho gayA thA / " 21 digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kA sampUrNa matabheda parigraha kI uparyukta (dazavaikAlikasUtra-nirdiSTa) paribhASA para hI TikA huA hai| uttarakAlIna sabhI zvetAmbara granthakAroM ne isa paribhASA ko vibhinna yuktiyoM se puSTa kara apanI sagranthAvasthA ko bhI nirgrantha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / yathA, vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM zrI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kahate haiM tamhA kimatthi vatthaM gaMtho'gaMtho va savvahA loe / gaMtho'gaMtho va mao mucchamamucchAhiM nicchayao // 2573 // vatthAiM teNa jaM jaM saMjamasAhaNamarAga-dosassa / taM tamapariggaho cciya pariggaho jaM taduvaghAI // 2574 // anuvAda - "koI bhI vastu apane-Apa meM grantha (parigraha ) yA agrantha (aparigraha ) nahIM hotI, apitu jisa vastu meM mUrcchA hotI hai, vaha grantha kahalAtI hai aura jisameM mUrcchA nahIM hotI vaha agrantha / ataH rAgadveSarahita jIva ke pAsa jo vastrAdirUpa saMyama ke sAdhana hote haiM, ve parigraha nahIM haiM, jo usake upaghAtaka haiM, ve parigraha haiM / " digambaramata ke anusAra vastrapAtrAdi parISahajanya pIr3A ke nivAraNArtha grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, ataH dehasukha ke sAdhana hone se mUrcchA (sukhecchA) ke phala haiM aura mUrcchA ke hetu haiM, ataH unameM mUrcchA utpanna na hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA, phalasvarUpa ve parigraha hI haiN| isakA vistAra se spaSTIkaraNa Age kiyA jAyegA / 20. prabhavasvAmI AcArya zayyaMbhava ke pUrvavartI the / ( vahI / pRSTha 562) / 29. vahI / pRSTha 562 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 173 parigraha kI isa digambaramAnya paramparAgata paribhASA kA khaNDana zvetAmbarAcArya zayyaMbhava dvArA dazavaikAlikasUtra kI pUrvokta gAthAoM meM kiyA gayA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki digambaraparamparA kA astitva AcArya zayyaMbhava (452 I0 pU0) ke pUrva thaa| jinakalpa kA nAma dekara acelatva ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA zrI jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne boTikamatotpattikathA meM zivabhUti ke mukha se mokSArthI ke lie jisa jinakalpa ke grAhya hone kA varNana karAyA hai, vaha akSarazaH digambara jaina muni ke acelaliMga kA varNana hai| use vaha niSparigraha evaM tIrthaMkaroM dvArA gRhIta acelaliMga kahatA hai| vastrapAtrAdi-parigraha ko vaha kaSAya, bhaya, mUrchAdi doSoM kA kAraNa batalAtA hai| isa prakAra usake samasta tarka evaM mAnyatAe~ digambarajainamatAnugAmI haiN| isakA vistAra se nirUpaNa dvitIya adhyAya (pra.2 / zI. 5) meM kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi guru AryakRSNa dvArA varNita jinakalpa kisI na kisI rUpa meM sacela hai, tathApi zivabhUti jisa tIrthaMkaravat yA digambarajaina-munivat acelaliMga ko mokSArthI ke lie grAhya batalAtA hai, use bhI guru AryakRSNa jinakalpa kahakara jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda vyucchinna huA ghoSita kara dete haiN| (dekhiye, adhyAya 2/pra.3/zI. 3.5) / zivabhUti use hI dhAraNa kara zvetAmbarasaMgha se alaga ho jAtA hai tathA apane ziSyoM ko usI acelaliMga kI dIkSA detA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambara jainamata ko jambUsvAmI ke pUrva se arthAt na kevala tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke kAla se, apitu tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke yuga se pracalita svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 2/ pra. 2/ shii.10.5)| kevala use jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda vyucchinna mAna liyA gayA hai| vyucchinna mAnanA hI usake pUrvapracalita hone kA pramANa hai| suprasiddha zvetAmbara muni zrI nagarAja jI DI0 liTa0 ke nimnalikhita vacanoM se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai-"zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM jinakalpa tathA sthavirakalpa ke rUpa meM nagna aura savastra, donoM muni-AcAra-vidhiyoM kA nirUpaNa hai| phalataH isase zvetAmbara-zramaNa-AcAra ke sAtha-sAtha digambara-zramaNa-AcAra ko bhI puSTi milatI hai| digambara, jina zAstroM ko aprAmANika kaheM, unhIM zAstroM se digambara-AcAra kA samarthana ho, yaha zvetAmbaroM ko kaba svIkAra hotA? yaha asambhAvya nahIM jAna par3atA ki kahIM isI pratikriyA ke phalasvarUpa to zvetAmbaroM ne Arya jambU ke pazcAt jinakalpa kA viccheda ghoSita na kara diyA ho, jisase usakA zAstrIya samarthana asAmayika evaM anupAdeya bana jaaye| anveSaka evaM samIkSaka vidvAn jAnate haiM ki dharma-sampradAya ke itihAsa For Personal & Private Use Only

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174 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra02 meM aisI ghaTanAe~ aghaTanIya nahIM hotiiN|" (Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana / khaNDa 2/pR. 558) / mUrdhanya zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 becaradAsa jI ke vicAroM se bhI ukta tathya sampuSTa hotA hai| unake vicAra dvitIya adhyAya meM uddhRta kiye gaye haiN|22 sacela ke lie 'acelaka' zabda kA vyavahAra prasiddha batalAne kA prayAsa 3.1. mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM sacelakadharma kA astitva nahIM yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki zvetAmbaragranthoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM sacelakadharma kA astitva hI siddha nahIM hotA, kyoMki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kevala acelakadharma kA upadeza diyA thA aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kaa|23 tathA kalpaniyukti kI 'Acelakkudesiya' ityAdi gAthA meM varNana hai ki sAdhuoM ke dasa kalpoM (AcAroM) meM 'Acelakya' (acelatva) pahalA kalpa (AcAra) hai| arthAt sAdhu ke lie acelatva dhAraNa karanA anivArya hai|4 ina kathanoM se siddha hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sacelakadharma kA upadeza nahIM diyA thA, ve kevala acelakadharma ke upadezaka the| isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vartamAna meM pracalita sacelakadharma tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA anupadiSTa, nihnavamata hai| kevala digambarajainamata acelakadharma kA anuyAyI hone ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa ThaharatA hai| yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vartamAna meM pracalita sacelakadharma tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dvArA upadiSTa hai, kyoMki unakA tIrthakAla bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrthaMkara hote hI samApta ho gayA thaa| aba tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA tIrthakAla pracalita hai| usameM sacelakadharma kA upadeza nahIM hai| 3.2. viparItArtha-prarUpaNa dvArA mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM sacelakadharma kI siddhi kA prayAsa zrI jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa tathA zrI saMghadAsagaNi-kSamAzramaNa kI dRSTi jaba uparyukta tathya para gayI, to unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM saceladharma kA upadeza siddha karane ke lie ulaTI gaMgA bahAne kA eka adbhuta upAya DhU~r3ha nikaalaa| unhoMne rAta 22. dekhie , adhyAya 2/ prakaraNa 3/ zIrSaka 3.10 / 23. dekhiye, isI adhyAya kA prathama prakaraNa / zIrSaka 5 / 24. dekhiye, isI adhyAya kA prathama prakaraNa / zIrSaka 5 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 175 ko dina kahane ke samAna yaha ghoSita kara diyA ki 'acela' zabda kA artha 'acela' bhI hotA hai aura 'sacela' bhii| kisI ko acela hone para hI acela kahate haiM, kisI ko sacela hone para bhI 'acela' zabda se pukArate haiN| tIrthaMkara acela hone ke kAraNa hI acela kahalAte haiM aura sAmAnya sAdhu sacela hone para bhI acela kahalAte haiN| isakI yuktisaMgatatA unhoMne loka meM prayojanavizeSa se kabhI-kabhI prayukta honevAlI ulaTI bhASA (vakrokti yA asaMgatokti) ke dRSTAntoM se siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| zrI jinabhadragaNI vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM likhate haiM sadasaMtacelago'celago yajaM logsmysNsiddho| teNAcelA muNao saMtehiM jiNA asNtehiN|| 2598 // parisuddha juNNa kucchia thovaa'niyynnbhogbhogehiN| muNao mucchArahiyA saMtehiM acelayA hoNti|| 2599 // jaha jalamavagAhaMto bahucelo vi sirvetttthiykddillo| bhaNNai naro acelo taha muNao saMtacelA vi|| 2600 // taha thova-junna-kucchiyacelehi vi bhannae acelo tti| jaha tUrattara sAliya! lahuM do pottiM naggiyA mo tti|| 2601 // anuvAda-"yataH loka aura samaya (Agama) meM sacela aura acela donoM ke lie 'acelaka' zabda prasiddha hai,25 ataH sAmAnya sAdhu sacela hone para bhI acela kahalAte haiM aura tIrthaMkara acela hone ke kAraNa hI acela zabda se abhihita hote haiN|" (2598) "mUrchArahita muni parizuddha (eSaNIya), jIrNa (purAne), kutsita (nissAra= anupayogI), stoka (alpa) aura aniyatabhoga (kabhI-kabhI sevana kiye jAne vAle) vastroM ko dhAraNa karane para bhI acelaka kahalAte haiN|" (2599) / __ "jaise koI puruSa nadI pAra karate samaya bhIga jAne ke bhaya se kaTivastra utArakara sira para lapeTa letA hai, to usake dvArA vastra kA upabhoga kiye jAne para bhI loga use acela (nagna) kahate haiM, vaise hI muni vastradhAraNa karate hue bhI acela kahalAte haiN|" (2600) / "tathA jaise koI bahuchidrayukta purAnI sAr3I pahane huI strI julAhe ke pAsa jAkara kahatI hai ki mujhe zIghra naI sAr3I bunakara do, maiM naMgI hU~, vaise hI alpa, 25. "sati asati ca cele'celakatvasyAgame loke ca ruuddhktvaat---|" hemacandrasUri-vRtti/ vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2598 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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176 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 jIrNa aura maile-kucaile vastradhAraNa karanevAle sAdhu ko bhI nagna kahA jAtA hai|"(2601)26 prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM dvArA upadiSTa acelakadharma meM 'acela' zabda se acela aura sacela donoM arthoM ke grAhya hone kA samarthana zrI saMghadAsagaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne bhI bRhatkalpasUtra ke laghubhASya meM nimnalikhita gAthAoM dvArA kiyA hai Acelakkudesiya sijjAyara rAyapiMDa kitikmme| bata jeTTha paDikkamaNe mAsaM pjjosvnnkppe|| 6364 // isa gAthA meM muniyoM ke lie 'Acelakya' Adi dasa kalpa (AcAra) Avazyaka batalAkara 'Acelakya' zabda se acelatva ke sAtha sacelatva bhI grAhya hai, isakA samarthana karane ke lie zrI saMghadAsagaNI kahate haiM duviho hoti acelo saMtAcelo asaMtacelo y| titthagara asaMtacelA saMtAcelA bhave sesaa|| 6365 // anuvAda-"acela do prakAra ke hote hai: sad-acela (vastra-sahita acela) tathA asad-acela (vastrarahita acel)| tIrthaMkara vastrarahita acela haiM, zeSa sAdhu vastrasahita acel|" aura sacela ke lie acela-zabda ke vyavahAra kA samarthana bhI zrI saMghadAsagaNI ne unhIM do dRSTAntoM (1. kaTivastra ko sira para lapeTakara nadI pAra karanevAle puruSa evaM 2. julAhe se zIghra sAr3I bunakara dene ke lie kahanevAlI jIrNa-sAr3IdhArI strI) se kiyA hai, jinase zrI jinabhadragaNI ne kiyA hai| yathA sIsAveDhiyaputtaM NadiuttaraNammi naggayaM veNti| juNNehi NaggiyA mI tura sAliya! dehi me pottiN|| 6366 // junnehiM khaMDiehi ya asavvataNupAutehiM Na ya nniccN| saMtehi~ vi NiggaMthA acelagA hoMti celehiN|| 6367 // 'acela' zabda se 'acela' aura 'sacela' ye do artha abhipreta batalAkara zrI saMghadAsagaNI eka zaMkA uThAkara usakA samAdhAna prastuta gAthA meM karate haiM 26. "jIrNAdibhirapi vastrairacelakatvaM lokarUDhameveti --- yatheha kApi yoSit kaTIveSTitajIrNa bahucchidrekasATikA kaJcit kaulikaM vadati- tvarasva bhoH zAlika! zIghro bhUtvA madIyapottI zATikAM nirvApya dadasva samarpaya, nagnikA vrte'hm| tadiha savastrAyAmapi yoSiti naagnyvaackshbdprvRtteH---|" hemacandrasUrikRta-vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2601 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 2 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 177 evaM duggata-pahitA acelagA hoMti te bhave buddhI / te khalu asaMtatIe dhareMti Na tu dhammabuddhIe // 6368 // isakA spaSTIkaraNa vRttikAra AcArya zrI kSemakIrti ne ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai "yadi jIrNa - khaNDitAdibhirvastraiH prAvRtaiH sAdhavo'celakAstata evaM durgatAzca daridrAH pathikAzca--- te'pyacelakA bhavantIti 'te' tava buddhiH syAt tatrocyatete khalu durgata-pathikAH 'asattayA' nava-vyUta - sadazakAdInAM vastrANAmasampattyA parijIrNAdIni vAsAMsi dhArayanti, na punadharmabuddhyA / ato bhAvatastadviSayamUrcchApariNAmasyAnivRttatvAnnaite acelakAH / sAdhavastu sati lAbhe mahAdhanAdIni parihRtya jIrNakhaNDitAdIni dharmabuddhyA dhArayantItyato'celA ucyante / " (bRhatkalpa- laghubhASya-vRtti / gA. 6368) / anuvAda - " yadi phaTe-purAne vastra dhAraNa karane se sAdhu acelaka kahalAte haiM, to daridra pathika bhI acelaka kahalAne lageMge, aisI zaMkA hone para samAdhAna yaha hai ki daridra pathika to navIna vastra prApta na hone se phaTe-purAne vastra dhAraNa karate haiM, dharmabuddhi se nhiiN| ataH ve mUrcchApariNAma se nivRtta na hone ke kAraNa acelaka nahIM khlaate| kintu sAdhu to bahumUlya vastra tyAga kara dharmabuddhi se phaTe-purAne vastra dhAraNa karate haiM, isalie acela kahalAte haiM / " vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke vRttikAra zrI maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne bhI sacela ke lie 'acela' zabda ke vyavahAra kA samarthana kiyA hai| yathA "sAmAnyasAdhavaH sadbhireva celairupacArato'celA bhaNyante, jinAstu tIrthakarA asadbhizce-lairmukhyavRttyA'celA vyapadizyante / idamuktaM bhavati - ihAcelatvaM dvividhaM mukhyamupacaritaM ca / tatredAnIM mukhyamacelatvaM saMyamopakAri na bhavati / ata aupacArikaM gRhyte| mukhyaM tu jinAnAmevAsIditi / " (hema. vRtti / vize. bhA. / gA. 2598 ) / anuvAda - " sAmAnyasAdhu sacela hote hue bhI upacAra se ('acela' zabda ke gauNa yA upacarita artha kI apekSA) acela kahe jAte haiM, kintu tIrthaMkara acela hone mukhyavRttyA ('acela' zabda ke mukhyArtha kI apekSA ) acela kahalAte haiN| kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki acelatva do prakAra kA hai : mukhya aura upcrit| inameM se vartamAna meM mukhya acelatva saMyama kA sAdhaka nahIM hai, ataH vartamAna meM acela zabda se aupacArika acelatva artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| mukhya acelatva to tIrthaMkaroM ke hI thA / " yahA~ zrI jinabhadragaNI, zrI saMghadAsagaNI evaM zrI maladhArI hemacandra, tInoM ne acelaka zabda ko tIrthaMkaroM ke prakaraNa meM acelaka (nagna) kA vAcaka tathA sAmAnya sAdhuoM ke prasaMga meM sacelaka kA vAcaka batalAyA hai| isalie uttarAdhyayanasUtra Adi meM jo For Personal & Private Use Only

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178 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra0 2 yaha kahA gayA hai ki "bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ne apane tIrtha ke sAdhuoM ko acelakadharma kA upadeza diyA thA aura madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne apane tIrtha ke sAdhuoM ko acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kA" isa kathana para apanI mAnyatA kA Aropa karane ke lie zrI saMghadAsagaNI ne tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ke prasaMga meM acelaka zabda ko sacelaka kA vAcaka batalAyA hai aura madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke prasaMga meM nagna kA vAcaka / dekhiye bRhatkalpa - laghubhASya kI nimnalikhita gAthAe~ -- 44 Acelakko dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa jiNassa / majjhimagANa jiNANaM hoMti acelo sacelo y|| 6369 // 6370 // inameM se 6370vIM gAthA kA artha kholate hue vRttikAra kSemakIrti kahate haiM'madhyamAH madhyamatIrthakarasatkAH sAdhavaH 'pratimayA vA' nagnatayA 'prAvRtA vA' pramANAtiriktamahAmUlyAdibhirvAsobhirAcchAdita - vapuSo nAtikrAmanti bhAgavatImAjJAmiti gamyate / pUrvacaramANAM tu prathama- pazcimatIrthakarasAdhUnAM' amahAdhanAni' svalpamUlyAni 'bhinnAni ca' akRtsnAni pramANopetAnyadazakAni cetyarthaH --- / " paDimAeN pAutA vA Na'tikkamaMte u majjhimA samaNA / purima- carimANa amahaddhaNA tu bhiNNA ime mottuM // anuvAda - " madhyamatIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha ke sAdhu nagna raheM athavA zarIra ke pramANa se bhI bar3e mahAmUlyavAn vastroM se tana AcchAdita kareM, donoM hI sthitiyoM meM ve bhagavAn kI AjJA kA ullaMghana nahIM krte| kintu prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhu svalpamUlyavAle, khaMDita evaM zarIrapramANa vastra dhAraNa karate haiN---|" yahA~ mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki zrI saMghadAsagaNI ne pUrvoddhRta 6365vIM gAthA meM kevala tIrthaMkaroM ke prasaMga meM 'acelaka' zabda ko 'nagna' artha kA vAcaka batalAyA hai, tathApi yahA~ madhyama tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhuoM ke prasaMga meM bhI 'acela' zabda ko 'nagna' artha kA pratipAdaka prarUpita kiyA hai / kintu uttaravartI TIkAkAroM ne yahA~ ke 'acela' zabda ko bhI 'sacela' kA vAcaka ghoSita kara diyaa| (dekhiye, agalA zIrSaka 3.3) / 3.3. 'acela' zabda kA azAstraprasiddha - alokaprasiddha arthaprarUpaNa zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne jaba acelaka yA acela zabda ko sacela kA vAcaka ghoSita kara diyA, taba madhyama ( bIca ke bAIsa ) tIrthaMkaroM ko acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kA upadezaka batalAye jAne se sacela zabda kA pRthak se ullekha nirarthaka ho gayA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 179 phalasvarUpa ise sArthaka siddha karane ke lie vyAkhyAkAroM ne yaha vyAkhyA kI, ki 'acela' zabda sapheda raMga ke phaTe-purAne, zarIrapramANa, alpa vastra dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu kA vAcaka hai aura 'sacela' zabda bahumUlya, raMgIna evaM zarIrapramANa se baDe, viziSTa vastradhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu kaa| dekhie "sAdhUnAM tu prathamacaramajinatIrthe zvetavarNamAnopeta-jIrNaprAyasvalpavastradhAraNena prvrvessaabhaavaadcelktvm|--- ajitAdidvAviMzatijinasAdhUnAM tu RjuprAjJatvAd bahumUlyapaJcavarNavastradhAraNAt keSAJcit sacelakatvaM, keSAJcicca shvetvrnnmaanopetvstrdhaarnnaadcelktvm|" (kalpakaumudIvRtti / kalpasUtra / kSaNa 1 / pR.2)| anuvAda-"prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM sAdhugaNa zvetavarNa ke jIrNaprAya, svalpa vastra dhAraNa karate the aura karate haiM, ataH pravaravezarahita hone se ve acelaka kahalAte the tathA kahalAte haiN| kintu ajitanAtha Adi bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke kucha sAdhu RjuprAjJa hone se bahumUlya, paJcavarNAtmaka vastradhAraNa karate the, ataH sacelaka kahalAte the aura kucha zvetavarNa ke jIrNaprAya vastradhAraNa karane se acelaka nAma se jAne jAte the|" "madhyamatIrthakarasatkAH sAdhavaH pramANAtirikta-mahAmUlyAdibhirvAsobhirAcchAditavapuSo nAtikrAmanti bhagavatImAjJAmiti gmyte|" (bR.klp/lghubhaassyvRtti/6/6370)| anuvAda-"bIca ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhu zarIrapramANa se bar3e aura mahAmUlya vastroM se zarIra AcchAdita karate the, to bhI bhagavAn kI AjJA kA ullaMghana nahIM karate the arthAt parigrahI nahIM hote the, ve sacela kahalAte the|" uttarAdhyayana (23/13) meM pArzvanAtha ke sAntarottara dharma kI vyAkhyA karate hue zrI nemicandra sUri likhate haiM "sAntarANi varddhamAnasvAmi-yatyapekSayA mAnavarNavizeSataH savizeSANi, uttarANi mahAmUlyatayA pradhAnAni prakramAt vastrANi yasminnasau sAntarottaradharmaH deshitH|" anuvAda-"jisa dharma meM 'sAntara' arthAt vardhamAna svAmI ke sAdhuoM ke vastroM kI apekSA jo pramANa aura varNa meM viziSTa tathA 'uttara' arthAt mahAmUlya hone ke kAraNa pradhAnabhUta hote haiM, ve vastra dhAraNa kiye jAte haiM, vaha dharma sAntarottara hai|" isa taraha 'sacela' aura 'sAntarottaravastradhArI' donoM ko ekArthaka batalAte hue yaha vyAkhyA kI gaI hai ki vezakImatI, raMgaviraMge, viziSTavastradhArI sAdhuoM ko Agama meM sacela kahA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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180 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra02 nirasana 3.4. Agama meM 'acelaka' zabda se 'acelaka' artha hI abhISTa zrI jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI pUrvoddhRta 2598vIM gAthA meM kahA hai ki loka aura Agama, donoM meM 'sacelaka' ke lie 'acelaka' zabda prasiddha hai (logasamayasaMsiddho), kintu yaha prAmANika nahIM hai| 'AcArAMga meM 'acela' zabda se 'acela' (nagna) artha hI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, 'sacela' yA 'alpacela' artha nhiiN| (dekhiye, isI adhyAya kA pra.1 / shii.6)| tathA 'sthAnAMga' meM kahA gayA hai ki "bhikSu ko yadi nagna rahane meM lajjA kA anubhava ho, yA vaha zItAdi parISaha sahane meM asamartha ho athavA lokanindA se bhayabhIta ho, tabhI vastra dhAraNa kare, anyathA acela rhe|" (dekhiye, isI adhyAya kA pra.1 / shii.10)| lajjA kA anubhava na hone para acela rahane kA artha hai kaTivastra Adi dhAraNa na karanA (nagna rhnaa)| yahA~ bhI 'acela' zabda 'acela' (nagna) artha kA hI pratipAdaka hai| zrI saMghadAsagaNI evaM zrI kSemakIrti ne bhI ajitAdi bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha ke acela aura sacela sAdhuoM meM 'acela' kA artha 'nagna' batalAyA hai| (dekhiye, pUrvazIrSaka 3.2) / ina pramANoM se siddha hai ki Agama meM sacela ke lie 'acelaka' zabda kA vyavahAra prasiddha hone kA kathana prAmANika nahIM hai| 3.5. prAkRta-saMskRta-bhASA-asammata vacana Aptavacana nahIM acelaka zabda kA pratipAdita kiyA gayA sacela artha athavA zveta-jIrNaalpavastradhArI artha tathA sacela zabda kA prarUpita kiyA gayA bahumUlya-paMcavarNavastradhArI artha prAkRta-saMskRta-bhASA-asammata, lokabhASA-asammata evaM Agama- asammata (AcArAMgasthAnAMga-asammata) hai| ataH ina arthoM ke pratipAdaka mAnane para 'acelaka' aura 'sacela' zabda Aptavacana nahIM ho skte| jinavacana prAkRta-saMskRta meM likhita zAstroM meM hI sannihita haiM aura 'acelaka' zabda kA 'nagna' artha hI prAkRta-saMskRta-bhASA-sammata, lokabhASA-sammata aura Agamasammata hai| ataH use isI artha kA pratipAdaka mAnane para vaha Aptavacana kahalA sakatA hai| isI prakAra 'sacela' zabda kA kevala 'sacela' (savastra) artha svIkAra karane para hI vaha Aptavacana kI koTi meM A sakatA hai| yadi tIrthaMkaroM ko apane tIrtha ke sAdhuoM ke lie zveta-jIrNa alpavastra evaM bahumUlyapaMcavarNAtmaka-vastra dhAraNa karane kA upadeza denA abhISTa hotA, to ve inhIM zabdoM kA athavA sitacela, raMjitacela, kucela, sucela Adi saMkSipta zabdoM kA prayoga karate hue upadeza dete| kintu, jina zabdoM ke ye artha nahI haiM, una 'acela' aura 'sacela' zabdoM kA prayoga kabhI na karate, kyoMki unake ziSya ina zabdoM se uparyukta artha asaMgata For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 181 hone ke kAraNa grahaNa hI nahIM kara sakate the| aura tIrthaMkaroM ke vacana anyathA artha ke pratipAdaka nahIM hote| ataH yadi tIrthaMkaroM ne acela aura acela-sacela dharmoM kA upadeza diyA hai, to ina acela aura sacela zabdoM se vahI artha grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo saMskRta-prAkRta-bhASA-sammata, lokabhASA-sammata aura Agama-sammata hai, usase ulaTA artha nhiiN| usase ulaTA artha grahaNa karane para ye zabda Aptavacana arthAt tIrthaMkaravacana nahIM kahalA skte| isase siddha hotA hai ki acela aura sacela zabdoM kA uparyukta ulaTe yA aprAmANika arthoM meM prayoga tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM yA gAthAkAra AcAryoM ne nahIM kiyA, apitu uttaravartI TIkAkAroMne kiyA hai, jisase unake sampradAya ke zAstroM se pratipakSI digambaraparamparA kA astitva siddha na ho paaye| zvetAmbara granthakAroM meM isa pravRtti ke astitva kI puSTi prasiddha zvetAmbara muni zrI nagarAja jI DI0 liTa0 ne kI hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3/pra.2/zI. 2) / zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 becaradAsa jI ne bhI aisA hI mata prakaTa kiyA hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 2/pra.3/zI. 3.10) / 3.6. sacela kI 'acela' saMjJA guNAzrita nahIM sacela sAdhu meM acelatva (nagnatva) guNa nahIM hotA, isalie usakI 'acela' saMjJA guNazrita nahIM hai, apitu Aropita hai| isa kAraNa usakA acelaka nAma pracalita nahIM ho sktaa| ata eva usake lie pracalita kiyA gayA acelaka nAma Aptavacana nahIM hai| 3.7. 'acelatva' sacela sAdhu kA asAdhAraNadharma nahIM acelatva sacela sAdhu kA asAdhAraNadharma yA lakSaNa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha kisI bhI sacelasAdhu meM upalabdha nahIM hotA, isake viparIta acela sAdhuoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, ataH vaha avyApti, ativyApti aura asaMbhava, ina tInoM doSoM se yukta hai| jo dharma ina tIna doSoM se rahita hotA hai, vahI vastuvizeSa kA asAdhAraNadharma-rUpa lakSaNa hotA hai-"lakSaNantvasAdhAraNadharmavacanam" (kezavamizrakRta tarkabhASA/pR.8) aura vastu kA lakSaNa hI anya vastuoM se usakI bhinnatA kA dyotaka evaM usake nAmavizeSa ke vyavahAra kA hetu hotA hai-vyAvRttirvyavahAro vA lakSaNasya pryojnm| (zrIkezavamizrakRta : tarkabhASA / upodghAta : AcArya vizvezvara / pR.12)|arthaat vastu kA nAmanirdhAraNa usake lakSaNa para Azrita hotA hai| acelatva sacelamuni kA lakSaNa nahIM hai ataH use acelaka nAma se vyavahata nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa taraha cU~ki sacela kI 'acela' saMjJA nyAyazAstra-sammata nahIM hai, isalie usakA 'acela' artha meM Apta (jinendra) dvArA prayukta honA asaMbhava hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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182 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 3.8. viparItArtha aura ayathArtha zabda kA prayoga niSprayojana ___jaba sacela sAdhu ko 'sacela' zabda se aura zvetajIrNa-alpavastradhArI evaM mahAmUlyapaMcavarNa-vastradhArI ko inhIM zabdoM se yA kucela, sucela Adi zabdoM se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai, taba jinendra ne inheM inhIM zabdoM se abhihita kyoM nahIM kiyA? inase ulaTe arthavAle aura ayathA arthavAle zaMkotpAdaka evaM vimohajanaka zabdoM se abhihita kyoM kiyA? isakA koI samAdhAna TIkAoM meM nahIM milatA, na hI ho sakatA hai| aura tIrthaMkara niSprayojana kArya nahIM kara sakate, ataH siddha hai ki sacela sAdhu ke lie 'acelaka' aura mahAmUlya-paMcavarNa-vastradhArI sAdhu ke lie 'sacela' zabda kA vyavahAra tIrthaMkaropadiSTa nahIM hai| isase sAbita hotA hai ki sacela ko 'acela' yA 'acelaka' zabda se prasiddha karane kA kAma sAmpradAyika prayojana se prerita hokara TIkAkAroM ne kiyA hai| vaha prayojana thA sAdhuoM ke prakaraNa meM 'acelaka' zabda ke sarvathA nirvastra (kisI bhI prakAra ke vastra se rahita) artha ko mithyA siddha kara zvetAmbaramata ko tIrthaMkara-praNIta evaM digambaramata ko atIrthaMkara-praNIta-nihnavamata ThaharAnA) 3.9. sacela ke lie acela-zabdavyavahAra zaMkA-vimohajanaka ___ sacela sAdhu ke lie 'acela' yA 'acelaka' zabda kA vyavahAra zaMkotpAdaka hai| isase yaha zaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki sacela sAdhu to vastradhArI sAdhu kA nAma hai, use acela kyoM kahA gayA hai| yaha zaMkotpAdaka zabdavyavahAra sampUrNa jinavacanoM meM azraddhA utpanna karane kA kAraNa hotA hai| aura ajJAnIjana ise tIrthaMkaravacana samajhakara vimUr3ha bhI ho sakate haiN| tIrthaMkara isa taraha ke zaMkA-vimohotpAdaka zabda kA vyavahAra nahIM kara skte| ataH siddha hai ki sacela sAdhu ke lie 'acela' zabda kA vyavahAra tIrthaMkaropadiSTa nahIM hai| 3.10. sAdhuoM ke lie mahAmUlya-vastradhAraNa kA upadeza asaMbhava TIkAkAroM ne jo yaha vyAkhyA kI hai ki Agama meM zveta-jIrNa-alpamUlyavastradhArI sAdhu ko acela aura mahAmUlya-vividhavarNa-vastradhArI sAdhu ko sacela zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai, isa vyAkhyA ne to tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke 'nirgrantha' zabda kA upahAsa karane meM koI kasara nahIM chodd'ii| isa vyAkhyA se rAjA-mahArAjAoM, seThasAhUkAroM, raIsoM aura jainamuniyoM meM koI pharka hI nahIM rhaa| ina vyAkhyAkAroM ke anusAra to zarIra ko er3I se coTI taka rezama aura jarI ke raMgabiraMge mahAmUlya vastroM se sajAkara rakhanevAlA bhI aparigrahI jaina sAdhu kahalA sakatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 183 isa para TippaNI karate hue mAnanIya paM0 kailAzacandra jI siddhAntAcArya likhate haiM-"isakA Azaya yaha huA ki pArzvanAtha ke dharma meM sAdhuoM ko mahAmUlyavAn aura aparimita vastra pahanane kI anujJA thii| isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra kezI (pArzvanAtha ke ziSya) avazya hI rAjasI vastroM meM hoNge| phira bhI acela gautama (mahAvIra ke ziSya) ko pArzvanAtha ke nirgrantha sampradAya ke usa AcArya ko dekhakara raMcamAtra bhI Azcarya nahIM huA, yaha Azcarya hai| ___ "asala meM TIkAkAroM ne 'saMtaruttara' kA yaha artha 'acela' zabda ke artha ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyA hai| jaba acela kA artha vastrAbhAva ke sthAna meM kramazaH kutsitacela, alpacela aura alpamUlyacela kiyA gayA, to saMtaruttara (sAntarottara) kA artha aparimita aura mahAmUlyavAle vastra honA hI cAhie thaa| kintu yaha artha karate samaya TIkAkAra yaha zAyada bhUla hI gaye ki AcArAMgasUtra 209 meM bhI 'saMtaruttara' pada AyA hai aura vahA~ usakA artha kyA liyA gayA hai?" (jai.sA.i./ pU.pI./ pR. 397) / AcArAMga ke sUtra 209 (adhyAya 7, uddezaka 4) kI vyAkhyA meM AcArya zIlAMka ne eka aise prAvaraNIya (cAdara) ko sAntarottara kahA hai jo AvazyakatA par3ane para or3ha liyA jAya aura AvazyakatA na rahane para pAsa meM rakha liyA jaay| yaha pUrva (adhyAya 3/pra.1/zI.6) meM spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai| isa taraha sAntarottara kA 'bahumUlya raMgIna vastra sahita' yaha artha karanA AcArAMga ke hI anusAra aprAmANika hai| sacela yA sAntarottara kA 'zarIrapramANAdhika bahumUlya, raMgIna vastroM se sahita' artha karane se eka prazna aura khar3A hotA hai| vaha yaha ki madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne kisI sAdhu ke lie sapheda raMga ke phaTe-purAne alpavastra tathA kisI ke lie bahumUlya raMga-biraMge paryApta vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna kyoM kiyA? kyA isa vastrabheda se mokSasAdhanA meM koI pharka par3atA hai? zItAdiparISaha-pIr3A kA nivAraNa to kisI bhI raMga ke phaTe-purAne kapar3e pahanane se ho sakatA hai, phira kinhIM sAdhuoM ke lie raMgabiraMge vezakImatI vastra pahanane kI chUTa dene kA kAraNa kyA hai? kyA mahAmUlya raMgIna vastra pahanane se saMyama, dhyAna, adhyayana Adi kI sAdhanA aura acchI taraha sampanna hotI hai? isa prazna kA koI samAdhAna upalabdha nahIM hai aura bhagavAn kA koI bhI upadeza aisA ho nahIM sakatA, jisake pIche koI yukti na ho| kintu , isa vastrabheda ke pIche koI yukti nahIM hai, isase siddha hai ki acela aura sacela kI uparyukta vyAkhyAe~ azAstraprasiddha evaM alokaprasiddha haiN| ___ zvetAmbarasaMgha AraMbha se hI zvetavastra, zvetapaTa, zvetAmbara aura sitAmbara nAmoM se prasiddha hai| ye nAma hI zvetAmbarasampradAya kI isa viziSTatA kA udghoSa karate haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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184 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra0 2 ki zvetavastra hI zvetAmbara sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM kA sampradAyagata yA liMgagata veza hai| ata: 'sacela' zabda ko 'bahumUlya - paMcavarNa-vastradhArI' arthAt 'raMgabiraMge kImatI vastradhArI sAdhu' artha kA pratipAdaka mAnanA zvetAmbarasampradAya ke nAma aura sAdhuoM ke zarIrazRMgAra meM rAga ke abhAva tathA aparigrahamahAvrata ko sandehAspada banA detA hai / ataH ' sacela' zabda kA uparyukta artha prAmANika nahIM hai| 3.11. 'nagna' vizeSaNa ke 'sarvathA nirvastra' aura 'alpavastrayukta,' do artha asaMbhava yadyapi 'AcArAMga' aura 'sthAnAMga' meM acela zabda kA artha sarvathA nirvastra (anAvRtasarvAMga) hI batalAyA gayA hai, tathApi vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'alpa' artha sUcita karane ke lie bhI 'a' (naJ) ke sAtha 'cela' zabda kA samAsa hotA hai, taba jo 'acela ' zabda banatA hai, usakA artha 'alpacela' bhI hotA hai / kintu 'nagna' vizeSaNa kA alpArthaka 'a' (naJ) ke sAtha samAsa nahIM hai, isalie usakA sarvathA nirvastra athavA anAvRtaguhyAMgavAlA artha hI saMbhava hai, alpavastrayukta artha nahIM / ataH 'tattvArthasUtra' meM sAdhuoM ke lie jo nAgnyaparISahajaya Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai, usameM nagna vizeSaNa se sarvathA nirvastra arthAt anAvRta - sarvAMgavAlA artha hI pratipAdita hotA hai, alpavastrayukta artha nhiiN| isI prakAra zrI saMghadAsagaNI ne madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhuoM ke prasaMga meM 'acela' vizeSaNa ko 'nagna' kA paryAyavAcI batalAyA hai, ataH yahA~ bhI vaha 'sarvathA nirvastra' (anAvRta-sarvAGga) artha kA hI pratipAdaka hai, 'alpavastrayukta' artha kA nahIM / phalasvarUpa 'nagna' vizeSaNa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha prayukta hone para unake sarvathA nirvastra hone kI vizeSatA batalAye aura sAdhuoM ke sAtha prayukta hone para unake alpavastrayukta hone kA vaiziSTya prarUpita kare, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| jaise 'kAlA' vizeSaNa kaue ke sAtha prayukta hone para usake kAle hone kI vizeSatA batalAye aura bagule ke sAtha prayukta kara dene para usake sapheda hone kI vizeSatA batalAye, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai, jaise 'sundara' vizeSaNa sundara manuSya ke sAtha saMyukta hone para usake sundara hone kA guNa batalAye aura kurUpa manuSya ke sAtha saMyuktakara dene para usake kurUpa hone kA guNa batalAye, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai, vaise hI 'nagnaM' vizeSaNa sarvathA nirvastra puruSa ke sAtha vyavahRta hone para usake sarvathA nirvastra hone kA dharma sUcita kare aura alpavastrayukta ke sAtha vyavahRta hone para usake alpavastrayukta hone kA dharma prarUpita kare, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH jaise tIrthaMkaroM ko nagna kahane se unakA sarvathA nirvastra honA sUcita hotA hai, vaise hI sAdhuoM ko nagna kahane se unakA bhI sarvathA nirvastra honA sUcita hotA hai| alpArthaka naJ (a) ke sAtha jisakA samAsa nahIM hai, usa 'nagna' vizeSaNa kA isake alAvA aura koI artha nahIM ho sktaa| aura koI artha batalAnA tIrthaMkaroM ko ayuktimat upadeza dene kA doSI ThaharAnA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke vacana ayuktimat nahIM For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03 / pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 185 ho skte| yuktimat vacana hI Aptavacana hotA hai, ataH vahI grAhya hai, jaisA ki zrI haribhadrasUri ne lokatattvanirNaya meM kahA hai pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kpilaadissu| yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH prigrhH|| 38 // 3.12. sarvasaMkaratva-doSa kI utpatti nagna zabda nagna (khule hue guhyAMgavAlA) aura anagna (DhaMke hue guhyAMgavAlA), ina parasparaviruddha do arthoM kA vAcaka nahIM ho sktaa| yadi aisA ho, to adharma zabda adharma aura dharma donoM arthoM kA vAcaka siddha hogA, pApa zabda pApa aura puNya donoM arthoM kA pratipAdaka tthhregaa| taba loga adharma karate hue bhI apane ko dhArmika mAnane lageMge. pApa karate hae bhI svayaM ko paNyakartA samajhane lgeNge| 'nagna' zabda ko uparyukta parasparaviruddha do arthoM kA pratiAdaka mAnane para 'samyagdarzana' zabda samyagdarzana aura mithyAdarzana donoM arthoM kA vAcaka siddha hogA, 'samyagjJAna' zabda samyagjJAna aura mithyAjJAna donoM arthoM kA pratipAdaka sAbita hogA, 'samyakcAritra' zabda samyakcAritra aura mithyAcAritra donoM arthoM kA prarUpaka tthhregaa| isa taraha mokSamArga zabda 'saMsAramArga' artha kA bhI vAcaka bana jaayegaa| 'jIva' zabda 'pudgala' artha kA bhI pratipAdaka ho jaayegaa| isase jIvAdi nau padArthoM meM koI bheda nahIM rahegA, sarvasaMkara-doSa kI utpatti ho jAyegI, jIvAdi padArthoM ke bhinna-bhinna lakSaNa nirarthaka siddha hoNge| phalasvarUpa samyagdarzana kA AdhArabhUta bhedavijJAna asaMbhava ho jAyegA aura jIva mithyAdRSTi kA mithyAdRSTi aura saMsArI kA saMsArI banA rhegaa| isa taraha 'nagna' zabda ko nagna (khule hue guhyAMgavAlA) tathA anagna (DhaMke hue guhyAMgavAlA), ina parasparaviruddha do arthoM kA vAcaka mAnane para uparyukta tAttvika avyavasthA paidA ho jAyegI, jo jinendra ko abhISTa nahIM ho sakatI thii| ataH siddha hai ki nagna zabda ko nagna aura anagna, ina do parasparaviruddha arthoM kA vAcaka mAnanA jinopadiSTa nahIM hai| 3.13. svamata ko tIrthaMkaropadiSTa siddha karane hetu 'acelaka' zabda kA viparItArtha prarUpaNa zrI jinabhadragaNI Adi ne jo 'acelaka' zabda kA viparItArtha-prarUpaNa karanevAlI pUrvoddhRta gAthAe~ racI haiM, unase yaha mahAn rahasya udghATita hotA hai ki unake sAmane zvetAmbaramata ko tIrthaMkaropadiSTa siddha karane kA yahI ekamAtra upAya thaa| 'acelaka' zabda kA satyArtharUpa meM prarUpaNa unake isa prayojana kI siddhi meM bAdhaka thaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra loka meM acelakadharma ke upadeSTA ke rUpa meM prasiddha the aura acelaka zabda kA sarvathAnirvastra artha bhI Agamaprasiddha aura lokaprasiddha thaa| tathA jo acelaka sAdhu For Personal & Private Use Only

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186 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 zvetavastra dhAraNa karane lage the, ve hI zvetAmbara nAma se prasiddha hue the, isakA bhI loka sAkSI thaa| ataH isa sacelakaveza meM ve tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa acelakadharma ke anuyAyI sAdhu siddha nahIM ho sakate the| aura lokamAnyatA ke viruddha jAkara ve. mahAvIra ko sacelakadharma kA upadezaka ghoSita kara nahIM sakate the, tathA mahAvIra ke nAma ko chor3a bhI nahIM sakate the| kyoMki mahAvIra ke nAma ko chor3a dene se unakA mata atIrthaMkara-praNIta siddha hue binA nahIM rhtaa| ve bar3I ulajhana meM par3a gye| jaise garma dUdha ke ghuTa ko na nigala sakate haiM, na ugala sakate haiM, vaise hI ve mahAvIra ko na to sacelakadharma kA upadeSTA ghoSita kara sakate the, na hI unake nAma ko chor3a sakate the| isa ulajhana se chuTakArA pAne ke lie unake sAmane eka hI rAstA thaa| vaha thA 'acelaka' zabda ko jyoM kA tyoM svIkAra kara yaha siddha karane kA prayatna karanA ki 'acelaka' zabda 'sarvathA vastrarahita' (nagna) artha kA vAcaka nahIM hai, apitu 'jIrNa-zIrNa-alpa-zvetavastradhArI' artha kA vAcaka hai| isase bhagavAn mahAvIra ko acelakadharma kA upadeSTA kahate hue bhI yaha siddha kiyA jA sakegA ki ve vAstava meM saceladharma ke upadezaka the| aisA karane se itanA hI mahattvapUrNa eka aura prayojana siddha hotA thaa| vaha yaha ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke sacelakadharma ke upadezaka siddha ho jAne se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki acelakadharmAnuyAyI digambarajainamata atIrthaMkarapraNIta nihnavamata hai| inhIM do prayojanoM se ve gAthAe~ racI gyiiN| kintu una gAthAoM ko racate samaya zrI jinabhadragaNI Adi AcArya yaha bhUla gaye ki saMskRta-prAkRta kA koI bhI jJAtA 'acelaka' zabda ke ukta artha para vizvAsa nahIM karegA aura vaha artha mithyA hone se tIrthaMkara ke vacana avizvasanIya siddha hoNge| __ina pramANoM se siddha hai ki Agama meM sacela sAdhu ke lie 'acela' zabda kA vyavahAra prasiddha nahIM hai| uttaravartI zvetAmbara-TIkAkAroM ne 'acela' zabda para 'sacela' artha kA Aropa kiyA hai, jisase 'acela' zabda ke 'nagna' artha ko jhaThA siddha kara zvetAmbaramata ko tIrthaMkaropadiSTa tathA digambarajainamata ko tIrthaMkaroM dvArA anupadiSTa siddha kiyA jA ske| uparyukta pramANoM se unakA yaha abhiprAya nirvastra ho jAtA hai| zvetAmbaraparamparA ko tIrthaMkarapraNIta aura digambaraparamparA ko atIrthaMkarapraNIta siddha karane ke lie 'acelaka' aura 'sacelaka' zabdoM kI aisI aprAmANika (atIrthaMkaravacana-bhUta) vyAkhyAe~ karane kA prayatna hI isa bAta kA baliSTha pramANa hai ki zvetAmbarasAhitya digambaraparamparA se suparicita hai, jo digambaraparamparA kI pUrvavartitA kA sabUta hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 187 loka meM bhI sacela manuSya ke lie 'nagna' zabda kA vyavahAra rUr3ha (prasiddha) nahIM hai tathA kadAcit sacela ke lie jo 'nagna' zabda kA prayoga upacAra se kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sacela artha kA vAcaka nahIM hotA, balki 'nirlajja,' 'daridra' Adi arthoM kA dyotaka hotA hai| ina tathyoM kA prarUpaNa Age svataMtra zIrSakoM (kra.4 evaM 5) ke sAtha kiyA jA rahA hai| loka meM bhI sacela ke lie 'nagna' zabda kA vyavahAra aprasiddha zrI jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa evaM zrI saMghadAsagaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne nimnalikhita do dRSTAntoM se yaha siddha karane kA yatna kiyA hai ki loka meM sacela manuSyoM ke lie 'acelaka' yA 'nagna' zabda kA vyavahAra rUr3ha (prasiddha) hai 1. "jaise koI puruSa nadI pAra karate samaya bhIga jAne ke bhaya se kaTivastra utArakara sira para lapeTa letA hai, to usake dvArA vastra kA upabhoga kiye jAne para bhI loga use acela (nagna) kahate haiM, vaise hI muni vastradhAraNa karate hue bhI. acela kahalAte haiN|" (vize.bhA / gA. 2600) / 2. "jaise koI bahuchidrayukta purAnI sAr3I pahane huI strI julAhe ke pAsa jAkara kahatI hai ki mujhe zIghra nayI sAr3I bunakara do, maiM naMgI hU~, vaise hI alpa, jIrNa aura maile-kucaile vastra dhAraNa karanevAle sAdhu ko bhI nagna kahA jAtA hai|" (vize.bhA./ gaa.2601)| donoM dRSTAnta aprAmANika ye donoM dRSTAnta aprAmANika haiM, kyoMki inase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki sacela puruSa yA strI ko duniyA ke sabhI loga 'nagna' kahate aura samajhate haiN| jo puruSa kaTivastra (dhotI) ko utArakara sira para lapeTa letA hai aura nagna avasthA meM nadI pAra karatA hai, vaha vAstava meM nagna hotA hai, kyoMki usake guhyAMga khule rahate haiN| ataH loga use nagna hone ke kAraNa hI nagna kahate haiM, sira para kaTivastra lapeTa lene ke kAraNa nhiiN| isase siddha hai ki vastradhArI ke lie nagna zabda kA prayoga lokaprasiddha nahIM hai, apitu nagna ke lie hI 'nagna' zabda kA prayoga lokaprasiddha hai| tathA bahuchidrayukta sAr3I pahane huI strI julAhe ke pAsa jAkara svayaM ko nagna isalie nahIM kahatI ki chidrayukta sAr3I pahane huI strI ke lie 'nagna' zabda kA prayoga lokaprasiddha hai arthAt loka ke sabhI manuSya bahuchidrayukta-sAr3IdhArI strI ko nagna kahate aura samajhate haiM, balki isalie kahatI hai ki vaisI sAr3I pahanane meM use For Personal & Private Use Only

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188 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 lajjA kA anubhava hotA hai, ataH vaha mUlya lekara bhI sAr3I banAne meM dera karanevAle julAhe se zIghratA karAnA cAhatI hai|27 dUsare loga use nagna nahIM kaha skte| udAharaNArtha, usa strI ke svayaM ko nagna kahane para yadi julAhe ke uttara kI kalpanA kI jAya, to vaha uttara detA ki "tuma nagna hotIM, to apane ghara se nikalakara yahA~ taka na aatiiN| loga tumheM pagalI kahate aura le jAkara ghara meM banda kara dete| nagna avasthA meM to koI gaNikA bhI ghara se bAhara nahIM nikltii|" isI prakAra yadi koI bAlaka dUsare bAlaka se kahatA ki "dekho, vaha strI nagna hai", to dUsare bAlaka ko ha~sI A jAtI aura kahatA ki "tumheM 'nagna' zabda kA artha nahIM maaluum| nagna use kahate haiM, jisake zarIra para koI vastra nahIM hotaa| vaha strI to sAr3I pahane huI hai| bhale hI bahuchidrayukta hai, phira bhI pahanane lAyaka hai arthAt jina aMgoM ko DhaMke binA ghara se bAhara nikalanA saMbhava nahIM hai, ve DhaMke hue haiN| isalie vaha nagna nahIM hai|" isI taraha kisI colapaTTadhArI zvetAmbara sAdhu ko dekhakara koI manuSya dUsare manuSya se kahe ki "dekho, digambarasAdhu jA rahe haiM," to vaha bhI ha~sa par3egA aura kahegA ki "tuma andhe ho| ye sAdhu to vastra pahane hue haiM, tuma inheM digambara kahate ho? ye to zvetAmbara sAdhu haiN| digambara sAdhu to nagna hote haiN|" ina dRSTAntoM se siddha hai ki loka meM 'nagna' zabda savastra manuSya ke lie prasiddha nahIM hai| yadi hotA to zvetAmbara ora digambara sAdhuoM meM bheda batalAnA asambhava ho jaataa| loka meM usI manuSya ko nagna kahA jAtA hai, jisakA kaTipradeza vastra se AcchAdita na ho| yadi kisI puruSa kA zarIra mastaka se nAbhi taka aura caraNoM se ghuTanoM taka vastra se DhaMkA hai, kintu kaTibhAga ughar3A hai, jisase gopanIya aMga dikhAI dete haiM, to loka meM vaha nagna hI kahA jAtA hai| isake viparIta yadi guhyAMga AcchAdita haiM aura sampUrNa zarIra ughar3A hai, to vaha nagna nahIM kahA jaataa| hA~, guhyAMgoM ke AvRta hone para anya aMgoM kI anAvRtatA darzAne ke lie unhIM aMgoM ko naMgA kahA jAtA hai, jaise naMge sira (TopI, sAphA Adi se rahita), naMge pA~va (jUte-cappala se rahita) naMgI chAtI, naMgI pITha, naMgI jA~gha aadi| yahA~ taka ki 'naMgI A~khoM se candra-grahaNa nahIM dekhanA cAhie' aisA bhI kahA jAtA hai| lekina jisakA guhyapradeza anAvRta ho 27. "yathA vA kAcidaviratikA parijIrNavastraparidhAnA prAksamarpitavetanaM tantuvAyaM zATikA niSpAdanAlasaM bravIti, yathA-jIrNavastraiH parihitainagnikA'hamasmi tatastvarasva he zalika! tantuvAya! dehi me potikAM shaattikaam|" kSemakIrtivRtti / bRhatkalpasUtra / bhASyagAthA 6366 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 2 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 189 usake guhyapradeza ko naMgA nahIM kahate, balki usa manuSya ko hI naMgA kahate haiM, isase siddha hai ki manuSya ke nagna kahe jAne kA hetu usake guhyapradeza kA anAvRta honA hI hai| zvetAmbaramuni upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI likhate haiM ki vastradhAraNa karane kA pramukha uddezya asabhya avayavoM arthAt guhyAMgoM kA gopana hI hai- " lokairapi vastraparidhAnaM mukhyavRtyA asabhyAvayavagopananimittameva kriyate / " ( prava.parI./ vRtti / 1/2/31 /pR.93) / asabhya avayavoM ke gopana se lajjArUpa mAnavadharma yA lokAnuvRttidharma kA pAlana hotA hai - " vastradharaNe lokAnuvRttidharmaH --- syAt / " ( prava. parI. / 1 / 2 /30 / pR.91) / isalie vastra bhale hI choTA ( stoka), purAnA (jIrNa) aura mailAkucailA (kutsita) ho, usase yadi asabhya avayavoM kA gopana hotA hai aura lajjArUpa mAnavadharma kI rakSA hotI hai, to usake dhAraNa ke bAda manuSya ke nagna kahe jAne kA koI kAraNa nahIM rhtaa| isIlie svayaM zvetAmbaragranthoM meM zvetapaTa sAdhuoM ko alpa, jIrNa aura kutsita vastra dhAraNa karanevAlA kahA gayA hai, kintu nagna, nirlajja yA bIbhatsa zabdoM se sambodhita nahIM kiyA gyaa| isake viparIta digambarajaina muniyoM ko nagna, nagnATa, lajjAhIna, bIbhatsa, bhaNDikaceSTAkArI Adi upAdhiyA~ dI gayI haiM / yathA - "vayaM pRcchAmaH - bho nagnATa! nijazarIre tava mUrcchAsti na vA ?" ( prava. parI / vRtti 1 / 2 / 6 / pR. 71) / ayaM pApAtmA kulavadhUnAmapyavAcyaM darzayan na lajjate / nagnarUpatayA bIbhatsaM tvadIyaM shriirmev| (prava.parI./vRtti / 1/2/6/ pR. 73) / nagnasya te vezyAdijanopAnta evopavezanAdikaM yuktaM, bhaNDikaceSTAyAH tatraiva yuktatvAt / ( prava.parI / vRtti / 1 / 2 /30 / pR. 95) / gopanIya - liGgopasthAdikaM darzayati tasya pArzve yadi 'dharmaH ' dharmaprAptiH syAt tarhi kutrAnyatrAdharmaH? - he nagnATa! tvameva pApAtmA mUrtimAnadharma eva / " ( prava. parI. / vRtti / 1 / 2 / 42 / pR. 103 - 104) / yaH vaidika aura bauddha granthoM meM bhI zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke lie nagna aura ahnIka (nirlajja) zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM milatA, kintu nirgranthoM (digambarajaina sAdhuoM) ko sarvatra nagna aura ahnIka vizeSaNoM ke sAtha varNita kiyA gayA hai| loka meM pahalavAna kevala la~goTa pahana kara sArvajanikarUpa se kuztI kA pradarzana karate haiM, unheM koI bhI nagna nahIM khtaa| vaidika sampradAya ke aneka saMnyAsI kaupIna mAtra dhAraNa karate haiM, unheM bhI koI nagna nahIM maantaa| digambarajaina elakapadastha zrAvaka bhI kevala la~goTadhArI hote haiM, ve bhI nagna nahIM kahe jAte, kintu digambarajaina muni ko hara koI nagna kahatA hai / ye isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki loka meM guhyAMga-gopana na karanevAle ko hI nagna kahA jAtA hai| ataH jinabhadragaNI jI kA yaha kathana aprAmANika hai ki loka meM alpa, jIrNa aura mailekucaile vastradhAraNa karanevAloM ke lie bhI 'nagna' zabda rUr3ha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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190 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 'rUr3ha' kA artha hai sarvamAnya yA sarvajanaprasiddha, jaise 'kuzala' zabda kA vyutpattisiddha artha hai 'kuzoM ko tor3akara lAnevAlA', kintu vaha 'dakSa' artha meM rUr3ha (prasiddha) hai, arthAt sabhI loga usase 'dakSa' artha hI grahaNa karate haiM, 'kuza tor3akara lAnevAlA' artha nhiiN| ataH 'citrakalA meM kuzala' isa vAkya ko par3ha-sunakara sabhI samajha jAte haiM ki isakA artha hai citra kalA meM dkss| kintu 'maiMne mArga meM eka nagna manuSya ko dekhA hai' aisA kahane para koI bhI zrotA yaha nahIM samajha pAyegA ki maiMne eka phaTe-purAne yA alpa vastradhArI manuSya ko dekhA hai| sabhI yaha artha grahaNa kareMge ki maiMne eka nirvastra arthAt khule guhyAMgavAle manuSya ko dekhA hai| isase siddha hai ki 'nagna' zabda phaTe-purAne yA alpa vastradhArI manuSya ke artha meM rUr3ha nahIM hai, apitu nirvastra manuSya ke hI artha meM prasiddha hai| 4.1. rUDhArtha dvArA mUlamukhyArtha kA nirasana yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jaba koI zabda apane vyutpattisiddha artha se arthAt mala makhyArtha se bhinna artha meM rUDha yA pracalita ho jAtA hai, taba usakA vyutpattisiddha artha (mUla mukhyArtha) apracalita ho jAtA hai| jaise 'kuzala' zabda 'dakSa' artha meM rUr3ha huA, to usakA 'kuza tor3akara lAnevAlA' vyutpattisiddha artha arthAt mUlamukhyArtha apracalita ho gyaa| 'tela' zabda kA vyutpattisiddha artha hai tila se nikalA haA snigdha drava. kintu vaha mUMgaphalI, sarasoM, alasI, soyAbIna, nAriyala Adi sabhI padArthoM se nikale hue snigdha drava ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa usake vyutpattisiddha artha kA pracalana banda ho gayA aura 'tela lAo' kahane se yaha samajhanA asaMbhava ho gayA ki tila se nikale hue snigdha drava ko lAne ke lie kahA jA rahA hai, ataH isa artha ko samajhAne ke lie 'tila kA tela lAo' yaha kahanA Avazyaka ho gyaa| 'rupayA' (rUpyam) zabda kA vyutpattigata artha rUpya (cA~dI) se banA huA sikkA hai, kintu aba sTIla se bane hue sikke aura kAgaja se bane hue noToM ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| ataH isakA 'cA~dI se banA huA sikkA' artha apracalita ho gyaa| isI prakAra vyutpatti ke anusAra sabhI pazuoM kA vAcaka 'mRga' zabda 'hiraNa' artha meM rUr3ha hone para sabhI pazuoM kA vAcaka nahIM rhaa| 'siMha' zabda 'hiMs' dhAtu se varNa-viparyayapUrvaka vyutpanna huA hai, jisakA artha hai koI bhI hiMsaka praannii| kintu usameM 'siMha' nAmaka sarvAdhika krUra aura parAkramI pazu kA artha rUr3ha ho gayA, jisase usane sabhI hiMsaka pazuoM ke artha kA vAcakatva kho diyaa| 'go' zabda 'gacchati anena' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra 'gam' dhAtu se niSpanna hai aura mUlataH 'gamana ke sAdhana' artha kA vAcaka hai, kintu 'gAya' artha meM rUr3ha ho jAne para mUla artha ke vAcakatva se hAtha dho baitthaa| aise anaginata udAharaNa haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 2 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 191 1 rUr3hArtha zabdoM ke vyutpattimUlaka artha arthAt mUla mukhyArtha ke apracalita ho jAne se hI aneka vaiyAkaraNoM aura kAvyazAstriyoM ne rUDhArtha ko hI mukhyArtha kahA hai kAvyAnuzAsana ke karttA prasiddha zvetAmbara vaiyAkaraNa evaM kAvyazAstrI 'kalikAlasarvajJa' AcArya hemacandra (1088 - 1172 I0) likhate haiM "kuzaladvirephadvikAdayastu sAkSAtsaGketaviSayatvAnmukhyA eveti na rUDhirlakSyasyArthasya hetutvenAsmAbhiruktA / ' 28 anuvAda - " kuzala, dvirepha, dvika Adi zabdoM ke kramazaH dakSa, bhramara, kAka (kauA) Adi artha ( rUr3ha = lokaprasiddha hone ke kAraNa ) sAkSAt saMketa ke viSaya hote haiM ( mukhyArthabAdha, tAtparyAnupapatti Adi ke dvArA unakA paramparayA bodha nahIM hotA, sAkSAt bodha hotA hai), ataH ve mukhyArtha hI haiM. ( lakSyArtha nhiiN)| isIlie hamane (AcArya hemacandra ne) "mukhyArthabAdhe nimitte prayojane ca bhedAbhedAbhyAmAropito gauNaH " (kAvyAnuzAsana 1/15) isa sUtra meM 'rUDhi' ko lakSyArtha kA hetu nahIM batalAyA / ' "1 abhiprAya yaha ki vyutpatti ke anusAra 'kuzala' zabda kA artha hai 'kuza tor3akara lAne vAlA vyakti', dvirepha kA artha hai 'do repha yA do rakAravAlA zabda' jaise rucira, 'bhramara' Adi zabda tathA 'dvika' kA artha hai 'do kakAravAlA zabda' jaise 'kanaka', 'kAka' (kauA) Adi zabda / kintu ye zabda kramazaH dakSa vyakti, bhramara - nAmaka prANI evaM kAka- nAmaka pakSI ke artha meM rUr3ha (prasiddha) haiM, ataH mammaTa Adi kAvyazAstriyoM kA mata hai ki 'kuzala' Adi zabdoM kA mukhyArtha (vyutpatti - mUlaka artha ) bAdhita hone para unase 'dakSa' Adi arthoM kA bodha hotA hai, ataH 'dakSa' Adi artha lakSyArtha haiN| AcArya hemacandra Adi vaiyAkaraNa evaM kAvyazAstrI isase asahamata haiN| unakA kathana hai ki zabda kA jo artha rUr3ha yA prasiddha hotA hai, vahI sAkSAt saMketa kA viSaya hotA hai, arthAt usI artha kI usa zabda se binA kisI vyavadhAna ke pratIti hotI hai| ataH rUr3hArtha hI mukhyArtha hotA hai| isalie yadi rUr3hArtha ko lakSyArtha bhI mAnA jAya to atiprasaMgadoSa utpanna hogA / 29 vaiyAkaraNoM aura kAvyazAstriyoM dvArA rUr3hArtha ko hI mukhyArtha mAne jAne se siddha hai ki jisa zabda meM koI anya artha rUr3ha ho jAtA hai, usakA vyutpatti - mUlaka mukhyArtha 28. kAvyAnuzAsana - svopajJaTIkA/adhyAya 1/ sUtra 16 - " mukhyArthasambaddhastattvena lakSyamANo lakSyaH / " 29. "idameva hi zabdAnAM mukhyAnAM mukhyatvaM yatsAkSAt saGketaviSayatvam / saGkete ca rUDhireva kAraNam / tato yadi rUDhimapekSya lakSaNA pravarteta tadAtiprasaGgaH syAditi / " zivadatta - kAzInAthakRta vyAkhyA/ kAvyAnuzAsana/ adhyAya 1 / sUtra 14 - " sAkSAtsaGketaviSayo mukhyaH / " For Personal & Private Use Only w

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192 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 apracalita ho jAtA hai| ataH 'nagna' zabda yadi jIrNa-zIrNa yA alpavastradhArI ke artha meM rUr3ha huA hotA, to usakA nirvastrarUpa artha apracalita ho jAtA, kintu vaha apracalita nahIM huaa| isakA pratyakSa pramANa yaha hai ki nagna zabda ke nirvastrarUpa mukhyArtha ke pracalita hone se hI digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kA bheda pracalita hai| isase siddha hai ki 'nagna' zabda savastrarUpa artha meM rUr3ha nahIM hai| ataH zrI jinabhadragaNI kA yaha kathana satya nahIM hai ki sacela puruSa yA strI ke lie bhI 'nagna' zabda kA prayoga Agama aura loka meM rUr3ha hai| 4.2. nAgnyaparISaha ke ayuktiyukta hone kA prasaMga ___"yadi nagna zabda ko 'sacela' artha meM rUr3ha mAnA jAya, to nAgnyaparISaha ko sacelatvaparISaha mAnanA hogaa| kintu sacelamuni ko sacelatva parISaha saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki zvetAmbarazAstroM meM vastradhAraNa ko to hrI, jugupsA aura zItAdi parISahoM ke nivAraNa, liMgotthAna ke pracchAdana evaM saMyama kI rakSA kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai|30 ataH jo sacelatva, parISaha-nivAraNa kA upAya hai, vaha parISaha kA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| phalasvarUpa nAgnyaparISaha ko sacelatvaparISaha mAnane se aura sacelatvaparISaha ke saMbhava na hone se Agama meM nAgnyaparISaha kA ullekha ayuktisaMgata siddha hotA hai| usake ullekha kI yuktisaMgatatA 'nagna' zabda ko 'nirvastra' kA hI vAcaka mAnane se siddha hotI hai| ataH siddha hai ki 'nagna' zabda sacela-artha meM rUr3ha nahIM hai| maladhArI hemacandrasUri ke mata kI ayuktimattA upacarita 'nagna' zabda daridrAdi artha kA pratipAdaka vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke kartA jinabhadragaNI jI kA kathana hai ki savastra strI yA puruSa ko nagna kahanA lokarUr3ha vyavahAra hai, kintu vRttikAra maladhArI hemacandrasUri kahate haiM ki yaha upacAra hai| (dekhiye, isI prakaraNa kA zIrSaka 3.2) / upacAra lokarUr3hatA ke viruddha hotA hai| sacela sAdhu ko upacAra se acela kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| sacela ko upacAra se acela kahane para 'acela' kA artha badala jAtA hai| vaha 'nagna' artha kA vAcaka na rahakara nirlajja, asabhya, daridra Adi arthoM kA pratipAdaka ho jAtA hai| upacAra ke kucha niyama hote haiN| vaha kisI nimitta yA prayojana ke hone para hI pravRtta hotA hai aura upacarita zabda se vahI artha vyakta ho sakatA hai, jo usake mukhyArtha 30. dekhiye, Age zIrSaka 4 evaM 5 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 193 se sambaddha ho, koI bhI artha nhiiN| yaha upacAra ke artha aura usake niyamoM para dRSTi DAlane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| nIce una para prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai5.1. upacAra kA artha AlApapaddhatikAra AcArya devasena ne upacAra kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA hai-"anyatra prasiddhasya dharmasyAnyatra smaaropnnmsdbhuutvyvhaarH| asadbhUtavyavahAra eva upcaarH|" (sUtra 207-208) / anuvAda-"kisI vastu para anya vastu meM prasiddha dharma kA Aropa karanA asadbhUtavyavahAra hai| asadbhUtavyavahAra hI upacAra kahalAtA hai|" mImAMsaka mukulabhaTTa ne abhidhAvRttimAtRkA (pRSTha 7-8) meM upacAra kA lakSaNa batalAte hue likhA hai ___ "dvividha upacAraH zuddho gauNazca / tatra zuddho yatra mUlabhUtasyopamAnopameyabhAvasyAbhAvenopamAnagata-guNasadRza-guNayogalakSaNAsambhavAt kAryakAraNabhAvAdisambandhAllakSaNayA vastvantare vstvntrmupcryte| yathA 'Ayurghatam' iti| atra hyAyuSaH kAraNe ghRte tadgatakAryakAraNabhAvalakSaNApUrvakatvenAyuSTvakAryaM tcchbdshcetyubhymupcritm| tsmaacchuddho'ymupcaarH|" "gauNaH punarupacAro yatra mUlabhUtopamAnopameyabhAvasamAzrayeNopamAnagata-guNasadRzaguNayogalakSaNAM puraHsarIkRtyopameye upamAnazabdastadarthazcAdhyAropyate / sa hi guNebhya AgatatvAd gaunnshbdenaabhidhiiyte| yathA 'gaurvAhIkaH' iti| atra hI gogatajADyamAndyAdiguNasadRzajADyamAndyAdiyogAd vAhIke goshbd-gotvyorupcaarH|" 31 anuvAda-"upacAra do prakAra kA hotA hai : zuddha aura gaunn| jahA~ mUlabhUta upamAnopameyabhAva kA abhAva hone se upamAnagata gaNoM ke samAna gaNa-yoga asambhava hotA hai, vahA~ kAryakAraNabhAvAdi-sambandha ke kAraNa anya vastu meM anya vastu kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai, jaise 'AyughRtam' (ghI Ayu hai), yahA~ Ayu aura usake kAraNabhUta ghI ina donoM meM kAryakAraNabhAva vidyamAna hai, ataH ghI meM AyuSTvakAryarUpa artha tathA tadvAcaka zabda donoM kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai| isalie yaha zuddhopacAra hai|" "jahA~ mUlabhUta upamAnopameyabhAva ke hone se upamAnagata guNoM ke samAna guNoM kA yoga hotA hai, aura isa kAraNa upameya para upamAnazabda tathA usake artha kA adhyAropa kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ gauNa upacAra hotA hai| vaha upamAnazabda guNoM ke nimitta se Aropita 31. mammaTakRta kAvyaprakAza kI AcArya vizvezvarakRta hindI vyAkhyA meM uddhRta / dvitIya ullAsa / kArikA 10, sUtra 13 / pR.60 / prakAzaka-jJAnamaMDala vArANasI / 1960 ii.| For Personal & Private Use Only

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194 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 3 / pra0 2 hone ke kAraNa gauNazabda kahalAtA hai / jaise 'gaurvAhIka:' (vAhIkadezavAsI puruSa baila hai), yahA~ baila meM rahanevAle jADya-mAndya Adi guNoM ke samAna jADyamAndya Adi guNoM kA vAhIka meM yoga hone se usameM baila ke vAcaka gozabda aura gotvarUpa artha kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai / " yahA~ bhI anya vastu para anya vastu yA usake dharma kA Aropa karane ko upacAra nAma diyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, kisI vastu para anya vastu ke vAcaka zabda aura artha ke Aropa ko upacAra kahA gayA hai| ye Aropita zabda aura artha gauNa - zabda aura gauNa - artha athavA upacarita-zabda aura upacarita-artha kahalAte haiN| zvetAmbarAcArya vaiyAkaraNa - kAvyazAstrI hemacandra ne bhI kahA hai - " mukhyArthabAdhe nimitte prayojane ca bhedAbhedAbhyAmAropito gauNaH / " (kAvyAnuzAsana 1 / 15 ) / arthAt mukhyArtha kA bAdha tathA nimitta aura prayojana ke hone para bheda aura abhedapUrvaka 22 jo Aropita kiyA jAtA hai vaha gauNa artha kahalAtA hai| AcArya hemacandra uparyukta sUtra kI svIpajJavRtti meM kahate haiM - " guNebhya AyatatvAdgauNaH / tadviSayaH zabdo'pi gauNaH upari cocyate / " arthAt guNoM ke nimitta se Aropita hone ke kAraNa use gauNa artha kahate haiN| usa gauNa artha kA viSayabhUta zabda bhI gauNa yA upacarita kahalAtA hai| 5. 2. upacAra ke niyama upacAra ke kucha niyama hote haiM / una niyamoM ke anusAra jaba kisI vastu para anya vastu ke dharma kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI vaha upacAra kahalAtA hai| AcArya devasena ne AlApapaddhati ke nimnalikhita sUtra (212) meM upacAra ke niyamoM kA varNana kiyA hai "mukhyAbhAve sati nimitte prayojane copacAraH pravartate / " 44. anuvAda- 'vastu meM jisa dharma kA upacAra kiyA jAnA hai, vaha dharma jaba usa vastu meM svabhAvataH na ho tathA usa dharma ke upacAra kA koI sAdRzyAdisambandharUpa nimitta ho aura upacAra karane kA koI prayojana bhI ho, tabhI upacAra pravRtta hotA hai / " - jaise 'yaha bAlaka siMha hai' isa vAkya meM bAlaka para siMha ke siMhatvarUpa dharma kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| bAlaka svabhAvataH siMha nahIM hai, kintu usameM siMha ke krauryazauryAdi guNoM ke samAna krauryazauryAdi guNa haiM, jinake kAraNa usa para siMhatva kA Aropa kiyA 32. "tatra sAdRzye nimitte bhedenAropito yathA - ' gaurvAhIka : ' / idaM vakSyamANarUpakAlaGkArasya bIjam / abhedena yathA - ' gaurevAyam' iti / idamatizayoktiprathamabhedasya ( bIjam ) / " kAvyAnuzAsana-svopajJavRtti 1 / 15 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/ pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 195 jA sakatA hai tathA usameM krauryazauryAdi kA atizaya batalAnA vaktA kA prayojana bhI hai, ataH yaha upacAra niyamAnurUpa hone se upacAra saMjJA pAtA hai| inameM se eka bhI niyama kA ullaMghana hone para kisI vastu para anya vastu ke dharma kA Aropa upacAra saMjJA prApta nahIM kara sktaa| upacAra ke aura bhI udAharaNa liye jA sakate haiM, jaise 'yaha lar3akA gadhA hai,' 'vaha lar3akI to sarasvatI hai,' 'Apa manuSya nahIM devatA haiM', 'vaha iMsAna nahIM, zaitAna hai' ityaadi| upacAra ke ye udAharaNa bhI uparyukta tInoM niyamoM para AdhArita haiN| 5.3. upacaritazabda kA mukhyArtha asatya, ata eva agrAhya 'yaha bAlaka siMha hai' isa udAharaNa meM bAlaka meM siMhazabda kA upacAra kiyA gayA hai, ataH yahA~ siMhazabda upacarita hai| yataH bAlaka ko siMha kahanA asatya hai, ataH upacarita zabda kA mukhyArtha asatya hotA hai| 'upacarita' vizeSaNa 'upacarita' zabda ke mukhyArtha kI asatyatA, bAdhitatA yA anupapannatA kA sUcaka hai| ataH upacarita zabda kA mukhyArtha agrAhya hai, jaise uparyukta udAharaNa meM 'siMha' zabda kA siMhanAmaka krUrapazurUpa mukhyArtha agrAhya hai| isI prakAra kisI savastra strI yA puruSa ko upacAra se nagna kahane para 'nagna' zabda kA nirvastrarUpa mukhyArtha asatya hotA hai, ataH vaha agrAhya hai| 5.4. upacarita zabda se upacarita artha grAhya yataH upacarita zabda kA mukhyArtha asatya hone se agrAhya hotA hai, ataH upacarita zabda kA prayoga mukhyArtha se sambaddha kisI anya artha kA bodha karAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| use upacarita artha kahate haiN| mukhyArtha na hone se vaha zabda kI abhidhAzakti dvArA pratipAdita nahIM hotA, ataH usakA pratipAdana lakSaNAzakti se hotA hai, isalie vaha lakSyArtha bhI kahalAtA hai| isakA prarUpaNa prasiddha kAvyazAstrI mammaTa ne kAvyaprakAza kI nimnalikhita kArikA meM kiyA hai mukhyArthabAdhe tadyoge rUDhito'tha pryojnaat| anyo'rthoM lakSyate yatsA lakSaNAropitA kriyaa|| 2/9 // anuvAda-"zabda kA jo mukhyArtha hotA hai, vaha yadi bAdhita yA asaMgata ho aura usa mukhyArtha se kisI anya artha kA sambandha ho, to rUDhi athavA prayojanavizeSa se vaha anya artha jisa zabdazakti ke dvArA lakSita kiyA jAtA hai, use lakSaNA kahate haiN|" For Personal & Private Use Only

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196 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 ___yataH upacarita zabda ke hI mukhyArtha kA bAdha hotA hai, mukhya zabda ke mukhyArtha kA nahIM, ataH uparyukta kArikA meM upacarita zabda ke hI mukhyArthabAdha kI bAta kahI gaI hai aura upacarita zabda ke mukhyArtha se sambaddha anya artha ke hI lakSaNA dvArA bodha karAye jAne kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| vaiyAkaraNoM aura kAvyazAstriyoM ke isa kathana se pramANita hai ki upacarita zabda kA prayoga mukhyArtha se saMyukta anya artha kA bodha karAne ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha 'yaha bAlaka siMha hai' isa upacArakathana meM 'siMha' zabda upacarita hai, ataH usakA siMha-nAmaka-krUrapazurUpa mukhyArtha bAdhita hotA hai| kintu usake mukhyArtha ke sAtha krauryazauryAdiguNa-yuktarUpa anya artha sambaddha hai| bAlaka meM bhI siMhasadRza krauryazauryAdiguNa vidyamAna haiN| ataH ina guNoM kI apekSA bAlaka aura siMha meM sAdRzyasambandha hai| tathA vaktA kA prayojana bhI yaha batalAnA hai ki bAlaka meM krauryazauryAdi guNoM kI adhikatA hai| isa prayojana se hI vaktA bAlaka ko upacAra se siMha kahatA hai| isa dRSTAnta se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki upacarita zabda kA prayoga upacarita artha kA bodha karAne ke lie hI hotA hai, ataH upacarita zabda se upacarita artha hI grAhya hai| arthAt 'yaha bAlaka siMha hai' yahA~ upacarita 'siMha' zabda se yaha upacarita artha grahaNa karanA cAhie ki bAlaka atyanta krUra aura zUra hai| jisa bAlaka ko siMha kahA jAtA hai, vaha mukhyArtha kI apekSA siMha nahIM hotA, apitu upacarita artha kI apekSA arthAt krauryazauryAdiguNa-yuktatA kI apekSA siMha hotA hai| digambaraparamparA meM bhI AryikAoM ko upacAra se mahAvratI kahA gayA hai| ise spaSTa karate hae AcArya jayasena kahate haiM ki upacAra meM makhyArtha kI apekSA kathana nahIM hotaa| jaise 'yaha devadatta agni ke samAna krUra hai' isa kathana meM devadatta ko mukhyArtha kI apekSA (sAkSAt) agni nahIM kahA gayA hai, apitu atyanta ugrasvabhAvarUpa upacarita artha kI apekSA agni kahA gayA hai, vaise hI AryikAoM ko upacArataH mahAvratI kahane se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki unheM mukhyArtha kI apekSA mahAvratI kahA gayA hai, balki 'mahAvratI' zabda ke mukhyArtha, ke sAtha jo zrAvakottara-saMyama-dhAriNIrUpa anya artha sambaddha hai, jise upacarita artha kahate haiM, usakI apekSA ve mahAvratI siddha hotI haiN| zrAvakoM ke samAna zrAvikAoM meM bhI utkRSTa (kSullikA), madhyama aura jaghanya zreNiyA~ hotI haiN| AryikA-zreNI inase ucca hai, kyoMki AryikAe~ strIsAmarthyayogya uccatama saMyama kA pAlana karatI haiN| mahAvratoM ke sAtha strIyogya uccatama saMyama kA sAdRzyasambandha hai| ataH AryikAoM meM usake (strIyogya uccatama saMyama ke) astitva kA bodha karAne ke lie unheM upacAra se mahAvratI kahA jAtA hai| isase striyoM kI uparyukta For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 197 zreNiyoM kA pArasparikabheda spaSTa hotA hai aura zrAvaka-zravikAoM ke dvArA unakI yathAyogya vinaya kI jAnI cAhie , yaha artha bhI dhotita hotA hai| AcArya jayasena ne ise kulavyavasthA (strIsaMghavyavasthA) kahA hai aura ise jJApita karane ke lie hI AryikAoM ko upacAra se mahAvratI kahane kA aucitya batalAyA hai| sAra yaha ki digambaraparamparA meM AryikAe~ upacarita artha kI apekSA mahAvratI hotI haiM, mukhyArtha kI apekSA nhiiN| ataH upacarita zabda se upacarita artha hI grAhya hai|33 5.5. 'nagna' zabda ke mukhya aura upacarita artha jisa prakAra 'siMha' zabda kA mukhya artha hai 'siMha nAmaka krUra-zUra pazu tathA upacarita artha hai 'krauryazauryAdiguNa-yukta', usI prakAra 'nagna' zabda kA mukhya artha hai 'vastrarahita-zarIravAlA' tathA upacarita artha haiM : nirlajja, asabhya, azlIlaceSTAkArI, unmatta (pAgala), daridra aadi| kyoMki vastrAdi-sakala-parigraha-tyAgI muni ke atirikta nirlajjatA Adi dharmoM se yukta manuSya hI kadAcit nagna ho jAte haiN| ataH nagna zabda ke mukhyArtha ke sAtha nirlajja, asabhya Adi artha saMyukta haiN| isalie ye nagna zabda ke upacarita artha haiN| jo yathArthataH nagna hai, use nagna kahane se to 'nagna' zabda nirvastrarUpa mukhya artha kA hI abhidhAzakti se pratipAdana karatA hai, kintu jo savastra hai, use nagna kahane se vaha ('nagna' zabda) nirvastrarUpa mukhyArtha kA pratipAdana na kara lakSaNAzakti se nirlajja, asabhya azlIlaceSTAkArI, unmatta, daridra Adi upacarita artha kI pratIti karAtA hai| mukhya aura upacarita donoM 'nagna' zabdoM se nirvastrarUpa mukhyArtha kA pratipAdana nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki upacarita-'nagna' zabda kA nirvastrarUpa mukhyArtha bAdhita (asaMgata) ho jAtA hai| upacarita-'nagna' zabda se nirlajjAdi-rUpa upacarita artha kA hI pratipAdana saMbhava hai| savastra puruSa yA strI ke lie loka meM 'nagna' zabda ke aise aneka upacaritaprayoga milate haiM, jinase 'nagna' zabda upacarita artha kA bodha karAtA hai| jaise 'naMgA-luccA', 'bhUkhe-naMge loga', 'naMgA nahAye nicor3e kyA?', 'apanA naMgApana mata dikhalAo,' 'vaha to naMgaI para utara AyA', 'naMgoM se to khudA bhI DaratA hai', 'maiM sare Ama tumheM naMgA karU~gA', ityAdi muhAvaroM meM 'naMgA' zabda aupacArika hone se 'nirvastra' (khule guhyAMgavAlA) artha kA vAcaka nahIM hai, apitu lakSaNA-vyaMjanA zaktiyoM ke dvArA atyanta nirlajja, atyanta daddhi, atyanta nIca AcaraNa karanevAlA. atyanta lajjita kiye jAne yogya ityAdi arthoM kA pratipAdaka hai| ye upacarita 'nagna' zabda ke upacarita artha haiN| 33. "atha mataM-yadi mokSo nAsti tarhi bhavadIyamate kimarthamarjikAnAM mahAvratAropaNam? parihAra mAhatadupacAreNa kulvyvsthaa-nimittm| na copacAraH sAkSAd bhavitumarhati agnivat krUro'yaM devadatta ityaadivt| tathA coktam-mukhyAbhAve sati prayojane nimitte copAcAraH prvrtte|" tAtparyavRtti / pravacanasAra / A.jayasena-nirdiSTa gAthA 'jadi daMsaNeNa suddhA' 3/13/ pR.277-278| For Personal & Private Use Only

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198 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 3 / pra0 2 kintu 'jIrNavastradhArI' artha upacarita nagna zabda kA upacarita artha nahIM hai, kyoMki 'jIrNavastradhAritva' nirlajjatA Adi ke samAna nagna vyakti kA koI guNa-dharma nahIM hai| vaha nagna vyakti meM pAyA hI nahIM jaataa| jo nagna hai, vaha jIrNavastradhArI nahIM ho sakatA, jo jIrNavastradhArI hai, vaha nagna nahIM ho sakatA / ataH nagna vyakti meM jisa dharma kA Atyantika abhAva hai, vaha 'nagna' zabda kA upacarita artha nahIM ho sakatA / ataH 'nagna' zabda kI lakSaNAzakti se usakA lakSita honA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra loka meM jaise atyanta kraurya - zaurya - guNavAle bAlaka ko hI upacAra se siMha kahA jAtA hai, jaise atyanta mandabuddhi manuSya ko hI upacAra se baila, gadhA yA ullU zabda se pukArA jAtA hai, jaise atyanta duSTa strI ko hI upacAra se cur3aila nAma diyA jAtA hai, vaise hI atyanta nirlajja, daridra, nIca yA beijjata vastradhArI manuSya ko hI upacAra se nagna yA naMgA kahA jAtA hai| isalie yadi laukika dRSTAntoM se sacela muni ko upacAra se acela yA nagna kahe jAne kA aucitya siddha kiyA jAya, to sacelamuni ko nirlajja, asabhya, daridra, yA vikSipta mAne jAne kA prasaMga AtA hai| zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne digambarajaina muniyoM ko nagna hone ke kAraNa nirlajja, bIbhatsa, bhaNDikaceSTAkArI Adi upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA hI hai, isake pramANa pUrva ( zIrSaka 4.3) meM diye jA cuke haiN| upacAra isa viparIta pariNAma se siddha hai ki sacela muni ko upacAra se acela nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki tIrthaMkaroM ne sacela muniyoM ke lie upacAra se 'acela ' yA 'nagna' zabda kA vyavahAra kiye jAne kA upadeza diyA hai, to isakA yaha abhiprAya hogA ki tIrthaMkara sacela muniyoM meM nirlajjatA, daridratA Adi dharma dyotita karanA cAhate the / kintu sacela muniyoM na to ye dharma hote haiM, na hI tIrthaMkaroM kA ukta abhiprAya ho sakatA hai| isase nirNIta hotA hai ki sacela muniyoM ke lie upacAra se 'acela ' yA 'nagna' zabda kA vyavahAra tIrthaMkaropadiSTa nahIM hai, apitu zvetAmbaraTIkAkAroM kI dena hai aura isakA prayojana thA 'nagna' zabda ke 'sarvathA nirvastra' artha ko jhuThalAkara digambarajainamata ko atIrthaMkarapraNIta siddha karane kA pryaas| anabhijJatAvaza TIkAkAroM ne yaha nahIM socA ki sacela muniyoM ko upacAra se nagna kahakara ve unheM nirlajja, daridra Adi kahane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiN| 5.6. dvividha nagnatva ke AgamapramANa upalabdha nahIM 1. mokSamArga ke upadeSTA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM acelatva arthAt nagnatva do prakAra kA thA : mukhya aura aupacArika, ise siddha karane ke lie vizeSAvazyakabhASya vRttikAra zrI maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne koI AgamapramANa nahIM diyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 2 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 199 2. sAdhuoM ke dasa sthitikalpa batalAnevAlI 'Acelakkuddesiya 34 gAthA meM aisA koI bhI saMketa nahIM hai ki vahA~ 'Acelakya' zabda se mukhya Acelakya aura aupacArika Acelakya ye do artha apekSita haiN| yadi aisA hotA, to mUla meM hI agalI gAthA ke dvArA isakA spaSTIkaraNa kara diyA gayA hotaa| 3. zvetAmbara AgamoM meM jahA~ sacelatva kA kathana apekSita thA, vahA~ ' sacela' yA 'sAntarottara' zabdoM kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai, upacAra se 'acela' zabda kA nahIM / 35 4. yadi mokSamArgabhUta Acelakya ke mukhya aura upacArarUpa bheda hoM, to, mokSa ke bhI mukhya aura upacArarUpa bheda hoNge| aura aupacArika AcelakyavAle ko aupacArika mokSa kI hI prApti hogI, mukhya ( vAstavika ) mokSa kI nahIM / kintu Agama meM mokSa ke mukhya aura aupacArika bheda nahIM milte| isase siddha hai ki Acelakya ke bhI mukhya aura upacArarUpa bheda Agamokta nahIM haiN| 5. yadi sacela ko upacAra se acela mAnA jAya to sacelatva (eSaNIya vastradhAraNa karane) ko upacAra se acelaparISaha mAnanA hogA / kintu vastradhAraNa karanA to zItAdiparISaha nivAraNa kA sAdhana hai, ataH usameM parISaha kA lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM hotA, phalasvarUpa sacela muni ko upacAra se acela mAnane para acelaparISaha ke abhAva kA prasaMga AtA hai, jo ki Agamaviruddha hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki sacela ko upacAra se acela mAnanA Agamasammata nahIM hai| 5.7. lokarUr3hi evaM upacAra parasparaviruddha zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne lokarUr3hi evaM upacAra donoM se sacela muniyoM ke lie acela yA nagna zabda ke prayoga kI puSTi karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu donoM paraspara viruddha haiN| yathA 1. zabda meM jo artha rUr3ha ho jAtA hai, vaha zabda kA mukhyArtha bana jAtA hai, lekina upacarita artha mukhyArtha nahIM bntaa| isalie rUr3ha artha zabda ko sunate hI samajha meM A jAtA hai, kintu upacarita artha samajhane kI koziza karane para samajha meM AtA hai| kabhI-kabhI koziza karane para bhI samajha meM nahIM AtA, isalie samajhadAroM se pUchanA par3atA hai| 2. rUr3ha zabda kA mukhyArtha loka meM satya mAnA jAtA hai, kintu upacarita zabda ke mukhyArtha ko saba asatya mAnate haiN| 34. jItakalpabhASya / gAthA 1972 ( jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya / pR. 126) / 35. dekhiye, isI adhyAya ke prathama prakaraNa ke zIrSaka 5 evaM 6 | For Personal & Private Use Only

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200 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 3. rUDhArtha kA pratipAdana zabda ke abhidhA-vyApAra dvArA hotA hai, upacarita artha kA pratipAdana lakSaNA-vyApAra ke dvaaraa| 4. rUDhArtha kA bodha mukhyArthabAdha ke vyavadhAna ke binA hotA hai, upacarita artha kA bodha mukhyArthabAdha ke vyavadhAnapUrvaka hotA hai| 5. rUr3ha artha zabda meM sadA vidyamAna rahatA hai, upacarita artha zabda kA upacAra se prayoga karane para hI AtA hai| 6. rUr3ha zabda ke prayoga se sAmAnyavAkyArtha kA bodha hotA hai, upacarita zabda ke prayoga se vizeSavAkyArtha kI pratIti hotI hai| vizeSavAkyArtha kI pratIti karAnA hI upacAra kA prayojana hotA hai| isa prakAra rUDhArtha aura upacarita artha paraspara viruddha hote haiN| ataH yadi sacela strI-puruSa ke lie nagna zabda kA prayoga lokarUr3ha mAnA jAya, to use upacAra se prayukta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, aura yadi upacAra se prayukta mAnA jAya, to lokarUr3ha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa taraha sacela strI-puruSa ke lie 'nagna' yA 'acela' zabda ke prayoga ke viSaya meM ye paraspara viruddha mAnyatAe~ eka-dUsare ko asatya siddha karatI haiN| yahA~ taka prastuta kiye gaye ye bahumukhI vividha pramANa uparyukta kalpanAoM kI aprAmANikatA ko aneka dvAroM se udghATita kara siddha kara dete haiM ki na to Agama meM sacela muni ke lie 'acela' yA 'nagna' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, na hI sacela strI-puruSa ko nagna kahanA lokarUr3hi hai aura na sacela muni ko upacAra se acela yA nagna kahA jA sakatA hai| 'acelaka' zabda ke prati jaisA AkarSaNa zvetAmbaraparamparA meM dikhAyI detA hai, vaha AzcaryakAraka hai| 'acelaka' zabda savastramuktipratipAdaka zvetAmbaraparamparA ke viruddha hai, tathApi isa paramparA ne prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ko kevala acelakadharma kA aura zeSa 22 tIrthaMkaroM ko acela aura sacela, donoM dharmoM kA upadezaka svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu 'acelaka' zabda kI jaisI miTTIpalIda bhI zvetAmbaraparamparA ne kI hai, vaha bhI adbhuta hai| logoM ko jainadharma ke itihAsa tathA saMskRta-prAkRta evaM lokabhASA ke jJAna se sarvathA zUnya mAnate hue tathA bhASA aura vyAkaraNa ke sabhI niyamoM ko tAka para rakhate hue zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki 'acelaka' zabda vastutaH 'sacela' ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| ataH acela muni kA artha hai Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 201 sacela muni aura acelakadharma kA artha hai sceldhrm| isa prakAra unhoMne sacelatva kA sukha bhogate hue apane ko tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa acelakadharma kA anuyAyI siddha karake dikhA diyaa| unakI yaha adbhuta kalA digambaramata kI prAcInatA ko ujAgara karane meM abhUtapUrva sAdhana banI hai| isane sAbita kara diyA hai ki yataH acelaka zabda kA vAstavika artha sarvathA nirvastra arthAt digambara hai, ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vastutaH digambaradharma kA hI upadeza diyA thA, ataH vahI maulika evaM pUrvavartI hai| acelatva ke saMyamAdighAtaka26 hone kA udghoSa paMcamakAla meM ekamAtra sacela sthavirakalpa ko AcaraNIya siddha karane ke lie zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne na kevala jinakalpa (acelatva) ke uccheda kI ghoSaNA kara dI, balki acelatva ko saMyama kA ghAtaka aura dhyAna-adhyayana Adi meM bAdhaka bhI karAra diyaa| zrI jinabhadragaNI kahate haiM ki zarIra ko vastra se AvRta na karane para zItaparISaha se sAdhu ko ArttadhyAna hotA hai, jisase usakA mana dhyAna aura adhyayana meM nahIM lgtaa| zItanivAraNa ke lie yadi vaha agni prajvalita karatA hai, to usase tRNa aura IMdhana meM rahanevAle jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai, jisase saMyama kI virAdhanA hotI hai|37 jaise kSudhAdi se pIr3ita zarIra saMyama kA hetu nahIM hai, vaise hI zIta, Atapa, daMzamazaka Adi se pIr3ita zarIra bhI saMyama kA hetu nahIM hai|8 ___ vastra ke abhAva meM IryAdi pA~ca samitiyoM kA bhI pAlana nahIM ho paataa|39 ThaMDa, dhUpa, havA, varSA Adi upadravoM ke samaya tadanukUla dhRtisaMhanana Adi bala se rahita sAdhu jaldI-jaldI AtA-jAtA hai, jisase IryAsamiti kA pAlana nahIM hotaa| pAtra ke abhAva meM hAtha meM rakhe hue sattU, dahI Adi ke gira jAne ke bhaya se jaldI-jaldI lekara jaldI-jaldI khAyegA, jisase aneSaNA samiti kA pAlana nahIM ho paayegaa| pAtra na hone para bhUmi para hI prazravaNa (mUtrotsarga) aura siMghAna (nAsikAmalakSepaNa) Adi karane se aneka jIvoM kA ghAta hogA, jisase pariSThApanikA samiti sampanna nahIM hogI 36. "vastrAbhAve ye saMyamavirAdhanAdayo doSAH proktAH---1" hema.vRtti. / vize.bhA./2581-83/ pR.516| 37. vahI / gA. 2575-79 / pR.515 / 38. "yathA kSudhAdipIDitaM zarIraM na saMyamahetustathA zItAtapadaMzamazakAdipIDitamapIti bodhym|" pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti 1/2/29 / pR.91 / . "vastrapAtrAdyupakaraNAbhAve samitayaH IryAbhASaiSaNAdAnapariSThApanikAlakSaNAH paJca samitayo na bhavanti, tadabhAvAcca kutaH saMyamaH?" vahI/ 1/2/18 / pR.81 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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202 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 aura aisA karate samaya kisI ke dvArA AkSepa kiye jAne para bhASAsamiti kA bhI dhyAna nahIM rakha paayegaa| AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti bhI vastrapAtrAdi ke binA saMbhava nahIM haiN| samitiyoM ke abhAva meM saMyama kA abhAva hotA hai| vastra ke abhAva meM sAdhu rAsabha Adi ke samAna nirlajja ho jAtA hai| nirlajja puruSa cAritra kA pAlana kaise kara sakatA hai? vastrAvRta puruSa hI lajjAyukta hokara brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai, anyathA jaise ghor3I ko dekhakara ghor3e kI liMgavikRti ho jAtI hai, vaise hI strI ko dekhakara sAdhu ke bhI liMga meM vikAra utpanna ho sakatA hai, jisase pravacanoDDAha (jinazAsana ke anuyAyiyoM meM utpanna vikRti) aura abrahmasevA Adi bahuta se doSa sarvajanavidita ho sakate haiN| isa taraha acelatA lajjA kI rakSA meM samartha na hone se asaMyama kA kAraNa hai| ____ acelatva meM ina saMyamAdivirAdhaka doSoM ke hone kI ghoSaNA guru AryakRSNa ne zivabhUti ke samakSa kI thI, jisakA varNana jinabhadragaNI ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kiyA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki AryakRSNa (I0 prathama zatAbdI) ke pUrva digambaraparamparA vidyamAna thii| vastrAdi ke saMyamasAdhaka hone kA pratipAdana jinabhadragaNI ne AryakRSNa kI ora se acelatva ko saMyamAdi kA virAdhaka ghoSita kara vastrapAtrAdi ko saMyama kA upakArI batalAyA hai, jise vRttikAra maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai "kaM nAma saMyamopakAraM karoti vastrAdikam? iti yadi tava matiH, tarhi kathyate zRNu-sautrikaurNikakalpaistAvat zItArtAnAM trANaM, sAdhUnAmArtadhyAnApaharaNaM kriyte| tathA jvalana-tRNAdIndhanagatAnAM sattvAnAM trANaM rakSaNaM "kriyte'| --- yadi kalpAH na bhaveyuH, tadA zItArtAH sAdhavo'gni-tRNAdIndhana-jvalanaM kuryuH| tatkaraNe cAvazyambhAvI tdgtsttvopghaatH| kalpaistu prAvRtaireSa na bhavatyeva, agnitRNAdijvalanamantareNApi shiitaartinivRtteriti| tathA "kAlacaukkaM ukkosae jahanne tiyaM tu bodhavvaM" 40. "samityAdyabhAvAt sNymaabhaavH|" pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti / 1/2/18/ pR.82| 41. "vastrAbhAve ca rAsabhAdivadavizeSeNa lajjArAhityaM syAt / lajArahitasya ca kutazcAritra pAlanam? ---vastrAvRtasya lajjayA brahmacaryaM syAd , anyathA vaDavAdarzanAd vADavasyeva strIdarzanAlliGgAdivikRtyA pravacanoDDAhAbrahmasevAdayo bahavo doSAH sarvajanaviditA bhveyH|" vahI/1/2/30/ pR.91| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 203 ityAdivacanAt samasta-rAtri-jAgaraNaM kurvadbhiH sAdhubhizcatvAraH kAlA grhiitvyaaH| tacca himakaNapravarSiNi zIte patati catuSkAlaM gRhNatAM teSAmRSINAM kalpAH prAvRtAH santo nirvighnaM svAdhyAya-dhyAnasAdhanaM kurvanti, shiitaartyphrnnaaditi|" (hema.vRtti / vishe.bhaa./2575-76)| anuvAda-"vastrAdi saMyama ke sAdhaka kisa prakAra haiM? sunie, sUtI aura UnI kalpoM (zarIra-pramANa AvaraNoM) se zIta se pIr3ita sAdhuoM kI rakSA hotI hai, ArttadhyAna kA nivAraNa hotA hai tathA agnigata tRNa Adi IMdhana meM rahanevAle jIvoM kI rakSA hotI hai| kyoMki yadi kalpa (AvaraNa) na hoM, to zIta se pIr3ita sAdhu agni jalAkara zIta se bacane kA prayatna kareMge jisase tRNAdi IMdhana meM rahanevAle jIvoM kA ghAta avazyambhAvI hai| kalpoM ko or3ha lene se agni jalAye binA bhI zIta kI pIr3A kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai| tathA Agama ke anusAra samasta rAtri meM jAgaraNa karanevAle sAdhuoM ko cAra kAla grahaNa karanA caahie| jo sAdhu himakaNa barasAnevAlI zIta meM cAra kAla grahaNa karate haiM, ve kalpoM (sUtI-UnI cAdaroM) se AvRtta hone para dhyAna aura adhyayana nirvighna sampanna karate haiM, kyoMki unheM zIta kI pIr3A nahIM ho paatii|" vRttikAra Age likhate haiM-"tathA yadi sAdhu kI puruSendriya vikRta hai, to vastradhAraNa karane se usakI vikRti DhaMka jAtI hai, jisase vaha logoM ke lie glAni kA kAraNa nahIM bntaa| isake atirikta striyoM ko dekhane se yadi usake liMga kA utthAna ho jAtA hai, to colapaTTaka pahanane se vaha prakaTa nahIM ho paataa| phalasvarUpa vaha logoM ke sAmane lajjita hone se baca jAtA hai| isa taraha usake lajjArUpa saMyama kA pAlana hotA hai|3 vastradhAraNa karane se pUrva meM kahe anusAra pA~ca samitiyoM kA bhI pAlana hotA hai|" vizeSAvazyakabhASyakAra ne pAtra kI saMyamopakAritA kA bhI vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa taraha AryakRSNa ne zivabhUti ke samakSa vastrapAtra kI saMyamopakAritA kA jo vistAra se varNana kiyA thA use jinabhadragaNI ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM abhilikhita kiyA hai| yaha digambaraparamparA dvArA vastrapAtrAdi ko asaMyamakArI kahe jAne kI pratikriyA kA phala hai| isase digambaramata kI pUrvavartitA siddha hotI hai| 42. veuvve'vAyaDe vAie hIkhaDDe pajaNaNe cev| tesiM aNuggahaThThA liMgudayaTThA ya paTTo o|| klpbhaassy| (vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA. 2575-79 kI hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti meM uddhRt|) 43. "hIrlajjA saMyamo vaa|" (hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2553-57 / 44. vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2575-79 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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204 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra02 tIrthaMkara isake apavAda zivabhUti kI tarapha se prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki yadi vastrapAtrAdi saMyama ke upakArI haiM, to jinendra ne unheM grahaNa kyoM nahIM kiyA? isake uttara meM guru AryakRSNa kI ora se jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kahate haiM___"jinendra anupamadhRti aura anupama saMhanana ke dhArI, chadmAvasthA meM caturbAnI, atizayasattvasampanna, acchidrapANi aura jitasamastaparISaha hote haiM, ataH vastrapAtrarahita hone para bhI unheM saMyamavirAdhanAdi doSa nahIM lgte| phalasvarUpa unake lie vastrapAtrAdi upakaraNa saMyama ke sAdhaka nahIM haiN| ataH tIrthaMkara vastrapAtrAdi grahaNa naI krte| tathApi yaha upadeza dene ke lie ki tIrtha (mokSamArga) savastra hI hai, aura savastra sAdhu hI mokSamArga meM cirakAla taka hoMge, ve ekavastra lekara ghara se nikalate haiN| jaba vaha vastra gira jAtA hai, taba nirvastra hote haiM, sadA nhiiN| isa taraha jinendra bhI sarvathA acelaka nahIM hote|" (vize.bhA./gA. 2581-83) / tIrthaMkaroM kI barAbarI karane kA niSedha zivabhUti kahatA hai ki jinendra bhI acela the, isalie maiM bhI acela hI rahU~gA, kyoMki jaisA guru kA liMga hotA hai, vaisA hI ziSya kA bhI honA caahie| zvetapaTadhArI yA nagna sAdhu buddha kA ziSya nahIM kahalA sktaa| ise AryakRSNa anucita batalAte haiN| ve kahate haiM-"yadi tIrthaMkara ke ziSya hone ke kAraNa unakA veza tumhAre lie pramANa hai, to unakA upadeza bhI tumhAre lie pramANa honA cAhie, kyoMki guru ke upadeza kA ullaMghana karake ziSya abhISTa kI siddhi nahIM kara sktaa| paramaguru kA upadeza yaha hai ki jo nirupama dhRti aura nirupama saMhanana Adi atizaya se rahita hai, use acelaka kabhI nahIM honA caahie|" isa para zivabhUti kahatA hai-"jaise guru kA upadeza karaNIya hai, vaise hI unakA veSa aura carita bhI avazya AcaraNIya haiN|" ___ AryakRSNa kahate haiM-"yaha anucita hai, kyoMki unakA upadeza hI kAryasAdhaka hai| jaise rogI, vaidya ke upadeza kA pAlana karane se hI roga se mukta hotA hai, usake 45. jArisiyaM guruliMgaM sIseNa vi tAriseNa hoyavvaM / na hi hoi buddhasIso seyavaDo naggakhavaNo vaa|| (vizeSAvazyakabhASya-gAthA 2585 kI hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti meM uddhRt)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 205 veza aura carita kA anukaraNa karane se nahIM, vaise hI jinavaidya ke upadeza kA pAlana karanevAlA hI karmaroga se mukta hotA hai, unake veSa aura carita kA anukaraNa karanevAlA nhiiN| jinendravat yogyatA na rahate hue bhI, jo unake veza aura carita kA anukaraNa karatA hai, vaha unmAda Adi kA hI pAtra banatA hai|" ____nagnamudrA dhAraNa kara tIrthaMkaroM kI barAbarI karane kA yaha niSedha bhI digambaratva kI pUrvavartitA kA pramANa hai, kyoMki digambaraparamparA meM hI tIrthaMkaragRhIta mArga ko anukaraNIya mAnakara pratyeka mumukSu puruSa ke lie digambaraveza anivAryataH grAhya batalAyA gayA hai| saMyamasAdhanabhUta vastrAdi ke mUrchAhetutva kA niSedha digambaraparamparA vastrapAtrAdi ko saMyama kA sAdhana nahIM mAnatI, isake viparIta unheM mUrchA kA phala aura mUrchA kA hetu mAnatI hai, kyoMki ve parISahapIr3A ke na sahe jA sakane ke kAraNa dehasukha kI icchA se grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| isakA khaMDana karane ke lie sacela sthavirakalpa ke ekAnta samarthaka AryakRSNa vastrapAtrAdi ko pahale saMyama kA sAdhana siddha karane kI ceSTA karate haiM, pazcAt saMyamasAdhanoM ke mUrchAhetutva kA niSedha karate haiN| yathA vatthAI teNa jaM jaM sNjmsaahnnmraagdosss| taM tamapariggaho cciya pariggaho jaM tduvghaaiN|| 2574 // vishe.bhaa.| anuvAda-"rAgadveSarahita jIva ke vastrAdirUpa jo padArtha saMyama ke sAdhana haiM, ve parigraha nahIM haiM, apitu jo saMyama ke upaghAtaka haiM, ve parigraha haiN|" ise ve deha aura AhAra ke dRSTAnta dvArA siddha karane kA prayatna karate haiN| ve kahate haiM-"yadi vastrapAtrAdi paradravya hone se mUrchA ke hetu haiM, to deha aura AhAra bhI paradravya haiM, ataH unheM bhI mUrchA kA hetu mAnanA hogaa| yadi tuma kaho ki deha aura AhAra mokSa ke sAdhana hone se mokSabuddhi se grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, ata: unameM mUrchA nahIM ho sakatI, to vastrapAtrAdi bhI mokSa ke sAdhana haiM, unheM mokSasAdhana-buddhi se grahaNa karane para mUrchA kaise ho sakatI hai?"46 arthAt vastrapAtrAdi saMyama ke sAdhana 46. mucchAheU gaMtho jai to dehAio khmgNtho| mucchAvao kahaM vA gaMtho vatthAdasaMgassa // 2562 // aha dehA''hArAisu na mokkhasAhaNamaIe te mucchaa| kA mokkhasAhaNesuM mucchA vatthAiesuM to|| 2563 // vishessaavshykbhaassy| For Personal & Private Use Only

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206 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 3 / pra0 2 hone se grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, ataH unake grahaNa se mUrcchA nahIM hotI, isalie ve grantha yA parigraha nahIM haiN| kintu vastrapAtrAdi kA grahaNa mUrcchA kA hI phala hai aura gRhIta vastrapAtrAdi mUrcchA ke janaka haiM, ataH grantha haiM, yaha Age spaSTa kiyA jAyegA / yahA~ kevala yaha draSTavya hai ki zivabhUti ke guru AryakRSNa ke dvArA isa digambaramAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA jAnA ki vastrAdi kA grahaNa mUrcchA kA hetu hai, digambaramata kI pUrvavartitA siddha karatA hai| 11 kaSAyAdi ke hetu hote hue bhI vastrAdi ke granthatva kA niSedha zivabhUti digambaramata ke anusAra vastrapAtrAdi ko kaSAya, bhaya tathA raudradhyAna kA hetu batalAkAra unheM parityAjya kahatA hai / 47 guru AryakRSNa zivabhUti para AkSepa karate hue kahate haiM- " yadi vastrapAtrAdi kaSAya ke hetu haiM, isalie parigraha hone se mumukSu ko unakA parityAga kara denA cAhie, to tumhArA apanA zarIra bhI apane AtmA ke lie kaSAya kA hetu hai, ataH vaha bhI parigraha hone se parityAjya siddha hotA hai / athavA yadi tuma mAnate ho ki deha kaSAyahetu hote hue bhI mokSasAdhanabuddhi se grahaNa kiye jAne para grantha nahIM hai, to vastrapAtrAdi bhI kaSAyahetu hote hue bhI mokSasAdhanabuddhi se grahaNa kiye jAne para grantha siddha nahIM hote|" (vize. bhA. / gA. 2558-61) / "isI prakAra yadi vastrapAtrAdi coroM se bhaya utpanna karate haiM, to deha bhI siMhAdi hiMsra pazuoM se bhayotpatti kA hetu hai / kintu bhaya kA hetu hote hue bhI yadi dharmasAdhana hone se deha grantha nahIM hai, to vastra bhI dharmasAdhana hone se grantha kaise ho sakate haiM?" (vize. bhA. / gA. 2568-69) / "tathA cora-DAkuoM se vastrapAtrAdi kI rakSA ke lie yadi saMrakSaNAnubandhI raudradhyAna utpanna hotA hai, to yaha siMha, vyAghra, sarpa Adi se deha kI rakSA ke lie bhI utpanna hotA hai| kintu aisA hote hue bhI yadi dharmasAdhana kA aMga hone se deha kA saMrakSaNAnubandhavidhAna prazasta hI hai, doSajanaka nahIM, to dharmasAdhana hone se vastrAdi kA bhI saMrakSaNAnubandhavidhAna prazasta hI siddha hotA hai, doSapUrNa nhiiN|" (vize.bhA. / gA. 2570-71) / isa digambaramata ke khaNDana se bhI digambaramata kI pUrvavartitA siddha hotI hai| 47. "paralokArthinA sa eva niSparigraho jinakalpaH karttavyaH, kiM punaranena kaSAyabhayamUrcchAdidoSanidhinA parigrahAnarthena ?" hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vize. bhA. / gA. 2551-52 / For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 207 12 svarNa aura yuvatI ke granthatva kA niSedha digambaramata meM hetu-dRSTAnta-nyAya se vastrAdi ko grantha siddha kiyA gayA hai| yathA-'vastrAdi grantha haiM, kyoMki ve mUrchA ke hetu haiM, jaise svarNa aadi|' isakA khaNDana karane ke lie AryakRSNa yA unakI tarapha se zrI jinabhadragaNI anya hetu aura dRSTAnta se svarNa aura strI ko bhI agrantha siddha karate haiN| jaise-'svarNa aura dharmAntevAsinI yuvatI merI hai, kyoMki vaha merI deha ke lie upakArI hai, jaise aahaar|' gaNI jI kA kathana hai ki yuvatI kA dehopakAritva to spaSTa hai, svarNa isalie dehopakArI hai ki usase viSa kA upacAra hotA hai| dekhiye vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI yaha gAthA AhAro vva na gaMtho dehatthaM visghaaynntttthaae| kaNagaM pi tahA juvaI dhammaMtevAsiNI me tti|| 2572 // jinabhadragaNI jI kA Azaya yaha hai ki deha mokSasAdhana kA aMga hai aura AhAra deha kA upakArI hai, ataH vaha bhI mokSa kA sAdhana hai, isalie ye donoM grantha nahIM hai| isI prakAra vastra, pAtra, svarNa, yuvatI Adi bhI mokSasAdhanabhUta deha ke upakArI haiM, ataH ye bhI mokSasAdhana ke aMga hone se parigraha nahIM haiM-"kanakayuvatyAdayo'pi na granthaH, dehArthatvAt , AhAravaditi taatprym|" (hema.vRtti / vize.bhA./ gaa.2572)| yadi inameM mUrchA hogI to parigraha khlaayeNge| kintu mokSasAdhanabuddhi se grahaNa karane para inameM mUrchA hogI hI nhiiN| isa Azaya kA pratipAdana unhoMne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI nimnalikhita gAthAoM meM kiyA hai tamhA kimatthi vatthu gaMtho'gaMtho va savvahA loe? gaMtho'gaMtho va mao mucchamamucchAhiM nicchyo|| 2573 // vatthAI teNa jaM jaM sNjmsaahnnmraag-dosss| taM tamapariggaho cciya pariggaho jaM tduvghaaiN|| 2574 // ina gAthAoM kA abhiprAya vRttikAra hemacandra sUri ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM upanyasta kiyA hai48. "api ca, yadi vastrAdikaM granthaH, mUrchAdihetutvAt , kanakAdivaditi hetudRSTAntopanyAsamAtreNaiva vastrAdergranthatvaM sAdhayati bhavAn , tarhi vayamapi tadupanyAsamAtreNa kanakAderapyagranthatvaM saadhyaamH| kathama ityAha --- kanakaM tathA yavatizca dharmAntevAsinI me mameti baddhyA parigahato na grantha iti sambandhaH, eSA kila prtijnyaa| kutaH? ityAha-dehArthamiti kRtvA, ayaM ca hetuH, dehArthatvAt dehaprayojanatvAt dehopkaaritvaadityrthH| nanu yuvatedehopakAritvaM kila pratItam, kanakasya tu tat katham? ityAha-'visaghAyaNaTThAe tti, viSaghAtakatvAdityarthaH---AhAravaditi dRssttaantH|" hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gaa.2572| For Personal & Private Use Only

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208 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra0 2 " tasmAt kiM nAma tad vastvasti loke yadAtmasvarUpeNa sarvathA grantho'grantho vA? naastyevaitdityrthH| tatazca 'mucchA pariggaho vRtto ii vuttaM mahesiNA' ityAdivacanAd yatra vasu-dehA''hAra- kanakAdau mUrcchA sampadyate tad nizcayataH paramArthato granthaH / yatra tu sA nopajAyate tadagrantha iti / " ( hema vRtti / vize. bhA. / gA. 2573-74) / anuvAda - " loka meM aisI kaunasI vastu hai, jo apane-Apa meM sarvathA grantha yA agrantha ho ? arthAt koI bhI nahIM hai / isalie 'bhagavAn ne mUrcchA ko parigraha kahA hai' (dazavai.sU.) isa vacana ke anusAra jina dhana, deha, AhAra, svarNa Adi ('Adi' zabda se yuvatI bhI gRhIta hai) meM mUrcchA utpanna hotI hai, ve paramArthataH grantha haiM, jinameM nahIM hotI, ve agrantha haiM / " grantha (parigraha) aura agrantha (aparigraha ) kI yaha paribhASA sonA-cA~dI, hIremotI aura strI ke saMga ko bhI aparigraha siddha kara detI hai, jo bhagavAn ke upadeza ke viruddha hai| AcArAMga meM sabhI prakAra ke sthUla sUkSma, cetana-acetana bAhya dravya ke saMga ko parigraha kahA gayA hai, yaha pUrva meM nirdiSTa kiyA jA cukA hai| aura yuvatI kA saMga, usakI dehopakAritA to brahmacarya mahAvrata kI upaghAtaka hai| taba vaha mokSa kA sAdhana kaise ho sakatI hai? vaha to naraka kA sAdhana hai| ataH vaha mUrcchA kA hetu na ho, yaha to ho hI nahIM sktaa| ataH uparyukta hetu aura dRSTAnta kA prayoga kanaka aura yuvatI Adi ko agrantha siddha karane meM sarvathA asamartha hai| niSkarSa yaha ki uparyukta hetu - dRSTAntanyAya ke anusAra 'mucchA pariggaho vutto ii vuttaM mahesiNA' (dazavaikAlika 6/20 ) parigraha kI yaha paribhASA bhagavAn ke upadeza ke bilakula viruddha hai| isakA vistRta vivecana Age kiyA jAyegA / yahA~ sirpha yaha draSTavya hai ki uparyukta prakAra se svarNa, strI Adi ke granthatva kA niSedha karake parigraha kI digambaramAnya paribhASA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki digambaramata zivabhUti aura AryakRSNa ke pUrva se calA A rahA hai| 13 parISahajaya ke Agamaprasiddha artha kA apalApa vastrAdi ko saMyama kA sAdhana mAna lene para parISahajaya kI Agama-pratipAdita paribhASA se visaMvAda honA svAbhAvika thA / zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka Adi se utpanna pIr3AoM ko samabhAva se sahane kA nAma parISahajaya hai| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba zarIra nagna ho / AcArAMga meM bhI kahA gayA hai " jo muni acela vicaraNa karatA hai, use tRNasparza - parISaha pIr3ita karatA hai, zItaparISaha trAsa detA hai, uSNaparISaha santApa detA hai, DA~sa-macchara pIr3A pahu~cAte haiM aura eka yA aneka anukUla-pratikUla parISaha Ate haiN| unheM vaha bhalI-bhA~ti sahana For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 2 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 209 karatA hai| isa prakAra acela muni upakaraNoM aura karmoM ke bhAra mukta ho jAtA hai / " ( hindI - anuvAda / zIlAMkAcAryavRtti / aacaa./1/7/7/220-221)| bhagavatI - ArAdhanA kI 423vIM gAthA kI TIkA meM aparAjita sUri likhate haiM - " parISahasUtroM (uttarAdhyayana) meM jo zIta, daMzamazaka, tRNasparza Adi kI pIr3AoM ko sahana karane ke vacana haiM, unase siddha hotA hai ki sAdhu ko acela (nagna) rahane kA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai, kyoMki savastra ko zItAdi kI pIr3Ae~ nahIM hotIM / 49 kintu vastrAdi ko saMyama kA upakArI mAna lene se acelatva kA niSedha ho jAtA hai, jisase parISahajaya kA upadeza bhI asaMgata ho jAtA hai| ataH savastra rahate hue bhI parISahajaya ke upadeza kI saMgati baiThAne ke lie paravartI zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne parISahajaya ke artha ko hI badala diyA / boTika zivabhUti jinakalpa kA pakSa grahaNa karate hue kahatA hai ki Agama meM muni ko 'jitAcelaparISaha' (nAgnyaparISaha ko jItanevAlA) kahA gayA hai, ataH acelatva hI grAhya hai / 50 isake uttara meM guru AryakRSNa kahate haiM- " yaha hama bhI jAnate haiM ki muni jitAcela - parISaha hotA hai| kintu acelaparISaha ko jItane kA artha sarvathA vastratyAga nahIM hai, apitu aneSaNIya doSa se yukta vastra ke tyAga ko acelaparISaha - jaya kahate haiN| yadi vastra ke sarvathA parityAga ko acelaparISahajaya mAnA jAya to AhAra ke bhI sarvathA tyAga ko kSudhA tRSAparISahajaya mAnanA hogaa| para aisA nahIM hai, udgamAdi doSoM se rahita zuddha eSaNIya AhAra - jala grahaNa karane para bhI muni kSudhA - tRSA parISahoM ko jItanevAlA kahalAtA hai / isI prakAra eSaNIya vastroM kA upayoga karate hue bhI kevala aneSaNIya vastra kA paribhoga na karanevAlA muni acela parISahajayI kahalAtA hai / "51 49. "idaM cAcelatAprasAdhanaparaM zItadaMzamazakatRNasparzaparISahasahanavacanaM parISahasUtreSu / na hi sacelaM zItAdayo bAdhante / " vijayodayATIkA / bha.A./gA. 'Acelakku' 423 / pR. 326 / 50. jaM ca jiyAcelaparisaho muNI jaM ca tIhiM ThANehiM / vatthaM dharijja gaMtao tao'celayA seyA // 2557 // vizeSAvazyakabhASya / anuvAda - muni vahI hai, jo acelaparISaha ko jItatA hai aura acela parISaha ko vahI jItatA hai, jo vastra tyAga detA hai / tathA tIna sthitiyoM meM vastra dhAraNa karane kI jo (zvetAmbarIya) Agama meM anumati dI gaI hai, vaha aikAntika nahIM hai, ataH acelatva hI zreyaskara hai| " 51. "tasmAdaneSaNIyayAdidoSaduSTavastraparibhogeNaivAjitAcelaparISahatvaM bhavati / " hema.vRtti / vize. bhA. / gA. 2594 - 97 / anuvAda - isalie aneSaNIyAdi doSoM se dUSita vastra kA paribhoga karane se hI muni parISahoM ko na jItanevAlA hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only w

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210 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 / pra02 ___ yahA~ kSudhAtRSAparISahajaya ke dRSTAnta se acelaparISahajaya kI vyAkhyA ucita nahIM hai| AhAratyAga kA nAma kSudhAtRSAparISahajaya nahIM hai, apitu nirdoSa AhAra na milane para ayogya AhAra grahaNa na karanA aura akAla meM bhikSA kI icchA na karate hue kSudhAtRSA kI vedanA ko samabhAva se sahanA kSudhAtRSAparISahajaya kahalAtA hai| (sa. si./ 9/9) / eSaNIya AhAra ke grahaNa se aneSaNIya AhAra kA tyAga apane-Apa ho jAtA hai, usa samaya kSudhAvedanA hotI hI nahIM hai, taba kSudhAparISahajaya ke lie avakAza hI nahIM rhtaa| usake lie avakAza taba rahatA hai, jaba eSaNIya AhAra na mile| isa sthiti meM kSudhA kI vedanA hotI hai aura use sahane kA avasara milatA hai| ataH eSaNIya AhAra na milane para akAla meM bhikSA kI icchA na karate hue kSudhA kI vedanA ko samabhAva se sahanA kSudhAtRSAparISahajaya hai| isa prakAra kSudhAtRSAparISahajaya ke lie AhAra kA sarvathA tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA, kintu nAgnyaparISahajaya to nagnatA ke binA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| jaba muni nagna rahatA hai, taba usake lokaviruddha evaM bIbhatsa rUpa ko dekhakara loga usakI nindA kara sakate haiM, usa para upasarga kara sakate haiM tathA muni ko bhI svayaM lajjA A sakatI hai aura mana meM kAmavikAra utpanna huA, to zarIra meM abhivyakta hone se ghora apamAna kA prasaMga upasthita ho sakatA hai| ataH nagna rahane para upasthita honevAle lokanindA aura upasarga ke prasaMgoM ko dhairyapUrvaka sahana karanA tathA apane nagnarUpa ko dekhakara lajjita na honA aura mana ko kAma se abhibhUta na hone denA nAgnyaparISahajaya hai| sAra yaha ki vastrAdi kI saMyamopakAritA ke sAtha mela baiThAne ke lie parISahajaya ke Agamaprasiddha artha kA jo yaha apalApa kiyA gayA hai, usake artha ko badalA gayA hai, usase digambaramata kI pUrvavartitA siddha hotI hai, kyoMki parISahajaya kI ukta paribhASA digambaratva ke sAtha hI mela khAtI hai| 14 'yathAjAtarUpa' kA hAsyAspada arthaprarUpaNa nirgrantha muni ke nagna-svarUpa kI bhrAntirahita pratIti karAne ke lie AcArya kundakunda ne 'yathAjAtarUpa-rUpa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha jahajAyarUvarUvaM susaMjayaM svvsNgpricttN| liMgaM Na parAvekkhaM jo maNNai tassa sammattaM // 91 // mokkhpaahudd| 'yathAjAtarUpa' zabda kA artha hai mAtA ke garbha se nikale hue bAlaka kA rUpa-"yathAjAtarUpaM mAturgarbhanirgatabAlakarUpam" (zrutasAgaraTIkA / mo.pA./ gaa.91)| ataH For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra02 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 211 jaise mAtA ke garbha se nikalA huA zizu sarvathA nagna hotA hai, vaise hI nirgranthamuni sarvathA nagna hote haiN| arthAt unake zarIra ke kisI bhI aMga para vastra kA sadbhAva nahIM hotaa| vaidikaparamparA ke 'paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad' meM bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki kaupIna Adi samasta parigraha kA parityAga kara dene para yathAjAtarUpasadRza rUpa prakaTa hotA hai-"kaTisUtraM kaupInaM daNDaM kamaNDaluM sarvamapsu visRjyAtha jaatruupdhrshcret|" (IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad / pR.419)| kintu zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne vyAkaraNa, zabdakoza, zAstrapramANa aura lokapramANa, sabako ThukarAkara 'yathAjAtarUpa' zabda kA manamAnA artha karate hue likhA hai ki "jainazramaNa kA yathAjAtarUpa mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa, colapaTTaka mAtra mAnA gayA hai|" (mAnava-bhojya-mImAMsA / pR. 492) / saMskRtabhASA kA thor3A sA bhI jJAna rakhanevAle manuSya ko muni jI ke isa artha nirUpaNa para ha~sI Aye binA nahIM rahegI, kyoMki koI bhI bAlaka zarIra para mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa aura colapaTTaka dhAraNa kiye hue mAtA ke garbha se nahIM nikalatA, ataH muni jI kA ina upakaraNoM se yukta zarIra ko jaina zramaNa kA yathAjAtarUpa batalAnA vicitra pratIta hogaa| tathA ise yathAjAtarUpa mAnane para tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa aura colapaTTaka dhAraNa karanevAlA mAnanA hogA, kyoMki ve bhI yathAjAtarUpadhara kahe gaye haiN| kintu manuSya na to mukhavastrikA Adi dhAraNa kiye hue janma letA hai, na hI tIrthaMkara inheM dhAraNa karate haiN| ataH 'yathAjAtarUpa' kA uparyukta arthaprarUpaNa pratyakSa pramANa ke viruddha hone se hAsyAspada hai| . yathAjAtarUpa zabda kA prayoga apane sampradAya ke sacela muni para ghaTAne kI lAlasA se muni jI ke dvArA kiyA gayA yaha hAsyAspada prayAsa siddha karatA hai ki sAdhu kA yathAjAtarUpa (sarvathA nirvastra rUpa) hI tIrthaMkaropadiSTa hai, isIlie vaha itanA pUjya aura AkarSaka hai ki muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI jaise zvetAmbara dArzanika apane sampradAya ke sacela muniyoM ko yathAjAtarUpadhara nAma se prasiddha karane kA lobha saMvaraNa na kara ske| yathAjAtarUpa kI tIrthaMkaropadiSTatA evaM zvetAmbaramuniyoM ke lie bhI ukta nAma kI spRhaNIyatA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki yathAjAtarUpadhara digambaramuniyoM kI paramparA tIrthaMkaroM-jitanI hI prAcIna hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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tRtIya prakaraNa vastrAdi saMyama ke sAdhaka nahIM, ghAtaka zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne vastrAdi ke mUrchAhetutva evaM granthatva kA niSedha isa AdhAra para kiyA hai ki ve saMyama ke sAdhana haiN| unake anusAra jo saMyama kA sAdhana hotA hai, vaha mUrchA kA hetu nahIM hotA, isalie grantha bhI nahIM hotaa| kintu nimnalikhita kAraNoM se siddha hotA hai ki vastrAdi saMyama ke sAdhana nahIM haiM vastrAdigrahaNa dehasukhasAdhanArtha zvetAmbarasAhitya meM tIna prayojanoM se vastragrahaNa karane kI chUTa dI gaI hai-1. liMgavikRti-AcchAdanArtha, 2. kAmavikAra-nigUhanArtha aura 3. priisshpiidd'aa-nivaarnnaarth| parISaha-pIr3A ke nivAraNa kA artha hai dehasukha kI prApti, kyoMki zItAdiparISaha utpanna hone para deha ko jo pratikUlavedana hotA hai vaha duHkha hai aura vastrAdi ke upayoga se pratikUlavedana kI nivRtti hone para jo anukUlavedana hotA hai vaha sukha hai| kahA bhI gayA hai-"pratikUlavedanIyaM duHkhaM, anukUlavedanIyaM sukhm|" pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne bhI vastroM ko zIta, Atapa, vAta, daMzamazaka Adi se utpanna bAdhAoM kI cikitsA karanevAlI auSadhi batalAyA hai,52 jisase dhvanita hotA hai ki vastra pratikUla vedanIyarUpa du:kha ke nivAraka hone se anukUlavedanIyarUpa sukha ke sAdhaka haiN| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM (jise paM0 nAthUrAma jI Adi vidvAnoM ne yApanIyagrantha mAnane kI bhUla kI hai) kahA gayA hai-"zarIra indriyamaya hai| indriyamaya zarIra ke sukha ke lie hI vastrAdi grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| ataH jo vastragrahaNa karatA hai, usake bhItara indriyasukha kI AkAMkSA hai, yaha siddha hotA hai|" 53 bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke TIkAkAra aparAjita sUri ise spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM-"vastra, cAdara Adi indriyasukha ke lie hI grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, kyoMki unase havA, dhUpa Adi aniSTa sparza kA nirodha hotA hai|"54 52. "zItAtapavAtadaMzamazakAdibAdhitasya zarIrasya taccikitsAmAtropayogini vastre --- / " pravacana-parIkSA / vRtti / 1/2/28/ pR.89 / 53. iMdiyamayaM sarIraM gaMthaM geNhadi ya dehsukkhtthN| iMdiyasuhAbhilAso gaMthaggahaNeNa to siddho|| 1157 // bhgvtii-aaraadhnaa| 54. "parigrahaM ca celaprAvaraNAdikamindriyasukhArthameva gRhNAti, vaataatpaadynbhimtsprshnissedhaay|" vijayodayATIkA/bhagavatI-ArAdhanA/ gaa.1157| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra03 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 213 sAra yaha ki dehaduHkha kI nivRtti aura dehasukha kI prApti ke lie vastrAdi paradravya grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, ataH vastrAdidravya dehasukha ke sAdhana haiM, saMyama ke nhiiN| saMyama kI sAdhanA to vastrAdi paradravya ke upabhoga kI nivRtti se hotI hai| isa prakAra vastrAdi-parigraha kA upabhoga indriya-asaMyama kA kAraNa hai aura usake upArjana tathA rakSaNa ke lie manuSya vibhinna prakAra ke hiMsAdi pApa karatA hai, isalie prANi-asaMyama kA bhI kAraNa hai| dazadharmoM ke antargata saMyamadharma kI vivecanA karate hue mAnanIya paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI likhate haiM-"saMyama ke satraha prakAra haiM, jo bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM hai : pA~ca indriyoM kA nigraha, pA~ca avratoM kA tyAga, cAra kaSAyoM kA jaya, tathA mana, vacana aura kAya kI virti| isI prakAra pA~ca sthAvara aura cAra trasa ye nau saMyama tathA prekSyasaMyama, upekSyasaMyama, apahRtyasaMyama, pramRjyasaMyama, kAyasaMyama, vAksaMyama, mana:saMyama aura upakaraNasaMyama, isa taraha kula satraha prakAra kA saMyama hai|" (ta.sU./ vi.sa./ pA.Ti.9 / 6,pR.210)| yahA~ saMyama ke satraha prakAroM meM paMcendriyanigraha sarvaprathama rakhA gayA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki paMcendriyanigraha saMyama kI buniyAda hai| paMcendriyanigraha tabhI hotA hai, jaba indriyA~ parISahoM se pIr3ita hoM aura pIr3A se nivRtti ke lie jisa iSTa viSaya kI apekSA ho, usakI icchA bhI mana meM na Ane dI jAya aura pIr3A ko samabhAva se saha liyA jaay| isa taraha jaba sparzana indriya ko zItAdijanya pIDA ho rahI ho, taba vastrAdi kA paribhoga na karate hue zItAdi kI pIr3A ko dhairyapUrvaka sahane se hI sparzanendriya kA nigraha hotA hai| yadi isa samaya vastrAdi kA paribhoga kara liyA jAya, to indriyanigraha na hokara indriya-anugraha ho jAyegA jo asaMyama hai| abhiprAya yaha ki parISahapIr3A kI sthiti meM pIr3AnivAraka viSaya kA paribhoga na karane se hI indriyanigraharUpa saMyama phalita hotA hai| AcArAMga meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki tIna vastroM meM se kramazaH eka-eka kA tyAga karate hue jaba antima vastra kA bhI tyAga kara diyA jAtA hai aura sAdhu acela ho jAtA hai, taba kAyakleza hone se tapa kI siddhi hotI hai|55 yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki yadi sAdhu vastradhAraNa nahIM karegA to agni jalAkara zItAdiparISahajanya pIr3A ko dUra karane kA prayatna karegA, jisase jIvahiMsA 55.ka- "aduvA saMtaruttare, aduvA omacele, aduvA egasADe, aduvA acele, lAghaviyaM AgamamANe tave se abhisamannAgae bhvi|" aacaaraaNg/1/7/4/209-210| kha- "vastraparityAgaM kurvataH sAdhostapo'bhisamanvAgataM bhavati, kAyaklezasya tpobhedtvaat|" zIlAMkAcArya-vRtti / AcArAMga 1/7/4/210 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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214 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra03 hone para mahAn asaMyama hogaa| yuktisaMgata isalie nahIM hai ki ThaMDa kI pIr3A miTAne ke lie agni ke tApa kA bhI upabhoga indriyaviSaya kA upabhoga hai, jo indriyanigraha ke viruddha hai, asaMyama hai| ataH saMyama kI siddhi ke lie agni ke tApa kA sevana bhI niSiddha hai| phalasvarUpa saMyamI sAdhu vastroM ke abhAva meM agni ke tApa kA bhI upabhoga nahIM kara sakatA, jisase acelAvasthA meM jIvahiMsArUpa asaMyama kI AzaMkA ke lie sthAna nahIM hai| yadi karatA hai, to munidharma kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana karane se muni hI nahIM rhtaa| agni-tApopabhoga-rUpa asaMyama se bacane ke lie vastrAdiupabhogarUpa asaMyama kI anumati to mokSamArga meM saMbhava hI nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM hI karmabandha ke kAraNa haiN| aura jaise agnitApasevana ke lie prajvalita kI gaI agni hiMsA kA kAraNa hai, vaise hI vastradhAraNa bhI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' meM kahA gayA hai "vastrAdi-parigraha meM nAnA prakAra ke sammUrcchana jIva utpanna ho jAte haiN| bAhara se bhI Akara lUM, cIMTI, khaTamala bagairaha basa jAte haiN|" (bha.A./gA.' celaadiiyaa'1152)| ___ "vastrAdi-parigraha ke grahaNa karane, rakhane, saMskAra karane, bAhara le jAne, bandhana kholane, phAr3ane, jhAr3ane, chedane, bA~dhane, DhA~kane, sukhAne, dhone, malane Adi se jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai|" (bha.A./gA. 'AdANe Nikkheve' tathA 'chednnbNdhnn'|1153-54)| "yadi vastrAdi-parigraha se jantuoM ko alaga kiyA jAya, taba bhI ve hI doSa lagate haiM, kyoMki una jantuoM ko dUra karane para unakA yonisthAna (utpattisthAna) chUTa jAtA hai aura isase unakA maraNa ho jAtA hai|" (bha.A./ gA. 'jadi vi' 1155) / zvetAmbarIya grantha piNDaniyukti meM bhI vastroM ke upayoga ko hiMsA kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki cIvara dhone meM jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, ataH varSAkAla ke pahale hI dho lenA caahie| varSAkAla ke pahale na dhone para bhI aneka doSa hote haiN| unameM maila jamA ho jAtA hai aura varSAkAla meM jaba zItala kaNoM kA sparza hotA hai, taba maila ke gIle hone se usameM 'panaka' nAma ke vanaspati pracurarUpa se utpanna ho jAte haiM, jinakA ghAta hone se hiMsA hotI hai| (malayagirivRtti/piNDaniyukti / gA. 23,25) / Age kahA gayA hai ki pahanane, or3hane aura bichAne ke vastroM meM SaTpadikAe~ (J) utpanna ho jAtI haiN| unheM yatna se dUsare vastra meM saMkramita karane ke bAda hI vastra dhone caahie| (vahI / gaa.28)| vastroM ko pachAr3akara yA kUTakara nahIM dhonA caahie| dhokara agni ke tApa meM nahIM sukhAnA cAhiye, anyathA agni meM jala kI bUMde girane For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03 / pra03 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 215 para agnikAya jIvoM kI virAdhanA hotI hai| vastroM ko zodhakara dhonA caahie| zodhana karane ke bAda bhI vastroM meM kucha SaTpadikAe~ raha jAtI haiM, jinakA dhote samaya mardana ho jAtA hai| phira bhI yadi jIvita baca jAtI haiM, to sUrya ke tApa se mara jAtI haiN| ataH unakI rakSA ke lie vastroM ko chAyA meM sukhAnA caahie| chAyA yA dhUpa meM sUkhane ke lie DAle gaye vastroM ko nirantara dekhate rahanA cAhiye, tAki cora na le jaaeN| vastra dhone meM itanI sAvadhAnI baratane ke bAda bhI vAyukAyikAdi jIvoM kI virAdhanArUpa athavA ghu-ghAtarUpa asaMyama bhI hotA hI hai| usakI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta kiyA jAtA hai| (vahI / gA. 34) / ___ isa taraha zvetAmbarIya granthoM se bhI siddha hai ki vastra asaMyama ke kAraNa haiN| unake pahanane-or3hane, dhone-sukhAne se trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai aura corI kA bhI bhaya rahatA hai. ataH ahiMsA aura aparigraha mahAvratoM kA ghAtaka hone se vastraparibhoga saMyama kA sAdhana nahIM, apitu asaMyama kA sAdhana hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM pAtra ko saMyama kA sAdhaka kahA gayA hai, vastra ko nhiiN| vastra ko kevala lajjA kA rakSaka batalAyA gayA hai| yathA jaMpi vatthaM va pAyaM vA kaMbalaM paaypuNchnnN| taMpi saMjamalajjaTThA dhAraMti pariharaMti a|| 6/19 // . isakI vyAkhyA karate hue haribhadra sUri kahate haiM-"saMyama ke lie pAtrAdi grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, kyoMki unake binA saMyama kA pAlana saMbhava nahIM hai| aura lajjA kI rakSA ke lie vastra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki usake binA striyoM kI upasthiti meM viziSTa zrutapariNati Adi se rahita sAdhu meM nirlajjatA kI utpatti ho sakatI hai|"56 nirlajjatA' kI utpatti kA artha hai striyoM ko dekhakara kAmavikAra utpanna hone para liMgotthAna ho jaanaa| aura lajjA kA artha hai vastra dvArA use chipaanaa| isa prakAra dazavaikAlika ke anusAra vastra saMyama ke upakArI nahIM hai| kintu haribhadrasUri ne lajjA ko hI saMyama ghoSita karake vastra ko bhI saMyama kA sAdhaka siddha kara diyA,8 jo yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| vastra kAmavikAra ko chipAtA hai, rokatA nhiiN| kAmavikAra ko chipAkara vaha sAdhu ko nirlajjatA se nirbhaya banA detA hai, jisase sAdhu ko niHzaMka 56. "saMyamalajArthamiti' saMyamArthaM pAtrAdi, tadvyatirekeNa puruSamAtreNa gRhasthabhAjane sati saMyama paalnaabhaavaat| lajjArthaM vastraM, tadvyatirekeNAGganAdau viziSTazrutapariNatyAdirahitasya nirlajja topptteH|" hAribhadrIyavRtti / dazavaikAlikasUtra 6/19 / 57. hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA.2575-79 / 58. "athavA saMyama eva lajjA tadarthaM sarvametad vastrAdi dhaarynti|" hAri.vRtti / daza.vai.sU./6/ 19 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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216 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra03 hokara mAnasika kAmasevana kA avasara mila jAtA hai| isalie vaha saMyama kA sAdhaka na hokara asaMyama kI utpatti meM sahAyaka hotA hai| bhaTTa akalaMka deva ne kahA hai ki jo kAmavikArajanya aMgavikRti ko chipAne ke lie kaupIna, phalaka yA cIvara dhAraNa karate haiM, unake kevala aMga kA saMvaraNa hotA hai, karmoM kA nhiiN|59 arthAt vastradhAraNa mAnasika kAmavikAra ke nirodha meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa tajjanya azubha karma ke saMvara meM samartha nahIM hai| ataH vastradhAraNa saMyama kA sAdhaka nahIM hai, apitu vighAtaka hai| jo muni hote hue kAmavikAra se grasta ho jAte haiM, unheM vastragrahaNa kara use chipAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, apitu muni pada tyAgane kI AvazyakatA hai| tathA jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki zItAdiparISaha se pIr3ita sAdhu samitiyoM kA pAlana nahIM kara sakatA, vaha bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki zItAdiparISaha sahana karanA sAdhu kA dharma hai, aura usameM abhyasta sAdhu samitiyoM kA pAlana samyagrUpeNa kara sakatA hai| yaha pUrva meM darzAyA jA cukA hai ki hInasaMhananavAlA sAdhu bhI parISahasahana karane meM samartha hotA hai| phira bhI yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki vartamAna meM uttama saMhanana na hone se parISahajaya saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH vastraparibhoma anivArya hai, to yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki dehasukha ke lie vastrarUpa indriyaviSaya kA paribhoga asaMyama hai, ataH usase karmabandha bhI anivArya hai| pariNAmataH vastraparigraha mokSa kA mArga nahIM hai, apitu saMsAra kA hI mArga hai| isalie jo parISaha sahane meM asamartha haiM, unheM zrAvakadharma kA pAlana karate hue uttamasaMhanana pAne kI pratIkSA karanI caahie| ___ isa taraha siddha hai ki vastra saMyama ke sAdhaka nahIM haiM, apitu upaghAtaka haiM, ataH yaha kathana mithyA siddha ho jAtA hai ki saMyamasAdhaka hone se vastradhAraNa parigraha nahIM hai| bhikSApAtra bhI saMyama ke lie Avazyaka nahIM hai, kyoMki suracita pANipAtra meM bhI thor3A-thor3A dugdhAdi tarala padArtha grahaNa karate hue yatnAcAra pUrvaka sevana karane se dugdhAdi kI bUMdeM bhUmi para nahIM gira paatiiN| thor3I bahuta giratI bhI haiM, to muni ke AhAra-sthAna meM zrAvaka ke dvArA nIce rakhe gaye vastra se DhaMke hue caur3e mu~havAle vartana meM giratI haiM, jisase bhUmigata sUkSma jIvoM ke ghAta kA avakAza nahIM hotaa| tathA suracita pANipAtra meM dugdhAdi drava padArtha parimita mAtrA meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jisase usake sravita hone kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI, aura usakA acchI taraha nirIkSaNa karanA saMbhava hotA hai, isa taraha jIvaghAta ke lie sthAna nahIM rhtaa| tathA rugNa sAdhuoM ko AhAradAna karane hetu anya muni zrAvakoM ko saMketa kara dete haiM, jisase ve svayaM muni kI vasatikA meM AhAra lekara upasthita ho jAte haiM aura muni ko unake hI 59. "itare punarmanovikriyAM niroddhamasamastitpUrvikAGgavikRtiM nigUhitakAmAH kaupInaphalakacI varAdyAvaraNamAtiSThante aGgasaMvaraNArthameva tanna krmsNvrnnkaarnnm|" tattvArtharAjavArtika /9/9 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 3 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 217 pANipAtra meM AhAradAna karate haiN| ataH isa prayojana se bhI muniyoM ko pAtra rakhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| phira bhI yadi pAtra rakhA jAtA hai, to usakA prayojana yatnAcAra ke kaSTa se bacanA hI hotA hai, ataH vaha dehasukha kA sAdhana hai, saMyama kA nahIM / 2 saMyamadhyAnAdi kI siddhi parISahajaya se vastraparibhoga ke samarthana meM yaha tarka diyA gayA hai ki zItAdiparISaha utpanna hone para usase ArttadhyAna kA nivAraNa hotA hai, jisase agniprajvalana kI AvazyakatA na rahane se ahiMsA - saMyama kA pAlana hotA hai tathA dhyAna aura adhyayana kI sAdhanA nirvighna sampanna hotI hai / 6deg jaise kSudhAdipIr3ita zarIra saMyama kA sAdhaka nahIM hotA, vaise hI zIta, Atapa daMzamazaka Adi se pIr3ita zarIra bhI saMyama kA sAdhaka nahIM hai / ataH jaise kSudhAdi kI pIr3A kA nivAraNa karane ke lie AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaise hI zItAdi kI pIr3A kA nirodha karane ke lie vastragrahaNa Avazyaka hai / 61 yaha tarka atyanta anarthakara hai| isase strIsevana aura anaMgakrIr3A kA bhI aucitya siddha hotA hai / yadi zItAdi- pIr3ita zarIra saMyama, dhyAna, adhyayana Adi meM bAdhaka hai, ata eva vastra ke upayoga se zItAdi kI pIr3A kA nivAraNa Avazyaka hai, to kAma se pIr3ita zarIra bhI saMyama, dhyAna, adhyayana Adi meM bAdhaka hotA hai aura thor3A nahIM, sarvAdhika bAdhaka hotA hai, ataH kAmapIr3A ke nivAraNa ke lie bhI strIsevana yA anaMgakrIDA kI AvazyakatA siddha hotI hai| aura strIdarzana se sAdhu ke kAmavikAragrasta ho jAne kI saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI hI gayI hai, jise chipAne ke lie vastragrahaNa pradhAnatayA Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai / vastra dvArA kAmavikAra ko chipAne se vaha zAnta nahIM 60. "sautrikaurNikakalpaistAvat zItArtAnAM trANaM sAdhUnAmArtadhyAnApaharaNaM kriyate / --- kalpAH prAvRtAH santo nirvighnaM svAdhyAyadhyAnasAdhanaM kurvanti zItArtyapaharaNAditi / " hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2575-79 / 61. ka--"yathA taveSTasaMyamahetuzarIrasya sthitihetave azanAdikaM gRhyate tarhi tAdRkzarIraparipAlananimittena vastrAdinA kimaparAddham ? tasmAdyathA kSudhAdipIDitaM zarIraM na saMyamahetu - stathA zItAtapadaMzamaza - kAdipIDitamapIti bodhyam / " pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti / 1/2/29 / pR. 91 / kha-"vastraiH zItoSNakAlAdiSu zItAtapadaMzamazakairyA pIDA tayA rahitasya saddhyAnaM dharmazuklalakSaNaM syAd / vastrAbhAve ca kSudhAdyanAkulasyApi durdhyAnam agnitRNAdisevAbhiprAyeNa durdhyAnaM, tatsevane cAsaMyamaH syAt / " pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti 1/2 /30 / pR. 91 / For Personal & Private Use Only w

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218 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra03 ho sktaa| aura sAdhu jaba taka kAmAta hai, taba taka usake mana kA dhyAna-adhyayana meM laganA asaMbhava hai| zItAdi kI pIr3A to RtuvizeSa meM hI hotI hai, kAmapIr3A to kabhI bhI ho sakatI hai| ataH kAmapIr3A se pIr3ita hone ke avasara pracura haiN| phalasvarUpa kAmapIr3A se hI dhyAna-adhyayana meM vighna ke sarvAdhika avasaroM ke upasthita hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| taba kyA dhyAna-adhyayana ko saMbhava banAne ke lie kAmapIr3AnivAraNa hetu strIsevana yA anaMgakrIDA karanA ucita hai? yadi nahIM, to kAmapIr3A ke nivAraNa kA anya kyA upAya hai? dharma kA thor3A bhI jJAna rakhanevAlA vyakti kAmavijaya ke atirikta aura kaunasA upAya batalA sakatA hai? Agama meM yahI upAya batalAyA gayA hai| mumukSu ko sarvaprathama samyagdarzana aura vairAgyapUrvaka zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA kramazaH avalambana karate hue kAmaparISaha ko sahane kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| abhyAsa ho jAne para hI daigambarI dIkSA grahaNa karanA ucita hai, anyathA nhiiN| daigambarI dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda yadi kabhI kAmaparISaha hotA hai, to usake doSoM kA cintana karate hue usa para vijaya prApta karanI caahie| yahI brahmacarya-mahAvratarUpa saMyama kA pAlana hai| isI prakAra AhAra meM antarAya Adi ho jAne para jo kSudhAtRSAparISaha kI pIr3A hotI hai tathA zItAdiRtu meM zIta, daMzamazaka Adi parISahoM kA kleza hotA hai, use bhI dhairyapUrvaka sahana kara parISahajaya karanA Avazyaka hai| parISahajaya hI saMyama hai| vahI dhyAna hai, kyoMki parISahajaya meM zItAdi aniSTa vastu se dveSa na rahane ke kAraNa samabhAva kI sRSTi hotI hai, jo dhyAna kA svarUpa hai| ataH vahI nirjarA kA upAya hai| parISahapIr3A ko dhairyapUrvaka sahana na kara azana-vastrAdi ke upabhoga dvArA zAnta kara lene se viSayabhogarUpa asaMyama kI utpatti hotI hai, jo karmabandha kA kAraNa hai| tathA parISahajaya kA abhyAsa ho jAne para dhyAna-adhyayana bhI nirvighna sampanna hote haiN| isake viparIta jisakA dhyAna-adhyayana vastrAdiparadravya ke upabhoga para Azrita hai, usakA adhikAMza samaya vastrAdi kI vyavasthA meM hI laga jAtA hai, jisase svAdhyAya, dhyAna ke lie avasara hI nahIM rhtaa| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' meM kahA gayA hai ki "parigraha ke grahaNa, rakSaNa aura sAra-samhAla meM sadA lage rahane vAle puruSa kA mana usI meM vyAkula rahatA hai, taba svAdhyAya chUTa jAne se zubhadhyAna kaise ho sakatA hai?" 62 parigrahajanya AkulatAoM ko spaSTa karate hue TIkAkAra aparAjita sUri likhate haiM-"iSTa parigraha ko khojane meM kaSTa hotA hai| vaha mila bhI jAya, to usake svAmI 62. gaMthassa gahaNa-rakkhaNa-sAravaNANi NiyadaM kremaanno| vikkhittamaNo jjhANaM uvedi kaha mukksjjhaao|| 1158 // bhgvtii-aaraadhnaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 3 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 219 ko DhU~r3hane meM kaSTa hotA hai / svAmI mila jAya, to usase yAcanA karanI par3atI hai / yAcanA karane para mila jAya, to santoSa hotA hai, na mile to mana meM dInatA kA bhAva AtA hai| milane para usako lAnA, usakA saMskAra karanA, usakI rakSA karanA, ityAdi kAryoM ke kaSTa uThAne par3ate haiM / isa taraha parigraha aneka AkulatAoM kA ghara hai / parigraha kA tyAgakara nirgrantha bana jAne para ye AkulatAe~ nahIM rhtiiN| phalasvarUpa sAdhu ke dhyAna aura svAdhyAya nirvighna calate haiN| isa taraha samasta tapoM meM dhyAna aura svAdhyAya pramukha haiM aura parigraha kA tyAga unakA upAya hai|" 63 'piNDaniryukti' meM kahA gayA hai qi vastroM ko dhokara chAyA meM sUkhane ke lie DAlanA cAhie aura isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie kI cora curAkara na le jAya~ / aba batAiye, jisakA mana vastroM ko coroM se bacAne kI cintA meM lagA huA ho, vaha dhyAna meM ekAgra kaise ho sakatA hai? niSkarSa yaha ki dhyAna aura adhyayana bhI vastrAdi kI parAdhInatA se mukta hone para hI saMbhava haiN| aura vastrAdi kI adhInatA se mukti parISahajaya ke abhyAsa se saMbhava hai| tathA jaba sAdhu kAma jaise durnivAra parISaha ko sahana karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai, taba zItAdiparISahoM kI pIr3A to usake sAmane bahuta tuccha hai / kAmajI ke lie zItAdijaya bAyeM hAtha kA khela hai| jo parISahajaya meM samartha nahIM hai, vaha dhyAna meM bhI samartha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vastrAdi dhAraNa karate hue bhI koI anya vedanA upasthita ho jAne para usake mana kA turanta dhyAna se vicalita ho jAnA avazyaMbhAvI hai| yaha pahale hI batalA diyA gayA hai ki hIna saMhananoM ke hone para bhI AThaveM guNasthAna ke nIce dharmadhyAna saMbhava hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki hInasaMhananavAlA bhI parISahajaya kara sakatA hai| isa taraha siddha hai ki saMyama, dhyAna, svAdhyAya Adi kI siddhi parISahajaya se hI saMbhava hai, vastrAdi ke paribhoga dvArA parISahapIr3A kA nivAraNa karane se nahIM / 3 vastrAdigrahaNa iSTarAga- aniSTadveSa kA phala manuSya vastrAdi-paradravya kA grahaNa tabhI karatA hai, jaba use zItAdiparISahoM se dveSa aura unakA nivAraNa karanevAle vastrAdipadArthoM se rAga hotA hai / ataH vastrAdi kA 63. hindI anuvAda - vijayodayATIkA / bha.A./ gA. 'saMgaparimaggaNAdI' 1167 / 64. " apUrvaguNasthAnAdadhastaneSu guNasthAneSu dharmadhyAnaM taccAdimatrikottamasaMhananAbhAve'pyantimatrikasaMhananenApi bhavati / " brahmadevavRtti / bRhaddravyasaMgraha / gA. 57 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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220 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 3 / pra0 3 grahaNa rAgadveSa kA phala hai / aura jahA~ iSTa se rAga aura aniSTa se dveSa hai, vahA~ samabhAvarUpa dhyAna kI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai? jJAnArNavakAra kahate haiM 24 / 13 // sAmyameva paraM dhyAnaM praNItaM vizvadarzibhiH / tasyaiva vyaktaye nUnaM manye'yaM zAstravistaraH // anuvAda - " sarvajJa ne sAmya ko hI paramadhyAna kahA hai| AcAroM kA varNana hai, unakA uddezya sAmya ko hI abhivyakta karanA hai / " zAstroM meM jo anya AcArya kundakunda ne iSTAniSTa padArthoM meM samabhAva rakhanevAle ko hI zuddhopayogI arthAt vItarAgadharmadhyAnI yA zukladhyAnI kahA hai- "samaNo samasuhadukkho bhaNido suddhovaogotti / " (pra.sA./1/14) / yogI sadA samabhAva ko hI prApta karane kI bhAvanA karatA hai / yathA duHkhe sukhe vairiNi bandhuvarge yoge viyoge nirAkRtAzeSamamatvabuddheH samaM mano me'stu abhiprAya yaha ki jahA~ zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka Adi aniSTa padArthoM se dveSa nahIM hotA (aniSTaviyoga kI icchA nahIM hotI) aura vastrAdi iSTa padArthoM se rAga nahIM hotA (iSTasaMyoga kI icchA nahIM hotI) vahA~ hI samabhAvarUpa dhyAna kI siddhi hotI hai / jahA~ zItAdiparISahoM se dveSa hotA hai (aniSTaviyoga kI icchA hotI hai) aura unheM dUra karanevAle vastrAdi padArthoM se rAga hotA hai ( iSTasaMyoga kI icchA hotI hai) vahA~ samabhAva na hone se dhyAna kI siddhi asaMbhava hai| 4 bhavane vane vA / sadApi nAtha // 3 // bhAvanAdvAtriMzatikA / vastrapAtrAdiparigraha mUrcchA kA phala cU~ki vastrapAtrAdi kathaJcit bhI saMyama ke sAdhana nahIM haiM, ve parISahapIr3A-nivAraNa yA dehasukha ke lie hI grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, ataH parISahapIr3A nivAraNa yA dehasukha kI icchA mUrcchA hai aura vastrapAtrAdi kA grahaNa mUrcchA kA phala / ataH donoM hI parigraha haiM / kintu deha aura AhAra ekAntataH dehasukha ke sAdhana nahIM haiM, saMyama ke bhI sAdhana haiN| deha saMyama kA sAkSAt sAdhana hai aura AhAra dehadhAraNa yA prANadhAraNa kA sAdhana hone se saMyama kA paramparayA sAdhana hai| cU~ki deha indriyasukha kA bhI AdhAra hai aura AhAra kSudhAtRSAparISahajanya pIr3A ke nivAraNa dvArA dehasukha kA bhI sAdhana hai, ataH jaba ina prayojanoM se deha ko kAyama rakhane kI aura AhAra grahaNa karane kI icchA kI jAtI hai, taba vaha icchA mUrcchA hotI hai aura deha kA saMga tathA AhAra kA grahaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra03 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 221 mUrchA ke phl| kintu jaba deha aura AhAra kI icchA saMyama kI sAdhanA ke lie kI jAtI hai, taba na to vaha icchA mUrchA hotI hai, na deha kA saMga aura AhAragrahaNa mUrchA ke phl| yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki AhAra prANadhAraNa karane kA sAdhana hai, kintu vastrapAtrAdi prANadhAraNa ke sAdhana nahIM haiN| isalie donoM meM sAmya na hone se AhAragrahaNa ke aucitya se vastrapAtrAdigrahaNa kA aucitya nahIM ThaharAyA jA sktaa| yadi AhAra prANadhAraNa kA sAdhana na hotA, to mAtra kSudhAtRSAjanya pIr3A ke nivAraNa arthAt dehasukha kA sAdhana hone se vaha bhI varjanIya hotA, kyoMki mokSasukha ke lie dehasukha kA tyAga aura kAyakleza kA aMgIkAra anivArya batalAyA gayA hai| kAmavikAra-nigUhana ke lie bhI vastra kI icchA karanA mUrchA hai, kyoMki yaha icchA bhI nAgnyaparISahajaya aura strIparISahajaya kI akSamatA se utpanna hotI hai| tathA liMgavikRtijanya jugupsA ke nivAraNa ke lie vastra kI icchA anAvazyaka hai, kyoMki aisA puruSa daigambarI dIkSA kA pAtra hI nahIM hai| ___yadi koI puruSa ina parISahoM ko sahane meM samartha nahIM hai, to vaha karmoM kI nirjarA kA bhI adhikArI nahIM hai, kyoMki Agama meM nirjarA ke lie parISaha-sahana anivArya batalAyA gayA hai-'mArgAcyavananirjarArthaM pariSoDhavyAH priisshaaH'(t.suu./9/8)| parISahajaya meM asamartha puruSa ko zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA avalambana kara parISahajaya kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| parISahajaya kA sAmarthya arjita ho jAne para hI daigambarIdIkSA grahaNa karanI caahie| yadi yaha bhI saMbhava na ho, to sAmAnya-zrAvakadharma ke abhyAsa dvArA paramparayA parISahajaya-yogya zakti ke vikAsa kI sAdhanA karanI cAhie, kintu daigambarIdIkSA grahaNa karane kI anadhikRta ceSTA kadApi karaNIya nahIM hai| parISaha-pIr3AnivAraka vastuoM kA upabhoga mUrchA kA lakSaNa dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki vastrapAtrAdi rakhanA parigraha nahIM hai, apitu unameM mUrchA honA parigraha hai| kintu unameM mUrchA hai yA nahIM isakI kasauTI kyA hai? mUrchA yadi bAhya pravRtti meM abhivyakta na hotI ho, to mUrchAtyAgarUpa aparigraha ke aNuvrata aura mahAvratarUpa bheda karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi kA bAhya vastuoM ke saMgraha se sambandha na mAnA jAya, to mUrchA ke eka-dezatyAga aura pUrNatyAga ke bheda kA nirdhAraNa kisa AdhAra para hogA? yaha nirNaya kaise hogA ki amuka vyakti ne mUrchA ke ekadezatyAga kA vrata grahaNa kiyA hai aura amuka ne pUrNatyAga kA vrt| yadi bAhyaparigraha ke tyAga kI isameM bilakula bhI apekSA na ho, to aparimita dhanadhAnya kA arjana, saMrakSaNa aura saMskAra karate hue For Personal & Private Use Only

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222 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra03 bhI koI kaha sakatA hai ki maiM mUrchA kA pUrNa tyAgI huuN| aura raMcamAtra bhI para dravya kA arjana-rakSaNa Adi na karane vAle digambarajaina muni ke bhI viSaya meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha mUrchA kA kiMcit bhI tyAgI nahIM hai| mUrchA ke ekadezatyAga aura pUrNatyAga kA koI bAhya lakSaNa nirdhArita hue binA aparigrahANuvrata aura aparigrahamahAvrata kA upadeza bhI nahIM diyA jA sktaa| aNuvratoM aura mahAvratoM kA upadeza bAhya dravya ke AdhAra para hI diyA gayA hai| jaise trasa jIvoM kI saMkalpI hiMsA mAtra ke tyAga ko ahiMsANuvrata kahA gayA hai, aura trasa tathA sthAvara jIvoM kI saMkalpI, AraMbhI, udyogI aura virodhI, cAroM prakAra kI hiMsA ke tyAga ko ahiMsA mahAvrata nAma diyA gayA hai| lokaprasiddha asatya vacana ke tyAga ko satyANuvrata aura loka tathA zAstra, ubhayaprasiddha asatyavacana ke tyAga ko satyamahAvrata kahA gayA hai| dhana kI paribhASA meM AnevAlI dasare kI vasta ko binA diye lene kA tyAga acauryANuvrata hai aura dhana kI paribhASA meM na AnevAlI vastu ke bhI adattAdAna kA tyAga acauryamahAvrata batalAyA gayA hai| parastrI ke tyAga ko 'brahmacaryANuvrata' saMjJA dI gaI hai aura svastrI-parastrI donoM ke tyAga ko 'brahmacarya mahAvrata' sNjnyaa| isI prakAra kSetra, vAstu , hiraNya, suvarNa, dhana, dhAnya, dAsa-dAsI, kupya, bhANDa Adi vastuoM ke ekadezatyAga yA parimita karane ko aparigrahANuvrata kahA gayA hai aura sampUrNa tyAga ko aprigrhmhaavrt| tattvArthasUtra ke digambaramAnya aura zvetAmbaramAnya donoM pAThoM meM kSetra, vAstu Adi uparyukta vastuoM ke pramANa ke ullaMghana ko aparigraha-aNuvrata kA aticAra batalAyA gayA hai|65 isase spaSTa hai ki Agama meM kSetrAdibAhya vastuoM ke ekadezatyAga ko vyavahAranaya se mUrchA kA ekadezatyAga mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki kSetrAdi bAhya vastuoM ke ekadezatyAga se tatsambandhI arjana, rakSaNa aura saMskArarUpa mUrchA kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| pUjyapAda svAmI ne 'mUrchA parigrahaH' (ta.sU./7/17) isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue bAhya vastuoM ke arjana, saMrakSaNa Adi pravRttiyoM ko mUrchA kahA hai|66 isase yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ukta kSetrAdi bAhya padArthoM kA sarvathA tyAga, vyavahAranaya se mUrchA kA sarvathA tyAga mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki unake sarvathA tyAga se tadviSayaka arjana, rakSaNa aura saMskArarUpa mUrchA kA pUrNataH abhAva ho jAtA hai| kintu bAhya padArthoM kA tyAga nizcayanaya se mUrchA kA tyAga nahIM hai, kyoMki bAhya padArthoM kA tyAga kara dene para bhI unakI icchA vidyamAna raha sakatI hai| isalie Agama meM icchAviramaNa ko aparigraha kahA gayA hai, jisase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki icchA 65. "kssetrvaastuhirnnysuvrnndhndhaanydaasiidaaskupyprmaannaatikrmaaH|" tattvArthasUtra/vi.sa./7/29 / 66. "kA mUrchA? bAhyAnAM gomahiSamaNimuktAphalAdInAM cetanAcetanAnAmAbhyantarANAM ca rAgAdInA mupadhInAM sNrkssnnaarjnsNskaaraadilkssnnaavyaapRtirmuurchaa|" sarvArthasiddhi/7/17 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 3 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 223 kA tyAga mUrcchA kA tyAga hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanAkAra ne aparimita icchA se virata hone ko aparigraha - aNuvrata kahA hai| 67 isase siddha hotA hai ki parimita icchA bhI virata honA arthAt icchA kA pUrNatyAga aparigrahamahAvrata hai| ina lakSaNoM se mUrcchA ke ekadezatyAga aura pUrNatyAga kA artha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| arthAt mUrcchA aura icchA paryAyavAcI haiN| kasAyapAhuDa 68 aura samavAyAMgasuta 69 ( zvetAmbara - Agama) meM bhI ina donoM ko ekArthaka kahA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne bhI 'apariggaho aNiccho' (sa.sA./210) isa ukti dvArA mUrcchA, icchA aura parigraha ko samAnArthI nirUpita kiyA hai, jise vyAkhyAkAra amRtacandrasUri ne 'icchA parigrahaH' (A.khyA/ sa.sA. 210) kahakara spaSTa kiyA hai| cU~ki mUrcchA, icchA aura parigraha paryAyavAcI haiM, isalie icchA kA ekadezatyAga mUrcchA yA parigraha kA ekadezatyAga hai aura icchA kA sarvathA tyAga mUrcchA yA parigraha kA sarvathA tyAga hai| icchA kA ekadeza tyAga hone para bAhya vastuoM kA ekadeza tyAga svataH phalita hotA hai aura icchA kA sarvathA tyAga hone para kSetrAdi bAhya vastuoM kA aura jo parISahapIr3A se bacane ke lie Avazyaka hote haiM, una samasta padArthoM kA apaneApa tyAga honA anivArya hai / ataH yadyapi bAhya vastuoM kA tyAga mUrcchA ke abhAva kA anivArya lakSaNa nahIM hai, tathApi unakA atyAga yA grahaNa mUrcchA ke sadbhAva kA anivArya lakSaNa avazya hai| aba yaha vicAraNIya hai ki gRhatyAgI muni ke pAsa kina padArthoM ke sadbhAva se mUrcchA kA sadbhAva sUcita hotA hai? isakI kasauTI eka hI hai, aura vaha hai parISahapIr3A - nivAraka vastuoM kA sadbhAva / parISahapIr3A nivAraka vastuoM kA nirdhAraNa karane para jJAta hotA hai ki zarIra parISahapIr3A nivAraka vastuoM meM zAmila nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha to parISahapIr3A kA AdhAra hai / parISahapIr3A usake hI mAdhyama se hotI hai| AhAra aura auSadhi bhI una vastuoM meM se nahIM haiM, kyoMki ye prANadhAraNa ke bhI sAdhana haiM, ataH jaba muni inheM parISahapIr3A - nivAraNa ke lie grahaNa na kara prANadhAraNa ke lie grahaNa karatA hai, taba ye parISahapIr3A nivAraka nahIM hote / picchI aura kamaNDalu spaSTataH parISahapIr3A - nivAraka nahIM hai, apitu saMyama aura zuddhi ke sAdhana haiN| inake atirikta jitanI bhI vastrapAtrAdi vastue~ haiM ve zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka Adi parISahoM kI pIr3A se bacane ke sAdhana haiM, prANadhAraNa ke nhiiN| isalie muni ke pAsa inakA sadbhAva hone para mUrcchA kA sadbhAva sUcita hotA hai| kisI muni ke dvArA ina padArthoM 67. pANavadha-musAvAdAdattAdANa-paradAragamaNehiM / aparimidicchAdo vi a aNuvvayAiM viramaNAI // 2074 // bhagavatI ArAdhanA / 68. "icchA mucchA ya giddhI y|" kasAyapAhuDa / mAthA 89 / 69. "lobhe icchA mucchaa|" samavAyAMga / samavAya 52 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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224 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra03 kA upabhoga kiye jAne se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki vaha AhAra-oSadhi kA bhI sevana prANadhAraNa ke sAtha-sAtha parISahapIr3A-nivAraNa ke lie karatA hai| ataH usake lie AhAra-oSadhi bhI parISahapIr3A-nivAraka arthAt dehasukha-sAdhaka ho jAte haiM, isalie deha meM usakI mUrchA siddha hone se deha bhI usake lie parigraha bana jAtI hai| sAra yaha ki jo muni parISahapIr3A-nivAraka vastrAdi padArthoM kA sevana karate haiM, unakA vastrAdi meM mUrchA kA bhAva niyama se sUcita hotA hai, bhale hI inakA sevana na karanevAloM meM mUrchA kA abhAva niyama se sUcita na ho| isa taraha hama isa nirNaya para pahu~cate haiM ki dazavaikAlikasUtra kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki "sAdhu saMyama aura lajjA ke lie jo vastra, pAtra, kambala, pAdaprauMchana Adi rakhatA hai vaha parigraha nahIM hai, apitu unameM mUrchA honA parigraha haiN|" isa kathana ke yuktisaMgata na hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye saba vastue~ parISahapIr3AnivAraka haiM, ataH inakA pAsa meM rakhA jAnA niyama se mUrchA ke sadbhAva kA sUcaka hai, ye mUrchA ke phala haiN| jaba inakA grahaNa hI mUrchA kA phala hai, taba inake hone para mUrchA na ho, yaha asaMbhava hai| ataH vastrapAtrAdi kA rakhanA-mAtra parigraha hai| 6 vastrapAtrAdi kA saMga mUrchA kA hetu yataH vastrapAtrAdi kA parigraha mUrchA kA phala hai, ataH mUrchA kA janaka hai| vastrapAtrAdiparigraha se usake arjana, saMskaraNa aura saMrakSaNa kI cintA utpanna hotI hai| yaha mUrchA kA lakSaNa hai| yaha to zvetAmbarIya grantha piNDaniyukti meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki vastroM ko dhokara sukhAte samaya yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki unheM cora curAkara na le jaayN| aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA bhI kathana hai ki vastrAdi kI corI kA bhaya hone se saMrakSaNAnubandhI raudradhyAna hotA hai, yadyapi vahA~ use mokSasAdhanabhUta-vastrAdi nimittaka mAnakara prazasta mAna liyA gayA hai| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke TIkAkAra aparAjita sUri ne bhI kahA hai-"parigraha chaha prakAra ke jIvoM kI pIr3A kA mUla tathA mUrchA kA nimitta hai, isalie samasta parigraha kA tyAga pA~cavA~ aparigraha mahAvrata hai|"71 aura AcArya kundakunda pravacanasAra meM vijJApita karate haiM70. "yadyevam , tarhi tathA tenAgamaprasiddhena yatanAprakAreNehApi vastrAdau saMrakSaNAnubandhavidhAnaM kathaM na prshstm|' hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti / vizeSAvazyakabhASya / gA. 2570-71 / 71. "parigrahaH SaDjIvanikAyapIDAyA mUlaM mUrchAnimittaM ceti sakalagranthatyAgo bhavati iti paJcamaM vrtm|" vijayodayATIkA / bhagavatI-ArAdhanA / gA. 'Acelakku' 423 / pR.331 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 3 zvetAmbara sAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 225 ki tamhi Natthi mucchA AraMbho vA asaMjamo tassa / paradavvammi rado kadhamappANaM pasAdhayadi // 3/21 // tadha anuvAda - " bAhyaparigraha ke rahane para muni mUrcchA, AraMbha aura asaMyama se kaise baca sakatA hai? aura jo paradravya meM Asakta hai usake lie AtmA kI sAdhanA kaise saMbhava hai?" ataH yaha mAnakara calanA ki vastrapAtrAdi saMyama ke sAdhana haiM aura saMyama ke sAdhanoM meM mUrcchA nahIM hotI, isalie ve grantha nahIM haiM, amanovaijJAnika aura aprAmANika hai| boTika zivabhUti ke kathAnaka meM batalAyA gayA hai ki sAdhudIkSA lene ke bAda use rAjA ne eka ratnakambala bheMTa kiyA thA / usameM use mUrcchA (rAga) ho gaI thii| isalie guru ne use phAr3akara pAdaprauJchana banA diye the / yaha eka manovaijJAnika tathya hai ki paradravya kA saMga mUrcchA kI utpatti kA nimitta banatA hai| isI kAraNa to muniyoM ke lie striyoM ke sAtha ekAnta meM rahanA varjita kiyA gayA hai / ataH paradravya kA saMga jitanA kama hogA, mUrcchatpatti ke avasara utane hI kama rheNge| isIlie parISahoM ko sahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, tAki parISahajanita kaSToM se bacane ke lie paradravya kI icchA utpanna na ho aura usakA parigraha na karanA pdd'e| 7 vastrapAtrAdisaMga bhaya - kaSAyAdi kA hetu isameM sandeha nahIM ki vastrapAtrAdi ke saMga se unameM rAga utpanna hotA hai, coroM se bhaya paidA hotA hai aura unakI rakSA ke lie saMrakSaNAnubandhI raudradhyAna kI utpatti hotI hai| isalie mana:sthiti ke AkulatAmaya bane rahane se svAdhyAya aura dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hote| isa taraha vastrapAtrAdi saMyama meM sAdhaka na hokara bAdhaka hI hote haiM / vastrAdi ke bhaya - kaSAyAdi ke hetu hone kI bAta AryakRSNa aura jinabhadragaNI bhI svIkAra karate haiN| phira bhI unhoMne vastrAdi ke saMga ko aparigraha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| ve 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' meM kahate haiM- " bhayakaSAya Adi to zarIra ke nimitta se bhI utpanna hote haiM, kintu vaha mokSasAdhaka hotA hai, ataH bhayakaSAyAdi kA hetu hote hue bhI parigraha nahIM hai| isI prakAraM vastrapAtrAdi bhI mokSasAdhaka hote haiM, isalie bhayAdi ke hetu hone para bhI ve parigraha nahIM haiN| "72 72. guruNA'bhihio jai jaM kasAyaheU pariggaho so te / to so deho cciya te kasAyauppattiheu tti // 2558 // zeSa agale pRSTha para... For Personal & Private Use Only

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226 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 3 / pra0 3 kintu yaha tarka samIcIna nahIM hai| kyoMki, prathama to zarIra sabhI ke lie bhayakaSAya Adi kA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| jinheM usameM mUrcchA hotI hai, unhIM ke lie hotA hai / mUrcchArahita muni na to zarIra se rAga karatA hai, na siMhAdi hiMsrapazuoM se bhayabhIta hotA hai, na hI use zarIra ke saMrakSaNa kI cintA hotI hai| kintu vastrAdi to mUrcchA kehI kAraNa haiM, ataH unameM sabhI ko mUrcchA hotI hai| phalasvarUpa ve sabhI ke lie bhayakaSAyAdi ke hetu haiN| dUsare, zarIra zarIranAmakarma aura Ayukarma ke udaya ke kAraNa janma se hI AtmA ke sAtha saMzliSTa hotA hai, kintu vastrapAtrAdi janma se AtmA ke sAtha saMzliSTa nahIM hote| isalie AtmA na to mUrcchA ke kAraNa zarIra ko grahaNa karatA hai, na hI mUrcchA kA abhAva hone para use tyAgane meM samartha hotA hai, jabaki vastrapAtrAdi kA grahaNa mUrcchA ke hI kAraNa karatA hai, aura mUrcchA kA abhAva hone para unakA parityAga kara detA hai| tIsare, jo vastrapAtrAdi kaSAya, bhaya aura raudradhyAna ke hetu hone se saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM, unheM mokSa kA sAdhana kahanA svavirodhI kathana hai / niSkarSataH vastrapAtrAdi saMyama ke sAdhaka na hokara bAdhaka hI haiM, ataH unakA grahaNa parigraha hI hai, aparigraha nahIM / 8 vastraparibhoga nirjarAvirodhI tattvArthasUtra meM, jo zvetAmbaroM ko bhI mAnya hai, kahA gayA hai ki saMvara ke mArga se cyuta na hone ke lie aura karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie parISahoM ko samabhAva se sahanA cAhie--"mArgAcyavananirjarArthaM pariSoDhavyAH parISahAH " (9/8) / aura AcArAMga kA kathana hai ki nagna rahane para hI bhikSu parISahoM ko bhalIbhA~ti sahana karatA hai aura karmoM ke bhAra se mukta ho jAtA hai| (1/7/7/221) / isase spaSTa hai ki vastradhAraNa aha te na mokkhasAhaNamaIe gaMtho vatthAi mokkhasAhaNamaIe suddhaM jai bhayaheU gaMtho to nANAINa bhayamii tAiM gaMtho dehassa ya aha mokkhasAhaNamaIe na bhayaheU vi vatthAi mokkhasAhaNamaIe suddhaM sArakkhaNANubaMdho roddajjhANaM ti te maI tullamiyaM dehAisu pasatthamiha taM je jattiyA pagArA loe bhayaheavo te ceva ya virayANaM pasatthabhAvANa kahaM kasAyaheU vi / kahaM gaMtho ? // 2561 // taduvaghAIhiM / sAvayAIhiM // 2568 // tANi te gaMtho / gaMtho ? // 2569 // hujjA / tahehAvi // 2570 // avirayANaM / mokkhAya // 2571 // vizeSAvazyakabhASya / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03 / pra03 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 227 karane se muni parISahasahana kA avasara kho detA hai, phalasvarUpa saMvara ke mArga se cyuta ho jAtA hai aura karmoM kI nirjarA nahIM kara paataa| isa taraha vastraparibhoga nirjarAvirodhI hai aura nirjarAvirodhI honA saMyamavirodhI hone kA pramANa hai| bAraha tapoM meM kAyakleza ko bAhya tapa batalAyA gayA hai, jo nirjarA kA kAraNa hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI likhate haiM-"ThaMDa, garamI yA vividha AsanAdi dvArA zarIra ko kaSTa denA kAyakleza kahalAtA hai|" (ta.sU./ vi.s./9/19-20)| ThaMDa, garamI ke dvArA zarIra ko kaSTa denA nirvastra rahane para hI saMbhava hai, jaisA ki AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai| vastradhAraNa karane se kAyakleza nAmaka tapa asaMbhava ho jAtA hai, jisase sAdhaka nirjarA se vaMcita ho jAtA hai| isa taraha bhI vastraparibhoga nirjarAvirodhI ata eva saMyamavirodhI hai| ___ dazadharmoM meM saMyamadharma kA upadeza hai| usakA pAlana pA~ca indriyoM ke nigraha se hotA hai| sparzana indriya kA nigraha taba hotA hai, jaba zItAdijanya pIr3A ho rahI ho aura vastrAdi kA paribhoga na kara use dhairyapUrvaka sahA jaay| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki vastratyAga se vipula indriyanigraha hotA hai|73 vastraparibhoga karane se sparzana indriya kA nigraha nahIM ho pAtA, pratyuta usake viSaya kA sevana ho jAtA hai, jisase karmoM kA saMvara na hokara Asrava-bandha hotA hai| isa rIti se bhI vastraparibhoga saMyamavirodhI hai| mokSabAdhaka hone se hI tIrthaMkaroM dvArA vastratyAga boTikakathA meM AryakRSNa ke dvArA vastrapAtrAdi ko saMyama kA upakArI (sAdhaka) siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ zivabhUti kI ora se prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki yadi vastrapAtrAdi saMyama ke upakArI haiM, to tIrthaMkaroM ne unheM grahaNa kyoM nahIM kiyA? isake uttara meM guru AryakRSNa kahate haiM "tIrthaMkara anupama dhRti aura anupama saMhanana ke dhArI, chadmAvasthA meM catursAnI, atizayasattvasampanna, acchidrapANi aura jitasamastaparISaha hote haiM, ataH vastrapAtrarahita hone para bhI unheM saMyamavirAdhanAdi doSa nahIM lgte| phalasvarUpa unake lie vastrapAtrAdi saMyama ke sAdhaka nahIM hai| isa kAraNa ve vastrapAtrAdi grahaNa nahIM krte|" (vize.bhA./ gaa.2581-83)| 73. "paMcahi ThANehi acelae pasatthe bhvi| taM jahA-appApaDilehA, lAghavie pasatthe, rUve vesAsie, tave aNuNNAe , viule iNdiy-nigghe|" sthAnAMgasUtra / 5/3/347 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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228 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra03 para, vicAraNIya prazna yaha nahIM hai ki tIrthaMkara vastra kyoM grahaNa nahIM karate? vastra to ve bAlyakAla se grahaNa kiye hI rahate haiN| vicAraNIya prazna to yaha hai ki ve pravrajyA ke samaya vastroM kA tyAga kyoM karate haiM? vastrapAtrAdi ke abhAva meM unheM saMyamavirAdhanAdi doSa nahIM lagate yaha ThIka hai, para vastrapAtrAdi ke sadbhAva meM kyA bAdhA utpanna hotI hai, jisase ve vastra tyAga kara dete haiM? yadyapi zvetAmbarazAstroM meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kA zarIra vastroM ke samAna hI unake prabhAmaNDala se AcchAdita ho jAtA hai tathA unheM zItAdiparISahoM kI pIr3A nahIM hotI, isalie anAvazyaka hone ke kAraNa ve vastradhAraNa nahIM krte| kintu prazna yaha hai ki jaba ve bAlyakAla se lekara pravrajyA ke pUrva taka vastradhAraNa karate haiM aura unheM logoM ko yaha upadeza denA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai ki mokSamArga savastra hI hai, jisake lie unheM devendropanIta devadUSya bAyeM kandhe para DAlanA par3atA hai, taba ve apane pUrvagRhIta svAbhAvika vastroM kA parityAga kyoM karate haiM? unake dvArA to savastra mokSamArga kA upadeza aura bhI svAbhAvika evaM prabhAvazAlI bana sakatA hai| isa prazna kA samAdhAna na to jinabhadragaNI jI ne kiyA hai, na kisI zvetAmbara-grantha meM upalabdha huA hai| tIrthaMkara to uparyukta guNoM se yukta hote haiM, cAra jJAnoM ke dhArI hote haiM, unakA koI kArya ayuktisaMgata yA niSprayojana nahIM ho sktaa| isalie yahI siddha hotA hai ki vastrapAtrAdi-parigraha saMyama yA mokSa meM bAdhaka hai, isIlie tIrthaMkara usakA tyAga karate haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne suttapAhuDa meM bhI kahA hai Na vi sijjhai vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jai vi hoi titthyro| Naggo vimokkhamaggo sesA ummaggayA svve|| 23 // anuvAda-"jinazAsana meM kahA gayA hai ki vastradhArI puruSa siddhi (mokSa) ko prApta nahIM hotA, bhale hI vaha tIrthaMkara ho| nagnatva hI mokSa kA mArga hai, zeSa saba saMsAra ke mArga haiN|" vastragrahaNa mokSa meM bAdhaka kyoM hai? usakA uttara AcArAMga meM diyA gayA hai| usameM batalAyA gayA hai ki vastrAdi ke parigraha se apadhyAna hotA hai, parISahajaya saMbhava nahIM hotA aura tapa kA abhyAsa asambhava ho jAtA hai| tathA sthAnAMgasUtra meM vastratyAga 74. "jinendrA api gRhasthAvasthAyAM bAlabhAve tadatikrame ca yathocitaM vastrAlaGkAravibhUSitA eva bhavanti, pravrajyApratipattyavasare tu devendropanItadevadUSyavastraM savastrapAtro dharmo mayA prajJApanIya iti vAmaskandhopari dhrnti|--- kiM ca jinendrANAM guhyapradezo vastreNeva zubhaprabhAmaNDalenAcchAdito na carmacakSuSAM dRggocriibhvti|--- te hi bhagavanto --- svaprabhAmaNDalAcchAditadehA:--- jitprisshaa---|" pravacanaparIkSA/vRtti / 1/2/31 / pR.92-93|| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra03 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 229 ke pA~ca lAbha batalAye gaye haiM-1. pratilekhanA alpa hotI hai, 2.lAghava prazasta hotA hai, 3. sAdhu vizvasanIya banatA hai, 4. tapa anujJAta (jinAnumata) hotA hai aura 5.vipula indriyanigraha hotA hai| vastutaH ina kAraNoM se tIrthaMkara vastra tyAga karate haiN| (dekhiye, prathama prakaraNa kA zIrSaka 7) / 10 sAdhAraNa puruSoM ke lie bhI vastrapAtrAdi mokSa meM bAdhaka __ karmasiddhAnta pakSapAtarahita zvetAmbarazAstroM meM yaha vyavasthA batalAyI gayI hai ki mokSayogya kAla meM jo prathamasaMhananadhArI puruSa hote haiM, ve acela jinakalpa dhAraNa karane ke yogya hote haiM aura jo durbala saMhananadhArI hone se parISaha sahane meM asamartha haiM athavA jinheM nagna rahane meM lajjA AtI hai athavA puruSAMga ke vikRta hone se lokanindA kA bhaya hotA hai, unameM kevala sthavirakalpa ke grahaNa kI yogyatA hotI hai| donoM kalpa mokSa ke sAdhaka haiM, tathApi mokSa ke ayogya, kintu vratadhAraNa ke yogya kAla meM kevala sacela sthavirakalpa hI dhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usa samaya sabhI puruSa hInasaMhananadhArI hote haiN| isa vyavasthA kA ullekha nimnalikhita uddharaNoM meM draSTavya hai __ "jinakalpikasya tAvajjaghanyato navamasya pUrvasya tRtIyamAcAravastu, utkarSatastvasampUrNAni dazapUrvANi zrutaM bhvti| prathamasaMhanano vajrakuDyasamAnAvaSTambhazcAyaM bhvti| svarUpeNa paJcadazasvapi karmabhUmiSu, saMhRtastvakarmabhUmiSvapi bhvti| utsarpiNyAM vratasthastRtIyacaturthArakayoreva, janmamAtreNa tu dvitIyArake'pi, avasarpiNyAM tu janmanA tRtIyacaturthArakayoreva, vratasthastu paJcamArake'pi, saMharaNena tu sarvasminnapi kAle praapyte|" (abhi.rA.ko./ bhA.4/pR. 2389) / ___ "kSetradvAre janmataH, sadbhAvatazca sthavirakalpikAH paJcadazasvapi karmabhUmiSu bharatairAvatavidehapaJcakalakSaNAsu bhvnti| saMharaNataH paJcadazAnAM karmabhUmInA, triMzatAmakarmabhUmInAmanyatarasyAM bhUmau bhveyuH| addhAkAlaH tamaGgIkRtyAvasarpiNyAM janmataH, sadbhAvatazca triSu tRtIyacaturthapaJcamArakeSu bhveyuH| --- utsarpiNyAM janmatastriSu dvitIyatRtIyacaturtheSu ArakeSu sadbhAvatastu dvyostRtiiy-cturthaarkyorbhvnti|" (abhi.rA.ko./ bhA. 4/ pR. 2391) / ___ "manaHparyAyajJAnaM, paramAvadhi --- jinakalpaH --- ete padArthAH jambUsvAmini vyucchinnAH jambUsvAminaM yAvat pravRttAH --- / asti ca --- sthavirakalpaH, kIdRzaH? tIrthapravRttihetuH, sarveSvapi tIrtheSu acchinnapravRttihetavaH sthavirakalpikA eva sAdhavo For Personal & Private Use Only

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230 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03 /pra03 bhavanti, teSAmeva dharmopadeza-pravrajyAdAnAdAvadhikAraH, na punarjinakalpikA api, teSAM dhrmopdeshdaanaadaavndhikaaraat|" (prava.parI./ vRtti / 1/2/15/ pR.79-80)| "tribhiH kAraNairvastraM dharet iti sUtre'pi vihitaM pratipAditaM yato yasmAt , tenaiva prakAreNa tadvastraM niratizayatvena tathAvidhadhRtisaMhananAdirahitena sAdhunAvazyaM dhrnniiymiti| kutaH? ityAha-yato yasmAd niratizayatvena jinakalpAyogyAnAM sAdhUnAM hrIkutsA-parISahalakSaNaM vastradharaNakAraNaM pUrvAbhihitasvarUpamavazyameva sambhavati, tato dharaNIyameva vstrm|" (hema. vRtti / vize.bhA./ gA. 2602-3) / ina zAstravacanoM se zvetAmbaraparamparA kI nimnalikhita mAnyatAe~ sAmane AtI haiM-1. sthavirakalpa kI pravRtti jinakalpa ke sAtha mokSayogya kAla meM bhI hotI hai, kyoMki usa kAla meM bhI aneka puruSa jinakalpa ke yogya nahIM hote arthAt unameM prathamasaMhanana aura navapUrvaveditva kA abhAva hotA hai| 2.mokSayogyakAla meM sthavirakalpika sAdhu prathamasaMhanana aura navapUrvaveditva ke abhAva meM bhI mukta ho jAte haiN| ukta zAstravAkyoM se zvetAmbaroM kI yaha mAnyatA bhI prakaTa hotI hai ki prathamasaMhananadhArI sAdhuoM ko vastrapAtrAdiparigraha tyAgane aura parISahapIr3A sahane para mokSa hotA hai tathA hInasaMhananadhArI muniyoM ko vastrapAtrAdi-parigraha kA upabhoga karane aura parISahapIr3A se bacakara dehasukha bhogane para mukti milatI hai| ye mAnyatAe~ tattvArthasUtra meM pratipAdita siddhAntoM ke pratikUla haiN| usameM to prathamasaMhananadhArI ke atirikta anyasaMhananadhArI ko mokSa ke yogya hI nahIM mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki usameM mokSa ke lie zukladhyAna aura zukladhyAna ke lie prathamasaMhanana evaM pUrvavittva anivArya batalAye gaye haiM-"Adye zukle dhyAne pRthaktvavitarkaikatvavitarke pUrvavido bhvtH|" (tattvArthAdhigamabhASya /9/39) / ye donoM yogyatAe~ sthavirakalpikoM meM nahIM hotiiN| isake atirikta tattvArthasUtra meM prathamasaMhanana aura anya saMhanana ke AdhAra para alaga-alaga mokSamArgoM kA pratipAdana nahIM hai| jaise usameM yaha upadeza nahIM hai ki prathamasaMhananavAloM ko karmoM kA saMvara aura nirjarA karane ke lie parISahoM ko sahanA cAhie tathA anya saMhananavAloM ko isI kArya kI siddhi ke lie parISahoM se bacanA caahie| usameM to sabhI ke lie "mArgAcyavananirjarArthaM pariSoDhavyAH parISahAH" (9/8), yaha eka hI upadeza hai| arthAt cAhe koI prathamasaMhananadhArI ho yA anyasaMhananadhArI saMvara aura nirjarA ke lie use parISaha sahanA anivArya hai| __parISahoM se bacane kI icchA dehasukha kI icchA hai (dekhiye, isI prakaraNa kA zIrSaka 1) aura icchA rAga hai| zvetAmbaragrantha prazamarati-prakaraNa meM bhI icchA ko rAga kA paryAyavacana kahA gayA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra03 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 231 icchA mUrchA kAmaH sneho gAyaM mmtvmbhinndH| abhilASa ityanekAni raagpryaayvcnaani|| 18 // yadi hInasaMhananavAle kA dehasukharAga saMvara aura nirjarA kA kAraNa hai, to rAga niyamataH Asrava-bandha kA heta hai, yaha siddha nahIM hotA aura arAga kI jagaha rAga saMvara-nirjarA kA kAraNa siddha ho jAtA hai| isase jinendradeva kA upadeza hI ulaTa jAtA hai| ve vItarAgatIrtha ke upadezaka na hokara rAgatIrtha ke upadezaka bana jAte haiN| isa visaMgati kA prasaMga Ane se siddha hai ki savastra sthavirakalpa se mokSa hone kI mAnyatA jinendradeva ke upadeza ke viruddha hai| AcArya kundakunda ne karmabandha kI praNAlI para prakAza DAlate hue samayasAra meM kahA hai jaha NAma kovi puriso Nehabhatto du rennubhulmmi| ThANammi ThAidUNa ya karei satthehi vaayaamN|| 237 // jo so duNehabhAvo tamhi Nare teNa tassa rybNdho| Nicchayado viNNeyaM Na kAyaceTTAhiM sesaahi|| 240 // evaM micchAdiTThI vaTTanto bahuvihAsa citttthaasu| rAyAi uvaoge kuvvaMto lippai ryenn|| 241 // anuvAda-"jaise koI puruSa zarIra meM tela lagAkara dhUlabhare sthAna meM mudgara Adi zastroM se vyAyAma karatA hai, to usake zarIra para jo dhUla cipaka jAtI hai, usakA kAraNa usake zarIra para tela se utpanna huA cikanApana hai, vaise hI bahuvidha pravRttiyoM meM lipta mithyAdRSTi jIva upayoga meM jo rAgAdi karatA hai, usake kAraNa usakI AtmA se karmarUpI dhUla saMzliSTa hotI hai|" zvetAmbarAcArya umAsvAti ne bhI prazamaratiprakaraNa meM kundakunda ke isI kathana ko nimnalikhita kArikA meM duharAyA hai snehAbhyaktazarIrasya reNunA zliSyate yathA gaatrm| rAgadveSaklinnasya karmabandho bhavatyevaM // 55 // isa prakAra rAga karmabandha kA kAraNa hai aura usakA abhAva mokSa kaa| yaha karmasiddhAnta (jIva ke sAtha karmoM ke bandha aura mokSa kI kAryakAraNavyavasthA) atyanta vaijJAnika hai| jaise bhautikavijJAna ke niyama nirapavAda hote haiM arthAt nirdhArita paristhitiyoM meM unakA pariNAma sabhI dezoM evaM sabhI kAloM meM eka jaisA hotA hai, vaise hI karmasiddhAnta bhI nirapavAda hai| usake pariNAma bhI niyata paristhitiyoM meM sadA aura sarvatra samAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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232 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/pra03 hote haiN| vaha kisI ke sAtha pakSapAta yA riyAyata nahIM krtaa| jIva ke bhAvoM aura karmapudgaloM ke Asrava-bandha tathA saMvara-nirjarArUpa pariNAmoM meM nimitta-naimittika sambandha hai| jisake bhI mana meM vastrapAtrAdi paradravyoM ko pAne kI icchA arthAt rAga utpanna hogA usake sAtha karmapudgaloM kA Akara saMzliSTa honA anivArya hai aura jisake mana se rAga visarjita ho jAyegA, usase pudgalakarmoM kA vizliSTa honA niyata hai| jar3a pudgalakarmoM meM yaha vicAra karane kI zakti nahIM hotI ki yaha jIva uttamasaMhananavAlA hai, isalie ise apane bandhana meM bA~dha lU~ , aura yaha jIva hInasaMhananavAlA hai, isalie ise mApha kara duuN| tattvArthasUtra meM uttamasaMhananavAloM aura hInasaMhananavAloM ke lie athavA tIrthaMkaroM aura sAdhAraNa puruSoM ke lie bandha aura mokSa kI alaga-alaga vyavasthAe~ nahIM haiN| usameM jIvamAtra ke lie eka hI vyavasthA hai| jaise mithyAdarzana-jJAna-cAritra ko sabhI jIvoM ke lie aikAntikarUpa se bandha kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai aura samyagdarzanajJAna-caritra ko nirapavAdarUpa se mokSa kaa| mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga sabhI jIvoM kI dRSTi se Asrava ke hetu kahe gaye haiM aura samyaktva, vrata, apramAda, akaSAya, samiti, gupti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya, cAritra aura tapa sabhI jIvoM kI apekSA saMvara aura nirjarA ke hetu| saMvara evaM nirjarA ke ina hetuoM meM kisI apavAda kA vidhAna nahIM hai| vastrapAtrAdi ke parigraha se sabhI ke pariNAma yAcanA, mUrchA, rAgadveSa, bhaya, saMrakSaNAnubandhI raudradhyAna tathA dehasukha kI lAlasA se vikRta ho jAte haiM tathA sabhI ko vaha parISahajaya evaM tapa meM asamartha banA detA hai| ataH uttamasaMhananadhArI aura hInasaMhananadhArI tathA tIrthaMkaraprakRti kA bandha karanevAle aura na karanevAle, donoM prakAra ke sAdhakoM ke lie mokSamArga eka hI prakAra kA hai| phalasvarUpa yadi vastrapAtrAdi kA parigraha tIrthaMkaroM evaM anya prathama saMhananadhAriyoM (jinakalpikoM) ke lie mokSa meM bAdhaka hai, to hInasaMhananadhAriyoM (sthavirakalpikoM) ke lie bhI usakA mokSa meM bAdhaka honA anivArya hai| laukika vaidya aura AdhyAtmika vaidya meM samAnatA nahIM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAdhAraNa puruSoM ke lie jinakalpa kA niSedha karane hetu vaidya kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jaise vaidya ke dvArA upadiSTa auSadhi ke sevana se hI rogI kA roga dUra hotA hai, vaidya kI vezabhUSA ke anukaraNa se nahIM, vaise hI tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza kA anusaraNa karane se hI sAdhAraNapuruSa karmaroga se mukta hote haiM, tIrthaMkaroM ke nagnaveza kA anukaraNa karane se nhiiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 3 / pra0 3 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 233 yahA~ laukika vaidya kA dRSTAnta AdhyAtmika vaidya se mela nahIM khAtA / laukika vaidya kI vezabhUSA kisI roga kI auSadhi nahIM hai, kintu tIrthaMkararUpa AdhyAtmika vaidya kA nagnaveza karmarUpa AdhyAtmika roga kI auSadhi hai / usa auSadhi se tIrthaMkaroM ne svayaM apanA karmaroga vinaSTa kiyA thA, ataH apanA roga vinaSTa karane ke bAda jaba AdhyAtmika vaidya bane, taba usI karmaroga se grasta anya jIvoM ko unhoMne usI nAgnyaliMgarUpa auSadhi ke sevana kA upadeza diyaa| isake alAvA ve aura koI auSadhi batalA hI nahIM sakate the, kyoMki usa roga kI aura koI auSadhi hai hI nahIM / isIlie tattvArthasUtra meM samyagdarzanajJAnacAritra ko hI mokSamArga kahA gayA hai tathA zItAdi parISahoM ke sAtha nAgnyaparISaha ke jaya kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| zivabhUti ko nAgnyaliMga grahaNa karane kA niSedha karate hue AryakRSNa kahate haiM ki jinakalpa tuma jaise rathyApuruSoM (sAdhAraNa AdamiyoM) ke lie nahIM haiM / 75 maiM isake sAtha yaha vAkya jor3anA cAhatA hU~ ki " isIlie mokSa bhI rathyApuruSoM ke lie nahIM hai / " 12 savastramukti saMbhava hone para nirvastratA kevala kleza kA kAraNa acela jinakalpa aura sacela sthavirakalpa ina paraspara viruddha do mokSamArgoM kI mAnyatA ko janma denevAle AcAryoM ne yaha vicAra nahIM kiyA ki isase jinendradeva kA upadeza kitanA ayuktiyukta ho jAyegA ! jaba vastradhAraNa karate hue bhI mokSa ho sakatA hai, taba nagna rahakara zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka Adi ke ghora kaSTa utpanna karanevAle jinakalpa kA upadeza denA kahA~ taka yuktiyukta kahA jA sakatA hai? nirarthaka kaSTa uThAne kA upadeza kyA tIrthaMkara jaise paramavivekazIla sarvajJa AtmA ke anurUpa kahA jA sakatA hai? yaha eka manovaijJAnika niyama hai ki manuSya kisI bhI kArya ko karane ke lie sadA aisA rAstA DhU~r3hatA hai, jisameM kama se kama kaSTa ho / jaba sarala mArga se kArya siddha ho sakatA hai, taba koI kaThina mArga kyoM apanAyegA? nirarthaka kaSTa uThAnevAlA manuSya vivekazIla nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kahAvata bhI haiarke cenmadhu vindeta kimarthaM parvataM vrajet / iSTAsyArthasya saMsiddhau ko vidvAn yatnamAcaret // anuvAda - " yadi mArga ke madAra (Aka) vRkSa meM hI madhu mila jAya, to koI 75. "na rathyApuruSakalpAnAM bhavAdRzAM jinakalpastIrthakarairanujJAta iti / " hema vRtti / vize. bhA. / gA. 2592 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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234 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a03/ pra03 parvata para kyoM jAyegA? icchita vastu yadi binA prayatna ke hI mila jAya, to prayatna karane kI mUrkhatA kauna samajhadAra AdamI karegA?" digambarAcArya pAtrakesarI ne kitanI yuktisaMgata bAta kahI hai jinavara ! na te mataM paTakavastrapAtragraho vimRzya sukhakAraNaM * svayamazaktakaiH klpitH| athAyamapi satpathastava bhaved vRthA nagnatA na hastasulabhe phale sati taruH smaaruhyte|| 41 // paatrkesriistotr| anuvAda-"he jinavara! vastradhAraNa karanA aura bhikSA ke lie pAtra grahaNa karanA, Apake mata meM mAnya nahIM hai| ye bAteM to azakta logoM ne sukha kA kAraNa samajhakara svayaM hI kalpita kara lI haiN| yadi vastrapAtra grahaNa karanA bhI Apake mata meM mokSamArga hotA, to nagnatA vyartha ho jAtI, kyoMki jaba phala ko hAtha se hI tor3anA sambhava ho, taba vRkSa para kauna car3hegA?" __zvetAmbaragrantha pravacanaparIkSA ke kartA upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI boTika zivabhUti dvArA strImukti kA niSedha kiye jAne kA kAraNa batalAte hue likhate haiM ki vaha jinakalpa ko hI ekamAtra mukti kA mArga mAnatA thA, ataH usane nagnatva svIkAra kara liyA, kintu apanI bahina uttarA ko nagna rahane se manA kara diyA, kyoMki striyoM kA nagna rahanA acchA nahIM lgtaa| usane striyoM ke vastrAvRta rahane ko hI ucita btlaayaa| aba yadi vaha savastra striyoM kI mukti kA pratipAdana karatA, to mukti kI dRSTi se savastra aura nirvastra meM koI bheda na rahatA, taba usakA svayaM kA nagna rahanA kevala kaSTa kA hI kAraNa siddha hotaa| ataH usane strImukti kA niSedha kara diyaa|"76 ___isa prakAra zvetAmbara manISiyoM ne bhI mAnA hai ki savastratA se mukti saMbhava hone para nirvastra rahanA mAtra eka arthahIna kaSTakAraka kArya hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaba vastradhArI sAdhAraNa strIpuruSa bhI mukta ho sakate haiM, taba tIrthaMkaroM evaM jinakalpikoM ke lie vastratyAga Avazyaka mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| yaha yuktisaMgata tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba vastradhAraNa karane se tIrthaMkaroM evaM jinakalpikoM kI mukti saMbhava na ho| aura isakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki tIrthaMkara aura jinakalpika sAdhAraNa puruSoM se itane gaye-bIte (hIna) nahIM haiM, ki jisamArga se sAdhAraNa strIpuruSoM kI mukti ho sakatI ho, usase tIrthaMkaroM aura jinakalpikoM kI mukti na ho| ataH isa bAta 76. pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti / pAtanikA /1/2/19/ pR.82 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a03/pra03 zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambaramata kI carcA / 235 meM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki vastradhAraNa karate hue yadi sAdhAraNa strIpuruSa mukta ho sakate haiM, to tIrthaMkara aura jinakalpika bhI ho sakate haiN| phira bhI tIrthaMkaroM ne savastramArga grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne vastrAdi kA parityAga kara nagnatva ko aMgIkAra kiyA aura muktyarthiyoM ko bhI acelamArga kA hI upadeza diyA, jaisA ki uttarAdhyayana aura paJcAzaka kI pUrvoddhRta gAthAoM se vidita hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki tIrthaMkara savastramukti saMbhava nahIM mAnate the, isake viparIta vastrapAtrAdiparigraha ko saMyama, dhyAna Adi meM bAdhaka hone se mokSa meM bAdhaka mAnate the| aura yaha bAta to sAdhAraNabuddhi meM bhI A sakatI hai ki jaba vastrapAtrAdi-parigraha tIrthaMkaroM ke lie mokSa meM bAdhaka ho sakatA hai, taba una jaisI yogyatA na rakhanevAle sAdhAraNa strIpuruSoM ke lie to aura bhI adhika bAdhaka hogaa| yadi vastrAdiparigraha mokSasAdhaka hotA, to tIrthaMkara use hI aMgIkAra karate, kyoMki zvetAmbarAcAryoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkaroM ko yaha upadeza bhI denA Avazyaka hotA hai ki mokSamArga savastra hI hai, nirvastra nahIM, jisake lie unheM eka devadUSya kandhe para rakhakara pravrajita honA par3atA hai| para tIrthaMkaroM ne vastrapAtrAdi grahaNa nahIM kiye, balki jo vastrAdi bAlyakAla se dhAraNa karate A rahe the, unakA parityAga kara diyA aura nagna ho gye| isase siddha hai ki sthavirakalpa (saceladharma) ke mokSamArga hone kA upadeza tIrthaMkaroM ne nahIM diyA, apitu vaha Age calakara kucha dehasukhAkAMkSI logoM ke dvArA kalpita kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha nirNaya AsAnI se ho jAtA hai ki vastrapAtrAdi-parigraha mokSa kA sAdhaka nahIM hai, apitu mokSa meM bAdhaka hai, ataH vaha grantha hI hai, agrantha nhiiN| ata eva zvetAmbarAcAryoM kA yaha kathana ayukta siddha ho jAtA hai ki 'vastrapAtrAdi saMyama aura lajjA ke sAdhana hone se parigraha nahIM hai, apitu unameM mUrchA honA parigraha hai athavA ve saMyama ke sAdhana haiM, ata eva grantha nahIM haiM, agrantha hI haiN|' isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya zayyaMbhava (452 I0 pU0) se lekara jinabhadragaNI-kSamAzramaNa (7vIM zatI I0) taka sabhI AcAryoM ne apane navIna mata ko puSTa karane ke lie digambarajaina-siddhAntoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki digambaramata unake samaya meM pracalita thA, ataH vaha una AcAryoM se pUrvavartI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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caturtha adhyAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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caturtha adhya jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA prathama prakaraNa vaidikasAhitya evaM saMskRtasAhitya meM digambarajaina muni digambarajainamata kI prAcInatA siddha karane ke lie aba maiM jainetarasAhitya se pramANa prastuta kara rahA huuN| ve aise pramANa haiM jo digambara - zvetAmbara paramparAoM ke granthoM kI bajAya donoM se bhinna vaidika aura bauddha paramparAoM ke granthoM tathA saMskRtasAhitya meM upalabdha haiN| isa kAraNa ve sarvathA taTastha haiM / unameM kisI prakAra ke pakSapAta aura kapaTa kI zaMkA ke lie sthAna nahIM hai| ukta granthoM tathA saMskRtasAhitya meM jainamata kI utpattiviSayaka ghaTanAe~ avazya sAmpradAyika vidveSavaza asatya aura ghRNotpAdaka rUpa se gar3hI gaI haiM, kintu jaina muniyoM kA jo rUpa unameM varNita hai vaha digambara aura zvetAmbara jainaparamparAoM ke anurUpa hai| yahA~ vaidikaparamparA ke granthoM ko vaidikasAhitya aura bauddhaparamparA ke granthoM ko bauddhasAhitya nAma se abhihita kiyA jA rahA hai| vaidikaparamparA kA vartamAna nAma hindUparamparA hai| hindUsampradAya vedoM kA anuyAyI hai, ataH usakA vAstavika nAma vaidikasampadrAya hI hai / 'hindU' zabda to prAcInakAla meM bhArata meM AnevAle IrAniyoM ke dvArA bhArata kI sindhu nadI ko 'hindU' uccarita kiye jAne ke kAraNa pracalita huA hai| (dekhiye, DaoN0 rAmadhArI siMha 'dinakara' - likhita 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya ' / prakaraNa 3/ pRSTha 78) / vaidikaparamparA ke purANasAhitya meM vedAnuyAyitva aura vedabAhyatva ke AdhAra para hI dhArmika sampradAyoM kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| purANoM meM jainoM, bauddhoM aura cArvAkoM ko vedabAhya aura avaidika kahA gayA hai tathA zeSa prAcIna bhAratIya samudAya ko vaidika / matsyapurANa (300 I0) ke 'jinadharmaM samAsthAya vedabAhyaM sa vedavit' (24 / 27) tathA 'vedabAhyAn parijJAya' (24 /48) ina vAkyoM meM jainadharma aura jainadharmAnuyAyiyoM ko 'vedabAhya' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| isI satya kA anusaraNa karate hue DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' (pR. 59) meM likhate haiM"rAma vaidika, bauddha tathA jainadharmoM meM samabhAva se maryAdA puruSa mAne gaye haiM / " isa taraha upAdhyAya jI ne hindUsampradAya ko vaidikasampradAya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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240 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 hai| paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne likhA hai-"vaidika darzanoM ke anuyAyI jaba chaha darzanoM kI carcA karate hai, taba ve chaha darzanoM meM kevala vaidika darzanoM (nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhyayoga aura pUrva evaM uttara mImAMsA) kA hI samAveza karate haiN| kintu, prastuta 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' meM vaidika-avaidika saba milAkara (darzanoM kI) chaha saMkhyA hai|" (ssdddrshnsmuccy| prstaa./pR.7)| tAtparya yaha ki nyAya, vaizeSika Adi chaha darzana bhI vaidikadarzana ke hI nAma se prasiddha haiN| ina pramANoM ke AdhAra para prastuta adhyAya meM veda, upaniSad Adi ke atirikta vedAnuyAyI dhArmikagrantha rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA purANa Adi ko vaidika-sAhitya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai tathA saMskRta meM likhita jisa sAhitya meM sAmpradAyika siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana kI pradhAnatA na hokara kAvyAtmakatA kI pradhAnatA hai, usa gadyapadya-nATyarUpa sAhitya evaM kalA-zilpa-viSayaka sAhitya ko saMskRtasAhitya meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM prakAra ke sAhityoM se eka hI zIrSaka ke antargata kAlakramAnusAra uddharaNa diye jA rahe haiN| vaidikasAhitya evaM saMskRtasAhitya meM Rgveda se lekara 11vIM zatAbdI I0 taka ke bIsa se adhika granthoM meM digambarajaina muniyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| eka purANa meM zvetAmbara muniyoM kI bhI carcA hai| jina graMthoM meM ye ullekha haiM, unake racanAkAla tathA jina aitihAsika yA paurANika mAnava-pAtroM ke sAtha unakA varNana kiyA gayA hai, unake kAla se digambara-jainamata kI prAcInatA kA nizcaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| digambaramata ke graMthoM meM batalAyA gayA hai ki digambarajaina muni yathAjAtarUpadhara (janma ke samaya jaisA rUpa hotA hai, vaise sarvAMganirvastra nagnarUpa ko dhAraNa karanevAle) hote haiM, unake hAtha meM mayUrapicchI hotI hai tathA jaba koI unakI vandanA karatA hai, taba ve use 'dharmavRddhi ho' yaha AzIrvAda dete haiN| isI prakAra zvetAmbarIya granthoM meM zvetAmbaramuni ko vastra, pAtra, mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa, kambala Adi aneka upakaraNoM kA dhArI tathA 'dharmalAbha' kA AzIrvAda denevAlA varNita kiyA gayA hai| vaidikasAhitya evaM saMskRtasAhitya meM digambara aura zvetAmbara muni isI rUpa meM citrita kiye gaye haiN| ina donoM sAhityoM ko mizrita kara unase kAlakramAnusAra udAharaNa nIce diye jA rahe haiM Rgveda meM vAtarazana muni, vRSabha, ziznadeva _vaidikasAhitya ke pramukha grantha Rgveda kI racanA kama se kama 1500 I0 pU0 meM mAnI gaI hai| usameM digambarajaina muniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isa para prakAza For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 241 DAlate hue DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI jaina bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna nAmaka grantha meM likhate haiM __ "bhAgavatapurANa ke pA~caveM skaMdha ke prathama chaha adhyAyoM meM RSabhadeva ke vaMza, jIvana va tapazcaraNa kA vRtAnta varNita hai, jo sabhI mukhya-mukhya bAtoM meM jaina purANoM se milatA hai| unake mAtA-pitA ke nAma nAbhi aura marudevI pAye jAte haiM, tathA unheM svayaMbhU manu kI pA~cavI pIr3hI meM isa krama se hue kahA gayA hai-svayaMbhUmanu , priyavrata, AgnIdhra, nAbhi aura Rssbh| unhoMne apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko rAjya dekara saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyaa| ve nagna rahane lage aura kevala zarIramAtra hI unake pAsa thaa| logoM dvArA tiraskAra kiye jAne, gAlI-galauca kiye jAne va mAre jAne para bhI ve mauna hI rahate the| apane kaThora tapazcaraNa dvArA unhoMne kaivalya kI prApti kI, tathA dakSiNa karnATaka taka nAnA pradezoM meM paribhramaNa kiyaa| ve kuTakAcala parvata ke vana meM unmatta kI nAIM nagnarUpa meM vicarane lge| bA~soM kI ragar3a se vana meM Aga laga gaI aura usI meM unhoMne apane ko bhasma kara ddaalaa| "bhAgavatapurANa meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki RSabhadeva ke isa caritra ko sunakara koMka, baika va kuTaka kA rAjA arhan kalayuga meM apanI icchA se usI dharma kA saMpravartana karegA, ityaadi| isa varNana se isameM koI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA ki bhAgavatapurANa kA tAtparya jaina purANoM ke RSabha tIrthaMkara se hI hai, aura arhan rAjA dvArA pravartita dharma kA abhiprAya jainadharma se| ataH yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki bhAgavatapurANa tathA vaidika paramparA ke anya prAcIna granthoM meM RSabhadeva ke saMbaMdha kI bAtoM kI kucha gaharAI se jA~ca-par3atAla kI jaay| bhAgavatapurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki___ "barhiSi tasminneva viSNudatta! bhagavAn paramarSibhiH prasAdito nAbheH priyacikIrSayA tadavarodhAyane merudevyAM dharmAn darzayitukAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAmRSINAmUrdhvamanthinAM zuklayA tnvaavttaar|" (bhaa.pu./5/3/20)| "he viSNudatta pArIkSita! yajJa meM parama RSiyoM dvArA prasanna kiye jAne para svayaM zrI bhagavAn (viSNu) mahArAja nAbhi kA priya karane ke liye unake ranivAsa meM mahArAnI merudevI ke garbha meM aae| unhoMne isa pavitra zarIra se (zuklayA tanvA) avatAra vAtarazana zramaNa RSiyoM ke dharmoM ko prakaTa karane kI icchA se grahaNa kiyaa|" "bhAgavatapurANa ke isa kathana meM do bAteM vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya haiM, kyoMki unakA bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke bhAratIya saMskRti meM sthAna tathA unakI prAcInatA aura sAhityika paraMparA se bar3A ghaniSTha aura mahattvapUrNa saMbaMdha hai| eka to yaha ki RSabhadeva kI mAnyatA aura pUjyatA ke saMbaMdha meM jaina aura hinduoM ke bIca koI matabheda nahIM 12120) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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242 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 hai| jaise ve jainiyoM ke Adi tIrthaMkara haiM, usI prakAra ve hinduoM ke lie sAkSAt bhagavAn viSNu ke avatAra haiN| unake IzvarAvatAra hone kI mAnyatA prAcInakAla meM itanI baddhamUla ho gayI thI ki zivamahApurANa meM bhI unheM ziva ke aTThAIsa yogAvatAroM meM ginAyA gayA hai (zivamahApurANa / 7 / 2/9) / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki prAcInatA meM yaha avatAra rAma aura kRSNa ke avatAroM se bhI pUrva kA mAnA gayA hai| isa avatAra kA jo hetu bhAgavatapurANa meM batalAyA gayA hai usase zramaNadharma kI paramparA bhAratIya sAhitya ke prAcInatama grantha Rgveda se niHsandeharUpa se jur3a jAtI hai| RSabhAvatAra kA hetu vAtarazana zramaNa RSiyoM ke dharma ko prakaTa karanA batalAyA gayA hai| bhAgavatapurANa meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki-'ayamavatAro rajasopapluta-kaivalyopazikSaNArthaH' (bhA.pu./5 / 6/12) / "arthAt bhagavAn kA yaha avatAra rajoguNa se bhare hue logoM ko kaivalya kI zikSA dene ke lie huaa| kintu ukta vAkya kA yaha artha bhI saMbhava hai ki yaha avatAra raja se upapluta arthAt rajodhAraNa (maladhAraNa) vRtti dvArA kaivalyaprApti kI zikSA dene ke lie huA thaa| jaina muniyoM ke AcAra meM asnAna, adantadhAvana, malaparISaha Adi dvArA rajodhAraNa saMyama kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA gayA hai| buddha ke samaya meM bhI rajojallika zramaNa vidyamAna the| buddha bhagavAn ne zramaNoM kI AcAra-praNAlI meM vyavasthA lAte hue eka bAra kahA thA "nAhaM bhikkhave saMghATikasya saMghATidhAraNamattena sAmanaM vadAmi, acelakassa acelakamattena rajojallikasya rajojallikamattena --- jaTilakassa jaTAdhAraNamattena sAmanaM vdaami|" (mjjhimnikaay/40)| "arthAt he bhikSuo! maiM saMghATika ke saMghATI-dhAraNamAtra se zrAmaNya nahIM kahatA, acelaka ke acelakatvamAtra se, rajojallika ke rajojallikatva-mAtra se aura jaTilaka ke jaTAdhAraNa-mAtra se bhI zrAmaNya nahIM khtaa| "aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki jina vAtarazana muniyoM ke dharmoM kI sthApanA karane tathA rajojallika vRtti dvArA kaivalya kI prApti sikhalAne ke liye bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA avatAra huA thA, ve kaba se bhAratIya sAhitya meM ullikhita pAye jAte haiN| isake liye jaba hama bhArata ke prAcInatama grantha vedoM ko dekhate haiM, to hameM vahA~ bhI vAtarazana muniyoM kA ullekha aneka sthaloM meM dikhAI detA hai| __"Rgveda kI vAtarazana muniyoM ke saMbaMdha kI RcAoM meM una muniyoM kI sAdhanAe~ dhyAna dene yogya haiN| eka sUkta kI kucha RcAe~ dekhiye For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 243 munayo vAtarazanAH pizaMgA vasate mlaa| vAtasyAnu dhAjiM yanti yaddevAso aviksst|| unmaditA mauneyena vAtA~ A tasthimA vym| zarIredasmAkaM yUyaM martAso abhi pshyth|| (Rgveda / 10/136/2-3) / "vidvAnoM ke nAnA prayatna hone para bhI abhI taka vedoM kA nissaMdeharUpa se artha baiThAnA saMbhava nahIM ho sakA hai| tathApi sAyaNabhASya kI sahAyatA se maiM ukta RcAoM kA artha isa prakAra karatA hU~-atIndriyArthadarzI vAtarazana muni mala dhAraNa karate haiM, jisase ve piMgala varNa dikhAI dete haiN| jaba ve vAyu kI gati ko prANopAsanA dvArA dhAraNa kara lete haiM, arthAt roka lete haiM, taba ve apanI tapa kI mahimA se dIpyamAna hokara devatAsvarUpa ko prApta ho jAte haiN| sarva laukika vyavahAra ko chor3akara hama maunavRtti se unmattavat (utkRSTa Anandasahita) vAyubhAva (azarIrI dhyAnavRtti) ko prApta hote haiM, aura tuma sAdhAraNa manuSya hamAre bAhya zarIramAtra ko dekha pAte ho, hamAre sacce AbhyaMtara svarUpa ko nahIM (aisA ve vAtarazana muni prakaTa karate haiN)| "Rgveda meM ukta RcAoM ke sAtha 'kezI' kI stuti kI gaI hai kezyagniM kezI viSaM kezI bibharti rodsii| kezI vizvaM svardUze kezIdaM jyotirucyte|| (10/136/1) / "kezI agni, jala tathA svarga aura pRthvI ko dhAraNa karatA hai| kezI samasta vizva ke tattvoM kA darzana karAtA hai| kezI hI prakAzamAna jyoti (kevalajJAnI) kahalAtA hai| "kezI kI yaha stuti ukta vAtarazana muniyoM ke varNana Adi meM kI gaI hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki kezI vAtarazana muniyoM ke varNana ke pradhAna the| "Rgveda ke ina kezI va vAtarazana muniyoM kI sAdhanAoM kI bhAgavatapurANa meM ullikhita vAtarazana zramaNa RSi, unake adhinAyaka RSabha aura unakI sAdhanAoM kI tulanA karane yogya hai| Rgveda ke vAtarazana muni aura bhAgavata ke 'vAtarazana zramaNa RSi' eka hI sampradAya ke vAcaka haiM, isameM to kisI ko kisI prakAra kA sandeha hone kA avakAza nahIM dikhAI detA hai| kezI kA artha kezadhArI hotA hai, jisakA artha sAyaNAcArya ne 'kezasthAnIya razmiyoM ko dhAraNa karanevAle' kiyA hai, aura usase sUrya kA artha nikAlA hai| kintu usakI koI sArthakatA va saMgati vAtarazana muniyoM ke sAtha nahIM baiThatI, jinakI sAdhanAoM kA usa sUkta meM varNana hai| kezI spaSTataH For Personal & Private Use Only

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244 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 vAtarazana muniyoM ke adhinAyaka hI ho sakate haiM, jinakI sAdhanA meM maladhAraNA, maunavRtti aura unmAda bhAva kA vizeSa ullekha hai| sUkta meM Age unheM hI 'munirdevasya devasya saukRtyAya sakhA hitaH' (R.ve. /10/136/4) arthAt devadevoM ke muni va upakArI aura hitakArI sakhA kahA hai| vAtarazana zabda meM aura malarUpI vasanadhAraNa karane meM unakI nAgnyavRtti kA bhI saMketa haiN| isakI bhAgavatapurANa meM RSabha ke varNana se tulanA kIjiye "urvaritazarIramAtraparigraha unmatta iva gaganaparidhAnaH prakIrNakeza AtmanyAropitAhavanIyo brahmAvartAt prvvraaj| jaDAndhamUkabadhirapizAconmAdakavadavadhUtaveSo'bhibhASyamANo'pi janAnAM gRhItamaunavratastUSNIM bbhuuv| --- parAgavalambamAnakuTilajaTilakapizakezabhUribhAro'vadhUtamalinanijazarIreNa grahagRhIta ivaadRshyt|" (bhA.pu./5 / 5/28,29-31/pR.211)| "arthAt RSabha bhagavAn ke zarIramAtra parigraha baca rahA thaa| ve unmatta ke samAna digambaravezadhArI, bikhare hue kezoM-sahita AhavanIya agni ko apane meM dhAraNa karake brahmAvarta deza se pravrajita hue| ve jar3a, andha, mUka, badhira, pizAconmAdayukta jaise avadhUtaveSa meM logoM ke bulAne para bhI maunavRtti dhAraNa kie hue cupa rahate the| --- saba ora laTakate hue apane kuTila, jaTila, kapiza kezoM ke bhArasahita avadhUta aura malina zarIrasahita ve aise dikhAI dete the, jaise mAnoM unheM bhUta lagA ho| "yathArthataH yadi Rgveda ke ukta kezIsaMbaMdhI sUkta ko, tathA bhAgavatapurANa meM varNita RSabhadeva ke caritra ko sanmukha rakhakara par3hA jAya, to purANa meM veda ke sUkta kA vistRta bhASya kiyA gayA sA pratIta hotA hai| vahI vAtarazana yA gaganaparidhAnavRtti keza-dhAraNa, kapiza varNa, maladhAraNa, mauna aura unmAdabhAva samAna rUpa se donoM meM varNita haiN| RSabha bhagavAn ke kuTila kezoM kI paramparA jaina mUrtikalA meM prAcInatama kAla se Aja taka akSuNNa pAI jAtI hai| yathArthataH samasta tIrthaMkaroM meM kevala RSabha kI hI mUrtiyoM ke sira para kuTila kezoM kA rUpa dikhalAyA jAtA hai, aura vahI unakA prAcIna vizeSa lakSaNa bhI mAnA jAtA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM mujhe kezariyAnAtha kA smaraNa AtA hai, jo RSabhanAtha kA hI nAmAntara hai| kesara, keza aura jaTA eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiM 'saTA jttaakesryoH'| (vizvalocanakoza / ttaansvrg/30)| siMha bhI apane kezoM ke kAraNa kesarI kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra kezI aura kesarI eka hI kezariyAnAtha yA RSabhanAtha ke vAcaka pratIta hote haiN| kezariyAnAtha para jo kezara ca kI vizeSa mAnyatA pracalita hai, vaha nAmasAmya ke kAraNa utpanna huI pratIta hotI hai| jaina purANoM meM bhI RSabha kI jaTAoM kA sadaiva ullekha kiyA gayA hai| padmapurANa For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 245 (3/288) meM varNana hai-'vAtoddhRtA jaTAstasya rejurAkulamUrtayaH' aura harivaMzapurANa (9/ 204) meM unheM kahA hai-'sprlmbjttaabhaar-bhraajissnnuH|' isa prakAra Rgveda ke kezI aura vAtarazana muni, tathA bhAgavatapurANa ke RSabha aura vAtarazana-zramaNa-RSi evaM kesariyAnAtha RSabha tIrthaMkara aura unakA nirgranthasampradAya eka hI siddha hote haiN| "kezI aura RSabha ke eka hI puruSavAcI hone ke ukta prakAra anumAna karane ke pazcAt haThAt merI dRSTi Rgveda kI eka aisI RcA para par3a gaI, jisameM vRSabha aura kezI kA sAtha-sAtha ullekha AyA hai| vaha RcA isa prakAra hai kakardave vRSabho yukta AsId avAvacIt sArathirasya keshii| dudheryuktasya dravrataH sahAnasa RcchantiSmA niSpado mudglaaniim|| (Rgveda / 10 /102/6) / "jisa sUkta meM yaha RcA AI hai usakI prastAvanA meM nirukta ke jo 'mudgalasya hRtA gAvaH' Adi zloka uddhRta kie gae haiM, unake anusAra mudgala RSi kI gauoM ko cora curA le gae the| unheM lauTAne ke lie RSi ne kezI vRSabha ko apanA sArathI banAyA, jisake vacana mAtra se ve gaue~ Age ko na bhAgakara pIche kI aura lauTa pdd'iiN| prastuta RcA kA bhASya karate hue sAyaNAcArya ne pahale to vRSabha aura kezI kA vAcyArtha pRthak batalAyA hai, kiMtu phira prakArAntara se unhoMne kahA hai - "athavA, asya sArathiH sahAyabhUtaH kezI prakRSTakezo vRSabhaH avAvacIt bhrazamazabdayat" ityaadi| "sAyaNa ke isI artha ko tathA nirukta ke ukta kathA-prasaMga ko bhAratIya dArzanika paramparAnusAra dhyAna meM rakhate hue prastuta gAthA kA mujhe yaha artha pratIta hotA hai "mudgala RSi ke sArathI (vidvAn netA) kezI vRSabha, jo zatruoM kA vinAza karane ke lie niyukta the, unakI vANI nikalI, jisake phalasvarUpa jo mudgala RSi kI gaue~ (indriyA~) jute hue durdhara ratha (zarIra) ke sAtha daur3a rahI thIM, ve nizcala hokara maudgalAnI (mudgala kI svAtmavRtti) kI aura lauTa pdd'ii| "tAtparya yaha ki mudgala RSi kI jo indriyA~ parAGmukhI thIM, ve unake yogayukta jJAnI netA kezI vRSabha ke dharmopadeza ko sunakara antarmukhI ho giiN| "isa prakAra kezI aura vRSabha yA RSabha ke ekatva kA svayaM Rgveda se hI pUrNataH samarthana ho jAtA hai| vidvAn isa ekIkaraNa para vicAra kreN| maiM pahale hI kaha cukA hU~ ki vedoM kA artha karane meM vidvAn abhI pUrNataH saphala nahIM ho sake haiN| vizeSataH vedoM kI jaisI bhAratIya saMskRti meM padapratiSThA hai, usakI dRSTi se to abhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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246 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 1 unake samajhane-samajhAne meM bahuta sudhAra kI AvazyakatA hai| mujhe AzA hai ki kezI, vRSabha yA RSabha tathA vAtarazana muniyoM ke vedAntargata samasta ullekhoM ke sUkSma adhyayana se isa viSaya ke rahasya kA pUrNataH udghATana ho skegaa| kyA Rgveda (4/58/3) ke 'tridhA baddho vRSabho roravIti mahAdevo martyAnAviveza' kA yaha artha nahIM ho sakatA ki tridhA (jJAna, darzana aura cAritra se) anubaddha vRSabha ne dharma - ghoSaNA kI aura ve eka mahAn deva ke rUpa meM mayoM meM praviSTa hue? isI saMbaMdha meM Rgveda ke ziznadevoM (nagna devoM) vAle ullekha bhI dhyAna dene yogya haiM (R0 ve0 / 7 / 21 / 5 / evaM 10 / 99 / 3) / isa prakAra Rgveda meM ullikhita vAtarazana muniyoM ke nirgrantha sAdhuoM tathA una muniyoM ke nAyaka kezI muni kA RSabhadeva ke sAtha ekIkaraNa ho jAne se jainadharma kI prAcIna paramparA para bar3A mahattvapUrNa prakAza par3atA hai| vedoM ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM ke bIca bahuta matabheda hai| kitane hI vidvAnoM ne unheM I0 san se 5000 varSa va usase bhI adhika pUrva racA gayA mAnA hai| kintu Adhunika pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAnoM kA bahumata yaha hai ki vedoM kI racanA usake vartamAnarUpa meM I0 pUrva san 1500 ke lagabhaga huI hogii| cAroM vedoM meM Rgveda sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| ata eva Rgveda kI RcAoM meM hI vAtarazana muniyoM tathA 'kezI RSabhadeva' kA ullekha hone se jainadharma ko apane prAcIna rUpa meM I0 pUrva san 1500 meM pracalita mAnanA anucita na hogA / 'kezI' nAma jainaparamparA meM pracalita rahA, isakA pramANa yaha hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya meM pArzva-sampradAya ke netA kA nAma kezIkumAra thA / ( uttarA . 13) / 44 'ukta vAtarazanA muniyoM kI jo mAnyatA va sAdhanAe~ vaidika RcA meM bhI ullikhita haiM, una para se hama isa paramparA ko vaidika paramparA se spaSTataH pRthak rUpa se samajha sakate haiN| vaidika RSi vaise tyAgI aura tapasvI nahIM the jaise ye vAtarazanA muni the / ve RSi svayaM gRhastha haiM, yajJasambandhI vidhividhAna meM AsthA rakhate haiM aura apanI ihalaukika icchAoM jaise putra, dhana, dhAnya Adi sampatti kI prApti ke lie indrAdi devI-devatAoM kA AhvAna karate-karAte haiM, tathA isake upalakSya meM yajamAnoM se dhanasampatti kA dAna svIkAra karate haiM / kintu isake viparIta vAtarazana muni ukta kriyAoM meM rata nahIM hote / samasta gRha- dvAra, strI-puruSa, dhana-dhAnya Adi parigraha, yahA~ taka ki vastra kA bhI parityAga kara, bhikSAvRtti se rahate haiN| zarIra kA snAnAdi saMskAra na kara maladhAraNa kiye rahate haiM / maunavRtti se rahate haiM, tathA anya devI-devatAoM ke ArAdhana se mukta AtmadhyAna meM hI apanA kalyANa samajhate haiN| spaSTataH yaha usa zramaNaparamparA kA prAcIna rUpa hai, jo Age calakara aneka avaidika sampradAyoM ke rUpa meM pragaTa huI aura jinameM se do arthAt jaina aura bauddha sampradAya Aja taka bhI vidyamAna haiN| prAcIna samasta bhAratIya sAhitya, vaidika, bauddha va jaina tathA zilAlekhoM meM bhI brAhmaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 247 aura zramaNa sampradAyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina evaM bauddha sAdhu Aja taka bhI zramaNa kahalAte haiN| vaidika paramparA ke dhArmika guru kahalAte the RSi, jinakA varNana Rgveda meM bArambAra AyA hai| kintu zramaNaparamparA ke sAdhuoM kI saMjJA muni thI, jisakA ullekha Rgveda meM kevala una vAtarazana muniyoM ke saMbaMdha ko chor3a anyatra kahIM nahIM aayaa| RSi-muni kahane se donoM sampradAyoM kA grahaNa samajhanA caahiye| pIche paraspara ina sampradAyoM kA khUba AdAna-pradAna huA aura donoM zabdoM ko prAyaH eka-dUsare kA paryAyavAcI mAnA jAne lgaa|" (bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna / pR. 11-18) / ziznadeva-Rveda ke do sUktoM meM ziznadevoM arthAt nagnadevoM kI carcA hai| yathA na yAtava indra jUjuvarno na vandanA zaviSTha vedyaabhiH| sa zardhadaryo viSuNasya jantormA ziznadevA api gurRtNnH|| 7/21 // anuvAda-"he indra! he zaktimAn deva! na to duSTAtmAoM ne hameM apane kucakroM se prerita kiyA hai, na rAkSasoM ne| hamArA saccA deva hamAre zatruoM ko vaza meM kre| ziznadeva hamAre pavitra yajJa ke samIpa na aaveN|" sa vAjaM yAtApaduSpadA yantsvarSAtA pari ssdtsnissyn| anarvA yacchatadurasya vedo aJchiznadevA~ abhi varpasA bhuut|| 10/99 // anuvAda-"vaha (indra) atyanta zubhamArga se yuddha ke liye jAtA hai| usane svarga ke prakAza ko jItane ke lie atyanta kaThina parizrama kiyA, use pAne ko vaha bahuta utsuka thaa| usane ziznadevoM ko mArakara sau dvAroM vAle durga kI nidhi para adhikAra kara liyaa|" e0 ema0 maikDAnala ne apane grantha vaidika mAithaoNlaoNjI meM kahA hai ki "ziznadevoM kI pUjA Rgveda ke dhArmika vicAroM ke pratikUla rahI hogI, kyoMki unheM yajJasthala meM na Ane dene ke lie indra se prArthanA kI gayI hai| Rgveda meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jaba indra ne sau dvAroMvAle durga meM khajAne ko chipA huA dekhA, taba usane ziznadevoM kA vadhakara usa khajAne para kabjA kara liyaa|" (dekhiye, 'vaidika mAithaoNlaoNjI' kA rAmakumAra rAya-kRta hindI anuvAda / pR.296)| "ziznadeva' isa nAma vaiziSTya tathA ziznadevoM ke vedapratikUla dharma-darzana se spaSTa hai ki ve nagna devoM arthAt nagna tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA karanevAle nirgrantha sampradAya ke loga the| paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI ne likhA hai ki "prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM ne 'ziznadevAH' kA artha zizna ko devatA mAnanevAle arthAt liMgapUjaka kiyA hai| kintu isakA eka dUsarA artha bhI hotA hai-ziznayuta devatA ko mAnanevAle arthAt jo naMge devatAoM ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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248 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 1 pUjate haiN|" (jai. sA. i/ pU.pI. / pR. 104) / yaha dUsarA artha hI yuktisaMgata aura itihAsa sammata hai| 2 atharvaveda evaM brAhmaNagranthoM meM yati aura vrAtya " Rgveda meM muniyoM ke atirikta yatiyoM kA bhI ullekha bahutAyata se AyA hai| ye yati bhI brAhmaNaparamparA ke na hokara zramaNaparamparA ke hI sAdhu siddha hote haiM, jinake liye yaha saMjJA samasta jainasAhitya meM upayukta hote hue Aja taka bhI pracalita hai| yadyapi Adi meM RSiyoM, muniyoM aura yatiyoM ke bIca DhAramela pAyA jAtA hai aura ve samAna rUpa se pUjya mAne jAte the, kintu kucha (samaya) hI pazcAt yatiyoM ke prati vaidika paramparA meM mahAn roSa utpanna hone ke pramANa hameM brAhmaNagraMthoM meM milate haiM, jahA~ indra dvArA yatiyoM ko zAlAvRkoM (zRgAloM va kuttoM) dvArA nucavAye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai / (taittirIyasaMhitA / 2, 4,9, 2, 6, 2, 7, 5 tANDyabrAhmaNa / 14, 2, 28; 18, 1,9) / kintu indra ke isa kArya ko devoM ne ucita nahIM samajhA aura unhoMne isake liye indra kA bahiSkAra bhI kiyA (aitareya brAhmaNa 7,28) / tANDyabrAhmaNa ke TIkAkAroM ne yatiyoM kA artha kiyA hai 'vedaviruddha niyamopeta, karmavirodhijana, jyotiSTomAdi akRtvA prakArAntareNa vartamAna' Adi, ina vizeSaNoM se unakI zramaNa paramparA spaSTa pramANita ho jAtI hai| bhagavadgItA meM RSiyoM, muniyoM aura yatiyoM kA svarUpa bhI batalAyA hai aura unheM samAnarUpa se yogapravRta mAnA / yahA~ muni ko indriya aura mana kA saMyama karanevAlA, icchA, bhaya va krodharahita mokSaparAyaNa va sadA mukta ke samAna mAnA hai (bha.gI. 5 / 18) aura yati ko kAma-krodha-rahita, saMyata-citta va vItarAga kahA hai (bha.gI. 5/26, 8/ 11 Adi) / atharvaveda ke 15 veM adhyAya meM vrAtyoM kA varNana AyA hai| sAmaveda ke tANDya brAhmaNa va lATyAyana, kAtyAyana va ApastaMbIya zrautasUtroM meM vrAtyastomavidhi dvArA unheM zuddha kara vaidikaparamparA meM sammilita karane kA bhI varNana hai| ye vrAtya vaidikavidhi se 'adIkSita va saMskArahIna' the| adurukta vAkya ko duruktarIti se, (vaidika va saMskRta nahIM, kintu apane samaya kI prAkRta bhASA ) bolate the, ve 'jyAhRda' (pratyaMcArahita dhanuSa) dhAraNa karate the / manusmRti (10 veM adhyAya) meM licchavi, nAtha, mala Adi kSatriya jAtiyoM ko vrAtyoM meM ginAyA hai / ina saba ullekhoM para sUkSmatA se vicAra karane se isameM sandeha nahIM rahatA ki ye vrAtya bhI zramaNaparamparA ke sAdhu va gRhastha the, jo veda - virodhI hone se vaidika anuyAyiyoM ke kopa- bhAjana hue haiN| jainadharma ke mukhya pA~ca ahiMsAdi niyamoM ko vrata kahA hai| unheM grahaNa karanevAle zrAvaka dezavirata yA aNuvratI aura muni mahAvratI kahalAte haiN| jo vidhivat vrata grahaNa nahIM For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 4 / pra0 1 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 249 karate, tathApi dharma meM zraddhA rakhate haiM, ve avirata samyagdRSTi kahe jAte haiM / isI prakAra ke vratadhArI 'vrAtya' kahe gaye pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki ve hiMsAtmaka yajJavidhiyoM ke niyama se tyAgI hote haiN| isIliye upaniSadoM meM kahIM-kahIM unakI bar3I prazaMsA bhI pAI jAtI hai, jaise praznopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai - ' vrAtyastvaM prANaikarSirattA vizvasya satpati: ' (2/11) / zAMkarabhASya meM vrAtya kA artha 'svabhAvata eva zuddha ityabhiprAyaH' kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra zramaNa-sAdhanAoM kI paramparA hameM nAnA prakAra ke spaSTa va aspaSTa ullekhoM dvArA Rgveda Adi samasta vaidika sAhitya meM dRSTigocara hotI hai / " (bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna / pR. 18 - 19) / isa prakAra kama se kama 1500 varSa I0 pU0 meM racita Rgveda meM munayo vAtarazanAH (vAyurUpa vastradhArI muni) ziznadevAH (nagnadeva ke anuyAyI), yatiyoM evaM vrAtyoM ke ullekhoM se siddha hai ki digambarajaina muni 1500 varSa I0 pU0 meM vidyamAna the aura vAtarazana muni zabda digambara jaina muniyoM kA hI vAcaka thA, yaha chaThI zatAbdI I0 ke zrImadbhAgavatapurANa evaM jainAcArya jinasenakRta 'AdipurANa' (dekhie, agalA zIrSaka 3) ke vivaraNoM se pramANita hai / 3 taittirIyAraNyaka meM vAtarazana zramaNa taittirIya AraNyaka meM bhI vAtarazana zramaNoM kA kathana hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki RSiyoM ko jaba AtmavidyA kI jijJAsA hotI thI, taba ve vAtarazana zramaNoM ke pAsa jAkara usakA upadeza prApta karate the / taittirIya AraNyaka kA nimnalikhita vaktavya isI tathya para prakAza DAlatA hai-- " vAtarazanA ha vA RSayaH zramaNA Urdhvamanthino babhUvustAnRSayo'rthamAyaMste'nilAyamacaraMste'nupravizuH kUSmANDAni tAMsteSvanvavindana zraddhayAca tapasA ca / tAnRSayo'bruvan kayA nilAyaM caratheti te RSInabruvannamo vo'stu bhagavanto'smin dhAmni kena vaH saparyAmeti tAnRSayo'bruvan pavitraM no brUta yenorepasaH syAmeti ta etAni sUktAnyapazyan / ' [1"? anuvAda - " vAtarazana - zramaNa - RSi UrdhvamanthI (paramAtmapada kI ora utkramaNa karane vAle) hue| unake samIpa itara RSi prayojanavaza ( yAcanArtha) upasthita hue / unheM dekhakara vAtarazana kUSmANDanAmaka mantravAkyoM meM antarhita ho gaye, taba unheM anya RSiyoM ne zraddhA aura tapa se prApta kara liyaa| RSiyoM ne una vAtarazana muniyoM se prazna 1. taittirIya AraNyaka 2 / prapAThaka 7 / anuvAka 1 - 2 ( tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA / khaNDa 4 / vidyAnanda muni : Adya mitAkSara / pA.Ti./ pR. 7) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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250 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 kiyA-"kisa vidyA se Apa antarhita ho jAte haiM?" vAtarazana muniyoM ne unheM apane adhyAtmadhAma se Ae hue atithi jAnakara kahA-"he munijano! Apako nmskaar| hama ApakI saparyA (satkAra) kisase kareM?" RSiyoM ne kahA-"hameM pavitra AtmavidyA kA upadeza dIjiye, jisase hama niSpApa ho jaayN|" digambara jainAcArya jinasenakRta AdipurANa meM indra dvArA eka hajAra nAmoM se bhagavAn AdinAtha kI stuti kI gaI hai, jinameM eka nAma 'vAtarazana' hai, jo digambara, nirambara aura nirgrantha kA paryAyavAcI hai-"digvAsA vAtarazano nirgranthezo nirmbrH|" (AdipurANa /25/204) / nighaNTu (800 I0 pU0) meM zramaNa, digambara, vAtavasana zabdasUcI, vizeSarUpa se vaidika zabdasUcI ko nighaNTu kahate haiN| isakI vyAkhyA maharSi yAska ne apane nirukta meM kI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki nighaNTu yAska-viracita 'nirukta' se prAcIna hai| "yAska pANinI se prAcIna haiN| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva (adhyAya 342) meM yAska ke niruktakAra hone kA spaSTa nirdeza hai __ stutvA mAM zipiviSTeti yAska RssirudaardhiiH| yatprasAdAdadho naSTaM niruktmbhijgmvaan|| 73 // isa ullekha ke AdhAra para bhI hama yAska ko vikrama se sAta-ATha sau varSa pUrva mAnane ke lie bAdhya hote haiN|"2 ataH 'nighaMTu' kA racanAkAla isase bhI pUrva kA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa (500 I0pU0) meM kahA gayA hai ki rAjA dazaratha ke yajJa meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, tApasa aura zramaNa AhAra grahaNa karate the brAhmaNA bhuJjate nityaM nAthavantazca bhunyjte| tApasA bhuJjate cApi zramaNAzcaiva bhunyjte|| 14/12 // ukta rAmAyaNa kI bhUSaNaTIkA meM 'nighaMTu' ko uddhRta karate hue 'zramaNa' zabda kA artha 'digambara' aura vAtavasana (vAyu hI hai vastra jisakA) batalAyA gayA hai, yathA-"zramaNA digambarA zramaNA vAtavasanA iti nighnnttuH|"3 nighaNTu kA yaha uddharaNa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki IsA se 800 varSa pahale digambarajaina muniyoM kA astitva thaa| 2. AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya : vaidika sAhitya aura saMskRti / pR. 359 / 3. paM0 ajita kumAra zAstrI : zvetAmbara mata sImAkSA / pR.174 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 251 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad jo bahuta prAcIna hai, usameM bhI zramaNoM kA ullekha hai"shrmnno'shrmnnstaapso'taapsH|"(4/3/22)| ataH yAska kA zramaNoM se paricita honA svAbhAvika hai| zrImadbhAgavatapurANa meM bhI zramaNoM ko 'vAtarazana' (vAyu kI razanA arthAt kaupIna dhAraNa karanevAlA) kahA gayA hai-"zramaNA vAtarazanA AdhyAtmavidyA vishaardaaH|" (11/2/20) / mahAbhArata (500-100 I0 pU0) meM nagna kSapaNaka suprasiddha saMskRtasAhitya-itihAsakAra baladeva upAdhyAya 'mahAbhArata' kI aitihAsikatA para prakAza DAlate hue likhate haiM "Ajakala mahAbhArata meM eka lAkha zloka milate haiM, isalie ise 'zatasAhasrIsaMhitA' kahate haiN| isakA yaha svarUpa kama se kama Der3ha hajAra varSa se avazya hai, kyoMki guptakAlIna zilAlekha meM yaha 'zatasAhasrI saMhitA' ke nAma se ullikhita huA hai| vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki mahAbhArata kA vaha rUpa aneka zatAbdiyoM meM vikasita huaa| bahuta prAcInakAla se aneka gAthAe~ tathA AkhyAna isa deza meM pracalita the, jinameM kauravoM tathA pANDavoM kI vIratA kA varNana kiyA gayA thaa| atharvaveda meM parIkSita kA AkhyAna upalabdha hotA hai| anya vaidika granthoM meM yatra-tatra mahAbhArata ke vIra puruSoM kI gAthAe~ ullikhita milatI haiN| inhIM saba gAthAoM aura AkhyAnoM ko ekatra kara maharSi vedavyAsa ne jisa kAvya kA rUpa diyA hai vahI Ajakala kA suprasiddha mahAbhArata hai|"4 "445 I0 (502 vi0) ke eka zilAlekha meM mahAbhArata kA nirdeza isa prakAra hai-'zatasAhatyAM saMhitAyAM vedvyaasenoktm|' isase pratIta hotA hai ki isase kama se kama 200 varSa pahale isakA astitva avazya hogaa| kaniSka ke sabhApaNDita azvaghoSa ne vajrasUcI upaniSad meM harivaMza ke zloka tathA svayaM mahAbhArata ke bhI kucha zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| azvaghoSa kA samaya I0 san kI prathama zatAbdI hai| ataH usa samaya yaha grantha harivaMza ke sAtha lakSazlokAtmaka thA, isameM kisI ko sandeha nahIM ho sktaa| AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra (3/4/4) meM bhArata tathA mahAbhArata kA pRthak-pRthak ullekha kiyA gayA hai| baudhAyana ke gRhyasUtra meM 'viSNusahasranAma' kA spaSTa ullekha hai tathA bhagavadgItA kA eka zloka pramANarUpa se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM granthakAroM 4. baladeva upAdhyAya : saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa /pR. 81-82 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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252 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 kI sthiti IsvI ke lagabhaga cAra sau varSa pahale mAnI jAtI hai| ye donoM granthakAra mahAbhArata ke vistRtarUpa se paricita haiM, gItA ko bhagavAn ke vacanarUpa se jAnate haiM, yayAti ke upAkhyAna kA nirdeza karate haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki mUla mahAbhArata kI racanA isase (400 I0 pU0 se) kama se kama do sau varSa pUrva avazya huI hogii| mahAbhArata buddha ke pahale kI racanA hai, parantu vartamAna rUpa use buddha ke pIche prApta huA, yahI mAnanA nyAyasaMgata hai|"5 zrI bI0 ena0 lUniyA prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti meM likhate haiM-"maikDAnala ne mahAbhArata kA racanAkAla 500 I0 pU0 aura vinTaraniTja ne 400 I0 pU0 mAnA hai| zrI Ara0 jI0 bhaNDArakara kA mata hai ki IsvI pUrva 500 taka mahAbhArata eka prasiddha dhArmika grantha bana cukA thaa| --- mahAbhArata ke mUlagrantha meM aneka vIragAthAoM, AkhyAnoM, dhArmika tathA dArzanika vicAroM aura upadezoM ko sammilita kara liyA gyaa| samayasamaya para usameM aneka prakSepa jor3a diye gye| --- mahAbhArata ke kucha bhAgoM meM bhArata meM rahanevAlI videzI jAtiyoM yUnAnI, zaka, pahlava Adi kA ullekha hai| ye jAtiyA~ bhArata meM IsvI pUrva pahalI aura dUsarI zatAbdI meM aayiiN| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki IsApUrva kI prAraMbhika sadiyoM meM mahAbhArata ke mahAkAvya meM parivartana aura parivardhana ho gaye the| IsApUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM, pataJjalikRta 'mahAbhASya' grantha ke samaya meM, mahAbhArata kA vartamAnarUpa sarvavidita thaa| mahAbhArata meM viSNu aura zaivamatoM kA vizada vivaraNa hai aura ye mata IsA ke bAda kI prAraMbhika sadiyoM meM khUba pracalita the| guptakAla meM to ye apanI pragati ke zikhara para the| bhArata meM aura bhArata ke bAhara kamboDiyA meM pA~cavI aura chaThI zatAbdiyoM ke zilAlekhoM meM mahAbhArata kA dhArmika grantha ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki IsavI san kI pA~cavI zatAbdI ke pUrva hI mahAbhArata kA parivartana aura parivarddhana sampUrNa ho cukA thA aura usakA vaha rUpa nirdiSTa ho cukA thA jo Aja hamAre sammukha prastuta hai| DaoNkTara rAdhAkumuda mukarjI kA mata hai ki mahAbhArata kA yaha parivarddhita rUpa IsApUrva kI dUsarI zatAbdI taka pUrNa ho cukA thaa| anya vidvAn ise IsvI san ke 300 varSa pUrva se 100 varSa pUrva ke yuga meM mAnate haiN|"6 niSkarSa yaha ki 'mahAbhArata' I0 pU0 500 se I0 pU0 100 ke bIca kI racanA hai| isameM digambarajaina muni kA varNana hai| prAcInakAla meM digambarajaina muni 'kSapaNaka' nAma se prasiddha the| 'kSapaNaka' zabda bhvAdigaNa evaM curAdigaNa kI 'kSap' dhAtu meM 'lyuTa' evaM svArthika 'kan' pratyayoM ke yoga se niSpanna hai| bhvAdigaNI 'kSap' dhAtu kA artha hai : saMyama, tapa, upavAsa karanA (kSap = to be abstinent, fast, do penance 5. baladeva upAdhyAya : saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa / pR. 83-84 / 6. bI. ena. lUniyA : prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti/ pR. 157 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra0 1 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 253 M. Monier Williams : Sanskrit-English Dictionary, manusmRti 5 / 69, ApTekRta saMskRta - hindI koza) tathA curAdigaNI 'kSap' dhAtu kA artha hai : pheMkanA, tyAganA, naSTa karanA (to throw kSapaNa = destroying, diminishing, suppressing, expelling-- M. Monier williams : Sans.- Eng. Dictionary) ata: ' kSapaNaka' zabda saMyamItapasvI evaM vastrAdi-sakalaparigraha- tyAgI digambarajaina muni kA vAcaka hai| chaThI zatAbdI I0 ke digambara jainAcArya joindudeva ne paramAtmaprakAza ke nimna dohe meM digambara jaina muni ke lie ' kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai taruNau bUDhau rUyaDau sUrau paMDiu divvu / khavaNau vaMdau sevaDau mUDhau maNNai savvu // 1/82 // anuvAda - "maiM taruNa hU~, vRddha hU~, rUpavAn hU~, zUra hU~, paMDita hU~, divya hU~, kSapaNaka hU~, bauddha hU~ aura zvetapaTa (zvetAmbara) hU~, isa prakAra zarIra kI samasta avasthAoM ko mUrkha jIva apanI avasthAe~ mAnatA hai / " zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra ( 12vIM zatI I0) ne apane koSa meM ' kSapaNaka' zabda ko 'nagna' kA paryAyavAcI batalAyA hai - " nagno vivAsasi mAgadhe ca kSapaNake / ' 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' ke vRttikAra zrI hemacandrasUri (12vIM sadI I0) ne bhASya kI 2585vIM gAthA kI vRtti meM nimnalikhita gAthA uddhRta kI hai, jisameM digambaramuni ko nagnakSapaNaka kahA gayA hai jArisiyaM guruliMgaM sIseNa vi tAriseNa hoyavvaM / na hi hoi buddhasIso seyavaDo naggakhavaNo vA // anuvAda - " jaisA guru kA liMga (veza) hotA hai, vaisA hI ziSya kA bhI honA cAhie / buddha kA ziSya zvetapaTadhArI athavA nagnakSapaNa nahIM ho sakatA / " eka anya zvetAmbaragrantha pravacanaparIkSA meM daza kupAkSikoM ke nAmoM meM eka 'kSapaNaka' nAma bhI batalAyA gayA hai-- khavaNaya puNNima kharayara pallaviA saGghapuNNimAgamiA / paDimA muNiari vIjA pAso puNa saMpaI dasamo // 8 // isakI vRtti meM ' kSapaNako digambaraH' (prava. parI / 1 / 1 / 8 / pR. 19) kahakara 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA artha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isI grantha kI eka anya gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki kSapaNaka strImukti kA niSedha karanevAle puruSa ko tIrthaMkara kahate haiM- "evaM khalu titthayaraM itthImuttiM nisehagaM khamaNA" For Personal & Private Use Only

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254 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 ise saMskRtavRtti meM isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA gayA hai-"kSapaNakAH strImukti-niSedhakaM tIrthakara bhnnnti|"(prv.prii. /1/1/71 / pR. 50) / vaidikaparamparA ke 'mahAbhArata' ke atirikta anya dhArmika evaM dArzanika granthoM meM bhI 'kSapaNaka' zabda se 'digambarajaina muni' artha hI liyA gayA hai| yathA 1. "yatra kSapaNakA iva dRzyante maladhAriNaH" (rudrasaMhitA / paarvtiikhnndd,24/21)| 2. "nagnakSapaNakAdInAM --- / " (zrImadbhagavatagItA / zAMkarabhASya / 18 / 22) / 3. "kSapaNasya varA pUjA arhato dhyaanmuttmm||" 20 // (padmamahApurANa / bhuumikhnndd)| saMskRtasAhitya ke cANakyazataka, paJcatantra, mudrArAkSasa, kAdambarI, harSacarita, prabodhacandrodaya Adi granthoM meM digambarajaina muni kA varNana kSapaNaka yA nagnakSapaNaka nAma se hI kiyA gayA hai| ina granthoM ke udAharaNa svatantra zIrSakoM meM Age draSTavya haiN| jainetara zabdakozoM meM bhI 'kSapaNaka' zabda ko digambarajaina muni kA vAcaka batalAyA gayA hai| yathA1. nagnATo digvAsAH kSapaNaH zramaNazca jIvako jainH| AjIvo maladhArI nirgranthaH kathyate sadbhiH // 2/190 // hlaayudhkosh| 2. "nagno bandikSapaNayoH puMsi triSu vivaassi|" (medinIkoza / naM. 13) / 3. "nirgranthaH ksspnnstthaa|" (kossklptruH/53)| 4. Kshapanaka = a religious mendicant, (especially a) Jaina mendicant who wears no garments. (M. Monier Williams : Sans.- Eng. Dictionary, p. 326) prAkRta bhASAoM ke vizeSajJa prasiddha jarmana vidvAn DaoN0 ricArDa pizala ne apane 'prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa' nAmaka grantha ke 'viSayapraveza' (pR. 31) meM likhA hai-"prabodhacandrodaya ke peja 46 se 64 taka eka kSapaNaka AyA hai, jo digambara jaina sAdhu batAyA gayA hai|---lttkmelk ke peja 12-15 aura 25 se 28 meM bhI eka digambara pAtra nATaka meM khela karatA hai, jo mAgadhI bolatA hai| yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki nATakoM meM sarvatra ye 'kSapaNaka' digambara hote haiN|" ina pramANoM se siddha hai ki digambara, zvetAmbara aura vaidika paramparA ke sAhityoM meM tathA saMskRtasAhitya evaM zabdakozoM meM 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga digambarajaina muni ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 255 mahAbhArata ke Adiparva meM maharSi uttaGka kI kathA meM nagna kSapaNaka kA ullekha huA hai| arjuna ke pautra aura abhimanyu ke putra parIkSita yudhiSThira ke bAda hastinApura ke rAjA bne| nAgarAja takSaka ke Dasane se unakI mRtyu ho gii| parIkSita ke putra janamejaya pitA kI mRtyu kA badalA lene ke lie sampUrNa sarpajAti kA vinAza karane hetu sarpayajJa karate haiN| usameM samasta sarpa jalA diye jAte haiM, kintu Astika RSi kI kRpA se takSaka ke prANa baca jAte haiN| isa yajJa ke kAraNa hI vaizampAyana ne janamejaya ko kRSNadvaipAyana vyAsa dvArA racita mahAbhArata kI rocaka kathAe~ sunaaiiN| janamejaya ne bhI brahmahatyA ke pApa kA prAyazcitta karane ke lie una kathAoM ko dhyAna se sunA (Adiparva/ adhyAya 1 / zloka 9-11/pR.2)| __una kathAoM ko vahA~ sUtakulotpanna lomaharSaNa ke putra ugrazravA ne bhI sunaa| ve purANoM ke jJAtA aura kathAvAcaka the| ve naimiSAraNya meM maharSi zaunaka ke dvAdazavarSIya satra meM aaye| vahA~ ekatra RSiyoM ko unhoMne mahAbhArata kI kathA sunAI (aadiprv| adhyAya 1) / isI krama meM ve 'veda' ke ziSya uttaGka kI gurubhakti kI kathA sunAte haiN| uttaGka ne hI janamejaya ko sarpayajJa ke lie protsAhita kiyA thA (Adiparva / adhyAya 3) / kathA isa prakAra hai brahmarSi uttaGka apane guru veda ko gurudakSiNA dene ke lie gurupatnI kI icchAnusAra rAjA pauSya kI mahArAnI ke kuNDalayugala mA~gane jAte haiN| mahArAnI de detI hai, kintu sAvadhAna karatI hai ki ina kuNDaloM para nAgarAja takSaka kI A~kheM gar3I huI haiM, ataH Apa sAvadhAnI se lekara jaanaa| uttaGka 'aba maiM calatA hU~' kahakara rAjA se bidA lete haiM aura kuNDala lekara cala par3ate haiN| rAste meM ve apane pIche Ate hue eka nagna kSapaNaka (digambarajaina muni) ko dekhate haiM, jo kabhI dikhAI detA hai, kabhI adRzya ho jAtA hai| kucha dUra jAkara uttaMka eka sarovara ke kinAre kuNDala rakha dete haiM aura snAna ke lie jala meM praviSTa ho jAte haiN| tabhI vaha kSapaNaka tejI se AtA hai aura donoM kuNDala lekara bhAga jAtA hai| uttaMka snAna-tarpaNa kara usa kSapaNaka kA pIchA karate haiM aura use pakar3a lete haiN| pakar3e jAne para vaha kSapaNaka kA rUpa tyAga detA hai aura apanA vAstavika (takSakanAga kA) rUpa dhAraNa kara pRthvI ke bahuta bar3e bila meM ghusa jAtA hai| mUla pATha isa prakAra hai "sAdhayAmastAvadityuktvA prAtiSThatottaGkaste kuNDale gRhItvA so'pazyadatha pathi nagnaM kSaNapakamAgacchantaM muhurmuhurdRzyamAnamadRzyamAnaM c| athotaGkaste kuNDale saMnyasya bhUmAvudakArthaM prckrme| etasminnantare sa kSapaNakastvaramANa upasRtya te kuNDale gRhItvA praadrvt| For Personal & Private Use Only

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256 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 1 tamutto'bhisRtya kRtodakakAryaH zuciH prayato namo devebhyo gurubhyazca kRtvA mahatA javena tamanvayAt / tasya takSako dRDhamAsannaH sa taM jagrAha / gRhItamAtraH sa tadrUpaM vihAya takSakasvarUpaM kRtvA sahasA dharaNyAM vivRtaM mahAbilaM praviveza / " ( mahAbhArata / Adiparva / tRtIya adhyAya pR. 57) / upAkhyAna kA Azaya yaha hai ki nAgarAja takSaka ne kuNDaloM kA apaharaNa karane ke lie nagna kSapaNaka arthAt digambarajaina muni kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thA, jaise rAvaNa ne sItA ke apaharaNa ke lie sAdhu kA veza dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki usa samaya digambarajaina muni loka meM Adara aura zraddhA se dekhe jAte the / isIlie dhUrtaloga dUsaroM ko Thagane ke lie digambarajaina muni kA veza dhAraNa kara lete the| uttaGka janamejaya ke samakAlIna the| janamejaya parIkSita ke putra, abhimanyu ke pautra tathA arjuna ke prapautra the / isase yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai ki mahAbhArata meM varNita upAkhyAna usakI racanA ke pUrva se zrutiparamparA meM pravahamAna the| unheM itihAsa aura purANa kahA gayA hai| unakA manthana karake hI vyAsa jI ne mahAbhArata kI racanA kI thI, jaisA ki usameM kahA gayA hai itihAsa - purANAnAmunmeSaM nirmitaM ca yat / bhUtaM bhavyaM bhaviSyaM ca trividhaM kAlasaMjJitam // 1/1 / 63 // uttaGkopAkhyAna mahAbhArata ke Adiparva ke pauSyaparva nAmaka tRtIya adhyAya meM varNita hai, ataH uttaGka kI kathA meM nagna kSaNapaka kA eka pAtra ke rUpa meM varNana siddha karatA hai ki jitane prAcIna 'mahAbhArata' ke ( janamejaya, nAgarAja takSaka, brahmarSi uttaMka, mahArAja pauSya Adi) pAtra haiM, unase bhI adhika prAcIna digambarajaina muniyoM (nagna kSapaNakoM) kI paramparA hai, tabhI tatkAlIna samAja meM ve ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha mahAvratadhArI vizvasanIya sAdhuoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha aura suparicita the, jisake kAraNa takSaka uttaMka ko Thagane ke lie digambarajaina muni kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai aura uttaMka use vAstava meM digambarajaina muni samajha kara kuNDaloM ke apaharaNa se zaMkita nahIM hote aura Azvasta hokara unheM sarovara ke kinAre para rakhakara snAna ke lie jala meM praviSTa ho jAte haiM / yataH uttaGka parIkSitaputra janamejaya ke samakAlIna the, ataH ve dvAparayuga meM vidyamAna the| hindUmatAnusAra sRSTikAla cAra yugoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai : sat For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 257 yA kRtayuga (avadhi 17,28,000 varSa), tretA (12,96,000 varSa), dvApara (8,64,000 varSa) aura kaliyuga (4,32,000 vrss)| vartamAnayuga kaliyuga hai| (vAmana zivarAma ApTe : saMskRta-hindIkoza / 'yugm')| kaliyuga kA Arambha IsApUrva 3102 varSa kI 13 pharavarI ko huA thA (vahI/saMskRta-hindI-koza / kliH')| isa kAlagaNanA ke anusAra siddha hotA hai ki digambara jaina muniyoM kA astitva dvAparayuga meM arthAt Aja se lagabhaga ATha lAkha causaTha hajAra varSa ke pUrva bhI thaa| tathA mahAbhArata meM nagna kSapaNaka ke ullekha se siddha hotA hai ki digambarajainaparamparA kA astitva 'mahAbhArata' ke racanAkAla (500 I.pU. se 100 I.pU.) se bhI prAcIna hai| tattvanirNayaprAsAda grantha ke lekhaka zvetAmbarAcArya muni zrI vijayAnandasUrIzvara 'AtmArAma' jI (vi0 saM0 1914 ke lagabhaga) ne bhI ukta kathA ke AdhAra para jainadharma ko vedavyAsa jI ke janma se pUrvavartI pratipAdita kiyA hai| kintu , unhoMne nagnakSapaNaka ko digambarajaina muni na mAnakara zvetAmbara jinakalpika muni mAnA hai, kyoMki ve bhI nagna rahate the| para unakA yaha mata pUrvoddhRta pramANoM ke viruddha hai| pUrva meM digambarasAhitya, zvetAmbarasAhitya, vaidikasAhitya, saMskRtasAhitya tathA zabdakozoM se jo uddharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM, unase spaSTa hai ki bhArata ke sabhI dhArmika sampradAyoM meM 'kSapaNaka' zabda digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie hI prasiddha thaa| uparyukta sampradAyoM ke sAhitya tathA saMskRtasAhitya meM kSapaNakoM ko mayUrapicchasahita tathA 'dharmavRddhi' kA AzIrvAda dete hue citrita kiyA gayA hai, jo kevala digambarajaina muni ke lakSaNa haiN| isase uparyukta tathya meM sandeha ke lie raMcamAtra bhI sthAna nahIM rhtaa| isakI vistAra se carcA Age kI jaayegii| cANakyazataka (400 I0 pU0) meM nagnakSapaNaka ___ yaha nIti ke padyoM kA grantha hai| isake racayitA cANakya haiM, jo I0 pU0 caturtha zatAbdI meM samrATa candragupta ke pradhAnamaMtrI the| unhoMne apane zataka ke 110veM zloka meM likhA hai-'nagnakSapaNake deze rajakaH kiM kariSyati' (ApTe-kRta saMskRta-hindI koza/ pR. 315) arthAt jisa deza meM nagnakSapaNaka hI rahate hoM, vahA~ dhobI kA kyA kAma? isase bhI siddha hotA hai ki IsApUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM digambarajainamuni-paramparA vidyamAna thii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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258 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 paMcatantra (300 I0) meM nagnaka, kSapaNaka, digambara, dharmavRddhi suprasiddha saMskRtasAhitya-itihAsakAra paM0 baladeva upAdhyAya likhate haiM-"paMcataMtra kI kahAniyA~ bar3I prAcIna haiN| bRhatkathA (tIsarI zatAbdI) tathA tantrAkhyAyikA ke rUpa meM usakA maulika rUpa Aja bhI hamAre manana ke lie vidyamAna hai| --- aitihAsika tathya yaha hai ki jaba SaSTha zataka meM bhArata kA tathA phArasa kA ghaniSTha sambandha thA, taba ina rocaka tathA upadezaprada kathAoM kI ora phArasa ke nyAyI bAdazAha khuzaro nauzeravA~ (531 I0-579 I0) kI dRSTi AkRSTa huii| isake darabAriyoM meM eka saMskRta ke jJAtA hakIma the, unakA nAma thA burjoii| inhIM hakIma sA0 ne pahale-pahala paJcatantra kA prathama anuvAda pahalavI (prAcIna phArasI) bhASA meM 533 I0 meM kiyA thaa|"(sNskRtsaahity kA itihAsa / pR. 424-425) / paMcataMtra ke sabase prAcIna saMskaraNa meM kauTilya ke arthazAstra ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, ataH isake racanAkAla kI pUrva sImA tIsarI zatAbdI I. pU. kahI jA sakatI hai| harTala paMcataMtra ke prAcInatama saMskaraNa kA racanAkAla dUsarI zatI I0 pU0 mAnate haiN| viMTaranitsa ne paMcataMtra ke vartamAna svarUpa kA nirmANakAla 300-400 I0 ke AsapAsa mAnA hai, para ve yaha bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki apane mUla rUpa meM yaha grantha isase pahale astitva meM A cukA thaa| paMcataMtra ke 'aparIkSita kAraka' meM pahalI hI kathA maNibhadra zreSThI kI hai jo nagna kSapaNakoM para AdhArita hai| maNibhadra seTha nirdhana ho jAtA hai aura nirdhanatA se duHkhI hokara AtmahatyA kA nizcaya kara so jAtA hai| svapna meM usake pUrvapuruSoM dvArA upArjita padmanidhi kSapaNakarUpa meM darzana dekara kahatI hai-"tuma nirAza mata hoo| maiM subaha isI rUpa meM tumhAre ghara aauuNgii| tuma mere sira para lAThI se prahAra karanA, maiM svarNa bana jaauuNgii| use tuma rakha lenaa|" subaha aisA hI huaa| kSapaNaka prakaTa huA aura seTha ne usa para lAThiyoM se prahAra kiyaa| vaha svarNa bana gyaa| seTha ne uThAkara use ghara meM rakha liyaa| seTha kI patnI ne isa ghaTanA ke pUrva eka nAI ko paira dhone ke lie bulAyA thaa| usane yaha sArI ghaTanA dekha lii| seTha ne use dhana aura vastra dekara santuSTa kiyA aura kahA ki tuma yaha bAta kisI se na khnaa| nAI ghara jAkara socane lagA ki ye nagna kSapaNaka sira para lAThiyoM kA prahAra karane se svarNa bana jAte haiN| isalie maiM bhI aisA hI kruuNgaa| prAtaH vaha kSapaNakavihAra meM jAkara pradhAnakSapaNaka ko 'namo'stu' nivedita kara prArthanA karatA hai ki "Aja Apa 7. DaoN0 rAdhAvallabha tripAThI : saMskRta sAhitya kA abhinava itihAsa / pR.345-346 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 259 samasta muniyoM sahita AhAra ke lie mere ghara pdhaareN|" pradhAna kSapaNaka ne kahA"hama brAhmaNoM ke samAna AmaMtraNa karane para nahIM aate| AhAra ke samaya zrAvakoM kI bastI meM jAte haiM aura jo zrAvaka bhaktipUrvaka hamArI abhyarthanA karatA hai, usI ke yahA~ AhAra grahaNa karate haiN|" nAI ne kahA-"yaha bAta maiM jAnatA hU~, lekina maiMne pustakoM ke AcchAdana yogya bahumUlya vastra ikaTThe kara rakhe haiM aura pustakoM kA lekhana karAne ke lie lekhakoM ko dene hetu dhana bhI saMcita karake rakhA hai| isalie Apa kAlocita kArya kreN|" yaha kahakara nAI calA gayA aura ghara meM eka khaira kA laTTha taiyAra kara kivAr3oM ke pIche chipA diyaa| usake bAda vaha punaH vihAra gayA aura jaba ve kSapaNaka AhAracaryA ke lie vihAra se nikala rahe the, taba unase apane ghara calane ke lie bar3I minnateM karane lgaa| ve kSapaNaka bhI vastra aura dhana ke lobha meM anya bhakta zrAvakoM ko chor3akara usake ghara cala gye| jyoM hI ve nAI ke ghara meM praviSTa hue, nAI ne kivAr3a banda kara diye aura muniyoM ke sira para laTTha mArane lgaa| kucha muni tatkAla mara gaye aura kucha cItkAra karate hue idhara-udhara bhAgane lge| cItkAra sunakara sipAhI Aye aura sArA vRttAnta jAnakara nAI ko pakar3akara le gaye aura use zUlI para car3hA diyaa| kathA kA Avazyaka saMskRtapATha nIce diyA jA rahA hai "nApito'pi svagRhaM gatvA vyacintayat-nUnamete sarve'pi nagnakAH zirasi daNDahatAH kAJcanamayA bhvnti| tadahamapi prAtaH prabhUtAnAhUya laguDaiH zirasi hanmi, yena prabhUtaM hATakaM me bhvti| evaM cintayato mahatA kaSTena nizA atickraam| atha prabhAte abhyutthAya bRhallaguDamekaM praguNIkRtya kSapaNakavihAraM gatvA jinendrasya pradakSiNatrayaM vidhAya jAnubhyAmavaniM gatvA vaktradvAra-nyastottarIyAJcalastArasvareNemaM zlokamapaThat jayanti te jinA yeSAM kevljnyaanshaalinaam| AjanmanaH smarotpattau maansenossraayitm|| sA jihvA yA jinaM stauti taccittaM yajine rtm| tAveva ca karau zlAghyau yau tatpUjAkarau krau|| evaM saMstutya tataH pradhAnakSapaNakamAsAdya kSitinihitajAnucaraNaH 'namo'stu , vande' ityuccArya labdhadharmavRddhyAzIrvAdaH mukhamAlikAnugrahalabdhavratAdezaH uttarIyanibaddhagranthiH saprazrayamidamAha-"bhagavan adya viharaNakriyA samastamunisametenAsmRdgRhe krttvyaa|" sa Aha-"bhoH zrAvaka! dharmajJo'pi kimevaM vadasi? kiM vayaM brAhmaNasamAnAH yad AmantraNaM karoSi? vayaM sadaiva tatkAlaparicaryayA bhramanto bhaktibhAjaM zrAvakamavalokya tasya gRhe gcchaamH| tena kRcchrAdabhyarthitAstadgRhe prANadhAraNamAtrAmazanakriyAM kurmH| tad gmytaam| naivaM bhUyo'pi vaacym|" For Personal & Private Use Only

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260 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 tacchrutvA nApitamAha-"bhagavan! vemyahaM yussmddhrmm| paraM bhavato bahuzrAvakA aahvynti| sAmprataM punaH pustakAcchAdanayogyAni karpaTAni bahumUlyAni prgunniikRtaani| tathA pustakAnAM lekhanAya lekhakAnAM ca vittaM snycitmaaste| tatsarvathA kAlocittaM kaarym|" tato nApito'pi svagRhaM gtH| tatra ca gatvA khadiramayaM laguDaM sajjIkRtya kapATayugalaM dvAri samAdhAya sArdhapraharaikasamaye bhUyo'pi vihAradvAramAzritya sarvAn krameNa niSkrAmato guruprArthanayA svgRhmaanyt| te'pi sarve karpaTavittalobhena paricitAn zrAvakAn parityajya pradRSTamanasastasya pRSThato yyuH| athavA sAdhvidamucyate ekAkI gRhasantyaktaH pANipAtro digmbrH| so'pi saMvAhyate loke tRSNayA pazya kautukm||" (paJcatantra / aparIkSitakAraka) paMcataMtra kI isa kathA se jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM jainetara sampradAya ke loga bhI digambarajaina muniyoM ke prati pradarzita kiye jAnevAle vinayopacAra, unake dvArA diye jAnevAle AzIrvAda ke prakAra evaM unakI AhAracaryA kI paddhati se suparicita the, jo isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki digambarajaina muniparamparA IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI se bhI bahuta pahale astitva meM thii| bhAsakRta 'avimAraka' (300 I0) meM vastravihIna zramaNa mahAkavi bhAsa saMskRta ke suprasiddha nATakakAra haiN| ye kAlidAsa ke pUrvavartI haiM, kyoMki kAlidAsa ne apane 'mAlavikAgnimitra' nATaka meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai| e0 bI0 kItha kAlidAsa kA samaya 400 I0 ke lagabhaga mAnate haiM, ataH unake anusAra bhAsa 300 I0 ke lagabhaga vidyamAna the| kintu DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya ne antaraMga aura bahiraMga pramANoM ke AdhAra para kahA hai ki bhAsa kA samaya paMcama yA caturtha zatI vikramapUrva mAnanA nyAyocita hai| DaoN0 rAdhAvallabha tripAThI, TI0 gaNapati zAstrI, ma0 ma0 haraprasAda zAstrI tathA e0 DI0 pusAlakara dvArA prastuta pramANoM ke AdhAra para bhAsa kI sthiti IsA se cAra yA pA~ca zatAbdI pUrva yuktisaMgata mAnate haiN| bhAsa ne apane nATaka 'avimAraka' meM nagna zramaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| vidUSaka nalinikA se kahatA hai 8. saMskRtasAhitya kA itihAsa / pR.491-494| 9. saMskRtasAhitya kA abhinava itihAsa / pR.127-128 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra0 1 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 261 "Am bhodi! jaNNopavIdeNa bamhaNo, cIvareNa rattapaDo / jadi vatthaM avama samaNao homi / " ( paMcama aMka / pRSTha 143) / anuvAda -"hA~, devi ! maiM yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane se brAhmaNa hU~, cIvara pahana lU~ to raktapaTa (bauddha) ho jAU~gA aura yadi vastra utAra dU~ to zramaNa bana jaauuNgaa|" isase spaSTa hotA hai ki bhAsa ke yuga meM digambarajaina muniyoM kA astitva thA / itanA hI nahIM, unake samaya meM digambarajaina muni hI 'zramaNa' zabda se prasiddha the aura unake viSaya meM yaha bhI spaSTa thA ki ve avaidika the / yaha dvitIya aMka (pR. 30) meM ceTI aura vidUSaka ke nimnalikhita saMvAda se jJAta hotA hai / vidUSaka se parihAsa karate hue ceTI kahatI hai ki maiM bhojana kA nimaMtraNa dene ke lie kisI brAhmaNa ko DhU~r3ha rahI hU~ / taba vidUSaka, jo ki brAhmaNa hai, kahatA hai- " bhodi ! ahaM ko samaNao?" (devi! maiM kyA zramaNa hU~ ? ) / ceTI parihAsa meM kahatI hai- " tuvaM kila avedio " (hA~, tuma avaidika ho) / isa prakAra yadi bhAsa kA samaya I0 pU0 caturtha zatAbdI mAnA jAya, to digambaramuniyoM kA astitva usake pUrva se siddha hotA hai aura yadi tRtIya zatAbdI I0 svIkAra kiyA jAya, taba bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki unakI paramparA isake pUrva se calI A rahI thI aura Rgveda tathA mahAbhArata ke ullekhoM se siddha hai ki vaha IsApUrva - zatAbdiyoM se pravahamAna thI / 9 matsyapurANa (300 I0) meM niSkaccha, nirgrantha, nagna DaoN0 rAmacandra jI tivArI ne batalAyA hai ki matsyapurANa prAcInatama purANa mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki kevala isI meM 236 I0 ke AndhrarAjavaMza kA varNana hai, guptavaMza kA isameM ullekha nahIM hai / 10 isa purANa meM jinadharma ko vinAza kA kAraNa siddha karane ke lie nimnalikhita kathA gar3hI gaI hai| rAjA raji ke putroM ne indra kA sAmrAjya chIna liyaa| taba usane vRhaspati ke pAsa jAkara prArthanA kI, ki mujhe merA rAjya vApisa dilAne ke lie kucha upAya kiijie| vRhaspati ne grahazAntividhAna tathA pauSTika karma karake indra ko balavAn tathA sAhasI banA diyA aura rajiputroM ke pAsa jAkara unheM mohita kara jainadharmAvalambI banA diyA, jisase ve vedatrayI se cyuta hokara vinAza ke yogya ho gye| taba indra 10. kAlidAsa kI tithi saMzuddhi / pR. 212 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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262 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra01 ne vajraprahAra se unheM mAra ddaalaa| isa kathA se jainadharma atiprAcIna siddha hotA hai| kaliyuga ke doSa batalAte hue matsyapurANa (adhyAya 144) meM kahA gayA hai ki isa yuga meM rAjA loga adhikAMzataH zUdrayoni ke hote haiM aura kASAyavastradhArI (bauddha), niSkaccha (nagna) tathA kApAlika Adi pASaNDiyoM kI pravRttiyA~ bar3ha jAtI haiM rAjAnaH zUdrabhUyiSThAH pASaNDAnAM prvRttyH| kASAyiNazca niSkacchAstathA kApAlinazca h|| 144/40 // matsyapurANa kI anya pratiyoM meM 'kASAyiNazca' ke sthAna meM 'nagnAstathA ca' evaM 'niSkacchAH' ke sthAna meM 'nirgranthAH'12 pATha milatA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki tIsarI zatI I0 ke pUrvArdha meM nirgranthasampradAya ke nagna sAdhu vidyamAna the| viSNupurANa (300-400 I0) meM nAbhi, merudevI, RSabha, bharata, nagna, digambara, barhipicchadhara, Arhata, anekAntavAda zrI Ara0 sI0 hAjarA ne purANoM para mahattvapUrNa zodha kArya kiyA hai| unhoMne viSNupurANa kA racanAkAla tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI I0 batalAyA hai|3 isameM maurya aura naMda rAjAoM kA vivaraNa hai, guptakAlIna rAjAoM ke nAma nahIM hai| purANoM meM prAcInatA aura dharma tathA darzana ke nirUpaNa kI prAmANikatA ke kAraNa viSNupurANa kA nirvivAda mahattva hai| isake dvitIya aMza meM Adya jaina tIrthaMkara RSabha, unake mAtA-pitA nAbhi evaM marudevI tathA putra bharata kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura tRtIya aMza meM jaina aura bauddha sampradAyoM kA vivaraNa hai| 10.1. bhagavAn RSabhadeva prathama manu svAyaMbhuva ke pA~caveM vaMzaja viSNupurANa (aMza 2/ adhyAya 1) ke nimnalikhita zlokoM meM prathama jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko 1.svAyaMbhuva manu, 2. priyavrata, 3.AgnIdhra, 4. nAbhi evaM 11. gatvA'tha mohayAmAsa rjiputraanvRhsptiH| jinadharmaM samAsthAya vedabAhyaM sa vedvit|| 24/47 // vedatrayIparibhraSTAMzcakAra dhissnnaadhipH| vedabAhyAn parijJAya hetuvAdasamanvitAn // 24/48 // jaghAna zakro vajreNa srvaandhrmbhisskRtaan|| 24/49 // 12. matsyapurANa / pA.Ti./144/40/ pR.711 / 13. DaoN. rAdhAvallabha tripAThI : saMskRta sAhitya kA abhinava itihAsa / pR.77| 14. vahI / pR.81| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 263 5. RSabha, isa krama se svAyaMbhuva nAmaka prathama manu kI pA~cavIM pIr3hI15 meM utpanna batalAyA gayA haizrImaitreya uvAca priyavratottAnapAdau sutau svAyambhuvasya yau| tayoruttAnapAdasya dhruvaH putrstvyoditH||2/1/3|| priyavratasya naivoktA bhavatA dvija! snttiH| tAmahaM zrotumicchAmi prasanno vaktumarhasi // 2/1/4 // zrIparAzara uvAca kardasyAtmajAM kanyAmupayeme priyvrtH| samrAT kukSizca tatkanye dshputraastthaa'pre|| 2/1/5 // mahAprajJA mahAvIryA vinItA dayitA pituH| priyavratasutAH khyAtAsteSAM nAmAni me shRnnu||2/1/6|| AgnIdhrazcAgnibAhuzca vpussmaandyutimaaNstthaa| medhA medhAtithirbhavyaH savanaH putra eva c||2/1/7|| jyotiSmAndazamasteSAM satyanAmA suto'bhvt| priyavratasya putrAste prakhyAtA blviirytH|| 2/1/8 // medhAgnibAhuputrAstu trayo yogpraaynnaaH| jAtismarA mahAbhAgA na rAjyAya mano ddhuH|| 2/1/9 // nirmalAH sarvakAlantu samastArtheSu ve mune| cakruH kriyAM yathAnyAyamaphalAkAMkSiNo hite|| 2/1/10 // priyavrato dadau teSAM saptAnAM muni sattama! saptadvIpAni maitreya! vibhajya sumhaatmnaam||2/1/11|| jambUdvIpaM mahAbhAga! sAgnIdhrAya dadau pitaa| medhAtithestathA prAdAplakSadvIpaM tthaaprm|| 2/1/12 // zAlmale ca vapuSmantaM nrendrmbhissiktvaan| jyotiSmantaM kuzadvIpe rAjAnaM kRtvaanprbhuH||2/1/13|| dyutimantaM ca rAjAnaM krauJcadvIpe smaadisht| zAka dvIpezvaraM cApi bhavyaM cakre priyvrtH||2/1/14|| 15. zrImadbhAgavatamahApurANa / skandha 5/adhyAya 1-4 meM bhI isI krama se bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko svAyaMbhuvamanu kI pA~cavIM pIr3hI meM utpanna darzAyA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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264 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 puSkarAdhipatiM cakre savanaM cApi sa prabhuH / jambUdvIpezvaro yastu AgnIdhro munisattama // 2/1/15 // tasya putrA babhUvas prajApatisamA nava / nAbhiH kimpuruSazcaiva harivarSa ilAvRtaH // 2/1/16 // ramyo hiraNvAn SaSThazca kururbhadrAzva eva ca / ketumAlastathaivAnyaH sAdhuceSTo'bhavanRpaH // 2/1/17 // jambUdvIpa vibhAgAMzca teSAM vipra ! pitrA dattaM himAhvaM tu varSaM nAbhestu himAhvayaM tu vai varSaM tasyarSabho'bhavatputro merudevyAM abhiSicya sutaM vIraM tapase sa mahAbhAgaH a0 4 / pra0 1 nAbherAsInmahAtmanaH / * nizAmaya / dakSiNam // 2/1/18 // RSabhAdbharato jajJe jyeSThaH putrazatasya saH / kRtvA rAjyaM svadharmeNa tatheSTvA vividhaanmkhaan|| 2/1/28 // mhaadyutiH|| 2/1/27 // bharataM pRthivIpatiH / pulasyAzramaM yayau // 2/1/29 // vAnaprasthavidhAnena tatrApi kRtanizcayaH / tapastepe yathAnyAyamiyAja sa mahIpatiH // 2/1/30 // tapasA karSito'tyarthaM kRzo dhamanisantataH / nagno vITAM mukhe kRtvA vIrAdhvAnaM tato gataH // 2/1/31 // tatazca bhArataM varSametallokeSu gIyate / bharatAya yataH pitrA dattaM prAtiSThatA vanam // 2 / 1 / 32 // anuvAda zrI maitreya bole 44 ' (he bhagavan!) svAyambhuvamanu ke jo priyavrata aura uttAnapAda do putra the, unameM uttAnapAda ke putra dhruva ke viSaya meM to Apane batalA diyA, kintu he dvija ! Apane priyavrata kI santAna ke viSaya meM kucha bhI nahIM khaa| maiM usake bAre meM sunanA cAhatA hU~, ataH Apa prasanna hokara kahie / " zrI parAzara bole For Personal & Private Use Only "priyavrata ne kardama kI putrI se vivAha kiyA thA / usase unake samrAT aura kukSi nAma kI do kanyAe~ tathA dasa putra hue| priyavrata ke putra bar3e buddhimAn, balavAn,

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a04 / pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 265 vinayasampanna aura mAtA-pitA ke atyanta priya the| unake nAma suniye, ve isa prakAra haiM-AgnIdhra, agnibAhu, vapuSmAn, dyutimAn medhA, medhAtithi, bhavya, savana, putra aura jyotissmaan| priyavrata ke ye putra apane bala-parAkrama ke kAraNa vikhyAta the| inameM medhA, agnibAhu aura putra, ye tIna yogaparAyaNa tathA apane pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta jAnanevAle the| inakI ruci rAjya meM nahIM thii| ye nirmalacitta, karmaphala kI icchA se rahita tathA samasta viSayoM meM nyAyAnukUla pravRtti karanevAle the| "he munizreSTha! rAjA priyavrata ne apane zeSa sAta sumahAtmA putroM ko sAta dvIpa bA~Ta diye| AgnIdhra ko jambUdvIpa aura medhAtithi ko plakSa nAma kA dUsarA dvIpa diyA, zAlmalIdvIpa meM vapuSmAn ko abhiSikta kiyA, jyotiSmAn ko kuzadvIpa kA rAjA banAyA, dyutimAn ko krauJcadvIpa kA zAsana sauMpA, bhavya ko zAkadvIpa kA svAmitva pradAna kiyA aura savana ko puSkaradvIpa kA adhipati bnaayaa| "he munisattama! unameM jo jambUdvIpa ke adhIzvara AgnIdhra the, unake prajApati ke samAna nau putra hue : nAbhi, kimpuruSa, harivarSa, ilAvRta, ramya, hiraNvAn , kuru, bhadrAzva aura ketumaal| he vipra! aba unake lie jambUdvIpa ke jo vibhAga kiye gaye, unheM suno| pitA (agnIdhra) ne dakSiNa kI ora kA himavarSa (jise aba bhAratavarSa kahate haiM) nAbhi ko diyaa|--- "jina nAbhi ko himavarSa diyA gayA thA, unake marudevI se mahAdyutimAn RSabha nAmaka putra hue| RSabha ke sau putra hue, jinameM bharata jyeSTha the| pRthivIpati RSabhadeva ne dharmapUrvaka rAjyazAsana kiyA tathA vividha yajJa sampanna kiye, pazcAt apane vIra putra bharata kA rAjyabhiSeka kara tapa karane ke lie pulahAzrama cale gye| unhoMne vahA~ bhI vAnaprasthavidhi se rahate hue tapa evaM yajJAnuSThAna kiye| tapa se sUkhakara ve itane kRza ho gaye ki zarIra kI dhamaniyA~ dikhAyI dene lgiiN| anta meM apane mukha meM eka patthara kI baTiyA rakhakara nagnAvasthA meM pravrajita ho gye|" "yataH pitA RSabhadeva ne vana jAte samaya apane himavarSa kA rAjya bharata ko pradAna kiyA thA, ataH taba se yaha himavarSa bhAratavarSa ke nAma se prasiddha huaa|"16 'manusmRti' (1/63) meM manuoM kI saMkhyA caudaha 17 batalAyI gayI hai| unameM svAyaMbhuva manu prathama manu the| manusmRti (1/79) ke anusAra eka manu kA kAla (manvantara) 16. liMgapurANa (47/19-25) evaM zrImadbhAgavatamahApurANa (5/4/ vAkya 8-9) meM bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke jyeSThaputra bharata ke nAma se hI 'bhAratavarSa' nAma pracalita hone kA varNana hai| 17. 1. svAyaMbhuva, 2.svArociSa, 3.auttami, 4.tAmasa, 5.raivata, 6.cAkSuSa, 7.vaivasvata, 8.sAvarNi, 9.dakSasAvarNi, 10.brahmasAvarNi, 11.dharmasAvarNi, 12.rudrasAvarNi, 13. raucyadaivasAvarNi, aura 14. indrsaavrnni| (vAmana zivarAma ApTe : saMskRta-hindI koza / 'mnuH')| For Personal & Private Use Only

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266 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 manuSyoM ke tetAlIsa lAkha, bIsa hajAra (43,20,000) varSoM kA hotA hai| isI ko brahmA kA 1/14 dina mAnate haiM, kyoMki isa prakAra ke 14 kAloM kA yoga brahmA kA eka pUrA dina hotA hai| ina caudaha kAloM meM se pratyeka kA adhiSThAtR-manu pRthakpRthak hai| isa prakAra ke chaha kAla bIta cuke haiN| isa samaya hama sAtaveM manvantara meM raha rahe haiN|8 isase phalita hotA hai ki vaidika (hindU) zAstroM ke anusAra prathama svAyaMbhuva-manvantara meM utpanna prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva Aja se lagabhaga (43,20,00046 = 2,59,20,000) DhAI karor3a varSa pahale hue the| ve vAtarazana-zramaNadharma (digambaramunidharma) ke upadezaka the|19 isase siddha hotA hai ki digambara jaina-paramparA vaidika mAnyatA ke anusAra bhI kama se kama DhAI karor3a varSa prAcIna hai| 10.2. digambarajainadharma viSNupurANakAra ke samaya se atiprAcIna yadyapi viSNupurANakAra ne likhA hai ki RSabhadeva nagnAvasthA meM pravrajita hue the, tathApi ve isa tathya se anabhijJa the ki RSabhadeva hI jainadharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara the athavA yadi ve isa tathya ko jAnate the, to unhoMne jAnabUjhakara isakI upekSA kI hai aura vaidika dharma ke atirikta anya bhAratIya dharmoM ko adharma siddha karane ke lie jainadharma aura bauddhadharma ko 'mAyAmoha' arthAt ajJAna yA avidyA-janita darzAte hue apane anuyAyiyoM kI rakSA karane meM asamartha batalayA hai| viSNupurANa (aMza 3/adhyAya 16,17,18) meM muni parAzara aura ziSya maitreya ke saMvAda dvArA jainadharma, bauddhadharma aura cArvAkamata kI utpatti isa prakAra batalAyI gayI hai parAzara muni maitreya ko gRhastha ke sadAcAra kA upadeza dete hue kahate haiM ki napuMsaka, apaviddha (satpuruSoM dvArA bahiSkRta), cANDAla, zvAna, nagna, rajasvalA strI Adi kI dRSTi par3a jAne para devagaNa tathA pitRgaNa zrAddha meM apanA bhAga nahIM lete, ataH kisI ghire hue sthAna meM zrAddhakarma karanA caahie|20 isa para maitreya prazna karate haiM-"bhagavan! apaviddha aura rajasvalA Adi ko to maiM acchI taraha jAnatA hU~ , kintu yaha nahIM jAnatA ki 'nagna' kise kahate haiM? ataH Apa yahI batalAiye ki nagna kauna kahalAtA hai?" taba mani parAzara uttara dete haiM"he dvija! sabhI vargoM kI nagnatA ko Rk, sAma aura yajuH, yaha vedatrayI AvRta karatI hai, ataH jo puruSa moha se isakA tyAga kara detA hai, vaha 'nagna' saMjJA prApta karatA hai" 18. dekhie , vhii| 19. dekhiye, agalA zIrSaka 15 'bhAgavatapurANa (600 I.) meM vAtarazana zramaNa, ggnpridhaan|' 20. viSNupurANa / aMza 3/adhyAya 16/ zloka 12-14 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 4 / pra0 1 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 267 RgyajussAmasaMjJeyaM trayI etAmujjhati yo mohAtsa nagnaH isake bAda parAzara muni maitreya ko 'nagna' ke viSaya meM vaha bAta sunAte haiM, jo parAzara muni ke pitAmaha vaziSTha ne bhISma se kahI thii| ve kahate haiM ki pUrvakAla meM kisI samaya sau divya varSa taka devoM aura asuroM meM yuddha huA / usameM 'hrAda' Adi daityoM dvArA devagaNa parAjita hue / taba unhoMne bhagavAn viSNu kI stuti kii| usase prasanna hokara unhoMne darzana diye| devoM ne bhagavAn se prArthanA kI, ki 'hrAda' prabhRti daityoM ne brahmAjI kI AjJA kA bhI ullaMghana kara hamAre aura trilokI ke yajJabhAga kA apaharaNa kara liyA hai| ve varNadharma kA pAlana karanevAle, vedamArgAvalambI evaM taponiSTha haiM, ataH hamAre dvArA unakA vadha nahIM ho sktaa| isalie bhagavan ! aisA koI upAya batalAiye ki hama unakA vadha karane meM samartha hoM / unake aisA kahane para bhagavAn viSNu ne apane zarIra se mAyAmoha ko utpanna kiyA aura devatAoM ko dekara kahA ki yaha mAyAmoha una sampUrNa daityoM ko mohita kara degA, jisase ve vedamArga se cyuta ho jaaveNge| taba tuma unake vadha meM samartha ho jAoge / 21 varNAvRtirdvija / pAtakI dvijaH // 3/17/5 // mAyAmoha devoM ke sAtha narmadA taTa para gayA, jahA~ asuragaNa tapasyA kara rahe the| usane digambarajaina muni kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA arthAt nagnazarIra, muNDitakeza aura hAtha meM mayUrapicchI liye hue prakaTa huA aura asuroM se bolA - " he daityapatiyo ! Apa loga laukika phala kI icchA se tapa kara rahe haiM yA pAralaukika ?"-- tato digambaro muNDo barhipicchadharo dvija / mAyAmoho'surAn zlakSNamidaM he daityapatayo brUta yadarthaM aihikaM vAtha pAratryaM tapasaH vcnmbrviit|| 3/18/2 // tapyate tapaH / phalamicchatha // 3/18/3 // asura bole - " hama loga pAralaukika phala kI kAmanA se tapa kara rahe haiN|" taba digambara jaina - munivezadhArI mAyAmoha ne aneka prakAra ke yuktimaya upadeza dekara unheM vaidika mArga se cyuta kara diyaa| ve upadeza isa prakAra the - " yaha dharma kA kAraNa hai aura akAraNa bhI hai, yaha sad bhI hai aura asad bhI, yaha mukti kA mArga hai aura nahIM bhI hai, yaha paramArtha hai aura aparamArtha bhI hai, yaha karttavya bhI hai aura akarttavya bhI, yaha aisA hI hai aura aisA nahIM bhI hai, yaha digambaroM kA dharma hai aura yaha vastradhAriyoM kaa|" mAyAmoha ne aise aneka prakAra ke anekAntavAda darzAye, jisase daityoM ne apanA vaidikadharma chor3a diyaa| usane daityoM se kahA ki Apa loga isa mahAdharma ko 'arhata' 21. viSNupurANa / aMza 3 / adhyAya 17 / zloka 7-42 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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268 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/ pra01 kareM arthAt isakA Adara kareM, ataH isa dharma kA avalambana karane se ve 'Ahata' khlaaye| isake bAda unhoMne anya daityoM ko isa dharma meM pravRtta kiyA, aura anya daityoM ne anyoM ko| isa prakAra thor3e hI dinoM meM daityoM ne vedatrayI kA prAyaH tyAga kara diyA evaM prkaarairbhubhiryuktidrshncrcitaiH| mAyAmohena te daityA vedmaargaadpaakRtaaH|| 3/18/8 // dharmAyaitadadharmAya sadetanna sditypi| vimuktaye tvidaM naitadvimuktiM smprycchti||3/18/9|| paramArtho'yamatyarthaM paramArtho na caapyym| kAryametadakAryaM ca naitadevaM sphuTaM tvidm|| 3/2/10 // digvAsasAmayaM dharmo dharmo'yaM bhuvaassaam|| 3/18/11 // ityanekAntavAdaM ca mAyAmohena naikdhaa| tena darzayatA daityAH svadharmaM tyAjitA dvij|| 3/18/12 // arhataitaM mahAdharma mAyAmohena te ytH| proktAstamAzritA dharmamArhatAstena te'bhvn|| 3/18/13 // isake bAda mAyAmoha ne raktavastra dhAraNakara arthAt bauddha banakara anya asuroM ko bauddha dharma grahaNa karAyA punazca raktAmbaradhRG mAyAmoho jitendriyH| anyAnAhAsurAn gatvA mRdvlpmdhuraakssrm|| 3/18/16 // svargArthaM yadi vo vAJchA nirvaannaarthmthaasuraaH| tadalaM pshughaataadidussttdhmrnibodht|| 3/18/17 // vijnyaanmymevaitdshessmvgcchNt| budhyadhvaM me vacaH smygbudhairevmihoditm|| 3/18/18 // mAyAmoha ne kaI asuroM ko cArvAkamata meM bhI dIkSita kiyA, jisase ve vedavirodhI bAteM karane lge| jaise, yadi anekoM yajJoM ke dvArA devatva-lAbha karake indra ko zamI Adi kASTha kA hI bhojana karanA par3atA hai, to isase to patte khAnevAlA pazu hI acchA hai| yadi yajJa meM bali kiye gaye pazu ko svarga kI prApti hotI hai, to yajamAna apane pitA ko hI kyoM nahIM mAra DAlatA? Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 269 yajJairanekairdevatvamavApyendreNa bhujyte| zamyAdi yadi cetkASThaM tadvaraM ptrbhukpshuH|| 3/18/26 // nihatasya pazoryajJe svrgpraaptirydiissyte| svapitA yajamAnena kinnu tasmAnna hnyte|| 3/18/28 // isa prakAra daityoM ke viparItamArga meM pravRtta ho jAne para devagaNa acchI taiyArI karake unake pAsa yuddha ke lie upasthita hue aura punaH devAsurasaMgrAma huA, jisameM daityagaNa devatAoM ke dvArA mAre gye| viSNupurANa ke uparyukta zlokoM meM 'digambara', 'muNDa', 'mayUrapicchadhArI', 'digvAsasoM kA dharma' tathA 'anekAntavAda' Adi zabdoM ke prayoga se spaSTa hai ki purANakAra ne digambarajaina muni kA varNana kiyA hai| yadyapi mAyAmoha dvArA daityoM ko jainadharma aura bauddhadharma meM dIkSita kiye jAne kI kathA kalpita hai, kyoMki bauddhadharma devAsurasaMgrAma ke samaya meM thA hI nahIM, tathApi yaha kalpanA tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI I0 meM race gaye viSNupurANa ke racayitA ne kI hai, isase spaSTa hai ki ye dharma purANakAra ke samaya se itane adhika prAcIna the ki usane devAsurasaMgrAma ke samaya meM bhI bauddhadharma kA astitva mAna liyaa| digambara jainadharma to bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke yuga se calA A rahA thA, ataH usameM daityoM ke dIkSita kiye jAne kI kalpanA asaMgata siddha nahIM hotii| 11 mudrArAkSasa nATaka (400-500 I0) meM kSapaNaka, bIbhatsadarzana 'mudrArAkSasa' saMskRta sAhitya kA eka prasiddha nATaka hai| isake racayitA vizAkhadatta haiN| vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya cauthI zatAbdI I0 kA uttarArdha aura pA~cavI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha batalAyA hai|23 nATaka meM nandavaMza kA anta hone para usake 'rAkSasa' nAmaka yogya amAtya ko cANakya dvArA candragupta kA amAtya banAye jAne ke prayatna kI kathA varNita hai| isameM cANakya apane induzarmA nAmaka sahapAThI ko kSapaNaka (digambarajaina muni) kA veza dhAraNa karAkara jIvasiddhi nAma se guptacara kA kAma karAtA hai| vaha amAtya rAkSasa kA chadma-mitra bana jAtA hai| caturtha aMka meM vaha amAtya rAkSasa se milane jAtA hai| amAtya rAkSasa ko dvArapAla sUcanA detA hai ki jyotiSI kSapaNaka dvAra para pratIkSA kara rahe haiN| vaidika sampradAya meM sAmpradAyika kAraNa se kSapaNaka (nagna jaina muni) ke darzana azubha mAne jAte the| 22. viSNupurANa / aMza 3/ adhyAya 18/ zloka 33-34 / 23. DaoN. rAdhAvallabha tripAThI : saMskRta sAhitya kA abhinava itihAsa/pR. 285 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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270 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 ataH amAtya rAkSasa apazakuna kA bhAva prakaTa karate hue (Atmagatam , animittaM sUcayitvA) mana meM kahatA hai 'kathaM prathamameva kSapaNakaH?' (kyA zurU meM hI kSapaNaka A gayA?) phira prakaTarUpa se dvArapAla ko Adeza detA hai-'abIbhatsadarzanaM kRtvA pravezaya' (bIbhatsarUpa ko DhaMkakara bhItara le jaao)| bhAva yaha hai ki nagna rahane ke kAraNa digambarajaina muni kA rUpa jainetaroM ko bIbhatsa lagatA hai, isalie amAtya rAkSasa dvArapAla ko Adeza detA hai ki vaha kSapaNaka ko vastra se AcchAdita karake bhItara le aave| kSapaNaka maMca para praveza karake nimnalikhita gAthA par3hatA hai sAsaNamalihantANaM paDivajaha mohvaahivejaannN| je muttamAttakaDuaM pacchA patthaM uvdisnti|| 4/18 // anuvAda-"ajJAnarUpI roga kA upacAra karanevAle arahantoM ke upadeza ko svIkAra karo, jo kSaNa bhara ke lie kaDuvA, parantu bAda meM hitakArI hotA hai|" vaha paMcama aMka meM arahantoM ko praNAma karatA hai alahantANaM paNamAmi je de gaMbhIladAe buddhiie| louttalehiM loe siddhiM maggehiM gcchndi||5/2|| anuvAda-"maiM arahantoM ko praNAma karatA hU~ , jo apanI buddhi (jJAna) kI gambhIratA ke kAraNa alaukika mArgoM ke dvArA mokSa prApta karate haiN|" isase siddha hotA hai ki caturtha zatAbdI I0 meM jainetara samAja digambarajaina muniyoM evaM unake dharma se suparicita thA aura 'mudrArAkSasa' nATaka ke racayitA vizAkhadatta svIkAra karate the ki I0 pU0 cauthI zatAbdI meM candragupta aura cANakya ke samaya digambarajaina muniyoM kA astitva thaa| isa prakAra jainetara bhAratIya sAhitya aura sAhityakAra isa bAta ke gavAha haiM ki digambara jaina paramparA I0 pU0 caturtha zatAbdI ke pahale se calI A rahI hai| vAyupurANa (500 I0) meM nagna, nirgrantha purANoM para mahattvapUrNa zodhakArya karane vAle zrI Ara0 sI0 hAjarA ne vAyupurANa kA racanAkAla pA~cavI zatAbdI I0 nirdhArita kiyA hai|4 yaha zaiva purANa hai| isameM 24. vahI / pR.77| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 271 gupta rAjAoM kA varNana hai|5 isameM kahA gayA hai ki zrAddhakarma ko nagnAdi na dekha pAveM, nahIM to zrAddha kI vastue~ na to pitaroM ko prApta hotI haiM, na pitAmahoM ko nagnAdayo na pazyeyuH zrAddhamevaM vyvsthitm| gacchanti taistairdRSTAni na pitRRnna pitaamhaan||26 isa para zaMyu prazna karate haiM ki nagnAdi kauna haiM? taba bRhaspati uttara dete haiM ------------------------------- / yadvizrAdhakanirgranthAH zaktyA jIvanti krpttaaH|| ye dharmaM nAnuvartante te vai nagnAdayo jnaaH| --------------------- // anuvAda-"jo zrAddhAdi kAryoM kA virodha karanevAle aura vaidika dharma kA anusaraNa na karanevAle nirgrantha (digambarajaina muni) Adi haiM, ve nagnAdi kahalAte haiN|" isa pramANa se digambarajainamata pA~cavI zatAbdI I0 se pUrvavartI siddha hotA hai| --------- varAhamihira-bRhatsaMhitA (490 I0) meM nagna, digvAsas , nirgrantha prasiddha jyotiSa zAstrI varAhamihira kA sthitikAla vidvAnoM ne 490 I. ke lagabhaga mAnA hai|28 unhoMne apane grantha bRhatsaMhitA ke pratiSThApanAdhyAya meM likhA hai viSNorbhAgavatAn magAMzca savituH zambhoH sabhasmadvijAn mAtRNAmapi maNDalakramavido viprAn vidurbrhmnnH| zAkyAn sarvahitasya zAntamanaso nagnAn jinAnAM vidu rye yaM devamupAzritAH svavidhinA taistasya kAryAH kriyaaH|| 60 // 29 anuvAda-"bhAgavata viSNu ke, maga sUrya ke, bhasmAJcita dvija zambhu ke, mAtRmaNDalavettA mAtAoM ke, vipra brahmA ke, zAkya buddha ke aura nagna 'jina' ke upAsaka yA pratiSThApaka hote haiN| ataH jo jisa deva ke upAsaka haiM, ve apanI-apanI vidhi se usakI pratiSThAdi kriyAe~ kreN|" 25. vahI / pR.81| 26. vAyupurANa 78/24 / 27. vahI / 78 / 30-31 / 28. DaoN. baladeva upAdhyAya : saMskRtasAhitya kA itihAsa / pR.506 / 29. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / pUrvapIThikA / pR.472| For Personal & Private Use Only

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272 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 varAhamihira ne uparyukta adhyAya meM yaha bhI likhA hai AjAnulambabAhuH shriivtsaangkprshaantmuurtishc| digvAsAstaruNo rUpavAMzca kAryo'rhatAM devH|| 45 // 30 anuvAda-"ArhatoM ke deva kI pratimA ke donoM bAhu jAnuparyanta hone cAhiye, vakSasthala para zrIvatsa kA cihna aMkita kiyA jAnA cAhiye, mukhamudrA prazAnta ho tathA zarIra nagna, taruNa evaM rUpavAn honA caahie|" varAhamihira ne bRhajjAtaka meM pravrajyAyoga batalAte hue jina sAta prakAra ke sAdhuoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM : zAkya, AjIvika, bhikSu, vRddha , caraka, nirgrantha aura vanyAzana (tApasa)-"zAkyAjIvikabhikSuvRddhacarakA nirgranthavanyAzanAH" (15/1)31 isakI TIkA meM bhaTTotpala (I0 950) ne 'nirgrantha' kA artha 'nagnakSapaNaka' kiyA hai-"nirgrantho nagnaH kSapaNakaH praavrnnrhitH|"32 . ina ullekhoM meM varAhamihira ne jinendradeva ke upAsakoM ko nagna, Arhata aura nirgrantha kahA hai| isase siddha hai ki digambarajaina-paramparA pA~cavI zatAbdI I0 ke pUrva vidyamAna thI aura varAhamihira ke kAla meM 'nirgrantha' zabda 'nagna' artha kA vAcaka thaa| 14 uttarabhArata meM jaina nAma se digambara hI sarvAdhika prasiddha eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki varAhamihira ko zvetAmbarasAhitya meM niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu kA bhrAtA mAnA gayA hai,33 kintu varAhamihira ne kevala nagnoM ko hI jinoM kA upAsaka batalAyA hai, zvetapaToM ko nahIM, jaisA ki uparyukta zloka ke 'nagnAn jinAnAM viduH' ina vacanoM se jJAta hotA hai| unhoMne pUrvokta 'bRhajjAtaka' (15/1) meM zAkya, AjIvika, bhikSu , vRddha, caraka, nirgrantha aura vanyAzana (tApasa), ina sAta prakAra ke sAdhuoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura 'laghujAtaka' meM inhIM kA nAmAntara se kathana nimnalikhita zloka meM kiyA hai taaps-vRddhshraavk-rktpttaajiivi-bhikssu-crkaannaam| nirgranthAnAM cArkAt parAjitaiH prcyutirblbhiH|| 12/12 // 34 30. vahI / pR. 473 / 31. vahI / pR. 471 / 32. vahI / pR. 473 / 33. zrI devendramunizAstrI : jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA / pR. 437 / 34. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina sAhitya kA itihasa / pUrvapIThikA / pR. 472 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra0 1 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 273 isI zloka kI TIkA meM ina saptavidha sAdhuoM kA varNana nimnalikhita nAmoM se kiyA gayA hai vAnaprastho'tha kApAlI bauddhaH syAdekadaNDinaH / tridaNDI yogino nagnaH pravrajyArkAditaH kramAt // 35 yahA~ tApasa ko vAnaprastha, vRddhazrAvaka ko kApAlika, raktapaTa ko bauddha, ko ekadaNDI, bhikSu ko tridaNDI, caraka ko yogI aura nirgrantha ko nagna zabda se vivecita kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki varAhamihira ko 'nirgrantha' zabda se bhI 'nagna (digambara) jaina sAdhu' artha hI abhipreta thA / yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki zvetAmbarasAhitya meM varAhamihira ko zvetAmbarAcArya bhadrabAhu (niryuktikAra) kA kaniSTha bhrAtA mAnA gayA hai, kintu varAhamihira ne kevala nagnoM ko hI 'jina' kA upAsaka kahA hai, zvetapaToM ko nahIM, tathA unhoMne 'nirgrantha' 'nagna' aura 'raktapaTa' zabdoM kA prayoga to kiyA hai, kintu zvetapaTa' yA 'sitAmbara' zabda kahIM bhI prayukta nahIM kiyaa| isake atirikta samasta vaidika, bauddha evaM saMskRta sAhitya meM jainasAdhu ke rUpa meM nirgranthoM, kSapaNakoM, digvAsasoM aura vAtarazanoM kA jitanA adhika ullekha huA hai, utanA zvetapaToM, sitAmbaroM yA zvetAmbaroM kA nahIM huA / isase hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki prAcInakAla meM dakSiNabhArata kI taraha uttarabhArata meM bhI digambara sAdhu hI jainasAdhu ke rUpa meM sarvAdhika prasiddha the / 15 bhAgavatapurANa (600 I0) meM vAtarazana zramaNa, gaganaparidhAna purANa - vizeSajJa zrI Ara0 sI0 hAjarA ne bhAgavatapurANa kA racanAkAla 600 I0 ke lagabhaga Akalita kiyA hai / 35 yaha vaidika paramparA kA sarvAdhika prasiddha purANa hai / " vaiSNava dharma ke anuyAyI ise pA~cavA~ veda hI mAnate haiM / kavitA aura darzana kA durlabha maNikAMcanayoga isa purANa meM huA hai / yaha cintana, pANDitya aura kAvya kI kasauTI mAnA gayA hai| kahA bhI hai- " vidyAvatAM bhAgavate parIkSA" arthAt vidvAnoM kI parIkSA bhAgavata meM hIM hai| viSNu ke avatAroM kA varNana karate hue bhAgavatakAra ne sAMkhya ke pravartaka kapilamuni tathA gautama buddha ko bhI unake avatAroM meM nirUpita karake dharma ke sambandha meM samanvaya kI dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| paMcama skandha meM RSabhadeva 35. DaoN. rAdhAvallabha tripAThI / saMskRtasAhitya kA abhinava itihAsa / pR.77 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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274 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 1 aura jar3abharata kA caritra atyanta preraNAspada hai| bhAgavata ke dasaveM aura gyArahaveM skandha zrIkRSNa kI lIlAoM ke varNana ke lie prasiddha tathA atyanta lokapriya rahe haiM / 36 yaha pUrva ( zIrSaka 1) meM kahA jA cukA hai ki bhAgavatapurANa ke varNanAnusAra bhagavAn viSNu ne rAjA nAbhi kA priya karane ke lie mahArAnI merudevI ke garbha meM RSabhadeva ke rUpa meM avatAra liyA thA, jisakA uddezya thA vAtarazana - zramaNa - RSiyoM ke dharma (digambara jainadharma) ko prakaTa karanA "barhiSi tasminneva viSNudatta ! bhagavAn paramarSibhiH prasAdito nAbheH priyacikIrSayA tadavarodhAyane merudevyAM dharmAn darzayitukAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAmRSINAmUrdhvamanthinAM zuklayA tanvAvatatAra / " (bhA.pu./5/3/20/pR.207-208) / bhAgavatapurANa kA yaha bhI kathana hai ki RSabhadeva ne mahAmuniyoM ko bhaktijJAnavairAgyarUpa pAramahaMsya dharma kI zikSA dene ke lie apane jyeSTha putra bharata kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara svayaM ghara meM hI samasta parigraha kA tyAga kara diyA aura unmatta ke samAna nagna ho gaye, kezoM kA saMskAra karanA chor3a diyA, jisase ve astavyasta ho gaye aura isI hAlata meM brahmAvarta se cala par3e "mahAmunInAM bhaktijJAnavairAgyalakSaNaM pAramahaMsyadharmamupazikSamANaH svatanayazatajyeSThaM paramabhAgavataM bhagavajjanaparAyaNaM bharataM dharaNipAlanAyAbhiSicya svayaM bhavana evorvarita - zarIramAtraparigraha unmatta iva gaganaparidhAnaH prakIrNakeza AtmanyAropitAhavanIyo brahmAvartAt pravavrAja / " (bhA.pu./5/3/28 / pR. 211) / isa taraha bhAgavatapurANa meM bhI RSabhadeva ko digambarajaina muniyoM ke hI dharma kA pravartaka batalAyA hai, zvetAmbarajaina muniyoM ke dharma kA nahIM / arthAt unhoMne ekAntataH vAtarazana (nagna) muniyoM ke hI dharma kA pravartana kiyA thA, celarazana (savastra) muniyoM ke dharma kA apavAda rUpa se bhI pravartana nahIM kiyA aura 600 I0 ke bhAgavatapurANakAra ne RSabhadeva ko hI digambarajainadharma kA praNetA kahA hai, AcArya kundakunda ko nhiiN| isase siddha hai ki digambarajaina- paramparA bhAgavata purANa ke racanAkAla se bhI bahuta pUrvavartI hai, utanI hI pUrvavartI jitanI bhAgavatapurANa ke racayitA ne batalAyI hai aura jainapurANa bhI batalAte haiM arthAt RSabhadevakAlIna / tathA bhAgavata ke anusAra RSabhadeva 'svAyambhuva' nAma ke prathama manu kI pA~cavI pIr3hI meM (svAyambhuvamanu, priyavrata, AgnIdhra, nAbhi aura RSabha) hue the / ataH manvantara - kAlagaNanA ke anusAra digambarajainaparamparA kama se kama DhAI karor3a varSa prAcIna siddha hotI hai, yaha pUrva meM darzAyA jA cukA hai| (dekhiye, zIrSaka 10.1) / punaH bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA janma brahmAvarta meM huA thA, 36. vahI / pR. 80 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 4 / pra0 1 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 275 na ki dakSiNApatha meM, isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki digambarajaina - paramparA kA janma uttarabhArata meM hI huA thA, dakSiNabhArata meM nhiiN| isa prakAra 'zrImadbhAgavatamahApurANa' digambarajainaparamparA kI RSabhayugIna prAcInatA ko pramANita karane vAlA mahattvapUrNa vaidika grantha hai / 16 RSabhadeva kA vaidikadhArA para prabhAva viSNupurANa aura bhAgavatapurANa se eka aura mahattvapUrNa tathya sAmane AtA hai| vaha yaha ki viSNupurANa ke anusAra mAyAmoha ne aura bhAgavatapurANa ke anusAra RSabhadeva ne ekamAtra nagnamuni - mArga kA hI pravartana kiyA thA, nagna aura anagna ( acela aura sacela) donoM prakAra ke munimArgoM kA nahIM / vaidika RSiyoM ne bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva se digambara - munimArga kI hI zikSA grahaNa kI thii| yaha bAta bhAgavatapurANa evaM upaniSadoM se pramANita hotI hai| bhAgavatapurANa ke pUrvoddhRta vAkyoM meM kahA gayA hai ki viSNu ke avatAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne pAramahaMsya dharma kI zikSA dI thI, jo bhaktijJAnavairAgyasvarUpa hai| pUrvoddhRta vAkyoM meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn viSNu ne vAtarazana (digambara) RSiyoM ke dharma kA upadeza dene ke lie RSabhadeva ke rUpa meM avatAra liyA thaa| isase siddha hai ki pAramahaMsya dharma meM digambaratva kI pradhAnatA hai / paramahaMsasAdhu kI antima avasthA avadhUta-avasthA hai, jisameM vaha jar3a ke samAna, andhe - gU~ge aura bahire ke samAna tathA pizAca ke samAna unmAdaka sA ho jAtA hai| bhAgavatapurANa ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva isa avasthA meM pahu~ca gaye the "jaDAndha-mUkabadhirapizAconmAdakavadavadhUtaveSo'bhibhASyamANo'pi janAnAM gRhItamaunavratastUSNIM babhUva / ' (bhA.pu. /5/5/29/pR. 211) / jar3a ke samAna ho jAne kA artha hai sAMsArika padArthoM ke prati pratikriyArahita ho jAnA, vItarAga ho jAnA, unase sukha - duHkha kA anubhava na karanA / mUka ke samAna ho jAne kA matalaba hai zubhAzubhavacanapravRtti na karanA, andhe hone kA abhiprAya hai cakSuindriya ke viSaya ko dekhakara bhI na dekhanA arthAt usameM rAga-dveSa na karanA, badhira hone se tAtparya hai zrotrendriya ke viSaya ko sunakara bhI na sunanA arthAt usameM Asakta na honA / zarIra se virakta ho jAne ke kAraNa paramahaMsasAdhu na to vastradhAraNa karatA hai, na snAnAdi dvArA zarIra kA saMskAra karatA hai, isalie bAla bikhare rahate haiM, zarIra para maila car3ha jAtA hai, jisase vaha naMgadhar3aMga, maile-kucaile, bIbhatsa rUpa ke kAraNa pAgala (unmata yA pizAcagrasta manuSya) ke samAna lagatA hai| yaha bhI usake avadhUta For Personal & Private Use Only w

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276 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 rUpa kA lakSaNa hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke isa rUpa kA varNana bhAgavatapurANa meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai "parAgavalambamAna-kuTila-jaTila-kapiza-keza-bhUribhAro'vadhUtamalina-nijazarIreNa grahagRhIta ivaadRshyt|" (bhA.pu./5/5/31 / pR. 211) / yadyapi bhagavAn RSabhadeva akhila lokapAlakoM ke AbhUSaNa the, tathApi unake vilakSaNa jar3avat avadhUtIya veza, bhASA aura AcaraNa se unakA bhagavatprabhAva parilakSita nahIM hotA thA "athaivamakhila-lokapAla-lalAmo'pi vilakSaNairjaDavadavadhUtaveSabhASAcaritairavilakSitabhagavatprabhAvo yoginAM sAmparAyavidhimanuzikSayan svakalevaraM jihAsurAtmanyAtmAnamasaMvyavahitamanarthAntarabhAvenAnvIkSamANa uprtaanuvRttiruprraam|" (bhaa.pu./5/6/6/pR.212)| ve bahuta dinoM taka dakSiNa ke karNATaka Adi dezoM meM bikhare hue bAloM-sahita nagna vicaraNa karate rahe-"muktamUrdhajo'saMvIta eva viccaar|" (bhA.pu.5/6/7/pR.212) ise bhAgavatapurANakAra ne jaDayogacaryA kahA hai nAbherasAvRSabha Asa sudevisUnuryo vai cacAra samadRg jddyogcryaam| yatpAramahaMsyamRSayaH padamAmananti svasthaH prazAntakaraNaH primuktsnggH|| 2/7/10 // arthAt bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI uparyukta vItarAga, zarIrAdi se udAsIna, digambaracaryA kA nAma hI pAramahaMsya, avadhUtasaMnyAsa evaM jar3ayoga hai| isake dvArA unheM aneka RddhiyA~ prApta huIM, jaise AkAzagamana, mana ke samAna tIvragati, antardhAna, parakAyApraveza, dUragrahaNa (indriyoM kI sImA se bAhara ke viSaya ko bhI grahaNa karanA) Adi, kintu bhagavAn ne inameM ruci nahIM lii| isake bAda unheM kaivalya evaM paramAnanda kI avasthA prApta ho gaI "iti nAnAyogacaryAcaraNo bhagavAn kaivalyapatirRSabho'virataparama-mahAnandAnubhava Atmani sarveSAM bhUtAnAmAtmabhUte bhagavati vAsudeva Atmano'vyavadhAnAnantarodarabhAvena siddhasamastArthaparipUrNo yogaizvaryANi vaihAyasamanojavAntardhAna-parakAyapraveza-dUragrahaNAdIni yadRcchayopagatAni nAJjasA nRpa hRdyenaabhynndt|" (bhA.pu./5/5/35/pR.211-212) / - bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke sau putra the, jinameM jyeSTha putra kA nAma bharata thaa| unhIM ke nAma se isa deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa par3A-"yeSAM khalu mahAyogI bharato jyeSThaH zreSThaguNa AsIdyenedaM varSa bhAratamiti vypdishnti|" (bhA.pu./5/4/9/ pR.208)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 277 bharata bhI mahAyogI the| unhoMne bhI jar3ayoga, pAramahaMsya athavA avadhUta-saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA thA, isalie ve jar3abharata khlaaye|37 upaniSadoM meM unheM ATha paramahaMsasaMnyAsiyoM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai-"atha paramahaMsA nAma sNvrtkaarunni-shvetketujddbhrt-dttaatrey-shuk-vaamdev-haariitkprbhRtyo'ssttau|"38 17 jAbAlopaniSad meM digambarajaina-munidharmavat pAramahaMsyadharma bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne jisa digambarajainamuni-dharmarUpa pAramahaMsyadharma kI zikSA dI thI usakA svarUpa jAbAlopaniSad meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| vaha prAyaH digambara jaina zAstroM meM varNita digambarajaina-munidharma se milatA hai| pAribhASika zabdAvalI bhI vahI kI vahI hai| yathA "tatra paramahaMsA nAma saMvartakAruNi-zvetaketu-durvAsa-Rbhu-nidAgha-jaDabharatadattAtreya-raivataka-prabhRtayo'vyaktaliGgA avyaktAcArA anunmattA unmattavadAcarantastridaNDaM kamaNDalaM. zikyaM. pAtraM, jalapavitraM, zikhAM, yajJopavItaM cetyetat sarvaM bhUH svAhetyapsu prityjyaa-tmaanmnvicchet| yathAjAtarUpadharo nirgrantho niSparigrahastattadbrahmamArge samyaksampannaH zuddha-mAnasaH prANasandhAraNArthaM yathoktakAle vimukto bhaikSamAcarannudarapAtreNa lAbhAlAbhayoH samobhUtvA zUnyAgAra-devagRha-tRNakUTa-valmIka-vRkSamUlakulAlazAlAgnihotragRha-nadI-pulina-girikuhara-kandara-koTara-nirjhara-sthaNDileSu teSvaniketavAsyaprayatno nirmamaH zukladhyAnaparAyaNo'dhyAtmaniSTho'zubhakarmanirmUlanaparaH saMnyAsena dehatyAgaM karoti sa paramahaMso nAma paramahaMso naameti|" (jAbAlo./IzAdyaSTo./ pR.131)| anuvAda-"saMvartaka, AruNi, zvetaketu, durvAsA, Rbhu, nidAgha, jar3abharata, dattAtreya, raivataka Adi paramahaMsa saMnyAsI haiN| inakA liMga (veza) aura AcAra spaSTa nahIM hotaa| ye vikSipta nahIM hote, lekina vikSiptoM jaisA AcaraNa karate haiM, tridaNDa (paraspara ba~dhe tIna daNDa), kamaNDalu , jholI (zikya), pAtra, pAnI chAnane kA vastra (jalapavitra), zikhA aura yajJopavIta (janeU), ina sabako 'bhUH svAhA' yaha mantra par3hate hue jala meM visarjita kara AtmA kA anveSaNa karate haiN| jo yathAjAtarUpadhArI (janma ke samaya jaisA rUpa hotA hai. vaise rUpa arthAt nagnarUpa kA dhArI), nimrantha (nagna), niSparigraha, brahmamArga meM samyaksampanna aura zuddhamAnasa hotA hai, prANadhAraNa karane ke lie nirdhArita kAla meM bhikSAcaraNa karatA huA udarapAtra meM hI bhojana grahaNa karatA hai, bhikSA mile 37. bhAgavatapurANa / skandha 5 / adhyAya 7-14 / 38. bhikSukopaniSad / IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad / pR. 368 / Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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278 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/ pra01 yA na mile donoM sthitiyoM meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, sUne ghara, devAlaya, tRNakUTa (ghAsaphUsa kI jhopar3I), valmIka, vRkSatala, kulAlazAlA (kumhAra kI dahalAna), agnihotragRha, nadIpulina, parvata kI guphA, kandarA, vRkSa ke koTara, nirjhara yA sthaNDila (yajJabhUmi) meM nivAsa karatA hai, kisI cIja ke prati mamatva nahIM rakhatA, adhyAtmaniSTha hokara zukladhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai aura azubhakarmoM ke nirmUlana kA prayatna karatA huA, saMnyAsa se dehatyAga karatA hai, usa sAdhu kA nAma paramahaMsa hai|" yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya hai ki 'yathAjAtarUpadhara' 'nirgrantha', 'niSparigraha' udarapAtra se AhAragrahaNa, zUnyAgAra, devagRha Adi meM nivAsa, 'zukladhyAna' tathA saMnyAsa se dehatyAga (sallekhanA), ye pAribhASika zabda aura AcAra kevala digambarajaina-munidharma se sambandha rakhate haiM aura digambarajaina-zAstroM meM hI upalabdha hote haiN| 'yathAjAtarUpadhara', 'nirgrantha' aura 'zakladhyAna' to aise zabda haiM. jo 'yoga' ke sabase prAcIna vaidika grantha 'pAtaMjalayogadarzana' meM bhI prayukta nahIM hue haiN| isase siddha hai ki zrImadbhAgavatapurANa aura jAbAlopaniSad meM varNita pAramahaMsyadharma bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke dvArA upadiSTa digambarajaina-munidharma kA hI anukRtarUpa hai| pAramahaMsyadharma kA yaha svarUpa nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad, paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad, turIyAtItopaniSad , saMnyAsopaniSad , yAjJavalkyopaniSad aura bhikSukopaniSad meM bhI milatA hai| paramahaMsopaniSat meM paramahaMsabhikSu ko AkAzAmbara (digambara) kahA gayA hai"sa paramahaMsa AkAzAmbaro, na namaskAro, na svAhAkAro, na nindA, na stutiryAdRcchiko bhavetsa bhikssuH|"(iishaadyssttottrshtopnissd / pR.150)| ___ saMnyAsopaniSad (anuccheda13) meM saMnyAsiyoM ke cAra bheda varNita haiM-"vairAgyasaMnyAsI jJAnasaMnyAsI jJAnavairAgyasaMnyAsI karmasaMnyAsIti caaturvidhymupaagtH|" (IzAdyaSTo./ pR.412)| inameM jo saMnyAsI vairAgyasaMnyAsa aura jJAnasaMnyAsa kA abhyAsa tathA anubhava kara jJAnavairAgyasaMnyAsa ko prApta karane ke lie jAtarUpadhara (nagna) ho jAtA hai vaha jJAnavairAgyasaMnyAsI kahalAtA hai ___"krameNa sarvamabhyasya sarvamanubhUya jJAnavairAgyAbhyAM svarUpAnusandhAnena dehamAtrAvaziSTaH saMnyasya jAtarUpadharo bhavati sa jnyaanvairaagysNnyaasii|" (saMnyAso. / IzAdyaSTo. / 13 / pR.412)| yadyapi kahIM-kahIM paramahaMsa saMnyAsI ke lie kaupInadhAraNa karane kA bhI vikalpa diyA gayA hai, kintu antataH digambara hone kI anivAryatA batalAyI gayI hai| saMnyAsopaniSada For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 279 meM saMnyAsiyoM ke anya chaha bhedoM kA varNana hai-kuTIcaka, bahUdaka, haMsa, paramahaMsa, turIyAtIta aura avdhuut|39 inameM prathama cAra ko kaupInadhArI batalAyA gayA hai aura zeSa do ko digambara,yathA "paramahaMsaH zikhAyajJopavItarahitaH paJcagRheSu karapAtrI ekakaupInadhArI zATImekAmekaM vaiNavaM daNDamekazATIdharo vA bhasmoddhUlanaparaH srvtyaagii| turIyAtIto gomukhavRttyA phalAhArI annAhArI ced gRhatraye dehamAtrAvaziSTo digambaraH kunnpvcchriirvRttikH| avadhUtastvaniyamaH patitAbhizastavarjanapUrvakaM sarvavarNeSvajagaravRttyAhAraparaH svruupaanusndhaanprH|" (sanyAsopaniSad / IzAdyaSTo.13 / pR.413)| nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad (7) meM kahA gayA hai ki kuTIcaka do zATI dhAraNa kare , bahUdaka eka zATI, haMsa eka vastrakhaMDa, paramahaMsa digambara rahe yA eka kaupIna pahane, turIyAtIta aura avadhUta digambara raheM "zATIdvayaM kuTIcakasya, bahUdakasyaikazATI, haMsasya khaNDaM, digambaraM paramahaMsasya ekakaupInaM vA, turiiyaatiitaavdhuutyorjaatruupdhrtvm|" (IzAdyaSTo / pR.278)| paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad meM varNana hai ki jaba alaMbuddhi (paryApta jJAna) ho jAya, taba kuTIcaka, bahUdaka, haMsa athavA paramahaMsa sambandhita-maMtrapUrvaka kaTisUtra, kaupIna, daNDa, kamaMDalu, Adi sabako jala meM visarjita kara jAtarUpadhara (digambara) ho jAya "yadAlambuddhirbhavettadA kuTIcako vA bahUdako vA haMso vA paramahaMso vA tattanmantrapUrvakaM kaTisUtraM kaupInaM daNDaM kamaNDaluM sarvamapsu visRjyAtha jaatruupdhrshcret|" (IzAdyaSTo./ pR.419)| turIyAtItopaniSad meM kuTIcaka avasthA se turIyAtIta aura avadhUta avasthAoM ko prApta karane kA krama isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai ___ "so'yamAdau tAvatkrameNa kuTIcako bahUdakatvaM prApya, bahUdako haMsatvamavalambya, haMsaH paramahaMso bhUtvA svarUpAnusandhAnena sarvaprapaJcaM viditvA daNDakamaNDalu-kaTisUtrakaupInAcchAdanaM svavidhyuktakriyAdikaM sarvamapsu saMnyasya digambaro bhUtvA vivarNajIrNavalkalAjinapari-grahamapi santyajya tadUrdhvamamantravadAcaran kSaurAbhyaGgasnAnordhvapuNDrAdikaM vihAya --- zItoSNa-sukhaduHkhamAnAvamAnaM nirjitya vAsanAtrayapUrvakaM nindAnindAgarvamatsaradambha-darpa-dveSa-kAmakrodhalobhamoha-harSAmarSAsUyAtmasaMrakSaNAdikaM dagdhvA svavapuH kuNapAkAramiva pazyanna-yatnenAniyamena lAbhAlAbhau samau kRtvA govRttyA prANa-saMdhAraNaM 39. "sa saMnyAsaH SaDvidho bhavati kuttiick-bhuudk-hNs-prmhNs-turiiyaatiitaavdhuutaashceti|" saMnyAsopaniSad / anuccheda 13/ IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad / pR. 413 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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280 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra01 kurvan yatprAptaM tenaiva nirlolupaH --- sarvadAnunmatto bAlonmatta-pizAcavadekAkI saJcarannasambhASaNaparaH svarUpadhyAnena nirAlambamavalambya svAtmaniSThAnukUlena sarvaM vismRtya turIyAtItAvadhUtaveSaNAdvaitaniSThAparaH praNavAtmakatvena dehatyAgaM karoti yaH so'vdhuutH| sa kRtakRtyo bhvtiityupnisst|" (IzAdyaSTo./pR. 410) / anuvAda-"sabase pahale kuTIcaka sAdhu bahUdaka avasthA ko prApta kare, phira bahUdaka haMsAvasthA kA avalambana kare, tadanantara haMsa, paramahaMsa avasthA meM phuNce| paramahaMsa hokara svarUpAnusandhAna dvArA sabako prapaMca samajhakara daNDa, kamaMDala, kaTisatra. kaupIna aura AcchAdana, ina saba ko svavidhi ke anusAra jala meM visarjita kara digambara ho jaay| vivarNa jIrNa valkala tathA ajina ke parigraha kA bhI tyAga kara de| tadanantara kSaura, abhyaGga, (telamAliza), snAna, UrdhvapuNDra Adi ko tyAga de tathA zIta-uSNa, sukha-duHkha, mAna-apamAna ko jItakara vAsanAtrayapUrvaka, nindA, anindA, garva, matsara, dambha, darpa, dveSa, kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, harSa, amarSa, asUyA, AtmasaMrakSaNAdi ko dagdha kara apane zarIra ko zava ke samAna samajhatA huA lAbha-alAbha meM samabhAva rakhate hue gocarI dvArA prANadhAraNa kre|---sdaa anunmatta rahe, kintu , unmatta evaM pizAca ke samAna akelA bhramaNa kare aura kisI se bAtacIta na karate hue svarUpa meM lIna hokara saba ko bhUla jaay| isa prakAra turIyAtIta aura avadhUta kA veSa dhAraNakara advaita meM niSThA rakhate hue, oMkAradhvani ke sAtha jo dehatyAga karatA hai vaha 'avadhUta' kahalAtA hai| vahI kRtakRtya hotA hai, yaha upaniSat (Agamavacana) hai|" isa upaniSat se spaSTa hai ki paramahaMsa ko bhI antataH kaupIna kA parityAga karanA par3atA hai aura jaba vaha kaupIna tyAgakara digambara ho jAtA hai, tabhI turIyAtIta evaM avadhUta avasthAoM ko prApta hokara mokSa kA pAtra banatA hai| isa prakAra vaidika saMnyAsamArga meM bhI savastramukti kI vaikalpika vyavasthA nahIM hai| yaha digambarajainamunidharma ke ghaniSTha prabhAva kA sUcaka hai| itanA hI nahIM, isa aupaniSadika saMnyAsamArga meM jo zItoSNa sukha-duHkhAdi parISahoM ko jItane, kAmakrodhAdikaSAyoM ke visarjana, asnAna,40 bhUtalazayana,41 karapAtra yA pApAtra meM AhAragrahaNa, ekabhukti42 zukladhyAnaparAyaNatA, zubhAzubhakarma-nirmUlana tathA saMnyAsapUrvaka (sallekhanApUrvaka) dehatyAga3 ke siddhAnta haiM, ve bhI digambara-muni-caryA se hI anukRta haiN| 40. "triSavaNasnAnaM kuTIcakasya, bahUdakasya dvivAraM, haMsasyaikavAraM, paramahaMsasya mAnasasnAnaM turIyA tItasya bhasmasnAnam avadhUtasya vaayvysnaanm|" nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad / IzAdyaSTo./ pRSTha 278 / 41. "sarvatra bhUtalazayana:--- paramahaMsaparivrAjako bhvti|" paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad /IzAdyaSTottara zatopaniSad / pRSTha 419 / 42. "pANipAtrazcaranyogI nAsakRmaikSamAcaret" nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad / IzAdyaSTo/ pRSTha 273 / 43. "zubhAzubhakarmanirmUlanaparaH--- zukladhyAnaparAyaNaH--- saMnyAsena dehatyAgaM karoti sa parama haMsaparivrAjako bhvti|" paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad / IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSada / pa.419 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 281 18 yoga ke Adyapravartaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva bhAgavatapurANa eka aura mahattvapUrNa tathya para prakAza DAlatA hai, vaha yaha ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva hI yogavidyA ke Adya pravartaka the| isa purANa meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn viSNu ne vAtarazana (digambara) RSiyoM ke dharmoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke rUpa meM avatAra liyA thaa| unhoMne pAramahaMsyadharma aura yogiyoM ko sAmparAyavidhi kI zikSA dI thI "paarmhNsydhrmmupshikssmaannH|" (5/5/28) / "yoginAM saampraayvidhimnushikssyn|" (5/6/6) / "yo vai cacAra smdRgjddyogcryaam|" (2/7/10) / zrImadbhAgavatapurANa meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko yogezvara aura nAnAyogacaryAcaraNa kahA gayA hai "bhagavAnRSabhadevo yogeshvrH|" (5/4/3) / "nAnAyogacaryAcaraNo bhagavAn kaivlyptirRssbho---|" (5/5/35) / bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke jyeSThaputra bharata ko bhI 'mahAyogI' vizeSaNa se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai-"mahAyogI bharato jyeSThaH" (5/4/9) / bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA dUsarA nAma 'AdinAtha' hai, kyoMki ve jainaparamparA ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM Adi tIrthaMkara haiN| ina AdinAtha RSabhadeva ko vaidikaparamparA ke prasiddha yogazAstra haThayogapradIpikA meM haThayogavidyA ke upadezaka hone ke kAraNa namaskAra kiyA gayA hai zrI AdinAthAya namo'stu tasmai, yenopadiSTA htthyogvidyaa| vibhrAjate pronntraajyogmaaroddhumicchordhirohinniiv||4 anuvAda-"maiM zrI AdinAtha ko namaskAra karatA hU~ , jinhoMne usa haThayogavidyA kI zikSA dI, jo unnata rAjayoga para ArohaNa ke lie nasainI ke samAna hai|" 44. zrI hemacandra modI : 'yogamArga'/'anekAnta' varSa 1/ kiraNa 8, 9, 10 pR. 537-538 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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282 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 19 kAdambarI - harSacarita (7vIM zatI I0 ) meM kSapaNaka, Arhata, nagnATaka, mayUrapicchadhArI suprasiddha saMskRtagadyakavi bANabhaTTa rAjA harSa (606 - 647 I0) ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne apane prasiddha gadyakAvya 'kAdambarI' aura 'harSacarita' meM digambara jaina muniyoM ke ullekha kiye haiN| kAdambarI ke pUrvabhAga meM zabarasenA kA varNana karate hue bANabhaTTa ne morapaMkha dhAraNa kiye hue zabaroM kI upamA mayUrapicchI dhAraNa karanevAle digambarajaina muniyoM se dI hai - "kaizcit kSapaNakairiva myuurpicchdhaaribhiH|"45 TIkAkAra zvetAmbaracArya zrI bhAnucandragaNI ne isakI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai - " kSapaNakairiva digambarairiva mayUrANAM barhiNAM picchAni chadAni dharantItyevaMzIlA dhAriNastaiH / bhillA api hatamayUrapicchadhAriNo bhavantIti zleSaH / " a04 / pra0 1 AcArya rAmanAtha zarmA 'sumana' evaM rAjendra kumAra zAstrI ne bhI aisI hI vyAkhyA kI hai - "kaizcit kSapaNakaiH iva jainaiH digambaraiH iva / mayUrapicchavAhibhiH = mayUrANAM zikhinAM picchAni kalApAn vahanti dhArayanti tacchIlAH taiH / " ( kAdambarI / prakAzakasAhitya bhaNDAra, meraTha) / = harSacarita (caukhambA vidyAbhavana vArANasI 1998 I0) meM bhI kaI jagaha digambarajaina muniyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai - " jainaiH ArhataiH pAzupataiH pArAzaribhiH / " (ucchvAsa 2 / pR.103) / "zikSitakSapaNakavRttaya iva vanamayUrapicchacayAnuccinvantaH / " (ucchvAsa 2/ pR.83-84)| "abhimukhamAjagAma zikhipicchalAJchano nagnATakaH / " (ucchvAsa 5/pR. 261 - 262) / ina uddharaNoM meM bANabhaTTa ne digambarajaina muniyoM ko 'mayUrapicchadhArI', 'kSapaNaka' 'Arhata', 'jaina' aura 'nagnATaka' (nagnabhramaNa karanevAlA) zabdoM se nirdiSTa kiyA hai| harSacarita ke nimnalikhita kathana meM digambarajaina muniyoM ko 'Arhata' nAma se tathA zvetAmbaramuniyoM ko 'zvetapaTa' nAma se varNita kiyA hai - " tarumUlAni niSevamANairvItarAgairArhatairmaskaribhiH zvetapaTaiH pANDurabhikSubhirbhAgavatairvarNibhiH kezaluJcanaiH kApilaijainairlokAyatikaiH / " (ucchvAsa / 8 / pR.422-423) / zrI zaGkarakavi ne isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai - " arhandevatA yeSAM te ArhatAstairnagnakSapaNakaiH / maskaribhiH parivrAjakaiH / zvetapaTaiH zvetorNAkambalivAsobhiH nagnakSapaNakabhedaiH / pANDurabhikSubhistyaktakASAyaiH / " 45. kAdambarI / pUrvabhAga / pR.106 / prakAzaka- motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 283 bhartRhari-vairAgyazataka (700 I0) meM pANipAtra, digambara bhartRhari IsA ke sAtaveM zataka ke kavi the| unake zatakatraya bahuta prasiddha haiM: nItizataka, zRMgArazataka aura vairaagyshtk| yadyapi ve zivabhakta the, tathApi unhoMne vairAgyazataka meM svayaM zambhu ko sambodhita karate hue 'pANipAtra digambara muni' banane kI bhAvanA vyakta kI hai ekAkI niHspRhaH zAntaH pANipAtro digmbrH| kadA zambho! bhaviSyAmi krmnirmuulnkssmH|| 87 // vairAgyazataka ke eka anya zloka meM ve kahate haiM pANiH pAtraM pavitraM bhramaNaparigataM bhaikSamakSayyamannaM, vistIrNaM vastramAzAdazakamacapalaM tlpmsvlpmurvii| yeSAM niHsaGgatAGgIkaraNa-pariNatasvAtmasantoSiNaste, dhanyAH saMnyastadainyavyatikaranikarAH karma nirmuulynti|| 96 // anuvAda-"ve dhanya haiM, jinakA hAtha hI pavitra bhikSApAtra hai, bhramaNa dvArA prApta bhikSA hI jinakA akSaya bhojana hai, vistIrNa dazoM dizAe~ hI jinakA acaMcala vastra hai, vizAla pRthvI hI jinakI zayyA hai, jo anAsakta ho jAne se svAtma santuSTa rahate haiM tathA dainyabhAva kA tyAgakara karmoM kA vinAza karate haiN|" bhartRhari kA digambarajaina muniyoM ke prati yaha bahumAna sUcita karatA hai ki unake samaya meM uttarabhArata meM digambara jaina muni bar3I saMkhyA meM vihAra karate the aura unakI caryA bahuta prabhAvazAlI thii| 21 (vaidika) padmamahApurANa meM nirgrantha, kSapaNa (vaidika) padmamahApurANa meM rAjA vena kA upAkhyAna AyA hai| vaha caudaha manuoM meM se 'svAyambhuva' nAmaka prathama manu kA vaMzaja thaa| viSNupurANa meM usakI vaMza-paramparA isa prakAra batalAyI gayI hai : brahmA kI AtmA se utpanna svAyambhuva manu > uttAnapAda > dhruva > ziSTi > ripu > cAkSuSa > manu (chaThe manu , jo cAkSuSa ke putra hone ke kAraNa 'cAkSuSamanu' kahalAye) > kuru > aGga > vena > pRthu| isa taraha rAjA 46. viSNupurANa / aMza 1 / adhyAya 7/zloka 16-19, aMza 1/ adhyAya 11/ zloka 1-3, aMza 1/ adhyAya 13/ zloka 1-9 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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284 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 vena svAyambhuva manu kI vaMzaparamparA meM 'aMga' kA putra a04 / pra01 aura 'pRthu' (vainya) kA pitA thaa|7 rAjA vena cAkSuSa (chaThe) manvantara aura vaivasvata (sAtaveM) manvantara ke sandhikAla meM huA thA, jaisA ki nimnalikhita vAkyoM meM kahA gayA hai-"cAkSuSa-vaivasvatayormanvantarayoH sandhau loko'yaM prajApAlaviraheNa bhRshmsiidt| tatra RSayaH sametya mantrayAJcakrire dharmajJaM jayapaNDitaM venamupalamya taM pRthviiraajye'bhississicuH| sa ca dharmataH prajAH svAH prajA iva ciraM zazAsa yAvadasya suzaGkharSeH zApAnmataviparyayo naabhuut|"48 anuvAda-"cAkSuSa aura vaivasvata-manvantaroM ke sandhikAla meM prajApAlaka ke abhAva meM prajA bar3I duHkhI thii| taba RSiyoM ne milakara salAha kI aura dharmajJa, jayapaNDita vena ko pRthvI ke rAjya para abhiSikta kara diyaa| usane prajA kA dharmapUrvaka apanI hI santAna ke samAna cirakAla taka pAlana kiyA, jaba taka ki suzaMkha RSi ke zApa se usakI buddhi viparIta nahIM ho gyii|" manuoM kI saMkhyA 14 batalAyI gayI hai| eka manu kA kAla manuSyoM ke 43 lAkha, bIsa hajAra (43,20,000) varSoM kA hotA hai| isa samaya sAtavA~ manvantara (sAtaveM manu vaivasvata kA kAla) cala rahA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ka rAjA vena Aja se kaI hajAra varSa pahale huA thaa| viSNupurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki "mRtyu kI 'sunIthA' nAma ko jo prathama putrI thI, vaha 'aMga' ke sAtha vyAhI gayI thii| usI se vena kA janma huaa| vaha 'mRtyu' kI kanyA kA putra apane mAtAmaha (nAnA) ke doSa se svabhAva se hI duSTaprakRti kA thaa| RSiyoM dvArA rAja pada para abhiSikta kiye jAte hI usane ghoSaNA kara dI ki koI bhI manuSya na yajJa kare, na dAna, na hvn| mere alAvA yajJa kA bhoktA aura kauna ho sakatA hai? maiM hI yajJapati prabhu huuN|" (viSNupurANa / aMza 1/ adhyAya 13 / zloka 11-14) / ___ RSiyoM ne use bahuta samajhAyA, kintu jaba vaha nahIM mAnA, taba kuddha hokara unhoMne mantrapUta kuzoM se usakA vadha kara diyaa| (vahIM / aMza 1 / adhyAya 13 / zloka 26-29) / 'zrImadbhAgavatapurANa' (skandha 4 / adhyAya 14 / zloka 1-46) evaM 'mahAbhArata' (zAntiparva / adhyAya 59 / zloka 99-100) meM bhI rAjA vena kA aisA hI caritra aura 47. vahI / aMza 1 / adhyAya 13 / zloka 11, 38-39 / 48. padmamahApurANa / bhAga 1-sRSTikhaNDa / bhUmikA : pro. DaoN. cArudeva zAstrI / pR. 16 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 285 isI rIti se usakI mRtyu kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kintu , padmamahApurANa meM usake vadha kA varNana nahIM hai, apitu yaha varNana hai ki RSiyoM ne usake dAhine hAtha kA manthana kiyA, jisase usake pRthu nAmaka putra kI utpatti huii| vaha atyanta jJAnI aura dayAlu thaa| usake puNyaprasAda se rAjA vena dharma aura artha kA jJAtA ho gayA aura cakravartIpada prApta kara usakA upabhoga karane ke bAda bhagavAn viSNu kI kRpA se vaiSNavaloka meM pahu~ca gyaa| (padmamahApurANa / bhAga 2/ bhUmikhaNDa/adhyAya 38 zloka 38-41) / ina aneka purANoM aura 'mahAbhArata' meM rAjA vena kI kathA varNita hone se siddha hai ki vaha eka prasiddha aura ullekhanIya caritravAlA rAjA thaa| usake yajJAdivaidikadharmavirodhI caritra se jJAta hotA hai ki usane jainadharma svIkAra kara liyA thaa| isakI puSTi uparyukta vaidika padmamahApurANa se hotI hai| kintu ukta purANa ke kartA ne jainadharma ko heya siddha karane ke lie eka kAlpanika kathA gar3hakara use isa taraha prastuta kiyA hai, jaise vaha dharma nahIM, apitu pApa ho aura jaise rAjA vena ne use jAnabUjhakara grahaNa nahIM kiyA thA, apitu suzaMkha RSi ke pUrvazApa-vaza buddhi bhraSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa grahaNa kiyA thaa| (vaidika) padmamahApurANa ke kartA ne padmamahApurANa (bhAga 2/khaNDa 2-bhUmikhaNDa / adhyAya 37-38) meM vena-kathA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai jaba aMga kA putra aura svAyaMbhuva manu kA vaMzaja rAjA vena zAsana kara rahA thA taba eka puruSa chadmaliMga dhAraNa karake aayaa| usakA svarUpa nagna thA, zarIra vizAla thA, sira mur3A huA thA aura deha se mahAprabhA prasphuTita ho rahI thii| usakI kA~kha meM mayUrapicchI dabI huI thI, hAtha meM nAriyala se nirmita kamaMDalu thA aura vaha vaidika dharma meM doSa darzAnevAlA asat zAstra par3ha rahA thA puruSaH kshcidaayaatshchdmlinggdhrstdaa| nagnarUpo mahAkAyaH ziromuNDo mhaaprbhH|| 2/2/37/5 // mArjanI zikhipatrANAM kakSAyAM sa hi dhaaryn| gRhItaM pAnapAtraM tu nArikelamayaM kre|| 2/2/37/6 // paThamAno sacchAstraM veddhrmviduusskm| yatra veno mhaaraajsttraayaatstvraanvitH|| 2/2/37/7 // vaha pApI, rAjA vena kI rAjasabhA meM praviSTa ho gyaa| use dekhakara vena ne prazna kiyA-"tuma kauna ho? yahA~ kyoM Aye ho? tumhArA dharma kyA hai? tumhArA AcAra kyA hai? saba btlaao|" taba vaha puruSa uttara detA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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286 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 arhanto devatA yatra nirgrantho dRzyate guruH / dayA caiva paro dharmastatra darzane'sminna sandeha AcArAnpravadAmyaham / yajanaM yAjanaM nAsti vedAdhyayanameva ca // 2/2/37/18 // nAsti sandhyA tapo dAnaM svadhAsvAhAvivarjitam / havyakavyAdikaM nAsti naiva yajJAdikA kriyA // 2/2/37/19 // pitRRNAM tarpaNaM nAsti nAtithirvaizvadevakam / arhato dhyAnamuttamam // 2/2/37/20 // kSapaNasya varA pUjA ayaM dharma samAcAro jainamArge etatte sarvamAkhyAtaM nijadharmasya mokSaH pradRzyate // 2/2/37/17 // anuvAda - " hama arhanta ko devatA aura nirgrantha muni ko guru mAnate haiM,' ahiMsA hamArA paramadharma hai aura mokSa kI prApti paramalakSya / hamAre dharma meM yajana - yAjana nahIM hotA, na hI vedoM kA adhyayana / na hama sandhyA karate haiM, na ( brAhmaNoM jaisA) tapa aura dAna / hama svAhApUrvaka havi-pradAna bhI nahIM karate aura svadhApUrvaka pitaroM kA tarpaNa nahIM krte| atithiyoM kA svAgata-satkAra bhI isameM Avazyaka nahIM hotA, na vizvedevoM ko bali pradAna kI jAtI hai| hamAre dharma meM kSapaNaka ( digambara muni) kI pUjA aura arhanta kA dhyAna hI zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai| ye hI hamAre dharma ke lakSaNa haiN|" evaM sambodhito venaH puruSeNa tena jainena a04 / pra0 1 usa mahApApI jaina puruSa ke dvArA isa prakAra sambodhita kiye jAne para rAjA vena ne usake caraNoM meM namaskAra kara vaidikadharma kA parityAga kara diyA aura jainadharma svIkAra kara liyaa| apane pitA aMga ke rokane para bhI vaha nahIM maanaa| usake zAsana meM sampUrNa prajA vaidikadharma ko chor3akara pApamaya ho gaI-- namaskRtya tataH pAdau vedadharmaM parityajya pradRzyate / lakSaNam // 2/2/37/21 // pApabhAvaM gataH kila / mahApApena mohitaH // 2/2/38/1 // tasyaiva ca durAtmanaH / satyadharmAdikAM kriyAm // 2/2/38 / 2 // suyajJAnAM nivRttiH syAdvedAnAM hi tathaiva ca / zAstra sarvapApamayo lokaH naiva yAgAzca vedAzca dharmastadA naiva pravartitaH // 2/2/38/3 // saJjAtastasya zAsanAt / dharmazAstrArthamuttamam // 2 / 2 / 38/4 // For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 4 / pra0 1 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 287 na dAnAdhyayanaM viprAstasmiJchAsati pArthive / evaM dharmapralopo 'bhUnmahatpApaM pravartitam // 2/2/38/5 // vAryamANastvanyathA kurute aGgena bhRzam / na nanAma pituH pAdau mAtuzcaiva durAtmavAn // 2/2/38/6 // yaha padmamahApurANa chaThI zatI I0 ke bAda racA gayA hai aura isameM digambarajaina muni dvArA hajAroM varSa pUrva hue svAyaMbhuva manu ke vaMzaja tathA rAjA aMga ke putra vena ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiye jAne kA varNana hai| isase siddha hai vaidika purANakAra digambarajainadharma ko bahuta prAcInakAla se calA AyA huA mAnate the / yadi usakA pravartana vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM huA hotA aura AcArya kundakunda ne kiyA hotA, to chaThI zatAbdI I0 ke bAda ke vaidika purANakAra use itane prAcIna hone kA zreya na dete aura chaThI zatAbdI ke bAda ke kisI hindU rAjA ko kundakunda nAma ke puruSa dvArA jainadharma meM dIkSita kiye jAne kI kathA varNita karate / yahA~ yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki rAjA vena ko jisa muni ke dvArA jainadharma kI dIkSA diye jAne kI bAta kahI gaI hai, use nagna, mayUrapicchIdhArI aura hAtha meM nArikelamaya kamaNDalu liye hue batalAyA gayA hai tathA use ' kSapaNaka' evaM 'nirgrantha' zabdoM sambodhita kiyA gayA hai, isase sunizcita hotA hai ki vaha zvetAmbaramata kA jinakalpI sAdhu nahIM thA, apitu digambara jaina sAdhu hI thA aura vaidika matAnuyAyI samAja meM digambarajaina muni hI 'kSapaNaka' evaM 'nirgrantha' nAmoM se prasiddha the / 22 kUrmapurANa ( 700 I0 ) meM nirgrantha kUrmapurANa I0 san 700 meM racita mAnA gayA hai| isameM do bhAga haiM : pUrvArdha aura uttraardh| dvitIyabhAga arthAt uttarArdha ke ikkIsa veM adhyAya meM kahA gayA haivRddhazrAvakanirgranthAH paJcarAtravido janAH / kApAlikAH pAzupatAH pASaNDA ye ca tadvidhAH // 2/21/32 // yasyAznanti havIMSyete durAtmAnastu tAmasAH / na tasya tadbhavecchrAddhaM pretya ceha phalapradam // 2/21/33 // 49 anuvAda - " vRddhazrAvaka (digambarajaina-dharmAvalambI elaka - kSullaka), nirgrantha (digambara jaina muni), paJcarAtra - graMthoM ke pAThI, kApAlika, pAzupata tathA isI prakAra ke 49. 'elaka' zabda zuddha hai, 'ailaka' nhiiN| paM0 hIrAlAla jI jaina siddhAntazAstrI ne ailaka zabda ko 'acelaka' kA prAkRtarUpa mAnA hai / ve kahate haiM ki 'kagacajatadapayavAM prAyo luk' (haima For Personal & Private Use Only w

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288 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 anya pASaNDa, jisake zrAddha meM havibhakSaNa karate haiM, usake lie kiyA gayA zrAddha isa loka aura paraloka meM phalaprada nahIM hotaa|" prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana /8/1/177) isa niyama ke anusAra 'acelaka' ke 'ca' kA lopa ho jAne para 'a' zeSa rahA aura 'aelaka' isa sthiti meM vRddhisandhi (a+e = ai) hone para 'ailaka' pada bana gyaa| naGsamAsa meM 'a' (naJ) se 'ISad' artha lene para 'ailaka' zabda alpavastradhArI (kevala eka kaupInadhArI) utkRSTa (ekAdazapratimAvalambI) zrAvaka kA artha detA hai| (dekhiye, vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra/bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI/1952 I0 / prstaavnaa/pR063)| kSullaka zrI jinendra varNI ne bhI 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' (bhAga 1/pR.468-69) meM paNDita jI ke isa mata kA ullekha kara ise mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| kintu, paNDita jI kA yaha mata samIcIna nahIM hai| uparyukta niyama ke anusAra 'ca' kA lopa hone se avaziSTa 'e' udvatta svara hai| ataH 'svarasyovRtte' (haima prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana /8/1/8) sUtra ke anusAra pUrvavartI 'a' ke sAtha usakI sandhi nahIM ho sakatI, jaise nizAcaraH nisAaro, rajanIcara: rynniiaro| ataH prAkRta meM 'ailaka' zabda nahIM bana sktaa| yadi sandhi mAnI bhI jAya to bhI prAkRta meM 'ai', 'au' svaroM kA astitva na hone se 'ailaka' zabda siddha honA asaMbhava hai| prAkRta granthoM meM saMskRta 'acelaka' kA 'aelaka' yA 'ailaka' rUpa milatA bhI nahIM hai, sarvatra 'ca' jyoM kA tyoM upalabdha hotA hai, yathA-'acelamaNhANaM' (pra.sA./gA.3/8), 'AcelakamaNhANaM' (mUlA. / gA.3), 'Acelakkuisiya' (bha.A./ gA. 423), 'acelago ya jo dhammo' (utta. sUtra / 23 / 29) / ataH 'ailaka' zabda na to prAkRtabhASA kA zabda hai, na hI saMskRta kaa| saMskRta meM 'elaka' zabda upalabdha hotA hai, kintu usakA artha eDaka (mer3hA) hai (ApTekRta sNskRt-hindii-kosh)| isake atirikta alpacelaka-artha meM 'acelaka' zabda kA prayoga to zvetAmbaraAgamoM meM bhI nahIM huA hai, digambara-AgamoM meM hone kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| uttaravartI zvetAmbara vRttikAroM ne avazya muniyoM kI sacelatA ko Agamokta siddha karane ke lie 'acelaka' zabda ko alpacelaka-artha meM prayukta batalAne kI ceSTA kI hai, kintu vaha asamIcIna hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3/ prakaraNa 1/zIrSaka 6) / yadi digambaramata meM bhI 'acelaka' zabda ko 'alpacelaka' artha kA pratipAdaka mAnA jAya, to mani ke lie vihita 'Acelakya' malagaNa se 'alpacelatva' mUlaguNa artha pratipAdita hone se koI tarka nahIM roka sakatA, jisase digambarajaina-mata meM bhI savastramukti kI mAnyatA kA siddha honA anivArya hai| ataH 'acelaka' zabda ko alpacelaka artha kA pratipAdaka kisI bhI taraha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| prAcIna granthoM meM gyArahavIM pratimA ke kSullaka-ailaka ye do bheda bhI nahIM milte| AcArya kundakunda ne utkRSTa zrAvakoM ke liMga ko utkRSTa liMga kahA hai, kintu kSullaka-ailaka zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA (suttpaahudd/gaa.21)| svAmI samantabhadra ne bhI kSullaka-ailaka bheda kiye binA gyArahavIM-pratimAdhArI zrAvaka ko celakhaNDadharaH kahA hai aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 289 kUrmapurANa (pUrvArdha/adhyAya 30) ke nimnalikhita zloka meM bhI nirgranthoM kA ullekha hai| yaha matsyapurANa ke pUrvokta zloka se sAmya rakhatA hai kASAyiNo'tha nirgranthAstathA kApAlikAzca ye| vedavikrayiNAzcAnye tIrthavikrayiNaH pre|| 1/30/16 // anuvAda-"(kaliyuga upasthita hone para) koI kASAyavastradhArI (bauddha) sAdhu hogA, koI nirgrantha (nagna) tathA koI kApAlika, koI vedoM kA vikraya karegA aura koI tIrthoM kaa|" TIkAkAra prabhAcandra ne isakA artha kaupIna (la~goTI) mAtra dhAraNa karanevAlA kiyA hai tathA use 'Arya' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai-"celakhaNDadharaH kaupInamAtravastrakhaNDadhArakaH aarylinggdhaariityrthH|" (ra.ka.grA./ kArikA 147) / paM0 AzAdhara jI ne bhI use 'Arya kahA hai| (saa.dh./7/48)| sarvaprathama 7vIM zatI I0 ke raviSNakRta padmapurANa (100/32-41) meM kaupInaaMzukadhArI utkRSTa zrAvaka ke lie 'kSullaka' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt 10vIM zatI I0 ke hariSeNakRta 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM bhI 'kSullaka' zabda vyavahata huA hai| (73. yazodhara-candramatI kathAnaka / zloka 237-238) / kintu 12vIM zatI I0 ke AcArya vasunandI ne apane zrAvakAcAra (gAthA 301-310) meM kSullaka-ailaka zabdoM kA prayoga na kara ekAdazapratimAdhArI utkRSTa zrAvakoM ke prathamotkRSTa aura dvitIyotkRSTa, ye do bheda kie haiN| sarvaprathama 16vIM zatI I0 meM paM0 rAjamalla jI ne apanI lATIsaMhitA (6/55) meM dvitIyotkRSTa zrAvaka ke lie elaka zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai-"utkRSTaH zrAvako dvadhA kssullkshcail-kstthaa|" isase yaha nirNaya yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai ki 'celakhaNDadharaH' ke sAtha loka meM 'khaNDacelakaH' zabda bhI pracalita huA aura prAkRta ke niyamAnusAra svaramadhyaga 'ca' kA lopa hone para 'khaMDaelaka' zabda kA vikAsa huaa| pazcAt prayatnalAghava kI pravRttivaza kavala 'elaka' zabda kA prayoga hone lgaa| saMskRta meM ziva aura parazurAma ke artha meM 'khaNDaparazuH' zabda upalabdha hotA hai| (ApTekRta saMskRta-hindI kosh)| 'khaNDacelakaH' aisA hI zabda hai| athavA Arya zabda Aryaka > Araka > eraka > elaka, isa taraha 'elaka' rUpa meM vikasita huA hai| elaka' zabda kA ailaka'-rUpa meM pracalana sandhiviccheda karanevAloM kI kRpA se huA hai| 'lATIsaMhitA' meM 'elaka' zabda kA prayoga kevala tIna sthAnoM meM sandhipUrvaka huA hai, yathA-kSullakazcailakaH (6/55) tatrailakaH (6/56), cailakasya (6/ 58) / yahA~ tInoM jagaha ca+elakaH, tatra+elakaH, ca+elakaH isa prakAra sandhivigraha kiyA jAnA cAhie, kintu ca+ailakaH, tatra+ailakaH aisA viccheda kara liyA gayA, jo samIcIna nahIM hai| uccAraNa bhI 'elaka' hI kiyA jAtA hai, 'ailaka' (ailaka) nhiiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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290 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 23 brahmANDapurANa meM nagna, nirgrantha brahmANDapurANa (upodghAtapAda 3/ adhyAya 14) meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki zrAddhakarma meM nagnAdi ke darzana nahIM karanA caahie| nagnAdi meM vRddhazrAvakoM, nirgranthoM, bauddhoM, jIvakoM aura kArpaToM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai nagnAdayo na pazyeyuH zrAddhakarma vyvsthitm| gacchantyetaistu dRSTAni na pitUMzca pitaamhaan|| 3/14/34 // sarveSAmeva bhUtAnAM trayI saMvaraNaM smRtm|| 3/14/35 // tA ye tyajanti sammohAtte vai nagnAdayo jnaaH|| 3/14/36 // vRddhazrAvakanirgranthAH zAkyA jiivkkaarpttaaH||3/14/39|| ye dharma nAnuvartante te vai nagnAdayo jnaaH|| 3/14/40 // ina zlokoM meM vedatrayIrUpa AvaraNa kA parityAga kara denevAloM ko 'nagnAdi' kahA gayA hai| dhyAna dene yogya hai ki yahA~ saba ke lie 'nagnAH' zabda kA prayoga na kara 'nagnAdayaH' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki 'nagna' zabda se 'nirgrantha' saMketita kiye gaye haiM aura 'AdayaH' pada se vRddhazrAvaka, zAkya (bauddha) aadi| 24 liGgapurANa meM nagna RSabha ___ isa purANa ke prathamabhAga ke antargata bhAratavarSakathana nAmaka saiMtAlIsaveM adhyAya meM bhAratavarSa nAma kI utpatti kA hetu batalAte hue kahA gayA hai nAbhenisarga vakSyAmi himaangkesminnibodht| nAbhistvajanayatputraM marudevyAM mhaamtiH|| 1/47/19 // RSabhaM pArthiva zreSThaM sarvakSatrasya puujitm| RSabhAd bhArato jajJe vIraH putrshtaagrjH|| 1/47/20 // so'bhiSicyAtha RSabho bharataM putrvtslH| jJAnavairAgyamAzritya jitvendriymhorgaan|| 1/47/21 // sarvAtmamanAtmani sthApya prmaatmaanmiishvrm| nagno jaTI nirAhAro cIrIdhvAntagato hi sH|| 1/47/22 // 50 50. 'cIridhvAntagataH' honA caahie| 'cIri' kA artha hai = netroM para par3A huA AvaraNa (vAmana zivarAma ApTe : sNskRt-hindii-kosh)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra0 1 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 291 zaivamApa paraM padam / nyavedayat // 1/47/23 // nirAzastyaktasandehaH himAdrerdakSiNaM varSaM bhAratAya tasmAttu bhArataM varSaM tasya bharatasyAtmajo vidvAn nAmnA vidurbudhAH / sumatirnAmadhArmikaH // 1/47/24 // babhUva tasmiMstadrAjyaM bharataH sanyavezayat / putrasaGkrAmitazrIko vanaM rAjA viveza saH // 1/47/25 // anuvAda - " himAlaya se cihnita isa deza ke mahArAja nAbhi ke vaMza kA varNana karatA hU~, use suno| mahAmati nAbhi neM marudevI se 'RSabha' nAmaka putra ko utpanna kiyA, jo rAjAoM meM zreSTha aura samasta kSatriyoM meM pUjita the / RSabha se sau putroM meM jyeSTha bharata kA janma huA / putravatsala RSabha ne bharata kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA aura jJAnavairAgya kA Azraya lekara, indriyarUpI mahAviSadharoM para vijaya prApta kara, AtmA ko hI paramAtmA yA Izvara mAnakara nagna aura jaTAdhArI ho, nirAhAra rahane lage aura isa prakAra cIrijanita ( jJAnarUpI netroM para par3e hue parade se utpanna) andhakAra se mukta evaM icchAtIta aura sandehAtIta hokara mokSapada prApta kara liyA / yataH unhoMne himAlaya ke dakSiNa meM vidyamAna varSa (deza) bharata ko de diyA thA, isalie bharata ke nAma para usakA nAma 'bhAratavarSa' pdd'aa| bharata ke sumati nAma kA dhArmika putra huaa| use unhoMne apanA rAjya sauMpa diyA aura vana ko cale gye|" liGgapurANa ke ina zlokoM meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko spaSTa rUpa se 'nagna' batalAyA gayA hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki jainetara bhAratIya sampradAyoM meM jaina tIrthaMkara acelatIrtha ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM hI prasiddha the / isase digambaroM kI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarvathA acela nirgranthasaMgha kA hI pravartana kiyA thA / liGgapurANa (bhAga 1 / adhyAya 34) meM nagnatA ko lekara eka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa zloka kahA gayA hai 'saMvRtaH / taireva saMvRto gupto na vastraM kAraNaM smRtam // 1 / 34 / 14 // indriyairajitairnagno dukUlenApi anuvAda - " jisane indriyoM para vijaya prApta nahIM kI hai, vaha vastroM se AcchAdita hone para bhI nagna (nirlajja) hai, kintu jisane indriyoM ko vaza meM kara liyA hai, vaha nagna rahate hue bhI anagna ( lajjAvAn ) hai| arthAt vastradhAraNa karane se koI salajja nahIM banatA aura vastratyAga dene se nirlajja nahIM hotaa|" eka anya zloka meM kahA gayA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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292 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 jaTino muNDinazcaiva nagnA nAnA prkaarinnH|| sampUjyAH zivavannityaM manasA karmaNA giraa|| 1/34/31 // anuvAda-"jo nAnA prakAra ke jaTAdhArI yA muNDI nagna sAdhu haiM, ve ziva ke samAna mana, vacana aura karma se pUjanIya haiN|" isa ukti ke dvArA liGgapurANa meM digambarajaina muniyoM ke prati bhI AdarabhAva sUcita kiyA gayA hai| brahmANDapurANa ke dvitIya (anuSaGga) pAda ke antargata 27veM adhyAya meM bhI uparyukta bhAvavAle do zloka milate haiM nagnA eva hi jAyante devatA munystthaa| ye cAnye mAnavA loke sarve jaayntyvaassH|| 2/27 / 118 // indriyairajitainagnA dukUlenApi sNvRtaaH| taireva saMvRto gupto na vastraM kAraNaM smRtm|| 2/27 /119 // ina zlokoM meM sabhI deva-mAnavoM ko janma se nagna hI batalAyA gayA hai aura muniyoM ko bhI pramukhataH nAgnyaliGgavAlA hI kahA gayA hai tathA yaha manauvaijJAnika tathya udghATita kiyA gayA hai ki indriyoM kA saMvaraNa hI vAstavika AvaraNa hai| 25 nyAyakusumAJjali (984 I0) meM nirAvaraNa, digambara isa prasiddha nyAyagraMtha ke kartA udayanAcArya 984 I0 meM hue the| isa grantha meM pRSTha 16 para unhoMne nirAvaraNa jaina muniyoM ko 'digambara' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai-"nirAvaraNA iti digmbraaH|" 51 26 nyAyamaJjarI (1000 I0) meM digambara isa grantha ke lekhaka jayantabhaTTa kA kAla 1000 I0 ke lagabhaga hai| ve pRSTha 167 para likhate haiM "kriyA tu vicitrA pratyAgamaM bhavatu naam| bhasmajaTAparigraho daNDakamaNDalugrahaNaM vA raktapaTadhAraNaM vA digambaratAM vAvalambyatAM ko'tra virodhH|"52 51. paM0 ajitakumAra zAstrI : zvetAmbaramata-samIkSA / pR. 168 / 52. vahI / pR. 168 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 293 anuvAda-"kriyA to alaga-alaga matoM meM bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| ataH bhasma lagAyI jAya, jaTA rakhI jAya, daMDa-kamaNDalu grahaNa kiyA jAya athavA raktapaTa dhAraNa kiye jAya~ yA digambaratva kA hI avalambana kiyA jAya, isameM kyA virodha hai?" isa kathana meM jayantabhaTTa ne raktapaTadhArI bauddhabhikSuoM ke sAtha digambaradhArI digambarajaina muniyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 27 'prabodhacandrodaya' (1065 I0) meM vimuktavasana, kSapaNaka, digambara isa nATaka kI racanA candela rAjA kIrtivarmA ke zAsanakAla meM kRSNamizra nAma ke daNDI parivrAjaka ne kI thii| kahate haiM ki san 1065 I0 meM yaha ukta rAjA ke sAmane khelA bhI gayA thaa|53 isameM sAmpradAyika vidveSavaza jaina aura bauddha dharmoM ko ghRNitarUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha kalpanA kI gaI hai ki ina dharmoM kI sRSTi 'mahAmoha' ne logoM ko vaidikadharma se cyuta karane ke lie kI thii| isameM 'mahAmoha', 'mithyAdRSTi,' 'zAnti,''zraddhA,' 'karuNA' Adi bhAvoM kA mAnavIkaraNa (personification) kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya aGka meM 'zAnti' aura 'karuNA' 'zraddhA' ko DhU~r3hatI haiN| unheM sandeha hotA hai ki 'zraddhA' 'mahAmoha' ke bhaya se pASaNDoM (jaina aura bauddha dharmoM) ke gharoM meM chipa kara raha rahI hai, arthAt 'mahAmoha' ke vazIbhUta ho loga jaina aura bauddha dharmoM meM zraddhA karane lage haiN| ataH ve use vahIM DhU~r3hane kA vicAra karatI haiN| itane meM eka digambarajaina muni dikhAI dete haiN| 'karuNA' bhayabhIta hokara 'zAnti' se kahatI hai-"sakhi! rAkSaso raaksssH|" 'zAnti' pUchatI hai-"ko'sau rAkSasaH?" (kahA~ hai rAkSasa?) 'karuNA' kahatI hai-"sakhi! pazya pshy| ya eSa galanmalapicchila-bIbhatsaduHprekSya-chaviH, ulluJcita-cikura-vimuktavasanadurdarzanaH, zikhizikhaNDapicchikAhasta ita evaabhivrtte|"54 (sakhi! dekho, dekho, yaha hai rAkSasa, jisakA zarIra maila se lipta hone ke kAraNa ghinaunA dikhAI de rahA hai, jo lucitakeza aura vastrarahita (nagna) hone se bIbhatsa lagatA hai tathA hAtha meM mayUrapaMkhoM kI picchikA lie hue hai| vaha isI tarapha A rahA hai|) 53. rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara : saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya / pR.210 / 54. prabodhacandrodaya / aMka 3/ pR.115 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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294 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 phira ve donoM paraspara usake rAkSasa na hokara pizAca yA nArakI hone kI zaMkA karatI haiN| kintu anta meM 'zAnti' dekhakara aura socakara kahatI hai-"AH jnyaatm| mahAmohapravartito'yaM digmbrsiddhaantH| tatsarvathA dUre pariharaNIyamasya drshnm|" 55 (acchA, acchA, samajha gii| yaha to 'mahAmoha' dvArA pravartita digambarasiddhAnta hai| taba to isake darzana dUra se hI parityAjya haiN|) yaha kahakara mu~ha phera letI hai| Age calakara usa kSapaNaka (digambarajaina muni) kA eka bauddha bhikSu se vArtAlApa hotA hai| kSapaNaka kahatA hai-"arere bhikSuka! itstaavt| kimapi pRcchaami|" (are bhikSuka! idhara to aao| kucha pUchanA cAhatA huuN|)| bhikSuka kruddha hokara kahatA hai-"AH pApa pizAcAkRte! kimevaM pralapasi?" (are pApI, pizAca ke samAna bhayaMkara sUratavAle! kyA bakavAsa karatA hai?) kSapaNaka uttara detA hai-"are muJca krodhm| zAstragataM pRcchaami|" (are bhAI krodha chodd'o| maiM zAstra kI bAta pUchanA cAhatA huuN|) bhikSu vyaMgya karatA hai-"are kSapaNaka! zAstrakathAmapi vetsi tvam?" 56 (are kSapaNaka! tU zAstrakathA bhI jAnatA hai?) Age calakara kSapaNaka bauddha bhikSu ko upadeza detA hai-"tat priyaM te visrabdhaM bhnnaami| buddhAnuzAsanaM parihatyArhatAnuzAsanamevAnusRtya digambaramatameva dhArayatu bhvaan|"57 (maiM tumheM priya aura vizvasanIya salAha detA huuN| tuma bauddhadharma ko chor3a, Arhatadharma (jainadharma) ko apanAkara digambaramata hI dhAraNa kara lo|) isake bAda kSapaNaka kA eka kApAlika se vArtAlApa hotA hai| kApAlika kahatA hai-"are kSapaNaka! dharmaM taavdsmaakmvdhaary|"58 (are kSapaNaka! tuma merA dharma grahaNa kara lo|) yahA~ yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki mayUrapicchIdhArI digambarajaina muni ko bauddha bhikSu aura kApAlika 'kSapaNaka' zabda se sambodhita karate haiM, jisase siddha hai ki digambarajaina muni hI 'kSapaNaka' kahalAte the| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaidikayuga se lekara IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka ke vaidika evaM saMskRta sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| 55. vahI/ aMka 3/ pR. 116 / 56. vahI / aMka 3/ pR. 124 / 57. vahI / aMka 3/ pR. 126 / 58. vahI / aMka 3/ pR. 130 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 295 ataH digambarajaina-paramparA vaidikakAla (kama se kama 1500 I0 pU0) se pUrvavartI siddha hotI hai| 28 'kSapaNaka' kA artha zvetAmbara-jinakalpI muni nahIM 'mahAbhArata' ke uttaGkopAkhyAna meM jo 'nagnakSapaNaka' kA varNana hai usakA pramANa dete hue zvetAmbarAcArya zrI vijayAnanda sUrIzvara 'AtmArAma' jI (I0 san 1920 ke lagabhaga) ne bhI apane grantha 'tattvanirNayaprAsAda' meM prAtipAdita kiyA hai ki "jainamata vedasaMhitA aura vedavyAsa se pahale kA siddha hotA hai|'(pRsstth 514) / kintu jisa 'nagnakSapaNaka' ke ullekha ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai, use unhoMne digambarajaina muni na mAnakara zvetAmbara-jinakalpI muni mAnA hai, kyoMki ve bhI nagna rahate the| zrI 'AtmArAma' jI likhate haiM "isa lekha se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki jainamata vedasaMhitA se bhI pUrva vidyamAna thA, kyoMki 'nagnakSapaNaka' isa zabda kA yaha artha hai kSapaNaka nAma kA saadhu| sAtha meM 'nagna' isa vizeSaNa se jainamata kA sAdhu siddha hotA hai| jainamata meM do prakAra ke sAdhu hote haiM : sthavirakalpI aura jinklpii| jinakalpI ATha prakAra ke hote haiM, jinameM kaI jinakalpI aise hote haiM, jo rajoharaNa, mukhavastrikA ke binA anya koI vastra nahIM rakhate haiM aura prAyaH jaMgala meM hI rahate haiN| tathA TIkAkAra nIlakaNTha jI ne bhI 'kSapaNaka' pada kA artha pASaMDabhikSu karA hai|"(tttvnirnnypraasaad / pR.514)| 'AtmArAma' jI kI isa mAnyatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ve Avazyakaniyukti Adi ke varNanAnusAra digambarajainamata kI utpatti boTika zivabhUti ke dvArA vIra-nirvANa saMvat 609 (I0 san 82) meM kI gaI mAnate haiN| (t.ni.praa./pR.542-543)| ataH isake bahuta pahale race gaye 'mahAbhArata' meM jo 'nagnakSapaNaka' kA ullekha milatA hai, use digambarajaina muni mAnane se Avazyakaniyukti kA vacana mithyA siddha hotA hai| isa dharmasaMkaTa ke kAraNa unheM mahAbhAratollikhita 'nagnakSapaNaka' ko zvetAmbara-jinakalpI muni kahane ke lie bAdhya honA pdd'aa| kintu unakI yaha mAnyatA sarvathA pramANaviruddha hai| parva (zIrSaka 5) meM aise aneka uddharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki digambara, zvetAmbara aura vaidikaparamparA ke sAhitya, saMskRtasAhitya evaM zabdakozoM meM 'nagnakSapaNaka' zabda digambarajaina muni ke lie hI prayukta kiyA gayA hai| sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki svayaM zvetAmbaragranthoM meM kSapaNaka ko strImukti-virodhI digambara jaina muni kahA gayA hai, For Personal & Private Use Only

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296 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 yathA-"kSapaNakAH strImuktiniSedhakaM tIrthakara bhnnnti| 59 isake atirikta kSapaNaka aura zvetAmbara-jinakalpika sAdhu ke svarUpabheda se bhI uparyukta tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| svarUpa kI bhinnatA kA bodha nimnalikhita tathyoM se hotA hai 1. vaidikasAhitya, saMskRtasAhitya tathA zabdakozoM meM kSapaNaka ko nirvastra evaM nagna batalAyA gayA hai, jaba ki zvetAmbara-jinakalpiyoM meM vastralabdhiyukta-jinakalpI laukika vastra dhAraNa na karate hue bhI nagna nahIM dikhate the, kyoMki unakI nagnatA labdhijanya AvaraNa se DhaMka jAtI thii| tathA vastralabdhirahita jinakalpiyoM ke lie nagnatA ko chipAne evaM zItAdi kA nivAraNa karane hetu eka, do yA tIna prAvaraNa dhAraNa karane kI anumati dI gayI thI, kyoMki zvetAmbaramata meM nagna dikhane ko nirlajjatA evaM asaMyama kA hetu mAnA gayA hai|60 2. saMskRtasAhitya meM kSapaNaka ko mayUrapicchadhArI kahA gayA hai-"kaizcit kSapaNakairiva myuurpicchdhaaribhiH|"61 jaba ki zvetAmbara-jinakalpI muni vastranirmita rajoharaNa dhAraNa karate the| 3. zvetAmbara jinakalpI sAdhu mukhavastrikA bhI pahanate the,62 kintu vaidikaparamparA ke granthoM evaM saMskRtasAhitya meM kahIM bhI kSapaNaka ko mukhavastrikA dhAraNa kiye hue nahIM batalAyA gayA hai, jaba ki zivamahApurANa meM zvetAmbara (savastra) muni ko tuNDavastradhAraka (mukhavastrikAdhArI) kahA gayA hai| (dekhiye, agalA shiirssk)| 4. vandanA karane para zvetAmbara sAdhu 'dharmalAbha ho' yaha AzIrvAda dete haiM aura digambara sAdhu 'dharmavRddhi ho' yaha kahate haiN|63 paJcatantra kI pUrvokta kathA meM pradhAna kSapaNaka ko namaskAra karane para nAI 'dharmavRddhi' kA AzIrvAda prApta karatA hai| 5. zvetAmbarIya granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt (vIra nirvANa ke 62 varSa bAda) jinakalpa kA viccheda ho gyaa| (vize.bhA./gA. 2593) / arthAt puruSoM meM jinakalpa dhAraNa karane yogya zaktiyoM kI utpatti banda ho gyii| ataH jinakalpI (labdhijanya-dehAvaraNadhArI yA kaTivastrarahita-vastrapAtradhArI athavA jinaliMga59. pravacanaparIkSA-vRtti 1/1/71-75 / pR. 50 / 60. pravacanaparIkSA-vRtti 1/2/31/ pR.93-94 tathA hema.vRtti / vize.bhA. / gA. 2584,2591 / 61. kAdambarI /puurvbhaag/pR.106| 62. pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti / 1/2/31/pR.94| 63. "zvetAmbarANAM rajoharaNamukhavastrikAlocAdiliGgaM colapaTTakalpAdiko veSaH --- vandyamAnA dhrmlaabhmaacksset| --- digambarAH vandyamAnA dharmavRddhiM bhnnnti|" SaDdarzanasamuccaya / ta.ra.dI. vRtti / adhikAra 4 / pR.160-161 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 4 / pra0 1 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 297 dhArI) sAdhuoM kI paramparA kA anta ho gayA / kevala sthavirakalpI (kaTivastrasahitavastrapAtradhArI) sAdhuoM kI paramparA zeSa rahI / phalasvarUpa 'mahAbhArata' kI racanA ke samaya (500 I0 pU0 se 100 I0 pU0 ) zvetAmbara - sampradAya meM kevala kaTivastrasahitavastrapAtradhArI sAdhuoM kA hI astitva thA / ataH yadi zvetAmbara jinakalpa sAdhuoM ko 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' evaM 'pravacanaparIkSA' ke vacanoM ke viruddha bhI nagna ( puruSacihna ko khulA rakhanevAlA) mAna liyA jAya aura ukta granthoM meM kSapaNakoM kI jo strImuktiniSedhaka vizeSatA batalAyI gayI hai tathA saMskRtasAhitya meM unake mayUrapicchIdhAraNa karane tathA dharmavRddhi kA AzIrvAda dene ke jo lakSaNa batalAye gaye haiM, unheM bhI asvIkAra kara kSapaNaka kA manamAnA lakSaNa banA liyA jAya, to bhI 'mahAbhArata' kI racanA ke samaya zvetAmbara - jinakalpI sAdhuoM kA astitva nahIM thA, isalie unheM 'kSapaNaka' zabda se abhihita kiye jAne kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| ina pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki 'mahAbhArata' meM 'nagnakSapaNaka' nAma se digambarajaina muni kA hI ullekha hai| 29 zvetAmbara sAdhu 'zvetapaTa' yA 'sitAmbara' nAma se prasiddha zivamahApurANa meM zvetAmbara sAdhu jaina - jainetaroM meM zvetAmbarasAdhu 'zvetavastra' yA 'zvetapaTa' nAma se prasiddha the, kyoMki ve zvetavastra dhAraNa karate the| sarvaprathama samrAT azoka ke samaya meM athavA I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdI meM racita mAne jAnevAle bauddhagrantha apadAna meM setavattha ( zvetavastra) nAma se 'zvetapaTa' sAdhuoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isakA vistAra se varNana isI adhyAya dvitIya prakaraNa meM draSTavya hai / pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 ke kadambavaMzIya rAjA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke tAmrapatralekha meM nirgranthazramaNasaMgha ke pratipakSI ke rUpa meM zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha kI carcA huI hai| sAtavIM zatI I0 ke Adi meM bANabhaTTa dvArA racita ' kAdambarI' aura 'harSacarita' meM 'zikhipiccha - lAJchana' evaM 'nagnATaka' vizeSaNoM se kSapaNakoM (digambarajaina muniyoM) kA tathA 'zvetapaTa' nAma se zvetAmbara muniyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| chaThI zatI I0 ke digambarAcArya joindudeva ne 'paramAtmaprakAza' meM 'kSapaNaka' aura 'zvetapaTa' (sevaDau ) ina do sampradAyoM ke muniyoM kA nAma liyA hai| 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' ke vRttikAra maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne 2585vIM gAthA kI vRtti meM eka purAnI gAthA uddhRta kI hai, usameM bhI ' kSapaNaka', 'buddha' aura 'zvetapaTa' (seyavaDo) ina tIna sampradAyoM ke muniyoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ina sabake pramANa pUrva meM 'mahAbhArata' zIrSaka ke antargata diye jA cuke haiM / 473 I0 ke vimalasUrikRta 'paumacariya' meM 'sitAmbara' For Personal & Private Use Only w

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298 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 ( siyaMbara) zabda se zvetAmbaroM kA abhidhAna kiyA gayA hai / yathA pecchai paribhamaMto dAhiNadese siyaMbaraM paNao / tassa sagAse dhammaM suNiUNa tao samADhatto // anuvAda-" rAjyacyuta rAjA saudAsa ko dakSiNadeza meM bhramaNa karate hue zvetAmbaramuni ke darzana hote haiN| unase vaha dharma kA zravaNa kara zrAvakavrata grahaNa karatA hai|" 'halAyudhakoza' (abhidhAnaratnamAlA) meM jahA~ digambara jainamuni ko 'kSapaNa', 'nirgrantha' aura 'maladhArI' kahA gayA hai, vahIM rajoharaNa evaM zvetavastra dhAraNa karanevAle muni kA 'sitAmbara' nAma batalAyA gayA hai rajoharaNadhArI ca zvetavAsAH sitAmbarAH // 2/189 // nagnATo digvAsAH kSapaNaH zramaNazca jIvako jainAH / AjIvo maladhArI nirgranthaH kathyate sadbhiH // 2 / 190 // vaidikaparamparA ke zivamahApurANa meM jainamatotpatti kI kalpita kathA prastuta karate hue zvetAmbaramuniyoM kI carcA kI gayI hai, kintu vahA~ unheM arihan kahA gayA hai, kSapaNaka yA nirgrantha nAma prayukta nahIM kiyA gyaa| pramANa ke lie kathA kA sambandhita aMza nIce diyA jA rahA hai tripuravAsI daityoM kA vadha karane ke lie unake dharma meM vighna upasthita karanA Avazyaka thaa| isa hetu bhagavAn viSNu ne apane zarIra se eka mAyAmaya puruSa kI sRSTi kii| usakA sira mur3A huA thA, zarIra para maile vastra the, hAtha meM gumphipAtra (kASThanirmita pAtra) aura puMjikA (rajoharaNa) vidyamAna thI tathA mukha vastrakhaNDa se AcchAdita thA asRjacca mahAtejAH puruSaM ekaM mAyAmayaM teSAM muNDinaM mlAnavastraM ca dadhAnaM puJjikAM haste " a0 4 / pra0 1 svAtmasambhavam / dharmavighnArthamacyutaH // 22 / 78 // gumphipAtrasamanvitam / cAlayantaM pade pade // vastrayuktaM tathA hastaM kSIyamANaM mukhe sadA / dharmeti vyAharantaM hi vAcA viklavayA munim // 64 vaha muMDI viSNu ke samakSa upasthita huA / viSNu ne kahA - "tumhArA nAma 'arihan' 64. zivamahApurANa / rudrasaMhitA / yuddhakhaNDa / adhyAya 4 / zloka 1-3 / pR. 432 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 299 hogaa| tuma mAyAbala se solaha hajAra mAyAmaya zAstroM kI apabhraMzabhASA meM racanA karo, jo zrauta aura smArta AcAra ke viruddha tathA varNAzrama-vyavasthA se rahita hoM aura karmasiddhAntapradhAna hoM arihannAma te syAttu hyanyAni ca zubhAni c| sthAnaM vakSyAmi te pazcAcchRNu prstutmaadraat|| mAyinmAyAmayaM zAstraM ttssoddshshsrkm| zrautasmArtaviruddhaM ca vrnnaashrmvivrjitm|| apabhraMzamayaM zAstraM karmavAdamayaM tthaa| racayeti prayatnena tadvistAro bhvissyti||65 usa muNDI ne apane jaise cAra ziSyoM kI racanA kI tathA unheM mAyAmaya zAstra pddh'aaye| ve cAroM muNDI pASaNDa (vedaviruddha) dharma ke anuyAyI the, hAtha meM pAtra lie hue the, vastra se mukha AcchAdita kiye hue the, zarIra para maile vastra the, aura 'dharmalAbha ho' aisA AzIrvAda de rahe the| hAtha meM vastrakhaNDa nirmita mArjanI (rajoharaNa) vidyamAna thI tathA jIvahiMsA ke bhaya se dhIre-dhIre cala rahe the catvAro muNDinaste'tha dharmaM paassnnddmaashritaaH| haste pAtraM dadhAnAzca tuNDavastrasya dhaarkaaH|| malinAnyeva vAsAMsi dhArayanto hybhaassinnH| dharmo lAbhaH paraM tattvaM vdntstvtihrsstH|| mArjanI dhriyamANazca vstrkhnnddvinirmitaam| zanaiH zanaizcalanto hi jIvahiMsAbhayAd dhruvm|| 66 yahA~ viSNu ke dvArA race gaye mAyAmaya puruSa ko mailevastra, kASThanirmitapAtra, rajoharaNa evaM mukhavastrikA dhAraNa kiye hue tathA dharmalAbha kA AzIrvAda dete hue dikhalAyA gayA hai| ye zvetAmbaramuni ke lakSaNa haiN| zivamahApurANa ke kartA ne ina lakSaNoMvAle ukta puruSa ko 'arihan' nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai, kintu 'kSapaNaka' yA 'nirgrantha' nAma prayukta nahIM kiyaa| ina udAharaNoM se siddha hai ki jaina-jainetara sampradAyoM meM zvetAmbara muni 'zvetavastra', 'zvetapaTa' aura 'sitAmbara' nAmoM se hI prasiddha the, 'kSapaNaka' yA 'nirgrantha' nAma se nhiiN| 65. vahI/zloka 9-11/ pR.432| 66. vahI/zloka 28-30/ pR.433| For Personal & Private Use Only

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300 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 1 30 ' kSapaNaka' zabda yApanIyasAdhu kA bhI vAcaka nahIM jaisA ki pUrva (adhyAya 2/ pra.2 / zI. 3) meM kahA gayA hai, muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne 'kSapaNaka' (khamaNa) kA artha yApanIya sAdhu mAnA hai / ( ' kSapaNaka' kA prAkRtarUpa 'khamaNa' hai| dekhiye, a.4/pra.1 / zI. 5/pra.parI./gA. 71) / aba yahA~ itihAsakAra zvetAmbara muniyoM kI svacchanda kapolakalpanAoM kA manoraMjaka dRzya upasthita hotA hai| eka munizrI kahate haiM ki ' kSapaNaka' zabda kA artha zvetAmbara - jinakalpI muni hai, dUsare kahate haiM ki vaha yApanIyasAdhu kA paryAyavAcI hai| isase siddha hai ki donoM mAnya muniyoM ne pramANoM ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu manaHkalpanAoM ke AdhAra para kalpita itihAsa racane kI ceSTA kI hai| yadi bAta pramANoM ke AdhAra para kI jAtI, to donoM muniyoM kA eka hI niSkarSa hotA, paraspara viruddha nahIM / satya yaha hai ki ' kSapaNaka' zabda yApanIyasAdhu kA bhI vAcaka nahIM hai| isake nimnalikhita kAraNa haiM 1. samasta prAcIna zvetAmbaragranthoM meM eka svara se strImuktivirodhI digambarajaina muniyoM ko hI 'boTika' aura 'kSapaNaka' kahA gayA hai, isalie muni kalyANavijaya jI kA yaha kathana sarvathA manaHkalpita hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM jAne para boTika arthAt digambarajaina 'yApanIya' aura 'kSapaNaka' (khamaNa) nAma se prasiddha hue| (zra.bha.ma. / pR. 301 ) / ' kSapaNaka' nAma se to ve pahale se hI prasiddha the / 'yApanIya' nAma se prasiddha hue, isakA koI sAhityika yA zilAlekhIya pramANa nahIM hai| dakSiNabhArata meM yApanIyasampradAya kI navIna utpatti huI thI, vaha bhI zvetAmbarasampradAya se hI / isakA sapramANa pratipAdana 'yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa' nAmaka adhyAya meM draSTavya hai / 2. bhAratIya sAhitya meM ' kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga yApanIyoM kI utpatti ke bahuta pahale se milatA hai / mahAbhArata kI racanA I. pU. 400 se I. pU. 100 ke bIca huI hai| usameM nagnakSapaNaka kA ullekha hai, jabaki 'yApanIya' zabda kA ullekha pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 ke pUrva bhAratIya sAhitya ke kisI bhI grantha yA zilAlekha meM nahIM miltaa| sarvaprathama ullekha san 470 - 490 ke bIca likhe gaye dakSiNabhArata ke kadambavaMzIya rAjA mRgezavarmA ke halsI - dAnapatra ( lekha kra. 99) meM huA hai / usameM likhA hai ukta rAjA ne yApanIyoM, nirgranthoM aura kUrcakoM ko bhUmidAna kiyA thA / 67 isa ullekha ke AdhAra para yadi yApanIyasaMgha ko dAna diye jAne yogya lokamAnyatA aura rAjamAnyatA 67. " zrIvijayapalAzikAyAM yApanIyanirgranthakUrccakAnAM dttvaan|" jai.zi.saM./ mA.ca / bhA.2 / For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 301 pAne ke lie 70 varSa kA samaya bhI Avazyaka mAnA jAya to usakA utpattikAla 400 I0 se pUrva siddha nahIM hotaa| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI pA~cavI zatAbdI I0 meM hI usakI utpatti mAnI hai| isase siddha hai ki muni jI kA yaha kathana sarvathA kapolakalpita hai ki boTikoM ke lie 'yApanIya' aura 'kSapaNaka' zabdoM kA prayoga dakSiNa bhArata meM jAne para huA thaa| cU~ki bhAratIya sAhitya meM 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga yApanIyoM kI utpatti ke bahuta pahale se hotA A rahA thA, ataH siddha hai ki 'kSapaNaka' zabda yApanIyasAdhu kA paryAyavAcI nahIM hai, apitu digambara jainamuniyoM kA hI nAmAntara hai| isalie pA~cavI zatI I0 ke bahuta pUrva race gaye 'mahAbhArata', 'cANakyazataka', 'paMcataMtra' Adi granthoM meM jo kSapaNakoM kI carcA hai, vaha yApanIya sAdhuoM kI nahIM, apitu digambarajaina sAdhuoM kI hI hai| ___ 3. zvetAmbara muniyoM ke samAna yApanIya muni bhI vandanA kiye jAne para 'dharmalAbha' kA AzIrvAda dete the, digambaroM ke samAna 'dharmavRddhi' kA nhiiN| 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' ke TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri ne kahA hai-"gopyAstu vandyamAnA dharmalAbhaM bhnnnti| gopyA yApanIyA ity'pyucynte|" (pRSTha 161) / kintu 'paMcataMtra' kI pUrvokta kathA meM pradhAna kSapaNaka nApita ko 'dharmavRddhi' kA AzIrvAda dete haiN| yaha kSapaNaka ke digambara jainamuni hone kA akATya pramANa hai| ina pramANoM se siddha hai ki 'kSapaNaka' yApanIya sAdhu kA nAmAntara nahIM hai, apitu digambarajaina sAdhu kA paryAyavAcI hai| ataH 'mahAbhArata' Adi vaidikaparamparA ke granthoM meM 'kSapaNaka' zabda se digambarajaina sAdhuoM kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai| - digambarajaina muni aura AjIvika sAdhu meM bheda yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki 'mahAbhArata' Adi vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga AjIvika sAdhuoM ke lie kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ke kathana kI saMbhAvanA aura ayuktimattA ko samajhane ke lie zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ke nimnalikhita vaktavya kA anuzIlana karanA Avazyaka hai| ve likhate haiM "nandIsUtra ke ullekhAnusAra pUrvazruta meM AjIvika aura trairAzika matAnusArI sUtraparipATI kA varNana hone se DaoN0 hArnale kA kathana hai ki jina AjIvika aura trairAzikoM kA nandI meM ullekha hai, ve gozAlaka se badala kara mahAvIra ke pAsa gaye hue AjIvika the| ye donoM sampradAya nirgranthasampradAya se pRthak nahIM the| unakA yaha bhI kathana hai ki vartamAna digambarajaina-saMgha unhIM AjIvika aura trairAzikoM kA uttarAdhikArI hai| isake pratipAdana meM ve kahate haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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302 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 1 1. " mahAvIra ke sAtha gozAlaka kA jhagar3A huA, usa samaya jo AjIvika bhikSu mahAvIra se jA mile the, unhoMne apanA nAgnyAcAra kAyama rakkhA thA / 2.'"AjIvika aura trairAzikoM ke mata kA pUrvazruta meM varNana hone se ye nirgrantha sampradAya ke vartula ke bAhara ke nahIM ho skte| 3. " AjIvika nagna hote the aura digambara bhI nagna hote haiN| 4. " AjIvika eka daNDa rakhate the aura digambara bhI rakhate haiN| 5. " tAmila bhASA meM 'AjIvika' zabda kA artha digambara hotA hai / 6." zIlAGkAcArya ke lekha se AjIvika aura digambara eka sAbita hote haiM / 7. " dasavIM sadI ke koSakAra halAyudha ne digambaroM ko AjIvika likhA hai / " (zra.bha.ma./pR.275-276) / 1 DaoN0 hArnale ke ina tarkoM kI mImAMsA karate hue muni jI likhate haiM 1. " DaoN0 mahodaya ke 'mahAvIra se jA milane vAle AjIvika bhikSu nirgranthasaMgha meM milane ke bAda bhI nagna hI rahe the' isa kathana meM kucha bhI pramANa nahIM hai| 2. " pUrvazruta meM ullekha hone se hI AjIvika aura trairAzikoM ko nirgranthasaMgha ke vartula ke bhItara mAna lenA bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki pUrvazruta dRSTivAda kA eka bhAga hone se usameM anya dArzanikoM ke mata kA ullekha honA koI nayI bAta nahIM hai / dRSTivAda meM pratyeka darzana kI AlocanA - pratyAlocanA honA svAbhAvika hai| AjIvika aura trairAzikoM ke siddhAnta adhikAMza meM jainasiddhAntoM se milate julate the, isa vAste sUtra - vibhAga meM inake matAnusArI sUtroM kA honA kucha asvAbhAvika yA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai| aura isa kAraNa se hI inako nirgranthasaMgha meM mAna lenA ThIka nhiiN| 3. " AjIvika aura digambara donoM nagna hone se bhI eka nahIM ho skte| AjIvikoM kI hI taraha pUraNakazyapa aura usake anuyAyI bhI nagna rahate the, to kyA nagnatA ke nAte inako bhI una donoM se abhinna mAna liyA jAyagA ? kabhI nhiiN| vartamAna samaya meM niraMjanI Adi aneka vaiSNava sAdhuoM kI jamAteM nagna rahatI haiM, phira bhI yaha kabhI nahIM kaha sakate ki digambarajaina sAdhu inase abhinna haiM / 4. " digambara jainoM ke eka daNDa rakhane ke vidhAna kI bAta bhI hama satya nahIM mAna skte| jahA~ taka hameM jJAta hai digambarajaina sAdhu kisI bhI taraha kA daNDa nahIM rakhate aura na aisA karane kA unake zAstroM meM vidhAna hI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 303 5."tAmila bhASA meM AjIvika zabda kA artha 'digambara' karane se bhI AjIvika aura digambarajaina eka nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki usa pradeza meM AjIvikoM kA adhika pracAra thA aura ve nirantara nagna hI rahate the, isa kAraNa ve vahA~ digambara bhI kahalAte hoNge| parantu isa zabdArtha mAtra se digambarajaina aura AjIvika abhinna siddha nahIM ho skte| nagna rahane se hara koI digambara kahA jA sakatA hai, para isase vaha digambarajaina hI hai yaha mAna lenA yuktisaMgata nhiiN| 6."zIlAMkAcArya ne 'AjIvika' kA paryAya "digambara' kiyA to isase bhI unakI nagnatA mAtra prakaTa hotI hai, na ki digambarajainoM se abhinntaa| ___7."halAyudha ne abhidhAnaratnamAlA meM digambarajainoM ko AjIvika kaha diyA, isase bhI ve abhinna siddha nahIM kiye jA skte| koSakAra kucha prAmANika itihAsakAra nahIM hote ki ve jo kucha likheM pramANasiddha hI likheN| apane samaya meM jisa zabda kA jo artha kiyA jAtA ho, use usa artha meM likha denA, itanA hI koSakAroM kA kartavya hotA hai| halAyudha ke samaya meM digambarajainoM ko jainetara loga AjIvika nAma se bhI pahacAnate hoMge, isa kAraNa koSakAra ne unheM AjIvika bhI likha diyA, para itane hI se ve AjIvika nahIM ho skte| "Upara hamane dekhA ki DaoN0 hAnale ke diye hue pramANoM meM eka bhI pramANa aisA nahIM, jo digambarajainoM ko hI AjIvika athavA trairAzika siddha kara ske| isake atirikta digambaroM ko trairAzika mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI dArzanikamAnyatA-viSayaka sAdRzya bhI nahIM hai| yadi digambarajaina hI trairAzika hote, to inameM bhI sat, asat, sadasat, nitya, anitya, nityAnitya ityAdi trairAzika-sammata tIna rAzi kI aura tIna naya kI mAnyatA hotI, para aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| (a.bha.ma./ pR.276-278)| "zvetAmbara-jainasaMgha ke aneka naye-purAne granthoM meM digambara-sampradAya kA ullekha aura varNana hai, para kahIM bhI inako zvetAmbaroM ne 'AjIvika' athavA 'trairAzika' nahIM khaa| bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM meM sarvatra inako 'boDiya' (boTika) isa nAma se vyavahRta kiyA hai| dasavIM sadI ke bAda ke granthoM meM AzAmbara, digambara, dikpaTa ityAdi nAmoM kA inake liye prayoga huA hai| kahIM bhI AjIvika athavA trairAzika ye zabda digambarajainoM ke lie prayukta nahIM hue| yadi ve eka hote, to sabase pahale zvetAmbarajaina hI unako gozAlaka-ziSya kahakara tiraskRta karate, kyoMki unake sabase adhika nikaTavartI ve hI the| para vaisA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| isake viparIta zvetAmbara granthakAroM ne digambara aura AjIvikoM kA bhinna-bhinna ullekha kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para hama yahA~ oghaniyukti-bhASya kI eka gAthA kA avataraNa deMge, jisameM AjIvika aura digambaroM kA alaga-alaga ullekha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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304 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 "sAdhu varSA-cAturmAsya ke lie grAma meM praveza kareM, usa samaya hone vAle apazakunoM kA varNana karate hue ukta bhASyakAra kahate haiM cakkayaraMmi bhamADo, bhukkhAmAro ya pNddurNgNmi| taccannia ruhirapanaM, boDiyamasie dhuvaM mrnnN||107|| "arthAt (grAma meM pravezaka karate samaya) cakradhara bhikSu sAmane mile, to cAturmAsya meM bhaTakanA par3e, pAMDuraMga AjIvika bhikSu sAmane mile, to bhUkha aura mAra sahana karanI par3e bauddha bhikSu ke sAmane milane para khUna gire aura boTika (digambarajaina) tathA asitabhauta nAmaka bhikSuoM ke sAmane milane para nizcita maraNa ho| "uparyukta gAthA meM AjIvikoM ke lie pAMDuraMga aura digambaroM ke lie boDiya nAma prayukta hue haiN| yadi ve donoM eka hI hote to unakA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se ullekha karane kI kucha bhI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| "ina saba bAtoM kA vicAra karane para yaha bAta nizcita ho jAtI hai ki digambarajaina mUla nirgranthasaMgha kA hI eka vibhAga hai| AjIvika yA trairAzikoM se isakA kucha bhI sambandha nhiiN| (a.bha.ma./ pR.278-279)| 32 AjIvikoM kA itihAsa prasaMgavaza AjIvikoM ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlate hue muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI likhate haiM "aba hama AjIvikoM ke itihAsa para dRSTipAta kreNge| bauddha mahAvaMza meM laMkA ke rAjA 'pAMDukAbhaya' ke AjIvikoM ke liye eka makAna banavAne kA ullekha hai| yadi mahAvaMzakAra kA yaha kathana ThIka ho to I0 sa0 pUrva pA~cavI sadI ke aMtima caraNa taka AjIvika laMkA taka pahu~ca gaye the, yahI kahanA caahiye| "upalabdha sAdhanoM meM AjIvikoM ke sambandha meM sabase prAcIna ullekha to gayA ke pAsa barbara pahAr3a kI eka guphA kI dIvAra para khude hue azoka ke eka lekha meM hai| isameM likhe mujaba yaha lekha mahArAjA azoka ke rAjya meM terahaveM varSa meM khodA gayA thaa| isa lekha kA bhAva yaha hai-"rAjA priyadarzI ne apane rAjya ke terahaveM varSa meM yaha guphA AjIvikoM ko arpaNa kii|" "dUsarA ullekha isI mahArAja azoka ke zAsanastaMbhoM meM ke sAtaveM stambha para rAjya ke 28veM varSa meM khude hue lekha meM AtA hai, jo isa prakAra hai- "maiMne yojanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 305 kI hai ki mere dharma-mahAmAtra bauddha saMgha ke, brAhmaNoM ke, AjIvikoM ke, nirgranthoM ke aura vAstavika bhinnatAvAle kucha pASaNDoM ke kArya meM vyApta ho jaayeNge| "tIsarA prAcIna ullekha nAgArjuna kI guphA kI dIvAroM para khude hue azoka ke putra dazaratha ke lekha meM AtA hai, jo isa prakAra hai-'yaha guphA mahArAja dazaratha ne rAjagaddI para Ane ke bAda turanta AcandrArka nivAsa ke lie sammAnya AjIvikoM ko arpaNa kii|' ___ "pahale jo AjIvikoM ke pAsa kAlakAcArya ke nimittazAstra par3hane kI bAta kahI gaI hai, usase siddha hai ki vikrama-pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM AjIvikoM kA khAsA pracAra thaa| AjIvikoM kA eka vicitra vRttAnta sadajIro suguira (Sadajiro Suguira) 'hindU lojika aija prIjarva ina cAinA eNDa jApAna' nAmaka choTe grantha meM AtA hai| ___ "upodghAta ke pRSTha solaha para granthakAra kahatA hai-'cInI aura jApAnI granthakartA bAra-bAra ina mahAsampradAyoM meM (arthAt suprasiddha chaH bhAratIya sampradAyoM meM) do vizeSa sampradAyoM kA samAveza karate haiM jo 'nikendabrI' aura 'azivika' ke nAma se pahicAne jAte haiM aura eka dUsare se bilakula milate-julate haiN| ye donoM mAnate haiM ki pApI jAvana kA daNDa jaldI yA derI se cukAnA hI par3atA hai aura isase bacanA azakya hone se jaise bhI ho yaha jaldI hI cukAnA acchA hai, jisase ki bhAvI jIvana Ananda meM nirgamana ho ske| isa prakAra inake vicAra tApasika the| upavAsa, mauna, acalAsana aura AkaMTha apane ko dabAye rakhanA ye inakI tapasyA ke bodhaka the| sambhavataH ye sampradAya jaina athavA kisI anya hindU sampradAya kI prazAkhAyeM thiiN|' "ukta lekha meM ullikhita 'nikendabrI' aura 'azivika' kramazaH nirgranthavratI aura AjIvika haiM, isameM kucha bhI saMzaya nahIM hai| "bRhajjAtaka ke pravrajyAyoga-prakaraNa meM varAhamihira ne jo sAta bhikSuvarga batAye haiM, unameM AjIvika bhI zAmila haiN| "vikrama kI sAtavIM sadI kI kRti nizIthacUrNi meM 'AjIvika' zabda kA paricaya dete hue cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara likhate haiM-'AjIvaka gozAlaka-ziSya hote haiM, jo paMDarabhikSuka bhI kahalAte haiN|' oghaniyukti-bhASyakAra bhI AjIvikoM kA pAMDuraMga nAma se vyavahAra karate haiM, jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai| "anuyogadvAra cUrNi meM 'paMDaraMga' zabda kA paryAya batAte hue cUrNikAra kahate haiM-"paMDaraMgA sA (sasa) rakkhA" arthAt 'paMDaraMga' kA artha 'sarajaska' bhikSu hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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306 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 1 " dasavIM sadI ke prasiddha jaina TIkAkAra AcArya zIlAMka ne ekadaNDiyoM ko zivabhakta batAyA hai / " (zra.bha.ma. / pR. 279-280) / 'gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke TIkAkAra bhaTTotpala ne bRhajjAtaka kI TIkA meM 'AjIvikoM' kA artha 'ekadaNDI' kiyA hai aura unheM 'nArAyaNa' kA bhakta likhA hai| 44 " uparyukta pramANoM aura nAmollekhoM se jo niSkarSa nikalatA hai, usakA sAra yaha hai ki bRhajjAtaka ke ullekha se pAyA jAtA hai ki varAhamihira ke samaya arthAt vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha taka AjIvika vidyamAna the aura ve 'AjIvika' nAma se hI pahacAne jAte the / " nizIthacUrNi aura oghaniyukti ke bhASyakAra ke samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM AjIvika 'gozAlakaziSya' ke nAma se prasiddha hone para bhI 'pANDurabhikSu' athavA 'pANDuraMgabhikSu' kahalAne lage the| " anuyogadvAracUrNi meM 'paMDuraMga' zabda kA paryAya 'sarajaska' likhA hai| isase hameM unakA 'pANDuraMga' yaha nAma pracalita hone kA kAraNa bhI samajha meM A jAtA hai| AjIvika bhikSu nagna rahate the, isa kAraNa saMbhava hai ki zItanivAraNArtha zaiva saMnyAsiyoM kI taraha inhoMne bhI apane zarIra para bhasma yA kisI taraha kI sapheda dhUla (rajas) lagAnA zurU kara diyA ho aura isase ve pAMDuraMga ( bhUre raMgavAle) yA 'pAMDurAGga' ( dhUsara zarIravAle) kahalAne lage hoN| kucha bhI ho, para yaha to nizcita hai ki ina nAmoM ke sAtha hI AjIvika naye dharma-sampradAyoM ke nikaTa pahu~ca cuke the aura isakA pariNAma vahI huA jo honA cAhiye thaa| vikrama kI AThavIM sadI meM pahu~ca kara AjIvika apanA astitva kho baitthe| ve hamezA ke lie zaiva aura vaiSNava sampradAyoM meM milakara unhIM nAmoM se prasiddha ho gye| AcArya zIlAGka inako zaiva aura bhaTTotpala nArAyaNabhakta batAte haiM, usakA yahI kAraNa hai| " dakSiNa bhArata meM tathA anyatra Aja taka niraMjanI Adi nagna saMnyAsiyoM kI jamAteM jo dRSTigocara hotI haiM, hamAre khyAla se ye usI nAmazeSa AjIvika saMpradAya ke avazeSa haiN| " aba hama eka zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa kara ke isa lekha ko pUrA kreNge| " vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI meM hI AjIvika sampradAya nAmazeSa ho gayA thA' hamAre isa kathana para prazna ho sakatA hai ki yadi AThavIM zatAbdI meM hI AjIvikoM kI samApti ho gaI hotI, to vikrama kI terahavIM sadI ke cauthe aura caudahavIM sadI ke pahale caraNa meM colarAjA 'rAja' ke dvArA perumAla ke mandira kI dIvAroM para khudavAye For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a04/pra01 ___ jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 307 gaye saMvat 1295-1296, 1300 aura 1316 ke zilAlekhoM me AjIvikoM para kara lagAne kA ullekha kaise hotA? ___ "uttara yaha hai ki ukta lekhoM meM AjIvikoM para kara lagAne kA jo ullekha hai, vaha gozAlakaziSya AjIvikoM ke liye nahIM, kintu AjIvikoM ke sAdRzya se pichale samaya meM 'AjIvika' nAmaprApta 'digambara' jainoM ke liye hai| - "dakSiNa bhArata AjIvika aura digambarajaina donoM hI kA mukhya vihArakSetra thaa| yahI nahIM, donoM hI sampradAyavAle digambara aura avaidika bhikSu the| isa kAraNa sarvasAdhAraNa meM una donoM kA bheda samajhanA sahaja nahIM thaa| loga AjIvikoM ko digambara samajha lete the aura digambaroM ko AjIvika bhii| parantu jaba se khare AjIvika AjIvika miTakara paMDuraMgAdi nAmoM se prasiddha ho vaiSNavAdi sampradAyoM meM mila gaye, taba se AjIvika nAma kevala digambarajainoM ke liye hI raha gyaa| dhanaJjaya digambarajainoM ke AjIvika nAma se prasiddha hone kI jo bAta kahatA hai, usakA kAraNa bhI isase samajha meM A jAtA hai, kyoMki usa samaya se bahuta pahale hI vAstavika AjIvikoM kA astitva miTa cukA thA aura nagna bhikSuoM ke liye suprasiddha 'AjIvika' nAma kA prayoga nagna bhikSuoM ke nAte digambarajaina sAdhuoM ke liye rUr3ha ho gayA thaa| rAjA 'rAja' ke lekhoM meM digambarajainoM ke liye jo 'AjIvika' zabda prayukta huA hai, usakA yahI kAraNa hai|" (a.bha.ma./ pR.280-282)| ___ muni jI ke kathana kA sAra yaha hai ki DaoN0 hArnale, koSakAra halAyudha tathA colarAjA ke rAjya kI janatA ne nagnatA kI samAnatA ke kAraNa digambarasAdhuoM ko AjIvikasAdhu mAna liyA, jo galata thaa| ve sarvathA bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM ke sAdhu the| muni jI ne AjIvika sAdhuoM ke lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAye haiM 1. ve makkhaliputra gozAlaka ke anuyAyI the| 2. nagna rahate the, eka daNDa rakhate the aura zarIra para bhasma lagAte the| 3. pANipAtra meM bhojana lekara grahaNa karate the evaM kezaloca bhI karate the, kintu mayUrapicchI nahIM rakhate the|68 4. zivabhakta evaM nArAyaNabhakta the| 5. sAhitya aura zilAlekhoM meM digambaroM aura AjIvikoM kA alaga-alaga ullekha huA hai| 68. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra / pR. 259-275 tathA paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / pUrvapIThikA / pR. 463 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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308 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra01 33 AjIvika sAdhu kI bhI 'kSapaNaka' saMjJA saMbhava nahIM cU~ki 'AjIvika' bahuta prAcIna sampradAya thA aura isa sampradAya ke sAdhu bhI nagna rahate the, isalie DaoN0 hArnale ke samAna koI Adhunika vidvAn yaha bhI kaha sakatA hai ki 'mahAbhArata' Adi meM 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga AjIvika sAdhuoM ke lie kiyA gayA hai| kintu yaha kathana sarvathA asaMgata hogaa| isake nimnalikhita kAraNa haiM 1. 'kSapaNaka' zabda nagna munimAtra kA vAcaka nahIM hai, balki sampradAyavizeSa ke arthAt digambarajaina sampradAya ke nagna muni kA vAcaka hai| zvetAmbaragranthoM meM AjIvika sAdhuoM ko 'AjIvika' aura 'pANDuraMga' (bhasmalipta zvetAMgavAlA) zabdoM se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai, 'boTika' yA 'kSapaNaka' zabda se nhiiN| saMskRtasAhitya meM "kSapaNaka' ko 'jina' yA 'arahanta' kA anuyAyI, mayUrapicchIdhArI, 'dharmavRddhi' kA AzIrvAda denevAlA Adi vizeSaNoM ke sAtha varNita kiyA gayA hai, jo digambarajaina sAdhu ke viziSTa lakSaNa haiN| ataH 'kSapaNaka' zabda digambarajaina muni ke hI artha meM prayukta huA hai| hA~, 'AjIvika' zabda kA prayoga avazya, nAgnya-sAdRzya ke kAraNa bhramavaza colarAjA (13-14vIM zatAbdI I0) ke zilAlekhoM meM digambarajaina sAdhuoM ke lie kiyA gayA hai, kintu AjIvikoM ke lie kSapaNaka, boTika yA nirgrantha zabda kA prayoga kahIM bhI nahIM huA hai| yadi eka bhI grantha yA abhilekha meM 'pANDuraMga' (bhasmalipta zvetazarIra) tathA 'ekadaNDadhArI' vizeSaNoM ke sAtha kisI nagna sAdhu ke lie 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga mila jAya, to mAnA jA sakatA hai ki 'kSapaNaka' zabda nagnamunimAtra kA vAcaka hai aura usase 'AjIvika' sAdhu kA bhI bodha hotA hai| isI prakAra eka bhI grantha meM 'rajoharaNa' aura 'mukhavastrikA' ke cihnoM ke sAtha 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA vyavahAra upalabdha hone para yaha svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'kSapaNaka' zabda zvetAmbarajinakalpI muni kA bhI bodhaka hai| tathaiva eka bhI grantha meM 'dharmalAbha' ke AzIrvacana sahita kisI nagna muni ke liye 'kSapaNaka' zabda prayukta huA dikhAI de, to yaha mAnane meM saMkoca nahIM ho sakatA ki yApanIyasAdhu bhI kSapaNaka kahalAte the| kintu kisI bhI grantha yA zilAlekha meM uparyukta lakSaNoM ke sAtha 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga upalabdha nahIM hotaa| sarvatra 'nagna', 'Ahata', 'jinAnuyAyI' 'mayUrapicchadhArI' evaM 'dharmavRddhi kA AzIrvAda denevAlA' ina vizeSaNoM meM se hI kisI vizeSaNa ke sAtha 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| ataH yaha nirvivAdarUpa se siddha hotA hai ki 'kSapaNaka' zabda se sarvatra digambarajaina muni kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai, 'AjIvika' Adi kA nhiiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra01 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 309 34 'nirgrantha' zabda kevala digambara jaina sAdhuoM ke lie prasiddha 'kSapaNaka' zabda ke samAna 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga bhI digambarajaina-sAhitya vaidikasAhitya, bauddhasAhitya, saMskRtasAhitya, zabdakozoM aura abhilekhoM meM kevala digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie huA hai| isakA sapramANa pratipAdana dvitIya adhyAya ke SaSTha prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai tathA prastuta adhyAya meM bhI isake pramANa vistArapUrvaka draSTavya haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya prakaraNa bauddhasAhitya meM digambarajaina muni 1 prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kA ullekha zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne likhA hai ki "bauddhoM ke prAcIna zAstroM meM nagna jaina sAdhuoM kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai aura visAkhAvatthu, dhammapada - aTThakathA, divyAvadAna Adi meM jahA~ nagna nirgranthoM kA ullekha milatA hai, ve grantha usa samaya ke haiM, jaba ki yApanIyasaMgha aura Adhunika sampradAya taka prakaTa ho cuke the| DAyologsa oNv buddha nAmaka pustaka ke Upara se bauddha granthoM meM varNita kucha AcAra bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha nAmaka pustaka (pRSTha 61-65) meM diye gaye haiM, jinameM 'nagna' rahane aura hAtha meM khAne kA bhI ullekha hai / pustaka ke lekhaka bAbU kAmatAprasAda kI dRSTi meM ye AcAra prAcIna jaina sAdhuoM ke hai, parantu vAstava meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / majjhimanikAya meM sApha-sApha likhA gayA hai ki ye AcAra AjIvika saMgha ke nAyaka gozAlaka tathA unake mitra nandavaccha aura kissasaMkicca ke haiM, jinakA buddha ke samakSa niggaMthazramaNa saccaka ne varNana kiyA thA / " 69 70 yadyapi muni jI kA yaha kathana satya hai ki bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ne uparyukta pustaka meM jina AcAroM ko jaina sAdhuoM kA AcAra batalAyA hai, ve vastutaH AjIvika sAdhuoM ke AcAra haiM, deg tathApi yaha kathana satya nahIM hai ki prAcIna bauddha zAstroM meM nagna jaina sAdhuoM kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai / sarvaprathama to prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM anekatra nigaNThanAtaputta yA nigaNThanATaputta (nirgrantha jJAtaputra) ke nAma se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tathA nigaNTha zabda se unake anuyAyI sAdhuoM kI carcA kI gaI hai aura 'nirgrantha' zabda 'nagna' yA 'acelaka' ke artha meM zAstraprasiddha aura lokaprasiddha hai, yaha dvitIya adhyAya ke SaSTha prakaraNa meM sapramANa siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| isake atirikta aMguttaranikAya nAmaka prAcIna (IsApUrvavartI) bauddhagrantha meM nirgranthoM ko ahirikA ( ahIka = nirlajja ) kahakara unake nagna rahane kA dyotana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra bauddhoM ke prAcIna sAhitya meM sarvatra nagna jaina muniyoM kA hI ullekha hai, zvetAmbara jaina muniyoM 69. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra / pR. 330 - 331 / 70. "seyyathIdaM-nando vaccho, kiso saGkicco, makkhali gosAlo - ete hi bho gotama! acelakA muttAcArA, hatthApalekhanA / " mahAsaccakasuttaM / majjhimanikAya / 1 . mUlapaNNAsaka / pR. 292/ bihAra rAjakIya pAli prakAzana maNDala / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 311 kI carcA to eka hI sthAna para hai| Age bauddhasAhitya ke una prasaMgoM ko upasthita kiyA jA rahA hai, jinameM nirgranthoM aura unake nagnatva kI carcA kI gaI hai| 1.1. aMguttaranikAya meM nirgranthoM kI nagnatA kA dyotana prAcIna bauddhasAhitya 'tripiTaka' nAma se prasiddha hai| 29 varSa IsA pUrva zrIlaMkA meM rAjA vaTTagAminI ke samaya meM prathama bAra tripiTakoM ko lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| 'aMguttaranikAya' tripiTakoM meM suttapiTaka kA cauthA grantha hai| ataH usakI prAcInatA pramANita hai| usameM eka 'nigaNThasutta' hai, jisameM nirgranthoM ke dasa asaddharmoM (doSoM) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| unameM eka nirlajjatA nAmaka asaddharma bhI batalAyA gayA hai| sutta kA vaha aMza isa prakAra hai "dasahi bhikkhave asaddhammehi samannAgatA nignntthaa| katamehi dasahi? assaddhA bhikkhave nignntthaa| dussIlA bhikkhave nignntthaa| ahirikA bhikkhave nignntthaa| ---" (aMguttaranikAya / bhA.4 / AkaDavaggo/ nignntthsutt)| anuvAda-"bhikSuo! nirgranthoM meM dasa asaddharma haiN| kauna se dasa asaddharma? bhikSuo! nirgrantha zraddhArahita haiN| bhikSuo! nirgrantha duHzIla haiN| bhikSuo! nirgrantha ahrIka (nirlajja) haiN|" yahA~ ahrIkatA (nirlajjatA) nAmaka asaddharma kA ullekha kara nirgranthoM kI nagnatA kA dyotana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki loka meM nagna rahanA nirlajjatA kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM bhI kahA gayA hai __ "tihiM ThANehiM vatthaM dhaarejjaa| taM jahA-hiripattiyaM, duguMchApattiyaM, priishpttiyN|" (sthaa.suu./3/3/347/pR.150)| __ anuvAda-"tIna kAraNoM se vastradhAraNa karanA cAhie : hrI (lajjA) kA anubhava hone para, jugupsA kI pratIti hone para tathA parISaha-sahana kI sAmarthya na hone pr|" pravacanaparIkSA nAmaka zvetAmbaragrantha meM digambara muniyoM kI nindA karate hue kahA gayA hai-"vastrAbhAve ca rAsabhAdivadavizeSeNa lajjArAhityaM syaat| (1/2/30/ pR. 91) / arthAt vastradhAraNa na karane para gardabha Adi pazuoM ke samAna nirlajjatA prakaTa hotI hai|" ___isI kAraNa bauddhasAhitya aura zvetAmbarasAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM ko ahrIka kahA gayA hai| bauddha vaMzasAhitya ke dAThAvaMsa (13vIM zatAbdI I0) meM bhI nigaNThoM 71. jAtakapAli / bhA.2 / prastA./ pR.11/ vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa, igatapurI, 1998 I0 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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312 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 ko ahrIka kahe jAne kA udAharaNa milatA hai| yathA ime ahirikA savve sddhaadigunnvjjitaa| thaddhA saThA ca duppaJcA saggamokkhavibandhakA // 88 // iti so cintayitvAna guhasIvo nraadhipo| pavvAjesi sakAraTThA nigaNThe te asesake // 89 // 72 bauddha naiyAyika kamalazIla ne bhI jainoM kA 'ahrIka' nAma se ullekha kiyA hai-"ahrIkAdayazcodayanti" (syAdvAdaparIkSA pra./ tattvasaMgraha / pR. 486) / 'vAcaspati abhidhAnakoSa' meM bhI 'ahrIka' zabda kA artha 'digambarajaina muni' batalAyA gayA hai"ahrIkaH kSapaNake tasya digambaratvena lajjAhInatvAt tthaatvm|" 'hetuvindutarkaTIkA' meM jainamuni ke dharma kA nirdeza 'kSapaNaka' aura 'ahrIka' nAma se huA hai tathA zvetAmbarAcArya zrI vAdidevasUri ne apane 'syAdvAdaratnAkara' grantha (pR.230) meM digambara jainoM kA ullekha 'ahrIka' zabda se kiyA hai|3 ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aMguttaranikAya meM nagnatvajanya nirlajjatArUpa asaddharma (bauddhoM ke anusAra) ke kAraNa hI nirgranthoM ko ahirikA (ahrIka) kahA gayA hai| zvetAmbara muniyoM ko 'ahirikA' kahe jAne kA koI kAraNa hI nahIM hai| ataH aMguttaranikAya jaise prAcIna bauddhagrantha meM bhI digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie hI 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM nirgranthoM ke lie acelaka zabda kA bhI vyavahAra huA hai| aMguttaranikAya (bhA.3) ke 'chaLabhijAtisutta' meM pUraNa kassapa ne acelaka sAdhuoM ke zvetavastradhArI zrAvakoM ko haridrAbhijAtIya batalAyA hai| ye acelaka sAdhu AjIvika sampradAya ke nahIM the, kyoMki AjIvikoM ko pUraNa kassapa ne usI sutta meM zukla aura paramazukla abhijAtiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai| ataH siddha hai ki ukta acelaka sAdhu nirgrantha hI the| tathA aMguttaranikAya (bhA.3) ke usI 'chaLabhijAtisutta' meM zvetavastradhArI zrAvaka acelakoM ke zrAvaka kahe gaye haiM-"gihI odAtavasanA acelasAvakA" aura dIghanikAya (bhA.3) ke 'pAsAdikasutta' meM unheM nigaNThanATaputta kA zrAvaka batalAyA gayA hai-"nigaNThassa nATaputtassa sAvakA gihI odaatvsnaa|" isase bhI siddha hai ki prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM nirgrantha sAdhuoM ko nagna hI mAnA gayA hai| ye isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki prAcIna bauddhasAhitya (tripiTakoM) meM pracuratA se nagna jaina sAdhuoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ataH muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI kA yaha dAvA mithyA siddha ho jAtA hai ki bauddhoM ke prAcIna zAstroM meM nagna jaina 72. kAmatAprasAda jaina : digambaratva aura digambara muni / pA.Ti./ pR.51 se uddhRt| 73. dekhie , kAmatAprasAda jaina : digambaratva aura digambara muni / pR. 45 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 313 sAdhuoM kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai| satya yaha hai ki sampUrNa bauddhasAhitya meM 'nirgrantha' zabda se zvetAmbara sAdhuoM kA ullekha kahIM bhI nahIM miltaa| unakA ullekha 'zvetavastra' (zvetapaTa) zabda se huA hai| isakA pramANa nIce diyA jA rahA hai| 1.2. 'apadAna' grantha meM zvetavastra muniyoM kA ullekha suttapiTaka meM pA~ca nikAya haiM : dIghanikAya, majjhimanikAya, saMyuttanikAya, aGgattaranikAya aura khuddknikaay| zrI bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ne pAlisAhitya kA itihAsa nAmaka grantha meM batalAyA hai ki khuddakanikAya prathama cAra nikAyoM ke bAda kA praNayana yA saMkalana hai (pR.200, 202) / isa nikAya meM samrATa azoka ke samaya meM buddhaparinirvANa ke 236 varSa bAda pATaliputra meM huI tRtIya saMgIti taka parivardhana hote rahe (pR.85, 202) / khuddakanikAya meM 15 grantha haiN| inameM bhASA aura viSaya donoM kI dRSTi se dhammapada, suttanipAta, udAna aura itivuttaka kAlakrama kI apekSA pUrvavartI haiM (pR.203)| inake bAda jAtaka aura theratherI gAthAoM kA sthAna AtA hai (pR.204)| tatpazcAt kAlakrama meM buddhavaMsa, cariyApiTaka, niddesa, apadAna, paTisambhidAmagga, vimAnavatthu, petavatthu evaM khuddakapATha kA sthAna hai (pR.207)| kintu inameM jo adhika uttarakAlIna haiM, ve bhI azoka ke kAla (I0 pU0 3rI zatI) se uttaravartI nahIM haiM (pR.204)| inakA lipibaddhIkaraNa avazya IsApUrva 29 meM huA hai| uparyukta grantha ke anusAra apadAna (saMskRta 'avadAna') azokakAlIna racanA hai (pR.206)| "yaha khuddakanikAya ke uttarakAlIna granthoM meM se hai| isameM bauddha bhikSuoM aura bhikSuNiyoM ke pUrvajanma ke mahAn kRtyoM kA varNana hai| jAtaka ke samAna isakI bhI kahAnI ke do bhAga hote haiM : eka atIta janmasambandhI aura dUsarA vartamAna (pratyutpanna) jiivn-smbndhii| apadAna do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai : thera apadAna aura therI apdaan| thera apadAna meM 55 varga haiM aura pratyega varga meM 10 apadAna haiN| therI apadAna meM 4 varga haiM aura pratyeka varga meM 10 apadAna haiN| isI grantha para saMskRta bauddhasAhitya kA avadAnasAhitya adhikAMzataH AdhArita hai|" (pR.298)| apadAna grantha ke therI apadAna bhAga meM dvitIya vargAntargata tRtIya apadAna meM bhadrA kuNDalakesI nAmaka yuvatI kI pravrajyAkathA kA varNana hai, jisameM batalAyA gayA hai ki zreSThiputrI bhadrA, sattuka nAmaka eka cora yuvaka se vivAha kara letI hai| lekina vaha cora yuvaka bhadrA kI hatyA kara usake AbhUSaNa le tekara bhAga jAnA cAhatA hai| isake lie vaha bahAnA banAkara bhadrA ko eka parvata para le jAtA hai| kintu, vahA~ bhadrA ko usakI durabhisandhi kA patA cala jAtA hai| ataH vaha svayaM hI use parvata se Dhakelakara mAra DAlatI hai aura zvetavastra-muniyoM ke pAsa jAkara pravrajyA grahaNa kara For Personal & Private Use Only

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314 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 4 / pra02 letI hai / pravrajyA - grahaNa karane kA varNana nimnalikhita gAthAoM meM kiyA gayA hai tadAhaM pAtayitvAna giriduggamhi santikaM setavatthAnaM upetvA pabbajiM sattukaM / ahaM // 36 // saNDAsena ca kese me luJcitvA sabbaso pabbajitvAna samayaM AcikkhiMsu tadA / nirantaraM // 37 // anuvAda - " taba maiMne durgama parvata para se sattuka (nAmaka cora pati) ko nIce Dhakelakara mAra DAlA aura zvetavastradhAriyoM ke pAsa jAkara pravrajita ho gyii| unhoMne sa~r3asI se mere sabhI bAloM kA luMcana kara mujhe pravrajyA pradAna kI, dharmopadeza dene lage / " pazcAt nirantara yahA~ draSTavya hai ki zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ko kevala 'zvetavastradhArI' (setavatthAnaM= zvetavastrANAm, zvetAni vastrANi yeSAM teSAm ) zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| usake sAtha 'nigaNTha' vizeSya kA prayoga nahIM hai| isase siddha hai ki prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM zvetAmbara muni 'zvetavastra' yA 'zvetapaTa' zabda se prasiddha the, 'nigaNTha' (nirgrantha) zabda se nhiiN| 'nigaNTha' zabda digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie hI prayukta hotA thA, jaisA ki unake lie ahirika (ahIka ) zabda ke prayoga se spaSTa hai| zvetAmbara muniyoM ke lie 'zvetavastra' yA 'zvetapaTa' nAma ke prayoga kI paramparA unakI utpatti ke samaya se hI dekhane ko milatI hai, jisake prathama darzana prAcIna bauddhasAhitya ke uparyukta grantha meM hote haiM / 2 buddhakAlIna chaha anyatIrthikoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra gautama buddha ke samaya meM bauddhasampradAya ke atirikta chaha anya sampradAya bhI the, jinake pravartakoM ke nAma bauddhagrantha 'dIghanikAya' meM isa prakAra batalAye gaye haiM "ekamantaM nisinno kho subhaddo paribbAjako bhagavantaM etadavoca - "yeme, bho gotama, samaNabrAhmaNA saGghino gaNino gaNAcariyA jAtA yasassino titthakarA sAdhusammatA bahujanassa, seyyathidaM - pUraNo kassapo, makkhali gosAlo, ajito kesakambalo, pakudho kaccAyano, saJjayo belaTThaputto, nigaNTho nATaputto, sabbete sakAya paTiJJAya abbhajJisu ? sabbeva na abbhaJJisu ? udAhu ekacce abbhaJJisu ekacce na abbhaJJisu' ti?" (subhaddaparibbAjakavatthu / mahAparinibbAnasutta / dIghanikAyapAli / bhA. 2 / pR. 402) / anuvAda - " eka ora baiThe usa subhadra parivrAjaka ne bhagavAn se prazna kiyA-- 'bho gautama! sabhI zramaNa-brAhmaNa, saMghI, gaNI, gaNAcArya, jJAnI, yazasvI, tIrthaMkara, samAja meM sammAnita, jaise pUraNa kAzyapa, makkhali gosAla, ajita kezakambala, prakrudha For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 315 kAtyAyana, saMjaya velaTThiputra evaM nigaNThanATaputra, kyA ye sabhI apane upadeza meM batAye gaye (pratijJAta) siddhAntoM ko svayaM sAkSAtkAra karake jAnate haiM? yA sabhI nahIM jAnate? yA inameM se kucha jAnate haiM, kucha nahIM jAnate ?" ina chaha sampradAyapravartakoM meM nirgranthasampradAya ke praNetA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA ullekha nigaNThanATaputta nAma se kiyA gayA hai| unake nAma meM nigaNTha (nirgrantha) zabda kA prayoga sUcita karatA hai ki ve bauddhasampradAya meM aparigrahAtmaka aceladharma ke praNetA ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| ajAtazatru ke eka maMtrI dvArA nigaNThanATaputta kI prazaMsA eka bAra pUrNimA kI rAtri meM rAjA ajAtazatru apane amAtyoM ke sAtha chata para baiThA huA thaa| usane icchA prakaTa kI, ki isa samaya kisI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa se dharmacarcA kI jAya, jisase citta pramudita ho uThe? taba usake kisI maMtrI ne pUrNakAzyapa kI prazaMsA kI, kisI ne makkhali gosAla kI, kisI ne ajitakezakambala kI, kisI ne prakrudha kAtyAyana kI, kisI ne saJjayavelaTThiputta kI, kisI ne nigaNTanATaputta kI aura jIvaka kaumArabhRtya (vaidya) ne gautamabuddha kii| nigaMThanATaputta (bhagavAn mahAvIra) kI prazaMsA karane vAlA maMtrI kahatA hai "ayaM, deva, nigaNTho nATaputto saGghI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ca, jAto, yasassI, titthakaro, sAdhusammato bahujanassa, rattajU, cirapabbajito, addhagato, vyoanupptto| taM devo nigaNThaM nATaputtaM pyirupaastu| appeva nAma devassa nigaNThaM nATaputtaM payirupAsato cittaM pasIdeyyA" ti| (sAmaJaphalasuttaM / cha aJatitthiyA / dIghanikAyapAli / bhA.1 / pR. 53) / __anuvAda-"deva! ye nigaNThanATaputta Ajakala apane bRhat ziSyasaMgha se ghire rahate haiM, ye gaNI haiM, gaNAcArya haiM, tattvajJAnI haiM, lokavikhyAta haiM, tIrthaMkara (svataMtra mata ke pratipAdaka) haiM, samAja meM pratiSThita haiM, cira pravrajita haiM aura anya AcAryoM se vRddha bhI haiN| acchA ho ki deva! unake pAsa calakara dharmacarcA kreN| ho sakatA hai, isa dharmacarcA se ApakA mana pramudita ho utthe|" buddhetara chaha tIrthakoM meM nirgrantha ke AcAra kA nirUpaNa ajAtazatru uparyukta chaha AcAryoM ko chor3akara gautama buddha ke pAsa jAtA hai aura unase zrAmaNya kA phala pUchatA hai| buddha kahate haiM ki isa prazna kA uttara tumane kisI For Personal & Private Use Only

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316 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 4 / pra0 2 anya zramaNa-brAhmaNa se pUchA hai? taba ajAtazatru uparyukta chaha AcAryoM ke mata kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| vaha batalAtA hai ki pUraNa kAzyapa akriyavAdI hai, kyoMki vaha mAnatA hai ki hiMsA, asatya bhASaNa, corI, parastrIgamana Adi karane-karAne se na koI pApa hotA hai, na dAna, yajJa Adi karane se koI puNya / makkhaligosAla ahetuvAdI hai / vaha kahatA hai ki prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| ve bhAgya yA saMyoga se hI huA karate haiN| ajitakezakambala ucchedavAdI hai| usakI mAnyatA hai ki na koI puNya hotA hai, na pApa, na unakA koI acchA-burA phala hotA hai, na svarga hai, na naraka, na AtmA, na mokSa / dehapAta ke bAda saba naSTa ho jAtA hai| marane ke bAda kucha bhI nahIM rahatA / prakrudha kAtyAyana akRtavAda kA praNetA hai / vaha mAnatA hai ki saMsAra ke padArtha acala aura niSkriya haiN| ve kisI ko sukha-duHkha utpanna karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| saMjayavelaTThaputta anizcayavAdI hai| paraloka ke viSaya meM pUchane para vaha kahatA hai - " yadi maiM samajha~ ki paraloka hai, tabhI na maiM Apako batAU~ ki paraloka hai / parantu maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM anyathA ( dUsarI taraha se) bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki yaha nahIM hai, maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki yaha nahIM nahIM hai| paraloka nahIM hai, paraloka hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, paraloka na hai, na nahIM hai|" (sAmaJJaphalasutta / cha titthiyavAdA / dIghanikAyapAli / bhA. 1/ pR. 57-65) / ina pA~ca dArzanikoM ke matoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda rAjA ajAtazatru gautama buddha se kahatA hai ki isI prakAra eka bAra maiMne nigaMThanATaputta ke pAsa jAkara zramaNabhAva ke pAlana kA phala puuchaa| taba ve bole - "idha, mahArAja! nigaNTho cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvuto hoti| kathaM ca, mahArAja! nigaNTho cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvuto hoti ? idha, mahArAja! nigaNTho sabbavArivArito ca hoti, sabbavAriyutto ca, sabbavAridhuto ca, sabba - vAriphuTo c| evaM kho, mahArAja! nigaNTho cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvuto hoti / yato kho, mahArAja! nigaNTho evaM cAtuyAmasaMvarasaMvuto hoti, ayaM vuccati, mahArAja! nigaNTho gatatto ca yatatto ca Thitatto cA ti / " (sAmaJJaphalasutta / cha titthiyavAdA / dIghanikAyapAli / bhA. 1/pR.63) / anuvAda - "mahArAja ! nirgrantha (jaina sAdhu) cAra saMvaroM (saMyamoM) se saMvRta (saMyata ) rahatA hai| mahArAja ! nirgrantha cAra saMvaroM se saMvRta kaise rahatA hai ? mahArAja ! nirgrantha 1. jala ke vyavahAra kA adhika se adhika vAraNa karatA hai ( tAki jala meM rahane vAle sUkSma jIvoM kA hanana na ho), 2. sabhI prakAra ke pApoM ko dho DAlane meM tatpara rahatA hai, 3. sabhI prakAra ke pApoM ke nivAraNa se dhutapApa (pAparahita) hotA hai aura 4. bhaviSya meM hone vAle pApoM ke nivAraNa meM lagA rahatA hai| mahArAja ! isa prakAra For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a0 4 / pra0 2 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 317 nirgrantha cAra saMvaroM se saMvRta rahatA hai / isIlie loka meM nirgrantha ko saMsAra ke viSayoM kA anicchuka (gatatto), saMyamI ( yatatto) aura sthiravRtti (Thitato) kahA jAtA hai|" tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI 'nirgrantha' saMjJA kyoM? uparyukta sAta sampradAyoM ke praNetAoM meM pA~ca nagna nahIM rahate the, isalie ve nirgrantha nAma se prasiddha nahIM hue| makkhaligosAla (AjIvika sampradAya kA pravartaka) aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra nagna rahate the, tathApi makkhaligosAla ahetuvAdI thA arthAt vaha mAnatA thA ki prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai, ve mAtra saMyogajanya haiM, ataH duHkhanivRtti aura sukhaprApti ke lie rAgadveSAdi vikAroM ke parityAga kA usake mata meM koI bhI sthAna na honA svAbhAvika hai| isalie usakA nagna rahanA aparigrahasiddhAnta para AdhArita nahIM thA / phalasvarUpa vaha 'nirgrantha' saMjJA kA pAtra nahIM huaa| kevala bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nAgnyavrata aparigraha-siddhAnta se prasUta thA, ataH ve hI 'nirgrantha' vizeSaNa ke adhikArI hue / 6 anyatIrthikavat nagna rahane kA niSedha pUrvokta chaha bauddhetara dArzanikoM ko bauddhasAhitya meM anyatIrthika yA tIrthika kahA gayA hai| 74 unameM AjIvika (makkhaligozAla ke anuyAyI sAdhu) aura nirgrantha nagna rahate the, zeSa anyatIrthika bauddha bhikkhuoM se bhinna veSabhUSA dhAraNa karate the / gautama buddha apane bhikkhuoM ko ina tIrthikoM kA veSa dhAraNa karane se sadA manA karate the / mahAvagga kI naggikapaTikkhepakathA meM kahA gayA hai " eka samaya koI bhikSu nagna hokara bhagavAn (gautama buddha) ke pAsa gyaa| pAsa meM jAkara bolA- bhagavAn ne (Apane ) aneka prakAra se icchAoM ko alpa karane vAle, santuSTa, sallekha (tapasvI), dhuta (anAsakta), prasanna, aparigrahI evaM pauruSavAn bhikkhu kI prazaMsA kI hai / bhante ! yaha nagnatA sAdhaka ko uparyukta guNoM ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotI hai| ataH acchA ho, bhante! ki Apa bhikSuoM ko nagna rahane kI anumati de deM / bhagavAn ne usa bhikSu ke kathana kI nindA karate hue kahA - 'o nikamme AdamI ! terA yaha kathana ayukta hai, anucita hai, apratirUpa (ananukUla) hai, zramaNAcAra ke viruddha hai, ataH avihita evaM akaraNIya hai| moghapuruSa ! tUne tIrthikoM (anyatIrthikoM) ke dvArA 74. ka- "cha aJJatitthiyA" sAmaJJaphalasuttaM / dIghanikAyapAli / bhA. 1 / pR. 52 / " aJJatitthiyA paribbAjikA" / mahAsIhanAdasutta / vahI / pR. 184 / kha For Personal & Private Use Only

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318 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra02 apanAyI jAne vAlI nagnatA kaise svIkAra kara lI? tatpazcAt bhagavAn ne bhikSuoM ko ekatra kara spaSTa Adeza diyA-'bhikSuo! kisI bhI bhikSu ko tIrthikoM ke samAna nagnatA nahIM apanAnI caahie| jo apanAyegA use sthUlAtyaya doSa lgegaa|" pAlimUla isa prakAra hai "tena kho pana samayena aJjataro bhikkhu naggo hutvA yena bhagavA tenupsngkmi| upasaGkamitvA bhagavantaM etadovAca-"bhagavA, bhante! anekapariyAyena appicchassa santussa sallekhassa dhutassa pAsAdikassa apacayassa viriyArambhassa vnnnnvaadii| idaM, bhante! naggiyaM aneka-pariyAyena appicchatAya santuhitAya sallekhAya dhutattAya pAsAdikAya apacayAya viriyArambhAya sNvttti| sAdhu bhante! bhagavA bhikkhUnaM naggiyaM anujAnAtU" ti| vigarahi buddho bhagavA-"ananucchavikaM moghapurisa! ananulomikaM, appattirUpaM, assAmaNakaM, akappiyaM, akrnniiyN| kathaM hi nAma tvaM moghapurisa! naggiyaM titthiyasamAdAnaM samAdiyi-ssasi? netaM moghapurisa! appasannAnaM vA pasAdAya --- pe0 --- / " vigarahitvA dhammiM kathaM katvA bhikkhU Amantesi-"na, bhikkhave! naggiyaM titthiyasamAdAnaM samAdiyitabbaM / yo samAdiyeyya Apatti thullaccayassA" ti| (naggikapaTikkhepakathA / cIvarakkhandhaka / vinayapiTaka-mahAvaggapAli / pR.491-92)| yahA~ nagna hokara Aye bhikSu ke dvArA icchAoM ko alpa karanevAle nagnatva ke apanAne kA samarthana nizcitarUpa se nirgranthoM ke nagnatva kI ora saMketa karatA hai, kyoMki AjIvikoM ke ahetuvAdI hone se unakA nagnatva aparigrahasiddhAnta kA pratipAdaka nahIM thaa| nagnatA evaM kuzacIrAdi dhAraNa karane kA niSedha isI prakAra koI bhikSu kuzacIra (kuzanirmita vastra) pahana kara AyA, koI valkalacIra aura koI phlkciir| koI kezoM se banA kambala or3hakara AyA aura koI bAlakambala oddh'kr| koI ulUkapaMkhanirmita vastra dhAraNa karake AyA aura koI mRgcrm| aura pratyeka ne ina ke dhAraNa karane se vahI lAbha batalAye jo pUrva meM nagna rahane se batalAye gaye the| kintu bhagavAn buddha ne sabakI pUrvavat nindA kI aura bhikSuoM ko AmaMtrita kara Adeza diyA-"bhikSuo! ye mRgacarma Adi tIrthaMkoM kI pahacAna haiM, inheM dhAraNa nahIM karanA caahie| jo dhAraNa karegA use sthalAtyaya doSa lgegaa|175 75. "na bhikkhave! ajinakkhipaM titthiyadhajaM dhAretabbaM / yo dhAreyya Apatti thullaccayassA ti|" kusacIrAdi-paTikkhepakathA / cIvarakkhandhaka / vinayapiTaka-mahAvaggapAli / pR. 492 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 319 yahA~ nagna rahanA aura kuza Adi ke vastra dhAraNa karanA anyatIrthika (bauddhatara sampradAyoM ke) sAdhuoM ke lakSaNa batalAye gaye haiN| unameM nagnatA kevala nirgranthoM aura AjIvikoM kA lakSaNa thii| ataH spaSTa hai ki buddha ne AjIvikoM aura nirgranthoM kI hI nagnatA ke anukaraNa kA niSedha kiyA hai| ekazATaka-sampradAya nirgrantha-sampradAya se bhinna 'udAnapAli' kA pramANa zvetAmbara muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne zvetAmbara-sampradAya ko prAcIna siddha karane ke lie bauddhasAhitya se eka bhrAntimUlaka pramANa prastuta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM "aba hama dekheMge ki zvetAmbara-sampradAya kI prAcInatA ko siddha karane vAle kucha pramANa bhI upalabdha hote haiM yA nahIM? "bauddhoM ke prAcIna pAligranthoM meM AjIvikamata ke netA gozAlaka ke kucha siddhAntoM kA varNana milatA hai, jisameM manuSyoM kI kRSNa, nIla, lohita, hAridra, zukla aura paramazukla ye chaH abhijAtiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| inameM se dUsarI nIlAbhijAti meM bauddhabhikSuoM aura tIsarI lohitAbhijAti meM nigraMthoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| isa sthala meM nirgranthoM ke lie prayukta bauddhasUtra ke zabda isa prakAra haiM-"lohitAbhijAti nAma niggaMthA ekasATakAti vdti|" arthAt eka cIthar3evAle nirgranthoM ko vaha lohitAbhijAti kahatA hai| (aMguttaranikAya/ bhAga 3/pR.383)| "isa prakAra gozAlaka ne nirgranthoM ke lie jo yahA~ eka cIthar3evAle yaha vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA hai aura isI prakAra dUsare sthaloM meM bhI atiprAcIna bauddha lekhakoM ne jaina nigraMthoM ke lie ekasATaka vizeSaNa likhA hai, isase siddha hotA hai ki buddha ke samaya meM bhI mahAvIra ke sAdhu eka vastra avazya rakhate the, tabhI anya dArzanikoM ne unako ukta vizeSaNa diyA hai| "kaTTara sAmpradAyika digambara yaha 'eka sATaka' vizeSaNa udAsIna nirgrantha zrAvakoM ke lie prayukta hone kI saMbhAvanA karate haiM, parantu unheM yaha mAlUma nahIM ki bauddha tripiTakoM meM 'niggantha' zabda kevala nirgrantha sAdhuoM ke lie prayukta huA hai, zrAvakoM ke lie nhiiN| jahA~ kahIM bhI jaina zrAvakoM kA prasaMga AyA hai, vahA~ sarvatra 'niggaMThassa nAthaputtassa sAvakA' (nirgrantha jJAtaputra ke zrAvaka) athavA niggaMThasAvaka (nirgranthoM ke zrAvaka) isa prakAra zrAvaka zabda kA hI ullekha huA hai, na ki 'niggaMtha' zabda kaa| isalie 'niggaMTha' zabda kA 'zrAvaka' artha lagAnA korI haThadharmI hai|" (a.bh.m./pR.322)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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320 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 yahA~ merA pahalA nivedana yaha hai ki munijI ne aMguttaranikAya ke uddharaNa ko yathAvat prastuta nahIM kiyA, apitu zabdoM meM parivartana karake prastuta kiyA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki chaha abhijAtiyoM kA siddhAnta AjIvika-mata ke netA gozAlaka kA nahIM, apitu akriyavAdI pUraNa kAzyapa kA hai| pramANArtha maiM ukta siddhAnta ko jyoM kA tyoM uddhRta kara rahA hU~ ___ "ekamantaM nisinno kho AyasmA Anando bhagavantaM etadovAca-"pUraNena, bhante! kassapena chaLabhijAtiyo paJattA-taNhAbhijAti paJatA, nIlAbhijAti paJatA ,lohitAbhijAti paJatA, haliddAbhijAti paJatA, sukkAbhijAti paJatA, paramasukkAbhijAti pnytaa| "tatradiM bhante! pUraNena kassapena taNhAbhijAti paJattA, orabbhikA sUkarikA sAkuNikA mAgavikA luddA macchaghAtakA corA coraghAtakA bandhanAgArikA ye vA panaje pi keci kuruurkmmntaa| "tatridaM bhante! pUraNena kassapena nIlAbhijAti paJattA, bhikkhU kaNTakavuttikA ye vA panaje pi keci kammavAdA kiriyaavaadaa|' "tatridaM bhante ! pUraNena kassapena lohitAbhijAti paJattA, nigaNThA eksaattkaa| "tatridaM bhante! pUraNena kassapena halihAbhijAti pattA, gihI odAtavasanA acelk-saavkaa| "tatridaM bhante! pUraNena kassapena sukkAbhijAti paJattA, AjIvakA aajiivkiniyo| "tatridaM bhante! pUraNena kassapena paramasukkAbhijAti paJattA, nando vaccho kiso saGkicco makkhali gosaalo| pUraNena, bhante! kassapena imA chaLabhijAtiyo paJattA ti|" (chaLabhijAtisutta/aMguttaranikAyapAli 6,7,8 nipAta/ bhaa.3/pR.93-94)| yahA~ pratyeka anuccheda meM pUraNa kassapa nAma duharAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra sAta bAra isa nAma kI AvRtti huI hai, phira bhI muni jI ne 'chaha abhijAtiyoM' ke siddhAnta ko makkhali gozAlaka dvArA praNIta batalAyA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pUraNa kassapa dvArA prajJapta pahalI abhijAti kA nAma taNhAbhijAti (tRSNAbhijAti) hai, kintu munijI ne usake sthAna meM kRSNAbhijAti nAma likhA hai| kRSNAbhijAti to gautama buddha dvArA prajJapta chaha abhijAtiyoM meM se hai|76 tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki aMguttaranikAya kA mUla pAlipATha isa prakAra hai76. "ahaM kho panAnanda chaLabhijAtiyo paapemi|---idh panAnanda ekacco knnhaabhijaatiyo---|" (chaLabhijAtisutta/aMguttaranikAyapAli/6,7,8 nipAta/bhA.3/pR. 94) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 4 / pra0 2 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 321 " tatridaM bhante! pUraNena kassapena lohitAbhijAti paJJattA, nigaNThA ekasATakA / ' saMskRta chAyA - tatredaM bhante ! pUraNena kAzyapena lohitAbhijAtiH prajJaptA, nirgranthA ekazATakA: / hindI anuvAda - bhante ! ukta chaha abhijAtiyoM meM pUraNa kAzyapa ne nirgranthoM aura ekavastradhArI sAdhuoM ko lohitAbhijAti kA batalAyA hai| kintu muni jI ne uparyukta mUlapATha ke sthAna meM nimnalikhita pATha likhA hai"lohitAbhijAti nAma niggaMthA ekasATakAti vadati / " aura isakA yaha artha batalAyA hai - " eka cIthar3evAle nirgranthoM ko vaha lohitAbhijAti kahatA hai| " yahA~ draSTavya hai ki jo zabda muni jI ke dvArA bauddhasUtra ke zabda batalAye gaye haiM, ve bauddhasUtra se arthAt aMguttaranikAya ke uparyukta mUlapATha se zabda aura vAkya donoM dRSTiyoM se bahuta bhinna haiN| udAharaNArtha, muni jI ne apane vAkya meM 'nAma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, kintu mUlapATha meM 'nAma' zabda nahIM hai| muni jI ne 'niggaMthA' zabda likhA hai, jabaki mUlapATha meM 'nigaNThA' pada hai aura pAlibhASA meM 'niggaMthA' rUpa banatA hI nahIM hai| muni jI ne 'vadati' kriyA kA prayoga kiyA hai, jabaki mUlapATha meM 'paJJattA' kriyA hai aura mUlapATha meM 'pUraNena kassapena paJJattA' isa prakAra vAkyaracanA karmavAcya rUpa hai, jabaki muni jI ne 'vadati' kriyA kA prayoga kara vAkya ko kartRvAcya meM parivartita kara diyA hai| muni jI ne 'ekasATakA' ke sAtha 'ti' avyaya prayukta kiyA hai, jabaki mUlapATha meM usakA abhAva hai| isase lagatA hai muni jI ne mUlagrantha dekhane kA kaSTa nahIM uThAyA aura kisI se sunakara uparyukta vAkya likha diyA hai / astu / yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya mukhya bAta yaha hai| ki lohitAbhijAti ke udAharaNa meM jo 'nigaNThA ekasATakA' pada Aye haiM unameM 'ekasATakA' pada 'nigaNThA' kA vizeSaNa nahIM hai, balki donoM svataMtra pada haiM aura bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM ke sAdhuoM ke vAcaka haiM / 'nigaNThA' pada tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke anuyAyI nagna sAdhuoM kA vAcaka hai aura 'ekasATakA' pada 'ekasATaka' - sampradAya ke sAdhuoM kA, jo eka vastra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa isa nAma se prasiddha the / kintu ukta padoM ke sAtha 'nigaNThA ekasATakA ca' isa prakAra bhinnavyaktisUcaka ca avyaya kA prayoga na hone se bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI evaM zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne 'ekasATakA' pada ko 'nigaNThA' kA vizeSaNa mAnakara donoM padoM ko nirgrantha sampradAya ke hI sAdhakoM kA vAcaka mAna liyA hai| bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ne unase 'nirgranthasampradAya ke kSullaka nAmaka utkRSTa zrAvaka' artha grahaNa kiyA hai, 77 kyoMki 77. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha / pR. 60-61,210 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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322 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 2 ye ekavastradhArI hote haiM, jaba ki muni kalyANavijaya jI ne 'zvetAmbara sAdhu' artha liyA hai| ye donoM artha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / 'aMguttaranikAya' ke karttA ne chahoM abhijAtiyoM ke udAharaNa meM kahIM bhI 'ca' avyaya kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai, jabaki ve bhinnabhinna prakAra ke manuSyoM ke vAcaka haiN| jaise unhoMne zuklAbhijAti meM 'AjIvakA AjIvakiniyo' udAharaNa diye haiM / yahA~ 'ca' avyaya kA prayoga nahIM hai, phira bhI ye donoM pada bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ke vAcaka haiN| 'AjIvakA' pada AjIvaka (AjIvika- dekhiye, pA. Ti. 88) sampradAya sAdhuoM yA gRhasthoM kA vAcaka hai tathA 'AjIvakiniyo ' pada isa sampradAya kI sAdhviyoM yA gRhastha striyoM kA / isI prakAra taNhAbhijAti ke 'luddA macchaghAtakA corA coraghAtakA bandhanAgArikA' ina udAharaNoM meM bhI 'ca' avyaya prayukta nahIM hai, tathApi ye bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke krUrakarmA manuSyoM ke sUcaka haiN| 'nando vaccho, kiso saGkiGghacco, makkhaligosAlo' ye paramazuklAbhijAti ke manuSyoM ke udAharaNa haiN| ye bhI 'ca' avyaya ke binA hI alaga-alaga vyaktiyoM kA artha prakaTa karate haiM / 'nigaNThA ekasATakA' isI prakAra kA prayoga hai| yahA~ bhI 'ca' avyaya kA prayoga nahIM hai, phira bhI donoM pada svataMtra haiM aura bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM ke sAdhuoM kA bodha karAte haiM / 'nigaNTha' pada digambarajaina sampradAya ke sAdhuoM kA bodha karAtA hai aura 'ekasATaka' (ekazATaka) pada ekazATakasampradAya ke sAdhuoM kaa| isa sampradAya ke sAdhu kevala ekavastra dhAraNa karate the, isalie unakA sampradAya 'ekazATaka' nAma se prasiddhi ko prApta huA thA / udAnapAli suttapiTaka ke khuddakanikAya kA prAcIna grantha hai / usake nimnalikhita kathana se yaha bAta ekadama spaSTa ho jAtI hai " tena kho pana samayena satta ca jaTilA, satta ca nigaNThA, satta ca acelakA, satta ca ekasATakA, satta ca paribbAjakA parULhakacchanakhalomA khArivividhamAdAya bhagavato avidUre atikkmnti|" (sattajaTilasutta/ jaccandhavaggo / udAnapAli / pR. 143) / anuvAda - " ( jaba gautama buddha zAma ke samaya dhyAna meM lIna baiThe hue the) usa samaya sAta jaTila ( jaTAdhArI sAdhu), sAta nirgrantha (nirgranthasampradAya ke sAdhu), sAta acelaka (acelaka=AjIvaka - sampradAya ke sAdhu ), sAta ekazATaka (ekavastradhArI - sampradAya ke sAdhu) aura sAta parivrAjaka ( parivrAjaka - sampradAya ke sAdhu), jinakI kA~kha, nakha aura loma bar3he hue the tathA jo vividha upakaraNa lie hue the, Akara bhagavAn buddha ke pAsa baiTha gye|" isa kathana meM ekazATaka sAdhuoM ko nirgranthoM se pRthak nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, isase spaSTa hai ki 'ekazATaka' 'nirgrantha' kA vizeSaNa nahIM, apitu nirgranthAdi se bhinna For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 323 sampradAya ke sAdhuoM kA vAcaka hai| ataH mani zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne 'nigaNThA ekasATakA' isa ullekha se jo yaha artha nikAlA hai ki buddha ke samaya meM nigraMtha sAdhu eka vastra avazya rakhate the,ataH yaha ullekha zvetAmbara-sampradAya kI prAcInatA kA pramANa hai, vaha sarvathA galata hai| ukta ullekha meM 'nirgrantha' zabda 'ekazATaka' vizeSaNa se rahita hai, ataH siddha hai ki prAcIna bauddha-sAhitya meM 'nirgrantha' sAdhu nirgrantha rUpa (nagnarUpa) meM hI varNita haiN| isase digambarajaina-sampradAya kI prAcInatA pramANita hotI hai| phalasvarUpa mani kalyANavijaya jI kA yaha dAvA bhI galata siddha ho jAtA hai ki prAcIna bauddha sAhitya meM nagna jaina sAdhuoM kA ullekha kahIM bhI nahIM hai| aura jo dAvA unhoMne nimnalikhita vaktavya meM kiyA hai, vaha bhI auMdhe mu~ha gira jAtA hai| ve pro0 jaikobI ke kathana ko prAmANika mAnane kA dAvA karate hue likhate haiM "bauddhoM kI arvAcIna jAtakakathAoM meM nirgrantha zramaNoM ko 'nagna nirgrantha' likhA dekhakara koI kaha de ki 'prAcIna nirgrantha bhI nagna hote the' to aise AMzika jJAnavAloM ke kathana se prAcIna zramaNoM kI nagnatA sAbita nahIM ho sktii| jinhoMne bauddhoM ke sabase prAcIna pAligranthoM aura prAcIna jainasUtroM kA talasparzI adhyayana kiyA hai, aise vidvAnoM kI sammati hI isa viSaya meM adhika vizvasanIya ho sakatI hai| DaoNkTara harmana jaikobI isI prakAra ke vidvAn haiM aura inhoMne jainasUtroM kI prastAvanA meM prAcIna bauddha granthoM ke ullekhoM se yaha bAta acchI taraha siddha kara dI hai ki prAcIna nirgrantha zramaNa eka vastra rakhate the| isIlie bauddha loga inheM 'ekasATaka' kahA karate the|"(shr.bh.m./ pR.318-319)| ___ yahA~ muni jI ne prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM 'ekasATaka' (ekazATaka) zabda ke prayoga ko nirgrantha zramaNoM ke ekavastradhArI hone kA pramANa isalie mAnA hai ki prAcIna bauddhasAhitya ke talasparzI adhyetA DaoN0 jaikobI ne aisA kahA hai| kintu jaikobI ke adhyayana kI talasparzitA para udAnapAli kA uparyukta pramANa praznacinha lagA detA hai| udAnapAli ke uparyukta uddharaNa se siddha hai ki 'ekazATaka' nirgranthoM kA vizeSaNa nahIM, apitu eka svataMtrasampradAya kA nAma hai, ataH use nirgranthoM kA vizeSaNa mAnakara prAcIna nirgranthoM ko eka vastra rakhanevAlA ghoSita karanA bhrAntipUrNa niSkarSa hai| ataH muni jI kA jaikobI ke niSkarSa ko prAmANika mAnane kA dAvA bhI dharAzAyI ho jAtA hai| jaikobI ke sabhI niSkarSa sahI hoM yaha muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI bhI nahIM maante| ve likhate haiM-"uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke upodghAta meM pro0 jaikobI ne AjIvika aura nirgranthoM ke AcAroM kI ekatA batAI hai, para vAstava meM ina donoM sampradAyavAloM ke AcAroM meM bahuta bar3A antara thaa| yadyapi majjhimanikAya meM AjIvikoM ke kaThinatama tapa aura bhikSA ke niyamoM kA varNana hai, tathApi saba AjIvika bhikSuoM dvArA sadAkAla For Personal & Private Use Only

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324 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 ye hI niyama pAlana kiye jAte the, yaha mAna lenA bhUla hogii|" (a.bha.ma./ pR.267-268)| ___ yahI bhUla jaikobI ne prAcIna nirgranthoM ko 'ekavastra rakhanevAlA' mAnane meM kI hai, tathA kisI aMgreja vidvAn ne odAtavasanA kA artha 'zvetavastravAlA' kiyA hai, isase asahamata hone ke kAraNa muni kalyANavijaya jI ne TippaNI kI hai ki "aMgreja koI kevalI nahIM haiM, jo unake kahane se avadAta (odAta) kA artha zveta hI mAna liyA jAya aura anyavarNa na mAnA jaay|"(shr.bh.m/pR.323)| muni jI kI yaha TippaNI maiM jaikobI ke viSaya meM bhI duharAnA cAhatA hU~ ki jarmana vidvAn koI kevalI nahIM haiM, jo unake kahane se 'ekasATaka' pada ko 'nirgrantha' kA vizeSaNa mAna liyA jaay| vastutaH vaha eka svataMtra sampradAya kA nAma thaa| 9 nirgranthoM ke lie bhI 'acelaka' zabda kA prayoga "udAnapAli' ke pUrvokta uddharaNa meM nirgranthoM aura acelakoM kA alaga-alaga nirdeza hai, isase yaha nahIM samajha lenA cAhie ki acelaka (AjIvika) sampradAya ke hI muni nagna rahate the, nirgrantha sampradAya ke nhiiN| donoM sampradAyoM ke muni nagna rahate the, kintu 'nirgrantha' zabda digambara jaina sAdhuoM ke lie rUr3ha ho cukA thaa| ataH unase bhinnatA kA bodha karAne ke lie AjIvaka (AjIvika) sampradAya ke sAdhu 'acelaka' zabda se abhihita kiye jAne lge| 'udAnapAli' ke pUrvokta uddharaNa meM 'acelaka' zabda AjIvakoM ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| bauddhoM meM nirgranthoM kA nagna rahanA to 'nirgrantha' (grantharahita = vastrAdiparigraharahita) zabda se hI prasiddha thaa| ___ tathApi bauddhasAhitya meM nirgranthoM ke lie bhI 'acelaka' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, isake aneka pramANa haiN| aMguttaranikAya (bhA.3) ke chaLabhijAtisutta meM pUraNa kassapa ne acelaka sAdhuoM ke zvetavastradhArI zrAvakoM ko haridrAbhijAtIya batalAyA hai "pUraNena kassapena halihAbhijAti paJattA, gihI odAtavasanA acelksaavkaa|"79 __ ye acelaka sAdhu AjIvaka (AjIvika) sampradAya ke nahIM the, kyoMki AjIvakoM ko pUraNa kassapa ne zukla aura paramazukla abhijAtiyoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai| 79 78. odAtavasana = zvetavastradhArI / bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana-kRta pAli-hindI koza / pR. 81 / 79. dekhiye, aMguttaranikAyapAli bhA.3 kA pUrvoddhRta aMza (adhyAya 4/pra.2 / shii.8)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 325 ataH siddha hai ki uparyukta vAkya meM nirgranthoM ko hI 'acelaka' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| dUsarA pramANa yaha hai ki 'aMguttaranikAya' ke uparyukta vAkya meM zvetavastradhArI gRhastha acelakoM ke zrAvaka kahe gaye haiM aura 'dIghanikAya' ke nimnalikhita vAkya meM ve nigaNThanATaputta (bhagavAn mahAvIra) ke zrAvaka batalAye gaye haiM "nigaNThassa nATaputtassa sAvakA gihI odaatvsnaa|" (pAsAdikasutta / dIghanikAyapAli / bhA. 3/ pR. 683) / isase bilakula spaSTa hai ki prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM 'nirgranthoM' kA kathana 'acelaka' zabda se bhI huA hai| tIsarA pramANa yaha hai ki majjhimanikAya (prathama bhAga) meM nirgranthaputra saccaka evaM dIghanikAya (prathama bhAga) meM acela kAzyapa kA prasaMga hai| 'nirgranthaputra' vizeSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki saccaka nirgranthasampradAya ke zrAvaka kA putra thA tathA 'acela' vizeSaNa sUcita karatA hai ki kAzyapa nagna sAdhu the| ye donoM gautama buddha ke samakSa acelaka AjIvaka sAdhuoM ke azobhanIya AcAra kA varNana karate haiN| yadi acela kAzyapa svayaM AjIvaka sAdhu hote to, aisA na krte| isase siddha hai ki ve nirgranthasampradAya ke sAdhu the| isake atirikta nirgranthaputra saccaka aura acela kAzyapa donoM AjIvikoM ke azobhanIya AcAra kA varNana karate haiM, isase bhI donoM kA samAna (nirgrantha) sampradAya se sambaddha honA sUcita hotA hai| yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki prAcIna bauddha sAhitya meM nirgrantha sAdhuoM ko bhI 'acelaka' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| nirgranthaputra saccaka aura acela kAzyapa AjIvakoM ke jisa azobhanIya AcAra kA varNana karate haiM, use nirgranthaputra saccaka to spaSTa zabdoM meM AjIvakoM kA AcAra kahatA hai, acela kAzyapa spaSTa zabdoM meM nahIM kahate, para vaha saccaka dvArA varNita AcAra se akSarazaH sAmya rakhatA hai, isase siddha hai ki vaha AjIvakoM kA hI AcAra hai| donoM ke dvArA varNita AcAra nIce uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai| nirgranthaputra saccaka dvArA varNita AjIvikoM kA AcAra nirgrantha saccaka kA gautama buddha ke sAtha isa prakAra vArtAlApa hotA hai "ekamantaM nisinno kho saccako nigaNThaputto bhagavantaM etadavoca-santi bho gotama! eke samaNabrAhmaNA kAyabhAvanAnuyogamanuyuttA viharanti, no cittbhaavnN---|" For Personal & Private Use Only

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326 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 "kinti pana te, aggivessana! kAyabhAvanA sutA" ti? ___ "seyyathIdaM-nando vaccho, kiso saGkicco, makkhali gosAlo-ete hi bho gotama! acelakA muttAcArA hatthApalekhanA, na ehibhaddantikA na tiTThabhaddantikA, na abhihaTaM, na uddissakataM, na nimantanaM sAdiyanti, te na kumbhimukhA paTiggaNhanti, na kaLopimukhA paTiggaNhanti, na eLakamantaraM na daNDamantaraM na musalamantaraM, na dvinnaM bhuJjamAnAnaM, na gaMbbhiniyA na pAyamAnAya na purisantaragatAya, na saGkittIsu, na yattha sA upaTThito hoti, na yattha makkhikA saNDasaNDacArinI, na macchaM na maMsaM na suraM na mareyaM na thusodakaM pivnti| te ekAgArikA vA honti ekAlopikA, dvAgArikA vA honti dvAlopikA--- pe0 ---sattAgArikA vA honti sttaalopikaa| ekissA pi dattiyA yApenti, dvIhi pi dattIhi yApenti --- pe0 --- sattahi pi dattIhi yaapenti| ekAhikaM pi AhAraM AhArenti, dvIhikaM pi AhAraM AhArenti --- pe0 --- sattAhikaM pi AhAraM aahaarenti| iti evarUpaM addhamAsikaM pi pariyAyabhattabhojanAnuyogamanuyuttA viharantI" ti| "kiM pana te aggivessana! tAvatakeneva yApentI" ti? / "no hidaM, bho gotama! appekadA, bho gotama! uLArAni uLArAni khAdanIyAni khAdanti, uLArAni uLArAni bhojanAni bhuJjanti, uLArAni uLArAni sAyanIyAni sAyanti, uLArAni uLArAni pAnAni pivnti| te imaM kAyaM balaM gAhenti nAma, brUhenti nAma, medenti nAmA" ti| "yaM kho te, aggivessana! purimaM pahAya pacchA, upacinanti, evaM imassa kAyassa AcayApacayo hoti|" (mahAsaccakasutta / majjhimanikAyapAli / 1. mUla paNNAsaka / pR. 326-328/ bauddhabhAratI, vaaraannsii)| . anuvAda eka ora baiThe hue nirgranthaputra saccaka ne bhagavAn (gautama buddha) se kahA-"he gautama! kucha zramaNa-brAhmaNa aise haiM, jo kAyasAdhanA meM lage rahate haiM, caitasika sAdhanA nahIM krte|" gautama ne pUchA- "bho agniveza! 8deg tumane kaisI kAyasAdhanA ke viSaya meM sunA hai?" saccaka bolA-"jaise nanda vatsa, kRza sAMkRtya, makkhali gozAla, ye nagna rahate haiM, svacchanda AcaraNa karate haiM, bhojana ke bAda hastApalekhanA karate haiM arthAt hAtha 80. saccaka kA naamaantr| Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 4 / pra0 2 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 327 cATate haiN|81 ve bulAkara dI gaI bhikSA nahIM lete, 'Thahariye' kahakara dI gaI bhikSA nahIM lete, dUsare ke dvArA lAyI gayI bhikSA nahIM lete, apane uddezya se banAI gaI bhikSA nahIM lete, nimaMtrita karake dI gaI bhikSA nahIM lete, hA~r3I se ur3elakara dI gaI bhikSA nahIM lete, kar3AhI se ur3elakara dI gaI bhikSA nahIM lete, do paTaroM, do daNDoM aura do mUsaloM ke bIca se lAyI gayI bhikSA nahIM lete, bhojana karate hue do vyaktiyoM ke bIca se lAyI gayI bhikSA nahIM lete, garbhiNI aura dUdha pilAtI huI strI se bhikSA nahIM lete, do puruSoM ke bIca se AtI huI strI se bhikSA grahaNa nahIM karate, candA karake bhikSA denevAlI striyoM (saGkittIsa ) se bhikSA nahIM lete, jahA~ kuttA ( sA= zvA) khar3A hotA hai, vahA~ se bhikSA nahIM leteM, jahA~ makkhiyA~ bhinabhinA rahI hoM, vahA~ se bhikSA nahIM lete, mAMsa-machalI, surA, maireya aura tuSodaka ( cAvala se banI zarAba) grahaNa nahIM krte| ve eka hI ghara se bhikSA lete haiM yA eka hI grAsa khAte haiM, do gharoM se bhikSA lete haiM yA do grAsa khAte haiM, sAta gharoM se bhikSA lete haiM yA sAta grAsa khAte haiN| ve eka kalachula - bhikSA se bhI nirvAha kara lete haiM, do kalachula - bhikSA se bhI aura sAta kalachula - bhikSA se bhI / ve eka dina meM eka bAra bhI AhAra karate haiM, do dina meM eka bAra bhI aura sAta dina meM eka bAra bhI / kabhI-kabhI pandrahapandraha dinoM ke bAda bhI AhAra lete haiM / " gautama buddha pUchate haiM - " he agniveza ! kyA itane se hI unakA nirvAha ho jAtA hai ? saccaka uttara detA hai - " aisA nahIM hai gautama ! ve kabhI-kabhI prabhUtamAtrA 82 meM khAdya padArtha khAte haiM, prabhUtamAtrA meM bhojya padArthoM kA bhojana karate haiM, prabhUtamAtrA meM svAdya padArthoM kA svAda lete haiM aura prabhUtamAtrA meM peya padArthoM kA pAna karate haiN| isase unake zarIra kI zakti bar3hatI rahatI hai, ve puSTa evaM balavAn hote rahate haiM / gautama kahate haiM--" yaha to pahale tyAga karanA aura phira grahaNa karanA hai| isa taraha to zarIra kabhI dubalA aura kabhI moTA ho jAtA hai| " ( anuvAdaka : svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI) / isa AcAra ko nirgranthaputra saccaka ne spaSTazabdoM meM nanda vatsa, kuza sAMkRtya aura makkhali gozAla kA AcAra batalAyA hai, jo AjIvika-sampradAya ke the| 81. hatthApalekhanA = bhojana ke bAda hAtha cATanA (pAli - hindI koza ) / 82. uLArAni - uLArAni ( udArANi - udArANi) = prabhUta mAtrA meM (pAli - hindI koza ) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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328/jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha/ khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 11 acela kAzyapa dvArA varNita AjIvikoM kA AcAra eka bAra acela kAzyapa gautama buddha ke pAsa jAkara pUchate haiM-"bho gautama! loga kahate haiM ki zramaNa gautama sabhI prakAra kI tapazcaryAoM kI nindA karate haiN|83 Apa batalAyeM ki zramaNabrAhmaNoM ke ye AcAra zramaNabhAva aura brAhmaNabhAva ke dyotaka haiM yA nahIM?"84 tatpazcAt ve zramaNabrAhmaNoM ke AcAra kA isa prakAra varNana karate haiM "acelako hoti muttAcAro, hatthApalekhano, na ehibhaddantiko, natiTThabhaddantiko, nAbhihaTaM, na uddissakataM na nimantanaM saadiyti| so na kumbhimukhA paTiggaNhAti, na kaLopimukhA paTiggaNhAti, na eLakamantaraM, na daNDamantaraM, na musalamantaraM, na dvinnaM bhuJjamAnAnaM, na gabbhiniyA, na pAyamAnAya, na purisantaragatAya, na saGkittIsu, na yattha sA upaTTito hoti, na yattha makkhikA saNDasaNDacArinI, na macchaM na masaM, na suraM na merayaM na thusodakaM pivti| so ekAgAriko vA hoti ekAlopiko, dvAgAriko vA hoti dvAlopiko, sattAgAriko vA hoti sattAlopiko; ekissA pi dattiyA yApeti, dvIhi pi dattIhi yApeti, sattahi pi dattIhi yApeti; ekAhikaM pi AhAraM AhAreti, dvIhikaM pi AhAraM AhAreti, sattAhikaM pi AhAraM AhAreti; iti evarUpaM addhamAsikaM pi pariyAyabhattabhojanAnuyogamanuyutto vihrti|"(mhaasiihnaadsutt / dIghanikAyapAli / bhA.1 / pR.176-177)| gautama buddha isa AcAra ko zramaNa-brAhmaNatva se zUnya batalAte haiN| unhoMne bhI kucha samaya ke lie isa AcAra ko apanAyA thaa| ve apane ziSya sAriputra ko yaha bAta sunAte hue kahate haiM - "tatrAssu me idaM, sAriputta, tapassitAya hoti-acelako homi muttAcAro hatthApalekhano, na ehibhaddantiko, na tiTThabhaddantiko, nAbhihaTaM, na uhissakataM na nimantanaM sAdayAmi --- iti evarUpaM addhamAsikaM pi pariyAyabhattabhojanAnuyogamanuyutto vihraami|" (mahAsIhanAdasutta / majjhimanikAyapAli/1.mUlapaNNAsaka/pR. 118-119 bauddhabhAratI, vaaraannsii)| 83. "ekamantaM Thito kho acelo kassapo bhagavantaM etadavoca-"sutaM metaM, bho gotama! samaNo gotamo sabbaM tapaM grhti|" mahAsIhanAdasutta / dIghanikAyapAli / bhAga 1/ pR. 172 / 84. "ime pi kho, Avuso gotama! tapopakkamA etesaM samaNabrAhmaNAnaM sAmaJjasaGghAtA ca brahmajJa saMGkhAtA c|" mahAsIhanAdasutta / dIghanikAyapAli / bhAga 1/pR. 176 / 85. vhii/pR.178| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 329 tulanA karane para hama pAte haiM ki nirgranthaputra saccaka aura acela kassapa donoM ke dvArA varNita AcAra zabdazaH sAmya rakhate haiN| ataH acela kassapa dvArA varNita AcAra bhI AjIvika sAdhuoM kA hI hai| bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ne ise nirgranthoM kA AcAra batalAyA hai, jisakA muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne khaNDana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM "majjhimanikAya meM sApha-sApha likhA gayA hai ki ye AcAra AjIvikasaMgha ke nAyaka gozAlaka tathA unake mitra nandavaccha aura kissasaMkicca ke haiM jinakA buddha ke samakSa niggaMthazramaNa saccaka ne varNana kiyA hai|" (zra.bha.ma. / pR. 331) / yadyapi bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ne nirgranthaputra saccaka dvArA varNita AcAra ko nahIM, apitu acela kassapa dvArA varNita AcAra ko nirgrantha muniyoM kA AcAra kahA hai,86 tathApi vaha AjIvika sAdhuoM kA hI AcAra hai, jaisAki Upara darzAye gaye sAmya se spaSTa hai| isIlie, muni jI kA use AjIvikasaMgha ke sAdhuoM kA AcAra kahanA ucita hI hai| kintu muni jI kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki "yadi nirgrantha jaina zramaNa saccaka svayaM acelaka aura hAtha meM bhojana karanevAlA hotA to, vaha AjIvika bhikSuoM kA 'hAtha cATanevAlA' Adi kahakara upahAsa kabhI na krtaa| isase bhI jAnA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ke sAdhu vastrapAtra avazya rakhate the|" (a.bha.ma. / pR.323)| muni jI kA yaha kathana pratyakSapramANa se bAdhita hai, kyoMki acela kassapa ('acelo kassapo'-pA.Ti.83) ne acelaka hote hue bhI acelaka AjIvikoM ko 'hAtha cATane vAlA' Adi kahA hai| isase dyotita hotA hai ki acela kassapa yadyapi svayaM acelaka the, aura pANitalabhojI bhI the, tathApi bhojana ke anantara ve hAtha nahIM cATate the, na svacchanda AcaraNa karate the aura na hI ve una sAdhuoM meM se the, jo kabhI-kabhI pandraha-pandraha dinoM taka bhojana nahIM karate the, kintu kabhI-kabhI khAdya, svAdya, bhojya aura peya padArthoM kA atigRdhratA se sevana karate the| nirgranthaputra saccaka aura acela kassapa ne AjIvikoM kI inhIM azobhanIya pravRttiyoM ko anucita batalAyA hai, acelatva aura pANitalabhojitva ko nhiiN| ataH AjIvaka sAdhuoM kI ukta azobhanIya aura lolupatApUrNa pravRttiyoM ko darzAne se nirgranthaputra saccaka aura acela kassapa kA sacela zvetAmbara-sAdhu honA siddha nahIM hotaa| cU~ki donoM ne AjIvakoM ke azobhanIya aura lolupatApUrNa AcAra kA varNana kiyA hai, isase siddha hotA hai ki ve eka hI sampradAya ke the| acela kassapa to nirgranthasampradAya ke nagna sAdhu hI the, nirgranthaputra saccaka 86. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddh/pR.61| For Personal & Private Use Only

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330 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 nirgranthasampradAya kA zrAvaka thA, kyoMki usake sAtha jur3e nirgranthaputra vizeSaNa meM 'putra' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa pramANa se bhI siddha hotA hai ki prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM nirgranthoM ko 'acelaka' zabda se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isa pramANa se muni kalyANavijaya jI kA yaha niSkarSa mithyA siddha ho jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ke sAdhu vastrapAtra avazya rakhate the| nirgranthasampradAya ke zrAvaka kI bhI 'nirgrantha' saMjJA dIghanikAya (bhA.3 / pAsAdikasutta) ke "nigaNThassa nATaputtassa sAvakA gihI odAta-vasanA" (mahAvIra ke zvetavastradhArI gRhastha zrAvaka) isa kathana ke AdhAra para bAbU kAmatA prasAda jI ne 'nigaNThA ekasATakA'87 kA artha eka zvetavastradhArI nirgrantha zrAvaka kiyA hai| isa para muni kalyANavijaya jI ne do ApattiyA~ kI haiN| pahalI to yaha ki 'nigaNThA' zabda nirgranthasAdhu kA vAcaka hai, na ki nirgranthazrAvaka kaa| dUsarI yaha ki 'avadAta' (odAta) kA artha zveta nahIM, ujjvala athavA svaccha hotA hai| _ 'nigaNTha' zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM ve likhate haiM ki "bauddha tripiTakoM meM 'niggantha' zabda kevala nirgrantha sAdhuoM ke lie prayukta huA hai, zrAvakoM ke lie nhiiN| jahA~ kahIM bhI jaina zrAvakoM kA prasaMga AyA hai, vahA~ sarvatra 'nigaMThassa nAthaputtassa sAvakA' (nirgrantha jJAtaputra ke zrAvaka) athavA nigaMThasAvaka (nirgranthoM ke zrAvaka) isa prakAra 'zrAvaka' zabda kA hI ullekha huA hai, na ki 'niggaMtha' zabda kaa| isalie 'niggaMTha' zabda kA 'zrAvaka' artha lagAnA korI haThadharmI hai|" (shr.bh.m/pr.322)| muni jI kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai| bauddha tripiTakoM meM 'nigaNTha' zabda kA prayoga nirgranthasampradAya ke sAdhu aura zrAvaka athavA nirgrantha zramaNa aura unake anuyAyI zrAvaka donoM ke lie huA hai| suttapiTakagata majjhimanikAya (prathamabhAga) ke 'cULasaccakasutta' evaM 'mahAsaccakasutta' meM saccaMka ko 'nigaNThaputta' (nirgranthaputra) kahA gayA hai| nigaNThaputta kA artha nirgranthamuni kA putra nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki muni santAna utpanna nahIM krte| ataH usakA artha hai nirgranthoM ke anuyAyI zrAvaka kA putr| jaise vartamAna meM digambarajaina-sampradAya ke zrAvaka bhI digambarajaina kahalAte haiM, vaise hI prAcInakAla meM nirgranthasampradAya ke zrAvaka bhI nirgrantha kahalAte the, kyoMki usa samaya 'jainasampradAya' 87. dekhie , isI prakaraNa kA zIrSaka kra.8, chaLabhijAtisutta / aMguttaranikAyapAli (6,7,8 nipAta / bhA.3 / pR.93-94) kA uddhRta aNsh| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 331 'nirgranthasampradAya' ke nAma se hI prasiddha thaa| AjIvika sampradAya ke sAdhu aura zrAvaka bhI 'AjIvika' nAma se hI jAne jAte the| azoka ke dillI (ToparA) stambhAbhilekha meM brAhmaNoM, AjIvikoM evaM nirgranthoM kA ullekha huA hai|8 vahA~ 'AjIvika' (yA 'AjIvaka') aura 'nirgrantha zabdoM se kevala nagna sAdhu artha apekSita nahIM hai, apitu sampradAya-vizeSa ke nagnasAdhuoM se abhiprAya hai| ataH ye nAma usa samaya sampradAyavizeSa ke bhI vAcaka the| isalie bauddha piTakasAhitya meM nirgranthasampradAya ke zramaNa aura zrAvaka donoM ke lie 'nigaNTha' saMjJA kA prayoga huA hai| ___muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne nirgranthaputra saccaka ko 'nirgrantha jaina zramaNa saccaka' kahA hai (a.bha.ma./ pR.323), yaha bhrAntipUrNa hai| sampUrNa bauddhasAhitya meM nirgranthazramaNa ko kahIM bhI 'nirgranthaputra' zabda se sambodhita nahIM kiyA gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI 'nigaNThaputta' nahIM kahA gayA, apitu 'nigaNThanAtaputta' kahA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai nAthaputra (nAthavaMzIya) yA jJAtRputra (jJAtRvaMzIya) nirgrantha shrmnn| isa para prakAza DAlate hue paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI likhate haiM___ "digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki mahAvIra kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAma ke rAjA siddhArtha ke putra the| aura siddhArtha digambarIya ullekhoM ke anusAra NAha-vaMza89 yA nAthavaMza ke kSatriya the aura zvetAmbarIya ullekhoM ke anusAra NAyakula ke the| isI se mahAvIra ko NAyakulacandra aura NAyaputta kahA hai| "NAha, NAya, NAta ye saba zabda eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiN| isI se 'buddhacaryA' meM bhI rAhula jI ne nATaputta kA artha jJAtRputra aura nAthaputra donoM kiyA hai| ataH digambaroM ke anusAra mahAvIra nAthaputra the, to zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra jJAtRputra the| ataH bauddhagranthoM meM nirdiSTa NAtaputta avazya hI jainatIrthaGkara mahAvIra haiN| usa samaya jAti aura deza ke AdhAra para isa taraha ke nAmoM ke vyavahAra karane kA calana thaa| jaise buddha ko zAkyaputra kahA hai, kyoMki ve zAkyavaMza ke the aura unakA janma zAkya deza (kapilavastu) meM huA thaa| isI se unake anuyAyI zramaNa zAkyaputrIya-zramaNa kahe jAte the (buddhacaryA/ pi me kaTe ime viyApaTA hohaMtIti / nigaMThesa pi me kaTe ime viyApaTA ___hohNti|" jainazilAlekhasaMgraha / mANikacandra / bhA.2 / lekha kr.1| 89. ka-kuNDapurapuravarissara siddhatthakkhattiyassa nnaahkule| . tisilAe devIe devIsadasevamANAe // 23 // jayadhavalA/ka.pA./bhA.1/ pR.78 / kha-NAhoggavaMsesu vi vIra-pAsA // 4/557 // tiloypnnnnttii| ga- ugranAthau paarshvviirau| (dazabhakti / pR. 248) / 90. "NAtaputte mahAvIre evmaahjinnuttme|" sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/1 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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332 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 2 pRSTha 551) / isI taraha mahAvIra bhI apanI jAti tathA vaMza ke AdhAra para NATaputta kahe jAte the aura unake anuyAyI nirgrantha 'nAthaputrIya nigaMTha' kahe jAte the (buddhacaryA / pR. 481)" (jai.sA.i. / pU.pI. / pR. 223 - 224 ) / isa kathana se spaSTa hotA hai ki nirgrathazramaNoM ke anuyAyI zrAvaka kA putra hone se hI saccaka ko nirgranthaputra kahA gayA hai, na ki svayaM ke nirgrantha zramaNa hone se| yadi svayaM nirgrantha zramaNa hotA to use nigraMtha hI kahA jAtA, nirgranthaputra nahIM / saccaka ke nirgrantha zrAvaka hone ke anya pramANa bhI haiM, yathA 1. bhagavAn buddha se vAda karate samaya saccaka ke mAthe se pasIne kI bU~de Tapakane lagatI haiM aura usake uttarAsaMga ( uttarIya = dupaTTe ) ko bheda kara bhUmi para gira jAtI haiN| usakI isa dazA ko sUcita karate hue buddha usase kahate haiM- "tumhaM kho pana, aggivessana, appekaccAni sedaphusitAni nalATAmuttAni, uttarAsaGgaM vinibhinditvA bhUmiyaM patiTThitAni / " (cULasaccakasutta / majjhimanikAyapAli / 1 . mUlapaNNAsaka / pR. 321 / bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI) / isase jJAta hotA hai ki saccaka dupaTTA or3he huA thA aura dupaTTA or3hane se siddha hotA hai ki vaha adhovastra bhI dhAraNa kiye hogaa| isase usakA eka zATaka ( ekavastradhArI) na honA sUcita hotA hai| yaha pahalA pramANa hai ki saccaka na to muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI kI mAnyatAnusAra eka vastradhArI zvetAmbara sAdhu thA, na bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ke matAnusAra nirgrantha sampradAya kA 'elaka' nAmaka utkRSTa zrAvaka, apitu vaha eka sAmAnya gRhastha thA / 2. saccaka gautama buddha ko bhojana ke lie apane bagIce meM Amantrita karatA hai aura nAnA prakAra ke svAdiSTa vyaMjana banavAkara buddha tathA unake sampUrNa bhikSusaMgha ko apane hAtha se parosakara bhojana karAtA hai / yaha bAta nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kahI gaI hai "atha kho saccako nigaNThaputto sake ArAme paNItaM khAdanIyaM bhojanIyaM paTiyAdApetvA bhagavato kAlaM ArocApesi - "kAlo, bho gotama, niTThitaM bhattaM" ti / atha kho bhagavA pubbaNhasamayaM nivAsetvA pattacIvaramAdAya yena saccakassa nigaNThaputtassa ArAmo tenupasaGkami / upasaGkamitvA paJJate Asane nisIdi saddhiM bhikkhusaGgena / atha kho saccako nigaNThaputto buddhappamukhaM bhikkhusaGgaM paNItena khAdanIyena bhojanIyena sahatthA santappesi smpvaaresi|" (cULasaccakasutta / majjhimanikAyapAli / 1. mUlapaNNAsaka/ pR. 325 / bauddha-bhAratI, vArANasI) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 333 kisI nirgrantha zramaNa kA na to apanA koI ghara hotA hai, na koI bAgabagIcA, na itanA dhanadhAnya aura naukara-cAkara Adi parigraha ki eka bahuta bar3e bhikSusaMgha ko bhojana karA ske| yaha saba eka gRhastha ke hI ho sakatA hai| koI zramaNa kisI ko apane hAtha se bhojana bhI nahIM prostaa| ataH yaha dUsarA pramANa hai ki saccaka zramaNa nahIM thA, eka sAmAnya gRhastha thaa| 4. nirgranthazramaNa to kyA, vaha nirgranthazrAvaka kA putra hote hue bhI svayaM nirgranthoM kA anuyAyI nahIM thA, kyoMki vaha gautama buddha se svayaM kahatA hai ki maiMne makkhali gosAla, ajita kesakambala, prakrudha kAtyAyAna, saJjaya velaTThaputta ke alAvA nigaNThanATaputta se bhI zAstrArtha (vAda) kiyA thA ___ "abhijAnAmahaM, bho gotama, makkhaliM gosAlaM --- pe0--- ajitaM kesakambalaM --- pakudhaM kaccAyanaM--- saJjayaM belaTThaputtaM ---nigaNThaM nATaputtaM vAdena vAdaM smaarbhitaa| so pi mayA vAdena vAdaM samAraddho ajenanaM paTicari, bahiddhA kathaM apanAmesi, kopaM ca dosaM ca appaccayaM ca paatvaakaasi|"(mhaasccksutt / majjhimanikAyapAli / 1. mUlapaNNAsaka / pR. 345 / bauddhabhAratI, vaaraannsii)| jo bhagavAn mahAvIra se bhI zAstrArtha kara sakatA hai, vaha unakA ziSya bhI nahIM ho sakatA, taba unake nirgranthasampradAya kA zramaNa hone kI to bAta hI duur| bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ne bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha nAmaka grantha meM kahA hai ki "saccaka eka jainI kA putra hote hue bhI jaina nahIM hai|" (pR.201)| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki "saccaka kA yaha kathana tathya nahIM rakhatA ki usane mahAvIra svAmI ko vAda (zAstrArtha) meM parAsta kiyA thA, kyoMki vaha svayaM mahAtmA buddha se 'vAda' meM parAjita huA hai|" (pR. 201) / uparyukta pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki nigaNThaputta saccaka nirgranthoM ke anuyAyI zrAvaka kA putra thA, aura nirgranthazrAvaka kA putra hote hue bhI svayaM nigraMtha zrAvaka nahIM thA, apitu eka anirgrantha gRhastha thaa| usakI vizeSatA sirpha yaha thI ki vaha vAdapaNDita arthAt zAstrArthapravINa thaa|91 ataH muni kalyANavijaya jI kI yaha mAnyatA bhrAntipUrNa hai ki saccaka zramaNa thaa| cU~ki saccaka nirgrantha zramaNa nahIM thA, aura na kisI nirgrantha zramaNa kA putra ho sakatA thA, phira bhI use nirgranthaputra kahA gayA hai, isase spaSTa hai ki vaha nirgranthoM 91. "tena kho pana samayena saccako nigaNThaputto vesAliyaM paTivasati bhassappavAdako paNDitavAdo sAdhusammato bhujnss|" cULasaccakasutta/majjhimanikAyapAli/1. mUlapaNNAsaka/ pR. 313.5 bauddhabhAratI, vaaraannsii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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334 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 ke anuyAyI zrAvaka kA putra thaa| yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki bauddha-tripiTakasAhitya meM nirgranthasampradAya ke zrAvakoM ko bhI 'nirgrantha' zabda se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| isakA bahuta spaSTa pramANa jAtaka-aTThakathA (tRtIya bhAga) kI cUlakAliGgajAtakavaNNanA meM milatA hai| isameM na kevala nirgrantha zrAvaka ko 'nirgrantha' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai, apitu nirgranthazrAvikA ke lie bhI 'nirgranthI' zabda vyavahRta huA hai| yathA "vivarathimAsaM dvAranti idaM satthA jetavane viharanto catunnaM paribbAjikAnaM pabbajaM Arabbha kthesi| vesAliyaM kira licchavirAjUnaM satta sahassAni satta satAni satta ca licchavI vsiNsu| te sabbepi pucchApaTipucchAcittakA ahesuN| atheko paJcasu vAdasatesu byatto nigaNTho vesAliyaM sampApuNi, te tasya saGgahaM akNsu| aparApi evarUpA nigaNThI smpaapunni| rAjAno dvepi jane vAdaM kAresuM , ubhopi sadisAva ahesuN| tato licchavInaM etadahosi "ime dvepi paTicca uppanno putto byatto bhavissatI" ti| tesaM vivAhaM kAretvA dvepi ekato vaasesuN| atha nesaM saMvAsamanvAya paTipATiyA catasso dArikAyo eko ca dArako jaayi| dArikAnaM 'saccA', 'lolA', 'avadhArikA', 'paTicchAdA' ti nAmaM akaMsu dArakasya 'saccako' ti| te paJcapi janA vizrutaM pattA mAtito paJca vAdasatAni, pitito paJca vAdasatAnIti vAdasahassaM uggnnhiNsu| mAtApitaro dArikAnaM evaM ovadiMsu-"sace koci gihI tumhAkaM vAdaM bhindissati, tassa pAdaparicArikA bhveyyaath| sace pabbajito bhindissati, tassa santike pabbajeyyA thA" ti| aparabhAge mAtApitaro kaalmkNsu| tesu kAlakatesu saccakanigaNTho tattheva vesAliyaM licchavInaM sippaM sikkhApento vsi|" 92 yaha kevala prAsaMgika pAlimUla yahA~ diyA gayA hai| sampUrNa kathA kA zrI bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana-kRta hindI anuvAda nIce diyA jA rahA hai| unhoMne ise cullakAliMgajAtaka nAma se varNita kiyA hai| cullakAliGga-jAtaka vaizAlI meM sAta hajAra sAta sau sAta licchavI-rAjA rahate the| ve sabhI zAstrArthakuzala the| eka bAra eka pA~ca sau vAdoM (matoM) meM paMDita nirgrantha vaizAlI phuNcaa| unhoMne usakA Adara-satkAra kiyaa| eka dUsarI usI taraha kI nirgranthI bhI A phuNcii| rAjAoM ne donoM kA zAstrArtha kraayaa| donoM barAbara rhe| taba licchaviyoM ne 92. cULakAliGgajAtakavaNNanA/khuddakanikAye jAtaka-aTThakathA / bhA.3/pR. 1-2/ vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa igatapurI, san 1998 ii.| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 335 socA-'ina donoM se utpanna putra medhAvI hogaa|' unhoMne donoM kA vivAha karAkara, unheM eka jagaha bsaayaa| donoM ke sahavAsa se kramazaH cAra lar3akiyA~ aura eka lar3akA paidA huaa| lar3akiyoM kA saccA, lolA, avavAdakA (avadhArikA) aura paTAcArA (pATicchAdA) nAma rakhA gayA tathA lar3ake kA scck| una pA~coM ne bar3e hone para mAtA se pA~ca sau vAda aura pitA se pA~ca sau vAda, isa prakAra eka hajAra vAda sIkha liye| mAtA-pitA ne lar3akiyoM ko yaha nasIhata dI ki yadi koI gRhastha tumheM zAstrArtha meM harA de, to usakI caraNa-dAsiyA~ bana jAnA aura yadi koI pravrajita harA de to usake pAsa pravrajita ho jaanaa| samaya bItane para mAtA-pitA cala bse| unake marane para saccaka nirgrantha vahIM vaizAlI meM licchaviyoM ko zilpa (vidyA) sikhAtA huA rahane lgaa| bahanoM ne jambu-zAkhA le, zAstrArtha ke lie nagara-nagara ghUmanA Arambha kiyaa| zrAvastI pahu~ca unhoMne nagara-dvAra para zAkhA gAr3a dI aura bAlakoM se kahA ki jo hamase zAstrArtha kara sake, vaha gRhastha ho yA pravrajita, isa bAlU kI DherI ko pA~va se bikhera kara isa jambu-zAkhA ko pA~va se hI kucala de| yaha kahakara ve bhikSArtha nagara meM giiN| AyuSmAn sAriputra binA buhArI jagaha ko buhAra kara khAlI ghar3oM meM pAnI bhara, aura rogiyoM kI sevA kara dina car3hane para bhikSArtha nikle| unhoMne vaha zAkhA dekhI, aura lar3akoM se puuchaa| lar3akoM ke batalAne para unhoMne use lar3akoM se hI giravAkara kucalavA diyA aura unase kahA ki jinhoMne yaha zAkhA gAr3I ho, ve bhojana samApta kara jetavana kI Dyor3hI para Akara mujhase mileN| bhikSA se lauTa kara bhojanAntara ve vihAra kI Dyor3hI para hI rhe| una parivrAjikAoM ne bhI bhikSA se lauTa, usa zAkhA ko mardita dekhakara pUchA "ise kisane kucalA?" "sAriputra sthavira ne| yadi tuma zAstrArtha karanA cAho, to vihAra kI Dyor3hI para jaao|" baccoM se yaha suna, ve phira nagara meM gaIM aura janatA ko ikaTThA kara vihAra kI Dyor3hI para phuNcii| vahA~ unhoMne sthavira se eka hajAra prazna puuche| sthavira ne uttara dekara pUchA "aura bhI kucha jAnatI ho?" "svAmI! nahIM jaantiiN|" "maiM kucha pUchU ?" For Personal & Private Use Only

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336 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 "svAmI puuche| jAnatI hoMgI, to kheNgii|" sthavira ne pUchA-"eka bAta kyA hai?" ve nahIM batA sakIM, taba sthavira ne btaayii| isa para ve bolI"svAmI! hamArI parAjaya huii| ApakI jaya huii|" "aba kyA karogI?" "hamAre mAtA-pitA ne hamase kahA thA ki yadi gRhastha se parAjita huIM, to usakI gRhiNI bana jAnA aura yadi pravrajita se parAjita huIM, to unake pAsa pravrajita ho jaanaa| Apa hameM pravrajita kreN|" sthavira ne 'acchA' kahakara unheM utpalavarNA sthavirI ke pAsa pravrajita kraayaa| sabhI zIghra hI arhatva ko prApta huiiN| bhikSuoM ne dharmasabhA meM carcA kI-AyuSmAno! sAriputra sthavira ne cAroM parivrAjikAoM kA sahAyaka ho, sabhI ko arhatva prApta karA diyaa|3 isa kathA meM nirgranthasampradAya ke zAstrArthakuzala zrAvaka-zrAvikA ko 'nirgrantha' aura 'nirgranthI' zabdoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| ve zramaNa aura zramaNI nahIM the, yaha isI bAta se siddha hai ki vaizAlI ke zAstrArthanipuNa 'sAta hajAra sAta sau sAta' licchavI rAjAgaNoM aura anya dharmavRddha logoM ne, jo saMbhavataH nirgranthasampradAya ke hI rahe hoMge, unakA vivAha karAnA ucita samajhA aura ve nirgrantha-nirgranthI bhI isake lie taiyAra ho gye| yadi ve muni aura AryikA hote, to pahale to svayaM aisA pApakarma karane meM lajjita hote, punaH yadi ve nirlajja hokara aisA kadama uThAte, to vaizAlI ke zAstrArthakuzala licchavI-rAjAgaNa aura anya dharmavRddha unheM aisA karane se rokate, kyoMki dharma aura sAmAjika maryAdAoM kI rakSA karane kA uttaradAyitva una para thaa| ataH ve zrAvakazrAvikA hI the, phira bhI unake lie 'nirgranth' aura 'nirgranthI' zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta unase jo cAra putriyoM ke atirikta eka 'saccaka' nAma kA putra utpanna huA thA, vaha vaizAlI meM rahakara hI licchaviyoM ko zilpa sikhAne lagA thA, jisase sUcita hotA hai ki vaha gRhastha hI thaa| usake lie bhI kathA meM 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| saMbhavataH saccaka vahI nirgranthaputra saccaka hai, jisakA varNana 'majjhimanikAyapAli' (bhA.1) ke 'mahAsaccakasutta' meM huA hai| ye prayoga isa 93. anuvAdaka : bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana/cullakAliMgajAtaka / pariccheda 4/jAtaka/tRtIya khnndd| pR. 172-173 / hindI sAhitya sammelana prayAga, san 1990 ii.| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 337 bAta ke pramANa haiM ki bauddhasAhitya meM nirgranthasampradAya ke zrAvakoM ko bhI 'nirgrantha' zabda se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki anya sampradAyoM se unakI bhinnatA darzAne ke lie isake atirikta aura koI zabda hI nahIM thaa| isalie muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai ki bauddhasAhitya meM sarvatra jaina zrAvakoM kA kathana 'nigaMThasAvaka' yA 'nigaMThassa nAthaputtassa sAvakA' zabdoM se huA hai, 'nigaNTha' zabda se bhI huA hai, yaha uparyukta pramANoM se siddha hai| 'odAtavasana' kA artha zvetavastradhArI muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI kI dUsarI Apatti yaha hai ki 'odAtavasana' meM 'odAta' (avadAta) kA artha zveta nahIM, apitu ujjvala athavA svaccha hai aura ujjvala zveta bhI ho sakatA hai aura anyavarNa bhii| (a.bh.m./pR.323)| kintu saMskRta-hindIkoza tathA pAli-hindIkoza meM 'odAta' evaM 'avadAta' kA artha zveta bhI milatA hai| prasiddha bauddha vidvAn zrI bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana ne apane pAli-hindIkoza meM 'odAtavasana' kA artha ekamAtra 'zvetavastradhArI' hI kiyA hai| __tathA samrATa azoka ke sAranAtha-laghustambhalekha meM likhA hai ki jo bhikSu yA bhikSuNI saMgha meM bheda utpanna karegA, use avadAtavastra dhAraNa karAkara ekAnta sthAna meM rakhA jAyegA-"bhikhU vA bhikhuni vA saMghaM bhAkhati se odAtAni dusAni sanaMdhApayi yA AnAvAsasi aavaasyiye|"14 yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya hai ki bauddha bhikkhu lAla raMga ke vastra pahanate the, Aja bhI pahanate haiN| unheM saMghabheda karane ke daNDasvarUpa avadAta dUSya (vastra) dhAraNa karAkara alaga rakhane kI cetAvanI dI gaI hai| kyA yahA~ lAla raMga ke vastroM ko ujvala karake pahanAne kA Azaya hai? aisA karanA daNDa hogA yA puraskAra? vastutaH raktapaTa bauddha bhikkhu-bhikkhuniyoM kA dhArmika veza hai| use chInakara zvetavastra pahanAne se hI bahiSkArarUpa daNDa phalita ho sakatA hai| ataH yahA~ avadAtavastra se zvetavastra artha hI abhipreta hai| tAtparya yaha ki uparyukta dhArmika prakaraNoM meM 'avadAtavastra' zabda zvetavastra artha kA hI vAcaka hai| ataH dIghanikAyapAli (bhA. 3) ke 'pAsAdikasutta' meM kathita "ye pi nigaNThassa nATaputtassa sAvakA gihI odAtavasanA" isa vAkya kA "mahAvIra ke zvetavastradhArI gRhastha zrAvaka" yaha artha svIkAra karanA sarvathA ucita hai| 94. sAranAtha-laghustambhalekha / 'bhAratIya purAlekhoM kA adhyayana': DaoN. zivarUpa sahAya/ pR. 13.55 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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338 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 14 'divyAvadAna' meM nirgrantha-zramaNa kA nagnarUpa "divyAvadAna' saMskRta meM likhita prAcIna bauddhagrantha hai| vidvAnoM ne isakA racanAkAla prathama zatAbdI I0 mAnA hai|5 isakI sarvaprathama khoja zrI bI. eca. haoNjasana (Hodgson) ne nepAla meM kI thii| aura isakA pahalA sampAdana kaimbrija vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta ke prophesara zrI epha0 bI0 kAvela (Cowell) evaM vyAkhyAtA zrI Ara0 e0 nIla (Neil) ne romanalipi meM kiyA hai| isa grantha kI bhASA mizra (Hybrid) saMskRta hai, kyoMki isameM pAlibhASA ke zabdoM aura prayogoM kA mizraNa hai| isameM apANinIya prayoga bhI anekatra haiM, tathA aise aneka zabda milate haiM jinakA prayoga saMskRtasAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kaI zabda aise haiM, jinakA vyavahAra aparicita artha meM kiyA gayA hai| ye grantha kI prAcInatA ke lakSaNa haiN| inakA vistAra se vivecana zrI 'kAvela' aura 'nIla' ne 'divyAvadAna' kI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai| 'divyAvadAna' meM eka 'pratihAryasUtra' nAma kI kathA hai, jisameM nirgrantha zramaNoM ko nagnavezadhArI batalAyA gayA hai| kathA kA sAra yaha hai ki nirgrantha zramaNa 'pUraNa kAzyapa' gautama buddha se RddhiprAtihArya-pradarzana (camatkAra-pradarzana) kI pratispardhA meM parAjita aura yakSa dvArA utpanna AtaMka se bhayabhIta hokara bhAga jAtA hai tathA gale meM bAlukAghaTa bA~dhakara zitikA nAmaka puSpakariNI meM kUdakara AtmahatyA kara letA hai| usake anuyAyI nirgrantha-zramaNa use DhU~r3hate hue mArga meM eka gaNikA ko dekhakara pUchate haiM-"kyA tumane pUraNa nirgrantha ko dekhA hai, jisakA zarIra dharmavastra se AvRta thA?" gaNikA kahatI hai-"vaha to zitikA puSkariNI meM DUbakara mara gyaa|" nirgrantha zramaNa kahate haiM-"aisA mata kho| vaha to dharmavastra se zarIra ko AvRta kara dharmAcaraNa karanevAlA muni hai|" gaNikA kahatI hai __ "vaha ajJAnI puruSa buddhimAn kaise ho sakatA hai, jo logoM ke sAmane nagna hokara gA~va meM ghUmatA-phiratA hai, jisakA 'dharma' liMga kA pradarzana karanA hai ('yasyAyamIdRzo dharmaH purastAllambate dazA') usake to donoM kAna rAjA ko chure se kaTavA dene caahie|" ve nirgrantha zramaNa 'zitikA' nAmaka puSpakariNI (sarovara) para jAte haiM aura dekhate haiM ki pUraNa kAzyapa usameM marA par3A hai| ve usake zava ko puSkariNI se nikAlate haiM aura eka tarapha chor3akara cale Ate haiN| kathA kA prAsaMgika saMskRta mUlapATha nIce diyA jA rahA hai 95. baladeva upAdhyAya : saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa / pR.437| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra0 2 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 339 "atha pUraNo nirgrantho bAlukAghaTaM kaNThe baddhvA zitikAyAM puSkiriNyAM16 patitaH / sa tatraiva kaalgtH| atha te nirgranthAH pUraNaM mRgayamANAH pratimArge gaNikAM dRSTvA pRcchanti - bhadre ! kaJcit tvamadrAkSIrgacchantamiha pUraNaM dharmazATapraticchannaM kaTacchavratabhojanam ? gaNikA prAha ApAyiko nairayiko mukthstaavcaarkH| svetAbhyAM97 pANipAdAbhyAM eSa dhvaMsati pUraNaH // bhadre maivaM vocastvaM naitattava subhaassitm| dharmazATapraticchanno dharmaM saJcarate muniH // gaNikA prAha kathaM sa buddhimAn bhavati lokasya pazyato yo'yaM yasyAyamIdRzo dharmaH tasya vai zravaNau puruSo vyaJjanAnvitaH / grAme carati nagnakaH // purastAllambate dazA / kSurapreNAvakRntatu // atha te nirgranthA yena zitikA puSkiriNI tenopasaGkrAntAH / adrAkSuste nirgranthAH pUraNaM kAzyapaM puSkariNyAM mRtaM kAlagatam / dRSTvA ca punaH puSkiriNyA uddhRtyaikAnte chorayitvA prakAntAH / 98 rAjA yahA~ jisa pUraNa kAzyapa kI carcA hai, vaha akriyavAdI pUraNa kAzyapa se bhinna hai, kyoMki akriyavAdI pUraNa kAzyapa nirgranthasampradAya kA nahIM thA, kintu yaha nirgranthasampradAya kA thaa| isa kathA meM batalAyA gayA hai ki nirgrantha pUraNa kAzyapa ke anuyAyI nirgrantha usake zava ko puSkariNI se nikAlakara ekatarapha chor3akara cale jAte haiM / yaha nirgrantha muniyoM ke antima saMskAra kI vahI vijahanA prathA hai, jisakA varNana 'bhagavatI - ArAdhanA' meM kiyA gayA hai| isa prathA ke ullekha kI samAnatA se 'bhagavatI - ArAdhanA' grantha bhI 'divyAvadAna' ke samAna hI prAcIna siddha hotA hai| 96. 'puSkariNyAM' honA cAhie / 97. 'zvetAbhyAM ' honA cAhie / 98. The Divyavadana, pp. 165-166. prathama zatAbdI I0 meM racita 'divyAvadAna' meM nirgrantha muniyoM ke nagnarUpa kA varNana hone se siddha hai ki prAcIna bauddhasAhitya meM digambara jaina muniyoM kA ullekha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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340 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 15 dhammapada-aTThakathA meM nirgrantha kA nagnarUpa aTThakathA-sAhitya kI racanA cauthI-pA~cavI zatAbdI I0 meM huI hai| dhammapadaaTThakathA ke racayitA buddhaghoSa haiN| isameM eka visAkhAvatthu nAma kI kathA hai, jisameM nirgranthoM ko nagnarUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| kathA isa prakAra hai "migAraseTThipi puttassa AvAhamaGgalaM karonto dhuravihAre vasantampi tathAgataM amanasikaritvA dIgharattaM naggasamaNakesu patiTThitena pemena codiyamAno "mahaM ayyAnampi sakkAraM karissAmI" ti ekadivasaM anekasatesu navabhAjanesu nirudakapAyAsaM pacApetvA paJcasate acelake nimantApetvA antogehaM pavesatvA, "Agacchatu me suNisA, arahante vandatU" ti visAkhAya sAsanaM phinni| sA 'arahanto' ti vacanaM sutvA sotApannA ariyasAvikA haTTatuTThA hutvA tesaM bhojanaTThAnaM AgantvA te oloketvA, "evarUpA hirotappavirahitA arahantA nAma na honti, kasmA maM sasuro pakkosApesI" ti, 'dhI, dhI' ti seTuiM garahitvA attano vasanaTThAnameva gtaa| acelakA taM disvA sabbe ekappahAreneva seTuiM garahiMsu-"kiM tvaM gahapati, avaM nAlattha, samaNassa gotamassa sAvikaM mahAkALakaNNiM idha pavesesi, vegena naM imasmA gehA nikkADDhApehI" ti| so 'na sakkA mayA imesaM vacanamatteneva nikkADDhApetuM, mahAkulassa sA dhItA' ti cintetvA, "ayyA, daharA nAma jAnitvA vA ajAnitvA vA kareyyuM, tumhe tuNhI hothA" ti te uyyojetvA sayaM mahArahe Asane nisIditvA suvaNNapAtiyaM nirudakaM madhupAyAsaM pribhunyji| "tasmiM samaye eko piNDapAtikatthero piNDAya caranto taM nivesanaM paavisi| visAkhA sasuraM bIjayamAnA ThitA taM disvA 'sasurassa AcikkhituM ayutta' nti yathA so theraM passati, evaM apagantvA atttthaasi| so pana bAlo theraM disvApi apassanto viya hutvA adhomukho bhunyjtev| visAkhA 'theraM disvApi me sasuro sanaM na karotI' ti atvA, "aticchatha bhante, mayhaM sasuro purANaM khAdatI" ti aah| so nigaNThehi kathitakAle adhivAsetvApi 'purANaM khAdatI' ti vuttakkhaNeyeva hatthaM apanetvA, "imaM pAyAsaM ito nIharatha, etaM imasmA gehA nikkaDDatha, ayaM maM evarUpe maGgalakAle asucikhAdakaM nAma karotI" ti aah|"99 anuvAda "migAra seTha apane putra ke vivAha kA maMgala (utsava) kara rahA thaa| yadyapi par3ausa ke vihAra meM tathAgata (buddha) nivAsa karate the, to bhI unakI upekSA kara seTha ne nagna zramaNoM ke prema se prerita ho 'maiM AryoM kA bhI satkAra karU~gA' aisA socakara 99. visAkhAvatthu / kra.8/khuddakanikAye dhammapada-aTThakathA / bhAga 1 / pR. 223-224 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra0 2 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 341 eka dina saikar3oM naye vartanoM meM jalarahita khIra pakavAI aura pA~ca sau nagnamuniyoM ko AmaMtrita kara ghara ke bhItara praveza kraayaa| muniyoM ke Ane para seTha ne vizAkhA (putravadhU) ke pAsa Adeza bhijavAyA ki vaha Akara muniyoM ko praNAma kre| vizAkhA 'muni' nAma sunakara bahuta prasanna huI aura bhojanazAlA meM AyI, kintu nagna muniyoM ko dekhakara socane lagI ki muni to aise lajjA - bhayarahita nahIM hote| mere sasura ne mujhe kyoM bulavAyA ? 'chI-chI' isa prakAra seTha kI nindA karatI huI apane AvAsa meM calI gyii| nagna muni use dekhakara eka sAtha seTha kI nindA karane lage - " dhikkAra hai gRhapati ! kyA tumheM aura koI nahIM milI, jo tuma zramaNa gautama kI zrAvikA ko ghara meM le Aye? ise turanta ghara se nikaalo|" seTha socane lagA- 'inake kahane mAtra se maiM ise nahIM nikAla sktaa| yaha bar3e kula kI beTI hai|' yaha socakara vaha muniyoM se bolA - " Arya ! yaha bAlikA hai, jAne-anajAne meM yaha aisA kara baitthii| Apa hI zAnta raheM" isa prakAra samajhA-bujhAkara seTha ne unheM bidA kiyA aura svayaM bahumUlya Asana para baiThakara svarNapAtra meM nirjala madhura khIra khAne lagA / " usI samaya eka bhikSu bhikSA ke lie bhramaNa karatA haA usake ghara meM praviSTa huA / vizAkhA sasura ko paMkhA jhala rahI thI / usane socA- ' sasura ko batalAnA ThIka nahIM hai, svayaM hI bhikSu ko dekha leNge|' kintu seTha bhikSu ko dekhakara bhI anadekhA karatA huA nIce mu~ha kiye hue bhojana karatA rhaa| vizAkhA ne yaha dekhakara ki mere sasura bhikSu ko dekhakara bhI usakI ora dhyAna nahIM de rahe haiM, bhikSu se kahA - " bhante ! Apa jAya~, mere sasura 'purAnA' khA rahe haiN|" jisa seTha ne pahale vizAkhA ko nirgranthoM se kSamA karA diyA thA, usane isa samaya 'purAnA khA rahe haiM (bAsI khA rahe haiM) ye vacana sunate hI bhojana se hAtha haTA liyA aura sevakoM se bolA - "yaha khIra le jAo aura ise (vizAkhA ko ) isa ghara se nikAla do| yaha mujhe isa maMgala avasara para azucibhakSaNa karA rahI hai / " yaha uparyukta pAli uddharaNa kA anuvAda hai| isake bAda vizAkhA spaSTa kara detI hai ki " purAnA khA rahe haiM isa kathana kA Azaya yaha thA ki mere sasura pUrvArjita puNyoM kA hI bhoga kara rahe haiM, isa samaya bhikSA na dekara nayA puNya arjita karane se vaMcita ho rahe haiN| " bAda meM apanI putravadhU vizAkhA kI preraNA se buddha kA upadeza sunakara seTha buddha kA anuyAyI bana jAtA hai aura vizAkhA ko apanI mAtA mAna letA hai| isa kathA nirgranthoM ko spaSTa zabdoM meM nagnazramaNa kahA gayA hai aura vizAkhA, jo ki buddhopAsaka parivAra se AyI thI, muniyoM ke nagnarUpa ko dekhakara unheM lajjAbhaya For Personal & Private Use Only w

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342 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 se rahita kahakara amuni ghoSita kara detI hai aura praNAma kiye binA hI calI jAtI hai, isase bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki uttarakAlIna bauddhasAhitya meM bhI nirgranthamuni nagnarUpa meM hI varNita haiN| nirgrantha meM avAstavika AcaraNa kA citraNa buddha ke prati vizAkhA kI ananya bhakti darzAne ke lie nirgranthoM ke prati usakA tIvra ghRNAbhAva darzAnA Avazyaka thaa| isakA avasara upasthita karane ke lie dhammapadaaTThakathA ke kartA buddhaghoSa ne nirgranthoM ko aisA AcaraNa karate hue dikhAyA hai, jo vAstavikatA ke viruddha hai| nirgrantha muni bhojana kA nimantraNa svIkAra nahIM karate, apitu niyata samaya para AhAra ke lie svayaM hI zrAvakoM ke gharoM ke sAmane se nikalate haiN| usa samaya jo bhI zrAvaka unakA bhaktipUrvaka pratigrahaNa karatA hai aura unake dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA abhigraha (vRttiparisaMkhyAna AhArasambandhI niyamavizeSa) yadi vahA~ pUrNa hotA hai, to usI ke ghara meM khar3e hokara pANipAtra meM AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| kintu buddhaghoSa ne likhA hai ki migAra zreSThI ne pA~ca sau nirgranthoM ko bhojana ke lie Amantrita kiyA aura ghara meM praveza kraayaa| yadi buddhaghoSa nirgranthoM ko bhojana kA nimantraNa svIkAra karanevAlA na darzAte, to pA~ca sau muniyoM kA eka ghara meM AhAra ke lie eka sAtha praveza yuktisaMgata siddha na hotA aura vaisA na hone para vizAkhA ke dvArA pA~ca sau nirgranthoM kA apamAna kiyA jAnA saMbhava na hotaa| ataH ise saMbhava banAne ke lie buddhaghoSa ne nirgranthoM ko nimaMtraNa dene para bhojana ke lie AnevAle sAdhuoM ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai, jo vAstavikatA ke viruddha hai| aisA eka udAharaNa dhammapada-aTThakathA kI 'nigaMThavatthu aTThakathA' meM bhI milatA hai| kathA isa prakAra hai "alajjitAyeti imaM dhammadesanaM satthA jetavane viharanto nigaNThe Arabbha kthesi| ekasmihi divase bhikkhU nigaNThe disvA kathaM samuTThApesuM , "Avuso, sabbaso appaTicchannehi acelakehi ime nigaNThA varatarA, ye ekaM purimapassampi tAva paTicchAdenti, sahirikA maje ete" ti| taM sutvA nigaNThA "na mayaM etena kAraNena paTicchAdema, paMsurajAdayo pana puggalA eva, jIvitindriyapaTibaddhA eva, te no bhikkhAbhAjanesu mA patiMsUti iminA kAraNena paTicchAdemA" ti vatvA tehi saddhiM vAdapaTivAdavasena bahuM kathaM kthesuN| bhikkhU satthAraM upasaGkamitvA nisinnakAle taM pavattiM aarocesuN| satthA, "bhikkhave, alajjitabbena lajjitvA, lajjitabbena alajjamAnA nAma duggatiparAyaNAva hontI" ti vatvA dhammaM desanto imA gAthA abhAsi For Personal & Private Use Only

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te jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 343 alajjitAye lajjanti, lajjitAye na lajjare / micchAdiTThisamAdAnA, sattA gacchanti duggatiM // 316 // abhaye bhayadassino bhaye cAbhayadassino / micchAdiTThisamAdAnA, sattA gacchanti duggati nti // 317 // dhammapada / " tattha alajjitAye ti alajjitabbena / bhikkhAbhAjanahi alajjitabbaM nAma, pana taM paTicchAdetvA vicarantA tena lajjanti nAma / lajjitAyeti apaTicchannena hirikopInaGgena lajjitabbena / te pana taM apaTicchAdetvA vicarantA lajjitAye na lajjanti nAma / tena tesaM alajjitabbena lajjitaM lajjitabbena alajjitaM tucchagahaNabhAvena ca aJJathAgahaNabhAvena camicchAdiTThi hoti / taM samAdiyitvA vicarantA pana te micchAdiTThisamAdAnA sattA nirayAdibhedaM duggatiM gacchantIti attho / abhayeti bhikkhAbhAjanaM nissAya rAgadosa- moha-mAnadiTThikilesaduccaritabhayAnaM anuppajjanato bhikkhAbhAjanaM abhayaM nAma, bhayena taM paTicchAdentA pana abhaye bhayadassino nAma / hirikopInaGgaM pana nissAya rAgAdInaM uppajjanato taM bhayaM nAma, tassa apaTicchAdanena bhaye cAyabhayadassino / tassa taM ayathAgahaNassa samAdinnattA micchAdiTThisamAdAnA sattA duggahiM gacchantIti attho / 100 a0 4 / pra0 2 anuvAda " alajjitAye" ityAdi dharmadezanA zAstA ne jetavana meM vihAra karanevAle nirgranthoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara kI hai| eka dina (bauddha) bhikSu nirgranthoM ko dekhakara carcA karane lage - " mitro, sarvathA nagna rahanevAle sAdhuoM se ye nirgrantha acche haiM, kyoMki ye sAmane kA bhAga Dha~ke rahate haiN| isalie lagatA hai ki ye sahIka (lajjAvAn ) haiM / yaha sunakara nirgrantha bole-"hama isa kAraNa ( lajjA ke kAraNa) nahIM Dha~kate haiM, pratyuta dhUla Adi bhI jIva (pudgala) hI haiM, ve jIvana aura indriyoM se saMyukta hI haiM, ve hamAre bhikSApAtroM meM na gira jAya~, isa kAraNa hama Dha~kate haiN|" aisA kahane ke bAda unake sAtha bahuta dera taka vAdavivAda huaa| 101 " jaba zAstA (guru) baiThe hue the, taba bhikSuoM ne unake pAsa jAkara, isa ghaTanA kI sUcanA dii| zAstA bole - " bhikSuo ! jo lajjA na karane yogya kArya meM lajjA karate haiM aura lajjA karane yogya kArya meM lajjA nahIM karate, ve durgati ke pAtra hote haiN|" yaha kahakara dharma kA upadeza dete hue unhoMne ye gAthAe~ kahIM- 100. nigaNThavatthu / kra.8/ khuddakanikAye dhammapada - aTThakathA / bhAga 2 / pR. 279-280 / 101. pAlibhASA meM ' puggala' (pudgala) kA artha 'jIva' hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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344 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 "jo prANI lajjA na karane yogya kArya meM lajjA karate haiM aura lajjA karane yogya kArya meM lajjA nahIM karate, ve mithyA dRSTi kA avalambana karane se durgati ko prApta hote haiN|" (gAthA 316) / "jo prANI bhaya na karane yogya kArya meM bhaya karate haiM aura bhaya karane yogya kArya meM bhaya nahIM karate, ve mithyA dRSTi kA Azraya karane se durgati ko prApta hote haiN|" (gAthA 317) / "alajjitAye isa gAthA kA abhiprAya isa prakAra hai-bhikSApAtra lajjA kA kAraNa nahIM hai, kintu ve nirgrantha use pracchAdita karake vicAraNa karate haiM arthAt bhikSApAtra kA dUsaroM ko dikhanA unake lie lajjA kAraNa hotA hai| kintu anAvRta puruSacihna (liMga) lajjA kA kAraNa hai, phira bhI ve nirgrantha use binA DhaMke hI vicaraNa karate haiN| yaha lajjA kI bAta hai, kintu ve usase lajjita nahIM hote| isa prakAra jo kArya lajjA ke yogya nahIM hai, usase ve lajjita hote haiN| aura jo lajjA ke yogya hai usase lajjita nahIM hote| yaha anyathAgrahaNabhAva mithyA dRSTi hai| isa mithyA dRSTi ko grahaNa kara vicaraNa karate hue ve prANI narakAdi durgati ko prApta hote haiN|" __ "abhaye isa gAthA kA artha isa prakAra hai-bhikSApAtra ke nimitta se rAga, dveSa, moha, mAna, kleza, duzcaritra Adi ke bhaya utpanna nahIM hote, isalie bhikSApAtra bhaya kA kAraNa nahIM hai, tathApi bhaya kA kAraNa samajhakara use ve pracchAdita karate haiN| isa prakAra abhaya meM bhI ve bhaya dekhate haiN| isake viparIta puruSendriya (hirikopInaGgahrIkaupInAGga = lajjAjanaka guptAGga) ke nimitta se rAgAdi kI utpatti hotI hai, ataH vaha bhaya kA kAraNa hai| phira bhI ve use DhaMkate nahIM hai| isa taraha ve bhaya meM abhaya dekhate haiN| isa mithyA dRSTi ke Azraya se prANI durgati meM jAte haiN|" isa aTThakathA meM nirgranthoM (digambarajaina muniyoM) ko bhikSApAtradhArI batalAyA gayA hai, jo vAstavikatA ke viruddha hai| digambarajaina muni bhikSApAtra nahIM rakhate, ve pANitalabhojI hote haiM isake viparIta jo bhikSApAtra rakhate haiM, ve zvetAmbara muni nagna nahIM rhte| vastralabdhiyukta jinakalpI zvetAmbara muniyoM kA zarIra alaukika vastra se AcchAdita batalAyA gayA hai aura vastralabdhi-rahita jinakalpiyoM kI nagnatA eka, do yA tIna kalpoM (prAvaraNoM) ke dhAraNa karane se adRSTigocara kahI gayI hai| sthavirakalpI zvetAmbara muni to prAvaraNoM ke atirikta colapaTTa bhI dhAraNa karate the| isa prakAra koI bhI zvetAmbara muni nagna nahIM rahatA thaa| zvetAmbaragranthoM meM muni kA nagna rahanA asaMyama aura nirlajjatA kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|02 isalie yadi isa kathA meM bhikSApAtra ke varNana se zvetAmbara 102. dekhiye, dvitIya adhyAya / tRtIya prakaraNa / zIrSaka 3.3.1 jinakalpI bhI sacela aura angn|' For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra0 2 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 345 muniyoM kA kathana mAnA jAya, to unheM nagnarUpa meM varNana karanA zvetAmbara - munidharma viruddha hai, phalasvarUpa isa kathA meM unakA kathana nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yataH sampUrNa bauddhasAhitya meM 'nirgrantha' zabda se digambarajaina muniyoM kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai, ataH isa aTThakathA meM digambarajaina muniyoM kA hI kathana hai, yaha nirvivAda hai| tathA anya kisI bhI sthAna para nirgranthoM ko bhikSApAtradhArI nahIM batalAyA gayA hai, isase siddha hai ki buddhaghoSa ne " jo prANI lajjA na karane yogya kArya meM lajjA karate haiM aura lajjA karane yogya kArya meM lajjA nahIM karate, ve durgati ko prApta hote haiM", buddha isa upadeza ko kisI prasaMga se jor3ane lie nirgranthoM kA prasaMga kalpita kiyA hai| aura "jo lajjA karane yogya kArya meM lajjA nahIM karate" yaha to nirgranthoM para svadharmataH ghaTita ho jAtA hai, kintu " jo lajjA kA kAraNa nahIM hai, usameM lajjA karate haiM" yaha svadharmataH ghaTita nahIM hotA / ataH ise ghaTita karane ke lie buddhaghoSa ne unake sAtha bhikSApAtra grahaNa karane kA dharma apane mana se jor3a diyA hai / aura vicitra bAta yaha hai ki jaba ve nirgranthoM ke mukha se svayaM kahalavA rahe haiM ki bhikSApAtra ko hama lajjA ke kAraNa nahIM Dha~kate, apitu usameM jIva na gira jAya~, isalie Dha~kate haiM, phira bhI yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki ve bhikSApAtra ko lajjA ke hI kAraNa vastra se Dha~kate haiN| aura bhikSApAtra ko Dha~kane, na Dha~kane meM lajjA, alajjA kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA, kyoMki vaha koI azlIla azobhanIya vastu nahIM hai| ataH ve nirgrantha lajjA ke kAraNa bhikSApAtra ko vastra se Dha~kate haiM, yaha kalpanA hI, asaMgata hai| yaha bhI eka vicitra bAta hai ki aTThakathA - lekhaka pahale yaha bhrama paidA karate haiM ki nirgranthoM ne apane gopanIya aMga ko vastra se AcchAdita kara rakhA hai, bAda meM yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki gopanIya aMga nahIM, apitu bhikSApAtra vastra se Dha~kA gayA hai| isake atirikta ye nirgrantha sarvathA nagna the, phira bhI yaha tulanA kI gaI hai ki sarvathA nagna rahanevAle sAdhuoM se gopanIya aMga ko pracchAdita karanevAle ye nirgrantha acche haiM, sahIka (lajjAvAn) mAlUma hote haiN| ye visaMgatiyA~ evaM mithyA kathana siddha karate haiM ki aTThakathA-lekhaka ne apane prayojana ko siddha karane ke lie nirgranthoM ke sAtha una AcaraNoM ko bhI jor3a diyA hai, jo vAstavikatA ke viruddha haiN| 17 bauddhasAhitya meM vastradhArI nirgranthoM kA ullekha nahIM pAli-tripiTaka meM to 'nirgrantha' zabda se digambarajaina muni kA hI citraNa kiyA gayA hai, bauddha-aTThakathAoM meM bhI aisA hI upalabdha hotA hai| kintu zvetAmbaramuni zrI nagarAja jI ne dhammapada - aTThakathA kI 'nigaMThavatthu' evaM 'kuNDalakesItherIvatthu' meM tathA For Personal & Private Use Only w

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346 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 4 / pra0 2 " isa ghaTanA-prasaMga therIgAthA- aTThakathA kI 'bhaddAkuNDalakesA - therIgAthA vaNNanA' meM vastradhArI nirgranthoM kI carcA hone kI bAta kahI hai| 'nigaMThavatthu' kI samIkSA karate hue ve likhate haiMnigaNThoM ke vastradhAraNa kI carcA hai, para yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki kisa prakAra kA vastra ve dhAraNa karate the aura usakA kyA prayojana thA ? para, isase itanA to spaSTa hotA hI hai ki bauddhaparamparA ko sacelaka aura acelaka, donoM hI prakAra ke nigaNThoM kA paricaya hai| " ( Agama aura tripiTaka: eka anuzIlana / khaM.1/pR.439) / dhammapada-aTThakathA (8/3) aura therIgAthA - aTThakathA (9) kI 'kuNDalakesI - therIvatthu ' yA 'bhaddAkuNDalakesA-therIgAthA - vaNNanA' kI samIkSA meM muni jI kahate haiM " prasaMga bahuta hI sarasa va ghaTanAtmaka hai / buddha kI pramukha ziSyA kA pahale nigaMThasaMgha meM dIkSita honA, eka vizeSa bAta hai / kezaluMcana va zvetavastradhArI nigaNThoM kA ullekha aitihAsika mahattva kA hai / " Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana / khaNDa /1/pR. 447) / ukta kathAoM meM vastradhArI yA zvetavastradhArI nirgranthoM kI carcA hone kI bAta sarvathA mithyA hai| unameM nigaMThoM ke vastradhArI hone kA kathana kahIM bhI nahIM hai| dhammapadaaTThakathA kI 'nigaMThavatthu' kathA meM to isa tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| anya do kathAoM meM bhI nigaNThoM ke sAtha 'vastradhArI' vizeSaNa ke abhAva ke pramANa nIce diye jA rahe haiN| 17.1. kuNDalakesittherIvatthu isa kathA kA varNana dhammapada - aTThakathA ke AThaveM sahasravarga (sahassavaggo) meM tIsare krama (8/3) para tathA therIgAthA - aTThakathA meM nauveM krama para hai| donoM meM kathA samAna hai, kevala zreSThiputrI bhadrA ke dIkSAsampradAya donoM meM bhinna-bhinna batalAye gaye haiN| dhammapada-aTThakathA meM varNita kathA kA sAra isa prakAra hai-- kucha rAjapuruSa eka cora yuvaka ko pakar3akara vadhasthala le jA rahe the / zreSThaputrI bhadrA use dekhakara mohita ho jAtI hai aura usake sAtha vivAha ke lie mAtA-pitA se haTha karatI hai| pitA rAjapuruSoM ko eka hajAra mudrAe~ dekara cora ko chur3A letA hai aura usake sAtha putrI kA vivAha kara detA hai| cora yuvaka sasurAla meM hI rahane lagatA hai| bhadrA sadA AbhUSaNoM se ladI rahatI thii| cora yuvaka ke mana meM vicAra AtA hai ki kisI bahAne use cauraprapAta parvata para le jAkara mAra DAlA jAya aura AbhUSaNa lekara bhAga jAyA jaay| vaha bhadrA ko parvata para le jAtA hai / parvata para pahu~cane For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 347 para jaba bhadrA ko apane pati ke SaDyantra kA patA calatA hai, taba vaha use hI parvata se Dhakelakara mAra DAlatI hai aura AbhUSaNa vahIM chor3akara bhAga AtI hai| kintu phira lokApavAda ke bhaya se ghara nahIM jAtI aura parivrAjakoM ke Azrama meM jAkara pravrajyA grahaNa kara letI hai| bAda meM vaha bauddhadharma meM dIkSita ho jAtI hai| vahA~ usakA nAma kuNDalakesI rakha diyA jAtA hai| parivrAjakoM ke Azrama meM jAkara bhadrA ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke vRttAnta kA mUla pATha nIce diyA jA rahA hai "sApi coraM papAte khipitvA cintesi, "sacAhaM gehaM gamissAmi, 'sAmiko te kuhiM' ti pucchissnti| sacAhaM evaM puTThA-'mArito me' ti vakkhAmi, 'dubbinIte sahassaM datvA taM AharApetvA idAni naM mAresI' ti maM mukhasattIhi vijjhissanti, 'AbharaNatthAya so maM mAretukAmo ahosI' ti vuttepi na saddahissanti, alaM me gehenA' ti tatthevAbharaNAni chaDDatvA arakhaM pavisitvA anupubbena vicarantI ekaM paribbAjakAnaM assamaM patvA vanditvA-'mavhaM bhante, tumhAkaM santike pabbajaM dethA' ti aah| atha naM pbbaajesuN|" (dhmmpd-atttthkthaa/bhaa.2/8/3/pR.326)| __anuvAda-"usane bhI cora ko prapAta meM girAkara socA ki aba yadi maiM ghara lauTatI hU~, to loga pUchege ki tumhArA svAmI kahA~ hai? yadi maiM kahU~gI ki use maiMne mAra DAlA, to ve kaheMge ki duSTe! hajAra mudrAe~ dekara to usake sAtha ghara basAyA thA, Aja use bhI mAra DAlA? aisA kahakara ve mujha para kaTAkSa kreNge| yadi maiM kahU~gI ki vaha AbhUSaNoM ke lie mujhe mAra DAlanA cAhatA thA, to ve merI bAta para vizvAsa nahIM kreNge| isalie merA ghara na jAnA hI ucita hai| yaha socakara usane AbhUSaNa vahIM chor3a diye aura vana meM praveza kara vicaraNa karatI huI parivrAjakoM ke eka Azrama meM phuNcii| vahA~ parivrAjakoM ko praNAma kara vaha bolI-"bhante! mujhe apane dharma meM pravrajyA diijie| unhoMne use pravrajyA de dii|" therIgAthA-aTThakathA meM yaha aMza isa prakAra hai-"tato bhaddA cintesi, 'na sakkA mayA iminA niyAmena gehaM gantuM , itova gantvA ekaM pabbajjaM pabbajissAmI' ti nigaNThArAmaM gantvA nigaNThe pabbajjaM yaaci| atha naM te Ahesu 'kena niyAmena pabbajjA hotU' ti? 'yaM tumhAkaM pabbajjAya uttama, tadeva karothA' ti| te 'sAdhU' ti tassA tAlaTThinA kese luJcitvA pbbaajesuN| puna kesA vaDDantA kuNDalAvaTTA hutvA vddddesuN| tato paTThAya kuNDalakesAti nAma jaataa|" (therIgAthA-aTThakathA / 9-bhaddAkuNDalakesA therIgAthA-vaNNanA / pR.112)| anuvAda-"taba bhadrA ne socA ki maiM isa dazA meM (pati kI hatyA karane ke bAda) ghara nahIM jA sktii| yahA~ se jAkara pravrajyA grahaNa kruuNgii| yaha socakara nirgranthoM ke Azrama meM gayI aura unase pravrajyA kI yAcanA kii| ve usase bole-"kisa niyama For Personal & Private Use Only

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348 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 (vidhi) se pravrajyA dI jAya?" usane kahA-"ApakI pravrajyA meM jo uttama hai, vahI kiijie| unhoMne kahA-"ThIka hai" aura tAlaTThi se usake kezoM kA luJcana kara pravrajyA de dii| usake bAda usake keza bar3hate hue kuNDalAkAra (dhuMgharAle) ho gye| taba se usakA nAma kuNDalakesA par3a gyaa|" kucha samaya bAda vaha gautama buddha ke pAsa jAkara pravrajyA le letI hai aura apanI pUrva pravrajyA kI sadoSatA kA varNana karatI huI kahatI hai lUnakesI paGkadharI ekasATI pure cri| avajje vajamatinI vaje caavjjdssinii|| 107 // theriigaathaa| anuvAda-"maiM pUrva meM kezoM kA luMcana kara, maila dhAraNa kara aura eka sAr3I pahanakara nirdoSa ko sadoSa aura sadoSa ko nirdoSa mAnatI huI vicaraNa karatI rhii|" isa gAthA kI vyAkhyA therIgAthA-aTThakathA ke kartA ne isa prakAra kI hai"tattha lUnakesIti lUnA luJcitA kesA mayhanti lUnakesI, nigaNThesu pabbajAya tAlaTThinA luJcitakesA, taM sandhAya vdti| paGkadharIti dantakaTThassa akhAdanena (dAtauna ko na cabAne se) dantesu mala paGkadhAraNato pngkdhrii| ekasATIti nigaNThacArittavasena eksaattikaa| pure carinti (cariM iti) pubbe nigaNThI hutvA evaM vicri| avaje vajamatinIti nhAnucchAdana-dantakaTTha-khAdanAdike anavajje saavjjsnyii| vajje cAvajjadassinIti mAnamakkha-palAsa-vipallAsAdike sAvajje anvjjditttthii|" (therIgAthA-aTThakathA / 9-bhaddAkuNDalakesA-therIgAthAvaNNanA / pR.119)| anuvAda-"nirgranthoM kI pravrajyA meM kezoM kA luMcana hotA hai, usI ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhadrA apane ko lUnakezI kahatI hai| dAtauna (dantakASTha) na karane ke kAraNa dA~toM meM maila laga jAne se paGkadharI ho gaI thii| nirgranthasampradAya meM sAdhvI (AryikA) ke lie eka hI sAr3I dhAraNa karane kA niyama hai, isalie vaha ekazATI dhAraNa karatI thii| pUrva meM nirgranthI (AryikA) hokara vaha isa veza meM vicaraNa karatI thii| snAna, ucchAdana (zarIra ko ragar3anA), dantadhAvana Adi nirdoSa kAryoM ko vaha doSapUrNa mAnatI thI aura abhimAna, paranindA (makkha) IrSyA (palAsa), vacana para sthira na rahanA (vipallAsa) Adi doSapUrNa kAryoM ko nirdoSa samajhatI thii|" inameM se prathama kathA meM to yaha kahA gayA hai ki bhadrA kuNDalakezI ne parivAjakoM se pravrajyA grahaNa kI thI, nirgranthoM kA to kahIM nAma bhI nahIM aayaa| dUsarI kathA meM nirgranthoM se pravrajyA grahaNa karane kA kathana hai, kintu sampUrNa kathA meM nirgranthoM ke sAtha 'zvetavastradhArI' vizeSaNa kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai| isalie muni zrI nagarAja For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 349 jI ne jo yaha anuvAda kiyA hai ki "vaha (bhadrA) parvata se nIce utarakara zvetavastradhArI nigaNThoM ke saMgha meM pravrajita ho gayI" mUlakathA ke sarvathA viparIta hai| 17.2. muni zrI nagarAja jI ke bhrama kA kAraNa vastutaH yahI kathA khuddakanikAya ke apadAna nAmaka grantha meM bhI AyI hai, jisakA varNana therI 2.3.1-54 meM kiyA gayA hai| usameM 1 se 54 gAthAoM meM bhadrA uparyukta kathA kA AtmakathA ke rUpa meM varNana karatI hai| isa kathA meM kahA gayA hai ki bhadrAkuNDalakezI ne 'zvetavastra muniyoM' (setavatthAnaM) ke pAsa jAkara pravrajyA grahaNa kI tadAhaM pAtayitvAna giriduggamhi sttukN| santikaM setavatthAnaM upetvA pabbajiM ahN|| 36 // saNDAsena ca kese me luJcitvA sabbaso tdaa| pabbajitvAna samayaM AcikkhiMsu nirntrN|| 37 // anuvAda-"usa durgama parvata se sattuka ('sattuka' nAma ke cora pati) ko nIce girAkara maiM 'zvetavastroM' (zvetapaToM arthAt zvetAmbara muniyoM) ke pAsa jAkara pravrajita ho gyii| mere sabhI keza sa~r3asI se luciMta kara mujhe dIkSita kara diyA gyaa| tatpazcAt ve nirantara dharmopadeza dene lge|" 'apadAna' kI ye samasta 54 gAthAe~ 'therIgAthA-aTThakathA' kI 'bhaddAkuNDalakesAtherIgAthA-vaNNanA' (kra.9) meM nimnalikhita vAkyoM ke anantara uddhRta kI gayI haiM-"satthA tassA ANaparipAkaM JatvA.. sahassamapi ce gAthA antthpdsNhitaa| ekaM gAthApadaM seyyo yaM sutvA supasammatI ti|| imaM gaathmaah| gAthApariyosAne yathATitAva saha paTisambhidAhi arahattaM paapunni| tena vuttaM apadAne (apa/therI/2.3.1-54) padamuttaro nAma jino sabbadhammAna paarguu| ito satasahassamhi kappe uppagji naayko|| 1 // yaha 'apadAna' (therI 2.3) kI pahalI gAthA hai| isake bAda zeSa 53 gAthAe~ uddhRta haiN| inhIM ke antargata uparyukta 'tadAhaM pAtayitvAna' Adi do gAthAe~ (36-37) uddhRta haiN| isa prakAra "bhadrAkuDaNlakesA apane pati ko parvata se nIce Dhakelane ke bAda zvetavastra muniyoM ke pAsa jAkara pravrajyA grahaNa karatI hai" ye vacana apadAna meM varNita Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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350 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04/pra02 kathA meM kahe gaye haiM, therIgAthA-aTThakathA kI kathA meM nhiiN| 'therIgAthA-aTThakathA' kI kathA meM to yaha kahA gayA hai ki vaha (bhadrA) nirgranthoM ke Azrama meM jAkara pravrajyA letI hai-"nigaNThArAmaM gantvA nigaNThe pabbajjaM yaaci|" yahA~ 'nigaNTha' zabda ke sAtha 'zvetavastra' vizeSaNa nahIM hai, na hI 'apadAna' meM varNita 36vIM gAthA meM setavattha (zvetavastravAle) zabda ke sAtha nigaNTha vizeSya hai| isI prakAra dhammapada-aTThakathA meM varNita 'kuNDalakesI' vRttAnta meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bhadrA parivrAjakoM ke Azrama meM jAkara pravrajyA grahaNa karatI hai| isa taraha tInoM kathAoM meM bhadrA ko parivrAjaka, nirgrantha aura zvetapaTa , ina tIna alaga-alaga sampradAyoM meM pravrajyA grahaNa karate hue aura bAda meM unheM chor3akara bauddhamata meM pravrajita hote hue citrita kiyA gayA hai| isakA prayojana thA bauddhamata ke atirikta anya matoM ko hIna siddha krnaa| kintu muni zrI nagarAja jI ne 'apadAna' kI kathA meM varNita zvetavastra-muniyoM aura therIgAthA-aTThakathA kI kathA meM ullikhita nirgrantha-muniyoM ko abhinna samajhakara yaha mAna liyA hai ki bauddhasAhitya meM zvetavastradhArI nirgrantha muniyoM kA ullekha hai| unakI yaha dhAraNA bhrAntipUrNa hai, kyoMki 'vastradhArI' zabda aura 'nirgrantha' zabda dina aura rAta ke samAna parasparaviruddhArthI haiN| pUrva meM jaina, vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya, saMskRtasAhitya evaM zabdakozoM se uddharaNa dekara siddha kiyA gayA hai ki 'nirgrantha' zabda aikAntikarUpa se nagnamudrAdhArI muni kA vAcaka hai| tathA kadambavaMzIya rAjA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA kA devagiri-tAmrapatralekha (kra. 98) isa tathya kA pakkA sabUta hai ki bhAratIya itihAsa meM 'nirgrantha' aura 'zvetapaTa' nAma ke parasparabhinna do sampradAya prasiddha the, kyoMki aitihAsika prasiddhi ke binA abhilekhoM meM unakA bhinna sampradAyoM ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM ho sktaa| aura jaisA rAjA zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke tAmrapatralekha meM unakI bhinnatA kA ullekha hai, vaisA kisI bhI abhilekha evaM bhArata ke kisI bhI sampradAya ke sAhitya meM unake ekatva kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai| arthAt jo nirgrantha hai, usake zvetapaTa hone kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai aura jo zvetapaTa hai, usake nirgrantha hone kA ullekha anupalabdha hai| ataH muni zrI nagarAja jI kI yaha dhAraNA ki bauddhasAhitya meM zvetavastradhArI nirgrantha muniyoM kA ullekha hai, itihAsaviruddha dhAraNA hai| tathA bhadrA ko jo 'ekazATI' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai, vaha bhI isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki bhadrA digambarajaina-sampradAya kI AryikA pada para dIkSita huI thI, kyoMki digambara-sampradAya meM hI AryikAoM ke lie kevala eka sAr3I pahanane kA niyama hai| digambara-sampradAya kI kSullikA bhI do vastradhAraNa karatI hai| tathA zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM AryikA kA jinakalpI honA niSiddha hai, aura jaba usa sampradAya ke jinakalpI For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04 / pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 351 sAdhu bhI eka se tIna taka sUtI-UnI prAvaraNa (cAdara) rakhate the tathA sthavirakalpI sAdhu tIna prAvaraNoM ke atirikta colapaTTa bhI dhAraNa karate haiM, taba sAdhviyoM ke kevala eka-sAr3I-dhArI hone kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne bhI likhA hai ki "inake (zramaNiyoM ke) lie zAstrakAroM ne aneka prakAra ke vizeSa vastra mAne haiM, jinase ki inakI mAna-maryAdA aura zIlasampatti kI rakSA ho|" (mAnava-bhojya-mImAMsA/pR.492) / ataH ekazATIdhArI bhadrAkuNDalakesA aikAntikarUpa se nagna rahanevAle nirgranthoM ke hI sampradAya kI thI, isameM sandeha ke lie sthAna nahIM hai| isase bhI siddha hai ki therIgAthA-aTThakathA kI kuNDalakesAkathA meM kevala nirgrantha muniyoM kA ullekha hai aura apadAna kI kuNDalakesAkathA meM kevala zvetavastradhArI muniyoM kaa| zvetavastradhArI nirgranthoM kA ullekha kisI bhI kathA meM nahIM hai| AryazUrakRta jAtakamAlA meM nirgranthazramaNa kA nagnarUpa AryazUra ne saMskRta meM 'jAtakamAlA' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI hai| unakA kAlanirdhAraNa karate hue zrI sUryanArAyaNa caudharI likhate haiM-"ajantA kI patthara kI dIvAroM para jAtakamAlA ke kSAntivAdI, maitrIbala, mahAhaMsa, rusa, zibi, mahAkapi, mahiSa Adi jAtakoM ke dRzya citrita hue haiM aura dRzyaparicaya ke lie una jAtakoM se upayukta zloka bhI uddhRta hue haiN| zlokoM ke abhilekha kI lipi chaThI zatI kI hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki 5vIM zatI meM jAtakamAlA kI khyAti ho cukI thii|"103 DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya ne bhI yahI likhA hai aura ve Age kahate haiM-"kahA jAtA hai ki AryazUra ne karmaphala ke Upara eka sUtra likhA thA, jisakA cInI anuvAda 434 I0 meM huA thaa| yadi donoM AryazUra eka hI abhinna vyakti hoM, to inakA samaya paMcama zataka se pUrva caturtha zataka meM anumAnasiddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| ajantA kI dIvAroM meM citrita hone se bhI inakA samaya paMcama zataka meM nizcayena siddha hotA hai|"104 AryazUra ne jAtakamAlA meM eka kumbhajAtaka kA varNana kiyA hai, jisameM gautamabuddha apane eka pUrvajanma meM devoM ke indra hote haiN| devendra hote hue bhI ve manuSyoM kA upakAra karanA nahIM chodd'te| eka bAra jaba ve manuSyaloka kA nirIkSaNa kara rahe the, taba unhoMne dekhA ki sarvamitra nAmaka rAjA ko madyapAna kI lata laga gaI hai| ve use usa lata se mukta karanA cAhate haiN| isake lie ve sAdhu ke veza meM eka ghar3A lekara rAjA kI sabhA meM Ate haiM tathA pUchate haiM ki isa sundara ghar3e ko kauna kharIdanA cAhatA 103. jAtakamAlA / bhUmikA / pRSTha 8/ motIlAla banArasIdAsa / san 2001 / 104. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa / pR. 215 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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352 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 4 / pra0 2 hai ? yaha eka aisI vikreya vastu se bharA hai, jise pIkara munaSya lajjA kho detA hai aura nirgrantha ke samAna vastra pahanane ke kaSTa se mukta hokara janAkIrNa rAstoM para lar3akhar3Ate hue calatA hai-- pItvocitAmapi jahAti yayAtmalajjAM nirgranthavadvasanasaMyamakhedamuktaH / dhIraM caretpathiSu paurajanAkuleSu sA paNyatAmupagatA nihitAtra kumbhe // 15 // isa prakAra caturtha zatAbdI I0 kI AryazUrakRta jAtakamAlA ( bauddha grantha) meM bhI nirgrantha sAdhuoM ko nagna hI batalAyA gayA hai / 19 'divyAvadAna' ke racanAkAla meM yApanIyoM kA udaya nahIM muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne likhA hai- " bauddhoM ke prAcIna zAstroM meM nagna jaina sAdhuoM kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai aura visAkhAvatthu dhammapada - aTThakathA, divyAvadAna Adi meM jahA~ nagna nirgranthoM kA ullekha milatA hai, ve grantha usa samaya ke haiM, jaba ki yApanIyasaMgha aura Adhunika sampradAya taka prakaTa ho cuke the|" (zra.bha.bha./ pR.330) / munijI kA yaha kathana pramANaviruddha aura atarkasaMgata hai| aTThakathAoM kA racanAkAla avazya cauthI - pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 hai, kintu 'divyAvadAna' kA racanAkAla vidvAnoM ne prathama zatAbdI I0 mAnA hai, yaha pUrva meM spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai / pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke pUrva kisI bhI zilAlekha meM aura zvetAmbarAcArya zrI haribhadrasUrikRta 'lalitavistarA' ke pUrvavartI kisI bhI grantha meM yApanIyasaMgha kA ullekha nahIM hai / ataH yaha kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotA ki 'divyAvadAna' kI racanA ke pUrva arthAt I0 prathama zatAbdI ke pahale yApanIyasampradAya kA udaya ho cukA thaa| jisa boTikasampradAya ko muni jI ne yApanIyasampradAya kA pUrvarUpa mAnA hai, usakA udaya bhI vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda arthAt I0 san 82 meM batalAyA gayA hai, IsavI prathama zatAbdI ke pUrva nahIM / aura vaha yApanIyasampradAya kA pUrvarUpa nahIM thA, apitu digambara jaina-sampradAya hI thA, yaha dvitIya adhyAya meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| yApanIyasampradAya kI utpatti pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 ke prAraMbha meM siddha hotI hai| ataH muni jI dvArA jo yaha avadhAraNA paidA karane kI koziza kI gaI hai ki 'divyAvadAna' meM jina nagna nirgranthoM kA ullekha hai, vaha yApanIya-sampradAya ke sAdhuoM kA ullekha hai, digambarajaina - sampradAya ke sAdhuoM kA nahIM, sarvathA pramANaviruddha hai / yaha atarkasaMgata bhI hai, kyoMki 'yApanIya' aura 'nirgrantha' bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM ke nAma haiM, yaha pA~cavI zatI I0 ke rAjA mRgezavarmA ke halsIabhilekha (kra.99 ) se spaSTa hai| nirgranthoM aura zvetapaToM se alaga pahacAna karAne ke For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a04 / pra0 2 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 353 lie 'yApanIya' nAma pracalita huA thA / yadi nirgranthoM aura yApanIyoM ko abhinna mAna liyA jAyegA, to bauddhasAhitya meM jahA~-jahA~ 'nirgrantha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, vahA~vahA~ use 'yApanIya' artha kA vAcaka mAnanA hogaa| aura taba 'nigaNThanATaputta' (bhagavAn mahAvIra ) aura 'yApanIyanATaputta' meM koI bheda na rhegaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI yApanIyasampradAya ke siddha hoMge aura taba yA to nirgrantha-sampradAya kA astitva asatya siddha hogA athavA yApanIya - sampradAya kA / ataH muni jI kA kathana mUla para kuThArAghAta karanevAlA hai| vaha nirgrantha sampradAya ke pRthak astitva kA hI lopa kara detA hai / isa prakAra muni jI kA yaha kathana pramANaviruddha evaM tarkaviruddha hai ki 'divyAvadAna' meM jina nagna nirgranthoM kA ullekha hai ve nirgrantha sampradAya ke nahIM, apitu yApanIyasampradAya ke haiM / yataH muni jI kA kathana pramANaviruddha evaM tarkaviruddha hai, ataH siddha hai ki 'divyAvadAna' meM nirgrantha (digambarajaina) sampradAya ke hI nagnazramaNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra bauddhoM kA aTThakathA - sAhitya yadyapi piTakasAhitya se arvAcIna hai, tathApi usameM bhI jina nirgranthoM (nagna muniyoM) kA ullekha hai, ve nirgranthasampradAya ke hI haiM, yApanIya - sampradAya ke nahIM, yaha bhI uparyukta pramANa evaM tarka se siddha hotA hai| 20 nirNItArtha isa prakAra IsApUrva - zatAbdiyoM meM racita Rgveda, mahAbhArata Adi vaidikasAhitya tathA aMguttaranikAya, majjhimanikAya, dIghanikAya, udAnapAli Adi bauddhasAhitya meM nagna nirgrantha zramaNoM (digambarajaina muniyoM) kI carcA hone se siddha hai ki savastramukti, strImukti Adi kI virodhI digambarajaina - paramparA vaidikayuga se pUrvavartI, bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrvavartI, gautama buddha se pUrvavartI, IsA se pUrvavartI, boTika zivabhUti se pUrvavartI, yApanIyasaMgha se pUrvavartI aura AcArya kundakunda se pUrvavartI hai / vaha bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke yuga avicchinna calI A rahI hai / ata: jainetara sAhitya meM upalabdha ina bAhya pramANoM se bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki 1. digambaramata kA pravartana boTika zivabhUti ne IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM yA kundakunda ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM kiyA thA, ye donoM mata kapolakalpita haiM / 2. ataH kundakunda ko digambaramata- pravartaka siddha karane ke lie jo boTikamata ko yApanIyamata batalAyA gayA hai aura kundakunda ke prathamataH usameM dIkSita hone aura For Personal & Private Use Only w

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354 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a04 / pra0 2 pazcAt usase alaga hokara digambaramata sthApita karane kI bAta kahI gayI hai, usakI kapolakalpitatA svataH udghATita ho jAtI hai| 3. isI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne aikAntika aceladharma kA upadeza na dekara sacelAceladharma kA upadeza diyA thA aura uttarabhArata meM ekamAtra vahI paramparA vidyamAna thI tathA usake hI vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAya utpanna hue the, digambarasampradAya kI sthApanA to vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA kI gaI thI, ye avadhAraNAe~ bhI apane-Apa mithyA siddha ho jAtI haiN| mahAn Azcarya to yaha hai ki jina AdaraNIya zvetAmbarAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne ina kalpita matoM kA AropaNa kiyA hai, unhoMne jainetara (vaidika, saMskRta evaM bauddha) sAhitya ke uparyukta ullekhoM para dRSTipAta nahIM kiyA, jinase digambarajaina - paramparA kI ati prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| una para dRSTipAta kiye binA hI athavA unheM pracchAdita kara ina itihAsaviruddha matoM kI kalpanA kara ddaalii| muni zrI vijayAnanda sUrIzvara 'AtmArAma' jI ne avazya 'mahAbhArata' kA anuzIlana kara 'nagnakSapaNaka' ke ullekha kA anveSaNa kiyA, kintu durbhAgya se unhoMne apane hI sampradAya ke zAstroM meM upalabdha pramANoM kI avahelanA kara use zvetAmbaraparamparA kA, jinakalpI muni ghoSita kara diyA, jaba ki sabhI zvetAmbarIya evaM digambarIya zAstra tathA vaidika, bauddha evaM saMskRta grantha eka svara se 'kSapaNaka' zabda kA artha 'digambara jaina muni' batalA rahe haiM / aura muni zrI AtmArAma jI ne bhI kevala 'mahAbhArata' kA hI anuzIlana kiyA, uparinirdiSTa anya jainetara purANa, saMskRta nATaka, kAvya Adi tathA vizAla bauddha sAhitya ke adhyayana kA kaSTa nahIM uThAyA / muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI tathA anya Adhunika zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne mahAbhArata ke ukta ullekha para bhI dhyAna nahIM diyA, vibhinna purANa, paMcataMtra, kAvya-nATaka, aMguttaranikAya, majjhimanikAya, dIrghanikAya Adi bIsa se adhika anya jainetara evaM saMskRta granthoM ke anuzIlana kI to bAta hI dUra / aisA lagatA hai ki unhoMne jAna-bUjhakara 'kSapaNaka', 'nirgrantha', 'ahIka', 'acela' Adi 'digambarajainamuni' - viSayaka ullekhoM ko andhakAra meM rakhane kI ceSTA kI hai, kyoMki inase digambarajaina - paramparA vaidikayuga se bhI pUrvavartI siddha hotI hai, jaba ki ve ise vikrama kI chaThI zatI (paMcama zatAbdI I0) meM AcArya kundakunda dvArA pravartita siddha karanA cAhate the / jainetara bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha ye ullekha digambaramata kI prAcInatA ke aise taTastha aura spaSTa pramANa haiM, jinameM pakSapAta yA kisI prakAra ke kapaTa kI zaMkA svapna meM bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| ina pramANoM se zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM paNDitoM dvArA For Personal & Private Use Only

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a04/pra02 jainetara sAhitya meM digambarajaina muniyoM kI carcA / 355 digambarajainamata ko arvAcIna siddha karane ke lie kalpita kiye gaye pUrvokta samasta mithyAmata dharAzAyI ho jAte haiM, unake kapolakalpita hone kA yathArtha prakaTa ho jAtA hai aura digambarajaina-paramparA kI atiprAcInatA kA sUrya kAlpanika matoM kI ghaTAoM se mukta hokara camakane lagatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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paMcama adhyAya purAtattva meM digambara- paramparA ke pramANa prathama prakaraNa zvetAmbara - paramparA meM nagna jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa asaMbhava 1 zubhaprabhAmaMDala se tIrthaMkaroM kA nagnatva adRzya purAtattva meM bhI digambara - paramparA kI prAcInatA ke pramANa upalabdha hote haiN| ve pramANa haiM abhilekha evaM utkhanana Adi meM prApta huI tIrthaMkaroM kI prAcIna nagna mUrtiyA~ / zvetAmbara - paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI nagna pratimAoM kA nirmANa asaMbhava hai, kyoMki ve mAnate haiM ki yadyapi tIrthaMkara kaTivastra dhAraNa nahIM karate, tathApi unakI nagnatA dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| unakI dRSTi meM nagnatA dikhanA azlIlatA aura nirlajjatA hai, isase striyoM meM kAmavikAra kI utpatti ho sakatI hai / isalie zvetAmbaramata meM yaha kalpanA kI gaI hai ki yadyapi tIrthaMkara vastradhAraNa nahIM karate, tathApi unakA zarIra zubhaprabhAmaMDala se AcchAdita ho jAtA hai, jisase unake guhyAMga dikhAI nahIM dete| isake atirikta ve eka indropanIta vastra (devadUSya) kandhe para DAlakara hI pravrajita hote haiM, tAki logoM ko yaha upadeza diyA jA sake ki mokSamArga savastra hI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke kandhe para devadUSya vastra ke sthitikAla ke viSaya meM matabheda hai| sattarisayaThANAvRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kandhe para vaha devadUSya vastra ekavarSa - ekamAsa taka sthita rahA, pazcAt gira gayA, kintu zeSa teIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke kandhe para jIvanaparyanta sthita rhaa| isake viparIta zrI jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa kA kathana hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke skandha se vaha kabhI na kabhI cyuta ho jAtA hai aura taba ve sarvathA acela ho 1. "sakko ya lakkhamullaM surasaM ThavadU savvajiNakhaMdhe / vIrassa varisamahiyaM sayA vi sesANa tassa ThiI // 159 // zakrazca lakSamUlyaM devadUSyaM vastraM sarvajinaskandhe sthApayati / tat zrIvIrasya sAdhikaM varSaM sthitam / uktaM ca kalpasUtre 'saMvaccharaM sAhiaM mAsaM jAva cIvaradhArI hottha tti / ' mAsaikenAdhikaM varSaM zrIvIreNa vastraM dhRtam / zeSajinAnAM trayoviMzaterapi tIrthakRtAM, sadA'pi yAvajjIvamapi tasya vastrasya sthitirjJeyeti / " sattarisayaThANA-vRtti / dvAra 73 / abhidhAna rAjendra koza / bhAga 4 / pRSTha 2286 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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360 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 jAte haiN| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3/pra.1 / shii.2)| isa taraha zvetAmbara-paramparA meM tIrthaMkara kA veza anagna aura kiMcit sacela hotA hai| ataH unakI mUrtiyA~ bhI anagna aura kathaMcit sacela hI banAI jAtI haiN| zvetAmbaragrantha 'pravacanaparIkSA' ke kartA upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI (1572 I0)2 ne isa para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| sarvaprathama maiM unake una vacanoM ko uddhRta karatA hU~, jinameM unhoMne nagnatA ke doSa batalAte hue yaha siddha kiyA hai ki tIrthaMkara nagna rahate hue bhI nagna nahIM dikhate, ata eva nagnatAjanya doSoM se mukta rahate haiM loANuvattidhammo lajjA taha baMbhacerarakkhA y| sIAtavadaMsa-masaga-pIDArahiassa sjjhaannN|| 30 // vastradharaNe lokAnuvRttidharmaH prathamo guNo lokprtiitH| tatra loko martyalakSaNo, na tu tiryagAdistasya lajjAdinimittaM vastradhAraNAsambhavAt , tasyAnuvRttiH anAdisiddha AcArastallakSaNo dharmaH satyApitaH syaadityrthH| tathA lajjA vrIDA saMyamo vA arthAt sA rakSitA bhvet| vastrAbhAve ca rAsabhAdivadavizeSeNa lajjArAhityaM syaat| lajjArahitasya ca kutazcAritrapAlanam? cakAraH samuccayArthaH, brahmavratarakSA ca-vastrAvRtasya lajjayA brahmacarya syAd anyathA vaDavAdarzanAd vADavasyeva strIdarzanAlliGgAdivikRtyA pravacanoDDAhAbrahmasevAdayo bahavo doSAH sarvajanaviditA bhveyuH| tathA vastraiH zItoSNakAlAdiSu zItAtapadaMzamazakairyA pIDA tayA rahitasya saddhyAnaM dharmazuklalakSaNaM syAd vastrAbhAve ca kSudhAdyanAkulasyApi durdhyAnam agnitRNAdisevAbhiprAyeNa durthyAnaM, tatsevane cAsaMyamaH syAditi gaathaarthH| atha punarapi guNAnAha pavayaNakhiMsA paravaggamohudayavAraNaM ca vtthehiN| tasa-thAvarANa jayaNA pattehiM taheva vinnnneaa|| 31 // pravacanakhiMsA-aho! ete muNDAH pApAtmAnaH asmadIyaputrIvadhvAdIn svajanAn pratyavAcyaM darzayanto'pi na ljjnte| ato mAsmadgRhAdau pravizantviti vacobhiH prvcnhiilaa| tathA 'paravargasya' puruSApekSayA paravargaH strIvargastasya mohodyH| prAyaH strIpuruSayorayameva svabhAvaH yadvastrAnAvRtaM paravargaM dRSTvA mohodayo bhavatyeva, tataH pravacanakhiMsA ca paravargavedodayazceti dvandvastayornivAraNaM vastreNaiva syaat| anye'pi vastrAdisAdhunepathyajanyAH parSaddharmaprAptihetavo rUpavastrAdaya AcAryaguNAH svadhiyA yojyaaH| nanu jinendra-jinakalpikAdayo vastrAdirahitA eva bhavanti, teSAM ca kathamete guNA iti cenmaivaM, jinendrAdInAmapi lokAnuvRttyAdikAraNa-sadbhAve vastrasadbhAvasyaivAsmAkaM smmttvaat| tatkathamiti cecchRNu-jinendrA api gRhasthAvasthAyAM bAlabhAve tadatikrame ca 2. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina : prAkRtasAhitya kA itihAsa / pR.287 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 361 yathocitaM vastrAlaGkArabhUSitA eva bhvnti| pravrajyApratipattyavasare tu devendropanItadevadUSyavastraM savastrapAtro dharmo mayA prajJApanIya iti vAmaskandhopari dharanti, yadAgamaH"savve'pi egadUseNa niggayA jiNavarA cauvvIsaM" ti zrI Ava. niyu. (227) / paridhAnabhAvastu teSAM satyapi nAgnye puNyotkarSodayAt kutsanIyatvAbhAvAt pratyuta subhagatvAcca, uktaM ca anadhyayanavidvAMso nirdrvyprmeshvraaH| analakaGkArasubhagAH pAntu yussmaanyjineshvraaH|| iti kiM ca jinendrANAM guhyapradezo vastreNeva zubhaprabhAmaNDalenAcchAdito na carmacakSuSAM dRggocriibhvti| yaduktam aNNesiM mohodayaheuabhAvo suhaannubNdhaao| guttiMdiayA ya guNA aNannatullA munneavvaa|| 1116 // ___ iti shriidhrmsNgrhnniisuutre| tadvRttiryathA-anyeSAM ca stryAdInAM tadrUpadarzanAnantaraM mohodayahetutvAbhAvaH guptendriyateti guptaliGgatA cakAro'nuktasamuccaye, tenAnye'pi nizchidrapANipAtrAdayo drssttvyaaH| tathAcoktaM-"te hi bhagavanto nirupamadhRti-saMhananA gUDhendriyAH svaprabhAmaNDalAcchAditadehAH jJAnAtizaya-sampatsamanvitAH nizchidrapANipAtrAH jitapariSahA" ityAdi, evaMrUpAdiguNA ananyatulyA jJAtavyA iti shriidhrmsNgrhnniivRttau| tasmAdvastrAparidhAnAdinimittaM jugupsanIyAvAcyAvayavAdidarzanaM, tacca tIrthakRtAM na smbhvti| ataH 'kAraNAbhAvAt kAryasyAbhAva' iti nyAyAt vastrAparidhAne'pi tIrthakRtAM na lokAnuvRttyAdiguNavilopaH, lokairapi vastraparidhAna mukhyavRttyA asabhyAvayavagopananimittameva kriyate mAmartyalokasya lajjayA ljjniiyaavyvgopnsvbhaavaad|" (prava.parI./ vRtti / 1/2/30-31/ pR. 91-93) / sArAMza-anuvAda "vastradhAraNa karane se lokAcArarUpa dharma kA pAlana hotA hai, aura lajjA arthAt saMyama kI rakSA hotI hai| vastra-dhAraNa na karane para manuSya gardabha Adi ke samAna nirlajja ho jAtA hai| nirlajja puruSa cAritra kA pAlana kaise kara sakatA hai? vastradhArI meM lajjA hotI hai, jisase brahmacarya palatA hai| anyathA jaise ghor3I ko dekhane se ghor3e ke liMga meM vikAra utpanna ho jAtA hai, vaise hI strI ko dekhane se muni ke liMgAdi meM vikAra utpanna ho jAne para jinazAsana kI nindA hone ke sAtha abrahmasevana Adi bahuta se doSa sarvajana-vidita ho sakate haiN| tathA vastradhAraNa karane se zItoSNakAla meM zItAdi kI pIr3A na hone se dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna nirbAdha sampanna hote haiN| nagna rahane For Personal & Private Use Only

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362 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 para kSudhAdi se pIr3ita na hote hue bhI zItAdi kI bAdhA se tathA usake nivAraNa hetu agni prajvalita karane kI icchA se durdhyAna hotA hai tathA agnisevana se asaMyama hotA hai| "nagna muniyoM ko dekhakara loga socate haiM-"are! ye muNDe, pApI hamArI bahUbeTiyoM ko mu~ha se nAma na lene yogya aMga (liMga) dikhalAte hue lajjita nahIM hote| inheM hama ghara meM nahIM ghusane deNge|" aise durvacanoM se jainadharma kA apamAna hotA hai tathA nagna puruSa ko dekhakara striyoM meM kAmavikAra kI utpatti hotI hai, kyoMki yaha strIpuruSa kA svabhAva hI hai| isa doSa kA nivAraNa bhI vastradhAraNa karane se hI hotA hai| "prazna-tIrthaMkara aura jinakalpika sAdhu bhI vastrarahita hote haiM, unameM ye guNa kaise saMbhava haiM? arthAt unameM nagnatAjanya doSoM kA abhAva kaise sambhava hai? "uttara-tIrthaMkarAdi meM bhI lokAcArarUpa dharma kA sadbhAva hone se 'hama unameM vastra kA sadbhAva mAnate haiN| yaha kaise? sunie , tIrthaMkara bhI gRhasthAvasthA meM samucita vastrAbhUSaNoM se vibhUSita hote haiM, kintu pravrajyA ke samaya (vastrAbhUSaNoM kA parityAga kara dene para bhI) indra dvArA lAye gaye devadUSya vastra ko bAyeM kandhe para isa abhiprAya se DAla lete haiM ki mujhe vastrapAtramaya dharma kA upadeza denA hai| Agama meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki 'caubIsoM tIrthaMkara eka vastra lekara pravrajita hue the' (aavshykniyukti| gAthA 227) / nagna hone para bhI puNyotkarSa ke udaya se unameM bIbhatsatA ke abhAva aura saundarya ke sadbhAva se vastradhArI jaisA svarUpa vidyamAna hotA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai-"jo binA adhyayana ke hI vidvAn haiM, binA dhana ke hI paramezvara haiM aura binA alaMkAroM ke hI manohara haiM, ve jinendra ApakI rakSA kreN|" isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kA guhyapradeza unake zubhaprabhAmaMDala se vastravat hI AcchAdita rahatA hai, jisase vaha carmacakSuvAloM ko dikhAI nahIM detaa| phalasvarUpa unake rUpa ko dekhakara striyoM meM kAmavikAra kI utpatti nahIM hotii| isa prakAra vastraparidhAna ke abhAva meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM meM lokAcArarUpa dharma kA abhAva nahIM hotA, ataH ve vastradhArivat hI hote haiN|" isa kathana kA samarthana samavAyAMga (samavAya 34) ke isa vacana se bhI hotA hai-"pachanne AhAranihAre adisse maMsacakkhuNA" arthAt tIrthaMkara kA AhAra aura nIhAra (mala-mUtra-visarjana) pracchanna hotA hai, carmacakSuoM se dikhAI nahIM detaa| nIhAra ke dikhAI na dene se guhyAMga kA dikhAI na denA svataH siddha hai, kahA bhI gayA hai-"bhagavato nAgnyAdarzanavat purISAdyadarzanasyApyupapatteH" (abhi.raa.ko.3/657)| arthAt bhagavAn meM jaise nAgnya dikhAI na dene kA atizaya hotA hai, vaise hI malamUtrAdi-visarjana ke adRzya For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 363 rahane kA bhI atizaya hotA hai| samavAyAMga (34 veM samavAya) meM tIrthaMkara ke jo cauMtIsa atizaya varNita haiM, unameM se 19 veM atizaya meM tIrthaMkara meM apriyarUpa kA abhAva batalAyA gayA hai| yaha apriyarUpa jugupsotpAdaka nagnarUpa hI hai, jo tIrthaMkaroM meM atizaya ke prabhAva se adRzya ho jAtA hai| zvetAmbaramata meM yaha mAnanA anivArya hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI nagnatA adRzya rahatI hai, kyoMki usameM mallI ko strI mAnate hue unakA tIrthaMkara honA bhI mAnA gayA hai| isase bahuta bar3I visaMgati sAmane aayii| eka ora digambaramata ke samAna zvetAmbaramata meM bhI AryikA ke lie nAgnyaliMga (acelatva) kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai-"no kappai niggaMthIe aceliyAe huMtae" (bRhatkalpasUtra / uddeza 5/ sUtra 16) / dUsarI ora yaha kahA gayA hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkara vastrAbhUSaNa tyAga kara acela ho jAte haiM aura yadyapi eka vastra kandhe para DAlakara pravrajita hote haiM, tathApi usake cyuta ho jAne para acela hI rahate haiN| (dekhiye, adhyAya 3/pr.1/shii.2)| sabhI tIrthaMkaroM meM mallI bhI A jAte haiN| isase yaha samasyA khar3I huI ki mallI ko yadi strI mAnA jAtA hai, to striyoM ke lie nagnatA kA niSedha hone se, unakA tIrthaMkara honA anapapanna hotA hai aura yadi tIrthaMkara mAnA jAtA hai. to unakA strI honA anapapanna hotA hai, kyoMki tIrthaMkara nagna hote haiM aura striyA~ nagna nahIM ho sktiiN| ataH mallI ke strItva aura tIrthaMkaratva, donoM kI upapatti ke lie bhI yaha mAnanA Avazyaka thA ki tIrthaMkaroM kI nagnatA unake atizayajanya zubhaprabhAmaNDala se adRzya rahatI hai| zvetAmbarasAhitya meM utkRSTa jinakalpiyoM ke bhI nAgnya ke adRzya rahane kA ullekha hai-"jinakalpikAnAmekAvataritvapraghoSamAzritya tathA ca teSAM vastrAbhAve nAgnyadarzanAbhAvamAzrityAkSarANi tu zAstre dRSTAni na smrntiiti|| 42 // " (senaprazna / ullAsa 1/ abhi.raa.ko./6/878)| isake atirikta sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kA vastrasahita hI pravrajita honA batalAyA gayA hai-"savve'pi egadUSeNa niggayA jiNavarA cauvvIsaM" (Ava.niyu. / gaa.227)| 2 prAcIna zvetAmbara-jinapratimAe~ guhyAMga-racanA-rahita abhiprAya yaha ki apane zubhaprabhAmaMDala se guhyapradeza (liMga evaM nitamba) ke AcchAdita rahane ke kAraNa hI tIrthaMkara nagnatAjanya doSoM se mukta aura lokAnuvRttyAdi guNoM se yukta rahate haiN| ataH zvetAmbaroM ke lie ve isI rUpa meM pUjya ho sakate haiM, lajjA-saMyama-brahmacaryAdi guNoM ke bhaMjaka, lokanindita, bIbhatsa nagnarUpa meM nhiiN| isase siddha hai ki pUjA ke lie unakI pratikRti (pratimA) bhI isI rUpa meM arthAt guhyapradeza ke pradarzana se rahita tathA devadUSya vastra se aMzataH AcchAditarUpa meM hI nirmita For Personal & Private Use Only

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364 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 kI jA sakatI thii| jisa pratimA meM guhyapradeza dRSTigocara ho rahA ho, vaha zvetAmbaramAnya tIrthaMkara pratimA nahIM ho sakatI thii| ataH prAcInakAla meM zvetAmbaraparamparA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ aprakaTa-guhya-pradezavAlI arthAt guhyAMgaracanArahita hI banatI thiiN| pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne isa tathya kA udghATana nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kiyA hai ugjiMtagirivivAe sAsaNasurikahaNamittha sNjaayN| . jo maNNai nArINaM muttiM tasseva titthminnN|| 65 // tatto visannacittA khamaNA pAsaMDiA vigyaasaa| nia - niaThANaM pattA pabbhaTThA daannmaannehiN|| 66 // mA paDimANa vivAo hohitti viciMtiUNa sirisNgho| kAsI pallavaciMdhaM navINapaDimANa pymuule|| 67 // taM soUNaM ruTTho duvo khamaNo'vi kAsi nginntN| niapaDimANaM jiNavaravigovaNaM so'vi gysnno|| 68 // teNaM saMpai-pamuha-ppaDimANaM pallavaMkaNaM ntthi| atthi puNa saMpaINappaDimANa vivaaykaalaao|| 69 // puTviM jiNapaDimANaM nagiNataM neva navia pllvo| teNaM nAgAreNaM bheo ubhaesi sNbhuuo|| 70 // pravacanaparIkSA / 1 / 2 / pR. 114-116 anuvAda "eka bAra giranAratIrtha ke svAmitva ko lekara zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM meM vivAda huaa| usameM zvetAmbaroM ne zAsanadevI ke mukha se kahalavA diyA ki jo sampradAya nArImukti ko mAnatA hai, yaha tIrtha usI kA hai| yaha sunakara digambara nirAza hokara apane-apane ghara cale gye| usake bAda zvetAmbarasaMgha ne yaha socakara ki pratimAoM ke lie Age koI vivAda na ho, navIna pratimAoM ke pAdamUla meM pallavacihna (vastrapaTTikA kA AkAra) banAnA zuru kara diyaa| yaha jAnakara duSTa khamaNa (digambara) kruddha ho gaye aura saMgha kA kucha bigAr3a sakane meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa ve bhI apanI navIna jinapratimAoM meM nagnatva kI arthAt dRzyamAna liMgAdi-avayavoM kI racanA karAne lage aura yaha nahIM socA ki pratimAoM ko nagnAkAra banAne se unameM jinendra kA svarUpa adRzya ho jaayegaa| (abhiprAya yaha ki digambaroM ne socA ki hamArI jinapratimAoM se bhinnatA darzAne ke lie zvetAmbaroM ne apanI jinapratimAoM meM pallavacihna banAne kA nirNaya kiyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 365 hai, ataH hama bhI zvetAmbara-jinapratimAoM se apanI jinapratimAoM kI bhinnatA prakaTa karane ke lie unameM koI cinha bnaayeNge| aisA socakara IrSyAbhAva se unhoMne apane adhikAra meM vidyamAna jinapratimAoM meM nagnatva Aropita kara diyaa| cU~ki zvetAmbaramuni svayaM vastra dhAraNa karate the, isalie unhoMne jinapratimAoM meM vastra kA cihna banAyA aura digambaramuni nagna rahate the, ataH unhoMne pratimAoM ko nagna bnaayaa|)2 "isa prakAra mahArAja samprati Adi ke dvArA banavAI gayIM prAcIna pratimAoM meM to pallavAGkana (aJcalacihna) nahIM hai, kintu giranAraparvata para digambaroM ke sAtha hue vivAda ke bAda banAyI gayI Adhunika pratimAoM meM pallavacihna vidyamAna hai| tAtparya yaha ki vivAda ke pUrva nirmita jinapratimAoM meM nagnatva bhI nahIM thA aura aJcalacihna bhI nahIM thA, isa kAraNa AkAra kI dRSTi se unameM zvetAmbara-digambara kA bheda nahIM thaa| donoM sampradAyoM kI jinapratimAoM kA AkAra eka jaisA thaa|"5 pravacanaparIkSAkAra ne yaha nahIM batalAyA ki digambarazvetAmbaroM meM yaha pratimAvivAda vIranirvANa ke kitane varSa bAda huaa| kintu zvetAmbara-paramparA meM sabase prAcIna savastrapratimA jIvantasvAmI (bhagavAn mahAvIra) kI hai, jo chaThI zatI I0 meM nirmita huI thii| usake bAda san 687 I0 meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI savastra pratimA kA nirmANa huaa| (dekhiye, isI adhyAya kA tRtIya prkrnn)| isase saMketa milatA hai ki pravacanaparIkSAkAra dvArA varNita pratimAvivAda IsA kI chaThI zatI meM huA hogaa| kintu digambaraparamparA ke anusAra yaha vivAda IsA kI caudahavIM zatAbdI meM huA thA, jaisA ki prathama zubhacandrakRta gurvAvalI (tI.ma.A.pa./4/ pR.399) ke nimna padyoM se jJAta hotA hai 3. "nijAnAM svAyattAnAM jinapratimAnAM nagnatvaM dRzyamAnaliGgAdyavayavatvamakArSIt sa 'vigatasaMjJo' nagnAkArakaraNena jinendravigopanaM bhaviSyati naveti vicaarnnaashuunyH| ayaM bhAvaH-aho'smanizritapratimAkArato bhinnAkArakaraNAya yadi zrIsaGghana pallavacihnamakAri, kariSyAmastarhi vayamapi zvetAmbara-pratimAto bhinnatvakaraNAya kiJciccihnamiti vicintya matsarabhAvena jinapratimAnAM nagnatvaM vihitm| zvetAmbareNa svayaM vastradhAritvAt vastraM cihnaM kRtaM, digambareNa svayaM nagnatvAnnagnatvameveti gaathaarthH|" pravacanaparIkSA / vRtti 1/2/68 / pR.116| 4. "vivAdAt pUrvakAlabhAvinInAM trikhaNDAdhipati-samprati-nRpaprabhRtinirmApitAnAM jIrNapratimAnAM pallavAGkanam aJcalacihnaM nAsti, punaH sAmpratIna-pratimAnAm AdhunikajinapratimAnAM pllvcihnmiti| sAmpratInatvaM kuta ityAha 'vivAyakAlAu' tti ujjayantagirimAzritya (digambaraiH saha) vivaadkaalaaditi|" vahI /1/2/69/pra.116 / 5. "vivAdAt pUrvakAlaM jinapratimAnAM naiva nagnatvaM, nApi ca pallavakaH aJcalacitra, tena kAraNena AkAreNa jinapratimAnAmubhayeSAM zvetAmbaradigambarANAM bhedo bhinnatvaM 'na sambhUto' nAsIt , sadRza AkAra AsIditi gaathaarthH|" vahI/1/2/ 70 / pR. 116-117 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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366 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 padmanandI gururjAto balAtkAragaNAgraNIH pASANaghaTitA yena vAditA shriisrsvtii| ujjayantagirau tena gacchaH sArasvato'bhavat atastasmai munIndrAya namaH shriipdmnndine|| 63 // ina padyoM meM kahA gayA hai ki bhaTTAraka padmanandI ne giranAraparvata para sarasvatI kI pASANa pratimA se yaha kahalavA diyA thA ki digambaramata hI prAcIna hai| 'di iNDiyana eNTikverI' meM prakAzita sarasvatIgaccha kI 'DI' paTTAvalI ke anusAra ye padmanandI vi0 saM0 1375 meM bhaTTArakapada para AsIna hue the| (dekhie , adhyAya 8 / prakaraNa 3 / zIrSaka 1), kintu saMyukta e-bI paTTAvalI (kra. 84) meM inheM vi0 saM0 1385 meM paTTArUr3ha batalAyA gayA hai| (dekhie , adhyAya 8 / prakaraNa 2 / zIrSaka 1) / isa prakAra digambaramatAnusAra ukta pratimAvivAda IsA kI 14 vIM zatAbdI meM huA thaa| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI kA kathana hai ki "AcArya kundakunda kA bhI eka nAma padmanandI hai, ata eva pIche ke lekhakoM ne isa zAstrArtha aura vijaya kA mukuTa kundakunda ko bhI pahanA diyA hai, parantu yaha bar3A bhArI bhrama hai| ye padmanandI 14 vIM zatAbdI ke eka bhaTTAraka haiN|" (jai. sA. i./ pra.saM./ pA.Ti./ pR.245)| phira bhI yadi zvetAmbaraparamparA meM upalabdha prAcInatama savastra jinapratimA ke nirmANakAla ke AdhAra para yaha mAna liyA jAya ki uparyukta pratimAvivAda IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI meM huA thA, to yaha mAnanA hogA ki pravacanaparIkSAkAra ke anusAra chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva banAI jAne vAlI jinapratimAe~ vastradhAraNa na karate hue bhI nagna nahIM hotI thIM, arthAt kAyotsargamudrAmaya pratimAoM meM liMganitambAdi guhyAMgoM kI racanA nahIM kI jAtI thI aura padmAsanamudrAmaya jinapratimAoM meM liMga ke svataH adRzya rahane se kevala nitamba-jaMghAdi kA AkAra nahIM banAyA jAtA thA, donoM prakAra kI pratimAoM meM guhyAMgoMvAlA bhAga sapATa rakhA jAtA thA, kyoMki yadi sapATa na rakhakara liMga-nitambAdi kA AkAra banayA jAtA aura vastrAcchAdita na dikhalAyA jAtA, to nagnatva kA dRSTigocara honA anivArya thaa| isase sUcita hotA hai ki strItIrthaMkara mallI kI pratimA stanayoni nitamba Adi strIcihnoM se rahita hotI thI aura zeSa tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ liMganitambAdi puruSacihnoM se rhit| pravacanaparIkSAkAra ke kathanAnusAra vivAda hone para digambaroM ne hI unapara liMga-nitambAdi kA AkAra banAnA AraMbha kiyA thaa| pravacanaparIkSAkAra ke isa kathana ke AdhAra para paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne bhI niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki "pUrvokta-vivAda ke pahale (digambara-zvetAmbara) donoM (sampradAyoM) kI pratimAoM meM bheda nahIM thA aura isa kAraNa donoM ekatra hokara apanI upAsanAvRtti ko caritArtha karate the|" (jai. sA. i./ pra. saM./ pR.241)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 367 yaha niSkarSa sarvathA pramANaviruddha evaM ayuktisaMgata hai, kyoMki prathama to kAyotsargamudrA meM aisI koI jinapratimA Aja taka upalabdha nahIM huI hai, jisameM puruSacihna (liMga) dRzyamAna na ho aura padmAsanamudrA meM bhI aisI jinapratimA prApta nahIM huI, jisameM nitambajaMghAdi ke nagna AkAra kI racanA na kI gayI ho, arthAt kaTi ke nIce kA bhAga sapATa ho| dUsare, aisI pratimA digambaroM ke lie jinabimba ke rUpa meM mAnya nahIM ho sakatI thI, kyoMki sarvasaMgaparityAga kA pratIkabhUta nAgnya hI digambaroM ke lie jinaliMga hotA hai, ataH usI ko pratibimbita karanevAlI pratimA unake lie jinabimba ke rUpa meM pUjya ho sakatI hai| isake, atirikta sindhusabhyatA-kAla se lekara chaThI zatI I0 taka kI jitanI bhI jinapratimAe~ upalabdha huI haiM, ve saba nagna haiM, arthAt kAyotsargamudrAmaya pratimAe~ puruSacihna se yukta haiM aura padmAsana-pratimAoM meM nitambajaMghAdi kA nagna AkAra banAyA gayA hai| padmAsanamudrA meM nitamboM ke anAvRta hone tathA kaTi meM vastrapaTTikA bA~dhane yogya sUtracihna na hone se liMga kA anAvRta honA arthAt pratimA kA nagna honA sUcita hotA hai| ataH "pratimA-vivAda se pUrva donoM sampradAyoM kI jinapratimAe~ na nagna hotI thIM, na pallavacihnayukta, ataH donoM meM bheda nahIM thA," yaha mAnyatA sarvathA pramANaviruddha evaM ayuktisaMgata hai| zvetAmbaroM dvArA nirmApita jinapratimAe~ bhale hI anagna aura pallavacihnarahita hotI hoM, kintu digambaroM dvArA nirmApita jinapratimAe~ niyamataH nagna hotI thiiN| kintu , dUsarI ora premI jI muni jinavijaya jI ke (jainahitaiSI bhAga 13/aMka 6 meM vyakta) zabdoM ko uddhRta karate hue kahate haiM ki mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle meM jo lagabhaga do hajAra varSa kI prAcIna pratimAe~ milI haiM, ve nagna haiM aura una para jo lekha haiM, ve zvetAmbara-kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM kI pratimAe~ nagna hotI thiiN| (jai.sA. i./pra.saM./ pR.241)| Azcarya hai ki premI jI ne ina donoM parasparaviruddhamatoM ko kaise svIkAra kara liyA! pravacanaparIkSAkAra kahate haiM ki digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM kI prAcIna jina pratimAe~ na nagna hotI thIM, na svstr| muni jinavijaya jI kA kathana hai ki prAcInakAla meM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM kI jinapratimAe~ nagna hotI thiiN| premI jI ne ina donoM matoM ko satya mAna liyA, jo asambhava hai| inameM se prathama mata meM yaha asatya hai ki digambaroM kI bhI prAcIna jinapratimAe~ nagna nahIM hotI thiiN| dUsare mata meM yaha asatya hai ki prAcIna zvetAmbara-jinapratimAe~ bhI nagna hotI thiiN| pahale mata kI asatyatA ke pramANa Upara diye jA cuke haiN| dUsare mata kI asatyatA kA pramANa yaha hai ki jaise digambara-paramparA meM anagna yA aMcalikAyukta jinapratimA ko jinabimba nahIM mAnA jAtA, For Personal & Private Use Only

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368 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 vaise hI zvetAmbara-paramparA meM nagna jinapratimA ko jinabimba svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' aura 'pravacanaparIkSA' Adi granthoM meM muniyoM ke nagnatva ko azlIlatA, nirlajjatA aura rAsabhAdi pazuoM ke samAna asabhyatA kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai, use lokAnuvRtti-dharma ke viruddha, saMyama evaM brahmacarya kA vinAzaka tathA striyoM meM kAmavikAra kA janaka batalAyA gayA hai, isIlie zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM yaha kalpanA kI gayI hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kA nagna zarIra unake atizayajanya zubhaprabhAmaNDala se AcchAdita ho jAtA hai, phalasvarUpa vaha uparyukta doSoM kA hetu nahIM rhtaa| ataH unakI aisI hI pratimA (jisakI nagnatA zubhaprabhAmaNDala se AcchAdita ho) jinabimba mAnI jA sakatI hai| jo pratimA isase viparIta ho arthAt jisameM liMga, nitamba Adi guhyAMga dikhAI de rahe hoM, vaha pratimA zvetAmbaramatAnusAra azlIlatA, nirlajjatA, asabhyatA Adi kI prakAzaka aura kAmavikAra kI janaka hone se jinabimba nahIM kahalA sakatI, ata eva vaha zvetAmbaroM ke lie darzanIya evaM pUjanIya nahIM ho sktii| 'tattvanirNayaprAsAda' grantha ke kartA zvetAmbara muni zrI AtmArAma jI ne aisI pratimA kA jinabimba honA asvIkAra kiyA hai aura use apUjya batalAyA hai| (dekhie ,agalA zIrSaka 3) / ata: yaha nirvivAda hai ki mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se upalabdha prAcIna jinapratimAe~ nagna hone ke kAraNa zvetAmbaroM dvArA pratiSThApita nahIM haiN| aura yataH ve zvetAmbaroM dvArA pratiSThApita nahIM haiM, isalie yaha sunizcita hai ki una para utkIrNa gaNa-gacchAdi bhale hI kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI se sAmya rakhate hoM, zvetAmbarasaMgha se sambandhita nahIM haiM, apitu tatkAlIna ardhaphAlaka saMgha se sambaddha haiN| (dekhie , agale zIrSaka 6 evaM 8) / isa prakAra yaha mAnyatA asatya siddha ho jAtI hai ki prAcInakAla meM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM kI jinapratimAe~ nagna hotI thiiN| satya yaha hai ki kevala digambaroM kI hI jinapratimAe~ , jaise vartamAnakAla meM nagna banAyI jAtI haiM, vaise hI prAcInakAla meM bhI nagna banAyI jAtI thIM aura zvetAmbaroM kI jinapratimAe~ pahale guhyAMgarahita nirmita kI jAtI thIM, bAda meM savastra yA aMcalikAyukta nirmita kI jAne lgiiN| 3' zvetAmbaramatAnusAra nagna jinapratimA jinabimba nahIM jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai zvetAmbaramata nAgnyaliMga ko jinaliMga nahIM maantaa| isakA spaSTIkaraNa tattvanirNayaprAsAda grantha ke kartA zvetAmbara muni zrI AtmArAma jI ne isa prakAra kiyA hai (digambaroM kI ora se) "prazna-jinavara kI pratimA ko liMga kA AkAra karanA cAhie, kyoMki bhagavAn to dinarAta vastrarahita hI hote haiN| isa vAste jisa jinapratimA For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 369 ko liMga kA AkAra na hove, so jinapratimA hI nahIM hai| kyoMki jinavara ke rUpasamAna hI jinabimba banAnA cAhie, anyathA dhyAna meM vilamba hotA hai| isa vAste vastrAdika kI zobhA kare, sthira dhyAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| (zvetAmbaroM kI ora se) "uttara-jinendra ke to atizaya ke prabhAva se liMgAdi nahIM dIkhate haiM aura pratimA ke to atizaya nahIM hai, isa vAste tisa ke liMgAdi dIkha par3ate haiM, to phira jinavara-samAna tumArA mAnA jinabimba kaise siddha huA? apitu nahIM siddha huaa| aura tumAre mata ke khar3e-yogAsana-liMgavAlI pratimA ke dekhane se striyoM ke mana meM vikRti (vikAra) hone kA bhI saMbhava hai, jaise sundara bhaga-kucAdi-AkAravAlI strI kI mUrti dekhane se puruSa ke mana meM vikRti hove hai| aura liMga dekhane se jinapratimA subhaga bhI nahIM dIkhatI hai| aura udayapura ke jile meM bAgar3adeza meM tumAre mata ke liMgAkAra-prakaTavAle nemIzvarAdi ke khar3e yoga ke aise bimba haiM ki jinake darzana karane vAste sage bahina-bhAI bhI prAyaH sAtha eka kAla meM nahIM jAte haiN| aura anyamatavAle bhI aise bimba ko dekha ke upahAsya karate haiN| yadyapi mahAdeva kA kevala liMga hI anya-matavAle pUjate haiM, parantu jisane yaha zivajI kA liMga hai, aisA nahIM sunA hai, vo liMga ko prathama hI dekhane se nahIM jAna sakatA hai ki yaha kisa kA liMga hai, kintu kevala avyakta eka patthara kI lambI sI piNDI dIkhatI hai| tathApi, prAyaH saMnyAsI loka, nagna hone se tisake darzana nahIM karate haiM, aisA sunate haiN| aura tumane to puruSAkAra pratimA ke vRSaNoM ke Upara aisA liMgAkAra banAyA hai ki jisako jo koI dekhegA, tisako hI acchA nahIM lagegA, to phira jinavara-samAna tumArA jinabimba kisatareM siddha huA?" (tattvanirNayaprAsAda / pR.586-587)| muni kalyANavijaya jI : mathurA kI prAcIna jinapratimAe~ anagna muni zrI AtmArAma jI kA yaha kathana ki jinendra ke to atizaya ke prabhAva se liMgAdi nahIM dIkhate, zvetAmbara-mAnyatA hai, digambara-mAnyatA nhiiN| digambara-matAnusAra tIrthaMkara ke cauMtIsa atizaya hote haiM, kintu unameM aisA koI atizaya nahIM hotA, jisase unake liMgAdi dikhAI na deN| digambaramata tIrthaMkara ke liMgAdi ko dRzyamAna hI mAnatA hai, ata: jinapratimA meM liMgAdi kA AkAra banAye jAne para hI vaha jinabimba ('jina' kA pratirUpa arthAt 'jina' ke samAna) bana pAtI hai| hA~, zvetAmbaramata ke anusAra aisI jinapratimA jinabimba nahIM hai, isase maiM sahamata hU~ aura isI se yaha siddha hotA hai ki mathurA ke kaMkAlITIle se upalabdha kuSANakAlIna nagna jinapratimAe~ zvetAmbaroM dvArA pratiSThApita nahIM haiN| kyoMki jo nagna jina pratimAoM ko jinabimba hI na mAnate For Personal & Private Use Only

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370 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 hoM, ve unakA nirmANa aura pratiSThApana kaise karA sakate haiM? aura ve unake lie pUjya kaise ho sakatI haiM? suprasiddha zvetAmbara muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI isa tathya se avagata the, isalie unhoMne una pratimAoM ko nagna mAnane se hI inakAra kara diyaa| ve likhate haiM "mathurA ke stUpa meM se nikalI huI jaina pratimAoM ke sambandha meM katipaya vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki ve digambara mUrtiyA~ haiM, yaha kathana yathArtha nhiiN| kyoMki Aja se 2000 varSa pahale mUrtiyA~ isa prakAra se banAI jAtI thIM ki gaddI para baiThI huI to kyA, khar3I mUrtiyA~ bhI khule rUpa meM nagna nahIM dikhatI thiiN| unake vAmaskandha se devadUSya vastra kA aMcala dakSiNa jAnu taka isa khUbI se nIce utArA jAtA thA ki Age tathA pIche kA guhya bhAga usase AvRta ho jAtA thA aura vastra bhI itanI sUkSma rekhAoM se dikhAyA jAtA thA ki dhyAna se dekhane se hI usakA patA laga sakatA thaa| vikrama kI chaThavIM tathA sAtavIM zatI kI khar3I jinamUrtiyA~ isI prakAra se banI huI Aja taka dRSTigocara hotI haiM, parantu usake paravartI samaya meM jyoM-jyoM digambarasampradAya vyavasthita hotA gayA tyoM-tyoM usane apanI jinamUrtiyoM kA astitva pRthak dikhAne ke lie jinamUrtiyoM meM bhI prakaTarUpa se nagnatA dikhalAnA prArambha kara diyaa| guptakAla se bIsavIM zatI taka ki jitanI bhI jinamUrtiyA~ digambarasampradAya dvArA banavAI gaI haiM, ve sabhI nagna haiN| mathurA ke stUpa meM se bhI guptakAla meM banI huI isa prakAra kI nagna mUrtiyoM ke katipaya namUne mile haiM, parantu ve sabhI vikrama kI AThavIM zatI ke bAda kI haiM, kuSANakAla kI nhiiN| mathurA ke stUpa meM se nikale hue kaI AyAgapaTTa tathA prAcIna jinapratimAoM ke chAyAcitra hamane dekhe haiM, unameM nagnatA kA kahIM bhI AbhAsa nahIM milatA aura yaha bhI satya hai ki una mUrtiyoM ke 'kaccha' tathA 'aMcali' Adi bhI nahIM hote the, kyoMki zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM kI yaha paddhati vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI ke bAda kI hai| "isake atirikta mathurA ke stUpa meM se eka jainazramaNa kI mUrti milI hai, jisa para 'kaNha' nAma khudA milatA hai| ye 'kaNha' AcArya, digambara-sampradAya-pravartaka zivabhUti muni ke guru kRSNa hoM, to Azcarya nahIM, kyoMki vaha mUrti ardhanagna hote hue bhI usake kaTibhAga meM prAcIna nirgrantha zramaNoM dvArA nagnatA DhA~kane ke nimitta rakkhe jAte 'agrAvatAra' nAmaka vastrakhaNDa kI nizAnI dekhI jAtI hai| yaha 'agrAvatAra' prasiddha sthavira AryarakSita ke samaya taka zramaNoM meM vyavahRta hotA thaa| bAda meM dhIre-dhIre choTA kaTivastra jise 'cullapaTTaka' (choTA paTTaka) kahate the, zramaNa kamara meM bA~dhane lage, taba se prAcIna 'agrAvatAra vastrakhaNDa' vyavahAra meM se nikala gyaa|" (paTTAvalIparAga/ pR.44-45)| Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 / pra0 1 purAtattva meM digambara - paramparA ke pramANa / 371 muni jI kA mata pravacanaparIkSAkAra ke mata se milatA hai| muni zrI AtmArAma jI kA bhI yahI mata hai / isalie isameM sandeha nahIM raha jAtA ki koI bhI nagna jinapratimA, cAhe vaha prAcIna ho yA arvAcIna, zvetAmbara - paramparA kI nahIM hai / isalie muni zrI jinavijaya jI evaM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai ki 'prAcIna kAla meM digambara aura zvetAmbara, donoM kI jina - pratimAe~ nagna hotI thIM / ' 5 mathurA kI prAcIna jina pratimAe~ nagna hI haiM kintu mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle seM prApta kuSANakAlIna jinapratimAoM kI nagnatA pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hai, ataH unake nagna hone se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isIlie muni zrI jinavijaya jI ne kahA hai ki ve nagna haiM / ' uttarabhArata meM jainadharma' grantha ke lekhaka zrI cimanalAla jaicaMda zAha ne bhI likhA hai- " isI prakAra kI jainatIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ mathurA ke avazeSoM meM bhI prApta haiN| ve mUrtiyA~ eka varga - rUpa se digambara zailI kI hI haiM" (pRSTha 210 ) / siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI bhI likhate haiM- " jainamUrtikalA se bhI nagnatA kA hI samarthana hotA hai| eka bhI prAcIna jainamUrti aisI nahIM milI hai, jo savastra ho athavA jisake guhyapradeza meM vastra kA cihna aMkita ho / mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta sabhI mUrtiyA~ nagna haiM / suprasiddha itihAsajJa zrI vIseNTa smitha ne 'dI jaina stUpa eNDa adara enTIkuTIs oNpha mathurA' nAmaka pustaka prakAzita kI thii| usameM bahuta sI jina - pratimAoM ke citra bhI diye haiM, jinameM kucha pratimAe~ baiThI huI haiM aura kucha khar3I huI haiN| baiThI huI mUrtiyoM para vastra kA koI cihna dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / parantu khar3I mUrtiyA~ spaSTa rUpa se nagna haiM, aura unameM aMkita lekhoM meM jo gaNa, gaccha Adi diye hue haiM, ve zvetAmbaragrantha kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra diye hue haiN| " (jai. sA. i./pU. .pI. / pR. 483) / 6 ve zvetAmbaraparamparA kI pratimAe~ nahIM haiM yadyapi mathurA kI kuSANakAlIna jinapratimAoM meM se kucha para vaise hI gaNagaccha utkIrNa haiM, jaise zvetAmbaragrantha kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita haiM, tathApi ve pratimAe~ zvetAmbara - paramparA kI nahIM haiN| yaha isI se siddha hai ki ve nagna haiM aura nagna jinapratimAoM ko zvetAmbaramata jinabimba nahIM mAnatA, ata eva ve zvetAmbaroM ke lie pUjya nahIM / ise yuktipUrvaka siddha karate hue bahuzruta vidvAn paM0 ajitakumAra jI zAstrI likhate haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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372 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 "mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se nikalI huI ukta prAcIna pratimAoM ke viSaya meM zvetAmbarI sajjanoM kA kahanA hai ki DaoNkTara phUharara ke kathanAnusAra ye samasta pratimAe~ zvetAmbarIya haiM, ataH hamArA zvetAmbara-sampradAya digambara-sampradAya se prAcIna hai| aisA hI zvetAmbara muni AtmArAma jI ne apane tattvanirNayaprAsAda grantha meM likhA bhI hai| kintu zvetAmbarI sajjanoM kI aisI dhAraNA bahuta bhUlabharI huI hai| kyoMki prathama to ina pratimAoM meM se eka do ke sivAya prAyaH saba hI nagna haiN| unake zarIra para vastra kA cihna raMcamAtra bhI nahIM hai| isa kAraNa digambarIya mUrti-vidhAna ke anusAra ve digambarI hI haiN| yadi ve zvetAmbarI hotI, to una para kama se kama colapaTTa (kaMdorAla~goTa) kA cihna to avazya hotaa| kintu una para vaha bilakula bhI nahIM hai| isa kAraNa niyamAnusAra ve pratimAe~ digambarI hI haiN| "yadi pratimAoM para ke lekha meM 'koTTikagaNa' zabda likhA huA hone ke kAraNa una pratimAoM ko zvetAmbarIya kahane kA sAhasa kiyA jAve, to bhI galata hai, kyoMki pratimAoM ke nirmANa ke samaya meM koTTikagaNa zvetAmbarIya hotA to pratimAoM kI AkRti bhI anya zvetAmbarI mUrtiyoM ke anusAra hotii| zvetAmbara-bandhuoM ko yA to apane zAstroM meM yaha dikhalAnA cAhie ki arahanta-pratimA kA AkAra nagna rUpa meM hotA hai, vastra kA lezamAtra bhI usake Upara nahIM hotA, to tadanusAra vastra, mukuTa, kuNDala Adi cihnoMvAlI jo mUrtiyA~ Aja zvetAmbaroM ke yahA~ pracalita haiM, ve zvetAmbarIya nahIM ThaharatI haiN| athavA vastrasahita mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa hI zvetAmbara-sampradAya ke zAstrAnusAra hotA hai, aisA yadi zvetAmbara kaheM, to ina mathurA se nikalI huI nagna mUrtiyoM ko zvetAmbarIya mUrti mAnane kI bhUla hRdaya se nikAla denI caahie| nagna mUrti aura vaha zvetAmbarIya ho, aisA parasparaviruddha kathana hAsyajanaka bhI hai|" (zvetAmbaramata-samIkSA/ pR. 178) / zAstrI jI kA kathana yuktiyukta hai| jaba zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM darzAye gaye jinarUpa ke anusAra zvetAmbaraparamparA meM nagna jinapratimA kA nirmANa hI nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vaha jinapratimA nahIM kahalA sakatI, taba mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle meM upalabdha nagna jinapratimAe~ zvetAmbarapratimAe~ nahIM ho sktiiN| aura isa kAraNa una pratimAoM ke pAdapITha para utkIrNa gaNa, zAkhA Adi ke nAma bhI zvetAmbaraparamparA se sambaddha nahIM ho sakate, bhale hI vaise hI nAma kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM milate hoN| ukta pratimAoM ke adhobhAga meM mUrtita sAdhuoM kA veza zvetAmbarasAdhuoM kA nahIM, apitu ardhaphAlakasAdhuoM kA hai, ataH siddha hotA hai ki ve ardhaphAlakasampradAya ke dvArA pratiSThApita kI gayI 6. trayastriMzaH stambhaH / pR.618-623 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 / pra0 1 purAtattva meM digambara - paramparA ke pramANa / 373 thIM, ata eva una para utkarNa gaNa, zAkhA Adi ke nAma bhI ardhaphAlakasampradAya se hI sambaddha haiN| 7 7 garbhaparivartana kI ghaTanA kA utkIrNana bUhalara (Buhler), phUharara ( Fuhrer ), smitha ( Smith), Adi pAzcAtya purAtattvavidoM kI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna zilpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke garbha-parivartana kI ghaTanA kA utkIrNana hai, ataH usakA sambandha zvetAmbara sampradAya se hai / (jai. dhaM. yA.sa./ pR. 15) / kintu pAzcAtya purAtattvavidoM kI vyAkhyA samIcIna nahIM hai / ukta zilpa meM zrIkRSNa kI mAtA devakI evaM zreSThinI alakA ke putroM kI adalA-badalI kA citraNa hai| isa tathya kA udghATana suprasiddha itihAsavid DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jI jaina ne apane eka purAne zodha - Alekha meM kiyA hai, jo 'jainasandeza' ke zodhAGka 33 meM prakAzita huA thA aura kucha samaya pUrva usakA punaH prakAzana 'zodhAdarza - 48' (navambara 2002 I0) meM huA hai| use jyoM kA tyoM nIce uddhRta kara rahA hU~ / DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina kA lekha mathurA kI naigameza - mUrtiyA~ aura kRSNajanma 44 'jaina purANazAstroM meM hiraNa, meMDhe athavA aja ( bakarA ) jaise mukhavAle eka devatA kA ullekha naigamarSi, naigameza, naigameya, naigamezina hariNigamisi, harinaigamesi, hAri ityAdi nAmoM se vibhinna granthoM meM huA hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta zuMga-zaka - kuSANakAlIna prAcIna jaina avazeSoM meM bhI isa devatA ke kaI mUrttAGkana mile haiM, jinameM se eka para bhagavanemeso ( bhagavAn naigameza) nAma bhI aMkita hai ( dekhiye, epIgrephikA iNDikA / bhAga 2/ pR. 314/ citraphalaka 2 ) / isa devatA ko devarAja indra kA anucara, eka sthAna meM indra kI paidala senA kA kaptAna batAyA jAtA hai aura zizuoM ke janma, poSaNa . aura saMrakSaNa se usakA vizeSa saMbaMdha hai, aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai / brAhmaNa (hindU) paramparA meM bhI navajAta zizuoM kI hitakAmanA ke lie isa devatA kI pUjA, mAnatA kI jAtI hai| kahIM-kahIM usake do rUpoM - eka zubha evaM kalyANakara aura dUsarA azubha evaM aniSTakara kA bhI saMketa milatA hai / " jainaparamparA meM digambara AmnAya ke harivaMzapurANa evaM mahApurANAntargata uttarapurANa meM tathA zvetAmbara - AmnAya ke neminAthacaritra aura triSaSTizalAkA - puruSa - carita 7. dekhiye, agalA zIrSaka 8 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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374 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / pra0 1 meM kRSNajanma ke prasaMga se isa devatA kA vizeSa tathA sarvaprathama ullekha huA hai / jinasena sUri punnATa dvArA 783 I0 meM racita harivaMzapurANa meM prAcIna kSatriyoM ke suprasiddha harivaMza kA vistRta varNana huA hai| usa vaMza meM utpanna zUra kI santati meM zauripura ( AgarA ke nikaTa) nareza andhakavRSNi ke dazaputroM meM sabase bar3e samudravijaya the aura sabase choTe vsudev| samudravijaya ke putra ariSTanemi (neminAtha) bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara the, aura vasudeva ke putra kRSNa jainaparamparA ke triSaSThizalAkA-puruSoM meM prasiddha trikhaNDacakravartI nArAyaNa the, unake jyeSTha bhrAtA balarAma bhI zalAkApuruSa the| svayaM vasudeva kAmadevopama sundara, surUpa, sabake priya, atyanta parAkramI aura sAhasI the / vastutaH harivaMzapurANa ke mukhya nAyaka vasudeva hI haiN| vasudeva kI patnI devakI bhojakavaMzI ugrasena kI putrI aura mathurAdhipa kaMsa kI bhaginI thI / svayaM kaMsa pratApI magadhanareza jarAsaMdha kA jAmAtA thaa| kaMsa duSTa, atyAcArI evaM pitRdrohI thA / usakI patnI bhI duSTa prakRti kI thii| kaMsa ne apane upakAraka bahanoI vasudeva aura bahina devakI ko apane baMdIgRha meM DAla rakhA thA aura vahIM devakI ke chaha zizuoM kA janma huA, jinheM kaMsa ne janmate hI zilA para paTaka kara mAra diyA, kyoMki yaha bhaviSyavANI ho cukI thI ki devakI - putra dvArA kaMsa kA patana evaM saMhAra hogA, tathApi devakI kI sAtavIM saMtAna kRSNa kI guptarUpa se gokula meM nandagopa ke yahA~ use pahu~cAkara rakSA kara lI gaI aura antataH bhaviSyavANI satya siddha huI / ina samasta tathyoM ke viSaya meM jaina evaM brAhmaNIya anuzrutiyA~ prAyaH pUrNatayA eka mata haiM / digambara zvetAmbara paramparAoM meM to koI vizeSa matabheda hai hI nahIM / " parantu jo bAta brAhmaNIya kRSNacaritra meM kahIM nahIM dRSTigocara hotI, kintu jainoM ke ubhaya sampradAyoM ke sAhitya meM prAya: eka sI prApta hotI hai, vaha hai uparyukta naigameza nAma ke devatA dvArA, indra kI AjJA se, devakI kI kRSNa ke pUrva janmI chaha saMtAnoM kI surakSA / harivaMzapurANa (sarga 33, zloka 167 - 173 tathA sarga 35, zloka 4 -8 ) ke anusAra devakI ke vAsudeva (kRSNa) se pUrva krama se utpanna ukta chahoM putroM meM se pratyeka ko janmate hI indra ke AjJAkArI hAri aparanAma sunaigama nAmaka deva ne mathurA meM kaMsa ke baMdIgRha se le jAkara bhadrilapura nAma ke nagara meM sudRSTi nAmaka seTha kI alakA nAmaka patnI ke pAsa pahu~cA diyA, jahA~ unakA putravat lAlana-pAlana huA / 44 " vastutaH alakA ne bhI usI - usI samaya yugala putroM ko janma diyA thA, jo janmate hI mara gye| vaha deva una mRta putroM ko lAkara devakI ke pAsa liTA detA thaa| devakI aura alakA, donoM ko hI isa zizu parivartana ke viSaya meM kucha bhI patA nahIM thA, aura kaMsa alakA dvArA prasUta ukta mRta putroM ke zavoM ko hI devakI For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a05 / pra0 1 purAtattva meM digambara- paramparA ke pramANa / 375 kI santAna samajhakara zilA para paTaka kara mAra DAlane se saMtuSTa ho jAtA thA / AcArya guNabhadra (lagabhaga 850 I0) kRta uttarapurANa ( parva 70 zloka 384 - 390, tathA parva 71, zloka 293-68) meM bhI prAyaH yahI kathA doharAI gaI hai, kintu deva kA ullekha 'naigamarSa' aura 'naigamarSi' nAma se kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara neminAthacaritra, haribhadrasUrikRta neminAhacariu (padyAMka 2275 - 2285) evaM AcArya hemacandrakRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSa - carita meM bhI naigameza nAmaka isa deva kA kRSNajanma ke isa prasaMga meM prAyaH aisA hI varNana huA hai| kevala nAmAdika kahIM-kahIM kucha bhinna haiN| " mathurA yaduvaMziyoM kI prasiddha prAcIna nagarI hai, kRSNa kI janmabhUmi evaM lIlAbhUmi hai, kRSNa ke hI sage tAUjAta bhAI evaM atyanta snehabhAjana tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA bhI yaha prasiddha tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai (dekheM, jinaprabhasUri - kRta 'vividhatIrthakalpa') / mathurA ke usI kaMkAlI TIlA sthala se prAyaH usI prAcIna kAla (zaka - kuSANa ) kI kaI pratimAe~ tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI aisI prApta huI haiM, jinameM tIrthaMkara ke AjU-bAjU kRSNa aura balarAma kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| isa prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ anyatra sunane meM nahIM AyI haiN| astu, mathurA se prApta ukta naigameza mUrtiyoM yA mUrtAMkanoM kA sambandha devakI aura alakA ke navajAta zizuoM kI adalA-badalI se hI hai, isa viSaya meM hameM koI sandeha pratIta nahIM hotA / "Adhunika yuga meM bUhalara, phUharara, smitha Adi katipaya prArambhika purAtattvavidoM ne mathurA kI ukta naigameza mUrtiyoM kA sambandha bhramavaza bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma ke sAtha jor3a diyA, aura uttaravartI prAyaH sabhI tadviSayaka lekhakoM ne A~kha mIMcakara usI bhrAnta dhAraNA kA anusaraNa kiyaa| ina mUrtAMkanoM meM eka bhI abhilekha athavA anya saMketa aisA nahIM hai, jo devakI - putroM ke janma ke prasaMga ke sAtha unakA sambandha sthApita karane meM bAdhaka ho, yA mahAvIrajanma ke sAtha unheM jor3ane meM sAdhaka ho / "zvetAmbaraparamparA meM mAnya kalpasUtra meM aisI kathA AtI hai ki mahAvIra kA jIva devaloka se calakara devanandA nAma kI brAhmaNI ke garbha meM AyA / indra ko jaba yaha bAta jJAta huI, to usane socA yaha to anucita huA, tIrthaMkara ko to kSatriyANI kehI garbha se utpanna honA cAhiye / ata eva indra kI AjJA se harinaigamezI nAmaka deva ne devanandA ke udara se trizalA ke udara meM garbhastha mahAvIra kA sthAnAntaraNa kara diyA / digambaraparamparA meM to garbhApaharaNa- sambandhI isa kathA kA kahIM koI lezamAtra bhI saMketa nahIM hai| usake to siddhAnta, mAnyatAe~ aura anuzrutiyA~, sabhI se yaha kalpanA bAdhita hai| svayaM zvetAmbara - paramparA ke bhI kaI prAcInatara Agama evaM Agamika granthoM meM aise kathana prApta hote haiM, jo yA to isa mAnyatA ke sAdhaka nahIM haiM athavA virodhI For Personal & Private Use Only w

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376 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / pra01 haiN| aneka vartamAna zvetAmbara vidvAn bhI garbhApaharaNavAlI mAnyatA ko aprAkRtika mAnate haiM tathA use sAmpradAyika vidveSa se prerita eka uttarakAlIna kSepaka samajhate haiN| "bUhalara (uparyukta epI. iMDi.), smitha (dI jaina stUpa, pR.25-26) tathA kaniMghama (e.esa.AI. riporTa bhA. 20, pR. 36) ne inameM se jisa naigameza-mUrtAMkana kA vizeSarUpa se ullekha kiyA hai, vaha devarAja indra kI sabhA meM naigameza dvArA apane karma kI saphalatA kI sacanA dene kA dRzya bhI ho sakatA hai, mahilA zacI (indrANI) ho sakatI hai, dRzyAMkita bAlaka ke hAtha kI pIchI (?) yA vastra (?) usake carama-zarIrI hone kA pratIka hai, jaisA ki devakI ke ukta chahoM putroM ke sambandha meM bhaviSyavANI thii| isa zilApaTTa ke pRSTha bhAga meM jo utsava kA dRzya aMkita hai vaha bhadrilapura meM alakA seThAnI ke ghara tejasvI putroM ke janmotsava kA dRzya hai| "naigameza ke mathurA se prApta cAra-pA~ca mUrtAMkanoM meM se eka meM deva khar3A hai aura usake kandhoM para tathA donoM hAtha pakar3e hue pA~ca-chaha bAlaka aMkita haiN| yaha dRzya bhI devakI dvArA prasUta aura alakA dvArA lAlita-pAlita ukta chaha caramazarIrI (usI bhava meM nirvANa prApta kara siddha paramAtmA bananevAle) tejasvI bAlakoM kI rakSA kara pAne se harSita hue , uchalate-kUdate naigameza kA pratIta hotA hai| "abhI hAla meM, pUjya muni zrI vidyAnanda jI ne isa dRzya ko bAlaka mahAvIra dvArA parAbhUta kiye jAne para, unakI parIkSA karane ke lie Aye saMgama nAmaka deva kA mahAvIra ke sAthI bAlakoM ke sAtha krIr3Arata hone ke samaya kA anumAna kiyA hai| "mathurA kI uparyukta naigamezI-mUrtiyoM evaM mUrtAMkanoM ko dekhakara, unakA nirIkSaNaparIkSaNa karake tathA tatsambandhI adhyayanoM, sAhityollekhoM evaM anuzrutiyoM kA adhyayana kara hameM to yahI lagatA hai ki unakA sambandha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kathita garbhApaharaNa kI ghaTanA ke sAtha to nahIM hai aura isa bAta kI prAyaH zata-pratizata saMbhAvanA hai ki unakA sambandha svayaM mathurA meM atyAcArI kaMsa ke bandIgRha meM devakI dvArA prasUta zizuoM kI indra kI AjJA se naigamaiza dvArA alakA seThAnI kI goda meM sthAnAntaraNa karake rakSA karane se hai|" (shodhaadrsh-48)| isase bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna zilpa kA sambandha zvetAmbara-sampradAya se nahIM hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 377 8 kucha jinapratimAoM kA sambandha ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya se mathurA kI kuSANakAlIna nagna jinapratimAoM meM se kucha kA sambandha jainoM ke eka ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya se bhI hai, jo zvetAmbara nahIM thA, apitu antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM dvAdazavarSIya-durbhikSajanita paristhitiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa digambarasaMgha se udbhUta huA thA, jisake kucha sAdhu punaH digambara ho gaye, kucha sAdhu jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda utpanna hae zvetAmbarasaMgha meM vilIna ho gaye aura kucha ardhaphAlaka hI bane rahe / ardhaphAlaka kA artha hai: AdhA vstr| Adhe vastra ko bAyIM kalAI para laTakAkara yA bIca se hAtha meM pakar3a kara apanI nagnatA ko DhaMkanevAle jaina sAdhuoM ko bRhatkathAkozakAra hariSeNa ne ardhaphAlaka sAdhuoM kI saMjJA dI hai| (dekhie, SaSTha adhyaay)| mathurA kI sabhI jina pratimAe~ pUrNataH nirvastra haiN| kintu kisI-kisI jinapratimA ke pAdapITha yA AyAgapaTTa para aise sAdhu kI mUrti bhI utkIrNa hai, jo nagna hai, kintu usake bAyeM hAtha kI kalAI para ardhaphAlaka laTaka rahA hai, yA bIca se hAtha meM pakar3akara laTakAyA gayA hai, jisase kisI kI jananendriya AvRta hai, kisI kI nhiiN| kintu nitambabhAga to sabhI kA khulA huA hai| isase sUcita hotA hai ki ve nagna jinapratimAe~ aise jainasampradAya ke sAdhuoM dvArA pratiSThita karAyI gayI thIM, jo na to yaha mAnate the ki tIrthaMkara devadUSya vastra lekara pravrajita hote haiM, na yaha svIkAra karate the ki unakI nagnatA svaprabhAmaNDala se AvRta rahatI hai, aura na jo nagnatva ko azlIla, bIbhatsa, nirlajjatAjanaka, lokamaryAdA-viruddha evaM striyoM meM kAmavikArotpAdaka mAnate the, apitu use vItarAgatA evaM jitendriyatA kI abhivyakti mAnate the| yaha ekamAtra digambaroM kI mAnyatA hai, kintu utkIrNa sAdhuoM kA veza digambara nahIM hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki ve unhIM sAdhuoM meM se the, jo pahale digambara the, kintu dvAdazavarSIyadurbhikSajanya paristhitiyoM ke phalasvarUpa ardhaphAlaka dhAraNa karane lage the aura na to punaH digambara hue, na zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM zAmila hue , apitu svataMtra bane rahe, tathApi unhoMne tIrthaMkaroM ke digambaramAnya nagna veza ko amAnya nahIM kiyaa| ve usa samaya bhI tIrthaMkaroM kI nagna pratimA kA hI nirmANa karAte the aura usakI pUjA karate the| mAnanIya DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jI jaina ne bhI mathurA ke pASaNazilpa ko ardhaphAlaka sampradAya se sambaddha mAnA hai| kintu unhoMne usakI utpatti dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa na mAnakara I0 pU0 dvitIya zatAbdI meM mathurA ke kaNhazramaNa dvArA kI gaI mAnI For Personal & Private Use Only

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378 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 hai aura isakA uddezya digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM ekatva sthApita karanA batalAyA hai| ve bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi nAmaka grantha meM likhate haiM "nanda aura mauryakAla meM mathurA meM jainadharma kI kyA sthiti rahI, nizcaya se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 4thI zatI I0 pU0 meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke kAraNa uttarApatha ke jainasaMgha kA eka bar3A bhAga antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI adhyakSatA meM dakSiNa deza ko vihAra kara gayA thaa| durbhikSa kI samApti para bhI unameM se adhikAMza sAdhu vahIM raha gaye aura unakA saMgaThana kAlAntara meM mUlasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| magadha meM hI jo sAdhu raha gaye the, unhoMne sthUlabhadra aura unake ziSyoM ke netRtva meM apanA pRthak saMgaThana kara liyaa| durbhikSa ke samaya Apaddharma ke rUpa meM ina mAgadhI sAdhuoM ne jo zithilAcAra grahaNa kara liyA thA, vaha zanaiH zanaiH rUr3ha hotA gayA aura kAlAntara meM digambara-zvetAmbara-sampradAyabheda kA kAraNa bnaa| mathurA Adi magadha se dUrastha pradeza duSkAla ke prakopa se utane trasta nahIM hue the, ataH yahA~ ke jaina sAdhu karNATakI (dakSiNI) aura mAgadhI (uttarI) donoM hI dhArAoM se apane AcAra-vicAra meM vilakSaNa rhe|" (pR.103)| "mathurA ke jainasaMgha ne digambara-zvetAmbara ubhaya sampradAyoM kI pUrvaja uparyukta donoM dhArAoM se pRthak rahakara prasiddha guruoM athavA sthAnoM ke nAma para apane gaNa, zAkhA, kula, goSTha Adi sthApita karake apanA svatantra saMgaThana kiyaa| zuMga-zakakuSANakAla (lagabhaga I0 pU0 200 se I0 san 200 paryanta) meM mathurA ke isa jainasaMgha ne abhUtapUrva unnati kii|" (pR.103)| "yahI kAraNa hai ki jainasaMgha kI apane Apako maulika kahanevAlI digambaroM evaM zvetAmbaroM kI pUrvokta donoM dhArAyeM, jaba ki apane bIca sampradAyabheda kI khAI ko uttarottara gaharI karatI jA rahI thIM, mathurA ke jaina guru svayaM ina donoM se pRthak rahakara bhI samanvaya kA hI prayatna karate the| ataH donoM hI paramparAoM meM mathurA ke aneka guru samAna rUpa se samAdRta hue aura mathurA kA tatkAlIna dharma donoM sampradAyoM ke bIca kI kar3I siddha huaa| yahIM aura isI kAla meM kanhazramaNa ke netRtva meM usa arddhaphAlaka-sampradAya kA asthAyI udaya huA, jo eka choTA sA khaNDavastra grahaNa karane kA vidhAna karake donoM daloM ke bIca samajhautA karAnA cAhatA thaa|" (pR. 104-105) / DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jI jaina kA yaha mata bhI ghaTita ho sakatA hai, kintu isake pIche koI sAhityika AdhAra nahIM hai| jaba ki dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke samaya ardhaphAlakasampradAya kI utpatti hariSeNakRta 'bRhatkathAkoza' tathA ratnanandIkRta 'bhadrabAhucarita' se Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 379 samarthita hai| ataH ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya kI utpatti kA yaha kAla aura kAraNa adhika yuktisaMgata hai| zrI cimanalAla jaicanda zAha ne mathurA ke zilpa meM tIrthaMkaroM ke nagnatva aura sAdhuoM ke sacelatva Adi ke aMkana ko digambara-zvetAmbara-vibhAjana ke pUrvavartI avibhakta nirgranthasaMgha ke svarUpa kA pratibimba batalAyA hai| ve likhate haiM-"mathurA kI zilpakalA kA vicAra karate hue patA lagatA hai ki mahAvIra ke garbhApahAra ke zilpa meM mahAvIra ko nagna dikhalAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra mathurA ke eka hI zilpa meM digambaroM kI nagnatA kI mAnyatA aura zvetAmbaroM ke garbhApahAra kI mAnyatA donoM hI A jAtI haiN| isase yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai ki I0 san kI pahalI sadI taka to donoM sampradAyoM kA panthabheda nizcaya hI utpanna nahIM huA thaa|" (uttarabhArata meM jainadharma / pR.66)| ___ mAnanIya zAha kI yaha mImAMsA samIcIna nahIM hai| jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM kI AcAryaparamparAoM meM AyI huI bhinnatA se siddha hai ki digambarazvetAmbara-panthabheda antima anubaddha kevalI jambUsvAmI (vIra ni0 saM0 62, I0 pU0 465) ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI ho gayA thaa| isalie mathurA kA prathama zatI I0 kA zilpAMkana digambara-zvetAmbara-panthabheda ke pUrva kA nahIM ho sktaa| vaha I0 pU0 caturtha zatI meM hue digambara-ardhaphAlaka-panthabheda ke bAda kA hI hai, jaisA ki Upara pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| "jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya" grantha ke anta meM mathurA ke prAcInapASANazilpa ke citra diye hue haiN| unameM citrasaMkhyA 1 meM vidyAcArI muni kA aMkana hai, jo nagna hote hue bhI bAyIM kalAI para vastra laTakAye hue hai, tathApi usakA puruSacihna dikhAI de rahA hai| citra saMkhyA 7 meM eka stUpa ke donoM ora do-do tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ padmAsana mudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura unake nIce zilApaTTa para eka nagna muni kI mUrti utkIrNa hai, jo bAyeM hAtha meM eka vastra pakar3akara sAmane laTakAye hue hai, jisase usakI puruSendriya AcchAdita hai| dAhine hAtha meM koI jholI sI (saMbhavataH bhikSApAtra) pakar3akara kandhe para TA~ge hue hai, jise kucha purAtattvavidoM ne sammArjanI yA pratilekhana kahA hai| usake dAyIM ora eka strI tathA bAyIM ora tIna striyoM kI AkRti khudI huI hai| sAdhu ke nIce 'kaNha' (kRSNa) zabda utkIrNa hai| siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne ise arddhaphAlaka-sampradAya ke sAdhu kA aMkana mAnA hai| hariSeNa ne bRhatkathAkoza meM kahA hai ki antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya utpanna hue dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke samaya jo sAdhu dakSiNabhArata na jAkara 8. dekhiye, SaSTha adhyAya : 'digambara-zvetAmbarabheda kA itihaas|' For Personal & Private Use Only

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380 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / pra0 1 sindhu deza cale gaye the, ve AhAraprApti meM honevAlI bAdhAoM ke kAraNa nagnatva ko AcchAdita karane ke lie ardhaphAlaka dhAraNa karane lage the| inhIM sAdhuoM ke sampradAya kA nAma ardhaphAlaka - sampradAya pdd'aa| paM0 kailAzacandra jI likhate haiM " yadyapi hariSeNa se pahale kisI grantha meM isa sampradAya kA koI nirdeza abhI taka nahIM milA hai, kintu mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta jaina avazeSoM meM se eka zilApaTTa 10 meM eka jaina sAdhu bilkula usI rUpa meM aMkita hai, jisa rUpa kA nirdeza kathAkoza meM kiyA gayA hai 11 aura use jainayati kRSNa kI mUrti batalAyA hai| " (jai.sA. i./ pU. pI. / pR. 382 - 383) / " zrI bUhalara ne (iNDi0 aiNTi0, ji02, pR0 316) likhA thA- - nemiSa devatA ke bAe~ ghuTane ke pAsa eka choTI sI AkRti naMge manuSya kI hai, jo bAe~ hAtha meM vastra hone se tathA dAhinA hAtha Upara ko uThA hone se eka sAMdhu mAlUma hotA hai / 'lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya ke tatkAlIna adhyakSa DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne ukta zilApaTTa ke sambandha meM likhA thA- ' - ' paTTa ke UparI bhAga meM stUpa ke do ora cAra tIrthaMkara haiM, jinameM se tIsare pArzvanAtha ( sarpaphaNAlaMkRta) aura cauthe saMbhavataH bhagavAn mahAvIra haiN| pahale do RSabhanAtha aura neminAtha ho sakate haiN| para tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM para na koI cihna hai aura na vastra / paTTa meM nIce eka strI aura usake sAmane eka nagna zramaNa khudA huA hai| vaha eka hAtha meM sammArjanI aura bAe~ hAtha meM eka kapar3A ( la~goTa) lie hue hai, zeSa zarIra nagna hai / (jai. si. bhA. / bhAga 10 / ki. 2 / pR. 80 kA phuTanoTa ) / 44 " citra ke dekhane se yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki kaNha ne bAe~ hAtha se vastrakhaNDa ko madhya se pakar3A huA hai aura sAmane karake usase unhoMne apanI nagnatA mAtra ko chipAyA huA hai| sambhavataH zvetAmbara - sampradAya ke pUrvaja ardhaphAlaka - sampradAya kA yaha rUpa thaa| yaha saMbhava hai ki use ardhaphAlaka sampradAya nAma se na kahA jAtA ho aura digambaroM ne hI vastrakhaNDa rakhane ke kAraNa unheM yaha nAma de diyA ho / " (jai. sA. i./ pU. pI. ./pR. 383-384) / 9. dekhie, vahI / 10. yaha zilApaTTa lakhanaU ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| 11. yAvanna zobhanaH kAlaH jAyate sAdhavaH sphuTam / tAvacca vAmahastena puraH kRtvA'rdhaphAlakam // 58 // bhikSApAtraM samAdAya dakSiNena kareNa ca / gRhItvA naktamAhAraM kurudhvaM bhojanaM dine // 59 // (131 bhadrabAhukathAnaka / hariSeNa : bR.ka.ko.) / For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 381 DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya ke astitva se inakAra kiyA hai aura isa prakAra ke sAdhusampradAya ko saMghabheda (zvetAmbara-yApanIya-bheda) ke pUrva kA mUla nirgrantha sampradAya mAnA hai| ve likhate haiM-"punaH mathurA ke prAcIna zilpa meM muni ke hAtha kI kalAI para laTakate hue vastra kA aMkana bhI milatA hai, jisase ve apanI nagnatA chipAye hue haiN| yaha tathya isa zilpa ko digambara-paramparA se pRthak karatA hai| kintu mathurA kA jainazilpa yApanIya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki yApanIyaparamparA kI utpatti kiJcit paravartI hai| isa zilpa meM Arya kRSNa (ajja kaNha) kA, jinake ziSya zivabhUti se 'Avazyaka mUlabhASya' meM boTika yA yApanIya-paramparA kA vikAsa mAnA gayA hai, nAmollekhapUrvaka aMkana upalabdha hotA hai| paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne ise ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya kA mAnA hai, kintu isa sampradAya ke astitva kA dasavIM zatI ke pUrva kA koI bhI sAhityika yA abhilekhIya sAkSya nahIM hai| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ke anusAra aisA koI sampradAya hI nahIM thaa| yaha mAtra saMghabheda ke pUrva kI sthiti hai|"(jai.dh.yaa.s./ pR.15-16)| ve Age bhI likhate haiM-"IsA kI prathama-dUsarI zatI meM nirgranthaparamparA ke muniyoM meM vastrAdi upakaraNoM kI sthiti kyA thI, isakA purAtAttvika pramANa hameM isI kAla ke mathurA ke aMkanoM meM milatA hai| --- muniyoM ke jo aMkana haiM, unameM unake hAtha meM mukhavastrikA/vastrakhaNDa tathA kalAI para taha kiyA huA kambala pradarzita hai, jisase kinhIM aMkanoM meM unakI nagnatA chipa gaI hai aura kinhIM meM vaha nahIM bhI chipI hai| kintu koI bhI muni vastradhAraNa kiye hue pradarzita nahIM hai| abhilekhoM meM ina muniyoM ke nAma, gaNa, zAkhA, kula Adi kA jo ullekha hai, unakI puSTi kalpasUtra-paTTAvalI se hotI hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki ye aMkana uttara bhArata meM sacela aura acela paramparA ke vibhAjana ke pUrva kI sthiti ke sUcaka haiN|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.472)| DaoNkTara sA0 kA yaha kathana pramANaviruddha hai| isake nimnalikhita pramANa haiM 1. acelaparamparA ke vibhAjana se sacelaparamparA kI utpatti to jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI ho gayI thii| (dekhiye, SaSTha adhyaay)| vIra nirvANa saM0 609 (I0 san 82) meM jina AryakRSNa ke saMgha meM boTika zivabhUti ne dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, vaha zvetAmbarasaMgha hI thA, kyoMki usa saMgha ke sabhI sAdhu caudaha upakaraNadhArI sthavirakalpika the| usa samaya zvetAmbaragranthoM meM varNita jinakalpika sAdhuoM kA astitva nahIM thA, isIlie to AryakRSNa zivabhUti se yaha kaha sake ki jinakalpa kA viccheda ho cukA hai| isake atirikta azokakAlIna bauddhagrantha apadAna meM zvetavastradhArI sAdhuoM ke sampradAya kA ullekha hai| ina pramANoM se siddha hai ki mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna For Personal & Private Use Only

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382 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 zilpa meM mUrtita ardhaphAlakadhArI sAdhuoM kA sampradAya zvetAmbarasampradAya se pUrvavartI nahIM thA, apitu bAda meM udita huA thaa| 2. ukta zilpa meM mUrtita eka sAdhu ke bAyeM hAtha meM eka vastrakhaNDa laTaka rahA hai aura kandhe para pIche kI tarapha rajoharaNa yA jholI TaeNgI huI hai, jise sAdhu ne dAyeM hAtha se pakar3a rakhA hai| inake alAvA usake pAsa aura koI upakaraNa nahIM hai| zarIra para kaTivastra aura mu~ha para mukhavastrikA taka nahIM hai| DaoNkTara sA0 kA kathana hai ki isa sAdhu ke veza se sUcita hotA hai ki IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM ke udaya ke pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI jainazramaNa itane hI upakaraNa rakhate the| arthAt DaoNkTara sA0 ke matAnusAra mathurAzilpa meM mUrtita jainasAdhu prAzvetAmbara-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke sAdhu the| ___ yaha kathana tathya ke viparIta hai, kyoMki boTikakathA ke anusAra IsA kI prathamazatI meM sthavirakalpika sAdhu vidyamAna the| ve tIna sUtI-UnI prAvaraNa, kaTivastra (colapaTTa), mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa, sAta prakAra kA pAtraniryoga aura eka mAtraka, isa prakAra caudaha upakaraNa rakhate the| tathA jisa jinakalpa kA viccheda honA mAnA gayA hai, use apanAnevAle sAdhuoM ko bhI kaTivastra aura mAtraka chor3akara zeSa bAraha upakaraNoM kA dhArI batalAyA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM bhI nagna rahane meM lajjA kA anubhava karanevAle evaM zItAdiparISahasahana meM asamartha sAdhuoM ko kaTivastra tathA AvazyakatAnusAra eka se lekara tIna taka sUtI-UnI kalpa (prAvaraNa) grahaNa karane kI anumati dI gayI hai| vIranirvANasaMvat 72 meM AcArya zayyambhava-kRta dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI saMyama aura lajjA kI rakSA ke lie sAdhu ke dvArA vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdaprauMchana kA upabhoga kiyA jAnA Agamokta batalAyA gayA hai| prAcIna grantha uttarAdhyayana meM bhI uparyukta upakaraNoM evaM mukhavastrikA ke grahaNa kiye jAne kA vidhAna hai| (uttarA.17/9,26/23-jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.470 / paa.tti.2)| isa prakAra IsA kI prathama zatI meM zvetAmbaragrantha-varNita sAdhu aneka upakaraNa rakhate the| kintu mathurAzilpa meM mUrtita sAdhu ina bahuvidha upakaraNoM se rahita haiN| unake zarIra para kaTivastra aura muMha para mukhavastrikA bhI nahIM hai| ataH ve zvetAmbaragranthoM meM varNita sthavirakalpika yA jinakalpika sAdhu nahIM haiM, apitu kisI anya jainasampradAya ke sAdhu haiN| vastra ko kaTi para lapeTa kara nahIM, apitu hAtha para laTakA kara nagnatA ko DhaMkane kA prayatna karanevAle sAdhuoM ke usa sampradAya ko AcArya hariSeNa ne bRhatkathAkoza ke bhadrabAhukathAnaka meM ardhaphAlakasaMgha kahA hai ardhaphAlakasaGghaste mahAdevi na shobhnH| na cAyaM vastrasaMvIto na nagnaH sviddmbnH|| 74 // For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 383 ___3. DaoNkTara sA0 ne mathurAzilpa meM mUrtita kevala ardhaphAlaka evaM rajoharaNa yA jholIdhArI sAdhu ko uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke sAdhuoM kA pratinidhi mAnakara kahA hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjana ke pUrva uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ke sAdhu alpa-upakaraNadhArI the| kintu yaha unake hI pUrvakathana ke viruddha hai| unhoMne pUrva meM likhA hai___ "vastutaH mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM jaba vastrapAtradi meM vRddhi hone lagI aura acelakatva kI pratiSThA kSINa hone lagI, taba usase acelatA ke pakSadhara yApanIya aura sacelatA ke pakSadhara zvetAmbara, aisI do dhArAe~ nikliiN|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.24)| isa prakAra eka jagaha ve uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgranthasaMgha ko alpa-upakaraNadhArI batalAte haiM aura dUsarI jagaha bhu-upkrnndhaarii| isake atirikta ve use acela bhI kahate haiM aura sacela bhii| kintu mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna zilpa meM mUrtita sAdhuoM meM na to acelatva ke darzana hote haiM (kyoMki unake hAtha meM ardhaphAlaka hai), na hI vastrapAtrAdi upakaraNoM kI vRddhi ke| unake pAsa kevala do upakaraNa haiN| ataH DaoNkTara sA0 ke svakIya vacanoM se siddha hotA hai ki mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna zilpa meM mUrtita sAdhusampradAya vaha sampradAya nahIM hai, jisase unake anusAra sacelatA ke pakSadhara zvetAmbarasaMgha kA aura acelatA ke pakSadhara yApanIyasaMgha kA udbhava huaa| zvetAmbarasampradAya kA udbhava jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt aikAntika acelamArgI nirgranthasaMgha se huA thA aura ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya usI nirgranthasaMgha se IsApUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa udbhUta huA thA, jisakA astitva kuSANakAla (IsA kI prathamadvitIya zatAbdI) taka banA rhaa| (dekhiye, SaSTha adhyaay)| ___DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne likhA hai ki ukta munimUrtiyoM ke hAtha meM mukhavastrikA hai, kintu mukhavastrikA to mukha para hotI hai| usI avasthA meM vaha muniliMga mAnI jA sakatI hai arthAt mUrti ke zvetAmbarIya hone kI pahacAna bana sakatI hai| hAtha meM rakhA haA vastrakhaNDa makhavastrikA hI hai. yaha kaise siddha hogA? tathA hAtha meM vastrakhaNDa hai bhI nhiiN| jisa mUrti ko AryakRSNa kI pratikRti kahA gayA hai, usake eka hAtha kI kalAI para Age kI ora taha kiyA huA ardhaphAlaka jhUla rahA hai aura dUsarA hAtha kandhe ke Upara hai, jisameM pIche kI tarapha rajoharaNa yA jholI laTaka rahI hai| mukhavastrikA kahalA sakane yogya vastrakhaNDa kisI bhI hAtha meM nahIM hai aura mukha para bhI nahIM hai| anya sAdhu-mUrtiyoM ke bhI hAtha yA mu~ha para mukhavastrikA nahIM hai| ataH DaoNkTara sA0 kA yaha kathana pratyakSa pramANa se asiddha hotA hai ki mathurAzilpa kI munimUrtiyoM ke hAtha meM mukhavastrikA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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384 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 yadi IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI meM mathurAzilpa meM mUrtita ardhaphAlakadhArI sAdhuoM ke veza ko zvetAmbarasampradAya ko janmadenevAle sampradAya kA veza mAnA jAya, to zvetAmbara-sampradAya kA utpattikAla tRtIya zatAbdI I0 siddha hotA hai, jisase svayaM DaoNkTara sA0 kA yaha pUrvamata bAdhita ho jAtA hai ki zvetAmbarasampradAya kI utpatti vikramasaMvat 136 yA 139 arthAt I0 san 79 yA 82 meM huI thii| unhoMne nimnalikhita kathana meM isa mata ko prAmANika mAnA hai "digambaraparamparA meM jainasaMgha ke isa vibhAjana kI sUcanA denevAlA koI prAcIna grantha nahIM hai, mAtra I0 san 942 (vi0 saM0 999) meM devasena dvArA racita darzanasAra hai| isa grantha ke anusAra vikrama kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt saurASTradeza kI valabhI nagarI meM zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti huii| isameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki zrIkalaza nAmaka zvetAmbaramuni se vikramasaMvat 205 meM kalyANa meM yApanIya saMgha utpanna huaa| cU~ki 'darzanasAra' AvazyakamUlabhASya kI apekSA paryApta paravartI hai, ataH usake vivaraNoM kI prAmANikatA svIkAra karane meM vizeSa satarkatA kI AvazyakatA hai, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki jaba AvazyakamUlabhASya aura darzanasAra donoM hI vi0 saM0 136 athavA 139 yA vIranirvANa saMvat 606 yA 609 meM saMghabheda kI ghaTanA kA ullekha karate haiM, to eka-dUsare se puSTi hone ke kAraNa isa tathya ko aprAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki vikramasaMvat kI prathama zatI ke anta yA dvitIya zatAbdI ke prArambha meM jainoM meM spaSTarUpa se saMghabheda ho gayA thaa|" (jai. dha. yA. sa./ pR.17)| isa kathana meM DaoNkTara sA0 ne svayaM isa mAnyatA ko prAmANika mAnA hai ki zvetAmbara-sampradAya kI utpatti vikrama saM0 136 yA 139 arthAt IsavI san 79 yA 82 meM huI thii| kintu isa sampradAya kI utpatti IsA kI tRtIya zatI meM siddha karanevAle unake uparyukta mata se unakA hI yaha pUrvamata bAdhita ho jAtA hai aura isa pUrvamata se unakA uparyukta uttaramata asaMgata ThaharatA hai| isa taraha eka-dUsare ko bAdhita karanevAle ina paraspara virodhI matoM se DaoNkTara sA0 ke ye donoM mata aprAmANika siddha hote haiN| ataH digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM ke AgamoM meM mAnya hone se yahI mata prAmANika siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbaramata kI utpatti jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI ho gayI thI (dekhiye, SaSTha adhyAya), phalasvarUpa prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI I0 ke mathurAzilpa meM mUrtita ardhaphAlakadhArI sAdhuoM kA sampradAya zvetAmbara sampradAya se uttaravartI thA aura yataH ardhaphAlakadhArI sAdhuoM kA veza zvetAmbarasAdhuoM ke veza se bhinna thA tathA unake upakaraNoM kI saMkhyA bhI zvetAmbarasAdhuoM ke upakaraNoM se atyalpa thI, isase siddha ki unakA sampradAya zvetAmbarasampradAya se pRthak thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 385 dasavIM sadI I0 se pUrva ke kisI grantha yA abhilekha meM ardhaphAlakasampradAya kA ullekha bhale na ho, kintu mathurA kA uparyukta zilpa IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM usake astitva kA bodha pratyakSa rUpa se karAtA hai| bhale hI use ardhaphAlaka nAma se sambodhita na kiyA jAya, para lakSaNa to zilpa meM usI ke vidyamAna haiN| ataH yadyapi ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya ke kucha sAdhu apanI utpatti ke kucha samaya bAda hI digambarasaMgha meM vApisa lauTa Aye the aura kucha sAdhu zvetAmbarasaMgha meM zAmila ho gaye, tathApi unakA eka varga kuSANakAla taka aura saMbhavataH usake bAda bhI kucha samaya taka ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya ke rUpa meM svataMtra banA rhaa| yadyapi vaha ardhaphAlaka dhAraNa karatA thA, to bhI usake siddhAnta zvetAmbara-siddhAntoM se kAphI bhinna the| nagnatva ke viSaya meM ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya kI mAnyatAe~ itanI pratikUla nahIM thIM, jitanI zvetAmbaroM kI haiN| tIrthaMkara pratimAoM ke nagnarUpa ko ve bIbhatsa, azlIla, nirlajjatA-janaka evaM striyoM meM kAmavikArotpAdaka nahIM mAnate the, apitu vItarAgatA, nissaMgatA, zizuvat nirvikAratA evaM Atmika saundarya ko abhivyakta karanevAlA mAnate the| vaha unheM sAkSAt jinabimba pratIta hotA thA, ataH vaha unake lie pUjya thaa| isIlie ve nagna jina pratimAoM kA pratiSThApana karAte the aura unakI pUjA karate the| apanI nagnatA bhI ardhaphAlaka sAdhuoM ko sarvathA azlIla aura nirlajjatA-janaka pratIta nahIM hotI thI, isalie ardhaphAlaka dhAraNa karane se nitambabhAga ke khule raha jAne para unheM saMkoca nahIM hotA thaa| isake viparIta zvetAmbara-sampradAya tIrthaMkaroM kI nagna pratimAoM ko azlIla, bIbhatsa, nirlajjatA-janaka evaM striyoM meM kAma vikArotpAdaka mAnatA hai tathA unheM jinabimba svIkAra nahIM krtaa| isa kAraNa ve zvetAmbaroM ke lie apUjya haiN| isIlie ve na to nagna jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA karAte haiM, na hI unako pUjate haiN| zvetAmbarasAdhu apane guhyAMgoM kA raMcamAtra bhI anAvRta rahanA azlIla mAnate haiM, isalie prAraMbha meM ve colapaTTaka ke dvArA guhyAMga ko pUrNataH DhaMka kara rakhate the, kintu dhIre-dhIre do vastroM ke dvArA kaNTha se lekara ghuTanoM taka kA bhAga AcchAdita rakhane lage haiN| yaha ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya kA zvetAmbara-sampradAya se mahAn saiddhAntika matabheda thaa| yataH mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna zilpa meM nagna jinapratimAoM ke nIce ardhaphAlakadhArI sAdhuoM kA hI aMkana hai, kaTivastra evaM prAvaraNadhArI zvetAmbara sAdhuoM kA nahIM, isase siddha hai ki mathurA kA kuSANakAlIna zilpa zvetAmbara-sampradAya se sambandha nahIM rakhatA, apitu ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya se sambandhita hai| jina nagna jinapratimAoM ke nIce ardhaphAlakadhArI sAdhu kI AkRti nirmita nahIM hai, unakA sambandha digambarajaina-paramparA se hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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386 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 niSkarSa yaha ki nagna jinapratimAe~ digambara-paramparA kI dena haiN| unheM IsApUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa digambarasaMgha se udbhUta hue ardhaphAlaka sampradAya ne apanA liyA thA, jisakA pramANa mathurA kI uparyukta jinapratimAe~ haiM aura IsA kI cauthI zatI meM zvetAmbarasaMgha se utpanna hue yApanIyasampradAya ne bhI nagna jinapratimAoM ko aMgIkRta kara liyA thaa| yaha zrutasAgarasUri ke yApanIyoM ko lakSya kara kiye gaye isa kathana se siddha hai ki pA~ca jainAbhAsoM dvArA pratiSThita nagnamUrti bhI apUjya hai-"yA paJcajainAbhAsairaJcalikArahitApi nagnamUrtirapi pratiSThitA bhavati sA na vandanIyA na cArcanIyA ca (bo.pA./ TIkA / gaa.10)| premI jI ne bhI likhA hai-"zratasAgara ke isa vacana se mAlama hotA hai ki yApanIyoM dvArA pratiSThita pratimAe~ nagna hotI thI, kyoMki unake vizvAsa ke anusAra yApanIya pA~ca jainAbhAsoM ke antargata haiN|"(jai.saa.i./ dvi.saM./ pA.Ti./ pR.59)| zvetAmbara-sampradAya ke dvArA Arambha meM aisI jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa karAyA gayA. jo vastrayakta na hote hae bhI nagna nahIM dikhatI thI arthAt unameM puruSacihna (tIrthaMkara mallI ke prasaMga meM strI cihnoM) kI racanA nahIM kI jAtI thii| Age calakara unake sAmane aMcalikA rakhI jAne lgii| kAlAntara meM pratimA ko devadUSya vastra se AcchAdita kiyA jAne lgaa| tatpazcAt vItarAga jinapratimA rAjasI vezabhUSA se alaMkRta kI jAne lgii| isa prakAra nagna jinapratimA kA sambandha zvetAmbara-paramparA se kabhI nahIM rhaa| zvetAmbara-mastiSka meM nagna jinapratimA kI kalpanA A hI nahIM sakatI, kyoMki unakI mAnyatA hai ki tIrthaMkara apane prabhAmaMDala ke kAraNa nagnarUpa meM dikhate hI nahIM haiN| chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva zvetAmbarasaMgha meM anagna-acela jinapratimA kI pUjA prastuta adhyAya kA jaba lipisaMzodhana cala rahA thA, taba zramaNa patrikA (julAIdisambara 2005) meM mAnanIya DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA eka lekha par3hane ko milA, jisakA zIrSaka thA 'jinapratimA kA prAcIna svarUpa : eka samIkSAtmaka cintn|' isameM mere eka pUrvalekha kI samIkSA kI gayI thI, jo jinabhASita (maI 2003) ke sampAdakIya Alekha ke rUpa meM prakAzita huA thA aura jisakA zIrSaka thA 'digambaroM kI jinapratimA kI pahacAna ke prmaann|' ___ DaoNkTara sA0 ne apane lekha meM kahA hai-"bhAI ratanacandra jI kA yaha kathana satya hai ki IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se pahale jitanI bhI jinapratimAe~ upalabdha huI haiM, ve saba sarvathA acela aura nagna haiN| unakA yaha kathana bhI satya hai ki savastra For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 387 jinapratimAoM kA aMkana lagabhaga chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI se hI prArambha hotA hai| kintu isake pUrva kI sthiti kyA thI, isa sambandha meM ve prAyaH cupa haiN| yadi zvetAmbaraparamparA kA astitva usake pUrva meM bhI thA, to ve kina pratimAoM kI pUjA karate the?" ('shrmnn'| julAI-disambara 2005 / pR 66-67) / tatpazcAt DaoNkTara sA0 ne mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se upalabdha IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI kI jinapratimAoM para jo kula, zAkhA, gaNa Adi utkIrNa haiM, unake AdhAra para kahA hai ki ve zvetAmbarAcAryoM dvArA pratiSThApita kI gayI thIM aura chaThI zatAbdI I0 ke pUrva taka zvetAmbara bhI digambaroM kI taraha nagna jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThApanA evaM upAsanA karate the| itanA hI nahIM ve likhate haiM ki "ina aitihAsika sAkSyoM se maiM isa nirNaya para pahu~cA hU~ ki IsA kI chaThI zatI taka donoM hI paramparAoM ke mandira aura mUrtiyA~ eka hI hote the|" (vhii/pR.68)| DaoNkTara sA0 kI pahalI mAnyatA kA nirasana pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| usake aprAmANika hone kA sabase bar3A pramANa yaha hai ki zvetAmbara-AgamoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkaroM kI nagnatA atizaya ke prabhAva se pracchAdita rahatI hai, jisase unakA nagnarUpa dikhAI nahIM detaa| ataH unakI pratimA bhI anagna banAyI jAne para hI jinapratimA kahalA sakatI hai| tattvanirNayaprAsAda ke kartA zvetAmbaramuni zrI AtmArAma jI ke vacana pUrva (isI prakaraNa ke zIrSaka 3) meM uddhRta kiye jA cuke haiM, jinameM unhoMne kahA hai ki "jinendra ke to atizaya ke prabhAva se liMgAdi dikhAI nahIM dete, kintu digambaroM ke dvArA nirmApita jinapratimA meM liMgAdi dikhAI dete haiM, ataH vaha jinabimba siddha nahIM hotii|" digambaraparamparA meM bhI yahI mAnyatA hai ki jinapratimA jinasadRza hone para hI jinabimba kahalAtI hai aura vandanIya hotI hai| paM0 banArasIdAsa jI ne vANArasIvilAsa meM kahA hai jinapratimA jina sArisI kahI jinAgama maahiN| raMcamAtra dUSaNa lagai baMdanIka so naahiN| ___('vidvjjnbodhk'| pR.345 se uddhRta) cU~ki mathurA kI ukta jinapratimAe~ anagna nahIM haiM, apitu nagna haiM, ataH ve zvetAmbaramAnya jinarUpa ke anusAra zvetAmbarIya jinapratimAe~ nahIM haiN| ve ardhaphAlakasaMgha dvArA pratiSThApita kI gayI thiiN| ___DaoNkTara sA0 ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI nagnatA atizaya ke prabhAva se adRzya rahatI hai, tathApi unheM nagna pratimA ke nirmANa meM koI visaMgati dikhAI nahIM detii| ve likhate haiM-"pro0 ratanacandra jI ne 'pravacanaparIkSA' kA eka uddharaNa bhI diyA hai| unakA yaha kathana hai ki jinendra bhagavAn kA guhyapradeza zubhaprabhAmaNDala For Personal & Private Use Only

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388 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 ke dvArA vastra ke samAna hI AcchAdita rahatA hai aura carmacakSuoM ke dvArA dikhAI nahIM detaa| vastutaH tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM yaha kalpanA atizaya ke rUpa meM hI kI jAtI hai| lekina cAhe zvetAmbaraparamparA ho yA digambarapamparA, atizayoM kI yaha kalpanA tIrthaMkaroM ke vaiziSTya ko hI sUcita karane ke lie pracalita huI hai| phira cAhe yaha bAta tIrthaMkara ke sambandha meM satya ho, kintu mUrti ke sambandha meM satya nahIM hai| vaijJAnika satya yaha hai ki yadi mUrti nagna hai, to vaha nagna hI dikhAyI degii|" (vahI/ pR.64-65)| para, prazna yaha hai ki tIrthaMkara kI mUrti nagna hogI hI kyoM? jaba unakI nagnatA atizaya ke prabhAva se AcchAdita ho jAtI hai, taba mUrti meM nagnatA kA pradarzana kyoM kiyA jAyegA? jisa azobhanIya nagnarUpa ko AcchAdita karane ke lie atizaya kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, vaha azobhanIya rUpa jinapratimA meM pradarzita kyoM kiyA jAyegA? jinendra bhagavAn kI nagnatA dikhAyI nahIM detI, isalie unakI pratimA bhI aisI hI banAyI jAnI cAhie, jisameM nagnatA dikhAI na de| isa taraha mUrti anagna hogI, to anagna hI dikhAI degii| DaoNkTara sA0 ke tarka se aisA lagatA hai ki tIrthaMkara ke anagna dikhAI dene para bhI unakI mUrti apane-Apa nagna bana jAtI hai, isalie ve mUrti meM nagna hI dikhAyI dete haiN| kintu tIrthaMkara kI mUrti apane-Apa nahIM banatI, zilpI se banavAne para banatI hai| ataH yadi zilpI se anagna banavAyI jAya, to vaha anagna hI banegI aura taba vaha anagna hI dikhAyI degii| zvetAmbaramata meM strItIrthaMkara (mallI) kI dRSTi se bhI tIrthaMkara ke guhyAMgoM ke adRzya rahane kI kalpanA evaM unakI pratimA kA guhyAMgarahita banAyA jAnA aparihArya hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mathurA kI nagna jinapratimAoM ke nirmApaka zvetAmbarAcArya nahIM the, kyoMki yadi ve hote, to zvetAmbara-AgamoM ke anusAra ve anagna dikhAyI denevAle 'jina' kI anagna dikhAyI denevAlI hI pratimA bnvaate| ataH siddha hai ki ukta nagna jinapratimAoM ke nirmAtA ardhaphAlakasampradAya ke AcArya the| matharA kI ukta pratimAoM ke zvetAmbaroM dvArA nirmApita na hone kA dUsarA pramANa yaha hai ki unake pAdapITha meM mUrtita sAdhuoM kA veza zvetAmbarAgamoM meM varNita tatkAlIna sAdhuoM ke veza ke anurUpa nahIM hai| isakA bhI spaSTIkaraNa pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| use zvetAmbarasAdhuoM ke pUrvaja sAdhuoM kA veza nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki zvetAmbara-sampradAya kA udaya jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI ho gayA thaa| isake pramANa SaSTha adhyAya meM draSTavya haiN| 9.1. chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva bhI sabhI saMghoM ke mandira alaga-alaga the mathurA kI prAcIna pratimAoM ko zvetAmbara-pratimA siddha karane ke lie DaoNkTara sA0 kahate haiM ki chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva taka digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM eka For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 389 hI mandira meM nagna jinapratimAoM kI pUjA-upAsanA karate the| isakI puSTi ke lie unhoMne likhA hai-"paTanA ke lohAnIpura-kSetra se milI jinapratimA isa tathya kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki jainaparamparA meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 150 varSa pazcAt hI jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa prArambha ho gayA thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki IsavIpUrva tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa alaga-alaga pratimAoM kA nirmANa nahIM hotA thaa| zvetAmbaradigambara-paramparA ke bheda ke bAda bhI lagabhaga cAra sau sAla kA itihAsa yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve saba eka hI mandira meM pUjA-upAsanA karate the| halsI ke abhilekha se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vahA~ zvetapaTTamahAzramaNasaMgha, nirgrantha mahAzramaNasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha, tInoM hI upasthita the, kintu unake mandira aura pratimAe~ bhinna-bhinna nahIM the| rAjA ne apane dAna meM yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki isa grAma kI Aya kA eka bhAga jinendra-devatA ke lie, eka bhAga zvetapaTTamahAzramaNasaMgha hetu aura eka bhAga nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha ke hetu upayoga kiyA jaay| yadi unake mandira va mUrti bhinnabhinna hote, to aisA ullekha saMbhava nahIM hotaa|" ('zramaNa'/ julAI-disambara 2005 / pR.66)| DaoNkTara sA0 kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai| chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva bhI vibhinna jaina sampradAyoM ke dvArA apane-apane jinamandira banavAne tathA rAjAoM ke dvArA bhI banavAkara kisI eka sampradAya ko sauMpane kI prathA thii| I0 san 370 ke noNamaMgala-tAmrapatralekha (kra0 90) ke anusAra mRdukottUradeza ke pebbolallagrAma meM mUlasaMgha (nirgranthasaMgha) ne arhadAyatana (jainamandira) kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura use gaMgakula ke rAjA mAdhavavarmA ne bhUmi aura kumArapura grAma dAna kiyA thaa| (dekhiye, Age prakaraNa 4) / noNamaMgala ke hI 425 I0 ke tAmrapatralekha (kra0 94) meM kahA gayA hai ki AcArya candranandI jisake pramukha the, usa mUlasaMgha ke dvArA uranUra nAmaka sthAna meM arhadAyatana banavAyA gayA, jise rAjA koGgaNivarmA ne korikundadeza kA vennelkarani gA~va pradAna kiyA thaa| (dekhiye, Age prakaraNa 4) / lagabhaga 490 I0 ke halsI-abhilekha (kra0 103) meM likhA hai ki kadambarAjavaMza ke mahArAjA harivarmA ne siMhasenApati ke putra mRgeza dvArA palAzikA meM nirmApita arhadAyatana kI ASTAhnikapUjA evaM sarvasaMgha ke bhojana ke lie 'vasuntavATaka' nAmaka gA~va kUrcakoM ke vAriSeNAcAryasaMgha ke hAtha meM candrakSAnta ko pramukha banAkara dAna kiyA "mahArAjaH zrIharivarmA --- palAzikAyAM bhAradvAjasagotrasiMhasenApati-sutena mRgezena kAritasyAhadAyatanasya prativarSamASTAhnikamahAmaha-satataca (?) rUpalepana For Personal & Private Use Only

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390 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 kriyArthaM tadavaziSTaM sarvasaGghabhojanAyeti---kundUraviSaye vasuntavATaka---kUrcakAnAm vAriSeNAcAryasaGghahaste candrakSAntaM pramukhaM kRtvA dttvaan|" (halsI-abhilekha kra. 103/ jai.zi.saM./ mA.ca/ bhaa.2)| lagabhaga isI samaya ke devagiri-abhilekha (kra.105) meM kadambavaMza kI dUsarI zAkhA ke yuvarAja devavarmA ke dvArA triparvata ke Upara kA kucha kSetra arahanta bhagavAn ke caityAlaya ke bhagnasaMskAra ( marammata ), pUjA aura prabhAvanA ke lie yApanIyasaMgha ko dAna kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| yathA "--- devavarmayuvarAjaH --- arhataH bhagavataH caityAlayasya bhagnasaMskArArcanamahimA) yApanIya (sa)-vebhyaH siddhakedAre --- dvAdaza nivarttanAni kSetraM dttvaan|" (devagiri-abhilekha kra./ 105 / jai. zi. saM./ mA. c./bhaa.2)| isI prakAra san 488 I0 ke altema (kolhApura)-abhilekha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki cAlukya nareza jayasiMha ke sAmanta sendrakavaMzI sAMmiyAra ne alaktakanagara meM eka jinendrAyatana banavAyA aura usakI pUjA Adi ke lie yApanIyasaMgha ke kanakopalasambhUta-vRkSamUlagaNa ke AcArya jinanandI ko kucha bhUmi aura grAma dAna kiye| yathA __ "alaktAbhidhAnanagaryAM --- jinendrAyatanaM bhaktyAkArayat --- tanjinamandiropamakriye kSetraM dadau---kanakopalasambhUta-vRkSamUlagaNAnvaye --- jinanandyAcAryasUryAya nagarAMzata-labhogAMzca prddau|" (altema-abhilekha / kra.106 / jai.zi.saM./ mA.ca./ bhaa.2)| isI samaya ke yA isase kucha pUrva ke halsI-abhilekha (kra. 104) meM spaSTa likhA hai ki mahArAja harivarmA ne palAzikAnagara meM sthita caityAlaya kI pUjA, saMskAra (marammata) Adi ke lie 'marade' nAmaka grAma kA dAna kiyA thaa| vaha caityAlaya ahariSTi nAma ke zramaNasaMgha kI sampatti thA aura usa para AcArya dharmanandI kI AjJA calatI thI "zrI harivarmA---palAzikAdhiSThAne ahariSTi-samAhvaya-zramaNasaGghavastunaH dharmAnandyAcAryAdhiSThitaprAmANyasya caityAlayasya pUjAsaMskAranimittaM sAdhujanopayogArthaJca --- marade grAmaM dttvaan|" (halsI-abhilekha / kra. 104 / jai. zi. saM./ mA. ca./ bhaa.2)| a~garejI anuvAda-"--- the temple which was the property of the sect of Sramanas called Aharishti and the authority of which was superintended by the Acharya Dharmanandi." (Sanskrit And old Canarese Inscriptions, No. XXXVI, The Indian Antiquary, vol.VI-1877, p.32). Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 / pra0 1 purAtattva meM digambara- paramparA ke pramANa / 391 ina abhilekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki IsA kI chaThI zatI ke pahale bhI vibhinna jainasaMgha apane-apane pRthak mandira banavAte the aura rAjA-mahArAjA bhI jinamandira banavAkara kisI eka saMgha ko usakA adhikAra sauMpa dete the| mRgezavarmA ke halsI-abhilekha (kra.99 / 470 - 490 I0) meM kevala yaha ullekha hai ki usane zrIvijayapalAzikA meM eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA aura yApanIyoM, nirgranthoM tathA kUrcakoM ko bhUmidAna kiyA / usameM mandira kI vyavasthA kisI saMghavizeSa ke AcArya ko sauMpane kA nirdeza nahIM hai, tathApi pUrvokta udAharaNoM ko dekhate hue vaha jinAlaya ina tIna saMghoM meM se kisI na kisI saMgha ke AcArya ke adhikAra meM rahA hogA / ( abhilekha kA mUlapATha adhyAya 2 ke prakaraNa 6 meM draSTavya hai) / isI prakAra zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke devagiri - abhilekha (kra.98 ) meM pUrvanirmita jinamandira tathA zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha evaM nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha ko kAlavaMgagrAma kA ekaeka bhAga pradAna kiye jAne kA varNana hai, kintu ukta jinamandira para kisa saMgha kA adhikAra thA, isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / tathApi uparyukta udAharaNoM se siddha hai ki usakA bhI svAmitva zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha yA nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha ke hAtha meM rahA hogaa| jaba mUlasaMgha apane mandira alaga banA rahA ho, yApanIya, kUrcaka aura ahariSTi saMghoM ko rAjA-mahArAjA alaga- alaga mandira banavAkara sauMpa rahe hoM, jina para kevala unhIM saMghoM kI AjJA calatI ho, taba zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha, yadi mUrtipUjaka thA, to jinamandira alaga se na banavAye yA rAjAoM ke dvArA banavAkara use pradAna na kiye jAya~, aisA nahIM ho sakatA thA / mAnavasvabhAvagata sAmpradAyika pratispardhA kI daur3a meM aisA honA asaMbhava hai / ataH yadi tatkAlIna zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha mUrtipUjaka thA, to avazya hI usake bhI mandira pRthak rahe hoMge aura unameM zvetAmbara - Agama-kathita nirUpa ko pratibimbita karanevAlI jinapratimAe~ pratiSThApita kI gayI hoMgI / zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ne eka hI jinAlaya ko kAlavaMga grAma kA eka bhAga dAna meM diyA thA, isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki usa sthAna meM eka hI jinamandira thA / mandira to vahA~ donoM saMghoM ke rahe hoMge, kintu rAjA ne saMghoM meM to vahA~ upasthita donoM saMghoM ko dAna diyA thA, parantu mandiroM meM kevala usa thA, jisakA vaha svayaM anuyAyI thA / jisa saMgha kA vaha usakA vizeSa anurAga honA svAbhAvika thA / ina zilAlekhIya pramANoM se DaoNkTara sA0 kI yaha mAnyatA mithyA siddha hotI hai ki chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva digambara, zvetAmbara, yApanIya, kUrcaka Adi saMghoM ke mandira aura pratimAe~ bhinna-bhinna nahIM thIM / saMgha ke mandira ko diyA anuyAyI thA, usake prati For Personal & Private Use Only

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392 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra01 9.2. parasparavirodhI-mAnyatAvAloM kI eka hI mandira meM pUjA-upAsanA asaMbhava DaoNkTara sA0 kI uparyukta mAnyatA ayuktisaMgata evaM avyavahArya bhI hai| jina saMghoM ke sAdhuoM kA savastramukti, strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi kI mAnyatAoM ke samarthana aura virodha ke gaMbhIra matabheda ke kAraNa sAtha-sAtha rahanA dUbhara ho gayA thA, jinameM eka sAdhusaMgha tIrthaMkara mallinAtha ko strI mAnatA thA aura dUsarA puruSa, jo eka-dUsare ke AgamoM ko svakalpita batalAte the aura eka-dUsare ke mata ko mithyAmata, unakA kisI eka mandira meM pratidina pUjA-upAsanA karanA saMbhava nahIM thaa| kyoMki dhArmika virodhiyoM kA dhArmika sthala aura dhArmika kriyAoM meM dainika sAnnidhya dhArmika matabhedoM kI yAda dilAtA hai aura unheM prakaTa hone kA avasara detA hai, jisase vivAda aura kalaha avazyambhAvI hai| tathA sAmUhika mandira aura use dAna meM milI sampatti svAmitva ke saMgharSa ko janma detI hai, jo hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| isalie vibhakta hue virodhI sampradAya aise avasaroM ko TAlate haiM, arthAt apane pUjA-upAsanA ke sthAna bhI alaga kara lete haiN| ina sthAnoM ko alaga karanA kaThina nahIM hotaa| eka hI zrImanta anuyAyI yA bhakta rAjA saMghapramukha kA saMketa pAte hI nayA mandira khar3A kara detA hai| aise udAharaNa hama pUrvoddhRta abhilekhoM meM dekha cuke haiN| ataH IsA kI chaThI zatI ke pUrva vibhinna saMghoM ke sAmane aisI koI samasyA nahIM thI ki unheM kalahakAraNabhUta eka hI mandira meM pUjA-upAsanA ke lie majabUra honA pdd'taa| isalie DaoN0 sAgaramala jI tathA anya vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA ki chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva taka digambara aura zvetAmbara eka hI mandira meM pUjA-arcanA karate the, uparyukta zilAlekhIya pramANoM, sAmpradAyika manovijJAna evaM zrImantoM tathA rAjAoM ke mandira nirmANa sambandhI audAryapUrNa itihAsa ke viruddha hai| 9.3. pUrvakAla meM zvetAmbarasaMgha anagna-acela-jinapratimA kA pUjaka aba prazna uThatA hai ki jaba zvetAmbarasampradAya meM nagna jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa ho nahIM sakatA thA aura savastra pratimAoM kA nirmANa chaThI zatI I0 se zurU huA hai, taba usake pUrva ve kaisI pratimAoM kA pUjana karate the? DaoNkTara sA0 ne yahI prazna apane uparyukta lekha meM uThAyA hai| bIsavIM zatI I0 ke sthAnakavAsI-paramparA ke zvetAmbarAcArya hastImala jI ne aneka pramANoM se yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva zvetAmbarasaMgha meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana hI nahIM thaa| yadyapi ve amUrtipUjaka sthAnakavAsIparamparA ke the, tathApi unake tarka vicAraNIya haiN| (dekhiye, Age prakaraNa 3, zIrSaka 2) / uparyukta zilAlekhoM se bhI yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai ki chaThI zatI I0 ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra01 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 393 pUrva mUlasaMgha (nirgranthasaMgha) ne apane mandira banavAye aura yApanIya, kUrcaka tathA ahariSTi saMghoM ko rAjAoM ne mandira banavAkara diye, kintu zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha dvArA na to svayaM mandira banavAye jAne kA ullekha kisI zilAlekha meM hai, na hI kisI rAjA dvArA banavAkara use diye jAne kI carcA hai| isase zvetAmbarAcArya hastImala jI kI isa mAnyatA ko bala milatA hai ki chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva zvetAmbaraparamparA meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana nahIM thaa| tathApi merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva bhI zvetAmbaraparamparA meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana rahA hogA aura jinapratimA kA svarUpa bilakula vaisA hI rahA hogA, jaisA ki zvetAmbara-AgamoM meM 'jina' kA rUpa batalAyA gayA hai, arthAt guhyaaNgdrshnrhit| zvetAmbaramuni upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI ne giranAra-vivAda ke pUrva zvetAmbaraparamparA meM banAyI jAnevAlI jinapratimAoM kA svarUpa aisA hI batalAyA hai| (dekhiye, pUrvazIrSaka 2 evaM 3) / DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI pravacanaparIkSA ke kartA upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI ke kathana ko samIcIna mAnA hai| ve likhate haiM "pravacanaparIkSA meM upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI kA yaha kathana ki giranAra parvata ke svAmitva ko lekara jo vivAda uThA usake pUrva padmAsana kI jinapratimAoM meM na to nagnatva kA pradarzana hotA thA aura na vastracihna banAyA jAtA thA, samIcIna lagatA hai|" ('zramaNa'/ julAI-disambara 2005 / pR.65)| kintu DaoNkTara sA0 ne upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI ke kathana ko yathAvat prastuta nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne jinapratimAoM ke sAtha 'padmAsana' vizeSaNa jor3a diyA hai, jaba ki 'pravacanaparIkSA' meM padmAsana aura khaDgAsana kA bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai| usameM jinapratimAmAtra ke anagna aura aMcalikArahita banAye jAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai| ataH upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI ke kathanAnusAra khaDgAsana (kAyotsarga-mudrAmaya) jinapratimAe~ bhI anagna aura aMcalikArahita banAyI jAtI thiiN| (dekhiye, pAdaTippaNI 3, 4 evaM 5) / vastutaH padmAsanapratimA meM to nagnatva padmAsana ke hI kAraNa adRzya rahatA hai| nagnatva ko adRzya banAne kI AvazyakatA to khaDgAsana meM hI hotI hai| yadi DaoNkTara sA0 ne upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI ke kathana ko zvetAmbara-Agama-sammata hone ke kAraNa samIcIna mAnA hai, to unakA yaha kathana bhI samIcIna mAnanA hogA ki giranAra-vivAda ke pUrva khaDgAsanajinapratimAoM meM bhI nagnatva kA pradarzana nahIM hotA thA, kyoMki yaha kathana bhI zvetAmbaraAgamasammata hai| isa prakAra upAdhyAya dharmasAgara jI ke kathana se DaoNkTara sA0 ke isa prazna kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai ki chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva zvetAmbaraparamparA meM kaisI jinapratimAoM kI pUjA hotI thI? For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya prakaraNa digambara jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa kA itihAsa mohena-jo-dar3o kI jinapratimAe~ jaba hama nagnamudrAmaya digambara-jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa ke itihAsa para dRSTi DAlate haiM, taba vaha IsA se 2400 varSa pahale kI sindhughATIya sabhyatA para jAkara ThaharatI hai| san 1920 se 1927 taka sindhaprAnta (vartamAna pAkistAna) ke mohena-jo-dar3o nAmaka sthAna meM tathA pazcimI paMjAba (vartamAna pAkistAna) ke har3appA nAmaka sthAna meM kiye gaye utkhanana se atyanta prAcIna sabhyatA ke avazeSa mile haiM, jinameM jaina saMskRti ke avazeSa bhI haiN|2 mohena-jo-dar3o meM prApta avazeSoM kA kAla purAtattvavidoM ne IsA pUrva 2400 varSa ke Asa-pAsa Akalita kiyA hai| yahA~ ke utkhanana meM aisI mRnmudrAe~ (miTTI kI sIleM) prApta huI haiM, jina para kAyotsargamudrA meM nAsAgradRSTisahita dhyAna karate hue eka nagna yogI kI AkRti utkIrNa hai| suprasiddha purAtattvavid sva0 rAyabahAdura pro0 rAmaprasAda candA ne isakI jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI pratimA ke rUpa meM pahacAna kI hai| ve apane eka mahattvapUrNa-zodha Alekha meM likhate haiM "Not only the seated deities engraved on some of Indus Seals are in Yoga posture and bear witness to the prevalence of Yoga in the Indus Valley in the remote age, the standing deities on the Seals also show Kayotsarga posture of Yoga" (p.159). "The Kayotsarga (dedication of the body) posture is peculiarly Jaina. It is a posture, not of sitting, but of standing. In the Adipurana, Book XVIII, Kayotsarga posture is described in connection with the penances of Rsabha or Vrsabha, the first Jina of the Jinas" (p.158). "A standing image of Jina Rsabha in Kayotsarga posture on a stele showing four such images assignable to the second century A.D. in Curzon Museum of Archaeology, Mathura, is reproduced in Fig. 12. Among the Egyptian sculptures of the time of the early dynasties (III-VI) there are standing statues with arms hanging on two sides. But though these early Egyptian statues, and the archaic Greek Kouroi show nearly the same pose, they lack the feeling of abandon that characterizes the standing figures on 12. muni kAntasAgara : 'khaMDaharoM kA vaibhava' (dinakara : saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya / pR. 109 para ullekh)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra02 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 395 the Indus Seals and Images of Jinas in the Kayotsarga posture. The name Rsabha means bull, and the bull is the emblem of Jina Rsabha."(p.159) anuvAda "sindhughATI kI aneka sIloM meM utkIrNa devamUrtiyA~ na kevala baiThI huI yogamudrA meM haiM aura sudUra atIta meM sindhughATI meM yoga ke pracalana kI sAkSI haiM, apitu khar3I huI devamUrtiyA~ bhI haiM, jo kAyotsargamudrA ko pradarzita karatI haiN|" (pR. 159) / "kAryotsarga (deha-visarjana) mudrA vizeSatayA jaina mudrA hai| yaha baiThI huI nahIM, khar3I huI hai| 'AdipurANa' ke aThArahaveM adhyAya meM jinoM meM prathama-jina RSabha, yA vRSabha kI tapazcaryA ke prasaMga meM kAyotsargamudrA kA varNana huA hai|" (pR. 158) / "karjana myUjiyama oNpha ArkiolaoNjI, mathurA meM surakSita eka prastara-paTTa para utkIrNa cAra mUrtiyoM meM se eka RSabha jina kI khar3I huI mUrti kAyotsargamudrA meM hai (isa lekha kI AkRti 12) / yaha IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI kI hai| misra ke Arambhika rAjavaMzoM ke samaya kI zilpa-kRtiyoM meM bhI donoM ora hAtha laTakAye khar3I kucha mUrtiyA~ prApta haiN| yadyapi ina prAcIna misrI mUrtiyoM aura yUnAna kI kurAI mUrtiyoM kI mudrAe~ bhI vaisI hI haiM, tathApi vaha dehotsargajanita ni:saMgatA, jo sindhughATI kI sIloM para aMkita mUrtiyoM tathA kAyotsarga dhyAnamudrA meM lIna jinabimboM meM pAyI jAtI hai, inameM anupasthita hai| vRSabha kA artha hai baila aura yaha baila vRSabha yA RSabha jina kA cihna (pahacAna) hai|" (pR. 159) / 13 pro0 candA ke isa mata ko mAnyatA dete hue DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne likhA hai "unhoMne (pro0 candA ne) 6 anya muharoM para khar3I huI mUrtiyoM kI ora bhI dhyAna dilAyA hai| phalaka 12 aura 118 AkRti 7 (mArzalakRta moheMjodar3o) kAyotsarga nAmaka yogAsana meM khar3e hue devatAoM ko sUcita karatI hai| yaha mudrA jaina yogiyoM kI tapazcaryA meM vizeSarUpa se milatI hai, jaise mathurA-saMgrahAlaya meM sthApita tIrthaMkara zrI RSabha-devatA kI mUrti meN| RSabha kA artha hai baila, jo AdinAtha kA lakSaNa hai| muhara saMkhyA EG.H. phalaka do para aMkita devamUrti meM eka baila hI banA hai, saMbhava hai yaha RSabha kA hI pUrvarUpa ho| yadi aisA ho to zaivadharma kI taraha jainadharma kA mUla bhI tAmrayugIna sindhusabhyatA taka calA jAtA hai| isase sindhusabhyatA evaM aitihAsika 13. 'Sind Five Thousand Years Ago' by Ramprasad Chanda; Modern Review, Calcutta, August, 1932; pp. 158, 159. (elAcArya muni vidyAnanda : mohana-jo-daDo : jaina paramparA aura pramANa / AvaraNa pRSTha 4 se uddht)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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396 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra02 bhAratIya sabhyatA ke bIca kI khoI huI kar3I kA bhI eka ubhaya-sAdhAraNa sAMskRtika paramparA ke rUpa meM kucha uddhAra ho jAtA hai|" (hindUsabhyatA / pR. 23-24) / kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke bhUtapUrva prophesara zrI prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra bhI isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki sindhughATI meM prApta kAyotsarga-pratimAe~ tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI haiN| unhoMne mRnmudrAoM para aMkita lipi ko par3hane kA dAvA karate hue yaha bhI kahA hai ki sIla kramAMka 449 para 'jinezvara' zabda kA ullekha hai "It may also be noted that inscription on the indus seal No. 449 reads according to decipherment Jinesh." (Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. VIII, No. 250)15 vizruta vaidika vidvAn DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI ne bhArata kI do sAMskRtika dhArAoMvaidikadhArA aura zramaNadhArA ke pArasparika bheda kA vivecana karate hue likhA hai"RSi-sampradAya aura muni-sampradAya ke sambandha meM, saMkSepa meM, hama itanA hI kahanA cAhate haiM ki donoM kI dRSTiyoM meM hameM mahAn bheda pratIta hotA hai| jahA~ eka kA jhukAva (Age calakara) hiMsAmUlaka mAMsAhAra aura tanmUlaka asahiSNutA kI ora rahA hai, vahIM dUsarI kA ahiMsA tathA tanmUlaka nirAmiSatA tathA vicAra-sahiSNutA (athavA anekAntavAda) kI ora rahA hai| --- inameM se eka mUla meM vaidika aura dUsarI mUla meM prAgvaidika pratIta hotI hai|"16 isakA samarthana karate hue suprasiddha itihAsavid evaM rASTrakavi sva0 zrI rAmadhArIsiMha 'dinakara' likhate haiM-"isa anumAna kI puSTi isa bAta se bhI hotI hai ki mahaMjodaro kI khudAI meM yoga ke pramANa mile haiM aura jainamArga ke Adi tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva the, jinake sAtha yoga aura vairAgya kI paramparA usI prakAra lipaTI huI hai, jaise kAlAntara meM, vaha ziva ke sAtha samanvita ho gyii| isI dRSTi se kaI jaina vidvAnoM kA yaha mAnanA ayuktiyukta nahIM dIkhatA ki RSabhadeva, vedollikhita hone para bhI, veda-pUrva haiN|" (saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya / pR.33)| ___ 'dinakara' jI eka sthAna para aura likhate haiM-"RSabhadeva kI kRcchra sAdhanA kA mela Rgveda kI pravRttimArgI dhArA se nahIM baitthtaa| vedollikhita hone para bhI RSabhadeva veda-pUrva paramparA ke pratinidhi haiN| jaba Arya isa deza meM phaile, usase pahale hI yahA~ vairAgya, kRcchra sAdhanA, yogAcAra aura tapazcaryA kI prathA pracalita ho cukI thii| isa prathA kA eka vikAsa jainadharma meM huA aura dUsarA zaivadharma meN| RSabhadeva bhI yogirAja 14. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / pUrvapIThikA / pR.102 se uddhRt| 15. muni zrI pramANasAgarakRta 'jainadharma aura darzana' pRSTha 34 se uddhRt| 16. bhAratIya saMskRti kA vikAsa : vaidika dhArA / pR. 11-12 For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 / pra0 2 purAtattva meM digambara- paramparA ke pramANa / 397 ke rUpa meM abhihita hue haiN| unake yogayukta vyaktitva se zaMkara ke yogIrUpa kA kAphI sAmIpya hai| mahaMjodaro meM yoga-prathA sUcaka jo nizAna mile haiM, unakA sambandha jaina aura zaiva, donoM hI paramparAoM jor3A jA sakatA hai| "17 anya aneka suprasiddha itihAsakAroM evaM purAtattvajJoM ne isI prakAra ke vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| yathA zrI vAcaspati geraulA - " zramaNasaMskRti kA pravarttaka jainadharma prAgvaidika dharma hai| mohanajodar3o se upalabdha dhyAnastha yogiyoM kI mUrtiyoM kI prApti se jainadharma kI prAcInatA nirvivAda siddha hotI hai| vaidika yuga meM vrAtyoM aura zramaNa- jJAniyoM kI paramparA kA pratinidhitva bhI jainadharma ne hI kiyA hai| dharma-darzana, saMskRti aura kalA kI dRSTi se bhAratIya itihAsa meM jainoM kA vizeSa yoga rahA hai / 118 DaoN0 ema0 ela0 zarmA - " mohanajodar3o se prApta muhara para jo cihna aMkita hai, vaha bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA hai| yaha cihna isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki Aja se pA~ca hajAra varSa pUrva yogasAdhanA bhArata meM pracalita thI aura usake pravartaka jainadharma ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva the / sindhunivAsI anya devatAoM ke sAtha RSabhadeva kI pUjA karate the| 19 zrI vizvambhara sahAya premI - " zuddha aitihAsika dRSTi se yadi isa prazna para vicAra kareM to bhI yaha mAnanA hI par3atA hai ki bhAratIya sabhyatA ke nirmANa meM AdikAla se hI jainiyoM kA hAtha thA / mohanajodar3o kI mudrAoM meM jainatva-bodhaka cihnoM kA milanA tathA vahA~ kI yogamudrA ThIka jinamUrtiyoM ke sadRza honA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki taba jJAna aura lalita kalA meM jainI kisI se pIche nahIM the / 20 DaoN0 vizuddhAnanda pAThaka evaM paM0 jayazaMkara mizra - " vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki yaha dharma prAgaitihAsika aura prAgvaidika hai / sindhughATI kI sabhyatA se milI yogamUrti tathA Rgveda ke katipaya maMtroM meM RSabha tathA ariSTanemi jaise tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma isa vicAra ke mukhya AdhAra haiN| bhAgavata aura viSNupurANa meM milanevAlI jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI kathA bhI jainadharma kI prAcInatA vyakta karatI hai / 21 17. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya / pR.110 18. bhAratIyadarzana / pR.93 (muni zrI pramANasAgarakRta 'jainadharma aura darzana / pR. 35 se uddhRta) / 19. bhArata meM saMskRti aura dharma / pR.62 (muni zrI pramANasAgara : 'jainadharma aura darzana / pR. 35 se uddhRta) / 20. himAlaya meM bhAratIya saMskRti / pR. 47 (muni zrI pramANasAgara : 'jainadharma aura darzana' / pR. 35. se uddhRta) / 21. bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti / pR. 199 - 200 (muni zrI pramANasAgara : 'jainadharma aura darzana' pR. 35 se uddhRta) / For Personal & Private Use Only w

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398 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / pra02 zrI pI0 Ara0 dezamukha-"jainoM ke pahale tIrthaMkara sindhu sabhyatA se hI the| sindhujanoM ke deva nagna hote the| jaina logoM ne usa sabhyatA / saMskRti ko banAye rakhA aura nagna tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA kii|"22 suprasiddha digambara jainamuni AcArya vidyAnanda jI apane zodhapUrNa Alekha 'mohenajo-dar3o : jaina paramparA aura pramANa' meM likhate haiM-"jainadharma kI prAcInatA nirvivAda hai| prAcInatA ke isa tathya ko hama do sAdhanoM se jAna sakate haiM : purAtattva aura itihaas| jaina purAtattva kA prathama sirA kahA~ hai, yaha taya karanA kaThina hai, kyoMki mohana-jo-dar3o kI khudAI meM aisI kucha sAmagrI milI hai, jisane jainadharma kI prAcInatA ko Aja se kama se kama 5000 varSa Age dhakela diyA hai| sindhughATI se prApta mudrAoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa huA hai ki 'kAyotsargamudrA' jainoM kI apanI lAkSaNikatA hai| prApta mudrAoM kI tIna vizeSatAe~ haiM : kAyotsargamudrA, dhyAnAvasthA aura nagnatA (digmbrtv)| mohana-jo-dar3o kI sIloM para yogiyoM kI jo kAyotsargamudrA aMkita hai, usake sAtha vRSabha bhI hai| 'vRSabha' RSabhanAtha kA cihna hai" (pR. 11-12) / har3appA-jinapratimA har3appA ke utkhanana meM bhI jaina saMskRti ke cihna prApta hue haiN| vahA~ eka aisI mastakavihIna nagna mAnava-mUrti milI hai jo kAyotsargamudrA meM dhyAnastha hai|23 vaha lohAnIpura (paTanA, bihAra) meM prApta mauryakAlIna tIrthaMkara-pratimA se atyanta sAmya rakhatI hai| purAtattvavidoM ne use jaina tIrthaMkara kI pratimA mAnA hai| kendrIya purAtattva vibhAga ke bhUtapUrva mahAnidezaka zrI TI0 ena0 rAmacandran ne usakA gahana adhyayana kara siddha kiyA hai ki vaha Adya jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI pratimA hai| unhoMne apane vicAra HARAPPA AND JAINISM nAmaka zodhalekha meM vyakta kiye haiN|23 isa lekha kA anuvAda zrI jayabhagavAn jI eDavokeTa ne kiyA thA, jo anekAnta mAsika (varSa 14/kiraNa 6/janavarI 1957) meM prakAzita huA thaa| lekha ke mahattvapUrNa aMzoM kA anuvAda nIce prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| 22. iMDasa sivilijezana Rgveda eNDa hindU kalcara/ pR.344 (muni zrI pramANasAgara : 'jainadharma _ aura darzana'/ pR. 37 se uddhRt)| 23. dekhie , isI adhyAya ke anta meM vistRta sndrbh| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 / pra0 2 purAtattva meM digambara - paramparA ke pramANa / 399 har3appA aura jainadharma zrI TI0 ena0 rAmacandran " sindhughATI sabhyatA ke mahAn smRticihna usakI prastara - kalAkRtiyA~ haiM / aba ta har3appA se 13 mUrtiyA~ prakAza meM AyI haiM, jinameM do suprasiddha aura bahucarcita laghupratimAe~ bhI haiM / ina do laghupratimAoM ne prAcIna bhAratIyakalA sambandhI Adhunika mAnyatAoM meM eka krAnti lA dI hai| ye donoM pratimAe~ U~cAI meM 4 iMca se bhI kama haiM aura mastakahasta-pAda- vihIna puruSa - kabandha ke rUpa meM haiN| donoM meM grIvA aura kandhoM ke sthAna para alaga se banAe hue mastaka aura bAhu jor3ane ke lie randhra bane hue haiN| ye donoM mUrtiyA~ 2400 se 2000 IsApUrva kI A~kI gayI haiN| inameM eka pratimA nartaka kI hai, dUsarI yathAjAta-nagna-mudrAvAle eka sudRr3hakAya yuvA kI hai| " nartakapratimA itanI sajIva aura navIna hai ki yaha mohenajodar3o - kAlIna mUrtiyoM ke nirjIva vidhividhAnoM se nitAnta achUtI hai| yaha bhI nagna mudrAdhArI mAlUma hotI hai| isase isa sujhAva ko samarthana milatA hai ki yaha uttarakAlIna naTarAja arthAt nAcateziva kA prAcIna pratirUpa hai| sabhI kalAvizeSajJoM kA mata hai ki vizuddha sAdagI aura sajIvatA kI apekSA yUnAnI kalAyuga se pahale koI bhI aisI mUrti nirmita nahIM huI, jisakI tulanA ina do mahattvazAlI mUrtiyoM se kI jA sake / " nagnamudrAdhArI taruNa kI prastaramUrti bhI prAcIna bhAratIya kalA ke isa maulika tathya kI sAkSI hai ki bhAratIya kalA kA vikAsa akRtrima prakRti se utanA hI susambaddha hai, jitanA ki apane sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa aura lokottara Adarzo se / yaha kalA AdhyAtmika guNoM evaM racanAtmaka zaktiyoM se sampanna aisI divyatA kI pratIka hai, jo bAhara vikIrNa na hokara antarmukha zAnti kA sampAdana karatI hai / vAstava meM yahI vaha tattva hai jisakI abhivyakti hama jainoM ke upAsyadeva tIrthaMkaroM meM pAte haiM, jisake kAraNa maisUra pradeza ke zravaNabelagola, kArakala aura veNUra meM sthita unakI pratimAe~ logoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa karatI haiN| apanI samasta indriyoM ke vyApAra kA mana-vacana-kAya kI gupti dvArA niyantraNa kiye hue, apanI samasta vibhUtiyoM aura sRSTikAraka zaktiyoM kA ahiMsA evaM komala sUtra dvArA vazIkaraNa kiye hue aura RtuoM kI kaTutAoM ke prati apane kAyika aGgopAGgoM kA vyutsarga kiye hue maisUra pradeza ke zravaNabelagola - sthita bAhubalI kI mahAn mUrti ke samAna jaina tIrthaMkaroM aura jaina santoM kI sabhI mUrtiyA~ apane purAtana aura nirgrantha yathAjAta nagnarUpa meM mAnava-mAnava ko yaha dezanA kara rahI haiM ki ahiMsA hI samasta mAnavI duHkhoM ke nivAraNa kA eka mAtra upAya hai| ye 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH ' kA sAkSAt pATha par3hA rahI haiM / sudRr3ha For Personal & Private Use Only

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400 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra02 "har3appA kI mUrti ke uparyukta guNaviziSTa-mudrA meM hone ke kAraNa yadi hama use jainatIrthaMkara athavA khyAti prApta tapomahimAyukta jaina santa kI pratimA kaheM, to isameM kucha bhI asatya na hogaa| yadyapi isake nirmANakAla 2400-2000 IsApUrva ke viSaya meM kucha purAtattvajJoM dvArA sandeha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, parantu isakI sthApatyazailI meM koI bhI aisI bAta nahIM hai jo ise mohena-jo-dar3o kI mRnmaya mUrtiyoM evaM vahA~ kI utkIrNa moharoM para aMkita bimboM se pRthak kara ske| isa sthala para isa mUrtisambandhI sara maurTimara hvIlara ke vicAra, jo INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION (CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF INDIA. 1953) ke pRSTha 66 para prakAzita huye haiM, uddhRta karane yogya haiM "ina donoM mUrtiyoM meM, jo apane upalabdha rUpa meM cAra iMca se bhI kama U~cAIvAle puruSAkAra kabandha haiM, aisI sajIvatA aura ullAsa bharA hai, jo Upara varNita racanAoM meM tanika bhI dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| inakI ye vizeSatAe~ itanI svastha aura paripuSTa haiM ki abhI inheM siMdhuyuga kI kahane aura siddha karane meM kucha Apatti sI dIkha par3atI hai| durbhAgya se ve vaidhAnika upAya, jo inake anveSakoM dvArA prayukta hue haiM, utkhAta bhUmi ke vibhinna staroM kI gaharAI sambandhI tathyoM ke santoSajanaka sabUta prApta karAne meM aparyApta rahe haiM aura unakA yaha kathana ki ina mUrtiyoM meM se eka nartaka kI mUrti har3appA ke anna-bhaNDAravAle stara se prApta huI aura dUsarI usI ke samIpavartI sthAna ke lagabhaga 4 phuTa 10 iMca nIcevAle stara se milI, bAhya hastakSepakI saMbhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa nahIM krtaa| ina mUrtiyoM ko uttarakAlIna kahanA bhI kaThinAI se khAlI nahIM hai| yaha saMdeha tabhI dUra ho sakatA hai, jaba adhika anveSaNoM dvArA isa kSetra ke vibhinna staroM se prApta vastuoM kA samucita abhilekhoM kI sahAyatA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jaave|" __ "zrI hvIlara kI antima TippaNI se yaha spaSTa hai ki ina mUrtiyoM ko uttarakAlIna kahanA utanA hI kaThina hai, jitanA ki inheM IsApUrva tIsarI sahasrAbdI kA na khnaa| isa taraha donoM pakSoM kI yuktiyA~ samakakSaM haiN| Aiye, aba hama ina mUrtiyoM ke svAzrita (Subjective) aura parAzrita (Objective) mahattva kI jA~ca kreN| isake svAzrita mahattva kA adhyayana to hama pahale hI kara cuke haiN| yaha eka sIdhe khar3e hue nagna devatA kI pratimA hai, jisake kandhe pIche ko Dhale hue haiM aura isake sApha-suthare race avayava aisA vyakta karate haiM ki isa Dhale piNDa ke bhItara cetanA eka suvyavasthita aura susaMyata krama se kAma kara rahI hai| jananendriya kI sthiti saMyamabhAva ko isa taraha pradarzita kara rahI hai ki indriyavijayI 'jina' kI avadhAraNA kA anAyAsa hI AbhAsa ho jAtA hai| isake mukAbale meM mohena For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra02 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 401 jodar3o kI IsApUrva tIsarI sahasrAbdI kI usa utkIrNa muhara kA adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai, jisa para gaiMDA, bhaiMsA, siMha, cItA, hAthI Adi pazuoM, pakSiyoM aura manuSyoM ke bIca meM dhyAnastha baiThe hue rudra-pazupati-mahAdeva kI mUrti racanAtmaka sphUrti kI UrdhvamukhI preraNA ko vyakta karatI huI Urdhva-retas-mudrA meM aMkita hai| mohena-jodar3o kI muhara para aMkita devatA ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA Rgveda kI nimna RcAoM se pUrNatayA hotI hai brahmA devAnAM padavIH kavInAmRSirviprANAM mahiSo mRgaannaam| zyeno gRdhrANAM svadhitirvanAnAM somaH pavitramatyeti rebhn|| 9/9/66 // anuvAda-"devatAoM meM brahmA, kaviyoM meM netA, viproM meM RSi, pazuoM meM bhaiMsA, pakSiyoM meM bAja, zastroM meM kulhAr3A, soma pavitra (chalanI) meM se gAtA huA jAtA hai|" tridhA baddho vRSabho roravIti mahodevo maanaavivesh|| 4/58/3 // 24 anuvAda-"mana-vacana-kAya tInoM yogoM se saMyata vRSabha ne ghoSaNA kI ki mahAdeva maryo meM AvAsa karatA hai|" ___ "rudraH pshuunaamdhiptiH|" anuvAda-"rudra pazuoM kA adhipati arthAt adhinAyaka va preraka hai|" "mohena-jo-dar3o vAlI muhara ke uparyukta RgvedIya vivaraNa ke prakAza meM isa vicAraNIya nagna mUrti kI Rgveda ke mAdhyama se pahacAna karanA AsAna hogaa| "isa nibandha kA lekhaka jaba maI, jUna, julAI 1956 ke mahInoM meM eka purAtAttvika gaveSaNAdala ko aphagAnistAna le jA rahA thA, to use yUanacvAMga (600-654 I0 san) ke una yAtrAvRttAntoM kI sacAI kI jA~ca karane ke lie aneka avasara prApta hue , jo aphagAnistAna tathA anyasthAna-sambandhI vividha vaijJAnika aura mAnavIya upayoga kI bAtoM se bharapUra haiN| usane hosinA, gajanI va gajanA, hajArA va hosala ke jo vivaraNa diye haiM, ye bar3e hI mahattva ke haiN| vaha kahatA hai ki vahA~ bahuta se buddhatara tIrthika haiM jo 'kSuna' deva kI pUjA karate haiN| jo koI usa nagna devatA kI zraddhA se ArAdhanA 24. "yajurveda ke puruSa sUkta 31-17 meM kahA gayA hai ki 'tanmaya'sya devatvamajAnamagre' arthAt usa AdipuruSa vRSabha ne sabase pahile martyadazA meM devatva kI prApti kii| svayaM devatva kI prApti karake hI usane ghoSaNA kI thI ki mahAdevatva maryoM meM hI AvAsa karatA hai| maryoM se bAhara kahIM aura devatva kI kalpanA karanA vyartha hai| inhI zrutiyoM ke AdhAra para IzA0 upa0 meM kahA gayA hai-'IzAvAsyamidaM sarvaM yatkiJca jagatyAM jagat' arthAt jagat meM jitane bhI jIva haiM, ve saba Izvara ke AvAsa haiN|" anuvaadk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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402 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra02 karate haiM, unakI abhilASAe~ pUrI ho jAtI haiN| dUra aura nikaTavartI sabhI sthAnoM ke jana unake prati bahuta adhika bhakti kA pradarzana karate haiN| choTe aura bar3e sabhI samAnarUpa se usakA darzana pAkara dhArmika utsAha se bhara jAte haiN| ve tIrthika apane mana, vacana aura kAya kA saMyama karake svargIya AtmAoM se una pavitra mantroM kA lAbha karate haiM, jinake dvArA ve Adhi-vyAdhiyoM kI rokathAma aura rogiyoM kI cikitsA karate haiN| kSunadeva (zuna athavA ziznadeva) saMbhavataH ve tIrthaMkara athavA unake anuyAyI the, jinhoMne ahiMsA-sandeza ke lie suvikhyAta jainadharma ke siddhAntoM ko prakAzita kiyaa| "yUanacvAMga ke yAtrAvRttAnta aphagAnistAna taka meM jainadharma ke prasAra kI sAkSI dete haiN| buddha bhagavAn kI jIvanacaryA ke adhyayana se patA lagatA hai ki unake virodhI chaha mahAn tIrthika the : pUrNakazyapa, ajitakeza, gozAla, kAtyAyana, nigraMtha-nAthaputra aura sNjy| ukta tAlikA meM gozAla AjIvikapantha kA pravartaka gozAla hai aura nirgranthanAthaputra 24 veM jainatIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA nAma hai| isa prakAra yUanaccAMga ke diye hue 'kSunadeva' ke vRttAnta se spaSTa hai ki vaha saMbhavataH nagna jaina tIrthaMkara kI ora hI saMketa kara rahA hai| tIrthika zabda bhI tIrthaMkara kA hI dyotaka hai| aphagAnistAna meM jainadharma ke prasAra kI bAta niHsandeha eka naI khoja hai| 'kSuna' zabda (saMbhavataH 'zuna', 'zina') 'ziznadeva' kA hI rUpAntara hai| jaba hama Rgveda ke kAla kI ora dekhate haiM to hameM patA lagatA hai ki Rgveda do sUktoM meM 'zizna' zabda dvArA nagna devatAoM kI ora saMketa karatA hai| ina sUktoM meM ziznadevoM se arthAt nagnadevoM se yajJoM kI surakSA ke lie indra kA AhvAna kiyA gayA hai na yAtava indra jUjuvurno na vandanA zaviSTha vedyaabhiH| sa zardhadaryo viSuNAsya jantormA ziznadevA api gurRtaM nH|| 7/21/5 // anuvAda- "he indra! he zaktimAn deva! na to duSTAtmAoM ne hameM apane kucakroM se prerita kiyA hai, na rAkSasoM ne| hamArA saccA deva hamAre zatruoM ko vaza meM kre| ziznadeva hamAre pavitra yajJa ke samIpa na aaveN|" sa vAjaM yAtApaduSpadA yantsvarSAtA pari ssdtsnissyn| anarvA yacchatadurasya vedo naJchiznadevA~ abhi varpasA bhuut||10/99/3|| anuvAda-"vaha (indra) atyanta zubha mArga se yuddha ke lie jAtA hai| usane svarga ke prakAza ko jItane ke lie kaThina parizrama kiyA, use pAne ko vaha bahuta utsuka thaa| usane cAlAkI se ziznadevoM ko mArakara zatadvAroMvAle durga kI nidhi para adhikAra kara liyaa|" For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 / pra0 2 purAtattva meM digambara - paramparA ke pramANa / 403 zrI mekaDaoNnala apanI pustaka VEDIC MYTHOLOGY ke pRSTha 155 para kahate ki ziznadeva kI pUjA Rgveda ke dhArmika vicAroM ke viruddha rahI hogI, kyoMki indra se prArthanA kI gaI hai ki vaha ziznadevoM ko yajJoM ke pAsa phaTakane na de| Rgveda meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki indra ne jaba corI se zatadvAroMvAle durga meM nidhikoSoM ko dekhA, taba usane ziznadevoM kA vadha kara diyA aura una para kabjA kara liyA / "ye donoM RcAe~ hamAre sAmane isa sacAI ko vyakta kara detI haiM ki har3appA kI nagnamUrti meM hama sambhavataH jainatIrthaMkara ke usa viziSTa kAyotsargamudrA meM darzana kara rahe haiM, jo Age calakara zravaNabelagola, kArakala, veNUra Adi kI jina pratimAoM meM amara banA dI gayI / "kisI ko Azcarya ho sakatA hai ki uttarakAlIna tIrthaMkara - pratimAoM meM jaisI kAyotsargamudrA nirmita huI hai, vaisI kyA mohena-jo-dar3o aura har3appA ke kAla (tIna hajAra varSa IsApUrva ) meM banAyI jA sakatI thI? nizcitarUpa se banAyI jA sakatI thI, kyoMki jainoM ke mUlasiddhAnta 'ahiMsA' kI siddhi ke lie Avazyaka pUrNa nagnatA kA avalambana aura bAhyapadArthoM se rAgadveSa kA parityAga aisI hI mudrA kI ora le jA sakate haiN| yahI vaha mudrA hai jise hama har3appA kI uparyukta pratimA meM pAte hai| isa prakAra uparyukta vicAradhArA atiprAcInakAla se avicchinnarUpa meM calI A rahI hai| isa mUrti meM eka bhI aisI zailpika vizeSatA nahIM hai jo hamArI ukta dhAraNA ko saMdigdha banA sake, yA hameM bhrAnta kara ske| isake atirikta isa mUrti kI nagnamudrA vedokta mahAdeva - rudra - pazupati kI usa Urdhvaretas- mudrA se, jo mohena-jodar3o kI muhara para aMkita hai, bilakula bhinna hai / 25 " vRSabhadeva nagna avasthA meM rahate the, yaha eka nirvivAda lokaprasiddha satya hai, kyoMki pUrNa nagnatA mAnasika pavitratA ke lie anivArya hone ke kAraNa jainadharma kA mUla siddhAnta hai| isaliye yaha mUrti, jisakA vivaraNa Upara diyA gayA hai, prAcInatama jaina saMskRti kA eka sundara gauravapUrNa pratIka hai / 26 DaoN0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne bhI har3appA se prApta uparyukta pratimA ko tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI pratimA mAnA hai| unakA mata hai ki paTanA ke pAsa lohAnIpura se prApta tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI mUrti bhArata kI sabase prAcIna mUrti hai| har3appA kI nagna mUrti aura isa jaina mUrti meM samAnatA hai| inakI vizeSatA hai yoga mudrA / 27 25. dekhie, Cambridge History of India, 1953, plate XXIII. 26. dekhie, mUla lekha (a~grejI bhASA meM) isI adhyAya ke anta meM 'vistRta sandarbha' ke antargata / 27. 'da iMDasa velI sivilijezana eNDa RSabhadeva': vI0 jI0 naiyara / pR. 1 ('muni zrI pramANasAgara : jainadharma aura darzana / pR. 36 se uddhRta) / For Personal & Private Use Only w

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404 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / pra0 2 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina likhate haiM- "jahA~ taka mUrtinirmANa, AkRti va bhAvAbhivyaMjana ke AdhAra para tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai, usa para se lohAnIpura kI mastakahIna nagna mUrti va har3appA prApta mastakahIna nagna mUrti meM bar3A sAmya pAyA jAtA hai aura pUrvottara paramparA ke AdhAra se har3appA kI mUrti vaidika va bauddha mUrtipraNAlI se sarvathA visadRza va jainapraNAlI ke pUrNatayA anukUla siddha hotI hai / "28 DaoN0 yU0 pI0 zAha kA kathana hai ki har3appA meM upalabdha mastakavihIna pratimA yadyapi lohAnIpura- jinapratimA se Azcaryajanaka sAmya rakhatI hai, tathApi usameM donoM kandhoM ke sAmane do golAkAra bar3e chidra haiM, jo abhI taka upalabdha kisI bhI jinapratimA meM nahIM haiN| ataH saMbhava hai ki vaha kisI prAcIna yakSa kI pratimA ho / 29 kintu kandhoM ke sAmane golAkAra chidroM kA honA prAcIna yakSapratimA kA lakSaNa hai, isakA koI pramANa nahIM hai| DaoN0 zAha ne ukta pratimA kA lohAnIpura kI. jinapratimA se Azcaryajanaka sAmya to svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu aisI kisI prAcIna yakSapratimA kA udAharaNa nahIM diyA, jisake sAtha usakA vaisA hI sAmya ho / ataH spaSTa hai ki unhoMne binA kisI pramANa ke hI usake yakSapratimA hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai| yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki ukta pratimA ke kaNThapradeza meM bhI golAkAra bRhad chidra hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha har3appAyuga meM pratimAnirmANa kI eka zailI thI / arthAt kaNThabhAga aura kandhoM meM chidra banAkara unameM alaga se mastaka aura hAtha jor3e jAte the| ukta pratimA ke kandhe TUTe nahIM hai, apitu akhaNDa haiM, isase bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki hAtha usase TUTakara alaga nahIM hue haiM, apitu usameM bane hue chidroM meM yA to pha~sAye nahIM gaye haiM, yA unase nikalakara alaga ho gaye haiM / ataH pratimA meM ukta chidroM kA honA usake jinapratimA hone meM bAdhaka nahIM hai| isake atirikta pratimA meM do hI bhujAoM ke lie sthAna honA, adhika ke lie na honA tathA zarIra kA sarvathA nagna honA, kahIM bhI vastra, AbhUSaNa yA zastrAdi kA koI cihna na honA bhI isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki vaha sarvaparigraha - mukta vItarAga yogI kI pratimA hai, kisI saMsArI manuSya yA viSayasukhAsakta devayoni ke jIva kI nahIM / 28. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna / pR. 342 / 29. "The mutilated red-Stone Statuette from Harappa assigned to the chalcolithic age is surprisingly analogous in style to the Mauryan torso of Jin figure from Lohanipur, Bihar, but has in addition two large circular depression on shoulder-fronts unlike any Jaina sculpture discovered hitherto. Very probably it represents some ancient yaksa." Dr. U.P. Shah: Studies in Jaina Art, p.4, also see p.41. For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a05 / pra0 2 purAtattva meM digambara- paramparA ke pramANa / 405 yaha saMbhava hai ki yakSapUjA sindhusamyatA - jitanI prAcIna ho, kintu lohAnIpurajinapratimA se atyanta sAmya rakhane vAlI ukta pratimA yakSa kI hai, yaha siddha nahIM hotaa| jinapratimA se sAmya rakhane ke kAraNa vaha jinapratimA hone kI hI gavAhI detI hai| isa prakAra mohena-jo-dar3o aura har3appA se prApta kAyotsarga-mudrAmaya nagna jinapratimAoM se pramANita hai ki savastramukti - niSedhaka nirgrantha (digambara jaina ) paramparA IsA se 3000 varSa pahale vidyamAna thI / 3 kaliMga - jinapratimA 30 IsA se 170 varSa pUrva kaliMga (ur3IsA) meM mahAmeghavAhana khAravela nAmaka jaina rAjA huA thaa| usane khaNDagiri - udayagiri (kumaragiri aura kumArIgiri) nAmaka pahAr3iyoM para muniyoM kI dhyAna-sAdhanA ke lie aneka guphAe~ banavAI thiiN| unameM se hAthIgumphA nAmaka guphA meM rAjA khAravela kA eka zilAlekha hai, jisameM likhA hai usane magadha para AkramaNa kara vahA~ ke rAjA vRhaspatimitra ( puSyamitra) 31 se apane pairoM kI vandanA karavAI aura kaliMgajina ( bhagavAn RSabhadeva ) kI usa pratimA ko vApisa le AyA, jise nandarAja ( nandivarddhana ) 32 uThAkara le gayA thA / lekha kA vaha aMza isa prakAra hai " mAgadhAnAM ca vipulaM bhayaM janeto hathI sugaMgIya pAyayati / mAgadhaM ca rAjAnaM bahasa- timitaM ca pAde vaMdAyati / naMdarAjanItaM ca kaliMgajinaM saMnivesaM gaharatanAni paDihArehiM aMgamAgadhavasuM ca neyAti / " 33 saMskRta chAyA--" mAgadhAnAM ca vipulaM bhayaM janayan hastinaH sugAGgeyaM prApayati / mAgadhaM ca rAjAnaM bRhaspatimitraM pAdau vandayati / nandarAjanItaM ca kaliGgajinasannivezaM --- gRharatnAni pratihArai: aMgamAgadhavasUni ca nAyayati / " 30. zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla : zrIkhAravela - prazasti aura jainadharma kI prAcInatA ('anekAnta / varSa 1 / kiraNa 4 / vI.ni.saM. 2456 / pR. 242 ) / 31. zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ke anusAra vRhaspatimitra saMbhavataH puSyamitra ke ATha beToM meM se thA aura magadha kA prAntIya zAsaka thA / ( vahI / pR. 242 ) / 32. vahI / pR. 242 / 33. candrakAntabAlI zAstrI : khAravela prazasti : punarmUlyAMkana / pR. 14 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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406 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra02 anuvAda-"khAravela ne magadhavAsiyoM ko atyanta bhayabhIta karate hue hAthiyoM ko sugAMgeya (prAsAda) para pahu~cAyA aura magadha ke rAjA bRhaspatimitra se apane pairoM kI vandanA karAyI tathA nandarAja dvArA le jAyI gayI kaliMga-jina kI pratimA evaM gRharatna Adi aMga-magadha ke dhana ko le aayaa|" yaha nandarAja nandavaMza kA dvitIya samrAT thaa| isakI aitihAsika tithi para prakAza DAlate hue DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jI jaina likhate haiM "mahAvIra saMvat 60 (I0 pU0 467) meM magadha meM eka naye vaMza kA prAraMbha huA, jise naMdavaMza kahate haiM aura jo lagabhaga 150 yA 155 varSa paryanta sattArUr3ha rhaa| --- isa navIna vaMza ke prathama samrATa kA nAma bhinna-bhinna anuzrutiyoM meM zizunAga, kAkavarNa, kAlAzoka, nandivardhana, avantivardhana, vrAtyanandI, mahAnandI Adi milatA hai, jisameM kaI eka vibhinna nAmoM kA samIkaraNa kara diyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki usakA nAma vrAtyanandI zizunAga thA aura vaha pUrva nareza kA putra Adi na hokara koI dUra kA sambandhI thA, kintu thA mUla zaizunAga vaMza se hI smbndhit| DaoN0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ko paTanA ke nikaTa usakI eka mUrti bhI milI thI, jisa para unhoMne 'vAttA' yA 'vrAtyanandI' zabda par3hA thaa| yaha nAma usake vrAtyakSatriya hone kA samarthaka hai aura zizunAga nAma zreNika ke vaMza se usake sambandhita hone kaa| nyAyya uttarAdhikArI na hone se nandI nAma vaMzaparivartana kA sUcaka huaa| vaha aura usake vaMzaja pUrva-nandoM ke nAma se bhI prasiddha haiN| usane 18 varSa paryanta (I0 pU0 449 taka) rAjya kiyA pratIta hotA hai| magadha sAmrAjya kI ekatA, vistAra evaM zakti usake samaya meM pUrvavat banI rhii| "isakA uttarAdhikArI nandivardhana kAkavarNa kAlAzoka thaa| I0 pU0 449-407 taka 42 varSa usane rAjya kiyaa| vaha isa vaMza kA sarvamahAn aura pratApI nareza thaa| mahAvIra saMvat 103 (I0 pU0 424) meM usane kaliMga kI vijaya kI thI aura usa rASTra ke iSTadevatA kaliMga-jina (yA agrajina, arthAt tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva) kI mUrti ko vaha vahA~ se uThA lAyA thA aura use usane apanI rAjadhAnI meM sthApita kiyA thaa| khAravela ke hAthIguphA-zilAlekha se yaha tathya prakaTa hai| --- __ "usake uparAnta usakA putra mahAnandin rAjA huA, jisane lagabhaga 40 varSa rAjya kiyaa| yaha bhI apane pitA ke samAna zaktizAlI evaM pratApI nareza thaa|--- mahAnandin ke uparAnta magadha meM phira eka gharelU rAjyakrAnti huii| --- isa paristhiti kA lAbha uThAkara eka sAhasI evaM catura yuvaka mahApadma ne rAjya-siMhAsana hastagata kara liyaa| usake anya nAma sarvArthasiddhi aura ugrasena (yUnAnI lekhakoM kA egremeja) For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 / pra0 2 purAtattva meM digambara- paramparA ke pramANa / 407 milate haiM / kucha loga bhrama se use dhanAnanda yA ghanAnanda bhI kaha dete haiM, kintu yaha nAma usakA nahIM varan usake jyeSTha putra yuvarAja hiraNyagupta yA harigupta kA aparanAma rahA pratIta hotA hai / isakA vaMza uttarananda yA navananda - vaMza kahalAtA hai| usake ATha putra the aura kyoMki apane antima varSoM meM usane rAjyakArya apane una dhanAnanda Adi putroM ko hI sauMpa diyA thA, isa kAraNa bhI isa vaMza ke lie navananda nAma prayukta hotA hai| I0 pU0 363 meM mahApadma ne rAjya hastagata kiyA thA aura lagabhaga 34 varSa rAjya karane ke uparAnta I0 pU0 329 meM usane rAjya kArya se prAyaH avakAza le liyA thA aura rAjyakArya apane dhanAnanda Adi ATha putroM ko saMyuktarUpa meM sauMpa diyA thA, kintu sarvakArya usake hI nAma se calatA thA / bAraha varSa paryanta yaha vyavasthA cAlU rahI, anta meM I0 pU0 317 ke lagabhaga cANakya evaM candragupta ke kauzala se nandavaMza kA patana huA aura mauryavaMza kI sthApanA huI / " ( bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi / pR.62-65) / isa prakAra naMdarAja yA nandivardhana ne kaliMga - jinapratimA kA apaharaNa I0 pU0 424 meM kiyA thA, jisase siddha hotA hai ki usakA nirmANa 'kaliMgajina' nAma se prasiddha hone ke lie kama se kama 50 varSa pUrva arthAt 475 I0 pU0 meM to huA hI hogA / aura usake digambara- pratimA hone meM bhI koI sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki usakA nirmANa candragupta maurya ke astitvakAla se kAphI pahale huA thA, jaba ki zvetAmbara - zailI kI prAcIna jinapratimAoM (jo na nagna hotI thIM, na savastra) kA nirmANa zvetAmbara - sAhitya ke anusAra sarvaprathama samrAT samprati ( I0 pU0 223 - 215) ne karAyA thA 34 jo candragupta maurya ke pautra azoka kA pautra thA / samprati ke viSaya meM AcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai ki usane sAre jambUdvIpa meM jainamandira banavAye the / 35 vRhatkalpabhASya meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai| 36 isake atirikta khaNDagiri - udayagiri, paramparA se digambarajainoM kA hI tIrthakSetra rahA hai aura usameM 12 vIM zatAbdI I0 taka nagna jinapratimAoM kA hI nirmANa hotA AyA hai / guphAoM kI dIvAroM para padmAsana aura kAyotsarga donoM mudrAoM meM nagna jinabimba hI utkIrNa haiM, jaba ki nagnatvarahita ( puruSacihnarahita ) athavA devadUSyayukta yA 34. dekhie, isI adhyAya kA prakaraNa 1 / zIrSaka 2 / pravacanaparIkSA / gAthA 69 / 35. cimanalAla jaicaMda zAha : uttarabhArata meM jainadharma / pRSTha 125 / 36. "The Mauryan ruler Samprati is hailed by traditions as a great patron of the Jainas and builder of numerous (Jaina) temples. No archaeological evidence is however available to day. " Brhat-kalpa - Bhasya, Vol. III, gathas 3285-89, pp. 917-21. (Dr. U.P. Shah Studies in Jaina Art, p.6). For Personal & Private Use Only w

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408 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra02 aMcalikAyukta jinapratimA ke kahIM darzana nahIM hote, na hI aisI koI jinapratimA vahA~ hai, jo na nagna ho, na svstr| yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki khaNDagiri-udayagiri Arambha se hI digambara-paramparA kA tIrthakSetra rahA hai, ata eva kaliMga-jina-pratimA kA bhI digambara-pratimA honA sunizcita hai| isakI puSTi anya pramANoM se bhI hotI hai| unakA saMketa 75 varSa pUrva likhe gaye lekha meM bAbU choTelAla jI jaina ne kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM-"isa 2100 varSa ke prAcIna jaina zilAlekha se spaSTa patA calatA hai ki magadhAdhipati puSyamitra ke pUrvAdhikArI rAjA nanda zrIRSabhadeva kI pratimA kaliMgadeza se magadha le gaye the aura vaha pratimA khAravela ne nandarAjA ke 300 varSa bAda puSyamitra se prApta kii| jaba eka pUjya vastu 300 varSoM se jisa rAjagharAne meM sAvadhAnI se rakhI huI calI AI hai, to avazya hI magadha ke nanda rAjAgaNa use pUjate the| yadi aura koI vastu hotI, to itane dIrghakAla meM avazya hI kisI na kisI taraha vilIna ho jaatii| 'mudrArAkSasa' nATaka meM bhI yaha ullekha hai ki nandarAja aura usake mantrI 'rAkSasa' ko vizvAsa meM phA~sane ke lie eka dUta ko kSapaNaka banAkara cANakya ne bhejA thaa| koSagranthoM meM 'kSapaNaka' kA artha digambarajaina sAdhu hai tathA 'mahAbhArata' meM bhI 'nagnakSapaNaka' kA vyavahAra huA hai| isase nandarAjA jaina the aura vaha pratimA (zrI AdinAtha kI) bhI avazya digambara thii|" 37 lohAnIpura-jinapratimA paTanA (bihAra) ke lohAnIpura muhalle se prApta jinapratimA bhI atyanta prAcIna hai| yaha bhI mastakavihIna hai aura bilakula vaisI hI hai, jaisI har3appA se prApta jinapratimA hai| (dekhiye, isI adhyAya ke anta meM vistRta sandarbha) isakI prAcInatA para prakAza DAlate hue suprasiddha purAtattvavid evaM itihAsakAra DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla likhate haiM "sindhughATI meM do nagna mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| inameM se eka kAyotsargamudrA meM sthita puruSamUrti hai| dUsarI ko bhI aba taka puruSamUrti kahA jAtA hai, kintu dhyAna se dekhane para jJAta hotA hai ki vaha nRtyamudrA meM strImUrti hai| abhI pahalI mUrti kI pahacAna kisa prakAra kI jAya yaha mahattvapUrNa prazna banA hI rahatA hai| --- kintu jaina aura kucha jainetara vidvAn bhI puruSamUrti kI nagnatA aura kAyotsargamudrA ke AdhAra para ise aisI pratimA samajhate haiM, jisakA sambandha kisI tIrthaMkara se rahA hai| kintu sindhu 37. 'mahArAja khAravela'/ 'anekAnta'/ varSa 1/ kiraNa 5 / caitra, vIra ni. saM.2456, pR. 286 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra02 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 409 lipi par3he binA isa viSaya meM nizcaya se kucha kahanA kaThina hai| kintu eka dUsarA pramANa, jo sandeharahita hai, sAmane A jAtA hai| vaha paTanA ke lohAnIpura muhalle se prApta eka nagna kAyotsarga-mUrti hai| usa para mauryakAlIna opa yA camaka hai| aura zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla se lekara Aja taka ke sabhI vidvAnoM ne use tIrthaMkarapratimA hI mAnA hai, usa dizA meM vaha mUrti aba taka kI upalabdha sabhI bauddha tathA brAhmaNadharma-sambandhI mUrtiyoM se prAcIna ThaharatI hai| kaliMgAdhipati khAravela ke hAthIgumphA-zilAlekha se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki kumArI-parvata para jinapratimA kA pUjana hotA thaa| ina saMketoM se iMgita hotA hai ki jainadharma kI yaha aitihAsika paramparA aura anuzruti atyanta prAcIna thii|"38 DaoN0 yU0 pI0 zAha ne bhI lohAnIpura-jinapratimA kI prAcInatA para nimnalikhita zabdoM meM prakAza DAlA hai "That the Jina-Image was in worship in the Mauryan Age is evidenced by the find of the highly polished torso of a Jina Image from Lohanipur near Patna and this further lends support to the view that an image of Mahavira was carved in his life-time.--- "Jayaswal's discovery of a Mauryan torso of a Jina figure from Lohanipur (fig.2)39 proves on the one hand the authenticity of Jaina traditions on image worship and on the other hand the existence in Magadha of an earlier model for Jina images of early Christian centuries.---- "The Jina image definitely preceded the Buddha image as a cultobject. "Lohanipur is a continuation of the Mauryan sites at Kumrahar and Bulandibag near Patna. Along with this highly polished torso were revealed from the foundations of a square temple (8'10" x 8'10") a large quantity of Mauryan bricks, a worn silver punch-marked coin and another unpolished later torso of a Jina in the kayotsarga pose. Evidently, both the torsoes represented some Tirthankaras and the foundations are the earliest known site of a Jaina temple. A mutilated head of the Mauryan period, discovered by Banerji-Shastri from the same site probably belonged to another Jaina sculpture.40 --- 38. prAkkathana, pR. 10/ jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / pUrvapIThikA / paM0 kailAzacandra shaastrii| 39. Journal of Bihar and Orissa Research Society, XXIII. i.,pl.i-iv. The second torso probably belongs to the Gupta period according to Banerji-Shastri in a subsequent issue of the same Journal (vide Vol. XXVI. 2. 120 ff.) 40. Banerji-Shastri, Mauryan Sculptures from Lohanipur Patna, Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society, XXVI. 2. 120 ff. For Personal & Private Use Only

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410 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra02 "Of the Mauryan age, no other Jaina relic is known 41 except a group of caves in Barabara and Nagarjuni hills 42 Bihar, dedicated by Asoka and Dasaratha for the use of Ajivika sect whose leader, Mankhaliputta Gosala, was once a disciple and later a great rival of Mahavira. The Mauryan ruler Samprati is hailed by traditions as a great patron of the Jainas and builder of numerous (Jaina) temples.43 No archaeological evidence is however available today." (Studies In Jaina Art, pp.5-6). isa prakAra ina purAtattvavidoM ke anusAra lohAnIpura kI jinapratimA mauryakAlIna hai| DaoN0 kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla ne bhI use IsA se 300 varSa pUrva kA arthAt mauryayugIna hI mAnA hai| isakA ullekha karate hue DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla likhate haiM-"14 pharavarI 1937 ko paTanA jaMkzana sTezana se eka mIla kI dUrI para lohiyApura se pRthvI khodate samaya jo DhAI phuTa U~cA nagna mUrtikhaNDa milA hai aura Ajakala paTanA ajAyabaghara meM rakkhA huA hai, vaha DaoN0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ke matAnusAra upalabdha jainamUrtiyoM meM prAcInatama jainamUrti hai aura IsA se lagabhaga 300 varSa pUrva purAnI hai| DaoN0 jAyasavAla kA uparyukta mata 20 pharavarI 1937 vAle 'sarcalAiTa' meM prakAzita aura 'jaina aiMTikverI' jUna 1937 meM uddhRta huA hai|" yaha kAyotsarga-mudrAmaya nagna jinapratimA isa bAta kI gavAhI detI hai ki digambara jaina-paramparA IsA ke tIna sau varSa pUrva vidyamAna thii| kAMsya jinapratimA mumbaI ke priMsa Apha velsa saMgrahAlaya meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI eka bahuta purAnI kAMsya pratimA surakSita hai| pratimA nagna aura kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai| isakA pAdapITha naSTa ho gayA hai aura yaha kahA~ se prApta huI hai, isakA ullekha vahA~ upalabdha nahIM hai| pratimA kA dAhinA hAtha aura nAgaphaNa khaMDita hai, kintu nAga ke zarIra ke mor3a 41. A fragmentary inscription found by Mahamahopadhyaya G.H. Oza, from Barli (Ajmer District) refers to majjhamika (Madhyamika), modern Nagari near Chitor, and the year 84 of Mahavira's nirvana. See indian Antiquary, LVIII. 229. But the reading Virat or Viraya is disputable, see, Sarkar, D.C., Barli Fragmentary Stone Inscription, JBORS. Vol. 37, March 1951. 42. Kuraishi, List of Ancient Monuments protected under Act VII of 1904 in the Bihar and Orissa Provinces (1938), 33 ff... 43. Brhat-Kalpa-Bhasya, Vol. III, gathas 3285-89, pp. 917-21. 44. sampAdakIya TippaNI / bhAratIya saMskRti, purAtattva aura itihAsa vibhAga/ premI abhinandana grantha / pR. 279 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra02 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 411 pRSTha bhAga meM pairoM se lagAkara Upara taka spaSTa dikhAI dete haiN| isakI AkRti lohAnIpura aura har3appA kI mastakahIna kAyotsarga-pratimAoM se bahuta sAmya rakhatI hai| vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yaha mUrti mauryakAlIna honI cAhie aura vaha IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI se bAda kI to ho hI nahIM sktii| 05 mathurA-jinapratimAe~ mathurA ke devanirmita stUpa arthAt kaMkAlITIle kI khudAI se upalabdha kuSANakAlIna jinapratimAoM (prathama-dvitIya zatI I0) kA vivaraNa pUrva (prakaraNa 1 / zI.4-8) meM diyA jA cukA hai| vahA~ se jitanI bhI jinapratimAe~ milI haiM, ve saba nagna haiN| ataH ve nagnatva-virodhI zvetAmbara-sampradAya dvArA pratiSThApita to haiM hI nahIM, yaha nirvivAda hai| ve digambara aura ardhaphAlaka sampradAyoM dvArA pRthak-pRthak rUpa se pratiSThApita kI gaI thiiN| jina nagna pratimAoM ke pAdapITha yA AyAgapaTTa meM ardhaphAlakadhArI nagna sAdhuoM kI pratikRtiyA~ haiM, ve ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya dvArA pratiSThApita kI gaI thIM aura jinameM unakA abhAva hai, ve digambarasampradAya dvArA pratiSThApita huI thiiN| koTTikagaNa Adi gaNa-gacchoM kA usa samaya digambaroM meM bhI honA saMbhava hai aura ardhaphAlaka sampradAya meM bhii| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne apane grantha jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA meM batalAyA hai ki kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM godAsagaNa aura usakI tAmraliptikA, koTivarSIyA, pauNDravardhanikA aura dAsIkATikA, ina cAra zAkhAoM kA ullekha hai aura kahA hai ki inakA sambandha dakSiNaprasthita zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI acelaka nirgranthaparamparA se thaa| (dekhiye, adhyAya 6 / prakaraNa 2/ zIrSaka 2) / isase koTTikagaNa Adi kA bhI sambandha bhadrabAhu kI acelaka nirgranthaparamparA se mAnanA ayuktimat pratIta nahIM hotaa| ataH jina pratimAoM para unakA ullekha hai, ve digambara aura ardhaphAlaka donoM meM se kisI bhI sampradAya kI ho sakatI haiN| yaha avazya hai ki ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya Age calakara zvetAmbaroM meM vilIna ho gyaa| yataH ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya digambara-sampradAya se hI udbhUta huA thA, aura zvetAmbaroM ke viparIta vaha nagna jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa, pratiSThApana evaM darzana-pUjana ko anucita nahIM mAnatA thA, na hI isase usake kisI siddhAnta kA virodha hotA thA, ataH digambara-jinapratimAoM ko bhI usane digambaroM se hI apanAyA thaa| isalie 45. ka-Dr. U. P. Shah : Studies in Jain Art, pp.8-9. kha-DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna/pra.350-351 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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412 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra02 ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya dvArA pratiSThApita digambara-jinapratimAoM se bhI siddha hotA hai ki digambara-paramparA kuSANakAla (prathama zatAbdI I0) se pUrva vidyamAna thii| guptakAlIna jinapratimAe~ DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI jaina isa kAla kI pratimAoM kA paricaya dete hue likhate haiM-"yaha yuga IsA kI cauthI zatI I0 se prAraMbha hotA hai| isa yuga kI 37 pratimAoM kA paricaya mathurA-saMgrahAlaya kI sUcI meM karAyA gayA hai| --- guptasamrAT kumAragupta prathama ke kAla meM gupta saM0 106 kI banI huI vidizA ke samIpa kI udayagiri kI guphA meM utkIrNa vaha pArzvanAtha kI mUrti bhI isa kAla kI mUrtikalA ke lie dhyAna dene yogya hai| durbhAgyataH mUrti khaNDita ho cukI hai, tathApi usake Upara kA nAgaphaNa apane bhayaMkara dA~toM se bar3A prabhAvazAlI aura apane deva kI rakSA ke lie tatpara dikhAI detA hai| uttarapradeza ke kahAU~ nAmaka sthAna se prApta gupta saM0 141 ke lekha-sahita vaha stambha bhI yahA~ ullekhanIya hai, jisameM pArzvanAtha kI tathA anya cAra tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiN| isI kAla kI aneka jaina pratimAeM gvAliyara ke pAsa ke kile, besanagara, bUr3hI caMderI va devagar3ha Adi aneka sthAnoM se prApta huI haiN|"46 ye saba jinapratimAe~ nagna hone se digambara-sampradAya kI haiN| ataH inase caturtha zatAbdI I0 meM bhI digambara-paramparA ke astitva kA bodha hotA hai| bAhubalI kI pratimAe~ bAhubalI kI sabhI pratimAe~ kAyotsarga mudrA meM haiM aura pUrNataH nagna haiN| unakA paricaya DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI jaina ne isa prakAra diyA hai-"bAdAmI kI mUrti lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI meM nirmita sAr3he sAta phuTa U~cI hai| dUsarI pratimA ailorA ke 'choTe kailAza' nAmaka jaina zilA-mandira kI indrasabhA kI dakSiNI dIvAra para utkIrNa hai| isa guphA kA nirmANakAla lagabhaga 8 vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai| tIsarI mUrti devagar3ha ke zAntinAthamandira (862 I0) meM hai| --- kintu ina sabase vizAla aura suprasiddha maisUra rAjya ke antargata zravaNabelagolA ke vindhyagiri para virAjamAna vaha mUrti hai, jisakI pratiSThA gaMganareza rAjamalla ke mahAmaMtrI cAmuNDarAya ne 10-11 vIM zatI meM karAI thii| yaha mUrti 56 phuTa 3 iMca U~cI hai| --- isI mUrti ke anukaraNa para kArakala meM san 1432 I0 meM 41 phuTa 6 iMca U~cI tathA veNUra meM 1604 I0 meM 35 phuTa U~cI 46. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna / pR. 346-347 / Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra02 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 413 anya do vizAla pASANa mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita huiiN| --- kintu jo bronja-dhAtu-nirmita mUrti aba prakAza meM AI hai, vaha uparyukta samasta pratimAoM se prAcIna anumAna kI jAtI hai| usakA nirmANakAla sambhavataH sAtavIM zatI va usake bhI kucha varSa pUrva pratIta hotA hai|"47 inake atirikta madhyapradeza ke khajurAho, ahAra, bhojapura, kuNDalapura, nainAgiri Adi tIrthoM meM dasavIM zatI I0 se lekara pandrahavIM zatI taka kI prAcIna nagna jina pratimAe~ padmAsana aura kAyotsarga mudrAoM meM vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra 3000 I0 pU0 se lekara Aja taka pratyeka aitihAsika yuga meM nirmita nagna jinapratimAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| aba zvetAmbara-paramparA kI savastra jinapratimAoM ke itihAsa para dRSTipAta kiyA jaay| 47. vahI / pR.353-354| For Personal & Private Use Only

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tRtIya prakaraNa zvetAmbara savastra-jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa kA itihAsa IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI se zvetAmbarIya savastrAbhUSaNa jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa kA itihAsa jIvanta svAmI kI pratimAoM ke nirmANa se zurU hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI rAjamukuTa evaM rAjasI vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta, kAyotsarga-mudrA meM avasthita pratimAe~ zvetAmbarasAhitya meM 'jIvanta svAmI kI pratimA' nAma se prasiddha haiN|8 "AvazyakacUrNi, nizIthacUrNi evaM vAsudevahiMDI meM ullekha milatA hai ki kumArakAla meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra jaba apane rAjaprAsAda meM dharmadhyAna kiyA karate the, tabhI unakI eka candana kI pratimA nirmita karAyI gayI thI, jo vItabhaya-paTTana (sindhu-sauvIra) ke nareza udayana ke hAtha A lgii| ujjayinI ke rAjA pradyota ne usake sthAna para vaisI hI kASThapratimA banAkara rakha dI, aura mUla pratimA ko apane rAjya meM le AyA tathA vidizA meM pratiSThita karA dI, jahA~ vaha dIrghakAla taka pUjI jAtI rhii| vaha itanI lokapriya huI ki usake anukaraNa para jIvantasvAmI kI marti banavAne kI prathA cala pddii| isa sAhityavarNita prathA ke astitva kI puSTi akoTA (bar3audA janapada) meM prApta jIvanta svAmI kI broMjadhAtunirmita do pratimAoM se hotI hai| unameM se eka para lekha hai. jisameM use 'jIvantasAmi-pratimA' kahA gayA hai, aura yaha ullekha hai ki ise candrakula kI nAgezvarI zrAvikA ne dAna kiyA thaa| lipi ke svarUpa se yaha chaThI zatI I0 ke madhyabhAga (550 I0) kI anumAnita kI gaI hai| ye donoM mUrtiyA~ kAyotsarga dhyAna mudrA meM haiM, kintu zarIra para vastrAbhUSaNa aura alaMkaraNa rAjakumArocita hai| mastaka para U~cA mukuTa hai, jisake nIce donoM kandhoM para kezakalApa jhUla rahA hai| gale meM hArAdi, kAnoM meM kuNDala, donoM bAhuoM para caur3e bhujabandha va hAthoM meM kar3e aura kaTibandha Adi AbhUSaNa haiN| mu~ha para smita va prasAdabhAva jhalaka rahA hai| bhAvAbhivyakti va alaMkaraNa meM guptakAlIna va taduttarazailI kA prabhAva spaSTa hai|" 49 "dhAtu kI savastra jina-pratimA rAjapUtAne meM sirohI janapada ke antargata vasantagar3ha 48. "The tradition of Jivantsvami-images (i.e.images of Mahavira standing in meditation with a crown and ornaments on his person)" --- / Dr. U. P. Shah : 'Studies In Jaina Art', p.4. 49. ka-DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna / pR.351-352| - kha-DaoN0 yU0 pI0 zAha : sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa / pR. 4 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra03 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 415 nAmaka sthAna se milI hai| yaha RSabhanAtha kI khaDgAsana pratimA hai, jisa para saM0 744 (I0 687) kA lekha hai| isameM dhotI kA pahanAvA dikhAyA gayA hai| dhotI kI sikur3ana bAe~ paira para vizeSarUpa se dikhAyI gayI hai| isase saMbhavataH kucha pUrva kI ve pA~ca dhAtupratimAe~ haiM, jo valabhI se prApta huI haiM, aura prinsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN| ye pratimAe~ bhI savastra haiM, kintu inameM dhotI kA pradarzana vaise ugrarUpa meM nahIM pAyA jAtA, jaisA vasantagar3ha kI pratimA meN| isa prakAra kI dhotI kA pradarzana pASANamUrtiyoM meM bhI kiyA gayA pAyA jAtA hai, jisakA eka udAharaNa rohataka (paMjAba) meM pArzvanAtha kI khaDgAsana mUrti hai| priMsa oNpha velsa saMgrahAlaya kI cAharaDI (khAnadeza) se prApta huI AdinAtha kI pratimA 10vIM zatI kI dhAtumaya mUrti kA eka sundara udAharaNa hai|"50 isa prakAra zvetAmbara-sAhitya ke anusAra zvetAmbara-paramparA meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI savastra jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa prArambha ho gayA thA aura 'pravacanaparIkSA' grantha ke kartA kA mata hai ki samrAT samprati (I0 pU0 232-190) tathA uttaravartI rAjAoM ne aisI jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jinameM puruSacihna yA strIcihna kI racanA nahIM hotI thI, ataH vastrarahita hote hue bhI ve nagna dikhAI nahIM detI thiiN| Age calakara tIrthaMkaroM kI aMcalikAyukta pratimAe~ banane lgiiN| kintu muni kalyANavijaya jI kahate haiM ki Aja se 2000 varSa 51 pahale banAI jAnevAlI pratimAoM para devadUSya vastra isa prakAra phailAyA jAtA thA ki unakI nagnatA pUrI taraha DhaMka jAtI thii| ina ullekhoM se siddha hai ki zvetAmbara-paramparA meM nagna jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa kabhI nahIM kiyA gyaa| aura kyoMki zvetAmbaramatAnusAra mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI zvetAmbara-sampradAya savastra jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa karAne lagA thA aura samprati Adi rAjAoM ne anagna evaM nirvastra pratimAe~ banavAI thIM, ataH DaoN0 yU0 pI0 zAha kA yaha kathana vAstavikatA se pare hai ki kuSANakAla taka digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM kI jinapratimAe~ nagna hotI thIM aura usake bAda hI unameM bhinnatA AyI hai|52 yaha kathana isalie bhI ayuktiyukta hai ki jo zvetAmbara bandhu nagna jinapratimAoM ko jinabimba hI na mAnate hoM aura unake darzana ko kAmavikAra kI utpatti kA 50. DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna / pR. 351 51. aba 2100 varSa phle| 52. "All the figures of Tirthankaras are nude, showing that the difference between images of the Digambaras (sky-clad, worshipping nude images) and the Svetambaras (white-robed, adoring Tirthankara figures wearing a lower garment) was posterior to the Kusana period." (Studies In Jaina Art, p.11). meM hI zvetAmbara-samprada For Personal & Private Use Only

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416 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 5 / pra0 3 kAraNa mAnate hoM, ve unakA darzana-pUjana kaise kara sakate haiM? tathA zvetAmbaroM ke mastiSka meM nagna jinapratimA kI kalpanA A hI nahIM sakatI, kyoMki unake anusAra 'jina' nagna dikhAI hI nahIM dete| 2 prAcIna zvetAmbaraparamparA meM mUrtipUjA kA abhAva dUsarI ora Adhunikayuga ke prasiddha zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI mAnate haiM ki zvetAmbara - AgamoM meM mUrtipUjA kA vidhAna hI nahIM kiyA gayA hai, na hI prAcInakAla meM zvetAmbara - paramparA meM mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| apane mata kA pratipAdana karate hue hue ve jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa ke tRtIya bhAga meM likhate haiM " darzanaprAbhRta ke TIkAkAra digambarAcArya zrutasAgara sUri ne darzanaprAbhRta kI TIkA meM jo yApanIyaparamparA kI mAnyatAoM kA digdarzana kiyA hai, usameM yApanIyoM ke liye likhA hai "ratnatrayaM pUjayanti / " isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki prArambhika kAla meM yApanIya sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA gaNa ratnatraya kI pUjA karate the, na ki mUrtipUjA / eka sthAna meM niyata nivAsa prArambha karane ke pazcAt caityavAsiyoM kI dekhA-dekhI sambhavataH yApanIyoM meM bhI mUrtipUjA kA pracalana prArambha huA ho, aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| jainijma ina aralI mIDievala karnATaka nAmaka apanI pustaka meM rAmabhUSaNaprasAda siMha ne likhA hai "Naturally the early Jainas did not practice image worship, which finds no place in the Jaina canonical literature. The early Digambara texts from Karnataka do not furnish authentic information on this point, and the description of their mUla guNa and uttara guNa meant for lay worshippers do not refer to image worship. But idol worship first appeared in the early centuries of the christian era, and elaborate rules were developed for performing the different rituals of Jaina worship during early mediaval times."53 " mUrti pUjA ke sambandha meM eka nahIM, apitu aneka niSpakSa vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana nahIM thA / yApanIyoM ke viSaya meM zrutasAgara ke "ratnatrayaM pUjayanti " isa ullekha se yahI anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki eka mAtra AdhyAtmika bhAvapUjA meM aTUTa AsthA rakhanevAle jainoM meM samaya 53. rAmabhUSaNaprasAda siMha : 'jainijma ina aralI mIDievala karNATaka' / pR. 23/ motIlAla banArasIdAsa dillI, san 1975 / For Personal & Private Use Only w

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a05/pra03 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 417 kI pukAra ke anusAra prArambha meM ratnatraya kI evaM tatpazcAt caraNayugala aura antatogatvA mUrti kI pUjA pracalita huI ho|" (jai.dha.mau.i. / bhA.3 / pR. 220-221) / _ "isa taraha yApanIyaparamparA ne ratnatraya kI pUjA, tIrthaMkaroM ke caraNacihnoM kI pUjA aura mUrtipUjA ko kisa-kisa samaya kisa krama se apanAyA, isa prazna ke samAdhAna ke liye Agamika kAla se lekara yApanIyasaMgha ke eka sudRr3ha saMgha ke rUpa meM ubharane aura katipaya pradezoM meM zvetAmbarasaMgha aura digambarasaMgha se bhI apekSAkRta adhika lokapriya banane ke samaya taka kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM para pUrNataH niSpakSa hokara sUkSmadRSTi se vicAra karanA hogaa| isa sandarbha meM nimnalikhita tathya vicAraNIya haiM "1. AcArAMga Adi sabhI AgamoM meM se kisI eka bhI Agama meM caturvidha tIrtha ke sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka athavA zrAvikA varga ke liye samuccaya rUpa se athavA gata rUpa se isa prakAra kA eka bhI ullekha gahana khoja ke anantara bhI nahIM upalabdha hotA, jisameM yaha kahA gayA ho ki vrata, niyama, pratyAkhyAna, pauSadha, upavAsa, svAdhyAya Adi AtmotthAna ke dainandina kAryoM ke samAna, mUrtipUjA, mandiranirmANa Adi kArya bhI pratyeka sAdhaka ke liye athavA sabhI sAdhakoM ke liye paramAvazyaka athavA anivArya kartavya haiN| "2. pA~caveM aMgazAstra bhagavatIsUtra (vyAkhyAprajJapti) meM gaNadhara indrabhUti dvArA pUche gaye 36000 praznoM evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA diye gaye uttaroM kA vizada varNana hai| AdhyAtmika abhyutthAna se sambandha rakhanevAlA eka bhI viSaya ina praznottaroM meM achUtA nahIM rahA hai| Atmonnati-viSayaka sabhI tathyAtathyoM kA vivecana ina praznottaroM meM samAviSTa hai| isa taraha sabhI prakAra kI jijJAsAoM kA zamana evaM sandehoM kA nivAraNa karanevAle una 36 hajAra praznottaroM meM kahIM eka meM bhI jinamandira ke nirmANa, usake astitva athavA jinamUrti kI pUjA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| "3. bhagavatIsUtra ke dUsare zataka meM tuMgiyA nagarI ke zramaNopAsakoM ke susamRddha jIvana, unakI dharma ke prati pragAr3ha AsthA, unake dhArmika kAryakalApoM Adi kA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| usameM bhI jinamandira athavA jinamUrti kI pUjA kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM etadviSayaka vivaraNa nimnalikhita rUpa meM haiM "tattha NaM tuMgiyAe nayarIe bahave samaNovAsayA parivasaMti aDDhA, dittA, vitthinna vipula bhavaNA sayaNAsaNa-jANA vAhaNaiNNA bahudhaNa bahujAyarUva-rayayA, Ayoga-payogasaMpauttA, vicchaDDiyavipula-bhattApANa, bahudAsIdAsa-go-mahisa-gavelayappabhUyA, bahujaNassa aparibhUyA, abhigayajIvAjIvA, ubaladdhapuNNapAvA, Asava-saMvara-nijjara-kiriyA-ahikaraNa-baMdha mokkhakusalA, asahejja devAsuranAga-suvaNNa-jakkha-rakkhasa-kinnara-kiMpurisa-garula-gaMdhavva Jain Education Interational For Personal & Private Use Only

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418 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / pra0 3 mahoragAiehiM devagaNehiM niggaMthAo pAvayaNAo aNatikkamaNijjA, NiggaMthe pAvayaNe nissaMkiyA nikkaMkhiyA, nivitigicchA, laddhaTThA, gahiyaTThA, pucchiyaTThA, abhigayaTThA viNicchiyaTThA aTThimiMjapemA-aNUrAgarattA, ayamAuso ! niggaMthe pAvayaNe aTThe ayaM paramaTThe, se aNaTTe asiyaphalihA, avaMguyaduvArA, ciyattaMteuragharappavesA, bahUhiM sIlavvaya-guNa- veramaNa-paccakkhANaposahovavAsehiM cAuddasaTTamuTThi - puNNamAsiNIsu paripuNNaM posahaM sammaM aNupAlemANAM samaNe niggaMthe phAsuesaNijjeNaM asaNapANakhAima - sAimeNaM, vatthapaDiggaha- kaMbala - pAyapuMchaNeNaM, pIThaphalaga sejjAsaMthAraeNaM, osaha - bhesajjeNa paDilAbhemANA ahApaDiggahiehiM tavokammehiM appANaM bhAvemANA viharaMti / " 44 ' arthAt tuMgiyA nagarI meM bahuta se zramaNopAsaka rahate the| ve dhanasampanna aura vaibhavazAlI the| unake bhavana bar3e vizAla evaM vistIrNa the| ve zayana, Asana, yAna, vAhana se sampanna the| unake pAsa vipula dhana, cA~dI tathA sonA thaa| ve rupayA byAja para dekara bahuta sA dhana arjita karate the / ve aneka kalAoM meM nipuNa the / una zramaNopAsakoM ke gharoM meM aneka prakAra ke bhojana - pAna Adi taiyAra kiye jAte the| ve loga aneka dAsa-dAsiyoM, gAyoM, bhaiMsoM evaM bher3oM Adi se samRddha the / ve jIva - ajIva ke svarUpa ko evaM puNya aura pApa ko samyagrUpeNa jAnate the / ve Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, kriyA, adhikaraNa, baMdha aura mokSa ke svarUpa se avagata the / deva, asura, nAga, suvarNa, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnara, kiMpuruSa, garur3a, gandharva, mahoraga Adi taka unheM nirgrantha- pravacana se nahIM DigA sakate the / nirgrantha-pravacana meM ve zaMkArahita, AkAMkSArahita aura vicikitsArahita the| zAstra ke artha ko unhoMne grahaNa kiyA thA, abhigata kiyA thA aura samajhabUjha kara usakA nizcaya kiyA thA / nirgrantha-pravacana ke prati unake roma-roma meM prema vyApta thaa| ve kevala eka nirgrantha pravacana ke atirikta zeSa sabako niSprayojana mAnate the| unakI udAratA kAraNa unake dvAra sadA saba ke liye khule rahate the| ve jisa kisI ke ghara athavA antaHpura meM jAte, vahA~ prIti hI utpanna karate / zIlavrata, guNavrata, viramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, pauSadha evaM upavAsoM ke dvArA caturdazI, aSTamI, amAvasyA aura pUrNamAsI ke dina ve pUrNa pauSadha kA pAlana karate / zramaNa nirgranthoM ko prAsuka evaM kalpanIya azana-pAna-khAdya-svAdya, vastra, pAtra, kambala, pAdaproMchana (rajoharaNa), Asana, phalaka, zayyA, saMstAraka, auSadha aura bheSaja se pratilAbhita karate hue ve yathApratigRhIta tapa karma dvArA AtmadhyAna meM lIna ho vicaraNa karate rahate the / 'uparyuddhata isa pATha meM tuMgiyAnagarI ke una Adarza zramaNopAsakoM kI dinacaryA kI pratyeka dhArmika kriyA kA vizada vivaraNa diyA huA hai, kintu mUrtipUjA athavA jinamandira kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai / "jinapratimA jinasArikhI ( sadRzI ) " jaisI mAnyatA kA jainadharma meM yadi usa samaya kiMcinmAtra bhI sthAna hotA, to saMsAra ke samasta 44 For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra03 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 419 jIvoM para karuNA kara unake hita ke liye sarvajJa, sarvadarzI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA tIrthapravartanakAla meM diye gaye amogha upadezoM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA grathita jainAgamoM meM mUrtipUjA, mandiranirmANa Adi kA sAdhu-sAdhvI-varga ke liye na sahI, kintu zrAvaka-zrAvikA-varga ke liye to avazyameva Avazyaka karttavya ke rUpa meM ullekha hotaa| "4. mUlAgamoM meM Ananda, kAmadeva, zaMkha, pokhalI, udAyana Adi zrAvaka-ratnoM ke pauSadhopavAsoM, zrAvaka kI ekAdaza pratimArUpa kaThora vrata-dhAraNA, supAtradAna, pauSadhazAlAgamana Adi vibhinna dharmakRtyoM kA vistRta vivaraNa hai, kintu kahIM para bhI yaha ullekha nahIM hai ki ve eka bAra bhI kisI devamandira meM gaye hoM athavA unake dvArA kisI jina-pratimA kI sthApanA yA pUjA kI gaI ho| "mUla AgamoM meM zrI kRSNa dvArA kI gaI dharma-dalAlI evaM usa utkRSTa dharmadalAlI ke pariNAmasvarUpa tIrthaMkara-nAmagotropArjana kA ullekha hai| isI taraha magadhasamrATa bimbasAra zreNika dvArA amArI paTaha-ghoSaNA evaM dharmadalAlI kA tathA usa dharmadalAlI ke phalasvarUpa unake bhI tIrthaMkaranAma-gotrakarma ke upArjana kA pATha AyA hai| sAtha hI pradezI rAjA dvArA dAnazAlA kholane Adi sukRtyoM kA spaSTarUpa se ullekha hai| parantu inameM se kisI ke bhI dvArA jinapratimA kI pUjA karane athavA jinamandira ke nirmANa karAye jAne kA kahIM koI nAmamAtra ke liye bhI ullekha nahIM hai| "5. mUla AgamoM meM trikAladarzI prabhu mahAvIra ne Adarza zrAvakoM ke gharoM kI bhautika vipula Rddhi-siddhi kA bhI varNana kiyA hai, aneka nagaroM kA varNana kiyA hai, para ina varNanoM meM jinapratimA aura jinamandira kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM hai| yadi usa samaya jainadharma kI mUla paramparA meM mUrtipUjA kA koI sthAna hotA, to una Adarza zrAvakoM ke gharoM meM athavA nagaroM ke prAMgaNoM meM kahIM na kahIM to jinamandira athavA jinapratimA ke astitva kA ullekha avazya hI hotaa| jinapratimA kI pUjA kI bAta to dUra, vastutaH zrAvakoM ke gharoM aura nagaroM taka meM jinamandiroM-jinapratimAoM ke astitva taka kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase yahI pramANita hotA hai ki jainadharma kI mUla paramparA meM prArambha meM mUrtipUjA ke liye kahIM koI sthAna nahIM thaa| jainadharma kA tIrthapravartanakAla meM kaisA svarUpa thA, usa samaya jainadharma meM kyA mAnya thA aura kyA amAnya, kyA-kyA karaNIya thA aura kyA-kyA akaraNIya, etadviSayaka tathya AgamoM se hI prApta kiye jA sakate haiN| jisa prakAra ki hIrA hIre kI khAna se hI upalabdha ho sakatA hai, panne athavA mANikya kI khAna se nahIM, ThIka usI prakAra jainadharma kI mAnyatAoM athavA jainadharma ke mUla vizuddha svarUpa ke sambandha For Personal & Private Use Only

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420 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / pra0 3 meM prAmANika tathya jaina AgamoM se hI upalabdha ho sakate haiM, na ki anya granthoM athavA sAhitya se / " 6. jainAgama vastutaH bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dezanAoM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA grathita kiye gaye, yaha eka nirvivAda evaM sarvasammata tathya hai| mUla AgamoM meM, AcArAMga Adi 11 aMgazAstra, jo 'niggaMTha pAvayaNa', 'gaNipiTaka' Adi nAmoM se vikhyAta haiM aura jo jainadharma ke siddhAntoM, jainadharma kI mAnyatAoM ke parama prAmANika, mUla AdhAra mAne jAte haiM, unameM mUrtipUjA kA, jinamandiroM ke nirmANa kA jaba kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM hai, to isakA sIdhA sA artha yahI hotA hai ki tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI prathama dezanA se lekara antima dezanA taka meM jinapratimA kI pratiSThApanA karane, mandira nirmANa karane aura jimapratimA kI pUjA karane ke sambandha meM kabhI eka bhI zabda apane mukhAravinda se nahIM khaa| isa bAta se to pratyeka jaina pUrNataH sahamata hogA ki vItarAga sarvajJa tIrthaMkara prabhu zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dezanAoM kA eka-eka zabda sabhI jainoM ke liye sadA zirodhArya aura parama mAnya hai / yadi saMsAra ke bhavya prANiyoM ke liye jina pratimA kI pUjA karanA niHzreyaskara hotA, to 'jagajIva hiyadayaTTayAe' caturvidha dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karate samaya sAdhu sAdhvI, zrAvakaM athavA zrAvikAvarga meM se sabhI ke liye athavA kisI vargavizeSa ke liye jinapratimA kI pUjA kA bhI spaSTa zabdoM meM usI prakAra vistRta rUpa se upadeza dete, jisa prakAra ki muktiprApti ke liye paramAvazyaka anyAnya karttavyoM kA upadeza diyA thA / AgamoM meM caturvidha tIrtha ke karttavyoM ke rUpa meM mUrtipUjA kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai, isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI kisI bhI dezanA meM mUrtipUjA karane athavA mandira nirmANa karane kA upadeza nahIM diyA / "7. jainadharma athavA Agama-sambandhI nirvANottarakAlIna pramukha aitihAsika ghaTanAoM para bhI yadi niSpakSarUpeNa dRSTipAta kiyA jAya, to yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki pahalI AgamavAcanA ke samaya se lekara cauthI AgamavAcanA taka kI kAlAvadhi meM AgamAnusAra vizuddha zramaNAcAra, zrAvakAcAra evaM dharma ke mUla adhyAtmapradhAna svarUpa kA pAlana karanevAle jainasaMgha meM mUrtipUjA evaM mandirAdi ke nirmANa kA pracalana nahIM huA thaa| 8. pahalI AgamavAcanA vIra ni0 saM0 160 ke Asa-pAsa Arya sthUlabhadra ke tatvAvadhAna meM pATaliputra meM huii| isa pahalI AgamavAcanA ke sambandha meM jainavAGmaya meM koI kramabaddha vistRta vivaraNa vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha nahIM hotA / titthogAlIpainnaya nAmaka prAcIna grantha meM atisaMkSepataH kevala itanA hI vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai ki For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra03 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 421 bhISaNa duSkAla ke samApta ho jAne para bhArata ke sudUrastha vibhinna bhAgoM meM gaye hue sAdhu punaH pATaliputra meM lautte| duSkAlajanya saMkaTakAlIna sthiti meM zAstroM ke anabhyAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa zrutaparamparA se kaNThastha zAstroM ke jina pAThoM ko zramaNa bhUla gaye the, una pAThoM ko paraspara eka-dUsare se sunakara unhoMne zAstroM ke jJAna ko punaH vyavasthita kiyaa| pATaliputra meM huI isa prathama AgamavAcanA meM ekAdazAMgI ko pUrvavat vyavasthita evaM surakSita kara liyA gayA, kintu bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda ko vyavasthita karane meM vaha zramaNasaMgha pUrNarUpeNa asaphala hI rahA, jo ki pATaliputra meM ekatrita huA thaa| usa samaya samasta zramaNasaMgha meM caudaha pUrvo ke jJAna ke dhAraka eka mAtra antima zrRMtakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu hI avaziSTa raha gaye the, parantu ve usa samaya nepAla pradeza meM mahAprANadhyAna kI sAdhanA meM nirata the| "isa prakAra kI sthiti meM bar3e vicAra vinimaya ke anantara mahAmedhAvI yuvAvaya ke zramaNa sthUlabhadra ko 500 anya medhAvI muniyoM ke sAtha bhadrabAhu kI sevA meM rahakara caturdaza pUrvo kA jJAna prApta karane aura isa prakAra zrutajJAna kI rakSA karane ke hetu saMghAdeza se nepAla bhejA gyaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu usa samaya usa adbhuta camatkArI mahAprANa kI sAdhanA meM nirata the, jisakI sAdhanA ke anantara sAdhaka antarmuhUrta meM hI sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI kA parAvartana (punarAvartana) karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai| 54 isa prakAra kI mahatI sAdhanA meM nirata rahane ke uparAnta bhI AcArya bhadrabAhu ko saMghAdeza zirodhArya kara una sAdhuoM ko pUrvo kI vAcanA denA prArambha karanA pdd'aa| mahAmuni sthUlabhadra ke atirikta zeSa saba muni pUrvo kI vAcanA lene meM asamartha rhe| sthUlabhadra ne lagabhaga 8 pUrvo kI vAcanA nepAla meM rahate hue AcArya bhadrabAhu se lI aura nauveM tathA dazaveM pUrva kI vAcanA nepAla se pATaliputra kI ora bhadrabAhu ke vihAra kAla meM tathA pATaliputra meM lii| 'daza pUrvo kI vAcanA pUrNa hone para darzanArtha AI huI apanI bahinoM mahAsAdhvI yakSA evaM yakSadinnA ko muni sthUlabhadra ne apanI vidyA kA camatkAra btaayaa| isa ghaTanA ke pariNAma svarUpa AcArya bhadrabAhu ne mahAmuni sthUlabhadra jaise supAtra ziSya ko bhI antima cAra pUrvo ke jJAna ke liye apAtra ghoSita kara diyaa| saMgha dvArA anunaya-vinayapUrNa anurodha karane para unhoMne mahAmuni sthUlabhadra ko antima cAra pUrvo kI kevala mUlapATha kI hI vAcanA dI, arthasahita vAcanA phira bhI nahIM dii| 54. "yaha koI asambhava athavA asAdhya nahIM, dussAdhya avazya hai, kyoMki svapnazAstriyoM ke abhimatAnusAra lambe se lambA svapna vastutaH katipaya ine-gine kSaNoM kA hI hotA hai| suSuptyavasthA meM kucha hI kSaNoM ke svapna meM prANI varSoM meM dekhe jA sakanevAle dRzya dekha letA hai, isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mahAprANa dhyAna meM yaha saMbhava ho sakatA hai|" (jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa/ bhAga 3/pr.226-233)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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422 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / pra0 3 " prathama AgamavAcanA kI isa aitihAsika ghaTanA se do tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM / prathama to yaha ki ukta prathama AgamavAcanA meM AgamoM ke paramparAgata pAThoM ko jisa prakAra yathAvasthita rUpa meM vyavasthita kiyA gayA thA, usI rUpa meM ve Agama pATha samaya-samaya para huI dUsarI, tIsarI aura cauthI Agama-vAcanAoM meM vyavasthita kiye jAte rhe| aura dUsarA yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki prathama AgamavAcanA ke samaya taka bhI jaina dharmasaMgha meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana nahIM huA thA / yadi usa samaya mUrtipUjA kA pracalana ho gayA hotA, to usa kAla kI mUrtiyA~, mandira athavA unake avazeSa avazyameva hI kahIM na kahIM upalabdha hote / 44 9. dvitIya AgamavAcanA vIra ni0 saM0 329 meM kaliMgarAja mahAmeghavAhana khAravela ke prayAsa se kumArIparvata para huI / usa AgamavAcanA-sambandhI upalabdha prAcIna aitihAsika tathyoM se bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 329 taka bhI jainasaMgha meM mUrtipUjA kA athavA mandira - nirmANa kA pracalana nahIM huA thaa| usa AgamavAcanA ke anantara kumArIparvata para khAravela mahAmeghavAhana dvArA suvihita paramparA ke zramaNoM ke saMghahita ke kAryoM para vicAra-vimarza karane hetu ekatra hone aura baiThane ke liye eka saMghAyana ke nirmANa kA, niSadyA para jApa kI vyavasthA karane kA, yApakoM kI bhRti nizcita karane kA tathA mahArAnI ke liye kumArIparvata para niSadyA ke pAsa eka vizAla evaM bhavya vizrAmabhavana banavAye jAne kA to ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, kintu kisI mUrti kI sthApanA karane kA, pUjA karane kA athavA mandira ke nirmANa kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / 55 "10. tIsarI AgamavAcanA vIra ni0 saM0 830 meM ikkIsaveM vAcanAcArya Arya skandila ke tattvAvadhAna meM mathurA meM huI aura jisa prakAra cauthI antima AgamavAcanA ke samaya devarddhikSamAzramaNa ko samasta AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha karane ke liye vIra ni0 saM0 980 se 994 taka arthAt lagabhaga 14-15 varSoM taka vallabhI meM rahanA par3A, usI prakAra Arya skandila bhI vIra ni0 saM0 830 se 840 taka AgamavAcanA ko sampanna karane ke lie mathurA meM rhe| yadi jainasaMgha meM sarvasammatarUpa se mUrtipUjA kA pracalana ho gayA hotA, to Arya skandila jaise yugapravartaka evaM zrutazAstra kI rakSA karanevAle mahAn AcArya ke 10 varSa taka mathurA meM hI rahane kI avadhi meM nizcita rUpa se aneka mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA aura jinamaMdiroM kA nirmANa unake tattvAvadhAna meM huA hotaa| para sthiti isase bilkula bhinna hai| usa avadhi kI bAta to dUra, usa pUre zataka meM eka bhI jinamUrti athavA jinamandira ke nirmANa kA ullekha kahIM nahIM milatA / 55. " hAthIguMphA meM upalabdha kaliMgarAja mahAmeghavAhana khAravela ke zilAlekha kI paMkti saM0 15 aura 16 / " For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 / pra03 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 423 "Arya skandila kA nAma jaina itihAsa meM amara rhegaa| zrutazAstra kI rakSA kara unhoMne saMsAra para avismaraNIya anupama upakAra kiyA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke sabhI gaNoM, gacchoM evaM sampradAyoM ke anuyAyI sarvasammatarUpa se samaveta svara meM unheM apanA mahAn upakArI pUrvAcArya mAnate haiN| devarddhigaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne bhI nandisUtra ke AdimaMgala meM Apako pragAr3ha zraddhApUrvaka nimnalikhita bhAvabhare zabdoM meM vandana kiyA hai jesimimo aNuogo payarai anjAvi addddbhrhmmi| bahunagara niggayajase te vaMde khNdilaayrie|| 33 // ___ isI prakAra eka ajJAtakartRka prAcIna gAthA meM bhI Arya skandilAcArya dvArA kI gaI zrutarakSA kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| vaha prAcIna gAthA isa prakAra hai dubhikkhaMmi paNaDhe puNaravi miliya smnnsNghaao| mihurAe aNuogo pavaiyo khaMdilo suuri|| "apane yuga ke lokapUjya, mahAn anuyogapravartaka, AgamamarmajJa, zrutazAstra ke rakSaka AcArya skandila ke mAnasa meM yadi jinamandiranirmANa athavA mUrtipUjA ke prati kiMcitmAtra bhI sthAna athavA AkarSaNa hotA to unake eka hI parokSa iMgita para daza varSa ke unake mathurAvAsa kAla meM sahasroM jinamUrtiyoM aura saikar3oM jina mandiroM kA nirmANa ho jAtA aura kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI meM athavA mathurA ke vibhinna sthaloM meM purAtattva-vibhAga dvArA kI gaI khudAiyoM meM una mUrtiyoM evaM mandiroM ke athavA zilAlekhoM ke avazeSa nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM avazyameva purAtattva vibhAga ko prApta hote| para aisA kucha bhI nahIM huaa| kaMkAlI devI kA mandira aura jaina-bauddha stUpa AcArya skandila ke mathurA pravAsa se pahale hI bhUluMThita ho kaMkAlI TIle kA rUpa dhAraNa kara gaye hoM, isa prakAra kI AzaMkA ko bhI vahA~ se prApta aitihAsika evaM purAtAttvika avazeSoM ne nirmUla kara diyaa| kyoMki Arya skandila ke svargastha hone ke 60-64 varSa pazcAt kA eka zilAlekha, jisa para saMvat --- 99 (kaniSka saMvat 299) tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 904 uTTaMkita hai, kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI karate samaya upalabdha huA hai| mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya skandila lagabhaga vIra ni0 saM0 830 se 840 taka lagabhaga 10 varSa taka mathurA meM rahe para unake kisI bhI zramaNopAsaka athavA zramaNopAsikA ne vIra nirvANa kI 8vIM zatAbdI se 9 vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka arhat-mUrti kI pratiSThA athavA arhat-mandira kA nirmANa nahIM karavAyA, yaha eka nirvivAda tathya mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle evaM anyAnya sthAnoM se upalabdha zilAlekhoM se prakaTa hotA hai| "Arya skandila ne jisa samaya mathurA meM AgamavAcanA kI, ThIka usI samaya AcArya nAgArjuna ne bhI dakSiNa Adi sudUrastha prAntoM ke munisaMghoM ko vallabhI meM ekatrita For Personal & Private Use Only

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424 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra03 kara Agama vAcanA kii| Arya skandila kI bhA~ti AcArya nAgArjuna ko bhI usa AgamavAcanA, usa anuyogapravartana ke samaya lagabhaga 10 varSa taka to vallabhI meM rahanA hI par3A hogaa| AcArya nAgArjuna bhI yadi mUrtiyoM evaM mandiroM ke nirmANa tathA mUrtipUjA ke pakSadhara hote to unake samaya kI unake zramaNopAsakoM dvArA pratiSThApita mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM ke avazeSa-zilAlekha Adi kahIM na kahIM avazyameva upalabdha hote| parantu Aja taka bhArata ke kisI bhAga meM isa prakAra kA na koI zilAlekha hI upalabdha huA hai aura na koI mUrti athavA mandira kA avazeSa hii| "Arya skandila se lagabhaga 500 varSa pUrva hue kaliMgasamrAT mahAmeghavAhana khAravela bhikkhurAya ke kumArIparvata kI hAthIgumphA meM uTUMkita karAye gaye zilAlekha se bhI yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki usake zAsanakAla taka jainadharma-saMgha meM mUrtipUjA evaM mandiranirmANa kA pracalana nahIM huA thaa|56 khAravela kA yaha zilAlekha jainadharma ke sambandha meM aba taka prakAza meM Aye hue zilAlekhoM meM sabase prAcIna aura sabase bar3A zilAlekha hai| isameM Aja taka anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hue mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika tathyoM ke sAtha-sAtha khAravela dvArA apane 13 varSoM (vIra ni0 saM0 316 se 329 taka) ke zAsanakAla meM kiye gaye sabhI mahattvapUrNa kAryoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai|" (jai. dha. mau. i./ bhA.3 / pR.226-233)| "isa pUre abhilekha meM eka bhI naye jinamandira ke nirmANa kA, kisI eka bhI prAcIna jinamandira ke jIrNoddhAra kA, mUrti kI pratiSThA kA athavA mUrti kI pUjA kA kahIM nAmamAtra ke lie bhI ullekha nahIM hai| isa abhilekha meM kaliMgapati mahAmeghavAhana khAravela ko prajA ke kSema-kuzala ke liye sadA satata nirata rahane ke kAraNa 'kSemarAja,' rAjya, rAjakoSa aura prajA kI sukha-samRddhi meM sadA abhivRddhi karate rahane ke kAraNa varddharAja, bhikSuoM, jaina zramaNoM kA parama bhakta rahane ke kAraNa bhikSurAja aura magadharAja puSyamitra ke atyAcAroM se jainadharma kI athavA jainadharmAvalambiyoM kI rakSA karane ke kAraNa dharmarAja kI viziSTa upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra pragAr3ha viSNubhakti ke pariNAmasvarUpa hindU vaiSNavaparamparA ke purANoM meM mahArAja ambarISa ko paramabhAgavata ke pada se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra kaliMgapati khAravela ko bhI unakI utkaTa arhadbhakti ko dekhate hue yadi paramArhata pada se vibhUSita kiyA jAya, to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| isa prakAra ke paramArhata jinazAsanasevA Adi 56. AcArya hastImala jI ne hAthIgumphAbhilekha meM 'kaliMgajina' ke ullekha ko jinapratimA kA ullekha nahIM mAnA hai| jisa paMkti meM yaha ullekha hai, usa bArahavIM paMkti kA artha unhoMne isa prakAra kiyA hai-"aura magadha ke --- dhana ko bhI vaha khAravela le gyaa|" (jai. dha.mau.i./ bhA.3/ pR. 235) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 5 / pra0 3 purAtattva meM digambara- paramparA ke pramANa / 425 dhArmika kArya-kalApoM meM atyadhika ruci rakhanevAlA mahArAjA khAravela apane teraha varSoM ke zAsanakAla meM rAjaprAsAdoM, nagaradvAroM, nagara- prAkAra, phavvAroM, tAloM, bA~dhoM, bAga-bagIcoM, upavanoM kA jIrNoddhAra, punarnirmANa, saMskAra to karavAye, nRtyagIta, vAdya, nATaka, utsava, saMgoSThiyoM kA Ayojana kara nagaranivAsiyoM kA manoraMjana kare, rAjasUyayajJa ke anuSThAna ke pazcAt aneka prakAra ke janakalyANakArI kArya kare, brAhmaNoM ko vipulatara mahArghya yA cala-acala sampatti kA dAna kare, ar3atIsa lAkha mudrAoM ke vyaya se mahAvijayaprAsAda kA nirmANa karavAye, ketubhadra yakSa kI tiktakASTha se banI ativizAlakAya mUrti ko nagara meM mahotsavapUrvaka nikAle, arhat- niSadyA ( arhat-samAdhi) para yApa - jApakoM dvArA prANimAtra ke kuzalakSema ke lie jApa karavAye / yApa - jApakoM ko rAjabhRtiyA~ pradAna kara unheM usI prakAra japa- jApa meM nirata rahane kI AjJA de aura apanI paTTamahiSI ghRSTi ke lie arhat-samAdhi ke pAsa hI pacahattara lAkha mudrAe~ vyaya kara ratnajaTita stambhoMvAlA atiramaNIya ativizAla vizrAmAgAra banavAye, para eka bhI mUrti kI pratiSThA na kare, eka bhI mandira kA nirmANa athavA jIrNoddhAra na kare, kisI jinamUrti athavA jinamandira kI pUjA Adi ke lie eka bhI rAjabhRti pradAna na kare, to isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki khAravela ke zAsanakAla taka jainadharma meM mUrtipUjA aura mandira nirmANa kA na kevala pracalana hI nahIM huA thA, apitu mUrtipUjA ke liye dharmakRtyoM meM vidhividhAna na hone ke kAraNa kisI bhI jainadharmAlambI ke mana, mastiSka evaM hRdaya meM inake liye koI sthAna bhI nahIM thA / yadi khAravela ke zAsanakAla taka jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana ho gayA hotA, to jahA~ khAravela ne suvihita - paramparA zramaNoM ke lie saMghAyana kA nirmANa karavAyA, arhat-samAdhi (niSadyA) para kSema - kuzala hetu japa-jApa karanevAloM ke lie rAjabhRtiyA~ pradAna kIM, mahArAnI ke liye yadA kadA usa ramaNIya paMvitra parvata para Agamana ke avasaroM para vizrAma hetu arhat-samAdhi sthala ke samIpa bhavya vizrAmAgAra banavAyA, usI prakAra vahA~ ve eka na eka jinamandira kA nirmANa evaM mUrti kI pratiSThA avazya karavAte aura unakI niyamita pUjA - vyavasthA hetu pujAriyoM ke liye bhUmidAna, grAmadAna Adi ke rUpa meM rAjabhRti kI vyavasthA nizcitarUpa se karate evaM zilAlekha meM anyAnya kAryoM kA jisa prakAra kramazaH ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra ina Atyantika mahattva ke kAryoM kA bhI nizcitarUpa se ullekha kiyA jaataa| isa zilAlekha kI 17vIM paMkti meM khAravela ko sarvadevAyatana-saMskAraka batAyA gayA hai| yadi usake rAjyakAla taka jainoM athavA bauddhoM meM mUrtipUjA evaM mandiranirmANa kA pracalana ho gayA hotA, to ve jaina evaM bauddha mandira bhI tUphAna meM avazyameva kSatigrasta hote aura khAravela tUphAna meM kSatigrasta hue prAsAda, prAkAra, rAjamahala, upavana, phavvAroM Adi kI taraha una jaina mandiroM va bauddha mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra bhI avazya krvaataa| itanA hI nahIM, yadi khAravela ke samaya taka jainoM athavA bauddhoM meM mUrtipUjA evaM mandiranirmANa For Personal & Private Use Only w

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426 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / pra0 3 prati pragAr3ha kA pracalana ho gayA hotA, to khAravela jaisA paramArhata evaM jainadharma niSThA rakhanevAlA rAjA kaliMga kI rAjadhAnI meM aura kumArIparvata para eka do jaina mandiroM kA navya-bhavya nirmANa to avazyameva hI karavAtA / kintu zilAlekha sAkSI hai ki aisA kucha bhI nahIM kiyA gayA / " khAravela ke isa zilAlekha se prakAza meM Aye ina tathyoM para itihAsajJa svayaM vicArakara nirNaya kareM ki ve kisa satya kI ora iMgita kara rahe haiN| " khAravela ke isa zilAlekha se eka yaha tathya bhI prakAza meM AtA hai ki vIranirvANa se lekara isa zilAlekha ke uTTaMkanakAla (vIra ni0 saM0 379) taka mUrtipUjA aura mandiranirmANa kA pracalana bauddhoM meM bhI nahIM huA thA / yadi uparyukta avadhi meM bauddhoM meM mUrtipUjA athavA mandiranirmANa kA pracalana ho gayA hotA, to maurya samrAT azoka jaisA apane samaya kA bauddhadharma kA sabase bar3A upAsaka rAjA kaliMgavijaya ke pazcAt kaliMga meM kisI bhavya bauddha mandira athavA pratimA kA nirmANa avazya karavAtA aura sarvadharmoM ke devAyatanoM ke saMskAra ke viruda se vibhUSita khAravela usa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra avazyameva karavAtA tathA usa jIrNoddhAra kA ullekha isa zilAlekha meM nizcita rUpa se hotaa| isI prakAra uparyukta avadhi meM kisI samaya jainadharma meM bhI mUrtipUjA athavA mandiranirmANa ko koI sthAna milA hotA, to khAravela ke siMhAsanArUr3ha hone ke kevala 26 varSa pahale svargastha huA maurya samrAT samprati bhI kaliMga kI rAjadhAnI athavA pavitra kumArIparvata para avazyameva jinamUrti kI pratiSThApanA aura jainamandira kA nirmANa krvaataa| khAravela ke siMhAsanArUr3ha hone se pUrva kaliMga meM Aye tUphAna meM jisa prakAra rAjaprAsAda, bhavana- gopura, prAkAra Adi bhUluNThita athavA kSatigrasta hue, usI prakAra koI na koI jaina mandira bhI kSatigrasta hotA aura paramArhata khAravela dvArA usake jIrNoddhAra kA isa zilAlekha meM avazya hI ullekha hotA / (jai.dha. mau.i. / bhA. 3 / pR. 236 - 238 ) / " para vastusthiti isase pUrNata: viparIta hai, kyoMki khAravela ne apane 16 varSa ke rAjyakAla meM dharmarakSA, dharmAbhyudaya aura lokakalyANa ke aneka kArya kiye, para na kisI mUrti kI pratiSThA kI, na eka bhI mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA aura na ketubhadra yakSa kI vizAlakAya kASThamUrti ke atirikta kisI mUrti athavA mandira ke kisI utsava kA hI Ayojana kiyaa| " isa prakAra isa zilAlekha meM ullikhita tathya satyAnveSI sabhI dharmAcAryoM, itihAsavidoM, zodhArthiyoM, gaveSakoM aura prabuddha tattvajijJAsuoM ko una niyuktiyoM, cUrNiyoM, mahAbhASyoM, paTTAvaliyoM evaM anyAnya granthoM ke una sabhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra03 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 427 ullekhoM para kSIra-nIra-vivekapUrNa niSpakSa dRSTi se gahana vicAra karane kI preraNA dete haiM, jinameM maurya samrAT paramAhata samprati ke liye kahA gayA hai ki usane tInoM khaNDoM kI pRthvI ko jinamandiroM se maNDita kara diyA thaa| "yaha to eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki khAravela kA hAthIguMphAvAlA uparivarNita zilAlekha niyuktiyoM, cUrNiyoM, bhASyoM evaM paTTAvaliyoM se aneka zatAbdiyoM pUrva kA hai| ye niyuktiyA~ Adi vastutaH isa zilAlekha se bahuta pIche kI kRtiyA~ haiN| prasiddha purAtattvavid vidyAmahodadhi zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla, ema0 e0, bAra eTa laoN ne to isa zilAlekha ke sambandha meM yahA~ taka likhA hai 1. "--- para aitihAsika ghaTanAoM aura jIvanacarita ko aMkita karanevAlA bhAratavarSa kA yaha sabase pahalA zilAlekha hai|"57 2. "jainadharma kA yaha aba taka sabase prAcIna lekha hai|"58 3. "mAlUma rahe ki koI jainagrantha itanA purAnA nahIM hai, jitanA ki yaha lekha hai|" 59 "eka ora to vIra ni0 kI cauthI zatAbdI meM uTUMkita khAravela ke sarvAdhika prAcIna zilAlekha meM vividha dharmakAryoM kA vivaraNa hote hue bhI mUrtipUjA athavA mandiranirmANa kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM, aura dUsarI ora isa zilAlekha se kramazaH 800, 900, 1370 aura isase bhI bar3e uttaravartI kAla ke bhASyakAroM,6deg cUrNikAroM,61 pariziSTa-parvakAroM aura paTTAvalIkAroM 62 dvArA sthAna-sthAna para mUrtipUjA aura jinamandiranirmANa ke ullekhoM ke sAtha-sAtha khAravela ke siMhAsanArUr3ha hone se kevala 23 varSa 57. kaliMgacakravartI mahArAja ke zilAlekha kA vivaraNa (kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kI ora se san 1928 meM prakAzita) / pRSTha 2 / 58. vahI / pRSTha 6 / 59. vahI / pRSTha 11 / 60. aNuyANe aNuyAti, pupphArUhANAi ukkhiirnngaaii| pUyaM ca cetiyANaM, te vi sarajjesu kAreti // 5754 // nizIthabhASya / bhAga 4 / pR.131 / 61. "aNujANaM rahajattA tesu so rAyA aNujANaMti bhaDacaDagasahito raheNa saha hiMDati, rahesu pupphArUhaNaM kareMti, rahagato ya vividhaphale khajjage ya kabaDDaga vatthamAdI ya ukkhIraNe kareMti, annesiM ca ceiyagharaThiyANaM ceiyA pUyaM kareMti, te vi ya rAyANo evaM ceva sarajjesu kaarveNti||" 5747 // nishiithcuurnni| 62. "yena sampratinA trikhaNDamitApi mahI jinaprAsAdamaNDitA vihitaa|" tpaagcch-pttttaavlii| racanAkAla vIranirvANa saM.2116 / vi.saM.1646 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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428 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra03 pUrva svargastha hue samprati dvArA sthAna-sthAna para jinamandiroM ke nirmANa karavAye jAne aura trikhaNDa kI bhUmi ko jinamandiroM se maNDita kara diye jAne ke anekazaH ullekha kiye gaye haiN| ___ "vIra ni0 saM0 316 se vIra ni0 saM0 329 taka eka paramadharmaniSTha jaina rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM kiye gaye dharmakAryoM evaM anyAnya pramukha kAryoM ke vivaraNa meM mUrtipUjA kA, mandira nirmANa kA, rathayAtrA kA, ratha para puSpavarSA kA, ratha ke Age aneka prakAra ke phaloM, vividha khAdya-padArthoM, kaur3iyoM evaM vastra Adi kI uchAla kA koI ullekha nahIM, aura usa lekha se 800 se lekara 1800 varSa pazcAt likhe gaye granthoM meM mUrtipUjA, mandiranirmANa, rathayAtrA Adi ke uttarottara atiraMjita abhivRddhi ke sAtha ullekha haiN| yaha eka isa prakAra kI sthiti hai jo sarvasAdhAraNa ko haThAt bar3e asamaMjasa meM DAla dene ke sAtha tattvajijJAsuoM, tathya ke gaveSakoM evaM itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhanevAle vijJoM ke mana-mastiSka meM vicAra-manthana utpanna kara detI hai| "yaha to eka sarvasammata nirvivAda satya hai ki vIranirvANa ke pazcAt 329 (316 se 329 taka khAravela kA zAsanakAla) se 379 (hAthIguMphA ke zilAlekha ke uTheMkana kA anumAnita kAla) varSa kI avadhi ke bIca jo tathya zilA para uTTaMkita kiye gaye haiM, ve vIra ni0 saM0 1100, 1200, 1700 aura 2116 meM nibaddha kiye gaye bhASya, cUrNi, pariziSTaparva, tapAgaccha-paTTAvalI Adi granthoM ke ullekhoM kI apekSA nizcitarUpeNa adhika prAmANika evaM parama vizvasanIya aura tathyaparaka haiN| (jai.dha. mau.i./ bhA. 3 / pR. 238-140) / "ina saba tathyoM se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mUrtipUjA kA pracalana caityavAsIparamparA aura yApanIya-paramparA ne kAlAntara meM prArambha kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ratnatrayadeva kI pUjA ke anantara yApanIya-paramparA ne caraNacihnoM kI pUjA kA aura tadanantara mUrtipUjA evaM mandiranirmANa Adi kA pracalana kiyaa| "zrutasAgara sUri dvArA yApanIyaparamparA kI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM jo 'ratnatrayaM pUjayanti' vAkya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, isakI puSTi, cikka mAgar3i meM avasthita vasavaNNamandira ke prAMgaNa meM jo eka stambhalekha vidyamAna hai, usase bhI hotI hai| isa ati vistRta zilAlekha ke antima bhAga meM ratnatrayadeva kI vasadi ke sambandha meM jo ullekha hai vaha nimnalikhita rUpa meM hai ___ "--- tatpAdapadmopajIvizrImanmahApradhAna bAhattara niyogAdhipati mahApracaMDadaMDanAyakaM recidevarasanAmA guliya ratnatrayadevarabasadiyAcAryyar bhAnukIrti-siddhAntadevaraM barisi munnaM samadhigata-paMcamahAzabdamahAmaNDalezvaraM banavAsipuravarAdhIzvaraM padmAvatIdevIlabdhavaraprasAda For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra03 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 429 mRgamadAmodaM mArkolabhairavaM kAdambakaNThI --- kAminIlolaM husivarazUlaM nigalaMka mallanasu hRt sella gaNDara dAvaNi subhaTaziromaNi ityakhilanAmAvalI samAlaMkRtanappa vAppa deva --- baliya-bADaM talaveyaM tribhogAbhyantara-vizuddhiyi-sarvvabAdhAparihAraM-sarva-namazyavAgiparikalpisidudaM zakavarSa-nUra-nAlkaneya --- suddha paMcamI budhavAradandA ratnatrayadevarabhiSekAdyaMgabhoga-raMga-bhogakkaM RSiyarAhAra-dAnakkaM vidyArthigala --- basadi pesa --- khaNDa spu (spho) Tita jINNoddhArakkavendu A zrImanmUlasaMghada kANUggaNada tintrikagacchada nunnavaMzada zrImadbhAnukIrti siddhAnta --- koTTa --- mahApradhAnaM kRtajayAkarSaNavidhAnaM dhanurvidyAdhanaMjaya nAkarSiNataraNarabhasabhItabhU --- da vidyAdharaM kAvyakalAdharanenipamurArikezada-devaMge dharma pratipAlanamaM samarpisidanAtanaM prabhAvamentedoDe // " 63 "isameM ratnatrayadeva-vasadi aura ratnatrayadeva ke abhiSeka, aMga-bhoga, raMga-bhoga aura vahA~ rahanevAle muniyoM aura vidyArthiyoM ke AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA hetu mUlasaMgha, kANUrgaNa, tintriNIkagaccha, nannavaMza ke AcArya bhAnukIrti-siddhAntadeva ko dAna kiye jAne kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isase "ratnatrayaM pUjayanti" isa uparyullikhita ullekha kI puSTi hotI hai ki yApanIyasaMgha meM ratnatraya (samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyagcAritra) deva kI pUjA kiye jAne kA pUrvakAla meM pracalana thaa| isa lekha meM ratnatrayadeva-mandira ke jIrNoddhAra kA bhI isa dAna ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM ullekha hone se yaha svataH hI siddha ho jAtA hai ki zaka saMvat (?) 104 tadanusAra IsavI san (?) 182 meM jisa vakta yaha dAna diyA gayA, yaha ratnatrayadeva kA mandira athavA basadi kA bhavana atiprAcIna hone ke kAraNa jIrNazIrNa ho cukA thaa| ratnatrayadeva kI basadi ke atiprAcIna aura jIrNazIrNa hone ke ullekha se bhI yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yApanIyaparamparA meM prArambhika kAla meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrti ke sthAna para ratnatrayadeva kI pUjA kI paripATI pracalita thii| (jai.dha.mau.i. / bhA. 3 / pR.240-241)| __ AcArya zrI hastImala jI 'jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa' ke dvitIya bhAga meM muni zrI kAntisAgara jI ke mata ko uddhRta karate hue likhate haiM-"samprati ke sambandha meM katipaya jainagranthoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai ki usane bhArata ke Arya evaM anArya pradezoM meM itane jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karavAyA ki ve sAre pradeza jinamandiroM se suzobhita ho gye|64 63. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha / bhAga 3 / lekha saM. 408 / 64. "yena sampratinA trikhaMDamitApi mahI jinaprAsAdamaNDitA vihitA, sAdhuveza-dhArinijavaMzapuruSa preSaNenAnAryadeze'pi sAdhuvihAraH kaaritH|" (tpaagcch-pttttaavlii)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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430 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra03 "rAjA samprati dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM ke sambandha meM prasiddha jainaitihAsavettA sva0 muni zrI kAntisAgara jI ne kucha aMzoM kI jo pANDulipi taiyAra kI, usake etadviSayaka aMza ko yahA~ avikala rUpa se diyA jA rahA hai "yaha eka Azcarya kI bAta hai ki mauryasAmrAjya ke itihAsa meM samprati ke saMbaMdha meM jo kucha bhI ullekha milatA hai, vaha usake kRtitva para vAstavika prakAza nahIM ddaaltaa| jaina sAhitya meM samprati ke sambandha meM vizada vivecana upalabdha hai| usa vivecana ke anusAra samprati ne jaina saMskRti ke pracAra va prasAra ke liye apane putroM tathA asUryampazyA kahalAne-vAlI apanI putriyoM taka ko kRtrima muniyoM kA va sAdhviyoM kA veSa dhAraNa karavA kara apane anekoM sAmantoM ke sAtha dUra-dUra pradezoM meM bhijavAyA aura isa taraha azoka ke Adarza ko sampati ne apane jIvana meM bhI mUrta rUpa diyaa| "cUrNi aura niyuktiyoM meM yaha bhI sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki samprati ne pracura mAtrA meM jinamUrtiyoM kI, mandiroM evaM devazAlAoM meM sthApanA karavAkara jaina saMskRti aura sabhyatA ko sthAna-sthAna para phailAyA thaa| "jahA~ taka jainamUrti-vidhAna evaM upalabdha purAtana avazeSoM kA prazna hai, yaha binA kisI saMkoca ke kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAjA samprati dvArA nirmita mandira yA mUrtiyA~ bhAratavarSa ke kisI bhI bhAga meM Aja taka upalabdha nahIM ho pAI haiN| zvetapASANa kI kohanI ke samIpa gA~Tha ke AkAra ke cihnavAlI pratimAe~ jaina samAja meM prasiddha rahI haiM aura una sabhI kA sambandha rAjA samprati se sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| aisI pratimAoM ke aneka sthAnoM para pratiSThApita hone kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| merI vinamra sammati ke anusAra ye zveta pASANa kI pratimAe~ samprati athavA maurya kAla kI to kyA, taduttaravartI kAla kI bhI nahIM kahI jA sktiiN| "dazama sadI se pUrva ke bahuta kama aise zilpAvazeSa mile haiM, jo zveta prastaroM para utkIrNita hoN| mauryakAla meM adhikatara prAdezika patthara hI zilpakalA meM vyavahRta hote the| mauryakAla kI mUrtiyA~ jitanI bhI upalabdha haiM, lagabhaga sabhI sacikkaNa haiN| ye pratimAe~ apanI zailI ke kAraNa dUra se hI pahicAnI jA sakatI haiN| paTanA-lohAnIpurA mohalle se nikalI kucha khaNDita pratimAe~ paTanA-myUjiyama meM surakSita haiN| eka bAta aura bhI hai ki mandira banavAne ke sambandha meM bhI yadi spaSTa kahA jAve, to sthiti sandehAtmaka hI hai, kAraNa ki mauryazAsita pradezoM meM jahA~ kahIM bhI utkhanana huA hai, vahA~ inake avazeSa yA cihna kahIM nahIM mile haiN| yadi samprati rAjA ne itanA vizada zailpika nirmANa karavAyA hotA, to kama se kama kahIM na kahIM to inake avazeSoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra03 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 431 evaM cihnoM kI prApti honI cAhie thii| ina bAtoM ke bAvajUda bhI yaha to svIkAra karanA hI paDegA ki jainatva ke prati rAjA samprati ke hRdaya meM agAdha zraddhA aura AsthA thii| __ "videzoM meM samanIyA jAti kahI jAtI hai| vaha asambhava nahIM, samprati-kAlika pracAra evaM puruSArtha kA hI pratiphala ho| zramaNa aura samanIyA kA sAmya spaSTa hai| kAlAntara meM ucita jaina saMskAroM ke abhAva meM samanIyA jAti meM se jainatva ke saMskAra vilupta ho gaye hoM, para nAma samaNIyA Aja bhI jyoM kA tyoM banA huA hai| ___ "uparyukta vicAroM para pAThaka taTasthatA se cintana kara tathya para pahu~cane kA prayAsa . kreN|" (jai. dha. mau. i./ bhA. 2 / pR. 459-460) / sabhI prAcIna nagna jinapratimAe~ digambarIya prAcInakAla meM zvetAmbaraparamparA meM mandira-mUrti ke nirmANa evaM pUjana kI prathA ke abhAva ke viSaya meM mAnya zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI dvArA prastuta uparyukta (zIrSaka 2 meM varNita) pramANa yuktisaMgata pratIta hote haiN| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki mUrtipUjA kI prathA zvetAmbarasampradAya kI maulika prathA nahIM hai, apitu bAhara se AyI hai| ve likhate haiM-"tIsarI-cauthI zatI se vaidikaparamparA ke prabhAva se pUjAvidhAna aura tAntrika sAdhanAe~ jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM praviSTa ho gyiiN|" ('jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA'/ pR.12)| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki "AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI Adi prAcIna AmamoM meM jinapUjA kI vidhi kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa|" (vhii/pR.35)| isake viparIta DaoNkTara sA0 ne yaha bhI mAnA hai ki "yadyapi jainadharma meM mUrti aura mandira-nirmANa kI paramparA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga sau varSa pazcAt nandoM ke kAla se prArambha ho gaI thI, har3appA se prApta eka nagna kabandha jaina hai yA nahIM, yaha nirNaya kara pAnA kaThina hai, kintu lohAnIpura paTanA se prApta mauryakAlIna jinapratimA isa tathya kA saMketa hai ki jainadharma meM mUrti-upAsanA kI paramparA rahI hai, tathApi usameM yaha saba apanI sahavartI paramparAoM ke prabhAva se AyA hai|" (vahI/ pR. 34) / spaSTa hai ki isa pramANa se digambaramata meM atiprAcInakAla se pracalita mUrtipUjA kA samarthana hotA hai| AcArya hastImala jI ke dvArA prastuta pramANa aura DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA yaha mata ki zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM pUjApaddhati kA praveza tIsarI-cauthI zatI meM vaidikaparamparA For Personal & Private Use Only

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432 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra03 ke prabhAva se huA hai, hameM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cAte haiM ki zvetAmbaraparamparA meM mUrtinirmANa prArambha hone ke pUrva taka, mandiranirmANa evaM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana nahIM thaa| sabase prAcIna upalabdha zvetAmbara jinapratimA jIvanta svAmI kI hai, jo chaThI zatI I0 meM nirmita huI thii| saMbhavataH isI samaya se zvetAmbarasampradAya meM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana huaa| yaha isakA jvalanta pramANa hai ki jitanI bhI prAcIna nagna jinapratimAe~ upalabdha huI haiM, ve saba digambara-paramparA kI haiN| yApanIya-sampradAya kI utpatti pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke prAraMbha meM huI thI, ataH pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke pUrva kI koI bhI nagna jinapratimA yApanIyaparamparA se sambaddha nahIM hai| hA~, kaMkAlI TIle meM upalabdha kucha nagna jinapratimAe~, jinake pAdapITha para ardhaphAlakadhArI sAdhu mUrtita haiM, ardhaphAlakasampradAya kI haiN| nagna-jinapratimA-nirmANa evaM pUjana kA prArambha . digambaraparamparA dvArA uparyukta pramANoM se siddha hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI nagna pratimAoM kA nirmANa aura pUjana atyanta prAcInakAla se (kama se kama sindhusabhyatA ke yuga se) kevala digambaraparamparA meM hI hotA AyA hai aura vaha kevala usI ke siddhAntoM ke anukUla hai| IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM utpanna ardhaphAlaka sampradAya tathA IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI meM udbhUta yApanIyasampradAya ne bhI nagna jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa evaM pUjana kI prathA digambaroM se hI grahaNa kI thii| ataH sindhusabhyatAyuga, nandapUrvayuga ( yA mahAvIrayuga ), mauryayuga, zuMgayuga, kuSANayuga, guptayuga aura guptottarayuga meM nirmita nagna jinapratimAoM kI upalabdhi se siddha hai ki digambara jaina-paramparA aitihAsika dRSTi se kama se kama IsA se 2400 varSa purAnI hai| isalie yaha kahanA ki use boTika zivabhUti ne prathama zatI I0 meM yA AcArya kundakunda ne pA~cavI zatI I0 (vikrama kI chaThI zatI) meM pravartita kiyA thA, eka mahAn aitihAsika satya kA abhadra apalApa hai| A0 hastImala jI ke mata ke aprAmANika. aMza pUrvoddhRta (isI prakaraNa ke zIrSaka 2 meM uddhRta) vaktavya meM AcArya zrI hastImala jI kA yaha mantavya pramANaviruddha hai ki "jainasampradAya meM mUrtipUjA evaM mandiranirmANa kA pracalana ratnatrayapUjA evaM caraNacihnapUjA ke krama se yApanIyoM ne kiyA thA," kyoMki har3appA aura lohAnIpura se prApta jinapratimAe~ IsA se kramazaH 2400 varSa aura 300 varSa purAnI haiM, jo jaina-paramparA meM IsA se 2400 varSa pUrva mandira-mUrti-nirmANa evaM For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05/pra03 purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 433 mUrti-pUjana kI prathA kA akATya pramANa haiN| usa samaya yApanIyasampradAya kA janma hI nahIM huA thaa| ataH. yaha nirvivAda hai ki mandiramUrti-nirmANa evaM mUrtipUjA kA pracalana digambara-paramparA dvArA hI kiyA gayA thaa| isake atirikta 'yApanIya ratnatraya kI pUjA karate haiM' zrutasAgara sUri ke isa kathana kI puSTi ke lie AcArya jI ne jo cikkamAgar3i ke stambhalekha kA udAharaNa diyA hai, vaha yApanIyasaMgha kA nahIM hai, apitu mUlasaMgha kA hai| usameM spaSTa likhA hai-"zrImanmUlasaMghada kANUraggaNada tintrikagacchada ---" (dekhiye, isI prakaraNa kA zIrSaka 2) / yadyapi muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne yApanIyasaMgha ko mUlasaMgha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai, kintu vaha upalabdha pramANoM se viphala ho jAtI hai| isakA sAkSAtkAra 'yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa' nAmaka saptama adhyAya meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| tathA kANaragaNa yA krANaragaNa evaM tintrika yA tintriNIka gaccha bhI mUlasaMgha ke hI haiM, yApanIyasaMgha ke nhiiN|65 ataH ukta stambhalekha se yApanIyoM kI kisI dhArmika kriyA kI puSTi nahIM hotii| vaha mUlasaMgha kI dhArmika kriyA kA jJApaka hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki mUlasaMgha meM ratnatrayadeva kA bhI mandira (vasadi) hotA thaa| arthAt sarasvatI kI pratimA ke samAna ratnatrayadeva kI bhI pratimA banAyI jAtI thI aura mandira meM pratiSThita kara usakA abhiSeka-pUjana kiyA jAtA thaa| aisI eka ratnatraya-vasadi kI carcA 1587 I0 ke ratnatrayabasadi-bIligi-(uttara kanaDA, maisUra)-abhilekha meM bhI hai, jisameM mUlasaMgha-desigaNa-pustakagaccha ke zravaNabelagula maTha ke cArukIrti paNDita (bhaTTAraka) kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|66 isase isa vicAra kI puSTi hotI hai ki mUlasaMgha meM ratnatrayadeva kI pratimA mandira meM pratiSThita kI jAtI thI aura pUjI jAtI thii| yaha koI Apattijanaka bAta nahIM thii| Aja bhI mUlasaMgha meM samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra, dazalakSaNadharma Adi AtmapariNAmoM kI kAlpanika mUrti banAye binA hI pUjA kI jAtI hai| isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki mUlasaMgha meM jinapratimAoM kI pUjA nahIM hotI thii| mUlasaMgha meM jinapratimAoM kI pUjA-arcanA to IsApUrva tIna hajAra varSa se hotI A rahI hai, yaha pUrva pramANoM se siddha hai| isI prakAra yadi zrutasAgarasUri ne daMsaNapAhuDa (gA.11) kI TIkA meM yaha likhA hai ki 'yApanIya ratnatraya ko pUjate haiM' to yaha isa bAta kA sabUta nahIM hai ki ve usa samaya jinapratimA ko nahIM pUjate the| zrutasAgarasUri ne yApanIyoM ko paJcajainAbhAsoM meM zAmila karate hue kahA hai ki jainAbhAsoM ke dvArA jo aJcalikArahita nagnamUrti 65. dekhie , adhyAya 7 / prakaraNa 3 / zIrSaka 4 tathA adhyAya 8/ prakaraNa 3 / zIrSaka 1 / 66. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha / bhAratIya jJAnapITha / bhA.4 / lekha kr.490| For Personal & Private Use Only

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434 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra03 bhI pratiSThita kI jAtI hai, vaha vandanIya aura pUjanIya nahIM hai|67 aJcalikAsahita jinamUrti to zvetAmbaroM ke dvArA pratiSThita kI jAtI hai, ataH zeSa cAra jainAbhAsa arthAt kASThAsaMgha (gopucchaka), mAthurasaMgha (niSpicchika), drAvir3asaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha nagna jinapratimA pratiSThita karate the| isase spaSTa hai ki zrutasAgarasUri kI mAnyatAnusAra yApanIya jinapratimA-pUjaka bhI the| san 475-480 I0 ke 68 devagiri-dAnapatra meM ullekha hai ki kRSNavarman ke putra devavarman ne arahanta bhagavAn ke caityAlaya ke bhagnasaMskAra tathA arcA-pUjA ke lie yApanIyasaMgha ko bhUmi dAna kiyA thaa|69 isase jJAta hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha meM lagabhaga apane janma ke samaya (cauthI zatI I0) se hI mUrti pUjA pracalita thii| isase AcArya hastImala jI kA yaha kathana pramANaviruddha siddha hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha Arambha meM ratnatraya ko pUjatA thA, phira usameM tIrthaMkara ke caraNacihnoM kI pUjA prArambha huI, usake bAda jinapratimA pUjI jAne lgii| tathA AcArya jI ne 'cikkamAgar3i' ke uparyukta stambhalekha ko zakasaMvat 104 tadanusAra IsavI san 182 kA batalAyA hai| kintu zilAlekhoM ke vizeSajJa DaoN0 gulAbacandra jI caudharI ne likhA hai ki 'mUlasaMgha' kA sarvaprathama ullekha 370 I0 evaM 425 I0 ke noNamaMgala-tAmrapaTTikA-lekhoM (kra0 90 aura 94) meM huA hai| ataH AcArya jI kA uparyukta mata bhI aprAmaNika hai| isa prakAra yahI mata prAmANika ThaharatA hai ki nagna jinapratimA ke nirmANa evaM pUjana kA pracalana IsA se kama se kama DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI nirgranthaparamparA, jo Age calakara mUlasaMgha evaM digambarajainasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huI, usameM hI huA thaa| usI kA anukaraNa uttarakAlIna ardhaphAlakasampradAya evaM yApanIyasampradAya ne kiyaa| zvetAmbarasampradAya meM yA to dIrghakAla taka mUrtipUjA ko mAnyatA nahIM dI gayI athavA IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva taka anagna evaM acela jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa evaM pUjana hotA thA, tatpazcAt savastra yA aMcalikAyukta tIrthaMkarapratimAoM kA nirmANa Arambha huaa| isalie IsA se 2400 varSa pahale nirmita har3appA kI nagna jinapratimA evaM IsA se 300 varSa pUrva banI lohAnIpura kI nagna tIrthaMkara pratimA digambaraparamparA kI pratimAe~ haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se digambarajaina-paramparA IsA se kama se kama DhAI hajAra varSa pUrvavartI hai| 67. "yA paJcajainAbhAsairaJcalikArahitApi nagnamUrtirapi pratiSThitA sa na vandanIyA, na cArcanIyA c|" bodhapAhuDa-TIkA / gA. 10 / / 68. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye / 'anekAnta'/ mahAvIranirvANa vizeSAMka / 1975 ii0| 69. "arhataH bhagavataH caityAlayasya bhagnasaMskArArcanamahimA) yApanIyasaGgrebhyaH --- dvAdaza nivartanAni kSetraM dttvaan|" jainazilAlekhasaMgraha / mANikacandra / bhA.2 / le. kra. 105 / 70. jainazilAlekha saMgraha / mANikacandra / bhA. 3 / prastA./ pR. 24 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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caturtha prakaraNa abhilekhoM meM nirgranthoM aura mUlasaMgha ke ullekha abhilekhIya pramANoM se bhI digambaraparamparA ke IsApUrvavartI hone kA samarthana hotA hai| prAcIna zilAlekhoM evaM tAmrapatralekhoM meM nirgrantha aura mUlasaMgha zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai, jo digambarasaMgha ke pUrvanAma haiN| samrATa azoka ne apane sAtaveM stambhalekha (IsA pUrva 242) meM likhavAyA hai ki usane sabhI dhArmika sampradAyoM tathA brAhmaNoM, AjIvikoM aura nirgranthoM ke kalyANakArI kAryoM kI dekharekha ke lie dharma-mahAmAtya kI niyukti kI thii|71 loka meM nirgrantha zabda digambarajaina muniyoM ke lie hI prasiddha thA, yaha pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA evaM mRgezavarmA nAmaka kadambavaMzIya rAjAoM ke abhilekhoM se pramANita hai| zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA ke tAmrapatralekha meM ullikhita hai ki usane zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha aura nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha ke upabhoga ke lie kAlavaGga nAmaka grAma kA dAna kiyA thaa| aura mRgezavarmA ke tAmrapaTTikA lekha meM kahA gayA hai ki usane yApanIyoM, nirgranthoM aura kUrcakoM ko bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| ina lekhoM meM zvetAmbaroM ke lie 'zvetapaTa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, yApanIyoM ke lie 'yApanIya' zabda aura kUrcakoM ke lie 'kUrcaka' zabda kaa| isake bAda digambara hI zeSa rahate haiN| ataH parizeSanyAya se siddha hotA hai ki 'nirgrantha' zabda digambaroM ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki azokayuga se lekara IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI taka 'nirgrantha' zabda digambaroM ke lie hI prayukta hotA A rahA thaa| isakI puSTi / isa tathya se bhI hotI hai ki azokakAlIna bauddha grantha apadAna meM zvetAmbaramuni 'zvetavastra' zabda se abhihita kiye gaye haiM 72 aura yApanIyoM tathA kUrcakoM kA usa samaya astitva nahIM thaa| ataH yaha nirvivAda hai ki azokayuga meM digambara hI 'nirgrantha' zabda se prasiddha the| digambaroM ke lie 'nirgrantha' zabda ke prayoga kI prAcInatA ko DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM-"nirgranthasaMgha mUlasaMgha se bhinna nahIM thaa| yaha una acela zramaNoM kA varga thA, jo bhadrabAhu ke pUrva yA bhadrabAhu ke samaya se dakSiNabhArata meM vicaraNa kara rahe the| ataH I0 san kI pA~cavIM zatI taka dakSiNa bhArata meM yApanIyoM se bhinna acelaparamparA ke do anya saMgha bhI the, eka nirgranthasaMgha (mUlasaMgha) aura dUsarA kuurcksNgh|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.45)| ye zabda DaoNkTara sA0 ne san 1996 meM prakAzita apane grantha jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya meM likhe haiN| isake 71. dekhie, dvitIya adhyAya ke SaSTha prakaraNa meM zIrSaka 2 ke nIce lekha kA muulpaatth| 72. dekhie , caturtha adhyAya / dvitIya prakaraNa / zIrSaka 1.2 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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436 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05/pra04 ATha varSa bAda san 2004 meM likhe gaye apane dUsare grantha jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA meM bhI unhoMne inheM duharAyA hai| yathA "dakSiNa meM gayA nirgranthasaMgha apane sAtha vipula prAkRta-jainasAhitya to nahIM le jA sakA, kyoMki usa kAla taka jainasAhitya ke aneka granthoM kI racanA hI nahIM ho pAyI thii| vaha apane sAtha zrutaparamparA se kucha dArzanika vicAroM evaM mahAvIra ke kaThora AcAramArga ko hI lekara calA thA, jise usane bahuta kAla taka surakSita rkhaa| Aja kI digambaraparamparA kA pUrvaja yahI dakSiNI acela nirgranthasaMgha hai|" (pR.26)| IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI (479 I0) meM hI utkIrNa kiye gaye pahAr3apura-tAmrapatralekha meM paJcastUpanikAya ke zramaNoM ko 'nirgrantha' kahA gayA hai|73 nirgranthasaMgha mUlasaMgha ke nAma se bhI prasiddha rahA hai| prAgguptakAlIna (saMbhavataH 370 I0 meM abhilikhita) noNamaMgala ke tAmrapatra-lekha meM kahA gayA hai ki mahAdhirAja mAdhavavarmA ne pebbolal grAma meM mUlasaMgha dvArA nirmita arhadAyatana (jinamandira) ko bhUmi aura kumArapura gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| mUlapATha isa prakAra hai "zrImatA mAdhavavarma-mahAdhirAjena --- pebbolal-grAme arhadAyatanAya mUlasaGghAnuSThitAya mahAtaTAkasya adhastAt dvAdazakhaNDukAvApamAtra-kSetraM ca toTTakSetraM ca paTukSetraM ca kumArapura-grAmazca --- dttH|" (jai.zi.saM. / mA.caM/ bhA.2/ le.kr.90)| __mAdhavavarma-mahAdhirAja ke putra koGgaNivarma-dharmamahAdhirAja ne bhI guptakAla se pUrva saMbhavataH I0 san 425 ke lagabhaga mUlasaMgha ke AcArya candranandI Adi dvArA pratiSThApita uranUra ke jainamaMdira ko vennailkarani gA~va dAna meM diyA thA, jisakA ullekha noNamaMgala grAma meM upalabdha tAmrapatroM para milatA hai yathA "zrImatA koGgaNivarma-dharma-mahAdhirAjena AtmanaH zreyase --- candranandyAcAryapramukhena mUlasaGghanAnuSThitAya uranUrArhatAyatanAya --- vennailkaranigrAmaH --- dttH|" (jai.zi.saM./ mA.ca./ bhA.2 / le.kra. 94) / ___ ina zilAlekhIya pramANoM se digambaraMjaina-paramparA IsApUrva tIsarI zatAbdI se bhI prAcIna siddha hotI hai| ataH isa paramparA ko prathama zatAbdI I0 (vIra ni0 saM0 609) meM athavA vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM utpanna batalAnevAle boTika-kathAvAdI zvetAmbarAcAryoM evaM muni kalyANavijaya jI ke vacana ina pramANoM se bhI kapolakalpita siddha hote haiN| 73. dekhie , dvitIya adhyAya ke SaSTha prakaraNa meM tAmrapatralekha kA muulpaatth| For Personal & Private Use Only

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vistRta sandarbha zrI TI0 ena0 rAmacandran ke lekha kA mUlapATha HARAPPA AND JAINISM T.N. RAMACHANDRAN The most monumental products of the Indus Civilization are stone sculptures. 13 pieces of statuary, including two well-known and much discussed stone statuettes from Harappa have so far come to light. Three of them represent animals. Five represent stereotyped squatting God. The two statuettes from Harappa have revolutionized existing notins about ancient Indian Art. Both the statuettes, of less than 4" in height, are male torsos exhibiting a sensitiveness and a modelling that was both firm and resilient. In both there are socket holes in the neck and shoulders for the attachment of heads and arms made in separate pieces. In one of the statuettes under discussion the body is represented as a volume modelled by an unrestrained life-force pressing from within, activating every particle of the surface. It is in the throes of a subtle and rumbling movement emanating from the core of the body. The figure which appears to be modelled from within, is actually at rest, yet brims with movement. The figure is so full of strength that it appears to grow in stature as well, but actually it is tiny, being 3"-3'4" high only. The massive torso unfolds life that has mysteriously crept into the forms, keeping it all alert though seemingly at rest like the gyration of a top. In short, the statuette records unconsciously the inner movement of life within the plastic walls of its body. As such it is a sculpture of "modelled mass." This physical type continues through the ages as the veritable standard in Indian Art for divinities in whom the force of creative activity held under control (jitendriya) is to be shown, as for example, in the Jinas or Tirthankaras or deities deep in penance or meditation. The other statuette, also from Harappa, represents the nimble figure of a dancer whose gliding curves and emphasized planes are inter-twined as it were in space in the endless function of following the movement of the dance. The volume of the figure is not only evenly distributed round its axis but also well balanced in the intersection of the planes all within the very space created by its body movements. The body's external movements are so well expressed that they govern the unit of space and volume in which the torso exists. In other words, it is a sculpture of lines and planes curved into space. This and the other static statuette already described represent two characteristic modes of Indian sculpture, the one For Personal & Private Use Only

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438 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / vistRta sandarbha recording the inner unconscious movement of life within the plastic walls of the body and the other the outer movement of the body by an act of will within the space encircled by that very movement. Both statuettes are dated about 2400-2000 B.C. The head or heads, arms and genital organ of the dancing figure were carved separately and socketed into drilled holes of the torso. The legs are broken. The nipples were cut separately and are fixed with cement. The navel is cup shaped. A hole is drilled on the left thigh. The other static figure presents an adipose youth in an element of "frontality" in which the muscular forms are delineated with careful observation, restraint and breadth of style which is a notable feature of the engraved seals of Mohenjo-Daro. The dancing figure is so lively and fresh that it has no affinity to the dead formalism of the Mohenjo-Daro statuary. It appears to be ithyphallic, lending force to the suggestion that it may represent a prototype of the later day Nataraja, the dancing, form of Siva. All art-critics have declared that for pure simplicity and feeling, nothing that compared with these two master-pieces was produced until the great age of Hellas. The stone statuette in the element of "frontality" also establishes a fundamental truth about ancient Indian Art, namely, that Indian art is as firmly rooted in nature as it is well established in its social environment and its supramundane origin. It at once represents a divinity with all the virtues of strength and creative activity held under control, not to be thrown out but to be utilized for introspective peace (Santi). This indeed is what we see associated with the Jaina Gods and Tirtharkaras whose colossal images such as Sravanabela-gola, Karkal and Venur in Mysore arrest public attention. With senses controlled by physical effort, with strength and creative activity restrained metaphysically by the silken thread of Ahimsa and with the physical features (limbs) completely abandoned to the rigours of clime and weather, in the pristine and natal state of absolute nudity the colossal statues of the Jaina Tirthankaras and Jaina ascetics such as of Bahu Bali at Sravanabelagola in Mysore have a lesson to humanity that nonviolence is the only panacea for human suffering (Ahimsa Paramo Dharamah). The Harappan statuette being exactly in the above specified pose, we may not be wrong in identifying the God represented as a Tirthankara or a Jaina ascetic of accredited fame and penance (719 HET). Though its date 2400-2000 B.C. has been disputed by some archaeologists, there is nothing in its style to differentiate it from that of certain terracotta figurines and representations on some of the engraved seals from Mohenjo-Daro. In this connection, Sir Mortimer Wheeler's views on this statuette as published in his INDUS VALLEY For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 / vistRta sandarbha purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa / 439 CIVILIZATION (Cambridge History of India, 1953), page 66, are worth quoting: "These two statuettes, just under 4" in height as preserved, are male torsos exhibiting a sensitiveness and vivacity of modelling entirely foreign to the works considered above. So outstanding are their qualities that some doubt must for the present remain as to the validity of their ascription to the Indus period. Unfortunately the technical methods employed by their finders were not such as to provide satisfactory stratigraphical evidence; and the statements that one, the dancer, was found on the granary site at Harappa and that the other was 4'-10" below the surface in the same general area do not in themselves preclude the possibility of intrusion. Attribution to a later period is also not free from difficulty, and doubt can only be resolved by further and more adequately documented discoveries of a comparable kind." From the concluding remarks of Sir Wheeler it is, however, clear that the attribution of a later period to the statuette is as much difficult as a negation to it of the earlier date of third millennium B.C. The chances are thus equal. Let us now determine the subjective and objective worth of the statuette under description. Its subjective worth has already been noticed. It is of a naked God standing erect in the element of frontality with shoulders well-backed and physical features clear-cut delineating that life is moving within the modelled mass in a well regulated and controlled plastic order. The genital pose rhymes with the spirit of control bringing out the force of the conception of a Jina (conqueror of the senses). In contrast to this, one may study the engraved seal from Mohenjo Daro (Cambridge Hist. of India, 1953, Pl. XXIII) of the third millennium B.C. representing Rudra > Pasupati > Mahadeva seated in meditation in the midst of mortals such as men, animals such as rhinoceros, buffalo, tiger, elephant, antelopes, birds and fish and exhibiting the peniserectum (urdhva-retas) pose standing for the upward force of creative activity. The iconography of the God noticed in the Mohenjo-Daro seal is fully explained by the follwing Riks from the Rig Veda 1. brahmA devAnAM padavI: kavInAM RSirviprANAM mahiSo mRgaannaaN| perai Tamuri Faffadhi H14: ufasi rifat tell IX-9-66 "Brahma among gods, leader of the poets, Rishi of sages, buffalo among anjmals, hawk among birds, axe among weapons, over the sieve goes Soma singing." For Personal & Private Use Only

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440 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a05 / vistRta sandarbha 2. ferent alast quart stealfat haidat refifader in "The thrice-bent bull goes on roaring - The Great God has completely entered the mortals." 3. 45: upreferufa:1 "Rudra is the lord of creatures." In the light of the above interpretation of the Mohenjo-Daro seal from Rig Veda it should be easy to identify the statuette under description by a reference to the Rig Veda. While leading an Archaeological Expedition to Afghanistan in the months of May, June and July, the writer of this article had occasions to verify the records of Yuan Chwang (600-654 A.D.), whose itinerary in Afghanistan and elsewhere is a factual record of variety and scientific and human interest. His description of Hosin-Ghazni or Ghazna, Hazara or Hosala is of great significance. He says, "There are many Tirthaka heretics here, who worship the Ksuna Deva." "Those who invoke him with faith obtain their wishes. People both far off and near show for him deep reverence. High and low alike are filled with religious awe of him-- The Tirthakas by subduing their minds and mortifying flesh get from the spirits of heaven sacred formulae, with which they control diseases and recover the sick." Ksuna Deva (Suna or Sisna deva) was probably Tirthakara or Tirthankara or their follower that illumined the pantheon of Jainism, which is famous for its gospel of Ahimsa. The record of Yuan Chwang bears testimony to the spread of Jainism even in Afghanistan. In the life account of the Buddha we read that among the opponents of the Buddha stood foremost 6 chiefs or Tinthakas-Purana Kassapa, Ajitkes, Gosala, Kuccayana, Nigantha Nathaputta and Sanjaya. We can recognize in Gosala the Gosala of Ajivika faith and in Nigantha Nathaputta the last and 24th Jaina Tirthankara Mahavira. Thus Yuan Chwang's description of the god as Ksuna Deva indicates that he is referring probably to the naked Jaina Tirthankara, the term Tirthakas also standing for Tirthakaras or Tirthankaras. The advent of Jainism in Afghanistan is indeed a revelation. The term Ksuna Deva may probably stand for the term Suna or Sisna deva. While going back to the Rig Veda we find that the Rig Veda refers to naked Gods as Sisna Devas in two hymns which invoke Indra for protection of Vedic sacrifices from the naked Gods (Sisna-Devas) : 1. na yAtava indra jUjuvu! na vandanA zaviSTha vedyaabhiH| #grauit fagurt vialaf forgacar sifa Leteci 7:11 VII-21-5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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a05 /vistRta sandarbha purAtattva meM digambara-paramparA ke pramANa. / 441 "Oh Indra! no evil spirits have impelled us nor fiends, Oh Mighty God, with their devices. Let our true God subdue the hostile rabble. Let not the naked Gods (Sisna Devas) approach our holy Yajna or worship." 2. sa vAjaM yAtApaduSpadA yansvarSAtA pari ssdtsnissyn| Hat Yaingia aet Histopadai 3119 aunt 4 11 X-99-3 "On most auspicious path he (Indra) goes to battle. He toiled to win heaven's light, full fain to gain it. He seized the hundred-gated castle's treasure by craft, unchecked, slaying in the affair) naked Gods (Sisna Devas)." Macdonnell, in his VEDIC MYTHOLOGY, page 155, remarks that the worship of Sisna Devas was repugnant ot Rig Veda. Indra is besought not to let Sisna Devas approach Vedic sacrifices, Indra is said to have slain the Sisna Devas when he stealthily saw treasures hidden in a fort provided with 100 gates. These two Riks flash before us the truth that we are perhaps recognizing in the Harappa statuette a fullfledged Jain Tirthankara in the characteristic pose of physical abandon (Kayotsarga) a pose which has been immortalised in the later day colossal statues of jaina Tirthankaras and Siddhas such as at Sravanabelagola, Karkal, Venur etc. One may wonder if a later day Jaina iconographic plastic pose such as Kayotsarga could have appeared as early as the Harappan or Mohenjo-Daro times (third millennium B.C.) Surely, the conceptions of absolute nudity and inner abandon of all physical consciousness for the realisation of the Jaina fundamental doctrine of Ahimsa can lead only to one pose. It is this pose that we find at Harappa in the statuette under description. There is thus a continuity and unity in this ideology and there are no other iconographic details in the statuette to confuse or lead us astray. Also the nude pose is in strict contrast to the Vedic description of their God Mahadeva > Rudra > Pasupati as UrdhvaMedhra the Pose in which we find him depicted on the steatite seal of Mohenjo-Daro (Cambridge History of India, 1953, plate XXIII). The chronology and hierarchy of the series of 24 Jaina Tirthankaras do not stand in the way of the date of the Harappa statuette. The present list of Tirthankaras (Vartamana Tirthankaras) include 24, of whom we know that Mahavira was a contemporary of Buddha who flourished in the 6th century B.C. Parsvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, flourished more than 100 years before Mahavira and Neminatha, 22nd Tirthankara, was a cousin of Lord Krsna, The friend of the Pandavas of Mahabharata fame. Even on a rough computation we get a date like the 9th century B.C. For Personal & Private Use Only

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442 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha/ khaNDa 1 a05 / vistRta sandarbha for Neminatha, the contemporary of Krsna, the Lord of the BhagavadGita. Recent excavations at Hastinapura near Meerut, the cradle of the activities of the Pandavas, has given a date as 1100-800 B.C. of occupation. We have yet to account for 21 Tirthankaras that preceded Neminatha in a hierarchical order. If we push back the dates proportionately to each Tirthankara, we are led to find that the first Tirthankara Adinatha also called Vrsabha Deva stands on the threshold of the last quarter of the 3rd millennium B.C. The statuette under description has been assigned by critics a date between 2400-2000 B.C. That the first Tirthankara, the founder of Jainism, Adinatha, also bore the name Vrsabha is significant, for the Riks of the Rig Veda are fond of repeating that it was Vrsabha that performed the function of proclaiming great truths including the advent of a Great God tridhA baddho vRSabho roravIti mahodevo maanaavivesh|| That Adinatha alias Vrsabha Deva founded a new order of faith in a sheer spirit of protest against Vedic sacrifices and injury to animals is the first fundamental event that took place in the career of Jainism. Subsequent events and followers of Adinatha--the Tirthankaras and Siddhas put his faith on a firm wheel--the wheel of Ahimsa--and set it moving which, as it moved into time and space, gained strength like electric coils and surcharged the atmosphere with the reverberation "Ahimsa paramodharmah." That Vrsabha Deva should have been naked is a point too wellknown to be disputed as absolute nudity being an indispensable factor of holiness was the pivotal doctrine of the Jaina creed. If the Rig Veda seeks the help of Indra, one of the Vedic Gods, for protection of Vedic sacrifices from Sisna Devas or the naked Gods, it is obvious that the Rig Veda is only chronicling a fact of history, namely, that the origin of Jainism such as Vrsabha Deva contemplated and ushered in was with the purpose of putting an end to animal sacrifices that were associated with the Vedic Yajnas. To win the confidence of one and all and to convince humanity of the loftiness of his mission, the First Tirthankara threw away all clothing, thus exposing himself and his followers to the lime-light of self-sacrifice which began with physical sacrifice ( Kayotsarga). That the other Tirthankaras perpetuated this doctrine is the delightful story that Indian art in the service of Jainism presents to humanity. The statuette under description is, therefore, a splendid representative specimen of this thought of Jainism at perhaps its very inception. (HARAPPA AND JAINISM : T. N. RAMACHANDRAN, Published by Kundakunda Bharati Prakashan, New Delhi 1987 A.D.) For Personal & Private Use Only

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har3appA-jinapratimA lohAnIpura-jinapratimA For Personal & Private Use Only

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SaSTha adhyAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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SaSTha adhyAya digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa prathama prakaraNa saMghabheda ke sAhityika pramANa yApanIyoM se digambaroM kI utpatti kA mata bhArI chalavAda dvitIya adhyAya meM muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI kA vaktavya uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, jisameM unhoMne apanI yaha mAnyatA prakaTa kI hai ki 'jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt jinakalpa kA vilopa ho gayA thA aura vIra ni0 saM0 609 meM zvetAmbarasampradAya ke sthavirakalpika sAdhu boTika zivabhUti ne yApanIyasampradAya calAyA thaa| phira yApanIyasampradAya se digambarasampradAya kA janma huaa| usake janmadAtA dakSiNabhArata ke AcArya kundakunda the, jo pahale yApanIyasampradAya meM dIkSita hue the, pazcAt unhoMne ApavAdika savastramukti, strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA niSedha karate hue digambarasampradAya sthApita kiyaa|' isalie muni kalyANavijaya jI likhate haiM-"digambarasampradAya kA pUrvanAma yApanIyasaMgha thaa|" (a.bh.m./pR.335)| dUsarI ora DaoN0 sAgaramala jI mAnate haiM ki jinakalpa kA vilopa nahIM huA thaa| vIra ni0 saM0 609 meM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa donoM pracalita the| isa paramparA ko unhoMne uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA nAma diyA hai| unake anusAra vIra ni0saM0 609 meM isake vibhAjana se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kA udbhava huA thaa| unakI mAnyatA hai ki digambarasampradAya kI nIMva AcArya kundakunda ne vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM dakSiNabhArata meM DAlI thii| kintu unhoMne yaha nahIM likhA ki kundakunda pahale yApanIyasampradAya meM dIkSita hue the| phira bhI yadi unase yaha pUchA jAya ki Apake anusAra kundakunda ne kevala savastramukti, strImukti aura kevalibhukti ke siddhAntoM kA niSedha kiyA thA, zeSa jainasiddhAnta unheM mAnya the, to pahale ina samasta siddhAntoM kA upadeza unheM kisa sampradAya ke guru se prApta huA thA? isake uttara meM ve bhI muni kalyANavijaya jI kA hI anusaraNa kareMge, kyoMki nAgnyamukti ke sAtha vaikalpika savastramukti, strImukti Adi siddhAntoM ko mAnanevAlA kevala yApanIyasampradAya hI usa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #642
446 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06/pra01 samaya (vikrama kI chaThI sadI meM) maujUda thaa| digambara-paramparA ko prAcIna na mAnane ke kAraNa ve yaha nahIM soca sakate ki jaba kundakunda ne apane granthoM meM savastramukti Adi kA niSedha kiyA hai, taba inakA niSedha karanevAlI koI prAcIna paramparA rahI hogI, usI paramparA ke guru se kundakunda ko yaha jJAna prApta huA hogaa| abhiprAya yaha ki vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM kundakunda ko digambaramata kA pravartaka mAnane para unheM pahale yApanIyasampradAya kA anuyAyI mAnanA Avazyaka hai| kintu dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha aura paMcama adhyAyoM meM prastuta pramANoM se siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se digambara-paramparA sindhusabhyatA se bhI prAcIna hai, ataH use yApanIyasampradAya se udbhUta batalAnA bhArI chalavAda hai| 'digambara' zabda 'nirgrantha' kA nAmAntara dvitIya adhyAya ke SaSTha prakaraNa meM sapramANa siddha kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI nagna (digambara) muniyoM kA saMgha hI bhAratIya itihAsa meM 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha rahA hai| zvetAmbarasaMgha apane janmakAla se hI zvetapaTa, zvetavastra, sitAmbara yA zvetAmbara nAmoM se abhihita hotA AyA hai| nirgranthasaMgha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke kucha hI varSoM bAda nirgrantha aura zvetapaTa ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thaa| zvetapaTasaMgha ke nirmAtA sAdhuoM ke pRthak ho jAne se avaziSTa nirgranthasaMgha bahutasamaya taka nirgrantha nAma se hI abhihita hotA rhaa| usakA eka mUlasaMgha nAma bhI pracalita ho gyaa| Age calakara vaha nagnatvarUpa arthasAmya ke kAraNa aura 'zvetapaTa' yA 'zvetAmbara' zabda ke pratipakSI artha ko spaSTataH dyotita karane ke lie digambarasaMgha nAma se bhI pukArA jAne lgaa| ataH prastuta grantha meM 'digambarasaMgha' se sarvatra 'nirgranthasaMgha' evaM 'mUlasaMgha' aura 'digambaramuni' se sarvatra 'nirgranthamuni' artha hI grAhya hai| jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt digambara-zvetAmbara-saMghabheda __ aneka sAkSya aise haiM, jinase siddha hotA hai ki antima anubaddha kevalI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa (vIra ni0 saM0 62=465 I0 pU0) ke pazcAt hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anuyAyI aikAntika acelamuktivAdI nirgranthasaMgha 'nirgrantha' aura 'zvetapaTa' arthAt digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA thaa| pahalA sAkSya yaha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt unakI ziSyaparamparA meM gautama (gaNadhara), sudharmA aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 6 / pra0 1 digambara - zvetAmbara - bheda kA itihAsa / 447 jambUsvAmI ke nAma to donoM sampradAyoM meM samAnarUpa se milate haiM, kintu usake bAda ziSyaparamparA meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| digambaraparamparA meM jambUsvAmI ke bAda kramazaH viSNu, nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ina pA~ca zrutakevaliyoM ke nAma milate haiM, jaba ki zvetAmbaraparamparA meM prabhava, zayyambhava, yazobhadra, sambhUtivijaya aura bhadrabAhu ke nAma haiN| ziSyaparamparA meM yaha bheda spaSTataH saMghabheda kA sUcaka hai| AdaraNIya paNDita kailAzacandra jI zAstrI kA bhI yahI mata hai| ve likhate haiM- " gautama gaNadhara, sudharmAsvAmI tathA jambUsvAmI taka bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jainasaMgha akhaNDarUpa se pravartita huA / jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt kisI prakAra ke alagAva kA bhAva utpanna huA ho, to asambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ina tInoM uttarAdhikAriyoM ko donoM sampradAya apanA dharmaguru mAnate haiN| yadyapi itanA antara avazya pratIta hotA hai ki digambaraparamparA gautama gaNadhara ko hI vizeSa mahattva detI hai, jaba ki zvetAmbaraparamparA sudharmA ko vizeSa mahattva detI hai| sudharmA ke ziSya jambUsvAmI the / jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt koI anubaddha kevalajJAnI nahIM huA / --- - jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt hI digambara aura zvetAmbara - paramparA kI gurvAvalI meM antara par3atA hai aura unameM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hI aise vyakti haiM, jinheM donoM mAnya karate haiN| isa para se aisA saMzaya honA svAbhAvika hai ki kyA jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt hI koI aisA vivAda khar3A huA thA, jisake kAraNa se donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM kI nAmAvalI meM antara par3a gayA?" (jai.sA.i./ pU.pI./ pR.485-486) / zvetAmbara muni zrI nagarAja jI DI0 liT0 ne bhI aise hI vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| unakA kathana hai- " jambU se antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu taka digambarapaTTAvalI ke anusAra nandI (viSNu), nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana tathA bhadrabAhu ye pA~ca zrutakevalI hote haiN| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM jambU ke pazcAt bhadrabAhu taka prabhava, zayyaMbhava, yazobhadra, vijaya tathA bhadrabAhu, ye pA~ca zrutakevalI hote haiN| donoM paramparAoM meM bhadrabAhu ke atirikta cAroM AcAryoM ke nAma bhinna-bhinna haiN| isase yaha anumAna lagAnA asambhAvya koTi meM nahIM jAtA ki kinhIM muddoM ko lekara jainasaMgha meM jambU ke bAda bheda par3a gayA thA, jinameM saMbhavataH mukhya muddA nirvastratA evaM savastratA kA rahA hogA / bhadrabAhu ke bAda kI paTTAvalI to bhinna hai hI / " ( Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana / khaNDa 2 / pR. 557) / dUsarA sAkSya yaha hai ki prasiddha zvetAmbaragrantha 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' meM jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt jinakalpa (acelakadharma) ke viccheda hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai aura batalAyA gayA hai ki unake bAda kevala sthavirakalpa ( sacelamArga) ke hI AcaraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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448 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 6 / pra0 1 kI kSamatA logoM meM zeSa raha gyii| isa zvetAmbara - mAnyatA se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt mUla jainasaMgha meM zvetAmbara - digambara kA bheda utpanna ho gayA thA / sAdhuoM ke eka varga ne acelatva kA sarvathA parityAga kara diyA thA aura khullamakhullA vastradhAraNa kara yaha pratipAdita karane lagA thA ki vastrapAtrAdi grahaNa kiye binA mokSa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vastrapAtrAdi saMyama ke anivArya sAdhana haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM boTikamata kI utpattikathA dI gaI hai, usI meM isakA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| prasiddha zvetAmbara vidvAn paNDita becaradAsa jI ne bhI aisA hI vicAra vyakta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM- " vardhamAna kA nirvANa hone se parama tyAgamArga ke cakravartI kA tirodhAna ho gayA aura aisA hone se unake tyAgI nirgrantha nirnAyaka se ho gaye / tathApi maiM mAnatA hU~ ki zrIvardhamAna ke pratApa se unake bAda kI do pIr3hiyoM taka zrI vardhamAna kA vaha kaThina tyAgamArga ThIka rUpa se calatA rahA thA / yadyapi jina sukhazIliyoM ne usa tyAgamArga ko svIkArA thA, unake liye kucha chUTa rakkhI gaI thI aura unheM RjuprAjJa ke saMbodhana se prasanna rakkhA gayA thA, tathApi merI dhAraNA mujaba ve usa kaThinatA ko sahana karane meM asamartha nikale the, aura zrIvardhamAna, sudharmA tathA jambU jaise samartha tyAgiyoM kI chAyA meM ve aise daba gaye the ki kisI bhI prakAra kI cIMpaTAka kiye binA yathA - tathA thor3I sI chUTa lekara bhI vardhamAna ke mArga kA anusaraNa karate the / parantu isa samaya vardhamAna, sudharmA yA jambU koI bhI pratApI puruSa vidyamAna na hone se unhoMne zIghra hI yaha kaha DAlA ki jinezvara kA AcAra jinezvara ke nirvANa ke sAtha hI nirvANa ko prApta ho gayA hai| unake jaisA saMyama pAlana karane ke lie Avazyaka zArIrika bala yA manobala Ajakala nahIM rahA, evaM ucca koTi ke AtmavikAsa aura parAkASThA ke tyAgamArga kA bhI Aja lopa ho gayA hai| ataH aba to vardhamAna ke samaya meM jo chUTa lI jAtI thI, usameM bhI saMyama ke subhIte ke liye (?) vRddhi karane kI AvazyakatA mAlUma detI hai| merI mAnyatAnusAra isa saMkrAtikAla meM hI zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA kA bIjAropaNa huA hai aura jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda isakA khUba poSaNa hotA rahA ho, yaha vizeSa saMbhAvita hai| yaha hakIkata merI nirI kalpanA mAtra nahIM hai, kintu vartamAna grantha bhI ise pramANita karane ke sabala pramANa de rahe haiN| vidyamAna sUtragranthoM evaM kitaneka anya granthoM meM prasaMgopAtta yahI batalAyA gayA hai ki maNa- paramohi-pulAe AhAraga-khavaga-uvasame kappe / saMjamatiya-kevali-sijjhaNA ya jaMbummi vucchiNNA // 2593 // vize. bhA. / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #645
a06/pra01 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 449 "arthAt jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda nimnalikhita dasa bAteM viccheda ko prApta ho gaI hai| 1. mana:paryayajJAna, 2. paramAvadhi jJAna, 3. pulAkalabdhi, 4. AhAraka zarIra, 5.kSapakazreNI, 6. upazamazreNI, 7. jinakalpa, 8. saMyamatrika (yathAkhyAta saMyama, parihAravizuddhi saMyama aura sUkSmasaMparAya saMyama) 9. kevalajJAna aura 10.siddhigmn|" isase yaha bAta spaSTa mAlUma ho jAtI hai ki jambUsvAmI ke bAda jinakalpa kA lopa huA batalA kara aba se jinakalpa kI AcaraNA ko banda karanA aura usa prakAra AcaraNa karanevAloM kA utsAha yA vairAgya bhaMga karanA, isake sivA isa ullekha meM anya koI uddezya mujhe mAlUma nahIM detaa| maiM sirpha jinakalpa ke lopa hone kA granthapATha batalA sakatA hU~, parantu vaha pATha kaba kA hai? aura kisa kA racA huA hai? isa viSaya meM kucha nahIM kaha sktaa| tathApi isa pATha ko devardhigaNI ke samaya taka kA mAnane meM koI sandeha mAlUma nahIM detA, arthAt isa pATha kA Azaya paramparA se calA AtA ho aura isI se sUtragranthoM meM bhI ise zrIdevardhigaNI jI ne samAviSTa kara diyA ho, to yaha sambhAvita hai| jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda jo jinakalpa-viccheda hone kA vajralepa kiyA gayA hai aura usakI AcaraNA karanevAle ko jinAjJA ke bAhara samajhane kI jo svArthI evaM ekataraphA dambhI dhamakI kA DhiMDhorA pITA gayA hai, basa isI meM zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA ke viSavRkSa kI jar3a samAI huI hai| tathA isake bIjAropaNa kA samaya bhI vahI hai, jo jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa kA samaya hai| isa gaveSaNA ke uparAnta bhI, usI samaya meM isake prAraMbha ke aura bhI aneka pramANa milate haiM, jinameM se eka bauddhagranthoM aura dUsarA digambaroM kI paTTAvalI meM maiMne svayaM avalokita kiyA hai| buddhadharmAnusArI sUtrapiTaka ke 'majjhimanikAya' nAmaka granthoM meM se eka meM isa viSaya kA ullekha milatA hai ki "jJAtaputra (vardhamAna) ke nirgranthoM meM matabheda huA thaa|" uparyukta jinakalpa vicchinna hone kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai. usakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jambasvAmI ke pIche arthAt vardhamAna ke nirvANa bAda 64veM varSa meM unake muniyoM meM do dala ho gaye the, jinameM se eka narama dala kahatA thA ki aba jinakalpa kA viccheda ho gayA 1. "evaM me sutaM-ekaM samayaM bhagavA sakkesu viharati saamgaame| tena kho pana samayena nigaMTho nAtaputto pAvAyaM adhunAkAlaGkato hoti| tassa kAlaGkiriyAya bhinnA nigaNThA dvedhikajAtA, bhaNDanajAtA, kalahajAtA, vivAdApannA amacaM mukhasattIhi vitudantA vihrnti|" sAmagAmasutta/ mjjhimnikaaypaali/3-upripnnnnaask/pr.1057| anuvAda-maiMne aisA sunA hai ki eka samaya bhagavAn buddha zAkyoM ke sAmagrAma meM sAdhanA hetu virAjamAna the| usa samaya nirgrantha jJAtiputra (jaina-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra) kA pAvAnagarI meM abhI-abhI dehAvasAna huA thaa| unake dehAvasAna ke tatkAla bAda jaina sAdhu dhIredhIre do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hote cale gye| ve paraspara kalaha karate, vAda karate tathA ekadUsare ko apazabda bolate hue idhara-udhara ghUmane lge| For Personal & Private Use Only

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450 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06/pra01 hai, isalie hama usakA AcaraNa kara hI nahIM skte| dUsarA garama dala jinakalpa kA pakSapAtI thA aura jinakalpa ke AcaraNa kA himAyatI thaa| ina donoM daloM ke matabheda kA hI ullekha bauddha granthoM meM huA ho, aisA isa gAthA ke jaMbummi vucchiNNA pada para se hama saralatApUrvaka anumAna kara sakate haiN| isa viSaya ko digambaroM kI paTTAvalI bhI puSTa karatI hai| zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM kI paTTAvalI meM zrIvardhamAna, sudharmA tathA jambUsvAmI taka ke nAma samAna rIti se aura eka hI krama se ullikhita pAye jAte haiM, parantu usake bAda AnevAle nAmoM meM sarvathA bhinnatA pratIta hotI hai aura vaha bhI itanA vizeSa bhinnatva hai ki jambUsvAmI ke bAda unameM se eka bhI nAma pUre taura para nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra jambUsvAmI ke bAda hI ye paTTAvaliyA~ judI-judI ginI jAne lgiiN| yadi isakA koI kAraNa ho, to vaha ekamAtra yahI hai ki jisa samaya se sarvathA jude-jude paTTadharoM ke nAmoM kI yojanA prAraMbha huI, usI samaya se jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda vardhamAna ke sAdhuoM meM bheda par3a cukA thaa| vaha par3A huA bheda dhIre-dhIre dveSa va virodha ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA rhaa| usa samaya jo svayaM mumukSu puruSa the, ve to yathAzakya ucca tyAgAcaraNa sevana karate the aura jo pahale se hI sukhazIlatA ke gulAma bana cuke the, ve kucha maryAdita chUTa rakhakara parAkASThA ke tyAga kI bhAvanA rakhate the| arthAt jambUsvAmI ke bAda bhI una mumukSuoM meM se kaI eka to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kaThina tyAgamArga kA hI anusaraNa karate the aura kaI eka jinhoMne parimita chUTa lI thI, ve kadAcit athavA nirantara ekAdha kaTivastra rakhate hoMge, pAtra bhI rakhate hoMge tathA nirantara nirjana vanoM meM na raha kara kabhI bastiyoM meM bhI rahate hoNge|" ('jaina sAhitya meM vikAra'/ pR.41-43)| paM0 becaradAsa jI ne yaha vicAra bhI vyakta kiyA hai ki "mahAvIra nirvANa ke bAda jambUsvAmI taka ke samaya meM buddhadeva ke madhyamamArga ne kAphI lokapriyatA prApta kara lI thI aura samrATa azoka ke samaya meM to vaha prAyaH sarvavyApI ho cukA thaa| usa samaya cAroM ora bauddhamaTha sthApita kiye gye| bauddhazramaNa laMkA Adi dezoM meM pracArArtha gye| isa madhyamamArga kI pravRtti jitanI lokopayogI thI, utanI hI bhikSuoM ke lie sarala aura sukhada thii| zrIvardhamAna svAmI ke kaThina tyAgamArga se khinna hue jainasAdhuoM para bauddhoM ke isa sarala aura lokopayogI madhyamamArga kA asara honA sahaja bAta hai| jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt jinakalpa vicchinna hone ke kathana kA abhiprAya yaha ho sakatA hai ki pUrva ke kaThoramArga meM naramAI AI aura dhIre-dhIre vanavAsI caityavAsI bana gye|"2 2. 'jaina sAhitya meM vikAra'/ pR. 182-186 tathA 'jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa' (gujarAtI/ pR. 94) (paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI : jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / pUrvapIThikA/pR. 488, pAdaTippaNI meM uddhRt)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 6 / pra0 1 digambara - zvetAmbara - bheda kA itihAsa / 451 mAnanIya paNDita kailAzacandra jI zAstrI bhI paM0 becaradAsajI ke ukta vicAroM se sahamata haiN| ve likhate haiM- " jambUsvAmI ke bAda se hI sukhazIla zithilAcArI pakSa a~gar3AI lenA zurU kara diyA thA aura bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM bAraha varSa ke bhayaMkara durbhikSa ke thaper3oM ne tathA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI dakSiNa - yAtrA ne use uThakara baiThane kA avasara diyA tathA bauddha sAdhuoM ke magadha meM bar3hate hue prabhAva ne aura unake AcAra-vicAra ne use khar3A kara diyaa|" (jai.sA. i. / pU.pI. / pR.487-488)| zrI devendramuni zAstrI kahate haiM- " Arya jambU ke pazcAt zvetAmbara dRSTi se dasa vastue~ vicchinna ho giiN| unameM se eka jinakalpika avasthA bhI hai| yaha kathana bhI paramparAbheda ko puSTa karatA hai|" (jai. A.sA.ma.mI./ pR.562) / jambUsvAmI ke bAda jo saMghabheda kI pravRtti AraMbha huI, vaha zvetAmbara - paramparAnusAra jambUsvAmI ke 34 varSa bAda hue AcArya zayyaMbhavakRta 'dazavaikAlika' meM spaSTa dRSTigocara hotI hai| usameM acelakatAvAdiyoM dvArA vastrapAtrAdi ko parigraha kahe jAne kA khullamakhullA virodha kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai jaM pi vatthaM va pAyaM vA kaMbalaM pAyapuMchaNaM / taMpi saMjamalajjaTThA dhAraMti pariharaMti a|| 6/19 // na so pariggaho vRtto nAyaputteNa tAiNA / mucchA pariggaho vutto iya vuttaM mahesiNA // 6 / 20 // anuvAda - " sAdhu jo bhI vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdaprauMchana dhAraNa karatA hai aura upayoga karatA hai, vaha saMyama ke pAlana aura nirlajjatA se bacane ke lie karatA hai / una vastrapAtrAdi ke rakhane ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne parigraha nahIM kahA hai, apitu unameM mUrcchA karane ko parigraha kahA hai / " isa para zrI devendra muni zAstrI likhate haiM- " sambhavataH prabhava svAmI 3 ke samaya meM hI paraspara meM matabheda ke bIja panapane lage hoNge| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM AcArya zayyambhava ne spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki vastra rakhanA parigraha nahIM hai / saMyama aura lajjA ke nimitta vastra rakhane ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne parigraha nahIM kahA hai| isa kathana se aisA lagatA hai ki usa samaya saMgha meM Antarika matabheda prAraMbha ho gayA thA / " (jai.A.sA.ma.mI./pR.562) / ye udgAra munizrI ne digambara - zvetAmbara - saMghabheda ke viSaya meM prakaTa kiye haiM / 3. jambUsvAmI ke bAda vIranirvANa saM0 75 ke lagabhaga hue caturdazapUrvI AcArya / For Personal & Private Use Only .

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452 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06 /pra01 itihAsavid mAnanIya kastUramala jI bA~ThiyA kA bhI mantavya hai ki "vastratva aura nagnatva ko lekara 'dharmanAyakatva' jambUkevalI ke mokSagamana pazcAt do pRthagdhArAoM meM vibhAjita ho hI gyaa| ho sakatA hai ki isako vartamAnarUpa bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ke pazcAt hI kisI samaya milA ho, kyoMki una taka to donoM hI sampradAyoM ke anusAra dvAdazAMga aura caudaha pUrvo kA jJAna avicchinnarUpa se calA hI AyA thaa|" ('jaina itihAsa kA arucikara pRSTha'/ jaina siddhAnta bhAskara / disambara 1978 pR. /20) / ___ zvetAmbara sAdhvI saMghamitrA jI ne bhI likhA hai ki "AcArya jambU ke bAda vIra ni0 64 (vi0 pU0 406) se zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya ke AcAryoM kI paramparA bhinna ho gayI thii|" (jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya / pR.7)| dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa se punaH saMghabheda jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt nirgrantha zramaNasaMgha meM jo sarvaprathama vibhAjana huA, usameM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhukAlIna durbhikSa ke thaper3oM ne aura yogadAna kiyaa| pahale to zItAdiparISahoM kI pIr3A sahane meM asamartha sAdhuoM ne acelatva chor3akara vastrapAtrAdi grahaNa kiye the, kintu isa dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa meM AhAraprApti meM utpanna kaThinAiyoM ke kAraNa aneka sAdhu acelatva chor3akara vastrapAtrAdidhArI bana gye| digambara-AcArya-paramparA meM jinheM antima zrutakevalI mAnA gayA hai aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM jinakI saMbhUtivijaya ke anantara gaNanA kI gaI hai, una AcArya bhadrabAhu ke samaya (vIra ni0 162) meM uttarabhArata meM par3e dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa durbhikSa kA ullekha digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM ke sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai| ataH isakI satyatA meM sandeha kI guMjAiza nahIM hai| 600 I0 ke zilAlekha meM durbhikSa kA ullekha zravaNabelagola ke candragiri para sthita pArzvanAtha vasati ke pAsa kA zilAlekha isa sambandha meM sabase prAcIna pramANa hai| yaha lekha zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM meM sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| isameM likhA hai-"mahAvIra svAmI ke pazcAt gautama, lohArya, jambU, viSNudeva, aparAjita, govarddhana, bhadrabAhu, vizAkha, proSThila, kRttikArya, jaya, siddhArtha, dhRtiSeNa, buddhila Adi guruoM kI paramparA meM huye bhadrabAhu svAmI ne ujjayinI meM apane kAlyadarzI nimittajJAna ke dvArA yaha kathana kiyA ki vahA~ bAraha varSa kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra01 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 453 durbhikSa par3anevAlA hai, taba sArA saMgha uttarApatha se dakSiNApatha kI ora prasthita ho gyaa| krama se vaha bahuta samRddhizAlI janapada meM phuNcaa| vahA~ pahu~cakara bhadrabAhu svAmI ne saMgha ko Age bar3hane kI AjJA de dI aura svayaM prabhAcandra nAma ke ziSya ke sAtha kaTavapra (candragiri) para Thahara gye| unhoMne vahIM samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| isa abhilekha meM durbhikSa kI AzaMkA se bhadrabAhu ke saMghasahita uttara bhArata se dakSiNa bhArata meM paha~cane mAtra kA ullekha hai| darbhikSajanya saMkaTa se ardhaphAlakasaMgha kA janma aura usase zvetAmbara-sampradAya kI utpatti kaise huI, isakA varNana nahIM hai| isakA varNana 'bRhatkathAkoza' ke kartA hariSeNa ne, 'bhAvasaMgraha' (prAkRta) ke kartA devasena ne tathA 'bhadrabAhucaritra' ke lekhaka ratnanandI ne kiyA hai| bRhatkathAkoza kA bhadrabAhukathAnaka ( I. san 931) ardhaphAlakasaMgha evaM kAmbalatIrtha AcArya hariSeNa ne bRhatkathAkoza ke 131 veM bhadrabAhukathAnaka meM ardhaphAlaka, zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI utpatti kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai-eka bAra avantIdeza kI ujjayinI nagarI meM mahAmuni bhadrabAhu caturvidha saMgha ke sAtha Akara kSiprA nadI ke kinAre upavana meM tthhre| usa samaya candragupta usa nagarI kA rAjA thaa| vaha samyagdRSTi zrAvaka thaa| ekadina bhadrabAhu bhikSA ke lie bhramaNa karate hue eka ghara meM praviSTa hue| vaha ghara sUnA thaa| kevala jhUle meM eka zizu jhUla rahA thaa| usane kahA-"bhagavan yahA~ se zIghra cale jaaiye|" divyajJAnI bhadrabAhu ne usake vacana sunakara samajha liyA ki isa deza meM bAraha varSa taka varSA nahIM hogii| ve AhAra grahaNa kiye binA hI lauTa gye| Akara unhoMne saMgha se kahA ki isa deza meM bAraha varSa kA bhISaNa akAla par3anevAlA hai| yaha dhanadhAnya samanvita, janAkIrNa deza coroM aura luTeroM ke upadrava se zIghra hI khAlI ho jaayegaa| merI Ayu bahuta kama bacI hai| ataH maiM yahIM rhuuNgaa| Apa saba sAdhu samudra ke samIpa cale jaaeN| yaha sunakara rAjA candragupta ne unase munidIkSA grahaNa kara lii| unakA nAma vizAkhAcArya rakhA gyaa| ve dazapUrviyoM meM prathama hue aura saMgha ke adhipati banA diye gye| guru kI AjJA se samasta saMgha unake sAtha dakSiNApatha ke punnAra nagara ko calA gyaa| kintu rAmilla, sthUlavRddha tathA bhadrAcArya ye tIna apane-apane saMgha ke sAtha sindhu Adi dezoM meM gye| bhadrabAhusvAmI ne bhAdrapada deza me jAkara samAdhimaraNapUrvaka zarIra tyAga diyaa| 4. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha / mANikacandra / lekha 1 / zaka saM. 522 (I.san 600) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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454 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06/pra01 durbhikSa samApta hone para vizAkhAcArya sarvasaMghasahita dakSiNApatha se madhyapradeza lauTa aaye| idhara rAmilla, sthUla tathA bhadrAcArya bhI apane-apane saMghasahita sindhudeza se lauTa aaye| vahA~ bhI durbhikSa par3a gayA thaa| unhoMne Akara apanA vRtAnta sunaayaa| bole-vahA~ dUsare dezoM se bhUkhe loga Akara ghara ke daravAjoM para bhojana ke lie zora macAte the, jisase ghara ke loga dina meM bhojana nahIM kara pAte the| isalie ve rAta ko bhojana banAkara khAte the| unhoMne hama logoM se kahA-"Apa loga bhI rAtri meM pAtra lAkara hamAre gharoM se anna le jAyA kareM aura apane sthAna meM jAkara dina meM khA liyA kreN|" hama loga vaisA hI karane lage rAmillaH sthaviro yogI bhadrAcAryo'pyamI tryH| ye sindhuviSaye yAtAH kAle durbhikssnaamni|| 47 // pAnAnnabhojanahIMne kAle lokasya bhiissnne| Agatya sahasA procuridaM te jnsnnidhau|| 48 // vaidezikajanaiHsthaiH kRtkolaahlsvnaiH| pitAputrAdayo lokA bhoktumannaM na lebhire|| 49 // loko nijakuTumbena bubhukssaagrstcetsH| sAdhayitvAnnamAbAlaM tadbhayAnnizi vlbhte|| 50 // bhavanto'pi samAdAya nizi pAtrANi mdgRhaat| nUnaM kRtvA'nnameteSu gatvA dezikato bhyaat|| 51 // svazrAvakagRhe pUte bhUyo vishrbdhmaansaaH| sAdhavo hi dine jAte kurudhvaM bhojanaM punH|| 52 // tallokavacanairiSTairbhojanaM priitmaansaiH| anena vidhinA''cAryaiH prtipnnmshesstH|| 53 // bhdrbaahukthaank| eka bAra eka dubalA-patalA nagna muni hAtha meM bhikSApAtra liye eka zrAvaka ke ghara meM ghusaa| usa ghara kI navavadhU jo garbhiNI thI, andhakAra meM muni ko dekhakara Dara gaI aura usakA garbhapAta ho gyaa| taba zrAvakoM ne sAdhuoM ke pAsa jAkara kahA-"samaya bar3A kharAba hai| jaba taka acchA samaya nahIM AtA, taba taka Apa loga bAyeM hAtha meM Age kI tarapha ardhaphAlaka (vastra kA AdhA khaNDa) laTakA kara aura dAhine hAtha meM pAtra lekara bhikSA ke liye AyA kareM aura apane sthAna meM jAkara dina meM bhojana kiyA kreN| jaba sabhikSa ho jAyegA, taba prAyazcitta kara punaH tapa karane lgeN|" zrAvakoM ke vacana sunakara yatigaNa vaisA hI karane lage For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra01 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 455 anyadaiko muniHko'pi nirgranthaH kssiinnvigrhH| bhikSApAtraM kare kRtvA viveza shraavkgRhm|| 54 // tatraikA zrAvikA mugdhA'bhinavA gurviNI tdaa| andhakAre muniM dRSTvA tatra sA grbhmaagtm|| 55 // tadarzanabhayAt tasyAH sa garbhaH patito drutm| dRSTvA'muM zrAvakAH prApya ytiishaanidmuucire|| 56 // vinaSTaH sAdhavaH kAlaH prAyazcittaM vidhAya c| kAle hi susthatAM prApte bhUyastapasi tissttht|| 57 // yAvanna zobhana: kAlo jAyate sAdhavaH sphuttm| tAvacca vAmahastena puraH kRtvaa'rdhphaalkm|| 58 // bhikSApAtraM samAdAya dakSiNena kareNa c| gRhItvA naktamAhAraM kurudhvaM bhojanaM dine|| 59 // zrAvakANAM vacaH zrutvA tadAnIM yatibhiH punH| taduktaM sakalaM zIghra pratipannaM mnHpriym|| 60 // bhdrbaahukthaank| jaba subhikSa ho gayA taba rAmilla, sthUlavRddha tathA bhadrAcArya ne apane-apane sAdhuoM ko bulAkara kahA-"aba Apa loga ardhaphAlaka ko chor3akara mokSa ke lie nirgrantharUpa dhAraNa kara leN|" unake vacana sunakara kucha sAdhuoM ne nirgrantharUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| rAmilla, sthUla-vRddha aura bhadrAcArya, ye tInoM bhI vizAkhAcArya ke pAsa gaye aura unhoMne ardhavastra' ko chor3akara muni kA nirgrantharUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| kintu , jinheM guru kA vacana acchA nahIM lagA, una paramArtha ko na jAnanevAle zaktihInoM ne jinakalpa aura sthavira-kalpa kA bheda karake (do prakAra kA mokSamArga kalpita karake) yaha ardhaphAlaka-tIrtha calA diyA evaM kRte sati kSipraM kAle susthtvmaagte| sukhIbhUtajanavAte dainybhaavpricyute|| 61 // rAmillasthavirasthUlabhadrAcAryAH svsaadhubhiH| AhUya sakalaM saMghamitthamUcuH prsprm|| 62 // hitvA'rdhaphAlakaM tUrNaM munayaH priitmaansaaH| nirgrantharUpatAM sArAmAzrayadhvaM vimuktye|| 63 // For Personal & Private Use Only

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456 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 zrutvA tadvacanaM sAraM mokSAvAptiphalapradam / dhurnirgranthatAM kecinmuktilAlasacetasaH // 64 // rAmillaH sthaviraH sthUlabhadrAyArcastrayo'pyamI / mahAvairAgyasampannA vizAkhAcAryamAyayuH // 65 // tyaktvA'rdhakarpaTaM sadyaH saMsArAt trastamAnasAH / nairgranthyaM hi tapaH kRtvA munirUpaM dadhustrayaH // 66 // sNsaaraarnnvtaarkm| iSTaM na yairgurorvAkyaM jinasthavirakalpaM ca vidhAya dvividhaM bhuvi // 67 // ardhaphAlaka saMyuktamajJAta paramArthakaiH / tairidaM kalpitaM tIrthaM kAtarai: a0 6 / pra0 1 - - zaktivarjitaiH // 68 // bhadrabAhukathAnaka / usake bAda kI ghaTanA isa prakAra hai- saurASTra deza meM valabhI nAma kI nagarI hai / usameM vapravAda nAma kA mithyAdRSTi rAjA rAjya karatA thA / usakI 'svAminI' nAma kI paTarAnI thii| vaha ardhaphAlakadhArI sAdhuoM kI bhakta thI / eka dina rAjA rAnI ke sAtha baiThA huA gavAkSoM se nagara kI zobhA dekha rahA thA / usI samaya ardhaphAlakasaMgha ke sAdhu bhikSA ke lie rAjamahala meM aaye| unheM dekhakara rAjA ko bar3A kutUhala huaa| vaha apanI rAnI se bolA - "devi, tumhAre ye ardhaphAlaka sAdhu acche nahIM lagate / na to ye vastrAvRta hI haiM, na ngn|" eka dina jaba ve punaH vahA~ Aye taba rAjA ne unase kahA - " Apa loga ardhaphAlaka chor3akara nirgranthatA aMgIkAra leN| yadi nirgranthatA aMgIkAra karane meM Apa asamartha hoM, to isa upahAsAspada ardhaphAlaka ko tyAgakara mere kahane se Rjuvastra se zarIra AcchAdita kara vicaraNa kreN| sAdhuoM ne vaisA hI kiyaa| usa dina se rAjA vapravAda kI AjJA se lATa deza meM kAmbala - tIrtha (zvetAmbara sampradAya) pravartita huaa| tadanantara dakSiNApatha meM sthita sAvalipattana nAmaka nagara meM usa kAmbala - sampradAya se yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti huI saurASTraviSaye divye vidyate valabhI purI / vapravAdo nRpo'syAM ca mithyAdarzanadUSitaH // 69 // babhUva tanmahAdevI svAminI nAma vizrutA / ardhaphAlakayuktAnAM seyaM bhaktA tapasvinAm // 70 // anyadA'yaM nRpastiSThan gavAkSe saudhagocare / svAminyA priyayA sArdhaM pazyati svapurazriyam // 71 // For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra01 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 457 tAvanmadhyAhnavelAyAM ardhphaalksNghkH| bhikSAnimittamAyAto bhUpaterasya mndirm|| 72 // dRSTvArdhaphAlakaM saGkha kautukvyaaptmaansH| mahAdevImimAM prAha mhiipaalpurssrm|| 73 // ardhaphAlakasaMghaste mahAdevi na zobhanaH / na cAyaM vastrasaMvIto na nagnaH sviddmbnH|| 74 // tato'nyasmin dine jAte caardhphaalksNghkH| nagarAntikamAyAtaH kautukArthaM klsvnH|| 75 // dRSTvA'muM bhUpatiH saGkha babhANa vacasA hi sH| hitvA tAnyardhaphAlAni nirgranthatvaM tvmaashry|| 76 // yadA nirgranthatA neSTA napavAkyena tairime| tadA mahIbhRtA proktA bhuuyo'pyaashcrymiiyussaa|| 77 // yadi nirgranthatArUpaM grahItuM naiva shknuth| tato'rdhaphAlakaM hitvA svviddmbnkaarnnm|| 78 // RjuvastreNa cAcchAdya svazarIraM tpsvinH| tiSThata prItacetaskA madvAkyena mhiitle|| 79 // lATAnAM prIticittAnAM tatastadivasaM prti| babhUva kAmbalaM tIrthaM vprvaadnRpaajnyyaa|| 80 // tataH kambalikAtIrthAnnUnaM saavlipttne| dakSiNApathadezasthe jAto yaapnsngghkH|| 81 // bhdrbaahukthaank| devasenakRta bhAvasaMgraha ( prAkRta ) kI bhadrabAhukathA (933-955 I0) ujjayinI meM bhadrabAhu svAmI ne nimittajJAna se dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa kI bhaviSyavANI kI aura sabhI gaNadharoM ko apane-apane saMghoM ke sAtha subhikSavAle deza meM cale jAne kI AjJA dii| 'zAnti' nAmaka AcArya apane saMgha ke sAtha saurASTra deza ke valabhInagara gye| vahA~ bhI bar3A bhArI akAla par3a gyaa| bhUkhe loga dUsaroM kA peTa phAr3akara anna khAne lge| isalie udarapUrti meM kaThinAI dekhakara suvidhApUrvaka bhojana pAne ke lie unhoMne nirgrantha rUpa kA parityAga kara diyA aura kambala, daNDa, bhikSApAtra, prAvaraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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458 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06/pra01 tathA sapheda vastra dhAraNa kara lie aura dInatApUrvaka anna kI yAcanA kara vasatikA meM lAkara khAne lge| aisA karate-karate bahuta dina bIta ge| jaba subhikSa huA, taba zAntyAcArya ne kahA ki aba isa kutsita AcaraNa ko chor3a do aura apanI nindAgardA karake phira se muniyoM kA zreSTha AcaraNa grahaNa kro| ina vacanoM ko sunakara unake pradhAna ziSya jinacandra ne kahA ki aba usa durdhara AcaraNa ko kauna dhAraNa kara sakatA hai? isa samaya hama jo AcaraNa kara rahe haiM, vaha bahuta sukhadAyaka hai| use hama chor3a nahIM skte| taba zAntyAcArya ne unake AcaraNa ko nindanIya batalAkara zreSTha jinamArga ko grahaNa karane kA punaH Agraha kiyaa| isase jinacandra bahuta ruSTa ho gyaa| usane sira para daNDaprahAra karake guru ko mAra DAlA tathA saMgha kA svAmI bana gyaa| vaha logoM ko upadeza dene lagA ki sagranthaliMga se hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| usane zAstra bhI usI ke anurUpa raca diye| isa prakAra vikrama saMvata 136 meM valabhInagara meM zvetAmbarasaMgha utpanna haa| inhIM devasena ne 'darzanasAra' nAmaka grantha meM likhA hai-"vikrama rAjA kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa bAda saurASTra deza ke valabhIpura meM zvetapaTa (zvetAmbara) saMgha utpanna huaa| zrI bhadrabAhugaNI ke ziSya 'zAnti' nAma ke AcArya the| unakA 'jinacandra' nAma kA eka zithilAcArI duSTa ziSya thaa| usane yaha mata calAyA ki striyoM ko usI bhava meM mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai| kevalajJAnI bhojana karate haiM aura unheM roga honA sambhava hai| vastradhArI bhI muni mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| mahAvIra kA garbhaparivartana huA thaa| jinaliMga ke sivAya anya liMga se bhI mukti ho sakatI hai tathA prAsuka bhojana sarvatra kiyA jA sakatA hai|"8 5. devasena : bhAvasaMgraha (prAkRta)/gA.52-75 (darzanasAra/pR.55-57/sampAdaka : nAthUrAma premii)| 6. chattIse varisa sae vikkamarAyassa mrnnpttss| soraTe uppaNNo sevaDasaMgho hu blhiie|| 52 // bhaavsNgrh| 7. bhAvasaMgraha (prAkRta) aura 'darzanasAra', donoM ke kartA devasena eka hI vyakti mAne gaye haiN| (tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA / khaNDa 2 / pR. 370) / 8. ekkassae chattIse vikkamarAyassa mrnnpttss| soraTTe valahIe uppaNNo sevaDo sNgho|| 11 // siribhaddabAhugaNiNo sIso NAmeNa saMti aairio| tassa ya sIso duTTho jiNacaMdo mNdcaaritto|| 12 // teNa kiyaM mayameyaM itthINaM atthi tabbhave mokkho| kevalaNANINa puNa aNNakkhANaM tahA rogo|| 13 // aMbarasahio vi jai sijjhai, vIrassa gabbhacArattaM / paraliMge viya muttI phAsuyabhojaM ca savvattha // 14 // darzanasAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra01 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 459 ratnanandikRta bhadrabAhucarita (16vIM zatI I0) ujjayinI nagarI meM candragupta nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| vahA~ aneka dezoM se vihAra karate hue AcArya bhadrabAhu bAraha hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha Aye aura nagara ke bAhara upavana meM tthhre| candragupta ne unase munidIkSA grahaNa kii| eka dina AcArya bhadrabAhu zreSThI jinadAsa ke yahA~ AhAradAna ke lie par3agAhe gye| jaba ve ghara meM praviSTa hue , to unhoMne pAlane meM eka sATha dina ke zizu ko dekhaa| vaha munirAja se bolA-'jAo, jaao|' bhadrabAhu ne pUchA-'kitane varSoM taka?' zizu ne uttara diyA-'bAraha varSoM tk|' taba bhadrabAhu ne nimittajJAna se jAnA ki mAlavadeza meM bAraha varSa kA akAla par3anevAlA hai| munirAja AhAra kiye binA lauTa Aye aura bAraha hajAra sAdhuoM ke sAtha dakSiNa kI ora ravAnA ho gye| kintu rAmalya, sthUlAcArya aura sthUlabhadra Adi muni guru kI AjJA kA ullaMghana kara ujjaina meM hI ruka gye| dakSiNa kI ora vihAra karate samaya bhadrabAhu eka aTavI meM phuNce| vahA~ apanI mRtyu kA samaya nikaTa jAnakara eka kandarA meM ruka gye| navadIkSita candragupta muni bhI unakI paricaryA ke lie Thahara gye| guru ne vizAkhAcArya (isa kathA meM ye candragupta se bhinna haiM) ko paTTa para niyuktakara unake sAtha saMgha ko dakSiNadeza bheja diyaa| bhadrabAhu ne usa aTavI meM sallekhanApUrvaka zarIra kA tyAga kiyaa| idhara ujjayinI meM bhayaMkara akAla pdd'aa| vahA~ jo rAmalya, sthUlabhadra Adi muni guru kI AjJA kA ullaMghana karake raha gaye the, ve durbhikSajanya upadravoM se bahuta pIr3ita hue| eka muni AhAra lekara jA rahe the| bhUkhe logoM ne unakA udara phAr3a DAlA aura usameM se anna nikAla kara khA gye| kSadhAta loga zrAvakoM ke dvAra para paha~cakara bhojana mA~gate the| zrAvaka bhaya se kivAr3a nahIM kholate the| eka dina zrAvaka sAdhusaMgha ke pAsa pahuMce aura nivedana kiyA ki hama loga dina meM bhojana nahIM banA sakate, rAtri meM bhojana banatA hai| isalie Apa loga rAtri meM hamAre gRhoM se pAtroM meM AhAra le jAya~ aura apane sthAna para hI dina nikalane para use grahaNa kreN| jaba subhikSa ho jAyegA, taba Apa prAyazcitta karake punaH pUrvavat munidharma kA pAlana kreN| sAdhuoM ne unakI prArthanA svIkAra kara lii| unhoMne tumbI ke pAtra grahaNa kara lie tathA bhikhAriyoM aura kuttoM se rakSA ke lie daNDa bhI rakha liye aura rAtri meM zrAvakoM ke ghara jAkara pAtroM meM bhojana lAne lge| For Personal & Private Use Only

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460 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 6 / pra0 1 eka dina rAtri meM eka dubalA-patalA nagna sAdhu hAtha meM pAtra liye bhikSA ke lie yazobhadra seTha ke makAna meM praviSTa huA / seTha kI garbhavatI patnI use rAkSasa samajhakara bhayabhIta ho gaI aura usakA garbhapAta ho gyaa| taba zrAvakoM ne sAdhuoM se nivedana kiyA ki Apa loga kandhe para kambala DAla kara bhikSA ke lie AyA kareM, tAki ApakI nagnatA Dha~ka jAya aura striyA~ bhayabhIta na hoM / sAdhuoM ne yaha bAta bhI svIkAra kara lii| taba se ve ardhaphAlaka bhI dhAraNa karane lage / jaba subhikSa huA, taba vizAkhAcArya saMgha ko lekara ujjayinI lauTa Aye / sthUlAcArya ne unake darzanArtha apane ziSyoM ko bhejaa| ziSyoM ne unheM vandanA kI, kintu vizAkhAcArya ne prativandanA nahIM kI aura pUchA - "merI anupasthiti meM tuma logoM ne yaha kaunasA darzana apanA liyA?" ziSya lajjita hue unhoMne lauTakara yaha vRtAnta apane guru ko sunAyA / taba rAmilya, sthUlabhadra tathA sthUlAcArya ne apane - apane saMgha ke muniyoM ko usa dUSita mArga ko chor3akara punaH nirgranthamArga apanAne kA Adeza diyaa| sthUlAcArya ke vacana sunakara kucha sAdhuoM ne to mUlamArga apanA liyA, kintu adhikAMza muni usa sukhamaya mArga ko chor3akara kaThina nirgranthamArga ko apanAne ke lie taiyAra nahIM hue| jaba sthUlAcArya ne punaH Agraha kiyA, taba ve muni bahuta kruddha hue aura unhoMne daNDaprahAra karake sthUlAcArya kA vadha kara diyaa| taba se unakA saMgha ardhaphAlaka saMgha kahalAne lagA / bahuta kAla bIta jAne para ( vi0 saM0 136 meM) rAnI candralekhA ke AmantraNa para vaha arddhaphAlakasaMgha saurASTra deza ke valabhIpura nagara meM aayaa| usa samaya isa saMgha ke AcArya jinacandra the / rAnI candralekhA ne apanI pitRnagarI ujjayinI meM usa ardhaphAlakasaMgha ke sAdhuoM se zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA thA / ataH vaha unheM apanA guru mAnatI thI / usane unakA bahuta svAgata kiyA, kintu rAjA ko unakA veza pasanda nahIM AyA / usane rAnI se kahA, " ina sAdhuoM kA yaha kaisA vicitra rUpa hai? ye nagna bhI haiM aura vastra bhI grahaNa kiye hue haiN| aise sAdhu to kahIM nahIM dekhe| ina logoM ne yaha kauna sA nindanIya mata pracalita kiyA hai?" rAjA ke hRdaya ke bhAva ko samajhakara rAnI ne una sAdhuoM ke pAsa zvetavastra bheje aura unheM pahanane kI prArthanA kii| sAdhuoM ne rAnI kI prArthanA svIkAra kara lii| usa dina se vaha ardhaphAlakasaMgha zvetAmbarasaMgha kahalAne lgaa| isa prakAra zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti vikrama saMvat 136 (79 I0) meM huii| 9. bhadrabAhucarita / pariccheda 2, 3 evaM 4 / zloka 1-53 / 10. dhRtAni zvetavAsAMsi tddinaatsmjaayt| zvetAmbaramataM khyAtaM tato'rddhaphAlakamatAt // 4 / 54 // mRte vikramabhUpAle SaTtriMzadadhike zate / gate'bdAnAmabhUlloke mataM zvetAmbarAbhidham // 4 / 55 // bhadrabAhucarita / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 6 / pra0 1 digambara- zvetAmbara - bheda kA itihAsa / 461 ina kathAoM meM bar3I visaMgatiyA~ haiM / una para thor3I dRSTi DAlI jAya / prakAra haiM 4 9 visaMgatiyA~ 1. zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha tathA AcArya hariSeNa evaM bhaTTAraka ratnanandI ke anusAra jina bhadrabAhu ne dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa kI bhaviSyavANI kI thI, ve paMcama zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu the, jinakI mRtyu vIranirvANa saMvat 162 ( I0 pU0 365) meM huI thI, kintu 'bhAvasaMgraha' evaM 'darzanasAra' ke karttA AcArya devasena ke anusAra ve zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se bhinna the| ve vikrama saMvat 136 ( I0 san 79) meM hue the / 11 ve isa 2. zilAlekha evaM ratnanandI ke anusAra bhadrabAhu ziSyoM sahita ujjayinI se dakSiNApatha gaye the| hariSeNa aura devasena ( bhAvasaMgraha) ke anusAra ve ujjayinI meM hI rahe aura munisaMgha ko lekara vizAkhAcArya ( candragupta ) dakSiNApatha gaye the| 3. zilAlekha ke anusAra bhadrabAhu ne samAdhimaraNa kaTavapra ( zravaNabelagola kI candragiri) para kiyA thA, kintu hariSeNa ke anusAra bhAdrapadadeza meM tathA ratnanandI ke anusAra dakSiNApatha ke mArga meM kiyA thA / 4. hariSeNa kA kathana hai ki candragupta kA nAma vizAkhAcArya thA, kintu ratnanandI unheM candragupta muni hI kahate haiM, vizAkhAcArya nAma kisI aura ke lie prayukta karate haiN| zilAlekha, 'bhAvasaMgraha' aura 'darzanasAra' meM unakA nAma hI nahIM hai| 5. hariSeNa kahate haiM ki rAmilla, sthavira sthUla aura bhadrAcArya durbhikSa ke samaya sindhudeza gaye the, udhara ratnanandI kahate haiM ki ve ujjaina meM hI rahe / devasena inake badale zAntyAcArya aura unake ziSya jinacandra kA valabhIpura jAnA mAnate haiM / 6. devasena kA kathana hai ki valabhIpura meM jinacandra ne apane guru zAntyAcArya kI hatyA kI thI, ratnanandI kahate haiM - zithilAcArapremI sAdhuoM ne ujjayinI meM apane guru sthUlAcArya kA vadha kiyA thaa| hariSeNa ne kisI ke bhI vadha kA ullekha nahIM kiyA / 7. hariSeNa aura ratnanandI pahale zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI mRtyu ke bAda vIra nirvANa saMvat 162 (365 I0 pUrva) meM ardhaphAlaka sampradAya kI utpatti batalAte haiM, pazcAt vi0 saM0 136 (79 I0 ) meM ardhaphAlaka sampradAya se zvetAmbara sampradAya kI / devasena 11. jainendra siddhAnta koza 4 / 77 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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462 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06/pra01 ardhaphAlaka sampradAya kI utpatti nahIM batalAte, unake anusAra vi0 saM0 136 meM sIdhe zvetAmbarasaMgha kA hI udaya huA thaa| 10 vizvasanIya aMza ina visaMgatiyoM ke kAraNa ukta kathAoM kI sabhI bAteM vizvasanIya nahIM haiM, kucha hI vizvAsayogya haiN| yaha vizvAsayogya hai ki ujjayinI yA mAlavadeza meM honevAle dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ko nimittajJAna se jAnakara antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu bAraha hajAra ziSyoM ke sAtha dakSiNApatha gaye aura mArga meM athavA zravaNabelagola meM unakA samAdhimaraNa huA tathA durbhikSa samApta hone para saMgha vizAkhAcArya ke netRtva meM ujjayinI yA madhyapradeza lauTa aayaa| ina ghaTanAoM kI vizvasanIyatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye zravaNabelagola ke pUrvokta zilAlekha se mela khAtI haiN| yaha bhI vizvasanIya hai ki jo sAdhu ujjayinI meM raha gaye the yA vahA~ se sindhudeza athavA saurASTradeza ke valabhIpura nagara meM cale gaye the, ve vahA~ ke durbhikSajanya saMkaToM ke kAraNa bhraSTa ho gaye the| logoM ke kahane para ve bAyeM hAtha para ardhaphAlaka laTakAkara tathA dAyeM hAtha meM bhikSApAtra lekara rAtri meM bhikSAgrahaNa karane ke lie jAne lage the aura bhikSA ko apanI vasatikA meM lAkara dina meM grahaNa karate the| yaha vizvasanIya isalie hai ki ardhaphAlaka grahaNa karane kI bAta mathurA ke kaMkAlITIle se prApta prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI I0 ke jaina purAvazeSoM se pramANita hotI hai| vahA~ se prApta eka zilApaTTa meM eka nagna jainasAdhu bAyeM hAtha para ardhaphAlaka (vastrakhaNDa) laTakAe hue mUrtita hai| vaha jaina yati AryakRSNa kI mUrti batalAyI gayI hai|12 yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki isake bahuta varSoM bAda (vikrama saM0 136 meM) ardhaphAlaka sAdhuoM ne saurASTra ke valabhIpura meM pahu~cane para vahA~ ke rAjA yA rAnI ke kahane se zvetavastra pahanane zurU kara diye hoM, kyoMki jo sAdhu durbhikSa ke samaya udarapUrti ke lie zrAvakoM ke kahane para ardhaphAlaka aura pAtra grahaNa kara sakate haiM, ve rAjamAnyatA prApta karane ke lie rAjA yA rAnI ke kahane para zvetavastra bhI dhAraNa kara sakate haiN| kintu yaha vizvasanIya nahIM hai ki inhIM kAraNoM se yA inhIM samayoM meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti huI thI, kyoMki hama pUrva meM dekha cuke haiM ki jambUsvAmI ke 12. paM.kai.ca.zAstrI : jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / pUrva pIThikA / pR.382-383 tathA jainendra siddhAnta kosh/4/78| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra01 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 463 nirvANa ke bAda se hI sAdhuoM kA eka varga vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdaprauMchana Adi kA upayoga karane lagA thA aura yaha pratipAdita karane lagA thA ki ye saMyama aura lajjA ke sAdhana haiM, isalie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne inheM parigraha nahIM kahA hai, apitu inameM mUrchA hone ko parigraha kahA hai aura ye pratipAdana zAstroM ke aMga bana gaye the| AcArya zayyaMbhava dvArA racita dazavakAlika sUtra kI pUrvoddhRta (adhyAya 2/ pA. Ti. 18 evaM 95 meM uddhRta) gAthAoM se isakI puSTi hotI hai| AcArAMga aura sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI azakta mumukSuoM ke lie lajA, jugupsA aura parISaha pIr3A ke nivAraNArtha vastrapAtrAdi ke upayoga ko mokSa ke apavAdamArga ke rUpa meM vihita kara diyA gayA thaa| yadyapi zvetAmbara-mAnya AcArAMgAdi Agama pA~cavIM zatI I0 meM zrI devarddhigaNI dvArA valabhInagara meM prathamabAra lipibaddha kiye gaye the,13 tathApi unakA maukhika sUtrIkaraNa jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt evaM kundakunda ke pUrva huA hogA, isameM sandeha nahIM, kyoMki zvetAmbara-sampradAya jambUsvAmI ke nirvANAnantara hI astitva meM A gayA thA aura koI bhI sampradAya navIna siddhAntoM ke nirdhAraNa ke binA na to astitva meM A sakatA hai, na vikasita ho sakatA hai| sacelAcela dharma ke pratipAdaka AcArAMgAdi Agama jambUsvAmI ke pUrvavartI sudharmA svAmI dvArA racita haiM, yaha mAnyatA isa mAnyatA para Azrita hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mokSa ke lie acela aura sacela donoM dharmoM kA upadeza diyA thaa| kintu zvetAmbara-zAstroM meM svayaM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ne aceladharma kA hI upadeza diyA thA, zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ne acela aura sacela donoM kaa|14 isase siddha hai ki acela aura sacela ubhaya dharmoM ke pratipAdaka AcArAMgAdi Agama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza para Azrita nahIM haiN| unakI racanA jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt 'udita hue zvetapaTasampradAya ke AcAryoM dvArA kI gayI hai| isa prakAra jambUsvAmI ke nirvANAnantara muniyoM ke eka varga dvArA vastrapAtrAdi ke upayoga kA Arambha evaM zAstroM meM unakI saMyamasAdhakatA kA pratipAdana tathA unake parigraha hone kA niSedha isa 13. "zrIdevarddhigaNikSamAzramaNena zrIvIrAd azItyadhikanavazata (980) varSe jAtena dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSavazAd bahutarasAdhuvyApattau bahuzrutavicchittau jAtAyAM --- bhaviSyadbhavya-lokopakArAya zrutabhaktaye ca zrIsaGghAgrahAd mRtAvaziSTatadAkAlIna-sarvasAdhUn valabhyAmAkArya tanmukhAdavicchinnAvaziSTAn nyUnAdhikAn truTitA'truTitAn AgamAlApakAn anukrameNa svamatyA saGkalayya pustakArUDhAH kRtaaH| tato mUlato gaNadharabhASitAnAmapi tatsaGkalanAnantaraM sarveSAmapi AgamAnAM kartA zrIdevarddhigaNikSamAzramaNa eva jaatH|" samayasundaragaNi-racita 'sAmAcArIzataka'/ paM0 becaradAsakRta 'jainasAhitya meM vikAra' pA. Ti. / pR. 9-10 se uddhRt| 14. dekhie adhyAya 3/ prakaraNa 1/zIrSaka 5 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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464 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06 / pra01 bAta ke pramANa haiM ki jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI saMghabheda ho cukA thA aura digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAya astitva meM A gaye the| jambUsvAmI ke bAda hI saMghabheda hone kA isase bhI bar3A pramANa yaha hai ki unake bAda donoM sampradAyoM kI AcAryaparamparA bilakula alaga-alaga ho jAtI hai| cAra pIr3hiyoM taka arthAt 71 yA zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra 92 varSoM taka donoM sampradAyoM meM alaga-alaga AcAryaparamparA calatI rahatI hai| isake bAda thor3e samaya (29 yA 14 varSa) ke lie kevala zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aise vyakti Ate haiM, jo donoM paramparAoM ko mAnya hote haiM, kintu zvetAmbarasaMgha meM unakA darjA upekSita aura bahiSkaraNIya hotA hai| unheM saMgha se bahiSkRta karane kI dhamakiyA~ dI jAtI haiM, AgamavAcanA meM Amantrita nahIM kiyA jAtA aura antataH saMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyA jAtA hai|5 unake bAda donoM sampradAyoM kI AcAryaparamparA punaH bhinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki bhadrabAhu bhI yathArthataH digambaraparamparA meM hI mAnya the| zvetAmbaraparamparA meM bhadrabAhu ke sthAna para sthUlabhadra ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| isa taraha digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kA janma vastutaH jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt hI ho gayA thA arthAt vIra nirvANa ke 62 yA 64 varSa bAda hii| ataH zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM saMghabheda mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| hA~, yaha mAnanA ThIka hai ki dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke kAraNa aura bhI acelaka sAdhu , jo ujjayinI meM raha gaye the athavA sindhudeza yA saurASTra ke valabhIpura cale gaye the, ve ardhaphAlaka evaM bhikSApAtra dhAraNa karane lage the| ujjayinI lauTane para unameM se kucha sAdhu punaH digambara bana gaye aura kucha sAdhu zvetAmbarasaMgha meM zAmila ho gaye tathA zeSa sAdhu lagabhaga 450 varSa taka usI rUpa meM vihAra karate rhe|16 pazcAt vi0 saM0 136 meM valabhIpura meM zvetAmbaroM kI taraha zvetakaTivastra evaM prAvaraNa dhAraNa kara zvetAmbara bana gye| kintu yaha saMghabheda kI dvitIya ghaTanA thii| isake pUrva jambUsvAmI ke anantara jo digambara-zvetAmbara bheda huA thA, vaha saMghabheda kI prathama ghaTanA thii| sarvathA acelamArgI nirgranthoM kA pahalA sacelIkaraNa (zvetakaTivastra evaM zveta prAvaraNadhArI ke rUpa meM) to parISahapIr3A se mukti pAne ke lie huA thA aura dUsarA sacelIkaraNa (kevala kalAI para laTakate hue ardhaphAlakadhArI ke rUpa meM) durbhikSa meM udarapoSaNArtha svIkAra kiyA gyaa| vikrama saM0 136 meM valabhIpura meM rAjamAnyatA kI lAlasA se ardhaphAlakadhAriyoM kA zvetAmbarIkaraNa huA thA, acelakoM kA nhiiN| isa taraha digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda aura digambara-ardhaphAlaka-bheda, saMghabheda kI ye do alagaalaga ghaTanAe~ thii| dUsarI ghaTanA se zvetAmbarasaMgha kI vRddhi huI thI, zuruAta nhiiN| zuruAta to jambUsvAmI ke bAda hI ho gaI thii| 15. dekhie , agalA shiirssk| 16. jainendra siddhAnta koza 4 / 77 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra01 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 465 11 __ zvetAmbarasAhitya meM bhadrabAhu-vivAda-kathA zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM bhI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM bAraha varSa kA duSkAla par3ane kA ullekha hai| kintu usake anusAra bhadrabAhu dakSiNApatha na jAkara nepAla deza kI ora akele jAte haiM aura zeSa sAdhusaMgha nirvAha ke lie samudra kinAre calA jAtA hai| usameM saMgha ke sAtha bhadrabAhu ke vivAda kA bhI varNana hai, jisakI pariNati unheM saMgha se nikAle jAne meM hotI hai| kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ne pariziSTaparva meM bhadrabAhu kI kathA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3ane para sAdhusaMgha nirvAha ke lie samudra taTa kI ora calA gyaa| isa kAla meM zruta kA abhyAsa na ho sakane se sAdhu use bhUla gye| duSkAla samApta hone para sampUrNa saMgha pATaliputra meM ikaTThA huA aura jisako jisa aMga kA jo adhyayana yA uddeza yAda thA vaha saMkalita kiyA gayA (sabako paraspara jor3akara sAdhuoM ne apanI smRti meM aMkita kiyaa)| isa taraha gyAraha aMga saMkalita kiye gye| kintu dRSTivAda kA kisI ko jJAna nahIM thA, isalie usake viSaya meM saMgha soca meM par3a gyaa| phira use mAlUma huA ki dRSTivAda ke jJAtA bhadrabAhu haiM aura ve nepAladeza ke mArga meM sthita haiN| saMgha ne unheM bulAne ke lie do muni bheje| muniyoM ne jAkara namaskAra kiyA aura hAtha jor3akara nivedana kiyA ki saMgha ne Apako pATaliputra Ane kA Adeza diyA hai| bhadrabAhu bole-"maiMne mahAprANa dhyAna kA Arambha kiyA hai, jo bAraha varSoM meM pUrNa hogA, isalie maiM abhI nahIM A sktaa|" muniyoM ne jAkara saMgha ko yaha bAta batalA dii| taba saMgha ne anya do muniyoM ko bulAkara Adeza diyA ki "tuma jAkara bhadrabAhu se pUchanA ki jo zrIsaMgha kA zAsana nahIM mAnatA, use kyA daNDa diyA jAnA cAhie? jaba ve kaheM ki saMgha se bahiSkRta kara denA cAhie, taba unase uccasvara meM kahanA-Apa isI daNDa ke yogya haiN|" muniyoM ne jAkara bhadrabAhu se yahI bAta kahI aura unhoMne bhI vahI uttara diyaa| phira bhadrabAhu ne kahA saMgha mujhe bahiSkRta na kare, mere pAsa kucha medhAvI ziSya bheja de| maiM unheM pratidina sAta vAcanAe~ duuNgaa| isase saMgha kA kArya bhI siddha ho jAyegA aura mere kArya meM bhI bAdhA nahIM aayegii| muniyoM ne Akara saMgha ko yaha vRtAnta sunaayaa| taba saMgha ne sthUlabhadra Adi pA~ca sau sAdhuoM ko bhejaa| unameM se kevala sthUlabhadra hI vahA~ ruke, zeSa udvigna hokara cale aaye| For Personal & Private Use Only

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466 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 6 / pra0 1 mahAprANa dhyAna pUrA hone taka bhadrabAhu ne sthUlabhadra ko daza pUrvoM kA adhyayana kraayaa| pazcAt ve donoM pATaliputra A gaye aura bAhyodyAna meM tthhre| vahA~ sthUlabhadra kI bahaneM apane bhAI ke darzana karane aayiiN| unhoMne bhadrabAhu guru kI vandanA karake pUchA - " prabhu, sthUlabhadra kahA~ haiM?" unhoMne kahA - " laghu devakula meM haiM / " taba ve vahA~ gyiiN| unheM AtI huI dekhakara Azcaryacakita karane ke lie sthUlabhadra ne dasa pUrvoM ke adhyayana ke prabhAva se apane ko siMha banA liyaa| bahaneM ghabarA gayIM aura bhadrabAhu ke pAsa jAkara bolIM- " bhagavan ! bhaiyA ko to siMha ne khA liyA aura vaha aba bhI vahA~ baiThA huA hai|" AcArya ne apane upayoga se jAnakara kahA - " tuma loga jAo, vandanA karo, vaha tumhAre bar3e bhAI hI haiM, siMha nahIM / " isa ghaTanA ke bAda AcArya ne sthUlabhadra ko Age vAcanA denA banda kara diyA, kyoMki unhoMne socA ki ye pUrvI kI vAcanA ke pAtra nahIM haiM, ye jJAna kA upayoga jJAna ke lie na kara camatkAra dikhalAne ke lie karate haiN| (pariziSTaparva / 9 / 55-112) / kintu saMgha ke atyAgraha se antima cAra pUrvoM kI vAcanA to dI, para artha nahIM batAyA aura dUsaroM ko usakI vAcanA dene se spaSTa manA karA diyaa| isa taraha artha kI dRSTi se to 'antima zrutakevalI' bhadrabAhu hI haiN| sthUlabhadra zAbdika dRSTi se caudahapUrvI the aura artha kI dRSTi se kevala dasapUrvI / "17 " titthogAlIpainnaya ( gAthA 730 - 733) meM likhA hai ki bhadrabAhu ke uttara se nArAja hokara sthaviroM ne kahA - " saMgha kI prArthanA kA anAdara karane se tumheM kyA daNDa milegA, isakA vicAra kro| " bhadrabAhu ne uttara diyA - " maiM jAnatA hU~ ki saMgha isa prakAra ke vacana bolanevAle kA bahiSkAra kara sakatA hai|" taba sthavira bole - " tuma saMgha kI prArthanA kA anAdara karate ho isalie zramaNasaMgha tumhAre sAtha bArahoM prakAra kA vyavahAra banda karatA hai / 198 "ina ullekhoM se jahA~ eka ora saMgha ke sAtha bhadrabAhu kI khIMcatAna hone para prakAza par3atA hai, vahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pATaliputra kI vAcanA meM bhadrabAhu upasthita nahIM the| isa para DaoN0 jekobI ne likhA hai ki pATaliputra nagara meM jainasaMgha ne jo aMga saMkalita kiye the, ve kevala zvetAmbara - sampradAya ke hI the, samasta jainasaMgha ke nahIM the, kyoMki usa jainasaMgha meM bhadrabAhu sammilita nahIM the / (sekreDa buksa Apha dI IsTa / jilda 22 kI prastAvanA / pR. 43) 19 17. kalpasUtra / sampAdaka : devendra munizAstrI / vivecana - sUtra 207 / pR. 290 / 18. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa / pUrvapIThikA / pR. 489 / 19. vahI / pR. 490 For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra01 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 467 eka aura mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki yadyapi bhadrabAhu ko zvetAmbaraparamparA bhI apanA dharmaguru mAnatI hai, tathApi zvetAmbarasampradAya kI AcAryaparamparA kA Arambha zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se na hokara sthUlabhadra (sambhUtivijaya ke ziSya) se hotA hai| unake yahA~ zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI ziSyaparamparA kA abhAva hai aura sthUlabhadra ko antima zrutakevalI likhA hai| yahA~ pA~ca ghaTanAe~ sAmane AtI haiM-1. durbhikSa ke samaya bhadrabAhu kA saMgha ke sAtha samudrataTa kI ora na jAnA, isake viparIta nepAla cale jAnA, 2. yaha jAna lene para bhI ki unhoMne mahAprANa dhyAna AraMbha kiyA hai, saMgha dvArA unheM bahiSkRta karane kI dhamakI denA tathA 3. antataH bahiSkRta kara denA, 4. pATaliputra vAcanA meM unheM na bulAyA jAnA aura 5. sthaviraparamparA ko unake nAma se na calAyA jaanaa| ina ghaTanAoM se siddha hotA hai ki bhadrabAhu navIna sacelamArgI pravRttiyoM ke samarthaka nahIM the, ve zuddha acelakadharma ke anuyAyI the, isalie mUla nirgranthasaMgha (digambarasaMgha) kI AcAryaparamparA meM unakA antima zrutakevalI ke rUpa meM sammAnya sthAna thaa| isI kAraNa navIna sacelamArgI saMgha unase apanApana mahasUsa nahIM karatA thA aura unheM paryApta Adara nahIM detA thA, tathApi usa saMgha ko dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga kA jJAna unase hI upalabdha huA thA, isalie saMgha ne unakA nAma nAmamAtra ke lie apanI sthaviraparamparA meM zAmila kara liyaa| isa kAraNa donoM parasparaviruddha paramparAoM meM unakA nAma milatA hai| ____ zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM upalabdha yaha kathA bhI, jisameM bhadrabAhu ko pATaliputravAcanA meM Amantrita na kiye jAne aura saMgha se bahiSkRta kara dene kA ullekha hai, isa bAta kI puSTi karatI hai ki bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM mUla nirgranthasaMgha acela aura sacela (ardhaphAlaka) sampradAyoM meM eka bAra phira vibhAjita ho gayA thaa| bhadrabAhu aura unake anuyAyiyoM kI anupasthiti meM AgamoM ke saMkalana kA jo kArya kiyA gayA, vaha saMghabheda kA eka mahAn kAraNa thA, yaha bAta aneka zvetAmbara vidvAnoM aura santoM ne svIkAra kI hai| itihAsakAra zrI cimanalAla jaicanda zAha likhate haiM 20."taM jahA-therassa NaM ajjajasabhaddassa --- aMtevAsI dube therAthere ajja saMbhUavijae -- - there ajabhaddabAhU --- / therassa NaM ajjasaMbhUavijayassa --- aMtevAsI there ajja thUlabhadde --- / therassa NaM aja thUlabhaddassa --- aMtevAsI dube therA --- / " klpsuutrsthviraavlii| (paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina sAhitya kA itihaas| pUrvapIThikA/ pA.Ti.pR. 379-380) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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468 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 6 / pra0 1 'bhadrabAhu aura unake ziSyoM ke dakSiNa - pravAsa ke pazcAt jainadharma ke pavitra siddhAnta-granthoM kA vismaraNa dvArA nAza hone kA bhaya upasthita ho gayA aura sthUlabhadra evaM unake ziSyoM ne eka pariSad una sAdhuoM kI nimantrita kI, jo udhara hI raha gaye the| yaha pariSad I0 pUrva tIsarI sadI meM mauryasAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI evaM jainasaMgha ke itihAsa meM prasiddha pATaliputra meM ekatrita huI thI / " jainoM kI isa pariSad ne", jaisA ki DaoN0 zArpeTiyara kahatA hai, "bahuta kucha vahI kArya kiyA hogA, jo bauddhoM kI pahalI saMgIti yAne pariSad ne kiyA thaa|" isa pariSad ne aMgoM aura pUrvoM donoM kA hI pATha sthira kiyA aura yahIM se siddhAnta kI prathama bhUmikA prArambha huii| parantu dakSiNa se lauTanevAle muniyoM ko siddhAnta ke isa prakAra sthira kiye gaye pATha se santoSa nahIM huA / unane isa siddhAnta ko mAnane se inakAra hI nahIM kiyA, apitu yaha bhI ghoSita kara diyA ki pUrvajJAna aura aMgajJAna donoM kA hI viccheda ho gayA hai / " (uttarabhArata meM jainadharma / pR. 184) / 44 AdaraNIya zrI devendra muni zAstrI ne jo vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM- " vIra nirvANa 160 ke lagabhaga bhadrabAhu ke samaya pATaliputra meM jo AgamavAcanA huI, usa samaya donoM paramparAoM kA matabheda ugra ho gyaa| isake pahale Agama ke viSaya meM ekatA thI, kintu dIrghakAla ke duSkAla meM aneka zrutadhara muni paralokavAsI ho gye| bhadrabAhu kI anupasthiti meM gyAraha aMgoM kA saMkalana - Akalana huA para vaha sabhI ko samAna rUpa se mAnya nahIM ho sakA aura donoM hI vicAradhArAoM kA matabheda spaSTarUpa se sAmane aayaa| vIranirvANa saM0 827- 840 ke bIca mAthurI vAcanA huI, usameM jo zruta kA rUpa nizcita huA vaha acelaka - samarthakoM ko bilakula bhI svIkAra nahIM huaa| isa taraha AcAra aura zruta ke sambandha meM matabheda ugra hote gaye aura vIra nirvANa kI chaThI aura sAtavIM zatAbdI meM eka nirgrantha zAsana do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / " (jai. A.sA.ma.mI./ pR.563)| yahA~ muni jI ne vIranirvANa kI chaThI aura sAtavIM zatAbdI meM nirgranthazAsana ke do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hone kI bAta boTikakathA ke AdhAra para kahI hai, kintu yaha hama pahale hI dekha cuke haiM ki boTika zivabhUti ne kisI naye mata kA pracalana nahIM kiyA thA, apitu jisa jinakalpa ko jambUsvAmI ke bAda vicchinna mAna liyA gayA thA, usako aMgIkAra kiyA thaa| ataH vAstavika saMghabheda jambUsvAmI ke bAda hI ho gayA thA / mAnanIya DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke apane acelakadharma ke siddhAntoM ke sAtha dakSiNabhArata jAne aura unake pracAra karane kI bAta For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra01 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 469 svIkAra kI hai aura yaha mAnA hai ki unake anuyAyiyoM ne pATaliputra Adi kI vAcanAoM meM saMkalita AgamoM ko amAnya kara diyA thA, kyoMki unameM savastramukti aura strImukti Adi kA pratipAdana thA aura ve mUla AgamoM ko vicchinna mAnane lage the| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.46-47)| isase siddha hotA hai ki bhadrabAhu aura unake anuyAyI savastramukti-virodhI aura strImukti-virodhI vicAradhArA ke anugAmI the| For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya prakaraNa DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA antima mata itihAsa-sammata aneka dizAoM meM bhaTakI vicArayAtrA / saMghabheda ke viSaya meM DaoN. sAgaramala jI kI vicArayAtrA aneka dizAoM meM bhaTakI hai| ATha varSa bAda vaha sahI dizA prApta kara skii| san 1996 meM likhita 'jainadharma kA yApanIyasampradAya' nAmaka grantha meM pahale unhoMne apanI yaha mAnyatA vyakta kI hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha kA prathama vibhAjana zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya (IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI) meM huA thA aura dUsarA vibhAjana IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI meM (vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda) huaa|21 isa mAnyatA kA prakAzana unhoMne nimnalikhita vaktavyoM meM kiyA hai "yApanIyoM ke dakSiNa meM praveza ke pUrva bhadrabAhu ke pahale yA unake sAtha jo nirgrantha zramaNavarga dakSiNa calA gayA thA, vaha apane Apa ko 'nirgrantha' hI kahatA hogA, kyoMki usa samaya taka saMghabheda yA gaNabheda nahIM huA thaa| --- nirgranthasaMgha mUlasaMgha se bhinna nahIM thA, yaha una acela zramaNoM kA varga thA, jo bhadrabAhu ke pUrva yA bhadrabAhu ke samaya se dakSiNa bhArata meM vicaraNa kara rahe the| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR. 45) / "bhadrabAhu ke pUrva yA unake sAtha jo munisaMgha dakSiNa kI yAtrA para gayA thA, vaha yadyapi apane sAtha mahAvIra kA tattvajJAna aura AcAramArga lekara avazya gayA thA, kintu unake pAsa mAtra utanA hI sAhitya rahA hogA, jitanA bhadrabAhu ke kAla taka nirmita ho pAyA thaa| --- yApanIyasaMgha, jo ki unake bAda lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa pazcAt uttarabhArata kI nirgranthadhArA se alaga hokara dakSiNa bhArata pahuMcA thA,22 vaha apane sAtha jina Agama granthoM ko le gayA thA, unako mUlasaMgha ne mAnane se inakAra kara diyA hogaa| kyoMki una granthoM meM bhI, cAhe ve apavAdamArga ke rUpa meM hI kyoM na hoM, vastrapAtra Adi ke ullekha to the hii| --- yApanIya vastrapAtra ko apavAdarUpa se grAhya mAnate the, kyoMki unake dvArA mAnya AgamoM aura nirmita granthoM, donoM meM hI apavAdarUpa se inake grahaNa kA ullekha milatA hai|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.46)| 21. dekhiye, adhyAya 2/prakaraNa 3/pAdaTippaNI 61 / 22. Age calakara DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne yApanIyasaMgha kA utpattikAla IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI kA prathama caraNa mAna liyA, jo samIcIna hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 2 / prakaraNa 3/ zIrSaka 1) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra02 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 471 "mUlasaMgha strI ko mahAvratAropaNarUpa dIkSA dene ke virodha meM rahA hogA, kyoMki usake dvArA sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga sambhava nahIM thaa| --- isake atirikta kevalibhukti, kevalI ko kitane parISaha hote haiM, Adi kucha tAttvika mAnyatAoM ko lekara bhI donoM (nirgranthoM aura yApanIyoM) meM matabheda rahA hogaa|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.47)| ph'r jyooN jee jhHjdaa naa rij'ittiddr s'aahraa sir jhiirii veeN 1. zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM dakSiNabhArata gayA nirgranthazramaNasaMgha bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa tattvajJAna aura AcAramArga kA anuyAyI thaa| usake pAsa utanA hI sAhitya maujUda thA, jitanA uttarabhArata se prasthita hote samaya taka nirmita ho pAyA thaa| 2. usake dakSiNa bhArata meM pahu~cane ke pA~ca sau varSa bAda (IsA kI dvitIya zatI meM) vahA~ (dakSiNa) pahu~cA yApanIyasaMgha jo Agama le gayA thA, unheM usane amAnya kara diyA, kyoMki unameM sAdhuoM ke lie apavAdamArga ke rUpa meM vastrapAtragrahaNa karane kI anumati thI tathA strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA thaa| isase yaha sUcita hotA hai ki bhadrabAhunIta nirgranthasaMgha ke pAsa jo bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa tattvajJAna, AcAramArga aura yatkiJcit sAhitya thA, usameM savastramukti, strImukti aura kevalibhukti ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| 3. ataH ye savastramukti Adi kI mAnyatAe~ zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa cale jAne ke bAda uttarabhArata meM rahanevAle zramaNasaMgha ne bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa AgamoM meM prakSipta kI haiN| 5. bhadabAhota tironthamaMtra ke lie dhAna ule urane ke eelana rulAera meM sthita rahe nirgranthazramaNasaMgha ne paMcamakAla meM acelamArga ko asaMbhava ghoSita kara savastramukti, strImukti, kevalibhukti Adi kI mAnyatAe~ kalpita kara lI aura unakA AgamoM meM bhI samAveza kara diyaa| ataH vaha ekAnta-sacelamArgI saMgha bana gyaa| vIra ni0 ke 609 varSa bAda usakA bhI vibhAjana huA aura usase sacelAcelamArgI yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti huii| __yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti ke srota evaM kAraNa para prakAza DAlate hue DaoN0 sAgaramala jI likhate haiM __ "jaba uttarabhArata meM pravartita mahAvIra ke zramaNasaMgha meM vastrapAtra rakhane kA Agraha jora pakar3ane lagA, bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa evaM Acarita acelakatva arthAt jinakalpa kA viccheda batAkara usakA unmUlana kiyA jAne lagA, to zivabhUti prabhRti For Personal & Private Use Only

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472 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06/pra02 kucha prabuddha muniyoM ne usakA virodha kiyaa| isa virodha kI phalazruti-svarUpa hI usa sampradAya kA janma huA, jo yApanIyoM kI pUrva avasthA thI aura jise zvetAmbaroM ne boTika yA boDiya kahA thaa|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.386-387)| DaoNkTara sA0 ke isa kathana se spaSTa hotA hai ki bhadrabAhunIta zramaNasaMgha ke dakSiNabhArata cale jAne para uttarabhArata kA zramaNasaMgha ekAnta-sacelamArgI bana gayA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, usake vastrapAtrAdi parigraha meM betahAzA vRddhi ho gii| usI ekAntasacelamArgI zramaNasaMgha se sacelAcelamArgI yApanIyasaMgha kA udbhava huA thaa| isa prakAra DaoNkTara sA0 ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirgranthasaMgha meM IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM digambara-zvetAmbarabheda ne janma liyA thaa| inameM digambarasampradAya ekAnta-acelamArgI thA aura zvetAmbarasampradAya ekaant-scelmaargii| ekAnta-sacelamArgI zvetAmbara-sampradAya se sacelAcelamArgI yApanIyasaMgha prakaTa huaa| kintu Age calakara DaoNkTara sA0 usI grantha meM apanA yaha mata badala dete haiM aura kahate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa tIrtha ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI nahIM thA, apitu sacelAcelamuktivAdI thaa| yaha mata unake nimnalikhita zabdoM se prakaTa hotA hai "mahAvIra ke kAla se hI nirgranthasaMgha meM nagnatA kA ekAnta Agraha nahIM thA, kintu use apavAdarUpa meM hI svIkRta kiyA gayA thaa|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR. 25) / "vastutaH mahAvIra ke pazcAt unake saMgha meM vastrapAtra grahaNa karane kA kramazaH vikAsa huA hai| kSullakoM (yuvA sAdhuoM) aura sadoSa liMgavAle vyaktiyoM athavA rAjaparivAra se Aye vyaktiyoM ke lie apavAdarUpa se vastra rakhane kA anumati pahale se hI thI, kintu jinakalpa kA viccheda mAna kara jaba sacelatA sAmAnya niyama banane lagI, to zivabhUti ne isakA virodha kara acelatA ko hI utsargamArga sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyaa|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.25)| phira ve yaha dhAraNA utpanna karate haiM ki IsApUrva cauthI zatI meM mahAvIra kA yaha sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha digambara-zvetAmbara-sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita nahIM huA thA, apitu dvitIya zatI I0 (vIra ni0 saM0 609) meM usase zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kI utpatti huI thii| dekhie unake zabda "vastutaH mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM jaba vastrapAtra Adi meM vRddhi hone lagI aura acelatva kI pratiSThA kSINa hone lagI, taba usase acelatA ke pakSadhara yApanIya ora sacelatA ke pakSa-dhara zvetAmbara aisI do dhArAe~ nikliiN|" (jai.dha.yA.sa/ pR.24)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 6 / pra0 2 digambara - zvetAmbara - bheda kA itihAsa / 473 "yaha satya hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI uttara bhArata kI nirgranthaparamparA ke samAnarUpa se uttarAdhikArI rahe haiM aura isIlie donoM kI Agamika paramparA eka hI hai|" (jai. dha. yA.sa./ pR. 104) / taba digambara mata kahA~ se AyA ? isa prazna ke uttara meM DaoNkTara sA0 kA kahanA hai ki usakI sthApanA vikrama kI chaThI zatI (pA~cavIM zatI I0) meM dakSiNabhArata meM AcArya kundakunda ne kI thii| apanI isa navIna mAnyatA kA pratipAdana karate hue ve likhate haiM "I0 san kI pA~cavIM - chaThI zatAbdI taka jainaparamparA meM kahIM bhI strImukti kA niSedha nahIM thA / strImukti evaM sagrantha ( savastra) kI mukti kA sarvaprathama niSedha AcArya kundakunda ne suttapAhuDa meM kiyA hai|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.394)| "kundakunda kI strImukti-niSedhaka paramparA sUdUra dakSiNa meM hI prasthApita huI thI / " (jai. dha. yA.sa./ pR.402) / vastramukti aura strImukti kA niSedha hI digambara- paramparA ke lakSaNa haiN| use kundakunda kI paramparA kahanA aura IsavI san kI pA~cavI - chaThI zatI taka jainaparamparA strImukti Adi kA niSedha svIkAra na karanA tathA sarvaprathama kundakunda ke hI granthoM meM savastramukti aura strImukti kA niSedha batalAnA, ina mAnyatAoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki DaoNkTara sA0 ne apane navInamata meM yaha pratipAdita karane kI koziza kI hai ki digambaraparamparA kI sthApanA IsA kI pA~cavIM - chaThI zatAbdI meM AcArya kundakunda ne kI thI / 1 kintu grantha samApta karate-karate DaoNkTara sA0 punaH purAne mata para A jAte haiN| grantha samApti ke bAda likhe gaye 'lekhakIya' meM ve likhate haiM-" pA~cavIM zatI ke lagabhaga jaba isa ( yApanIya) sampradAya kA 'yApanIya' nAmakaraNa huA, taba taka digambarasampradAya to 'nirgranthasampradAya' nAma se hI jAnA jAtA thA / " (jai.dha. yA.sa./ lekhakIya / pR.VI) pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka digambarasampradAya kA nirgrantha-sampradAya ke nAma se prasiddha honA, isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki vaha pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke bahuta pahale se pravartamAna thA arthAt usake pravartaka kundakunda nahIM the| isa prakAra DaoNkTara sA0 ne apanA grantha samApta karate-karate yaha mata nirasta kara diyA ki digambaramata kI sthApanA AcArya kundakunda ne kI thI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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474 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 2 a0 6 / pra0 2 Aja kA digambarasaMgha bhadrabAhu -- -nIta acela nirgranthasaMgha kA hI pratinidhi ATha varSoM ke antarAla ke bAda DaoNkTara sAgaramala jI punaH apanI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi karate haiM ki digambaraparamparA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke nirgranthasaMgha kA hI vartamAnarUpa hai| isa prakAra digambaramata kI aitihAsikatA ke anusandhAna para nikalI unakI vicArayAtrA ATha varSa bAda sahI dizA prApta kara skii| isakI jAnakArI san 2004 I0 meM prakAzita unake navIna laghu grantha jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA meM milatI hai| usameM ve likhate haiM "jo kucha aitihAsika sAkSya mile haiM, unase aisA lagatA hai ki nirgranthasaMgha apane janmasthala bihAra se do dizAoM meM apane pracAra abhiyAna ke lie Age bddh'aa| eka varga dakSiNa bihAra evaM baMgAla se ur3IsA ke rAste tamilanADu gayA aura vahIM se usane zrIlaMkA aura svarNadeza (jAvA - sumAtrA Adi) kI yAtrAe~ kI / lagabhaga I0 pU0 dUsarI zatI meM bauddhoM ke bar3hate prabhAva ke kAraNa nirgranthoM ko zrIlaMkA se nikAla diyA gyaa| phalataH ve punaH tamilanADu meM A gye| tamilanADu meM lagabhaga I0 pU0 prathama - dvitIya zatI se brAhmI lipi meM aneka jaina abhilekha milate haiM, jo isa tathya ke sAkSI haiM ki nirgranthasaMgha mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga do-tIna sau varSa pazcAt hI tamila pradeza meM pahu~ca cukA thaa| mAnyatA to yaha bhI hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu candragupta maurya ko dIkSita karake dakSiNa gaye the / yadyapi isakI aitihAsika prAmANikatA nirvivAda rUpa se siddha nahIM ho sakatI hai, kyoMki jo abhilekha ghaTanA kA ullekha karatA hai, vaha lagabhaga chaThI sAtavIM zatI kA hai| Aja bhI tamila - jainoM kI vipula saMkhyA hai aura ve bhArata meM jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM kI prAcInatama paramparA ke pratinidhi haiN| ye nayanAra evaM paMcamavarNI ke rUpa meM jAne jAte haiN| yadyapi bihAra, baMgAla aura ur3IsA kI prAcIna jainaparamparA kAlakrama meM vilupta ho gayI hai, kintu sarAka jAti ke rUpa meM usa paramparA ke avazeSa Aja bhI zeSa haiM / 'sarAka' zabda zrAvaka kA hI apabhraMzarUpa hai aura Aja bhI isa jAti meM rAtribhojana aura hiMsaka zabdoM jaise kATo, mAro Adi ke niSedha jaise kucha saMskAra zeSa haiM / upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI evaM kucha zvetAmbara muniyoM ke prayatnoM se sarAka punaH jainadharma kI aura lauTe haiN| "dakSiNa meM gayA nirgranthasaMgha apane sAtha vipula prAkRta jaina sAhitya to nahIM le jA sakA, kyoMki usa kAla taka jainasAhitya ke aneka granthoM kI racanA hI nahIM ho pAyI thii| vaha apane sAtha zrutaparamparA se kucha dArzanika vicAroM evaM mahAvIra ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 6 / pra0 2 digambara - zvetAmbara - bheda kA itihAsa / 475 kaThora AcAramArga ko hI lekara calA thA, jise usane bahuta kAla taka surakSita rakhA | Aja kI digambaraparamparA kA pUrvaja yahI dakSiNI acela nirgrantha saMgha haiN| dakSiNa kA jalavAyu uttara kI apekSA garma thA, ataH acelatA ke paripAlana meM dakSiNa meM gaye nirgranthasaMgha ko koI kaThinAI nahIM huI, jaba ki uttara ke nirgranthasaMgha meM kucha pArzvApatyoM ke prabhAva se aura kucha ati zItala jalavAyu ke kAraNa yaha acalatA akSuNNa nahIM raha sakI aura eka vastra rakhA jAne lagA / svabhAva se bhI dakSiNakI apekSA uttara ke nivAsI adhika suvidhAvAdI hote haiM / bauddhadharma meM bhI buddha ke nirvANa ke pazcAt suvidhAoM kI mA~ga vAtsIputrIya bhikSuoM ne hI kI thI, jo uttarI tarAI kSetra ke the / bauddha piTakasAhitya meM nirgranthoM ko ekazATaka aura AjIvakoM ko nagna kahA gayA hai| yaha bhI yahI sUcita karatA hai ki lajjA aura zIta nivAraNa hetu uttara bhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha kama se kama eka vastra to rakhane laga gayA thA / mathurA meM IsvI san prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI jaina zramaNoM kI jo mUrtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM, unameM sabhI meM zramaNoM ko kambala jaise eka vastra se yukta dikhAyA gayA hai| ve sAmAnyatayA nagna rahate the kintu bhikSA yA janasamAja meM jAte samaya vaha vastra yA kambala hAtha para DAlakara apanI nagnatA chipA lete the aura ati zIta Adi kI sthiti meM use or3ha bhI lete the / 'AcArAMga' ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke AThaveM adhyayana meM acela zramaNoM ke sAtha-sAtha eka, do aura tIna vastra rakhane vAle zramaNoM kA ullekha hai / "yaha sunizcita hai ki mahAvIra binA kisI pAtra ke dIkSita hue the / 'AcArAMga ' se upalabdha sUcanA ke anusAra pahale to ve gRhI - pAtra kA upayoga kara lete the, kintu bAda meM unhoMne isakA bhI tyAga kara diyA aura pANipAtra ho gaye arthAt hAtha meM hI bhikSA grahaNa karane lge| sacitta jala kA prayoga niSiddha hone se sambhavataH sarvaprathama nirgranthasaMgha meM zauca ke lie jalapAtra kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hogA, kintu bhikSuoM kI bar3hatI huI saMkhyA aura eka hI ghara se pratyeka bhikSu ko peTa bhara bhojana na mila pAne ke kAraNa Age calakara bhikSA hetu bhI pAtra kA upayoga prArambha ho gayA hogaa| isake atirikta bImAra aura ativRddha bhikSuoM kI paricaryA ke lie bhI pAtra meM AhAra lAne aura grahaNa karane kI paramparA pracalita ho gaI hogii| mathurA meM IsA kI prathama - dvitIya zatI kI eka jainazramaNa kI pratimA milI hai, jo apane hAtha meM eka pAtrayukta jholI aura dUsare meM pratilekhana (rajoharaNa) lie hue hai| isa jholI kA svarUpa Aja zvetAmbaraparamparA meM, vizeSarUpa se sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparA meM pracalita jholI ke samAna hai| yadyapi mathurA ke aMkanoM meM hAtha meM khulA pAtra bhI pradarzita hai| isake atirikta mathurA ke aMkana meM muniyoM evaM sAdhviyoM ke hAtha meM mukha- vastrikA For Personal & Private Use Only

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476 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06/pra02 (mu~ha-patti) aura pratilekhana (rajoharaNa) ke aMkana upalabdha hote haiN| pratilekhana ke aMkana digambaraparamparA meM pracalita mayUrapicchi aura zvetAmbaraparamparA meM pracalita rajoharaNa donoM hI AkAroM meM milate haiN| yadyapi spaSTa sAhityika aura purAtAttvika sAkSya ke abhAva meM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ve pratilekhana mayUrapicchi ke bane hote the yA anya kisI vastu ke| digambaraparamparA meM mAnya yApanIyagrantha mUlAcAra aura bhagavatIArAdhanA meM pratilekhana (paDilehaNa) aura usake guNoM kA to varNana hai, kintu yaha spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai ki ve kisa vastu ke bane hote the| isa prakAra IsA kI prathama zatI ke pUrva uttara bhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha meM vastra, pAtra, jholI, mukhavastrikA aura pratilekhana (rajoharaNa) kA pracalana thaa| sAmAnyatayA muni nagna hI rahate the aura sAdhviyoM sAr3I pahanatI thiiN| muni vastra kA upayoga vizeSa paristhiti meM mAtra zIta evaM lajjA-nivAraNa hetu karate the| muniyoM ke dvArA sadaiva vastradhAraNa kiye rahane kI paramparA nahIM thii| isI prakAra aMkanoM meM mukhavastrikA bhI hAtha meM hI pradarzita hai, na ki vartamAna sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparAoM ke anurUpa mukha para ba~dhI huI dikhAI gaI hai| prAcIna stara ke zvetAmbara-Agama-grantha bhI inhIM tathyoM kI puSTi karate haiN| zvetAmbaraparamparA meM muni ke jina 14 upakaraNoM kA ullekha milA hai, ve sambhavataH IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI taka nizcita ho gaye the|" (jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA / pR. 25-27) / "kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI tuMgIyAyana-gotrIya Arya yazobhadra ke do ziSyoM mADharagotrIya sambhUtivijaya aura prAcI (paurvAtya)-gotrIya bhadrabAhu kA ullekha karatI hai| kalpasUtra' meM gaNoM aura zAkhAoM kI utpatti batAI gaI hai, jo eka ora Arya bhadrabAhu ke ziSya kAzyapagotrIya godAsa se evaM dUsarI ora sthUlabhadra ke ziSya-praziSyoM se prArambha hotI hai| godAsa se godAsagaNa kI utpatti huI aura usakI cAra zAkhAe~ tAmraliptikA, koTivarSIyA, pauNDravarddhanikA aura dAsIkaTikA nikalI haiN| isake pazcAt bhadrabAhu kI paramparA kaise Age bar3hI, isa sambandha meM 'kalpasUtra' kI sthavirAvalI meM koI nirdeza nahIM hai| ina zAkhAoM ke nAmoM se bhI aisA lagatA hai ki bhadrabAhu kI ziSyaparamparA baMgAla aura ur3IsA se dakSiNa kI ora calI gaI hogii| dakSiNa meM godAsagaNa kA eka abhilekha bhI milA hai| ataH yaha mAnyatA samucita hI hai ki bhadrabAhu kI paramparA se hI Age calakara dakSiNa kI acelaka nirgrantha-paramparA kA vikAsa huaa| "zvetAmbaraparamparA pATaliputra kI vAcanA ke samaya bhadrabAhu ke nepAla meM hone kA ullekha karatI hai, jabaki digambaraparamparA candragupta maurya ko dIkSita karake unake dakSiNa jAne kA ullekha karatI hai| sambhava hai ki ve apane jIvana ke antima caraNa meM uttara se dakSiNa cale gaye hoN| uttarabhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha kI paramparA sambhUtivijaya ke praziSya sthUlabhadra ke ziSyoM se Age bddh'ii| 'kalpasUtra' meM varNita godAsagaNa aura For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 6 / pra0 2 digambara - zvetAmbara - bheda kA itihAsa / 477 usakI uparyukta cAra zAkhAoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI gaNoM, kuloM aura zAkhAoM kA sambandha sthUlabhadra kI ziSya-praziSya paramparA se hI hai| isI prakAra dakSiNa kA acela nirgranthasaMgha bhadrabAhu kI paramparA se aura uttara kA sacela nirgranthasaMgha sthUlabhadra kI paramparA se vikasita huaa|" (vahI / pR. 28-29 ) / " IsA kI dvitIya zatI meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke chaH sau nau varSa pazcAt uttarabhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha meM vibhAjana kI eka anya ghaTanA ghaTita huI, phalataH uttarabhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha sacela evaM acela aise do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gyaa| pArvApatyoM ke prabhAva se ApavAdika rUpa meM evaM zItAdi ke nivAraNArtha gRhIta hue vastrapAtra Adi jaba muni kI aparihArya upadhi banane lage, to parigraha kI isa bar3hatI huI pravRtti ko rokane ke prazna para Arya kRSNa aura Arya zivabhUti meM matabheda ho gyaa| Arya kRSNa jinakalpa kA uccheda batAkara gRhIta vastra - pAtra ko municaryA kA aparihArya aMga mAnane lage, jabaki Arya zivabhUti ne inake tyAga aura jinakalpa ke AcAraNa para bala diyaa| unakA kahanA thA ki samartha ke liye jinakalpa kA niSedha nahIM mAnanA cAhie / vastra, pAtra kA grahaNa apavAda mArga hai, utsarga mArga to acelatA hI hai / Arya zivabhUti kI uttara bhArata kI isa acelaparamparA ko zvetAmbaroM ne boTika ( bhraSTa ) kahA / kintu Age calakara yaha paramparA yApanIya ke nAma se hI adhika prasiddha huI / gopAJcala meM vikasita hone ke kAraNa yaha gopyasaMgha nAma se bhI jAnI jAtI thI / 'SaTdarzanasamuccaya' kI TIkA meM guNaratna ne gopyasaMgha evaM yApanIyasaMgha ko paryAyavAcI batAyA hai / yApanIyasaMgha kI vizeSatA yaha thI ki eka ora yaha zvetAmbaraparamparA ke samAna ' AcArAMga', 'sUtrakRtAMga', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'dazavaikAlika' Adi arddhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya ko mAnya karatA thA, jo ki use uttarAdhikAra meM hI prApta huA thA, sAtha hI vaha sacela, strI aura anyatairthikoM kI mukti ko svIkAra karatA thA / AgamasAhitya ke vastra - pAtra sambandhI ullekhoM ko vaha sAdhviyoM evaM ApavAdika sthiti meM muniyoM se sambandhita mAnatA thA, kintu dUsarI ora vaha digambara- paramparA ke samAna vastra aura pAtra kA niSedha kara muni kI nagnatA para bala detA thaa| yApanIya muni nagna rahate the aura pANitalabhojI (hAtha meM bhojana karanevAle) hote the| inake AcAryoM ne uttarAdhikAra meM prApta AgamoM se gAthAe~ lekara zaurasenI prAkRta meM aneka grantha bnaaye| inameM 'kaSAyaprAbhRta', 'SaTkhaNDAgama', 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA', 'mUlAcAra' Adi prasiddha haiM / "dakSiNa bhArata meM acela - nirgranthaparamparA kA itihAsa IsvI san kI tIsarI - cauthI zatI taka andhakAra meM hI hai| isa sambandha meM hameM na to vizeSa sAhityika sAkSya hI milate haiM aura na abhilekhIya hI / yadyapi isa kAla ke kucha pUrva ke brAhmIlipi ke aneka guphA - abhilekha tamilanADu meM pAye jAte haiM, kintu ve zramaNoM yA nirmAtA For Personal & Private Use Only

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478 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a06/pra02 ke nAma ke atirikta koI jAnakArI nahIM dete| tamilanADu meM abhilekhayukta jo guphAyeM haiM, ve sambhavataH nirgrantha ke samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane ke sthala rahe hoNge| saMgama yuga ke tamilasAhitya se itanA avazya jJAta hotA hai ki jainazramaNoM ne bhI tamila bhASA ke vikAsa aura samRddhi meM apanA yogadAna diyA thaa| tirUkurala ke jainAcAryakRta hone kI bhI eka mAnyatA hai| IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM tamiladeza kA yaha nirgranthasaMgha karNATaka ke rAste uttara kI ora bar3hA, udhara uttara kA nirgranthasaMgha sacela (zvetAmbara) aura acelaka (yApanIya) ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hokara dakSiNa meM gyaa|" (vahI/ pR. 29-30) / ina vaktavyoM meM DaoNkTara sA0 ne nimnalikhita mAnyatAe~ pratipAdita kI haiM 1. IsApUrva cauthI zatI meM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM jo nirgranthazramaNasaMgha dakSiNa calA gayA thA, usI kA pratinidhi Aja kA digambarasaMgha hai| arthAt digambarasaMgha kI sthApanA na to boTika zivabhUti ne kI thI, na AcArya kundakunda ne| vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA yathAvat anugAmI maulika saMgha hai| 2. dakSiNa-pravAsI acela-nirgranthasaMgha bhadrabAhu (cauthI zatI I0 pU0) kI paramparA se vikasita huA thA aura uttaravAsI sacela zramaNasaMgha kA vikAsa sthUlabhadra (cauthI zatI I0 pU0) kI paramparA se huA thaa| ___3. pahale bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI sabhI muni nagna aura pANipAtrabhojI hote the| saMgha-vibhAjana ke pazcAt ekamAtra bhadrabAhunIta dakSiNapravAsI nirgranthazramaNasaMgha hI nagna aura pANipAtrabhojI banA rhaa| sthUlabhadranIta uttarabhAratavAsI zramaNasaMgha zItala jalavAyu kI pIr3A se bacane ke lie vastradhAraNa karane lagA aura bhikSuoM kI bar3hatI saMkhyA ke kAraNa eka ghara se paryApta bhikSA na mila pAne se aneka gharoM se bhikSA prApta karane ke lie pAtra rakhane lgaa| isa prakAra digambara-paramparA maulika hai aura zvetAmbaraparamparA viksit| 4. bhadrabAhunIta acela nirgranthasaMgha dakSiNa calA gayA thA aura uttarabhArata-sthita sthUlabhadranIta zramaNasaMgha sacela ho gayA thA, ataH sacelAcelasaMgha kA astitva bhArata ke kisI bhI kone meM nahIM thaa| 5. vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda sthUlabhadrAnuyAyI zvetAmbarasaMgha se yApanIyasaMgha kA udbhava huaa| ataH zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM sampradAyoM kI utpatti eka hI paramparA se nahIM huii| sthUlabhadrAnuyAyI zvetAmbarasampradAya kA janma usa mUla nirgranthasaMgha se huA thA, jisa kA pratinidhi zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA anuyAyI nirgranthasaMgha thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra02 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 479 DaoNkTara sA0 kI ina mAnyatAoM meM kevala do mAnyatAe~ kramazaH itihAsa-sammata aura Agamasammata nahIM haiN| yApanIyasaMgha kA janma vI0 ni0 saM0 609 (I0 san 82/ DaoN0 sA0 ke anusAra I0 san 142) meM huA thA, yaha mAnyatA itihAsa-sammata nahIM hai| vastutaH usakI utpatti IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM huI thii| DaoNkTara sA0 ne svayaM pUrva meM yahI mAnA hai| isake pramANa saptama adhyAya (pra.1 / zI010) meM draSTavya haiN| tathA mathurAzilpa meM mUrtita sAdhuoM kA veza AcArAMgokta sAdhuveza ke anurUpa hai, yaha mAnyatA Agama-sammata nahIM hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki AcArAMga meM eka, do yA tIna prAvaraNa dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna zItaparISaha-nivAraNa ke lie kiyA gayA hai, lajjAnivAraNa ke lie nhiiN| lajjAnivAraNa ke lie kaTibandhana (colapaTTa) pahanane kI AjJA dI gaI hai| (dekhie/adhyAya 3/ prakaraNa 1/ zIrSaka 6) / mathurAzilpa meM mUrtita sAdhu lajjAnivAraNa ke lie hAtha para vastra yA kambala laTakAye hue hai, usakA kaTipradeza kaTibandhana (colapaTTa) se veSTita nahIM hai, apitu nagna hai| yaha veza AcArAMgokta sAdhuveza ke viruddha hai| zeSa sabhI mantavya itihAsa-sammata haiM, kevala itanA saMzodhana Avazyaka hai ki digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke anantara hI ho gayA thaa| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM mUlanirgranthasaMgha meM dUsarI bAra vibhAjana huA thA aura taba ardhaphAlaka-sampradAya kI utpatti huI thI, jo IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI taka vidyamAna rahA, pazcAt zvetAmbarasampradAya meM vilIna ho gyaa| uparyukta vaktavyoM meM prakaTa kI gayI anya mAnyatAe~, jaise SaTkhaNDAgama Adi granthoM ke kartA yApanIya-AcArya the, pUrvavat hI haiN| unakA nirasana uttaravartI adhyAyoM meM kiyA jaayegaa| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA yaha antima nirNaya ki Aja kI digambaraparamparA kA pUrvaja (zrutakevalI bhadrabAhunIta) dakSiNI acela nirgranthasaMgha hai, atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isase 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' grantha meM prakaTa kI gayIM unakI digambaramatavirodhI aneka mAnyatAe~ svataH nirasta ho jAtI haiN| isakA pradarzana yathAsthAna kiyA jaayegaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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tRtIya prakaraNa zvetAmbarasAhitya kA vikAsa DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne apane navIna grantha 'jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA' meM zvetAmbarasAhitya ke vikAsa para bhI prakAza DAlA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki zvetAmbaramAnya AcArAMga Adi sabhI Agama IsApUrva kI racanAe~ nahIM haiM, samavAyAMga jaise Agamagrantha to IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI meM race gaye haiN| inakI racanA ke kAlakrama kA jJAna DaoNkTara sA0 kI aneka kapolakalpita mAnyatAoM ke nirasana meM upayogI hai, ataH zvetAmbarasAhitya ke vikAsa para prakAza DAlanevAle unake vacana nIce uddhRta kiye jA rahe haiN| ve likhate haiM "mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt se lekara IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI * taka eka hajAra varSa kI isa sudIrgha avadhi meM arddhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya kA nirmANa evaM saMkalana hotA rahA hai| ataH Aja hameM jo Agama upalabdha haiM, ve na to eka vyakti kI racanA haiM aura na eka kAla kii| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, eka hI Agama meM vividha kAloM kI sAmagrI saMkalita haiN| isa avadhi meM sarvaprathama I0 pU0 tIsarI zatI meM pATaliputra meM prathama vAcanA huI, sambhavataH isa vAcanA meM aMgasUtroM evaM pArkhApatyaparamparA ke pUrvasAhitya ke granthoM kA saMkalana huaa| pUrvasAhitya ke saMkalana kA prazna isaliye mahattvapUrNa bana gayA thA ki pApitya-paramparA lupta hone lagI thii| isake pazcAt Arya skandila kI adhyakSatA meM mathurA meM aura Arya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM vallabhI meM samAnAntara vAcanAe~ huIM, jinameM aMga, upAMga Adi Agama saMkalita hue| isake pazcAt vIra nirvANa 980 arthAt I0 san kI pA~cavIM zatI meM vallabhI meM devarddhikSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM antima vAcanA huii| vartamAna Agama isI vAcanA kA pariNAma haiN| phira bhI devarddhi ina AgamoM ke sampAdaka hI haiM, racanAkAra nhiiN| unhoMne mAtra granthoM ko suvyavasthita kiyaa| ina granthoM kI sAmagrI to unake pahale kI hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM jahA~ 'AcArAMga' evaM 'sUtrakRtAMga' ke prathama zrutaskadha, RSibhASita', 'uttarAdhyayana', 'dazavaikAlika' Adi prAcIna stara ke arthAt I0 pU0 ke grantha haiM, vahIM 'samavAyAMga', vartamAna 'praznavyAkaraNa' Adi paryApta paravartI arthAt lagabhaga I0 sa0 kI pAMcavIM zatI ke haiN| 'sthAnAMga', 'aMtakRddazA', 'jJAtAdharmakathA' aura 'bhagavatI' kA kucha aMza prAcIna (arthAt I0 pU0 kA) hai, to kucha paryApta paravartI hai| upAMgasAhitya meM apekSAkRta rUpa meM 'sUryaprajJapti', 'rAjapraznIya', 'prajJApanA' prAcIna haiN| upAMgoM kI apekSA bhI cheda-sUtroM kI prAcInatA nirvivAda hai| isI prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya meM aneka grantha aise haiM, jo kucha aMgoM aura upAMgoM kI apekSA bhI prAcIna haiN| phira bhI sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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a06/pra03 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa / 481 antima rUpa lagabhaga I0 san kI chaThI zatI ke pUrvArdha meM milA, yadyapi isake bAda bhI isameM kucha prakSepa aura parivartana hue haiN| IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pazcAt se dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka mukhyataH Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya ke rUpa meM niyukti, bhASya, cUrNI aura TIkAe~ likhI giiN| yadyapi kucha niyuktiyA~ prAcIna bhI haiN| isa kAla meM ina Agamika vyAkhyAoM ke atirikta svataMtra grantha bhI likhe gye|"(jaindhrm kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA / pR.31)| nirNItArtha prastuta adhyAya meM upasthita kiye gaye uparyukta pramANoM se nimnalikhita bAteM siddha hotI haiM 1. jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI ekAntaacelamuktivAdI nirgranthasaMgha yA acelasaMgha se 'zvetapaTa' nAmaka sagranthasaMgha yA sacelasaMgha kA udbhava huA thaa| usake zvetapaTa, zvetavastra, sitAmbara yA zvetAmbara nAma se prasiddha hone ke kAraNa nirgranthasaMgha bhI Age calakara 'digambarasaMgha' ke nAma se vyapadiSTa hone lgaa| isase siddha hai ki digambarasaMgha nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se jambUsvAmI ke pUrva vidyamAna thaa| ataH boTika zivabhUti se vIra ni0 saM0 609 meM athavA AcArya kundakunda se vikrama kI chaThI zatI (pA~cavIM zatI I0) meM digambarasampradAya kI utpatti batalAnA satya kA ghora apalApa hai| 2. acelaka dharma ke anuyAyI antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu bAraha hajAra ziSyoM ke sAtha uttarabhArata se dakSiNabhArata gaye the, isase sUcita hotA hai ki vahA~ digambarajainamata ke anuyAyI pahale se hI vidyamAna the, anyathA bAraha hajAra digambaramuniyoM kI AhAracaryA vahA~ saMbhava nahIM thii| isase siddha hotA hai ki digambaraparamparA atiprAcIna hai| 3. jambUsvAmI ke nirvANAnantara nirgranthasaMgha ke bheda (vibhAjana) se zvetAmbarasampradAya kA janma huA thaa| tatpazcAt zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM punaH usake (nirgranthasaMgha ke) hI bheda se ardhaphAlakasaMgha kI utpatti huii| inake atirikta nirgranthasaMgha ke bheda se anya kisI bhI savastramukti evaM strImukti ke samarthaka saMgha kI utpatti kA ullekha sAhitya yA zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai| savastramukti aura strImukti ke virodhI digambarasaMgha kI utpatti nirgranthasaMgha ke bheda se nahIM huI thI, kyoMki vaha to nirgranthasaMgha kA hI nAmAntara hai, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se calA A rahA hai| yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti zvetAmbarasaMgha ke bheda se huI thI, isakA ullekha hariSeNa ke 'bRhatkathAkoza' evaM ratnanandIkRta 'bhadrabAhucarita' meM milatA hai| svayaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne use uttarabhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha se vibhakta huA mAnakara yaha mAna liyA hai ki For Personal & Private Use Only

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482 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 6 / pra0 3 usakI utpatti zvetAmbarasaMgha se hI huI thI, kyoMki unhoMne sthUlabhadranIta sacelasaMgha ko hI uttarabhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha kahA hai| ataH unakI 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' grantha meM pratipAdita yaha pUrva mAnyatA aprAmANika hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anuyAyI mUla nirgranthasaMgha sacelAcelamArgI thA aura usake bheda se zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kA udbhava huA thA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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saptama adhyAya For Personal & Private Use Only

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saptama adhyAya yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa prathama prakaraNa yApanIyasaMgha kA svarUpa .. isa sampradAya kA paricaya dete hue paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI likhate haiM-"jainadharma ke do sampradAya haiM : digambara aura shvetaambr| ina donoM ke anuyAyI lAkhoM haiM aura sAhitya bhI vipula hai, isalie inake matoM aura matabhedoM se sAdhAraNataH sabhI paricita haiM, parantu isa bAta kA bahuta hI kama logoM ko patA hai ki ina do ke atirikta eka tIsarA sampradAya bhI thA, jise yApanIya, ApulIya yA gopya saMgha kahate the aura jisakA isa samaya eka bhI anuyAyI nahIM hai| --- kisI samaya yaha sampradAya karnATaka aura usake Asa-pAsa bahuta prabhAvazAlI rahA hai| kadamba, rASTrakUTa aura dUsare vaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne isa saMgha ko aura isake sAdhuoM ko aneka bhUmidAna kiye the| haribhadra ne apanI lalitavistarA meM yApanIyataMtra kA sammAnapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai|" (jai.sA.i./ dvi.saM. / pR. 56) / . siddhAnta aura AcAra 16vIM zatI I0 ke bhaTTAraka ratnanandI (ratnakIrti) ne bhadrabAhucarita meM yApanIyoM ke siddhAnta aura AcaraNa ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki ve veza (liMga) to digambaroM kA dhAraNa karate the, lekina AcAra zvetAmbaroM kA pAlana karate the-"dhRtaM digvAsasAM rUpamAcAraH sitvaassaam|" (zloka 4/153) / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki yApanIya sAdhuoM kA kevala veza digambarasAdhuoM jaisA hotA thA, jaise ve nagna rahate the, mayUrapicchI rakhate the aura pANitala meM bhojana lekara karate the, lekina zeSa sampUrNa AcaraNa zvetAmbarasAdhuoM ke samAna thaa| arthAt saMbhavataH unake hI samAna aneka bAra AhArajala lete the, baiThakara bhojana karate the, zItAdinivAraNArtha kambala yA cAdara or3hate the, arza-bhagandara Adi roga ho jAne para vastrAdi kA upayoga karate the' tathA 1. ka-arzo-bhagandarAdiSu gRhItacIro yatina mucyet| apasarge vA cIre gdAdiH saMnyasyate cAtte // 17 // zAkaTAyana : striinirvaannprkrnn| For Personal & Private Use Only

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486 / jainaparamparA aura yAghanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 1 sabhI zvetAmbara AgamoM evaM unameM pratipAdita savastramukti, strImukti Adi siddhAntoM ko mAnate the| AcArya zrI hastImala jI bhI likhate haiM- "digambarAcArya ratnanandI ne 'bhadrabAhucarita' nAmaka apanI racanA meM ullikhita 'dhRtaM digvAsasAM rUpamAcAraH sitavAsasAm' isa zlokArddha se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM aura AcAryoM Adi kA AcAra-vicAra zvetAmbara - paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke anurUpa thaa| isase yaha svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki yApanIyaparamparA kI mAnyatAe~ adhikAMza meM zvetAmbaraparamparA kI mAnyatAoM se milatI-julatI thiiN|" (jai. dha. mau.i. / bhA. 3 / pR. 212 ) / zvetAmbarAcArya zrI guNaratnasUri (14vIM zatI I0) ne yApanIyoM ke AcAra kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki ve nagna rahate haiM, pANipAtra meM bhojana karate haiM, mayUrapicchI rakhate haiM, vandanA kiye jAne para 'dharmalAbha ho' yaha AzIrvAda dete haiM tathA striyoM kI mukti aura kevalibhukti mAnate haiN| unakA dUsarA nAma gopya bhI hai| yApanIyatantra nAmaka grantha meM strImukti ke samarthana meM jo yuktiyA~ dI gayI haiM, unheM zrI haribhadrasUri (8 vIM zatI I0) ne lalitavistarA ( gAthA 3 / pR. 402 ) meM uddhRta kiyA hai| isase yApanIyoM kI strImukti - mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai / zrutasAgarasUri (15vIM zatI I0) likhate haiM- " yApanIya khaccaroM ke samAna haiM / ve zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM matoM ko mAnate haiM / ve ratnatraya kI pUjA karate haiM aura kalpasUtra kA vAcana bhI karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki striyoM kA tadbhavamokSa hotA hai, kevalI bhagavAn kavalAhAra karate haiM, tathA parazAsana mAnanevAle sagrantha kI mukti hotI hai / ' ,3 paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne ina ullekhoM ke AdhAra para likhA hai - " lalitavistarA ke karttA haribhadrasUri, SaDdarzanasamuccaya ke TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri aura SaTprAbhRta ke vyAkhyAtA kha - strInirvANaprakaraNa evaM kevalibhuktiprakaraNa ke racayitA zAkaTAyana kA vAstavika nAma pAlkIrti thaa| (dekhiye, Age pAdaTippaNI 159 ) / 44 2. " digambarAH punarnAgnyaliGgAH pANipAtrAzca / te caturdhA kASThAsaGgha -mUlasaGgha-mAthurasaGghagopyasaGghabhedAt / gopyA maayuurpicchikaa| gopyastu vandyamAnA dharmalAbhaM bhaNanti, strINAM muktiM kevalinAM bhuktiM ca manyante / gopyA yApanIyA ityapyucyante / " ta. ra. dI. / SaDdarzanasamuccaya / caturtha adhikAra / pRSTha 161 / 3. "yApanIyAstu vesarA gardabhA ivobhayaM manyante, ratnatrayaM pUjayanti kalpaM ca vAcayanti, strINAM tadbhave mokSaM, kevalijinAnAM kavalAhAraM, parazAsane sagranthAnAM mokSaM ca kathayanti / " zrutasAgaraTIkA / daMsaNapAhuDa / gAthA 11 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 7 / pra0 1 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 487 zrutasAgara sUri ke anusAra yApanIyasaMgha ke muni nagna rahate the, mora kI picchI rakhate the, pANitalabhojI the, nagnamUrtiyA~ pUjate the aura vandanA karanevAle zrAvakoM ko 'dharmalAbha' dete the| ye saba bAteM to digambariyoM jaisI thIM, parantu sAtha hI ve mAnate the ki striyoM ko usI bhava meM mokSa ho sakatA hai, kevalI bhojana karate haiM aura sagranthAvasthA aura parazAsana se bhI mukti honA saMbhava hai| isake sivAya zAkaTAyana kI amoghavRtti ke kucha udAharaNoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha meM Avazyaka, chedasUtra, niryukti aura dazavaikAlika Adi granthoM kA paThana-pAThana hotA thA, arthAt ina bAtoM meM ve zvetAmbariyoM ke samAna the|" (jai. sA. i. / pra.saM./ pR. 44) / yApanIya-sampradAya digambaraliMga (jinakalpa) evaM zvetAmbaramAnya savastraliMga ( sthavirakalpa) donoM se mukti mAnatA thA / yApanIya AcArya pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana strInirvANaprakaraNa ( kArikA 16) meM likhate haiM ki jaise sthavirakalpI (vastradhArI) muniyoM ko mokSa hotA hai, vaise hI vastratyAga na karanevAlI striyoM ko bhI saMbhava hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 15 / prakaraNa 1 / zIrSaka 2) / pAlyakIrti ne strImukti ke samarthana meM digambaramAnya vedavaiSamya ko amAnya kiyA hai| unakI vedavaiSamya - virodhI yuktiyoM kA prarUpaNa adhyAya 11 / prakaraNa 5 / zIrSaka 1 meM avalokanIya hai| isa milAvaTI caritra ke hI kAraNa indranandI (11 vIM zatI I0) ne nItisAra meM yApanIyoM ko pA~ca jainAbhAsoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai gopucchikaH zvetAvAsA drAviDo yApanIyakaH / niH picchikazceti paJcaite jainAbhAsAH prakIrtitAH // 10 // ye jainAbhAsa tIrthaMkaroM kI nagna mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita karate the / zrutasAgarasUri ne likhA hai "yA paJcajainAbhAsairaJcalikArahitApi nagnamUrtirapi pratiSThitA sA na vandanIyA, na cArcanIyA / yA tu jainAbhAsarahitaiH sAkSAdArhatasaGghaiH pratiSThitA cakSuH stanAdiSu vikArarahitA nandisaGgha-senasaGgha-devasaGgha-siMhasaGgha samupanyastA sA vandanIyA / " (TIkA / bodha pAhuDa / gA. 10) / anuvAda - "pA~ca jainAbhAsoM dvArA jo la~goTIrahita nagnamUrti pratiSThita kI jAtI hai, vaha na vandanIya hai, na pUjanIya / jo jainAbhAsatvarahita sAkSAt ArhatasaMgha ke nandisaMgha, senasaMgha, devasaMgha evaM siMhasaMgha ke dvArA cakSu - stana Adi meM vikArarahita mUrti pratiSThita kI jAtI hai, vaha vandanIya hai / " zrutasAgarasUri ke isa kathana se mAlUma hotA hai ki yApanIyoM dvArA pratiSThita jinapratimAe~ nagna hotI thIM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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488 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 acelakatA-sacelakatA donoM ke pakSadhara-DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA kathana hai ki uttarabhArata kI sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA se acelatA ke pakSadhara yApanIyasaMgha aura sacelatA ke pakSadhara zvetAmbarasaMgha kA udbhava huA thaa| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.24)| yaha kathana bhramotpAdaka hai| yApanIyasaMgha acelatA aura sacelatA donoM kA pakSadhara thA, balki acelatA se adhika sacelatA kA pakSadhara thaa| strImukti kI jaisI vakAlata yApanIyagrantha strInirvANaprakaraNa aura yApanIyatantra meM kI gaI hai, vaisI zvetAmbaragranthoM meM bhI nahIM miltii| zrI haribhadrasUri ne lalitavistarA meM strImukti ke samarthana meM yApanIyatantra ke hI tarka uddhRta kiye haiN| savastramukti, gRhasthamukti aura paratIrthikamukti kA bhI yApanIyasampradAya meM utanA hI samarthana kiyA gayA hai, jitanA zvetAmbarasampradAya meN| kintu jaba savastramukti saMbhava hai, taba acelatA kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna kisI bhI yApanIyagrantha meM nahIM miltaa| tAtparya yaha ki yApanIyasampradAya meM yuktivAda ke dvArA sacelatA kA to aucitya siddha kiyA gayA hai, kintu acelatA kA nhiiN| isase spaSTa hai ki yAMpanIyamata siddhAntataH sacelatA kA hI pakSadhara thA, acelatA to usameM kevala laukika prayojanavaza svIkAra kI gaI thii| isakA spaSTIkaraNa Age draSTavya hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI likhate haiM-"yApanIyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki acelatA hI zreSTha mArga hai, kintu ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM muni vastra rakha sakatA hai| (jai.dh.yaa.sN./pR.431)| usakI (yApanIyamata kI) dRSTi meM acelakatva (nagnatva) utsargamArga hai aura sacelakatva apvaadmaarg|" (jai.dh.yaa.s./pR.432)| isake samarthana meM lekhaka ne 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' ko yApanIyagrantha mAnate hue usakI "ussaggiyaliMgakadassa" gAthA (76) uddhRta kI hai| kintu 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' yApanIyagrantha nahIM, apitu digambaragrantha hai, yaha Age 'bhagavatIArAdhanA' nAma ke adhyAya meM siddha kiyA jaayegaa| isase spaSTa hai ki uparyukta mAnyatA kisI yApanIyagrantha se samarthita nahIM hai| vastutaH yApanIyamata meM utsarga-apavAda kA bheda hI nahIM milatA, apitu acelatA aura sacelatA donoM ko vaikalpika (aicchika) rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gaI hai| (dekhiye, adhyAya 14 / pra. 2 / zI. 1.5, 1.6., 1.9 evaM 1.10) / ataH yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki yApanIyasaMgha acelatA kA pakSadhara thaa| vastutaH vaha donoM ko samAna mahattva detA thaa| ataH vaha sacelAcelamArgI thaa| boTika zivabhUti yApanIyamata kA pravartaka nahIM dvitIya adhyAya meM muni kalyANavijaya jI, paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA aura DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke kathana uddhRta kie gaye haiM, jinameM unhoMne kahA hai ki boTika zivabhUti ne vIranirvANa saM0 609 (san 82 I0) meM yApanIyamata kA pravartana kiyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 489 a0 7 / pra0 1 thaa| pahale isakA nAma boTikamata par3A, phira mUlagaNa yA mUlasaMgha, tadanantara 'yApanIya' nAma se prasiddha huA / Age calakara DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne yApanIyamata kA utpattikAla IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI mAna liyA / ( dekhiye, adhyAya 2/ pra.2 / zI. 6.5 evaM pra. 3 / zI. 1) / kintu, dvitIya adhyAya meM yukti-pramANapUrvaka siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki boTika zivabhUti ne, na digambaramata kA pravartana kiyA thA, na yApanIyamata kA, apitu usane zvetAmbaramata chor3akara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA praNIta sarvathA acelamArgI digambaramata apanAyA thA / 'Avazyaka mUlabhASya' Adi ke karttAoM ne digambaramata ko hI 'boTikamata' zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| 3 zvetAmbarasaMgha se yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti zvetAmbarasAhitya se yApanIyasaMgha ke udgama, samaya aura pravartaka - puruSa ke viSaya meM koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotI / digambarasAhitya se hI ina bAtoM kI kucha jAnakArI milatI hai| 4 bRhatkathAkozakAra AcArya hariSeNa ( I. san 931) ne bRhatkathAkoza ke bhadrabAhukathAnaka meM zithilAcArI nirgrantha sAdhuoM se ardhaphAlakasaMgha kI utpatti, usase zvetAmbarasaMgha kA udaya tathA zvetAmbarasaMgha se yApanIyasaMgha ke janma kI kathA kA varNana kiyA hai| isakA vistAra se nirUpaNa SaSTha adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| devasenasUri (933 I0) ne apane graMtha darzanasAra meM likhA hai ki vikramasaMvat 205 meM kalyANanagara meM zrIkalaza nAmaka zvetAmbara muni se yApanIyasaMgha utpanna huAkallANe varaNayare duNNisae paMca uttare jAde / jAvaNiya- saMghabhAvo sirikalasAdo hu sevaDado // 29 // ratnanandI ne bhadrabAhucarita meM yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti para prakAza DAlanevAlI nimna ghaTanA kA varNana kiyA hai-karahATaka nAmaka nagara meM rAjA bhUpAla rAjya karate the| unakI nRkuladevI nAma kI priya rAnI thii| eka bAra rAnI ne apane pati se kahA ki mere pitRnagara meM mere kucha gurujana (munigaNa) padhAre haiN| dharmaprabhAvanA ke lie Apa 4. bAyeM hAtha para ardhavastrakhaNDa laTakAkara calanevAle sAdhu ardhaphAlakadhArI kahalAte the| (bRhatkathAkoza / bhadrabAhukathAnaka / zloka 58 ) / dekhie, adhyAya 6 / prakaraNa 1/ zIrSaka 6 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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490 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 unheM bhaktipUrvaka yahA~ bulvaayeN| rAjA ne buddhisAgara nAma ke maMtrI ko guruoM ke pAsa bhejaa| vaha vinayapUrvaka unheM karahATaka le aayaa| rAjA ThATha-bATa se agavAnI ke lie gyaa| para usane dUra se dekhA ki ye to digambara sAdhu nahIM haiN| ye to savastra haiM aura inake hAtha meM bhikSApAtra aura lAThI hai| ye kauna se sAdhu haiM? nirgranthatArahita yaha kauna sA mata hai? rAjA ne unake pAsa jAnA ucita nahIM smjhaa| vaha ghara lauTa AyA aura rAnI se bolA-"jinamata ke viruddha calanevAle, parigrahapizAca ke vazIbhUta ye hI tumhAre guru haiM? maiM inheM nahIM maanuuNgaa|" rAnI rAjA kA Azaya samajha gii| vaha turanta guruoM ke pAsa gaI aura prArthanA kI, ki ve vastrAdi kA tyAga kara nirgrantha veza dhAraNa kara leN| sAdhuoM ne rAnI kA anurodha svIkAra kara turanta vastrAdi kA tyAga kara diyA aura pIchI-kamaNDalu lekara digambaramudrA meM rAjya meM praveza kiyaa| taba rAjA bhUpAla ne jAkara bar3e ThATha-bATa se unakI agavAnI kI aura unheM nagara meM le aayaa| "isa taraha rAjA Adi ke dvArA pUjita aura sammAnita hone para unhoMne rUpa to digambara sAdhuoM kA dhAraNa kara liyA, kintu unakA zraddhAna aura AcaraNa zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ke hI samAna banA rhaa| gurudIkSA ke binA unhoMne jo digambaraliMga dhAraNa kiyA thA, vaha naTa ke rUpa ke samAna upahAsAspada bana gyaa| (bhadrabAhucarita 4/137153) / Age calakara inhIM sAdhuoM se yApanIyasaMgha kA prAdurbhAva huaa| bhadrabAhucarita se kathA kA prAsaMgika saMskRta mUla nIce diyA jA rahA hai anyadAvasaraM prApya rAjhyA vijJApito nRpH| svAminmadguravaH santi guravo'smatpituH pure||4/140|| AnAyayata tAnbhaktyA dhrmkrmaabhivRddhye| nizamya tadvaco bhuubhRdaahuuyaamaatymnyjsaa||4/141|| buddhisaagrnaamaanmpraissiillaatumaadraat| AsAdyAsau gurUn bhaktyA prvrprshryaanvitH||4/142|| bhUyo'bhyarthanayAmAtyaH pattanaM nijmaanyt| nizamyAgamanaM teSAM mudamApa paraM nRpH||4/143|| mahatADambareNAsAvacAlIdvandituM guruun| dUrAdAlokya tAnsAdhUndadhyAditi suvismyaat||4/144|| aho nirgranthatAzUnyaM kimidaM nautanaM mtm| na me'tra yujyate gantuM paatrdnnddaadimnndditm||4/145|| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra01 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 491 vyAghuTya bhUpatistasmAdAgatya nijmndirm| bhASate sma mahAdevI guravaste kumaarggaaH||4/146|| jinoditbhirbhuut-drshnaashritvRttyH| parigrahagrahagrastAnnaitAnmanyAmahe vym|| 4/147 // sA tu manogataM rAjJo jnyaatvaa'gaadgurusnnidhim| natvA vijJApayAmAsa vinyaantmstkaa||4/148|| bhagavanmadAgrahAdagrayAM gRhiitaamrpuujitaam| nirgranthapadavIM pUtAM hitvA saGgaM mudaakhilm||4/149|| urarIkRtya te rAjyA vacanaM vidussaarcitm| tatyajuH sakalaM saGgaM vsnaadikmnyjsaa||4/150|| kare kamaNDaluM kRtvA picchikAM ca jinoditaam| jagrahurjinamudrAM te dhvlaaNshukdhaarinnH|| 4 /151 // vizAMpatistato gatvA'bhimukhaM bhuurismbhrmaat| natvAtibhaktitaH saadhuunmdhyepttnmaanyt||4/152|| tadAtivelaM bhUpAdyaiH pUjitA mAnitAzca taiH| dhRtaM digvAsasAM rUpamAcAraH sitvaassaam||4/153|| guruzikSAtigaM liGgaM nttvdbhnnddimaaspdm| tato yApanasaGgho'bhUtteSAM kaapthvrtinaam||4/154|| isa kathA meM bhI zvetAmbarasaMgha se hI yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti batalAyI gaI hai| uttarabhArata kI sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA kAlpanika DaoN0 sAgaramala jI isa mata para Apatti uThAte hue kahate haiM-"ratnanandI kA yaha mata pUrNataH prAmANika nahIM hai| yApanIyoM kI utpatti zvetAmbara-paramparA se na hokara usa mUladhArA se huI hai, jo zvetAmbara-paramparA kI bhI pUrvaja thI, jisase kAlakrama se vartamAna zvetAmbaradhArA kA vikAsa huA hai| vastutaH mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM jaba vastrapAtrAdi meM vRddhi hone lagI aura acelakatva kI pratiSThA kSINa hone lagI, taba usase acelatA ke pakSadhara yApanIya aura sacelatA ke pakSadhara zvetAmbara aisI do dhArAe~ nikliiN| punaH yApanIya-sampradAya kA janma dakSiNa meM na hokara uttarabhArata meM huaa|"(jai. dha. yA. s./pR.23-24)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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492 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 DaoNkTara sA0 kI yaha Apatti nyAyya nahIM hai| dvitIya adhyAya (prakaraNa 3 evaM 4) meM sapramANa siddha kiyA gayA hai ki uttarabhArata meM to kyA, sampUrNa bhArata meM yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti ke pUrva koI sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA vidyamAna nahIM thii| usake pUrva jainaparamparA meM do hI saMgha the : ekAnta-acelamArgI-nigraMtha-(digambara)-saMgha tathA ekaantscelmaargii-shvetptt-shrmnn-sNgh| isa ekAnta-sacelamArgI-zvetapaTa-zramaNa-saMgha ke hI kucha sAdhuoM ne yApanIyasaMgha kI nIMva DAlI thii| ataH DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kI Apatti ucita nahIM hai| jisa sacelAcela-nirgrantha-paramparA kA astitva hI nahIM thA, usase zvetAmbara aura yApanIya saMghoM kI utpatti mAnanA AkAzakusuma se sugaMdha kI utpatti mAnanA hai| ataH hariSeNa, devasenasUri tathA ratnanandI ina tInoM kA yaha kathana aprAmANika nahIM hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kA janma zvetAmbarasaMgha se huA thaa| digambarasaMgha se yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti nahIM AcArya hastImala jI yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti digambaraparamparA se mAnate hue likhate haiM-"darzanasAra kI uparilikhita ('kallANaM varaNayare') gAthA meM yApanIyaparamparA kI utpatti zvetAmbarasaMgha se batAI gaI hai, kintu yApanIyasaMgha ke jitane bhI gaNoM, gacchoM athavA saMghoM ke nAma jo Aja taka prAcIna abhilekhoM (zilAlekhoM, tAmrapatroM) Adi meM upalabdha hue haiM, ve saba ke saba digambaraparamparA ke saMghoM, gaNoM, gacchoM evaM anvayoM ke samAna nAmavAle haiN| isake viparIta zvetAmbaraparamparA ke kisI bhI gaNa athavA gaccha ke samAna nAmavAlA yApanIyaparamparA kA eka bhI gaNa athavA gaccha Aja taka upalabdha huI purAtattva sAmagrI meM prApta nahIM huA hai| --- mUlasaMgha, zrImUla-mUla-saMgha, kanakotpalasaMbhUtasaMgha, punnAgavRkSamUlasaMgha, kundakundAnvaya, kaNDUrgaNa, krANUgaNa Adi saMghoM, gaNoM aura anvayoM ke nAma ina donoM (yApanIya aura digambara) paramparAoM meM samAnarUpa se upalabdha hote haiN"| (jai. dha. mau. i. / bhA.3 / pR.203-204)| AcArya hastImala jI ke mata kI asamIcInatA _ AcArya hastImala jI kA uparyukta kathana samIcIna nahIM hai| unake dvArA ullikhita saMghoM aura gaNoM meM se kevala punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa, jise unhoMne 'gaNa' na kahakara 'saMgha' kahA hai, digambara aura yApanIya saMghoM meM samAna thA, zeSa nhiiN| zeSa meM se zrImUlamUlasaMgha, kanakotpalasaMbhUta-saMgha aura kaNDUgaNa kevala yApanIyasaMgha meM the aura mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaya evaM krANUgaNa kevala digambarasaMgha meN| ataH mAtra eka 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' nAma kI samAnatA isa nirNaya kA yuktiyukta hetu nahIM hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 7 / pra0 1 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 493 digambarasaMgha se huI thI / samAnatA ko dekhA jAya to yApanIyasaMgha kI saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika samAnatA digambarasaMgha kI apekSA zvetAmbarasaMgha se adhika hai| jaise chaha dravya, sAta tattva, aSTakarma, samyagdarzana - jJAna - cAritrarUpa mokSamArga, vItarAga devazAstra - guru evaM ahiMsAdi siddhAntoM kI adhika samAnatA ke kAraNa zvetAmbarajaina-sampradAya kI utpatti nirgrantha (digambara jaina) sampradAya se hI siddha hotI hai, bauddhasampradAya se nahIM, jaise siddhAnta aura vyavahAra kI adhika samAnatA ke kAraNa sthAnakavAsI - zvetAmbara sampradAya kA udbhava mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbarasampradAya se hI siddha hotA hai, digambara jaina - sampradAya se nahIM, vaise hI savastramukti (yApanIyamata meM vaikalpikarUpa se), strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti, kevalibhukti Adi siddhAntoM evaM 'dharmalAbha' kahakara AzIrvAda dene Adi-rUpa vyavahAra kI atyanta samAnatA ke kAraNa yApanIyasampradAya kA janma zvetAmbarasampradAya se hI siddha hotA hai, digambarasampradAya se nahIM / AcArya hastImala jI ne svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai ki " yApanIyaparamparA kI mAnyatAe~ adhikAMza meM zvetAmbaraparamparA kI mAnyatAoM se milatI julatI haiM / " (dekhiye, prastuta adhyAya / prakaraNa 1/ zIrSaka 1 / anuccheda 2 ) / nAma aura veza kA anukaraNa to unase bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, jinase koI vaMzagata sambandha na ho, kintu samAna bhASA, mAnyatAe~ aura prathAe~ virAsata meM unhIM se milatI hai, jinake sAtha vaMzagata sambandha hotA hai| yaha manovijJAna kA niyama hai ki jaba AkRtiyA~ aura veza samAna hoM, taba bhASA aura saMskAroM se hI manuSya ke mUla kA nirNaya hotA hai / yApanIyoM kI zvetAmbarIya mAnyatAoM se unake zvetAmbarIya saMskAroM kA bodha hotA hai / aura unake dvArA AzIrvAda meM bolA jAnevAlA 'dharmalAbha' vacana tathA apanI pahacAna ke lie prayukta 'yApanIya' nAma zvetAmbaroM kI Agama-bhASA ke zabda haiM / ataH yApanIyoM meM zvetAmbarIya saMskAra aura zvetAmbaroM kI bhASA pAye jAne se siddha hai ki zvetAmbarasaMgha hI unakA mUla thA / yadi digambarasaMgha unakA mUla hotA, to yApanIya ho jAne para bhI unake mu~ha se AzIrvAda ke rUpa meM dharmavRddhi vacana hI nikalatA, dharmalAbha nhiiN| 'yApanIya' zabda bauddhasAhitya aura zvetAmbarasAhitya meM hI milatA hai, digambarasAhitya meM nahIM, isa para vizeSa prakAza Age DAlA jAyegA / 6 siddhAntaviparIta vezagrahaNa kA prayojana yApanIyasaMgha eka aisA saMgha thA, jisake sAdhu apane siddhAntoM ke viparIta liMga (veza) dhAraNa karate the / ve mAnate the ki mukti ke lie nagna rahanA Avazyaka nahIM For Personal & Private Use Only

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494 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 hai, phira bhI nagna rahate the| vicAraNIya hai ki aisA karane kA kyA prayojana thA? usa prayojana ke anveSaNa se yApanIyoM ke mUla kA nirNaya ho sakatA hai| 6.1. zvetAmbara-digambaroM meM saiddhAntika mela karAnA kucha vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki isakA prayojana zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM meM saiddhAntika mela karAnA thaa| zvetAmbara muni AcArya zrI hastImala jI likhate haiM "tIrthapravartanakAla se lekara AcArya haribhadrasUri ke samaya taka nirgrantha (viSayakaSAyoM kI granthiyoM se vihIna) zvetAmbara, eka vastra se lekara tIna vastra taka dhAraNa karanevAle, kevala agrahAra dhAraNa karanevAle, kevala kaTipaTTa dhAraNa karanevAle aura digambara (nirvastra) muni bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNasaMgha meM vidyamAna the| "isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki apratihata vihAra karate samaya agrahAra athavA kaTipaTTa dhAraNa karanevAle muni, saMghabheda ke samaya arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 609 meM bhI vidyamAna the aura unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha ko chinna-bhinna na hone, choTe-choTe Tukar3oM meM ba~Takara vighaTita na hone dene ke saduddezya se hI zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM ke bIca samanvaya banAye rakhane hetu, ina donoM sampradAyoM ke bIca kA madhyamArga apanAyA aura unakA saMgha yApanIyasaMgha athavA ApulIyasaMgha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha huaa|" (jai.dha.mau.i. / bhA. 3 / pR. 210-211) / ___DaoN0 sAgaramala jI bhI likhate haiM-"bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA kA sahI rUpa meM pratinidhitva karanevAlA tathA vartamAna zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparAoM ke madhya yojaka kar3I ke rUpa meM vikasita yaha (yApanIya) sampradAya merI adhyayanaruci kA viSaya to thA hI --- / " (lekhakIya / pR.V / jai.dh.yaa.s.)| isa prakAra ina mahAnubhAvoM kA mata hai ki kevala agrahAra (agravastra) yA kaTipaTTadhArI zvetAmbara muniyoM ne zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM meM ekatA sthApita karane ke prayojana se apane zvetAmbarIya siddhAntoM ko na chor3ate hue digambaraveza apanA liyA thaa| ye hI loga yApanIya khlaaye| AcArya hastImala jI ke uparyukta vacanoM se unake pUrvavacana bAdhita ho jAte haiM, jinameM unhoMne kahA hai ki yApanIyoM ke gaNa-gacchAdi digambaroM ke gaNa-gacchAdi se samAnatA rakhate haiM, isalie yApanIyoM kI utpatti digambaroM se huI thii| 6.2. saiddhAntika mela kI kalpanA ayuktisaMgata kintu zvetAmbara (agrahAra yA kaTipaTTadhArI) sAdhuoM ke dvArA zvetAmbara-siddhAnta na chor3ate hue digambaraveza apanAye jAne kA prayojana zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM meM saiddhAntika For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra01 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 495 mela karAnA thA, yaha dhAraNA buddhigamya nahIM hai| kyoMki ekAntataH acelaliMga se mokSa kI prApti mAnanevAle nirgranthasaMgha meM sacelaliMga se bhI mokSaprApti mAnanevAlI vicAradhArA ke janma ne hI nirgranthasaMgha kA vibhAjana kiyA thaa| taba nirgranthasaMgha meM usI vicAradhArA ke punaH praveza se saiddhAntika samanvaya kI kalpanA karanA yApanIyasaMgha ke pravartakoM ko zizuoM se bhI adhika bholA siddha karanA hai| digambaraveza aura zvetAmbara-siddhAntoM ke saMgama se udbhUta 'yApanIya' nAma kA yaha varNasaMkara darzana digambara-zvetAmbara-Agamaviruddha, digambara-zvetAmbara-zraddhAviruddha, antarvirodhI aura atarkasaMgata thaa| isakI savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti aura kevalibhukti kI mAnyatAe~ digambarAgamoM aura digambaroM kI zraddhA ke pratikUla thiiN| tathA ekAnta-acelamukti, ekAnta-puruSamukti, pANitalabhojitva evaM mayUrapicchigrahaNa kI mAnyatAe~ zvetAmbarAgamoM evaM zvetAmbaroM kI zraddhA ke viruddha thiiN| acelamukti ko mAnyatA dekara cela ke parigraha hone evaM saMyamavirodhI hone kA tarka bhI svIkAra kara liyA gayA thA aura sacelamukti kA niSedha na kara cela ke saMyamopakArI hone kA tarka bhI ucita ThaharA diyA gayA thaa| isa taraha yApanIyadarzana antarvirodhoM se bharA huA thaa| eka ora sacelamukti mAna lene se digambaraveza kevala Atmakleza aura nirlajjatA kA kAraNa siddha hokara raha jAtA hai, dUsarI ora acelamukti ko bhI svIkAra kara lene se vastra ke saMyamopakaraNa hone kI zvetAmbarIya mAnyatA dharAzAyI ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra yApanIyamata atarkasaMgata mAnyatAoM kA samuccaya thaa| yaha yApanIyoM ke lie bhale hI dugdha ke samAna guNakArI rahA ho, kintu zvetAmbaroM ke lie dugdha-viSa kA saMgama thA aura digambaroM ke lie viSamaya knkghtt| __ yApanIyoM ko svayaM yaha bhrama nahIM rahA hogA ki unakI ina ubhayAgama-viruddha ubhayazraddhA-viruddha, antarvirodhI evaM atarkasaMgata, varNasaMkara mAnyatAoM se prabhAvita hokara digambara aura zvetAmbara apanI mAnyatAe~ chor3a deMge aura yApanIyamata svIkAra kara leNge| ye mAnyatAe~ itanI atarkasaMgata thIM ki inake vAhaka yApanIya-sampradAya kI akAlamRtyu ho gayI aura kevala nirapavAda-acelamArgI mUla-digambaraparamparA tathA nirapavAdasacelamArgI zvetAmbaraparamparA jIvita raha skiiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye donoM paramparAe~ apane-apane siddhAntoM kI dRSTi se tarkasaMgata pratIta hotI haiN| digambaraparamparA meM vastraparigraha ko nirapavAdarUpa se mokSa meM bAdhaka mAnA gayA hai, isalie isameM kisI bhI vastradhArI ko cAhe vaha puruSa ho yA strI, mokSa ke lie sthAna nahIM hai| yaha siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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496 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 yuktisaMgata hai| isakI yuktimattA zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne bhI svIkAra kI hai| isI prakAra nirapavAda-sacelamArgI zvetAmbaraparamparA meM nagnatva ko asaMyama kA kAraNa aura vastragrahaNa ko saMyama kA upakaraNa mAna liyA gayA hai, isalie usameM nagnatva ke lie apavAdarUpa se bhI avakAza nahIM hai| ataH isa mAnyatA ke anusAra usameM strImukti bhI yuktimat siddha ho jAtI hai| kintu yApanIyamata meM vastraparigraha ko mukti meM bAdhaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai, isalie usake anusAra vastradhArI sAdhu bhI mukta ho sakate haiM, gRhastha bhI, paratIrthika bhI aura strI bhii| isake bAvajUda usameM nagnatva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yApanIya sAdhu nagna rahane aura apane ko pANitalabhojI kahane meM gaurava kA anubhava karate the| aba yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI ki jaba vastraparigraha mokSa meM bAdhaka nahIM hai aura koI bhI manuSya, cAhe vaha svatIrthika ho yA paratIrthika, strI ho yA puruSa, vastradhAraNa karate hue bhI mukta ho sakatA hai, taba nagna rahane kA kyA aucitya hai? isa prazna kA yApanIyagranthoM meM koI samAdhAna nahIM hai aura na isakA samAdhAna karanevAlI koI yukti dRSTigocara hotI hai| ataH yaha atyanta ayuktiyukta siddhAnta hai| eka ora nagnatA ko asaMyama kA kAraNa tathA vastraparigraha ko saMyama kA upakaraNa mAnanevAle zvetAmbaroM ko yApanIyoM kA nAgnya-siddhAnta ucita pratIta nahIM ho sakatA thA, dUsarI ora ekamAtra nAgnya ko hI mokSa kA mArga mAnanevAle digambaroM ko ApavAdika yA vaikalpika savastramukti, strImukti, gRhasthamukti tathA paratIrthikamukti mAnya nahIM ho sakatI thii| yaha moTI bAta yApanIyoM kI buddhi meM na utarI hogI, itanA to mUr3ha unheM nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ataH yApanIyoM ko svayaM yaha bhrama nahIM rahA hogA ki unakI mAnyatAoM ke prati digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM donoM meM AsthA paidA ho jAyegI aura ve yApanIyamata aMgIkAra kara leNge| ataH yaha mAnanA ki yaha mata digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM meM mela karAne ke liye utpanna huA thA, bahuta bar3A dhokhA khAnA hai aura dUsaroM ko dhokhe meM DAlanA hai| 6.3. lokamAnyatA-rAjamAnyatA kI prApti __ aba yaha jijJAsA aura balavatI ho jAtI hai ki jo zvetAmbarasAdhu jambUsvAmI ke bAda se hI ekamAtra sacelatA ko mokSa kA mArga mAnate A rahe hoM aura usa para ananya AsthA se cala rahe hoM tathA usa para calate hue jinheM mokSaprApti meM koI sandeha 5. "atha yadA zivabhUtinA nagnabhAvo'bhyupagatastadAnImuttarAnAmnyAH svabhaginyA vastraparidhAnamanu jnyaatm| evaM ca sati yadi strINAM muktiM prarUpayati tadA savastra-nirvastrayoravizeSApattyA svakIyanagnabhAvasya kevalaM klezataivApadyateti vicintya strINAM muktirnissiddhaa|" prvcnpriikssaa| vRtti 1/2/18 / pR. 82 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra01 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 497 utpanna na huA ho, unameM se kucha sAdhu acAnaka digambaroM ke dravyaliGga ko arthAt nagnatva, mayUrapicchI aura pANitalabhojitva ko apanA leM, isakA kyA rahasya hai? isa rahasya kA udghATana ratnanandIkRta 'bhadrabAhucarita' ke kathAnaka se hotA hai| kathAnaka kA varNana SaSTha adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| usakA sAra yaha hai ki dakSiNa meM pahu~ce hue kucha zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ne AhArAdi kI suvidhA prApta karane ke lie digambara sAdhuoM kA dravyaliGga apanAyA liyA thA, kintu apane siddhAntoM meM unhoMne koI parivartana nahIM kiyaa| siddhAntoM se ve zvetAmbara hI bane rhe| ye hI sAdhu yApanIya nAma se prasiddha hue| mAnanIya DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne bhI yahI mata vyakta kiyA hai| ratnanandI kI uparyukta yApanIyasaMghotpattikathA para TippaNI karate hue ve likhate haiM- "aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAnI nRkuladevI zvetAmbara-vicAradhArA kI rahI hoM aura una dinoM dakSiNabhArata meM zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ko vizeSa Adara evaM prasiddhi nahIM prApta thI, kyoMki yadi isa karahATaka ko Adhunika mahArASTra ke satArA jilA sthita 'kahaDi' nAmaka sthAna mAnA jAtA hai, to nizcaya hI dakSiNa bhArata meM zvetAmbara sAdhuoM kI vizeSa mAnyatA na thii| AcArya devasena aura ratnanandI ke uparyukta vivaraNoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha zvetAmbaroM ke vargabheda ke rUpa meM udbhUta huA, bhale hI Upara se unakA bAhya pariveza digambara sAdhuoM jaisA rahA ho|"6 nizcaya hI ratnanandI-kRta kathA satya kA udghATana karatI hai| dakSiNabhArata kI tatkAlIna paristhiti se isakA samarthana hotA hai| paristhiti yaha thI ki dakSiNa meM digambara-paramparA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke pahu~cane ke pUrva se hI phala-phUla rahI thii| digambara sAdhuoM ne apane nagnaveza se jJApita niHspRhavRtti aura samyak saMyama-tapaparISahajaya se kAphI lokapriyatA aura rAjamAnyatA hAsila kara lI thii| isalie ve atyanta Adara kI dRSTi se dekhe jAte the| dakSiNavAsiyoM ne sAdhutva kI parAkASThA kA anubhava kara liyA thaa| ataH sAdhutva kA usase kiMcit bhI nyUna stara unake lie zraddhAspada nahIM ho sakatA thaa| phalasvarUpa jaba zvetAmbara sAdhu dakSiNa pahu~ce, taba unake savastrarUpa ko dekhakara rAjA-prajA meM unake prati AdarabhAva utpanna nahIM huA, na unheM lokapriyatA prApta huI, na rAjamAnyatA, bhikSA kI prApti bhI duSkara pratIta hone lagI, jisase unakA vahA~ TikanA asaMbhava sA ho gyaa| isI ke phalasvarUpa prathama bAra dakSiNa pahu~ce zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ne vyAvahArikatA se kAma liyaa| unhoMne veza to digambara sAdhuoM kA dhAraNa kara liyA, kintu mana se zvetAmbara hI bane rhe| para, isase ve na to zvetAmbaroM ke lie svIkArya ho sakate the, na digambaroM ke lie| phalasvarUpa unheM eka tIsarA nayA sampradAya banAnA par3A, jo 'yApanIya' khlaayaa| 6. 'jaina sampradAya ke yApanIyasaMgha para kucha aura prkaash'| a~garejI mUlapATha ke anuvAdaka : zrI kundanalAla jaina / 'anekAnta'/ mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka / san 1975 / pR.246 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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498 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 1 muni kalyANavijaya jI ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM nagna sAdhu bar3e Adara kI dRSTi se dekhe jAte the| yaha unake nimnalikhita vaktavya se jJAta hotA hai "yadyapi zivabhUti ke sampradAya kA udbhava uttarApatha meM huA thA, para vahA~ usakA adhika pracAra nahIM ho skaa| kAraNa spaSTa hai| prAcIna sthavirasaMgha kA una dinoM vahA~ pUrNa prAbalya phailA huA thA aura mathurA ke Asa-pAsa ke 96 gA~voM meM to jainadharma rAjadharma ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA thA / isa sthiti meM zivabhUti yA unake anuyAyiyoM kA vahA~ TikanA bahuta kaThina thA / isa kaThinAI ke kAraNa usa sampradAya ne udhara se haTakara dakSiNApatha kI tarapha prayANa kiyA, jahA~ AjIvika sampradAya ke pracAra ke kAraNa pahale hI nagna sAdhuoM kI tarapha janasAdhAraNa kA sadbhAva thA / vahA~ jAne para isa sampradAya kI bhI acchI kadara huI aura dhIre-dhIre vaha pagabhara ho gayA / " (zra.bha.ma. / pR.300 ) / anyatra bhI muni jI ne likhA hai - " kundakundAcArya Adi ke ina naye siddhAntoM se isa paramparA ko kucha lAbha huA aura kucha hAni bhii| lAbha yaha huA ki aisI aikAntika acelakavRtti se dakSiNa deza meM, jahA~ pahale se hI AjIvika Adi nagnasampradAyavAloM kA mAna aura pracAra thA, inake anuyAyI gRhasthoM kI saMkhyA kAphI bar3ha gaI aura isa kAraNa sAdhusamudAya meM bhI vRddhi huI / " ( zra. bha. ma./ pR. 306 ) / yadyapi munijI ne yApanIya - sampradAya ke udaya ke pUrva dakSiNa meM AjIvika - sampradAya ke nagnamuniyoM kA astitva batalAyA hai, kintu digambara - sampradAya ke sAdhu vahA~ IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa meM vihAra karane se pUrva vidyamAna the aura bhadrabAhu ke vahA~ pahu~cane para to unakI saMkhyA aura bar3ha gaI / itihAsa isakA gavAha hai aura DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA hai / para muni jI yaha siddha karanA cAhate haiM ki digambara- sampradAya yApanIya - sampradAya ke bAda vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM utpanna huA thA, isalie unhoMne jAnabUjhakara dakSiNa meM usake pUrva digambara - sampradAya ke nagna muniyoM kA astitva na batalAkara AjIvika-sampradAya ke nagnamuniyoM kA astitva batalAyA hai| phira bhI unake kathana se isa bAta kI puSTi to hotI hI hai ki dakSiNabhArata meM nagnamuni bar3e Adara kI dRSTi se dekhe jAte the / isalie dakSiNa meM pahu~ce zvetAmbara muniyoM ko vahA~ lokamAnyatA aura rAjamAnyatA prApta nahIM huii| isI kAraNa use pAne ke lie unhoMne bhItara se zvetAmbara rahate hue bhI bAhara se digambaramuniyoM kA veza dhAraNa kara liyA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra01 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 499 ___ isa sampradAya kI jina pravRttiyoM kA ullekha DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne kiyA hai, unase bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki yApanIya-sampradAya kA udaya jIvanayApana ko suvidhAmaya banAne ke uddezya se hI huA thaa| ve likhate haiM "karnATaka ke uttarabhAga meM yApanIyoM kA jora thA, jo mukhyatayA mandiroM aura saMsthAoM se sambandhita rahate the (aura inameM neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI hI pratimAoM ke prati adhika Agraha rahatA thaa)| vizeSa mahattva kI bAta yaha dikhAI detI hai ki yApanIya sAdhu mandiroM ke prabandha-vyavasthApaka yA saMghoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa kartA ke hI rUpa meM vizeSatayA dikhAI dete haiM, jo prAyaH rAjAoM yA samAja ke anya viziSTavarga ke vyaktiyoM se anudAna meM bhUmi, bAga Adi prApta kiyA karate the| inakI kAryapaddhatiyA~ apane kSetra meM thor3I-bahuta Adhunika bhaTTArakoM kI bhA~ti pracalita thiiN|--- uparyukta vivaraNoM se yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kA janasAmAnya para koI vizeSa prabhAva na thaa| usakA sambandha to kucha viziSTa vaMzoM yA vyaktiyoM taka hI sImita thA, jinakI isa saMgha ke sAdhuoM yA AcAryoM para viziSTa zraddhA-bhakti thii|" yApanIyasaMgha kA ullekha karanevAlA abhilekha san 475-490 I0 ke kadambavaMzIya rAjA mRgezavarman kA hai| isameM yApanIyoM, nirgranthoM aura kUrcakoM kA ullekha hai| dUsarA abhilekha 497-537 I0 kA hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki mRgezavarman ke putra ne yApanIya sAdhuoM ko kucha grAma anudAna meM diye the, jinakI AmadanI se pUjA-pratiSThA ke anuSThAna kiye jAte the aura yApanIyasAdhuoM kA cAra mAha taka bharaNa-poSaNa kiyA jAtA thaa| ina abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki prAyaH apane utpattikAla se hI yApanIyasAdhu jIvanayApana ke lie rAjAoM ke dAna para Azrita the| ukta abhilekhoM se prApta sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para DaoN0 sAgaramala jI bhI likhate haiM-"isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki isa kAla taka yApanIyasaMgha ke muniyoM ke AhAra ke lie koI svatantra vyavasthA hone lagI thI aura bhikSAvRtti gauNa ho rahI thI, anyathA unake bharaNa-poSaNa hetu dAna diye jAne ke ullekha nahIM hote|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.27) I0 san 812 ke rASTrakUTa-rAjA prabhUtavarSa ke abhilekha (kra. 124 / jai.zi.saM./ mA.ca. / bhA.2) se jJAta hotA hai ki yApanIya AcArya arkakIrti ne zani ke duSprabhAva se grasita kunungila deza ke zAsaka vimalAditya kA upacAra kiyA thaa| isa para TippaNI karate hue DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kahate haiM-"IsA kI navIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM yApanIya 7. vahI / 'anekaant'| mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka san 1975 / pR. 251 / 8. vahI / pRSTha 247 / sambandhita abhilekha kra. 99 evaM 100/ jai.zi.saM./mA.ca./ bhaa.2| For Personal & Private Use Only

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500 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 AcArya na kevala maThAdhIza bana gaye the, apitu ve vaidyaka aura yantra-mantra Adi kA kArya bhI karane lage the|" (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR. 28) / ina abhilekhoM se AcArya ratnanandI kA yaha kathana vizvasanIya pratIta hotA hai ki yApanIya-sampradAya kI sthApanA karanevAle zvetAmbarasAdhuoM ne jIvana-yApana kI suvidhAe~ prApta karane ke lie hI digambaraveza dhAraNa kiyA thaa| digambaraliMga unake lie vaidyaka aura tantra-mantra ke samAna udarapoSaNa-mAtra kA sAdhana thaa| dArzanika dRSTi se ve pUrNa zvetAmbara the| isa taraha savastramukti mAnate hue bhI digambaraveza dhAraNa karane kA yApanIyasiddhAnta dArzanika dRSTi se to yuktisaMgata siddha nahIM hotA, mAtra udarapoSaNa kI vyAvahArika dRSTi hI use yuktisaMgata banAtI hai| yahA~ prazna uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki kyA yaha nahIM ho sakatA thA ki digambara sAdhuoM ne hI lokamAnyatA aura rAjamAnyatA kI prApti ke lie zvetAmbarasiddhAnta apanAkara yApanIyasaMgha kI sthApanA kI ho? uttara yaha hai ki aisA nahIM ho sakatA thA, kyoMki digambarasAdhuoM ko apane nagnaveza ke kAraNa vaise hI sarvAdhika lokamAnyatA aura rAjamAnyatA prApta thii| isake atirikta yadi dakSiNa meM zvetAmbara-siddhAntoM kA rAjA-prajA para prabhAva hotA, to yApanIyoM ko zvetAmbaraveza tyAgakara digambaraveza dhAraNa karane kI jarUrata na pdd'tii| 'yApanIya' nAma zvetAmbarasAhitya se gRhIta _ 'yApanIya' zabda ke artha se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki savastramukti mAnate hue bhI yApanIyoM ne jo nagnaveza apanAyA thA, usakA uddezya paristhitiyoM se samajhautA karanA thaa| yApanIya zabda kA vizeSa artha meM prayoga kevala bauddhasAhitya aura zvetAmbarasAhitya meM milatA hai, digambarasAhitya meM nhiiN| digambarasAhitya meM yApanIyasaMgha kA ullekha mAtra milatA hai| __bauddhasAhitya meM 'yApanIya' zabda kA artha hai 'sukhamaya sthiti', 'jIne yogya sthiti', 'anukUla sthiti' yA 'nirbAdha sthiti|' vinayapiTaka ke mahAvaggapAli meM kahA gayA "ekamantaM nisinnaM kho AyasmantaM bhaguM bhagavA etadavoca-kacci bhikkhu khamanIyaM, kacci yApanIyaM, kacci piNDakena na kilamasI ti? khamanIyaM bhagavA, yApanIyaM bhagavA, na cAhaM bhante piNDakena kilamAmI ti|" (bAlakaloNaka-gamanakathA / kosmbkkkhndhk| mahAvaggapAli / pR.584)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra01 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 501 anuvAda-"eka tarapha baiThe AyuSmAn bhRgu se bhagavAn ne pUchA-"kaho bhikSu ! saba kucha kuzala se to cala rahA hai? saba kucha sukhapUrvaka to bIta rahA hai? bhikSA milane meM koI kaThinAI to nahIM hotI?" bhRgu uttara dete haiM-"hA~ bhante! saba kucha kuzalapUrvaka, sukhapUrvaka bIta rahA hai, yApana ho rahA hai, bhikSA meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hotii|" ___isa saMvAda se spaSTa hotA hai ki khamanIya (kSamaNIya) kA artha hai 'kuzalamaya sthiti' tathA 'yApanIya' kA artha hai 'sukhamaya sthiti' yA 'jIvanayogya sthiti' arthAt anukUla yA nirbAdha sthiti| zvetAmbarAgama jJAtAdharmakathAMga (adhyayana 5-zailaka / pR. 174-175) meM bhI zuka parivrAjaka ora thAvaccAputra anagAra ke bIca aisA hI saMvAda hotA hai| zuka thAvaccAputra se pUchatA hai "jattA te bhaMte? javaNijjaM te? avvAbAhaM pi te? phAsuyaM vihAraM te?" anuvAda-"bhagavan! ApakI yAtrA cala rahI hai? ApakA yApanIya bhI hai? ApakA avyAbAdha bhI hai? aura ApakA prAsuka vihAra bhI ho rahA hai?" thAvaccAputra uttara dete haiM- "suyA! jattA vi me, javaNijjaM pi me, avvAbAhaM pi me, phAsuyavihAraM pi me|" ___ anuvAda-"he zuka! merI yAtrA bhI ho rahI hai, yApanIya bhI varta rahA hai, avyAbAdha bhI hai aura prAsuka vihAra bhI ho rahA hai|" zuka thAvaccAputra se prazna karatA hai-"se kiM taM bhaMte! javaNijje?" anuvAda-"bhagavan! ApakA yApanIya kyA hai?". thAvaccAputra kahate haiM-"suyA! javaNijje duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA - iMdiyajavaNijje ya noiMdiyajavaNijje y|" anuvAda-"zuka! yApanIya do prakAra kA hai-indriyayApanIya aura noindriyyaapniiy|" zuka pUchatA hai-"se kiM taM iMdiyajavaNijje?" anuvAda-"indriyayApanIya kyA hai?" thAvaccAputra uttara dete haiM-"jaM NaM mama soiMdiya cakkhidiya-ghANiMdiya-jibbhiMdiyaphAsiMdiyAiM niruvahayAiM vase vaTTati, se taM iNdiyjvnnijjN|" anuvAda-"zuka! merI zrotrendriya, cakSurindriya, ghrANendriya, rasanendriya aura sparzanendriya binA kisI upadrava ke vazIbhUta rahatI haiM, yahI merA indriyayApanIya hai|" For Personal & Private Use Only

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502 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 zuka pUchatA hai-"se kiM taM noiMdiyajavaNijje?" anuvAda-"noindriyayApanIya kyA hai?" thAvaccAputra uttara dete haiM-"suyA! jannaM koha-mANa-mAyA-lobhA khINA, uvasaMtA, no udayaMti, se taM noiNdiyjvnnijje|" anuvAda-"he zuka! mere krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kaSAya kSINa ho gaye hoM, upazAnta ho gaye hoM, udaya meM na A rahe hoM, yahI merA noindriyayApanIya kahalAtA hai|" isa saMvAda meM 'indriyayApanIya' kA artha yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki merI indriyA~ binA kisI upadrava ke vazIbhUta rahatI haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jIvana ke kAryoM ke nirbAdha sampanna hone ko 'yApanIya' kahate haiN| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba kArya svazaktyanurUpa hoN| ___ vyAkaraNa ke anusAra vicAra karane para yApanIya zabda isI prakAra ke artha kA vAcaka siddha hotA hai| 'yAp' 'yA' dhAtu kA preraNArthaka rUpa hai| moniyara viliyamsasaMskRta-iMgliza-DikzanarI ke anusAra isakA artha kisI ko jAne ke lie prerita karane tathA cikitsA karane ke atirikta kisI kArya ko zakya, sarala aura suvidhAmaya banAnA bhI hai| ataH isameM paristhiti (deza-kAla) ke anusAra parivartana karanA artha bhI garbhita hai| 'anIyar' pratyaya ke yoga se 'yApanIya' zabda banatA hai| taba isakA artha hotA hai zakya yA vyvhaary| zrI haribhadrasUri ne bhI AvazyakasUtra kI TIkA meM pR.46-47 para 'yApanIyayA yathAzaktiyuktayA naiSedhikyA prANAtipAta-nivRttayA tanvA zarIreNetyarthaH (yApanIya arthAt yathAzaktiyukta zarIra dvArA naiSedhikI arthAt prANAtipAtanivRtti se) isa vyAkhyA se yApanIya zabda kA 'svazaktyanurUpa' yA 'zakya' artha hI prarUpita kiyA hai| yataH 'svazaktyanurUpa pravRtti' kA vAcaka 'yApanIya' zabda zvetAmbarasAhitya meM hI milatA hai, digambarasAhitya meM nahIM, isase siddha hai ki yApanIyoM ne apane lie 'yApanIya' nAma zvetAmbarasAhitya se hI grahaNa kiyA hai| yaha bhASAgata aikya isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki zvetAmbarasaMgha hI yApanIyoM kA mUla hai| isa prakAra apane sampradAya kA 'yApanIya' nAmakaraNa kara yApanIyoM ne yaha dhvanita kiyA hai ki unake dvArA pratipAdita mokSamArga yApanIya hai arthAt sabake lie zakya yA vyavahArya hai| usameM vyakti evaM deza-kAla ke anusAra suvidhAmaya niyama apanAye jA sakate haiN| isa taraha 'yApanIya' zabda ke vyAkaraNasiddha artha se bhI yaha saMketa milatA hai ki savastramukti mAnate hue bhI yApanIyoM ne jo nagnatvarUpa dravyaliMga apanAyA thA, usakA uddezya lokamAnyatA aura rAjamAnyatA prApta kara apane For Personal & Private Use Only

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yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 503 a0 7 / pra0 1 munijIvana ko zakya aura sukha-suvidhAmaya banAnA thaa| isa prakAra zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ne hI yApanIyasaMgha kI nIMva DAlI thI / 8 boTika zivabhUti ke guru zvetAmbara boTikakathA meM spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki zivabhUti ke guru AryakRSNa sthavirakalpI sAdhu arthAt nirapavAda-sacelamArgI zvetAmbarasAdhu the| zivabhUti unase sthavirakalpa kI arthAt zvetAmbarI dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai, kintu kucha samaya bAda jinakalpa dhAraNa karane para tula jAtA hai| taba guru use samajhAte haiM ki jinakalpa kA vyuccheda ho cukA hai, aba kisI meM bhI usake AcaraNa kI kSamatA nahIM hai / kintu zivabhUti guru ke upadeza kI avahelanA kara nagna sAdhu bana jAtA hai| boTikakathA ke isa tathya ko muni kalyANavijaya jI, AcArya hastImala jI, paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, DaoN0 sAgaramala jI Adi sabhI zvetAmbara muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH jo muni evaM vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki boTika zivabhUti ne yApanIyamata calAyA thA, unakI mAnyatAnusAra bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki yApanIyamata kA pravartaka zvetAmbara sAdhu thA, ataH zvetAmbaramata se hI yApanIyamata kI utpatti huI thii| utpattisthAna : dakSiNa bhArata DaoN. sAgaramala jI kA yaha kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai ki yApanIya-sampradAya kA janma dakSiNa meM na hokara uttara meM huA thA, kyoMki yaha mata bhI boTikoM ko yApanIya mAna lene kI bhrAnti se prasUta hai / jaba yaha siddha kiyA jA cukA hai uttarabhAratIya boTika yApanIya nahIM the, taba yaha svayaM siddha ho jAtA hai ki yApanIyoM kI utpatti uttarabhArata meM nahIM huI thii| isake atirikta hariSeNa, devasena aura ratnanandI, tInoM AcAryoM ke sAhityika sAkSya kaha rahe haiM ki yApanIya - sampradAya kA janma dakSiNabhArata meM huA thA, to isake viruddha pramANa mile binA ise aprAmANika kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? zilAlekhIya pramANoM se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai| jaina zilAlekha saMgraha ( mA.caM.) ke tRtIya bhAga kI prastAvanA meM yApanIyasaMgha kA paricaya dete hue DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI ne kahA hai ki "yaha saMgha dakSiNa bhArata kI apanI dena hai|" (pR.25) / yApanIyasaMgha kA ullekha karanevAle jitane bhI zilAlekha haiM, ve saba dakSiNabhArata meM hI upalabdha hue haiM, yaha tathya yApanIyasaMgha kI dakSiNabhArata meM utpatti kA prabala pramANa hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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504 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 AdaraNIya DaoN0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye ne yApanIyoM se sambandhita abhilekhoM kA vistRta sarvekSaNa kiyA hai| unheM sAre abhilekha dakSiNabhArata meM hI upalabdha hue haiN| unakA vivaraNa unhoMne apane zodhAlekha 'jaina sampradAya ke yApanIyasaMgha para kucha aura prakAza' meM diyA hai, jisakA hindI anuvAda 'anekAnta' ke mahAvIra-nirvANavizeSAMka (vI0 ni0 saM0 2501, san 1975) meM prakAzita huA thaa| usakA pramukha aMza yahA~ uddhRta kara rahA hU~ "kadambavaMzIya mRgezavarman (475-490 I0) ne yApanIya, nigraMtha aura kUrcakoM ko anudAna diyA thA, inake guru kA nAma dAmakIrti ullikhita hai| Age mRgezavarman ke putra (497-537 I0) ne bhI kucha grAma anudAna meM die the jinakI AmadanI se pUjA-pratiSThA ke anuSThAna kie jAte the aura yApanIya sAdhuoM ke cAra mAha kA bharaNapoSaNa kiyA jAtA thaa| isameM jina guruoM ke nAmollekha haiM, ve haiM : dAmakIrti, jayakIrti, bandhusena aura kumaardtt| saMbhavataH ye cAroM hI yApanIya hoN| Age kRSNavarman ke putra devavarman (475-480 I0) ne yApanIyasaMgha ko eka grAma dAna kiyA thA, jisase mandira kI surakSA aura dainika dekhabhAla ho ske| (pR.247)| "812 I0 ke kadamba-dAnapatra meM nimna vivaraNa prApta hotA hai-'rASTrakUTa rAjA prabhUtavarSa ne kuchI (lI) AcArya ke ziSya arkakIrti dvArA saMcAlita maMdira ko svayaM dAna diyA thA, jo yApanIya-nandisaMgha, punnAgavRkSa-mUlagaNa ke zrIkIrti AcArya ke uttarAdhikArI the (bIca meM kaI AcAryoM ko chor3akara) arkakIrti ne kunungila deza ke zAsaka (gavarnara) vimalAditya kA upacAra kiyA thA, jo zanigraha ke duSprabhAva se pIr3ita thaa| nauvIM I0 ke kiraippAkkama (ciMgalapeTa, tamilanADu) lekha se dezavallabha nAmaka eka jainamaMdira kA patA calatA hai, jo yApanIyasaMgha aura kumilagaNa ke mahAvIra guru ke ziSya amalamudala guru dvArA nirmita karAyA gayA thaa|1 aura anudAnapatra meM yApanIyasaMgha ke sAdhuoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa kI bhI vyavasthA kA ullekha hai| (pR.247)| ___ "pUrvI cAlukyavaMza ke amma dvitIya ne jainamaMdira ke lie maliyapuNDI (Andhra) grAma kA anudAna diyA thaa| isa maMdira ke adhikArI yApanIyasaMgha (koTi) maDuvagaNa aura punyAruha (saMbhavataH punnAgavRkSagaNa jaisA hI) naMdIgaccha ke jinanaMdI ke praziSya aura divAkara ke ziSya zrImaMdiradeva the|12 980 I0 kA saudatti (sugaMdhavartti) kA zilAlekha 9. I.A. VI, pp. 24-27, VII, pp. 33-5. 10. E.C.XII Gubbi 61. 11. A.R.S.I.E. 1954-35, N. 22 p. 10 Delhi 1938. 12. E.I.IX No. 6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 7 / pra0 1 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 505 bhI hai, jo cAlukyavaMza ke tailapadeva se prArambha hotA hai| isameM zAMtivarma aura unakI rAnI canda kabbI kA bhI vizeSa ullekha hai| zAMtivarma ne jo jainamaMdira banavAyA thA, usake lie unhoMne bhUmidAna kiyA thA / isameM kucha sAdhuoM ke nAma die haiM, jo yApanIyasaMghakaNDUgaNa ke the| inake nAma haiM bAhubalideva (bhaTTAraka), (jinakI upamA caMdra, siMha Adi se kI hai), ravicandra svAmI, arhanandI, zubhacaMdra, siddhAntadeva, maunideva aura prabhAcaMdradeva Adi / 13 DaoN0 pI0 bI0 desAI ne hosura ( saudatti, jilA belagA~va) ke eka dUsare lekha kA vivaraNa diyA hai, jisameM yApanIyasaMgha ke kaNDUragaNa ke upadezakoM (sAdhuoM, guruoM) kA ullekha hai, jinake nAma haiM zubhacaMdra prathama, candrakIrti, zubhacaMdra dvitIya, nemicandra, kumArakIrti, prabhAcandra aura nemicandra dvitIya / 14 " patA calA hai ki belagA~va kI doDDa vasadi meM bha0 neminAtha kI pratimA hai jo kisI samaya kile ke mandira meM thii| isameM jo pIThikA - lekha hai, usase patA calatA hai ki yApanIya saMgha ke pArisayya ne 1013 I0 meM isa mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jise sAhaNAdhipati (saMbhavataH kadambazAsaka jayakezI ke daNDanAyaka) kI mAtA kattayya aura jakkavve ne kallahaviLa (gokama ke pAsa ) grAma kI bhUmi dAna meM dI thii| uparyukta vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki pArisayya sAdhu yA guru nahIM the, apitu koI sAmAnyajana the, jinake yApanIyasaMgha se ghaniSTha saMbaMdha rahe hoMge, isIlie unakA vizeSatayA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 15 1020 I0 ke raDhavag - lekha meM spaSTa likhA hai ki hUvinavAge kI bhUmi kA dAna daNDanAyaka dAsimarasa neM vikhyAta yApanIyasaMghapunnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke prasiddha upadezaka (AcArya) kumArakIrti paMDitadeva ko kiyA thA / 16 1028-29 I0 ke hosura ( dhAravADa ) lekha meM likhA hai ki posavUra ke Accha - gavuNDa ne supArI ke bAga evaM kucha ghara vasadi (mandira) ko dAna meM die the / yahA~ yApanIyasaMgha (punnAgavRkSamUla pUrA nahIM par3hA jAtA ) ke guru jayakIrti kA spaSTa ullekha hai / 17 hUli kA vivaraNa do bhAgoM meM upalabdha hai, prathama, cAlukyavaMzI Ahavamalla somezvara (1044 I0) kA, dUsarA, jagadevamalla ke lie tathA inase saMbaMdhita sAdhuoM ke lie anudAna kI vyavasthA hai / hUli ke prathama vivaraNa meM yApanIyasaMgha - punnAgavRkSamUla ke bAlacandra bhaTTArakadeva kA ullekha hai tathA dUsare meM rAmacandradeva kA vizeSa ullekha hai / 18 1045 13. Journal of the B.B.A.A.S.X 71-72, teut pp. 206-7. 14. Jainism in South India p. 165. 15. jinavijaya (kannaDa) janavarI 1931 / 16. Journal of the Bombay Historical Society iii pp. 102-200. 17. S.II XII, No. 65, Madras 1940. 18. E.I.XVIII, Also P. B. Desai, Ibidem pp. 174F. For Personal & Private Use Only

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506 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 I0 ke mugada lekha meM bhI yApanIya saMgha aura kumudigaNa kA saMdarbha milatA hai| yaha eka patra hai, jisameM bar3e acche spaSTIkaraNa aura sAdhuoM ke nAmollekha bhI haiM, jaise zrIkIrti goravaDi, prabhAzazAMka, nayavRttinAtha, ekavIra, mahAvIra, narendrakIrti, nAgavikkivRtIndra, niravadyakIrti bhaTTAraka, mAdhavendu, bAlacandra, rAmacandra, municandra, ravikIrti, kumArakIrti, dAmanandI, traividya govardhana, dAmanandI, vaDDAcArya aadi| yadyapi uparyukta nAmoM meM kucha kRtrima aura jAlI haiM, phira bhI inameM se bahuta se sAdhu bar3e vikhyAta aura jJAna tathA cAritra ke kSetra meM advitIya rUpa se atyadhika prasiddha the|9 moraba (jilA dhAravADa) vivaraNa meM yApanIyasaMgha ke jayakIrtideva ke ziSya nAgacandra ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai, nAgacandra ke ziSya kanakazakti the, jo maMtracUDAmaNi ke nAma se prasiddha the|20 tribhuvanamalla ke zAsana meM 1096 I0 ke Doni (jilA dhAravADa) vivaraNa meM yApanIyasaMgha- vRkSamUlagaNa ke municandra vidya bhaTTAraka ke ziSya cArukIrti paNDita ko upavana-dAna kA ullekha hai| isa dAnapatra ko municandra siddhAntadeva ke ziSya dAyiyayya ne lipibaddha kiyA thaa|21 dharmapurI (jilA bhira, mahArASTra) lekha meM likhA hai-"nAnA prakAra ke karoM se prApta AmadanI bhagavAn kI pUjA tathA sAdhuoM ke bharaNapoSaNa ke lie anudAnarUpa meM pohalakere ke paJcapaTTaNa, kaJcugArasa aura teluMganagarasa dvArA dI jaave| yaha anudAna yApanIyasaMgha aura vaMdIyUragaNa ke mahAvIra paNDita ke supurda kiyA gayA thA, jo vasadi ke AcArya bhI the|22 11vIM sadI ke rAmaliGga-maMdira ke kalabhAvIlekha meM pazcimI gaMgavaMza ke zivamAra kA ullekha hai| zivamAra ne kumudavADa nAmaka grAma jainamaMdira ko dAna diyA thA, jise svayaM ne nirmita karAyA thA, aura ise mailAyAnvaya kAreyagaNa (jo yApanIyasaMgha se sambandhita hai, aisA bailahoMgala vivaraNa meM likhA hai) ke guru devakIrti ke supurda kiyA thaa| inake pUrvAcAryoM meM zubhakIrti, jinacandra, nAgacandra aura guNakIrti Adi AcAryoM kA bhI ullekha hai|23 (pR.247-248)| "1108 I0 meM ballAladeva aura gaNDarAditya (kolhApura ke zilAhAravaMzIya) ke samaya meM mUlasaMgha-punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kI AryikA rAtrimatI-kanti kI ziSyA bammagavuDa ne maMdira banavAyA thA, jisake lie anudAna kA ullekha honnura-lekha meM vidyamAna hai|24 bailahoMgala (jilA belagA~va) kA lekha cAlukyavaMzIya tribhuvanamalladeva ke samaya kA 19. S,I.I. XII, No. 78, Madras 1940. 20. A.R. S.I.E. 1928-29, No. 239 p. 56. 21. S.I.I.II, iii No. 140. 22. A.R.S.I.E. 1961- 62 B 460-61. 23. I.A.XVIII P. 309, Also P.B. Desai Ibidem p. 115. 24. I.A. NII , p. 102. (jai.zi.saM. / mA.ca/ bhA.2 / le.kr.250)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra01 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 507 hai| isameM raTTavaMzIya mahAsAmanta aGka, zAntiyakka aura kUNDipradeza kA ullekha hai| yaha kisI jainamaMdira ko diyA gayA anudAna-patra hai| isameM yApanIyasaMgha mailApAnvaya kAreyagaNa ke mulabhaTTAraka aura jinadevasUri kA vizeSa rUpa se spaSTa ullekha hai|25 vikramAditya SaSTha ke zAsanakAlIna hUli (jilA belagA~va) lekha meM yApanIyasaMgha-kaNDUgaNa ke bAhubali, zubhacandra, maunideva aura mAghanandI Adi kA ullekha milatA hai|26 eksAmbi (jilA belagA~va) meM vijayAditya (zilAhAra gaNDarAditya ke putra) ke senApati kAlana (Na) dvArA nirmita neminAtha vasadi se prApta lekha dvArA jJAta hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMghapunnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke mahAmaMDalAcArya vijayakIrti ko mandira ke lie bhUmidAna kiyA gayA thaa| inakI guruparamparA nimna prakAra milatI hai : municandra, vijayakIrti, kumArakIrti aura vidya vijayakIrti aadi| raTTa kArtivIrya ne 1175 I0 meM isa mandira ke sasammAna darzana kie the|27 12vIM sadI ke madhya meM likhe gaye ArsIkere (maisUra) lekha meM jainamaMdira ko die gae anudAna kA ullekha milatA hai| isa lekha ke prAraMbhika chandoM meM se eka chanda meM maDuvagaNa yApanIya (saMgha) kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI gaI hai, mUrtipratiSThA ponnAgavRkSamUlagaNa aura saMgha (yApanIya) ke ziSya mANikazehi dvArA karAI gaI thI, pratiSThAcArya the kumArakIrti siddhAnta jo yApanIyasaMgha maDuvagaNa se sambandhita the| eka dUsare lekha meM isake dAnakartA kA nAma yApanIyasaMgha ke somayya kA hai| dUsare anya vivaraNoM kI bhA~ti isameM bhI janasAmAnya ko yApanIyasaMgha se susambaddha kiyA hai| dUsare, isa lekha ke sampAdaka kA mata hai ki isameM se yApanIya zabda ko miTA diyA gayA hai| tIsare, 'kASThAmukhapratibaddha' jaisA zabda bAda meM isameM jor3A gayA hai, para yaha saba sarvathA atizayokti hai| vaise yApanIyoM ke viruddha kucha dveSa to avazya darzAyA gayA hai, para koI paryApta pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai ki unakA kASThAmukha kI ora jhukAva ho, kyoMki 'kASThAmukhapratibaddha' zabda svayaM bAda meM jor3A gayA hai, para yaha samajha meM nahIM AtA ki isa asaMgati ko haTAne ke lie jisane kASThAmukha-pratibaddha zabda jor3A hai, usI ne yApanIya zabda ko miTAyA ho|28 12 vIM sadI ke lokapura ke (jilA belagA~va) vivaraNa meM likhA hai ki brahma (kallabhAvuNDa ke putra) ubhayasiddhAntacakravartI, yApanIyasaMgha ke kaNDUrgaNa ke sakalendu siddhAntika ke ziSya the|29 teMgali (jilA gulavarga) meM 12vIM sadI kI pratimA hai, jisake pIThikAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isakI 25. A.R.S.I.E. 1951-52 , No. 33 , p. 12. (jai.zi.saM. / bhA.jJA. / bhA.4 / le.kra. 209) / 26. E.I.XVIII , P.P. 201 F. 27. A.R. of the Mysore Arch. Deptt. 1961, pp. 48 FF. 28. Ed. S. Sattar : J. of the Karnatak University, X, 1965, 159 FE. (Kannada). 29. kannaDa zodha saMsthAna, dhAravAra 1942-48, naM. 47 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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508 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 pratiSThA yApanIyasaMgha ke vaDipura (vandipUra) gaNa ke nAgadeva siddhAntika ke ziSya brahmadeva ne karAI thii|30 12 vIM sadI I0 ke manoli (jilA belagA~va) ke lekha se vidita hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha ke guru municandradeva kI samAdhi nirmita karAI gaI thI, jo siriyAdevI dvArA saMsthApita vasadi (mandira) ke AcArya the| isI meM yApanIyasaMgha ke municandra ke ziSya pAlyakIrti ke samAdhimaraNa kA bhI ullekha hai|31 13vIM sadI I0 ke adaraguJchi (jilA dhAravADa) ke vivaraNa se yApanIyasaMgha aura kaNDUrgaNa kI ucchaMgisthita vasadi ko dI jAne vAlI bhUmi kI sImAoM kA lekhA-jokhA prApta hotA hai|32 (pR.248-249)| __13 vIM sadI ke hukeri (jilA belagA~va) vivaraNa se jo sarvathA asta-vyasta aura kaTA-phaTA hai, yApanIyasaMgha ke kisI gaNa (gaNa kA nAma miTa gayA hai) ke caikIrti kA nAmollekha milatA hai|33 (pR. 249) / "kAgavADa (jilA belagA~va) ke talaghara meM bha0 neminAtha kI eka vizAla pratimA hai, jisake pIThikA-lekha meM dharmakIrti aura gAma bammarasa ke nAmollekha haiM, isameM jo tithi aMkita hai, vaha 1394 I0 ke samakAlIna tithi hai| isa vivaraNa meM kucha vyavadhAna bhI haiM, para yApanIyasaMgha aura punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke sAdhuoM meM nemicandra (jo tuSThuvarAjyasthApanAcArya bhI kahalAte the) dharmakIrti aura nAgacandra ke nAma bhI ullekhanIya haiN|34 (pR. 249) / __ "kucha binA tithiyoM ke bhI vivaraNa upalabdha haiN| sirura (jamakhaMDi) vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki pArzvanAtha-bhaTTAraka kI pratimA kusuma-jinAlaya ke lie yApanIyasaMgha aura vRkSamUlagaNa ke kAlisehi ne bheMTa kI thii|35 garaga (jilA dhAravADa)-vivaraNa meM yApanIyasaMgha kumudigaNa ke zAMtivIradeva ke samAdhimaraNa kA spaSTa ullekha hai| eka aura naSTa hue isI taraha ke vivaraNa meM isI saMgha aura gaNa kA ullekha milatA hai|36 rAyadruga-(jilA bellArI)-vivaraNa meM nisidi ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai, jisameM ATha nAma likhe haiM, unameM se mUlasaMgha ke candrabhUti tathA yApanIyasaMgha ke candrendra, bAdayya aura tammaNNa ke nAma svAbhipreta haiN|27 (pR.250)| 30. A.R.I.E. 1960-61, No. 511 also P.B. Desai Ibidem p. 404. 31. A.R.S.I.E. 1940-41, No. 563-65, p. 245. 32. A.R.S.I.E. 1941-2, No. 3, p. 255. 33. A.R.S.I.E. 1941-42, No. 6 p. 261. 34. jinavijaya (kannar3a) belagA~va, julAI 1931 / 35. A.R.S.I.E. 1938-39, No. 98, p. 219 36. A.R.S.I.E. 1925-26, No. 5441-42, p. 76.. 37. A.R.S.I.E. 1919 No. 109, p. 12. For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra01 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 509 ___ "kucha aura lekha evaM vivaraNa haiM, jo bahuta vilamba se prakAza meM Aye haiM, unameM eka hai 1124 I0 kA seDama-lekha, jisameM maDuvagaNa ke prabhAcandra vidya kA ullekha hai| saMbhavataH yaha gaNa yApanIyasaMgha se hI saMbaMdhita ho|8 dUsarA hai 1219 I0 kA badali (jilA belagA~va)-lekha jisameM yApanIyasaMgha aura kAreyagaNa kA ullekha hai| isameM jina sAdhuoM ke nAmollekha haiM, ve haiM mAdhava bhaTTAraka, vinayadeva, ---kIrti bhaTTAraka, kanakaprabha aura shriidhr-vidydev|29 tIsare haiM 1209 aura 1257 I0 ke hnnkeri-lekh| inameM yApanIyasaMgha, mailApAnvaya, kAreyagaNa ke sandarbha milate haiN| isameM jina guruoM ke nAma aMkita haiM, ve haiM kanakaprabha (jo 'jAtarUpadhara-vikhyAtam,' kahalAte the tathA apanI nirgranthatA ke lie atiprasiddha the) aura zrIdhara (kanakaprabha pnnddit)|40 cauthA hai kolhApura ke maMgalavAra-peThavAle maMdira kI pahalI maMjila kI pIThavAlA kannaDalekha, jisameM likhA hai ki vomiyaNDa ne yaha pAThazAlA banavAI thI, jo yApanIyasaMghapunnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke vijayakIrti ke ziSya raviyaNNa kA bhAI thaa|1 pA~cavA~, jisakI pratilipi DaoN0 gururAja bhaTTa ne mujhe bhejI thI, jo varaMga (da0 ka0)-sthita pratimA se prApta huA hai, isameM kANUgaNa kA ullekha hai| zrIbhaTTa jI ne isa lekha kA gambhIratA se adhyayana kiyA hai| (pR.250)| "uparyukta yApanIyasaMgha se saMbaMdhita nAnA vivaraNoM aura lekhoM kA (5vIM sadI se 14 vIM sadI I0 taka) tithikrama se sarvekSaNa karane para saMgha ke bAre meM bahuta se sunizcita aura vistRta evaM prAmANika tathya prakAza meM Ate haiN| sarvaprathama to yApanIyajana nirgranthoM, zvetapaTa aura kUrcakoM se sarvathA bhinna the| yApanIyasaMgha kA gaNoM se vizeSa sambandha thA, jaise kumuligaNa yA kumudigaNa, (koTi) maDuvagaNa, kaNDUr yA kANUgaNa, punnAgavRkSa-mUlagaNa (jo mUlasaMgha se bhI saMbaMdhita hai), vandiyUragaNa, kAreyagaNa, nandigaccha aura mailApAnvaya aadi-aadi| isa taraha vibhinnagaNoM se sambaddhatA se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki saMgha kramazaH gaNoM ke mAdhyama se hI vikhyAta ho skaa| gaNabheda graMtha ke vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki ve karnATaka aura usake cahu~vartI kSetra meM atyadhika upayogI aura prasiddha the| --- (pR.250)| "yApanIyasaMgha kA vivaraNa jina sthAnoM se milatA hai, unase yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki isa saMgha ke sAdhuoM kA varcasva evaM prabhutva Aja ke dhAravADa, belagA~va, 38. P.B. Desai : Ibidem p. 403. 39. R.S. Panchamukh : Karnataka Inscription 1, Dharwar 1941, pp. 75-6. 40. K.G. Kundamgar : Inscription from N-Karnatak & Kolhapur State 1931. 41. jinavijaya (kannaDa belagA~va 1931) (mii-juun)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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510 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 kolhApura evaM gulavargA Adi jiloM ke kSetra meM atyadhika vipulatA se thaa|42 Andhra aura tamilanADu meM isa saMgha se saMbaMdhita jo sAmagrI prApta hai, vaha bahuta hI thor3I hai| zravaNabelagola meM yApanIyasaMgha se saMbaMdhita kucha bhI sAmagrI kA na milanA isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki isa pITha kA vikAsa yApanIya sAdhuoM ko chor3akara anya sAdhuoM ke sahayoga se huaa| karnATaka ke uttarabhAga meM hI yApanIyoM kA jora thA, jo mukhyatayA maMdiroM aura saMsthAoM se sambandhita rahate the (aura inameM neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI hI pratimAoM ke prati adhika Agraha rahatA thaa)|" (pR.250-251)|3 yApanIya sAhitya ke viSaya meM DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye likhate haiM ki "vikhyAta yApanIyoM ke dvArA nirmita sAhitya mukhyatayA dakSiNa bhArata meM hI upalabdha hotA hai|" upasaMhAra karate hue DaoN0 upAdhye ne likhA hai-"uparyukta vistRta vivaraNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata ke zilAlekhoM va vivaraNoM meM yApanIyoM kA prasaMga bahulatA se vidyamAna hai, para hameM yaha bhI dekhanA hai ki kannar3a aura usake samakakSa sAhitya meM bhI yApanIyasaMgha ke kucha saMdarbha milate haiM ki nahIM? hariSeNa kI (931-32 I0) bRhatkathA (naM. 131) meM tathA kannar3a ke 'vaDDArAdhane' meM thor3A bahuta jApulisaMgha kA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi prasaMga bar3e bhrAmaka haiM, phira bhI donoM hI graMthoM meM ardhaphAlaka, kAmbalika, zvetabhikSu aura yApanIya kA ullekha hai| 12 vIM sadI I0 ke kavi janna ke kannar3a 'anantanAthapurANa' meM kANUgaNa (2.25) ke rAmacandradeva kA ullekha hai aura vaha municandra vidya ko jAvaligeya vizeSaNa se alaMkRta karatA hai, para usakI sahI aura spaSTa vyAkhyA nahIM kara pAtA hai| sambhavataH yaha vahI municandra haiM, jinakA ullekha pArzvapaMDita (1222 I0) ne apane kannar3a 'pArzvanAtha purANa' (133) meM kiyA hai|05 mere vicAra se 'jAvaligeya' vizeSaNa unake saMgha yApanIya ke lie hI jor3A gayA hai| sabase adhika rocaka to yaha hai ki kavi janna ne jaTAsiMhanandI ko aura indranandI ko kANUgaNa kA batAyA hai, jo ki yApanIyasaMgha se ghaniSThatA se sambandhita thaa| kavi janna dvArA kI gaI vibhinna AcAryoM kI stuti se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki gaNa, gaccha Adi kI pRthaktAvAdI pravRtti ko ina kaviyoM ne nahIM mAnA thaa|"46 isa vistRta sarvekSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki yApanIyoM se sambandhita sabhI zilAlekha evaM tAmrapatralekha dakSiNa bhArata meM hI pAye gaye haiM, anyatra nhiiN| tathA yApanIyoM dvArA 42. See also P.B. Desai, Ibidem, P.P. 164 F. 43. 'anekAnta' mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka / 1975 I./ pR. 247-251 / 44. vahI / pR.252| 45. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI 1970/ pR. 160-61 / 46. 'anekaant'| mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka /1975 I./ pR. 252-253 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 7 / pra0 1 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 511 racita sAhitya bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM hI upalabdha huA hai / ye tathya isa bAta ke jvalanta pramANa haiM ki yApanIya - sampradAya kA utpattisthala dakSiNa bhArata hI hai / prAcIna itihAsa ke vidvAn zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla bhI likhate haiM- "The Yapana-Sangha flourished in the South as they prominently appear in Carnatic inscriptions."47 10 utpattikAla : pA~cavIM zatI I0 kA prathama caraNa muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI, paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne boTikamata ko yApanIyamata mAnA hai, ataH ve boTikamata ke utpattikAla vIranirvANa saMvat 609 arthAt I0 san 82 ko hI yApanIyamata kA utpattikAla mAnate haiM / kintu yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki boTikamata yApanIyamata nahIM thA, isalie yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kA utpattikAla I0 san 82 nahIM hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI Age calakara apanA mata badala diyA aura yaha nayA mata prastuta kiyA ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kI utpatti IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM uttarabhAratIya - sacelAcela-nirgrantha-sampradAya ke vibhAjana se huI thii| isa sampradAya ke astitva kI kalpanA DaoNkTara sA0 ne svayaM kI hai / (dekhiye, adhyAya 2/ pra.3/ zI. 1) / zvetAmbara sAhitya meM yApanIyasaMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha 8 vIM zatAbdI I0 ke AcArya zrI haribhadrasUri ke lalitavistarA grantha meM milatA hai / tadanantara SaDdarzanasamuccaya ke TIkAkAra guNaratna ( 14vIM zatI I0) ne apanI TIkA meM ullekha kiyA hai| ina do granthoM ke atirikta zvetAmbarasAhitya meM aura kahIM bhI yApanIya - sampradAya kA varNana nahIM miltaa| digambarasAhitya meM AcArya hariSeNa (10vIM zatI I0) ne 'bRhatkathAkoza' ke antargata bhadrabAhukathAnaka meM, devasenasUri (10vIM zatI I0) ne 'darzanasAra' meM tathA ratnanandI ( 15 vIM zatI I0) ne 'bhadrabAhucarita' meM yApanIya - sampradAya kA nirdeza kiyA hai| devasenasUri (10vIM zatI I0) ne apane 'darzanasAra' grantha meM pUrvAcAryoM dvArA racita gAthAoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| usakI 29 vIM gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki vikrama rAjA kI mRtyu ke 705 (I0 648) varSa bAda kalyANanagara meM zrIkalaza nAmaka zvetAmbaramuni 47. Quoted in his book 'History of Jaina Monachism' on page 95, by Shantaram Bhalchandra Deo. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #708
512 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra01 se yApanIyasaMgha kA udbhava huaa|8 kintu usakI eka anya prati meM vi0 saM0 705 ke sthAna para vi0 saM0 205 (I0 san 148) likhA huA hai| isa para TippaNI karate hue paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI likhate haiM "hamAre pAsa jo tIna pratiyA~ haiM, unameM se do ke pAThoM se to isakI utpatti kA samaya vi0 saM0 705 mAlUma hotA hai aura tIsarI 'ga' prati ke pATha se vi0 saM0 205 ThaharatA hai| yadyapi yaha tIsarI prati bahuta hI azuddha hai, parantu 705 se bahuta pahale yApanIyasaMgha ho cukA thA, isa kAraNa isake pATha ko ThIka mAna lene ko jI cAhatA hai| zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM haribhadra nAma ke eka bahuta prasiddha AcArya ho gaye haiN| vikrama saMvat 585 meM5deg unakA svargavAsa huA hai aura unhoMne apanI 'lalitavistarA TIkA' meM yApanIyataMtra kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki 585 se bahuta pahale yApanIyasaMgha kA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thaa| isake sivAya rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI bAmbe brAMca ke jarnala kI jilda 12 (san 1876) meM kadambavaMzI rAjAoM ke tIna dAnapatra prakAzita hue haiM, jinameM se tIsare meM azvamedhayajJa ke karAnevAle mahArAja kRSNavarmA ke putra devavarmA ke dvArA yApanIyasaMgha ke adhipati ko mandira ke lie kucha jamIna vagairaha dAna kI jAne kA ullekha hai| cerA-dAnapatroM meM bhI isI kRSNavarmA kA ullekha hai aura usakA samaya vi0 saMvat 523 ke pahale hai| ata eva aisI dazA meM yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti kA samaya AThavIM nahIM, kintu chaTThI zatAbdI ke pahale-pahale samajhanA caahie| Azcarya nahIM jo 'ga' prati kA 205 saMvat hI ThIka ho| darzanasAra kI anya do-cAra pratiyoM ke pATha dekhane se isakA nizcaya ho jaaygaa|"51 yadyapi premI jI kA yaha kathana satya hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti vi0 saM0 705 se bahuta pahale ho cukI thI, tathApi darzanasAra kI 29 vI gAthA meM 'vi0 saM0 705' pATha hI yuktiyukta pratIta hotA hai, 205 nhiiN| kyoMki darzanasAra meM vikrama kI mRtyu ke pazcAt utpanna hue saMghoM kA jisa krama se varNana hai, usI krama se unakA vikrama saMvat-varSa uttarottara bar3hatA huA nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaise 48. kallANe varaNayare sattasae paMca uttare jaade| jAvaNiyasaMghabhAvo sirikalasAdo hu sevdddo|| 29 // drshnsaar| 49. 'duNNisae paMca uttare' (vahI / pAdaTippaNI/ gAthA 29/ pRSTha 13) / 50. haribhadrasUri kA kAla svayaM zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ke anusAra 8 vIM zatAbdI I. hai| 51. darzanasAra-vivecanA / darzanasAra / pR. 38-39 / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #709
yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 513 vi0 saM0 136 vi0 saM0 526 vi0 saM0 705 vi0 saM0 753 vi0 saM0 953 vi0 saM0 1800 gAthA 45 isa uttarottara bar3hatI huI varSasaMkhyA ke krama ko dekhate hue vi0 saM0 705 ke sthAna meM vi0 saM0 205 kA nirdeza yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA / ataH vahA~ vi0 saM0 705 hI yuktiyukta siddha hotA hai / tathApi inameM se kisI bhI saMgha kA utpattikAla vizvasanIya nahIM hai, kyoMki devasena ne svayaM likhA hai ki unhoMne 'darzanasAra' grantha kI racanA mAgha zukla dazamI ke dina vi0 saM0 909 meM dhArAnagarI meM kI hai / 58 taMba usake 44 varSa bAda vi0 saM0 953 meM utpanna honevAle mAthurasaMgha kI utpatti kA kAlanirdeza vizvasanIya kaise ho sakatA hai? isI prakAra vi0 saM0 1800 ke bAda bhAvI bhillakasaMgha kA prAdurbhAva batalAnA bhI darzanasAra ke sampUrNa kAlanirdhAraNa ko avizvasanIya siddha kara detA hai| isake atirikta prastuta grantha ke 'digambara- zvetAmbara a0 7 / pra0 1 gAthA 11 gAthA 28 gAthA 29 gAthA 38 gAthA 40 zvetAmbarasaMgha 52 drAvir3asaMgha 53 yApanIyasaMgha 54 kASThAsaMgha 55 mAthurasaMgha - 56 bhillakasaMgha 57 - - - 52. chattIse varisasae vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / soraTTe valahIe uppaNNo sevaDo saMgho // 11 // darzanasAra / 53. paMcasae chavvIse vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / dakkhiNa - mahurA-jAdo dAviDasaMgho mahAmoho // 28 // darzanasAra / 54. kallANe varaNayare sattasae paMca uttare jAde / jAvaNiya- saMghabhAvo sirikalasAdo hu sevaDado // 29 // darzanasAra / 55. sattasara tevaNNe vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / NaMdiyaDe varagAme kaTTho saMgho muNeyavvo // 38 // darzanasAra / 56. tatto du-saetIde mahurAe mAhurANa guruNAho / NAmeNa rAmaseNo NippicchaM vaNNiyaM teNa // 40 // darzanasAra / 57. dakkhiNadese viMjhe pukkalae vIracaMdamuNiNAho / aTThArasatIde bhillayasaMgha parUvedi // 45 // darzanasAra / 58. puvvAyariyakayAI gAhAI saMciUNa eyattha / siridevaseNagaNiNA dhArAe saMvasaMteNa // 49 // darzanasAra / raiyo daMsaNasAro hAro bhavvANa Navasae Navae / siripAsaNAhagehe suvisuddhe mAha suddhadasamIe // 50 // darzanasAra / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #710
514 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 1 bheda kA itihAsa' nAmaka SaSTha adhyAya meM pradarzita aneka pramANoM se siddha hai ki I0 pU0 5vIM zatI (489 I0 pU0 ) meM antima anubaddha kevalI jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda mUlasaMgha meM vibhAjana hone para zvetAmbara - sampradAya kI utpatti huI thii| tatpazcAt I0 pU0 cauthI zatI (365 I0 pU0 ) meM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa se utpanna paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa mUlasaMgha meM punaH vibhAjana huA aura ardhaphAlakasampradAya kA udaya huA, jo Age calakara zvetAmbara - sampradAya meM vilIna ho gyaa| kintu 'darzanasAra' meM zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti vikrama kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa bAda batalAI gaI hai, ataH yaha bhI pramANaviruddha hai| siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne bhI aisA hI mata vyakta kiyA hai / (dekhiye, jaisA.i./pU.pI./pR.492) / niSkarSa yaha ki darzanasAra meM yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti kA kAla jo vikrama - mRtyu - saMvat 705 yA 205 batalAyA gayA hai, vaha prAmANika nahIM hai| yApanIya - sampradAya kI utpatti kaba huI thI, isake nirNaya hetu hamAre pAsa upalabdha vizvasanIya pramANa kevala abhilekha haiN| jaisA ki pUrva meM darzAyA gayA hai, yApanIyasaMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha dakSiNabhArata ke kadambavaMzIya rAjA mRgezavarmA ke tAmrapatralekha meM milatA hai / (dekhiye, adhyAya 2/ pra.6 / zI. 2) / rAjA mRgezavarmA kA rAjyakAla 470490 I0 nizcita hai| kisI naye dhArmika sampradAya ko lokamAnyatA aura rAjamAnyatA pAne ke lie adhika se adhika pacAsa varSa kA samaya paryApta hai| ataH yApanIyasaMgha kA utpattikAla ukta tAmrapatralekha ke kAla 470-490 I0 se adhika se adhika pacAsa varSa pUrva arthAt IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadi usakI utpatti isase pUrva huI hotI, to vaha isase pahale lokamAnyatA aura rAjamAnyatA prApta kara letA / taba isase pahale ke abhilekhoM athavA sAhitya meM usake nAma kA ullekha avazya hotA, jaise azoka ke sAtaveM stambhalekha (242 I0 pU0 ) meM 'nirgranthasaMgha' kA aura IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke bauddhagrantha 'apadAna' meM 'zvetavastrasaMgha ' (zvetapaTasaMgha) kA ullekha milatA hai / yataH yApanIyasaMgha kA ullekha pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 se pUrva ke kisI bhI abhilekha yA sAhitya meM nahIM milatA, ataH siddha hai ki usakI utpatti IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva nahIM huI, pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 kA prathama caraNa hI usakA utpattikAla hai / zvetAmbara - sampradAya kA udayakAla sAhityika pramANoM se jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt arthAt I0 pU0 pA~cavIM zatAbdI siddha hai tathA ekAnta - acelamArgI nirgranthasaMgha (digambarasampradAya) kA astitva jainetarasAhitya evaM purAtattva meM upalabdha pramANoM se IsA se tIna hajAra varSa pUrva se siddha hotA hai| yApanIyasaMgha ko pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 se pUrva kA siddha karanevAlA koI bhI sAhityika yA purAtAttvika pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #711
a07/pra01 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 515 hai| sva0 paNDita nAthUrAma jI premI ne tattvArthabhASya ko yApanIya kRti mAnA hai| isakA khaNDana karate hue DaoNkTara sA0 likhate haiM___ "bhASya to yApanIya-paramparA ke pUrva kA hai| bhASya tIsarI-cauthI zatI kA hai aura yApanIya-sampradAya cauthI-pA~cavIM zatI ke pazcAt hI kabhI astitva meM AyA hai|" (jai.dha.yA.saM./ pR.357)| umAsvAti ke sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya bhI DaoNkTara sA0 likhate haiM-"ve yApanIya bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki yApanIya-sampradAya kA sarvaprathama abhilekhIya pramANa bhI vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha aura IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke uttarArdha (I0 san 475) kA milatA hai|" (jai. dha. yA. s./pR.373)|| anyatra bhI unhoMne kahA hai-"tattvArthasUtra ke racanAkAla taka yApanIya utpanna hI nahIM hue the, ataH use yApanIya (grantha) bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai|" (jai. dha. yA. sa./ pR.350)| eka sthAna para unhoMne apanA mata nimnalikhita zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai-"yaha sahI hai ki IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se vastrapAtra ke prazna para vivAda prAraMbha ho gayA thA, phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki pA~cavIM zatAbdI se pUrva zvetAmbara digambara aura yApanIya jaise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM A pAye the| nirgranthasaMgha (digambara), zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha halsI ke pA~cavIM zatI ke abhilekhoM meM hI milatA hai|" (jai. dha. yA. sa. / pR. 368) / isa prakAra yApanIyasaMgha kA utpattikAla IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI kA prAraMbha hI siddha hotA hai| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne apane pUrvoddhRta vacanoM meM zvetAmbarAcArya zrI haribhadrasUri kA svargavAsa vikrama saMvat 585 meM mAnA hai, vaha samIcIna nahIM hai| DaoN0 mohanalAla jI mehatA likhate haiM-"jaina paramparA ke anusAra vikramasaMvat 585 athavA vIrasaMvat 1055 athavA I0sa0 529 meM haribhadrasUri kA dehAvasAna ho gayA thaa| isa mAnyatA ko mithyA siddha karate hue harmana jekobI likhate haiM ki I0 san 650 meM honavAle dharmakIrti ke tAttvika vicAroM se haribhadra paricita the, ataH yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki haribhadra I0 san 529 ke bAda na rahe hoN| haribhadra ke samayanirNaya kA eka prabala pramANa udyotana kA kuvalayamAlA nAmaka prAkRta grantha hai| yaha grantha zaka saMvat 700 kI antima tithi arthAt I0 san 779 ke mArca kI 21 vIM tArIkha ko pUrNa huA thaa| isa grantha kI prazasti meM udyotana ne haribhadra kA apane darzanazAstra ke guru ke For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #712
516 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 1 rUpa meM varNana rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai tathA unakA aneka granthoM ke racayitA ke kiyA hai| isa pramANa ke AdhAra para muni zrI jinavijaya jI isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate hai ki mahAn tattvajJa AcArya haribhadra aura 'kuvalayamAlA' kathA ke karttA udyotanasUri aparanAma dAkSiNyacihna donoM (kucha samaya taka to avazya hI ) samakAlIna the / ataH hama I0 san 700 se 770 arthAt vi0 saM0 757 se 827 taka haribhadrasUri kA sattAsamaya nizcita karate haiN|" (jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa / bhAga 3 / pR0 359 ) / ------ ataH paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne zrI haribhadrasUri kA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 585 meM mAnakara unake grantha 'lalitavistarA' meM 'yApanIyatantra' kA ullekha hone se jo yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti vi0 saM0 585 se bahuta pahale mAnI hai, vaha samIcIna nahIM hai| usakI utpatti vi0 saM0 585 se pahale avazya huI thI, kintu bahuta pahale nahIM, apitu 100 varSa pahale arthAt pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke prathama caraNa meM / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #713
dvitIya prakaraNa khAravela-abhilekha kI samIkSA 'yApajJApaka' kA artha 'yApanIya AcArya' nahIM IsApUrva dvitIya zatI ke samrAT khAravela ke hAthIgumphAbhilekha meM yApajavakehi yA yApajAvakehi (yApajJApakebhyaH) pada kA prayoga huA hai| yathA ___"--- sino vsiikroti| terasame ca vase supavata vijayacaka-kumArIpavate arahite (ya?) pakhINa saMsitehi kAyanisIdIyAya yApajavakehiM (yApatrAvakehiM) rAjabhitAni cinavatAni vsaa-sitaani| pUjAyarata uvAsa khAravelasirinA jIvadehasirikA prikhitaa|" (candrakAntabAlI zAstrI : khAravelaprazasti : punarmUlyAMkana / pR.16)| isa paMkti meM Aye yApaJavakehiM (yApajJApakebhyaH) zabda kA prasiddha itihAsakAra zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne 'yApanIya AcArya' artha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM "Yapa-navakas (Skt. yapa-Jnapakas) 'the teachers of yapa,' cannot be identified without reference to the history of Jainism. The Bhadrabahucarita in giving the history of Jainism immediately after the teacher Bhadrabahu, a contemporary of Candragupta, says that amongst the numerous disciples of Bhadrabahu who worshipped the bones of their master a school called Yapana-Sangha arose and that they finally decided to remain without clothes. The Yapana-Sangha flourished in the south as they prominently appear in Carnatic inscriptions. They are now extinct. Muni JINAVIJAYA is of opinion that some tenets of theirs bore affinity to the Digambara school and some of the Svetambara. In view of this opinion the Yapana school marked the stage before the great schism. Our Inscription shows that Yapa which gave the name of the School consisted of certain pious practices. --- The professors of Yapa were at the Kayya-Nishidi on the 'revered (arahite) Kumari Hill'. That his Nishidi was a Nishidi of the Arhat is proved by the next line. In this volume of the Journal (IV, 96) I drew attention to the technical meaning of the Jaina Nishidi "resting place', a 'tomb'. The Nishidi at the Kumari Hill was not an ornamental tomb, but a real stupa, for it is qualified Kayya, corporeal (i.e. having remains of the body). Thus it seems that the Jains called their stupas or chaityas Nishidis. The Jaina Stupa discovered at Mathura and the datum of the Bhadrabahu-carita saying that the desciples of Bhadrabahu worshipped For Personal & Private Use Only

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518 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 the bones of their Master, establish the fact that the Jainas (at any rate the Digambaras) observed the practice of erecting monuments on the remains of their teachers ---" by mAnanIya kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla ne yApajJApaka zabda se jo 'yApanIya-AcArya' artha grahaNa kiyA hai vaha unakI mahAn bhrAnti hai| vastutaH ve isa viSaya meM anta taka anizcaya kI sthiti meM rahe haiM, kyoMki yahA~ unhoMne yApajJApaka zabda ko yApanIyaAcAryoM kA vAcaka batalAyA hai, to eka anya Alekha meM usakA artha 'zvetAmbara muni' kiyA hai| nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA (bhAga 10/ aGka 3) meM ve likhate hai "isa lekha kI 14vIM paMkti meM likhA hai ki rAjA ne kucha jaina sAdhuoM ko rezamI kapar3e aura ujale kapar3e najara kiye-"arahayate pakhInasaMsitehi kAyanisIdIyAya yApaJavakehi rAjabhitini cinavatAni vAsAsitAni" arthAt "arghayate prakSINasaMsRtibhyaH kAyaniSIdyAM yApajJApakebhyaH rAjabhRtIzcInavastrANi vAsAMsi sitaani|" "isase yaha vidita hotA hai ki zvetavastra dhAraNa karane vAle jaina sAdhu , jo kadAcit yApajJApaka kahalAte the, khAravela ke samaya meM arthAt prAyaH 170 I0 pU0 (110 vikramAbda pUrva) bhArata meM vartamAna the, mAno zvetAmbara jaina zAkhA ke ve pUrvarUpa the| 'cIna' gilagiTa kI eka jAti ko kahate the| inheM aba zIna kahate haiN| ye sadA se rezama banAte haiN| khAravela ne kumArIparvata para, jahA~ pahale mahAvIra svAmI yA koI dUsare jina upadeza de cuke the, kyoMki usa parvata ko supavatavijayacakra (supravRttavijayacakra) kahA hai, svayaM kucha dina tapasyA, vrata upAsakarUpa se kiyA aura likhA hai ki jIva-deha kA bheda unhoMne smjhaa| isase siddha huA ki tapasyA, jIvadeha kA dArzanika vicAra Adi usI samaya se athavA usake Age se jainadharma meM calA AtA hai|" 60 itanA hI nahIM, mAnanIya jAyasavAla jI ne eka anya lekha meM 'yApajJApaka' kI jagaha pApajJApaka (pApoM ko batAnevAle arthAt pApoM se sAvadhAna karanevAle) pATha grahaNa kiyA hai| isase usake yApanIya-AcAryoM kA vAcaka hone kA AdhAra hI samApta ho jAtA hai| muni zrI puNyavijaya jI pApajJApaka zabda ke viSaya meM apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue likhate haiM 59. JBORS., Vol. IV, pp. 338-90, quoted by Shantaram Bhalchandra Deo, in his book 'History of Jain Monachism' on pages 95-96. 60. 'zrI khAravelaprazasti aura jainadharma kI prAcInatA'/ nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA / bhAga 10 / aGka 3 ('anekAnta'/ varSa 1/ kiraNa 4 / phAlguna, vIra nirvANa saM. 2456/ vi0 saMvat 1986/ pRSTha 242 se uddhRt)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 519 "mAnya vidvanmahodaya zrIyuta kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla mahAzaya ne kaliMgacakravartI mahArAja khAravela ke zilAlekha kA vAcana, chAyA aura artha Adi bar3I yogyatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| tathApi usa zilAlekha meM adyApi aise aneka sthAna haiM, jo artha kI apekSA zaMkita haiN| --- zrImAn jAyasavAla mahAzaya ne kAyanisIdIyAya yApatrAvakehi isa aMza kI kAyaniSIdyAM pApajJApakebhyaH aisI saMskRta-chAyA karake "kAyaniSIdI (stUpa) para (rahanevAloM) pApa batAne-vAloM (pApajJApakoM) ke lie," aisA jo artha kiyA hai, isake badale meM upari-nirdiSTa aMza kI chAyA aura isakA artha isa prakAra karanA adhikatara ucita hogA "chAyA-'kAyanaSedhikyA yaapniiykebhyH-yaapniiyebhyH|' "artha-(kevala mana aura vacana se hI nahIM, balki) kAya ke dvArA prANAtipAta Adi azubha kriyAoM kI nivRtti dvArA (dharma kA) nirvAha karane vAloM ke lie|"61 yahA~ muni jI ne zrI jAyasavAla dvArA kiye gaye 'pApajJApaka' jaise arthoM ko zaMkita batalAyA hai| isase sahamati vyakta karate hue 'anekAnta' ke tatkAlIna sampAdaka paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne yaha TippaNI kI hai-"artha kI apekSA hI nahIM, kintu zabdasAhitya kI apekSA bhI abhI zaMkita haiN| prakRta paMkti kA pAThAdika bhI pahale kucha prakaTa kiyA thA aura pIche se kucha, aura isalie usakI viziSTa jA~ca hone kI jarUrata hai| 'nAgarI pracAriNI' patrikA bhAga 10, aGka 3 meM 'jo kadAcit yApajJApaka kahalAte the' aisA bhI likhA hai|"62 ina do mahAnubhAvoM kI ukta TippaNiyoM se mere isa mata kI puSTi hotI hai ki 'yApajAvakehi' zabda ke viSaya meM mAnanIya jAyasavAla jI anta taka anizcaya kI sthiti meM rahe haiN| zrI kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla kA pUrvoddhRta (a~garejI lekha meM vyakta) yaha mata bhI samIcIna nahIM hai ki "bhadrabAhucarita ke ullekha ke anusAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke ziSyoM meM se kucha apane mRta guru kI asthiyoM ko pUjate the, unhoMne hI yApanIyasaMgha ko janma diyA aura antataH nagna rahane kA nirNaya kiyaa|" asthipUjA una sAdhuoM ne zurU kI thI, jinhoMne dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke samaya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha dakSiNabhArata jAne se inakAra kara diyA thA aura uttarabhArata kI durbhikSajanya vipattiyoM se vicalita hokara vastrapAtrAdi grahaNa kara liye the tathA ardhaphAlaka sAdhu kahalAne lage the| durbhikSa samApta hone ke bAda unake guru sthUlAcArya ne unase mUla nirgranthamArga (digambaramArga) 61. muni puNyavijaya jI : 'mahArAjA khAravelasiri ke zilAlekha kI 14vIM paMkti' ('anekAnta'/ varSa 1/ kiraNa 3/ mAgha, vIra ni.saM. 2456 / vikrama saM. 1986 / pR. 142) / 62. vahI / pAdaTippaNI / pR. 142 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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520 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 apanA lene ke lie kahA, taba kucha ne to apanA liyA, kintu kucha yuvA sAdhuoM ne krodha meM Akara sthUlAcArya kA daNDaprahAra se vadha kara diyaa| sthUlAcArya marakara vyantara hue aura unheM satAne lge| taba unake prakopa ko zAnta karane ke lie yuvA sAdhuoM ne kahA ki hama ApakI pUjA kiyA kareMge, Apa hama para prasanna hoN| isase vyantara zAnta ho gayA aura ve sAdhu mRtaka sthUlAcArya kI haDDiyA~ le Aye aura unameM guru kI kalpanA kara pUjane lge|63 isa taraha asthipUjA kA pracalana ardhaphAlakasampradAya ke sAdhuoM ne kiyA thA, na ki bhadrabAhu ke digambara ziSyoM ne| tathA bhadrabAhu ke ziSya to zurU se hI nagna rahate the, ataH unake dvArA yApanIyasaMgha kI sthApanA kara nagna rahane kA nirNaya kiye jAne kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| ratnanandI ne to bhadrabAhucarita meM yaha likhA hai ki karahATaka nAma ke nagara meM rAjA se satkAra pAne ke lie unakI rAnI nRkulAdevI ke prArthanA karane para zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ne vastratyAga kara nagnarUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thA, kintu siddhAnta zvetAmbaraparamparA ke hI mAnate rahe, isa prakAra zvetAmbarasAdhuoM se yApanIya-sampradAya kA janma huA thaa| (bha.bA.ca. 4/137-154) / ataH mAnanIya jAyasavAla jI ne jo yaha kahA hai ki 'bhadrabAhucarita' ke anusAra yApanIya-sampradAya kA udaya digambara-zvetAmbara-saMghabheda ke pUrva huA thA, vaha prAmANika nahIM hai| prasiddha itihAsakAra mAnanIya zAntArAma bhAlacandra deva ne jAyasavAla jI ke isa mata se asahamati prakaTa kI hai| ve likhate haiM "Inspite of this alleged identity of Yapa with the yapaniyas which JAYASWAL wants to bring out, it may be noted that neither literary nor epigraphical sources are available of such antiquity, as ascribed to the Kharavela inscription, to corroborate the existence of Yapaniyas in the second century B.C." (S.B. Deo : History of Jaina Monachism, p.96) zrI jAyasavAla jI ne Age calakara yApajAvakehi pada kA muni zrI puNyavijaya jI dvArA batalAyA artha (dharma kA nirvAha karanevAloM ke lie) svIkAra kara liyaa| 63. sthUlAcAryastataH proce naitdrshnmuttmm| kimpAkaphalavadramyamadhunAgreti duHkhdm|| mUlamArga parityajya kApathaM kalpayanti ye| bhramanti te bhavAraNye marIcAdyA yathA puraa|| duSTaizcaNDaiH ziSyamauNDaidaNDaidaNDairhato htthaat| jIrNAcAryastato kSipto garte kUTena tatra taiH|| kuziSyANAM hi zikSApi khalamaitrIva duHkhdaa| mRtvArtadhyAnataH so'pi vyantaraH smjaayt| vidvitvAvadhibodhena devo'sau puurvsmbhvm| cakAra munimanyAnAM nitarAM durupdrvm|| nItvAtivinayAcchAntiM kupitaM vyntraa'mrm| gurorasthiM samAnIya tatra saGkalpate guruH // nityamarcanti vandante loke'dyApi lapanti tm| khamaNAdihaDItyAkhyaM kSapaNAsthiprakalpanAt // yathAvidhi paristhyApya pUjitaH so'rddhphaalkaiH| parityaktaM tatastena ceSTitaM vikriyAmayam // (ratnanandI : bhadrabAhucarita / pariccheda 4 / zloka 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 7 / pra0 2 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 521 ve likhate haiM- " muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ke lekha ( ' anekAnta' pR0 142 ) se 'yApajJApaka' zabda kA artha sApha ho gayA, jisakI khoja mujhe bahuta dinoM se thii| kaI varSoM ke adhyayana se 'yApaJAvaka' pATha nizcita kiyA gayA thA, para artha kA patA nahIM lagatA thaa| maiM munijI kA bahuta anugRhIta hU~ / ( caitra zu0 11, vI0 ni0 2456) / "64 isase yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki 'yApajJApaka' zabda kA artha 'yApanIya AcArya' nahIM hai / ataH IsApUrva dvitIya zatI meM yApanIya-sampradAya ke astitva kI saMbhAvanA nirasta ho jAtI hai| 'dharmanirvAhaka' bhI nahIM, apitu dharmopadezaka kintu muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne tathA unake anusAra zrI kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla ne yApajJApaka pada se jo yApanIyaka arthAt dharma kA nirvAha karanevAlA' artha liyA hai, vaha zabdoM se pratipAdita nahIM hotaa| 'yApajJApaka' kA zAbdika artha hai 'yApa kA jJApaka' arthAt yApa kA jJAna karAnevAlA / moniyara viliyamsa kI saMskRta-iMglizaDikzanarI meM yApa zabda kA eka artha cure arthAt kisI roga kI cikitsA bhI diyA gayA hai| ataH dharma ke prakaraNa meM 'yApa' zabda kA artha 'saMsAra duHkharUpa roga kI cikitsA arthAt saMsAra se mokSa kA upAya' yuktiyukta siddha hotA hai / phalasvarUpa 'yApajJApaka' kA artha hai - mokSamArga yA dharma kA jJApaka (upadezaka ) sAdhu / 'jJApaka' zabda se 'nirvAha karanevAlA' artha pratipAdita nahIM hotA, yadi zilAlekha meM 'yApanIyaka' zabda hI hotA, to ho sakatA thaa| ataH muni puNyavijaya jI dvArA kalpita kiyA gayA 'dharma kA nirvAha karanevAlA' artha mAnya nahIM ho sakatA / 3 'yApaJavakehi' meM caturthI nahIM, tRtIyA isake atirikta 'yApaJAvakehi' kA jo 'yApajJApakoM ke lie' isa prakAra sampradAnakAraka-rUpa artha kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhI samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM tRtIyA vibhakti kA prayoga huA hai, caturthI kA nahIM / ataH vaha karaNakAraka hai / pAli aura prAkRta meM sampradAnakAraka kA bodha karAne ke lie SaSThI kA prayoga hotA hai / 65 udAharaNa isI zilAlekha meM dekhe jA sakate haiM, yathA 64. ' anekAnta ' / varSa 1 / kiraNa 6,7 / vaizAkha, jyeSTha, vIra ni. 2456 / pRSTha 352 / 65. 'caturthyAH SaSThI' (siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana 3 / 131) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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522 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 namo arahaMtAnaM (SaSThI) namo savasiddhAnaM (SaSThI) namo'rhadbhyaH (caturthI) namaH sarvasiddhebhyaH (caturthI) 'hi' yA 'hiM' pratyaya sarvatra tRtIyA vibhakti 66 (karaNakAraka) ke bahuvacana meM prayukta huA hai| jaise panatIsAhi satasahasehiM pAhi sathApitAhi hitAhi silAhi - -- - - - -- - a0 7 / pra0 2 ina udAharaNoM se siddha hai ki pakhINasaMsitehi aura yApaJavakehi bhI tRtIyAntarUpa haiM, ataH karaNakAraka haiM / unakI saMskRta - chAyA isa prakAra hogI - prakSINasaMsRtibhiH evaM yaapjnyaapkaiH| isalie unakA artha hogA - ' saMsAracakra ke vinAza meM saMlagna yApajJApakoM ke dvArA / ' paJcatriMzadbhiH zatasahasraiH (tRtIyA bahuvacana) kAraNaiH (tRtIyA) samutthApitAbhiH (tRtIyA) hRtAbhiH (tRtIyA) zilAbhiH (tRtIyA) 4 tRtIyAnta ke lie 'vastrAdidAna' artha saMgata nahIM ataH muni jI evaM jAyasavAla jI ne jo 'yApajJApakoM ke lie' yaha sampradAnakAraka - rUpa artha kiyA hai, vaha vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se sarvathA asaMgata hai| isalie rAjA ne yApajJApakoM ke lie rezamI aura zvetavastra bheMTa kiye, yaha artha bhI asaMgata hai| yahA~ to yApajJApakoM ke dvArA rezamI aura zvetavastra bheMTa kiye gaye, yaha artha nikala sakatA hai / kintu saiddhAntika dRSTi se yaha artha saMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki mokSamArga ke upadezaka sarvasaMgatyAgI muniyoM ke dvArA kisI ko vastrAdi bheMTa kiyA jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH muni jI aura jAyasavAla jI ne ' rAjabhitAni cinavatAni vasAsitAni' kA jo rAjabhRti, cInAMzuka (rezamI) tathA zvetavastra artha kiyA hai vaha bhI anupapanna hai / 66. 'bhiso hi hi~ hiM' ( vahI 3 / 7) / 67. sarvArthasiddhi / 9 / 9 / yadyapi 'niSadyA'67 (parISahavizeSa) aura 'niSIdhikA' (arhadAdi evaM munirAjoM kA samAdhi - sthAna ) 68 zabda digambara- sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha haiM, tathApi muni puNyavijaya jI ne 'kAyanisIdIyAya' pada meM 'nisIdI' zabda kA jo "niSedhanaM niSedhaH, niSedhena 68.'"NisihIo niSidhIryogivRttiryasyAM bhUmau sa niSidhI ityucyate / " vijayodayATIkA / bhagavatIArAdhanA / gAthA 'jammaNaabhi' 145 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 523 nirvRttA naiSedhikI, prAkRtazailyA chAndasatvAdvA 'naiSIdhikA' ityucyate"69 isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para niSedhaparaka artha sujhAyA hai, vaha yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| kintu kAyanisIdIyAya tRtIyAnta nahIM hai, jaisA ki muni puNyavijaya jI ne kAyanaiSedhikyA, saMskRta chAyA karake prakaTa kiyA hai| yaha caturthI yA SaSThI kA ekavacanAtmaka rUpa hai aura usakA abhiprAya hai kAya ke niSedha (kAya se mamatva ke tyAga) ke lie| ina arthoM ke sAtha sampUrNa vAkya kA artha isa prakAra ghaTita hotA hai terasame ca vase = terahaveM varSa meM, supavata-vijayacakakumArIpavate arahite = pUjya kumArIparvata para, jahA~ (jainadharma kA) vijayacakra supravRtta hai,70 pakhINasaMsitehi (prakSINasaMsRtibhiH) = saMsAra ke vinAza meM saMlagna, yApaJavakehi (yApajJApakaiH) = mokSamArga ke upadezaka muniyoM ke dvArA (rAjA ko), kAyanisIdIyAya = kAya se mamatva tyAgane ke lie, rAjamitAni = rAjocita (DhaMga se) cinavatAni (civratAni) = AtmasAdhaka jJAna evaM vratoM kA, sAsitAni (zAsitAni) = upadeza diyaa| (usa upadeza se) pUjAyaratauvAsa-khAravelasirinA (pUjAyAM ratopavAsena kSAravelena zrImatA)1 = pUjA evaM upavAsa karanevAle zrI khAravela ne, jIvadehasirikA (jIvadehazrIkatA) = jIva aura deha ke bheda ko, parikhitA (parIkSitA) = parakha liyA71 aura deha se mamatva chor3a diyaa| . lekha kI isa 14vIM paMkti meM DaoN0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ne rAjabhitini pada par3hA hai, zrI candrakAntabAlI zAstrI ne rAjabhitAni tathA DaoN0 zazikAnta jI ne 'raajbhtinaa|' merI dRSTi se rAjamitAni pada honA cAhiye, kyoMki Upara dikhalAye anusAra sampUrNa vAkya kA jo artha ghaTita hotA hai, usameM 'rAjamitAni' pada hI saMgata baiThatA hai| isI prakAra ' zrI candrakAntabAlI zAstrI ne vasAsitAni kA saMskRtapATha '( eva? ) zAsitA' kiyA hai| (pR. 16) / mujhe bhI yaha saMgata pratIta huA hai| ataH maiMne 'eva' ke avaziSTa rUpa 'va' kA ullekha na karate hue sAsitAni pada grahaNa kiyA hai| tathA zAstrI jI ne uvAsa zabda kA hindI artha upavAsa kiyA hai| (pR.16), maiMne bhI use upayukta mAnA hai| zrI candrakAntabAlI zAstrI ne bhI cinavatAni vasAsitAni kA 'rezamI aura zveta vastra' artha nahIM kiyA, apitu rAjabhRtizcIrNavatA (eva?) zAsitA aisI saMskRta chAyA 69. AvazyakasUtra / hAribhadrIya TIkA / patra 546-47 ('mahArAjA khAravelasiri ke zilAlekha kI 14 vIM pNkti'| 'anekAnta' varSa 1/ kiraNa 3/ pRSTha 143) / 70. 'supravRttavijayacakre'-candrakAntabAlI zAstrI : khAravelaprazasti : punarmUlyAMkana / pR. 16 / 71. candrakAntabAlI zAstrI : khAravelaprazasti : punarmUlyAMkana / pR. 16 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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524 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 kara 'pApajJApakoM (pApa batAne vAloM) ke lie rAjabhRtiyA~ kAyama kara dI (zAsita kara dI)' yaha artha kiyA hai|71 DaoN0 zazikAnta jI ne pUrvavartI anya vidvAnoM kA anusaraNa karate hue kucha bhinna pATha grahaNa kiye haiM, jaise 'arahate', 'yApujavakehi', 'rAjabhatinA', 'cinavatAnA', 'vasasitAnA', 'pUjAnurata-uvAsaga', 'jIvadehasiritA', 'parikhAtA' Adi tathA inakA artha pratipAdana bhI paryApta bhinna hai|72 kintu yahA~ mImAMsA kA mukhya viSaya 'yApajavakehi' yA 'yApujavakehi' pada hai| ise zazikAnta jI ne 'yApanIyoM' kA vAcaka nahIM mAnA hai| unhoMne apane niSkarSa kA pratipAdana nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kiyA hai "The yapaniya Sect formally came into existence towards the middle of the second century A.D. It was a reversion to the austere and also an effort to bridge up the gap between the Svetambar and Digambara modes and doctrines. It has, all the same, no relation to yapujavakehi in L 14 of our inscription." khAravela kA zvetAmbaratva bhI siddha nahIM yataH zilAlekha ke 'cinavatAni' Adi zabdoM se 'rezamI aura zvetavastra' artha niSpanna nahIM hotA, ataH muni zrI puNyavijaya jI Adi ne jo yaha pratipAdita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki khAravela ne zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ko vastradAna kiyA thA, ataH vaha zvetAmbara thA, vaha bhI nirasta ho jAtA hai| aura yadi zilAlekha meM vAstava meM vastradAna kA ullekha hotA, to bhI vaha zvetAmbara siddha nahIM ho sakatA thA, kyoMki eka rAjA kI haisiyata se vaha sabhI dharmoM kA sammAna karatA thA, usane zilAlekha meM svayaM likhavAyA hai-"sabapAkhaMDapUjako sabadevAyatana-saMskArakArako --- rAjA khAravelasiri" (khAravela rAjA sabhI dhArmika sampradAyoM kA sammAna aura sabhI devAyatanoM kA jIrNoddhAra karatA hai)| isIlie usane brAhmaNoM ko bhI svarNanirmita kalpavRkSa, hAthI, ghor3e, ratha, bhavana Adi dAna meM diye the, jaisA ki zilAlekha kI nimnalikhita paMkti se sUcita hotA hai "kaparukhe haya-gaja-ratha-sahayatte savayarAvAsa parivasane sa aginntthiyaa| saba gahane ca kArayituM bamhaNAne jAtiM parihAraM ddaati| arahato --- ba --- na --- giv|" 72. Shashikant : The Hathigumpha Inscription of Kharavela and The Bhabru Edict of Asoka, Appendix I, p.112 and Appendix II , p. 117. 73. vahI / pR.68 / pAdaTippaNI 2 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 525 saMskRta chAyA-'kalpavRkSAn hayagajarathAn sayaMtRn sarvagRhAvAsa parivasanAni saagnisstthi-kaani| sarvagrahaNaM ca kArayituM brAhmaNAnAM jAtiM parihAraM dadAti arhata--- va --- na--- giyA (?)' 74 isalie jisa prakAra brAhmaNoM ko dAna dene ke ullekha se rAjA khAravela brAhmaNa siddha nahIM hotA, vaise hI yadi zilAlekha meM zvetAmbara-sAdhuoM ko vastrAdidAna kA ullekha hotA, to vaha zvetAmbara-matAnuyAyI siddha nahIM ho sakatA thaa| zrI kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla ne zilAlekha ke pUrvokta 14 veM vAkya se jo yaha artha grahaNa kiyA hai ki rAjA khAravela ne zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ko rezamI aura zvetavastra dAna kiye the, usake AdhAra para muni puNyavijaya jI ne 'kAyanisIdayAya yApajavakehi' zabdoM se milate-julate zabdoM kI zvetAmbaragranthoM meM upasthiti tathA prakArAntara se digambaragranthoM meM anupasthiti batalAkara maunarUpa se yaha siddha karanA cAhA hai ki rAjA khAravela zvetAmbara thaa| isa para bAbU choTelAla jI jaina (kalakattA) ne apane eka lekha meM Apatti kI hai| usakA samAdhAna karate hue 'anekAnta' ke sampAdaka paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra likhate haiM "khAravela mahArAja ke digambara hone para bhI unake dvArA apane zvetAmbara bhAiyoM kA satkArita honA koI anokhI bAta nahIM kahA jA sakatA, khAsakara usa jamAne meM, jaba ki paraspara ke matabheda ne Ajakala jaisA koI ugrarUpa dhAraNa nahIM kiyA thA aura aisI hAlata meM jaba ki khAravela khuda eka udArahRdaya samrAT the, sarvamatoM ke prati AdarabhAva rakhate the, unhoMne brAhmaNoM taka kA satkAra kiyA hai aura ve apanI paiMtIsa lAkha prajA ko anuraMjita (prasanna) rakhane kA zilAlekha meM hI ullekha karate haiN| ataH isa satkAramAtra se, yadi vaha pATha ke Apanna na hone para ThIka bhI ho, to khAravela ke digambara hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI, jisakI kisI ko cintA karanI pdd'e|"76 zvetAmbara siddha karane kA anya kapaTa-prayAsa rAjA khAravela ko zvetAmbara siddha karane kA eka anya prayAsa bhI kiyA gayA hai, jisakA vivaraNa jAnanA atyanta rocaka hai| usakA ghaTanAkrama yathAvat prastuta kiyA 74. candrakAntabAlI zAstrI : khAravelaprazasti : punarmUlyAMkana / pR. 11 / 75. 'mahArAja khaarvel'| 'anekAnta' varSa 1/ kiraNa 5/ pRSTha 284-288 / 76. sampAdakIya pAdaTippaNI ('mahArAja khAravela' : bAbU choTelAla jI jaina, kalakattA/ 'anekAnta' varSa 1/ kiraNa 5/ pRSTha 284) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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526 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 jA rahA hai| zvetAmbara muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne Aja se 75 varSa pUrva (vIra ni0 saM0 2456 = I0 san 1930 meM) 'anekAnta' meM 'rAjA khAravela aura usakA vaMza' zIrSaka se lekha prakAzita kiyA thA, jisameM unhoMne kisI 'himavanta therAvalI' nAmaka pustaka ke AdhAra para khAravela ko cedivaMza kI jagaha ceTavaMza meM utpanna batalAkara zvetAmbara siddha karane kI ceSTA kI thii| isa para bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI jaina ne 'anekAnta' meM lekha likhakara kar3I Apatti jatalAI thI aura 'himavanta therAvalI' ko jAlI ghoSita kiyA thaa| sampAdaka paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne bAbU jI ke lekha para kaI pratikUla TippaNiyA~ kI thIM, tathApi 'himavanta therAvalI' kI prAmaNikatA ke viSaya meM unheM bhI sandeha ho gayA thA, phalasvarUpa unhoMne usakI mUla prati prApta karane kA prayatna kiyA thaa| kintu bahuta dinoM taka vaha unheM prApta na ho skii| antataH vaha zvetAmbara muni zrI jinavijaya jI ko prApta ho gaI aura unhoMne pAyA ki usameM khAravela ke vaMza Adi ke viSaya meM diyA gayA vivaraNa kalpita (jAlI) hai| isakI sUcanA unhoMne patra likhakara paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ko dii| mAnanIya kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla ne bhI isa prakAra kA samAcAra mukhtAra jI ke pAsa prakAzanArtha bhejaa| mukhtAra jI ne ina sabhI ko 'anekAnta' meM prakAzita kiyA hai| ye sabhI lekha evaM patra Age uddhRta kiye jA rahe haiM, tAki isa tathya se vartamAna pIr3hI bhI avagata ho jAya, jisase ukta 'himavanta therAvalI' ke AdhAra para koI punaH vaisA chala karake use gumarAha na kara ske| 6.1. prathama lekha (jJAtavya-isa lekha meM dI gaIM pAdaTippaNiyA~ isI lekha ke lekhaka kI tathA katipaya 'anekAnta' ke sampAdaka paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra kI haiN| pAdaTippaNI ke anta meM 'lekhaka' aura 'sampAdaka' zabda se isakA saMketa kara diyA gayA hai|) rAjA khAravela aura usakA vaMza lekhaka : zrI0 muni kalyANavijaya jI "pATaliputrIya mauryarAjya-zAkhA ko puSyamitra taka pahu~cAne ke bAda 'himavaMtatherAvalI'-kAra ne kaliMgadeza ke rAjavaMza kA varNana diyA hai| hAthIguphA ke lekha se kaliMgacakravartI khAravela kA to thor3A-bahuta paricaya vidvAnoM ko avazya milA hai, para usake vaMza aura usakI saMtati ke viSaya meM abhI taka kucha bhI prAmANika nirNaya 77. 'anekAnta' varSa 1/ kiraNa 4/ phAlguna, vIra ni0 saM0 2456 / pR. 226-229 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 527 nahIM huA thaa| hAthIguphA-lekha ke "cetavasavadhanasa' isa ullekha se koI-koI vidvAn khAravela ko 'caitravaMzIya' samajhate the, taba koI use 'cedivaMza' kA rAjA kahate the| hamAre prastuta therAvalI-kAra ne isa viSaya ko bilakula spaSTa kara diyA hai| therAvalI ke lekhAnusAra khAravela na to 'caitravaMzya' thA aura na 'cedivaMzya', kintu vaha 'ceTavaMzya', thaa| kyoMki vaha vaizAlI ke prasiddha rAjA 'ceTaka' ke putra kaliMgarAja 'zobhanarAya' kI vaMza-paramparA meM janmA thaa| "ajAtazutra ke sAtha kI lar3AI meM ceTaka ke marane para usakA putra zobhanarAya vahA~ se bhAga kara kisa prakAra kaliMgarAjA ke pAsa gayA aura vaha kaliMga kA rAjA huA ityAdi vRttAnta therAvalI ke zabdoM meM nIce likhe dete haiM, vidvAn gaNa dekheMge ki kaisI apUrva hakIkata hai| "vaizAlI kA rAjA ceTaka tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA utkRSTa zramaNopAsaka thaa| campAnagarI kA adhipati rAjA koNika, jo ki ceTaka kA bhAnajA thA (anya zvetAmbarajaina-sampradAya ke granthoM meM koNika ko ceTaka kA dohitA likhA hai) vaizAlI para car3ha AyA aura lar3AI meM ceTaka ko harA diyaa| lar3AI meM hArane ke bAda annajala kA tyAga kara rAjA ceTaka svargavAsI huaa| "ceTaka kA zobhanarAya nAma kA eka putra vahA~ (vaizAlI nagarI) se bhAgakara apane zvazura kaliMgAdhipati 'sulocana' kI zaraNa meM gyaa| sulocana ke putra nahIM thA, isaliye apane dAmAda zobhanarAya ko kaliMgadeza kA rAjyAsana dekara vaha paralokavArI huaa| __ "bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda aThAraha varSa bIte, taba zobhanarAya kA kaliMga kI rAjadhAnI kanakapura meM rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| zobhanarAya jainadharma kA upAsaka thA, vaha kaliMga deza meM tIrthasvarUpa kumAraparvata para yAtrA karake utkRSTa zrAvaka bana gayA thaa| ___ "zobhanarAya ke vaMza meM, pAMcavIM pIr3hI meM, 'caNDarAya' nAmaka rAjA huA, jo mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 149 varSa bItane para kaliMga ke rAjyAsana para baiThA thaa| "caNDarAya ke samaya meM pATaliputra nagara meM AThavA~ nandarAjA rAjya karatA thA, jo mithyAdharmI aura atilobhI thaa| vaha kaliMgadeza ko naSTa-bhraSTa karake tIrthasvarUpa kumaragiri para zreNika ke banavAye hue jinamandira ko tor3a usameM rahI huI RSabhadeva kI suvarNamayI pratimA ko uThAkara pATaliputra meM le aayaa| 78. "anya jaina zAstroM meM bhI "kaMcaNapuraM kaliMgA" ityAdi ullekhoM meM kaliMga deza kI rAjadhAnI kA nAma 'kaJcanapura' (kanakapura) hI likhA hai|" lekhaka / For Personal & Private Use Only

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528 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 "isake bAda zobhanarAya kI 8 vIM pIr3hI meM kSemarAja79 nAmaka kaliMga kA rAjA huA, vIranirvANa ke bAda 227 (do sau sattAIsa) varSa pUre hue , taba kaliMga ke rAjyAsana para kSemarAja kA abhiSeka huA aura nirvANa se 239 (do sau unatAlIsa) varSa bIte, taba magadhAdhipati azoka ne kaliMga para car3hAI kI 80 aura vahA~ ke rAjA kSemarAja ko apanI AjJA manAkara vahA~ para usane apanA gupta saMvatsara claayaa| 1 . "mahAvIra nirvANa se 275 (do sau pacahattara) varSa ke bAda kSemarAja kA putra buTTarAja 82 kaliMgadeza kA rAjA huA, buTTarAja jainadharma kA parama upAsaka thA, usane kumaragiri aura kumArIgiri nAmaka 83 do parvatoM para zramaNa aura nirgranthiyoM ke cAturmAsya karane yogya 11 gyAraha guphAyeM khudavAI thiiN| "bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ko 300 (tIna sau) varSa pUre huye taba buTTarAya kA putra bhikkhurAya kaliMga kA rAjA huaa| bhikkhurAya ke nIce likhe tIna nAma kahe jAte haiM-nirgrantha bhikSuoM kI bhakti karanevAlA hone se usakA eka nAma bhikkhurAya thaa| pUrvaparamparAgata mahAmegha nAma kA hAthI usakA vAhana hone se usakA dUsarA nAma 79. "hAthIguphAvAle khAravela ke zilAlekha meM bhI paMkti 16vIM meM 'khemarAjA sa' isa prakAra khAravela ke pUrvaja ke taura se kSemarAja kA nAmollekha kiyA hai|" lekhk| 80. "kaliMga para car3hAI karane kA jikara azoka ke zilAlekha meM bhI hai, para vahA~ para azoka ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke AThaveM varSa ke bAda kaliMgavijaya karanA likhA hai| rAjya prApti ke bAda 3 yA 4 varSa pIche azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA mAna lene para kaliMga kA yuddha azoka ke rAjya ke 12-13 veM varSa meM aayegaa| therAvalI meM azoka kI rAjyaprApti nirvANa se 209 varSa ke bAda likhI hai, arthAt 210 meM ise rAjyAdhikAra milA aura 239 meM kaliMga vijaya kiyaa| isa hisAba se kaliMga-vijayavAlI ghaTanA azoka ke rAjya ke 30 veM varSa ke anta meM AtI hai, jo ki zilAlekha se mela nahIM khaatii|" lekhk| "azoka ke guptasaMvatsara calAne kI bAta ThIka nahIM jNctii| mAlUma hotA hai, therAvalIlekhaka ne apane samaya meM pracalita gupta rAjAoM ke calAye guptasaMvat ko azoka kA calAyA huA mAna lene kA dhokhA khAyA hai| isI ullekha se isakI atiprAcInatA ke sambandha meM bhI zaMkA paidA hotI hai|" lekhk| 82. "buTTarAja kA bhI khAravela ke hAthIguphAvAle lekha meM 'vaDharAjA sa' isa prakAra kA ullekha hai|" 83. "ur3IsA prAnta meM bhuvanezvara ke nikaTa ke 'khaNDagiri' aura 'udayagiri' parvata hI vikrama kI 10 vIM tathA 11 vIM zatAbdI taka kramazaH 'kumaragiri' aura 'kumArIgiri' kahalAte the|" lekhk| 81. For Personal & Private Use Only

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yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 529 a0 7 / pra0 2 'mahAmeghavAhana' thaa| usakI rAjadhAnI samudra ke kinAre para hone se usakA tIsarA nAma 'khAravelAdhipati' thA / ' 84 " bhikSurAja atizaya parAkramI aura apanI hAthI Adi kI senA se pRthavImaNDala kA vijetA thA, usane magadha deza ke rAjA puSyamitra 85 ko parAjita karake apanI AjJA manAI, pahile nandarAjA RSabhadeva kI jisa pratimA ko uThA kara le gayA thA, use vaha pATaliputra nagara se vApisa apanI rAjadhAnI meM le gayA 86 aura kumaragiri tIrtha zreNika ke banavAye hue jina - mandira kA punaruddhAra karake Arya suhastI ke ziSya susthita- supratibuddha nAma ke sthaviroM ke hAtha se use phira pratiSThita karAkara usa meM sthApita kii| "pahile jo bAraha varSa taka duSkAla par3A thA, usameM AryamahAgiri aura AryasuhastI ke aneka ziSya zuddha AhAra na milane ke kAraNa kumaragiri nAmaka tIrtha meM anazana karake zarIra chor3a cuke the, usI duSkAla ke prabhAva se tIrthaMkaroM ke gaNadharoM dvArA prarUpita bahutere siddhAnta bhI naSTaprAya ho gaye the, yaha jAnakara bhikkhurAya ne jainasiddhAntoM kA saMgraha aura jainadharma kA vistAra karane ke vAste samprati rAjA kI taraha zramaNa nirgrantha tathA nirgranthiyoM kI eka sabhA vahIM kumArI parvata nAmaka tIrtha para ikaTThI kI, jisameM Arya mahAgiri jI kI paramparA ke balissaha, bodhiliMga, devAcArya, dharmasenAcArya, nakSatrAcArya Adika 200 (do sau ) jinakalpa kI tulanA karanevAle jinakalpI sAdhu tathA Arya susthita, Arya supratibuddha, umAsvAti, 87 zyAmAcArya prabhRti 300 (tIna sau ) sthavirakalpI nirgrantha usa sabhA meM Aye / AryA poiNI Adika 300 (tIna sau ) nirgranthI sAdhviyA~ bhI vahA~ ikaTThI huI thIM / bhikkhurAya, sIvaMda, cUrNaka, selaka Adi 700 ( sAta sau ) zramaNopAsaka aura bhikkhurAya kI strI pUrNamitrA Adi sAta sau zrAvikAyeM, ye saba usa sabhA meM upasthita the / 84. "hAthIguphAvAle lekha meM bhI 'bhikhurAjA', 'mahAmeghavAhana' aura 'khAravelasiri' ina tInoM nAmoM kA prayoga khAravela ke liye huA hai|" lekhaka / 85. " khAravela ke zilAlekha meM bhI magadha ke rAjA vRhaspatimitra ko jItane kA ullekha hai / " lekhaka / 44 86. 'nandarAjA dvArA le jAI gaI jinamUrti ko vApisa kaliMga meM le jAne kA hAthIguphA lekha meM nIce likhe anusAra spaSTa ullekha hai - " nandarAjanItaM ca kAliMgajinaM saMnivesaM gaharatanAna paDihArehi aMgamAgadha-vasuM ca neyAti ( / ) " ( hAthIguphAlekha paMkti 12vIM, bihAra-orisA jarnala, vAlyuma 4, bhAga 4) / " lekhaka / 87. "tattvArthasUtra ke karttA 'umAsvAti' bhI bhikkhurAya khAravela kI isa sabhA meM upasthita the, yaha bAta bahuta hI saMdigdha tathA Apatti ke yogya jAna par3atI hai / " sampAdaka / For Personal & Private Use Only

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530 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 "putra, pautra aura rAniyoM ke parivAra se suzobhita bhikkhurAya ne saba nirgranthoM aura nirgranthiyoM ko namaskAra karake kahA, "he mahAnubhAvo! aba Apa vardhamAna-tIrthaMkaraprarUpita jainadharma kI unnati aura vistAra karane ke liye sarvazakti se udyamavanta ho jaayN|" "bhikkhurAya ke uparyukta prastAva para sarva nirgrantha aura nirgranthiyoM ne apanI sammati prakaTa kI aura bhikSurAja se pUjita, satkRta aura sammAnita nirgrantha aura nirgranthiyA~ magadha, madhurA, vaMga, Adi dezoM meM tIrthaMkarapraNIta dharma kI unnati ke liye nikala pdd'e| "usake bAda bhikkhurAya ne kumaragiri aura kumArIgiri nAmaka parvatoM para jinapratimAoM se zobhita aneka guphAyeM khudavAIM, vahA~ jinakalpa kI tulanA karanevAle nirgrantha varSAkAla meM kumArIparvata kI guphAoM meM rahate aura jo sthavirakalpI nirgrantha hote, ve kumaraparvata kI guphAoM meM varSAkAla meM rahate, isa prakAra bhikkhurAya ne nirgranthoM ke rahane ke vAste vibhinna vyavasthA kara dI thii| "uparyukta sarva vyavasthA se kRtArtha hue bhikkhurAya ne balissaha, umAsvAti, zyAmAcAryAdika sthaviroM ko namaskAra karake jinAgamoM meM mukuTatulya dRSTivAda-aMga kA saMgraha karane ke liye prArthanA kii| "bhikkhurAya kI preraNA se pUrvokta sthavira AcAryoM ne avaziSTa dRSTivAda ko zramaNa samudAya se thor3A-thor3A ekatra kara bhojapatra, tAr3apatra aura balkala para akSaroM se lipibaddha karake bhikkhurAya ke manoratha pUrNa kiye aura isa prakAra karake ve Arya sudharma-racita dvAdazAMgI ke saMrakSaka hue| "usI prasaMga para zyAmAcArya ne nirgrantha sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke sukhabodhArtha 'pannavaNA sUtra' kI racanA kii|88 "sthavira zrI umAsvAti jI ne usI uddeza se niyukti-sahita 'tattvArthasUtra' kI racanA kii|89 "sthavira Arya balissaha ne vidyApravAdapUrva meM se 'aMgavidyA' Adi zAstroM kI racanA kii|90 88. "zyAmAcAryakRta 'pannavaNA' sUtra aba taka vidyamAna hai|" lekhk| 89. "umAsvAtikRta 'tattvArthasUtra' aura isakA svopajJa 'bhASya' abhI taka vidyamAna haiN| yahA~ para ullikhita 'niyukti' zabda saMbhavataH isa bhASya ke hI artha meM prayukta huA jAna par3atA hai|" lekhk| 90. "aMgavidyA prakIrNaka bhI hAla taka maujUda hai| koI 9000 (nau hajAra) zloka pramANa kA yaha prAkRta gadya-padya meM likhA huA 'sAmudrika vidyA' kA grantha hai|" lekhk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 531 "isa prakAra jinazAsana kI unnati karanevAlA bhikkhurAya anekavidha dharmakArya karake mahAvIra nirvANa se 330 (tIna sau tIsa) varSoM ke bAda svargavAsI huaa| "bhikkhurAya ke bAda usakA putra 'vakrarAya' kaliMga kA adhipati huaa|11 vakrarAya bhI jainadharma kA anuyAyI aura unnati karanevAlA thaa| dharmArAdhana aura samAdhi ke sAtha yaha vIra nirvANa se 362 (tIna sau bAsaTha) varSa ke bAda svargavAsI huaa| vakrarAya ke bAda usakA putra 'viduharAya' kaliMga deza kA adhipati huaa|r "vidaharAya ne bhI ekAgracitta se jainadharma kI ArAdhanA kii| nirgrantha-samUha se prazaMsita yaha rAjA mahAvIranirvANa se 395 (tIna sai paMcAnave) varSa ke bAda svargavAsI huaa|"93 (lekha samApta) 6.2. dvitIya lekha (jJAtavya-isa lekha meM dI gayIM pAdaTippaNiyA~ isI lekha ke lekhaka kI tathA katipaya 'anekAnta' ke sampAdaka paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra kI haiN| pAdaTippaNI ke anta meM 'lekhaka' aura 'sampAdaka' zabda se isakA saMketa kara diyA gayA hai|) rAjA khAravela aura usakA vaMza lekhaka : zrI. bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI "anekAnta' kI 4 thI kiraNa (pRSTha 226-229) meM ukta zIrSaka ke nIce muni kalyANavijaya jI (zve0) ne rAjA khAravela ke vaMza kA kucha paricaya karAyA hai| 91. "kaliMga deza ke udayagiri parvata kI mAnikapura guphA ke eka dvAra para khudA huA 'vakradeva' ke nAma kA zilAlekha milA hai, jo isI 'vakrarAya' kA hai| lekha nIce diyA jAtA hai-"verasa mahArAjasa kaliMgAdhipatino mahAmeghavAhana 'vakadepasiri' no leNaM" (muni jina vijayasaMpAdita prAcIna jainalekhasaMgraha / bhA.1/ p.49)|" lekhk| 92. "udayagiri kI maJcapurI guphA ke sAtaveM kamare meM 'vidurAya' ke nAma kA eka choTA lekha hai, usameM likhA hai ki yaha 'layana' (guphA) kumAra vidurAva kA hai| lekha ke mUla zabda nIce diye jAte haiM-'kumAra vaduravasa lena' (epigrAphikA iMDikA jilda 13) / " lekhk| 93. "kucha mahInoM pahile 'himavaMta therAvalI' nAmaka eka prAkRta-bhASAmayI prAcIna sthavirAvalI kA gujarAtI anuvAda mere dekhane meM AyA thA, jisakA paricaya maiMne apane (aprakAzita) nibandha 'vIra saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA' ke anta meM pariziSTa ke taura para diyA hai, usI pariziSTa meM 'rAjA khAravela aura usakA vaMza' yaha eka prakaraNa hai|" lekhk| 94. 'anekaant'| varSa 1/kiraNa 5 / caitra, vIra ni.saM.2456/ pR. 297-301 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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532 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 usameM mAnya lekhaka ne hAthIguphA ke lekha meM Aye hue 'cetavasavadhanasa' (aba isa vAkya ko mi0 jAyasavAla ne 'cetirAjavasavadhanena' par3hA hai aura unheM 'ceti' athavA 'cedi' vaMzaja batAyA hai) vAkya se jo vidvAna unheM 'caitra' athavA 'cedi'-vaMzaja batalAte haiM, unase ahasamatatA prakaTa kI hai, kyoMki muni jI ko kahIM se eka 'himavaMtatherAvalI' nAmaka zvetAmbara-paTTAvalI mila gaI hai aura usa meM rAjA khAravela ko licchivisaMgha ke rASTrapati rAjA ceTaka kA vaMzaja pragaTa kiyA hai| isa therAvalI kI prAmANikatA aura prAcInatA ke viSaya meM na to muni jI ne hI kucha likhA hai aura na saMpAdaka mahodaya ne hI kacha chAnabIna kI hai|5 isa sAhityika DAkejanI ke jamAne meM isa prakAra eka zilAlekha kI saba bAtoM se mela khAnevAle sAhitya kA yakAyaka nikala AnA, kucha a Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| so bhI usa dazA meM jaba ki zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM meM pavitra tIrthoM ke nAma para jhagar3e cala rahe haiM aura zvetAmbara-sampradAya kI ora se pahale bhI jAlI dastAvejeM peza kI jA cukI haiM, jaise ki zikharajI-kesa ke 'jajamenTa' se prakaTa hai|96 ata eva ukta therAvalI ke paricaya ko bilakula gupta rakhate hue usakI kucha bAtoM ko binA koI vizeSa zodha-parizodha kiye hI ekadama prakaTa kara denA kucha ThIka nahIM jNctaa| vaha therAvalI kisa AcArya ne kisa jamAne meM likhI, usakI pratiyA~ kahA~-kahA~ kisa rUpa meM milatI haiM aura grantha ke jAlI na hone meM koI sandeha to nahIM, ye saba bAteM jaba taka prakaTa na hoM, taba taka isa therAvalI para vizvAsa kiyA jAnA kaThina hai| nimna bAtoM ko dekhate huye to yaha therAvalI jAlI pratIta hotI hai athavA usa para jAlI hone kA bahuta bar3A sandeha paidA hotA hai "1. therAvalI meM rAjA ceTaka ke vaMza kA jo paricaya diyA hai, vaha anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| kama se kama digambarajaina-zAstroM meM usakA ullekha nahIM hai aura jahA~ taka mujhe zvetAmbarazAstroM kA paricaya hai, maiM kahane ko bAdhya hU~ ki unameM bhI aisA varNana zAyada hI mile| 25. "chAnabIna cala rahI hai| natIjA nikalane para prakaTa kiyA jaaygaa| abhI taka mUla grantha yA usakA anuvAda bhI prApta nahIM ho skaa|" smpaadk| 96. "They (Fermans) will appear to be matlabi on the face of them and to have been got up for the purpose of disputes... ( P.H.Judg.. p.32 )" lekhk| 97. "eka vidvAn ko jo bAteM jisa rUpa meM kahIM se prApta hoM, unheM usa rUpa meM vizeSa anasaMdhAna ko uttejana dene ke liye prakaTa kara denA to kucha Apatti ke yogya mAlUma nahIM hotaa| vizeSa jA~ca-par3atAla adhika samaya tathA sAdhanA-sAmagrI kI apekSA rakhatI hai aura vaha prAyaH bAda ko aneka vidvAnoM ke sahayoga se ho pAtI hai|" smpaadk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 533 "2. therAvalI kA jo aMza prakaTa huA hai, usase mAlUma hotA hai ki usameM tatkAlIna bhArata ke anya rAjyoM kA bhI pUrNa varNana hogaa| yadi yaha bAta hai, to binA kisI adhika vilamba ke ukta therAvalI ko pUrNataH prakaTa karanA caahie| phira bhI jo aMza prakaTa huA hai usakA sAmaJjasya kevala jainazAstroM se hI ThIka nahIM baiThatA, balki jainetara sAhitya se bhI vaha bAdhita hai, jaisA ki Age cala kara prakaTa hogaa| aura yadi usameM ukta rAjavaMza ke varNana ke atirikta anya kisI rAjavaMza kA varNana nahIM hai, to use sahasA svIkAra kara lenA sugama nahIM hai| "3. rAjA ceTaka ke nAma kI apekSA kisI 'ceTa' vaMza kA astitva isase pahale ke kisI sAhityagraMtha yA zilAlekha se pragaTa nahIM hai| aura ceTaka kA vaMza 'licchivi' prasiddha thA, jo uttara bhArata meM guptakAla taka vidyamAna rahA, yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hai| guptavaMzIya candragupta prathama kA vivAha licchivi-vaMzIya kumAradevI se huA thaa| kauTilya ne samrATa candragupta maurya ke jamAne taka licchivi-vaMzajoM ko uttara bhArata meM rAjyAdhikArI likhA hai|99 aura itihAsa se yaha patA calatA hai ki ajAtazatru ke dvArA parAsta kiye jAne para bhI licchivi apane rAjasaMgha ke astitva ko banAye rakha sake the|10deg isake sAtha hI itihAsa aura svayaM zvetAmbara-granthoM se yaha siddha hai ki ceTaka koI paramparAgata rAjA nahIM thaa|00 videhadeza meM taba sAmrAjyavAda ke sthAna para eka prakAra kA prajAtaMtravAda pracalita thaa| ceTaka usa rASTra ke rASTrapati niyukta the|100 ataH yaha hAra unakI nijI na hokara rASTra kI thI aura rASTra kA pratyeka pratinidhi taba 'rAjA' kahalAtA thA, yaha bAta bhI spaSTa hai| isa hAlata meM ceTaka ke putra kA bhAga kara kaliMga pahu~canA aura vahA~ para nayA rAjya aura vaMza sthApita karanA bAdhita hai| zvetAmbarIya zAstra 'niryAvalI' aura 'bhagavatI sUtra' meM ajAtazatru aura ceTaka kI ukta lar3AI kA varNana hai| usameM sApha likhA hai ki 'ceTaka ne isa Apatti ko AyA jAna kara nau mallika, nau licchivi aura 48 kAzI-kauzala ke gaNarAjoM (gaNarAyAloM) ko taiyAra kiyaa| 101 isase spaSTa hai ki ina gaNarAjoM kA netRtva rAjA ceTaka grahaNa kiye hue the| 98. bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza / bhA.2 / pR. 242 / 99. "licchivika-vRjika-mallaka-madraka-kukura-kuru-pAJcAlAdayo-rAjazabdopajIvinaH saMghAH" iti kauttilyH| 100. sama kSatrI klainsa ina ainziyenTa iNDiyA / pR. 135-136 / / 101. bhagavatI 7-9 / iNDiyana ainTIkverI / bhA.21/ pR.21 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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534 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 2 "4. ceTaka kA licchivi vaMza pahale se hI bahuta prakhyAta thA aura usa samaya anya kSatriya loga unase vivAha sambandha karane meM apanA aho - bhAgya samajhate the / 102 isa dazA meM yadi zobhanarAya bhAga kara kaliMga gayA hotA, to usane apane isa sarvamAnya vaMza kA nAma kadApi na palaTA hotA aura use apane usa pitA ke nAma meM parivartita na kiyA hotA, jo koI bahAdurI na dikhA kara ulaTA magadharAja ke hAtha apanA rAjya ga~vA baiThA thA / "pa digambara jainazAstra 'uttarapurANa' meM rAjA ceTaka ke dasa putra batalAye haiM aura unake nAma ye diye haiM- dhanadatta, dhanabhadra, upendra, sudattavAk, siMhabhadra sukuMbhoja, akaMpana, supataMga, prabhaMjana aura prabhAsa (pR. 634) / isameM zobhanarAya nAmaka koI putra nahIM hai| "6. digambarajainagrantha 'harivaMzapurANa' se prakaTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM kaliMga kA rAjA jitazatru thA, 103 sulocana nahIM thA / ataH anya zvetAmbara aura jainetara sAhitya se isa 'sulocana' kA astitva jaba taka pramANita na ho jAya, taba taka usako tatkAlIna kaliMgAdhipati svIkAra karanA kaThina hai| " 7. uparyukta prakAra se isa therAvalI ke prakaTa aMza ke prAraMbhika bhAga kI anaitihAsikatA ko dekhate huye, usameM kSemarAja, buTTarAja, kumArIgiri Adi aitihAsika puruSoM tathA vArtA kA ullekha milanA, usake saMdigdha rUpa ko asaMdigdha nahIM banA detaa| kyA yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki khAravela ke ati prAcIna zilAlekha ko zvetAmbara sAhitya se poSaNa dilA kara use zvetAmbarIya prakaTa karane ke lie hI kisI ne isa therAvalI kI racanA kara DAlI ho aura vahI racanA kisI zAstrabhaNDAra se ukta munijI ko mila gaI ho ? 104. isa bAta ko saMbhavanIya hama isa kAraNa aura mAnate haiM ki isameM zilAlekha ke pichale rUpa ke anusAra kaI ullekha haiM, paraMtu aba vidvAnoM ne una aMzoM ko dUsare rUpa meM par3hA hai / 105 jaise ki therAvalI meM 'khAravelAdhipati' nAma mAtra eka upAdhi rUpa meM hai, paraMtu aba vaha khAsa nAma prakaTa huA hai / 106 zilAlekha meM khAravela ne eka vRhaspatimitra rAjA ko parAsta kiyA likhA hai| isa vRhaspatimitra ko hI 102. bhagavAna mahAvIra / pR. 57 / 103. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha / pR. 43 / 104. "muni jI ko abhI taka mUla grantha kI prApti nahIM huii| unhoMne usake gujarAtI anuvAda para se hI vaha lekha likhA hai, jisakI sUcanA lekha ke antima phuTanoTa meM pAI jAtI hai, aura apane 19 pharavarI ke patra meM ve mujhe bhI likha rahe haiN| vaha anuvAda 'aMcalagacchanI mhoTI paTTAvalI' meM chapA hai / " sampAdaka / 105. "unakA vaha hAla kA par3hanA hI ThIka hai, yaha abhI kaise mAna liyA jAya?" sampAdaka / 106. JBORS. IV, p. 434. For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 535 mi0 jAyasavAla puSyamitra mAnate haiN|107 therAvalI meM spaSTataH puSyamitra kA nAmollekha kara diyA gayA hai| kintu aba vidvAn vRhaspatimitra ko puSyamitra mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM haiN|108 isI prakAra dRSTivAda aMga ke punarutthAna kiye jAne kI bAta bhI aba asaMgata hai, kyoMki koI-koI vidvAn use vipAkasUtra grantha batalAte haiM, jo digambaramatAnusAra vilupta hai aura zvetAmbaroM meM milatA hai|09 ___8. therAvalI dvArA prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ki kumAragiri para khAravela ne Arya susthita aura supratibuddha nAmaka sthaviroM ke hAtha se jinamandira kA punaruddhAra karAke pratiSThA karAI aura usameM jina kI mUrti sthApita kraaii| sAtha hI, vIra nirvANa se 330 varSoM ke bAda ye saba kArya karake khAravela ko svargavAsI huA likhA hai| kintu zvetAmbarIya tapAgaccha kI 'vRddha paTTAvalI' se yaha bAta bAdhita hai| usake anusAra ukta sthaviradvaya kA samaya vIra nirvANa se 372 varSa bAda kA hai|10 isa hAlata meM khAravela kA unase sAkSAt honA kaThina hai|11 ataH ho sakatA hai ki yaha bAta mAtra isa garja se likhI gaI ho ki ukta tIrtha ko kisI samaya zvetAmbaroM kA siddha kiyA jA ske| "9. isI prakAra khAravela dvArA ekatra kI gaI sabhA meM devAcArya, buddhiliMgAcArya, dharmasenAcArya tathA nakSatrAcArya kA sammilita honA bhI asaMbhava hai, kyoMki ye AcArya koI zvetAmbarAcArya to the nahIM, zve0 paTTAvalI meM to ye nAma dekhane ko bhI nahIM milte| hA~, digambara paTTAvalI meM ye nAma avazya pAye jAte haiN| kintu yahA~ ye saba AcArya samakAlIna prakaTa nahIM kiye gaye haiN| inakA samaya eka dUsare se nitAnta bhinna hai| dharmasenAcArya vIra ni0 saM0 329 aura nakSatrAcArya 345 meM hue batalAye gaye haiN|12 ataH ukta therAvalI ke anusAra digambarAcArya dharmasenAcArya hI kevala usa sabhA meM upasthita hue kahe jA sakate haiN|13 ina saba AcAryoM ko therAvalI bhI digambara 107. Ibid. p. 442. 108. Indian Historical Quarterly , Vol. V, p. 587-613. 109. Ibid. p. 592. 110. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka / bhAga 1/ pariziSTa pr.9| 111. "bhale hI kaThina jAna par3e, kintu asaMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki ukta 372 varSa kA samaya susthita- sUri ke svargArohaNa kA samaya hai| usase 50-60 varSa pahale unakA maujUda honA koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| unake guru suhastI kI Ayu to paTTAvalI meM hI 100 varSa kI likhI hai|" smpaadk| 112. Indian Antiquary, XX, pp. 345-346. 113. "yaha saba nirNaya ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki ina AcAryoM ke dazapUrvAdi ke pAThI hone kA samaya bhinna hone para bhI inakA samakAlIna honA koI bAdhaka mAlUma nahIM hotaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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536 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 2 (jinakalpI) prakaTa karatI hai| rahI bAta savastra sAdhuoM kI, so therAvalI meM susthita, supratibuddha, umAsvAti va zyAmAcArya prabhRti batAe haiN| inameM se pahale do isa sabhA meM zAmila nahIM ho sakate, yaha hama dekha cuke (!) / rahe zeSa do, so ye bhI ukta sabhA meM nahIM pahu~ca sakate, kyoMki umAsvAti isa ghaTanA ke kaI zatAbdI bAda hue haiM aura zyAmAcArya unase bhI pIche ke AcArya mAlUma hote haiM / ataH therAvalI kA yaha vaktavya prAmANika nahIM hai| " ina saba bAtoM ko dekhate hue 'himavaMta - therAvalI' ko eka prAmANika grantha mAna lenA satya kA khUna karanA hai aura isa hAlata meM usameM batAyA huA khAravela kA vaMzaparicaya bhI ThIka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ataH Aie pAThakagaNa, aba svAdhInarUpa meM 114 khAravelasiri ke vaMza kA paricaya prApta kareM / " sabase pahale hAthIguphAvAle unake zilAlekha ko liijie| usameM sApha taura se unheM 'airena mahArAjena mahAmeghavAhanena cetirAjavasavadhanenA' - - - kali (G) ga adhipatinA siri khAravelena' likhA hai| isameM prayukta hue 'airena' zabda kA bhAva 'ailavaMzaja' ke rUpa meM aura 'aira' (Arya) rUpa meM bhI liyA jAtA hai| 115 inakA ailavaMzaja honA na kevala hindUpurANoM se hI siddha hai, balki digambara jaina harivaMzapurANa ke kathana se bhI pramANita hai / 116 hindUpurANoM ke anusAra I0 pU0 213 ke bAda jina rAjavaMzoM kA varNana hai, unameM se eka kA varNana nimna prakAra hai- 117 yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ukta jJAna kI prApti se pahale ve muni yA AcAryAdi kucha nahIM the| buddhiliMga ko dazapUrvajJAna kI prApti vIranirvANa se 295 varSa bAda huI aura 20 varSa taka rahI batalAI gaI hai| unake bAda devAcArya ko yaha siddhi huii| aura khAravela kI rAjyaprApti therAvalikAra ne vIranirvANa se 300 varSa bAda likhI hai| isase khAravela kI sabhA meM ina donoM AcAryoM kI upasthiti bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatI aura nakSatrAcArya bhI ekAdazAMga jJAna kI prApti se pahale usa sabhA meM sammilita ho sakate haiN| lekhaka mahAzaya ne yoM hI binA acchI taraha se vicAra kiye, unake samaya ko nitAnta bhinna batalAte hue, unake sammilita hone ko asaMbhava ThaharAyA hai / " sampAdaka / 114. "yahA~ 'svAdhIna' zabda kA prayoga bar3A hI beDhaba jAna par3atA hai| jisa paricaya ke liye lekhaka mahAzaya khuda zilAlekha ke Adhunika rIDiMga, usake arthoM, purANoM aura dUsare vidvAnoM ke vacanoM kA sahArA le rahe haiM, use pAThakoM ko svAdhInarUpa meM prApta karAnA cAhate haiM, yaha eka bar3I hI vicitra bAta hai / " sampAdaka / 115. JBORS, IV, 1434-435. 116. Ibid., XVIII, 277-279. 117. Ibid, VI, 480-482. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #733
a0 7 / pra0 2 1. yaha kauzala (dakSiNa kauzala) kA rAjavaMza thA / 2. yaha sAdhAraNataH 'megha' (Meghas) ( meghA iti samAkhyAtA :) nAma se vikhyAta thaa| yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 537 3. yaha vizeSa zaktivAlA aura vidvAn thA, aura 4. isake kula nau rAjA the / " isa vaMza kA megha nAma khAravela kI meghavAhana upAdhi kA dyotaka hai, yaha mi0 jAyasavAla prakaTa karate haiN| isakA samarthana eka prAcIna ur3iyA kAvya se hotA hai, jo 'iMDiyana myUjiyama' meM maujUda hai| usameM likhA hai ki 'kaliMga ko magadha ke nanda rAjAoM ne jIta liyA thA, kintu bAda ko aira rAjA ne naMda rAjA ko harA kara usakA uddhAra kiyaa| yaha nanda kaTTara vaidika - dharmAvalambI thA, kintu aira pAkhaNDI thA / aira kA virodha azoka se bhI vizeSa thaa| pahale aira kI rAjadhAnI dakSiNa kauzala kI kauzalA nagarI thI, bAda ko unhoMne apanI rAjadhAnI khaNDagiri para banAI / 118 isa ullekha se bhI khAravela ke pUrvajoM kA dakSiNa kauzala se AnA siddha hotA hai / aura yaha bAta hindU-purANoM ke uparyukta ullekha ke anukUla hai| isake atirikta aira artha ko puSTa karanevAlA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| hA~, jaina harivaMzapurANa se uttara kauzala ke harivaMzIya rAjA dakSa ke dvArA khAravela kA ailavaMzaja honA prakaTa hai aura yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki unake vaMzaja uttara se Akara dakSiNa kI ora vindhyAcala parvata ke pRSTha bhAga meM cedirASTra banA kara vahA~ zAsana karane lage the| vaha kathA isa prakAra hai " harivaMzIya rAjA dakSa kA eka aileya nAma kA putra aura manoharI nAma kI sundara kanyA thI / dakSa manoharI para Asakta ho gayA aura usa nIca ne use apanI patnI banA liyaa| isa kAraNa rAnI ilA apane pati se isa duSkarma ke kAraNa ruSTa ho gaI aura apane putra aileya ko lekara dUsare deza ko calI gii| aileya durga deza meM pahu~cA aura vahA~ usane 'ilAvarddhana' nAmaka nagara sthApita kiyA / isake bAda vaha aGgadeza meM tAmralipti nAmaka nagarI bhI sthApita karane meM saphala huaa| aileya eka rAjA bana gayA aura phira vaha digvijaya ko niklaa| isa digvijaya meM aileya ne narmadAtaTa para mAhiSmatInagarI kI nIMva ddaalii| anta meM vaha digambara muni ho gayA aura usakA putra kuNima rAjA huA / kuNima ne vidarbhadeza meM kuNDinapura ko bsaayaa| yaha bhI ho gayA aura isake bAda puloma rAjA huA, jisane pulomapura nagara bsaayaa| isake 118. Ibid., IV, 480-482. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #734
538 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 2 uttarAdhikArI isake do putra, pauloma aura carama huye, jinhoMne indrapura kI nIMva ddaalii| inakI santAna bahuta rAjAoM ke bAda, jinake nAma ginAnA fijUla hai, eka rAjA abhicandra huaa| isane vindhyAcala parvata ke pRSTha bhAga meM cedirASTra kI sthApanA kI / isakI rAnI ugravaMzI vasumatI nAmaka thI / " ( harivaMzapurANa / sarga 17 / zloka 1-39) / " isa kathana se rAjA khAravela ke vaMza kA ThIka paricaya milatA hai aura isake anusAra unakI aira upAdhi kA artha ailavaMzaja honA ThIka hai / tathApi ailavaMzaja abhicandra ne hI cedirASTra kI sthApanA kI, isaliye khAravela kA cetirAjavasavadhena honA ThIka hI hai, kyoMki unake pUrvaja vindhyAcala parvata ke nikaTavartI mahAkauzala se Aye the, aura ve cedirASTra ke uttarAdhikArI the / ataH 'himavaMta - therAvalI' ke anusAra rAjA khAravela kA jo vaMzaparicaya upasthita kiyA gayA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai| usake sthAna para ukta prakAra se jo digambara jainapurANa, hindU-purANa aura svayaM khAravela ke zilAlekha ke anusAra vaMzavarNana kiyA gayA hai vaha vizeSa prAmANika hai, arthAt uttara kauzala ke rAjaputra aileya harivaMzI kI santAna cedikula kI jo thI, aura jo vindhyAcala ke pAsa dakSiNa kauzala meM A rahI thI, usI ke vaMzaja khAravela the / tA. 17 - 3-1930 / (lekha samApta ) / 6.3. uparyukta lekha para sampAdakIya noTa 119 lekhaka : paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra sampAdaka : 'anekAnta' " isa lekha kI vicArasaraNI, yadyapi, bahuta kucha skhalita jAna par3atI hai, satya kI apekSA sAmpradAyikatA kI rakSA kI ora vaha adhika jhukI huI hai aura isI se isameM kitanI hI vivAdastha - anirNIta bAtoM athavA dUsare vidvAnoM ke kathanoM ko, jinheM apane anukUla samajhA, yoM hI, binA unakI khulI jA~ca kiye, eka aTala satya ke taura para mAna liyA gayA hai, aura jinheM pratikUla samajhA, unheM yA to pUrNatayA chor3a diyA gayA hai aura yA unake utane aMza se hI upekSA dhAraNa kI gaI hai, jo apane viruddha par3atA thA / aura isakA kucha AbhAsa pAThakoM ko sampAdakIya phuTanoToM se bhI mila skegaa| phira bhI isa lekha para se ukta 'therAvalI' kI sthiti saMdigdha jarUra ho jAtI hai, bhale hI use abhI jAlI na kahA jA sake, aura isa bAta kI khAsa jarUrata jAna par3atI hai ki use jitanA bhI zIghra ho sake pUrNa paricaya ke sAtha prakAza meM lAyA jaay| aura isaliye muni jI jaise itihAsapriya vidvAnoM ko usake 119. 'anekAnta' / varSa 1 / kiraNa 5 / caitra, vIra ni.saM. 2456 / pR. 302 / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #735
a0 7 / pra0 2 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 539 liye khAsa taura se prayatna karanA caahie| usake prakAza meM Ane para hI usake saba guNa-doSa khula sakeMge aura yaha bhI mAlUma ho sakegA ki vaha asalI cIja hai yA nakalI aura jAlI / zrIyuta bA0 kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla bhI yathArtha nirNaya ke liye usakI mUla prati ko jaldI dekhanA cAhate haiM / isa viSaya meM eka patra unakA muni jI ke nAma bhI AyA thA, jo unheM bhijavA diyA gayA hai| 44 'isake sivAya, maiM apane pAThakoM ko itanA aura batalA denA cAhatA hU~ ki isa lekha ke aMta meM lekhaka mahAzaya ne harivaMzapurANa kI jisa kathA meM prayukta hue 'aileya' nAma ke AdhAra para khAravela ke vaMza kI kalpanA kara DAlI hai, vaha munisuvrata bhagavAn ke tIrtha kI aura isa liye Aja se gyAraha lAkha varSa se bhI adhika pahale kI purAnI batalAI jAtI hai / 'aileya' rAjA munisuvrata bhagavAn kA prapautra thA aura isaliye harivaMzI thA / usakI vaMzaparamparA meM jitane bhI rAjAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, una sabako harivaMzI likhA hai, ailavaMzI yA aileyavaMzI kisI ko bhI nahIM likhA aura na isa nAma ke vaMza kA zAstroM meM koI ullekha hI milatA hai| aisI hAlata meM mahaja zabdachala ko liye hue lekhaka mahAzaya kI yaha kalpanA eka bar3I hI vicitra mAlUma hotI hai, jisakA kahIM se bhI koI samarthana nahIM hotaa| jaba taka Apa prAcIna sAhitya para se spaSTa rUpa meM yaha siddha na kara deM ki 'aila' vaMza bhI koI vaMza thA aura rAjA khAravela usI vaMza meM huA hai, taba taka ApakI isa kalpanA kA kucha bhI mUlya mAlUma nahIM hotA / yaha bhI socane kI bAta hai ki khAravela yadi aileya kI vaMzaparamparA meM honevAlA harivaMzI hotA, to vaha apane ko ailavaMzI kahane kI apekSA harivaMzI kahane meM hI adhika gaurava mAnatA, jisa vaMza meM munisuvrata aura neminAtha jaise tIrthaMkaroM kA honA prasiddha hai| aura yadi 'aileya' rAjA ke bAda vaMza kA nAma badala gayA hotA, to neminAtha bhI ailavaMzI kahalAte, parantu aisA nahIM hai, svAmI samantabhadra jaise prAcIna AcArya bhI harivaMzaketuranavadyavinayadamatIrthanAyakaH (svayaMbhU-stotra) jaise vizeSaNoM ke dvArA unheM harivaMzI hI prakaTa kara rahe haiM / ataH lekhaka kI ukta kalpanA nirmUla jAna par3atI hai|" 6.4. therAvalI - viSayaka vizeSa sampAdakIya noTa 120 lekhaka : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra sampAdaka : ' anekAnta' "pichale noTa ko presa meM dene aura usake kampoja ho jAne ke bAda 'himavanta therAvalI' ke gujarAtI anuvAda ko aMcala - gaccha kI paTTAvalI meM prakAzita karanevAle 120. ' anekAnta' / varSa 1 / kiraNa 5 / caitra, vIra ni.saM. 2456 / pR. 303 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #736
540 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 paM0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja jI jAmanagaravAloM kI ora se prApta hue uttarapatra se mAlUma huA ki himavantasUri-kRta mUla therAvalI bhI aba bhASAntara-sahita chapa rahI hai| isase usake zIghra prakaTa ho jAne kI AzA hai| sAtha hI, zvetAmbara-samAja ke prasiddha vidvAn zrImAn paM0 sukhalAla jI se, jo isa samaya Azrama meM tazarIpha rakhate haiM, mAlUma huA ki unhoMne sandeha hone para therAvalI ke anuvAda ukta paM0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja. jI se graMtha kI mUla prAcIna prati kI bAbata daryApta kiyA thA aura yaha bhI pUchA thA ki anuvAda ke sAtha meM kucha gAthAe~ dekara jo vyAkhyA kI gaI hai, vaha vyAkhyA unakI nijI hai yA kisI TIkA kA anuvAda hai? uttara meM unake yaha likhane para ki vaha vyAkhyA TIkA kA hI anuvAda hai aura mUla prati kaccha ke aMcalagacchIya dharmasAgara jI ke bhaNDAra meM maujUda hai, jo nAgaura yA bIkAnera se vahA~ pahu~cI hai, usa bhaMDAra se isakI prApti ke liye koziza kI gii| parantu aneka mArgoM se chaha sAta mahIne taka barAbara prayatna karane para bhI vaha mUla prati abhI taka dekhane ko nahIM mila sakI aura na yahI mAlUma ho sakA ki vaha prati vahA~ maujUda bhI hai yA ki nhiiN| anyatra bhI talAza jArI hai| aisI hAlata meM jaba taka mUla prati dekhane ko na mila jAya aura usa para se graMtha ke asalI hone kA nizcaya na ho jAya, taba taka usake prakAzita hone para bhI usa para sahasA vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, aisI unakI tathA paM0 becaradAsa jI aura jinavijaya jI kI rAya hai| aura yaha ThIka hI hai| satya ke nirNAyArtha mUla prati ke dikhalAne meM kisI ko bhI saMkoca na honA caahiye| tadviSayaka sandeha ko dUra karanA usake prakAzakoM kA pahalA karttavya haiN|" 6.5. tRtIya lekha (jJAtavya-isa lekha meM dI gayIM pAdaTippaNiyA~ isI lekha ke lekhaka kI tathA katipaya 'anekAnta' ke sampAdaka paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra kI haiN| pAdaTippaNI ke anta meM 'lekhaka' aura 'sampAdaka' zabda se isakA saMketa kara diyA gayA hai|) rAjA khAravela aura himavanta-therAvalI121 lekhaka : muni zrI0 kalyANavijaya jI "anekAnta kI 4 thI kiraNa meM 'rAjA khAravela aura usakA vaMza' isa haiDiMga se hamArA eka lekha chapA hai, jo kaliMga cakravartI mahArAja khAravela ke jIvanavRttAnta se saMbaddha hai| isa lekha kA AdhAra 'himavanta therAvalI' kA gujarAtI anuvAda hai, yaha bAta hamane usI lekha ke anta meM phuTanoTa dekara spaSTa kara dI hai| 121. 'anekAnta' varSa 1/ kiraNa 6-7 / vaizAkha-jyeSTha, vIra ni0 saM0 2456 / pR. 342-350 / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #737
yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 541 a0 7 / pra0 2 " isa viSaya ke anveSaka katipaya vidvAnoM ke patroM se hameM jJAta huA ki unako yaha lekha bahuta hI pasanda AyA hai / para yaha duHkha kI bAta hai ki bA0 kAmatAprasAda jI jaina ko isa lekha se kucha AghAta pahu~cA mAlUma hotA hai, jisa ke pariNAma - svarUpa Apane 'anekAnta' kI 5 vIM kiraNa meM isake khaNDana meM isI zIrSaka se eka AkSepaka lekha prakAzita karAyA hai| "lekha ke prArambha meM 'himavanta therAvalI' ko jAlI ThaharAne kI dhuna meM Apane zvetAmbara jaina samAja para jo AkSepa kiye haiM, unakA uttara denA isa lekha kA viSaya nahIM hai, para lekhaka mahAzaya itanA samajha rakkheM ki jo doSAropaNa Apa zvetAmbarasamAja para karane jA rahe haiM, usase kahIM adhika doSAropaNa digambarasamAja para bhI ho sakatA hai, para isa doSadRSTi meM lAbha hI kyA hai? ina doSagrAhaka - vRttiyoM se hamane hamAre samAja kA jitanA nukasAna kiyA hai utanA zAyada hamAre virodhiyoM ne bhI nahIM kiyA hogA / kyA hI acchA ho, yadi aba bhI hama hamAre samAnadharmiyoM ke Upara kIcar3a phaiMkane ke sthAna para unake sAtha sahakAra karanA sIkheM / " lekhaka kI zikAyata yaha hai ki 'himavanta therAvalI' kI prAmANikatA aura prAcInatA kI carcA kiye bagaira usameM likhI huI kisI bhI hakIkata kA prakAzita karanA ThIka nahIM ja~catA / kyA yaha dalIla hai? bhalA jo kucha aitihAsika naI sAmagrI upalabdha ho, usako satya pramANita kiye bagaira vicArArtha upasthita na kiyA jAya, to usa para ThIka vicAra hI kaise ho sakatA hai? khAravela ke hAthIguphA ke lekha kA hI udAharaNa lIjie, usako aneka vidvAnoM ne par3hA aura apanI-apanI samajha ke anusAra eka dUsare kI vicAradhArA ko badala kara apanI sammatiyA~ kAyama kIM / yahI kyoM, eka-eka vidvAn ne pratyeka bAra apane vicAroM ko kisa prakAra badalA aura naye pariSkAra kiye, yaha bAta kahane kI zAyada hI jarUrata hogI / " dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki hamArA ukta lekha 'himavanta - therAvalI' - viSayaka maulika lekha nahIM thA ki usameM hama apanA kucha bhI abhiprAya dete, 'vIra saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA' nAmaka hamArA nibandha jo 'nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA' meM abhI chapA hai, usa ke pIche isa therAvalI kA sArAMza pariziSTa ke taura para diyA hai, usakA yaha eka aMza mAtra thA, mUla lekha ke sAtha jo kucha likhanA ucita thA, vaha hamane likha bhI diyA hai, para lekha ke pratyeka aMza athavA prakaraNa ke sAtha lekhaka apanA abhiprAya kaise de sakatA hai? yadi bA0 kAmatAprasAda jI hamAre usa lekha ke anta meM diye hue phuTanoTa ko dekha lete, to yaha AkSepa karane kA unheM zAyada maukA hI nahIM milatA / 'therAvalI kisa AcArya ne kisa jamAne meM likhI' isa bAta para UhApoha tabhI ho For Personal & Private Use Only

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542 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 2 sakatA hai ki jaba vaha mUla therAvalI upalabdha ho gaI ho / kevala usake bhASAntara ke AdhAra para yaha carcA kisa prakAra nirdoSarItyA cala sakatI hai? para lekhaka mahodaya jarA dhairya rakheM, ina saba pahaluoM para vicAra ho jAyagA, kyoMki aba mUla sthavirAvalI bhI hamAre hastagata ho gaI hai| " aba hama kAmatAprasAda jI kI una dalIloM kI kramazaH samAlocanA kareMge, jo unhoMne 'himavanta - therAvalI' kI khAravela - viSayaka bAtoM ko aprAmANika aura bAdhita siddha karane ke liye apanI tarapha se upasthita kI haiN| "1. ApakA yaha kathana ThIka hai ki 'ceTaka ke vaMza kA jo paricaya therAvalI meM diyA hai vaha anyatra kahIM nahIM milatA', para isase yaha kaise mAna liyA jAya ki koI bhI bAta eka se adhika granthoM meM na milane se hI aprAmANika yA jAlI hai? digambara-saMpradAya ke mAnya grantha mUlAcAra athavA bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA hI udAharaNa lIjiye, ina donoM graMthoM meM aisI aneka bAteM haiM, jo dUsare kisI bhI digambarAcAryakRta grantha meM nahIM miltiiN| kyA hama pUcha sakate haiM ki ina donoM granthoM ko aprAmANika athavA jAlI ThaharAne kA bAbUsAhaba ne kabhI sAhasa kiyA hai? yadi nahIM, to phira kyA kAraNa hai ki kisI bAta kA granthAntara se samarthana na hone kI vajaha se Apa 'himavaMta - therAvalI' ko aprAmANika ThaharAne ke liye daur3a par3e haiM? "2. lekhaka kA yaha kathana ki " jo aMza prakaTa huA hai usakA sAmaJjasya kevala jainazAstroM se hI ThIka nahIM baiThatA, balki jainetara sAhitya se bhI vaha bAdhita hai, jaisA ki Age calakara prakaTa hogA" kucha bhI satyatA nahIM rkhtaa| therAvalIvAlI hakIkata kA jainazAstroM se kucha bhI asAmaJjasya siddha nahIM hotA aura na jainetara sAhitya se hI vaha bAdhita hai, jaisA ki Age calakara batAyA jAyagA / "himavaMta-therAvalI meM kevala khAravela aura usake vaMza kA hI ullekha nahIM hai, balki usa meM zreNika, kUNika, udAyI, nanda aura mauryavaMza ke rAjya kI katipaya jJAtavya bAtoM kA bhI sphoTa kiyA gayA hai, aura samprati ke samaya meM kisa prakAra maurya rAjya kI do zAkhAe~ huIM tathA samprati ke bAda vikramAditya paryanta kauna kauna ujjayinI meM rAjA hue, ina saba bAtoM kA saMkSipta nirdeza isa therAvalI meM kiyA gayA hai| 44 "3. lekhaka kI tIsarI dalIla yaha hai ki 'rAjA ceTaka ke nAma kI apekSA kisI 'ceTa' vaMza kA astitva isa se pahale ke kisI sAhityagrantha yA zilAlekha se pragaTa nahIM hai| aura ceTaka kA vaMza 'licchivi' prasiddha thA / " For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 543 "yaha ThIka hai ki ceTaka ke nAma se kisI vaMza kA astitva kahIM ullikhita nahIM dekhA gayA, para isa khAravela ke lekha aura therAvalI ke saMvAda se yaha mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ki isa ullekha se hI ceTakavaMza kA astitva siddha ho rahA hai? ceTaka kI yuddha-nimittaka mRtyu huI, usakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kA nAza huA aura ceTaka ke vaMzajoM kA adhikAra videha rAjya para se uTha jAne ke bAda vahA~ gaNarAjya ho gyaa| ina kAraNoM se pichale samaya meM ceTaka aura usake vaMza kI adhika prasiddhi na rahane se usa kI carcA granthoM meM na milatI ho, to isase sazaMka hone kI kyA jarUrata hai? ceTaka bar3A dharmI rAjA thA, usane zaraNAgata kI rakSA ke nimitta hI magadhapati koNika ke sAtha lar3AI lar3I thI aura anta taka sane apanA vIrocita samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| isa dazA meM ceTaka kI kIrti aura usakA mahattva usake putra zobhanarAja kI saMtAna ke liye eka gaurava kA viSaya ho, isameM kyA anucita hai? zobhanarAja bhAga nikalA aura usane apanI hInatA sAbita kI, yaha mAna lene para bhI ceTaka kI mahattA meM kucha bhI hInatva nahIM aataa| agara khAravela sacamuca hI isa kIrtizAlI ceTaka kA vaMzaja ho, to vaha bar3e gaurava ke sAtha apane pUrvaja kA nAma le sakatA hai| "isa kathana meM bhI kucha pramANa nahIM hai ki ceTaka 'licchivi' vaMza kA puruSa thaa| mujhe ThIka smaraNa to nahIM hai, para jahA~ taka khyAla hai, zvetAmbara-sampradAya ke purAne sAhitya meM ceTaka kA 'haihaya' athavA isase milatA-julatA koI vaMza batAyA gayA hai|122 para 'licchivi' vaMza to kisI jagaha nahIM likhaa| hA~, usa ke samaya meM vahA~ 'licchivi' logoM kI eka zaktizAlI jAti thI, usake kaI jatthe the aura pratyeka jatthe para eka eka jatthedAra-gaNanAyaka niyata thaa| para isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve jatthedAra athavA gaNanAyaka bilakula svataMtra the| sirpha apane gaNoM ke Antarika kAryoM meM hI unakI svataMtratA parimita thii| rAjya-kArobAra meM ve saba ceTaka ke mAtahata the, durdaivayoga se koNika ke sAtha kI AkhirI lar3AI ke samaya videha kI 'licchivi' aura 'vajjI' nAmaka do prabala jAtiyoM meM se dUsarI jAti ne ceTaka ko dhokhA de diyA, vaha koNika ke sAtha mila gaI aura kAzI tathA kosala ke 18 gaNa-rAjoM ke sAtha ceTaka kI hAra ho gii|123 isa apamAna ke mAre usane anazana karake deha chor3a diyaa| 122. "jahA~ taka mujhe yAda hai, yaha bAta 'nirayAvalI' sUtra meM hai| isa phikare ko maiMne noTa taka kiyA hai, lekina isa vakta na to mere pAsa 'nirayAvalI' sUtra hai aura na usakA noTa hii|" lekhk| 123. "ceTaka aura koNika kI yaha lar3AI jainasUtroM meM 'mahAzilA-kaNTaka' isa nAma se varNita hai| isa lar3AI meM kisakI jIta huI aura kisakI hAra? yaha prazna karake uttara For Personal & Private Use Only

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544 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 "isa prasaMga meM kAzI ke 9 gaNarAja aura kosala ke 9 gaNarAja jo malla aura licchivi jAti kI bhinna-bhinna zreNiyoM ke aguA the, unake ceTaka kI madada meM lar3ane kA ullekha 24 hai, para videha ke kisI bhI gaNarAja kA jikra nahIM miltaa| isase bhI yaha sAbita hotA hai ki taba taka videha meM gaNarAjya sthApita nahIM huA thaa| hA~, apanI zreNiyoM meM vaMzaparamparAgata eka-eka nAyaka avazya mAnA jAtA thA, una zreNipatiyoM para rAjA ceTaka kA zAsana thA aura saba kAmoM meM vaha mahArAjA kI haisiyata se una para hukma karatA thaa| yadyapi kAzI aura kozala ke rAjya bhI usa samaya videha rAjya meM sammilita the, para vahA~ kI Antarika zAsana-vyavasthA meM videharAja kA hastakSepa nahIM thaa| apane rAjyakArobAra meM vahA~ ke gaNarAjya svataMtra the| hA~. yaddha jaise prasaMgoM meM ve eka dUsare kI madada ke lie khAsa niyamoM se ba~dhe rahate the, aura isI vajaha se unane koNika ke AkramaNa ke samaya ceTaka kA sAtha diyA thaa| "ceTaka videha kA paramparAgata rAjA thA, isa bAta kA yadyapi spaSTa ullekha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AyA, para isa se yaha bhI nizcita kaise mAna liyA jAya ki vaha paramparAgata rAjA nahIM thA?, aura yaha bhI kaunasA niyama hai ki paramparAgata rAjA ho, vahI rAjA mAnA jAya aura dUsarA nahIM? lekhaka mahAzaya jo yaha kahate haiM ki "ceTaka paramparAgata rAjA nahIM thA, yaha bAta itihAsa aura svayaM zvetAmbaragraMthoM se siddha hai" bilakula nirAdhAra hai| tarkamAtra se kucha kalpanA kara lenA yaha itihAsa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyA lekhaka yaha batAne kI takalIpha uThAe~ge ki ceTaka ke paramparAgata rAjA na hone kI bAta kisa zvetAmbaragrantha meM likhI hai? athavA kyA yaha bhI kisI prAcIna grantha se batA sakate haiM ki ceTaka vaizAlI ke niyukta rASTrapati the? isa bAta ko lekhaka jI dhyAna meM rakheM ki kisI Adhunika vidvAn ke kaha dene mAtra se ceTaka vaizAlI ke athavA licchavivaMza ke niyukta rASTrapati siddha nahIM ho skte| videha deza diyA gayA hai ki isameM 'vajjI' aura 'vaidehIputra' (koNika) kI jIta huI aura nau mallaka aura nau licchavi gaNarAjoM kI hAra huii| dekhiye nimnalikhita bhagavatIsUtra ke zabda-"mahAzilAkaMTae NaM bhaMte saMgAme vaTTamANe ke jaitthA ke parAjaitthA? goyamA! vajjIvidehaputte jaitthA nava mallaI nava lecchaI kAsIkosalagA aTThArasa vigaNarAyANo praajitthaa|" (bha./ za.7/ u.9/ pa. 315) / yahA~ TIkA meM 'vajjI' zabda kA artha 'vajrI' arthAt indra kiyA hai, para vastutaH yahA~ 'vajjI' zabda 'vRjikajAti' kA prabodhaka hai|" lekhk| 124. "isa praMsaga para bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ne apane lekha meM nau mallika, nau licchavi gaNarAjoM ke atirikta 48 kAzI-kauzala ke gaNarAjoM kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha bilakula galata hai| kAzI-kauzala ke nau mallika aura nau licchavi gaNarAjoM ne ceTaka ko isa yuddha meM sAhAyya pradAna kiyA thA, dUsare kisI ne nhiiN|" lekhk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 545 meM gaNarAjya kI carcA thI, isI AdhAra para ceTaka ko vahA~ kA gaNarAja athavA niyukta rASTrapati mAna lenA eka bAta hai aura usake sambandha meM usa bAta ko sAbita karanevAle pramANa denA dUsarI bAta hai| Aja taka jo-jo bAteM ceTaka ke sambandha meM hamane socI haiM, una saba se to yahI siddha hotA hai ki ceTaka videha kA sattAdhArI rAjA thaa| ujjayinI ke caNDapradyota, sindhu-sauvIra ke udAyana, vatsa-kauzAmbI ke zatAnIka aura magadhapati zreNika jaise svataMtra sattAzAlI rAjAoM se usakA vaivAhika sambandha bhI yahI batA rahA hai ki ceTaka eka sattAzAlI rAjA thaa| "lar3AI ke samaya 'vajjI' jAti kA usake viruddha koNika ke pakSa meM mila jAnA bhI yahI batAtA hai ki Asa-pAsa ke rASTroM kI svataMtratA se prabhAvita hokara hI vajjiyana logoM ne bhI ceTaka ko rAjyadhurA se vaMcita karane ke liye magadhapati kA pakSa liyA hogaa| ina saba bAtoM ke paryAlocana se to yahI pramANita hotA hai ki ceTaka eka svataMtra-sattAvAn rAjA thaa|125 isa hAlata meM koNika ke sAtha kI lar3AI meM usake parAjita hone para usakA putra zobhanarAja kaliMga ke rAjA sulocana ke pAsa gayA ho aura vahA~ usako rAjya milA ho, to kyA Azcarya hai? "4. cauthI dalIla kA sampUrNa uttara Upara ke vivecana se diyA jA cukA hai| "5. pA~cavIM dalIla yaha hai ki digambara jainazAstra 'uttarapurANa' meM rAjA ceTaka ke dasa putroM ke jo nAma likhe haiM, unameM 'zobhanarAja' nAma nahIM hai| ThIka hai, uttarapurANa meM 'zobhanarAya' nAma na sahI, para uttarapurANa kaunasA prAmANika itihAsagrantha hai ki jisakI pratyeka bAta para hama adhika vajana de skeN| jo purANa udAyana ko kaccha deza kA 125. "bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI svayaM bhI isa viSaya meM pahile saMzayAtmA the ki vaizAlI meM gaNarAjya thA yA rAjarAjya? isa bAta kA kucha bhI nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dekhiye inakI 'bhagavAn mahAvIra' nAmaka pustaka kA nimna likhita phikarA-"usa samaya ke anya prabhAvazAlI rAjya magadhAdi se apane ko surakSita rakhane ke lie bahuta saMbhava hai ki ina rAjyoM ne isa prakAra eka gaNarAjya kAyama kara liyA ho| kintu isa viSaya meM koI nizcayAtmaka nirNaya nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai, jaba taka ki usa jamAne ke aura hAla mAlUma na ho jaaveN| ata eva mahArAja ceTaka aura nRpa siddhArtha kisI na kisI rUpa meM krama se vaizAlI aura kuNDalapura ke adhipati the, jaisA ki jainazAstra pragaTa karate haiN|" (bhagavAn mahAvIra / pR. 64) / parantu aba Apa isa lekha meM nizcaya ke sAtha likhate haiM ki "videha deza meM taba sAmrAjyavAda ke sthAna para eka prakAra kA prajAtaMtravAda pracalita thaa| ceTaka usa rASTra ke rASTrapati niyukta the|" kyA maiM pUchU ki bAba sAhaba ko aba kauna naye pramANa mile haiM. jinake AdhAra para Apane yaha nizcayAtmaka nirNaya kara liyA ki 'ceTaka niyukta rASTrapati the'?" lekhk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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546 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 rAjA batA sakatA hai aura kauzAmbI ke rAjA zatAnIka ko 'sAra' nAma se varNana kara sakatA hai, usake vacana para kahA~ taka vizvAsa kiyA jAya, isakA lekhaka svayaM vicAra kara leN| kauzAmbI ke rAjA sahasrAnIka ke putra kA nAma zvetAmbara-jainasUtroM aura bhAsa ke svapnavAsavadatta meM zatAnIka likhA milatA hai, taba digambarAcAryakRta zreNikacaritra meM isakA nAma 'nAtha' aura uttarapurANa meM 'sAra' likhA hai| isa para bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI apanI 'bhagavAn mahAvIra' nAmaka pustaka (pR.140) meM likhate haiM ki 'zatAnIka' yaha isa rAjA kA tIsarA nAma hai| bhalA zatAnIka ke 'nAtha' aura 'sAra' jaise avyavahArya nAmoM kA to nAmAntara mAna kara nirvAha kara lenA aura 'zobhanarAya' nAma uttarapurANa meM na hone mAtra se hI use aprAmANika ThaharA denA yaha kaisA nyAya hai? yahA~ para bhI yahI kyoM na mAna liyA jAya ki yadi ceTaka ke uttarapurANokta dasa hI putra the, to 'zobhanarAja' yaha bhI unameM se kisI eka kA nAmAntara ho sakatA hai| "6. yaha kahanA ki 'harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra mahAvIra ke samaya meM kaliMga kA rAjA jitazatru thA, sulocana nahIM thA', kevala tarkAbhAsa hai| kyoMki 'jitazatru' yaha koI vizeSa nAma nahIM hai, kintu rAjA kA sammAnanIya vizeSaNa-mAtra hai| kyA zvetAmbara, kyA digambara kisI bhI saMpradAya ke granthoM meM jahA~-jahA~ rAjA kA nAma 'jitazatru' aura rAnI kA nAma 'dhAriNI' AtA hai vahA~ sarvatra bahudhA yahI artha samajhanA caahiye|126 isa dazA meM kaliMga ke rAjA kA nAma sulocana mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| ___"7. lekhaka kI sAtavIM dalIla to sabhI dalIloM kA makkhana hai| Apa kahate haiM "kyA yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki khAravela ke ati prAcIna zilAlekha ko zvetAmbarasAhitya se poSaNa dilA kara use zvetAmbarIya prakaTa karane ke liye hI kisI ne isa therAvalI kI racanA kara DAlI ho aura vahI racanA kisI zAstrabhaNDAra se ukta muni jI ko mila gaI ho?" "priya pAThaka gaNa! kitanA gahana tarka hai? isase Apa lekhaka mahAzaya kA manobhAva to bakhUbI samajha hI gaye hoMge ki isa viSaya meM unake kalama uThAne kA kAraNa kyA hai? jahA~ taka maiM samajhatA hU~ bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI apane sampradAya ke ananya rakSaka jAna par3ate haiM, apanI kaTTara sAMpradAyikatA ke viruddha kucha bhI AvAja nikalate hI usakI kisI bhI taraha dhajjiyA~ ur3AnA ApakA sarvaprathama kartavya hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki himavanta-therAvalI ko bagaira dekhe aura bagaira sune hI usako jAlI ThaharAne kI hada taka Apa pahu~ca gaye aura jo kucha mana meM AyA likha baitthe| astu| 126. "acchA hotA yadi lekhaka mahAzaya isa viSaya ke samarthana meM koI sabala pramANa bhI sAtha meM upasthita kara dete|" smpaadk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 547 "bAbU jI! Apa itanA bhI nahIM soca sakate ki yadi therAvalI vastutaH jAlI hotI aura usakA manazA Apake kathanAnusAra hotA, to usameM kumAragiri para jinakalpidigambara sAdhuoM ke hone kA ullekha hI kyoM hotA? khAravela ke lekha ko zvetAmbarIya prakaTa karane kA aura kumAra tathA kumArIgiri para apanA svatva sAbita karane ke irAde se yadi therAvalI kA nirmANa huA hotA, to usameM yaha jikra kyA kabhI AtA ki kumArIgiri kI guphAoM meM jinakalpI sAdhu rahate the aura kumAragiri para sthavirakalpI? isake atirikta khAravela ne jo caturvidha saMgha ko ikaTThA kiyA thA, usameM bhI do sau jinakalpa kI tulanA karanevAle sAdhuoM ke ekatra hone kA jo nirdeza hai, vaha kabhI hotA? "yaha Apatti ki "therAvalI meM katipaya ullekha aise haiM, jo khAravela ke lekha meM pahale anya rUpa meM par3he gaye the aura aba ve naye rUpa meM par3he jAte haiM, udAharaNa ke taura para 'khAravela' yaha nAma pahile upAdhi mAnI gaI thI, parantu aba vaha vizeSa nAma sAbita huA hai| isI prakAra pahale 'bRhaspatimitra' puSyamitra kA hI nAmAntara mAnA gayA thA, para aba vaise nahIM mAnA jaataa|" parantu yaha Apatti bhI vAstavika nahIM hai, kyoMki abhI taka khAravela kA vaha lekha pUre taura se spaSTa par3hA nahIM gayA hai, pratyeka bAra vidvAnoM ne usameM se jo jo vizeSa bAta samajha pAI, vahI likha DAlI hai, para isakA artha yaha nahIM ki aba isa lekha meM kucha bhI saMzodhana hogA hI nahIM, kyA Azcarya hai ki prathama vAcanA kI jina-jina bAtoM ko vidvAnoM ne pichale samaya meM badalA hai unhIM ko ve kAlAntara meM phira maMjUra bhI kara leveM? "dRSTivAda ko durbhikSa ke bAda vyavasthita karane kA jikra isa lekha meM aura therAvalI meM hI nahIM, kintu dUsare bhI aneka prAmANika zvetAmbara-jainagranthoM meM AtA hai|127 isa vAste isa viSaya kA lekhaka kA abhiprAya bhI doSarahita nahIM hai| "8. kumAragiri para jinamaMdira kA punaruddhAra karake susthita-supratibuddha ke hAtha se pratiSThA karAkara jinamurti sthApita karane ke sambamdha meM Apa kahate haiM ki 127. "nanda aura mauryakAlIna durbhikSoM kA varNana aura usa samaya avyavasthita hue dRSTivAda kI phira vyavasthA karane kA vistRta varNana 'titthogAlI painnaya', 'AvazyakacUrNi' prabhRti prAcInakAlIna zvetAmbaragraMthoM meM diyA huA hai, aura usake bAda ke durbhikSoM meM bhI dRSTivAda kI chinnabhinnatA aura kramazaH usake viccheda hone ke ullekha zvetAmbara-paTTAvaliyoM meM milate haiN| isa vAste khAravela ke samaya meM dRSTivAda kA saMgraha karane ke viSaya meM jo himavata-therAvalI meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha asaMgata mAlUma nahIM hotaa|" lekhk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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548 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 aM07/pra02 "vIra nirvANa se 330 varSoM ke bAda ye saba kArya karake khAravela ko svargavAsI huA likhA hai| kintu zvetAmbarIya tapAgaccha kI 'vRddhapaTTAvalI' se yaha bAta bAdhita hai| usake anusAra ukta sthaviradvaya kA samaya vIra nirvANa se 372 varSa kA hai| isa hAlata meM khAravela kA unase sAkSAt honA kaThina hai|" "khAravela vIrasaMvat 330 meM svargavAsI huA, yaha bAta to ThIka hai, para 'susthitasupratibuddha nirvANa se 372 varSa ke bAda hue' yaha likhanA galata hai| sabhI zvetAmbaragacchIya paTTAvaliyoM meM Arya suhasti kA svargavAsa nirvANa se 291 varSa ke bAda honA likhA hai, isa dazA meM Arya suhasti ke paTTadhara susthita-supratibuddha kI vidyamAnatA 330 ke pahile mAnane meM kucha bhI virodha nahIM hai| ina sthaviroM kA 372 ke bAda hone kA lekha bhramapUrNa hai| agara aisA tapAgaccha kI paTTAvalI meM ullekha hai, to vaha azuddha hai, isameM koI zaka nahIM hai| mAlUma hotA hai 327 ke sthAna meM bhUla se 372 chapa gayA hai, kyoMki ina donoM sthaviroM kA svargavAsa nirvANa se 327 varSa ke bAda huA thA aura ina ke nAma ke lekhoMvAle vahA~ para do stUpa bhI bhikSurAja khAravela ne banavAye the, aisA aJcalagaccha kI merutuMgakRta paTTAvalI meM ullekha hai| sAtha hI, vahA~ yaha bhI likhA hai ki 'Arya susthita-supratibaddha adhikatara kaliMga deza meM hI vihAra karate the| paramAIta bhikSurAja inakA paramabhakta banA huA thA, aura ina sthavirayugala ke upadeza se usane aneka zAsanonnati karanevAle dharmakArya kiye the| kaliMgadeza meM 'zajayAvatAra' nAma se prasiddha kumaraparvata para inhoMne koTivAra sarimaMtra kA ArAdhana kiyA thA, ataeva inakA munigaNa 'koTikazAkhA' isa nAma se prasiddha ho gayA thaa| ina donoM ne apanA sAdhusamudAya iMdradinnasUri ko samarpaNa karake kumaragiri para anazana kara vIra nirvANa se 327 varSa bItane para svargavAsa prApta kiyaa|128 128. "jisakA sArAMza Upara diyA gayA hai vaha aJcalagaccha kI paTTAvalI kA mUla pATha isa prakAra hai-"campApurIvAstavyau susthita-supratibuddhAbhidhAnau dvAvapi rAjanyakulasamudbhavau bhrAtarau prAptasaMvegau zrImadAryasuhastinAM samIpe vrataM jgRhtuH| prAyeNa kaliGgadeze vihAraM kurvatostayostatratyaH paramArhatabhikSurAjabhUpo'tIva bhaktaH snyjaatH| tayorupadezena tena bhikSurAjabhUpenAneke (kAni) dharmakAryANi zAsanonnataye kaaritaani| tAbhyAM ca tatra kaliGgadeze zatruJjayAvatArAparanAmaprasiddhakumaraparvatoparidhyAnasthAbhyAM koTivAraM sUrimantrArAdhanaM kRtm| atastadIyaparivAramunigaNaH 'koTikazAkhA'- bhidhAnataH prasiddho bbhuuv| tau dvAvapi bhrAtarau nijaparivAraM zrImadindradinnasUribhyaH samarpya kumaragirAvanazanaM vidhAya zrIvIraprabhunirvANat 327 varSeSu vyatikrAnteSu svarga jgmtuH| bhikSurAjabhUpena ca tatrotsavaM nirmAya tadabhidhAnalekhayutau dvau stUpau kaaritau|" merutunggiiyaanyclgcchiiy-pttttaavlii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 549 "aJcalagacha kI paTTAvalI ke isa ullekha se na kevala khAravela aura ina do sthaviroM kI samakAlakatA hI siddha hai, balki isase himavaMta-therAvalI kI bhI katipaya bAtoM kA samarthana hotA hai| "9. isa phikare meM lekhaka kA kahanA hai ki "eka to devAcArya, buddhiliMgAcArya, dharmasenAcArya tathA nakSatrAcArya zvetAmbara nahIM the, dUsare ye nitAnta eka-dUsare se bhinnakAlIna hone se khAravela kI sabhA meM inakA ekatra honA asaMbhava hai|" yaha ThIka hai ki ina AcAryoM kA zvetAmbarajainoM kI vidyamAna paTTAvaliyoM meM varNana nahIM hai, parantu himavaMtatherAvalIkAra ne bhI yaha to likhA hI nahIM hai ki ye sthavira zvetAmbara-saMpradAyAnuyAyI the| therAvalIkAra ne to spaSTa likha diyA hai ki ye AcArya jinakalpa kI tulanA karane vAle the, Arya mahAgiri kI zAkhA ke sthavira the, jo svayaM bhI jinakalpa kI tulanA karate the| yadi ye nAma digambara-paTTAvaliyoM meM milate haiM, to isameM Apatti kI bAta hI kyA hai? isa se to ulaTA therAvalI ke lekha kA hI samarthana hotA hai| aba rahI inake nitAnta bhinnakAlIna hone kI bAta, so yaha bhI Apatti vAstavika nahIM jAna par3atI, digambarIya granthoM ke anusAra devAcArya nirvANa se 315 varSa pIche dazapUrvadhara bane the, to isa samaya ke pahale bhI ve vidyamAna the, isameM to zaMkA hI kyA hai? buddhiliMga kA dazapUrvadharatva-kAla nirvANa se 295 se 315 varSa taka likhA hai, dharma-senAcArya kA samaya ni0 saM0 329 lekhaka svayaM kabUla karate hai, nakSatrAcArya 345 meM ekAdazAMgadhArI hue mAne jAte haiN| to isake pahale inakI vidyamAnatA svayaM siddha hai| isa dazA meM khAravela dvArA ekatra kI gaI sabhA meM ina AcA cAryoM kA sammilita honA kucha bhI asaMbhAvita athavA azakya nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM vidvAn sampAdaka jI ne bhI phuTanoTa meM acchA khulAsA kara diyA hai, jo vidvAnoM ke par3hane yogya hai| isI phikare meM lekhaka mahAzaya likhate haiM ki "ina AcAryoM ko therAvalI bhI digambara (jinakalpI) prakaTa karatI hai| rahI bAta savastra sAdhuoM kI, so therAvalI meM ye susthita, supratibuddha, umAsvAti va zyAmAcArya prabhRti batAe haiN| inameM se pahale do isa sabhA meM zAmila nahIM ho sakate, yaha hama dekha cuke| rahe zeSa do, so ye bhI ukta sabhA meM nahIM pahu~ca sakate, kyoMki umAsvAti isa ghaTanA ke kaI zatAbdI bAda hue haiM aura zyAmAcArya unase bhI pIche ke AcArya mAlUma hote haiN| ataH therAvalI kA yaha vaktavya prAmANika nahIM hai|" "therAvalI ina devAcArya prabhRti ko jinakalpI prakaTa karatI hai, yahI to isakI prAcInatA kA dyotaka hai| yadi vaha arvAcIna kAla kI racanA hotI, to dUsarI zvetAmbarIya paTTAvaliyoM kI taraha isameM bhI devAcArya, bodhiliMga, dharmasena pramukha AcAryoM kA ullekha nahIM hotaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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550 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 "susthita-supratibuddhi kA samaya nirvANa se 291 se 327 paryanta thA, isa vAste inakA khAravela dvArA prastuta sabhA meM zAmila honA kisI taraha asaMgata nahIM hai, yaha bAta pahile kahI jA cukI hai| umAsvAti aura zyAmAcArya meM se zyAmAcArya to khAravela ke samakAlIna the, isameM kucha bhI zaMkA nahIM hai, kyoMki zvetAmbarajaina-paTTAvaliyoM meM zyAmAcArya ke yugapradhAnatvakAla kA prAraMbha ni0 saM0 335 se mAnA gayA hai aura jisa samaya unheM yugapradhAna kA pada milA, usa samaya unako dIkSA lie 35 varSa ho cuke the| isa vAste zyAmAcArya ke khAravela kI sabhA meM zAmila hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai| aba rahI umAsvAti kI bAta, so yaha bAta avazya vicAraNIya hai| yadyapi inake sattAsamaya ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara granthakAra ekamata nahIM haiM, digambarasaMpradAya ke vidvAn inako kundakundAcArya ke bAda meM huA mAnate haiM, taba zvetAmbarasaMpradAya kI paTTAvaliyA~ inako uparyukta zyAmAcArya ke guru athavA purogAmI aura balissaha ke ziSya 'svAti' AcArya se abhinna mAnatI haiN| nandI-therAvalI ke 'hAriaguttaM sAIM ca vaMdamau hAriaM ca sAmajaM' isa gAthArdha meM batAye hue svAti AcArya hI yadi himavaMtatherAvalI ke umAsvAti haiM, taba to unakA khAravela kI sabhA meM zAmila honA kucha bhI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai, para isa sambandha meM abhI kucha bhI nizcita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| zvetAmbarIya yugapradhAna-paTTAvaliyoM meM eka aura bhI umAsvAti vAcaka vIra nirvANa se 1115 ke Asa-pAsa ke samaya meM hue batalAe haiM, Azcarya nahIM ki umAsvAti nAma ke AcArya do hue hoM aura pichale samaya meM ina donoM kA abheda mAna lene se yaha gar3abar3a utpanna ho gaI ho| kucha bhI ho, para isase himavanta-therAvalI kI aprAmANikatA kabhI siddha nahIM ho sktii| ___ "apanI tamAma dalIloM kI vRSTi karane ke bAda bAbU jI ne khAravela ke vaMza ke viSaya meM apanA abhiprAya nizcita kiyA hai ki khAravelasiri 'aila' vaMza kA puruSa thaa| isa nirNaya meM khAravela ke hAthIguphAvAle lekha kA 'airena' isa zabda aura jaina harivaMza meM dI huI 'aileya' rAjA kI kathA ko AdhArabhUta mAnA hai, para yaha kalpanA bhI nirmUla hai, isakA spaSTa khulAsA antima phuTanoTa meM vidvAn sampAdaka jI ne hI kara diyA hai| isa sambandha meM yahA~ sirpha itanA hI kahanA paryApta hogA ki prAcIna samaya kI pUrvadezIya bhASAoM meM 'ra' kA 'la' hone kA vidhAna to avazya thA para 'la' kA 'ra' karanevAlA koI vidhAna nahIM thA, isa vAste 'aila' kA sthAnApanna 'aira' nahIM ho sktaa| koI-koI vidvAn 'airena' isa zabda ko 'verena' isa prakAra bhI par3hate haiM jisakA saMskRta rUpa 'vajreNa' hotA hai| kyA Azcarya hai ki anya upAdhiyoM kI taraha 'vajra' yaha bhI khAravela kI koI upAdhi ho? aura yadi ur3iyA dantakathA ke anusAra yahA~ 'aira' pATha hI ThIka mAna liyA jAya, taba bhI usako 'aileya' kA vaMzaja For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 551 mAna lene ke liye kyA pramANa hai? jaba 'aila' nAma se koI vaMza hI pracalita nahIM thA, to khAravela apane lekha meM usakA nirdeza kaise kara sakate the? ___ "himavanta-therAvalIgata khAravela-viSayaka vRttAnta ko aprAmANika ThaharAne ke liye bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI jaina ne apanI tarapha se jo jo dalIleM peza kI thIM, unakA saMkSipta uttara Upara diyA jA cukA hai| aba hamAre mata se to yaha bAta nizcita ho gaI hai ki 'himavaMta-therAvalI' koI Adhunika racanA nahIM hai, kintu saikar3oM varSoM kA purAnA nibandha hai| isakI mUla prati kacchamAMDavI ke pustakabhaNDAra se hameM paNDita sukhalAla jI saMghavI ke dvArA abhI milI hai, jisakA vistRta-avalokana kabhI maukA milane para likhA jAyagA, para itanA to yahA~ kaha denA prAsaMgika hogA ki therAvalI parAnA grantha hai. yahI nahIM vaha eka ati mahattva kA aitihAsika grantha hai| anta meM isako himavaMta-kRta likhA hai, para abhI hama yaha nizcita nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki yaha himavaMtakRta therAvalI hI hai yA himavaMta-therAvalI kA sAra? himavaMta-therAvalI-nAmaka prAcIna therAvalI zvetAmbarajaina-sAhitya meM eka prasiddha grantha hone kA pramANa hameM aJcalagacchIya AcArya merutuMga kI vikrama saMvat 1438 meM nirmita paTTAvalI meM milatA hai|29 yahI nahIM, therAvalI kI aneka aprasiddha bAtoM kA samarthana bhI isa paTTAvalI se hotA hai|30 "hameM jo therAvalI kI pustaka hastagata huI hai, vaha aJcalagaccha-paTTAvalI kI pustaka ke prathama ke 9 patroM meM likhI huI hai aura isake bAda aJcalagaccha kI bRhatpaTTAvalI likhI huI hai,, yaha saMpUrNa prati saMvat 1893 meM lekhaka rAmacandra dvArA nAgora meM likhI gaI thI, yaha bAta isa pustaka ke anta meM diye hue nimnalikhita vacanoM se jAnI jAtI hai 129. "balissaha sthavira ke prasaMga meM paTTAvalIkAra ne eka jagaha himavaMta-therAvalI kA spaSTa nAmollekha taka kara diyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai-"balissahamunivarAzca pazcAt svprivaaryutaa-ssthvirklpmbhjn| paraM teSAM zAkhA pRthageva vAcakagaNAkhyayA prasiddhA jaataa| tatparivArazca pUrvamevAryahimavadviracitasthavirAvalyAM kathito'sti tto'vseyH|" (aJcalagacchapaTTAvalI / 15-2) lekhk| ["yaha ullekha paTTAvalI meM kahIM prakSipta to nahIM, ise tathA aura bhI dUsare ullekhoM ko khAsa taura se jA~cane kI jarUrata hai| kyoMki therAvalI aura paTTAvalI donoM ke prakAzaka mahAzaya eka haiM aura unakI sthiti paM0 sukhalAla jI se bahuta kucha. saMdigdha mAlUma huI hai|" smpaadk|] anekAnta / varSa 1/kiraNa 6,7 pR. 350 / / 130. "AcArya bhadrabAhu aura AryamahAgiri kA kumaragiri para svargavAsa hone kA himavanta therAvalI meM ullekha hai aura usI bAta kA isa aJcalapaTTAvalI se bhI samarthana hotA hai| isameM kaI jagaha kumaragiri aura bhikSurAja kA nAmollekha bhI hai, jo himavantatherAvalI ke vacanoM kA hI samarthana kara rahA hai|" lekhk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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552 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 2 " saMvat 1893 varSe mArgasIra zukla navamI tithau nAgoranagare lekhaka sAcIharaviprarAmacandreNa likhitA / ciraM naMdatu / " "himavanta-therAvalI ke sambamdha meM hama yahA~ adhika nahIM likheNge| isakI vistRta AlocanA eka svataMtra nibandha meM ho sakatI hai, jo adhika samaya aura vicAraNA kI apekSA rakhatA hai| yadi anukUlatA prApta huI, to isake liye bhI avazya hI udyoga kiyA jAyagA / " ( lekha samApta ) / 6.6. 'anekAnta' ke sampAdaka ko likhita paTanA, tA0 12/4 / 30 'zrImAn bAbU jugalakizora jI kI sevA meM sAdara jayajinendra pUrvaka vidita ho ki maiM kucha dinoM se idhara AyA huA huuN| ahamadAbAda se Ate hue rAste meM eka do roja dillI Thahara kara Apake sAtha satsamAgama kA lAbha uThAne kI khAsa icchA thI, parantu saMyogavaza vaisA na ho sakA / 44 muni jinavijaya jI kA patra 131 aura himavaMta - therAvalI ke jAlI hone kI sUcanA "yahA~ para mitravara zrIyuta kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla se samAgama huA aura unhoMne 'anekAnta' meM Aye hue khAravela ke lekhoM ke viSaya meM carcA kI, jisameM khAsa taura para usa lekha ke bAre meM vizeSa carcA huI, jisameM himavanta - therAvalI ke AdhAra para kucha bAteM likhI gaI haiN| yaha therAvalI ahamadAbAda meM paNDitapravara zrI sukhalAla jI ke prabandha se hamAre pAsa A gaI thI aura usakA hamane khUba sUkSmatA ke sAtha vAcana kiyaa| par3hane ke sAtha hI hameM vaha sArA hI grantha banAvaTI mAlUma ho gayA aura kisane aura kaba yaha gar3ha DAlA usakA bhI kucha hAla mAlUma ho gyaa| ina bAtoM ke vizeSa ullekha kI maiM abhI AvazyakatA nahIM smjhtaa| sirpha itanA hI kaha denA ucita hogA ki himavanta - therAvalI ke kalpaka ne khAravela ke lekhavAlI jo kitAba hamArI (prAcIna jainalekhasaMgraha, prathama bhAga ) chapAI huI hai aura jisameM paM0 bhagavAnalAla indra jI ke par3he hue lekha kA pATha aura vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, usI kitAba ko par3ha kara usa para se yaha therAvalI kA varNana banA liyA hai| usa kalpaka ko zrI jAyasavAla jI ke pATha kI koI kalpanA nahIM huI thI, isaliye usa kalpaka 131. 'anekAnta'/ varSa 1 / kiraNa 6-7 / vaizAkha - jyeSTha, vIra ni.saM. 2456 / pRSTha 351-352 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 7 / pra02 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 553 kI therAvalI apa-Tu-DeTa nahIM bana skii| khaira / aisI rIti hamAre yahA~ bahuta prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai, isase isameM hameM koI Azcarya pAne kI bAta nhiiN| 44 'Apa jAna kara prasanna hoMge ki khAravela ke lekha kA punarvAcana hama donoM - maiM aura vidyAvAridhi jAyasavAla jI - sAtha mila kara, hAla meM phira yahA~ para bahuta parizrama ke sAtha kara rahe haiM / yahA~ para paTane ke myUjiyama meM isa lekha ke saba sAdhana upasthita haiN| sarakAra ke ArkiolAjikala DipArTameMTa kI tarapha se Aja taka jo-jo prayatna isa lekha ke saMzodhana aura saMrakSaNa kI dRSTi se kiye gaye, una saba kA phalasvarUpa sAhitya yahA~ para surakSita hai| zrImAn jAyasavAla jI kI apane hAtha se lI huI lekha kI asalI chApeM, aura purAvidoM kI lI huI pratikRtiyA~ aura vilAyatI miTTI para liyA huA amUlya kAsTa ityAdi saba sAdhanoM ko sAmane rakhakara pATha kI vAcanA kI jA rahI hai| roja 4-5 ghaMTe maiM, jAyasavAla jI aura kamaira myUjiyama ke kyureTara rAyasAhiba ghoSa khar3e pairoM khAravela kI isa mahAlipi ke eka-eka akSara ko bahuta tattvAvadhAna ke sAtha par3ha rahe haiN| eka-eka paMkti ko par3hane meM koI 2-3 ghaMTe lagate haiM aura kisI-kisI akSara para pUrA sAmAyika bhI kara liyA jAtA hai / merA irAdA hai ki yahA~ para lekha kI jo sAmagrI prastuta hai, use pUrA kara phira khaMDagiri para jA kara nizcita kiye hue pATha ko pratyakSa zilAkSaroM se bhI milAna kara liyA jaay| isake liye khAsa taura para gavarnameMTa ko likhA jAyagA aura phira gavarnameMTa ke prabaMdha se vahA~ para jAyA jAyagA / zilA para par3hane ke liye bar3I kaThinAI hai aura bahuta beDhaba jagaha para yaha lekha khudA huA kahate haiM / zrIyuta jAyasavAla jI koI 12 varSa se isa lekha para parizrama kara rahe haiM aura usI parizrama kA yaha phala hai ki Aja hama isa lekha ke rahasya aura mahattva ko isa taraha vAstavika rUpa meM samajhane ke liye utsuka ho rahe haiN| " isake sAtha meM zrI jAyasavAla jI kA noTa hai| vaha ' anekAnta' meM chapane ke liye bhejA jA rahA hai| Apa cAheM to merI yaha ciTThI bhI chApa sakate haiM / ' anekAnta' sundara aura sAttvika rUpa meM prakAzita ho rahA hai, jo isake nAma ko sarvathA sArthaka banA rahA hai / lauTate hue yadi maukA milA to milane kI pUrI icchA to hai hI / For Personal & Private Use Only bhavadIya jinavijaya "

Page #750
554 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra02 6.7. 'anekAnta' meM prakAzanArtha preSita zrI jAyasavAla jI kA noTa cakravartI khAravela aura himavanta-therAvalI132 lekhaka : zrI0 kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAla "muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne satyagaveSaNAbuddhi se gujarAtI himavanta-therAvalI se khAravela kA itihAsa diyaa| isameM sAmpradAyika AkSepa kI koI jagaha nahIM hai, jaisA ki 'anekAnta' ke sampAdaka jI ne vivecanA kara dI hai| "mere mana meM himavanta-therAvalI ke viSaya meM bahuta sandeha paidA huaa| zrI0 kalyANavijaya jI ke dekhane meM yaha mUla pustaka abhI nahIM AI hai| para jisa bhANDAra meM yaha pothI hai, vahA~ se mere zraddheya mitra muni jinavijaya jI ke pAsa A gaI hai| unhoMne pothI meM khAravela viSayaka aMza prakSipta paayaa| isa samaya muni jI paTane meM hI haiN| ataH khAravela kA itihAsa therAvalI meM prAmANika nahIM, prakSipta, Adhunika aura kalpita hai| "muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ke lekha (anekAnta pR0 142) se 'yApajJApaka' zabda kA artha sApha ho gayA, jisakI khoja mujhe bahuta dinoM se thii| kaI varSoM ke adhyayana se yApajAvaka pATha nizcita kiyA gayA thaa| para artha kA patA nahIM lagatA thaa| maiM munijI kA bahuta anugRhIta huuN| caitra zu. 11, vI0 24561133 isa prakAra mahArAja khAravela ko zvetAmbara siddha karane kA yaha prayAsa bhI viphala ho gyaa| khAravela ke digambara hone kA spaSTa pramANa yaha hai ki khaNDagiri-udayagiri, jahA~ rAjA khAravela ne hAthIgumphA Adi guphAe~ banavAI thIM, paramparA se digambarajaina tIrtha rahA hai aura una guphAoM meM jitanI bhI jinapratimAe~ utkIrNa huI haiM, saba nagna haiN| 132. 'anekAnta' / varSa 1 / kiraNa 6-7 / vaizAkha-jyeSTha, vIra ni0 saM0 2456 / pRSTha 352 / 133. "vIranirvANa saMvat ke isa ullekha para se, aura bhI lekhaka mahodaya ke hAla ke patroM meM isI saMvat ko likhA dekha kara, aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki 'anekAnta' kI 1 lI kiraNa meM 'mahAvIra kA samaya' zIrSaka ke nIce jo isa saMvat kI yathArthatA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai, use aba jAyasavAla jI ne bhI svIkAra kara liyA hai aura isI se Apa apane patrAdikoM meM usakA vyavahAra karane lage haiN| acchA ho yadi jAyasavAla jI isa viSaya meM apanA koI spaSTa noTa dene kI kRpA kreN|" smpaadk| For Personal & Private Use Only

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tRtIya prakaraNa yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrvanAma mUlasaMgha nahIM 'mUlasaMgha' nirgranthasaMgha kA nAmAntara ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI nirgranthasaMgha (vartamAna digambarajaina-saMgha) aura mUlasaMgha paryAya-vAcI haiN| antara kevala yaha hai ki 'nirgranthasaMgha' nAma to nirgrantha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga se calA A rahA hai, kintu usakA 'mUlasaMgha' nAma taba par3A, jaba usase muniyoM ke eka varga ne alaga hokara zvetapaTasaMgha kI sthApanA kara lii| zilAlekhoM meM 'mUlasaMgha' nAma kA sabase prAcIna ullekha 370 I0 aura 425 I0 ke noNamaMgala-tAmrapatralekhoM meM milatA hai| ve isa prakAra haiM 1. "zrImatA mAdhavavarmA-mahAdhirAjena AtmanaH zreyase --- AcAryyavIradevasya - --upadezanAt mRdukottUraviSaye pebbolal-grAme arhadAyatanAya mUlasaMdhAnuSThitAya mahAtaTAkasya adhastAt dvAdazakhaNDukAvApamAtrakSetraM ca toTTakSetraM ca paTukSetraM ca kumArapuragrAmazca --- dttH|" (noNamaMgala-tAmrapaTTikAlekha/ kra. 90/370 I./ jai. zi. saM./ mA. ca./ bhaa.2)| anuvAda-"zrImAn mAdhavavarmA mahAdhirAja (dvitIya) ne apane kalyANa ke lie AcArya vIradeva ke upadeza se mRdukottUra-pradeza ke pebbolal grAma meM mUlasaMgha dvArA pratiSThApita jinAlaya ko dvAdaza khaNDukAvApa-pramANa kSetra (bhUmi), toTTakSetra, paTukSetra tathA kumArapura grAma dAna kiyaa|" ..2. "zrImatA koGgaNivarma-dharma-mahAdhirAjena AtmanaH zreyase --- svopAdhyAyasya paramAhatasya vijayakIrteH --- upadezataH candranandyAcArya-pramukhena mUlasaMghenAnuSThitAya uranUrArhatAyatanAya korikundaviSaye vennailkaranigrAmaH --- dttH|" (noNamaMgala-tAmrapaTTikAlekha / kra. 94/425 I./jai. zi. saM./ mA. ca./bhA 2) / anuvAda-"zrImAn koGgaNivarmA mahAdhirAja (dvitIya) ne AtmakalyANa ke lie apane guru parama jinabhakta vijayakIrti ke upadeza se candranandI Adi AcArya-pradhAna mUlasaMgha dvArA pratiSThApita uranUra ke jinAlaya ko korikunda-pradeza meM vennailkarani grAma pradAna kiyaa|" ina abhilekhoM se prakaTa hai ki ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI nirgranthasaMgha (vartamAna digambara jainasaMgha) kA paryAyavAcI 'mUlasaMgha' zabda 370 I0 ke pUrva se pracalita thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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556 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra03 ___ muni kalyANavijaya jI evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA mata kintu zvetAmbaramuni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne digambarajaina-paramparA ko arvAcIna siddha karane ke lie yaha kathA gar3hI hai ki usakI sthApanA AcArya kundakunda ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM kI thii| 370 I0 ke uparyukta tAmrapatralekha meM mUlasaMgha kA ullekha milane se unakI yaha kathA managaDhanta siddha ho jAtI hai| isalie unhoMne isakI managaDhantatA para AvaraNa DAlane ke lie eka dUsarI yaha kathA gar3hI hai ki mUlasaMgha digambarasaMgha kA nAma nahIM thA, apitu yApanIyasaMgha kA nAma thaa| dvitIya adhyAya meM muni kalyANavijaya jI kA vaha vaktavya uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, jisameM unhoMne kalpanA kI hai ki boTika zivabhUti ne uttarabhArata meM apane sampradAya kA nAma 'mUlasaMgha' rakhA thA, para dakSiNa meM jAne para vaha 'yApanIya' nAma se prasiddha huaa| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI muni jI kI isa kapolakalpanA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, kintu unhoMne mAnA hai ki zivabhUti ne uttarabhArata meM apane sampradAya kA nAma mUlagaNa rakhA thA, kintu dakSiNa meM pahu~cane para pahale vaha mUlasaMgha nAma se prasiddha huA, pazcAt use yApanIya nAma milaa| mAnya vidvAn ne yApanIyasaMgha ko mUlasaMgha siddha karane ke lie jo hetu prastuta kiye haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM "mUlasaMgha prArambha meM kisa paramparA se sambaddha thA aura kaba dUsarI paramparAoM ne usase apanA sambandha jor3anA prArambha kiyA, ise samajhane ke liye hameM sarvaprathama mUlasaMgha ke itihAsa ko jAnanA hogaa| sarvaprathama hameM dakSiNa bhArata meM noNamaMgala kI tAmrapaTTikAoM para mUlasaMdhAnuSThitAya evaM mUlasaMghenAnuSThitAya aise ullekha milate hai| ye donoM tAmrapaTTikAyeM kramazaH lagabhaga IsvI san 370 aura I0 san 425 kI mAnI jAtI haiN| kintu inameM nirgrantha, kUrcaka, yApanIya yA zvetapaTa Adi ke nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM hone se prathama dRSTi meM yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai ki isa mUlasaMgha kA sambandha unameM se kisa dhArA se thaa| dakSiNa bhArata ke devagiri aura halsI ke abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki IsA kI pA~cavI zatI ke uttarArdha meM dakSiNa bhArata meM nirgrantha, yApanIya, kUrcaka aura zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha kA astitva thaa| kintu mUlasaMgha kA ullekha to hameM IsA kI caturtha zatI ke uttarArdha meM mila jAtA hai, ataH abhilekhIya AdhAra para mUlasaMgha kA astitva yApanIya, kUrcaka Adi nAmoM ke pUrva kA hai| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki dakSiNa meM inameM se nirgranthasaMgha prAcIna hai aura yApanIya, kUrcaka, zvetapaTa Adi saMgha paravartI haiM, phira bhI merI dRSTi meM nirgranthasaMgha ko mUlasaMgha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| dakSiNa bhArata kA yaha nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha bhadrabAhu (prathama) For Personal & Private Use Only

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yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 557 a0 7 / pra0 3 kI paramparA ke una acela zramaNoM kA saMgha thA jo IsApUrva tIsarI zatI meM bihAra se ur3IsA ke rAste laMkA aura tamilapradeza meM pahu~ce the| usa samaya uttara bhArata meM jainasaMgha isI nAma se jAnA jAtA thA aura usameM gaNa, zAkhA kA vibhAjana nahIM huA thA, ataH ye zramaNa bhI apane ko isI 'nirgrantha' nAma se abhihita karate rahe / punaH unheM apane ko mUlasaMghI kahane kI koI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM thI, kyoMki vahA~ taba unakA koI pratidvandvI bhI nahIM thA / yaha nirgranthasaMgha yApanIya, kUrcaka aura zvetapaTa saMgha se pRthak thA, yaha tathya bhI halsI aura devagiri ke abhilekhoM se siddha hai, kyoMki inameM use inase pRthak dikhalAyA gayA hai aura taba taka isakA nirgranthasaMgha nAma supracalita thA / punaH jaba lagabhaga 100 varSa ke pazcAt ke abhilekhoM meM bhI yaha nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se hI suprasiddha hai, to pUrva meM yaha apane ko 'mUlasaMgha' kahatA hogA, yaha kalpanA nirAdhAra hai| "apane ko mUlasaMgha kahane kI AvazyakatA usI paramparA ko ho sakatI hai, jisameM koI vibhAjana huA ho, jo dUsare ko nirmUla yA nirAdhAra batAnA cAhatI ho, yaha bAta paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne bhI svIkAra kI hai| yaha vibhAjana kI ghaTanA uttara bhArata meM taba ghaTita huI, jaba lagabhaga IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM uttara bhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha acela aura sacela dhArA meM vibhakta huaa| sAtha hI usakI acela dhArA ko apane liye eka naye nAma kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| usa samaya taka uttara bhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha aneka gaNoM, zAkhAoM aura kuloM meM vibhakta thA, yaha tathya mathurA ke aneka abhilekhoM se aura kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI se siddha hai| ataH sambhAvanA yahI hai ki uttara bhArata kI isa aceladhArA ne apanI pahacAna ke liye 'mUlagaNa' nAma cunA ho, kyoMki isa dhArA ko boTika aura yApanIya ye donoM hI nAma dUsaroM ke dvArA hI diye gaye haiM, jahA~ zvetAmbaroM arthAt uttara bhArata kI saceladhArA ne unheM boTika kahA, vahIM digambaroM arthAt dakSiNa bhArata kI nirgrantha aceladhArA ne unheM yApanIya khaa| DaoN0 gulAbacanda caudharI ne jo yaha kalpanA kI, ki dakSiNa meM nirgranthasaMgha kI sthApanA bhadrabAhu dvitIya ne kI (jai. zi. saM/ mA. ca. / bhA. 3 / prastA./ pR. 23) mujhe nirAdhAra pratIta hotI hai, dakSiNa bhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha to bhadrabAhu - prathama kI paramparA kA pratinidhi hai, cAhe bhadrabAhu prathama dakSiNa gaye hoM, yA nahIM gaye hoM, kintu unakI paramparA IsA pU0 tIsarI zatI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM pahu~ca cukI thI, isake aneka pramANa bhI haiN| bhadrabAhu prathama ke pazcAt lagabhaga dvitIya zatI meM eka Aryabhadra hue haiM, jo niryuktiyoM ke kartA the aura sambhavataH ye uttara bhArata ke acela pakSa ke samarthaka rahe the, unake nAma se bhadrAnvaya pracalita huA, jisakA ullekha udayagiri (vidizA) meM milatA hai| merI dRSTi meM mUlagaNa, bhadrAnvaya, Aryakula Adi For Personal & Private Use Only

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558 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra03 kA sambandha isI uttara bhArata kI aceladhArA se hai, jo Age calakara yApanIya nAma se prasiddha huii| dakSiNa meM pahu~cane para yaha dhArA apane ko mUlagaNa yA mUlasaMgha kahane lgii| yaha Age calakara zrIvRkSamUlagaNa, punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa, kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa Adi aneka gaNoM meM vibhakta huI, phira bhI sabane apane sAtha mUlagaNa zabda kAyama rkhaa| jaba ina vibhinna mUlagaNoM ko koI eka saMyukta nAma dene kA prazna AyA, to unheM mUlasaMgha kahA gyaa| kaI gaNoM dvArA paravartIkAla meM saMgha nAma dhAraNa karane ke aneka pramANa abhilekhoM meM upalabdha haiN| punaH yApanIya granthoM ke sAtha lagA huA 'mUla' vizeSaNa jaise mUlAcAra, mUlArAdhanA Adi bhI isI tathya kA sUcaka hai ki 'mUlasaMgha' zabda kA sambandha yApanIyoM se rahA hai| ataH noNamaMgala kI tAmrapaTTikAoM meM ullikhita mUlasaMgha yApanIyaparamparA kA hI pUrvarUpa hai| uttara bhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha kI yaha dhArA jaba pahale dakSiNa bhArata meM pahuMcI to mUlasaMgha ke nAma se abhihita huI aura usake lagabhaga 100 varSa pazcAt ise yApanIya nAma milaa| hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki use yApanIya nAma milate hI abhilekhoM se mUlasaMgha nAma lupta ho jAtA hai aura lagabhaga cAra sau pacAsa varSoM taka hameM mUlasaMgha kA kahIM koI bhI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| noNamaMgala kI I0 san 425 kI tAmra-paTTikAoM ke pazcAt konnUra ke I0 san 860 ke abhilekha meM punaH mUlasaMgha kA ullekha dezIyagaNa ke sAtha milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki isa abhilekha meM mUlasaMgha ke sAtha dezIyagaNa aura pustakagaccha kA ullekha hai, kintu kundakundAnvaya kA ullekha nahIM hai| jJAtavya hai ki pahale yaha lekha tAmrapaTTikA para thA, bAda meM 12 vIM zatI meM isameM kucha aMza jor3akara patthara para aMkita karavAyA gayA, isa jur3e hue aMza meM hI kundakundAnvaya kA ullekha hai| isake do sau varSa pazcAt se yApanIyagaNa aura drAvir3a Adi anya gaNa sabhI apane ko mUlasaMghIya kahate pratIta hote haiN|" (DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha / pR0 632-633) / yApanIyasaMgha mUlasaMgha nahIM : isake pramANa 1. ukta donoM mahAnubhAvoM ne aisA eka bhI sAhityika yA zilAlekhIya pramANa prastuta nahIM kiyA, jisase yaha siddha hotA ho ki zivabhUti ne sacelAcela-muktivAdI sampradAya calAyA thA aura usI kA nAma pahale 'mUlasaMgha' thA aura bAda meM yApanIya nAma pdd'aa| yaha bAta unhoMne apane mana se hI kalpita kara lI hai| ___ dvitIya adhyAya meM aneka pramANoM aura yuktiyoM se siddha kiyA gayA hai ki boTika zivabhUti ne kisI naye mata kA pravartana nahIM kiyA thA, apitu vaha zvetAmbaramata chor3akara savastramukti, strImukti evaM kevalibhukti ke virodhI paramparAgata digambaramata For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra03 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 559 (mUlasaMgha yA ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI nirgranthasaMgha) kA anuyAyI bana gayA thaa| isalie jaba usane kisI naye mata kA pravartana hI nahIM kiyA thA, taba usake 'mUlasaMgha' yA 'yApanIyasaMgha' ke nAma se prasiddha hone kI bAta karanA bandhyAputra ke nAma para vivAda karanA hai| ___ yApanIyasaMgha kA udaya dakSiNa meM hI huA thA, yaha pUrva meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| ataH usake uttara se dakSiNa meM jAne kI avadhAraNA nirasta ho jAtI hai| ataH yaha avadhAraNA bhI nirasta ho jAtI hai ki dakSiNa meM jAne para vaha kramazaH mUlasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke abhilekhoM meM yApanIyasaMgha nAma hI milatA hai| isase siddha hai ki isa samaya taka vaha isI nAma se prasiddha thaa| 2. DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki "apane ko mUlasaMgha kahane kI AvazyakatA usI paramparA ko ho sakatI hai, jisameM koI vibhAjana huA ho|" (dekhiye, pUrvazIrSaka 2) hama dekhate haiM ki yApanIyasaMgha meM koI vibhAjana nahIM huA, ataH usase kisI naye saMgha kI utpatti nahIM huI, isalie use svayaM ko mUlasaMgha kahane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thii| yApanIyasaMgha kA udbhava zvetAmbara-sampradAya se huA thA, ataH yApanIyasaMgha kI dRSTi se zvetAmbarasaMgha mUlasaMgha kahalA sakatA thaa| kintu DaoNkTara sA0 kI mAnyatA hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM saMgha uttarabhAratIya sacelAcelamuktivAdI nirgranthasaMgha se nikale haiM, ataH unake anusAra zvetAmbarasaMgha bhI mUlasaMgha nahIM kahalA sktaa| hA~ donoM ko janma dene vAlA uparyukta sacelAcela nirgranthasaMgha mUlasaMgha kahalA sakatA thA, kintu vaisA koI saMgha thA hI nahIM, yaha dvitIya adhyAya meM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| isa prakAra siddha hai ki Arambha meM na to yApanIyasaMgha mUlasaMgha kahalAtA thA, na zvetAmbarasaMgha, na hI donoM kA tathAkathita janmadAtA kapolakalpita scelaacel-nirgrnthsNgh| 3. 'digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda kA itihAsa' nAmaka adhyAya meM sapramANa siddha kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA praNIta ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI-nirgranthasaMgha kA vibhAjana antima anubaddha kevalI jambU svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI ho gayA thA, jisase ekAnta-sacelamArgI naye saMgha kI utpatti huI, jo 'zvetapaTazramaNasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha huaa| isa naye saMgha kI utpatti se purAne saMgha ko mUlasaMgha kahane kI AvazyakatA ho gii| jaba IsApUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke samaya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu apane bAraha hajAra ziSyoM ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata gaye, taba unake nirgranthazramaNasaMgha ke sAtha mUlasaMgha vizeSaNa jur3a cukA thaa| ataH dakSiNa bhArata ke zilAlekhoM aura tAmrapatroM meM unake saMgha ke lie nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha aura mUlasaMgha donoM nAmoM kA prayoga For Personal & Private Use Only

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560 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra03 yuktisaMgata hai| eka hI saMgha ke do nAmoM kA honA asaMbhava nahIM hai| yApanIyasaMgha kA bhI anya nAma gopyasaMgha thaa| 4. sacelAcela-muktivAdI jainasaMgha ko 'yApanIya' nAma digambaroM (dakSiNabhArata kI nirgrantha aceladhArA) ne diyA thA, isakA ullekha digambara, zvetAmbara, vaidika aura bauddha kisI bhI sampradAya ke sAhitya meM nahIM hai, na kisI zilAlekha meM hai| ataH ise digambaroM ke dvArA diyA gayA kahanA kapolakalpanA mAtra hai| koI bhI dhArmika sampradAya apane nAma ke lie dUsaroM kA mohatAja nahIM hotaa| vaha svayaM hI apane sampradAya kI saiddhAntika viziSTatA prakaTa karane ke lie gahana cintana-manana ke bAda atyanta upayukta nAma cunatA hai| dUsare loga IrSyA yA dveSavaza use kisI bhI nAma se pukAreM, para vaha apanI pahacAna apane hI dvArA nirdhArita kiye gaye nAma se karAtA hai| 'yApanIyasaMgha' nAma rAjakIya zilAlekhoM yA tAmrapatroM meM milatA hai, aura pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana jaise vaiyAkaraNa ne apane lie yApanIya-yatigrAmAgraNI vizeSaNa kA prayoga kara apanA mahattva prakaTa kiyA hai, isase spaSTa hai ki yApanIyoM ne yaha nAma apane lie bahuta socasamajhakara cunA thA aura isa nAma se hI apane saMgha ko prasiddha kiyA thaa| ataH ise digambaroM dvArA diyA gayA mAnanA sarvathA asaMgata pralApa hai| yApanIya nAma pracalita hone ke viSaya meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne muni kalyANavijaya jI kA paTTAvalIsArasaMgraha (pR.91) meM vyakta nimnalikhita mata uddhRta kiyA hai-"yApanIya nAma par3ane kA khAsa kAraNa unake guruvandana meM AnevAlA jAvaNijjAe zabda hai| nirgrantha zramaNa apane bar3eroM (jyeSTha) ko vandana karate samaya nimnalikhita pATha bolate haiM "icchAmi khamAsamaNo ! vaMdiuM jAvaNijjAe nisIhaAe, aNujANaha me mi uggahaM nisiihi|" "arthAt maiM cAhatA hU~ , he pUjya! vandana karane ko zarIra kI zakti ke anusaar| isa samaya maiM dUsare kAryoM kI tarapha se dhyAna rokatA hU~, mujhe AjJA dIjiye, parimita sthAna meM Ane kii| "uparyukta vandanakasUtra meM AnevAle jAvaNijjAe-'yApanIya' zabda ke bArambAra uccAraNa karane ke kAraNa logoM meM unakI yApanIya nAma se prakhyAti ho gii|" (jai.dha.yA.saM.! pR.5-6)| isake bAda DaoNkTara sA0 ne anya vicArakoM ke matoM ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| tadanantara ve apane mata ko ina zabdoM meM vyakta karate haiM-"saMbhavataH jisa prakAra uttarabhArata meM zvetAmbaroM ne isa paramparA ko apane sAmpradAyika durabhinivezavaza 'boTika' arthAt bhraSTa yA patita kahA, usI prakAra dakSiNa meM digambara-paramparA ne bhI unheM unake For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 7 / pra0 3 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 561 suvidhAvAdI jIvana ke AdhAra para athavA unheM tiraskRta mAnakara 'yApanIya' kahA ho|" (jai. dha. yA. saM./pR. 7) / tatpazcAt apane kathana kA upasaMhAra karate hue DaoNkTara sA0 likhate haiM " isa prakAra hamane yahA~ yApanIya zabda kI sambhAvita vibhinna vyAkhyAoM ko prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kintu Aja spaSTa pramANoM ke abhAva meM yaha batA pAnA to kaThina hai ki ina vividha vikalpoM meM kisa AdhAra para isa varga ko yApanIya kahA gayA thaa| phira bhI kalyANavijaya jI kI mAnyatA yuktisaMgata hai|" (jai. dha. yA. saM./ pR. 7) / isa prakAra DaoNkTara sA0 ne svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai ki zvetAmbaroM dvArA 'boTika' aura digambaroM dvArA 'yApanIya' nAma diye jAne ke pakSa meM pramANa kA abhAva hai aura unhoMne muni kalyANavijaya jI ke mata ko yuktisaMgata mAnA hai| isase siddha hai ki yApanIyoM ne apane saMgha kA 'yApanIyasaMgha' nAma svayaM rakhA thA / ataH 'boTika' aura 'yApanIya' nAma dUsaroM ke dvArA diye hue haiM aura 'mUlagaNa' nAma svayaM yApanIyoM ke dvArA rakhA gayA hai, yaha kathana ayuktiyukta siddha ho jAtA hai| tathA yApanIyoM ne AraMbha meM apanA nAma mUlagaNa rakhA thA, yaha kathana kisI sAhityika yA zilAlekhIya pramANa se bhI samarthita nahIM hai| isake atirikta gaNa to saMgha kA aMga hotA hai, ataH yApanIyoM ne apane saMgha ko 'gaNa' kahA hogA, yaha mAnanA bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / punaH usake sAtha 'mUla' zabda lagAne kA bhI koI aucitya nahIM hai, kyoMki usase kisI anya saMgha yA gaNa kI utpatti nahIM huI thI, jisase apanI maulikatA sUcita karane ke lie use apane sAtha 'mUla' zabda jor3anA Avazyaka hotaa| ye yuktiyA~ isa niSkarSa para pahu~cAtI haiM ki yApanIyoM ne apane saMgha kA nAma mUlagaNa nahIM, apitu 'yApanIya' hI rakhA thA / 5. muni kalyANavijaya jI ne likhA hai ki zivabhUti ne apane sampradAya kA nAma mUlasaMgha rakhA thA, kintu dakSiNa meM jAne para vaha yApanIya nAma se prasiddha huA / (zra.bha.ma. / pR. 301, 327) / muni jI kI isa kalpanA se yahI siddha hotA hai ki jaba yApanIyasaMgha dakSiNa meM 'yApanIya' nAma se hI jAnA jAtA thA, taba dakSiNa ke zilAlekhoM meM usakA ullekha 'yApanIya' nAma se hI ho sakatA thA, 'mUlasaMgha' nAma se nahIM / ataH dakSiNa ke jina zilAlekhoM meM kevala 'mUlasaMgha' nAma ullikhita hai, vaha ekAntaacelamuktivAdI nirgranthasaMgha kA hI ullekha hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne jo yaha kalpanA kI hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kA 'mUlasaMgha' nAma bhI dakSiNa meM jAne para hI pracalita huA, vaha isalie kI hai, jisase yaha siddha For Personal & Private Use Only

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562 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra03 kiyA jA sake ki dakSiNa ke jina zilAlekhoM meM 'mUlasaMgha' nAma AyA hai vaha yApanIyasaMgha kA hI pUrvanAma hai| kintu yApanIyasaMgha kA mUlasaMgha nAma dakSiNa meM jAne para pracalita huA, isakA samarthana kisI sAhityika yA zilAlekhIya pramANa se nahIM hotaa| ataH yaha zuddha kapolakalpanA hai| dUsarI bAta, DaoNkTara sA0 ne mAnA hai ki dakSiNa meM yApanIya saMgha ke 'mUlasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha hone ke sau varSa bAda use 'yApanIya' nAma milaa| DaoNkTara sA0 ne 'boTika' nAma se yApanIya-sampradAya kI utpatti vIra ni0 saM0 609 (I0 san 82)meM mAnI hai| aura mUlasaMgha kA prathama ullekha noNamaMgala kI 370 I0 kI tAmrapaTTikA meM tathA yApanIyasaMgha kA prathama ullekha 470 I0 ke mRgezavarmA ke zilAlekha meM milatA hai| yadi 'mUlasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha hone ke lie pacAsa varSa kA samaya Avazyaka mAna liyA jAya, to yApanIyasaMgha ke dakSiNa meM pahu~cane kA samaya 320 I0 ke lagabhaga phalita hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki kama se kama do DhAI sau varSa taka yaha saMgha uttara bhArata meM rhaa| itane samaya taka vaha vahA~ kisa nAma se prasiddha rahA, isake bAre meM DaoNkTara sA0 ne kevala saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai| ve kahate haiM ki uttarabhArata meM usane apane ko tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke mUla AcAramArga kA anusaraNa karane ke kAraNa 'mUlagaNa' kahA hogaa|134 saMbhAvanA vyakta karane se hI siddha hai ki unake pAsa isakA koI pramANa nahIM hai, vastutaH 'mUlagaNa' nAma ke kisI sampradAya kA ullekha na to zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM haiM, na digambarasAhitya meM, na yApanIyasAhitya meM, na vaidika-bauddhasAhitya meM aura na kisI zilAlekha meM, isalie kisI pramANa ke milane kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM hai| 'mUlagaNa' yApanIyasampradAya ke eka 'gaNa' kA nAma avazya thA, kintu usakA sarvaprathama ullekha yApanIya-nandisaMgha ke sAtha 776 I0 ke devarahalli-abhilekha meM huA hai tathA yApanIya-nandisaMgha kA nAma bhI sabase pahale isI zilAlekha meM AyA hai|35 ataH 320 I0 ke pUrva yApanIyasaMgha ke 'mUlagaNa' nAma se prasiddha hone kA pramANa na to sAhitya meM upalabdha hai, na zilAlekhoM meN| yaha isa bAta kA sabUta hai ki uttarabhArata meM yApanIyasampradAya kI utpatti hI nahIM huI thI, anyathA uttarabhArata meM usakA koI na koI nAma lokaprasiddha hotaa| isalie yaha kathana hI asaMgata hai ki "dakSiNa meM pahu~cane para yApanIyasaMgha pahale 'mUlasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha huA aura usake sau varSa bAda 'yApanIyasaMgha' nAma se|" uparyukta pramANa 134. jai. dha. yA. sa./ pR.45 tathA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha / pR.632|| 135. "zrImUla-mUlagaNAbhinanditanandisaGghAnvaye eregittUrnAmni gaNe pulikalgacche --- / " le. kra. 121/ jai. zi. saM. / mA.ca. / bhaa.2| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra03 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 563 se yahI siddha hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kI utpatti dakSiNa bhArata meM hI huI thI aura vaha AraMbha se hI 'yApanIya' nAma se prasiddha huA thaa| 6. yApanIyasampradAya ke utpattikAla ke viSaya meM apane pUrvokta mata ko badalakara ukta vidvAn ne apane grantha meM eka nahIM, aneka sthAnoM para likhA hai ki yApanIyasampradAya kI utpatti pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 meM huI thI, kyoMki isI samaya ke zilAlekhoM meM prathama vAra usakA nAma milatA hai| (jai.dha.yA.sa./pR.350, 357, 368, 372, 373) / maiM bhI isase sahamata huuN| zilAlekhoM meM nAma Ane yogya prasiddhi prApta karane ke lie kama se kama 50 varSa kA samaya to Avazyaka mAnA hI jAnA caahie| isake anusAra yApanIyasaMgha kA janma zilAlekha ke samaya 470 I0 se 50 varSa pUrva arthAt 420 I0 meM mAnA jAnA caahie| kintu mUlasaMgha kA ullekha karanevAlI noNamaMgala kI tAmrapaTTikAoM kA samaya 370 I0 tathA 425 I0 hai| isa kAlagata pUrvAparatA se spaSTa hai ki ina tAmrapaTTikAoM meM ullikhita mUlasaMgha yApanIyasaMgha nahIM ho sktaa| ataH vaha ekAnta-acelamuktivAdI nirgrantha (digambara) saMgha kA hI nAmAntara hai| 7. zilAlekhoM meM 'zrImUlasaMghada po (pu) nnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' tathA 'zrImUlasaMghAnvayakrANUgaNa' ina ullekhoM ko dekhakara DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne mAnA hai ki ye gaNa yApanIyoM ke haiM tathA mUlasaMgha ke sAtha unakA ullekha huA hai, isase siddha hai ki mUlasaMgha yApanIyasaMgha kA hI nAma thaa|36 kintu yaha unakI ekAntadRSTi kA niSkarSa hai| vastutaH punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa yApanIyasaMgha aura mUlasaMgha donoM meM thaa| isI prakAra nandisaMgha bhI donoM meM thaa| inameM bheda pradarzita karane ke lie yApanIyasaMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa evaM nandisaMgha ke sAtha 'yApanIya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai tathA mUlasaMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa evaM nandisaMgha ke sAtha 'mUlasaMgha' kaa| yathA ka-'zrImUlasaMghada po (pu) naagvRkssmuulgnnd|' (honnUralekha / 1108 ii0)|137 kh-shriiyaapniiy-nndisNgh-punnaagvRkssmuulgnne--|' (kaDaba-dAnapAtra/ 812 ii0)|138 ga-'zrIyApanIyasaMghada punnAgavRkSamUlagaNada --- / ' (hUli-lekha/1044 ii0)|139 inake atirikta 1165 I0 ke ekasambi (belagA~va, maisUra) lekha,140 1020 136. DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha / pRSTha 632 / 137. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha / mANikacandra / bhAga 2 / lekha kramAMka 250 / / 138. vahI / lekha kramAMka 124 / / 139. jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha / bhAratIya jJAnapITha / bhAga 4 / lekha kramAMka 130 / 140. vahI / lekha kramAMka 259 / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #760
564 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra03 I0 ke raDhavag-lekha,141 13 vIM zatAbdI I0 ke kolhApura ke maMgalavAra-peThasthita mandira ke lekha142 Adi aneka abhilekhoM meM yApanIya-punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ullekha hai| ___ isa prakAra yApanIyasaMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke sAtha sarvatra 'yApanIya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isase siddha hai ki mUlasaMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke sAtha 'yApanIya' zabda kA prayoga na hone se vaha yApanIyasaMgha kA punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa nahIM hai, apitu mUlasaMgha kA punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mUlasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha alaga-alaga saMgha the| eka bAta aura dhyAna dene yogya hai| punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke sAtha 'mUlasaMgha' zabda kA prayoga sabase pahale 1108 I0 ke honnUra-lekha meM kiyA gayA hai| kintu usake (punnAgavRkSa-mUlagaNa ke) sAtha 'yApanIya' zabda kA prayoga usake pUrva (812 I0) ke kar3aba-dAnapatra meM bhI milatA hai aura usake bAda (1020, 1044, 1165 I0) ke aneka dAnapatroM meM bhii| isase siddha hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha 'yApanIya' nAma se hI avicchinnarUpa se prasiddha rahA hai| yadi san 1108 I0 meM usakA nAma mUlasaMgha ho gayA hotA, to usake bAda se punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke sAtha 'mUlasaMgha' zabda kA hI prayoga milatA, 'yApanIya' zabda kA nhiiN| yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 se 812 I0 taka vaha yApanIyasaMgha nAma se prasiddha rahA ho, phira bIca meM acAnaka pacAsa varSoM ke lie usakA mUlasaMgha nAma cala par3A ho, pazcAt usane punaH 'yApanIya' ma dhAraNa kara liyA ho| yaha bAra-bAra akAraNa nAma badalane kI kalpanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| isalie yahI siddha hotA hai ki mUlasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha alaga-alaga saMgha the aura punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa mUlasaMgha meM bhI thA aura yApanIya saMgha meM bhii| DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne bhI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM "yApanIyasaMgha kA gaNoM se vizeSa sambandha thA, jaise kumuligaNa yA kumudigaNa, (koTi) maDuvagaNa, kaNDUr yA krANUgaNa, punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa (jo mUlasaMgha se bhI saMbaMdhita hai)--- Adi aadi"|143 DaoN0 gulAbacandra jI caudharI ne 'jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha'(mA.ca.)bhAga 3 kI prastAvanA (pR.29) meM likhA hai ki "yApanIya-nandisaMgha ke kanakopalAdi gaNoM kA astitva bAda ke lekhoM se nahIM mAlUma hotA, isalie yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki unakA kyA 141. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye : 'jainasampradAya ke yApanIyasaMgha para kucha aura prakAza'/ 'anekaant'| mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka / 1975 I0/ pR.247 / 142. vahI / pR.250| 143. vahI / pR.250| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra03 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 565 huaa| para lekha naM0 250 (san 1108) meM punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ko hama mUlasaMgha ke antargata jIvita pAte haiN| saMbhava hai pIche vaha mUlasaMgha dvArA AtmasAt kara liyA gayA ho|" kintu DaoN0 caudharI kI isa prastAvanA ke likhe jAne. (1957 I0) ke bAda DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye (1973 I0) evaM pro0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara (1965 I0) ne san 1165 aura usake bAda ke kucha abhilekhoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai, jinameM yApanIyasaMgha-punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kA ullekha hai| (dekhie , prastuta adhyAya kI pA. Ti. 140-142) / isase jJAta hotA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kA punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa san 1108 I0 ke bAda bhI vidyamAna thA, vaha mUlasaMgha ke dvArA AtmasAt nahIM kiyA gayA thA, apitu mUlasaMgha kA punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa apanA alaga thaa| isa prakAra mUlasaMgha ke sAtha punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kA ullekha hone se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki yApanIyasaMgha hI mUlasaMgha thaa| __mUlasaMghIya nandisaMgha se bheda pradarzita karane ke lie yApanIyoM ne apane nandisaMgha ke sAtha bhI 'yApanIyasaMgha' vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA hai, yathA "zrIyApanIya-nandisaMgha-punnAgavRkSamUlagaNe shriikityaacaaryaanvye---|"100 krANUra yA kANUra gaNa mUlasaMgha kA hI gaNa thA jahA~ taka krANUgaNa kA sambandha hai, vaha kevala mUlasaMgha kA hI gaNa thA, yApanIyasaMgha meM krANUgaNa nahIM apitu kaNDUgaNa thA, jo kahIM-kahIM 'kANDUr' yA 'kADUr' bhI likhA gayA hai| nIce uddhRta 12vIM sadI ke lekhAMza meM yApanIyasaMgha ke sAtha kaNDUrgaNa kA hI ullekha hai-"yaapniiysNghprtiitknndduugnnaabdhicndrmreNdii---|" 145 - isake atirikta 13vIM sadI ke adaraguMci (dhAravAr3a, maisUra) ke kannar3a abhilekha meM bhI yApanIyasaMgha ke sAtha kADUgaNa kA hI nAma hai|146 kANUgaNa ke sAtha yApanIyasaMgha kA nirdeza kisI bhI abhilekha meM nahIM hai, sarvatra mUlasaMgha kA hI ullekha hai| jahA~ usake sAtha mUlasaMgha kA ullekha nahIM hai, vahA~, usakI gurvAvalI mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM se milatI hai| yathA 144. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha / mANikacandra / bhAga 2 kaDaba-lekha kra. 124 / 812 I. / 145. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha / bhAratIya jJAnapITha / bhAga 4 / hUli-lekha kra. 207 / 12vIM sadI puurvaardh| 146. vahI / adaraguMci-lekha kra. 368 / 13vIM sdii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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566 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra03 ka-"kANUragaNada --- nandibhaTTArakaruM bAlacandrabhaTTArakarUM meghacandratraividyadevalaM --- guNanandidevazabdabrahma --- prabhAcandrasiddhAntadevara --- maaghnndisiddhaant---|"147 kha-"zrImUlasaMgha-kuNDakuMdAnvaya-kANUragaNa-tiMtriNigacchada javaligeya munibhadrasiddhAntadevaraziSya ---1"148 ga-"deziyagaNada --- kANUragaNada --- / " 149 gha-"zrImUlasaMgha-koNDakundAnvaya-kANUragaNada meSapASANagacchada shriiprbhaacndrsiddhaantdevr---|" 150 Ga--"zrIkANUgaNamUlasaMgha --- pustkgcchd|" 151 c-"shriimuulsNgh-pnsogvtiiprsiddhdeshiiyviditpustkcaarugcche| yaH kunnddkuNdmunivNshllaambhuulllitkiirtimhaamuniindrH|" 15 cha-"zrImUlasaMga-kuNDakundAnvayada kANUgaNa mAdhavacandradeva --- / " 153 ja-"zrImUlasaMghada-koNDakundAnvayada krANUggaNa meSapASANagacchada --- / " 154 jha-zrImalasaMghavikhyAte messpaassaanngcchke|| krANUra-ggaNa-jinAvAso nirmitaM hemmbhuubhRtH||155 ina samasta uddharaNoM meM kANUgaNa yA krANUgaNa kA sambandha mUlasaMgha ke hI sAtha batalAyA gayA hai aura mUlasaMgha kA sambandha kundakundAnvaya, dezIyagaNa tathA pustakagaccha ke sAtha varNita hai| isase ekadama spaSTa hai ki kANUgaNa yA krANUgaNa kundakundAnvaya aura mUlasaMgha kA hI gaNa thA aura mUlasaMgha kundakunda se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa nirgranthasaMgha kA nAmAntara hai| jainazilAlekha-saMgraha (mA.ca.) bhAga 3 kI prastAvanA (pR.25) meM DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI ne evaM jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (bhA.jJA.) bhAga 4 kI prastAvanA 147. vahI / IcavADi (maisUra) lekha kra. 96 / paMkti 5-10/12 vIM sdii| 148. vahI / daDaga (mAMDayA, maisUra) lekha kra. 212 / paMkti 26 / 12vIM sadI puurvaardh| 149. vahI / paMkti 33 / 150. vahI / sAlUra (maisUra) lekha kra. 214 / paMkti 14 / san1130 / 151. vahI / bhaMgerI (maisara) lekha kra. 240 / paMkti 5 / sn1150| 152. vahI / mAvinakere (kaDUra, maisUra) lekha kra. 292 / 12 vIM sdii| 153. vahI / mAvali (maisUra) lekha kra. 312 / 12vIM sdii| 154. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha / mANikacandra / bhAga 2 / kallUraguDDa-lekha kra. 277 / pR.416 / 155. vahI / purale-lekha kra. 299 / pR.455 / 1112 ii.| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra03 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 567 (pR.4-12) meM pro0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne bhI kANUgaNa ko mUlasaMgha se hI sambaddha batalAyA hai| 155 eka bAta aura dhyAna dene yogya hai| 821 I0 ke sUrata tAmrapatra meM mUlasaMgha ke antargata senasaMgha tathA senasaMgha meM mallavAdiguru ke ziSya zrIsumatipUjyapAda tathA unake ziSya aparAjita kA astitva batalAyA gayA hai| yathA __ "mUlasaMghodayAnvaya-senasaMgha-malavAdigurozizaSya-zrIsumatipUjyapAdaH tacchiSya zrImadaparAjitaguroH --- / " 156 __ 1053 I0 ke mulagunda-(maisUra)-zilAlekha meM bhI mUlasaMgha meM senAnvaya aura senAnvaya meM ajitasena, kanakasena, narendrasena aura nayasena ke hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 157 ___ senasaMgha AcArya arhadvali ke dvArA mUlasaMgha kA vibhAjana kiye jAne para astitva meM AyA thaa| ataH mUlasaMgha ke sAtha senasaMgha kA sambandha batalAye jAne se nizcita ho jAtA hai ki mUlasaMgha nirgranthasaMgha kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| niSkarSa yaha ki kisI bhI abhilekha meM mUlasaMgha ke sAtha yApanIyasaMgha athavA usake kisI gaNa kA ullekha nahIM huA hai, jaba ki nirgranthasaMgha ke gaNoM kA ullekha mUlasaMgha ke sAtha anekatra huA hai| isase siddha hai ki noNamaMgala kI 370 I0 evaM 425 I0 kI tAmrapaTTikAoM meM ullikhita mUlasaMgha evaM usake bAda 821 I0 ke tAmrapatra tathA sabhI uttaravartI abhilekhoM meM utkIrNa 'mUlasaMgha' nirgranthasaMgha kA hI paryAyavAcI hai| ___aba maiM DaoNkTara sA0 ke hI una vacanoM ko prastuta karatA hU~, jinase mUlasaMgha ko yApanIyasaMgha siddha karane ke lie unake dvArA upasthApita samasta pUrva hetu nirasta ho jAte haiN| ve likhate haiM "satya to yaha hai ki jaba kundakundAnvaya ne mUlasaMgha ke sAtha apanA sambandha jor3akara anya saMghoM ko jainAbhAsa aura mithyAtvI ghoSita kiyA --- to pratikriyAsvarUpa dUsaroM ne bhI apane ko mUlasaMghI kahanA prArambha kara diyaa| gyArahavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM acela-paramparA ke yApanIya, dravir3a Adi aneka saMgha apane sAtha mUlasaMgha kA ullekha karane lage the, jaba ki indranandI ne ina saba ko jainAbhAsa kahA hai| isakA 156. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha / bhA.jJA./ bhAga 4/ lekha kra.55 / paMkti 45-46 / 821 ii.| 157. vahI / le.kra.138 / paMkti 22-23 zrImUlasaMghavArAzau maNInAmiva saarcissaam| mahApuruSaratnAnAM sthAnaM senaanvyo'jni|| 2 // uttrpuraannprshsti| For Personal & Private Use Only

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568 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra03 tAtparya yahI hai ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM apane ko mUlasaMghI kahane kI eka hor3a lagI huI thii|" (DaoN. sA. ma. jai. abhi. gra./pR. 632) / yadyapi yApanIya Adi jainAbhAsa-saMghoM ke sAtha mUlasaMgha vizeSaNa gyArahavIM zatAbdI I0 ke bAda ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI dekhane meM nahIM AyA, tathApi bhaviSya meM kabhI koI aisA zilAlekha mila jAya, jisameM ukta jainAbhAsa-saMghoM ke sAtha mUlasaMgha nAma prayukta ho, to usakA kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai, jo mAnya vidvAn ne apane uparyukta kathana meM batalAyA hai| isa kathana se mAnya vidvAn ne yaha svIkAra kara liyA hai ki AcArya kundakunda se jur3A mUlasaMgha hI maulika mUlasaMgha hai, anya saMghoM ne pratikriyA-svarUpa hI apane sAtha 'mUlasaMgha' nAma jor3A hai| AcArya kundakunda IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha evaM IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM hue the (dekhie, dazama adhyAya), ataH yaha svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki unake bAda san 370 I0 evaM 425 I0 kI noNamaMgala-tAmrapaTTikAoM meM ullikhita mUlasaMgha AcArya kundakunda se hI sambaddha nirgranthasaMgha hai| ___isa prakAra mAnya vidvAn ke hI vacana unakI tathA muni kalyANavijaya jI kI isa kapolakalpanA ko kapolakalpanA siddha kara dete haiM ki yApanIyasaMgha kA pUrvanAma mUlasaMgha thaa| jaba mAnya vidvAn kI kalpanA ke anusAra yApanIyasaMgha ne 11 vIM zatI I0 se apane sAtha 'mUlasaMgha' vizeSaNa jor3anA zurU kiyA, taba usakA pUrvanAma 'mUlasaMgha' kaise ho sakatA hai? yaha to paravartI nAma hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| ___mAnya vidvAn (DaoN0 sAgaramala jI) ke eka dUsare tarka se bhI mUlasaMgha ko yApanIyasaMgha siddha karanevAle unake pUrvokta tarka dharAzAyI ho jAte haiN| unakA kathana hai ki "yApanIya granthoM ke sAtha lagA huA 'mUla' vizeSaNa jaise mUlAcAra, mUlArAdhanA Adi bhI isa tathya ke sUcaka haiM ki 'mUlasaMgha' zabda kA sambandha yApanIyoM se rahA hai|" (DaoN. sA. ma. jai. abhi. gra./ pR. 633) / ___ mAnya vidvAn kA yaha kathana sarvathA satya hai ki 'mUlAcAra' aura 'mUlArAdhanA' (bhagavatI-ArAdhanA) graMthoM ke nAma ke sAtha jur3A huA 'mUla' vizeSaNa unake mUlasaMghIya hone kA sUcaka hai| parantu ina granthoM ko yApanIyagrantha mAnanA satya nahIM hai| ye donoM grantha sarvathA digambara-grantha haiM, isake pramANa 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' evaM 'mUlAcAra' nAmaka 13veM aura 15veM adhyAyoM meM draSTavya haiN| ataH digambara-granthoM ke nAma ke sAtha 'mUla' vizeSaNa jur3A hone se siddha hai ki 'mUlasaMgha' nirgranthasaMgha (digambarasaMgha) kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra03 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 569 nirgranthasaMgha hI mUlasaMgha : DaoN0 sAgaramala jI aba maiM eka adbhuta aura rocaka bAta sAmane lA rahA huuN| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne 'jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' grantha meM svayaM hI nirgranthasaMgha ko mUlasaMgha siddha kiyA hai| kintu grantha ke 'lekhakIya' meM likhA hai "prastuta kRti ke praNayana kI dIrgha kAlAvadhi ke daurAna aneka navIna tathyoM evaM jAnakAriyoM ke upalabdha hone para merI avadhAraNAoM meM bhI kahIM-kahIM parivartana huA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prAraMbha meM maiMne mUlasaMgha ko digambara mAna liyA thA, kintu bAda meM mujhe jo sAkSya upalabdha hue , unake AdhAra para maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki vastutaH mUlasaMgha ke prAcIna abhilekhIya ullekha digambara nahIM, balki yApanIya haiN| yApanIyagranthoM kI mUlAcAra, mUlArAdhanA (bhagavatI-ArAdhanA) jaisI saMjJAe~ hamAre ukta niSkarSa kA samarthana karatI haiN| pA~cavIM zatI ke lagabhaga jaba isa sampradAya kA yApanIya nAmakaraNa huA, taba taka digambara-sampradAya to 'nirgrantha sampradAya' nAma se hI jAnA jAtA thaa| cauthI-pA~cavIM zatI ke jina do abhilekhoM meM 'mUlasaMgha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, vahA~ ve zabda yApanIyoM ke hI sUcaka haiN| pAThakoM se merA anurodha hai ki kRti meM jahA~ kahIM aise kucha antarvirodha parilakSita hoM, vahA~ paravartI ullekha ko navIna zodha kA niSkarSa mAnakara use hI merA mantavya mAnA jaay|" (lekhakIya/ pR.VI / jai. dha. yA. s.)| DaoNkTara sA0 ne 'mUla' zabda se mUlasaMgha ke sAtha sambandha sUcita karanevAle 'mUlAcAra' aura 'mUlArAdhanA' (bhagavatI-ArAdhanA) nAmaka granthoM ko yApanIyagrantha mAnakara unheM mUlasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha ke abhinna hone kA sAkSya mAnA hai| kintu ukta grantha yApanIyagrantha haiM hI nahIM, apitu digambaragrantha haiN| (isake pramANa adhyAya 13 evaM 15 meM draSTavya haiN)| ataH ve mUlasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha ke abhinna hone ke nahIM, balki digambarasaMgha arthAt nirgranthasaMgha aura mUlasaMgha kI abhinnatA ke sAkSya haiN| isalie DaoNkTara sA0 ne apane grantha-praNayana kI Arambhika avasthA meM nirgranthasaMgha aura mUlasaMgha meM abheda sthApita karanevAle jo hetu batalAye haiM, ve bAdhita nahIM hote| ve mUlasaMgha ko nirgranthasaMgha siddha karanevAle atirikta hetu haiN| ataH unheM yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| ve isa prakAra haiM 1. halsI ke abhilekha (kra. 99) meM 'yApanIyanirgranthakUrcakAnAM' aisA bahuvacanAtmaka prayoga milatA hai, isase siddha hotA hai ki yApanIya, nimrantha aura kUrcaka ye tIna svatantra sampradAya the| (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR. 44-45) / isI prakAra yadi 'mUlasaMgha-nirgranthasaMgha-yApanIya For Personal & Private Use Only

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570 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 3 kUrcakAnAM' isa prakAra bahuvacanAtmaka yA 'mUlasaMgha - nirgranthasaMghayo:' aisA dvivacanAtmaka prayoga kisI abhilekha meM prApta hotA, to mAnA jA sakatA thA ki mUlasaMgha aura nirgranthasaMgha alaga-alaga saMgha haiN| kintu aisA prayoga nahIM milatA, isase siddha hai ki ve alagaalaga nahIM, apitu abhinna hI haiN| 2. "yApanIyoM ke dakSiNa meM praveza ke pUrva bhadrabAhu ke pahale yA unake sAtha jo nirgrantha zramaNavarga dakSiNa calA gayA thA, vaha apane Apako 'nirgrantha' hI kahatA hogA, kyoMki usa samaya taka saMghabheda yA gaNabheda nahIM huA thA / sambhavataH jaba yApanIya uttarabhArata se dakSiNabhArata kI ora gaye, taba ve apane gaNa ko mUlagaNa kahate rahe hoMge, kyoMki yApanIyoM (boTika) ke vibhAjana ke samaya uttarabhArata meM gaNabheda ho cukA thA / ataH yApanIyoM ne bhI apane sAtha gaNa kA prayoga avazya kiyA hogA / unake jina prAcIna gaNoM ke ullekha haiM, unameM punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa, kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa aura zrImUlamUlagaNa ye tIna nAma milate haiM aura ina tInoM ke sAtha mUlagaNa kA prayoga hai| ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jaba uttarabhArata kA nirgranthasaMgha sacelatA aura acalatA ke prazna para do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA, to uttarabhArata kI usa acela zAkhA ne, jise zvetAmbaroM ne boTika aura digambaroM ne yApanIya kahA hai, apane ko tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke mUla AcAramArga kA anusaraNa karane ke kAraNa 'mUlagaNa' kahA hogA / jaba yaha mUlagaNa dakSiNa meM praviSTa huA hogA, to dakSiNa ke nirgranthasaMgha ne inakI suvidhAvAdI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa athavA Apasa meM milate samaya 'kiM javaNijjaM' (kiM yApanIyaM ? ) aisA pUchane para yA vandana karate samaya 'javaNijjAye' zabda kA jora se uccAraNa karane ke kAraNa inheM 'yApanIya' (jAvanIya) nAma diyA hogaa| inheM bAhara se AyA jAnakara apane saMgha ko mUlasaMgha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hogA / ataH sambhAvanA yahI hai ki mUlagaNa aura mUlasaMgha alaga-alaga the| 'mUlagaNa' yApanIya thA aura 'mUlasaMgha' nirgrantha thA / nirgranthasaMgha mUlasaMgha se bhinna nahIM thA, yaha una acela zramaNoM kA varga thA, jo bhadrabAhu ke pUrva yA bhadrabAhu ke samaya se dakSiNa bhArata meM vicaraNa kara rahe the| ataH I0 san kI pA~cavIM zatI taka dakSiNa bhArata meM yApanIyoM se bhinna acela paramparA ke do anya saMgha bhI the eka nirgranthasaMgha (mUlasaMgha ) aura dUsarA kUrcakasaMgha" (jai. dha. yA.sa./pR.45) / isa prakAra DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne apane cintana ke AdhAra para mUlasaMgha aura nirgranthasaMgha ko abhinna siddha kiyA hai| mAnya vidvAn ne mUlasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha meM bhinnatAe~ bhI batalAyI haiM, jo unhIM ke zabdoM meM isa prakAra haiM 1. 'bhadrabAhu ke pUrva yA unake sAtha jo munisaMgha dakSiNa kI yAtrA para gayA thA, vaha yadyapi apane sAtha mahAvIra kA tattvajJAna aura AcAramArga lekara avazya gayA 44 For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra03 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 571 thA, kintu unake pAsa mAtra utanA hI sAhitya rahA hogA, jitanA bhadrabAhu ke kAla taka nirmita ho pAyA thaa| punaH vismRti aura bhASAgata vibhinnatAoM ke kAraNa ve una AgamagranthoM ko mUla rUpa meM kitanA surakSita rakha pAye the, Aja yaha kahanA bhI kaThina hai| sambhavataH kAlakrama meM usa paramparA ke pAsa AcAramArga aura tattvajJAna ke sAmAnya siddhAntoM kI apanI bhASA meM jAnakArI ke atirikta viziSTa grantha zeSa nahIM raha gaye the| yahI kAraNa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata kA vaha nirgranthasaMgha (mUlasaMgha) AgamoM ko vicchinna mAnane lagA thaa| yApanIyasaMgha jo ki unake bAda lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa pazcAt uttara bhArata kI nirgranthadhArA se alaga hokara dakSiNa bhArata pahu~cA thA, vaha apane sAtha jina AgamagranthoM ko le gayA thA, unako mUlasaMgha ne mAnane se inakAra kara diyA hogaa| kyoMki una granthoM meM bhI, cAhe ve apavAdamArga ke rUpa meM hI kyoM na hoM, vastra, pAtra Adi ke ullekha to the hii| yahI kAraNa thA ki dakSiNa bhArata meM nirgranthasaMgha yA mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne Age calakara kSetrIya bhASA ke atirikta saMskRta ko bhI apanA pramukha mAdhyama bnaayaa| kundakunda hI mUlasaMgha ke prathama AcArya the, jinhoMne apane saMgha meM AgamoM kI pUrti ke lie yApanIyoM kI zailI meM zaurasenI meM grantha likhe| yadyapi kundakunda kI lekhana-dRSTi yApanIya granthoM se bilkula bhinna thii| isa prakAra AgamoM ke vicchinna hone ke prazna para dakSiNa bhArata ke nirgrantha-mUlasaMgha aura yApanIyoM meM matabheda rahA hogaa| "yApanIyoM aura dakSiNa bhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha-mUlasaMgha meM matabheda kA dUsarA kAraNa apavAda ke rUpa meM vastra-pAtra kA grahaNa bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yApanIya vastra-pAtra ko apavAdarUpa meM grAhya mAnate the| kyoMki unake dvArA mAnya AgamoM aura nirmita granthoM, donoM meM hI apavAdarUpa meM inake grahaNa kA ullekha milatA hai| sambhavataH dakSiNa meM muni-AcAra meM zithilAcAra kA praveza yApanIyoM ke dvArA hI prArambha huaa| - 3. "vivAda kA tIsarA AdhAra sambhavataH strI-dIkSA bhI ho sakatA hai| mUlasaMgha strI ko mahAvratAropaNarUpa dIkSA dene ke virodha meM rahA hogA, kyoMki usake dvArA sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga sambhava nahIM thaa| yaha bAta kundakunda ke evaM paravartI granthoM se puSTa hotI pratIta hotI hai| mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne yApanIya, dravir3a aura mAthura saMgha ko isalie bhI jainAbhAsa kahA thA ki ve strI ko paMcamahAvratarUpa dIkSA pradAna karate the| sambhavataH mUlasaMgha strI ko kevala sAmAyika-cAritra grahaNa karane kI anumati detA hogA, chedopasthApanIya-cAritra arthAt mahAvratAropaNa kI anumati nahIM detA hogaa| Age calakara yahI vivAda adhika tIvra huA aura mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne strI-dIkSA ke sAtha-sAtha strI-mukti kA bhI niSedha kara diyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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572 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra03 4. "isake atirikta kevalIbhukti, kevalI ko kitane parISaha hote haiM Adi kucha tAttvika mAnyatAoM ko lekara bhI donoM meM matabheda rahA hogaa|" (jai. dha. yA. sa./ pR.46-47) ina bhinnatAoM ke pradarzana dvArA bhI mAnya vidvAn ne mUlasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha ko paraspara svatantra siddha kiyA hai| digambarasaMgha ke hI mUlasaMgha hone kA eka spaSTa pramANa zvetAmbarAcArya zrI guNaratnasUri ke samaya (14 vIM zatI I0) meM strImukti-virodhI digambarasaMgha hI 'mUlasaMgha' ke nAma se prasiddha thA, yaha unake nimnalikhita vacanoM se jJAta hotA hai-"digambarAH punarnAgnyaliGgAH paannipaatraashc| te caturdhA kaasstthaasnggh-muulsnggh-maathursnggh-gopysngghbhedaat| kASThAsaGgha camarIbAlaiH picchikA, mUlasaGke mAyUrapicchaiH picchikA, mAthurasaGke mUlato'pi picchikA nAdRtA, gopyA maayuurpicchikaaH| AdyAstrayo'pi saGghA vandyamAnA dharmavRddhiM bhaNanti, strINAM muktiM, kevalinAM bhuktiM, savratasyApi sacIvarasya muktiM ca na mnvte| gopyAstu vandyamAnA dharmalAbhaM bhaNanti, strINAM muktiM, kevalinAM bhuktiM ca mnynte| gopyA yApanIyA itypyucynte|" (tarkarahasyadIpikA-vRtti / SaDdarzanasamuccaya/a.4/ pR.161)| __ yahA~ mUlasaMgha ko kASThAsaMgha, mAthurasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha se bhinna mayUrapicchadhArI, dharmavRddhi kA AzIrvAda denevAlA tathA strImukti Adi kA virodhI batalAyA gayA hai| isase siddha hai ki guNaratnasUri ke samaya meM jo itihAsa thA, usake anusAra digambarasaMgha hI mUlasaMgha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| . DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne apane pUrvoddhRta lekha "jaina sampradAya ke yApanIyasaMgha para kucha aura prakAza" meM likhA hai ki rAyadruga-(jilA bellArI)-vivaraNa meM nisidi ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai, jisameM ATha nAma likhe haiM, unameM se mUlasaMgha ke candrabhUti tathA yApanIyasaMgha ke candrendra, bAdayya aura tammaNNa ke nAma svAbhipreta haiN| (dekhiye, isI adhyAya kI pAdaTippaNI kra. 37) yahA~ mUlasaMgha aura yApanIyasaMgha ko bhinna saMghoM ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| isase bhI siddha hai ki yApanIyasaMgha kA nAma mUlasaMgha nahIM thA, apitu digambarasaMgha hI mUlasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| ___ ina pramANoM aura yuktiyoM se siddha hai ki mUlasaMgha digambarasaMgha yA nirgranthasaMgha kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| ekamAtra acelaliMga se mukti ke siddhAnta kA anuyAyI hone ke kAraNa vaha nirgranthasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huA tathA usake vibhAjana se bhinna For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra03 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 573 siddhAntoMvAle zvetAmbarasaMgha kI utpatti huI thI, kintu nirgranthasaMgha bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa siddhAntoM kA yathAvat anugAmI banA rahA, isalie usakA mUlasaMgha nAma pracalita huaa| nirgrantha ( digambara ) saMgha kI prAcInatA kI svIkRti DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne Upara nirgranthasaMgha ko hI mUlasaMgha siddha karate hue IsApUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM dakSiNa gaye nirgranthasaMgha kI ve hI (savastramukti-niSedha Adi) saiddhAntika vizeSatAe~ batalAyI haiM, jo vartamAna meM digambarasampradAya meM milatI haiN| san 2004 I0 meM likhe gaye apane naye grantha 'jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA' meM to unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki IsApUrva caturtha zatI meM bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM dakSiNa gayA nirgranthasaMgha hI Aja kI digambaraparamparA kA pUrvaja hai| (dekhie , adhyAya 6 / prakaraNa 2/ zIrSaka 2) / isa prakAra unhoMne digambara-paramparA kA astitva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga se hI svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH unhoMne anyatra (jai.dha. yA.sa./ pR.394 para) jo yaha mAnA hai ki usakA pravartana vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM AcArya kundakunda ne kiyA thA, vaha unake hI vacanoM se asatya siddha ho jAtA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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caturtha yApanIyasaMgha kI anya vizeSatAe~ 1 mandiranirmANa evaM mUrtipratiSThA zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki yApanIya sAdhu aura unake bhaktoM ne aneka jainamandiroM kA nirmANa tathA jinamUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| jinamUrtiyA~ digambaramudrA meM hotI thiiN| "belagA~va kI 'doDDa vasadi' (isa nAma ke jainamandira) meM bhagavAn neminAtha kI pratimA hai, jo kisI samaya kile ke mandira meM thii| isameM jo pIThikAlekha hai, usase patA calatA hai ki yApanIyasaMgha ke pArisayya ne 1013 I0 meM isa mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jise sAhaNAdhipati (saMbhavataH kadambazAsaka jayakezI ke daNDanAyaka) kI mAtA kattayya aura jakkavve ne kallahaviLa ( gokama ke pAsa ) grAma kI bhUmi dAna meM dI thii| uparyukta vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki pArisayya sAdhu yA guru nahIM the, apitu koI sAmAnyajana the, jinake yApanIyasaMgha se ghaniSTha sambandha rahe hoMge, isIlie unakA vizeSatayA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 1958 isa mandira kI yApanIyoM dvArA pratiSThita pratimA Ajakala digambaroM dvArA pUjI jAtI hai / ( premI : jai. sA. i./pra.saM./pR. 42) / 2 yApanIya sAhitya yApanIyasaMgha meM zvetAmbara - paramparA ke Agama mAnya the| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ke anusAra " AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, dazA zrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa, nizItha, jItakalpa, vyavahAra, Avazyaka Adi Agama tathA ina AgamoM kI niryuktiyA~, maraNavibhakti, saMstAraka, saMgraha, stuti ( devindathuI), pratyAkhyAna ( Atura evaM mahApratyAkhyAna) Adi prakIrNaka tathA karmaprakRti (kammapayaDI) Adi karmasAhitya ke grantha haiN| ina Agamika granthoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana aura svAdhyAya kI paramparA yApanIyoM meM thii|" (jai. dha. yA. saM. / pR. 68 ) / zrutasAgarasUri ne bhI likhA hai ki yApanIya kalpasUtra kA vAcana karate haiN| (daMsaNapAhuDaTIkA / gA. 11) / mAnanIya paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI likhate haiM- " zvetAmbarasampradAya-mAnya jo Agamagrantha haiM, yApanIyasaMgha zAyada una sabhI ko mAnatA thA / " (jai. sA. i. / pra.saM./pR.45) / 158. DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye : 'jaina sampradAya ke yApanIyasaMgha para kucha aura prakAza' / ' anekAnta / mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka / 1975 I. / pR. 247 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a0 7 / pra0 4 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 575 isa prakAra adhyAtmazAstra ko chor3akara cAroM anuyogoM ke sabhI grantha yApanIyoM ko apanI jananI zvetAmbara - paramparA se virAsata meM upalabdha hue the / isalie unakA svaracita sAhitya prAyaH nagaNya hai| unhoMne prAyaH vahI grantha race haiM, jo digambara- paramparA kI strImuktiniSedha, kevalibhuktiniSedha Adi mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana karane ke lie aura apane mata kI puSTi ke lie Avazyaka the / haribhadrasUri ne lalitavistarA meM eka yApanIyatantra nAmaka yApanIyagrantha kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisake strImukti - samarthaka a tarka unhoMne apane grantha ( lalitavistarA ) meM uddhRta kiye haiM, kintu yaha grantha vartamAna meM anupalabdha hai / yApanIya AcArya pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana 159 ke tIna grantha upalabdha hote haiM, strInirvANaprakaraNa, kevalibhuktiprakaraNa evaM shaakttaaynvyaakrnn| unakA eka sAhityaviSayaka grantha bhI thA, jisakA mata rAjazekhara ne apane mahattvapUrNa grantha 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM uddhRta kiyA hai| (premI : jai. sA. i. / pra. saM. / pR.43) / yApanIya sAhitya ke itane hI granthoM kA patA abhI taka cala pAyA hai / pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana samrAT amoghavarSa ke samakAlIna ( 814 - 867 I0 ) the / (tI. ma. A. pa. / 3 / pR.20) / paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne bhagavatI - ArAdhanA, usakI vijayodayA TIkA, mUlAcAra aura tattvArthasUtra ko yApanIya - AcAryoM dvArA racita batalAyA hai| (jai. sA. i./dvi.saM./ 159. "zAkaTAyana yA pAlyakIrti : zAkaTAyana nAma kA eka aura vyAkaraNagrantha hai, jisake karttA jaina the / ye bhI zAkaTAyana nAma se prasiddha haiM / parantu yaha bahuta kama loga jAnate haiM ki unakA vAstavika nAma pAlyakIrti thA / vAdirAjasUri ne apane 'pArzvanAthacarita' kAvya meM unakA smaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai kutastyA tasya sA zaktiH pAlyakIrtermahaujasaH / zrIpadazravaNaM yasya zAbdikAnkurute janAn // arthAt usa mahAtejasvI pAlyakIrti kI zakti kA kyA varNana kiyA jAya, jisakA 'zrI' pada - zravaNa hI logoM ko zAbdika yA vyAkaraNajJa banA detA hai / zAkaTAyana kI amoghavRtti nAma kI eka svopajJa TIkA hai| usakA AraMbha 'zrIvIramamRtaM jyotiH' Adi maMgalAcaraNa se hotA hai / vAdirAjasUri ne isI maMgalAcaraNa ke 'zrI' pada ko lakSya karake yaha bAta kahI hai ki pAlyakIrti ( zAkaTAyana) ke vyAkaraNa kA AraMbha karane para loga vaiyAkaraNa ho jAte haiN| pUrvokta zloka kI TIkA AcArya zubhacandra apanI pArzvanAthacarita - paMjikA meM isa prakAra karate haiM-" tasya pAlyakIrteH mahaujasaH zrIpadazravaNaM zriyA upalakSitAni padAni zAkaTAyanasUtrANi teSAM zravaNam aakrnnnm|" isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki paMjikAkAra zubhacandra pAlyakIrti ko zAkaTAyana sUtroM kA karttA mAnate the|" ( paM0 nAthUrAma premI : zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana / jainasiddhAnta bhAskara / bhAga 9 / kiraNa 1 / jUna 1942 / pR. 18) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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576 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 4 pR. 79, 521-553) / zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne bhI premI jI kA anusaraNa karate hue 'yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya' nAmaka grantha meM uparyukta mAnyatA kA poSaNa kiyA hai / aura svayaM ne sanmatisUtra, harivaMzapurANa tathA bRhatkathAkoza ko bhI yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne bhI sanmatisUtra ko yApanIyagrantha batalAyA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne tattvArthasUtra aura sanmatisUtra ko chor3akara uparyukta granthoM ko tathA SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa, yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtra, tiloyapaNNatti, varAMgacarita Adi anya gyAraha granthoM ko yApanIya AcAryoM kI kRti ghoSita kiyA hai, kintu inameM se koI bhI grantha yApanIya - AcArya dvArA racita nahIM hai, sabhI grantha digambarAcAryoM dvArA race gaye haiM / isakA sapramANa pratipAdana uttaravartI adhyAyoM meM draSTavya hai / 3 zvetAmbarIya aura yApanIya AgamagranthoM meM pAThabheda paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne likhA hai ki " zvetAmbarasampradAya mAnya jo Agamagrantha haiM, yApanIyasaMgha zAyada una sabhI ko mAnatA thA, parantu aisA jAna par3atA hai ki donoM AgamoM meM kucha pAThabheda thA aura isakA kAraNa zAyada yaha ho ki upalabdha vallabhIvAcanA se pahale kI koI vAcanA (saMbhavataH mAthurIvAcanA ) yApanIyasaMgha ke pAsa thii| kyoMki vijayodayATIkA meM AgamoM ke jo uddharaNa diye gaye haiM, ve zvetAmbara AgamoM meM bilakula jyoM ke tyoM nahIM haiM, kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha milate haiM / " (jai. sA. i. / pra.saM./ pR. 45-46) / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki yApanIya-sampradAya mAthurIvAcanA ke zvetAmbara - AgamoM ko mAnatA thaa| yaha vAcanA vIranirvANa saMvat 827 - 840 ( I0 san 300 - 313) meM AcArya skandila kI adhyakSatA meM huI thii| isa vAcanA ke AgamoM meM aise aneka pATha the, jo valabhIvAcanA ke AgamoM meM nahIM milate arthAt unameM se haTA diye gaye / valabhIvAcanA vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 - 993 ( I. san 453 - 466) meM zrI devarddhigaNi ke netRtva meM valabhI meM sampanna huI thI / mAnanIya paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne bhI aisA hI mata vyakta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM- " jaina paramparA meM digambara aura zvetAmbara kI taraha eka yApanIyasaMgha bhI thaa| yaha saMgha nagnatA kA pakSapAtI thA tathApi zvetAmbarIya AgamoM ko mAnatA thA / isa saMgha ke eka AcArya aparAjita - sUri kI saMskRtaTIkA bhagavatI ArAdhanA nAmaka prAcIna grantha para hai, jo mudrita ho cukI hai| usameM nagnatA ke samarthana meM zrI aparAjitasUri ne AgamagranthoM se aneka uddharaNa diye haiM, jinameM se aneka uddharaNa vartamAna AgamoM meM nahIM milte| yahA~ do-eka uddharaNa diye jAte haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 577 a0 7 / pra0 4 " ' tathA coktamAcArAMge -- sudaM me Aussatto bhagavadA evamakkhAdaM - iha khalu saMyamAbhimukhA duvihA itthIpurisA jAdA havaMti / taM jahA - savvasamaNAgade NosamaNAgade ceva / tattha je savvasamagade thirAMgahatthapANipAde savviMdiyasamaNNAgade tassa NaM No kappadi egamavi vatthaM dhAriDaM eva parihiuM eva aNNattha egeNa paDilehageNa iti / " (vi.TI./ bha.A./gA.' Acelakkuddesiya' 423 / pR. 325) / " isameM batalAyA hai ki pUrNa zrAmaNya ke dhArI ko, jisake hAtha-paira sakSama hote haiM aura saba indriyA~ samagra hotI haiM, use pratilekhana ke sivAya eka bhI vastra dhAraNa nahIM karanA caahie| yaha uddharaNa vartamAna AcArAMga meM nahIM milatA, jabaki anya uddharaNa usameM milate haiN| " isI taraha uttarAdhyayana se bhI kucha padya ('Acelakkuddesiya' gAthA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM) uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, jinameM se kucha vartamAna uttarAdhyayana meM nahIM milte| do padya nIce likhe haiM paricattesu vatthesu puNo acelapavare bhikkhU jiNarUvadhare Na celamAdie / sadA // sacelago sukhI bhavadi asukhI cAvi acelago / ahaM to sacelo hokkhAmi idi bhikkhU Na ciMtae // "inameM batalAyA hai ki vastra ko tyAgakara punaH vastra grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie aura jinarUpadhArI bhikSu ko sadA acela rahanA caahie| vastradhArI sukhI hotA hai, vastratyAgI duHkhI, ataH maiM sacela rahU~gA, aisA bhikkhu ko nahIM socanA cAhie / " aparAjitasUri ne kalpasUtra se bhI aneka padya uddhRta kiye haiM, jo mudrita kalpasUtra meM nahIM milte|" (jai. sA. i. / pU. pI. / pR. 525-26) / ye udAharaNa siddha karate haiM ki mAthurIvAcanA ke AgamoM meM pAye jAnevAle nagnatvasamarthaka aneka pATha valabhIvAcanA ke AgamoM meM zAmila nahIM kiye gye| isase nizcita hotA hai ki yApanIyamAnya zvetAmbara - Agama vartamAna zvetAmbara - AgamoM se kiJcit bhinna the / mAnanIya paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne yahA~ para kahA hai ki aparAjitasUri dvArA AgamagranthoM se diye gaye aneka uddharaNoM meM se aneka vartamAna AgamoM meM nahIM milte| yahA~ aneka meM se aneka kA abhiprAya 'kucha' hotA hai, saba nhiiN| paMDita jI ne svayaM kahA hai ki kevala yaha uddharaNa ( uparyukta) vartamAna AcArAMga meM nahIM milatA, zeSa milate haiM / kintu DaoN0 sAgaramala jI neM paNDita jI ke kathana kA yaha abhiprAya le For Personal & Private Use Only

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578 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra04 liyA ki ve yApanIyoM dvArA mAnya AgamoM ko zvetAmbaramAnya AgamoM se sarvathA bhinna mAnate haiM aura unhoMne paNDita jI para atisAhasa karane kA AkSepa kara diyaa| jaba ki Age DaoNkTara sA0 ne svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai ki "nizcaya hI uparyukta sandarbha AcArAMga meM isI rUpa meM zabdazaH nahIM hai|" ve saphAI dete hue Age kahate haiM "kintu savvasamannAgaya nAmaka pada aura ukta kathana kA bhAva AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke aSTama adhyayana meM Aja bhI surakSita hai|" (jai. dha. yA. s./pR.72)| kintu kisa pATha yA sUtra meM surakSita hai, yaha nahIM btlaayaa| maiMne bhI AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke aSTama adhyayana kI sUkSmatA se chAnabIna kI hai, kintu uparyukta pATha ke artha ko surakSita rakhanevAlA koI bhI pAThAntara yA zabdAvalI upalabdha nahIM huii| savvasamannAgaya pada jisa pATha meM hai, usake artha kA to uparyukta pATha ke artha se dUra kA bhI sambandha nahIM hai| vaha pATha isa prakAra hai "jassa NaM bhikkhussa evaM bhavai-puTTho khalu ahamaMsi nAlamahamaMsi sIyaphAsaM ahiyAsittae se vasumaM savvasamannAgayapannANeNaM appANeNaM kei akaraNayAe AuTTe tavassiNo hu taM seyaM jamege vihamAie tatthAvi tassa kAlapariyAe se'vi tattha vi aMtikArae, icceyaM vimohAyataNaM hiyaM suhaM khamaM nissesaM ANugAmiyaM tti bemi|"160 isakA bhAvArtha prakAzita karate hue muni zrI saubhAgyamala jI likhate haiM-"sAdhanA ke kaThina mArga meM calate hue sAdhaka ko kabhI aisA mAlUma par3e ki maiM parISaha aura upasargoM se ghira gayA hU~ aura unheM sahana karane meM sarvathA asamartha hU~, to aise prasaMga para use prathama to apanI samasta buddhi dvArA socakara (sarvasamanvAgataprajJAnena AtmanA) jahA~ taka bane vahA~ taka upasarga se baca nikalanA cAhie, parantu akArya meM pravRtti nahIM karanI caahie| yadi kisI bhI taraha bacane kI sambhAvanA na ho, to vaihAnasAdi (akAla) maraNa se mara jAnA cAhiye, parantu akArya meM pravRtti nahIM karanI caahie| isa prasaMga kA Akasmika maraNa bhI anazana aura mRtyukAla ke maraNa ke samAna nirdoSa aura hitakartA hai| isa taraha maraNa kI zaraNa honevAle mukti ke adhikArI ho sakate haiN| katipaya nirmohI AtmAoM ne aise prasaMga para maraNa kA zaraNa liyA hai isalie yaha hitakArI, sukhakArI, yuktiyukta, karmakSaya kA hetubhUta aura bhavAntara meM bhI puNyaprada hai, aisA maiM kahatA huuN|160 uparyukta pATha (vi.TI./ bha. A. / gA. 423) ke artha kA isa pATha ke artha se koI sambandha nahIM hai| ataH DaoNkTara sA0 kA yaha kathana pramANita nahIM hotA ki 160. AcArAMga (pra.saM.) 1/8/4/ pR. 536-37/ zrI jaina sAhitya samiti nayApurA, ujjain| - vi. saM. 2007 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra04 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 579 "uparyukta sandarbha AcArAMga meM zabdazaH nahIM hai, kintu usakA artha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke aSTama adhyayana meM surakSita hai|" isalie paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne jo kahA hai vaha satya siddha hotA hai, arthAt yApanIyamAnya-zvetAmbara-Agama vartamAna zvetAmbara-AgamoM se pATha kI apekSA kiMcit bhinna the| ___paNDita jI ne pUrvokta 'paricattesu vatthesu' Adi do gAthAoM ko uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAe~ kahA hai| isa para bhI DaoNkTara sA0 ne AkSepa kiyA hai ki "AdaraNIya paNDita jI ko yaha bhrAnti kaise ho gayI ki ve uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAe~ haiM?" (jai. dha. yA. s./pR.73)| vastutaH vijayodayATIkA meM unheM parISahasUtra kahA gayA hai161 aura paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne unakA astitva 'uttarAdhyayana' meM batalAyA hai tathA uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAoM ke rUpa meM hI unheM pAdaTippaNI meM uddhRta kiyA hai|62 ataH paNDita kailAzacandra jI kA unheM 'uttarAdhyayana' kI gAthAe~ kahanA koI bhrAnti nahIM hai, apitu yathArtha hai| Azcarya to yaha hai ki Age DaoNkTara sA0 svayaM bhAvarUpa meM unakA astitva uttarAdhyayana meM batalAte haiN| ve likhate haiM "punaH ye gAthAe~ bhI cAhe zabdazaH uttarAdhyayana meM na hoM, kintu bhAvarUpa se to donoM hI gAthAe~ aura zabdarUpa se inake ATha caraNoM meM se cAra caraNa to upalabdha hI haiN| uparyukta uddhRta gAthAoM se tulanA ke lie uttarAdhyayana kI ye gAthAe~ prastuta haiM parijuNNehiM vatthehiM hokkhAmi tti acele| aduvA sacelae hokkhaM idaM bhikkhu na cinte|| 2/12 // egayA acelae hoi sacele yAvi egyaa| eyaM dhammahiyaM naccA nANI no prideve|| 2/13 // " (jai.dha.yA.sa./ pR.73) ina gAthAoM kA pUrvokta gAthAoM se na to zabdasAmya hai, na vyAkaraNasAmya, na arthsaamy| zabdasAmya aura vyAkaraNasAmya kA abhAva to spaSTa hI dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| arthasAmya kA abhAva nIce pradarzita kiyA jA rahA hai| 161. "idaM cAcelatAprasAdhanaparaM zItadaMzamazakatRNasparzaparISahasahanavacanaM parISahasUtreSu / na hi sacelaM zItAdayo baadhnte| imAni ca sUtrANi acelatAM darzayanti-'paricattesu vatthesu Na puNo celmaadie---|" vijayodayATIkA / bhagavatI-ArAdhanA / 'Acelakkuddesiya' gA. 423 / 162. "isake bAda kahA hai ki parISaha-sUtroM meM (uttarAdhyayana meM) jo zIta-daMzamazaka-tRNasparza parISahoM ke sahana ke vacana haiM, ve saba acelatA ke sAdhaka haiN| kyoMki jo sacela yA savastra haiM unheM zItAdi kI bAdhA hotI hI nahIM hai|" jai. sA. i./ pra. saM./ pR.50| For Personal & Private Use Only

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580 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a0 7 / pra0 4 'paricattesu vatthesu' gAthAoM kA artha - " vastroM kA tyAga kara dene para bhikSu punaH vastra grahaNa nahIM karatA / bhikSu acela hokara sadA jinarUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| bhikSu aisA vicAra nahIM karatA ki savastra sukhI hotA hai aura vastrarahita duHkhI, isalie maiM vastra dhAraNa karU~gA / " 'parijuNNehiM vatthehiM' gAthAoM kA artha - " vastra parijIrNa ho jAne para maiM nirvastra ho jAU~gA athavA maiM savastra hoU~gA, bhikSu ko aisI cintA nahIM karanI caahie| bhikSu kabhI savastra ho jAtA hai, to kabhI nirvastra | dharma ke isa marma ko samajhakara jJAnI ko duHkhI nahIM honA caahie| " ina donoM arthoM meM AkAza-pAtAla kA antara hai| pUrva gAthAoM meM vastratyAga dene para sadA nirvastra rahane para jora diyA gayA hai, jabaki uttaragAthAoM meM sadA nirvastra rahane para bala nahIM diyA gayA, apitu jaba taka naye vastra prApta na hoM, taba taka nirvastra rahane meM duHkha na karane para jora diyA gayA hai| arthAt uttaragAthAoM meM nirvastratA mokSa kI dRSTi se Avazyaka nahIM mAnI gaI hai, jaba ki pUrva gAthAoM meM mokSa kI dRSTi se Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai / isa taraha pUrvanirdiSTa aura uttaranirdiSTa gAthAyugmoM meM zabda aura artha, donoM dRSTiyoM se sAmya nahIM hai| ataH DaoNkTara sA0 kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai ki paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne vartamAna uttarAdhyayana meM jina gAthAoM kA abhAva batalAyA hai, ve 'parijuNNehiM vatthehiM' Adi gAthAoM ke rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana meM vidyamAna haiN| tathya yaha hai ki nirapavAda acelatva kI poSaka hone se unheM vartamAna uttarAdhyayana se bahiSkRta kara diyA gyaa| ataH siddha hai ki yApanIyamAnya - zvetAmbara - Agama vartamAna- zvetAmbara - AgamoM se pATha kI dRSTi se kucha bhinna the / paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne yApanIyoM ke pAsa mAthurIvAcanA ke Agama hone kA anumAna lagAyA hai| isa para bhI DaoNkTara sA0 ne Apatti darja kI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki "yApanIyoM ke pAsa skandila (zvetAmbarAcArya) kI mAthurIvAcanA ke Agama the, yaha mAnane meM eka bAdhA AtI hai, vaha yaha ki skandila kI vAcanA kA kAla vIra ni0 saMvat 827 -840 arthAt IsA kI tRtIya zatI kA anta aura caturtha zatI kA prArambha hai, jaba ki saMghabheda usake lagabhaga 200 varSa pahale hI ghaTita ho cukA thA / ataH pro0 DhAkI kI yaha mAnyatA ucita hI hai ki vaha vAcanA phalgumitra kI rahI hogii| yApanIyoM ne usameM apane mantavyoM ke anusAra kucha prakSepa bhI kiyA hogA / yadyapi phalgumitra kI paramparA kI isa vAcanA ke sambandha meM spaSTa nirdeza kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / " (jai. dha. yA. sa. / pR. 75) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra04 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa /581 yApanIyoM ke pAsa mAthurIvAcanA. ke AgamoM kA sadbhAva mAnane meM DaoNkTara sA0 ko jo bAdhA dikhAI detI hai, usakA kAraNa unakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki boTika yApanIya the| boTikoM ko yApanIya mAna lene para yaha siddha hotA hai ki yApanIyasampradAya kA udaya prathama zatAbdI IsavI meM huA thaa| phalasvarUpa unakI utpatti ke 200 varSa bAda huI mAthurIvAcanA ke Agama unake pAsa mAne jAya~, to usake pahale taka unake pAsa AgamoM kA abhAva mAnanA hogaa| kintu DaoNkTara sA0 kI boTikoM ko yApanIya mAnane kI parikalpanA nirAdhAra siddha ho cukI hai aura unhoMne hI apanI vANI se svIkAra kara liyA hai ki yApanIya-sampradAya kI utpatti pA~cavI zatAbdI IsavI ke prArambha meM huI thii| (dekhiye, pUrva prakaraNa 1/zI. 10) / ataH apanI utpatti se sau varSa pUrva huI mAthurIvAcanA ke Agama yApanIyoM ke pAsa the, yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| isase pro0 DhAkI kI yaha parikalpanA bhI nirAdhAra siddha ho jAtI hai ki yApanIyoM ke pAsa phalgumitra kI vAcanA ke Agama rahe hoNge| Azcarya to yaha hai ki DaoNkTara sA0 ne yaha jAnate hue bhI ki phalgumitra kI vAcanA kA Agama meM kahIM koI ullekha nahIM haiM, pro0 DhAkI kI isa nirAdhAra parikalpanA ko ucita mAna liyA hai| yApanIyoM ke lie anta taka mathurAvAcanA ke hI Agama mAnya rahe haiM, isakA eka jvalanta pramANa yaha hai ki yApanIya-AcArya pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana ne strImukti ke samarthana meM mathurAgama ko hI pramANarUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai|63 yApanIya-mAnya AgamoM kI bhASA zaurasenI yaha eka mahattvapUrNa bAta hai ki 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kI vijayodayATIkA meM mAthurIya zvetAmbara-AgamoM se jo uddharaNa diye gaye haiM, unakI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki zvetAmbara Agama mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha kiye gaye the| pazcAt pA~cavIM zatI I0 kI valabhIvAcanA meM unakA ardhamAgadhIkaraNa kara diyA gyaa| kintu yaha DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kI mAnyatA ke viruddha hai, isalie unhoMne yaha udbhAvanA kI hai ki Agama to mUlataH ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM hI race gaye the, kintu yApanIyoM ne unheM zaurasenI prAkRta meM rUpAntarita kara diyaa| ve likhate haiM __"vijayodayA ke AcArAMga Adi ke sabhI Agamika sandarbho ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve pUrNataH zaurasenI prabhAva se yukta haiN| mUlataH AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi Agama to nizcita hI ardhamAgadhI meM rahe haiN| yahA~ do sambhAvanAe~ ho sakatI 163. aSTazatamekasamaye puruSANAmAdirAgamaH (mAhurAgame) siddhiH (siddhm)| strINAM na manuSyayoge gauNArtho mukhyahAnirvA // 34 // striinirvaannprkrnn| For Personal & Private Use Only

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582 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra04 haiM, prathama yahI hai ki mAthurIvAcanA ke samaya una para zaurasenI kA prabhAva AyA ho aura yApanIyoM ne use mAnya rakhA ho| dUsarI yaha hai ki yApanIyoM ne una AgamoM kA zaurasenIkaraNa karake zve0 paramparA meM mAnya AcArAMga Adi se unameM apanI paramparA ke anurUpa kucha pAThabheda rakhA ho|" (jai. dha. yA. sa./ pR.73-74)| "ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM uddhRta ina (uttarAdhyayana kI) gAthAoM para bhI zaurasenI kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki mUla uttarAdhyayana ardhamAgadhI kI racanA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki yApanIyoM ne apane samaya ke avibhakta paramparA ke AgamoM ko mAnya karate hue bhI unheM zaurasenI prAkRta meM rUpAntarita karane kA prayAsa kiyA thA, anyathA aparAjita kI TIkA meM mUla AgamoM ke uddharaNoM kA zaurasenI rUpa na milakara ardhamAgadhIrUpa hI miltaa|" (jai. dha. yA. sa. / pR.74)| lekina, jaina-bauddhadarzanoM evaM pAli-prAkRta bhASAoM ke antararASTrIyakhyAtiprApta variSTha zvetAmbara vidvAn DaoN0 nathamala jI TA~TiyA ne DAkTara sAgaramala jI ke uparyukta vicAroM se ThIka viparIta vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| ve kahate haiM "zramaNasAhitya kA prAcIna rUpa, cAhe ve bauddhoM ke 'tripiTaka' Adi hoM, zvetAmbaroM ke 'AcArAMgasUtra', 'dazavaikAlika sUtra' Adi hoM athavA digambaroM ke 'SaTkhaNDAgamasUtra', 'samayasAra' Adi hoM, ve sabhI zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI nibaddha the| zvetAmbarajaina-sAhitya kA bhI prAcInarUpa zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI thA, jisakA rUpa kramazaH 'ardhamAgadhI' meM badalA gyaa| yadi hama vartamAna ardhamAgadhI-Agama-sAhitya ko hI mUla zvetAmbaraAgamasAhitya mAnane para jora deMge, to isa ardhamAgadhIbhASA kA Aja se pandraha sau varSa ke pahale astitva hI nahIM hone se isa sthiti meM hameM apane AgamasAhitya ko bhI 500 varSa I0 ke paravartI mAnanA pdd'egaa| AcArAMgasUtra Adi kI prAcIna pratiyoM meM zaurasenI ke zabdoM kI pracuratA milatI hai, jaba ki naye prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM una zabdoM kA arddhamAgadhIkaraNa ho gayA hai|"164 DaoN0 nemicandra jI zAstrI, jyotiSAcArya ne bhI likhA hai ki "vartamAna zvetAmbaraAgamasAhitya ke jo grantha ardhamAgadhI meM upalabdha hote haiM, vaha ardhamAgadhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI divyadhvani kI bhASA nahIM hai| isakA rUpa to cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM gaThita huA hai|" (tI. ma. A. pa. /khaM. 1/ pR. 240) / ise unhoMne 'prAkRtabhASA aura 164. ka-'prAkRtavidyA' janavarI-mArca, 1996 / zrI kundakunda bhAratI (prAkRta bhavana) naI dillii| kha-'jinAgamoM kI mUlabhASA' / prAkRta TesTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda / pRSTha 128 / ga- DaoN0 sudIpa jaina : 'kharA so merA' (kundakunda bhAratI, naI dillI, 1999 ii0)| pR. 5 para uddhRt| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra04 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 583 sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' meM aura spaSTa karate hue kahA hai "jaina Agama kI bhASA ko ardhamAgadhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza kI bhASA bhI ardhamAgadhI thI; para usa prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kA kyA svarUpa thA, isa sambandha meM koI nizcita jAnakArI Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara-AgamagraMthoM meM Aja jo ardhamAgadhI kA svarUpa upalabdha hai, usakA gaThana devarddhigaNI kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna valabhI nagara ke munisammelana meM huA hai| yaha sammelana vIra-nirvANa-saMvat 980 meM huA thaa| isa munisammelana ne AgamagranthoM ko susampAdita kiyaa| ataH bhASA aura viSaya ina donoM hI kSetroM meM kucha bAteM purAnI banI raha gayIM aura kucha navIna bAteM bhI jor3I gyiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki padya-bhAga kI bhASA gadya-bhAga kI bhASA kI apekSA adhika prAcIna tathA ArSa hai| AyAraMgasutta, sUyagaDaMgasutta evaM uttarAjjhayaNasutta kI bhASA meM paryApta prAcIna tattva upalabdha haiN|" (pR.31)| __ ve Age likhate haiM-"sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai ki ardhamAgadhI kA rUpagaThana mAgadhI aura zaurasenI se huaa| hArnale ne samasta prAkRta boliyoM ko do vargoM meM bA~TA hai| eka varga ko usane zaurasenI-prAkRta-bolI aura dUsare varga ko mAgadhI-prAkRta-bolI kahA hai| ina boliyoM ke kSetroM ke bIcoMbIca usane eka prakAra kI eka rekhA khIMcI, jo uttara meM khAlasI se lekara vairATa, ilAhAbAda aura phira vahA~ se dakSiNa ko rAmagar3ha hote hue jaugar3ha taka gayI hai| griyarsana ukta mata se sahamata hote hue likhate haiM ki ukta rekhA ke pAsa Ate-jAte zanaiH-zanaiH ye donoM prAkRteM Apasa meM mila gayIM aura isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki inake mela se eka tIsarI bolI utpanna huI, jisakA nAma ardhamAgadhI pdd'aa|" (vahI pR./34)| jyotiSAcArya jI Age batalAte haiM-"mArkaNDeya ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue likhA hai "zaurasenyA adUratvAdiyamevArdhamAgadhI" (prAkRtasarvasva/ pR.103)| arthAt zaurasenI bhASA ke nikaTavartI hone ke kAraNa mAgadhI hI ardhamAgadhI hai| --- abhayadeva ne uvAsagadasAo kI TIkA meM mAgadhI ke pUrNa lakSaNoM ko na pAkara likhA hai-"ardhamAgadhI bhASA yasyAM rasoralazau mAgadhyAmityAdikaM mAgadhabhASAlakSaNaM paripUrNa naasti|" arthAt ardhamAgadhI vaha bhASA hai, jisameM mAgadhI ke pUrNa lakSaNa rakAra aura sakAra ke sthAna para lakAra aura zakAra nahIM pAye jaate| spaSTa hai ki abhayadeva bhI ardhamAgadhI kA rUpa mAgadhI-mizrita zaurasenI mAnate haiN|" (vahI / pR.35)| jyotiSAcArya jI ne Age likhA hai-"ardhamAgadhI dhvanitattva, rUpatattva, zabdasampatti evaM arthatattva kI dRSTi se prAcIna zaurasainI aura prAcIna mAgadhI kA mizrita rUpa hai| ardhamAgadhI nAma bhI isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki isa bhASA meM mAgadhI ke Adhe hI For Personal & Private Use Only

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584 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra04 lakSaNa vartamAna haiN| zeSa Adhe lakSaNa prAcIna zaurasenI ke haiN| ina donoM bhASAoM ke mela se niSpanna ardhamAgadhI bhASA hai|" (vahI/ pR.37)| ___ DaoN0 nemicandra jI zAstrI niSkarSa prastuta karate hue kahate haiM-"upalabdha ardhamAgadhI kA svarUpagaThana mAgadhI aura prAcIna zaurasenI ke mizraNa ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza jisa ardhamAgadhI meM hotA thA, vaha ardhamAgadhI yaha nahIM hai| usa prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kA svarUpa aneka bhASAoM ke mizraNa se taiyAra huA thaa| ardhamAgadhI zabda svayaM hI isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki isake svarUpa meM Adhe lakSaNa mAgadhI ke tathA Adhe itara bhASAoM ke mizrita the| jinasenAcArya ne isa bhASA kI vizeSatA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai tvahivyavAgiyamazeSapadArthagarbhA bhASAntarANi sakalAni nidrshyntii| tattvAvabodhamacirAt kurute budhAnAM syAdvAdanIti vihitaandhmtaandhkaaraa|| AdipurANa 23/154 / "arthAt yaha bhASA ardhamAgadhI samasta bhASAoM ke rUpa kA pariNamana karatI hai| isameM aneka bhASAoM kA mizraNa hone se zIghra hI tattvajJAna ko samajha lene kI zakti vartamAna hai| yaha syAdvAdarUpI nIti ke dvArA samasta vivAdoM kA nirAkaraNa karanevAlI hai| "ata eva yaha spaSTa hai ki prAcIna zaurasenI yA jainazaurasenI upalabdha ardhamAgadhI kI apekSA prAcIna hai aura isakA pracAra pUrva, pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata meM sarvatra thaa|" (vhii/pR.44)| prAkRtabhASA evaM jainavidyA ke suprasiddha vidvAn DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI jaina likhate haiM-"uparyukta (AcArAMgAdi) 45 AgamagranthoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI mAnI jAtI hai| arddhamAgadhI kA artha nAnA prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai-jo bhASA Adhe magadhapradeza meM bolI jAtI thI athavA jisameM mAgadhI bhASA kI AdhI pravRttiyA~ pAI jAtI thiiN| yathArthataH ye donoM hI vyutpattiyA~ sArthaka haiM, aura isa bhASA ke aitihAsika svarUpa ko sUcita karatI haiN| mAgadhI bhASA kI mukhyataH tIna vizeSatAe~ thIM- 1. usameM ra kA uccAraNa la hotA thA, 2. tInoM prakAra ke USma Sa, sa, za vargoM ke sthAna para kevala 'za' hI pAyA jAtA thA; aura 3. akArAnta kartAkAraka ekavacana kA rUpa 'o' ke sthAna para 'e' pratyaya dvArA banatA thaa| ina tIna makhya pravRttiyoM meM se arddha-mAgadhI meM karttAkAraka kI ekAravibhakti bahulatA se pAyI jAtI hai| ra kA la kvacit hI hotA hai, tathA tInoM sakAroM ke sthAna para tAlavya 'za'-kAra na ho, dantya 'sa'-kAra hI hotA hai| isa prakAra isa bhASA meM mAgadhI kI AdhI pravRttiyA~ kahIM jA sakatI haiN| isakI zeSa For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra04 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 585 pravRttiyA~ zaurasenI prAkRta se milatI haiM, jisase anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa bhASA kA pracAra magadha ke pazcima pradeza meM rahA hogaa| vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI mata hai ki mUlataH mahAvIra evaM buddha donoM ke upadezoM kI bhASA usa samaya kI arddhamAgadhI rahI hogI, jisase ve upadeza pUrva evaM pazcima kI janatA ko samAnarUpa se subodha ho sake hoNge| kintu pUrvokta upalabhya AgamagranthoM meM hameM usa prAktana arddhamAgadhI kA svarUpa nahIM miltaa| bhASA-zAstriyoM kA mata hai ki usa kAla kI madhyayugIna AryabhASA meM saMyukta vyaMjanoM ke samIkaraNa athavA svarabhakti Adi vidhiyoM se bhASA kA saralIkaraNa to prArambha ho gayA thA, kintu usameM vargoM kA viparivartana jaise ka-ga, ta-da, athavA inake lopa kI prakriyA prAraMbha nahIM huI thii| yaha prakriyA madhyayugIna AryabhASA ke dUsare stara meM prAraMbha huI mAnI jAtI hai, jisakA kAla lagabhaga dUsarI zatI I0 siddha hotA hai| upalabhya Agamagrantha isI stara kI pravRttiyoM se prabhAvita pAye jAte haiN| spaSTataH ye pravRttiyA~ kAlAnusAra unakI maukhika paramparA ke kAraNa unameM samAviSTa ho gaI haiN|" (bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna / pR. 70-71) / SaTkhaNDAgama ke sampAdakIya meM bhI DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI jaina ne yahI bAta kahI hai-"vastutaH jaina sAhityika itihAsa ke liye yaha eka mahAn upalabdhi hogI, yadi kisI jaina grantha kI racanA vikramapUrva dvitIya yA prathama zatAbdI kI siddha kI jA ske| vartamAna jaina prAkRtasAhitya meM aisI siddhi kI kSamatA to kisI bhI racanA meM dikhAI nahIM detI, kyoMki unakI bhASAtmaka vRtti madhya-bhAratIya-bhASA (Middle IndoAryans) ke prathama stara kI nahIM pAyI jAtI, kintu dvitIya stara kI hai, jisakA prArambha vikrama kI dvitIya zatI se pUrva huA hI nahIM thA, udAharaNArtha, paNNavaNAsutta meM Aye 'loe' (loke), 'bhayavayA' (bhagavatA), 'suya' (zruta), 'diTivAya' (dRSTivAda), "ThiI (sthiti), 'veyaNA' (vedanA) Adi jaise madhyavartI vyaMjanoMkA lopa aura unake sthAna para ya-zruti ke Adeza kI pravRtti dvitIya zatI se pUrva kI prAkRta bhASAoM meM nahIM miltii| ina pUrvavartI bhASAoM kA svarUpa hameM pAli-tripiTaka, azoka, khAravela tathA suMga aura AMdhravaMzIya zilAlekhoM evaM azvaghoSa ke nATakoM meM milatA hai, jahA~ madhyavartI vyaMjanoM ke lopa kI pravRtti kA abhAva hai| yaha vyaMjana-lopa-vRtti dUsarI zatI ke pazcAt prArambha huI aura yahI mahArASTrI prAkRta kA vizeSa lakSaNa bana gyii| isI ke jaina-prAkRta-sAhitya meM pracuratA se prayoga ke kAraNa pizela Adi vidvAnoM ne jaina prAkRta racanAoM kI bhASAoM ko jainamahArASTrI va jainazaurasenI kI saMjJA dI hai| ataH isa bhASAvijJAna ke prakAza meM paNNavaNAsutta kI racanA ko dvitIya zatI se pUrva kI kadApi svIkRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|" (smpaadkiiy| pR.9/Sa.kha./ pu.1)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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586 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra04 ina tathyoM ko dekhate hue yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki zvetAmbara-AgamasAhitya Arambha se hI ardhamAgadhI meM nibaddha thA, to vaha pA~cavIM yA dUsarI zatAbdI I0 ke bAda racA huA siddha hogaa| isake pUrva kisI bhI rUpa meM, kisI bhI bhASA meM usakA astitva pramANita na ho skegaa| kintu hama dekhate haiM ki I0 pUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM huI pATaliputravAcanA ke samaya se zvetAmbara-AgamasAhitya atiparamparA se calA A rahA thA aura IsA kI caturtha zatI ke AraMbha meM jo dUsarI vAcanA mathurA meM huI thI, usameM punaH saMkalita AgamasAhitya zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha thA, yaha 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' kI vijayodayATIkA meM diye gaye uddharaNoM se siddha hai| ataH yahI siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbaraAgamasAhitya kI mUlabhASA zaurasenI thI, jise zrI devarddhigaNI ke netRtva meM huI valabhIvAcanA meM ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita kara diyA gyaa| yApanIyasaMgha kA lopa kyoM huA? isa viSaya meM mAnanIya paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI likhate haiM- "isa saMgha kA lopa kaba huA aura kina-kina kAraNoM se huA, ina praznoM kA uttara denA to bahuta parizramasAdhya hai, parantu abhI taka kI khoja se yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka yaha sampradAya jIvita thaa| kAgabAr3e ke za0 saM0 1316 (vi0 sa0 1451) ke zilAlekha meM, jo jainamandira ke bhauMhire meM hai, yApanIyasaMgha ke dharmakIrti aura nAgacandra ke samAdhilekhoM kA ullekha hai| inake guru nemicandra ko tuluba-rAjya-sthApanAcArya kI upAdhi dI huI hai, jo isa bAta kI dyotaka hai ki ve eka bar3e rAjamAnya vyakti the aura isalie saMbhava hai ki unake bAda bhI sau pacAsa varSa taka isa sampradAya kA astitva rahA ho|" (jai.sA. i./pr.sN./pr.42)| merI dRSTi se isa sampradAya ke lopa ke bIja isakI saiddhAntika asaMgatatA aura sAdhuoM kI gRhasthavat laukika pravRttiyoM meM antarnihita the| yApanIyamata atyanta ayuktisaMgata mata thaa| jaisA ki DaoN. sAgaramala jI kA mAnanA hai, vaha digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAoM ke bIca yojaka kar3I ke rUpa meM vikasita huA thA,165 arthAt usane Adhe digambaratva aura Adhe zvetAmbaratva ko lekara eka saMyukta mokSamArga banAne kA prayatna kiyA thaa| yaha do bhinnajAtIya puruSoM ke AdheAdhe zarIra ko lekara ekajAtIya, eka puruSa kA zarIra banAne kI ceSTA thI, jo asvAbhAvika hone ke kAraNa saphala nahIM huii| mokSa kI dRSTi se na to vaha acelatva kA hI aucitya siddha kara sakA, na sacelatva kA hii| jaba vastradhAraNa mokSa meM bAdhaka nahIM hai, taba 165. jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya / lekhakIya / pR.V| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra04 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 587 nagna rahane kA aucitya kyA hai? aura yadi nagnatva se hI mokSa saMbhava hai, to savastratA ke apavAdamArga kI guMjAiza kahA~ hai? ina tarkoM kA yApanIyoM ke pAsa koI uttara nahIM thaa| isalie apane-apane darzana para dRr3ha rahanevAle digambara aura zvetAmbara, donoM yApanIyamata kI ora AkRSTa nahIM hue| tathA Age calakara bhikSAdi kI suvidhA ke lie bhI nagnatva anivArya nahIM raha gayA thA, kyoMki zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ko bharaNapoSaNa ke lie rAjAoM se grAmAdi dAna meM milane lage the tathA digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM maThavAsI aura caityavAsI sAdhuoM ke sampradAya utpanna ho gaye the, jo mantra-tantra, pUjA-vidhAna Adi ke camatkAroM se rAjA-prajA donoM ko prabhAvita kara unase bhUmi-grAma Adi kA dAna prApta karane lage the| isa prakAra unhoMne zAnazaukatabharI jindagI jIne kI sthAyI vyavasthA kara lI thii| isalie yApanIya banane kA yaha AkarSaNa bhI nahIM rhaa| phira unake bemela mata para digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM kI ora se prahAra hote rahe hoNge| yadyapi nagnatva ko chor3akara unake sabhI siddhAnta zvetAmbaroM ke anukUla the, isalie unake sAtha unakA adhika visaMvAda aura virodha nahIM thA, tathApi jinakalpa yA acelatva kI mAnyatA ko lekara zvetAmbara una para yadA-kadA prahAra avazya karate hoNge| digambaroM ne to unheM jainAbhAsa hI ghoSita kara diyA thA, ataH unakI gardA-nindA kA pAtra to yApanIyoM ko banate hI rahanA par3atA hogaa| isake atirikta kucha samajhadAra yApanIyoM ko bhI apanA bemela siddhAnta arucikara lagane lagA hogA aura bahusaMkhyaka digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM ke bIca meM alpasaMkhyaka banakara jInA bhI kaThina ho rahA hogaa| isake atirikta unake prabhAvahIna ho jAne se rAjAzraya bhI china gayA hogaa| ina kAraNoM se ve apanA sampradAya chor3akara apanI-apanI anukUlatA ke anusAra yA to digambaroM meM mila gaye aura unake siddhAnta apanA liye yA zvetAmbaroM ke siddhAntoM aura veza kA ekAntataH varaNa kara unameM zAmila ho gye| isa taraha IsA kI 15vIM zatI ke bAda yApanIya-sampradAya kA lopa ho gyaa|66 mAnanIya DaoN0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA jI ne bhI mAnA hai ki jaba yApanIyoM ke kaI vicAroM aura AcAroM kA digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM ke dvArA virodha hone lagA, to unheM ina donoM meM, khAsakara digambaroM meM mila jAnA pdd'aa|67 166. nAthUrAma premI : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa / pra. saM. / pR.42| 167. prakAzakIya / pR. 3 / yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya : DaoN0 zrImatI kusuma pttoriyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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paJcama prakaraNa yApanIyagrantha ke lakSaNa katipaya digambara aura zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi digambarajaina-granthoM ko yApanIyagrantha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai| unhoMne isake pakSa meM jo hetu batalAye haiM, unameM se aneka yApanIyagrantha ke lakSaNa nahIM haiM aura jo yApanIyagrantha ke lakSaNa haiM, ve ukta granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| ataH digambaragrantha aura yApanIyagrantha ke bheda kI pahacAna ke lie yaha nizcaya karanA Avazyaka hai ki yApanIyagrantha ke asAdhAraNadharma yA lakSaNa kyA haiM? 168 ___jo dharma kevala vivakSita vastu meM ho, anya vastuoM meM na ho, vaha usa vastu kA asAdhAraNa dharma yA lakSaNa kahalAtA hai|169 ataH jina dharmoM yA vizeSatAoM kA astitva kevala yApanIyamata ke grantha meM saMbhava hai, anya mata ke grantha meM nahIM, ve yApanIyagrantha ke asAdhAraNadharma yA lakSaNa haiN| kisI grantha ke yApanIyagrantha hone yA na hone kA nirNaya ina asAdhAraNadharmarUpa hetuoM kI upalabdhi yA anupalabdhi se hotA hai| isake viparIta jo dharma yApanIyagrantha kA asAdhAraNadharma nahIM hai, apitu yApanIyetaragranthoM meM bhI upalabdha hai yA ho sakatA hai, vaha kisI grantha ke yApanIyagrantha hone yA na hone kA nirNAyaka hetu nahIM haiM, apitu hetvAbhAsa yA ahetu hai| nIce una dharmoM yA vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai, jo yApanIyagrantha ke asAdhAraNadharma yA lakSaNa haiM, jinake sadbhAva yA abhAva se yaha nirNaya hotA hai ki amuka grantha yApanIyamata kA hai yA nhiiN| yApanIya zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko mAnate the, isalie digambaramuniyoM ke samAna mayUrapicchikA-sahita vaikalpika nagnaveza evaM pANitalabhojitva kI svIkRti ke atirikta unakI prAyaH sabhI mAnyatAe~ ve hI thIM, jo zvetAmbaroM kI haiN| ataH yApanIyagrantha vaha hai 1. jo zvetAmbarIya siddhAntoM kA pratipAdaka hote hue bhI zvetAmbaragrantha na ho, arthAt jise zvetAmbaroM ne apanA grantha na mAnA ho| 168. "vytikiirnnvstuvyaavRttiheturlkssnnm|" nyAyadIpikA / 1 / 3 / pR. 5-6 / 169. ka- "asAdhAraNacidrUpatAsvabhAvasadbhAvAccAkAzadharmAdharmakAlapudgalebhyo bhinno --- jIvo nAma pdaarthH|" AtmakhyAti / samayasAra / gA.2 __kh-"lkssnnntvsaadhaarnndhrmvcnm|" kezavamizra : tarkabhASA / upoddhaat| pR.8| For Personal & Private Use Only

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a07/pra05 yApanIyasaMgha kA itihAsa / 589 2. jisameM acelatA aura sacelatA ko samAnarUpa se mokSa kA mArga mAnA gayA ho athavA jisameM pratipAdita niyamoM aura mAnyatAoM ke anusAra savastramukti kA niSedha na hotA ho| 3. jisameM strImukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti aura kevalibhukti kA pratipAdana ho athavA pratipAdita niyamoM aura mAnyatAoM ke dvArA inakA niSedha na hotA ho| 4. jisameM guNasthAna-vyavasthA ko mAnyatA na dI gayI ho arthAt jisameM guNasthAnakrama se ratnatraya kA caramavikAsa hue binA bhI mukti svIkAra kI gaI ho| savastramukti, gRhasthamukti, paratIrthikamukti, samyagdRSTi jIva kI striyoM meM utpatti tathA strI ko tIrthaMkarapada kI prApti mAnanA guNasthAna-vyavasthA ko mAnyatA na dene kA pramANa hai| 5. jisameM vedatraya evaM vedavaiSamya ko amAnya kiyA gayA ho| 6. jisameM 'manuSyinI' zabda kA prayoga dravyastrI aura bhAvastrI, donoM arthoM meM na karake kevala dravyastrI ke artha meM kiyA gayA ho| 7. jisameM vastrapAtrAdi-dravyaparigraha ko parigraha na mAnA gayA ho| 8. jisameM anyadRSTiprazaMsA (anyamataprazaMsA) aura anyadRSTisaMstava (anyamatasamarthana) kA niSedha na ho| 9. jisameM tIrthaMkaraprakRti ke bandhaka solaha kAraNoM ke sthAna meM bIsa kAraNa mAne gaye hoN| 10. jisameM 'kalpa' nAmaka svargoM kI saMkhyA 16 aura 12 donoM na mAnakara kevala 12 hI mAnI gayI ho| 11. jisameM 'anudiza' nAmaka nau svarga svIkAra na kiye gaye hoN| 12. jisameM zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko mAnya kiyA gayA ho aura yApanIyamata ke samarthana meM unase uddharaNa diye gaye hoN| (kintu jisa grantha meM zvetAmbara-AgamoM ko mUla Agama na mAnate hue bhI unake kisI uddharaNa se ekAnta-acelamuktivAda kA samarthana yA tadvirodhI mata kA khaNDana kiyA gayA ho athavA anya kisI prayojana se unakA koI vacana uddhRta karane para bhI ekAnta-acelamuktivAda kA virodha na hotA ho, to use yApanIyagrantha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, digambaragrantha hI mAnanA hogaa)| 13. jisameM strI ko tadbhava-muktiyogya mAnate hue nizcayanaya se (upacAra se nahIM) chedopasthApanIya-cAritra arthAt mahAvratoM ke yogya mAnA gayA ho| For Personal & Private Use Only

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590 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 a07/pra05 14. jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa, vivAha Adi kA samarthana ho| 15. jisa grantha ke kartA ke gaNa, anvaya Adi yApanIyoM se sambaddha hoM, aura grantha bhI yApanIyamata kA samarthaka ho yA virodhI na ho| 16. jisameM kSullaka ko zrAvaka na mAnakara apavAdaliMgadhArI muni kahA gayA ho| 17. jisameM rugNa yA vRddha muni ke lie pAtrAdi meM AhAra lAkara dene kA ullekha ho| (yadi aise ullekha se zrAvakoM ke dvArA AhAra ma~gavAkara rugNa yA vaddha muni ko dilAye jAne kI saMgati baiThatI ho aura grantha ke anya siddhAnta yApanIyamatavirodhI hoM, to use yApanIyagrantha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, vaha digambaragrantha hI hai|) ___yApanIya grantha ke prAyaH ye hI lakSaNa DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne bhI nirdiSTa kiye haiN| kintu unhoMne kucha aise hetu bhI batalAye haiM, jo yApanIyagrantha ke asAdhAraNa dharma nahIM haiN|17deg unakA yathAsthAna nirasana kiyA jaayegaa| 170. jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya / pR. 81-82 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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zabdavizeSa-sUcI prastuta grantha ke prathamakhaNDAntargata prathama adhyAya se lekara saptama adhyAya taka Aye viziSTa zabdoM (vyaktiyoM, sthAnoM, granthoM, lekhoM, abhilekhoM, kathAoM, sampradAyoM, gaNagacchoM ityAdi ke vAcaka tathA pAribhASika zabdoM) kI sUcI nIce dI jA rahI hai| isameM pAdaTippaNIgata zabda bhI samAviSTa haiN| do pRSThAMkoM ke bIca meM prayukta yojakacihna (-) bIca ke pRSThoM kA sUcaka hai| a akalaGkadeva (bhaTTa) 131, 132 aMguttaranikAyapAli 319 - 321, 324, 325 aggivessana (agniveza, nigaNThaputta saccaka kA nAmAntara) 326 agrAvatAra (kaTivastra, zve0 sAdhu) 370 acela, acelaka 4, 17 - 19, 25, 39, 84, 138, 160, 288, 312, 322, 324, 325 acela (sarvathA nirvastra - AcArAMga ) 162, 163 acela (alpacela - zIlAMkAcArya) 162 acela (sad-acela, asad-acela) 159, 176 acela ( mukhyavRttyA acela, upacArata: acela) 177 acelaka ( zvetajIrNaprAya - vastradhArI ) 179 acelakadharma 106 acela kassapa (kAzyapa) - eka nirgrantha muni 325, 329 acelatIrtha 8, 19. acelatva (tA) 39, 93, 155 acelatva, acelatA (mukhya, aupacArika) 7, 177 acelaparamparA 155 acelaliMga 73 acela zrAvaka ( acelakoM ke zrAvaka) 320 acela - saceladharma (utta. sU.) 160 ajAtazatru 315, 316 ajitakumAra zAstrI (paM0) 250, 371 ajitakesakambala (ucchedavAdI) 314 316, 333 atharvaveda 248 adaraguMci-abhilekha 277 adhyAtmaniSTha 277 anagna - acela - jinapratimA 392 anekAntavAda 262, 268 anekAnta (mAsika patra) 166, 2891, 398, 434, 504, 510, 518, 526, 531, 574 andhakavRSNi 374 anyatIrthika (anyamata - pravartaka tIrthaMkarachaha ) 35, 38, 314, 315, 317 apadAna (bauddhagrantha) 107, 115, 145, 297, 313 apabhraMzamaya zAstra 299 aparAjita (zrutakevalI ) 132, 452 aparAjitasUri (vijayodayATIkAkAra) 123, 125, 144, 157 For Personal & Private Use Only

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A 592 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 apavAda (ApavAdika) liMga- yApanIya avimAraka (bhAsakRta nATaka) 260 muni kA sacelaliMga 493, 496 avaidika (zramaNa, digambaramuni) 261 apazakuna (di. jaina muni ke darzana) 270, azubhakarma-nirmUlana (jAbAlopaniSad) 277, 271, 304 278 aphagAnistAna 401, 402 azoka-stambhalekha 65 abhijAtiyA~ (manuSyoM kI, chaha / bauddha- azvaghoSa (bauddhakavi) 251 sAhitya)-tRSNAbhijAti, nIlAbhijAti, azveta bhikSu 56 lohitAbhijAti, haridrAbhijAti, asabhyAvayava-gopana 361 zuklAbhijAti, paramazuklAbhijAti 320 ahariSTi-zramaNasaMgha 390 arahatapUjA 148 ahirikA nigaNThA (ahrIka = nirlajja ariSTanemi (neminAtha) 18, 374 nirgrantha) 140, 310, 311, 312, 314 ardhaphAlaka (vastra kA AdhA Tukar3A) 130, ahrIka 106, 312 456 ardhaphAlaka (sAdhu, saMgha, sampradAya) 373, 377, 378-388, 411, 412, 432, Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana, 457, 460-462, 464, 520 khaNDa 2 (muni nagarAja jI) 104, 174 ardhaphAlakatIrtha-pravartana 461, 462 AgamavAcanA (zve. saMgha)ardhaphAlakadhAriyoM kA zvetAmbarIkaraNa 464 prathama-pATaliputra 420 ardhagAmadhI Agama (sAhitya) 12 dvitIya-kumArIparvata (kaliMga) 422 ardhamAgadhIkaraNa 581, 582 tRtIya-mathurA 422 arihan 299 caturtha-vallabhI 422 arhatAyatana 148 AgnIdhra 262 arhatprokta saddharma 148 AcArAMga 84, 93-95, 99, 101, 125, arhadAyatana 148, 389 126, 162, 163, 165, 167, 213, arhadvali (ekAMgadhArI) 132 226, 480, 584 arhadbhakta 148 -zIlAMkAcAryavRtti 100, 125, 126, alakA zreSThinI 373-375 162, 163, 166-169, 209, 213 alaukika vastra 99, 100, 102 Acelakya 7, 155, 161, 176 altema-abhilekha 390 AjIvika, AjIvaka sampradAya (pravartakaavadhUta saMnyAsI 276, 279 makkhaligozAla) 20, 301-308, avamacela (dvivastradhArI) 162, 163 315, 317,324 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #789
zabdavizeSa-sUcI /593 AjIvakiniyA~ (AjIvika sampradAya kI History of India, 1953) : Sir sAdhviyA~ yA striyA~) 320, 322 ___Mortimer Wheeler 400, 441 AjIvikoM kA AcAra 325-329 iNDasa velI sivilijezana eNDa RSabhadeva : AdinAtha (haThayogavidyopadeSTA) 281, 395 vI.jI. naiyara 403 iNDiyana aiNTikverI (The Indian AntiAdipurANa 250, 395, 584 ApulIya (ApulI) saMgha (yApanIyasaMgha) quary) Vol. XX, October, 1891) 366 494 Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. VIII, AyAgapaTTa 411 __No. 250 396 Arya (elaka) 289 indriya-yApanIya 501 AryaliMgadhArI (elaka) 289 AryakRSNa (boTika zivabhUti ke guru) 38, ha 38, IcavADi (maisUra)-abhilekha 566 43, 118, 119, 225, 383, 477 / IzAdyaSTottara-zatopaniSad 211, 278 AryarakSita (zve. AcArya) 97, 370 AryazUra (jAtakamAlAkAra) 351, 352 ugrasena (kRSNamAtA devakI ke pitA) 374 AryikA rAtrimati-kanti 506 ujjayinI nagarI 459, 460, 462, 464 Aheta (jaina) 147, 148, 268, 282, ur3IsA 474 286 uttaGka (mahAbhAratollikhita brahmarSi) 255, ArhatAnuzAsana (jainamata) 294 256 AlApapaddhati 159 uttamasaMhananadhArI 101 . AvazyakacUrNi 33, 46 uttarapurANa (guNabhadra) 375, 552 Avazyakaniyukti (bhadrabAhu-dvitIya, zve.) uttarabhArata meM jainadharma (cimanalAla jaicaMda 20, 21, 46, 156, 362, 363 zAha) 58, 371, 379, 407, 468 -hAribhadrAyavRtti 21, 37, 44, 48, uttarabhAratIya-sacelAcela-niryanthasaMgha (paramparA. 57, 60 sampradAya)4,11,12,80,83,106AvazyakamUlabhASya 4, 20, 21, 46, 115 108, 110, 114, 115, 151, 383, AzAmbara (digambara) 20 475 (uttara kA nirgrantha-saMgha), 491, AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra 251 558, Aspects of Jainology uttarA (boTika zivabhUta kI bahina) 25, -Vol. II 32, 43, 51 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 19, 84, 126, 160, 164, Indus Valley Civiligation (Cambridge 324, 577, 579 27 da For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #790
594 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 udayagiri (vidizA, ma0 pra0) 412 pArzvanAthapratimA 412 - udayanAcArya (nyAyakusumAMjali - kAra ) 292 udAnapAli (bauddhagrantha) 319, 322 - 324 udyotanasUri (zve0) 515, 522 upacarita nagna 192 upacarita (gauNa) zabda 192, 193, 197, 199 upacarita ( gauNa) artha 194 upacAra 192, 193, 197, 199 upadhi 24, 26 umAsvAti 9 uranUra ( eka sthAna ) 389,555 U Urjayantagiri ( giranAra parvata) 366 Urjayantagiri - vivAda 364, 365 R Rgveda 18, 243, 245 sAyaNabhASya 245 RddhipratihArya-pradarzana 338 RSabha (deva) 18, 396- 398 RSabhanAtha kI savastra - pratimA (zve0 ) 415 e eregittUgaNa - pulikalgaccha 562 elaka 287 - 289 elorA kI bAhubalI - pratimA 412 ai aira (Arya) 536, 537 = ailavaMzaja 537, 538 o odAtavasana (avadAtavasana = zvetavastradhArI zrAvaka) 312, 320, 324, 325, 337 ka kaMsa ( mathurAdhipa ) 374, 376 kAMsya jinapratimA 410 kaMkAlITIlA (mathurA) 368, 371, 372, 432 ekazATaka (ekasATaka) 481 ekazATaka sampradAya 163, 320, 322, 323 kanakopalasambhUta - vRkSamUlagaNa ( yApanIya ) ekazATI (ekasATI = ekasAr3IdhAriNI 390, 570 AryikA ) 348, 350 karjana myUjiyama oNpha ArkiolaoNjI mathurA ekasambI (belagA~va, maisUra) - abhilekha 563 e0 cakravartI nayanAra (prophesara) 70 e0 ena0 upAdhye (AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, DaoN0, pro0) 62, 75, 434, 499, 504 kaTavapra 71 kaTivastra, kaTipaTTa kaTibandha, (colapaTTa) 17, 98, 370 kar3aba (kar3apa) dAnapatra (abhilekha) 563, 565 kaNDUr (kANDUra, kADUra) gaNa 492, 565 kaNha (kRSNa) 370, 379 kaNha zramaNa 377, 378, 379 kadambavaMza 141 kanakapura 527 395 karmavAda (karmasiddhAnta) 299 karmasaMnyAsI 278 kaliMgajina - pratimA 405 - 408, 529 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #791
zabdavizeSa-sUcI / 595 kaliMgadeza 408 kAmbalatIrtha, kAmbalikatIrtha (zvetAmbara kalpa (sAdhuoM kA AcAra) 84, 155, sampradAya) 453, 456, 457 161 kAyaniSIdI 517 kalpaniyukti (kalpasUtraniyukti) 84, 102, kAyanaiSedhikI 523 155 kAyanisIdI 523 kalpasUtra 375, 476 kAyotsargadhyAnamudrA 395 - kalpakaumudITIkA 161 kAyotsargamudrA 395 - kalpalatAvyAkhyA 23, 55 kArakala-bAhubalI-pratimA 412 - sthavirAvalI (therAvalI) 371, kAlagrahaNa 26 372, 467, 476 kAladravya 506 kalyANanagara 489, 492 kAlalabdhi 381 kalyANavijaya (zve. muni) 3, 4, 20, kAlavaGgagrAma 141 28-31, 60, 61, 64, 67,76, 77, kAlidAsa 260 96-98, 301, 319, 321, 323, kAlidAsa-tithisaMzuddhi (DaoN0 rAmacandra 324, 329, 330, 333, 351, 352, tivArI) 261 369, 445, 526, 531, 540, 556 kAvyAnuzAsana (hemacandra) 190, 191, 194 kallUraguDDa-abhilekha 566 kAvyAnuzAsana-svopajJaTIkA 191, 194 . kasAyapAhuDa (kaSAyaprAbhRta) 10, 223 / kAvyaprakAza (mammaTa) 193, 195 - cUrNisUtra 10, 11 kAzika-paMcastUpAnvaya 65 kastUramala bA~ThiyA 452 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla (DaoN0) 76, 403, kahAnajI (zve. muni, pazcAt di. zrAvaka) 405, 409, 410, 427, 519, 520, 137 553, 554 kADUNa 565 kAzyapagotrIya godAsa (bhadrabAhu ke ziSya) kANUra (krANUra) gaNa 429, 433, 565, 476 566 kASThAsaMgha 49, 79, 434, 513, 572 kAdambarI (bANabhaTTa) 19, 282 kityAcArya (yApanIya) 565 kAntisAgara muni (zve.) 394, 430 kItha (Keith) e. bI. 448 kApAlika (sarajaska) 294 kuTIcaka saMnyAsI 279 kApila 282 kuNDapura (kuNDagrAma) 331 kAmatAprasAda jaina (bAbU) 310,321,329, kuNDalakesittherIvatthu (dhammapada-aTThakathA) 526, 531 346, 347 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #792
596 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 kundakunda AcArya 4, 9, 30, 31, 38, 6070, 74, 81, 82, 132, 231, 473 kundakundAnvaya 492, 566 kumaragiri - kumArIgiri (khaNDagiri - udayagiri) 405, 517 kumAragupta (guptasamrAT) 412 kumAranandI bhaTTAraka 9 kumAranandi siddhAntadeva 9 kumudigaNa 564 kumuligaNa 564 kumbhajAtaka (jAtakamAlA) 351 kuvalayamAlA (udyotanasUri, zve0) 515 kuzacIra 318 kuSANakAlIna jinapratimAe~ 18 kUrcaka ( eka jaina sampradAya) 64, 107, 114, 141, 389, 556, 557, 570 kUrmapurANa 287 kRza sAMkRtya (kiso saGkicco) 326, 327 kRSNajanma 374, 375 kevalibhukti (kavalAhAra) 53, 458, 572 kevalibhuktiniSedha 54 kevalibhuktiprakaraNa (pAlyakIrtizAkaTAyana) 486, 575 kezaluMcana 282 kezI 243, 245, 246 kezI - gautama (saMvAda) 84 kaimbrija vizvavidyAlaya 338 kaivalya 242 koGgaNivarmA ( mahAdhirAja ) 562 koTivarSIyA (godAsagaNa kI zAkhA ) 411, 476 koTTikagaNa 372, 411 kolhApura- maMgalavArapeTha-mandira - abhilekha 564 koSakalpataru 254 kauTilya (arthazAstrakAra) 258 kauNDinya- koTTavIra 22,5860 kaupIna 129 krANUr (kANUr) gaNa ( digambarasaMgha ) 492, 565 kliSTa kalpanA (kSu0 jinendra varNI) granthasAra - pRSTha : chiyAnave kSapaNa (khamaNa, khavaNa = digambara jaina muni) 253, 254, 298, 364 kSapaNaka, nagnakSapaNaka ( digambara jaina muni) 19, 22, 252 (vyutpatti), 253259, 269, 282, 293 - 296 kSapaNakavihAra 259 kSAravela (khAravela) 523 kSunadeva ( ziznadeva ) 402 kSullaka 289, 472 kSemakIrti (zve0 AcArya) 177, 188 kha Cambridge History of India 1953, khaNDagiri - udayagiri (kumaragiri-kumArI plate XXIII 403 giri) 405, 528 kailAzacandra zAstrI (paM0) 56, 71, 73, 101, 183, 271, 272, 331, 380, 466, 467, 580 khaNDacelaka (elaka) 289 khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava ( muni kAntisAgara ) 394 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #793
zabdavizeSa-sUcI /597 khamaNa (kSapaNa, kSapaNaka) : dekhiye 'ksspnn'| guNasthAnavikAsavAda (vAdI) 11 khamaNa pAsaMDI (digambaramuni) 364 guNasthAnasiddhAnta 11 kharA so merA (DaoN0 sudIpa jaina) 582 guptakAlIna jinapratimAe~ 18, 412 khAravela, khAravelasirI (jainasamrATa) 405, guphA-abhilekha (tamilanADu) 478 424-428,517, 523-526, 537- guruparamparA se prApta di0 jaina Agama : eka 539 itihAsa 133, 137 khAravela (rAjA) aura usakA vaMza (lekha gulAbacandra caudharI (DaoN0) 47, 75, 434, __ muni kalyANavijaya jI) 526 / 564 khAravela (rAjA) aura usakA vaMza (lekha gihI odAtavasana acelasAvaka (nagna bAbU kAmatAprasAda) 531 nirgranthoM ke zvetavastradhArI zrAvakakhAravela (rAjA) aura himavanta therAvalI aMguttaranikAya) 312 (lekha-muni kalyANa-vijaya jI) 540 guhanandI (AcArya) 65, 142 khAravela (cakravartI) aura himavanta therAvalI (lekha-kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla) 554 gRdhrapiccha (AcArya, tattvArthasUtrakAra) 10, khAravela-prazasti aura jainadharma kI prAcInatA 132 (kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla) 405 gRhI-pAtra 475 khAravela-prazasti : punarmUlyAMkana (candra gokula 374 kAntabAlI, zAstrI) 405, 523, 525 godAsa 476 khuddakanikAya (bauddha piTakasAhitya kA eka godAsagaNa 411, 476 bhAga) 313, 340 godAsagaNa kA abhilekha (dakSiNa bhArata meM) khuzaro nauzeravA~ 258 476 godAsagaNa kI cAra zAkhAe~ 476 gaganaparidhAna 273 gopAMcala 477 gaNadhara (AcArya) 457 gopyasaMgha (yApanIyasaMgha) 49, 50, 477, gaNabheda (grantha) 509 485, 560, 572 gaNDAditya, gaNDarAditya (rAjA) 506 / gommaTasAra 137 gandhadhUpasumanodIpa (pUjA dravya) 142 govardhana (zrutakevalI) 132, 447 gucchaka 26 grantha (parigraha) 7, 138, 139 (Abhyantara, guNadhara (AcArya) 132 guNabhadra (AcArya) 132, 375 guNaratnasUri (SaTdarzanasamuccaya-TIkAkAra) cakradharabhikSu 56 49,486 / caNDarAya (rAjA) 527 bAhya) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #794
598 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 candrakAnta bAlI zAstrI 405 chaLabhijAtasutta (aMguttaranikAya) 320, 324, candrakSAnta muni (kUrcaka) 390 330 candragupta maurya (samrATa) 63, 71, 407, chaha abhijAtiyA~ (manuSyoM kI)-tRSNA453, 459, 474 bhijAti, nIlAbhijAti, lohitAbhijAti candranandyAcArya (digambara) 555 haridrAbhijAti, zuklAbhijAti, paramacandralekhA rAnI (ardhaphAlakasaMgha kI ziSyA) zuklAbhijAti 320 460 chedapiNDa (chedapiNDaprAyazcitta)10 camarIbAla-picchikA 49 chedazAstra 10 cANakyazataka 18, 257 cAturmAsa 56 jaTila (eka sampradAya) 322 cAturyAmasaMvarasaMvRta 316 jar3ayoga 276 cAmuNDarAya (gaMganareza rAjamalla ke mahAmaMtrI) janamejaya (parIkSitaputra, mahAbhArata) 256 412 jambUsvAmI 24, 27,94,106,132, 446, cArvAkamata 268 447, 463, 514 cikkamAgar3i-vasavaNNamandira-stambhalekha jambUsvAmi-nirvANAnantara vyucchinna huyIM 428, 433, 434 manuSya kI dasa yogyatAe~ 448, 449 cimanalAla jaicaMdazAha 371, 379 jayadhavalATIkA 331 cIvara 129 jayabhagavAna eDavokeTa 398 cullapaTTaka (kaTivastra, zve0 sAdhu) 370 jayantabhaTTa (nyAyamaMjarIkAra) 292 cUlakAliGgajAtakavaNNanA (jAtaka aTTha- jayasena AcArya 132 kathA) 334 jarAsandha (magadhanareza) 374 cULasaccakasutta (majhimanikAya, bhA.1) jalapavitra (pAnI chAnane kA vastra) 277 330, 332, 333 jAtaka-aTThakathA 334 ceTavaMza 526, 527 jAtakapALi 311 cedirASTra 537, 538 jAtakamAlA (bauddha AryazUra) 351 cedivaMza 526, 527 jAtarUpa, jAtarUpadhara 211 / celakhaNDadhara (elaka) 288, 289 jApulisaMgha (yApanIyasaMgha) 510 celapariveSTitAGga 144 jAbAlopaniSad 277 colapaTTa 17, 87, 164, 372 jAvaligeya 510 jinakalpa (sacela, zvetAmbarIya) 6, 17, chalavAda 445 39, 86, 91, 102, 103 cha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #795
___ 396 zabdavizeSa-sUcI /599 jinakalpa (digambara acelaliMga kA jinendradevatA 141 zvetAmbarAcAryoM evaM bRhatprabhAcandrAcArya jinendra varNI, kSullaka-granthasAra pRSTha : dvArA kiyA gayA nAmakaraNa) 6, 24, chiyAnave (kliSTa kalpanA) 38-40, 73, 94- 96, 99, 100, jinezvara (mohena-jo-dar3o kI mRnmudrA para) 101, 103, 104 jinakalpika-upakaraNa (upadhi-zve0) 24, jItakalpabhASya (jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa) 86-89 84, 161 jinakalpika sAdhu (zve0) 24, 26, 86, jIvaka kaumArabhRtya (vaidya) 315 90, 101, 102 jIvantasvAmI-pratimA (zve0) 414, 432 jinakalpa-vyuccheda 87, 94 jugalakizora mukhtAra (paM0) 526, 531, jinakalpa-sthavirakalpa (digambaramAnya) 85 538, 540 jinakalpa-sthavirakalpa (zvetAmbaramAnya) jaikobI (harmana, DaoN0) 323, 324, 466, 86-93 _ 515 jinakalpa-sthavirakalpa-bhedotpAdana 455 jaina 147, 282, 286 jinacandra prathama (di0 AcArya) 4 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jinacandra (zve0 AcArya) 115, 458, 460 (devendramuni zAstrI) 45,46,58,172, jinadAsa zreSThI 489 451, 468 jinanandI AcArya (yApanIya) 390 jainadarzana (isa zabda kI nirukti) 147 jinapUjAdravya 142 jainadharma aura darzana (muni pramANasAgara) 396jinapUjAvidhi 431 . 398 jinapratimA jinasArisI 387, 418 jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa (AcArya jinabimba (zvetAmbaramAnya) 368 hastImala) jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa 3, 17, 95, 106, - (bhAga 2) 58, 136, 429, 431 156, 175, 177, 180, 359 - (bhAga 3) 93, 416, 417,421, jinabhASita (mAsika patra) 386 424, 426, 429, 494 jinamata 147 jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya (DaoN0 sAgaramala jinavijaya (zve. muni) 367, 371, 517, jaina) 10-12, 32-34,56,59,74, 552, 554 81-84, 111-113, 379, 381jinazAsana 147 384, 435, 469-473, 482, 494, jinasena AcArya (AdipurANakAra) 132 500, 595, 570-572, 574, 580, 582, 586, 590 jinAgamoM kI mUlabhASA 582 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #796
600 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsa yAtrA (DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina) 74, 84, 109, 111, 116, 411, 431, 436, 474, 476, 480, 481, 573 jaina sAhitya meM vikAra ( paM0 becaradAsa ) 42, 58, 102, 104, 105, 450 jainasiddhAnta bhAskara ( mAsika patra) 380 jainAbhAsa (gopucchaka Adi pA~ca) 386 jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya (zve0 sAdhvI jainijma ina aralI mIDievala karnATaka saMghamitrA ) 94, 452 jainamUrtikalA 371 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha ( mA.ca.) (bhAga 1) 63, 453 ( bhAga 2 ) 65, 141, 148, 300, 331, 390, 434, 436, 499, 562, 563, 565-567 -- (bhAga 3) 75, 143, 429, 434, 556, 564, 290, 293, 463, 464 ( bhAga 4 / bhA. jJA.) 65, 142, jainopadeza 147 joiMdudeva ( yogIndudeva) 253 joharApurakara (vidyAdhara, DaoN0, pro0) 142 jJAtA- (jJAtR)-dharmakathAMga 507 jJAnasaMnyAsI 278 jJAnavairAgyasaMnyAsI 278 jJAnasAgara (AcArya) 132 433, 563, 565-567 jaina zramaNa kI pratimA (ardhaphAlaka sAdhu kI jJAnasAgara ( upAdhyAya) 133, 474 pratimA) 475 jJAnArNava 220 jainasandeza ( zodhAMka 33) 373 jyotiprasAda jaina (DaoN0) 373, 377, 406 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ( nAthUrAma premI ) Ta prathama saMskaraNa 366, 367, 576, TI0 ena0 rAmacandran 398, 399, 437, 442 579, 586, 587 Da dvitIya saMskaraNa 55 - - jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI ) - pUrvapIThikA 73, 74, 101, -183, 248, 272, 307, 332, 371, 380, 396, 409, 447, 450, 451, 462, 467, 577 jainasAhitya kA itihAsa (gujarAtI) 450 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 3 (DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA) 20 (rAmabhUSaNaprasAda) 416 jainendra vyAkaraNa (pUjyapAda devanandI) 65 jainendrasiddhAntakoza ( bhAga 1 ) granthasAra pRSTha : sattAnave, 288 DaoNyalaoNgja Aph buddha 310 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha 558, 563, 567 Na NAha, NAya, NAta kula (nAthakula - mahAvIra kA vaMza) 331 NamokAra mahAmantra 147 ta takSaka (nAgarAja - mahAbhArata ) 255 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #797
zabdavizeSa-sUcI /601 tattvanirNayaprAsAda (zve0 muni vijayAnanda tIrthaMkaraliMga 6 sUrIzvara AtmArAma) 57, 368, 369, tuMgiyA nagarI 417, 418 372, 387 tuMgIyAyana-gotrIya Arya yazobhadra 476 tattvArtha (tattvArthasUtra) 12, 84, 124, 221, turIyAtIta saMnyAsI 279 222 turIyAtItopaniSad 279 tattvArtharAjavArtika (tattvArthavArtika) 129, taittirIya AraNyaka 249 216 taittirIyasaMhitA 248 tattvArthasUtra (vivecanasahita-paM0 sukhalAla tripiTaka (bauddhasAhitya) 311 saMghavI) 213, 222, 227 . trizalA 375 tattvArthasUtra (bRhatprabhAcandra) 10 tattvArthAdhigamabhASya (tattvArthabhASya) 124, triSaSTizalAkApuruSa-carita : (hemacandra) 373, 375 230 tapAgacchapaTTAvalI 427, 429 trairAzika (eka dArzanika sampradAya) 20, tamilajaina 474 301-304 tamilanADu (tamilapradeza) 72, 110, 474 therI apadAna (bauddhakathA grantha) 313 tamilanADu meM jaina-abhilekhayukta guphAe~ 477 therIgAthA 348 tamilasAhitya evaM bhASA ke vikAsa meM therIgAthA-aTThakathA 346 jainazramaNoM kA yogadAna 478 tarkabhASA (kezava mizra) 181, 588 saNapAhuDa (darzanaprAbhRta) 76 tANDya brAhmaNa 248 - zrutasAgaraTIkA 76, 416, 433, tAmraliptikA (godAsagaNa kI zAkhA) 411, / 476 dakSiNa (dakSiNApatha) 76 titthayara (tIrthaMkara) 314 dakSiNa kA acela nirgranthasaMgha bhadrabAhu titthiya (tIrthika) 317, 318 (zrutakevalI) kI paramparA se vikasita titthogAliyapayannu (tIrthodgAlika) 420, 110, 476, 557, 558 466 dakSiNa-prasthita nirgranthasaMgha 474 tintrika (tintriNIka) gaccha 429, 433, dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma (paM0 kailAzacandra 566 ___zAstrI) 71 tirUkurala (tamilakAvya, jainAcAryakRta) 478 dakSiNabhAratIya nirgranthasaMgha 81, 82, 571 tiloyapaNNattI (trilokaprajJapti) 10, 331 dakSiNa bihAra 474 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcAryaparamparA daDaga (maisUra)-abhilekha 566 65, 137, 249, 582 darabArIlAla koThiyA, nyAyAcArya (paM0) 587 486 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #798
602 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 darzanasAra (A0 devasena) 79, 115, 384, dIghanikAyapALi 312, 314-317, 325, 489, 512, 513 328, 330, 337 / dalasukha mAlavaNiyA (paM0) 4, 9, 32, 43, dRSTivAda aMga 471, 465, 467 51, 240 devakI (kRSNamAtA) 373-375 dazavaikAlikasUtra (zve0) 36, 138, 167, devagar3ha kI bAhubali-pratimA 412 171, 215, 451 devagiri-tAmrapatralekha (zrIvijayazivamRgeza- hAribhadrIya vRtti 131, 215 __ varmA) 107, 141, 149, 150 dazA (zizna) 339 devagiri-tAmrapatralekha (devavarmA) 390, 434 dAThAvaMsa (bauddhagrantha) 311 devatAzrita nAma (jainadarzana kA) 147 dArzanika vikAsavAda 9 devadUSya vastra 359, 361, 415 dAsIkaTikA (godAsagaNa kI zAkhA) 411, devanandA brAhmaNI 375 576 devanandI, pUjyapAda svAmI, (dekhiye, 'pUjyadikpaTa 20 pAda') digambara (jainamuni) 258, 262, 267, 283, devarddhigaNi-kSamAzramaNa 102, 422, 423, 292, 293, 572 449, 463, 576 digambara-ardhaphAlaka-bheda 464 devasena (AcArya, darzanasAra ke kartA) 458 digambaratva aura digambaramuni (kAmatAprasAda devasena (prAkRta-bhAvasaMgrahakAra) 457, 458 jaina) 312 devendra muni zAstrI 172 digambaraparamparA kA pUrvaja dakSiNa-prasthita dezabhUSaNa (AcArya) 132 acela nirgranthasaMgha 480 deziya (dezIya, dezI) gaNa 566 digambaramata 4, 294, 573 dehalI-ToparA-saptama-stambhalekha (samrATa digambaramudrA 156 azoka) 65, 140 digambarajainasaMgha (sampradAya, paramparA) 5, 20, drAvir3asaMgha 79, 434, 513 144, 434, 445, 446, 472, 473, dvAdazavarSIyadurbhikSa 377, 452, 457, 463 572 digambara-zvetAmbara-bheda 445, 474, 464, dhammapada (bauddhagrantha) 343 472 dhammapada-aTThakathA 310, 340, 342, 346, digvAsas 9, 268, 271, 298, 485, 486 352 divyAvadAna (bauddhagrantha) 107, 115, 310, dharasena (AcArya) 132 338, 339, 352, 353 dharmanandI AcArya (ahariSTizramaNasaMgha) 390 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #799
zabdavizeSa-sUcI /603 dharmalAbha ho (AzIrvacana-zvetAmbara, nandimitra (zrutakevalI) 132, 447 yApanIya) 49, 50, 493, 572 nayanAra (tamilajaina) 474 dharmavRddhi ho (AzIrvAda-digambara) 49, narendrasAgara sUri (zve0 AcArya) 128 50, 258, 259, 493, 572 nAgarI pracAriNI (patrikA) 518 dharmazATa-praticchanna (dharmavastra se AcchAdita nAgnyaparISaha 130 __ = nagna) 339 nAgnyaparISahajaya 7, 99 dharmasaMgrahaNIsUtra (zve0) 361 nAgnyaliMga 49, 572 - vRtti 88, 361 nAgnyavrata 54 dharmasAgara upAdhyAya (pravacanaparIkSA-kAra, nATakasamayasAra 137 zve0) 6, 393 nAthUrAma premI, paM0 10, 55, 512 nAbhi (tI0 RSabhadeva ke pitA) 241, nakSatra (ekAdazAMgadhArI) 132 262-264 nagarAja DI0 liT0, zvetAmbaramuni 104, nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad 279, 280 173, 345, 346, 349, 350, 447 nArAyaNa (trikhaNDacakravartI) 374 naggasamaNaka (nagnazramaNaka) 340 nArikelamaya pAnapAtra (kamaNDalu) 285 naggikapaTikkhepakathA (mahAvagga-pAli) 317 nArImukti 364 nagna (digambaramuni) 261, 262, 267, nigaMTha (nigaNTha) 65, 140, 311, 316, 271, 285, 290 322,330,331,334,340 (nigaNTha nagnaka (digambaramuni) 258, 339 = naggasamaNa), 348, 350 nagna kSapaNa (naggakhavaNo) 18, 53 nigaNThanATaputta, nigaNThanAtaputta 310, 312, nagnakSapaNaka 251, 254, 256, 257, 259, 314, 315, 330, 331, 333, 337, 282 nagna jinapratimA 386, 431, 432 / nigaNThaputtasaccaka, saccakanigaNTho (nirgrantha sampradAya kA saccaka nAmaka zrAvaka) nagnATa 298 325-327, 329-334 nagnATaka 19, 282 nigaNThavatthu-aTThakathA (dhammapada-aTThakathA) nathamala TA~TiyA, DaoN0 582 342, 345 nandagopa 374 nigaNThasutta (aMguttaranikAya) 311 nandarAja (nandivarddhana) 405 nighaNTu 250 nandavatsa (nando vaccho) 326, 327 nimittajJAna 457 nandavaMza 406 nirukta 250 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #800
604 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 nirgrantha (nagna) 7, 18, 65, 107, 115, noNamaMgala-tAmrapatralekha 8, 389, 434, 555 138-140, 143, 144, 261, 271, nyAyakusumAJjali 292 273, 283, 287, 290, 339, 352 nyAyadIpikA 588 (vasanasaMyama-khedamuktaH ) nyAyamaJjarI 292 nirgranthaputra saccaka 325-327 nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti-prastAvanA (paM0 nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha 64, 107, 114, 559 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) 32 nirgrantharUpatA 455 nirgranthazAsana 468 paumacariu (svayambhU) 10 nirgranthazramaNAcArya (guhanandI) 65, 142 paumacariya (vimalasUri) 297 nirgrantha (digambara) saMgha, sampradAya, paramparA pakudha kaccAyana (prakrudha kAtyAyana) 314, 8,64, 84, 144, 150, 151, 331, 315, 333 435, 436, 446, 472, 568, 571, paJca jainAbhAsa 386, 433, 487 . . 573 paJcatantra 18, 258, 260 nizIthacUrNI 427 paJcamavarNI (tamilajaina) 474 nizIthabhASya (visAhagaNi-mahattara) 427 paJcastapanikAya (kAzika) 65, 142 nizchidrapANipAtra (tIrthaMkara) 361 paJcAzaka 19, 84, 160 niSIdi 517 paJcAstikAya 9 niSkaccha (digambaramuni) 261 - prastAvanA (aMgrejI-e0 cakravartI) niSparigraha 38, 39, 277 70 nihnava 46-48, 57 paTTAvalIparAga 370 nihnavamata 6, 120 padmanandI (balAtkAragaNAgraNI bhaTTAraka) 366 nItisAra (indranandI) 487 padmapurANa, padmacarita (raviSeNa) 10, 289 neminAthacaritra 375 padmamahApurANa (vaidika) 254, 283-287 nemicandra (DaoN0, jyotiSAcArya) 582 padmAvatIdevI 428 neminAthacaritra (zve0 grantha) 375 paratIrthika anyatIrthika, parazAsana, anyaneminAhacariu (haribhadrasUri) 375 liMgI-muktiniSedha 38 naigameya (deva) 373 paramahaMsa (bhikSu, saMnyAsI) 276, 278, naigameza (deva) 373, 375 279 naigamezina 373 paramahaMsopaniSad 279 naiSedhikI, naiSIdhikA 519, 523 paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad 280 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #801
zabdavizeSa-sUcI /605 paramAtmaprakAza 253 pASaNDadharma (vedaviruddhadharma) 299 paraloka 316 pASaNDI 144 parigraha 139 pASANaghaTitA sarasvatI 366 parivrAjaka 314, 322, 347 pAsAdikasutta (dIghanikAyapALi, bhAga 3) pariziSTaparva (hemacandrasUri) 465, 466 ___312, 325, 330, 337 pallavaciMdha (pallavacihna) 364, 365 piTaka sAhitya (bauddha) 475 pallavAGkana (aJcalacihna) 364 / piNDaniyukti-malayagirivRtti 214, 215 pahalavI (prAcIna phArasI) 258 pI0 bI0 desAI, DaoN0 505 pahAr3apura-tAmrapatralekha 142 pI0 Ara0 dezamukha 398 pATaliputra-AgamavAcanA (zve0) 420, 465, puNyavijaya (zve. muni) 518,519, 521, 466, 469 522, 523, 554 pANipAtra 26, 49, 283, 475, 572 punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa 492, 565, 570 pANDuraGgabhikSu 56, 304, 306 punnAgavRkSamUlasaMgha 492 pANDurabhikSu 282 punnAra nagara (dakSiNApatha) 453 pAtaJjala yogadarzana 278 purale-abhilekha 566 pAtrakesarikA 26 puSpadanta (ekAMgadhArI) 132 pAtrakesarI stotra 234 pustakagaccha 566 pAtrakesarI svAmI (pAtrasvAmI) 234 / / pUjAdravya (gandhamAlyasumanodIpa) 142 pAtraniryoga 24, 26, 87, 88 pUjyapAda (devanandI) 30, 31, 55, 65, pApajJApaka 518, 519 132 pAramahaMsyadharma 276, 277 pUraNa kassapa (kAzyapa, akriyAvAdI) 316, pArzvanAtha 84 320, 324 pArzvanAthacarita-paMjikA (zubhacandra) 575 pebbolal grAma 389, 555 pArkhApatya 110, 475 pauNDravardhanikA (godAsagaNa kI zAkhA) 411, pAli-tripiTaka 345 476 pAlisAhitya kA itihAsa 313 prajJApanAsUtra, paNNavaNAsutta, pannavaNAsutta (zve0 pAli-hindI koza 324, 327 grantha) 585 pratikramaNagranthatrayI 10 . pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana 485, 486, 560, 575, 589 pratigrahadhara (pAtradhArI) 26 pASaNDa 287 pratimA (= nagnatA) 178 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #802
606 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 pratimAvivAda ( digambara - zve0) 364-366 pratilekhana, pratilekhanA ( picchI) 482 prathamotkRSTa zrAvaka, dvitIyotkRSTa zrAvaka ( kSullaka, elaka) 289 prabodhacandrodaya (nATaka) 254, 293 prabhava svAmI (zve0 zrutakevalI) 172, 447, 451 pramANasAgara (muni) 396-398 pravacanakhiMsA 360 pravacanaparIkSA (svopajJavRttisahita) 6, 36, 42, 53, 54, 86 - 93, 95, 99, 103, 126, 127, 189, 201, 202, 212, 217, 228, 230, 234, 253, 254, 311, 364-366, 387, 393, 496 pravacanasAra 9, 37, 140, 220 tAtparyavRtti (AcArya jayasena) 197 prastAvanA (a~garejI -- DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye) 62 pravacanoDDAha 360 prazamaratiprakaraNa ( umAsvAti, zve0) 231 praznopaniSad 249 zAMkarabhASya 249 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa (DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI) 582 - 584 - prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti (bI0 ena0 lUniyA) 252 prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra (pro0) 396 prAtihAryasUtrakathA (divyAvadAna ) 338 priyavrata 263 - 265 priMsa Apha velsa saMgrahAlaya muMbaI 410 pha epha0 bI0 kAvela (Cowell) 338 phalgumitra, phaggumitta (zvetAmbarAcArya) 580 phUharara ( Dr. Fuhrer) 373, 375 phlITa (DaoN0) 72 ba baMgAla 474 banArasIdAsa ( paM0 kavi) 137 bammavuDa (AryikA rAtrimati - kanti kI ziSyA) 506 barhipicchadhara 262, 267 baladeva upAdhyAya (DaoN0) 250, 251, 260, bahUdaka saMnyAsI 279 bAdAmI kI bAhubalI-pratimA 412 bAhubali kI pratimAe~ 412 prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa (DaoN0 ricArDa pizala) 254 bI0 eca0 haoNjasana ( Hodgson) 338, bI0 ena0 lUniyA 252 bIbhatsadarzana (digambaramuni) 269, 270 buTTarAja, buTTarAya (rAjA) 528 prAkRta vidyA (patrikA, janavarI-mArca 1996) 582 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (DaoN0 jagadIza- buddhaghoSa ( dhammapada - aTThakathAkAra ) 340 joI (saMskRta ke jJAtA hakIma) 258 candra jaina) 20, 360 271 balissaha (zve0 AcArya) 97 ballAladeva 506 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #803
bUhalara (Buhler), DaoN0 373, 375, 380 bRhatkathAkoza (A0 hariSeNa) 10, 453, 489 bRhatkalpasUtra 42, 43, 157, 363 - laghubhASya ( saMghadAsagaNI ) 160, 161, 176, 178, 410 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 251 bRhaddravyasaMgraha-brahmadevavRtti 219 becaradAsa ( paM0) 58, 101, 104, 448, 450 boTika, boDi (saMgha, saMmpradAya) 20, 28, 53, 54, 55, 59, 303, 304 boTikabhakSu 56 boTikamata 23 boTikamatotpattikathA (boTikakathA) 20, 21, 23, 468 bodhapAhuDa 62, 69 - zrutasAgaraTIkA 434, 487 bauddhagrantha 72 bauddhabhikSu 56 bauddhasAhitya 310 baudhAyanagRhyasUtra 251 brahmANDapurANa 290 brAhmIlipi 474, 477 bha bhagavatI ArAdhanA (jaina saM0 saM0 saM0 solApura) 10, 140, 212, 214, 218, 223, 476 vijayodayATIkA (aparAjitasUri ) 10, 123, 125, 128, 138, 144, zabdavizeSa- sUcI / 607 157, 158, 164, 169, 209, 219, 225, 522, 577, 579 bhagavatI sUtra (dekhiye, 'vyAkhyAprajJApti') bhagavadgItA 248, 251 -- zAMkarabhASya 254 bhagavadvAgvAdinI ( ratnarSi, zve0) 55 bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha (bAbU kAmatAprasAda) 310, 329, 333 bhaTTArakaparamparA (A0 hastImala - kalpita) 4, 66 bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana 324, 334, 336 bhaddAkuNDalakesA-therIgAthA - vaNNA -- nirgranthasampradAya meM dIkSita bhadrAkuNDalakezA (therIgAthA - aTThakathA ) 346, 348, 350, 351 - zvetAmbarasampradAya meM dIkSita bhadrAkuNDalakezA ( apadAna grantha) 115, 313, 314, 349, 351 bhadrabAhukathA (prAkRta bhAvasaMgraha) 463 bhadrabAhukathAnaka (bR.ka.ko.) 101, 380, 382, 453, 589 bhadrabAhucarita (ratnanandI) 378, 460, 485, 490, 520 bhadrabAhu tRtIya ( digambara) 115 bhadrabAhunIta acela nirgranthasaMgha 471, 472, * 474 bhadrabAhu - vivAdakathA (pariziSTaparva ) 465 bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI 62, 63, 69, 72, 74, 109, 132, 377, 378, 411, 421 (nepAla meM sthUlabhadra ko 8 pUrvoM kI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #804
608 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 vAcanA, 9 - 10 pUrvoM kI vAcanA pATaliputra meM), 447 (zve0 paramparA meM bhI zrutakevalI ke rUpa meM mAnya), 451, 452, 459, 465, 467-471, 474, 477, 570, 573 bhadrAcArya (digambara jainamuni) 453 - 455 bhadrapura 374, 376 bharata (RSabhaputra, cakravartI) 262, 264 bharatasiMha upAdhyAya 313 bhartRhari-vairAgyazataka 283 bhAgavata purANa 241, 242, 244, 249, 251, 263, 265, 273-277, 281 bhANDika ceSTA (azlIla ceSTA ) 90, 189 bhAdrapadadeza 453 157 bhAvanAdvAtriMzatikA (A0 amitagati ) 220 bhAvasaMgraha (prAkRta - devasena) 457 bhAvasaMgraha ( vAmadeva) 85 bhAsa (nATakakAra) 260 bhikkhurAya (khAravela kI upAdhi) 424, 529 bhikSukopaniSad 277 bhillakasaMgha 513 ma ema0 e0 DhAkI (prophesara ) 9 ema0 DI0 vasantarAja ( DaoN0) 136 ema0 ela0 jaina ( jasTisa ) 166 ema0 ela0 zarmA DaoN0 (bhArata meM saMskRti aura dharma) 397 bhAnucandra (zve0 AcArya) 137 bhAyANI eca0 sI0 DaoN0 (dekhiye, 'ha' varNa) makkhali gosAla ( makkhaliputra gozAla, bhArata, bhAratavarSa 265, 290 ahetuvAdI) 305 - 307, 314-316, 322, 326, 327, 333 bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi 378 bhAratIya purAlekhoM kA adhyayana (DaoN0 zivarUpa sahAya) 337 maGgaladeva zAstrI (DaoN0) 396 majjhimanikAyapALi 242, 310, 326, 328, bhAratIya saMskRti kA vikAsa (vaidika dhArA - DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI) 396 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : (DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina) 241, 247, 404, 411, 412, 415, 585 bhAvanA ( AcArAMga kA 24vA~ adhyayana ) 332, 333, 449 matsyapurANa 261, 262 mathurA 480 mathurA kA kuSANakAlIna zilpa 373 mathurA kI naigameza - mUrtiyA~ 373 mathurA kI prAcIna jinapratimAe~ 369, 371, bhISaNa duSkAla (zve0 ) 421 bhISaNa duSkAla meM kaNThastha pAThoM kA vismaraNa 421 bhISaNa duSkAla meM zAstroM kA anabhyAsa 421 bhUtabali 65, 132, 411 mathurA - zilAlekha 148 manu (svAyambhuva cAkSuSa, vaivasvata) 283, 284 manusmRti 248, 265 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #805
zabdavizeSa-sUcI / 609 mammaTa (kAvyaprakAzakAra) 193, 195 / / mAdhavavarmA (mahAdhirAja) 555 mayUrapicchadhArI 19, 282 mAnavabhojyamImAMsA (muni kalyANavijaya) maladhArI (digambaramuni) 298 351 mahAgiri (AcArya) 96, 97, 133 mAyAmoha 267-269 mahAnandin rAjA 406 mAyUrapicchikA 49, 572 mahAparinibbAnasutta (dIghanikAyapAli, bhA.2) mAlavadeza 459 314 mAvali (maisUra)-abhilekha 566 mahAprANadhyAna : 421, 471, 472 mAvinakere (maisUra)-abhilekha 566 mahAbhArata 18, 251, 252, 256, 257 mukulabhaTTa (mImAMsaka) 193 mahAmeghavAhana khAravela (jaina rAjA) 405, mukhavastrikA 17, 86-88, 383, 475 422, 529, 536, 537 mudrArAkSasa (nATaka) 269, 408 mahAyogI bharata 281 mulagunda (maisUra) zilAlekha 467 mahArAja khAravela (lekha : bAbU choTelAla mUrtipUjA (zve0) 416 jI jaina : 'anekaant'| varSa 1/kiraNa 5) mUrtividhAna (digambarIya) 372 408 mahAvaMza (bauddhagrantha) 72 mUlaguNa 556, 557, 558 mahAvaggapAli (bauddhagrantha) 72, 318 mUlamukhyArtha 190 (naggikapaTikkhepakathA), 318, 500 mUlasaMgha 8, 49, 77, 78, 389, 429, mahAvIra (tIrthaMkara) 80, 84, 317, 331 433-436, 446, 470, 492, 556, mahAvIra-garbhaparivartana 373, 375, 458 / / 557, 558, 565-572 mahAsaccakasutta (majjhimanikAya, bhAga 1) pana (bhiyAna mUlasaMgha-punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa 506, 564 310, 326, 330, 333 mUlasaMghAnvaya-krANUragaNa 463 mahAsIhanAdasutta (dIghanikAyapAli, bhAga 1) mUlAcAra 10, 139, 476 328 mRgezavarmA (kadambavaMza) 64, 141, 352, mahAsIhanAdasutta (majjhimanikAyapAli, bhAga 514 1) 328 mRdukottaradeza 389 mAghanandI (AcArya, ekAMgadhArI) 132 megasthanIja 71 mAghanandI prathama (iNDi. aiNTi. paTTAvalI) medinIkoza 254 merudevI 241, 262, 264 mAthurasaMgha 78, 434, 513, 572 meSapASANagaccha (kundakundAnvaya) 566 mAthurI vAcanA 468, 576, 580, 581 . mokkhapAhuDa 210 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #806
610 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 moniyara moniyara viliamsa saMskRta-iMgliza 500, 502, 506, 508, 512, 515, DikzanarI 254, 502 518,556,557,558,560,563mohanalAla mehatA, DaoN0 515 565, 569-572, 574-577,581mohena-jo-dar3o 18, 394, 400, 403, 586 405 yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya (zrImatI DaoN0 mohena-jo-dar3o kI jinapratimAe~ 394 kusuma paToriyA) 587 mohena-jo-dar3o : jaina paramparA aura pramANa yApanIyagrantha 588, 589 ___ (elAcArya muni vidyAnanda) 395 yApanIyagrantha ke lakSaNa 588-590 maurTimara hvIlara (sara) 400 yApanIyatantra (yApanIya sampradAya kA pramukha ya grantha) 48, 485, 487, 575 yakSA, yakSadinnA (sthUlabhadra kI bahineM) 421 yApanIya-nandisaMgha-punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa .563, yajurveda 401 565 yativRSabha (AcArya) 132 yApanIya-yatigrAmAgraNI (upAdhi) 560 yathAjAtarUpadhara 139, 140, 277 yApanIyasaMgha kI vizeSatAe~ (lakSaNa) 485yazobhadra (di0 muni) 65 488 yazobhadra (zve0 zrutakevalI) 447 yApanIyasaMgha-punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa 564-566 yazobhadra zreSThI 460 yApanIyasaMgha sacelAcelamArgI yApajavaka, yApajAvaka (yApajJApaka) 517 - strImukti, paratIrthika-sagrantha-mukti 519, 521, 522, 554 mAnya 486, 572 Yapan-Saigha (yApanIyasaMgha) 517 - sthavirakalpika-mukti mAnya 487 yApanIya (sukhamaya sthiti-bauddhasAhitya) yApanIya sAhitya 574 501 yApanIya (svazaktyanurUpa pravRtti-zve0 __ yApujavaka 524 sAhitya) 502 yAska (maharSi) 250 yApanIya (vyutpatti) 502 yuga (hindUpurANAnusAra-sat yA kRta yuga, yApanIya (mata, muni, AcArya, saMgha, sampradAya, tretA, dvApara, kali yuga, inakA kAlaparamparA) 4,5, 11, 18,49, 63,76, pramANa) 256, 257 77, 79, 107, 109, 114, 116, yUanaccAMga (yAtrI) 401 141, 352, 353, 390, 416, 417, yU0 pI0 zAha, DaoN0 404, 409, 415 428, 429, 432-434, 445, 470- yogamudrA 394, 395 472, 485, 487-489, 492, 493, yogezvara RSabha 281 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #807
zabdavizeSa-sUcI /611 rAmilla (di0 jaina muni) 453, 454, 455, Ara0 e0 nIla (Neil) 338 469 Ara0 sI0 hAjarA 273 ricArDa pizala (DaoN0) 254 Ara0 narasiMhAcArya (mahAmahopAdhyAya) 71 rudra 401 raktapaTa, raktAmbaradhRk (bauddhasAdhu) 261, rudrasaMhitA 254 268, 273 rUDhArtha 190 rajoharaNa 17, 24, 86, 88, 382 rUDhamukhyArtha 190, 191 rajoharaNadhArI 298 la raDhavag-abhilekha 564 lajjanIyAvayavagopana 361 ratanacandra jaina (pro0, DaoN0) 386 laTakamelaka (nATaka) 254 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra 289 laghujAtaka 272 ratnatrayadeva-abhiSeka-aMgabhoga-raMgabhoga 429 lalitavistarA (haribhadrasUri) 49, 352, 485, ratnatrayadeva-pratimApUjA (digambara) 429,433 488, 511, 575 ratnatrayadevabasadi (digambara) 428, 433 lATadeza (saurASTra) 456 ratnatrayapUjA (yApanIya) 416, 433 lATI saMhitA (paM0 rAjamalla) 289 ratnatrayabasadi-bIliMga-abhilekha 433 liGgapurANa (vaidika) 132, 265 ratnanandI (bhadrabAhucaritakAra) 465, 485 licchavI 334, 335 rathavIrapura (rahavIrapura) 21, 22 lUIsa rAIsa 71 rAcamalla, rAjamalla (gaMgavaMzI nareza, inake lUnakesI (luJcitakesA) 348 ___ mahAmaMtrI cAmuNDarAya the) 412 lokatattvanirNaya 185 rAjamalla, paM0 (lATIsaMhitAkAra) 289 lokarUDhi 199 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI (DaoN0) 395 lokAnuvRttidharma 189, 360 rAdhAvallabha tripAThI (DaoN0) 258, 260, lokAyatika 282 262, 269, 273 lohAnIpura (paTanA, bihAra) 18, 398, 431 rAmacandra tivArI (DaoN0) 261 lohAnIpura-jinapratimA 404, 405, 408, rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara ('saMskRti ke cAra 409, 410, 411, 431 adhyAya' ke lekhaka) 293, 396 rAmaprasAda candA rAyahAdura (pro0) 394, 395 vajra (Arya vajra-zve0 muni) 133 rAmAyaNa (vAlmIki) 250 vajramuni (digambara) 133-136 rAmAyaNa-bhUSaNaTIkA 250 vajrayaza (AcArya) 133 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #808
612 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananadhArI 100 vajrasUcI upaniSad 251 vajrasUri (AcArya) 133 vaTagohAlI (sthAna) 65, 142 vaTTakera (AcArya) 132 vaDDArAdhane (kannar3a grantha) 510 vapravAda (rAjA) 456 varAMgacarita (jaTAsiMhanandI ) 10 varAhamihira (jyotirvida ) 19 varAhamihi-bRhatsaMhitA 271 vardhamAnasAgara (AcArya) 133 valabhI ( valabhI) nagara 457, 458, 460, 463 vallabhI ( valabhI, saurASTra) vAcanA 12, 576 vasudeva (kRSNa ke pitA ) 374 vasunandI - zrAvakAcAra 288 vasuntavATakagrAma 389 vastralabdhi (Rddhi) 6, 7, 99, 100, 103 vastralabdhimAn jinakalpika (zve0 sAdhu) 17, 99 vANArasIvilAsa 387 kara') vidyAnanda muni, elAcArya, AcArya (vartamAna) 133, 376, 395 vidyAsAgara AcArya (mUkamATI-ma kAra) 133 vidvajjanabodhaka 387 vidhimArgaprapA (zve0 sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI) 26 vinayapiTaka 318 vimalasAgara AcArya 132 vimalasUri (zve0 AcArya) 297 vimuktavasana (digambaramuni) 293 vivAdapUrva jinapratimArUpa ( na nagna, na pallavayukta) 364, 365, 366 vizAkhAcArya (dazapUrviyoM meM prathama - candragupta maurya) 132, 453, 454 vAtarazana muni 18, 240, 243, 249, 250, vizAkhAcArya (candragupta se bhinna ) 459, 273 vAtavasana zramaNa 250 vAtsIputrIya bhikSu (bauddha) 475 vAdidevasUri 312 vAyupurANa 271 vAriSeNAcAryasaMgha (kUrccaka sampradAya) 390 vAlabhI paTTAvalI 97 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla (DaoN0) 380, 408, 410 vikramasaMvat 512, 513 vijayAnanda sUrIzvara 'AtmArAma' (zve0 AcArya) 257, 368 vijahanA 339 vidyAdhara joharApurakara (dekhiye 'joharApura - -mahAkAvya 460 vizAlamati (AryikA ) 137 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 40, 95, 126, 156, 175, 203207, 209, 226, 228, 368, 447, 448 - hemacandravRtti 17, 18, 23 - 25, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #809
36-39, 44, 46, 47, 50-52, 60, 86, 90-92, 95, 99, 118 - 121, 125-127, 169, 175 - 177, 201 - 204, 206, 207, 209, 217, 224, 230, 233, 253 vizuddhAnanda pAThaka (bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti) 397 vizvambharasahAya premI (himAlaya meM bhAratIya saMskRti) 397 viSNu ( zrutakevalI ) 132, 447 viSNupurANa 262, 269, 284 viSNusahasranAma 251 visAkhAvatthukathA, vizAkhA 310, 340, 341, 352 vIranirvANa saMvat 80, 81 vIrasAgara AcArya 132 vRddhazrAvaka (elaka - kSullaka) 287 vRSabha: 240, 245, 246, 398, 401 vRhaspatimitra ( puSyamitra) rAjA 405, 406 veNUra - bAhubalipratimA 412 vedavyAsa 257 vena (rAjA) 283 - 287 vaidikadarzana 240 vaidikadhArA-zramaNadhArA 396 vaidika mAithaoNlaoNjI (maikDaoNnala) 247, 403 vaidika sAhitya 239 vaidika sAhitya aura itihAsa ( baladeva upAdhyAya) 250 - 252 vairAgyazataka (bhartRhari) 283 vairAgyasaMnyAsI 278 vaizAlI 334, 335 zabdavizeSa- sUcI / 613 vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatIsUtra ) 93, 417 vrAtya 248, 249 vrAtyastomavidhi 248 za zayyambhava ( zve. zrutakevalI ) 172, 447, 451 zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIrti) (dekhiye, 'pAlyakIrti') zAkaTAyana sUtra (vyAkaraNa) 575 zAntisAgara (AcArya) 132 zAntyAcArya 115, 457-459 zArpoTiyara (DaoN0) 468 zikya (jholI) 277 zikhipatramArjanI ( mayUrapicchI) 285 zivakumAramahArAja (muni) 9 zivabhUti (boTika) 3, 4, 20, 32, 3545, 57, 73, 74, 117, 118, 471, 477, 488, 503 zivamahApurANa 297 - 299 zivamAra (dvitIya) 9 zivamRgezavarmA (kadambavaMzIya rAjA ) 9 zivasAgara (AcArya) 132 zivaskanda varmA (pallavarAja ) 9 zivArya ( bhagavatI - ArAdhanAkAra) 132 ziznadeva 18, 247, 249, 402, 403 zItAdiparISaha ( jaya ) 99, 124, 125 zIlAMkAcArya (zve0 ) 100 zukladhyAnaparAyaNa ( jAbAlopaniSad) 277 zubhaprabhAmaNDala (tIrthaMkaroM kA - zve0) 103, 359, 361, 387 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #810
614 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 zodhAdarza (patrikA), aMka 48, (navambara 2002) 373 zobhanarAya (rAjA) 527, 545 zaurasenIkaraNa 582 zauripura ( AgarA, u. pra.) 374 zramaNa (digambara muni) 261, 273, 477 zramaNa (mAsika patra) 166, 386, 387, 389 zramaNadhArA prAgvaidika 396 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ( muni kalyANavijaya) 20, 21,28-31, 60, 61, 77, 85, 302-308, 310, 323, 324, 329-331, 352, 445, 498 zravaNabelagola kI bAhuvalI - pratimA 412 zravaNabelagola - mahAnavamImaNDapa - stambha - lekha ( kra. 40/64) 63 zrAddha 271 zrAvaka 259, 273, 290, 312 ( acela sAvakA, nigaNThassa nATaputtassa sAvakA) zrIkalaza ( zvetAmbara muni) 489 zrIdatta 65 zrImUla-mUlagaNa - nandisaMghAnvaya (yApanIya) 562, 570 zrImUla- mUlasaMgha ( yApanIya ) 492 zrIlaMkA 474 zrIvijayazivamRgezavarmA (kadambavaMza) 20, 64-66, 141, 143, 350, 391 zrutasAgara muni (zve. pazcAt diga.) 137 zrutasAgara sUri ( bhaTTAraka, 15vIM zatI I0) 76, 416, 428, 433 zRMgerI (maisUra) - abhilekha (kra. 240) 566 zrautasUtra 248 zvetapaTa (seyavaDo) 18, 53, 149, 282, 446 zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha 64, 107, 114, 141, 149, 391, 556 zvetapaTa zramaNasaMgha 138, 146, 393 zvetapaTasaMgha (seva'saMgho) 149 - 151, 458, 557 zvetavastra (setavattha) saMgha 149, 446 zvetavAsas 298 zvetAmbara ( mata, saMgha, sampradAya, paramparA) 109, 114, 172, 230, 434, 446, 460, 513, 514 zvetAmbara Agama aura digambaratva (lekha) 166 zvetAmbara - Agama-lipibaddhIkaraNa 463 zvetAmbaragrantha 74 zvetAmbara - digambara - jinapratimAbheda 365 zvetAmbaramata - samIkSA 250, 292, 372 zvetAmbarasAdhu-lakSaNa ( zivamahApurANa) malinavastradhArI DavastradhArI vastrakhaNDanirmita- mArjanIdhArI phA DI dharmalAbhavAdI 298, 299 zvetAmbara sAhitya kA vikAsa 480 Sa SaTkhaNDAgama (chakkhaMDAgama) 10 SaTkhaNDAgama-prastAvanA, (pro0, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina) 132 ( pustaka 1), 133 (pu.2) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #811
zabdavizeSa-sUcI / 615 SaTprAbhRta 76 saJjaya belaTThaputta (anizcayavAdI) 314SaDdarzanasamuccaya (haribhadrasUri) 146, 147 316, 333 -tarkarahasyadIpikA vRtti (guNaratna) sattajaTilasutta (udAnapAli) 322 49, 59, 147, 148, 296, 301, sattarisayaThANAvRtti 359 486, 511, 572 santaruttaradharma 19, 84, 160 sannyAsena dehatyAga (jAbAlopaniSad) 277 saMskRta-iMgliza DikzanarI (sara ema0 moniyara sanyAsopaniSad 278, 279 viliamsa) 254 sanmatisUtra, sanmatitarka, sanmati 10 saMskRta sAhitya kA abhinava itihAsa (rA0 / saptabhaMgI-vikAsavAda 12 va0 tripAThI) 260, 262, 269, 273 samaNabrAhmaNa (zramaNabrAhmaNa) 314 saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (bala. upA.) samantabhadra svAmI 65, 132 260, 271 samayasAra 63, 69, 137, 223, 231 saMskRta-hindI koza (vAmana zivarAma ApTe) -AtmakhyAtiTIkA (A0 amRtacandra) 253 223, 588 saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya (rAmadhArIsiMha samayasundara gaNI 23, 55, 463 dinakara) 293, 396 samavAyAMgasUtra 223, 362 sagrantha 65, 138 samudravijaya 374 saGgamadeva 376 samprati (maurya samrAT) 365, 407, 410, saGghadAsagaNi-kSamAzramaNa 160, 176 415, 429, 430 saMghabheda 458, 470 sambhUtivijaya (zrutakevalI, zve0) 447 saGghamitrA (zve0 sAdhvI) 94, 452 sarasvatI (sArasvata) gaccha 366 sacela (sacelaka, savastra) 177, 178, sarAka (eka jaina samudAya) 474 sarvAthasiddhi TIkA 65, 130, 144, 222, sacela jaina zramaNasaMgha 145 522 saceladharma 17, 84 savastratIrthopadeza 17 sacela-nirgranthasaMgha 145, 149 savastramukti 458 sacelAcelamArgI (sacelAcela-ubhaya-mukti sAgaramala (DaoN0) 4, 5, 10-12, 32,74, vAdI saMgha) 486, 488, 572, 586, 75,80-83, 144,145, 149, 381, 587 386, 387, 389, 556, 568 saccaka (dekhiye 'nirgranthaputra saccaka') sAGkhyatattvakaumudI 68 sArakhyatA 179 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #812
616 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 sAntaramuttara (prAvaraNIya) 163 - sUrata-tAmrapatralekha 567 sAmagAmasutta (majjhimanikAyapAli, bhAga 3) setavattha (zvetavastra) saMgha 107, 115, 297, 314 sAmaJaphalasutta (dIghanikAyapAli, bhAga 1) senAnvaya (mUlasaMgha) 567 315, 316, 317 saubhAgyamala (zve0 muni) 166 sAmAcArI zataka (samayasundaragaNI) 463 saumyaguNAzrI (zve0 sAdhvI) 26 sAmpradAyika manovijJAna 392 saurASTradeza 456, 457, 460 sAyaNAcArya (Rgveda ke bhASyakAra) 245 skandila (Arya) 422, 423, 424, 580 sAranAtha-laghustambhalekha 337 . Studies In Jaina Art (Dr. U.P. Shah) sAlUra (maisUra)-abhilekha 566 404, 407, 410, 411, 415 sAvalipattana (dakSiNApatha) 456, 457 . strInirvANaprakaraNa (pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana) sAsaNasurikahaNa (zAsanadevIkathana) 364 4 85-488, 575, 581 sitAmbara (zvetAmbara) 149, 297, 298, strIparISaha 130 446 strImukti 458, 572 siddhasena-dvitIya (sanmatisUtrakAra, digambara) strImuktiniSedha 38, 54 (boTika zivabhUti 10, 132 dvArA), 49 siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana 521, 522. sthavirakalpa (digambara) 85 siddhArtha (rAjA) 331. sthavirakalpa (zvetAmbara) 17, 86, 87 sindhughATI 18, 395 sthavirakalpika upakaraNa (upadhi) 87, 89 sindhughATIya (sindhu) sabhyatA 394-398 sthavirakalpika (kalpI) sAdhu (zve0) 17, sindhudeza 454 86-93, 101 . sukhalAla saMghavI (paM0) 213 sthavirakalpika sAdhu (digambara) 85 suttapAhuDa 228, 288, 473 sthAnakavAsI paramparA (zve0) 392 suttapiTaka (bauddhasAhitya) 313 sthAnAMgasUtra 125, 126, 166, 169, 227, sudRSTi (zreSThI) 374 311 sudharmA svAmI 463 sthitikalpa (daza) 161 ... subhadra AcArya (dazAMgadhArI) 132 sthUlabhadra (zve0 AcArya) 96, 110, 421, subhikSa 457, 460 459, 460, 466, 477 suhastI (zve0 AcArya) 97 sthUlavRddha (jainamuni) 453, 454, 455 sthUlAcArya 460, 520 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 331 . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #813
298 zabdavizeSa-sUcI /617 sthUlAtyayadoSa (bauddha) 318 harmana jaikobI, DaoN0 (jarmana vidvAn) 323, smitha (DaoN0 bI0 e0) 71, 373, 375, 324 376 harSacarita (bANabhaTTa) 19, 282 syAdvAdaparIkSA pra0 (tattvasaMgraha) 312 halAyudhakoza (abhidhAnaratnamAlA) 254, syAdvAdaratnAkara (vAdidevasUri) 312 svaprabhAmaNDalAcchAditadeha tIrthaMkara (zve0) halsI-tAmrapatralekha (mRgezavarmA) 107, 141, 361 352 svarNadeza (jAvA-sumAtrA) 474 halsI-tAmrapatralekha kra. 103 (harivarmA) svAti (zve0 AcArya) 97 389 svAmikumAra (svAmI kArtikeya) 132 halsI-tAmrapatralekha kra. 104 (harivarmA) svAminI (valabhI ke rAjA vapravAda kI 390 paTTarAnI) 456 hastApalekhanA (bhojana ke bAda hAtha cATanA) svAyambhuva manu 263 327 svAyambhuva manvantara (kAlapramANa) 266 / / hastImala (zve0 AcArya) 4, 58, 66, 133, 429, 492 haMsasaMnyAsI 279 hAthIgumphAbhilekha (khAravela) 405, 409, 422, 424, 427, 428 haThayogapradIpikA 281 The Hathigumpha Inscription of haThayogavidyA 281 Kharvela and The Bhabru Edict har3appA 398, 400, 403, 405 of Asoka (Dr. Shashikant) 524 har3appA-jinapratimA 398, 400, 411 hAri (naigamezadeva) 374 Harappa And Jainism (T.N. Ram- hindU laoNjika aija prIjarlDa ina cAinA eNDa _chandran) 398, 437, 442 jApAna (grantha) 305 har3appA aura jainadharma (anuvAda) 399 hindU sabhyatA (DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI) hariNigamisI, hariNegamesi (naigamadeva), 396 harinaigamesi 373, 375 himavanta therAvalI 526, 532-536, 540haridrAbhijAtAya zrAvaka (acalAnagrantha sAdhuA 543, 547, 549-551, 552 (jAlI ke zrAvaka-aMguttaranikaya) 312, 320 hone kI sUcanA), 553 haribhadrasUri (zve0 AcArya) 46, 49, 352, hirikopInaGga (hrIkaupInAGga = guptAMga) 344 485, 515, 575 History of Jain Monachism (ShantaharivaMzapurANa 10, 374 ram Bhalchandra Deo) 511,518, hariSeNa AcArya (bRhatkathAkozakAra) 377 520 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #814
618 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 hInasaMhananadhArI 100, 101, 121, 124 hemacandra vijaya (zve0 muni) 11 hIrAlAla jaina, pro0, DaoN0 241, 404, 584 hemacandra sUri, maladhArI (vizeSAvazyakahUli-abhilekha 563, 565 __ bhASya-vRttikAra) 23, 46, 50-52, hetuvindutarkaTIkA 312 217, 224, 230, 233, 253 hemacandra, kalikAlasarvajJa, AcArya haima prAkRta-zabdAnuzAsana (kAlikAlasarvajJa, (vaiyAkaraNa) 191, 194, 253 A0 hemacandra) 288 honnUra-abhilekha 563, 564 For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI aMguttaranikAyapAli (bhAga 3, 4 ) : vihAra rAjakIya pAli - prakAzana maNDala / I0 san 1960 / bhAga 3 > nipAta 6, 7, 8 / bhAga 4 > nipAta 9, 10, 11 / anagAradharmAmRta : paM0 AzAdhara jI / bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI / I0 san 1977 / jJAnadIpikA saMskRtapaJjikA (svopajJa ) / sampAdana- anuvAda : siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI / anuyogadvArasUtra : zrI AryarakSita sthavira / zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (raajsthaan)| -- anuvAdaka-1 5- vivecaka : upAdhyAya zrI kevalamuni jI / abhidhAnacintAmaNi - nAmamAlA : AcArya hemacandra / prakAzaka : zrI rAMderaroDa jainasaMgha, aDAjaNa pATIyA, rAderaroDa, suurt| I0 san 2003 / abhidhAna rAjendra koSa (bhAga 1 se 7), dvitIya saMskaraNa / zrI abhidhAna rAjendra koSa prakAzana saMsthA, ahmdaabaad| I0 san 1986 / 'avimAraka (nATaka) : mahAkavi bhAsa / 'bhAsanATakacakra' caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1998 / aSTapAhuDa : AcArya kundakunda / zAntivIranagara, zrI mahAvIra jI ( rAjasthAna) / I0 san 1968 / - - -- suttapAhuDa / - bodhapAhuDa / bhAvapAhuDa / - * mokkhpaahudd| - liMgapAhuDa | - sIlapAhuDa / dNsnnpaahudd| cArittapAhuDa / -- For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #816
620 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 - zrutasAgarasUrikRta sNskRtttiikaa| - paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcAryakRta hindI anuvaad| 8. aSTasahastrI (bhAga 1, 2, 3) : AcArya vidyaannd| di0 jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura (meraTha) u0 pr0| I0 san 1990 / 9. Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana-muni zrI nagarAja jI DI0 liT / prathama khaNDa ke prakAzaka : kAnsepTa pabliziMga kampanI, naI dillii| I0 san 1987 / dvitIya khaNDa ke prakAzaka : arhat prakAzana, klkttaa| I0 san 1982 / 10. AcArAMga (prathama zrutaskandha) : mumbApurIya zrI siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti muNbii| mudrnnsthaan-suurt| I0 san 1935 / - bhadrabAhukRta niyukti| - zIlAMkAcAryakRta vRtti| 11. AcArAMgasUtra-prathama zrutaskandha : anuvAdaka -munizrI saubhAgyamala jii| prakAzaka jaina sAhitya samiti, nayApurA, ujjain| vi0 saM0 2007 / dvitIya zrutaskandha : anuvAdaka-paM0 vasantIlAla nlvaayaa| prakAzaka-dharmadAsa jaina mitramaNDala, ratalAma, ma0 pr0| I0 san 1982 / 12. AcArAMgacUrNi : zrI jinadAsa gnnii| zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, rtlaam| I0 san 1941 / 13. AturapratyAkhyAna : viirbhdr| prakAzaka-bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI ahmdaabaad| vi0saM0 1962 / 14. AdipurANa (bhAga 1,2) : AcArya jinsen| bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillii| I0 san 1988 / / - anuvAda : paM0 (DaoN0) pannAlAla saahityaacaary| 15. AptaparIkSA : vidyAnanda svaamii| bhAratavarSIya anekAnta pariSad , lohAriyA (raaj0)| I0 san 1992 / 16. AptamImAMsA : AcArya smntbhdr| vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa prakAzana vaaraannsii-5| I0 san 1989 / - anuvAda : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtaar| 17. ArAdhanA kathA koza : brahmacArI nemidtt| bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvtprissd| I0 san 1993 / 18. AlApapaddhati : AcArya devsen| bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvatpariSad , lohariyA (raaj0)| I. san 1990 / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #817
prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 621 19. Avazyaka niryukti ( bhAga 1 ) : bhadrabAhusvAmI / bherUlAla kanaiyAlAla koThArI dhArmika TrasTa, mumbaI / vi0 saM0 2038 / hAribhadrIya vRtti : haribhadrasUri / 1 20. Avazyaka - mUlabhASya (AvazyakasUtra mUlabhASya) : karttA kA nAma ajJA hai Avazyakaniryukti kI hAribhadrIyavRtti meM uddhRta tathA jinabhadragaNI ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM antarbhUta | 21. AvazyakasUtra (pUrvabhAga evaM uttarabhAga) : gaNadhara gautamasvAmI / zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma / I0 san 1928 evaM 1929 / 22. iSTopadeza : pUjyapAda svAmI / paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala caukasI caimbara, khArA kuA, javerI bAjAra, bambaI - 2 / I0 san 1954 / 23. IzAdidazopaniSad (zAMkarabhASyasahita ) : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / I0 san - 1978 / 24. IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad : caikhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI / I0 san 1995 / paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSad / - * bRhadAraNyakopaniSad / -- - jAbAlopaniSad | - nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad / turIyAtItopaniSad / saMnyAsopaniSad / bhikSukopaniSad | chAndogyopaniSad | - muNDakopaniSad | kaThopaniSad | IzAvAsyopaniSad / * zvetAzvataropaniSad / - -- - - yAjJavalkyopaniSad / 25. uttarAdhyayanasUtra : vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA - 2 / sampAdana : sAdhvI candanA darzanAcArya | 26. uttarabhArata meM jainadharma : cimanalAla jaicandra zAha / prakAzaka : sevAmandira rAvaTI, jodhpur| I0 san 1990 / a~garejI se hindI anuvAda : kastUramala bAMThiyA / 27. udAnapAli (suttapiTaka, khuddaka nikAya) : vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa, igatapurI ( nAsika) / I0 san 1995 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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622 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 28. upadezamAlA (uvaesamAlA) : zrI dharmadAsa gnnii| prakAzaka : dhanajI bhAI devacandra jauharI, mumbii| - vizeSavRtti (doghaTTI TIkA) : rtnprbhsuuri| 29. oghaniyukti : bhadrabAhu svaamii| Agamodaya samiti mehsaanaa| I0 san 1919 / - vRttikAra : dronnaacaary| 30. kaThopaniSad : gItA presa gorkhpur| vi0 saM0 2024 / - zAMkarabhASya : zrI shNkraacaary| 31. kalpakaumudIvRtti : zrI zAntisAgarakRta klpsuutrvyaakhyaa| zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA, rtlaam| I0 san 1936 / 32. kalpaniyukti (kalpasUtraniyukti) : zvetAmbara bhdrbaahu-dvitiiy| muni kalyANa vijaya jI - kRta 'zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra' (pR. 336) meM tathA zrI tATaka guru jaina granthAlaya udayapura (rAja.) dvArA prakAzita 'kalpasUtra' kI zrI devendra muni zAstrI-likhita prastAvanA (pR. 16) evaM pariziSTa 1 kI TippaNI kra.3 meM ullekha hai| 33. kalpapradIpikAvRtti : zrI saMghavijayagaNikRta klpsuutrvRtti| prakAzana : seTha vADIlAla cakubhAI devIzAha paattk| vi0 saM0 1991 / 34. kalpalatA vyAkhyA : samayasundaragaNikRta klpsuutrvyaakhyaa| nirNayasAgara mudraNayantrAlaya, mumbii| I0 san 1939 / 35. kalpasamarthana : (kalpasUtrAntargata adhikaar-bodhk)| RSabhadeva kezarImala jaina __ zvetAmbara saMsthA, rtlaam| vi0 saM0 1994 / 36. kalpasUtra : prAkRta bhAratI, jypur| 37. kalpasUtra : bhASAnuvAda : AryAratna sjjnshrii| vi0 saM0 2038 / 38. kasAyAhuDa (bhAga 1, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) : AcArya gunndhr| bhAratavarSIya di0 jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mthuraa| I0 san 1974 --- / dvitIya sNskrnn| - cUrNisUtra : ytivRssbhaacaary| - jayadhavalA TIkA : AcArya viirsen| - prastAvanA : 1. granthaparicaya evaM 2. granthakAraparicaya : siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI, (pR. 3-73) 3. viSayaparicaya : paM0 mahendrakumAra nyaayaacaary| (pR. 73-106) ( "bhUmikA ke mukhya tIna bhAga haiM : grantha, granthakAra aura vissy-pricy| inameM se Adi ke do stambha paM0 kailAzacandra jI ne likhe haiM aura antima For Personal & Private Use Only

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 623 stambha paM0 mahendrakumAra jI ne likhA hai|" sampAdakIya vaktavya / pR. 14 ba) / 39. kasAyapAhuDasutta : AcArya guNadhara / zrI vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA / I0 san 1955 / * cUrNisUtra : AcArya yativRSabha / sampAdana-anuvAda-prastAvanA : paM0 hIrAlAla jaina siddhAntazAstrI | 40. kAdambarI (pUrvabhAga ) : bANabhaTTa / motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / saMskRtaTIkA : zvetAmbarAcArya zrI bhAnucandra gaNI | 41. kAdambarI : bANabhaTTa / sampAdaka : AcArya rAmanAtha zarmA 'sumana' evaM rAjendrakumAra zAstrI / prakAzaka : sAhitya bhaNDAra, subhASa bAjAra, meraTha ( u0 pra0) / aSTama saMskaraNa, I0 san 1990 / 42. kArtikeyAnuprekSA : svAmikumAra / paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama agAsa (gujarAta) / I0 san 1978 / a~garejI prastAvanA : pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye | hindI - anuvAda : paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI | 43. kAlidAsa kI tithisaMzuddhi : DaoN0 rAmacandra tivArI / IsTarna buka liMkarsa dillI / I0 san 1989 / 44. kAvyAnuzAsana (svopajJavRtti - sahita ) : vaiyAkaraNa evaM kAvyazAstrI, 'kalikAlasarvajJa,' AcArya hemacandra / pravacana prakAzana, pUnA / vi0 saM0 2058 / -- -- * saMskRta vyAkhyA : paNDita zivadatta evaM kAzInAtha / 45. kAvyaprakAza : mammaTAcArya / jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI / I0 san 1960 / - hindI vyAkhyA : vizvezvara siddhAntaziromaNi / 46. kUrmapurANa : hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga / I0 san 1993 / 47. kyA digambara prAcIna haiM? lekhaka : zizu AcArya narendrasAgara sUri / zeTha zrI abhecaMda gulAbacaMda jhaverI parivAra, mumbaI ke saujanya se prakAzita / prAptisthAna - 1. jambUdvIpa per3hI pAlItANA, 2. jJAnazAlA girirAja sosAyaTI pAlItANA / I0 san 1995 / 48. kharA so merA : DaoN0 sudIpa jaina / kundakunda bhAratI ( prAkRta bhavana ) naI dillI / I0 san 1999 / 49. khAravela prazasti : punarmUlyAMkana - candrakAntabAlI zAstrI / pratibhA prakAzana, dillI / I0 san 1988 / 50. guNasthAna - siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa- DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vaaraannsii| I0 san 1996 / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #820
624 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 51. guruparamparA se prApta digambara jaina Agama : eka itihAsa-DaoN0 ema0 DI0 vsntraaj| zrI gaNeza varNI di0 jaina saMsthAna nariyA, vaaraannsii-5| I0 san 2001 / 52. gommaTasAra-karmakANDa (bhAga 1,2) : AcArya nemicandra siddhaantckrvrtii| bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillii| I0 san 1996 / - jIvatattvapradIpikA-karNATavRtti : keshvvrnnii| - karNATavRtti kA 'jIvatattvapradIpikA' nAma se hI saMskRtarUpAntara : zrI nemicndr| 53. gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa (bhAga 1, 2) : AcArya nemicandra siddhaantckrvrtii| bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillii| I0 san 1997 / - jIvatattvapradIpikA-karNATavRtti : kezava vrnnii| - jIvatattvapradIpikA-saMskRtarUpAntara : zrI nemicndr| 54. cANakyazataka : AcArya viSNugupta caannky| 55. chedapiNDa : AcArya indra (indrnndii)| 'prAyazcittasaMgraha'-mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA (vi0 saM0 1978) meM sNgRhiit| 56. chedazAstra : (kartA ajJAta-pu. jai. vA. sU./ prastA./ pR.109) 'prAyazcittasaMgraha' mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA (vi0 saM0 1978) meM sNgRhiit| 57. jAtaka (tRtIya khaNDa)-anuvAdaka : bhadanta Ananda kauslyaayn| hindI sAhitya sammelana pryaag| I0 san 1990 / 58. jAtaka-aTThakathA (suttpittk-khuddknikaay)-tRtiiybhaag| vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa, igtpurii| I0 san 1998 / / 59. jAtakapAli (suttapiTaka - khuddknikaay)-dvitiiybhaag| vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa, igtpurii| I0 san 1998 / 60. jAtakamAlA : aaryshuur| sampAdaka-anuvAdaka : sUryanArAyaNa caudhrii| motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| I0 san 2001 / 61. jinamUrti-prazasti-lekha : kamalakumAra jain| zrI digambara jaina bar3A mandira chatarapura __ (m.pr.)| I0 san 1982 / / 62. jinazAsana kI kIrtigAthA : DaoN0 kumArapAla desaaii| zrI anilabhAI gA~dhI (ttrsttii)| 108 jainatIrthadarzanabhavana TrasTa, zrI samavasaraNa mahAmandira, pAlitANA-364270 / 63. jinasahasranAmaTIkA : shrutsaagrsuuri| 64. jinAgamoM kI mUlabhASA : DaoN0 nathamala ttaaNttiyaa| prAkRta TesTa sosAyaTI, ahmdaabaad| 65. jIvasamAsa : ajJAta pUrvadhara AcArya (jinakA nAma jJAta nahIM hai)| anuvAdikA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 625 sAdhvI vidyutprabhAzrI / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI / I0 san 1998 / bhUmikA : DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina / 66. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA - zrI devendra muni zAstrI / prakAzakazrI tArakaguru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura (rAja0 ) / I0 san 1977 / 67. jaina kathAmAlA (bhAga 48 ) ( AdhAragrantha : 1. upadezamAlA 2. AkhyAnaka maNikoza) : madhukara muni / munizrI hajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara ( rAja0 ) / 68. jaina tattvavidyA : muni zrI pramANasAgara jI / bhAratIya jJAnapITha nayI dillii| I0 san 2000 / 69. jainadharma : paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI / bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA (u.pra.) / I0 san 1975 / 70. jainadharma aura darzana : muni zrI pramANasAgara jI / zikSA bhAratI, kazmIrI geTa, dillI6 / I0 san 1996 / 71. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa ( prathamabhAga ) : AcArya hastImala jI / -- 72. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa (dvitIya bhAga / dvitIya saMskaraNa) : AcArya hastImala jI / jaina itihAsa samiti, jayapura (rAjasthAna) I0 san 1987 / 73. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa (tRtIya bhAga / prathama saMskaraNa ) : AcArya hastImala jii| jaina itihAsa samiti, jayapura (rAjasthAna ) / I0 san 1983 / 74. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa (caturtha bhAga) : AcArya hastImala jI / jaina itihAsa samiti, jayapura (rAjasthAna ) / I0 san 1987 / 75. jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya : DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1996 / 76. jainadharma kI aitihAsika vikAsayAtrA : DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina / prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.) / I0 san 2004 / 77. jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya : sAdhvI saMghamitrA / jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja0 ) / I0 san 2001 / 78. jainadharma ke sampradAya : DaoN0 sureza sisodiyA / Agama, ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura (rAjasthAna ) / I0 san 1994 / 79. jaina nibandharatnAvalI ( prathama bhAga ) : paM0 milApacandra kaTAriyA evaM zrI ratanalAla kaTAriyA / prakAzaka : zrI vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA / I0 san 1966 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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626 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 80. jaina nibandharatnAvalI (dvitIya bhAga) : paM0 milApacandra kaTAriyA / bhAratavarSIya di0 jaina saMgha, caurAsI, matharA / I0 san 1990 / 81. jaina bhAratI : (digambara jaina narasiMhapurA navayuvaka maNDala bhINDara (mevAr3a) ke mantrI dvArA likhita 'bhaTTAraka carcA' nAmaka pustikA ( I0 san 1941) meM uddhRta) 82. jaina vidyA ke AyAma - granthAGka 2 ( Aspects of Jainology, Vol. II) / paM0 becaradAsa dozI smRti grantha prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, I0 san 1987 / 83. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha ( bhAga 1 ) : saMgrahakarttA - DaoN0 hIrAlAla jain| mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti / vi0 saM0 1984 ( I0 san 1927) / 84. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha ( bhAga 2 ) : saMgrahakarttA - paM0 vijayamUrti | mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti mumbaI / I0 san 1952 / 85. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (bhAga 3) : saMgrahakarttA - paM0 vijayamUrti / prakAzaka - mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, mumbaI / I0 san 1957 / prastAvanA : DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI / 86. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (bhAga 4) : saMgrAhaka - sampAdaka : DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara / bhAratIya jJAnapITha kaashii| vIra ni0 saM0 2491 / 87. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (prathama saMskaraNa ) : paM0 nAthUrAma premI | hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, giragA~va, bambaI / I0 san 1942 / dvitIya saMskaraNa: prakAzaka- saMzodhita sAhitya - mAlA, ThAkuradvAra, bambaI - 2 / I0 san 1956 / 88. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza ( prathama khaNDa) : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra / vIrazAsana saMgha kalakattA / I0 san 1956 / 89. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( pUrvapIThikA) : paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI / zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI / vIra ni0 saM0 2489 / 90. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (bhAga 1, 2) : siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI / zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA vaaraannsii| vIra nirvANa saM0 2502 / 91. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga 3) : DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA / pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1967 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 627 92. jaina sAhitya meM vikAra : paM0 becaradAsa jain| anuvAdaka : tilakavijaya jii| prakAzaka : zrI digambara jaina yuvakasaMgha, llitpur| vIra ni0 saM0 2458 / 93. jainAcArya paramparA mahimA (349 zlokAtmaka grantha, aprakAzita) : racayitA-zravaNa belagola ke 31 veM bhaTTAraka zrI caarukiirti| isa grantha ke nAma evaM saMskRta padyoM kA ullekha zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hastImala jI ne apane grantha 'jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa', bhAga 3 meM pRSTha 152 se 177 taka kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki yaha aprakAzita grantha AcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra zodha pratiSThAna, lAlabhavana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura-3 meM upalabdha 94. jainendra siddhAnta koza (bhAga 1-4) : kSullaka jinendra vrnnii| bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillii| I0 san 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 / 95. jJAtAdharmakathAGgasUtra : (jnyaatRdhrmkthaangg)| Agama prakAzana samiti byaavr| I0 san 1981 / - pradhAna sampAdaka : yuvAcArya zrI mizrIlAla jI mahArAja 'mdhukr'| - anuvAdaka - vivecaka - sampAdaka : paM0 zobhAcandra bhaarill| 96. jJAnArNava : AcArya shubhcndr| zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agaas| I0 san 1975 / 97. DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1998 / 98. tattvanirNayaprAsAda : zvetAmbarAcArya muni zrI vijayAnanda sUrIzvara 'aatmaaraam'| prasiddhakartA : amaracaMda pI0 (padmA jI) paramAra, mumbii| 99. tattvArthakartR-tanmatanirNaya : sAgarAnandasUrIzvara jI mahArAja (shvetaambr)| prakAzaka : zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA rtlaam| vi0 saM0 1993 / 100. tattvArtharAjavArtika (tattvArthavArtika, bhAga 1, 2) : bhaTTa akalaMka dev| bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillii| I0 san 1993 / - sampAdaka : pro0 mahendra kumAra jaina, nyaayaacaary|| 101. tattvArthavRtti : zrutasAgara suuri| bhAratIya jJAnapITha kaashii| I0 san 1949 / - prastAvanA : pro0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyaayaacaary| 102. tattvArthasAra : amRtacandrasUri / sampAdaka : paM0 pannAlAla saahityaacaary| zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA vaaraannsii| I0 san 1970 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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628 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 103. tattvArthasUtra (sarvArthasiddhi) : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillii| I0 san 1995 / 104. tattvArthasUtra : zrI umAsvAti vaack| RSabhadeva kezarImala jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA, rtlaam| I0 san 1996 / - hAribhadrIya vRtti : zrI hribhdrsuuri| 105. tattvArthasUtra (vivecanasahita) : paM0 sukhalAla sNghvii| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vaaraannsii-5| I0 san 1993 / 106. tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra) : bRhtprbhaacndr| prakAzaka : samIcInadharma-prabodha-saMrakSaNa ___ saMsthAna koTA (raaj.)| 107. tattvArthasUtra-jainAgama-samanvaya : upAdhyAya muni zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja (pNjaabii)| prakAzaka : lAlA zAdIrAma gokulacaMda jauharI, cA~danI cauka, dehlii| I0 san 1934 / 108. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (zvetAmbaramAnya tattvArthasUtra) : paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agaas| I0 san 1992 / - tattvArthAdhigamabhASya : uparyukta para AcArya umAsvAti dvArA racita bhaassy| 109. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASyayukta) : zrI umaasvaati-vaack| prakAzaka : jIvanacanda sAkaracanda javerI, muMbaI evaM sUrata (gujraat)| prathama bhAga I0 san 1926, muNbii| dvitIyabhAga-I0 san 1930 suurt| - tattvArthabhASyavRtti : zrI siddhAsena gnnii| 110. tarkabhASA : keshvmishr| caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1977 / - hindI vyAkhyA : AcArya vizvezvara siddhaantshiromnni| 111.titthagoliyapayannu (athavA titthogAliyapayannu = tiirthodgaar)| 112.tiloyapaNNattI (bhAga 1, 2, 3) : AcArya ytivRssbh| prakAzaka : zrI 1008 candraprabha di0 jaina atizayakSetra, deharA-tijArA (alavara, raajsthaan)| I0 san 1997 / - anuvAda : AryikA vizuddhamati jii| 113. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA (khaNDa 1, 2, 3, 4) : DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, jyotissaacaary| dvitIya saMskaraNa-AcArya zAntisAgara chANI granthamAlA, bur3hAnA (mujaphpharanagara) u0 pr0| I0 san 1992 / 114. taittirIya aarnnyk| 115. trilokasAra : AcArya nemicndr| 116. therIgAthA-aTThakathA (suttapiTaka-khuddakanikAya) : vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa, igtpurii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 629 117. dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma : siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra shaastrii| bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillii| I0 san 2001 / / 118. darzanasAra : AcArya devasena / anuvAda evaM vivecanA : paM0 nAthUrAma jI premii| jaina grantha kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, bambaI / vi0 saM0 1974 / 119. dazavakAlikasUtra : AcArya shyyNbhv| bhAratIya prAcya tattva prakAzana samiti piMDavAr3A . (raajsthaan)| vi0 saM0 2037 / - hAribhadrIyavRtti : hribhdrsuuri| 120. dAThAvaMsa (bauddhgrnth)| 121. di0 jaina atizayakSetra zrI mahAvIra jI kA saMkSipta itihAsa : DaoN. gopIcandra varmA baaNsvaadd'aa| rAmA prakAzana 2626, rAstA khajAnevAlA, jypur| 122. digambaratva aura digambaramuni : kAmatA prasAda jain| di0 jaina yuvA samiti, 15 bhagavAn mahAvIra mArga, bar3auta, u0 pr0| I. san 1992 / 123. digambara jaina siddhAnta darpaNa (pro. hIrAlAla jI ke AkSepoM kA nirAkaraNa): Adya aMza-lekhaka : makkhanalAla zAstrI, murainaa| prakAzaka : zrI digambara jaina samAja bmbii| vIra ni0 saM0 2471 / dvitIya evaM tRtIya aMza-sampAdaka : paM0 rAmaprasAda zAstrI bmbii| prakAzaka : digambara jaina paMcAyata bmbii| I0 san 1944 evaM 1946 / 124. divyAvAdAna (romana lipi meM)-The Divyavadan, by E.B. Cowell and R.A. Neil, Indological Book House, Delhi 1987 A.D. 125.divyAvadAna (nAgarI lipi meM)-sampAdaka : DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidy| __prakAzaka-mithilA vidyApITha drbhNgaa| I0 san 1999 / 126. dIghanikAyapAli : sampAdana-anuvAda : svAmI dvArikAdAsa shaastrii| bauddhabhAratI vaaraannsii| I0 san 1996 / - bhAga 1. siilkkhndhvgg| - bhAga 2. mhaavgg| - bhAga 3. paathikvgg| 127. dravyasvAbhAva-prakAzaka-nayacakra : zrI mAilla dhvl| bhAratIya jJAnapITha vaaraannsii| I0 san 1971 / 128. dhammapada : vyAkhyAkAra-kanchedIlAla gupta aura satkAri zarmA vnggiiy| caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1968 / 129. dhammapada-aTThakathA, bhAga 1,2 (suttapiTaka-khuddaka nikAya) : vipazyanA vizodhana vinyAsa igtpurii| I0 san 1998 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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630 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 130. dhammapada-aTThakathA, bhAga 2 (suttapiTaka-khuddaka nikAya) : navanAlandA mahAvihAra, naalndaa| I0 san 1976 / 131. nandIsUtra : vivecaka-sva. zrI kevalamuni jI ke ziSya zrI lAlamuni jI ke parivAra __ ke santa muni zrI pArasakumAra jI (dharmadAsa smprdaay)| prakAzaka-a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti-rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA (m.pr.)| I0 san 1984 / 132. niyamasAra : AcArya kundkund| ('kundakunda bhAratI' meM sNgRhiit)| 133. nizIthasUtra (svopajJabhASya sahita) : zrI visAhagaNI mhttr| (prathama vibhAga-pIThikA) sampAdaka : upAdhyAya kavi zrI amaramuni tathA muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kml'| bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillii| I0 san 1982 / - vizeSacUrNi : zrI jinadAsa mhttr| - nizItha : eka adhyayana-paM0 dalasukha maalvnniyaa| 134. nItisAra (nItisAra-samuccaya) : indrnndii| bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvatpariSad / I0 san 1990 / 135. nyAyakumudacandra-parizIlana : pro0 udayacandra jain| prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujaphpharanagara, u.pr.| I0 san 2001 / 136. nyAyakusumAJjali : udynaacaary| 137. nyAyadIpikA : abhinava dharmabhUSaNa yti| prakAzaka : bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvtprissd| I0 san 1990 / / 138. nyAyamaJjarI : jayanta bhtttt| 139. nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti : zrI shaantisuuri| sampAdaka : paNDita dalasukha maalvnniyaa| prakAzaka : sarasvatI pustaka bhaNDAra, ahmdaabaad| I0 san 2002 / - prastAvanA : paM0 dalasukha maalvnniyaa| 140. paumacariu (bhAga 1,2,3,4,5) : mahAkavi svymbhuu| bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillii| I0 san 1989, 1977, 1989, 2000, 2001 / 141. paumacariya : vimlsuuri| 142. paJcatantra-aparIkSitakAraka : viSNu shrmaa| rAmanArAyaNalAla benImAdhava, ilAhAbAda 2 / I0 san 1975 / 143. paMcamahAgurubhakti : AcArya kundkund| ('kundakunda bhAratI' meM sNgRhiit)| 144.paMcAzaka (paMcAzaka-prakaraNa) : AcArya hribhdrsuuri| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vaaraannsii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 631 145. paMcAstikAya : AcArya kundakunda | zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrI madrAjacandra Azrama agAsa (gujarAta) / I0 san 1969 / samayavyAkhyA (tattvapradIpikA vRtti) : AcArya amRtacandra / * tAtparyavRtti : AcArya jayasena / * bAlAvabodhabhASATIkA : pANDe hemarAja / -- 146. paTTAvalIparAga : paM0 zrI kalyANavijaya gaNI / prakAzaka : kalyANavijaya zAstrasaMgraha samiti, jAlaura (rAjasthAna ) / I0 san 1956 / 147. paM0 ratanacandra jaina mukhtAra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva ( bhAga 1 ) / AcArya zrI zivasAgara di0 jaina granthamAlA zAntivIranagara, zrImahAvIra jI (rAjasthAna) I0 san 1989 / 148. paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha / sarasvatI - varadaputra paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandanagrantha prakAzana samiti, vArANasI / I0 san 1989 / 149. paNNavaNAsutta ( bhAga 1, 2) : zrI zyAmArya vaack| zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 26 / I0 san 1969 evaM 1971 / sampAdana evaM a~garejI prastAvanA : muni puNyavijaya jI, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA evaM paM0 amRtalAla mohanalAla bhojaka / 150. padmapurANa (padmacarita - bhAga 1, 2, 3 ) : AcArya raviSeNa / bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI / I0 san 2001, 2002, 2003 / sampAdana- anuvAda : DaoN0 pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya / 151. padmamahApurANa (vaidika = hindU ) - dvitIya bhAga (bhUmi, svarga, brahma evaM pAtAlakhaNDa) bhUmikA : pro0 DaoN0 cArudevazAstrI / prakAzaka : nAga pablizarsa, javAharanagara, dillI - 7 / I0 san 1984 / 152. paramAtmaprakAza evaM yogasAra : joiMdudeva / paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa / I0 san 1973 / saMskRtaTIkA : brahmadeva / bhASA TIkA : paM0 daulatarAma jI / prastAvanA (Introduction) : e0 ena0 upaadhye| 153. pariziSTaparva : kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandra / prakAzaka : eziyATika sosAiTI, 57 pArka sTrITa, kalakattA / I0 san 1891 / sampAdaka : harmana jaikobI / 154. pAia-sadda-mahaNNavo : ( prAkRta-hindI zabdakoza ) : paM0 haragovindadAsa trikamacaMda setth| motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI / I0 san 1986 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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632 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 155. pAtaJjalayogadarzana : maharSi pataJjali | kRSNadAsa akAdamI, vArANasI / I0 san 1999 / vyAsabhASya : zrI vyAsa / 156. pAtrakesarI - stotra ( jinendraguNasaMstuti) : pAtrakesarI ( pAtrasvAmI) / 157. pAli - hindI koza : bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana / rAjakamala prakAzana, nayI dillIpaTanA / I0 san 1999 / 158. purAtana - jainavAkya-sUcI : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra / vIrasevA mandira, sarasAvA, jilAsahAranapura ( u0 pra0 ) / I0 san 1950 / 159. piNDaniryukti : bhadrabAhusvAmI / zAha nagInabhAI ghelAbhAI jahverI, muMbaI / I0 san 1918 / malayagirIyA vRtti : AcArya malayagiri / 160. prakaraNaratnAkara ( caturthabhAga) : prakAzaka - zA0 bhImasiMha mANakanI vatI, zA0 bhANajI mAyA, muMbaI / I0 san 1912 / nirNayasAgara presa mumbaI / 161. pratikramaNa-granthatrayI : zrI gautamasvAmI - viracita / prakAzaka : AcArya zAntisAgara di0 jaina jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA / vIra saMvat 2473 / saMskRtaTIkA : prabhAcandra / sampAdaka : paM0 motIcandra gautamacandra koThArI, ema0 e0 / 162. prabodhacandrodaya : kRSNa mizra yati / caukhambA amara bhAratI prakAzana, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1977 / 163. prameyakamalamArtaNDa (dvitIyabhAga) : AcArya prabhAcandra / mudraka : pA~cUlAla jaina, kamala priMTarsa madanagaMja - kizanagar3ha (rAja0 ) / vIra ni0 saM0 2507 / anuvAda : AryikA jinamatI jI / 164. pravacanaparIkSA - pUrvabhAga (svopajJavRtti - sahita ) : upAdhyAya dharmasAgara / RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma (ma.pra.) / - - 165. pravacanasAra : AcArya kundakunda / paramazruta prabhAvaka zrImadrAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta) / I0 san 1964 / tattvapradIpikAvRtti : AcArya amRtacandra sUri / tAtparyavRtti : AcArya jysen| bAlAvabodha bhASATIkA : pANDe hemarAja / a~garejI - prastAvanA (Introduction) : pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye | 166. pravacanasAroddhAra ( uttarabhAga) : zrI nemicandra sUri / prakAzaka : seTha devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, muMbaI / I0 san 1922 / nirNayasAgara presa mumbaI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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.. prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 633 - saMskRtavRtti : zrI siddhasenasUri zekhara 167. pravacanasAroddhAra : zrI nemicndrsuuri| prakAzaka : zrI jaina zve. mU. tapAgaccha gopIpurA saMgha, suurt| I0 san 1988 / - TippaNIkAra : zrI udayaprabha suuri| 168. prazamaratiprakaraNa : zvetAmbarAcArya umaasvaati| paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrImadrAja candra Azrama agAsa (gujraat)| vi0 saM0 2044 / - hAribhadrIya TIkA : zrI haribhadra suuri| 169. prAkRta evaM saMskRta sAhitya meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA : sAdhvI DaoN0 drshnklaashrii| __ zrI rAjarAjendra prakAzana TrasTa, jayaMtasena myUjiyama, mohanakher3A (rAjagar3ha) dhAra, ma0 pr0| I0 san 2007 / 170. prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa : DaoN0 ricArDa pishl| vihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad , pttnaa-3| I0 san 1958 / - jarmanabhASA se hindI-anuvAda : DaoN0 hemacandra joshii| 171. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jain| dvitIya sNskrnn| caukhambA vidyAbhavana vaaraannsii| I0 san 1985 / 172. prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti : bI0 ena0 luuniyaa| lakSmInArAyaNa agravAla pustaka prakAzaka, aagraa-3| I0 san 1970 / 173. bArasa aNuvekkhA : AcArya kundkund| 174. bRhatkathAkoza : AcArya hrissenn| siMghI jaina grnthmaalaa| I0 san 1943 / - a~garejI prastAvanA : DaoN0 e0 ena0 upaadhye| 175. bRhatkalpasUtra (mUlaniyuktisahita) : sthavira Arya bhadrabAhu svaamii| - Vol. V (caturtha evaM paMcama uddesh)| I0 san 1938 / - Vol. VI (SaSTha uddesh)| I0 san 1942 / prakAzaka zrI AtmAnanda jainasabhA, bhaavngr| - bhASya : zrI saMghadAsagaNI kssmaashrmnn| - vRtti : AcArya zrI malayagiri, jise AcArya zrI kSemakIrti ne pUrNa kiyaa| 176. bRhatsaMhitA : vraahmihir| 177. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad : iishaadidshopnissd| motIlAla banArasIdAsa dillii| I0 san 1978 / - zAMkarabhASya : zrI shNkraacaary| 178. bRhadravyasaMgraha : nemicandra siddhaantidev| paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa (gujraat)| vi0 saM0 2022 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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634 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 - saMskRtaTIkA : brhmdev| 179. brahmasUtra : bAdarAyaNa vyaas| motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| I0 san 1998 / - zAMkarabhASya : zrI shNkraacaary| 180. brahmANDapurANa (khaNDa 1,2) : prakAzaka-DaoN0 camanalAla gautama, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI (u0 pra0) I0 san 1988 / 181. bhaktaparijJA : viirbhdr| bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI, ahmdaabaad| vi0 saM0 1962 / 182. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA (bhAga 1) : shivaary| jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, sholaapur| I0 san 1978 / 183. bhagavatI ArAdhanA : shivaary| jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, sholaapur| I0 san 2006 / - vijayodayATIkA : aparAjita suuri| - prastAvanA evaM anuvAda : siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra shaastrii| 184. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA : shivaary| prakazaka : vizambaradAsa mahAvIraprasAda jaina sarrApha, dehalI 185. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA : shivaary| prakAzaka : hIrAlAla khuzAlacaMda dozI, phlttnn| I0 san 1990 / - vijayodayATIkA : aparAjita suuri| - anuvAda : siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra shaastrii| 186. bhagavatIsUtra : eka parizIlana-AcArya zrI devendra muni| prakAzaka-zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura (raaj.)| vi0 saM0 2049 / / 187. bhagavadgItA : shaaNkrbhaassy| 188. bhagavAn mahAvIra kA acelakadharma : paM0 kailAzacandra shaastrii| bhAratavarSIya di0 jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mthuraa| vi0 saM0 2001 / 189. bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha : kAmatA prasAda jain| vIra ni0 saM0 2453 / 190. bhaTTAraka carcA : lekhaka evaM prakAzaka-mantrI, digambara jaina narasiMhapurA navayuvaka maNDala, bhINDara (mevaadd')| I0 san 1941 / (lekhaka-maMtrI mahodaya ne apane nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa|) 191. bhaTTArakamImAMsA : paM. dIpacanda varNI nrsiNhpur-nivaasii| prakAzaka : vIra kAlUrAma rAjendrakumAra paravAra, rtlaam| vIrajayantI 2454, san 1927 / tatIya saMskaraNa ke prakAzaka : sva0 zrI mohanalAla jI jaina, zrImatI krAntibAI jaina, bAhubalI kaoNlonI sAgara (ma0 pr0)| I0 san 2003 / 192. bhaTTArakasampradAya : pro0 vidyAdhara johraapurkr| jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solaapur| I0 san 1958 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 635 193. bhadrabAhucarita : ratnanandI ( ratnakIrti) / jaina bhAratI bhavana, banArasa / I0 san 1911 / 194. bhadrabAhucaritra : mahAkavi raidhU / sampAdaka : DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina, digambara jaina yuvakasaMgha ArA (bihAra), I0 san 1992 / 195. bhAgavatapurANa (zrImadbhAgavata mahApurANa) : gItA presa gorakhapura / vi0 saM0 2057 / 196. bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi : DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina / bhAratIya jJAnapITha / san 1999 / 197. bhAratIya digambara jaina abhilekha aura tIrtha paricaya madhyapradeza : 13vIM zatI taka : DaoN0 kastUracandra jaina 'sumana' / zrI digambara jaina sAhitya saMskRti saMrakSaNa samiti, DI - 302, viveka vihAra, dillI / I0 san 2001 / 198. bhAratIya purAlekhoM kA adhyayana : DaoN0 zivarUpa sahAya / motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1999 / 199. bhAratIya saMskRti kA vikAsa : vaidikadhArA : DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI / samAja vijJAna paraSid, kAzI vidyApITha banArasa / 1956 I0 / 200. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina / madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla / I0 san 1975 / 201. bhAvanA - dvAtriMzatikA : AcArya amitagati / jJAnapITha pUjAJjali, pR0 475 / sampAdaka - DaoN.0 e0 ena0 upAdhyAya evaM paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI / bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI / 202. bhAvasaMgraha (prAkRta) : devasenAcArya / 203. bhAvasaMgraha : vAmadeva / bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvatpariSad, lohAriyA ( rAjasthAna ) / 204. majjhimanikAya (suttapiTaka) : sampAdaka : bhikSu jagadIza kazyapa / bihAra rAjakIya pAli - prakAzana maNDala / I0 san 1958 / 1. mUla paNNAsaka / 2. majjhima paNNAsaka / 205. majjhimanikAyapAli ( suttapiTaka) : sampAdaka - anuvAdaka : svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI / bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI / 1. mUla paNNAsaka / I0 san 1998 / 2. majjhima paNNAsaka / I0 san 1999 / 3. upari pnnnnaask| I0 san 2000 / 206. matsyapurANa (pUrvabhAga, uttarabhAga) : hindI sAhitya sammalena prayAga / I0 san 1988-89 / 207. mahApurANa : AcArya jinasena / bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI / I0 san 1951 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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636 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 208. mahAbhArata (Adiparva / adhyAya 1-7 ) : zrI vedavyAsa / gItA presa gorakhapura ( u0pra0) / navambara 1955 I0 / 209. mahAbhArata (zAntiparva) prakAzaka : vasanta zrIpAda sAtavalekara / svAdhyAya maNDala, killA-pAraDI (balasAr3a) gujarAta / I0 san 1980 / 210. mahAvaggapAli (vinayapiTaka) : sampAdaka - anuvAdaka : svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI / bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI / I0 san 1998 / 211. mAnatuGgAcArya aura unake stotra : pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI aura DaoN0 jitendra zAha / 212. mAnavabhojyamImAMsA : muni kalyANavijaya jI gaNI / zrI kalyANavijaya - zAstrasaMgrahasamiti, jAlora (rAja0 ) / I0 san 1961 / 213. mImAMsAzlokavArtika : kumArila bhaTTa / 214. mudrArAkSasa (nATaka) : vizAkhadatta / IsTarna buka liMkarsa, dillI / 215. mUlAcAra (pUrvArdha evaM uttarArdha) : AcArya vaTTakera / bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillii| I0 san 1992, 1996 / - 216. mUlacAra : AcArya vaTTakera / bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvatpariSad / I0 san 1996 / - sampAdakIya : DaoN0 phUlacandra premI aura DaoN0 zrImatI munnI jaina / 217. mUlArAdhanA (bhagavatI - ArAdhanA) : zivArya / svAmI devendrakIrti digambara jaina granthamAlA zolApura / I0 san 1935 / mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa (saMskRtaTIkA) : paM0 AzAdhara jI / hindI - arthakarttA : paM0 jinadAsa pArzvanAtha zAstrI phaDakule / 218. mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra, jinakalpisUtra ) : AcArya prabhAcandra / samIcIna dharmaprabodha saMrakSaNa saMsthAna, koTA (rAjasthAna ) / - AcAravRtti : AcArya vasunandI siddhAntacakravartI / hindI - TIkAnuvAda : AryikAratna jJAnamatI jI / pradhAna sampAdakIya : jyoti prasAda jaina / 219. moTI sAdhu-vandanA (gujarAtI) : choTAlAla jI mahArAja / thAnakavAsI jaina upAzraya, limar3I (saurASTra ) I0 san 1991 / 220. mohena-jo-dar3o : jaina paramparA aura pramANa : AcArya vidyAnanda jI / kundakunda bhAratI, nayI dillI / I0 san 1988 / 221. yazastilakacampU : somadevasUri / prakAzaka : tukArAma jAvajI, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI / pUrvakhaNDa (dvitIya saMskaraNa) / I0 san 1916 / uttarakhaNDa (prathama saMskaraNa) / I0 san 1903 / saMskRtavyAkhyA : zrutasAgarasUri / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 637 222. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya : zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma pttoriyaa| vIra sevA mandira TrasTa prkaashn| I0 san 1988 / 223. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra : svAmI smntbhdr| zrI munisaMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, sAgara ma0 pr0| I0 san 1992 / - padyAnuvAda : AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI / - hindI anuvAda : DaoN0 (paM0) pannAlAla jaina saahityaacaary| 224. ratnamAlA : shivkotti| 'siddhAntasArAdi saMgraha' meM sNgRhiit| 225. labdhisAra (labdhisAra-kSapaNAsAra) : nemicandra siddhaantckrvrtii| AcArya zrI ziva sAgara granthamAlA, zAntivIra nagara, zrI mahAvIra jii| vIra ni0 saM0 2509 / - sampAdaka : bra0 paM0 ratanacandra mukhtAra sahAranapura, u0 pr0| 226. lalitavistarA : AcArya zrI hribhdrsri| - paJjikA TIkA : zrI municandra sUrIzvara jI - hindI-vivecanA : paMnyAsapravara zrI bhAnuvijaya jI gnnivr| - bhUmikAlekhaka : zrI sampUrNAnanda jI, rAjyapAla, raajsthaan| - paricayalekhaka : pro0 DaoN0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, vADiyA kAleja, puunaa| 227. lATIsaMhitA : paM0 raajmll| zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga 3) / sampAdaka : paM0 hIrAlAla jaina shaastrii| jainasaMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura / I0 san 2003 / 228.liGgapurANa : saMskartA : AcArya jagadIza shaastrii| motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| I0 san 1980 / 229. liMgaprAbhRta (liMgApAhuDa) : AcArya kundkund| 230. varAMgacarita : jttaasiNhnndii| bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvtpssid| I0 san 1996 / 231. vAtsalyaratnAkara (AcArya zrI vimalasAgara abhinandana grantha)-dvitIya khnndd| prakAzaka : bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvatpariSad , zrI di0 jaina ___ bIsapaMthI koThI, madhuvana (zikhara jii)| I0 san 1993 / 232. vAyupurANa : hindI sAhitya sammelana prayAga (ilaahaabaad)| I0 san 1987 / 233. vidvajjanabodhaka : paM0 pannAlAla jI saMghI 234. vidhi-mArga-prapA : kharatarAgacchAlaMkAra zrI jinprbhsuuri| zrI mahAvIra svAmI jaina derAsara TrasTa, 8 vijaya vallabha cauka, pAyudhanI, muMbaI 400 003 / I0 san 2005 / - anuvAda : sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI (vidhiprbhaa)| For Personal & Private Use Only

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638 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 235. vividhadIkSA-saMskAravidhi : AryikA zItalamatI jii| sampAdikA- bra0 mainAbAI jaina, sNghsNcaalikaa| AzISapradAtA-siddhAntacakravartI AcArya sanmatisAgara jii| mudraka-zivazakti priNTarsa, 9, neharU bAjAra, hoTala tArAvAlI galI, udayapura (raaj.)| - prakathana : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina 'mnuj'| 584 ma. gA~. mArga, tukogaMja, indaura 452 001 (ma0 pr0)| I0 san 2002 / 236.vizeSAvazyakabhASya (bhAga 2) : jinbhdrgnni-kssmaashrmnn| divyadarzana TrasTa, 68 __gulAlavAr3I, muMbaI 400 004 / vi0 saM0 2039 / - maladhArI hemacandrasUrikRta vRtti 237. viSNupurANa : gItA presa gorkhpur| vi0 saM0 2058 / 238. vIravardhamAnacarita : zrI sklkiirti| bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillii| I0 san 1974 / - sampAdana-anuvAda : paM0 hIrAlAla jaina siddhaantshaastrii| . 239. vedAntasAra : paramahaMsa parivrAjakAcArya sadAnanda yogiindr| pIyUSa prakAzana, ilaahaabaad| __ I0 san 1968 / - tattvapArijAta hindITIkA : santanArAyaNa shriivaastvy| 240. vaidika mAithaoNlaoNjI : e0 e0 maikDaoNnala (A.A. Macdonell) / hindI anuvAdaka : rAmakumAra raay| caukhambA vidyAbhavana vaaraannsii| I0 san 1984 / 241. vaidika sAhitya aura saMskRti : AcArya baladeva upaadhyaay| zAradA saMsthAna, vaaraannsii-5| I0 san 1998 / / 242. vairAgyazataka (bhartRharizataka) : manoja pablikezansa, dillii| I0 san 2002 / 243. vaizeSikasUtropaskAra (vaizeSikasUtra-vyAkhyA) : AcArya zaMkara mishr| caukhambA saMskRta sIrija Aphisa, vaaraannsii| 244. vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya (paspazAhnika) : maharSi ptnyjli| caukhambA saMskRta sIrija Aphisa, vaaraannsii| 245. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra (bhagavatIsUtra / tRtIyakhaNDa / zataka 11-19) : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (raajsthaan)| - anuvAdaka-vivecaka-sampAdaka : zrI amara muni jI evaM zrIcanda surANA 'srs'| 246.zivamahApurANa - prastAvanA : avadhavihArIlAla avsthii| gaurIzaMkara presa, madhyamezvara, vaaraannsii| 247. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra : paM0 (muni) kalyANavijaya jI gnnii| prakAzaka : zrI For Personal & Private Use Only

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248. zrutAvatAra : vibudhazrIdhara / 'siddhAntasArAdisaMgraha' meM saMgRhIta / 249. zrutAvatAra : AcArya indranandI / bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvatpariSad, sonAgira (datiyA) ma0 pra0 / I0 san 1990 / 250. zvetAmbaramata-sAmIkSA : paM0 ajitakumAra zAstrI / prakAzaka : zrI digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha / 251. SaTkhaNDAgama - sampAdikA : bra0 paM0 sumatibAI zahA / zrI zrutabhaNDAra va grantha prakAzana samiti, phalaTaNa / I0 san 1965 / 252. SaTkhaNDAgama (dvitIya saMskaraNa) - sampAdikA : bra0 paM0 sumatibAI zahA / A0 zAntisAgara 'chANI' smRti granthamAlA, bur3hAnA, mujaphpharanagara ( u0pra0) / I0 san 2005 / 253. SaTkhaNDAgama (pustaka 1 - 16 ) : puSpadanta evaM bhUtabali / jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura / pustaka 1, 2 - I0 san 1992, pu0 3 - I0 san 1993, pu04 - I0 1996, pu05 - I0 1986, pu0 6 - I0 1993, pu0 7 - I0 1986, pu0 8 - I0 1987, pu09 - I0 1990, pu0 10, 11 - I0 1992, pu0 12, 13 - I0 1993, pu0 14 - I0 1994, pu0 15, 16 - I0 1995 / AcArya vIrasena / prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 639 ka0 vi0 zAstra - saMgraha samiti, jaalor| vi0 saM0 1998, I0 san 1941 / dhavalATIkA sampAdakIya (pustaka 1) : DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina evaM DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye | prastAvanA (pustaka 1 ) : paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI / 254. SaTkhaNDAgama-parizIlana : paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI / bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillii| I0 san 1987 / 255. SaTpAhuDa : AcArya kundakunda / prakAzikA : zAnti devI bar3ajAtyA, gauhATI / I0 san 1989 / 256. SaDdarzanasamuccaya : haribhadrasUri / bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana / I0 san 1989 / tarkarahasyadIpikA TIkA : guNaratnasUri / prastAvanA : paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA / 257. saMskRta sAhitya kA abhinava itihAsa : DaoN0 rAdhAvallabha tripAThI / vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI / I0 san 2001 / 258. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : baladeva upAdhyAya / zAradA maMdira vaaraannsii| I0 san 1965 / - For Personal & Private Use Only

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640 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 259. saMskRta-hindI koza : vAmana zivarAma aaptte| motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| I0 san 1969 / 260. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya : rAmadhArI siMha dinkr| lokabhAratI prakAzana, ilAhAbAda 1 / I0 san 1997 / 261. samantabhadra granthAvalI : svAmI smntbhdr| vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa prakAzana vaaraannsii| ___I0 san 1989 / 1. AptamImAMsA (devAgama) - akalaMkadevakRta aaptmiimaaNsaabhaassy| - AcArya vasunandIkRta devaagmvRtti| - paM0 jugalakizora mukhtArakRta hindiivyaakhyaa| 2. yuktynushaasn| 3. svymbhuustotr| 4. jinshtk| 5. rtnkrnnddk| - anuvAdaka : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra 262. samayasAra : AcArya kundkund| ahiMsA maMdira prakAzana, 1 dariyAgaMja, dillI 7 / - AtmakhyAti vyAkhyA : AcArya amRtacandra suuri| - tAtparyavRtti : AcArya jysen| - hindITIkA : paM0 jycnd| 263. samAvAyAMgasUtra-prakAzaka : seTha mANekalAla cunnIlAla, ahmdaabaad| I0 1938 / 264. samAdhitantra : devanandI, aprnaam-puujypaadsvaamii| zrI vIrasevA maMdira, sarasAvA ___(sahAranapura) / I0 san 1939 / 265. sammaisutta (sanmatisUtra, sanmatitarka) : AcArya siddhsen| jJAnodaya grantha prakAzana samiti, nImaca (ma0 pra0) I0 san 1978 / - sampAdaka : devendra kumAra zAstrI, niimc| 266. sarvArthasiddhi (tattvArthasUtra-vRtti) : pUjyapAda svaamii| bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillii| I0 san 1995 / - sampAdana-anuvAda : siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra shaastrii| 267. sarvArthasiddhi : pUjyapAda svaamii| bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvatpariSad / I0 san 1995 / 268. sAgAradharmAmRta : paM0 AzAdhara jii| prakAzaka : mUlacanda kizanadAsa kApar3iyA, suurt| I0 san 1940 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 641 - hindI-TIkAkAra : paM0 devakInandana siddhaantshaastrii| 269. siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana (aSTama adhyAya : prAkRtavyAkaraNa) : 'kalikAlasarvajJa' AcArya hemcndr| 270. siddhAntasamIkSA (bhAga 3)-prakAzaka : hindI grantha ratnAkara kaaryaaly,bmbii| I0 san 1945 / 271. siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI abhinandana grnth| 272. siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI abhinandanagrantha-prakAzaka : siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI abhinandanagrantha prakAzana samiti, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1985 / 273. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra : (paMcama gaNadhara sudharmasvAmI-praNIta dvitIya aMga)-prathama evaM dvitIya bhaag| pradhAna sampAdaka : zrI mizrIlAla jI mahArAja 'mdhukr'| zrI AgamaprakAzana samiti byAvara (raajsthaan)| 274. sUryaprakAza-parIkSA : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtaar| prakAzaka : jauharImala jaina sarApha, darIvA~kalA, dehlii| I0 san 1934 / 275. saundarananda (mahAkAvya) : ashvghoss| prakAzaka : caukhambA saMskRta sIrija Aphisa, vaaraannsii| 276. strInirvANa prakaraNa : ('zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa' ke sAtha sNlgn| bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| I0 san 1971) : yApanIya-yatigrAmAgraNi-bhadanta-zAkaTAyanAcArya, mUlanAma pAlyakIrti (dekhie , paM0 nAthUrAma premI : 'zAkaTAyana aura unakA zabdAnuzAsana'/ 'jaina siddhAnta bhAskara'/ bhAga 9/kiraNa 1/ jUna 1942) / 277. sthAnAMgasUtra (paMcama gaNadhara sudharma svAmI-praNIta tRtIya aMga) : Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (raaj.)| - anuvAdaka-vivecaka : paM0 hIrAlAla shaastrii| 278. svAmI samantabhadra : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtaar| jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, po0-giragA~va, bmbii| I0 san 1925 / / 279. harivaMzapurANa : AcArya jinsen| bhAratIya jJAnapITha nayI dillii| I0 san 1998 / - sampAdana-anuvAda-prastAvanA : DaoN0 pannAlAla jaina saahityaacaary| 280. harSacarita : baannbhtttt| caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vaaraannsii| I0 san 1998 / - 'saGketa' saMskRta vyAkhyA : zrI zaMkara kvi| 281. hUmar3a jainasamAja kA sAMskRtika itihAsa (bhAga 2)-sampAdikA : zrImatI kauzalyA For Personal & Private Use Only

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642 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 English Books 1. Aspects of Jainology (Vol. III) : P. V. Research Institute, Varanasi. --The Date of Kundakundacarya : M.A. Dhaky. 2. Gender And Salvation : Padmanabh S. Jaini, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1992 A.D. paMtagayA / prakAzaka : zrI akhila bhAratIya hUmar3a jaina itihAsa zodhasamiti, 1, sudarzana sosAyaTI, nArAyaNapurA, ahamadAbAda / 3. Harappa And Jainism : T.N. Ramchandran, Published by Kundakunda Bharti Prakashan, New Delhi, 1987 A.D. --Introduction : Dr. Jyotindra Jain. 4. History of Jaina Monachism (From Inscriptions And Literature) : By Shantaram Balchandra Deo. Deccan College Postgraduate And Research Institute, Poona 1956 A.D. 5. Indian Philosophy (Vol. II) : S. Radhakrishnan Delhi Oxford Univesity Press. 6. Panchastikayasara : Acharya Kundakunda, Bhartiya Jnanpith Publication, 1975 A.D. -- English Commentary & Introduction : Prof. A. Chakravarti Nayanar. 7. Sanskrit-English Dictionary : M. Monier Williams, Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi, 1999 A.D. 8. The Hathigumpha Inscription of Kharavela And the Bhabru Edict of Asoka : By Shashikant D.K. Printworld (P) Ltd., New Delhi-110015. 1971 A.D. zodha-patrikAe~ 1. anekAnta (mAsika) - sampAdaka : paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, samantabhadrAzrama, karolabAga, dillI / varSa kiraNa 1 3 1 4 1 1 5 6-7 mAsa mAgha phAlguna caitra vaizAkha - jyeSTha vIra ni0 saM0 vi0 saM0 2456 11 11 11 For Personal & Private Use Only 1986 11 1986 1987 I0 san 1929 11 1929 1930

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 643 varSa kiraNa mAsa vIra ni0 saM0 vi0 saM0 I0 san 1 8-9-10 ASAr3ha-zrAvaNa-bhAdrapada , 1 11-12 Azvina-kArtika / anekAnta (mAsika) ke nimnalikhita aMkoM kA sampAdana-sthAna : vIrasevA maMdira, samantabhadrAzrama, sarasAvA (jilA-sahAranapura) u0 pr0| varSa kiraNa mAsa vIra ni0 saM0 vi0 saM0 I0 san 3 pauSa, janavarI 2465 1995 1938 5 phAlguna, mArca 1938 6 caitra, apraila " 1996 1939 9 ASAr3ha, julAI 1939 10 prathama zrAvaNa, agasta 1939 1 pharavarI 1941 5 10-11 kArtika-mArgazIrSa, navambara-disambara 1999 1942 12 pauSa, janavarI 1943 6 10-11 maI-jUna 2001 1944 12 zrAvaNa zukla, julAI 2470 2001 1944 1-2 bhAdra0-Azvina, agasta-sitambara 1944 3-4 kArtika-mArgazIrSa akTUbara-navambara 2471 2001 1944 5-6 pauSa-mAgha disambara-janavarI 1944-45 7-8 phAlguna-caitra, phara0-mArca 2001-2 , 1945 2 pharavarI 1946 rrrrrx 5 8 2469 5 w w o o o ouuuuu 10-11 mArca-apraila 2473 2004 1947 8 12 Azvina, akTUbara 2473 1947 (varSa 8 ke mAsa-sambandhI aniyamita ullekha ke kAraNa kA nirdeza isI aMka ___(akTUbara 1947) ke AvaraNa pRSTha 2 para kiyA gayA hai|) For Personal & Private Use Only

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644 / jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha / khaNDa 1 varSa kiraNa 9 1 14 6 28 1 46 2 bhAga 9 10 11 13 23 mAsa - (u0pra0) / 3. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (bhAskara) mAsika kiraNa mAsa 1 2 2 mAgha, janavarI 2483 mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka 2501 apraila-jUna 2518 1 jUna 2 2. jinabhASita (mAsika) maI 2003 - sampAdaka : pro0 ratanacandra jaina, bhopAla, ma0pra0 / prakAzaka - sarvodaya jaina vidyApITha, 1/205, prophesarsa kaoNlonI, AgarA vIra ni0 saM0 vi0 saM0 julAI jUna vaizAkha-jyeSTha ASAr3ha zrAvaNa-bhAdra mArgazIrSa -- 10- 11 2 10-11 zrAvaNa-bhAdra 4. jainahitaiSI (mAsika) - sampAdaka aura prakAzaka : zrI nAthUrAma premI / bhAga kiraNa mAsa 6 7-8 7 9 7 8 11 5. dharmamaMgala - - 2437 2437 2437 2438 2441 2013 2032 2050 6. prAkRtavidyA, janavarI - mArca 1996 - sampAdaka : DaoN0 sudIpa jaina / I0 san 1957 1975 1993 For Personal & Private Use Only (mAsika), 16 maI 1997 sampAdikA : prA0 sau0 lIlAvatI jaina / 4 / 5, bhIkamacaMda jainanagara, jalagA~va (mahArASTra ) / I0 san 1942 1943 1944 I0 san 1910 1910 1910 1911 1914 (prAkRta bhavana), 18- bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI 110067 / 7. zodha (sAhitya-saMskRti - gaveSaNA - pradhAna patrikA), aMka 5 / 1987-88 I0 - sampAdaka : DaoN0 banArasIprasAda bhojapurI evaM DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina / nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA ArA (bhojapura, bihAra) / aMka 12-13 (saMyuktAMka) / I0 san 1999-2000, 2000-2001 / sampAdaka : pro0 ( DaoN0 ) rAjArAma jaina /

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prayukta granthoM evaM zodhapatrikAoM kI sUcI / 645 8. zodhAdarza-48, navambara 2002 I0-pradhAna sampAdaka : zrI ajitaprasAda jain| sahasampAdaka : zrI ramAkAnta jain| prakAzaka : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra smRti kendra samiti, u0 pra0, pArasa sadana, Aryanagara, lakhanaU 226 004 / 9. zramaNa (traimAsika zodha patrikA-sampAdaka : pro0 sAgaramala jain| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vaaraannsii)| - 1. akTUbara-disambara 1997 ii0| - 2. julAI-disambara 2005 ii0| - 3. apraila-jUna 2006 ii0| English Journals 1. Bombay University Journal, May 1933. (Yapaniya Sangh, A Jaina Sect : Dr. A.N. Upadhye) 2. The Indian Antiquary : A Journal of Oriental Researeh in Archae ___ology, History, Literature, Languages, Philosophy, Religion, Folklore etc. - 1. Vol. XIV, January 1885. - 2. Vol. XX, October 1891. - 3. Vol. XXI, March 1892. For Personal & Private Use Only

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mational pro0 (DaoN0 ) ratanacandra jaina janma 2 julAI 1935 ko, madhyapradeza ke luhArI (sAgara) nAmaka grAma meM / pitA sva0 paM0 bAlacandra jI jaina evaM mAtA - sva0 zrImatI amolaprabhA jI jaina / prArambhika zikSA ghara para hI pazcAt zrI gaNeza digambara jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara (ma0pra0) meM saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI, a~garejI tathA dharmagranthoM kA adhyayana / anantara svAdhyAya ke dvArA maiTrika se lekara ema0 e0 (saMskRta) taka kI parIkSAe~ uttIrNa / prAvINyasUcI meM bI0 e0 meM dasavA~ sthAna aura ema0 e0 meM prathama / 'jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAranaya' viSaya para pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhi prApta / zA0 TI0 Ara0 esa0 snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, rIvA (ma0 pra0), zA0 hamIdiyA snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, bhopAla evaM barakataullA vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla ( ma0pra0) meM snAtakottara kakSAoM taka saMskRta viSaya kA evaM bhASAvijJAna kI ema0 phila0 kakSA meM zailIvijJAna kA adhyApana tathA pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhi ke lie zodhArthiyoM kA mArgadarzana / paramapUjya AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke Adeza se unake dvArA saMsthApita pratibhAmaNDala kI brahmacAriNI bahanoM ko do cAturmAsoM (san 2002 evaM 2003) meM saMskRta evaM sarvArthasiddhiTIkA kA adhyApana / AcAryazrI kI hI preraNA se 'jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha' grantha kA lekhana / unake hI AzIrvAda se san 2001 se adyAvadhi 'jinabhASita' mAsika patrikA kA sampAdana / prakAzita grantha : 1. jainadarzana meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya : eka anuzIlana, 2. jainaparamparA aura yApanIyasaMgha (tIna khaNDoM meM) / samprati bhopAla ( ma0pra0) meM nivAsa karate hue 'jinabhASita' ke sampAdana evaM zrI pArzvanAtha di0 jaina mandira zAhapurA, bhopAla meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko dharmagranthoM ke adhyApana meM saMlagna / For Personal & Private Use Only

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