Jain Agam Sahitya Manan aur Mimansa

Author(s): Devendramuni
Publisher: Tarak Guru Jain Granthalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/091016/1

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adhyAtmayogI upAdhyAya zrI puSkara munijI dokSA svarNa jayantI samAroha ke upalakSya meM prakAzita jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA [ jaina vAGmaya kA paricayAtmaka adhyayana ] lekhaka rAjasthAna kesarI adhyAtmayogI upAdhyAyapravara zrI puSkara munijI mahArAja ke suziSya devendra muni zAstrI prakAzaka zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura (rAja0 )

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zrI tAraka guru jaina granthamAlA puSpa : 71 viSaya AgamoM evaM vyAkhyA granthoM kA paricayAtmaka adhyayana AzIrvacana upAdhyAya zrI puSkara munijI mahArAja lekhaka devendra muni zAstrI prathama praveza maI 1977 jyeSTha sudI 10, vi0 saM0 2034 vI0ni0 2503 prakAzaka zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya zAstrI sarkala, udayapura (rAjasthAna) mudraka zrIcanda surAnA ke lie durgA priMTiMga varksa, AgarA-282004 * mUlya : cAlIsa rupaye mAtra

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Published on the occasion of the Deeksha Golden Jubilee of Adhyatmayogi Upadhyaya Sri Pushkar Muniji JAIN AGAM SAHITYA: MANAN AUR MIMANSA [A Panoramic Study of Jain Canonical Literature with comparative study of relevant Buddhist & Vedic Sacred Texts] By Devendra Muni Shastri Disciple of Rajasthankesari Adhyatmayogi Upadhyayapravar Sri Pushkar Muniji Maharaj 1 Published by Sri Tarak Guru Jain Granthalaya, Udaipur (Raj.)

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Sri Tarak Guru Jain Granthmala Publication No. 712 ? O Subject A Panoramic Study of Jain Canonical and Commentory Literature Ashirvachan Upadhyaya Sri Pushkar Muniji . o Author Devendra Muni Shastri O First Edition May, 1977 A. D. Jyestha Shukla, 10, Vikram Samvat 2034 Publishers Sri Tarak Guru Jain Granthalaya Shastri Circle, Udaipur (Rajasthan) India Printers For Srichand Surana Durga Printing Works, Daresi 2004 o pricht

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jinako sumadhura vANI ne hRdaya aura mastiSka ko samAna rUpa se prabhAvita kiyaa| jinakI loha lekhanI ne jIvana kI divyatA aura bhavyatA kA aMkana kiyaa| jinake nirmala jIvana ne apAra hArdika sneha evaM saujanya pradAna kiyaa| una mahAmahima parama zraddhaya prajJAskandha adhyAtmayogI rAjasthAna kesarI upAdhyAyapravara zrI puSkara munijI mahArAja ke punIta kara-kamaloM meM savinaya, sAdara samarpita -devendra muni

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| sgIiiy' jaina Agama sAhitya bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka anamola aura mahAna upalabdhi hai| yaha akSara-deha se jitanA virATa aura vizAla hai usase bhI adhika arthagarimA ke gaurava se maNDita hai| usa virATa Agama sAhitya kA manthana kara navanIta nikAlanA sAdhAraNa vyakti ke vaza kI bAta nahIM hai, yaha gurutara kArya to Agama sAhitya kA gahana adhyetA hI sugama rIti se kara sakatA hai / hameM parama AhlAda hai ki sadguruvarya rAjasthAnakesarI, adhyAtmayogI, prasiddha vaktA, upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI mahArAja ke suziSya zrI devendra muni zAstrI ne prastuta grantha ratna taiyAra kiyA hai| prastuta grantha meM Agama sAhitya kA mahattva, aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda, pUrva, prakIrNaka, niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, TIkAe~ tathA digambara sAhitya aura tulanAtmaka adhyayana, subhASita, zabda koSa Adi para saMkSepa meM sArapUrNa paricaya pradAna kiyA gayA hai| lekhaka ne sAgara ko eka gAgara meM bharane jaisA zramasAdhya kArya kiyA hai jo bahuta hI stutya hai, prazaMsanIya hai| / Adhunika yuga meM samaya kI kamI atyadhika anubhava kI jA rahI hai| kama se kama samaya meM vyakti adhika se adhika jAnanA cAhatA hai, unake lie yaha grantha atIva upayogI siddha hogA aura jinhoMne Agama sAhitya kA gahana adhyayana kiyA hai unake lie bhI isa grantha meM bahuta kucha naI sAmagrI milegii| munizrI kA zodha-pradhAna va samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa sarvatra mukharita huA hai / khaNDana-maNDana kI pravRtti se munizrI sadA dUra rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ApazrI ke sAhitya ko jaina-ajaina sabhI mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne pasanda hI nahIM kiyA apitu mukta kaNTha se usakI prazaMsA bhI kI hai| hameM parama prasannatA hai ki hama prastuta grantha ratna kA prakAzana aise sunahare avasara para karane jA rahe haiM jabaki samAja zraddheya sadguruvarya upAdhyAya zrI puSkara munijI kA svarNa-jayantI samAroha birATa rUpa se manAne jA rahA hai| zraddheya sadguruvarya ko Agama prANoM se bhI adhika pyAre rahe haiM ata: isa pAvana-prasaMga para hama yaha grantha prakAzita kara apane Apako dhanya anubhava kara rahe haiN| rAjasthAna kesarI adhyAtmayogI zrI puSkara munijI abhinandana grantha prakAzana samiti kI ora se virATakAya abhinandana grantha prakAzita hone jA rahA hai jo abhinandana granthoM kI paramparA meM eka viziSTa abhinandana grantha hogaa| sAtha hI prastuta saMsthAna se 'jaina kathAe~' ke paccIsa bhAga va zraddheya sadguruvarya ke pravacana sAhitya, nibandha sAhitya

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aura kavitA sAhitya ke prakAzana kI yojanA hai| usake antargata jaina kathAe~ ke solaha bhAga, jyotirdhara jainAcArya prakAzita ho gaye haiN| anya sAhitya bhI prakAzita ho rahA hai| zraddheya sadguruvarya ke zubhAzIrvAda se evaM udAramanA dAnI mahAnubhAvoM ke sahayoga se evaM zrIcanda jI surAmA ke sampAdana-mudraNa Adi ke hArdika sahayoga se hama prakAzana ke kSetra meM nirantara pragati kara rahe hai aura hamAre prakAzana atyadhika lokapriya ho rahe haiM / AzA hI nahIM apitu dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki sabhI ke sahayoga se hama adhika se adhika sundara prakAzana kara samAja kI atyadhika sevA kreNge| -maMtrI, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya

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anantarAgama aura paramparAgama / 10 Agama ke artharUpa aura sUtrarUpa ye do prakAra haiN| tIrthakara prabhu artharUpa Agama kA upadeza karate haiM ataH artharUpa Agama tIrthaMkaroM kA AtmAgama kahalAtA hai kyoMki vaha arthAgama unakA svayaM kA hai, dUsaroM se unhoMne nahIM liyA hai kintu vahI arthAgama gaNadharoM ne tIrthaMkaroM se prApta kiyA hai| gaNadhara aura tIrthakara ke bIca kisI tIsare vyakti kA vyavadhAna nahIM hai etadartha gaNadharoM ke lie vaha arthAgama anantarAgama kahalAtA hai kintu usa arthAgama ke AdhAra se svayaM gaNadhara sUtrarUpa racanA karate haiM / 15 isalie sUtrAgama gaNadharoM ke lie AtmAgama kahalAtA hai / gaNadharoM ke sAkSAt ziSyoM ko gaNadharoM se sUtrAgama sIdhA hI prApta hotA hai, unake madhya meM koI bhI vyavadhAna nahIM hotaa| isalie una ziSyoM ke lie sUtrAgama anantarAgama hai kintu arthAgama to paramparAgama hI hai kyoMki vaha unhoMne apane dharmaguru gaNadharoM se prApta kiyA hai| kintu vaha gaNadharoM ko bhI AtmAgama nahIM thaa| unhoMne tIrthaMkaroM se prApta kiyA thaa| gaNadharoM ke praziSya aura unakI paramparA meM hone vAle anya ziSya aura praziSyoM ke lie sUtra aura artha paramparAgama hai|12 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAvana pravacanoM kA sUtra rUpa meM saMkalana-Akalana gaNadharoM ne kiyA, vaha aMga-sAhitya ke nAma se vizruta huaa| usake AcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, bhagavatI, jJAtA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaropapAtika, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka aura dRSTivAda ye bAraha vibhAga haiN| dRSTibAda kA eka vibhAga pUrva sAhitya hai| Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra gaNadharoM ne ahaMbhASita mAtRkApadoM ke AdhAra se caturdaza zAstroM kA nirmANa kiyA, jisameM sampUrNa zruta kI abatAraNA kI gii| ye caturdaza zAstra caturdaza pUrva ke nAma se vizruta hue| ina pUrvo kI vizleSaNa 10 ahavA Agame tivihe paNNatte, taM jahA-attAgame, aNaMtarAgame paraMparAgame ya -anuyogadvAra sUtra 470, pR0 176 11 (ka) zrIcandrIyA saMgrahaNI gA0 112 (kha) Avazyakaniyukti gA062 12 titthagarANaM atthassa attAgame, gaNaharANaM suttassa attAgame asthassa aNaMtarAgame gaNaharasIsANaM suttassa aNaMtarAgame atthassa paraMparAgame teNaM paraM sattassa vi asthassa vi No attAgame No aNaMtarAgame, paramparAgame -anuyogadvAra 470, pR0 176 13 dhammovAo pavayaNamahavA puvAI desayA tassa / savva jiNANa gaNaharA, cohasapuvvA u te tassa // sAmAiyAiyA vA vayajIvanikAyamAvaNA paDhamaM / eso dhammovAdo jiNehiM sabbehi uvittro|| ----Avazyakaniyukti gA0 292-263

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paddhati atyadhika kliSTa thI ata: jo mahAn pratibhAsampanna sAdhaka the unhIM ke lie vaha pUrva sAhitya grAhya thaa| jo sAdhAraNa pratibhAsampanna sAdhaka the unake lie evaM striyoM ke upakArArtha dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI gii| AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne likhA hai ki dRSTivAda kA adhyayana-paThana striyoM ke lie vayaM thaa| kyoMki striyA~ tuccha svabhAva kI hotI haiM, unheM zIghra hI garva AtA hai| unakI indriyA~ caMcala hotI haiN| unakI medhA-zakti puruSoM kI apekSA durbala hotI hai etadartha utthAna-samutthAna prabhRti atizaya yA camatkAra yukta adhyayana aura dRSTivAda kA jJAna unake lie nahIM hai / 14 - maladhArI AcArya hemacandra ne prastuta viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki striyoM ko yadi kisI taraha dRSTivAda kA adhyayana karA diyA jAe to tuccha prakRti ke kAraNa 'maiM dRSTivAda kI adhyetA hU~' isa prakAra mana meM ahaMkAra Akara puruSa ke paribhava-tiraskAra prabhRti meM pravRtta ho jAye jisase usakI durgati ho sakatI hai etadartha dayA ke avatAra mahAn paropakArI tIrthaMkaroM ne utthAna, samutthAna, Adi atizaya camatkAra yukta adhyayana evaM dRSTivAda kA adhyayana striyoM ke lie niSedha kiyA / 14 bahatkalpaniyukti meM bhI yahI bAta AI hai| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne aura maladhArI hemacandra ne striyoM kI prakRti kI vikRti va medhA kI durbalatA ke sambandha meM likhA hai vaha pUrNa saMgata nahIM lagatA hai| ve bAteM puruSa meM bhI sambhava hai| aneka striyA~ puruSoM se bhI adhika pratibhAsampanna va gambhIra hotI haiN| yaha zAstra meM Aye hue varNanoM se bhI spaSTa hai| jaba strI adhyAtma-sAdhanA kA sarvoccapada tIrthakara nAmakarma kA anubandhana kara sakatI hai, kevalajJAna prApta kara sakatI hai taba dRSTivAda ke adhyayanArtha jina durbalatAoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai aura jina durbalatAoM ke kAraNa striyoM ko dRSTivAda kI adhikAriNI nahIM mAnA gayA hai una para vijJoM ko taTastha dRSTi se gambhIra cintana karanA caahie| merI dRSTi se pUrva-sAhitya kA jJAna labdhyAtmaka thaa| usa jJAna ko prApta 14 tucchA gAravabahulA cali diyA dubbalA dhiIe ya / iti AisesajjhayaNA bhUyAvAo ya no sthINa / / -vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA0552 - 15 ." iha vicitrA jagati prANinaH tatra ye durmedhasaH te pUrvANi nAdhyetumIzate, pUrvANAmatigambhIrArthatvAt teSAM ca durmedhatvAt strINAM pUrvAdhyayanAnAdhikAra eva tAsAM tucchatvAdi doSabahulatvAt ---vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 55 kI vyAkhyA pR048 prakAzaka--Agamodaya samiti bambaI

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karane ke lie kevala adhyayana aura par3hanA hI paryApta nahIM thA, kucha viziSTa sAdhanAe~ bhI sAdhaka ko anivArya rUpa se karanI par3atI thiiN| una sAdhanAoM ke lie usa sAdhaka ko kucha samaya taka ekAnta-zAnta sthAna meM ekAkI bhI rahanA Avazyaka hotA thA / striyoM kA zArIrika saMsthAna isa prakAra kA nahIM hai ki ve ekAnta meM ekAkI raha kara dIrgha sAdhanA kara sakeM / isa dRSTi se striyoM ke lie dRSTivAda kA adhyayana niSedha kiyA gayA ho| yaha adhika tarkasaMmata va yukti-yukta hai| merI dRSTi se yahI kAraNa striyoM ke AhAraka zarIra kI anupalabdhi Adi kA bhI hai| gaNadharoM dvArA saMkalita aMga granthoM ke AdhAra se anya sthaviroM ne bAda meM anthoM kI racanA kI, ve aMgabAhya khlaaye| aMga aura aMgabAhya ye Agama grantha hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana ke AdhArabhUta stambha haiN| jaina AcAra kI kuJjI haiM, jaina vicAra kI advitIya nidhi haiM, jaina saMskRti kI garimA haiM aura jaina sAhitya kI mahimA haiN| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki aMgabAhya granthoM ko Agama meM sammilita karane kI prakriyA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM eka samAna nahIM rahI hai| digambara paramparA meM prastuta prakriyA svalpa samaya taka hI calI jisake phalasvarUpa digambaroM meM aMgabAhya AgamoM kI saMkhyA bahuta hI svalpa hai kintu zvetAmbaroM meM yaha paramparA lambe samaya taka calatI rahI jisase aMgabAhya granthoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| yaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa bAta hai ki Avazyaka ke vividha adhyayana, dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana aura nizItha Adi donoM hI paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya rahe haiN| zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki Agama-sAhitya kA maulika svarUpa bahuta bar3e parimANa meM lupta ho gayA hai para pUrNa nahIM, aba bhI vaha zeSa hai / aMgoM aura aMgabAhya AgamoM kI jo tIna bAra saMkalanA huI usameM usake maulika rUpa meM kucha avazya hI parivartana huA hai| uttaravartI ghaTanAoM aura vicAraNAoM kA samAveza bhI kiyA gayA hai| jaise sthAnAGga meM sAta nihnava aura navagaNoM kA varNana / praznavyAkaraNa meM jisa viSaya kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai vaha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi AgamoM kA adhikAMza bhAga maulika hai, sarvathA maulika hai| bhASA va racanA zailI kI dRSTi se bahuta hI prAcIna hai| vartamAna bhASA zAstrI AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko aura sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko DhAI hajAra varSa prAcIna batalAte haiN| sthAnAMga, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana, dazabaikAlika, nizItha aura kalpa ko bhI ve prAcIna mAnate haiN| isameM kisI bhI prakAra kA sandeha nahIM hai ki Agama kA mUla Aja bhI surakSita hai| digambara paramparA kI dRSTi se aMga sAhitya lupta ho cukA hai| ataH unhoMne navIna granthoM kA sRjana kiyA aura unheM AgamoM kI taraha pramANabhUta maanaa| zvetAmbaroM ke Agama-sAhitya ko digambara paramparA pramANabhUta nahIM mAnatI hai, to digambara paramparA ke granthoM ko zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya nahIM karatI hai, para jaba

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maiM taTastha dRSTi se cintana karatA hU~ to spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki donoM hI paramparAoM ke Agama granthoM meM maulika dRSTi se koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| donoM hI granthoM meM tattvavicAra, jIvavicAra, karmavicAra, lokavicAra, jJAna-vicAra samAna hai| dArzanika dRSTi se koI antara nahIM hai| AcAra paramparA kI dRSTi se bhI cintana kareM to vastra ke upayoga ke sambandha meM kucha matabheda hone para bhI vizeSa antara nahIM rhaa| digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM nagnatva para atyadhika bala diyA gayA kintu vyavahAra meM nagna muniyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta hI kama rahI aura digambara bhaTTAraka Adi kI saMkhyA unase bahuta adhika rhii| zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM jinakalpa ko sthavirakalpa se adhika mahattva diyA gayA kintu vyAvahArika dRSTi se Arya jambU ke pazcAt jinakalpa kA niSedha kara diyA gyaa| digambara paramparA meM strI ke nirvANa kA niSedha kiyA hai kintu digambara paramparA mAnya SaT khaNDAgama meM manuSya-striyoM ke guNasthAna ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue likhA hai ki 'manuSya-striyA~ samyamithyAdRSTi, asaMyatasamyagdRSTi, saMyatAsaMyata aura saMyata guNasthAnoM meM niyama se paryAptaka hotI haiM / 16 isameM 'saMjada' zabda ko sampAdakoM ne TippaNa meM diyA hai, jisakA sArAMza yaha hai ki manuSya strI ko 'saMyata' guNasthAna ho sakatA hai aura saMyata guNasthAna hone para strI mokSa meM jA sakatI hai| prastuta prazna ko lekara digambara samAja meM pravala virodha kA vAtAvaraNa samutpanna huA taba grantha ke sampAdaka paM0 hIrAlAlajI jaina Adi ne punaH usakA spaSTIkaraNa 'SaT khaNDAgama ke tRtIya bhAga kI prastAvanA' meM kiyA kintu jaba vijJoM ne mUDabidrI (karNATaka) meM SaTkhaNDAgama kI mUla prati dekhI to usameM bhI 'saMjada' zabda milA hai| . baTTake rasvAmi viracita mUlAcAra meM AryikAoM ke AcAra kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA hai jo sAdhu athavA AryikA isa prakAra AcaraNa karate haiM ve jagata meM pajA, yaza va sukha ko pAkara mokSa ko pAte haiN| isameM bhI AyikAoM ke mokSa meM jAne kA ullekha hai| kintu bAda meM TIkAkAroM ne apanI TIkAoM meM strI nirvANa kA niSedha kiyA hai| AcAra ke jitane bhI niyama haiM unameM mahattvapUrNa niyama uddiSTa tyAga kA hai jisakA donoM hI paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se mahattva rahA hai / 16 sammAmicchAiTThi asaMjadasammAiTThi saMjadAsaMjada (atra saMjada iti pAThazeSaH pratibhAti)-TThANe NiyamA pjjttiyaao| SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga 1, sUtra 63 pR0 332, prakA0-seTha lakSmIcanda zilAbarAya, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa, kAryAlaya amarAvatI, (barAra) san 1936 17. evaM vidhANacariyaM caritaM je sAdhavo ya ajjaao| te jagapujja kitti suhaM ca labhrUNa sijhaMti / / -mUlAdhAra 4/196, pR0 160

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zvetAmbara Agama-sAhitya meM aura usake vyAkhyA sAhitya meM AcAra sambandhI apavAda mArga kA vizeSa varNana milatA hai kintu digambara paramparA ke anthoM meM apavAda kA varNana nahIM hai, para gaharAI se cintana karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki digambara paramparA meM bhI apavAda rahe hoMge, yadi prArambha se hI apavAda nahIM hote to aMgabAhya sUcI meM nizItha kA nAma kaise aataa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM apavAdoM ko sUtrabaddha karake bhI usakA adhyayana pratyeka vyakti ke lie niSiddha kara diyA gyaa| vizeSa yogyatA vAlA zramaNa hI usake par3hane kA adhikArI mAnA gayA / zvetAmbara zramaNoM kI saMkhyA prArambha se hI atyadhika rahI jisase samAja kI suvyavasthA hetu chedasUtroM kA nirmANa huaa| chedasUtroM meM zramaNAcAra ke nigUr3ha rahasya aura sUkSma kriyA-kalApa ko samajhAyA gayA hai| zramaNa ke jIvana meM anekAneka anukUla aura pratikUla prasaMga samupasthita hote haiM, aisI viSama paristhiti meM kisa prakAra nirNaya lenA cAhie yaha bAta chedasUtroM meM batAI gaI hai| AcAra sambandhI jaisA niyama aura upaniyamoM kA varNana jaina paramparA meM chedasUtroM meM upalabdha hotA hai vaisA hI varNana bauddha paramparA meM vinayapiTaka meM milatA hai aura vaidika paramparA ke kalpasUtra, zrota-sUtra aura gRha-sUtroM meM milatA hai| digambara paramparA meM bhI chedasUtra bane the para Aja ve upalabdha nahIM haiN| . mere mana ke kaNa-kaNa meM aNu-aNu meM Agama sAhitya ke prati gaharI niSThA rahI hai| merA yaha spaSTa abhimata hai ki karma rUpI vyAdhi ko naSTa karane ke lie Agama sAhitya saMjIvanI bUTI ke samAna hai| sarvajJa-sarvadarzI bItarAga bhagavAna kI vANI meM jo sAratattva rahA huA hai vaha alpajJoM kI vANI meM kadApi nahIM mila sakatA / tijorI binA cAbI ke nahIM khula sakatI vaise hI binA gurugama ke AgamoM ke gahana rahasya samajha meM nahIM A sakate / yahI kAraNa hai ki binA gurugama ke adhyayana karane se sarvajJa kI vANI kA sahI artha na jJAta hone se artha ke anartha bhI prastuta grantha meM usI Agama-vANI kA evaM usake vyAkhyA sAhitya kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai, jisase prabuddha pAThakoM ko Agama kI mahattA kA parijJAna ho ske| parama zraddheya sadguruvarya upAdhyAyapravara zrI puSkara munijI mahArAja evaM pUjanIyA mAtezvarI prakRSTa pratibhA kI dhanI mahAsatI zrI prabhAvatIjI mahArAja evaM jyeSTha bhaginI paramaviduSI mahAsatI puSpavatIjI mahArAja kI hArdika icchA thI ki maiM Agama sAhitya para likhuu| unhoMne samaya-samaya para mujhe preraNA bhI dii| eka bAra maiMne likhanA prArambha bhI kiyA kintu anyAnya lekhana kArya meM vyasta hone se usa kArya meM pragati nahIM ho skii| san 1975 kA varSAvAsa hamArA pUnA (mahArASTra) meM thaa| saurASTra prAnta ke mahAn prabhAvazAlI santa kavivarya nAnakacandajI ma0 ke zatAbdI grantha ke prakAzana kI yojanA banI / bambaI mahAsaMgha ke adhyakSa sthAnakavAsI samAja ke mUrdhanya manISI zrI cimanabhAI cakkubhAI zAha kA mujhe atyadhika Agraha

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huA ki maiM sthAnakavAsI paramparA mAnya battIsa AgamoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya likhU / samaya bahuta hI kama thA, maiM use TAlanA cAhatA thA, para sadguruvarya ne Adeza diyA ki tujhe isI viSaya para likhanA hai| Adeza ko zirodhArya kara maiMne battIsa AgamoM kA sAra bahuta hI saMkSepa meM likha diyA, jo cimanabhAI ko atyadhika pasanda AyA aura vaha smRti grantha meM gujarAtI bhASA meM prakAzita bhI huaa| usI lekhana meM Avazyaka saMzodhana parimArjana va parivardhana kara, Agama sAhitya ke prakIrNaka, vyAkhyA sAhitya, digambara sAhitya, evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana likhakara maiMne prastuta grantha taiyAra kiyA hai, isa prakAra prastuta grantha kA lekhana pUnA (mahArASTra), rAyacUra aura karNATaka kI vihAra yAtrA meM sampanna huaa| - jijJAsuoM ke antarmAnasa meM yaha prazna ubuddha ho sakatA hai ki sthAnakavAsI paramparA jaba battIsa AgamoM ko hI pramANabhUta mAnatI hai to anya zvetAmbara va digambara mAnya Agama sAhitya va vyAkhyA sAhitya para maiMne kyoM likhA? uttara meM itanA hI nivedana hai ki jarA vicAroM ko virATa banAyeM, pramANa aura apramANa ke cakkara meM par3akara rAga-dveSa kI vRddhi kara karmabandhana na kareM apitu sAra tatva grahaNa kara samatva kI abhivRddhi kreN| Agama sAhitya kisI vyakti yA sampradAya kI dharohara nahIM hai apitu zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA saMkalana-Akalana hai jise unake uttarAdhikAriyoM ne pallavita aura praNIta kiyA hai| battIsa AgamoM ke gahana rahasyoM ko samajhane ke lie unakA adhyayana-cintana bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| pratyeka Agama para aura usake vyAkhyA sAhitya para maiM bahuta hI vistAra se likhanA cAhatA thA, para grantha atyadhika bar3A na ho jAye etadartha saMkSepa meM likhA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko bhI maiM vistAra se likhanA cAhatA thA aura vaha Avazyaka bhI thA kintu lambI vihAra yAtrA hone ke kAraNa granthAbhAva rahA jisase maiM adhika vistAra se nahIM likha sakA / maiM una sabhI grantha va granthakAroM kA hRdaya se AbhAra mAnatA hU~ ki jinakA maiMne prastuta grantha ke lekhana meM upayoga kiyA hai| mere hAtha meM darda hone ke kAraNa zrI saubhAgya canda jI turakhiyA evaM dharmAnurAgiNI bahina gulAba ema. e. ne grantha ko pANDulipi taiyAra karane meM sahayoga kiyA hai aura paramaviduSI paMjAbasiMhanI zrI kesaradevI jI evaM adhyAtmapremI zrI kauzalyAdevI jI kI suziSyA pratibhAmUrti bahina vijayAzrI ne atyanta zrama se zabdAnukramaNikA taiyAra kii| zrI rameza muni jI, zrI rAjendramunijI, zrI dineza muni jI kI satata sevA, zuzrUSA ke kAraNa maiM lekhana-kArya ko zIghra kara sakA hU~ ataH maiM unheM hArdika sAdhuvAda pradAna karatA huuN| snehamUrti zrIcanda jI surAnA ne prUpha Adi saMzodhana kara evaM mudraNa kalA kI dRSTi se grantha ko sarvAdhika sundara banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ataH unheM vismRta nahIM ho sktaa| dharmapremI suzrAvaka bhaktapravara zrImAna pArasamalajI muthA evaM paramabhakta dharmAnurAgI zrImAn javarIlAlajI balavantarAjajI muthA rAyacUra vAloM ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA jinake udAra sahayoga se hI grantha

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( 18 ) prakAza meM A sakA hai / AzA hai ina sabhI kA nirantara madhura sahayoga bhaviSya meM bhI milatA rhegaa| jisase sAhitya ke kSetra meM maiM satata pragati karatA rahU~gA / mujhe AzA hI nahIM apitu dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki prastuta grantha jana-jana ke antarmAnasa meM vItarAga vANI ke prati gaharI niSThA paidA karegA - sAmpradAyika viSamatA miTAkara samatA samutpanna karegA | jAtivAda, paMthavAda, guruDamavAda, raMgabheda, guTaparastI aura haThavAditA ke jaharIle jantu jo Adhunika mAnava ke mAnasa meM panapa rahe haiM jisase vaha ciraparicitoM ke madhya meM rahakara bhI bilakula aparicita, ajanabI aura parAyA ho rahA hai, vaha mAnasika kuNThAoM evaM vaiyaktika pIr3AoM se pIr3ita, saMtrasta va saMtapta ho rahA hai / apane AvegoM para niyaMtraNa na rakhakara vivekahIna hokara usakI pUrti ke lie aharniza prayAsa kara rahA hai| pAgala kutte kI taraha indriya-sukhoM ke viSayoM kI ora lapaka rahA hai aura unakI pUrti na hone para AtmaghAta kI ora pravRtta ho rahA hai| vastutaH ye Atma hatyA ke AMkar3e dila ko dahalAne vAle aura hRdaya ko jhakajhorane vAle haiN| aisI viSama belA meM Agama sAhitya kA adhyayana, cintana, manana aura svAdhyAya vyakti ke jar3onmukhI dRSTikoNa ko badalakara AtmomukhI banA sakatA hai / usake mAnasika tanAva ko kama kara sakatA hai| usameM samatA, saralatA, sneha, saujanya jaise sadbhAvoM ke sundara sugandhita sumana khilA sakatA hai, sukha-zAnti kI sarasa saritA pravAhita kara sakatA hai| isI AzA va ullAsa ke sAtha prastuta grantha-ratna prabuddha pAThakoM ko samarpita karate hue merA mana atyanta AhlAdita hai| hRdaya Ananda vibhora haiM / akSaya tRtIyA zravaNabelagolA, bAhubalI (karNATaka) di. 21-4-77 -- devendra muni

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FOREWORD 1. Jainism is a pre-Aryan religion. It belongs to the Sramanic current of thought. Jainism prevailed even before Parava and Vardhamana, the last two Tirthankaras. Jacobi has traced Jainism to early primitive currents of metaphysical speculation. Jainism reflects the cosmology and anthropology of a much older pre-Aryan upper class of North-eastern India. Jaina tradition presents the fundamental concepts of the cycle of time and of eternity. The Jaina principles which have been preached to the people for ages by their Tirthankaras who have conquered the wheel of life. Somehow the teachings of these pro upto the time of Parsva, the twentythird Tirthankara are not available now for the benefit of mankind And we are quite aware that when we go back from history to pre-history, the shadow of the past lengthens, and as the shadow lengthens we have to fall back upon tradition and secondary sources. It is with Vardhamana Mahavira, the last Tirthankara that we can find ourselves on surer ground. Tirthankara Mahavira preached the doctrine to his Ganadharas. His teachings were oral and fundamental. That is the Arthagama. Ganadharas and their disciples downwards formulated the teachings of the master in a systematic way and presented in the form of codified expression. The formulated expression of the teachings of Tirthankara is the Sabdagrantha. And it forms the beginning of the canonical literature." 1 Radhakrishnan (S): Indian Philosophy, Vol. I. (Allen Unwin, 1922), p. 287. 2 Jacobi (H): S. B. E. Vol. XXII. p. xv. 3 Zimmer (H): Philosophies of India. (Kegan Paul) 1953. p. 183. 4 Avasyaka niryukti, Gatha. 89-90-as quoted by Sri Devendra Muni Shastri, in his Jaina Agama aur Sahitya, p. 6.

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(RO) IL The Jaina Canonical literature is so vast that it has been too difficult to give a coherent and comprehensive picture of the entire canvas of the sacred literature. Attempts have been made by several writers to present a synoptic picture of the sacred literature. They very often flounder on some sectarian ground. I am glad that here, in this work of Shri Devendra Muniji entitled Jaina Agama Sahitya : Manana our Mimomsa (Hindi), we can get a fairly coherent and comprehensive account of the Agama literature of the Jainas without prejudice or pride conceiving any section of the Jaina community. It is a fair presentation of all the aspects of the canonical literature giving a panoramic picture of the literature of all shades of Jaina faith; of the Digambara and the Svetambara sections. 1.TIT. The Jaina canonical literature has been so vast as we said above that it has been difficult to present a critical study of the entire literature without entering into the intricasies of the implications of the different shades of thought in Jaina philosophy. The Jaina contributions are vast, varied and valuable. They have enriched in no small measure the treasures of the Indian Literature. But even then till recently their value was not probably realised. Shri Devendra Muniji has done well to present a critical and comprehensive study of the canonical literature of the Jainas. IV. Shri Devendra Muniji's book Agama Sahitya' has been divided into the seven chapters and a glossary. In the first chapter he has given the general survey of the Agama literature. He has emphasised the importance of Agama literature for the Jainas. As the Vedas for Vedic, the Pitakas for the Buddhist Sastra, so are the Sruta, Sutra or Agama for the Jainas. The word Agama has been variously interpreted by the Acaryas. Agama is that writings which gives a true picture of reality. It is the knowledge gained through the words of an authority (Aptavacana) and Aptavacana has also been considered as Agama. He has given in this chapter the distinction between Purva and Anga. A scientific analysis of the classification of the Parva and Angas has also been discussed. Several other concepts like the Anga, Upanga, Mula and Cheda have been consi 1 Kapadia (H. R.): Canonical Literature of the Jainas, (H. R. Kapadia, Surat. 1941) p. 206. 2 Shri Devendra Muni Shastri : Jaina Agama Sahitya : Manana aur Mimamsa (Hindi) p. 5. 3 lbid., p. 6.

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(PP) dered in detail. A classic analogy of the Agama literature with the Purusa comparing the various parts of the Agamic literature with the organic functions of the body has been very ably discussed. In all these discussions in the first chapter he has extensively used original references from the classical texts and commentaries. As he says, the Purvas were never commited to writing. Regarding the codification of the 11 Angas, Shri Muniji suggests that it must have been finally formulated between Vira Samvat 827 and 840. Before that period the Agamas were traditionally handed over from the teacher to the disciple by oral tradition, The second chapter gives the analysis of the Anga literature. He deals in this chapter the critical appraisal of the 12 Angas including the Drstivada. The importance of Acaranga cannot be underestimated. It occupies the first place in the 'Dvadasangi'. In the Acaranganiryukti Bhadrabahu says that Tirthankara Bhagavan Mahavira preached Acaranga first and then other Angas." Although considered from the linguistic point of view it may not be considered the first. Shri Muniji has given a critical study of Dr. Jacobi's views about the eclectic nature of Acaranga. Shri Muniji has given an elaborate and critical study of the Anga literature in an admirable way. Drstivada is considered the 12th Anga in which there is description of other systems of thought in the light of the philosophical problems present at that time. The Drstivada was a vast compendium giving the critical discussion of the different schools of philosophical thought. But gradually, due to the fading of the memory of the succeeding generations of scholars, the contents of the work appear to have been lost. In the Brhaikalpaniryukli, it has been suggested that following persons were debarred from studying the Drstivada as for example: men of low intelligence, men of bad conduct, men full of pride, those of less self-control and women who are of this nature. But Shri Muniji has suggested that the view the women were debarred from studying Drstivada was possibly due to sociological and psychological considerations. For the study of Drstivada it was emphasised that severe concentration in solitude was necessary. And it was difficult for women to Shri Devendra Muni Shastri : Jain Agam Sahitya : Manan aur Mimarisa (Hindi) p. 42. 2 Acaranganiryukti : 8.--As quoted by Shri Devendra Muniji : Jaina Agama Sahitya, p. 49.

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(PP ) undergo the rigour of solitude. Therefore the prohibition of the study of Drstivada by women was more due to sociological and psychological factors and not for any doctrinal points. In the third chapter we get the study of the Angabahya literature. In this chapter, Shri Muniji has discussed the following forms of literature in this category. (i) Upanga literature, (ii) Mala Agama Sahitya (iii) Cheda Agama Sahitya, and (iv) Prakirpaka Agam Sahitya. In the Upanga literature he has given an admirable analysis of the nature of the Upanga literature and the various forms of Upangas like, Aupapatika, Rajaprasniya, Prajnapana and Suryaprajnapati etc. He has discussed the contents and the critical analysis of the 12 Upangas. He has then given a critical study of the Mula Agamas like: Uttaradhyayana, Dasavaikalika, Nandi, and Anuyogadvara. The last part of this chapter gives the study in an exhaustive and critical way the four Cheda literature (i) Dasasrutaskandha, (ii) Brhatkalpa, (iii) Vyavahara, (iv) Nisitha, and (v) Avasyaka. This chapter gives an exhaustive account of the canonical literature called Angabahya literatare. The fourth chapter is an important chapter for the proper understanding of Anga and Upanga literature. In this chapter, Shri Muniji has very ably presented the critique of the Commentary literature on the important Angas. In this chapter he has discussed the (i) Niryukti (ii) Bhasya (iii) Curni, (iv) Tika and other forms of critical studies of the Anga literature. He says that the determined connotation of the specific terms used in the Anga literature and their critical presentation is the significant contribution of the Niryukti forms of literature. And the commentators of the Anga literature base explanations and critical notes on the content of the concepts of the Niryuktis. He has also given in this chapter the Bhasya and the Curni forms of literature. The chapter is an exhaustive study of the commentaries in various Angas and the Upangas. This chapter has made unique contribution for the critical study of all forms of critical and explanatory writings in Samskrit and the in the regional languages like, Hindi, Gujarati and in English upto the present day. In the fifth chapter we find the catholic outlook of Shri Muniji. It expresses the vast reading and the ability of interpretation of Shri 1 Shri Devendra Muni Shastri : Jaina Agama Sahitya, Ch. IV, p. 455.

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( 23 ) Muniji. The chapter discusses the content and the interpretation of the canonical literature of the Digambaras. Just when the Digambara and Svetambara traditions developed it is difficult to say. Shri Muniji quotes a Sutra from Acaranga where in there is the description of 'Sacela' and 'Acela' types of sramanas. It appears that the two types of monks mentioned are the Svetambara and Digambara munis. The personality of Bhagwan Mahavira and of his disciples Sudharma and Jambu was so great that it was difficult to express the differences of opinions before them. It was later after these great men that we find expression of the differences of opinion which gave rise to the development of the two major sects of the Jainas. However, it may please be noted that there are no doctrinaire differences between these sects of the Jainas. This becomes clear if we study the pontifical geneology (Pattavali) of the Svetambara and Digambara seats. I believe that it is high time that the different sects of the Jainas should come together and establish a rapport between themselves for the benefit of the exposition and development of Jaina thought and the harmonious blending of the two streams of thought and life. Munishriji has very ably analysed the Digambara canonical literature in dispassionate and scholarly way without expressing any personal predilections of his own. This chapter speaks eloquently of the academic brilliance and fairimindedness of Muniji. The sixth chapter is still more brilliant in its content and the interpretation of the Agamas as it gives a comparative study of the Jainas canonical literature with Buddhist and the Vedic sacred texts. A proper understanding of the Jaina canons would be possible if we understand the other systems of Indian thought in the right perspective. Jaina thought is not an isolated line of thinking. It forms an integrate past of the general stream of Indian thought right from the immemorial times. As I once said the development of Indian philosophy has been a process of synthesis and assimilation of the Sramanic and the Vedic currents of thought. At the conclu 1 Shri Devendra Muni Shastri: Jaina Agama Sahitya, Ch. V, p. 561. 2 Ibid, p. 562. 3 Kalghatgi (T.G.): Presidential Address at the 42nd Session of the Indian Philosophical Congress held at Patna in December 1968, History of Philosophy Section: The Indian Weltanschauung, p. 4.

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sion of the chapter Shri Muniji says that in the writings of the Acaryas of the Digamabara and Svetambara tradition we find academic excellance, lofty thoughts and synoptic view of life. The study of the canonical literature is not only necessary but it is an imperative for the development of the spiritual life of man Shri Muniji hopes that in this world where material values are dominant and when we have lost sight of the spiritual, if his book promotes interest in the study and understanding of the Agamas of the Jainas, his efforts in writing the book would be more than recompensed. . The seventh chapter is a significant addition which is very useful for the study of Jaina sacred literature. He has given extensive quotations from the sacred texts with their Hindi translation. Students of literature and philosophy would find the quotations very useful and enlightening, He has also added the glossary of technical terms and the bibliography of books used, with the index of words. The book entitled Jaina Agam Sahitya : Manan aur Mimamsa is a remarkable addition to the books on Jaina philosophy and literature. I do hope more of such books of sterling academic excellence will be forthcoming from the able pen of Shri Devendra Muniji Shastri. Pranamas to Shri Muniji for this work. Professor and Head of the Department of Jainology & Prakrits Manas Gangotri, Mysore-6 T. G. Kalghatgi. M.A.,Ph.D. 1 Shri Devendra Muni Shastri : Jaina Agama Sahitya, p. 638.

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viSayAnukramaNikA - prathama khaNDa - jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 1-44 jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 3-44 Agama sAhitya kA mahattva 3, Agama ke paryAyavAcI zabda 4, Agama . kI paribhASA 5, pUrva aura aMga 8, pUrva 6, aMga 10, aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya 12, Agama (tAlikA) 14, digambara mAnyatAnusAra AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa (tAlikA) 15, anuyoga 16, aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda 16, zrutapuruSa 25, niyUhaNa Agama 27, 45 AgamoM ke nAma dasa painnA sahita 30, 84 AgamoM ke nAma 31, 32 Agama 33, jaina AgamoM kI bhASA 33, Agama vAcanAe~ 35, Agama viccheda kA krama 38, lekhana paramparA 36, Agama lekhana yuga 42 dvitIya khaNDa--aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 45-198 1. AcArAMgasUtra 47-77 AcArAMga kA mahattva 47, viSaya-vastu 60, paryAyavAcI nAma 61, racanA-zailI 64, prathama zrutaskandha 65, dvitIya zrutaskandha 74, up| saMhAra 77 2. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 76-65 nAmabodha 78, viSayavastu 76, vargIkaraNa 80, prathama zrutaskandha 81, dvitIya zrutaskandha 86, upasaMhAra 65 3. sthAnAMgasUtra 66-100 nAmabodha 96, zailI66, mahattva 66, viSayavastu 67, kyA yaha Agama arvAcIna hai ? 67, dasa sthAna 68, upasaMhAra 100 4. samavAyAMga .101-111 nAmabodha 101, viSaya-vastu 101, upasaMhAra 110 5. vyAkhyAprApti (bhagavatIsUtra) 112-126 - nAmakaraNa 112, viSaya-vastu 113, zatakoM kA paricaya 114, prastuta Agama kA mahattva 125, bhASA va zailI 126, maMgalAcaraNa 127, upasaMhAra 128

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6. jJAtAdharmakathA 130-138 nAmabodha 130, prathama zrutaskandha 132, dvitIya zrutaskandha 138, upasaMhAra 138 7. upAsakavAMga 136-160 nAmakaraNa 136, viSaya-vastu 136, Ananda zrAvaka 140, bAraha vrata 140, (1) sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa vrata 140, (2) sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa vrata 142, (3) sthUla adattAdAnaviramaNa vrata 143, (4) svadArasaMtoSa vrata 144, (5) sthUla parigrahaparimANa vrata 145, (6) dizAparimANa vrata 146, (7) upabhoga-parimogaparimANa prata 146, (E) anarthadaNDaviramaNa vrata 148, (9) sAmAyika vrata 146, (10) dezAvakAzika vrata 150, (11) pauSadhopavAsa vrata 150, (12) atithi saMvibhAga vrata 151, gyAraha pratimAe~ 152, gaNadhara gautama kI kSamAyAcanA 154, saMlekhanA AtmahatyA nahIM 156, kAmadeva Adi anya zrAvaka 156, upasaMhAra 156 8. antakRddazAsUtra 161-165 nAmakaraNa 161, viSaya-vastu 163, upasaMhAra 165 6. anuttaropapAtika vazA nAmakaraNa 166, viSaya-vastu 166, dhanyakumAra kA ugra tapa 168, upasaMhAra 166 10. praznadhyAkaraNasUtra 170-165 nAmakaraNa 170, viSaya-vastu 170, navIna praznavyAkaraNa 173, prAcIna praznadhyAkaraNa kI racanA kyoM kI? 174, prastuta Agama kA mahattva 175, paMca AsravadvAra 175, paMca saMvaradvAra 177, upasaMhAra 185 11. vipAkasUtra 196-192 nAmakaraNa 186, viSaya-vastu 186, prathama zrutaskandha : duHkha vipAka 187, dvitIya zrutaskandha : sukhavipAka 161, upasaMhAra 162 12. dRSTibAda 193-198 nAmakaraNa 163, dRSTivAda ke nAma 163, viSaya-vastu 164, dRSTivAda kA mahattva 166, upasahAra 168 tRtIya khaNDa-aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 196-432 upAMga Agama sAhitya 200-278 1. aupapAtikasUtra 201-205 nAmakaraNa 201, campAnagarI 201, upasaMhAra 205

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( 27 ) 2. rAjapraznIyasUtra 206-215 nAmakaraNa 206, kezI-pradezI saMvAda 210, upasaMhAra 215 jIvAbhigama 216-225 nAmakaraNa 216, prathama pratipatti 216, dvitIya pratipatti 217, tRtIya pratipatti 217, catuthaM pratipatti 223, paMcama pratipatti 223, SaSThama jIva pratipatti 224, saptama jIva pratipatti 224, aSTama jIva pratipatti 224, navama jIva pratipatti 224, upasaMhAra 225 prajJApanAsUtra 226-254 nAmakaraNa 226, prajJApanA kA artha 226, prajJApanA kA AdhAra 228, racanA-zailI 226, viSaya vibhAga 230, prajJApanA kA bhagavatI vizeSaNa 230, prajJApanA ke racayitA 231, nivAsa-sthAna 234, bhASApada 243, upasaMhAra 254 5. jambUdvIpaprajJapti 255-263 nAmakaraNa 255, viSaya-vastu 255, upasaMhAra 263 6-7. sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti 264-270 nAmakaraNa 264, mahattva 264, viSaya-vastu 265, upasaMhAra 270 5-12. nirayAvaliyA Adi pA~ca sUtra 271-278 (kappiyA, kappavauMsiyA, puSphiyA, puSpaculiyA, vavhidasA) kappiyA 271, kalpAvataMsikA 272, puSpikA 273, puSpacUlA 277, vRSNidazA 277, upasaMhAra 278 mUla mAgama sAhitya 276-345 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 280-305 nAmakaraNa 280, uttarAdhyayana kA kartRtva 282, kyA uttarAdhyayana bhagavAna mahAvIra kI antima vANI hai? 288, viSaya-vastu 261, upasaMhAra 305 2. dazavakAlikasUtra nAmakaraNa 306, dazavakAlika kA kartRtva 307, dazavakAlika kA racanA kAla 310, viSaya-vastu 311 naMdIsUtra 317-326 nAmakaraNa 317, viSaya-vastu 317, jJAna (tAlikA) 316, cAra prakAra kI buddhi 324, zrutajJAna ke bheda 325, prastuta Agama kA mahattva 326, prastuta Agama ke saMskaraNa 326, naMdIsUtra ke racayitA 327, racanA kAla 328

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( 28 ) 4. anuyogadvAra nAmakaraNa 330, viSaya-vastu 331, anuyogadvAra ke racayitA 344, - prastuta Agama kA racanA kAla 345 cheda Agama sAhitya 346-386 1. dazAzrutaskandha 347-356 chedasUtroM kA mahattva 347, dazAzrutaskandha ko viSaya-vastu 348, upasaMhAra 356 2. bRhatkalpa 357-364 viSaya-vastu 357 3. vyavahArasUtra 365-373 viSayavastu 365, upasaMhAra 373 4. nizIthasUtra 374-380 nAmakaraNa 374, paryAyavAcI nAma 377, nizItha ke racayitA 377, viSaya-vastu 376 5. AvazyakasUtra .381-386 mahattva 381, viSaya-vastu 381, sAmAyika 382, caturviMzatistava 352, vandana 383, pratikramaNa 384, kAyotsarga 305, pratyAkhyAna 385 prakIrNaka Agama sAhitya 387-432 prakIrNaka 388-403 (1) catuHzaraNa 388, (2) AturapratyAkhyAna 386, (3) mahApratyAkhyAna 360, (4) bhaktaparijJA 391 (5) tandulavaicArika 392, (6) saMstAraka 364, (7) gacchAcAra (gacchAyAra) 366, (8) gaNividyA (gaNivijjA) 367, (8) devendrastava (devidathava) 368, (10) maraNasamAdhi (maraNasamAhI) 400, (11) candravedhyaka (candAvijjhaya) 402, (12) vIrastava (vIratthava) 403 mahAnizItha viSaya-vastu 404, cUlAe~ 407, prastuta grantha kI tIna vAcanAe~ 407, racayitA evaM racanA kAla 407 jItakalpa 411-417 mahattva 411, racayitA 411, prAyazcitta kA mahatva 411, prAyazcitta ke bheda---AlocanA 412, pratikramaNa 413, tadubhayAhaM 414, vivekAha 414, vyutsarhi 414, tapArha 415, chedAI 415, mUlAI 416, anavasthApyArI 416, pArAMcikAI 416

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( 26 ) oghaniyukti - 415-423 racayitA 418, pratilekhanA 418, piMDa 421, upadhi 422, anAyatanavarjana 422, pratisevanA 423, AlocanA ke mUla aura uttara bheda 423 piNDaniyukti 424-432 solaha udgama doSa 425, solaha utpAdana doSa 427, grahaNaSaNA ke dasa doSa 428, grAsaSaNA ke pAMca doSa 430, upasaMhAra 431 . caturtha khaNDa-AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 433-557 niyukti sAhitya : eka vizleSaNa 434-455 niyuktiyA~ 435, niyuktikAra kauna ? 437, Avazyaka niyukti 436, dazarvakAlika niyukti 445, uttarAdhyayana niyukti 447, AcArAganiyukti 448, prathama zrutaskaMdha 446, dvitIya zrutaskaMdha 451, sUtrakRtAMganiyukti 451, dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti 452, bRhatkalpaniyukti 452, vyavahAraniyukti 453, saMsaktaniyukti 454, nizIthaniyukti 454, govindaniyukti 454, ArAdhanAniyukti 454, RSibhASitaniyukti 454, sUryaprajJaptiniyukti 454, upasaMhAra 455 bhASya sAhitya : eka cintana 456-487 bhASya evaM bhASyakAra 457, jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa 458, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 462, jItakalpabhAdhya 466, saMghadAsagaNI 473, bRhatkalpaghubhASya 474, paMcakalpamahAbhASya 480, nizIthabhASya 482, vyavahArabhASya 483, opaniyuktilaghubhASya 486, piNDaniyuktibhASya 486, uttarAdhyayanabhASya 487, dazavaikAlikabhASya 488 cUNi sAhitya : eka adhyayana 488-506 naMdIcuNi 461, anuyogadvAracUNi 461, AvazyakacUNi 461, dazavakAlikacUNi (agastyasiMha) 465, dazavakAlikacUNi (jinadAsa) 467, uttarAdhyayanacUNi 468, AcArAMgacUNi 468, sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi 466, jItakalpabRhaccUNi 466, nizIthavizeSacUNi 500, dazAzrutaskaMdhacUNi 505, bRhatkalpacUNi 506 TIkA sAhitya : eka vivecana 507-557 TIkA sAhitya kA mahattva 508, jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kI svopajJavRtti 506, AcArya haribhadra kI vRttiyA~ 506, naMdIvRtti 510, anuyogadvAravRtti 510, dazakAlikavRtti 511, prajJApanApradezavyAkhyA 512, AvazyakavRtti 513, koTyAcArya kA vivaraNa 514, AcArya gandhahastI

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30 ) kA vivaraNa 514, AcArya zIlAMka kI vRttiyA~ 515, AcArAMgavRtti 515, sUtrakRtAMgavRtti 515, vAdivetAla zAntisUrikRta vRtti 516, droNAcAryakRta vRtti 517, AcArya abhayadeva aura unakI vRttiyA~ 518, sthAnAMgavRtti 516, samavAyAMgavRtti 520, vyAkhyAprajJaptivRtti 521. jJAtAdharmakathAvRtti 521, upAsakadazAMgavRtti 522, antakRtdazAvRtti 522, anuttaropapAtikadazAvRtti 523, praznavyAkaraNavRtti 523, vipAkavRtti 523, aupapAtikavRtti 523, AcArya malayagiri kI vRttiyA~ 524, inake upalabdha grantha 525, anupalabdha grantha 526, nandIvRtti 526, prajJApanAvRtti 527, sUryaprajJaptivRtti 528, jyotiSkaraMDakavRtti 528, jIvAbhigamavRtti 526, vyavahAravRtti 530, rAjapraznIyavRtti 531, piNDaniryuktivRtti 532, Avazyaka vivaraNa 532, bRhatkalpapIThikAvRtti 533, maladhArI hemacandra kI vRttiyoM 534, AvazyakavRttipradezavyAkhyA 536, anuyogadvArAvRtti 536 vizeSAvazyakabhASyabRhadvRtti 537, AcArya nemicandrakRtavRtti 538 zrIcandrasUri racita TIkAe~ 538, nizIthacUrNidurgapadavyAkhyA 538, nirayAvalikAvRtti 536, jItakalpabRhaNiviSamapadavyAkhyA 536, anya TIkAe~ 536, TIkAkAra evaM unake granthoM kI sUcI 536, kalpasUtra aura isakI TIkAe~ 543, niryukticUrNi 547, kalpAntarvAcya 547, TIkAe~ 547, sandehaviSauSadhikalpapaMjikA 547, kalpakiraNAvalI 548 pradIpikAvRtti 548, kalpadIpikA 548, kalpapradIpikA 548, kalpasubodhikA 546, kalpakaumudI 546, kalpavyAkhyAnapaddhati 546, kalpadrumakalikA 546, kalpalatA 550, kalpasUtra Tippanaka 550, kalpapradIpa 550 kalpasUtrArthaM prabodhinI 551, AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja 551, lokabhASAoM meM racita vyAkhyAe~ 552, dharmasiMhamuni 552, anuvAdayuga 553, gujarAtI anuvAda 554, hindI anuvAda 555, upasaMhAra 556 paMcama khaMDa- digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 556-602 561-602 digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa digambara zvetAmbara AmnAya meM AcArya paramparA meM bheda-tAlikA 562, digambara AmnAya kA sthApanA kAla 563, yApanIya saMgha donoM paramparAoM kA milA-julA rUpa 564 digambara prAcIna sAhitya kI bhASA -- zaurasenI prAkRta 565 SaTkhaMDAgama 565, isake chaha khaMDa(1) jIvasthAna 566, (2) kSudrakabaMdha 567, (3) bandhasvAmitvavicaya 568, (4) vedanAkhaMDa 568, (5) vargaNA 568, (6) mahAbandha 569, SaTkhaMDAgama aura prajJApanA eka tulanA 566, kaSAyapAhuDa ( kaSAya prAbhUta) 575, tiloyapaNNasi ( trilokaprajJapti ) 576, (1) sAmAnya

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loka 576, (2) nArakaloka 576, (3) bhAvanaloka 577, (4) naraloka 577, (5) tiryakaloka 578, (6) vyaMtaraloka 578, (7) jyotirloka 578, (8) suraloka 578, (6) siddhaloka 576, AcArya kundakunda aura unake grantha 576, pravacanasAra 580, samayasAra 581, paMcAstikAya 583, niyamasAra 583, darzanAprAmRta 584, cAritraprAbhUta 584, bodhaprAbhUta 585, bhAvaprAbhRta 585, mokSaprAbhUta 586. dvAdazAnuprekSA 586, suttapAhuDa Adi 586, kundakunda kI jainadarzana ko dena 587, mUlAcAra 560, bhagavatI ArAdhanA 561. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 563, AcArya nemicandra aura unakA sAhitya 563, gommaTasAra 564, labdhisAra 564, cAritralabdhi 565, trilokasAra 596, dravyasaMgraha 566, jaMbUdIvapaNNatisaMgaho 567, dhammarasAyaNa 567, ArAdhanAsAra 567, tattvasAra 568, darzanasAra 568, bhAvasaMgraha 568, bRhadnayacakra 518, jJAnasAra 566, vasunandI zrAvakAcAra 566, zrutaskaMdha 566, nijAtmA aSTaka 600, chedapiMDa 600, bhAvatribhaMgI 600, AsravatribhaMgI 600, siddhAntasAra 600, aMgapaNatI 600, kalyANAloyaNA 601, DhADhasIgAthA 601, chedazAstra 601, digambara paramparA kI dRSTi se anuyogoM kA vibhAjana 601, prathamAnuyoga 601, karaNAnuyoga 601, dravyAnuyoga 602, caraNAnuyoga 602 SaSTha khaMDa-tulanAtmaka adhyayana (jaina, bauddha aura vaidika sAhitya) 603-630 tulanAtmaka adhyayana 605-630 tulanA kA prayojana- durAgraha kA tyAga 605, AcArAMga aura vaidika sAhitya 608, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga aura bauddha sAhitya 610, uttarAdhyayana aura bauddha evaM vaidika. sAhitya 620, dazavakAlika aura bauddha evaM vaidika sAhitya 623, jaina-bauddha paramparA ke kucha zabdasAmya 626, jaina Agama kI uktiyoM aura AkhyAyikAoM kA bauddha, vaidika aura videzI sAhitya se sAmya 633, upasaMhAra 634 saptama khaMDa-Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 636-673 bhAgama sAhitya ke subhASita 641-673 mAgama sAhitya 641, AcArAMga 641, sUtrakRtAMga 645, sthAnAMga 648, bhagavatI 646, praznavyAkaraNa 650, dazavakAlika 652, uttarAdhyayana 656, AgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya 660, AcArAMganiyukti 660, sUtrakRtAMganiyukti 661, dazavakAlikaniyukti 661, uttarAdhyayananiyukti 661, Avazyakaniyukti 662, odhaniyukti 663, bRhatkalpabhASya 665, vyavahAramASya 666, nizIthabhASya 666, AvazyakaniyuktibhASya 667,

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odhaniyuktibhASya 667, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 668, cUNi sAhitya kI sUktiyA~ 668, AcArAMgacUNi 668, sUtrakRtAMgacUNi 668, dazavaikAlika- . cUNi 666, uttarAdhyayanacUNi 666, naMdIsUtracUNi 666, dazAzrutaskaMdha- . cUNi 669, nizIthacUNi 666, digambara Agama grantha 670, samayasAra 670, pravacanasAra 671, niyamasAra 672, paMcAstikAya 672, darzanapAhuDa ... 672, sUtrapAhuDa 673, bodhapAhuDa 673, bhAvapAhuDa 673, mokSapAhuDa 673 . pariziSTa pAribhASika zabda koSa 677 sandarbha grantha sUcI 706 zabdAnukramaNikA 1

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prathama khaNDa jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana

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87 000000000000000000 Agama sAhitya kA mahatva Agama ke paryAyavAcI zabda Agama kI paribhASA 0 pUrva aura aMga aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa D anuyoga aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda 0 bhUla puruSa 0 niryUhaNa Agama 45 AgamoM ke nAma 84 AgamoM ke nAma 32 AgamoM ke nAma 0 jaina AgamoM kI bhASA Agama vAcanAeM Agama viccheda kA krama lekhana paramparA Agama lekhana yuga

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jaina zrAgama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana Agama sAhitya kA mahatva jaina Agama sAhitya bhAratIya sAhitya kI anamola upalabdhi hai, anupama nidhi hai aura jJAna-vijJAna kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai / akSara deha se vaha jitanA vizAla aura virAT hai usase bhI kahIM adhika usakA sUkSma evaM gambhIra ciMtana vizada va mahAna hai| jainAgamoM kA parizIlana karane se sahaja hI jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ kevala kamanIya kalpanA ke gagana meM viharaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, na buddhi ke sAtha khilavAr3a hI kiyA gayA hai aura na anya mata-matAntaroM kA nirAkaraNa hI kiyA gayA hai| jainAgama jIvana ke kSetra meM nayA svara, nayA sAja aura nayA zilpa lekara utarate haiN| unhoMne jIvana kA sajIva, yathArtha va ujAgara dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai, jIvanotthAna kI prabala preraNA pradAna kI hai, AtmA kI zAzvata sattA kA udghoSa kiyA hai aura usakI sarvocca vizuddhi kA patha pradarzita kiyA hai| usake sAdhana rUpa meM tyAga, vairAgya aura saMyama se jIvana ko camakAne kA sandeza diyA hai| saMyama sAdhanA, AtmaArAdhanA aura manonigraha kA upadeza diyA hai| jainAgamoM ke puraskartA kevala dArzanika hI nahIM, apitu mahAn va saphala sAdhaka rahe haiN| unhoMne 'kANTa' kI bhAMti ekAnta zAnta sthAna para baiThakara tatva kI vivecanA nahIM kI hai aura na 'hegela' kI bhA~ti rAjyAzraya meM rahakara apane vicAroM kA pracAra kiyA hai aura na una vaidika RSiyoM kI bhA~ti AzramoM meM rahakara va kaMda-mUla phala khAkara jIvana jagat kI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu unhoMne sarvaprathama mana ke maila ko sApha kiyA, AtmA ko sAdhanA kI agni meM tapAkara svarNa kI taraha nikhaaraa| prathama hI svayaM ne ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA kI, kaThora tapa kI ArAdhanA kI, aura anta meM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya karmoM ko naSTa kara AtmA meM ananta pAramAtmika aizvarya ke darzana kiye| usake pazcAt unhoMne sabhI jIvoM kI

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA rakSA rUpa dayA ke lie pravacana kiye|' Atma-sAdhanA kA navanIta jana-jana ke samakSa prastuta kiyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAgamoM meM jisa prakAra AtmasAdhanA kA vaijJAnika aura kramabaddha varNana upalabdha hotA hai, vaisA kisI bhI prAcIna paurvAtya aura pAzcAtya vicAraka ke sAhitya meM nahIM milatA / vedoM meM AdhyAtmika cintana nagaNya hai aura lokacintana adhika / usameM jitanA devastuti kA svara mukharita hai, utanA Atma-sAdhanA kA nahIM / upaniSad AdhyAtmika cintana kI ora avazya hI agrasara hue haiM kintu unakA brahmavAda aura AdhyAtmika vicAraNA itanI adhika dArzanika hai ki use sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie samajhanA kaThina hI nahIM, kaThinatara hai / jenAgamoM kI taraha AtmasAdhanA kA anubhUta mArga unameM nahIM hai| DAkTara harmana kobI, DAkTara zuniMga prabhRti pAzcAtya vicAraka bhI yaha satya tathya eka svara se svIkAra karate haiM ki jainAgamoM meM darzana aura jIvana kA, AcAra aura vicAra kA, bhAvanA aura kartavya kA, jaisA sundara samanvaya huA hai; vaisA anya sAhitya meM durlabha hai| Agama ke paryAyavAcI zabda * mUla vaidika zAstroM ko jaise 'veda', bauddha zAstroM ko jaise 'piTaka' kahA jAtA hai vaise hI jaina zAstroM ko 'zruta' 'sUtra' yA Agama kahA jAtA hai / Ajakala Agama zabda kA prayoga adhika hone lagA hai kintu atItakAla meM zruta zabda kA prayoga adhika hotA thA / zrutakevalI, zruta sthavira zabdoM kA prayoga AgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai kintu kahIM para bhI Agama- kevalI yA Agama-sthavira kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, Agama, Aptavacana, aitihya, AmnAya aura jinavacana zruta ye sabhI Agama ke hI paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / 1 sabvajagajIvarakkhaNadayaTTayAe pAvayaNaM bhagavayA sukahiyaM / --- praznavyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra 2 nandI su0 41 3. sthAnAMga0 sU0 150 4 suyasutta grantha siddha tapavayaNe ANavayaNa uvaese paNNavaNa Agame yA egaTTA -- anuyogadvAra 4, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA0 867 pajjavAsu 5 tattvArthabhASya0 1-20

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 5 Agama kI paribhASA Agama zabda-'A' upasarga aura 'gam' dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai| 'A' upasarga kA artha samantAt arthAt pUrNa hai aura 'gam' dhAtu kA artha gati-prApti hai| . Agama zabda kI aneka paribhASAe~ AcAryoM ne kI haiN| jisase vastutattva (padArtha-rahasya) kA paripUrNa jJAna ho, vaha Agama hai"; "jisase padArthoM kA yathArtha jJAna ho, vaha Agama hai'2 "jisase padArthoM kA paripUrNatA ke sAtha maryAdita jJAna ho, vaha Agama haiN| 'jo tattva AcAra paramparA se vAsita hokara AtA hai, vaha Agama hai'| 'Apta vacana se utpanna artha (padArtha) jJAna Agama kahA jAtA hai| upacAra se Apta vacana bhI Agama mAnA jAtA hai|'5 'Apta kA kathana Agama hai' 14 "jisase sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna upalabdha hotA hai vaha zAstra Agama yA zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra Agama zabda samana zruti kA paricAyaka hai, para jainadRSTi se vaha vizeSa granthoM ke lie vyavahRta hotA hai| . jaina dRSTi se Apta kauna hai ? prastuta prazna ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki jinhoMne rAga-dveSa ko jIta liyA hai vaha jina, tIrthakara, sarvajJa bhagavAn 1 A-samantAd gamyate vastutattvamanenetyAgamaH / .... 2 Agamyante maryAdayA'vabuddhayante'rthAH anenetyaagmH| -ratnAkarAvatArikA vRtti 3 A-abhividhinA sakalazrutaviSayavyApti rUpeNa, maryAdayA vA yathAvasthita prarUpaNA rUpayA gamyante-paricchidyante arthAH yena sa AgamaH / -Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti -nabI sUtra vRtti 4 AgacchatyAcAryaparamparayA vAsanAdvAreNetyAgamaH / . -siddhasenagamI kRta bhASyAnusAriNI TIkA pR057 5. AptavacanAdAvirbhUtamarthasaMvedanamAgamaH / upacArAdAptavacanaM ca / -syAdvAvarmajarI, 38 zlo0 TIkA 6 AptopadezaH zabdaH-gyAyasUtra 117 7. sAsijjaI jeNa tayaM satyaM taM vA visesiyaM nANaM / Agama eva ya satthaM AgamasatyaM tu suyanANaM // -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA0556

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Apta haiM aura unakA upadeza evaM vANI hI jainAgama hai; kyoMki unameM vaktA ke sAkSAt darzana evaM vItarAgatA ke kAraNa doSa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI aura na pUrvApara virodha tathA yukti-bAgha hI hotA hai / niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu kahate haiM- ' tapa-niyama-jJAna rUpa vRkSa ke Upara ArUr3ha hokara anantajJAnI kevalI bhagavAna bhavyAtmAoM ke vibodha ke lie jJAnakusumoM kI vRSTi karate haiN| gaNadhara apane buddhi-paTa meM una sakala kusumoM ko jhelakara pravacanamAlA gaMthate haiM / 2 tIrthaMkara kevala artharUpa meM upadeza dete haiM aura gaNadhara use granthabaddha yA sUtrabaddha karate haiN|' arthAtmaka graMtha ke praNetA tIrthaMkara hote haiN| etadartha AgamoM meM yatra-tatra 'tassa NaM ayamaTu paNNatte, (samavAya) zabda kA prayoga huA hai / jaina AgamoM ko tIrthaMkara praNIta kahA jAtA hai|" yahA~ para yaha vismaraNa nahIM honA cAhie ki jainAgamoM kI prAmANikatA kevala gaNadharakRta hone se hI nahIM hai apitu usake artha ke prarUpaka tIrthaMkara kI vItarAgatA evaM sarvArthaM sAkSAtkAritva ke kAraNa haiM / jaina anuzruti ke anusAra gaNadhara ke samAna hI anya pratyeka buddha 1 (ka) jaM NaM imaM arihaMtehi bhagavaMtehi uppaNNaNANa-daMsaNa-dharehitIya-paccuppaNNa- jAhi tilukkavahita mahitapuiehiM savvaSNU hi savvadarisIhi yaNIyaM duvAlasaMga gaNipiDagaM taM jahA AyAro jAva ditttthvaao| - anuyogadvAra sUtra 42 (kha) nandIsUtra 40/41 (ga) bRhatkalpa bhASya gA0 88 2 tava niyamanANaruvakhaM ArUDho kevalI amiyanANI / to muyai nANavuTThiM bhaviyajaNa vibohaNaTThAe || taM buddhimaeNa paDeNa gaNaharA givhiuM niravasesaM / tityayarabhAsiyAI gaMyaMti ta o pavayaNaTThA // - Avazyaka niyukti gA0 80-90 gaNaharA niuNaM / 3 (ka) atyaM mAsai arahA, suttaM ganthanti sAsaNassa hipaTTAe tao sutaM (kha) dhavalA bhAga 1 e0 64 tathA 72 4 nadIsUtra 40 pavatai // -Avazyaka niyukti gA0 162

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... jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 7 nirUpita Agama bhI pramANa rUpa hote haiN|' gaNadhara kevala dvAdazAMgI kI hI racanA karate haiN| aMgabAhya AgamoM kI racanA sthavira karate haiN| yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki gaNadhara sarvaprathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke samakSa yaha jijJAsA abhivyakta karate haiM ki bhagavan ! tattva kyA hai ? (bhagavaM ki tattaM ?) uttara meM bhagavAna unheM 'uppannei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vA' yaha tripadI pradAna karate haiM / tripadI ke phalasvarUpa ve jina AgamoM kA nirmANa karate haiM ve Agama aMgapraviSTa kahalAte haiM, aura zeSa sabhI racanAe~ aMgabAhya / dvAdazAMgI avazya hI gaNadharakRta hai kyoMki vaha tripadI se udbhUta hotI hai kintu gaNadharakRta samasta racanAeM aMga meM nahIM aatiiN| tripadI ke binA jo mukta vyAkaraNa se racanAyeM hotI haiM ve cAhe gaNadharakRta hoM yA sthavirakRta, aMgabAhya kahalAtI haiN| ... sthavira do prakAra ke hote haiM: (1) saMpUrNa zrutajJAnI aura (2) dazapUrvI sampUrNa zrutajJAnI caturdazapUrvI hote haiM / ve sUtra aura artharUpa se sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI rUpa jinAgama ke jJAtA hote haiM / ve jo kucha bhI kahate haiM yA likhate 1 (ka) sutaM gaNaharakathidaM, taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM ca / sudakevaliNA kathidaM abhiNNa dasapuvakathidaM ca // -mulAcAra 5-80 (kha) jayadhavalA, pR0 153 / / (ga) odhaniyukti, droNAcArya TIkA, pR0 3 / 2 (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA0 550 (kha) bRhatkalpabhASya 144 (ga) tattvArthabhASya 1-20 (gha) sarvArthasiddhi 1-20 3 (ka) yad gaNadharaiH, sAkSAd labdhaM tadaMgapraviSTaM tacca dvAdazAMgametatpunaH sthavira bhaMdrabAhu svAmiprabhRtibhirAcAryarUpanibaddha tadanaMgapraviSTa, taccAvazyaka niyuktyAdi / athavA vAratrayaM gaNadharapRSThena satA bhagavatA tIrthakareNa yatpratyucyate 'uppanneha vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vA' iti yattrayaM tadanusutpa yanniSpannaM tadaMgapraviSTa, yat punargaNadhara prazna vyatirekeNa zeSakRta praznapUrvakaM vA bhagavato vyutkalaM vyAkaraNaM tadadhikRtya yaniSpannaM jambUdvIpa prajJaptyAdi, yacca vA gaNadhara vAsyevopajIvyahabdhamAvazyaka niyuktyAdi pUrvasthaviraistadaMgapraviSTaM "sarvapakSeSu dvAdazAMgAnAmAMgapraviSTaM zeSamanaMgaprabiSTaM / (kha) Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti, patra 48

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8 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura maumAMsA haiM usakA kiMcit mAtra bhI virodha mUla jinAgama se nahIM hotA / etadartha hI bahatkalpabhASya meM kahA hai ki--jisa bAta ko tIrthaMkara ne kahA hai usa bAta ko zrutakevalI bhI kaha sakatA hai| zratakevalI bhI kevalI ke sadRza hI hotA hai| usameM aura kevalI meM vizeSa antara nahIM hotA / kevalI samagratattva ko pratyakSarUpeNa jAnate haiM, zrutakevalI usI samagratattva ko parokSarUpeNa-zrutajJAna dvArA jAnate haiM / etadartha unake vacana bhI prAmANika hote haiN| prAmANika hone kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki caturdaza pUrvadhara aura daza pUrvadhara sAdhaka niyamataH samyagdRSTi hote haiN| 'tameva saccaM NIsaMkaM jaM jiNehiM paveiyaM tathA 'Niggathe pAvayaNe aTTha, ayaM parama8, sese aNaThe' unakA mukhya ghoSa hotA hai| ve sadA nirgrantha pravacana ko Age karake hI calate haiN| etadartha unake dvArA racita graMthoM meM dvAdazAMgI se viruddha tathyoM kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI, unakA kathana dvAdazAMgI se aviruddha hotA hai / ataH unake dvArA racita granthoM ko bhI Agama ke samAna prAmANika mAnA gayA hai / parantu yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki unameM svata: prAmANya nahIM, parataH prAmANya hai| unakA parIkSaNaprastara dvAdazAMgI hai / anya sthaviroM dvArA racita granthoM kI prAmANikatA aura aprAmANikatA kA mApadaNDa bhI yahI hai ki ve jinezvara devoM kI vANI ke anukUla haiM to prAmANika aura pratikUla haiM to aprAmANika / pUrva aura aMga jaina AgamoM kA prAcInatama vargIkaraNa samavAyAMga meM milatA hai| vahA~ Agama sAhitya kA pUrva aura aMga ke rUpa meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| pUrva saMkhyA kI dRSTi se caudaha the aura aMga bAraha / 1 bRhatkalpabhASya gA0963-666 2 bRhatkalpabhASya gA0 132 3 AcArAMga // 163 udde05 4 bhagavatI 15 caudasa pubvA pa020-- .. uppAya pubamaggeNiyaM ca taiyaM ca vIriyaM puvvaM / . atthInasthi . pavAyaM tatto nANappavAyaM ca // saccappavAyapuvvaM tatto AyappavAyapuSvaM c| kammappavAyapuvvaM paccakkhANaM bhave nabamaM // .... vijjANuppavArya avaMjhapANAu bArasaM puthvaM / tatto kiriyavisAlaM puvaM taha biMdusAraM ca // -samavAyAMga, samavAya 14 duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage pa0 se--- AyAre, sUyagaDe, ThANe, samavAe, vivAhapannatI, nAyAdhammakahAo, uvAsagadasAo, aMtagaDadasAo, aNuttarovavAiyadasAo, pahAvAgaraNAI, vivAgasue, ditttthivaae| -samavAyAMga, samavAya 136

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.. jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana .. pUrva zruta va Agama sAhitya kI anupama maNi-maMjUSA hai| koI bhI viSaya aisA nahIM hai jisa para pUrva sAhitya meM vicAra-carcA na kI gaI ho| pUrvazrata ke artha aura racanA kAla ke sambandha meM vijJoM ke vibhinna mata haiN| AcArya abhayadeva Adi ke abhimatAnusAra dvAdazAMgI se prathama pUrva sAhitya nirmita kiyA gayA thaa| isI se usakA nAma pUrva rakkhA gayA hai| kucha cintakoM kA yaha maMtavya hai ki pUrva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kI zrutarAzi hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUrvavartI hone ke kAraNa yaha 'pUrva' kahA gayA hai| jo ho, itanA to spaSTa hai ki pUrvo kI racanA dvAdazAMgI se pahale vartamAna meM pUrva dvAdazAMgI se pRthak nahIM mAne jAte haiN| dRSTivAda bArahavA~ aMga hai| pUrvagata usI kA eka vibhAga hai tathA caudaha pUrva isI pUrvagata ke antargata haiM / jaina anuzruti ke anusAra zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sarvaprathama 'pUrvagata' artha kA nirUpaNa kiyA thA aura use hI gautama prabhRti gaNadharoM ne pUrvadha ta ke rUpa meM nirmita kiyA thaa| kintu pUrvagata zruta atyanta kliSTa aura gahana thA, ataH use sAdhAraNa adhyetA samajha nahIM sakatA thaa| etadartha alpa medhAvI vyaktiyoM ke lie AcArAMga Adi anya aMgoM kI racanA kI gii| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne spaSTa kahA hai.---'dRSTivAda meM samasta zabda jJAna kA avatAra ho jAtA hai tathApi gyAraha aMgoM kI racanA alpa medhAvI 1 (ka) prathamaM pUrva tasya sarvapravacanAt pUrva kriyamANatvAt / -samavAyAMga vRtti, patra 101 (kha) sarvazrutAt pUrva kriyate iti pUrvANi, utpAdapUrvA'dIni cturdsh| -sthAnAMgasUtra vRtti 101 (ga) jamhA titthakaro titthapavattaNakAle gaNadharANaM sakvasuttA-dhArattaNatI pubvaM puvagatasuttatthaM bhAsati tamhA puvvaM ti mnnitaa| -nandIsUtra (vijayadAna sUri saMzodhita pUNi pR0111 a) 2 (ka) anye tu vyAcakSate pUrva pUrvagata sUtrArthamahan bhASate, maNadharA api pUrva pUrva . gatasUtraM viracayanti pazcAdAcArAdikam / -nandI, malayagiri, pR0 240 (kha) puvANaM gayaM patta-puvasarUvaM vA puvvagayAmidi gaNaNAmaM / -SaTkhaMDAgama (dhavalA TIkA) borasenAcArya pu01 pR0 114

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10. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA puruSoM aura mahilAoM ke lie kI gii|" jo zramaNa prabala pratibhA ke dhanI hote the, ve pUrvo kA adhyayana karate the aura jinameM pratibhA kI tejasvitA nahIM hotI thI, ve gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana karate the / jaba taka AcArAMga Adi aMga sAhitya kA nirmANa nahIM huA thA taba taka bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zrutarAzi caudaha pUrva yA dRSTivAda ke nAma se hI pahacAnI jAtI thii| jaba AcAra prabhRti gyAraha aMgoM kA nirmANa ho gayA taba dRSTivAda ko bArahaveM aMga ke rUpa meM sthAna de diyA gyaa| Agama sAhitya meM dvAdaza aMgoM ko par3hane vAle aura caudaha pUrva par3hanevAle donoM prakAra ke sAdhakoM kA varNana milatA hai kintu donoM kA tAtparya eka hI hai| jo caturdazapUrvI hote the, ve dvAdazAMgavit bhI hote the kyoMki bArahaveM aMga meM caudaha pUrva haiM hii| aGga jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM hI bhAratIya paramparAoM meM 'aGga' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / jaina paramparA meM usakA prayoga mukhya Agama grantha gaNipiTaka ke artha meM huA hai / 'duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage" kahA gayA hai| (1) AcAra ( 2 ) sUtrakRt (3) sthAna ( 4 ) samavAya ( 5 ) bhagavatI (6) jJAtAdharmakathA ( 7 ) upAsaka dazA (8) antakRt dazA (2) anuttaropa 1 (ka) jaivi ya bhUtAvAeM, sabvassavaogayassa oyAro / nijjahaNA tahAvi hu, dummehe pappa itthI ya // -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA0 554 (kha) prabhAvaka caritra, zlo0 114-16, prabhAcandra sUri 2 (ka) coTsapumvAI ahijjai / (kha) sAmAiyamAiyAI codasapuvvAI ahijjai / (ga) bhagavatI 11-11-432 / 17-2-617 / 3 (ka) sAmAiyamAiyAI ekArasa aMgAI ahijjai / (kha) vahI, 8 varga a0 1 (ga) bhagavatI 2 / 149 (gha) jJAtAdharma a0 12 / jJAtA 2 / 1 ke antagaDa varga 4, a0 1 5. antagaDa varga 3, 201 6 samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya sUtra ma - aMtagaDa 3 varga a0 6 --aMtagaDa 3 varga a0 1 --aMtagaDa 6 varga a0 15

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 11 pAtika (10) praznavyAkaraNa (11) vipAka aura (12) dRSTivAda-ye bAraha aMga haiN| __AcAra prabhRti Agama zruta-puruSa ke aMgasthAnIya hone se bhI aMga kahalAte haiN| vaidika paramparA meM veda ke artha meM aMga zabda vyavahRta nahIM huA hai apitu veda ke adhyayana meM jo sahAyaka grantha haiM, unako aMga kahA gayA hai aura ve chaha haiM: (1) zikSA-zabdoccAraNa ke vidhAna kA prarUpaka grantha / (2) kalpa-veda-nirUpita karmoM kA yathAvasthita pratipAdana karane vAlA grnth| (3) vyAkaraNa-pada-svarUpa aura padArtha nizcaya kA varNana karane vAlA grantha / (4) nirukta-padoM kI vyutpatti kA varNana karane vAlA grantha / .. (5) chanda-mantroM kA uccAraNa kisa svara vijJAna se karanA, isakA nirUpaNa karane vAlA grantha / (6) jyotiSa-yajJa-yAga Adi kRtyoM ke lie samaya zuddhi ko batAne vAlA grantha / bauddha sAhitya ke mUla grantha tripiTaka mAne jAte haiN| yadyapi unake sAtha aMga zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai kintu pAli-sAhitya meM buddha ke vacanoM ko navAMga aura dvAdazAMga avazya hI kahA gayA hai| navAMga isa prakAra hai (1) sutta-buddha kA gadyamaya updesh| .. (2) geyya-gadya-padya mizrita aMza / 1 mUlArAdhanA 4/566 vijyodyaa| 2 pANinIya zikSA-41-12 3 saddharmapuNDarIka sUtra 2134 (DaoNkTara nalinAkSa datta kA devanAgarI saMskaraNa, rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI kalakattA, san 1953) 4 sUtra geyaM vyAkaraNaM, gAthodAnAvadAnakam / itivRttakaM nidAnaM, vaipulyaM ca sajAtakam / upadezAdbhuto dharmo, dvAdazAMgamidaM vacaH / / -bauddha saMskRta grantha abhisamayAlaMkAra kI TIkA, pR035

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12 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (3) vaiyAkaraNa-vyAkhyAtmaka grantha / (4) gAthA-padya meM nirmita grantha / .., (5) uvAna-buddha ke mukhAravinda se niHsRta bhAvapUrNa prIti-udgAra / (6) itivRttaka-laghupravacana, jo 'buddha ne isa prakAra kahA' se prArambha hote haiN| (7) jAtaka-buddha ke puurv-bhv|| (5) agbhutadhamma-camatkArika vastuoM aura vibhUtiyoM kA varNana karane vAle grantha / (e) vedalla-praznottara zailI meM likhe gaye upadeza / dvAdazAMga isa prakAra haiM (1) sUtra (2) geya (3) vyAkaraNa (4) gAthA (5) udAna (6) avadAna (7) itivRttaka (6) nidAna (9) vaipulya (10) jAtaka (11) upadeza dharma aura (12) adbhuta dharma / aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya AgamoM kA dUsarA vargIkaraNa devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke samaya kA hai| unhoMne AgamoM ko aMga-praviSTa aura aMgabAhya ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyaa| aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya kA vizleSaNa karate hue jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne tIna hetu batalAye haiN| aMgapraviSTa zrRta vaha hai (1) jo gaNaghara ke dvArA sUtra rUpa se banAyA haA hotA hai| (2) jo gaNadhara ke dvArA prazna karane para tIrthaMkara ke dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai| (3) jo zAzvata satyoM se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa dhra va evaM sudIrghakAlIna hotA hai| 1 ahavA taM samAsao duvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-aMgapaviTTha aMgabAhiraM c| . -naMdIsUtra 43 2 gaNahara therakayaM vA, AesA mukka-vAgaraNao vaa| ghuva-cala visesao vA aMgANaMgesu nANataM // . . -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA0552

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- jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 13 etadartha hI samavAyAMga' evaM nandIsUtra meM spaSTa kahA hai-dvAdazAMgabhUta gaNipiTaka kabhI nahIM thA, aisA nahIM hai, kabhI nahIM hai, aura kabhI nahIM hogA, yaha bhI nhiiN| vaha thA, hai, aura hogaa| vaha dhruva hai, niyata hai, zAzvata hai, akSaya hai, avyaya hai, avasthita hai aura nitya hai| ... aMgabAhya zruta vaha hotA hai : ... (1) jo sthavira kRta hotA hai, (2) jo binA prazna kiye tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai| vaktA ke bheda kI dRSTi se bhI aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| jisa Agama ke mUlavaktA tIrthakara hoM aura saMkalanakartA gaNadhara hoM vaha aMgapraviSTa hai| pUjyapAda ne vaktA ke tIna prakAra batalAye haiM(1) tIrthakara (2) zrutakevalI (3) ArAtIya / AcArya akalaMka ne kahA hai ki ArAtIya AcAryoM ke dvArA nirmita Agama aMgapratipAdita artha ke nikaTa yA anukUla hone ke kAraNa aMgabAhya kahalAte haiM / . samavAyAMga aura anuyogadvAra meM to kevala dvAdazAMgI kA hI nirUpaNa hai kintu nandIsUtra meM aMgapraviSTa, aMgabAhya kA to bheda kiyA hI gayA hai, sAtha hI aMgabAhya ke Avazyaka, Avazyaka vyatirikta, kAlika aura utkAlika rUpa meM Agama kI sampUrNa zAkhAoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai jo isa prakAra hai 1 duvAlasaMge NaM gaNipiDage Na kayAvi patthi, Na kayAi NAsI, " kayAi Na bhviss| bhuvi ca, bhavati ya, bhavissati ya, ayale, dhuve, Nitie, sAsae, akkhae, avvae, avaTThie nnicce| -samavAyAMga, samavAya 148, muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' sampAdita, pR0 138 2 nandIsUtra 57 3 vaktUvizeSAd dvaividhyam / .. -tasvArtha bhASya 1220 4 yo vaktAraH ---sarvajJastIrthakara; itaro vA zrutakevalI ArAtIyazceti / -sarvArthasiddhi 1120 pUjyapAda 5 aaraatiiyaacaarykRtaaNgaarthprtyaasnnruupmNgvaahym| -tattvArtha rAjavArtika, 1120, akalaMka

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14 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Agama aMgapraviSTa aMgabAhya Avazyaka Avazyaka vyatirikta AcAra sUtrakRta sthAna samavAya bhagavatI (vyAkhyAprajJapti) jJAtAdhakathA upAsakadazA antakRtadazA anuttaropapAtikadazA praznavyAkaraNa vipAka dRSTivAda sAmAyika caturvizatistava vandanA pratikramaNa kAyotsarga pratyAkhyAna kAlika utkAlika uttarAdhyayana aruNopapAta dazavakAlika sUryaprajJapti dazAzrutaskaMdha varuNopapAta kalpikAkalpika pauruSImaMDala kalpa garuDopapAta cullakalpazruta maNDala praveza vyavahAra dharaNopapAta mahAkalpazruta vidyAcaraNa vinizcaya nizItha vezravaNopapAta aupapAtika gaNividyA mahAnizIya velandharopapAta rAjapraznIya dhyAnavibhakti RSibhASita devendropapAta jIvAbhigama maraNavibhakti jambUdvIpaprajJapti utthAnazruta prazApanA Atmavizodhi dvIpasAgaraprajJapti samutthAnazruta mahAprajJApanA vItarAgavata candraprApti nAgaparitApanikA pramAdApramAda saMlekhanAzrata kSullikAvimAnapravibhakti nirayAvalikA nandI vihArakalpa mahallikAvimAnapravibhakti kalpikA anuyogadvAra caraNavidhi aMgacUlikA kalpAvataMsikA devendrastava Atura pratyAkhyAna vaigacUlikA puSpikA tandulavaicArika mahApratyAkhyAna vivAhacUlikA puSpacUlikA candravedhyaka vRSNidazA

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15 jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana digambara mAnyatAnusAra AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa Agama' aMgapraviSTa aMgabAhya AcAra sAmAyika sUtrakRta caturviMzatistava sthAna vandanA samavAya pratikramaNa . vyAkhyAprajJapti vainayika kRtikarma jJAtAdharmakathA dazavakAlika upAsakadazA uttarAdhyayana antakRtadazA kalpavyavahAra anuttaropapAtikadazA kalpAkalpa praznavyAkaraNa mahAkalpa vipAka ... puMDarIka dRSTivAda mahApuMDarIka azItikA prathamAnuyoga pUrvagata culikA .. parikarma . sUtra candraprajJapti sUryaprajJapti jambUdvIpaprajJapti dvIpasAgaraprajJapti vyAkhyAprajJapti llnaa sthalagatA mAyAgatA AkAzagatA rUpagatA utpAda agrAyaNIya vIryAnupravAda astinAstipravAda jJAnapravAda satyapravAda AtmapravAda karmapravAda pratyAkhyAnapravAda vidyAnupravAda kalyANa prANAvAya kriyAvizAla lokabindusAra 1 tattvArtha sUtra 1/20 zrutasAgarI vRtti

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 16 anuyoga Arya vajra ke pazcAt AryarakSita hote haiN| inake guru kA nAma 'AcArya tosaliputra' thaa| AryarakSita nau pUrva aura dasaveM pUrva ke 24 yavika ke jJAtA the| inhoMne sarvaprathama anuyogoM ke anusAra sabhI AgamoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA (1) caraNa karaNAnuyoga-kAlika zruta, mahAkalpa, cheda zruta Adi / (2) dharmaM kathAnuyoga - RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana Adi / (3) gaNitAnuyoga -- sUryaprajJapti Adi / (4) dravyAnuyoga - dRSTivAda Adi / viSaya - sAdRzya kI dRSTi se prastuta vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| vyAkhyA -krama kI dRSTi se AgamoM ke do rUpa hote haiM :-. (1) apRthaktvAnuyoga (2) pRthaktvAnuyoga ArakSita se pahale apRthaktvAnuyoga kA pracalana thA / apRthaktvA nuyoga meM hara eka sUtra kI vyAkhyA caraNa-karaNa, dharma, gaNita aura dravya kI dRSTi se hotI thI / yaha vyAkhyA atyadhika kliSTa aura smRti-sApekSa thI / AryarakSita ke cAra mukhya ziSya the - ( 1 ) durbalikA puSyamitra (2) phalgurakSita ( 3 ) vindhya aura (4) goSThAmAhila / unake ziSyoM meM vindhya prabala medhAvI thA / usane AcArya se abhyarthanA kI ki sahapATha se atyadhika vilamba hotA hai ataH aisA prabandha kareM ki mujhe zIghra pATha mila jaae| AcArya ke Adeza se durbalikA puSyamitra ne use vAcanA dene kA kArya apane Upara liyA / adhyayanakrama calatA rhaa| samayAbhAva ke kAraNa durbalikApuSyamitra apanA svAdhyAya vyavasthita rUpa se nahIM kara ske| ve nauveM pUrva ko bhUlane lage, to AcArya ne socA ki prabala pratibhA sampanna durbalikA puSya 1 prabhAvaka caritra AryarakSita, zloka 82-84 2 (ka) Avazyaka niyukti, 363-377 (kha) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 2284-2265 (ga) dazavekAlika niyukti, 3 TI0

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jaina bhAgama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 17 mitra kI bhI yaha sthiti hai to alpamedhAvI muni kisa prakAra smaraNa rakha sakeMge? pUrvokta kAraNa se AcArya AryarakSita ne pRthaktvAnuyoga kA pravartana kiyaa| cAra anuyogoM kI dRSTi se unhoMne AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa bhI kiyaa| sUtrakRtAMga cUNi ke abhimatAnusAra apRthaktvAnuyoga ke samaya pratyeka sUtra kI vyAkhyA caraNa-karaNa, dharma, gaNita aura dravya Adi anuyoga kI dRSTi se va sapta naya kI dRSTi se kI jAtI thI, parantu pRthaktvAnuyoga ke samaya cAroM anuyogoM kI vyAkhyAeM alaga-alaga kI jAne lgiiN| yaha vargIkaraNa karane para bhI yaha bheda-rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sakatI ki anya AgamoM meM anya varNana nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana meM dharma-kathAoM ke atirikta dArzanika tatva bhI paryApta rUpa se haiN| bhagavatI sUtra to sabhI viSayoM kA mahAsAgara hai hii| AcArAMga Adi meM bhI yahI bAta hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki kucha AgamoM ko chor3akara zeSa AgamoM meM cAroM anuyogoM kA saMmizraNa hai / etadartha prastuta vargIkaraNa sthUla vargIkaraNa hI rhaa| 1 tato AyAriehi dubbaliya pussamitto tassa vAyaNAyariyao diNNI, tato so kA vi divase vAyaNaM dAUNa AyariyamuvaTThito bhaNai mama vAyaNaM detassa nAsati, jaM ca saNNAyaghare nANuppehiyaM, ato mama ajjharatassa navamaM pubbaM nAsihiti tAhe AyariyA citati-'jai tAva eyassa paramamehAvissa evaM zaraMtassa nAsai annassa ciragaDDhaM ceva / ' -Avazyaka vRtti, pR030 2 (ka) apuhatte aNuogo cattAri duvAra bhAsaI ego| pahattANuogakaraNe te atthA tao u khucchinnA / / deviMdavaMdiehiM mahANumAvehi rakkhiajjehiM / jumamAsajja vihatto aNuoge tA kao cauhA // -Avazyaka niyukti gA0 773-774 (kha) caturthaMkakasUtrArthAkhyAne syAt kopi na amaH / tato'nuyogAMzcaturaH pArthakyena vyadhAt prbhuH| -Avazyaka kathA 174 3 jatya ete cattAri aNuyogA pihappihaM vakkhANijjaMti puhattANuyoge apahRttANujogo, puNa je ekkekka suttaM etehiM cauhi vi aNuyogehi sattahiM gayasattehi vkkhaannijjti| -sUtrakRtacUNi, patra 4

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15 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA digambara sAhitya meM ina cAra anuyogoM kA varNana kucha rUpAntara se milatA hai| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-(1) prathamAnuyoga, (2) karaNAnuyoga, (3) caraNAnuyoga, (4) drvyaanuyog| prathamAnuyoga meM mahApuruSoM kA jIvana-carita hai| karaNAnuyoga meM lokAlokavibhakti, kAla, gaNita Adi kA varNana hai| caraNAnuyoga meM AcAra kA nirUpaNa hai aura dravyAnuyoga meM dravya, guNa, paryAya, tattva Adi kA vizleSaNa hai| digambara paramparA AgamoM ko lupta mAnatI hai ataeva prathamAnuyoga meM mahApurANa aura anya purANa, karaNAnuyoga meM triloka-prajJapti, trilokasAra, caraNAnuyoga meM mUlAcAra aura dravyAnuyoga meM pravacanasAra, gommaTasAra Adi kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai|' zrImad rAjacandra ne cAroM anuyogoM kA AdhyAtmika upayoga batAte hae likhA hai-'yadi mana zaMkAzIla ho gayA hai to dravyAnuyoga kA cintana karanA cAhiye, pramAda meM par3a gayA hai to caraNa-karaNAnuyoga kA, kaSAya se abhibhUta hai to dharmakathAnuyoga kA aura jar3atA prApta kara rahA hai to gaNitAnuyoga kaa|' - anuyogoM kI tulanA vaidika sAdhanA ke vibhinna pakSoM ke sAtha kI jAya to dravyAnuyoga kA sambandha jJAnayoga se hai, caraNa-karaNAnuyoga kA karmayoga se, dharmakathAnuyoga kA bhaktiyoga se| gaNitAnuyoga mana ko ekAgra karane kI praNAlI hone se rAjayoga se milatA hai| 1 prathamAnuyogamAkhyAnaM caritaM purANamavipuNyam / bodhisamAdhinidhAnaM bodhati bodhaH samIcInaH // 43 // lokAlokavibhakteyugaparivRttezcaturgatInAJca / Adarzamiva tathAmatiravaiti karaNAnuyogaJca // 44 // gRhamadhyanagArANAM cAritrotpattivRddhi rakSAMgam / caraNAnuyogasamayaM samyagjJAnaM vijAnAti // 45 // jIvAjIvasutattve puNyApuNye ca baMdhamokSau ca / dravyAnuyogadIpa: zrutavidyAlokamAtanute // 46 // -ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, adhikAra 1, pR071 se 73

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 16 aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda AgamoM kA sabase uttaravartI caturtha vargIkaraNa hai-aMga, upAMga, mUla aura ched| nandIsUtrakAra ne mUla aura cheda ye do vibhAga nahIM kiye haiM aura na vahA~ para upAMga zabda kA hI prayoga haA hai| upAMga zabda bhI nandI ke pazcAt hI vyavahRta huA hai / nandI meM upAMga ke artha meM hI aMgabAhya zabda AyA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne, jinakA samaya paM. sukhalAlajI ne vikrama kI pahalI zatAbdI se caturtha zatAbdI ke madhya mAnA hai,' tattvArthabhASya meM aMga ke sAtha upAMga zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| upAMga se unakA tAtparya aMgabAhya AgamoM se hI hai| AcArya zrIcandra ne, jinakA samaya I0 1112 se pUrva mAnA jAtA hai, unhoMne sukhabodhA samAcArI kI racanA kii| usameM unhoMne Agama ke svAdhyAya kI tapovidhi kA varNana karate hae aMgabAhya ke artha meM 'upAMga' zabda prayukta kiyA hai| AcArya jinaprabha, jinhoMne I0 1306 meM 'vidhimArgaprapA' grantha pUrNa kiyA thA, unhoMne usameM AgamoM kI svAdhyAya kI tapovidhi kA varNana karate hue 'iyANi ubaMgA' likhakara jisa aMga kA jo upAMga hai, usakA nirdeza kiyA hai| jinaprabha ne 'vAyaNAvihIM kI utthAnikA meM jo vAkya diyA hai, usameM bhI upAMga-vibhAga kA ullekha huA hai| paNDita becaradAsajI dozI kA abhimata hai ki cUNi-sAhitya meM bhI 1 tattvArthasUtra--paM0 sukhalAlajI vivecana pR06| 2 abhyathA hi anibaddhamaMgopAMgazaH samudraprataraNavaduradhyavaseyaM syaat|| -tasvArtha bhANya 1-20 3 sukhabodhA samAcArI pR0 31 se 34 4 paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1 kI prastAvanA meM pR0 38 / 5 evaM kappatippAivihipurassaraM sAhU samANiyasayalajogavihI mUlagganthanandi aNuogadAra-uttarajjhayaNa-isibhAsiya-aMga-ucAMga-paiNNaya-chayagganthaAgamevAijjA |-baaynnaavihi pR0 64 jaina sA vR0 i0 prastAvanA, pR0 40-41 se /

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20 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA upAMga zabda kA prayoga huA hai| kintu sarvaprathama kisane kiyA, yaha anveSaNa kA viSaya hai| mUla aura cheda sUtroM kA vibhAga kisa samaya huA, yaha nizcita rUpa se to nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu itanA spaSTa hai ki dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi kI niyukti, cUNi aura vRttiyoM meM mUlasUtra ke sambandha meM kiJcitmAtra bhI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka 'mUlasUtra' isa prakAra kA vibhAga nahIM huA thaa| yadi huA hotA to avazya hI usakA ullekha ina granthoM meM hotaa| zrAvaka vidhi ke lekhaka dhamapAla ne, jinakA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai, apane anya meM paiMtAlIsa AgamoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura vicArasAra-prakaraNa ke lekhaka pradyumnasUri ne bhI, jinakA samaya vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI hai, paitAlIsa AgamoM kA to nirdeza kiyA hai| para mUlasUtra ke rUpa meM vibhAga nahIM kiyA hai| vikrama saMvat 1334 meM nirmita prabhAvaka-caritra meM sarvaprathama aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda kA vibhAga milatA hai aura usake pazcAt upAdhyAya samayasundara gaNI ne bhI samAcArIzataka meM usakA ullekha kiyA hai| phalitArtha yaha hai ki mUlasUtra vibhAga kI sthApanA terahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM ho cukI thii| dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi AgamoM ko 'mUlasUtra' yaha abhidhA kyoM dI gaI, isake saMbaMdha meM vibhinna vijJoM ne vibhinna kalpanAe~ kI haiN| 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhA0 1 'jaina zruta', pR. 30 . dekhie-dazavakAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti, aura uttarAdhyayana zAntyAcAryakRta bRhad vRtti / 3 gAthAsahasrI meM samayasundara maNI ne dhanapAlakRta 'zrAvakavidhi' kA nimna uddharaNa ... diyA hai-'paNayAlIsaM Agama', zlo0 267, pR0 18 / 4 vicAralesa, gAthA 344-351 (vicArasAra prakaraNa) 5 tatazcaturvidhaH kAryo'nuyogo'taH paraM mayA / tato'GgopAGgamUlAkhyagranthacchedakRtAgamaH // 241 // -prabhAvaka caritam, dUsarA AryarakSita prabandha (pra. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda) 6 samAcArI zataka patra-76

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 21 pro0 vinTaranitja kA mantavya hai ki ina AgamoM para aneka TIkAe~ haiN| inase mUlagrantha kA pRthakkaraNa karane ke lie inheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| kintu unakA yaha tarka vajanadAra nahIM hai kyoMki unhoMne piNDaniyukti ko mUlasUtra meM mAnA hai jabaki usakI aneka TIkAe~ nahIM hai| DaoN0 sArapenTiyara, DA. gyArIno aura prophesara paTavardhana Adi kA abhimata hai ki ina AgamoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM kA saMgraha hai, etadartha unheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| kintu unakA yaha kathana bhI yukti-yukta pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM ke kAraNa hI.kisI Agama ko mUlasUtra mAnA jAtA hai to sarvaprathama AcArAMga 1 A History of Indian Literature, Part II, Page 446 Why these texts are called "root Sutras" is not quite clear. Generally the word Mula is used for fundamental text. in contradiction to the commentary. Now as there are old and important commentaries in existence precisely in the case of these texts they are probably termed "Mula-Texts". The Uttradhyayana Sutra, Page 32 In the Buddhista work Mahavytpatti 245, 1265 Mulgrantha seems to mean original text that is the words of Buddha himself. Consequently there can be no doubt whatsoever that the Jainas too may have used Mula in the sense of 'Original text' and perhaps not so much in opposition to the later abridgements and commentaries as merely to denote actual words of Mahavira himself. 3 la rilijiyana da jaina pR. 79 (La Religion the Jain), Page 79 The word Mul-Sutra is translated as trates originaux, 4 The Dashvaikalika Sutra-A Study, Page 16-- We find however the word Mula often used in the sense of "original text" and it is but reasonable to hold that the word Mula appearing in the expression Mula-Sutra has got the same sense. Thus the term Mulasutra would mean the "Original test" i. e. "The text containing the original words of Mahavira (as received directly from his mouth)." And as a matter of fact we find that the style of Mula sutras No. 183 (uttarAdhyayana and dazavaikAlika) as sufficiently ancient to justify the claim made in their favour by original title, that they present and preserve the original words of Mahavira,

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22 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ke prathama zrutaskandha ko mUla mAnanA cAhiye, kyoMki vahI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM kA sabase prAcIna saMkalana hai| hamAre mantavyAnusAra jina AgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se zramaNa ke AcAra sambandhI mUla guNoM mahAvrata, samiti, gupti Adi kA nirUpaNa hai aura jo zramaNa-jIvanacaryA meM mUla rUpa se sahAyaka banate haiM aura jina AgamoM kA adhyayana zramaNa ke lie sarvaprathama apekSita hai unheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| ...hamAre isa kathana kI puSTi isa bAta se bhI hotI hai ki pUrvakAla meM AgamoM kA adhyayana AcArAMga se prAraMbha hotA thaa| jaba dazavakAlika sUtra kA nirmANa ho gayA to sarvaprathama dazavakAlika kA adhyayana karAyA jAne lagA aura usake pazcAt uttarAdhyayana par3hAyA jAne lgaa|' pahale AcArAMga ke 'zastraparijJA prathama adhyayana se zaikSa kI upasthApanA kI jAtI thI parantu dazavakAlika kI racanA hone ke pazcAt usake caturtha adhyayana se upasthApanA kI jAne lgii| - mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM bhI mataikya nahIM hai| samayasundara gaNI ne (1) dazabaikAlika, (2) oghaniyukti, (3) piNDaniyukti, (4) aura uttarAdhyayana ye cAra mUlasUtra mAne haiN| bhAvaprabhasUri ne (1) uttarAdhyayana, (2) Avazyaka, (3) piNDaniyukti-oghaniyukti aura (4) dazavakAlika ye cAra mUlasUtra mAne haiN| pro0 bevara aura pro0 bUlara ne (1) uttarAdhyayana, (2) Avazyaka evaM (3) dazavakAlika ko mUla sUtra kahA hai| AyArassa u uvari, uttarajjhayaNA u Asi puvvaM tu / dasaveyAliya uri iyANi kiM tena hovaMtI u|| -vyavahArabhASya uddezaka 3, gA0 176 (saMzodhaka muni mANaka0, pra. vakIla kezavalAla premacanda, bhAvanagara) 2 puvvaM satthapariNNA, adhIya paDhiyAi hoi uvaTThavaNA / iNhicchajjIvaNayA, ki sA u na hou uvaTThavaNA / / -vyavahArabhASya udde0 3, gA0 174 3 samAcArI shtk| 4 atha uttarAdhyayana-Avazyaka-piNDaniyukti tathA odhaniyukti-dazavakAlika-iti ..... catvAri mUlasUtrANi / -jainadharmavarastotra, zlo0 30 kI svopajJavRtti / (le0 bhAvaprabhasUri, pra0 jhaverI jIvanacanda sAkaracandra)

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 23 DA0 sArapenTiyara, DA0 vinTaranitja aura DA0 gyArIno ne (1) uttarAdhyayana, (2) Avazyaka, (3) dazavaikAlika, evaM ( 4 ) piNDa niryukti ko mUla sUtra mAnA hai / DA0 subiMga ne uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka, piNDa niryukti aura o niyukti ko mUla sUtra kI saMjJA dI hai| sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAya uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nandIsUtra aura anuyogadvAra ko mUla sUtra mAnate haiM / kahA jA cukA hai ki 'mUla' sUtra kI taraha 'cheda' sUtra kA nAmollekha bhI nandI sUtra meM nahIM huA hai| 'cheda sUtra' kA sabase prathama prayoga Avazyaka niryukti meM huA hai| usake pazcAt vizeSAvazyaka bhASya aura nizItha bhASya' Adi meM bhI yaha zabda vyavahRta huA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hama Avazyaka niyukti ko yadi jyotirvida varAhamihira ke bhrAtA dvitIya bhadrabAhu kI kRti mAnate haiM to ve vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue haiN| unhoMne isakA prayoga kiyA hai| spaSTa hai ki 'cheda sutta' zabda kA prayoga 'mUla sutta' se pahale huA hai / amuka AgamoM ko 'chedasUtra' yaha abhidhA kyoM dI gaI ? isa prazna kA uttara prAcIna granthoM meM sIdhA aura spaSTa prApta nahIM hai / hA~ yaha spaSTa hai ki jina sUtroM ko 'chedasutta' kahA gayA hai ve prAyazcitta sUtra haiN| sthAnAGga meM zramaNoM ke lie pA~ca cAritroM kA ullekha hai 1 e hisTrI oNpha dI kenonikala liTarecara oNpha dI jensa, pR0 44-45 lekhaka eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA / 2 (ka) jainadarzana, DA0 mohanalAla mehatA pR0 86, pra0 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA / (kha) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, pR0 28 prastAvaka paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 3 jaM ca mahAkappasurya, jANi asesANi cheasuttANi caraNakaraNANuogo ti kAliyatthe ubagayANi // - Avazyaka niyukti 777 - vizevAvazyakabhASya 2265 4 vahI 5 (ka) chedasuttANi sIhAdI, attho ya gato ya chedasuttAthI / maMtanimittosahipAhuDe, ya - nizIthabhAvya 5647 A gAta aNNAt / / (kha) kenonikala liTarecara, pR0 36 bhI dekhie / 6 jainAgamadhara aura prAkRta vAGmaya - lekhaka puNyavijayajI, - muni hajArImala smRti grantha, pR0 718

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24 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (1) sAmAyika, (2) chedopasthApanIya, (3) parihAravizuddhi (4) sUkSmasaMparAya. (5) yathAkhyAta / ' inameM se vartamAna meM tIna antima cAritra vicchinna ho gaye haiN| sAmAyika cAritra svalpakAlIna hotA hai, chedopasthApanika cAritra hI jIvana paryanta rahatA hai| prAyazcitta kA sambandha bhI isI cAritra se hai| saMbhavata: isI cAritra ko lakSya meM rakhakara prAyazcitta sUtroM ko chedasUtra kI saMjJA dI gaI ho| malayagiri kI Avazyaka vRtti meM chedasUtroM ke lie pada-vibhAga, samAcArI zabda kA prayoga huA hai| pada-vibhAga aura cheda ye donoM zabda samAna artha ko abhivyakta karate haiN| saMbhavataH isI dRSTi se chedasUtra nAma rakhA gayA ho| kyoMki chedasUtroM meM eka sUtra kA dUsare sUtra se sambandha nahIM hai| sabhI sUtra svataMtra haiN| unakI vyAkhyA bhI cheda-dRSTi se yA vibhAga-dRSTi se kI jAtI hai| dazAzrutaskandha, nizItha, vyavahAra aura bRhatkalpa ye sUtra nauveM pratyAkhyAna pUrva se uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, usase chinna arthAt pRthak karane se unheM chedasUtra kI saMjJA dI gaI ho, yaha bhI sambhava hai| . cheda sUtroM ko uttama zruta mAnA gayA hai| bhASyakAra bhI isa kathana kA samarthana karate haiN| cUNikAra jinadAsa mahattara svayaM yaha prazna upasthita karate haiM ki chedasUtra uttama kyoM hai ? phira svayaM hI usakA samAdhAna dete haiM ki chedasUtra meM prAyazcitta vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai, usase cAritra kI vizuddhi hotI hai, etadartha yaha zruta uttama mAnA gayA hai| zramaNa-jIvana kI sAdhanA 1 (ka) sthAnAMga sUtra 5, uddezaka 2, sUtra 428 (kha) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA01260-1270 2 pada vibhAga, samAcArI chedasUtrANi / -Avazyaka niyukti 665, malayagiri vRtti 3. kataraM suttaM ? dasAukappo kvahAro ya / katarAto uddhRtaM ? ucyate pcckkhaannpuvaao| -dazAtha taskaMSaNi, patra 2 4 nizItha 16 / 17 cheyasuyamuttama suyaM / -nizISabhASya, 6148 cheyasuyaM kamhA uttamasuttaM ? bhaNati-jamhA etyaM sapAyacchitto vidhI maNNati, jamhA e teNaccaraNavizuddha kareti, tamhA taM uttamasuttaM / -nizIyabhASya 6184 kI cUrNi

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 25 kA sarvAGgINa vivecana cheda-sUtroM meM hI upalabdha hotA hai| sAdhaka kI kyA maryAdA hai ? usakA kyA karttavya hai ? ityAdi praznoM para unameM cintana kiyA gayA hai| jIvana meM se asaMyama ke aMza ko kATakara pRthak karanA, sAdhanA meM se doSajanya malinatA ko nikAlakara sApha karanA, bhUloM se bacane ke lie pUrNa sAvadhAna rahanA, bhUla ho jAne para prAyazcitta grahaNa kara usakA parimArjana karanA, yaha saba chedasUtra kA kArya hai / samAcArI zataka meM samayasundara gaNI ne chedasUtroM kI saMkhyA chaH batalAI hai --- (1) dazAzrutaskaMdha, (2) vyavahAra, (3) bRhatkalpa, (4) nizItha, (5) mahAnizItha, (6) jItakalpa / jItakalpa ko chor3akara zeSa pAMca sUtroM ke nAma nandI sUtra meM bhI Aye haiN| jItakalpa jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kI kRti hai, etadarthaM use Agama kI koTi meM sthAna nahIM diyA jA sktaa| mahAnizItha kA jo vartamAna saMskaraNa hai, vaha AcArya haribhadra (vi0 8 vIM zatAbdI) ke dvArA punarudvAra kiyA huA hai| usakA mUla saMskaraNa to usake pUrva hI dImakoM ne udarastha kara liyA thaa| ataH vartamAna meM upalabdha mahAnizItha bhI Agama kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| isa prakAra maulika chedasUtra cAra hI haiM- (1) dazAzrutaskandha, (2) vyavahAra, (3) bRhatkalpa aura ( 4 ) nizItha / zrutapuruSa nandIsUtra kI cUNi meM zrutapuruSa kI eka kamanIya kalpanA kI gaI hai|" puruSa ke zarIra meM jisa prakAra bAraha aMga hote haiM-do paira, do jaMghAeM, do Uru, do gAtrArdha ( udara aura pITha), do bhujAe~, gardana aura sira, usI prakAra zrutapuruSa ke bhI bAraha aMga haiN| * 1 samAcArI zataka, Agama sthApanAdhikAra / 2 kAliyaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM taM jahA dasAokappo, vavahAro, nisIhaM, mahAnisIhaM / -- nanvI sUtra 77 3 incetassa sutapurisassa jaM sutaM aMgabhAgaThitaM taM aMgapaviTTha maNai / - nambIsUtra cUrNi, pR0 47 4 (ka) pAyadugaM jaMghA urU gAyadugaDha tu do ya bAhU yaM / gIvA siraM ca puraSo bArasa aMgo suryAvisiTThI // --mambIsUtra vRtti, 2, 3

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26 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dIyA paira AcArAMga boyA para sUtrakRtAMga dAyIM jaMghA sthAnAMga bAyIM jaMghA samavAyAMga dA~yA Uru bhagavatI bA~yA aru jJAtAdharmakathA udara upAsakadazA pITha antakRtdazA dAyIM bhujA anuttaropapAtika bAMyIM bhujA praznavyAkaraNa grIvA vipAka zira dRSTivAda zrutapuruSa kI kalpanA AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa kI dRSTi se eka atIva sundara kalpanA hai| prAcIna jJAna bhaNDAroM meM zrutapuruSa ke hasta-racita aneka kalpanA-citra milate haiN| dvAdaza upAMgoM kI racanA hone ke pazcAt zrutapuruSa ke pratyeka aMga ke sAtha eka-eka upAMga kI bhI kalpanA kI gaI hai, kyoMki aMgoM meM kahe hue arthoM kA spaSTa bodha karAne vAle upAMga sUtra haiN|' kisa aMga kA upAMga kauna hai, yaha isa prakAra hai :aMga upAMga AcArAMga aupapAtika sUtrakRta rAjapraznIya sthAnAMga jIvAbhigama (kha) iha puruSasya dvAdaza aMgAni bhavanti tadyathA-dvI pAdau, dve jaGgha, dve uruNI, dve gAtrAdhe, do bAhU, grIvA, zirazca, evaM zrutarUpasya api paramapuruSasya AcArAdIni dvAdaza aMgAni krameNa veditavyAni........zrutapuruSasya aMgeSu praviSTam aMgamAvena vyavasthitamityarthaH / yat punaretasyaiva dvAdazAMgAtmakasya zrutapuruSasya vyatirekeNa sthitam aMgabAhyatvena vyavasthitaM tad anaMgapraviSTam / -nandIsUtra malayagiri vRtti, pR0 203 (ga) zrutaM puruSaH mukhacaraNAdyaMgasthAnIyatvAdaMga zabdenocyate / - --mUlArAdhanA 5RE vijayodayA 1 . aMgArthaspaSTabodhavidhAyakAni upAMgAni / ---aupapAtika TIkA

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 27 samavAya prajJApanA bhagavatI jambUdvIpaprajJapti jJAtAdharmakathA sUryaprajJapti upAsakadazA candraprajJapti antakRtadazA nirayAvaliyA-kalpikA anuttaropapAtikadazA kalpAvataMsikA praznavyAkaraNa puSpikA vipAka puSpacUlikA dRSTivAda vRSNidazA zrutapuruSa kI taraha vaidika vAGamaya meM bhI vedapuruSa kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| usake anusAra chanda paira haiM, kalpa hAtha haiM, jyotiSa netra haiM, nirukta zrotra haiM, zikSA nAsikA hai aura vyAkaraNa mukha hai|' ni!haNa Agama jaina AgamoM kI racanAe~ do prakAra se huI haiM-(1) kRta, (2) niryahaNa / jina AgamoM kA nirmANa svataMtra rUpa se huA hai ve Agama kRta kahalAte haiN| jaise gaNadharoM ke dvArA dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI gaI hai aura bhinna-bhinna sthaviroM ke dvArA upAMga sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai, ve saba kRta Agama haiN| niya'haNa Agama ye mAne gaye haiM (1) AcAracUlA (2) dazavakAlika (3) nizItha (4) dazAzrutaskandha (5) bRhatkalpa (6) vyavahAra (7) uttarAdhyayana kA parISaha adhyayana AcAracUlA yaha caturdaza pUrvI bhadrabAhu ke dvArA niryahaNa kI gaI hai, yaha bAta Aja anveSaNA ke dvArA spaSTa ho cukI hai| AcArAMga se AcAra chandaH pAdau tu vedasya, hastau kalpo'tha paThyate / jyotiSAmayanaM cakSuH niruktaM zrautamucyate // zikSA ghrANaM ca vedasya, mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam / tasmAtsAMgamadhItyaiva brahmaloke mahIyate // -pANinIya zikSA 41, 12 Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR0 21-22, paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA -prakAzaka sammati jJAnapITha, AgarA 2

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28 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA calA kI racanA-zailI sarvathA pRthaka hai| usakI racanA AcArAMga ke bAda huI hai| AcArAMga-niyuktikAra ne usako sthavira kRta mAnA hai|' sthavira kA artha cUrNikAra ne gaNadhara kiyA hai aura vRttikAra ne caturdazapUrvI kiyA hai kintu unameM sthavira kA nAma nahIM AyA hai| vijJoM kA abhimata hai ki yahA~ para sthavira zabda kA prayoga caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu ke lie hI huA hai| AcArAMga ke gambhIra artha ko abhivyakta karane ke lie 'AcAracUlA' kA nirmANa huA hai| niyuktikAra ne pA~coM cUlAoM ke ni!haNa sthaloM kA saMketa kiyA hai| dazavakAlika caturdazapUrvI zayyaMbhava ke dvArA vibhinna pUrvo se niSUhaNa kiyA gayA hai / jaise-caturtha adhyayana AtmapravAda pUrva se, paMcama adhyayana karmapravAda pUrva se, saptama adhyayana satyapravAda pUrva se aura zeSa adhyayana pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tRtIya vastu se uddhata kiye gaye haiN|' 1 therehi'NuggahaTThA, sIsahi hou pAga utthe ca / AyArAo attho, AyAraMgesu pavibhatto / -AcArAMga niyukti gA0 287 2 there gaNadharA --AcArAMga cUNi, pR0 326 3 'sthaviraiH' zrutavRddhazcaturdazapUrvavidbhiH / -AcArAMga vRtti 260 4 biiassa ya paMcamae, aTThamagassa biiyaMmi uddese / bhaNio piMDo sijjA, batthaM pAumgaho ceva / / paMcamagassa cautthe iriyA, daNijjaI samAseNaM / chaTThassa ya paMcamae, bhAsajjAyaM viyANAhi // sattikkagANi sattavi, nijjUDhAI mhaaprinnaao| satyaparinlA bhAvaNa, nijjUDhAo dhuyavimuttI / / AyArapakappo puNa, paccakkhANassa tjhyvtthuuo| AyAranAmadhijjA, bIsaimA pAhuDaccheyA // -AcArAMga niyukti gA0288-261 5 AyappavAya puvvA nijjUDhA hoi dhmmpnnttii| kammappavAya puvvA piMDassa u esaNA tividhA / / saccappavAya puvvA nijjUDhA hoi vakka suddhIu / avasesA nijjUDhA navamassa u taiyavatyUo // -vazavakAlika niyukti gA0 16-17

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 26 dvitIya abhimatAnusAra dazavaikAlika gaNipiTaka dvAdazAMgI se uddhRta hai / " nizItha kA niryUhaNa pratyAkhyAna nAmaka nauveM ! se huA hai| pratyAkhyAna pUrva ke bIsa vastu arthAt arthAdhikAra haiN| tRtIya vastu kA nAma AcAra hai| usake bhI bIsa prAbhRtaccheda arthAt upavibhAga haiN| bIsaveM prAbhRtaccheda se nizItha kA niryUhaNa kiyA gayA hai / " paMcakalpacUrNi ke anusAra nizItha ke niryUhaka bhadrabAhu svAmI haiM / 3 isa mata kA samarthana Agama prabhAvaka munizrI puNyavijayajI ne bhI kiyA hai / 4 dazAzrutaskaMdha bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra, ye tInoM Agama caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu svAmI ke dvArA pratyAkhyAna pUrva se niryUr3ha haiM / * dazAgaria kI niyukti ke mantavyAnusAra vartamAna meM upalabdha dazAgtaskaMdha aMgapraviSTa AgamoM meM jo dazAe~ prApta haiM unase laghu haiM / inakA niryUhaNa ziSyoM ke anugrahArthaM sthaviroM ne kiyA thaa| cUrNi ke anu sAra sthavira kA nAma bhadrabAhu hai / 7 1 bIoosvi a Aeso, gaNipiGagAo duvAlasaMgAo / eaM kira NijjUDhaM maNagassa aNuggahaTTAe || dAvekAlika niyuMki gA0 10 2 pisIhaM NavamA pugdA paccakkhANassa tatiyavatthUo / AyAra nAmavejjA, vIsatimA pAhuDacchedA // vizoSa bhASya 6500 3 teNa bhagavatA AyArapakaSpa-dasA- kappa-vavahArA ya navamapubvanIsaMdabhUtA nijjUDhA - paMcakalpa Ni, patra 1 (likhita) 4 5 bRhatkalpa sUtra, bhAga 6, prastAvanA pR0 3 (ka) vaMdAmi bhavAhu, pAINaM cariya sayala suyanANi suttassa kAragamisaM (paM) dasAsukappe ya vavahAre / -- vazA taskandha niryukti gAthA 1, patra 1 (kha) tattoccaya NijjUDhaM aNummaTThAe saMpayajatINaM so suttakAra to khalu sa bhavati aircravahAre / -paMcakalpa bhAvya gA0 11 6 harIo u imAo ajjhayaNesu mahaIo aMgesu / khasu nAyAdIesu vatyavibhUsAvasANamiva || DaharIo u imAo, nijjUDhAo aNuggahaTTAe / therehi tu dasAo, jo dasA jANao jIvo // 7 dazAgtaskandha cUrNi / ---vazAdha taskandha niyukti 5226

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30 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA uttarAdhyayana kA dUsarA adhyayana bhI aMga prabhava mAnA jAtA hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ke matAnusAra vaha karmapravAda pUrva ke satrahaveM prAbhUta se uddhRta hai| inake atirikta Agametara sAhitya meM vizeSataH karma sAhitya kA bahuta sA bhAga pUrvoddhRta mAnA jAtA hai| niryahaNa kRtiyoM ke sambandha meM yaha spaSTIkaraNa karanA Avazyaka hai ki usake artha ke prarUpaka tIrthaMkara haiM, sUtra ke racayitA gaNadhara haiM aura jo saMkSepa meM usakA vartamAna rUpa upalabdha hai usake kartA vahI haiM jina para jinakA nAma aMkita yA prasiddha hai| jaise dazavakAlika ke zayyaMbhava; kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha aura dazAzrutaskandha ke racayitA bhadrabAhu haiN| jaina aMga-sAhitya kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara sabhI ekamata haiN| sabhI aMgoM ko bAraha svIkAra karate haiN| parantu aMgabAhya AgamoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM yaha bAta nahIM hai, usameM vibhinna mata haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki AgamoM kI saMkhyA kitane hI 84 mAnate haiM, koI-koI 45 mAnate haiM aura kitane hI 32 mAnate haiN| nandIsUtra meM AgamoM kI jo sUcI dI gaI hai, ve sabhI Agama vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka samAja mUla AgamoM ke sAtha kucha niyuktiyoM ko milAkara 45 Agama mAnatA hai aura koI 84 mAnate haiN| sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparA battIsa ko hI pramANabhUta mAnatI hai| digambara samAja kI mAnyatA hai ki sabhI Agama vicchinna ho gaye haiN| 45 AgamoM ke nAma aMga upAMga chaha mUla sUtra AcAra aupapAtika Avazyaka rAjapraznIya dazavaikAlika sthAna jIvAbhigama uttarAdhyayana sUtrakRta kammappavAya pubve sattarase pAhuDaMmi jaM suttaM / saNayaM sodAharaNaM taM ceva ihapi NAyavvaM // --uttarAdhyayana niyukti gA066 2 (ka) tattvArtha sUtra 1/20, zrutasAgarIya vRtti / (kha) SaTkhaMDAgama (dhavalA TIkA) khaNDa 1, pR0 6, bAraha aMgagijmA

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 31 samavAya prajJApanA * nandI bhagavatI jaMbudvIpaprajJapti anuyogadvAra jJAtAdharmakathA sUryaprajJapti piNDaniyuktiupAsakadazA candraprajJapti oghaniyukti antakRtdazA nirayAvaliyA anuttaropapAtikadazA kalpAvataMsikA yaha chevasUtra puSpikA nizItha praznavyAkaraNa mahAnizItha vipAka puSpacUlikA bRhatkalpa vyavahAra vRSNidazA dazAzrutaskandha paMcakalpa 10 basa pAinnA. (1) AturapratyAkhyAna (2) bhaktaparijJA (3) tandulavaicArika (4) candravedhyaka (5) devendrastava (6) gaNi-vidyA (7) mahApratyAkhyAna (8) catu:zaraNa (8) vIrastava (10) saMstAraka . 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 6 mUlasUtra, 6 chedasUtra aura 10 painnA isa prakAra kula 45 Agama hue| 84 AgamoM ke nAma 1 se 45 taka pUrvokta (46) kalpasUtra (47) yati-jIta-kalpa-somaprabhasUri (48) zraddhA-jIta-kalpa-dharmaghoSasUri (49) pAkSika sUtra / (50) kSamApanA-sUtra Avazyaka sUtra ke aMga haiM

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32 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (51) baMdittu (52) RSibhASita (53) ajIva-kalpa (54) gacchAcAra (55) maraNasamAdhi (56) siddhaprAbhRta (57) tIrthodgAra (58) ArAdhanApatAkA (56) dvIpa-sAgara-prajJapti (60) jyotiSa-karaNDaka (61) aMga-vidyA (62) tithi-prakIrNaka (63) piNDa-vizuddhi (64) sArAvalI (65) paryantArAdhanA (66) jIva vibhakti (67) kavaca-prakaraNa (68) yoni-prAbhRta (66) aMga-cUliyA (70) baMga-cUliyA (71) vRddha catu:zaraNa (72) jambU-payannA (73) Avazyaka-niyukti (74) dazavaikAlika-niyukti (75) uttarAdhyayana-niyukti (76) AcArAMga-niyukti / (77) sUtrakRtAMga-niyukti (78) sUryaprajJapti (76) bRhatkalpa-niyukti ... (80) vyavahAra-niyukti (81) dazAzrutaskandha-niyukti usa

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 33 (82) RSibhASita-niyukti (83) saMsakta-niyukti (84) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - - - battIsa Agama aMga . AcAra sugndhur sthAna samavAya bhagavatI jJAtAdharmakathA upAsakadazA antakRtadazA anuttaropapAtikadazA : praznavyAkaraNa vipAka upAMga aupapAtika rAjapraznIya . jIvAbhigama prajJApanA jambUdvIpaprajJapti candraprajJapti sUryaprajJapti nirayAvalikA kalpAvataMsikA puSpikA puSpa-cUlikA vRSNidazA chebasUtra mUlasUtra dazabaikAlika nizItha uttarAdhyayana anuyogadvAra bRhatkalpa . .. nandIsUtra dazAzrutaskandha ..... Avazyaka sUtra jaina AgamoM kI bhASA . jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI hai, jise sAmAnyataH prAkRta 1 vizeSa carcA ke lie dekhie-pro0 kApaDiyA kA 'e hisTrI oNpha dI kenonikala liTarecara oNpha jainsa, prakaraNa 2 // 2 porANamaddhamAgaha bhAsAniyayaM havai suttaM / --nizIyavRNi

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34 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bhI kahA jAtA hai / samavAyAMga' aura aupapAtika sUtra ke abhimatAnusAra sabhI tIrthakara ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hI upadeza dete haiM, kyoMki cAritra dharma kI ArAdhanA va sAdhanA karane vAle mandabuddhi strI-puruSoM para anugraha karake sarvajJa bhagavAna siddhAnta kI prarUpaNA janasAmAnya ke lie subodha prAkRta meM karate haiN| yaha devavANI hai| deva isI bhASA meM bolate haiM / isa bhASA meM bolane vAle ko bhASArya bhI kahA gayA hai| jinadAsagaNI mahattara ardhamAgadhI kA artha do prakAra se karate haiN| prathama yaha ki, yaha bhASA magadha ke eka bhAga meM bolI jAne ke kAraNa ardhamAgadhI kahI jAtI hai| dUsare, isa bhASA meM aThAraha dezI bhASAoM kA sammizraNa huA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to mAgadhI aura dezaja zabdoM kA isa bhASA meM mizraNa hone se yaha ardhamAgadhI kahalAtI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya magadha, mithilA, kozala Adi aneka pradeza, varga evaM jAti ke the| batAyA jA cukA hai ki jainAgama jJAna kA akSaya koSa hai| usakA vicAra gAMbhIrya mahAsAgara se bhI adhika hai| usameM eka se eka divya asaMkhya maNimuktAe~ chipI par3I haiN| usameM kevala adhyAtma aura vairAgya ke hI upadeza nahIM haiM kintu dharma, darzana, nIti, saMskRti, sabhyatA, bhUgola, khagola, gaNita, AtmA, karma, lezyA, itihAsa, saMgIta, Ayurveda, nATaka Adi jIvana ke hara pahalU ko chUne vAle vicAra yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiN| unheM pAne ke lie 1 bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhmmmaaikkhi| -samavAyAMga sUtra, pR060 2 taeNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kUNiassa ramNo mibhisAra puttassa addhamAgahIe bhAsAe bhAsai..."sAviya NaM addhamAgahI bhAsA tesi sabvesi appaNo samAsAe parimANeNaM pariNamaha / -aupapAtika sUtra bAla-strI-mandamUrkhANAM nRNAM cAritrakAMkSiNAm / anugrahArya sarvajaH siddhAntaH prAkRte kRtaH / / -vazavakAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti / 4 goymaa| devANaM addhamAgahIe mAsAe bhAsaMti, sAviya NaM addhamAgahI bhAsA mAsijjamANI visissai / -bhagavatI sUtra 24-20 5 bhAsAriyA je NaM addhamAgahIe mAsAe mAseMti / -prajJApanAsUtra 1162, pR056 6 magaddhavisaya bhAsANibaddha addhamAgaha, aTThArasa desI bhAsANimayaM vA addhamAgahaM / -nizIthacUrNi

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana adhika gaharI DubakI lagAne kI AvazyakatA hai| kevala kinAre-kinAre ghUmane se usa amUlya ratnarAzi ke darzana nahIM ho sakate / Rs5 AcArAMga aura dazavaikAlika meM zramaNa jIvana se sambandhita AcAravicAra kA gaMbhIratA se cintana kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga, anuyogadvAra, prajJApanA, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga Adi meM dArzanika viSayoM kA gaharAI se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra jIvana aura jagat kA vizleSaNa karane vAlA apUrva grantha hai / upAsakadazAMga meM zrAvaka sAdhanA kA sundara nirUpaNa hai / antakRta dazAMga aura anuttaropapAtika meM una mahAna AtmAoM ke tapa japa kA varNana hai, jinhoMne kaThora sAdhanA se apane jIvana ko tapAyA thaa| praznavyAkaraNa meM Asrava aura saMvara kA sajIva citraNa hai| vipAka meM puNya-pApa ke phala kA varNana hai / uttarAdhyayana meM adhyAtma cintana kA svara mukharita hai| rAjapraznIya meM tarka ke dvArA AtmA kI saMsiddhi kI gaI hai / isa prakAra AgamoM meM sarvatra preraNAprada, jIvanasparzI, adhyAtma rasa se susnigdha sarasa vicAroM kA pravAha pravAhita ho rahA hai| Agama vAcanAe~ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt Agama-saMkalana hetu pA~ca vAcanAe~ huI haiM / prathama vAcanA - vIra nirvANa kI dvitIya zatAbdI ( vIra nirvANa ke 160 varSa pazcAt ) meM pATaliputra meM dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa duSkAla par3A jisake kAraNa zramaNa saMgha chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| aneka bahuzrutaghara zramaNa krUra kAla ke gAla meM samA gaye / anya aneka vighnabAdhAoM ne bhI yathAvasthita sUtra parAvartana meM bAdhAe~ upasthita kIM / Agama jJAna kI kar3iyA~ lar3iyA~ fafe ho giiN| durbhikSa samApta hone para viziSTa AcArya, jo usa samaya vidyamAna the, pATaliputra meM ekatrita hue / ' gyAraha aMgoM kA vyavasthita 1 jAo a tammi samae TukkAlo doya-dasaya varisANi / samvo sA-samUho gao tao jalahitIre // taduvarame so puNaravi pADaliputte samAgao vihiyA / saMgheNa suyavisayA ciMtA ki kassa jaM jassa Asi pAse uddessajjhayaNamAi taM savvaM ekkArayaM aMgAI taheva atyeti || saMghaDiuM / ThaviyAI // - AcArya haribhadrakRta upadeza-pava /

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36 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA saMkalana kiyA gyaa| bArahaveM dRSTivAda ke eka mAtra jJAtA bhadrabAhu svAmI usa samaya nepAla meM mahAprANa-dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| saMgha kI prArthanA se unhoMne bArahaveM aMga kI vAcanA dene kI svIkRti dii| muni sthUlabhadra ne dasa pUrva taka arthasahita vAcanA grahaNa kI / gyArahaveM pUrva kI vAcanA cala rahI thI, tabhI sthUlabhadra muni ne siMha kA rUpa banAkara bahinoM ko camatkAra dikhalAyA' jisake kAraNa bhadrabAhu ne Age vAcanA denA banda kara diyaa| tatpazcAt saMgha evaM sthUlabhadra ke atyadhika anunaya-vinaya karane para bhadrabAhu ne mUla rUpa se antima cAra pUrvo kI vAcanA dI, artha kI dRSTi se nhiiN| zAbdika dRSTi se sthUlabhadra caudahapUrvI hue, kintu artha kI dRSTi se dasapUrvI hI rhe| dvitIya vAcanA-Agama saMkalana kA dvitIya prayAsa IsvI pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke madhya meM huaa| samrAT khAravela jainadharma ke parama upAsaka the| unake suprasiddha 'hAthI guphA' abhilekha se yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki unhoMne ur3IsA ke kumArI parvata para jaina muniyoM kA eka saMgha bulAyA aura mauryakAla meM jo aMga vismRta ho gaye the, unakA punaH uddhAra karAyA thaa| 'himavaMta therAvalI' nAmaka saMskRta prAkRta mizrita paTTAvalI meM bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki mahArAjA khAravela ne pravacana kA uddhAra karAyA thaa| tRtIya vAcanA-AgamoM ko saMkalita karane kA tIsarA prayAsa vIra nirvANa 827 se 840 ke madhya meM huaa| . usa samaya dvAdazavarSIya bhayaMkara duSkAla se zramaNoM ko bhikSA milanA kaThinatara ho gayA thaa| zramaNasaMgha kI sthiti atyanta gambhIra ho gii| vizuddha AhAra kI anveSaNA-gaveSaNA ke lie yuvaka muni dUra-dUra dezoM kI ora cala pdd'e| aneka vRddha evaM bahuzruta muni AhAra ke abhAva se Ayu pUrNa kara gaye / kSudhAparISaha se saMtrasta muni adhyayana, adhyApana, dhAraNa aura 1 teNa citiyaM magaNINaM iDDhi darisemi tti sIharUvaM viubbi| -Avazyaka vRtti, pR0 668 2 (ka) titthogAlIya paiNNaya 742 / (kha) Avazyaka cUrNi, pR0 187 / (ga) pariziSTa parva, sarga 6, AcArya hemacandra / 3 jarnala Apha dI bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI, bhA0 13, pR0 336 / 4 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 82 /

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 37 pratyAvartana kaise karate ? sabhI kArya avaruddha ho gye| zanaiH-zanaiH zruta kA hrAsa hone lgaa| atizAyI zruta naSTa huaa| aMga aura upAMga sAhitya kA bhI artha kI dRSTi se bahuta bar3A bhAga naSTa ho gyaa| durbhikSa kI parisamApti para zramaNa saMgha mathurA meM skandilAcArya ke netRtva meM ekatrita huaa| jinajina zramaNoM ko jitanA-jitanA aMza smaraNa thA usakA anusandhAna kara kAlika zrRta aura pUrvagata zruta ke kucha aMza kA saMkalana huaa| yaha vAcanA mathurA meM sampanna hone ke kAraNa 'mAdhurI' vAcanA ke rUpa meM vizruta huii| usa saMkalana zruta ke artha kI anuziSTi AcArya skaMdila ne dI thI ataH usa anuyoga ko 'skandilI' vAcanA bhI kahA jAne lgaa|' nandIsUtra kI cUNi aura vRtti ke anusAra mAnA jAtA hai ki durbhikSa ke kAraNa kiJcitmAtra bhI zrutajJAna to vinaSTa nahIM huA, kintu kevala AcArya skandila ko chor3akara zeSa anuyogadhara muni svargavAsI ho cuke the| etadartha AcArya skandila ne puna: anuyoga kA pravartana kiyA, jisase prastuta vAcanA ko mAthurI vAcanA kahA gayA aura sampUrNa anuyoga skandila sambandhI mAnA gyaa| caturtha vAcanA-jisa samaya uttara, pUrva aura madhya bhArata meM vicaraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kA sammelana mathurA meM huA thA, usI samaya dakSiNa aura pazcima meM vicaraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kI eka vAcanA (vIra nirvANa saM0527-840) vallabhI (saurASTra) meM AcArya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM huii| kintu vahA~ para jo zramaNa ekatrita hue the, unheM bahuta kucha zruta vismRta ho cukA thaa| jo kucha unake smaraNa meM thA, use hI saMkalita kiyA gyaa| yaha vAcanA 'vallabhI vAcanA' yA 'nAgArjunIya vAcanA' ke nAma se abhihita hai| 1 Avazyaka cUrNi 2 (ka) nandI cUNi, pR08 (kha) nandI gAthA 33, malayagiri vRtti, pR0 51 3 (ka) kaahaablii| (kha) jina vacanaM ca duSSamAkAlavazAt ucchinnaprAyamitimatvA bhagavadbhirnAgArjuna skandilAcArya prabhRtibhiH pustakeSu nyastam / -yogazAstra, pra03, pR0 207

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38 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA - paJcama vAcanA-bIra nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI (820 yA 663 I0 san 454-466) meM devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM punaH zramaNasaMgha ballabhI meM ekatrita huaa| devaddhigaNI 11 aMga aura 1 pUrva se bhI adhika zruta ke jJAtA the| smRti kI durbalatA, parAvartana kI nyUnatA, dhRti kA hrAsa aura paramparA kI vyavacchitti ityAdi aneka kAraNoM se zruta sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga naSTa ho gayA thaa| vismRta zruta ko saMkalita va saMgrahIta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| devaddhigaNI ne apanI prakhara pratibhA se usako saMkalita kara pustakArUr3ha kiyaa| pahale jo mAthUrI aura vallabhI vAcanAe~ haI thIM, una donoM vAcanAoM kA samanvaya kara unameM ekarUpatA lAne kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| jina sthaloM para matabheda kI adhikatA rahI, vahA~ mAthurI vAcanA ko mUla meM sthAna dekara vallabhI vAcanA ke pAThoM ko pAThAntara meM sthAna diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki AgamoM ke vyAkhyA granthoM meM yatra-tatra 'nAgArjunIyAstu paThanti' isa prakAra kA nirdeza milatA hai| AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha karate samaya devaddhigaNI ne kucha mukhya bAteM dhyAna meM rkhiiN| AgamoM meM jahA~-jahA~ samAna pATha Aye haiM, unakI vahA~ punarAvRtti na karate hue unake lie vizeSa grantha yA sthala kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai jaise 'jahA uvavAie' 'jahA pnnnnvnnaae'| eka hI Agama meM eka bAta aneka bAra Ane para 'jAva' zabda kA prayoga kara usakA antima zabda sUcita kara diyA hai jaise 'NAgakumArA jAva viharaMti' 'teNaM kAleNaM jAva parisA jiggyaa| isake atirikta bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt kI kucha mukhya-mukhya ghaTanAoM ko bhI AgamoM meM sthAna diyaa| yaha vAcanA vallabhI meM hone ke kAraNa 'vallabhI vAcanA' kahI gii| isake pazcAt AgamoM kI phira koI sarvamAnya vAcanA nahIM huii| vIra nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt pUrvajJAna kI paramparA vicchinna ho gyii| Agama-viccheda kA krama zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra vIra nirvANa 170 varSa ke pazcAt bhadrabAhu svargastha he| artha kI dRSTi se antima cAra pUrva unake sAtha hI naSTa ho 1 valahipurammi nayare devaDhipamuheNa samaNasaMdheNa / - putthaI Agamu lihio navasayaasIAo viiraao||

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 36 gaye / digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa ke 162 varSa pazcAt huA thaa| vIra nirvANa saM0 216 meM sthUlabhadra svargastha he| ve zAbdI dRSTi se antima cAra pUrva ke jJAtA the / ve cAra pUrva bhI unake sAtha hI naSTa ho gye| Arya vavasvAmI taka dasa pUrvo kI paramparA clii| ve vIra nirvANa 551 (vi0 saM081) meM svarga pdhaare| usa samaya dasavA~ pUrva naSTa ho gyaa| durbalikA puSyamitra / pUrvo ke jJAtA the| unakA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa 604 (vi0 saM0 134) meM huaa| unake sAtha hI navA pUrva bhI vicchinna ho gyaa| isa prakAra pUrvI kA viccheda-krama devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa taka calatA rahA / svayaM devaddhigaNI eka pUrva se adhika zruta ke jJAtA the| Agama sAhitya kA bahuta-sA bhAga lupta hone para bhI AgamoM kA kucha maulika bhAga Aja bhI surakSita hai| kintu digambara paramparA kI yaha dhAraNA nahIM hai| zvetAmbara samAja mAnatA hai ki Agama-saMkalana ke samaya usake maulika rUpa meM kucha antara avazya hI AyA hai| uttaravartI ghaTanAoM evaM vicAraNAoM kA usameM samAveza kiyA gayA hai, jisakA spaSTa pramANa sthAnAMga meM sAta nihnavoM aura nava gaNoM kA ullekha hai| vartamAna meM praznavyAkaraNa kA maulika viSayavarNana bhI upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi aMga sAhitya kA atyadhika aMza maulika hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI ye Agama prAcIna siddha ho cuke haiN| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI bhASA ko bhASA-zAstrI paccIsa sau varSa pUrva kI mAnate haiN| prazna ho sakatA hai ki vaidika vAGamaya kI taraha jaina Agama sAhitya pUrNarUpa se upalabdha kyoM nahIM hai? vaha vicchinna kyoM ho gayA? isakA mUla kAraNa hai devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke pUrva Agama sAhitya vyavasthita rUpa se likhA nahIM gyaa| devaddhigaNI ke pUrva jo Agama vAcanAe~ haI, unameM AgamoM kA lekhana huA ho, aisA spaSTa pramANa nahIM miltaa| vaha zrutirUpa meM hI calatA rhaa| pratibhAsampanna yogya ziSya ke abhAva meM guru ne vaha jJAna ziSya ko nahIM batAyA jisake kAraNa zruta-sAhitya dhIredhIre vismRta hotA gyaa| lekhana paramparA Agama va Agametara sAhitya ke anusAra lipi kA prArambha prAgaaiti

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4. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hAsika kAla meM ho cukA thaa| prajJApanAsUtra meM aThAraha lipiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavRti aura triSaSThi zalAkA puruSa caritra prabhRti granthoM se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apanI jyeSTha putrI brAhmI ko aThAraha lipiyAM sikhalAI thIM / isI kAraNa lipi kA nAma brAhmI lipi pdd'aa| bhagavatI Adi AgamoM meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM 'namo baMbhIe livIe" kahA gayA hai| bhagavAn RSabha ne apane bar3e putra bharata ko 72 kalAeM sikhalAI thIM; jinameM lekhana kalA kA prathama sthAna hai| jambUdvIpa prajJapti ke anusAra cakravartI bharata ne kAkiNI ratna se apanA nAma RSabhakUTa parvata para likhA thaa| bhagavAna RSabha ne asi, maSi aura kRSi ye tIna prakAra ke vyApAra claaye| isa taraha lipi, lekhana-kalA aura maSi ye tIna zabda lekhana kI paramparA ko karmayuga ke AdikAla meM le jAte haiM / nandIsUtra meM akSarazruta ke jo tIna prakAra ke batalAe haiM unameM prathama saMjJAkSara hai| jisakA artha hai akSara kI AkRti vizeSa-a, A aadi|' 1 (ka) jambUdvIpaprajJapti vRtti / , (kha) zrI kalpasUtra, sU0 165 prajJApanAsUtra pada 1 / (ka) vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavRtti 132 / (kha) lehaM livIvihANaM jiNeNa baMbhIe dAhiNa kareNaM / -Avazyaka niyukti gA0 212 (ga) aSTAdaza lipirbAhyA apasavyena paatthinaa| -triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra 121963 (gha) baMbhIe dAhiNahatyeNa leho daaito| -Avazyaka cUNi pRSTha 156 (Ga) Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja : pR0301-303 le0 DAkTara jagadIzacandra jaina RSabhadeva ne hI saMbhavataH lipi-vidyA ke lie lipi kauzala kA udbhAvana kiyaa| RSabhadeva ne hI saMbhavataH brahma vidyA kI zikSA ke lie upayogI brAhmI lipi kA pracAra kiyA thaa| -hindI vizvakoSa, zrI nagendranAtha basu pra0 bhA0pR064 / 5. bhagavatI sUtra-maMgalAcaraNa / 6... vAsaptati kalA kalAkANDaM, bharataM so'dhyajIgapat / brahma jyeSThAya putrAya brUyAditi nayAdi va // -triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra 122660 7 jambUdvIpa0 vRtti, 8 mandIsUtra 38 /

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jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 41 yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki prAg- aitihAsika kAla meM likhane kI sAmagrI kisa prakAra kI thii| 'pustakaratna' kA varNana karate hue rAjapraznIya sUtra meM kambikA (kAmI), morA, gAMTha, lipyAsana ( maSipAtra ), chaMdana ( Dhakkana ), sAMkalI, maSi aura lekhanI-ina lekhana upakaraNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanA meM 'potthAra' zabda AtA hai jisakA artha hai lipikAra' / isI Agama meM pustaka lekhana ko Aryazilpa kahA hai aura ardhamAgadhI bhASA evaM brAhmI lipi kA prayoga karane vAle lekhaka ko bhASA Arya meM samAviSTa kiyA hai / sthAnAMga meM pA~ca prakAra kI pustakoM kA ullekha hai - ( 1 ) gaNDI, (2) kacchavI, (2) muSTi, (4) saMpuTa phalaka, (5) supATikA / dazavekAlika vRtti meM prAcIna AcAryoM ke mantavyoM kA ullekha karate hue ina pustakoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| nizItha cUrNi meM inakA varNana hai| TIkAkAra ne pustaka kA artha tADapatra, saMpuTa kA patra saMcaya aura karma kA artha maSi evaM lekhanI kiyA hai evaM potthArA yA potthakAra zabda kA artha pustaka ke dvArA AjIvikA calAne vAlA kiyA hai| Agama - sAhitya ke atirikta bauddha aura vaidika vAGmaya meM bhI lekhana kalA kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai / itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai / sikandara ke senApati niArksa ne apanI bhArata yAtrA ke saMsmaraNoM meM likhA hai ki 'bhAratavAsI loga kAgaja banAte the'| IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI meM likhane ke lie tADapatra aura caturtha zatAbdI meM bhojapatra kA upayoga kiyA 1 prajJApanAsUtra pada 1 2 " 11 37 3 (ka) sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 5 / (kha) bRhatkalpamAdhya 3, 3822 / (ga) vistRta vivecana hetu dekhie jainacitrakalpadruma - zrI puNyavijayajI mahArAja dvArA sampAdita / (gha) AuTalAinsa Apha pailiyogrAphI, jarnala Apha yUnivarsiTI Apha bombe, jilda 6, mA0 6, pR0 87 eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA tathA ojhA, vahI, pR0 4-56 4 dazavaikAlika, hAribhadrIyAvRtti, patra 25 5 nizIthacUNi u0 12 / 6 rAisa DaiviDsa buddhisTa iNDiyA, pR0 108 / bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pU0 2 / 67

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42 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jAtA thaa| vartamAna meM IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM likhe hue panne bhI upalabdha hote haiM / isa vivecana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki lekhana kalA kA pracAra bhArata meM prAcInakAla se thA kintu isa bAta se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki Agama sAhitya ko likhane kI paramparA nahIM thI / AgamoM ko kaNThAgra kiyA jAtA thaa| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM hI paramparAoM meM yahI silasilA thaa| etadarthaM hI tInoM paramparAoM meM kramazaH zruta, suttaM aura zruti zabda kA prayoga Agama ke lie hotA rahA hai| vaidika paramparA meM to AcaraNa sambandhI granthoM ke lie 'smRti' zabda isa bAta kA spaSTa pratIka hai ki ve kaNThAgra hI kie jAte the arthAt lipi kA jJAna hote hue bhI pracIna bhArata meM likhane kI paramparA nahIM thI / Agama lekhana yuga jaina dRSTi se caudaha pUrvo kA lekhana kabhI huA hI nhiiN| unake lekhana ke lie kitanI syAhI apekSita hai isakI kalpanA avazya hI kI gaI hai| vIra nirvANa saMvat 827 se 840 meM jo mathurA aura vallabhI meM sammelana hue, usa samaya ekAdaza aMgoM ko vyavasthita kiyA gyaa| usa samaya AryarakSita ne anuyogadvAra sUtra kI racanA kii| usameM dravyazruta ke lie pattaya potyayalihiaM" zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isake pUrva Agama likhane kA pramANa prApta nahIM hai| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parinirvANa kI svIM zatAbdI ke anta meM AgamoM ke lekhana kI paramparA calI, parantu AgamoM ko lipibaddha karane kA spaSTa saMketa devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke samaya se milatA hai| AgamoM ko lipibaddha kara lene para bhI eka mAnyatA yaha rahI ki zramaNa apane hAtha se pustaka likha nahIM sakate aura na apane sAtha rakha hI sakate haiM, kyoMki aisA karane meM nimna doSa lagane kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai--(1) akSara Adi likhane se kunthu Adi trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai etadartha 1 bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pR0 2 / 2 vahI, pR0 2 / 3 anuyogadvAra, zruta adhikAra 37 /

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- jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 43 pustaka likhanA saMyama-virAdhanA kA kAraNa hai / (2) pustakoM ko eka grAma se dUsare grAma le jAte samaya kandhe chila jAte haiM, vraNa ho jAte haiN| (3) unake chidroM kI samyaka prakAra se pratilekhanA nahIM ho sktii| (4) mArga meM vajana bar3ha jAtA hai| (5) kunthu Adi sa jIvoM kA Azraya hone se adhikaraNa haiM yA cora Adi ke curAye jAne para adhikaraNa ho jAte haiN| (6) tIrthaMkaroM ne pustaka nAmaka upAdhi rakhane kI anumati nahIM dI hai| (7) pustakeM pAsa meM hone se svAdhyAya meM pramAda hotA hai| ataH sAdhu jitanI bAra pustakoM ko bAMdhate haiM, kholate haiM aura akSara likhate haiM, unheM utane hI caturladhukoM kA prAyazcitta AtA hai aura AjJA Adi doSa lagate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki lekhanakalA kA parijJAna hone para bhI AgamoM kA lekhana nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| sAdhu ke lie svAdhyAya aura dhyAna kA vidhAna milatA hai, para kahIM para bhI likhane kA vidhAna prApta nahIM hotaa| dhyAna koSThopagata, svAdhyAya aura dhyAnarakta padoM kI taraha 'lekharakta' zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| parantu pUrvAcAryoM ne AgamoM kA viccheda na ho jAya etadartha lekhana kA aura pustaka rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA aura Agama likhe / jainAgamoM kA Alekhana yadi isI zatAbdI meM prAraMbha haA to vaidika grantha bhI gupta kAla meM hI lipibaddha hue the| bhAratIya saMskRti ke vibhinna 1 (ka) saMgha saM apahilehA, mAro ahikaraNameva avidillaM saMkAmaNa palimaMtho, pamAe parikammaNa lihaNA / -147 bRhatkalpa niyukti u0 73 (kha) potyaesu gheppaMtaesu asaMjamo bhava / -vazava0 cUrNi, pR0 21 (ga) nanu-pUrva pustakanirapekSava siddhAntAdivAcanA'bhUt, sAmprataM pustaka-saMgrahaH kriyate sAdhubhistat kathaM saMpatimaMgati ? ucyate pustaka-grahaNaM tu kAraNika natvosargikam / anyathA tu pustaka grahaNe bhUyAMso doSAH pratipAditAH santi / -vizeSa zataka 36 2 (ka) jattiyamettA vArA u muMcaI-baMdhaI va jati vArA jati akkharANi lihati va tati lahaMgA jaMca avjje| bahatkalpabhASya u03, gA0 3831 (kha) nizItha bhASya, u0 12, mA0 4008 / (ga) yAvato vArAn tatpustakaM badhnAti, muMcati vA akSarANi vA likhati tAvanti caturladhUni AjJAdayazca dossaaH| -bRhatkalpa niyukti, 3 u0| 3 mANakoTThovagae, sajjhAyajjhANarayassa -bhagavatI 4 kAlaM puNa paDucca caraNakaraNaTThA avocchi tti nimittaM ca geNhamANassa potthae saMjamo bhv| -vazavakAlika cUrNi, pR0 21

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA itihAsajJoM tathA zizira kumAra mitra ne apanI Vision of India nAmaka pustaka meM spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai ki 'prAcIna grantha gupta sAmrAjya meM aura vizeSakara candragupta dvitIya ke zAsana kAla meM likhe gaye haiN| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, smRti Adi granthoM kI racanA isI kAla meM huii|' isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya kA lekhana-kAla gupta sAmrAjya taka khiMca AtA hai| sacAI yaha hai ki IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI bhAratIya vAG maya ke lipikaraNa kA mahattvapUrNa samaya rahA hai / 44 ukta anuzIlana se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina Agama sAhitya apanI prAcInatA, upayogitA aura samRddhatA ke kAraNa atyanta mahatvapUrNa rahA hai / aMga sAhitya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI apane bahuta kucha aMzoM meM jyoM kI tyoM aba bhI prApta hotI hai / isa vANI ko tor3A maror3A nahIM gayA / yaha jaina paramparA kI vizeSatA rahI ki aMgoM ko lipibaddha karane vAle zramaNoM ne mUla zabdoM meM kucha bhI herA-pherI nahIM kI, jaisA ki anya paramparAoM meM huA hai / aMga evaM Agama sAhitya para TIkAoM, cUNiyoM Adi kI racanA huI kintu Agama kA mUla rUpa jyoM kA tyoM rhaa| sAtha hI afroft kSamAzramaNa kI yaha udAratA rahI ki jahA~ unheM pAThAntara mile vahIM donoM vicAroM ko hI taTasthatApUrvaka lipibaddha kiyA / AgamoM kA vistRta svarUpa agale adhyAyoM meM prastuta hai / hama sarvaprathama aMga sAhitya kA paricaya dekara sthAnakavAsI va terApaMthI paramparA mAnya aGgabAhya Agama sAhitya kA paricaya deMge aura usake pazcAt taarmbara mUrtipUjaka mAnya anya aMgabAhya AgamoM kA paricaya dekara Agama ke vyAkhyA sAhitya para cintana kreNge| usake pazcAt digambara paramparA mAnya Agama sAhitya kA paricaya dekara Agama sAhitya kA bauddha va vaidika paramparA ke granthoM ke sAtha saMkSepa meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kareMge jisase prabuddha pAThakoM ko Agama sAhitya ke mahatva kA parijJAna ho sake /

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dvitIya khaNDa aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana

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AcArAMga D sUtrakRtAMga 0 sthAnAMga D samavAyoga vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatI) 5 jJAtAdharmakathA [ upAsakavazA antakRtvazA [ anuttaropapAtikadazA praznavyAkaraNa vipAka D dRSTivAda

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1. AcArAMga sUtra AcArAMga kA mahattva AcArAMga meM AcAra kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ataH use saba aMgoM kA sAra mAnA gayA hai| niyuktikAra ne svayaM jijJAsA prastuta kI'aMgoM kA sAra kyA hai ?' samAdhAna karate hue kahA-'aMgoM kA sAra AcAra hai ?' AcArAMga meM mokSa kA upAya batAyA gayA hai ataH use sampUrNa pravacana kA sAra kahA hai| AcArAMga zramaNa-jIvana kA AdhAra hai, ata: prAcIna kAla meM isa Agama kA adhyayana sarvaprathama kiyA jAtA thaa| isake adhyayana kiye binA sUtrakRta Adi Agama sAhitya kA adhyayana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thaa| AcArAMga ke adhyayana ke pazcAt hI dharmAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga par3hane kA vidhAna hai| AcArAMga ke nau brahmacarya adhyayanoM kA vAcana kie binA hI jo anya AgamoM kA adhyayana karatA hai usake lie cAturmAsika prAyazcita kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMgake zastraparijJA adhyayana se navadIkSita 1 aMgANaM kiM sAro? aayaaro| -AcArAMga niyukti, gAthA 16 2 AcArAMga niyukti, gAthA : 3 aMgaM jahA AyAro taM avAetA suyagaDaMga vAeMti -nizIyaNi, bhAga 4, pR0 252 4 ahavA baMbhacerAdi AyAraM avAettA dhammANuogaM isimAsiyAdi vAeti, ahavA sUrapaNNattimAi gaNitANuogaM vAeti, ahavA diThivAnaM daviyANuogaM bAeti, ahavA jadA caraNANuogo vAtito tadA dhammANuogaM avAettA gaNiyANuyoga vAeti, evaM ukkamo cAraNiyAe sabvo vi bhaasiybyo| -nizIthacUNi, bhAga 4, pR. 252 5 je bhikanu Nava baMbhacerAI avAettA uttama suyaM vAei, bAettaM vA sAtijjati -nizItha, 161

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48 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA zramaNa kI upasthApanA kI jAtI thI, aura AcArAMga ke adhyayana se hI zramaNa piNDakalpI yAni bhikSA lAne ke yogya banatA thaa| AcArAMga ke adhyayana se zramaNadharma kA parijJAna hotA hai ata: AcAradhara ko prathama gaNisthAna kahA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to AcAradhara hI AcArya hone kA prathama kAraNa hai| dvAdazAMgI meM AcArAMga kA prathama sthAna hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAha ne likhA hai ki tIrthaGkara bhagavAna sarvaprathama AcArAMga kA aura usake pazcAt zeSa aMgoM kA pravartana karate haiN| . AcArAMga cUrNi' va vRtti meM AcArAMga kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue likhA hai-ananta atIta meM jitane bhI tIrthakara hue haiM una sabane sarvaprathama AcArAMga kA hI upadeza diyA / vartamAna kAla meM jo tIrthaGkara mahAvideha kSetra meM virAjamAna haiM ve bhI sarvaprathama AcArAMga kA hI upadeza dete haiM aura anAgata anantakAla meM jitane bhI tIrthakara hone vAle haiM ve bhI sarvaprathama AcArAMga kA hI upadeza deMge, usake pazcAt zeSa aMgoM kA / gaNaghara bhI isI krama kA anusaraNa karate hue isI krama se dvAdazAMgI ko gumphita karate haiN| 1 vyavahAramASya 3 / 174-175 2 AyArammi ahIe jaM nAo hoi samaNadhammo u|' .. tamhA AyAradharo, maNNai paDhamaM gaNiTThANaM ||-aacaaraaNg niyukti, mA0 10 3 (ka) se NaM aMgaThyAe paDhame / -samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya sUtra 1 (kha) sthApanAmadhikRtya prathamamaMgam / -nandI, malayagiri vRtti, patra 211 (ga) gaNadharAH punaH sUtraracanA vidadhataH AcArAdikrameNa vidadhAti sthApayanti vaa| __ -nanbI, malayagiri vRtti, patra 240 4 samvesimAyAro tityassa pavattaNe pddh'myaae| .. . sesAI aMgAI ekkArasa annupubviie|| -AcArAMga niyukti savva titthayarA vi ya AyArassa atyaM paDhama AikkhaMti tato sesaMgANaM ekkArasaNhaM aMgANaM tAe ceva parivADIe gaNaharA vi suttaM guthati / -AcArAMga cUNi, pR03 6 kadA punarbhagavatAcAraH praNItaH ityatha Aha savvesimityAdisarveSAM tIrthakarANAM tIrthapravartanAdAvAcArArthaH prathamatayAbhUd bhavati, bhaviSyati ca tataH zeSAMgArtha iti gaNadharA apyanayavAnupUrvyA sUtratayA athnanti iti / -AcArAMga, zIlAGkAcArya vRtti, pR06

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana jA samavAyAGga kI vRtti meM AcArya abhayadeva ne aura nandIsUtra kI vRtti meM AcArya malayagiri ne uparyukta mAnyatA ke samarthana meM apanA abhimata vyakta karane ke pazcAt likhA hai ki AcArAMga sthApanA kI dRSTi se prathama aMga hai aura racanA krama kI dRSTi se bArahavA~ aMga hai, aura dUsarI dRSTi se racanA-krama aura sthApanA krama donoM hI dRSTiyoM se AcArAMga prathama aMga hai / ye donoM dhArAe~ abhayadeva va malayagiri se pahale hI pracalita thIM / aMga pUrvo se niryUr3ha haiM, isa dRSTi se dekheM to AcArAMga sthApanA krama kI dRSTi se prathama aMga hai kintu racanAkrama kI dRSTi se nahIM / triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra 3, mahAvIra cariyaM Adi se parijJAta hotA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gautama Adi gaNadharoM ko sarvaprathama 'uppannei vA, vigame vA, dhuveda vA yaha tripadI pradAna kI aura unhoMne isa tripadI se pahale caudaha pUrvo kI racanA kI aura usake pazcAt dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI / gaNadharoM ne dvAdazAGgI se pahale pUrvo kI racanA kI ataH unheM pUrva kahA gyaa| prazna hai ki jaba pUrvo kI racanA aMgoM se pahale huI to dvAdazAMgI kI racanA meM AcArAMga kA prathama sthAna kisa prakAra hai ? uttara hai---pUrvo kI prathama racanA hone para bhI AcArAMga kA dvAdazAGgI ke krama meM prathama sthAna mAnane meM bAdhA nahIM hai cUMki bArahavA~ aMga dRSTivAda hai na ki pUrva haiN| pUrva to dRSTivAda ke pA~ca vibhAgoM meM se eka vibhAga hai / sarvaprathama gaNadharoM ne pUrvo kI racanA kI kintu bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda kA avazeSa bahuta bar3e bhAga kA grathana to AcArAMga Adi ke krama se bArahaveM sthAna para hI huA hai| aisA kahIM para bhI ullekha nahIM hai ki dRSTivAda kA sarvaprathama grathana kiyA ho / ataH niyuktikAra kA prastuta kathana satya pratIta hotA hai ki racanA va sthApanA donoM hI dRSTi se AcArAMga kA dvAdazAGgI meM prathama sthAna 1 1 samavAyAMga vRtti abhayadeva sUri, patra 1961 2 nandI malayagiri vRtti, pR0 481 3 triSaSTi0 10 / 5 / 165 4 (ka) mahAvIra cariyaM 8 / 257 guNacandra (kha) darzana - ratna ratnAkara patra 403 / 1 5. parikarma-sUtra pUrvAnuyoga- pUrvagata-cUlikAH paMcasyuSTivAdabhedA: pUrvANi caturdazApi pUrvagate || -abhidhAna cintAmaNi 160

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50 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA racayitA aura usakA samaya yaha satya tathya hai ki AcArAMga kI racanA gaNadhara sudharmA ne kI hai| aura vaha bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM hI / bhASA zAstrI va aitihAsika vidvAnoM kA mantavya hai ki AcArAMga upalabdha AgamoM meM sabase prAcIna hai / isakI racanA zailI anya AgamoM se pRthak hai / prastuta Agama kI tulanA pAzcAtya vicAraka DA0 harmana jekobI ne brAhmaNa sUtroM kI zailI ke sAtha kI hai / unakA abhimata hai ki 'brAhmaNa sUtroM ke vAkya paraspara sambandhita haiM kintu AcArAMga ke vAkya paraspara saMbaMdhita nahIM hai|' ve likhate haiM ki 'AcArAMga ke vAkya usa samaya ke prasiddha dhArmika granthoM se uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, aisA pratIta hotA hai / merA yaha anumAna gadya ke madhya Ane vAle padyoM va padoM ke sambandha meM pUrNa satya hai / kyoMki una padyoM yA padoM kI sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana tathA dazakAlika ke padoM se tulanA hotI hai|" DA0 jekobI kA prastuta mata pUrNatayA AdhAra-rahita nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki dvAdazAMgI pUrvo se niryUr3ha hai aura dazavaikAlika kA niryahaNa bhI pUrvo se hI huA hai| ataH yaha bahuta sambhava hai ki sabhI kA niryUhaNa sthala eka ho / AcArAMga ke vAkya paraspara sambandhita nahIM haiM, isa kathana meM bhI kucha sacAI ho sakatI hai kyoMki jo vartamAna meM AcArAMga kA rUpa upalabdha hai vaha pUrNa nahIM kintu khaMDita hai / tRtIya kAraNa vyAkhyA paddhati kA bheda bhI hai| kyoMki Agama sAhitya meM chinnacchedanafor aura acchinnacchedanayika ye do vyAkhyA paddhatiyA~ rahI 1 The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXII, Introduction, p. 48 They do not read like a logical discussion, but like a Sermon. made up by quotations from some then well-known sacred books. In fact the fragments of Verses and whole Verses which are liberally interpersed in the prose texts go far to prove the correctness of my conjecture: for many of these 'disjecta membra' are very similar to Verses or Padas of Verses occuring in the 'Sutrakritanga', 'Uttaradhyayana' and 'Dasavaikalika' Sutras.

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 1 haiN| pahalI paddhati ke anusAra hara eka vAkya yA gAthA apane Apa meM pUrNa hotI hai| pahale yA antima vAkya va gAthA se usakI sambandha-yojanA nahIM hotii| kintu dUsarI paddhati meM pratyeka vAkya yA zloka kI pUrva yA antima vAkya yA gAthA ke sAtha sambandha-yojanA hotI hai| AcArAMga kI vyAkhyA yadi chinnacchedanayika paddhati se kI jAya to vAkyoM meM visaMvAda jJAta hogaa| yadi acchinnacchedanayika paddhati se vyAkhyA kI jAya to usameM kahIM para bhI visaMvAda jJAta nahIM hogaa| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI racanA zailI se AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI racanA zailI sarvathA bhinna hai| itihAsavettAoM kI mAnyatA hai ki isakI racanA AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha ke uttarakAla meM huI hai| AcArAMga niyukti meM dvitIya zrutaskandha (AcAracUlA) ko sthavirakRta mAnA hai| cUrNikAra ne sthavira kA artha gaNadhara kiyA hai aura vRttikAra ne caturdazapUrva vid kiyA hai| para sthavira kA nAma nahIM diyA hai| vijJoM kA aisA abhimata hai ki prathama zrutaskandha kA gahana artha spaSTa ho jAye, etadartha bhadrabAhu svAmI ne AcArAMga kA artha AcArAna meM pravibhakta kiyA hai| AcArAMga niyukti meM pAMca cUlAoM ke niryuhaNa sthaloM kA saMketa kiyA hai / vaha cArTa isa prakAra hai 1 AcArAMga niyukti, gA0 287 2 AcArAMga cUNi, pR0 326 3 AcArAMga vRtti, patra 260 biiassa ya paMcamae aTThamaMgassa biiyaMmi uddese / mANio piMDo sijjA, vasthaM pAuggaho ceva / / paMcamaMgassa cautthe iriyA vaNijjaI samAseNaM / chaTThassa ya. paMcamae mAsajjAyaM viyANAhi / / sattikkagANi sattavi, nijjUDhAI mhaaprinaao| satthaparinA bhAvaNa, nijUDhAbo dhuyavimuttI / / AyArapakappo puNa paccakkhANa tiyvtthuo| AyAranAmadhijjA, bIsaimA pAhuDakacheyA / / -AcArAMga niyukti, gA0 258-261

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52 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA niryUhaNa-sthala AcArAMga adhyayana 2 du uddazaka 5 2 4 5 5 6 7 1 6 2-4 pratyAkhyAna pUrva ke tRtIya vastu kA AcAra nAmaka bIsavA~ prAbhRta 1-7 niryUDha adhyayana - AcAracUlA adhyayana 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 3 4 814 15 16 AcAra-prakalpa (nizItha ) aria niyukti meM kevala niryU haNa sthala ke adhyayana aura uddezakoM kA saMketa kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM para cUrNikAra aura vRttikAra ne niryUhaNa sUtroM kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai / 1 cUrNi ke anusAra AcAra-cUlA ke 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, aura 7 ke niryUhaNa sUtra isa prakAra haiM- jamiNa virUvarUvehi satthehi logassa kammasamAraMbhA kajjati taM jahA- appaNo se puttANaM dhUyANaM... --adhya0 2, u0 5 sUtra 104 Hataji vA pariNNAya - adhya0 2, 305 sUtra 108 -a02, u0 5 sUtra 112 tyaM paDiggahaM kaMbalaM pAyapuMcha uggahaM ca kaDAsaNaM taM bhikkhu, uvasaMkamittu gAhAvaI bUyA -- AvasaMto ! samaNA ahaM khalu tava aTThAe asaNaM vA (4) vatthaM vA paDimyahaM vA kaMbalaM vA pAyapuMchaNaM vA pANAI bhUyANaM jIvAI samArambha samuddissa kIyaM pAmiccaM AcchejjaM aNisaTThe abhihaDaM AhaTTa. cetemi AvasahaM vA samusiNomi -a0 6, u0 21, sUtra 2, pR0 80-81 gAmANugAmaM ijja mANassa --- -405, u0 4, sUtra 62, pR0 56 taddiTThIe.. -a05, 04, sUtra 66, 10 60 -a05, u0 4, sUtra 66 ...palIvAhare pAsiya pANe gacchejjA se abhivakamamANe ...... a05, 30 4, sUtra 70 pANaM paDI dAhiNaM udINaM Aikve vibhae kiTThe - a0 6, u05, sUtra 101 2 vRtti ke anusAra - savvAmagaMdhaM pariNAya NirAmagaMdhI parivvae AdissamANe kaya vikkae a0 2,305, sUtra 108 free veermejjA ciTThejja vA nisIejja vA turyATTajja vA susAnaMsi vA '''' ( yAvad bahiyA viharijjA) taM bhikkhu uvasaMkamittu gAhAvatI bUyA - AusaMto

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 53 niyukti, cUNi aura vRtti meM jina nirdezoM kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai unake AdhAra se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcAra-cUlA AcArAMga se uddhata nahIM hai para AcArAMga ke hI saMkSipta pATha kA isameM vistAra hai| AcArAMga niyukti meM isa tathya kI puSTi kI gaI hai| AcArAna meM jo 'ana' zabda vyavahRta huA hai vaha yahA~ para uparAkArAgra ke artha meM hai / AcArAMga cUrNi meM upakArAma kA artha kiyA hai 'pUrvokta kA vistAra aura anukta kA pratipAdana karane vaalaa'| AcArAgra (AcAra cUlA) meM AcArAMga meM jisa artha kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai usa artha kA isameM vistAra hai aura sAtha hI isameM apratipAdita artha kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai etadartha use AcAra kA agra-sthAna diyA gayA hai| AcAra cUlA meM ukta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isake prathama sAta adhyayanoM meM ukta kA hI vistAra hai| pandrahaveM adhyayana meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jo jIvana-vRtta hai vaha anukta kA vistAra hai| yaha adhyayana AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana zastraparijJA se niryar3ha hai| para yaha satya hai ki usameM mahAvIra kI jIvanI nahIM hai kintu mahAvratoM kI jo bhAvanA hai vaha pahale adhyayana kI pUraka hai| . niryahaNa ke sambandha meM vijJoM ne aisA bhI anumAna kiyA hai ki AcArAMga meM piNDazaiyyA prabhRti se sambandhita jo sUtra the ve bhale hI saMkSipta rahe hoM para samaNA ! ahaM khalu tava aTThAe asaNaM vA pANaM vA khAi vA sAimaM vA vatvaM .. vA paDigyahaM vA kaMbalaM vA pAyapuMchaNaM vA pANAiM bhUyAI jIvAI sattAI samArabma samuddissa kIya pAmicca-- -08, u02, sUtra 21 vatthaM paDiggahaM kaMbalaM pAyapuMchaNaM uggahaM ca kaDAsaNaM -02,05, sUtra 112 gAmANugAma duijjamANassa dujjAtaM dupparakta -05, u04, sUtra 2 Aikkhe vimae kiTTha veyabI -a06,305, sUtra 101 uvayAreNa u pagayaM AyArasseva uvarimAiM tu / rukkhassa ma pavvayassa ya jaha agyAI theyaaii|| -AcArAMga niyukti, gA0 286 upakArAgraM tu yat pUrvoktasya vistarato'nuktasya ca pratipAdanAdupakArevartate tad yathA dazakAlikasya cUDe, ayameva vA zrutaskandha aacaarsyetyto'tropkaaraanennaadhikaar| -AcArAMga cUrNi, pR. 250

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54 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA una sUtroM kA arthAgama atyadhika vistRta thaa| usa arthAgama ko AcArya bhadrabAhu ne sUtrAgama kA rUpa dekara usako cUlA ke rUpa meM sthApita kara diyaa| nizItha kA apara nAma AcArakalpa hai| vaha AcAra se nir3ha nahIM hai, kintu pUrva sAhitya meM jo AcAra-vastu thI usase vaha niryar3ha hai| AcArAgra to AcAra se hI niryar3ha mAnA gayA hai| . prathama do cUlAoM meM sAta-sAta adhyayana haiM, tIsarI aura cauthI cUlA meM eka-eka adhyayana hai| isakA rahasya yaha hai ki prathama cUlA meM sAta adhyayanoM meM se pAMca adhyayanoM kA niryahaNa sthala samAna hai| pAMcaveM aura chaThe adhyayana kA niryahaNa sthala pRthak-pRthak rahA hai tathApi viSaya sAmya kI dRSTi se unheM eka cUlA meM rakhA gayA hai| prathama cUlA ke sAtoM adhyayana IryA, bhASA aura eSaNA se sambandhita haiM ataH unheM eka cUlA meM vargIkaraNa karake rakhA gayA hai| dUsarI cUlA ke sAtoM adhyayana AcAra ke eka adhyayana se niSUr3ha haiM ata: unheM eka hI cUlA meM rakhA gayA hai| tIsarI cUlA meM pandrahavA~ adhyayana aura cauthI cUlA meM solahavAM adhyayana bhI eka-eka cUlA se niryar3ha haiM ata: unheM eka-eka cUlA meM rakhA gayA hai| AcAraprakalpa (nizItha) ke bIsa uddezaka haiN| vaha pAMcavIM cUlA hai| eka prazna hai ki pAMcoM cUlAoM ke nirmAtA eka hI vyakti haiM yA pRthak-pRthaka vyakti haiM kyoMki AcArAMga niyukti meM 'sthavira' zabda kA prayoga bahuvacana meM huA hai| usake AdhAra se AcAra-cUlA ke racayitA aneka vyakti hone caahie| uttara hai-sthavira zabda kA prayoga bahuvacana meM huA hai yaha satya hai, para vaha sammAna sUcaka hai ata: usakA racayitA eka hI honA caahie| AcArAMga meM piNDaiSaNA prabhRti ke niyama idhara-udhara bikhare hue the| unakA pratipAdana arthAgama ke dvArA hotA thaa| AcarAMga cUNi se yaha spaSTa hai ki AcAra cUlA eka viSaya ke bikhare hue arthoM kA saMkalana hai| jina viSayoM kA AcAra cUlA meM niSedha hai unhIM doSoM kA prAyazcita vidhAna nizItha meM kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata lagatA hai ki 1 AcArAMga niyukti, gA0 287 2 piDIkRto pRthak-pRthak piMDassa piMDesaNAsu kato, sejjattho sejjAsu, evaM sesANavi / -AcArAMga cUNi pR. 326

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana AcAra sambandhI niyamoM kA saMkalana aura una niyamoM ke atikramaNa karane para prAyazcita--ina donoM ko vyavasthita rUpa dene vAle chedasUtra ke racayitA bhadrabAhu svAmI hone caahie| . nizItha ko zvetAmbara sAhitya meM kAlika sUtra mAnA hai| nandI ke anusAra vaha anaMgapraviSTa kI koTi meM AtA hai| cAra cUlAoM ko AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai aura vaha aMga praviSTa kI koTi meM hai| gommaTasAra meM nizItha kI parigaNanA ArAtIya AcArya kRta caudaha aMgabAhya sUtroM meM kI hai|' samavAyAGga aura nandI' meM AcArAMga ke paccIsa adhyayana batAye haiN| yaha saMkhyA AcArAMga ke nau adhyayanoM ke sAtha cAra AcAra cUlAoM ke solaha adhyayana milAne se hI sampanna hotI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki nandIsUtra kI racanA taka nizItha kI racanA eka svataMtra grantha ke rUpa meM rahI aura usake pazcAt use AcArAMga kI cUlA ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta huii| AcArAMga niyukti ke pUrva yaha mAnyatA sthira ho cukI thii| etadartha hI niyuktikAra ne pada-parimANa kI dRSTi se AcArAMga ko bahu-bahutara mAnA hai|' AcArAMga vRtti meM AcArya zIlAGka ne likhA hai ki cAra cUlAoM kA yoga karane para AcArAMga kA pada-parimANa 'bahu' hotA hai aura nizItha nAmaka pA~cavIM calA kA yoga karane para usakA padaparimANa 'bahutara' ho jAtA hai| isa samaya nizItha kA samAveza chedasUtroM meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha vibhAga bhI nandI kI racanA ke pazcAt huA hai| nizItha ko Aja bhale hI hama svataMtra grantha mAnakara chedasUtroM ke antargata 1 nandIsUtra 77 2 nandIsUtra:50 3 gommaTasAra 366-367 4 AyArassa NaM bhagavao sacUliyAyassa paNavIsaM ajjhayaNA paNNattA / -samavAyAMga, samavAya 25, sUtra 5 5 paNavIsaM ajjhayayaNA / -nandIsUtra 80 6 habai ya saMpacacUlo bahubahutarao pyggennN| -AcArAMga niyukti, gA0 11 7 tatra catuzcUlikAtmaka dvitIyazrutaskandhaprakSepAd bahuH nizIthAkhyapaJcamacUlikAprakSepAda bhutrH| -AcArAMga vRtti, patra 6

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56 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA rakheM, para usakI jo racanA huI hai vaha cAra cUlAoM kI parikalpanA se pRthak nahIM hai / ataH pA~coM cUlAoM ke racayitA eka hI haiM / samavAyAGga meM cUlikA ko chor3akara AcArAMga sUtrakRtAGga aura sthAnAGga ke sattAvana adhyayana batAye haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM-sUtrakRtAGga ke teIsa adhyayana, sthAnAGga ke dasa adhyayana, AcArAMga ke nau adhyayana, AcAraculA ke pandraha adhyayana (isameM caturtha cUlA ke solahaveM adhyayana ko chor3akara zeSa tIna cUlAoM ke pandraha adhyayana ) isa taraha sattAvana adhyayana hote haiM / " abhayadevasUri ne vRtti meM isa bAta ko spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai ki vimukti nAmaka caturtha cUlA kA varjana kisa AdhAra para kiyA hai| sUtra meM jo sattAvana kI saMkhyA AI hai usakI saMkhyA pUrti ke lie vimukti adhyayana kA varjana kiyA hai yA anya kisI kAraNa se ? vijJoM ne prastuta prazna ke samAdhAnArtha yaha kalpanA kI hai ki AcArAMga se sIdhA sambandha prathama tIna cUlikAoM ( 15 adhyayanoM) kA hai / pahalI do cUlikAoM kA sambandha AcAra se hai aura tIsarI cUlikA ( 15 adhyayana ) kA sambandha nauveM adhyayana meM jo mahAvIra kI sAdhanA varNita hai, usase hai| kintu vimukti kA sIdhA sambandha na hone se isameM na liyA ho / AcArAMga cUrNi meM eka navIna bAta AI hai| usameM likhA hai ki sthUlabhadra kI bahina sAdhvI yakSA mahAvideha kSetra meM gaI thii| jaba vaha bhagavAna sImaMdhara svAmI ke darzana kara lauTane lagI taba bhagavAna ne use (1) bhAvanA aura (2) vimukti nAmaka ye do adhyayana diye| 3 1 tinhaM gaNipiDagANaM AyAracUliyAvajjANaM sattAvannaM ajjhayaNA paNNattA taM jahAAyAre, sUyagaDe, ThANe / - samavAyAMga, samavAya 77, sUtra 1 sarvAntimadhyayanaM vimuktyami 2 AcArasya zrutaskandhadvayarUpasya prathamAMgasya culikA 2. dhAnamAcAracUlikA tad varjAnAm ... 3 sirio pavvaito agmattaTTheNaM kAlagato mahAvidehe vi ajjhayaNANi bhAvaNA vimotI ya ANitANi / - samavAyAMga vRtti, patra 69 ya pucchikA gatA ajjA do - Avazyaka cUrNa, pR0 188

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- aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 57 . AcArya hemacandra ne pariziSTa parva meM prastuta sAdhvI yakSA kI ghaTanA dete hue likhA hai ki bhagavAna sImaMdhara ne (1) bhAvanA, (2) vimukti, (3) rativAkyA (ratikalpa) 4 aura viviktacaryA ye cAra adhyayana pradAna kiye| saMgha ne pahale do adhyayana AcArAMga kI tIsarI aura cauthI cUlikAoM ke rUpa meM aura antima do adhyayana dazavakAlika kI cUlikAoM ke rUpa meM sthApita kiye / Avazyaka cUrNi meM do adhyayanoM kA varNana hai to pariziSTa parva meM cAra adhyayanoM kaa| do kA saMvardhana AcArya hemacandra ne kaise kiyA? AcArAMga niyukti aura dazavakAlika niyukti meM prastuta ghaTanA kA koI bhI ullekha nahIM hai phira Avazyaka cuNi meM vaha kaise AgaI ? yaha zodhArthiyoM ke lie anveSaNa kA viSaya hai|2 AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke racanAkAra kauna haiM ? isa prazna para vistAra se carcA karate hue AcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja ne likhA hai ki 'samavAyAGga aura nandIsUtra meM jo AcArAMga kA paricaya diyA gayA hai usase hI spaSTa hai ki AcArAMga aMga kI apekSA se prathama aMga hai, isameM do zrutaskandha haiM, paccIsa adhyayana haiM, 85 uddezana kAla haiM aura 18000 pada haiN| yadi AcArAMga sUtra kA dvitIya zrutaskandha arthata: bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA kathita aura zabdata: gaNadharoM dvArA grathita nahIM hotA to ise AgamoM ke mUlapATha meM isa prakAra AcArAMga kA abhinna aMga kadApi svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thaa| mUlapATha se aisA kahIM para bhI pratIta nahIM hotA ki AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha AcArAMga kA abhinna aMga na hokara 1 zrIsaMghAyopadAM preSInmanmukhena prasAdamAk / zrImAnsImandhara svAmI catvAryadhyayanAni ca // bhAvanA ca vimuktizca ratikalpamaSAparam / tathA vicitracaryA ca tAni caitAni nAmataH / apyekayA vAcanayA mayA tAni dhRtAni ca / udgItAni ca saMghAya tattathAkhyAnapUrvakam // AcArAMgasya cUle / Adyamadhyayanadvayam / . dazavakAlikasyAnyadaya saMghena yojitam // -pariziSTa parva, 7-100, pR.. 2 AyAro taha AyAra-cUlA : bhUmikA-AcArya tulasI, pR0 20-27 3 jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR0 61-106

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58 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA AcArAma AcArAMga kA pariziSTa athavA pazcAtvartI kAla meM jor3A huA bhAga ho| sarvaprathama niyuktikAra ne apanA abhimata prastuta karate hue likhA samavAyAGga aura nandI meM AcArAMga kA jo pada parimANa 18000 batAyA gayA hai vaha pada parimANa kevala brahmacaryAdhyayana nAmaka AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA hI pada parimANa hai| pAMca cUlAoM sahita AcArAMga kI pada saMkhyA bahuta adhika aura adhikatara hai| usake pazcAt nandI cUrNi meM aura samavAyAGga kI vRtti meM AcArya abhayadeva ne niyuktikAra ke kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai| para prazna yaha hai ki AcArAMga kI bhAMti do zrataskaMdha vAle anya Agama bhI haiN| una AgamoM meM prathama zrutaskaMdha kI pada saMkhyA se dUsare zrutaskaMdha kI pada-saMkhyA pRthak nahIM batAI hai| sUtrakRtAGga, jJAtAdharmakathA, praznavyAkaraNa aura vipAka ina cAroM aMgoM ke pada parimANa pratyeka ke donoM zrutaskaMdhoM ko milAkara mAne haiM / aisI sthiti meM kevala AcArAMga ke donoM zrutaskandhoM kA pada parimANa pRthaka-pRthaka batAte hae kevala prathama zrutaskaMdha kA hI pada parimANa 18000 kisa AdhAra se likhA hai isakA spaSTIkaraNa niyukti, cUrNi aura vRtti meM kahIM para bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha dhavalA aura aMgapaNNattI meM bhI AcArAMga kI pada saMkhyA 18000 mAnI hai| unameM AcArAMga ke viSayoM kA jo paricaya pradAna kiyA gayA hai vaha AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM pratipAdita viSayoM ke sAtha pUrNarUpa se milatA hai| dUsarI mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki samavAyAGga va nandI meM bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda ne tRtIya bheda 'pUrvagata' ke 14 pUrvo meM se Adi ke cAra pUrvI ko chor3akara zeSa kisI bhI aMga kI cUlikAoM kA astitva nahIM batAyA hai| jahA~ pratyeka aMga ke zrutaskandha, adhyayana, uddezaka, pada aura akSaroM 1 AcArAMma niyukti, 1 zrutaskandha, gA0 11 2 aTThArasa payasahassANi puNa paDhamasuyakkhaMghassa, navabaMbhaceramaiyassa pamANaM vicittasthANi ya suttANi guruvaesao tesi atyo jANiabbo / - nanvocUNi 3 samavAyAMgaTIkA-rAyadhanapatisiMha dvArA prakAzita, patra 54 (2)

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana taka kI saMkhyA kA pratipAdana hai vahA~ bhI prathama cAra pUrvo kI cUlikAe~ batAI haiM kintu AcArAMga kI cUlikAoM kA nirdeza nahIM hai / ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki cAra pUrvo ke atirikta kisI bhI Agama kI cUlikAe~ nahIM thIM / 56 AcArAMga aura AcAraprakalpa ye donoM eka nahIM haiM, kyoMki AcArAMga kahIM se niryar3ha nahIM kiyA gayA hai jabaki AcAraprakalpa pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tRtIya vastu AcAra nAmaka bIsaveM prAbhRta se uddhRta hai / isa satya ko niyukti, cUrNi va vRtti sabhI ne svIkAra kiyA hai jo sAdhvAcAra ke lie paramopayogI hone se cUlA na hone para bhI use cUlA ke rUpa meM sthAna diyA gayA / samavAyAGga meM 'AyArassa bhagavao sacUliyAgassa" jo pATha hai vaha isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatA hai| saMbhava hai isI cUlikA zabda prayoga ke kAraNa yaha sandehAspada sthiti samutpanna huI jisake phalasvarUpa pada saMkhyA viSayaka, aura cUlikA viSayaka AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ko AcArAMga se bhinna, AcArAMga kI cUlikAeM, AcArAgra evaM AcArAMga kA pariziSTa mAnane ke lie niyuktikAra ko kalpanA karanI par3I ho| Age bhASA ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki donoM zrutaskandhoM kI zailI evaM bhASA meM dvirUpatA dekhakara vizoM ko yaha bhrama ho gayA hai ki dvitIya zrutaskandha prathama zrutaskandha se pazcAtvartI kAla kI kRti hai kintu yaha tarka yuktiyukta nahIM hai kyoMki Agama sAhitya meM samAsa aura vyAsa ye donoM prakAra kI varNana zailiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| sUtra zailI meM dArzanika evaM tAtvika vivecana kI pradhAnatA hone se bhAva, bhASA aura zailI meM kliSTatA honA svAbhAvika hai kintu vyAsa zailI meM sAdhaka ko sAdhanA kI bAta samajhAne kA lakSya hone se use sarala rUpa se aura vyAkhyAtmaka DhaMga se samajhAyA jAtA hai| ataH yaha zailI sugama va sarala hotI hai / zailI meM jaisA antara AcArAMga ke prathama va dvitIya zrutaskandha meM hai vaisA hI antara jJAtAdharmakathA ke prathama aura dvitIya zrutaskandha meM bhI hai| 1 AcArapakappou paccakkhANassa taiyavatthUo / AcAraNAmadhejjA, visadamA pAhuDaccheyA // - AcArAMga niyukti, a 02

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6. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 'anta meM unhoMne apanA yaha spaSTa mantavya vyakta kiyA hai ki AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha dvAdazAGgI kA abhinna aGga hone se isake artha ke prarUpaka tIrthakara haiM aura sUtra ke racayitA gaNadhara haiN| AcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja ne jo tarka prastuta kiye haiM ve upekSaNIya nahIM haiN| prabuddha pAThakoM ko una para cintana karane kI yatheSTa preraNA hai| isa sambandha meM apane vicAra vyakta na kara, maiMne donoM hI prakAra ke vicAra pAThakoM ke samakSa rakha diye haiM / ata: maiM pAThaka varga se yaha nivedana karanA cAhU~gA ki pUrvAgraha se mukta hokara ve isa viSaya para taTastha dRSTi se cintana kareM jisase satya tathya kA parijJAna ho ske| yaha pUrNatayA satya siddha ho cukA hai ki AcArAMga Agama sAhitya meM sarvAdhika prAcIna hai| usameM varNita AcAra mUlabhUta hai aura vaha mahAvIra yuga ke adhika sannikaTa hai| AcArAMga meM varNita AcAra kA vikAsa hI usake pazcAt racita Agama granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| AcArAMga meM AcAra ke sAtha hI sampUrNa dArzanika tathyoM kA nirUpaNa bhI haA hai| usameM zraddhA aura tarka donoM kA sundara samanvaya hai| viSaya vastu ... samavAyAMga' aura nandI sUtra meM AcArAMga kA jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai AcAra, gocara, vinaya, vainayika (vinaya kA phala), sthAna (utthitAsana, niSaNNAsana aura zayitAsana) gamana, caMkramaNa, bhojana Adi kI mAtrA, svAdhyAya Adi meM yoga-niyuMjana, bhASAsamiti, gupti, zayyA, upAdhi, bhakta-pAna, udgama-utthAna, eSaNA Adi kI zuddhi, zuddhAzuddha grahaNa kA viveka, vrata, niyama, tapa, upadhAna Adi / prazamaratiprakaraNa meM AcArAMga ke pratyeka adhyayana kA viSaya saMkSepa meM isa prakAra diyA hai : (1) SaD jIvanikAya kI ytnaa| 1 samavAyAGga prakIrNaka samavAya sUtra 86 2 nandIsUtra 80 3 prazamaratiprakaraNa 114-117, AcArya umAsvAti /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 61 (2) laukika santAna kA gaurv-tyaag| (3) zIta uSNa Adi parISahoM para vijaya / (4) aprakampanIya samyaktva / (5) saMsAra se udveg| (6) karmoM ke kSINa karane kA upAya / (7) vaiyAvRtya kA prayatna / () tapa kI vidhi| (8) strI-saMga kA tyAga / (10) vidhi se bhikSA kA grahaNa / (11) strI, pazu, napuMsaka Adi se rahita shyyaa| (12) gti-shuddhi| (13) bhaassaa-shuddhi| (14) vastra kI essnnaa| (15) pAtra kI essnnaa| (16) avagraha-zuddhi (17) sthAna-zuddhi (18) niSadyA-zuddhi (16) vyutsarga-zuddhi (20) zabdAsakti-parityAga . . (21) rUpAsakti-parityAga (22) parakriyA-varjana (23) anyonyakriyA-varjana (24) mahAvratoM kI dRr3hatA (25) sarvasaMgoM se vimukti paryAyavAcI nAma AcArAMga niyukti meM AcArAMga ke dasa paryAyavAcI nAma diye haiN| (1) AyAra-yaha AcaraNIya kA pratipAdana karane vAlA hai etadartha . AcAra hai| 1 AyAro AcAlo, AgAlo Agaro ya aasaaso| Ayariso aMgati ya, AINNAjjAi AmokkhA // -AcArAMga niyukti, gA07

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12 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (2) AcAla-yaha niviDa baMdha ko AcAlita karatA hai ataH AcAla hai| (3) AgAla-cetanA ko sama gharAtala meM avasthita karatA hai ataH AgAla hai| (4) Agara---yaha Atmika-zuddhi ke ratnoM ko paidA karane vAlA hai ata: Agara hai| (5) AsAsa-yaha saMtrasta cetanA ko AzvAsana pradAna karane meM sakSama hai ataH AzvAsa hai| (6) Ayarisa- isameM 'itikartavyatA' dekha sakate haiM ata: yaha Adarza hai| (7) aGga-yaha antastala meM ahiMsA Adi bhAva jo rahe hue haiM unako vyakta karatA hai ata: aMga hai| (5) AINNa-prastuta Agama meM AcIrNa-dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai ata: yaha AcIrNa hai| (9) AjAi-isase jJAna Adi AcAroM kI prasUti hotI hai ataH AjAti hai| (10) Amokkha-baMdhana-mukti kA yaha sAdhana hai ata: AmokSa hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA nAma brahmacaryAdhyayana bhI hai| samavAyAMga meM isake adhyayanoM ko 'nava brahmacarya' kahA hai| AcArAMga niyukti meM ise 'nava brahmacaryAdhyayanAtmaka' batAyA hai| samavAyAGga' aura AcArAMga niyukti meM adhyayanoM ke jo nAma upalabdha hote haiM, unameM yatkiJcit antara hai| nAmabheda bhI hai aura kramabheda bhI hai| jaisesamavAyAMga AcArAMga niyukti satthapariNA satthapariNNA logavijaya logavijaya sIosaNijja sIosaNijja 1 Nava baMmacera paNNattA 2 Nava baMbhacera mahao 3 samavAyAMga, samavAya 6, sUtra 3 4 : AcArAMga niyukti, gAthA 31-32 -samavAyAMga prakIrNaka 9, sUtra 3 -AcArAMga niyaM kti gA011

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 3 sammata AvaMtI sammata logasAra dhuta dhuya vimohAyaNa mahApariNA uvahANasuya vimokkha mahapariNA uvahANasuya AcArAMga ke pAMcaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'logasAra' hai| samavAyAna meM jo AvantI nAma AyA hai vaha Adi pada ke kAraNa se hai| anuyogadvAra meM yaha udAharaNa ke rUpa meM diyA hai| AcArAMga niyukti meM bhI AvaMtI ko AdAna-pada nAma aura logasAra (lokasAra) ko gauNa nAma diyA hai| tattvArtha rAjavAtika meM AcArya akalaMka ne AcArAMga kA samagra viSaya caryAvidhAna batAyA hai aura mUlArAdhanA meM aparAjitasUri ne AcArAMga ko ratnatrayI ke AcaraNa kA pratipAdaka kahA hai| jaina sAhitya meM AcAra zabda vyApaka artha meM vyavahRta huA hai| AcArAMga kI vyAkhyA meM AcAra ke pA~ca prakAra batAye haiM.---(1) jJAnAcAra, (2) darzanAcAra, (3) cAritrAcAra, (4) tapAcAra, aura (5) viiryaacaar| AcArAMga meM pAMca AcAroM kA nirUpaNa hai| AcAra sAdhanA kA prANa hai, mukti kA mUla hai| 1 se kiM te AyANa paeNaM ? (dhammo maMgala, cUliyA) aavNtii............| tatra AvaMtItyAcArasya paMcamAdhyayanaM, tatra zAdAbeda-'AvamtI keyAvatI' syAlApako vidyata ityAdAnapadenatannAma / -anuyogadvAra sUtra 30, vRttipatra 130 2 AyANapaeNAvaMti, goNNanAmeNa logasArutti / . .. . -AcAroga niyukti, gAthA 238 3 AcAre cavidhAnaM zuddha yaSTaka paMcasamititriguptivikalpaM kthyte| -tasvArtha rAjavAtika 12 4 ratnatrayAcaraNanirUpaNaparatayA prathama bhaMgamAcAra shbdenocyte| -mUlArAdhanA, AzvAsa 2, zlo 130-vijeyobayA 5 samavAyAGga prakIrNaka, samavAyAGga sU086.........

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64 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA racanA-zailI sUtrakRtAGga sUtra kI cUrNi meM sUtra racanA kI (1) gadya, (2) padya, (3) kathya, aura (4) geya - ye cAra zailiyA~ prApta hotI haiM / " dazavekAlika niyukti meM (1) grathita aura (2) prakIrNaka- ina do zailiyoM kA nirdeza hai| AcArya haribhadra ne grathita zailI kA artha 'racanA zailI' aura prakIrNaka kA artha 'kathA zailI' kiyA hai| niryukti meM grathita zailI ke (1) gadya, (2) padya, (3) geya, aura (4) caurNa - ye cAra prakAra batAye haiM / * jise dazavekAlika niryukti meM prakIrNaka kahA gayA hai use hI sUtrakRtAGga cUrNi meM kathya kahA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha brahmacaryAdhyayana ko gadya ke vibhAga meM rakhA hai jabaki dazavaikAlika cUrNi meM brahmacaryAdhyayana ko caurNa pada mAnA hai / " AcArya haribhadra kA bhI yahI mantavya hai / AcArAMga kI racanA kevala gadya meM hI nahIM hai ataH dazavekAlika kA mata adhika tarkasaMgata hai / dazavekAlika niyukti meM caurNa pada kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai - 'jo arthabahula, mahArtha, hetu, nipAta aura upasarga se gaMbhIra, bahupAda, avyavacchinna (virAma rahita) gama aura naya se vizuddha hotA hai vaha caurNapada hai / prastuta paribhASA meM 'bahupAda' zabda vyavahRta huA hai| jisakA tAtparya hai jisameM pAda kA abhAva hotA hai vaha gadya hai kintu caurNa vaha hai jisameM gadya sAtha bahupAda (caraNa) bhI hote haiN| AcArAMga meM gadya ke sAtha-sAtha 1 taM caugvidhaM taM jahA gadya, padya, kathyaM, geyaM / gadya - cUrNigranthaH brahmacaryAdi....... - sUtrakRtAMga bhUmi, pR0 7 vaza0 niyukti gA0 166 2 nomA upi duvihaM, gahiyaM ca padmantrayaM ca boddhavvaM / gahiyaM cauppayAraM, pannagaM hoi NegavihaM // 3 prathitaM racitaM baddhamityanarthAntaram ato'nyatprakIrNakaM - prakIrNakakathopayogijJAna- dazave0 hAribhavIyA vRtti, patra 87 - dazavekAlika cUmi, pR0 78 padamityarthaH / 4 dazavekAlika niryukti, gA0 170 5 idANi khuNNapadaM maNNai, jahA baMbhacerANi 6 dazarvakAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti TIkA, patrapa 7 atyabahulaM mahatthaM heunivAovasaggagaMbhIraM / bahupAyamavocchinnaM gamaNayasuddhAM ca caNNaparya // vazarva0 niyukti, gA0 174

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 65 padya bhI vipula mAtrA meM haiM isalie isakI zailI caurNa zailI mAnI gaI hai| samavAyAGga aura nandI meM bhI AcArAMga kA paricaya pradAna karate hue batAyA hai ki usameM saMkhyeya veSTaka aura saMkhyeya zloka haiN| .. AcArAMga ke AThaveM adhyayana ke sAtaveM uddezaka taka kI racanA zailI caurNa hai aura AThavA~ uddezaka tathA nauvA~ adhyayana padyAtmaka hai / AcAra cUlA ke pandraha adhyayana mukhya rUpa se gadyAtmaka haiM, unameM kahIM-kahIM para pada yA saMgraha gAthAeM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| solahavAM adhyayana padyAtmaka hai| DA0 zubiMga ne AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke padyoM kI tulanA bauddha piTaka grantha suttanipAta ke sAtha kI hai| usane AcArAMga meM vyavahata padyoM ke chandoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| prathama zrutaskandha prastuta Agama do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM nau adhyayana haiN| prathama adhyayana kA nAma zastra-parijJA hai| isameM zastra zabda kA prayoga aneka bAra huA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki 'jJa' parijJA se zastroM kI bhayaMkaratA aura unake prayoga se hone vAlI hiMsA Adi ko jAnakara pratyAkhyAna parijJA se zastroM kA tyAga karanA caahie| sAdhanA patha para pragati karane vAle sAdhaka ko dravya aura bhAva ye donoM prakAra ke zastroM kA parityAga karanA Avazyaka hai| AcArAMga sUtra kA prAraMbha Atma-jijJAsA se hotA hai| jaise vedAntadarzana kA 'athAto brahmajijJAsA mUla sUtra hai vaise hI jainadarzana kA 'athAto AtmajijJAsA' mUla sUtra hai / AtmA hai, vaha nityAnitya hai, kartA hai, bhoktA hai, baMdha hai, usake hetu haiM, mokSa hai, usake hetu haiN| ina saba AdhArabhUta tattvoM kI isameM carcA kI gaI hai| . prathama adhyayana ke sAta uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM samuccaya rUpa se jIva hiMsA na karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| zeSa chaha uddezakoM meM kramazaH pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vanaspati, vasakAya aura vAyukAya ke jIvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura sAdhaka ko yaha parijJAna karAyA hai ki ina yoniyoM meM tU eka bAra nahIM apitu aneka bAra utpanna huA hai| isa 1 samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya sUtra 86 2 saMkhejjA veDhA, saMkhejjA silogaa| -navIsUtra, 50

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66 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA virAT vizva meM jitane bhI jIva haiM ve sabhI tere jAtIya bhAI haiM, jaisI tujhameM cetanA-zakti hai vaisI hI cetanA-zakti unameM bhI hai| unheM bhI sukhaduHkha kA saMvedana hotA hai, ataH kisI bhI prakAra se unakA vadha nahIM karanA cAhie; unheM paritApa bhI nahIM denA cAhie aura na tAr3ana, tarjana va baMdhana meM hI DAlanA caahie| . dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma lokavijaya hai| yaha adhyayana chaha uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM aneka bAra loka zabda kA prayoga haA hai| para vijaya zabda kA prayoga kahIM para bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA tathApi saMpUrNa adhyayana meM lokavijaya kA upadeza pradhAna rUpa se AyA hai ataH prastuta adhyayana kA nAma lokavijaya hai| loka do prakAra kA hai-(1) dravyaloka aura (2) bhAvaloka / jisa kSetra meM mAnava-pazu-pakSI Adi nivAsa karate haiM vaha dravyaloka hai aura kaSAya ko bhAvaloka kahA hai| prastuta adhyayana kA mukhya uddezya hai-vairAgya kI abhivRddhi karanA, saMyama sAdhanA kI bhAvanA ko dRr3ha karanA, jAtigata mithyA ahaMkAra ko dUra karanA, bhogoM kI Asakti evaM bhojanAdi ke nimitta hone vAle ArambhasamArambha kA parityAga karanA aura mamatva-bhAva ko chor3akara anAsakta jIvana jInA / kaSAya loka se hI jIva dravyaloka meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| ata: zAstrakAra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA-'jo guNa hai vahI mUlasthAna hai aura jo mUlasthAna hai vahI guNa hai|' tAtparya yaha hai ki viSaya-kaSAya hI saMsAra hai aura saMsAra hI viSaya-kaSAya hai| ataH viSaya-kaSAya para vijaya-vaijayantI phaharAne vAlA sAdhaka hI saccA loka vijetA hai| 'tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma zItoSNanIya hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiN| yahA~ para zIta aura uSNa kA artha anukUla evaM pratikUla parISaha hai / strI aura satkAra ye zIta parISaha ke antargata haiM aura zeSa 20 parISaha uSNa haiN| sAdhaka-jIvana meM kabhI anukUla parISaha Ate haiM aura kabhI pratikUla / zramaNa donoM prakAra ke parISahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karatA hai kintu sAdhanA ke patha se kabhI bhI vicalita nahIM hotaa| sAdhaka ko pratipala pratikSaNa jAgrata rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA'suttA amuNI muNiNo sayA jAgaraMti' / sAdhaka kabhI bhI bhAvanidrA meM nahIM sotaa| vaha to dravyanidrA lete hue bhI sadA jAgrata rahatA hai| dvitIya uddezaka

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 67 meM prasupta vyakti ke mahAna duHkhoM kA varNana hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM cittazuddhi kI vRddhi karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai aura caturtha uddezaka meM kaSAya parihAra kara saMyamotkarSa karanA cAhie, isa para bala diyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyayana kA nAma samyaktva hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM ahiMsA dharma kI sthApanA kara samyaktvavAda kA prarUpaNa kiyA hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM jo hiMsA kI sthApanA karate haiM unheM anArya kahA gayA hai aura ahiMsA dharma kA ArAdhana karane vAlA Arya hai, yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya uddezaka meM tapa kA nirUpaNa hai| tapa se citta kI zuddhi aura guNoM kI abhivRddhi hotI hai aura caturtha uddezaka meM samyaktva kI upalabdhi ke lie prayatna karane kA upadeza hai / jijJAsA ho sakatI hai-sAdhaka ko kisa para zraddhA rakhanI cAhie ? prastuta jijJAsA kA samAdhAna isa adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai ki atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna meM hone vAle samasta tIrthaGkaroM kA eka hI upadeza hai ki sarvasattva, sarvabhUta, sarvajIva aura sarvaprANoM kI hiMsA mata kro| unheM pIr3A yA saMtApa evaM paritApa mata do-yahI dharma zuddha hai, nitya hai, dhruva hai zAzvata hai| isa dRSTi se samyaktva kA artha hai-ahiMsA, dayA, satya prabhRti sadguNoM para dRr3ha niSThA rakhanA aura unakA yathAzakti AcaraNa karane kA prayAsa krnaa| cAroM uddezakoM kA yaha krama niyukti evaM vatti meM bhI nirdiSTa hai aura yahI krama Aja bhI AcArAMga meM upalabdha hai| pAMcaveM adhyayana kA nAma lokasAra adhyayana hai| isameM chaha uddezaka haiM / isa adhyayana meM Adi, madhya aura anta meM 'AvantI' zabda prayukta huA hai, ataH isakA apara nAma 'AvantI' adhyayana bhI hai| isameM samagra loka ke sArabhUta tattva kA nAma dharma batAyA hai aura dharma kA sAra jJAna hai| jJAna kA sAra saMyama hai aura saMyama kA sAra mokSa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| . prathama uddezaka meM bhava-bhramaNa aura karmabaMdhana kA mUla kAraNa prANI-hiMsA batAyA hai| jo kisI prayojana se yA binA prayojana kI hiMsA karatA hai vaha vizva meM asIma duHkhoM kA anubhava karatA hai| hiMsAdika kA binA parityAga kiye koI bhI prANI saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra nahIM kara sktaa| dvitIya uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki isa virATa vizva meM jitane bhI prANI haiM ve sabhI jInA cAhate haiM, sabhI apane jIvana ko Anandamaya vyatIta

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68 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA karanA cAhate haiM, koI bhI maranA pasanda nahIM krtaa| ataH saccA zramaNa kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA na kare aura hiMsAjanya pApa se sadA alaga-thalaga rhe| tRtIya uddezaka meM sAdhaka ko yaha udbodhana diyA gayA hai ki sarvathA aparigrahI rahakara vaha apane vikAroM para vijaya prApta kre| bAhya-yuddha eka prakAra se anArya yuddha hai| usa yuddha se karmabandhana hotA hai / kintu vikAra Adi zatruoM ko jItanA yaha saccA yuddha hai aura yahI Arya yuddha hai| .. caturtha uddezaka meM zramaNa ke lie ekAkI vicaraNa varjanIya batAyA hai| jo vaya va jJAna kI dRSTi se aparipakva hai yA parISahoM ko sahana karane meM akSama hai use to ekAkI vicaraNa karanA hI nahIM cAhie kintu solaha barSa kI avasthA se Upara kA vyakti avasthA se vyakta hotA hai aura naveM pUrva kI tIsarI AcAra vastu ko jAnane vAlA jJAna se vyakta hotA hai| jo muni jJAna aura avasthA donoM se hI vyakta hotA hai vaha prayojanavaza akelA vihAra kara sakatA hai| paMcama uddezaka meM AcArya kI tulanA aise nirmala jalAzaya se kI gaI hai jo nirmala nIra se samasta jalacara jantuoM kI rakSA karatA huA samabhUmi meM avasthita hai| isI prakAra AcArya bhI jJAna evaM sadguNoM ke nIra se bhare hue upazAMta mana va indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane vAle prabuddha, tattvajJa hote haiM aura zruta se 'sva' aura 'para' kA kalyANa karate haiN| jo sAdhaka saMzaya rahita hokara sarvajJa dvArA prarUpita tatvajJAna ko satya samajhakara tadanusAra AcaraNa karatA hai vaha samAdhi ko prApta karatA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki-'he sAdhaka ! jise tU mArane yogya samajhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai / jise tU AjJA meM rakhane yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU paritApa dene yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU dAsa banAne yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| ataH na svayaM hanana karo na dUsaroM se krvaao|' spaSTa hai, kisI bhI prANI ke vadha, baMdhana va pIr3ana Adi kA ciMtana karanA vastutaH vaha svayaM kA vadha, bandhana va pIr3ana karanA hai| kisI ko kaSTa dene kA saMkalpa karanA bhI Atma-guNoM kA hanana karanA hai aura Atma-guNoM kA hanana karanA AtmaghAta ke tulya hai| chaThe uddezaka meM isa bAta para bala diyA gayA hai ki sarvajJa ke dvArA prarUpita saMyamadharma kA pAlana kara sAdhaka sarva karmabaMdhanoM ko naSTa kara detA hai evaM zuddha-buddha aura mukta ho jAtA hai|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 66 chaThe adhyayana kA nAma dhUta adhyayana hai| isake pA~ca uddezaka haiN| dhUta kA artha hai kisI bhI vastu para lage hue maila ko dUra kara use svaccha banAnA / prastuta adhyayana meM tapa-saMyama kI sAdhanA se AtmA para lage hue karmamala ko dUra karake AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko pragaTa karane kI prakriyA batAI hai| jaise sevAla se AcchAdita jalAzaya kA kachuA bAhara kI vastuoM ko va bAhara jAne ke mArga ko nihAra nahIM sakatA vaise hI mohAsakta vyakti satya mArga ko dekha nahIM sakatA aura na usa patha para cala hI sakatA hai| ataH sAdhaka ko moha evaM Asakti se sadA-sarvadA bacanA cAhie / dvitIya uddezaka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo sAdhaka parISahoM se bhayabhIta hokara sAdhutva evaM saMyama sAdhanA meM sahAyaka vastra, pAtra, kaMbala, pAdapoMchaNa, rajoharaNAdi dharmopakaraNoM kA parityAga kara dete haiM ve dIrghakAla taka paribhramaNa karate haiM kintu jo sAdhaka parISahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karate haiM aura saMyama sAdhanA meM tallIna rahate haiM ve nirvANa ko prApta hote haiN| tRtIya uddezaka meM sAdhaka ko yaha upadeza diyA hai ki dharmopakaraNoM ke atirikta jitane bhI anya upakaraNa haiM unheM karmabaMdhana kA kAraNa samajhe / sAdhaka ke antarmAnasa meM ye vicAra kabhI bhI udbhuta nahIM hone cAhie ki mere vastra jIrNa-zIrNa ho cuke haiM, aba mujhe nae vastra kI anveSaNA karanI cAhie yA suI aura dhAge se ina purAne vastroM ko sInA caahie| vaha to yaha cintana karatA hai ki ve mahApuruSa, jinhoMne nirvastra rahakara aura kaThina parISoM ko sahana kara lambe samaya taka sAdhanA kI thI mere Adarza haiM aura maiM bhI unhIM ke padacihnoM para calakara apanI sAdhanA ko nikhAra sktaa| bhayaMkara upasargoM ko sahana karate rahane se aura tapa se sAdhaka kI bhujAeM atyanta kuza ho jAyeM, mAMsa va rudhira svalpa mAtrA meM bhI na rahe; taba bhI vaha rAga-dveSa na kara samabhAva meM avasthita rahe tabhI vaha nirvANa ko prApta hotA hai / 1 caturtha uddezaka meM isa bAta para prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki jo zramaNa jJAna va kriyA donoM se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai vaha saMsAra meM binA patavAra kI naukA kI taraha bhaTakatA rahatA hai| ataH sAdhaka ko sadA jAgrata rahakara jJAna aura kriyA dvArA muktipatha para apane dRr3ha kadama bar3hAne caahie| paMcama uddezaka meM upadeSTA ke lakSaNoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA hai| ki upadeSTA ko kaSTasahiSNu, vedavid arthAt AgamajJAna meM niSNAta yA

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7. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pAraMgata honA caahie| sarvabhUtAnukaMpI vaha sampUrNa jIvanikAya kA zaraNabhUta ho| usakA upadeza kevala vyaSTi ke lie hI nahIM samaSTi ke lie hotA hai; jisameM jIvanotthAna ke zAzvata tattva nihita rahate haiN| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki upadeza dene vAle sAdhaka ko anya kI AzAtanA va avahelanA nahIM karanI caahie| jaise parAkramI yoddhA raNa-kSetra meM sabase Age rahakara zatruoM ke sAtha bhayaMkara yuddha kara vijaya prApta karatA hai vaise hI sAdhaka ko mahAn upasargoM ko sahana kara mRtyukAla sannikaTa Ane para pAdapopagamana Adi saMthArA kara, AtmA zarIra se pRthak na ho jAya taba taka Atmacintana meM sthirabhAva se rahanA caahie| sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma mahAparijJA athavA mahAparinnA adhyayana hai| yaha adhyayana vartamAna meM anupalabdha hai kintu isa para likhI huI niyukti Aja bhI upalabdha hai| isase yaha sahaja hI parijJAta hotA hai ki niyuktikAra ke sAmane yaha adhyayana thaa| niyuktikAra ne mahAparijJA ke mahA aura parijJA ina do padoM kA vizleSaNa karane ke sAtha parinnA ke prakAroM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki sAdhaka ko devAMganA, narAMganA va tiryacAMganA-ina tInoM kA mana, vacana aura kAyA se tyAga karanA caahie| yaha tyAga hI mahAparijJA hai / niyuktikAra ke zabdoM meM prastuta adhyayana kA viSaya hai-mohajanya parISaha athavA upsrg| isa para AcArya zIlAMka ne vRtti meM likhA hai ki saMyamI zramaNa ko sAdhanA meM vighna rUpa se utpanna hone vAle mohajanya parISahoM athavA upasagoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA caahie| strI-saMsarga bhI eka mohajanya parISaha hai; ataH usase dUra rahanA caahie| AcArAMga niyukti, vRtti va cUNi se yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki mahAparijJA adhyayana meM vividha maMtroM evaM mahattvapUrNa vidyAoM kA samAveza thA kintu pAramparika janazruti hai ki usameM aneka maMtra va viziSTa vidyAe~ thiiN| kahIM sAdhaka inakA durupayoga na kara de, ata: AcAryoM ne isa adhyayana kI vAcanA denA banda kara diyaa| phalasvarUpa yaha adhyayana zanaiH zanaiH lupta ho gyaa| hamane jise janazruti kahA hai vaha kevala kamanIya kalpanA kI ur3Ana 1. AcArAMga niyukti, prathama zrutaskandha, 60 se 68 taka

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 71 nahIM hai kintu aitihAsika satya-tathya hai| jaise, Arya vavasvAmI ne mahAparijJA adhyayana se AkAzagAminI vidyA upalabdha kI thii| AcArAMgaNi meM spaSTa likhA hai ki binA anumati ke mahAparijJA adhyayana nahIM par3hA jAtA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki mahAparijJA adhyayana meM kucha viziSTa bAteM thIM jinakA bodha pratyeka sAmAnya sAdhaka ke lie varjanIya thaa| AThaveM adhyayana ke do nAma upalabdha hote haiM-(1) vimokSa aura (2) vimoh| isa adhyayana ke ATha uddezaka haiN| prastuta adhyayana ke madhya meM "icceyaM vimohAyayaNaM" tathA "aNuputhveNa vimohAI" evaM anta meM vimohannabarahiyaM prabhRti padoM meM vimoha zabda kA prayoga huA hai| saMbhava hai isI dRSTi se prastuta adhyayana kA nAma vimoha adhyayana rakkhA gayA ho| vimokSa aura vimoha ina donoM zabdoM meM artha kI dRSTi se vizeSa antara nahIM hai| vimokSa kA artha hai-sabhI prakAra ke saMga se pRthaka ho jAnA aura vimoha kA artha hai moha-rahita honaa| ye donoM zabda isa adhyayana meM samasta bhautika saMsargoM ke parityAga ke artha meM vyavahRta hue haiN| prathama uddezaka meM zramaNoM ke lie yaha nirdeza hai ki apane se bhinna . AcAra va bhinna dharma vAle zramaNoM ke sAtha azana-pAna na kareM aura na vastra, pAtra, kambala, pAdapuMchaNa Adi kA AdAna-pradAna hI kareM / muni ke lie yaha kalpa nirdhArita hai ki vaha sArmika muni ko hI AhAra de aura le sakatA hai| sAmika pAzrvastha Adi zithilAcAra vAlA muni bhI ho sakatA hai kintu muni usako na to AhAra de sakatA hai aura na le sakatA hai| etadartha hI nizItha meM usake sAtha do vizeSaNa sAMbhogika aura samanujJa jor3e gaye haiN| kalpa maryAdA kI dRSTi se jisake sAtha AhArAdi kA sambandha hotA hai vaha sAMbhogika kahalAtA hai aura jisakI samAcArI samAna hotI hai vaha samanujJa hai| nizItha meM 3 anyatIthika, gRhastha, pAvastha Adi ko azana-vastra-pAtrakambala-pAyapoMchanAdi dene para prAyazcita kA ullekha kiyA hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM zramaNa ko yaha Adeza diyA hai ki vaha akalpanIya 1 (ka) Avazyaka niyukti-malayagiri vRtti 766, pR0 360 (kha) prabhAvaka caritra 148 gAthA 2 nisIhajjhayaNaM 144 . . 3 . 15276-67

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72 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vastu ko kisI bhI sthiti meM grahaNa na kre| yadi gRhastha aprasanna hokara tAr3ana-tarjana bhI kare va kaSTa bhI de to zramaNa ko use zAMtabhAva se sahana karanA caahie| / tRtIya uddezaka meM ekacaryA, bhikSulakSaNa Adi kA varNana karane ke bAda yaha kahA hai yadi kisI zramaNa ke zarIra-kaMpana ko nihAra kara kisI gRhastha ke antarmAnasa meM yaha zaMkA udbhUta ho ki yaha zramaNa kAmottejanA ke kAraNa kA~pa rahA hai to zramaNa ko samIcIna rUpa se usakI zaMkA kA nirasana karanA caahie| caturtha uddezaka meM eka zramaNa ke vastra-pAtrAdi kI maryAdA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sarvajJa dvArA pratipAdita sacelaka va acelaka avasthAoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka samyak prakAra se jAne aura smjhe| yadi aisI viSama paristhiti samutpanna ho jAya jisameM anukUla yA pratikUla parISaha upasthita hoM aura vaha unako sahana karane meM asamartha ho to prANoM ko nyauchAvara karake bhI saMyama kI rakSA karanI caahie| pAMcaveM uddezaka meM isa bAta para prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki do vastra evaM eka pAtradhArI, eka zATaka-dhArI yA acelaka sAdhaka samabhAva se parISahoM ko sahana kare / nAnAvidha abhigraha dhAraNa kara zramaNa sarvajJa dvArA prarUpita dharma ko samyaka prakAra se jAnakara apane abhigraha kA yathArtharUpa se pAlana kare aura anta meM samAdhipUrvaka prANoM kA tyAga kre|| chaThe uddezaka meM zramaNa ko yaha batAyA gayA hai ki yadi usane eka vastra aura eka pAtra rakhane kA abhigraha grahaNa kiyA hai to zIta Adi parISaha samutpanna hone para dUsare vastra, pAtra kI AkAMkSA na kre| sAdhaka yaha cintana kare ki maiM ekAkI hai| merA isa vizva meM koI bhI nahIM hai aura na maiM svayaM kisI kA hai| isa adhyayana meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki rasa kA AsvAdana na karate hue AhAra grahaNa kare aura use jaba yaha vizvAsa ho jAya ki saMyama sAdhanA, tapaH ArAdhanA va rogAdi ke kAraNa zarIra atyanta kSINa va azakta ho gayA hai to vaha nirdoSa ghAsa kI yAcanA kara ekAnta zAnta sthAna meM bhUmi kA parimArjana kara samAdhipUrvaka iMgitamaraNa kA varaNa kre| isa anazana meM niyata kSetra meM saMcaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai isalie ise itvarika kahA gayA hai| yahA~ para itvarika kA artha alpakAlIna nahIM hai| sAtaveM uddezaka meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki jo pratimAdhArI

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 73 acelaka zramaNa saMyama-sAdhanA meM sthita hai usake mAnasa meM yaha vicAra utpanna ho ki maiM tRNasparza, zIta, uSNa, DAMsa-macchara Adi ke parISahoM ko sahana karane meM to pUrNa samartha haiM para lajjA ko jItane meM asamartha haiM to usa sthiti meM kaTibaMdhana ko dhAraNa karanA kalpatA hai| AThaveM uddezaka meM paNDitamaraNa kA hRdayasparzI varNana hai| saMyama sAdhanA karate hue jaba sAdhaka kA zarIra nirbala ho jAya, svAdhyAya Adi karane kA sAmarthya bhI na rahe to use bAhya-AbhyaMtara granthiyoM kA parityAga kara anazana svIkAra karanA caahiye| bhaktapratyAkhyAna, iMgitamaraNa, pAdapopagamana ina tIna prakAra ke saMthAroM meM kramaza: sAdhaka ko jIvana aura maraNa donoM meM samAna rUpa se anAsakta rahakara na jIne kI abhilASA karanI cAhie aura na marane kii| sabhI prakAra kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika vRttiyoM ko avaruddha kara kevala AtmaramaNa karanA caahie| anazana kI avasthA meM jisa samaya kisI prakAra kA upasarga upasthita ho usa samaya sAdhaka ko samabhAva meM sthita rahakara karmoM kI nirjarA karanI caahie| yadi usa samaya cittAkarSaka ramaNIya bhogoM kA pralobhana bhI diyA jAya to bhI use vicalita nahIM honA caahie| naveM adhyayana kA nAma upadhAnazruta hai aura usake cAra uddezaka haiN| yaha saMpUrNa adhyayana gAthAtmaka hai| niyuktikAra ne upadhAna zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue batAyA hai ki takiyA dravya upadhAna hai jisase zayana karane meM suvidhA prApta hotI hai aura tapa bhAva upadhAna hai jisase cAritra pAlana meM sahAyatA prApta hotI hai| jaise zuddha jala se malina vastra zuddha hotA hai vaise hI tapa se AtmA nirmala banatI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra eka Adarza va mahAn zramaNa the| unakA vizuddha tapomaya jIvana hI zramaNa jIvana kA jvalanta Adarza hai| prathama uddezaka meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dIkSA se do varSa pUrva sacitta kA tyAga, dIkSA ke pazcAt vihAra, para-pAtra va para-vastra kA tyAga aura teraha mAha pazcAt devadUSya vastra kA parityAga batAyA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pUrva tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA kA nirvAha karane ke lie hI devadUSya vastra dhAraNa kiyA thA kintu 1 AcArAMga 87111 AyAro, pR0 264

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tex jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA zIta evaM daMzamazakajanya parISahoM se bacane ke lie unhoMne usakA kabhI upayoga nahIM kiyA / dvitIya aura tRtIya uddezaka meM yaha batAyA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kina-kina vikaTa saMkaTapUrNa kSetroM meM vihAra kara kaise-kaise sthAnoM para rahanA par3A aura vahAM kitane tathA kaise-kaise asahya evaM ghora parISaha unheM sahana karane par3e / caturtha uddezaka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ugra tapazcaryA kA varNana karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki ve bhikSA meM kisa prakAra kA rukSa aura nIrasa bhojana grahaNa karate the / bhagavAna ne kisa prakAra nirAhAra aura nirjala rahakara sAdhanA kI, isakA zabda-citra bhI upasthita kiyA gayA hai| anArya dezoM meM paribhramaNa karate samaya kisa prakAra ke bhISaNa upasarga sahana karane par3e, isakA bhI hRdayasparzI citra aMkita kiyA gayA hai| para bhagavAna kabhI bhI apane patha se vicalita nahIM hue| ve sadA sAdhanA ke patha para bar3hate hI rahe / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha meM nau adhyayana haiM aura unake 51 uddezaka haiN| mahAparijJA aura usake sAta uddezaka vilupta ho jAne se vartamAna meM prathama zrutaskandha ke ATha adhyayana aura 44 uddezaka haiN| dvitIya zrutaskandha AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha pA~ca cUlikAoM meM vibhakta hai / inameM se cAra cUlikAeM to AcArAMga meM haiM kintu pA~cavIM cUlikA atyadhika vistRta hone se AcArAMga se pRthak kara dI gaI, jo vartamAna meM nizIthasUtra ke nAma se upalabdha hai| naMdIsUtra meM nizItha kA nAma milatA hai kintu sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga evaM AcArAMga nirmukti meM isakA nAma AcArakalpa yA AcAraprakalpa milatA hai / AcArakalpa kI cAra cUlikAoM meM se prathama culikA ke sAta adhyayana aura paccIsa uddezaka haiN| prathama piMDeSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM nirdoSa AhAra pAnI kisa prakAra prApta karanA cAhie, bhikSA ke samaya zramaNa ko kisa prakAra calanA, bolanA va AhAra prApta karanA cAhie Adi kA varNana hai / piNDa kA artha AhAra hai / prastuta adhyayana meM apavAda mArga kA bhI ullekha huA hai| jaise--durbhikSa kI sthiti hai, muni kisI gRhastha ke ghara bhikSA ke lie gayA / gRhapati ne

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 75 muni ko AhAradAna diyaa| usa samaya anya aneka bhikSuoM ko jo agyatIrthI haiM, vahA~ para upasthita the unheM kahA-tuma yaha saba AhAra sAtha baiThakara khA lenA yA sabako bAMTa denaa| yaha niyama hai ki jaina zramaNa anya sampradAya ke sAdhuoM ko AhAra nahIM detA aura na unake sAtha baiThakara hI khAtA hai| kintu prastuta zrutaskandha meM aise apavAda kA bhI ullekha huA hai| yadi sabhI bhikSa cAheM to sAtha baiThakara khA leM aura sabhI yaha cAhate hoM ki apanA vibhAga unheM de diyA jAya to vaha unakA vibhAga unheM de detA hai| para yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki yaha apavAda mArga hai, utsarga mArga nhiiN| dUsare zayyaSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM sadoSa-nirdoSa zayyA ke sambandha meM arthAta AvAsa ke sambandha meM ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| tIsare iya'SaNA adhyayana meM calane kI vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai aura apavAda meM nadI pAra karate samaya nAva meM baiThane kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| pAnI meM calate samaya yA naukA se nadI ko pAra karate samaya pUrNa sAvadhAnI rakhane kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| yadi sannikaTa sthala mArga ho to jalamArga se gamana karane yA niSedha hai| cauthe bhASeSaNA adhyayana meM vaktA ke lie solaha vacanoM kI jAnakArI Avazyaka batAI gaI hai| bhASA ke vividha prakAroM meM se kisa prakAra kI bhASA kA prayoga karanA cAhie, kisake sAtha kisa prakAra kI bhASA bolanI cAhie, bhASA prayoga meM kina-kina bAtoM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA apekSita hai ? ina sabhI pahaluoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| . pAMcaveM vastraSaNA adhyayana meM zramaNa kisa prakAra vastra grahaNa va dhAraNa kare? jo zramaNa yuvaka ho, zakti sampanna ho, svastha ho use eka vastra dhAraNa karanA caahie| zramaNI ko cAra saMghAtiyAM rakhanI caahie| jinameM se eka do hAtha caur3I ho, 2 tIna hAtha caur3I hoM aura 1 cAra hAtha caur3I ho| zramaNa kisa prakAra ke vastra grahaNa kare, isa sambandha meM prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai-jaMgiya-U~Ta Adi ke Una se banA ho| bhaMgiya-dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM kI lAra se banA ho / sANiya-saNa (sana) kI chAla se banA 1 saM0 AcArya AtmArAma jI mahArAja : AcArAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, u05, sUtra 26, pR0 830-631 //

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76 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ho / posaga-tADapatra ke pattoM se banA ho| khomiya---kapAsa se banA ho evaM tUlakara-Aka Adi kI ruI se banA ho| zramaNa bahuta bArIka, sunahale, camacamAte hue evaM bahumUlya vastroM kA upayoga na kare / vinayapiTaka meM bauddha zramaNoM ke vastroM kA ullekha hai, para unake lie bahamUlya vastra lene athavA na lene ke sambandha meM koI niyama nahIM hai| kintu jaina zramaNoM ke lie bahumUlya vastroM kA upayoga spaSTa rUpa se niSedha kiyA gayA hai| chaThe pAtraiSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM pAtra-grahaNa kI vidhi batAI gaI hai / jo zramaNa yuvaka, balavAna va svastha haiM unheM eka pAtra rakhanA cAhie aura vaha pAtra alAvU (tumbA) kASTha va miTTI kA ho| sAtaveM avagrahaiSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM avagrahaviSayaka vivecana hai| avagraha kA artha hai kisI ke svAmitva kA sthAna / nirgrantha bhikSu kisI sthAna meM Thaharane ke pUrva usake svAmI kI anumati grahaNa kre| binA anumati ke vaha kisI ke makAna meM Thahara nahIM sktaa| yadi vaha aisA nahIM karatA hai to use corI kA doSa lagatA hai| yaha cUlikA gadyAtmaka hai| dvitIya cUlikA meM bhI sthAna, nizIthikA, Adi sAta adhyayana haiM aura unameM uddezaka nahIM hai| prathama adhyayana meM kAyotsarga Adi kI dRSTi se upayukta sthAna tathA dUsare adhyayana meM nizIthikA prApti ke sambandha meM sUcana kiyA gayA hai| tIsare adhyayana meM dIrghazaMkA va laghuzaMkA ke sthAna ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA hai| dIrghazaMkA va laghuzaMkA aise sthAna para karanI cAhie, jisase kisI prANI ke jIvana kI virAdhanA na ho| cauthe aura pAMcaveM adhyayana meM zabda aura rUpa ke prati rAga-dveSa na karane kA zramaNa ke lie vidhAna hai| tRtIya bhAvanA nAmaka cUlikA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pavitra caritra udakita hai / bhagavAna kA svarga se cyavana, garbhApahAra, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna evaM nirvANa kA varNana hai| sAdhanAkAla meM vighna Aye kintu kahA~kahA~ para bhagavAna kA vicaraNa huA aura kahA~-kahA~ kisa prakAra ke upasarga upasthita hue isakA isameM ullekha nahIM hai| para yaha satya hai ki mahAvIra kI jIvana-jhAMkI sarvaprathama isI Agama meM prApta hotI hai| usakA aitihAsika dRSTi se atyadhika mahattva hai| isameM pratyeka mahAvrata kI pAMca-pAMca bhAvanAoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta cUlikA meM 24 gAthAe~ haiM aura zeSa gadyapATha haiN|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 77 caturtha vimukti nAmaka cUlikA meM mamatvamUlaka AraMbha aura parigraha ke phala kI mImAMsA karate hue unase dUra rahane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| sAdhaka ko parvata ke samAna nizcala rahakara sarpa kI kaiMculI ke samAna mamatva ko utArakara pheMka denA caahie| isa cUlikA meM gyAraha gAthAe~ haiN| isa prakAra AcArAMga sUtra ke donoM zrutaskandhoM meM 25 adhyayana va 85 uddezaka haiN| hama pahale hI batA cuke haiM ki mahAparijJA nAmaka adhyayana lupta ho cukA hai ataH vartamAna meM AcArAMga ke 24 adhyayana va 78 uddezaka haiN| gomaTTasAra, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, aMgapaNNattI, rAjavAtika prabhRti digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM AcArAMga kA jo paricaya diyA hai usameM batAyA hai ki mana, vacana, kAya, bhikSA, iryA, utsarga, zayanAsana evaM vinaya ina ATha prakAra kI zuddhiyoM kA varNana hai| prastuta kathana AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrataskandha meM pUrNarUpa se ghaTita hotA hai| usameM AcAra ke pratyeka pahalU para prakAza DAlA gayA hai jaisA ki hama pUrva likha cuke haiN| upasaMhAra AcArAMga ke uparokta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki dvAdazAMgI kA yaha prathama aMga sarvAdhika prAcIna hai| isakI bhASA bhI pazcimI vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra 2500 varSa purAnI hai| isameM varNita AcAra mUlabhUta hai| anya graMthoM meM isI meM varNita AcAra kA vikAsa huA hai| isa aMga meM AcAra ke sAtha-sAtha dArzanika tathyoM kA nirUpaNa bhI sundara DhaMga se huA hai| zailI bhI sUtrAtmaka hai| isakI bhAvanA nAmaka tRtIya cUlikA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA caritra bhI varNita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna kA svargacyavana, garbhApaharaNa, janma, dIkSA, upasarga, kevalajJAna, nirvANa Adi kA varNana bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se huA hai| . .: isa prakAra AcAra aura ArAdhyadeva ke jIvana-caritra evaM dArzanika tathyoM ke nirUpaNa se zraddhA, tarka aura AcAra-dUsare zabdoM meM samyak darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI triveNI kA sundara saMgama AcArAMga meM haA hai|

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2. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra nAma-bodha prastuta Agama dvAdazAMgI kA dUsarA aMga hai| samavAyAMga, nandI aura anuyogadvAra meM isa Agama kA nAma 'sUyagaDI' upalabdha hotA hai / " niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu svAmI ne tIna guNaniSpanna nAma prastuta Agama ke batAye haiM / " 1- sUtagaDa - sUtakRta 2- suttakaDa sUtrakRta 3- sUyagaDa -- sUcAkRta Xiao prastuta Agama zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra se sUta - utpanna hai aura yaha grantha rUpa meM gaNadhara dvArA kRta hai isalie isakA nAma sUtakRta hai / sUtra ke dvArA isameM tattvabodha kiyA jAtA hai, etadartha isakA nAma sUtrakRta hai| isameM 'sva' aura 'para' samaya kI sUcanA kI gaI hai isalie isakA nAma sUcAkRta hai / jitane bhI aMga haiM unake artha rUpa ke prarUpaka bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM aura sUtra rUpa ke racayitA gaNadhara haiN| phira yaha jijJAsA sahaja hI udbhUta ho sakatI hai ki prastuta Agama ko hI sUtrakRta kyoM kahA hai ? isI taraha dvitIya nAma bhI sabhI aMgoM ke lie vyavahRta ho sakatA hai| uttara hai-prastuta Agama ke nAma kA artha kI dRSTi se tIsarA nAma AdhArarUpa hai / kyoMki prastuta 1 (ka) samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya 88 (kha) nandI sUtra 80 (ga) anuyogadvAra sUtra 50 2. sUtagaDhaM suttakaDaM sUyagaDhaM ceva goNNAI -sUtrakRtAMga niryuti gAthA 2

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana Agama meM sva-samaya aura para-samaya kI tulanAtmaka sUtratA ke artha meM AcAra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai, etadartha isakA sambandha sUcanA se hai| samavAyAMga aura nandI meM spaSTa nirdeza hai 'sUyagaDeNaM sasamayA sUijjati parasamayA sUijjati sasamayaparasamayA sUijjati / / ___ jo sUcaka hotA hai vaha sUtra kahalAtA hai / isa Agama meM sUcanAtmaka tattva kI pramukhatA hai, isalie isakA nAma sUtrakRta hai| ___kaSAya pAhuDa meM AcArya vIrasena ne likhA hai ki sUtra meM anya dArzanikoM kA varNana hai| isa Agama kI racanA kA mUla AdhAra yahI hai / ata: isakA nAma sUtrakRta rakkhA gayA hai / sUtrakRta kA anya vyutpatti kRta artha kI apekSA prastuta artha adhika saMgata pratIta hotA hai| suttagaDa aura bauddhoM kA suttanipAta ye donoM nAmasAmya kI apekSA adhika sannikaTa haiN| viSaya-vastu ___ samavAyAMga meM sUtrakRtAMga kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki isameM svamata, paramata, jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa Adi tatvoM kA vizleSaNa hai evaM navadIkSita zramaNoM kI AcaraNIya hita-zikSAoM kA upadeza hai| 180 kriyAvAdI matoM, 84 akriyAvAdI matoM, 67 ajJAnavAdI matoM evaM 32 vinayavAdI matoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra kula 363 matoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke do zrutaskandha haiN| prathama zrutaskandha meM 16 aura dvitIya zrutaskandha meM 7 adhyayana haiN| 33 uddezanakAla, 33 samuddezanakAla, 36 hajAra nandIsUtra meM kahA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM lokAloka, jIva, ajIva, svasamaya aura parasamaya kA nirdezana kiyA gayA hai aura kriyAvAdI akriyAvAdI prabhRti 363 pAkhaNDoM (matoM) para cintana kiyA gayA hai| digambara sAhitya aGgapaNNattI, jayadhavalA, dhavalA va rAjavAtika prabhRti meM jo sUtrakRtAGga kA paricaya diyA gayA hai vaha bahuta aMzoM meM zvetAmbara sAhitya se milatA-julatA hai| digambara paramparA ke pratikramaNa 1 (ka) samavAo, paiNNaga samavAo, sU06. (kha) naMdI sUtra 82 2. kaSAya pAhuDa, bhA0 1, pR0 134

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1. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA granthatrayI nAmaka grantha meM tevIsAe 'suyaDajjhANesu" pada prApta hotA hai| prastuta pada kI prabhAcanda kRta vRtti meM teIsa adhyayanoM ke nAma diye haiN| ve Avazyaka vRtti ke nAmoM ke sAtha milate-julate haiN| vargIkaraNa sUtrakRtAMga ko cUrNikAra ne caraNakaraNAnuyoga kI koTi meM rakhA hai| to AcArya zIlAMka ne use dravyAnuyoga meM / unakA yaha mantavya hai ki AcArAMga meM mukhya rUpa se caraNakaraNAnuyoga kA varNana hai aura sUtrakRtAMga meM dravyAnuyoga kA varNana hai| samabAyAGga aura nandIsUtra meM dvAdazAGgI kA jo paricaya diyA gayA hai vahA~ para 'evaM caraNakaraNaparUvatA' yaha pATha upalabdha hotA hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne caraNa kA artha zramaNa dharma aura 'karaNa' kA artha piNDa vizuddhi samiti Adi kiyA hai| 1 samae vedAlijje eto ubasamma itthiprinnaame| . . parayaMtara vIrathudI kusIlaparibhAsae viirie| dhammo ya amga magge samovasaraNaM tikAla gaMthahide / AdA tadityagAthA puNDarIko kiriyAThANe y|| AhAraya pariNAme paccakkhANa aNagAra guNakitti / .' suda atthaM NAlaMde suddayaDajjhANANi teviisN|| --pratikramaNa anyatrayI kI vRtti 2 samae veyAlIyaM uvasammapariNa thIpariNNA ya / nirayavibhatI vIratthuo ya kusIlANaM parihAsA // . vIriya dhamma samAhI maga samosaraNaM ahatahaM gNyo| jamaI taha gAhA solasamaM hoi ajjhayaNaM / / ... puNDarIya kiriyaTThA NaM AhArapariNNa paccakkhANa kiriyA y| aNagAra adda nAlaMda solasAI tevIsaM / / -Avazyaka sUtra, pR0 651-658 3 iha caraNANuoge Na adhikAro -sUtrakRtAMga cUNi, pR0.5 4 tatrAcArAMge caraNakaraNapradhAnyena vyAkhyAtam adhunA avasarAyAtaM dravyaprAdhAnyena sUtrakRtAkhyaM dvitIyamaMgaM vyaakhyaatumaarbhyte| -sUtrakRtAMga vRtti, patra 5 caraNam-vatazramaNadharma saMyamAcanekavidham / karaNam-piNDavizuddhisamityAdyanekavidham / -samavAyAMga vRtti, patra 102

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 81 cUrNikAra ne kAlikata ko caraNakaraNAnuyoga ke antargata ginA hai aura dRSTivAda ko dravyAnuyoga ke antargata mAnA hai|" dvAdazAGgI meM mukhya rUpa se dravyAnuyoga kA varNana dRSTivAda meM huA hai / anya ekAdaza aMgoM meM dravyAnuyoga kA varNana gauNa rUpa se huA hai / etadartha hI mukhyatA ko lakSya meM rakhakara cUrNikAra ne sUtrakRtAGga ko caraNakaraNAnuyoga mAnA hai / vRttikAra abhayadeva ne mukhya rUpa se isameM dravyAnuyoga kA varNana hone se ise dravyAnuyoga mAnA hai| isa prakAra cUrNikAra aura vRttikAra ne jo vargIkaraNa kiyA hai vaha sApekSa hai / dRSTivAda meM bhI gauNa rUpa se caraNakaraNAnuyoga Adi anuyogoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| prathama zrutaskandha prathama zrutaskandha kA prathama adhyayana samaya hai| usameM para samaya kA paricaya pradAna kara, usakA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ para parigraha ko bandha aura hiMsA ko vairavRtti kA kAraNa batAte hue para vAdiyoM kA paricaya diyA hai| isameM bhUtavAda, AtmAdvaitavAda, ekAtmavAda, dehAtmavAda, akArakavAda (sAMkhyavAda ), AtmasRSTivAda, paMcaskandhavAda, kriyAvAda, kartRtvavAda, zikavAda Adi kA paricaya pradAna kara ina sabakA nirasana kiyA hai / dvitIya adhyayana vaitAlika meM pArivArika moha se nivRtti, parISahajaya, kaSAyajaya Adi kA upadeza diyA gayA hai aura sUryAsta ke pazcAt sAdhaka ko vihAra karane kA niSedha kiyA hai tathA kAma, moha se nivRtta hokara AtmabhAva meM ramaNa karane kA upadeza pradAna kiyA hai| tIsare upasarga adhyayana meM anukUla va pratikUla parISaha kA varNana kara pratikUla parISaha kI apekSA anukUla parISaha adhika bhayAvaha hai yaha batAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI usa yuga kI vibhinna mAnyatAoM kA paricaya dekara kahA hai ki kitane hI sAdhaka jala se, kitane hI AhAra grahaNa karane se, kitane hI AhAra na karane se mukti mAnate haiN| Asila dvipAyana Adi RSi pAnI / adhyayana ke grahaNa karane va vanaspati kA AhAra karane se siddhi mAnate anta meM glAna sevA va upasarga sahana karane para bala diyA hai| 1 kAliyasuyaM caraNakaraNANuogo, isimAsiottarajjhayaNANi dhammANuogo, sUrapaNNattAdi gaNitANuogo, diTTivAo dabbANujogo ti / - sUtrakRtAMga cUNi, pR0 5

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52 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA strI-parijJA nAmaka caturtha adhyayana meM strI sambandhI parISahoM ko sahana karane kA upadeza pradAna kiyA gayA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM striyoM kI jo nindA kI gaI hai, vaha ekAMgI hai / vastuta: zramaNa ke pathabhraSTa hone kA mUla kAraNa usakI svayaM kI vAsanA hai| strI jisa prakAra puruSa kI vAsanA ko uttejita karane meM nimitta bana sakatI hai vaise hI puruSa bhI strI kI vAsanA ko uttejita karane meM nimitta bana sakatA hai| ata: zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ko satata sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| paJcama adhyayana kA nAma narakavibhakti hai| isake do uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM 27 gAthAe~ haiM aura dvitIya uddezaka meM 25 gAthAe~ haiN| naraka meM jIva ko kisa prakAra ke bhayaGkara kaSTa bhogane par3ate haiM, yaha batAyA gayA hai| jo hiMsaka haiM, asatyabhASI haiM, cora haiM, luTere haiM, mahAparigrahI haiM, asadAcArI haiM, unheM isa prakAra ke narakAvAsoM meM janma grahaNa karanA par3atA hai| ataH sAdhakoM ko una doSoM se bacanA caahie| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM hI paramparAoM meM narakoM kA varNana hai| yogasUtra ke vyAsa bhASya meM sAta mahAnarakoM kA varNana hai|' bhAgavata meM 28 naraka batAye gaye haiM / 2 bauddhagrantha suttanipAta ke 'kokAliya' nAmaka sutta meM 1 mahAkAla, ambarISa, raurava, mahAraurava, kAlasUtra, andhatAmisra, adhIci / ina narakoM meM jIvoM ko apane kRta kamoM kA kaTu phala prApta hotA hai aura vahA~ para jIvoM kI Ayu bhI lambI hotI hai| dekhie-yogadarzana, vyAsa bhASya : vibhUtipAva 26 naraka meM dIrghakAla taka karma ke phala ko bhogane ke pazcAt jIva kA vahA~ se chuTakArA hotA hai / ye naraka hamArI bhUmi aura pAtAla loka se nIce haiN| bhASya kI TIkA meM narakoM ke atirikta kumbhIpAkAdi kA bhI varNana hai| vAcaspati ne kumbhIpAkAdi kI saMkhyA aneka batAI haiM aura bhASyavArtikakAra ne ananta likhI hai| unameM prathama 21 narakoM ke nAma ye haiM-(1) tAmisra (2) aMdhatAmisra, (3) raurava, (4) mahAraurava, (5) kumbhIpAka, (6) kAlasUtra, (7) asipatravana, (8) sUkaramukha, (6) aMdhakUpa (10) kRmibhojana, (11) saMdaMza, (12) taptasUmi, (13) vajrakaNTaka, (14) zAlmalI, (15) vaitaraNI, (16) pUyoda, (17) prANarodha, (18) virAsana, (16) lAlAbhakSa, (20) sArameyAdana, (21) avIci, tathA ayaHpAna / -zrImadbhAgavata (chAyAnuvAda), pR0164, paJcamaskandha 26-5-36 ina narakoM ke atirikta kucha vyaktiyoM ke anusAra anya sAta naraka bhI haiM-(22) kSArakardama, (23) rakSogaNabhojana, (24) zUlaprota, (25) daMDazUla, (26) avaTanirodhana, (27) payovartana, (28) sUcImukha /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 83 narakoM kA varNana hai| yaha varNana prastuta adhyayana ke varNana se bahuta kucha milatA-julatA hai| abhidharmakoSa meM ATha narakoM ke nAma prApta hote haiN|' varNana ke sAtha hI zabdAvalI bhI bahuta kucha samAna hai| vIrastuti nAmaka SaSTha adhyayana meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vividha upamAe~ dekara stuti kI gaI hai| yaha mahAvIra kI sabase prAcIna stuti hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke guNoM kA hRdayagrAhI varNana hai| isameM mahAvIra ko hAthiyoM meM airAvaNa, mRgoM meM siMha, nadiyoM meM gaGgA aura pakSiyoM meM garur3a kI upamA dete hue loka meM sarvottama batAyA gayA hai| saptama adhyayana kuzIla viSayaka hai| isa adhyayana meM 30 gAthAe~ haiN| kuzIla kA artha anupayukta va anucita vyavahAra vAlA hai| jo sAdhaka asaMyamI haiM, jinakA AcAra vizuddha nahIM hai unakA paricaya prastuta adhyayana meM diyA gayA hai| cUrNikAra ne gauvatika-sampradAya, raNDadevatA-sampradAya (caNDIdevatA-sampradAya), vAribhadraka-sampradAya, agnihomavAdI va jala zaucavAdI sampradAyoM ko ginAyA hai| vRttikAra ne bhI inakI mAnyatAoM para prakAza DAlA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM tIna prakAra ke kUzIloM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai-(1) anAhAra saMpajjaNa-AhAra meM madhuratA paidA karane vAle namaka Adi ke tyAga se mokSa mAnane vAle, (2) sIodaga sevaNa-zItala jala ke sevana se mokSa mAnane vAle, (3) hueNa-homa se mokSa mAnane vaale| zAstrakAra ne anya dRSTAnta dekara ina matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha aura lobha kA anta karane vAlA hI mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| aSTama adhyayana vIrya se sambandhita hai| niyuktikAra ne vIrya kA artha sAmarthya, parAkrama, bala va zakti kiyA hai| vIrya aneka prakAra kA kahA hai| sUtrakAra ne akarmavIrya-paMDitavIrya, aura karmavIrya-bAlavIrya ye do prakAra batAye haiN| yahA~ para karma zabda pramAda evaM azIla kA sUcaka hai aura akarma zabda apramAda aura saMyama kA nirdezaka hai| jo loga prANiyoM ke vinAza ke jAtaka meM 8 naraka batAye haiM-(1) saMjIva, (2) kAlasutta, (3) saMghAta, (4) jAlaroruva, (5) dhUma, (6) roruva, (7) tapana, (8) pratApana avIci (530) / majjhimanikAya meM nArakoM ke vividha kaSToM kA varNana hai| -dekhie-bAlapaMDita susaMta 126

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA lie zastravidyA kA adhyayana karate haiM aura prANiyoM kI hiMsA ke lie maMtrAdika kA abhyAsa karate haiM, yaha karmavIrya hai| akarmavIrya meM saMyama kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| saMyama sAdhanA meM jyoM-jyoM vikAsa hotA hai tyoM-tyoM akSaya. sukha kI upalabdhi hotI haiM / 84 navama adhyayana kA nAma dharma hai| niyuktikAra ne kuladharma, nagara dharma, grAmadharma, rASTradharma, gaNadharmaM, saMghadharmaM, pAkhaMDadharma, zrutadharma, cAritradharma, gRhasthadharma, padArthadharma Adi vividha rUpa se dharma zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, para mukhya rUpa se dharma ke do prakAra haiM-laukika dharma aura lokottara dharma / prastuta adhyayana meM lokottara dharma kA nirUpaNa hai / zramaNadharma ke dUSaNarUpa kucha tathya isa prakAra prastuta kiye haiM : 1-asatya vacana 2- bahiddhA arthAt parigraha evaM abrahmacaryaM 3 --adattAdAna arthAt caurya 4 - vakratA arthAt mAyA-kapaTa parikuMcana-paliuMcaNa 5- lobha-bhajana- bhayaNa 6- krodha- sthaMDila- thaMDila 7- mAna ucchrayaNa-ussayaNa inake atirikta dhAvana, raMjana, vamana, virecana, snAna, daMtaprakSAlana prabhRti dUSita pravRttiyoM kA ullekha karate hue AhAra sambandhI dUSaNa batAye haiM jinakA bhikSu AcaraNa na kare / dazama adhyayana kA nAma samAdhi hai / samAdhi kA artha tuSTisaMtoSa pramoda aura AnaMda hai / bhadrabAhu ne samAdhi ke dravya-kSetra kAla aura bhAva ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra batalAye haiN| jina sadguNoM se jIvana meM samAdhibhAva aThakheliyA~ kare vaha bhAvasamAdhi hai / prastuta adhyayana meM bhAvasamAdhi para bala diyA gayA hai| kisI bhI vastu kA saMcaya na karanA, samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha Atmavat vyavahAra karanA kisI adatta vastu ko grahaNa na karanA aura pApa kArya se usI prakAra Darate rahanA jaise mRga siMha se DaratA hai / ekAdaza adhyayana kA nAma mArga hai| yahA~ para sAdhaka ko samAdhi ke lie jJAna, darzana, cAritra va tapomArga kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie, yaha upadeza diyA gayA hai|

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85 aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana dvAdazaveM adhyayana kA nAma samavasaraNa hai| yahA~ para devAdikRta samavasaraNa vivakSita nahIM hai| niyuktikAra ne samavasaraNa kA artha sammelana, milana va ekatra honA kiyA hai| cUrNikAra va vRttikAra bhI isa kathana kA samarthana karate haiN| prastuta adhyayana meM akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI, vinayavAdI aura kriyAvAdI ina cAra samavasaraNoM kA varNana kiyA hai| isameM ekAnta kriyAvAda va ekAnta jJAnavAda se mukti nahIM mAnI hai, kintu jJAna-kriyA ke samanvaya se mukti mAnI hai| niryuktikAra ne kriyAvAdI ke 180, akriyAvAdI ke 84, ajJAnavAdI ke 67 aura vinayavAdI ke 32 kula 363 bheda batAye haiM / ye bheda kina kAraNoM se hue haiM isa para niyuktikAra ne koI prakAza nahIM DAlA hai / trayodazaveM adhyayana kA nAma yathAtathya hai| isameM batAyA hai ki krodha ke duSpariNAma jAnakara ziSya ko pApabhIru, lajjAvAn, zraddhAlu, amAyI va AjJApAlaka honA caahie| madarahita sAdhanA karane vAlA sAdhaka hI saccA paNDita, saccA vijJa aura mokSagAmI hai / caturdazaveM adhyayana kA nAma grantha hai| niyuktikAra kI dRSTi se grantha kA sAmAnya artha parigraha hai| vaha bAhya va Abhyantara rUpa se do prakAra kA hai / bAhya grantha ke kSetra vAstu, dhana-dhAnya, jJAtijana, vAhana, zayana, Asana, dAsI dAsa vividha sAmagrI ye daza prakAra haiM / bAhya granthoM meM Asakti rakhanA parigraha hai / Abhyantara parigraha ke krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, sneha, dveSa, mithyAtva, kAmAcAra, saMyama meM aruci, asaMyama meM ruci, vikArI hAsya, zoka, bhaya, ghRNA ye caudaha prakAra haiN| jinheM donoM prakAra ke granthoM meM ruci nahIM hai aura jo saMyama mArga kI ArAdhanA karate haiM, ve sAdhaka haiN| sAdhaka ko prathama gurujana kA sahavAsa Avazyaka hai| aparigraha, brahmacarya, AjJApAlana aura apramAda sAdhanA ke pramukha aGga haiN| sAdhaka ko ina sadguNoM kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| paJcadazaveM adhyayana kA nAma AdAna yA AdAnIya hai| niryuktikAra kI dRSTi se prastuta adhyayana kI gAthAoM meM jo pada prathama gAthA ke anta meM AtA hai, vahI dUsarI gAthA ke Adi meM AtA hai / vRttikAra kA abhimata hai ki kucha loga prastuta adhyayana ko saMkalikA nAma bhI dete haiN| isake prathama padya kA antima vacana evaM

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86 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dvitIya padya kA Adi vacana zRGkhalA ke samAna jur3e hue haiM ata: isakA nAma saMkalikA athavA zRGkhalA hai| isa adhyayana meM yamaka alaMkAra kA prayoga huA hai ata: isakA nAma 'yamakIya' bhI hai-aisA vRttikAra kA kathana hai| prastuta adhyayana meM viveka kI durlabhatA, saMyama ke zreSTha pariNAma, saMyama mArga kI jIvana paddhati Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| SoDazaveM adhyayana kA nAma gAthA hai| gAthA kA artha niyuktikAra ne kiyA hai--jisakA madhuratA se gAna kiyA jA sake, vaha gAthA hai| jisameM artha kI bahulatA ho, baha gAthA hai yA chanda dvArA jisakI yojanA kI gaI ho vaha gAthA hai| isameM sAdhu ke mAhaNa, zramaNa, bhikkhU aura nirgrantha ye cAra nAma dekara usakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha dvitIya zrutaskandha ke sAta adhyayana haiN| bhadrabAhu ne niyukti meM ina sAta adhyayanoM ko mahAdhyayana kahA hai / vRttikAra kI dRSTi se prathama zrutaskandha meM jo bAteM saMkSepa meM kahI gaI haiM, unhIM bAtoM kA vistAra ina adhyayanoM meM hone se inheM mahA adhyayana kahA gayA hai| isakA prathama adhyayana puMDarIka hai / puMDarIka kA artha hai sau paMkhur3iyoM vAlA zreSTha zveta kamala / jaise eka vizAla puSkaraNI hai usameM cAroM ora sundara kamala ke phUla khila rahe haiN| una kamaloM ke madhya meM eka puMDarIka kamala khila rahA hai| vahA~ para pUrva dizA se eka vyakti aayaa| usane puNDarIka ko dekhakara kahA-maiM kuzala, paMDita, medhAvI aura mArgavida haiM ataH prastuta uttama kamala ko tor3akara prApta kara skNgaa| vaha puSkaraNI meM utarA aura kIcar3a meM phaMsa gyaa| na vaha punaH kinAre para A sakA aura na vaha puNDarIka ko pA sakA / isI prakAra pazcima, uttara va dakSiNa dizA se tIna vyakti aura Ae tathA puNDarIka ko prApta karane kI icchA se kIcar3a meM phaMsa gye| usa samaya eka nispRha saMyamI zramaNa vahA~ para aayaa| vaha cAroM vyaktiyoM ko kIcar3a meM phaMsA huA dekhakara cintana karane lagA-ye loga akuzala aura amedhAvI hai| kahIM isa prakAra kamala prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai ? vaha zramaNa puSkaraNI ke kinAre khar3e rahakara kahane lagA 'he kamala ! mere pAsa calA A' aura vaha kamala usake hAtha meM A gyaa| prastuta rUpaka kA sAra yaha hai, 'saMsAra puSkaraNI ke samAna hai| usameM karmarUpI pAnI aura viSaya-bhoga rUpI kIcar3a bharA huA hai| aneka janapada

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 87 cAroM ora khilate hue kamaloM ke sadRza haiN| madhya meM jo puNDarIka kamala khila rahA thA vaha rAjA ke sadRza hai| puSkaraNI meM praveza karane vAle cAroM puruSa tajjIvataccharIravAdI, paMcabhUtavAdI, IzvarakAraNavAdI aura niyativAdI haiN| kuzala zramaNa dharma rUpa hai, kinArA dharmatIrtha rUpa hai aura zramaNa dvArA kathita zabda dharmakathA sadRza hai aura puNDarIka kamala kA uThanA nirvANa ke samAna hai / jo sAdhaka anAsakta, nispRha va ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM ko jIvana meM mUrtarUpa dene vAle haiM, ve mokSa ko prApta karate haiM / dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma kriyAsthAna hai / kriyAsthAna kA artha hai pravRtti kA nimitta / pravRttiyoM ke aneka kAraNa hote haiM / prastuta adhyayana meM una pravRttinimitta kriyAsthAnoM para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai / kriyAsthAna- dharma kriyAsthAna aura adharmaMkriyAsthAna rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| Raftaareera ke arthadaNDa, anarthadaNDa, hiMsAdaNDa, akasmAtdaNDa, dRSTiviparyAsadaNDa, mRSA pratyayadaNDa, adattAdAna pratyayadaNDa, adhyAtma-pratyayadaNDa, mAna- pratyayadaNDa, mitradoSa-pratyayadaNDa, mAyA pratyayadaNDa, lobha-pratyayadaNDa, ye bAraha prakAra haiN| aura dharma kriyA-sthAna meM dharmahetupravRtti batAI gaI hai| hiMsAdi pravRtti jo kisI prayojana hetu kI jAtI hai vaha arthadaNDa hai / isameM svayaM kI jAti, svajana-parijana Adi ke nimitta sa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA kA samAveza hotA hai / binA kisI prayojana ke kevala svabhAva ke kAraNa yA manoraMjana kI dRSTi se kI jAne vAlI hiMsA anarthadaNDa hai / amuka vyakti ne yA prANI ne mere sambandhI ko mArA hai yA mAregA aisA socakara jo mAnava unheM mArane kI pravRtti karatA hai vaha hiMsAdaNDa kA bhAgI hotA hai| mRga Adi ko mArane kI dRSTi se bANAdi astra chor3A gayA - akasmAt vaha use na lagakara anya pakSI Adi ko laga gayA jisase usakA vadha ho gayA yaha akasmAtdaNDa hai / 1 tajjIvataccharIravAda evaM paMcabhUtavAda donoM meM antara yaha hai ki prathama ke mata se zarIra aura jIva eka hI haiM jabaki dUsare ke mata se jIva kI utpatti pA~ca bhUtoM ke sammizraNa se hotI hai| ve pA~ca bhUta ke atirikta chaThA jIva bhI mAnate haiN| vRttikAra ne isa vAdI ko sAMkhya likhA hai /

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dRSTi ke viparyaya ke kAraNa mitra ko zatru samajhakara use mAra dene kA nAma dRSTiviparyAsa hai / 85 svayaM ke lie yA svayaM ke parijanoM ke lie asatya bolanA, bulavAnA aura bolane vAle kA samarthana karanA mRSApratyayadaNDa hai / . isI prakAra taskara karma karanA, karavAnA aura karane vAle kA samarthana karanA adattAdAnapratyayadaNDa hai| nirantara cintA meM magna rahanA, aprasanna, bhayabhIta va saMkalpa-vikalpa meM DUbe rahanA, adhyAtmapratyayadaNDa hai / jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, jJAna, lAbha, aizvarya, prajJA, prabhRti ke mada se apane ko mahAna va dUsaroM ko hIna samajhanA mAnapratyayadaNDa hai / apane mitroM ko yA sannikaTa meM rahane vAle parijanoM ko kiMcit aparAdha para bhArI daNDa denA yaha mitradoSapratyayadaNDa hai / mAyAyukta anarthakArI pravRtti karanA mAyA pratyayadaNDa hai / lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara hiMsaka pravRtti meM ulajhane vAle lobhapratyayadaNDa ke bhAgI hote haiM / jo zanaiH-zanaiH vivekapUrvaka pravRtti karate haiM, jitendriya, aparigrahI, samiti guptidhAraka haiM vaha dharmahetuka pravRtti kriyAsthAna hai| yaha kriyAsthAna AcaraNIya hai| zeSa jo kriyAsthAna haiM ve hiMsApUrNa hone se anAcaraNIyatyAjya haiN| dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma AhAra parijJA hai| isa adhyayana meM AhAra kI vistRta carcA hai| isameM mAnava ke AhAra ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki usakA AhAra odana, kulmASa, zrasa evaM sthAvara prANI hai| parantu deva va nAraka ke AhAra kI carcA nahIM hai| niyukti aura vRtti meM oja AhAra, roma AhAra aura prakSepa AhAra ye AhAra ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM / taijasa 'va kArmaNa zarIra dvArA jo AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai use oja AhAra kahA hai / anya AcAryoM ke abhimatAnusAra jaba taka indriyA~, zvAsocchvAsa * evaM dravyamana kA nirmANa na huA ho taba taka kevala zarIra piNDa dvArA jisa AhAra ko grahaNa karate haiM vaha oja AhAra hai / roma rUpa grahIta AhAra roma AhAra hai / devoM meM aura nArakoM meM roma va oja AhAra hotA hai kavala ( prakSipta ) AhAra nahIM hotA /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 86 jina AhAra pudgaloM ko zarIra meM prakSipta kiyA jAtA hai vaha prakSepa AhAra hai| ise kinhIM granthoM meM kavala AhAra bhI kahA hai| banaspatiyA~-pRthvIyonika, vRkSayonika, aise mukhya do prakAra kI haiN| aura kitanI vanaspatiyA~ udakayonika bhI hai / zramaNoM ko saMyamapUrvaka AhAra grahaNa karane ke lie preraNA dI gaI hai| caturtha adhyayana kA nAma pratyAkhyAnakriyA hai| pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai-mUlaguNa va uttaraguNoM ke AcaraNa meM bAdhaka pravRttiyoM kA tyAga krnaa| prastuta adhyayana meM pratyAkhyAnakriyA pAparahita hone se Atmazuddhi meM mahAna sahAyaka hai / jo AtmA SaTakAya ke jIvoM ke vadha karane kA parityAga nahIM karatA hai vaha unake sAtha mitravat vyavahAra nahIM kara sktaa| usakI bhAvanA sarvadA sAvadyAnuSThAna rUpa rahatI hai| jaise eka hatyAre ke antarmAnasa meM yaha vicAra ubuddha huA ki mujhe amuka vyakti kI hatyA karanI hai, para abhI kucha samaya taka maiM ArAma kruuN| jaba samaya milegA taba usakA kAma tamAma kara duuNgaa| usa hatyAre ke mana meM sote-baiThate, calate-phirate hatyA kI bhAvanA hI rahatI hai va pratikSaNa karmabaMdhana hI karatA hai| usI prakAra jisane pratyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA hai, vaha SaTjIvanikAya ke prati hiMsaka bhAvanA rakhane ke kAraNa nirantara karmabandhana karatA rahatA hai / ataH sAdhaka ko maryAdita jIvana banAne ke lie pratyAkhyAna rUpa kriyA kI AvazyakatA para prakAza DAlA hai| pA~caveM adhyayana ke AcArazruta va anagArazruta ye do nAma upalabdha hote haiN| niyukti meM bhI ye do nAma milate haiN| AcAra kA samyak pAlana karane ke lie sAdhaka ko bahuzruta honA Avazyaka hai| binA bahuzruta hue sAdhaka AcAra aura anAcAra kA pRthakkaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| lokaaloka, jIva-ajIva, dharma-adharma, bandha-mokSa Adi nahIM hai yaha mAnyatA anAcaraNIya hai| anta meM zramaNa ko amuka-amuka prakAra kI bhASA na bolane kA bhI sUcana hai| chaThA adhyayana ArdrakakumAra kA hai| AIkakumAra Ardrakapura ke rAjakumAra the jo anArya deza meM thaa| eka bAra unake pitA ne rAjA zreNika ke 1 DA. jyotiprasAda jaina ne ArdrakakumAra ko IrAna ke aitihAsika samrATa kuruSa (I0 pU0558-530) kA putra mAnA hai-dekhie, bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR067-68, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, san 1961 /

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hai. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA liye bahamUlya upahAra bheje| usa samaya AIkakumAra ne bhI abhayakumAra ke liye upahAra bheje| punaH rAjagRha se bhI abhayakumAra kI ora se zramaNa paramparA ke kucha dhArmika upakaraNa bheje gye| unheM dekhate-dekhate Ardraka ko pUrvajanma kI smRti ho AI aura vaha nirgrantha pravacana kA zraddhAlu banakara dIkSita bhI ho gyaa| vahAM se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana ke liye rAjagRha kI ora vihAra kiyaa| unheM mArga meM vibhinna matoM ke anuyAyI mile| unhoMne ArdrakakumAra se dharma-carcAeM kI, ArdrakakumAra muni ne sabhI matoM kA khaNDana kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mata kA samarthana kiyaa| vaha bicAra-carcA kA prasaMga isa prakAra hai| sarvaprathama ArdrakakumAra muni kI gozAlaka se bheMTa ho gii| gozAlaka ne paricaya prApta kara kahA--ArdrakakumAra ! tuma mahAvIra ke pAsa jA rahe ho, yaha Azcarya hai| mahAvIra to asthira vicAra vAle haiM, kabhI kucha kahate haiM, to kabhI kucha / pahale ve akele rahate the, aba bhikSusaMgha se ghire rahate haiN| pahale ve mauna rakhate the, aba upadeza kI dhuna savAra ho gaI hai| pahale ve tapazcaraNa karate the aba pratidina bhojn| pahale ve rUkhA-sUkhA bhojana karate the aba sarasa bhojn| isa prakAra tumhAre mahAvIra kA jIvana virodhAbhAsoM meM parivyApta hai, ata: maiMne to unakA sahavAsa tyAga diyaa| __ Ardrakamuni--mahAvIra ke jIvana meM koI visaMgati nahIM hai| Apane mahAvIra ke jIvana-rahasya kA sahI DhaMga se nirIkSaNa nahIM kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ekAntabhAva trikAlavartI hai| ve rAga-dveSa se atIta haiM ata: sahasroM ke samudAya meM bhI ekAnta sAdhanA kara rahe haiN| bhagavAna pahale satya kI sAdhanA kara rahe the, taba unakI vANI mauna thI, aba unheM satya pratyakSa ho cukA hai, vahI satya vANI dvArA pragaTa ho rahA hai| bhagavAna sAdhanA kAla meM apUrNatA se pUrNatA kI ora prayANa kara rahe the| usa samaya koI unakA ziSya kaise banatA? aba ve pUrNatA meM sthita haiM, ataH apUrNa sAdhaka pUrNatA kA anugamana kara rahe haiN| isameM visaMgati kahA~ hai ? gozAlaka ne ArdrakakumAra ke samAdhAna para prAvaraNa DAlate hue kahA-tumhAre dharmaguru mahAvIra atibhIru haiM kyoMki jina atithi-grahoM aura ArAma-gRhoM meM bar3e-bar3e udbhaTa vidvAna parivrAjaka Thaharate haiM vahA~ mahAvIra nahIM Thaharate, socate haiM koI pratibhAsampanna bhikSu mujha se kucha pUcha na baitthe|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 11 Ardrakamuni--tumako mere dharmAcArya ke prabala prabhAva kA patA nahIM hai| ve niSprayojana koI kAma nahIM krte| ve vahIM Thaharate haiM jahA~ prayojana kI niSpatti ho| ve vahIM pratyuttara dete haiM jahA~ prayojana siddha hotA ho| isakA hetu bhIrutA nahIM varan pravRtti kI sArthakatA hai| gozAlaka -- jaise lAbhArthI vaNika kraya-vikraya kI vastu lekara mahAjanoM se samparka sUtra bar3hAtA hai vaise hI tumhAre mahAvIra bhI lAbhArthI vaNika haiN| Ardrakamuni-mahAvIra ko vaNik kI upamA denA sarvathA asaMgata hai| ve navIna karmoM kA saMvara karate haiM aura purAne karma-samUha kA kSaya karate haiM, vaNika-vyaktiyoM kI taraha ve hiMsAdi pApakRtyoM se caturgati bhramaNa kA lAbha bhI nahIM krte| unakA lAbha Adi-aMta se rahita hai| unakI tulanA vaNik ke sAtha karanA ajJAnatA kA paricAyaka hai| Ardrakamuni ke tarkapUrNa praznottaroM ko sunakara gozAlaka niruttara ho calA gayA / Ardrakamuni Age bar3he to bauddha-bhikSuoM se nimna vArtAlApa huaa| bauddhabhikSu---Ardraka ! tumane vaNik ke dRSTAnta se bAhyapravRtti kA khaMDana karake bahuta hI acchA kiyaa| hamArA bhI yahI siddhAnta hai ki bAhyapravRtti baMdha-mokSa kA pradhAna kAraNa nahIM, apitu antaraMga vyApAra hI usake mukhya aMga haiN| hamArI dRSTi se koI puruSa khalI-piNDa ko bhI puruSa mAnakara pakAye yA tumbe ko bAlaka mAnakara pakAye to vaha, puruSa aura bAlaka ke vadha kA hI pApa karatA hai| isI prakAra yadi koI vyakti pUruSa yA bAlaka ko khalI yA tumbA samajhakara bhedita karatA hai, yA pakAtA hai to vaha puruSa va bAlaka ke vadha kA pApa upAjita nahIM krtaa| hamAre matAnusAra vaha pakva mAMsa pavitra hai aura buddhoM ke AhAra-yogya hai| hamArI dRSTi se jo vyakti pratidina do hajAra snAtaka (bodhisatva) bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAtA hai, vaha devagati meM Aropya' nAmaka sarvottama deva hotA hai| Ardrakamuni-prANa-bhUta kI hiMsA karanA aura usameM pApa kA abhAva 1 sUtra0 vRtti thu0 2 a0 6 gA0 26 zIlAMkAcArya, pra0 zrI goDI jI pArzvanAtha jaina derAsara peDhI, bmbii| 2 dIghanikAya mahAnidAnasutta meM buddha ne, kAmabhava, rUpabhava, arUpabhava ye tIna prakAra ke bhava batAe haiM / arUpamava kA artha nirAkAra loka hai /

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62 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kahanA, saMyamI sAdhaka ke liye ayogya hai / jo isa prakAra kA upadeza dete haiM yA sunate haiM ve donoM hI ajJAna va akalyANa ko prApta karane vAle haiN| jinheM sthAvara aura jaMgama prANiyoM ke svarUpa kA jJAna hai, jo apramatta hokara saMyama va ahiMsA kA paripAlana karanA cAhate haiM, kyA ve isa prakAra kI bAta kaha sakate haiM ? mana se to bAlaka ko bAlaka samajhanA aura Upara se use tumbA kahanA, kyA yaha saMyamI puruSa ke yogya hai ? khUba hRSTa-puSTa bher3a ko mArakara, use acchI taraha se kATakara, usake mAMsa meM namakAdi DAlakara yA telAdi meM talakara tumhAre liye taiyAra karate haiM, usa mAMsa ko tuma khAte ho aura Upara se kahate ho-hameM pApa nahIM lgtaa| yaha kathana tumhAre kara svabhAva va rasa-lampaTatA kA dyotaka hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki koI anajAna meM bhI mAMsAdi kA sevana karatA hai to vaha pApArjana hI karatA hai| prANimAtra ke prati jinake antarmAnasa meM dayA kI bhAvanAeM aMgar3AiyA~ le rahI haiM, jo sAvadha kAryoM kA tyAga karate haiM, aise bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bhikSu, doSa kI AzaMkA se uddiSTa-bhojana grahaNa nahIM karate haiM, jisase sthAvara aura jaMgama prANiyoM ko kaSTa ho| saMyamI puruSa kA dharma-pAlana kitanA sUkSma hai| raktaraMjita hAtha vAlA vyakti, jo pratidina do hajAra snAtaka bhikSuoM ko bhojana khilAtA hai, vaha pUrNa asaMyamI hai| khUnI vyakti isa loka meM bhI tiraskRta hotA hai aura paraloka meM bhI zreSTha gati prApta nahIM krtaa| jisa vacana se pApottejanA hotI ho vaha vacana kabhI nahIM bolanA caahiye| Ardrakamuni ke akATya samAdhAnoM ke Age bauddhabhikSu niruttara ho gaye, to vedavAdI brAhmaNa Age bddh'e| vedavAdI-jo anudina do hajAra snAtaka brAhmaNoM ko bhojana khilAtA hai, vaha puNya kI rAzi ekatra kara deva-gati meM utpanna hotA hai-aisA hamArA vedavAkya hai| Ardrakamuni--mArjAra kI taraha ghara-ghara bhaTakane vAle, do hajAra snAtakoM ko jo khilAtA hai, vaha mAMsAhArI pakSiyoM se paripUrNa, tIvra vedanAmaya naraka meM jAtA hai| dayAdharma kA parityAga kara, hiMsA pradhAna dharma ko svIkAra karane vAlA, zIlarahita brAhmaNa ko jo khilAtA hai, vaha aMdhakAra

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 63 yukta naraka meM bhaTakatA hai| cAhe samrATa hI kyoM na ho, vaha svarga meM nahIM jA sktaa| Ardrakamani ke kaThora va spaSTa pratyuttara ko sunakara bedavAdI brAhmaNa bola nahIM ske| taba AtmAdvaitavAdI ne Ardrakamuni se kahA--- . AtmAdvaitavAdI'-Ardrakamuni ! ApakA aura hamArA dharma samAna hai| vaha bhUta meM bhI thA aura bhaviSya meM bhI rhegaa| Apake aura hamAre dharma meM AcAra-pradhAna zIla tathA jJAna ko mahattva diyA hai| punarjanma kI mAnyatA meM bhI kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai, kintu hama eka avyakta, lokavyApI, sanAtana, akSaya aura avyaya AtmA ko mAnate haiN| na usakA kabhI kSaya hotA hai aura na hrAsa hI hotA hai jala meM par3e aneka pratibimboM meM eka candra kI bhAMti saba bhUtagaNa meM nivAsa karane vAlA vaha AtmA eka hI hai| Ardrakamuni-yadi aisA hI hai, to phira brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura dAsa tathA kIr3e, paMkhI, sarpa, manuSya Adi meM bheda hI nahIM rahegA aura ve pRthak-pRthak sukha-duHkha bhogate hue isa vizva meM bhI kyoM bhaTakeMge? paripUrNa kaivalya se loka ko samajhe binA, jo dUsaroM ko dharmopadeza karate haiM ve apanA aura dUsaroM kA ahita hI karate haiN| paripUrNa kaivalya se loka-svarUpa ko samajhakara tathA pUrNajJAna se samAdhi-yukta banakara jo dharmopadeza karate haiM, ve svayaM kA bhI hita karate haiM aura anya kA bhii| he AyuSmAn ! yaha tumhArA buddhiviparyAsa hai jisake kAraNa tiraskAra yogya jJAna vAle AtmAdvaitavAdiyoM ko aura sampUrNa jJAna-darzanacAritra yukta jinezvara deva ko eka koTi meM rakha rahe ho| yaha sarvathA anucita hai| AtmAdvaitavAdiyoM ko parAsta kara Ardrakamuni Age bar3hane lage, to hastI-tApasoM se bheMTa ho gii| hastItApasa-hama varSa meM mAtra eka hI hAthI ko bANa se mArate haiM aura usase apanI AjIvikA calAte haiM, aisA karane meM hamArA prayojana anya aneka jIvoM kI rakSA karanA hai| 1 TIkAkAra AcArya zIlAMka ne (2 / 6 / 46) meM ise eka daNDI kahA hai| DA. harmana jekobI ne apane aMgrejI anuvAda (S.B.E., Vol. XIV, P.417 H) meM ise bedAntI kahA / TIkAkAra ne bhI agalI gAthA meM yahI artha svIkRta kiyA hai|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Ardrakamuni - varSa bhara meM eka hI prANI kI hiMsA karane vAle bhI sAdhu ahiMsaka nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ve prANivadha se sarvathA mukta nahIM hue haiN| hiMsA karate hue bhI unheM ahiMsaka mAnA jAya to phira gRhasthoM ko bhI ahiMsaka mAnanA hogA, kyoMki ve bhI apane kAryakSetra ke bAhara ke jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karate / sAdhu kahalAte hue bhI jo varSa meM eka bhI jIva kI hiMsA karate haiM, yA usa hiMsA kA samarthana karate haiM, ve anArya haiN| ve apanA hita nahIM kara sakate aura na kevalajJAna hI pA sakate haiM / 4 tathArUpa svakalpita dhAraNAoM kA anusaraNa karane kI apekSA jisa mAnava ne jJAnI kI AjJAnusAra mokSa mArga meM mana, vacana, kAyA se apane Apako sthita kiyA hai tathA jisane doSoM se apanI AtmA kA saMrakSaNa kiyA hai aura jisane saMsAra samudra ko tairane ke sAdhana prApta kiye haiM, vahI mAnava dUsaroM ko dharmopadeza de / isake pazcAt hastI-tApasoM ko niruttara karake Ardrakamuni bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa gye| bhagavAna ko vidhipUrvaka namaskAra karake svapratibodhita pA~caso taskaroM va tApasAdi ko dIkSA dekara unhIM ke supurda kiyaa|" sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma nAlaMdIya hai / nAlaMdA rAjagRha nagara kA hI eka vibhAga thA / vahA~ para prAyaH dhanakubera loga rahate the| lepa nAmaka gAthApati ne bhavana nirmANa se bacI huI sAmagrI se 'sesadaviyA' nAmaka udakazAlA kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| usa udakazAlA ke vizAla koNastha vanakhaMDa ke eka bhAga meM gaNadhara gautama ke sAtha pAzrvApatya peDhAlaputra kA madhura saMvAda huA aura peDhAlaputra gaNadhara gautama se pratibodha pAkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa cAturyAma dharma ko chor3akara paMca mahAvrata rUpa dharma ko svIkAra karatA hai / 1 Ardrakamuni ke samakSa gozAlaka Adi virodhI pakSoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana evaM siddhAnta para jo AkSepapUrNa prahAra kiye haiM-- unase patA calatA hai ki bhagavAna kI vidyamAnatA meM hI unake prati kitanI bhrAntiyA~ phailAI gaI thIM aura virodhI kitane AkSepa una para karate the| Ardrakamuni ne sabhI kA tarkasaMgata samAdhAna karake virodhoM kA parihAra kiyA /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 65 upasaMhAra isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM dArzanika carcAe~ atyadhika mahatvapUrNa huI haiM, sAtha hI AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM ko jIvana meM DhAlane evaM anya matoM kA parityAga kara zuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane kI mahattvapUrNa preraNA dI gaI hai| sAdhanA ke mahAmArga para bar3hate samaya aneka vighna, upasarga, anukUla yA pratikUla parISaha upasthita hoM taba bhI sAdhaka apane mArga se vicalita na ho-yaha isa Agama se dhvanita hotA hai| usa yuga kI jo dArzanika dRSTiyA~ thIM unakI jAnakArI bhI prastuta Agama se hotI hai / ataH aitihAsika, dArzanika va dhArmika sabhI dRSTiyoM se yaha Agama apanI anUThI vizeSatA rakhatA hai|

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3. sthAnAMga sUtra nAma-bodha sthAnAMga kA dvAdazAMgI meM tIsarA sthAna hai| yaha zabda sthAna aura aMga ina do zabdoM ke mela se nirmita huA hai| 'sthAna' zabda anekArthI hai| upadezamAlA meM sthAna kA artha 'mAna' arthAt parimANa diyA hai| prastuta Agama meM tattvoM ke eka se lekara daza taka kI parimANa-saMkhyA kA ullekha hai ataH ise sthAna kahA gayA hai| sthAna zabda kA dUsarA artha 'upayukta' bhI hotA hai| isameM tattvoM kA krama se upayukta cunAva kiyA gayA hai / ata: ise sthAna kahA gayA hai| sthAna zabda kA tIsarA artha 'vidhAnti sthala' bhI hai aura aMga kA sAmAnya artha vibhAga hai| isameM saMkhyAkrama se jIva, pudgala Adi kI sthApanA kI gaI hai ata: isakA nAma 'sthAnAMga' yA 'ThANAMga' hai| zailI sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga ina donoM AgamoM meM viSaya ko pradhAnatA na dekara saMkhyA ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| jIva, pudgala Adi viSayoM para vistAra se vizleSaNa na kara saMkhyA kI dRSTi se saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka prakAra se koza kI zailI meM prathita hai jo smaraNa rakhane kI dRSTi se bahuta hI upayukta hai| yaha zailI jainaparaMparA meM hI nahIM apitu vaidika evaM bauddha paraMparA meM bhI prApta hotI hai| mahAbhArata ke vanaparva, adhyAya 134 meM bhI prastuta zailI meM hI vicAra saMgrahIta kiye gaye haiM aura bauddha graMtha aMguttaranikAya puggalapati, mahAvyutpatti evaM dharma-saMgraha meM bhI yahI zailI dRSTigocara hotI hai| jainAgamoM meM tIna prakAra ke sthavira batAye haiN| unameM zruta sthavira ke lie 'ThANasamavAyadhare' yaha vizeSaNa batAyA hai| isase ThANAMga aura samavAyAMga kA kitanA mahatva hai, yaha sahaja hI spaSTa hotA hai|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 67 viSaya-vastu samavAyAMga va nandIsUtra meM ThANAMga kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki isameM svasamaya, parasamaya, sva-para ubhaya samaya, jIva-ajIva jIvAjIva, loka, aloka kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| padArtha kA dravya kSetra kAla aura paryAya kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| eka sthAna, do sthAna, yAvat daza sthAna se dazavidha vaktavyatA kI sthApanA kI gaI hai aura dharmAstikAya, Raftaar Adi dravyoM kI prarUpaNA bhI kI gaI hai| isameM eka zrutaskandha, daza adhyayana, ikkIsa uddezanakAla, ikkIsa samuddezanakAla, 52 hajAra pada saMkhyAta akSara, anaMta gama, anaMta paryAya tathA varNana kI dRSTi se asaMkhyAta trasa aura anaMta sthAvara kA nirUpaNa hai| vartamAna meM prastuta sUtra kA pATha 3770 zloka parimANa hai / hama pahale hI batA cuke haiM ki saMkhyA krama kI dRSTi se dravya, guNa, kriyA Adi kA prastuta Agama meM nirUpaNa hai| prathama prakaraNa meM eka dUsare meM do, tIsare meM tIna isa prakAra anukrama se aMtima prakaraNa meM dazavidha vastuoM kA varNana hai aura usI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para prakaraNoM kA nAmanirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jina prakaraNoM meM sAmagrI kA prAcurya ho gayA usa prakaraNa ke upavibhAga kiye gaye haiM / dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha ina tIna prakaraNoM ke cAracAra upavibhAga kiye gaye haiN| pA~caveM prakaraNa ke tIna upavibhAga kiye gaye haiN| zeSa sthAnoM ke upavibhAga nahIM kiye gaye haiM / kyA yaha Agama arvAcIna hai ? prastuta Agama meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt dUsarI se chaThI zatAbdI taka kI aneka ghaTanAeM AI haiN| jisase vidvAnoM ko yaha zaMkA ho gaI hai ki prastuta Agama arvAcIna hai| ve zaMkAe~ isa prakAra haiM (1) naveM sthAna meM godAsagaNa, uttarabalissahagaNa, uddehagaNa, cAraNagaNa, uDuvAtitagaNa, vissavAtitagaNa, kAmaDDhitagaNa, mANavagaNa aura koDitagaNa -- ina gaNoM kI utpatti kA ullekha kalpasUtra meM huA hai| ye sabhI gaNa mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt 200 se 500 varSa taka kI avadhi meM utpanna hue the / (2) sAtaveM sthAna meM jamAli, tiSyagupta, ASADha, azvamitra, gaMga, rohagupta, aura goSThAmAhila ina sAta nihnavoM kA varNana hai| inameM

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18 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA se prathama do ke atirikta zeSa pA~ca nihnava bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt tIsarI zatAbdI se lekara chaThI zatAbdI ke madhya meM hue haiN| uttara meM nivedana hai; jaina dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa the, ataH ve pazcAt hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kA sUcana kareM isameM koI Azcarya nahIM hai| jaise-navam sthAna meM AgAmI utsarpiNI kAla ke bhAvI tIrthakara mahApadma kA caritra diyA gayA hai| aura bhI aneka sthaloM para bhaviSya meM hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pahale Agama zruti-paramparA se cale A rahe the, una pAThoM kA saMkalana aura Akalana AcArya skandila aura devadhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke samaya lipibaddha kiye gaye the| usa samaya ve ghaTanAeM, jinakA ullekha prastuta Agama meM hai, ve bhaviSya meM hone vAlI ghaTanAe~ bhUtakAla meM ho cukI thiiN| ataH jana-mana meM bhrAnti utpanna na ho jAya isa dRSTi se AcAryoM ne bhaviSyakAla ke sthAna para bhUtakAla kI kriyA dI ho yA una AcAryoM ne usa samaya taka kI ghaTita ghaTanAe~ isameM saMkalita kara dI hoN| isa prakAra kI do-cAra ghaTanAe~ bhUtakAla kI kriyA meM likha dene mAtra se prastuta Agama gaNadharakRta nahIM hai, aisA kathana ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| daza sthAna prathama sthAna meM AtmA, anAtmA, bandha aura mokSa Adi ko sAmAnya dRSTi se eka-eka batAyA hai| guNa, dharma evaM svabhAva kI samAnatA ke kAraNa aneka bhinna-bhinna padArthoM ko eka kahA hai| dvitIya sthAna meM jIvAdi padArthoM ke do prakAra ginAye gaye haiN| jaiseAtmA ke siddha aura sNsaarii| dharma ke sAgAra aura anagAra, zruta aura cAritra baMdha ke rAga aura dveSa ye do prakAra, vItarAga ke upazAntakaSAya aura kSINakaSAya ye do prkaar| kAla ke utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI, rAzi ke jIva rAzi aura ajIva rAzi ye do prakAra batAye haiN| tIsare sthAna meM pUrva kI apekSA sthUladRSTi se ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| jaise-dRSTi tIna-(1) samyagdRSTi, (2) mithyAdRSTi, (3) mizradRSTi / veda tIna-(1) strIveda (2) puruSaveda (3) napuMsaka veda / loka tIna-(1) Urdhvaloka, (2) adholoka, (3) madhyaloka / AhAra tIna-sacitta, acitta aura mitha; Adi prakAra batAye gaye haiN|

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& aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana caturtha sthAna meM aneka caumaMgiyoM kA ullekha hai / AcArya zrAvaka Adi kA citraNa upamA se batAyA hai| jaise (1) khajUra - bAhara se mRdu aMdara se kaThora, (2) bAdAma - bAhara se kaThora andara se komala, (3) supArI - andara aura bAhara donoM ora se kaThora (4) drAkSA- bAhara aura andara donoM tarapha mRdu / cAra prakAra ke puruSa haiM :- (1) rUpavAna kintu guNahIna (2) guNavAna kintu rUpahIna (3) rUpa aura guNa donoM se hIna (4) rUpa aura guNa donoM se saMpanna / cAra prakAra ke kuMbha hai - (1) amRta kA kuMbha mukha para viSa (2) viSakuMbha mukha para amRta (3) viSakuMbha aura viSa kA Dhakkana ( 4 ) amRtakuMbha aura amRta kA Dhakkana / paMcama sthAna meM pA~ca bAtoM para prakAza DAlA hai| jaise jIva ke pA~caprakAra - ekendriya, beindriya, teindriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya viSaya pA~ca - zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza / indriyA~ pA~ca - zrotra, cakSu, ghrANa, rasana, sparza / ajIva ke pA~ca prakAra - dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura kAla / chaThe sthAna meM jIvAdi padArthoM kI chaH saMkhyA kA varNana hai| jaisepRthvI, ap, tejas, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa / lezyA chaha-kRSNa, nIla, kApota, tejo, padma aura zukla / sAtaveM sthAna meM sAta prakAroM kA varNana hai| jIva ke sAta prakAra -- sUkSma ekendriya, bAdara ekendriya, beindriya, teindriya, caturindriya, asaMjJI paMcendriya aura saMjJI paMcendriya / bhaya sAta - ihaloka bhaya, paraloka bhaya, AdAna bhaya, Akasmika bhaya, apayaza bhaya, AjIvikA bhaya, maraNa bhaya, Adi / AThaveM sthAna meM AtmA ke ATha prakAra - dravya, kaSAya, yoga, upayoga, jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura vIrya ATha mada jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, lAbha, tapa zruta, aizvaryaM / aSTa samiti - iryAsamiti, bhASAsamiti, eSaNAsamiti, AdAnanikSepaNAsamiti, paristhApanAsamiti, manasamiti, vacanasamiti, kAyasamiti, Adi / naveM sthAna meM no kI saMkhyA kA varNana hai| jaise--navatattva, cakravartI kI navanidhiyoM, puNya ke nava prakAra, Adi / dasaveM sthAna meM daza kI saMkhyA kA varNana hai| jaise--dharma ke daza prakArakSamA, nirlobhatA, Arjava, mArdava, lAghava, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, brahmacaryaM / daza prakAra ke sukha- zarIra kI svasthatA, dIrghAyu, ADhadyatA, zabda evaM rUpa

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Wan 100 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kA kAmasukha, iSTa gaMdha-rasa aura sparzarUpa-bhoga sukha, saMtoSa, AvazyakatA kI pUrti, sukhayoga, niSkramaNa, nirAbAdhasukha mokss| daza prakAra kI krodha kI utpatti ke kAraNa, daza Azcarya, Adi / upasaMhAra isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 'prastuta Agama meM sva-samaya para samaya va sva-para samaya donoM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi se jahA~ jIva meM ekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai vahA~ vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se usakI bhinnatA batAI gaI hai| saMgrahanaya ke anusAra caitanya guNa kI apekSA jIva eka hai| vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se hara eka jIva vibhedAtmaka hotA hai| jaise -- jJAna aura darzana kI dRSTi se use do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| utpAda, vyaya aura provya kI dRSTi se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| cAra gati meM paribhramaNa karane kI dRSTi se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| pAriNAmika Adi pA~ca bhAvoM kI dRSTi se use pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| saMsAra meM saMkramaNa ke samaya pUrva-pazcima uttara-dakSiNa Urdhva adho ina chaH dizAoM meM gamana karane kI dRSTi se chaH bhAgoM meM vibhakta kareM sakate haiM / syAd asti, syAd nAsti, syAd astinAsti, syAd avaktavya, syAd asti vaktavya, syAd nAsti avaktavyaM, syAd asti nAsti avaktavya isa prakAra saptabhaMgI kI dRSTi se vaha sAta bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ATha karmoM kI dRSTi se use ATha bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| nava padArthoM meM pariNamana karane kI apekSA se use nau bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, pratyeka vanaspati, sAdhAraNa vanaspati, dvIndriya, teindriya, caurindriya aura paMcendriya kI dRSTi se vaha daza bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / " isa taraha sthAnAMga meM pudgala Adi kI ekatva tathA do se daza taka kI paryAyoM kA varNana hai| paryAyoM kI apekSA se eka tattva anaMta bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho sakatA hai aura dravya kI apekSA se anaMta bhAga eka tattva meM samA sakate haiN| abheda aura bheda kI yaha vyAkhyA prastuta Agama meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / 1 kaSAyapAhuDa bhAga 1, pR0 123 0

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nAma-bodha 4. samavAyAMga samavAyAMga kA dvAdazAMgI meM caturtha sthAna hai / samavAyAMga vRtti meM likhA hai ki isameM jIva, ajIva Adi padArthoM kA pariccheda yA samavatAra hai aMtaH prastuta Agama kA nAma samavAya yA samavAo hai|' digaMbara grantha gommaTasAra ke abhimatAnusAra isameM jIva Adi padArthoM kA sAdRzya - sAmAnya se nirNaya liyA gayA hai ataH isakA nAma samavAya hai| viSaya-vastu naMdIsUtra meM samavAyAMga kI viSaya-sUcI isa prakAra prApta hotI hai :(1) jIva, ajIva, loka, aloka evaM sva-samaya para samaya kA samavatAra / (2) eka se lekara sau taka kI saMkhyA kA vikAsa / (3) dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kA paricaya | 3 1 samiti samyak avetyAdhikyena ayanamayaH paricchedo jIvAjIvAdi vividhapadArthasArthasya yasminnasau samavAyaH, samavayanti vA samavasaranti sammilanti nAnAvidhA AtmAdayo bhAvA abhidheyatayA yasminnasau samavAya iti / -- samavAyAMga vRtti, patra 1 2 "saMsaMgraheNa sAdRzyasAmAnyena aveyaMte jJAyante jIvAdipadArthA dravyakAlabhAvanAmAzritya asminniti samavAyAMgam / - gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, jIva prabodhinI TIkA, gA0 356 3 se kiM taM samavAe ? samavAe NaM jIvA samAsijjaMti, ajIvA samAsijjati, jIvAjIvA samAsijjati / sasamae samAsijjada, parasamae samAsijjai, sasamayaparasamae samAsijjai / loe samAsijjara, aloe samAsijjara, loyAloe samAsijjai / samavAe NaM emAiyANaM eguttAreyANaM ThANasayaM nivaDDhiyANaM bhAvANaM parUvaNA Aghavijjai / duvAlasavihassa ya gaNipiDagassa pallavagge samAsijjai / nandI, sUtra, 83

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102 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA samavAyAMga meM jo samavAya kI viSaya-sUcI dI gaI hai vaha isa -- prakAra hai (1) jIva, ajIva, loka, aloka, sva-samaya aura para samaya kA samavatAra / 1. 2 (2) eka se sau saMkhyA taka kA vikAsa / (3) dvAdazAMgI gaNipiTaka kA varNana / (4) AhAra (5) ucchvAsa (8) upapAta (6) cyavana ( 12 ) vidhAna (13) upayoga (16) kaSAya ( 17 ) yoni ( 20 ) gaNadhara (21) cakravartI ( 6 ) lezyA (7) AvAsa (10) avagAha (11) vedanA (14) yoga (15) indriya (18) kulakara (19) tIrthaMkara (22) baladeva - vAsudeva / donoM viSaya-sUciyoM kA adhyayana karane se yaha spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki nandI kI sUcI saMkSipta hai aura samavAyAMga kI vistRta hai| saMkSipta aura vistRta sUcI kI taraha Agama bhI saMkSipta aura vistRta ho jAtA hai / nandI aura samavAyAMga meM sau taka ekottarikA vRddhi hotI hai, aisA spaSTa nirdeza hai / kintu unameM anekottarikA vRddhi kA ullekha nahIM huA hai / naMdI cUrNa, naMdI hAribhadrIyA vRtti, naMdI malayagiri vRtti, ina tInoM meM bhI anekotarikA vRddhi kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| samavAyAMga kI vRtti meM AcArya abhayadeva ne anekottarikA vRddhi kA ullekha kiyA hai / unake abhimatAnusAra sau taka ekottarikA vRddhi hotI hai aura usake bAda anekottarikA vRddhi hotI hai / aisA jJAta hotA hai ki samavAyAMga ke vivaraNa ke AdhAra para vRttikAra ne yaha ullekha nahIM kiyA hai kintu jo samavAyAMga meM pATha milatA hai usake AdhAra se unhoMne yaha varNana kiyA hai / prathama prazna hai ki nandIsUtra meM jo samavAyAMga kA paricaya diyA gayA hai kyA usa paricaya se vartamAna meM upalabdha samavAyAMga bhinna hai ? dvitIya prazna hai ki jo vartamAna meM samavAyAMga kyA vaha devagaNI samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya sUtra 62 / ca zabdasya cAnyatra sambandhAdekottarikA anekottarikA ca tatra zataM yAvadekottarikA parato'nekottariketi / - samavAyAMga vRtti, patra 105

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 103 kSamAzramaNa kI vAcanA kA hai ? yadi hai to samavAyAMga ke donoM vivaraNoM meM antara kA kAraNa kyA hai ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki nandI meM samavAyAMga kA jo vivaraNa hai usameM antima varNana dvAdazAMgI kA hai| kintu vartamAna meM jo samavAyAMga hai usameM dvAdazAMgI se Age aneka viSaya pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM ata: nandIgata samavAyAMga ke vivaraNa se yaha AkAra kI dRSTi se bhinna hai| dvitIya prazna kA nizcita rUpa se uttara denA kaThina hai; tathApi yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AgamoM kI vAcanAe~ aneka haI haiM / AcArya abhayadeva ne samavAyAMga kI bRhad vAcanA kA ullekha apanI vRtti meM kiyA hai| isase yaha anumAna sahaja hI kiyA sakatA hai ki nandI meM jo samavAya kA paricaya diyA hai vaha laghu vAcanA kI dRSTi se diyA gayA ho| samavAyAMga ke parivadhita AkAra ke sambandha meM vijJoM ne do anumAna kiye haiN| ve anumAna kahA~ taka satya haiM yaha nizcita rupa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (1) vartamAna meM upalabdha samavAyAGga devadhigaNI kI vAcanA se pRthak hai| (2) yA dvAdazAMgI ke bAda ke aMza devadhigaNI ke saMkalana ke pazcAta isameM milAye gaye haiN| yadi prastuta samavAyAMga pRthak vAcanA kA hotA to isa sambandha meM kucha na kucha anuzruti avazya hI milanI cAhie thii| jaise-jyotiSkaraMDa grantha mAthurI vAcanA kA hai para samavAyAMga ke sambandha meM aisI koI anuzruti nahIM hai| ataH prathama anumAna ThIka nahIM hai| dUsare anumAna ke sambandha meM nivedana hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM kulakara aura tIrthaMkara Adi ke pUrNa vivaraNa ke lie samavAyAMga ke antima bhAga ko dekhane kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai|' isI taraha sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI baladeva-vAsudeva ke pUrNa vivaraNa ke lie samavAyAMga ke antima bhAga ko avalokanArtha sUcana kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki samavAyAMga meM jo pariziSTa bhAga haiM ve devadhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke samaya meM hI jor3e gaye haiN| 1 bhagavatIsUtra, za0 5, u05| 2 sthAnAMga, 6 / 16-20 /

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104 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA yaha eka anveSaNa kA viSaya hai ki devadhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne, jo AgamoM ke saMkalanakartA haiM, samavAyoga aura nandI meM samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa do prakAra se kyoM diyA hai ? pUrva pRSThoM meM hamane vibhinna vAcanAoM ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA hai| aneka vAcanAeM hone se aneka vAcanAntara bhI prApta hote haiN| saMbhava hai ki ye vAcanAntara vyAkhyAMza athavA pariziSTa milAne se hae hoN| vijJoM ne aisI kalpanA kI hai ki samavAyAMga meM dvAdazAMgI kA uttaravartI jo bhAga hai, vaha usakA pariziSTa hai| pariziSTa kA vivaraNa nandI kI sUcI meM nahIM diyA gayA hai aura samavAyAMga kI sUcI vistRta ho gaI hai| samavAyAMga ke pariziSTa bhAga meM 11 padoM kA jo saMkSepa hai vaha kisa dRSTi se isameM saMlagna kiyA gayA hai yaha bhI sudhI pAThakoM ke lie cintanIya prazna hai|' samavAyAMga kA vartamAna meM upalabdha pATha 1667 zloka parimANa hai| isameM saMkhyA kama se pRthvI, AkAza, pAtAla tInoM lokoM ke jIvAdi samasta tattvoM kA dravya-kSetra-kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se eka se lekara koTAnukoTi saMkhyA taka paricaya diyA gayA hai| isameM AdhyAtmika tatvoM, tIrthakara, gaNadhara, cakravartI aura vAsudevoM se sambandhita varNana ke sAtha bhUgola-khagola Adi kI sAmagrI saMkalita kI gaI hai| sthAnAMga ke samAna samavAyAMga meM bhI saMkhyA ke krama se varNana hai| kahIM kahIM para usa zailI ko chor3akara bhedAbheda kA varNana bhI kiyA hai| samavAyAMga meM dravya kI dRSTi se jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| kSetra kI dRSTi se loka, aloka, siddhazilA Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| kAla kI dRSTi se samaya, AvalikA, muharta Adi se lekara palyopama, sAgaropama, utsarpiNI, avasarpiNI aura pudgalaparAvartana evaM cAra gati ke jIvoM kI sthiti Adi para ciMtana kiyA hai| bhAva kI dRSTi se jJAna, darzana, bIrya Adi jIva ke bhAvoM kA varNana hai aura varNa gaMdha, rasa, sparza Adi ajIva bhAvoM kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| . samavAyAMga ke prathama samavAya meM jIva, ajIva Adi tattvoM kA pratipAdana karate hae, AtmA, loka, dharma, adharma Adi ko saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi se eka-eka batAyA gayA hai| usake bAda eka lAkha yojana kI laMbAI caur3AI 3 aMgasuttANi, bhA0 1, bhUmikA, pR0 40-44 /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 105 vAle jaMbUdvIpa, sarvArthasiddhi vimAna, eka sAgara kI sthiti vAle nAraka, deva Adi kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| dusare samavAya meM do prakAra ke daMDa-arthadaNDa, anarthadaNDa, do prakAra ke bandha-rAgabandha, dveSabandha / isa prakAra do-do vastuoM kA ullekha hai| tIsare samavAya meM tIna daNDa-mana, vacana aura kAyA, tIna zalya, tIna gaurava, tIna prakAra kI virAdhanA Adi kA varNana hai| cauthe samavAya meM cAra kaSAya, cAra dhyAna, cAra vikathA, cAra saMjJA, cAra bandha, cAra palyopama va cAra sAgaropama Ayu vAle nAraka aura devatAoM kA ullekha hai| pAMcaveM samavAya meM pAMca kriyA, pA~ca mahAvrata, pAMca kAmaguNa, pA~ca Asrava, pAMca saMvara, pA~ca samiti, pAMca astikAya Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| chaThe samavAya meM chaha lezyA, SaTjIvanikAya, chaha bAhyatapa, chaha AbhyaMtara tapa Adi kA ullekha hai| prastuta samavAya ke anta meM yaha batAyA hai ki svayaMbhU, svayaMbhUSaNa, ghoSa, sughoSa Adi 20 devoM ke vimAnoM kI utkRSTa sthiti chaha sAgaropama kI hai| ye deva chaha mahIne ke pazcAt bAhya va AbhyaMtara zvAsocchvAsa lete haiN| inheM chaha hajAra varSa vyatIta hone para AhAra kI icchA jAgRta hotI hai| sAtaveM samavAya meM sAta prakAra ke bhayasthAna, sAta samudghAta Adi kA varNana hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zarIra sAta rani (mUMDha hAtha) pramANa UMcA thA, aadi| AThaveM samavAya meM ATha mada sthAna, ATha pravacanamAtA, ATha samaya meM kevalI samudghAta, bhagavAna pArzva ke ATha gaNa aura ATha gaNadharoM kA ullekha hai| naveM samavAya meM nava brahmacarya gupti, AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke nava adhyayanoM kA nAma nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke zarIra kI U~cAI nava ratni (muMDha hAtha) pramANa thI, Adi / dasaveM samavAya meM jJAna vRddhi ke lie anukUla mRgazirA, ArdrA, puSya, pUrvAphAlgunI, pUrvAASAr3hA, pUrvAbhAdrapadA, mUlA, AzleSA, hasta aura citrA-- ina 10 nakSatroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, Adi /

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA gyArahaveM samavAya meM gyAraha upAsaka paDimAoM ke atirikta anya aneka vastuoM kA varNana hai / bArahaveM samavAya meM bAraha bhikSu pratimAoM ke atirikta anya aneka bAtoM kA ullekha hai / terahaveM samavAya meM naSTa hue prANAyupUrva kI teraha vastu aura teraha prakAra ke cikitsA - sthAnoM kA vizleSaNa hai / 106 caudahaveM samavAya meM 14 bhUtagrAma, 14 pUrva, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 14 hajAra zramaNa Adi kA varNana hai / paMdrahaveM samavAya meM vilupta hue vidyAnupravAda pUrva kI paMdraha vastuoM evaM anya viSayoM kA vizleSaNa hai / solahaveM samavAya meM AtmapravAdapUrva kI solaha vastuoM kA varNana hai| satrahaveM samavAya meM satraha prakAra ke maraNa va saMyama kA varNana hai / aThArahaveM samavAya meM zramaNoM ke aThAraha sthAnoM kA ullekha hai / unnIsaveM samavAya meM unnIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA gRhavAsa meM rahakara dIkSita honA batAyA hai| bIsaveM samavAya meM pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI 20 vastuoM para prakAza DAlA hai / ikkIsaveM samavAya meM 21 prakAra ke doSoM kA ullekha hai / bAisaveM samavAya meM dRSTivAda ke bAIsa sUtra, chinnachedanaya vAle 22 sUtra, AjIvika kI dRSTi se acchinnachedanaya vAle 22 sUtra, trairAzika kI dRSTi se 22 sUtra, caturnayaka sva-samaya kI dRSTi vAle 22 sUtra batAye gaye haiM / teIsaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna ajitanAtha Adi 23 tIrthaMkara pUrvabhava meM 11 aMgadhara, mAMDalika rAjA the / caubIsaveM samavAya meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ko devAdhideva kahA gayA hai| paccIsaveM samavAya meM pAMca mahAvratoM kI 25 bhAvanAoM Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / chabbIsaveM samavAya meM abhavya jIva kI mohanIya karma kI 26 prakRtiyA~ sattA meM mAnI gayI haiM / sattAIsaveM samavAya meM sAdhu ke 27 guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aTThAIsaveM samavAya meM mohanIya karma kI 28 prakRtiyA~ aura matijJAna ke 28 bhedoM para prakAza DAlA hai|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 107 untIsa samavAya meM 26 pApazruta batAye haiM aura ASAr3ha, bhAdrapada, kArtika, poSa, phAlguna aura vaizAkha ina chaha mahInoM ke 26 dina hote haiM yaha batAyA gayA hai| tIsaveM samavAya meM mahAmoha bandha ke 30 kAraNa Adi batAye gaye haiN| ikattIsaveM samavAya meM siddhoM ke 31 guNoM kA varNana hai| battIsaveM samavAya meM 32 yoga saMgraha aura 32 indra Adi batAye haiN| tetIsaveM samavAya meM 33 prakAra kI AzAtanA, cautIsaveM samavAya meM 34 atizaya, paiMtIsaveM samavAya meM tIrthaMkara kI vANI ke 35 atizaya batAye haiN| chattIsaveM samavAya meM uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayana, seMtIsaveM samavAya meM kuMthunAtha ke 37 gaNa, gaNadhara; ar3atIsaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna pArzva kI 38 hajAra zramaNiyA~, untAlIsaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna naminAtha ke 39 sau avadhijJAnI, cAlIsaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi kI cAlIsa hajAra zramaNiyA~ thIM, Adi batAye haiN| ikatAlIsaveM samavAya meM bhagavAta naminAtha kI 41 hajAra shrmnniyaaN| bayAlIsaveM samavAya meM nAma-karma ke 42 bheda aura bhagavAna mahAvIra 42 varSa se kucha adhika zramaNa paryAya pAlakara siddha, buddha, mukta hue| tetAlIsaveM samavAya meM karma vipAka ke 43 adhyayana, cavAlIsaveM samavAya meM RSibhASita ke 44 adhyyn| paiMtAlIsaveM samavAya meM mAnavakSetra, sImaMtaka narakavAsa, uDu vimAna aura siddhazilA ina cAroM ko 45 lAkha yojana vistAra vAlA batAyA hai| chiyAlIsaveM samavAya meM brAhmIlipi ke 46 mAtRkAkSara, seMtAlIsaveM samavAya meM sthavira agnibhUti ke 47 varSa taka grahavAsa meM rahane kA varNana hai| ar3atAlIsaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna dharmanAtha ke 48 gaNa, 45 gaNadhara kA, unacAsaveM samavAya meM teindriya jIvoM kI 46 ahorAtra kI sthiti, pacAsaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna munisuvrata kI 50 hajAra zramaNiyA~ thIM, Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ikyAvanaveM samavAya meM brahmacarya adhyayana ke 51 uddezanakAla aura bAvanaveM samavAya meM mohanIyakarma ke 52 nAma batAye haiN| apanaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 53 sAdhuoM ke eka varSa kI dIkSA ke pazcAt anuttara vimAna meM jAne kA varNana hai| cauvanaveM samavAya meM bharata aura airavata kSetroM

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108 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA meM kramazaH 54-54 uttama puruSa hue haiM aura bhagavAna ariSTanemi 54 rAtri taka chadmastha rahe / bhagavAna anaMtanAtha ke 54 gaNadhara the| pacapanaveM samavAya meM bhagavatI malli 55 hajAra varSa Ayu pUrNa kara siddha huii| chappanaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna vimala ke 56 gaNa va 56 gaNadhara the / sattAvanaveM samavAya meM malli bhagavatI ke 5700 manaHparyavajJAnI the| aThAvanaveM samavAya meM jJAnAvaraNIya, vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura antarAya ina pAMca karmoM kI 58 uttara prakRtiyA~ batAI haiN| unasaThaveM samavAya meM candrasaMvatsara kI eka Rtu 59 ahorAtri kI hotI hai| sAThaveM samavAya meM sUrya kA 60 muhUrta taka eka maMDala meM rahane kA ullekha hai| ikasaThaveM samavAya meM eka yuga ke 61 RtumAsa batAye haiM / bAsaThaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna vAsupUjya ke 62 gaNa aura 62 gaNadhara batAye haiN| vesaThaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke 63 lAkha pUrva taka rAjya siMhAsana para rahane ke pazcAt dIkSA lene kA varNana hai / causaThaveM samavAya meM cakravartI ke bahamUlya 64 hAroM kA ullekha hai| peMsaThaveM samavAya meM gaNadhara mauryaputra ne 65 varSa taka gRhavAsa meM rahakara dIkSA grahaNa kI / chayAsaThaveM samavAya meM bhagavAna zreyAMsa ke 66 gaNa aura 66 gaNadhara the aura matijJAna kI utkRSTa sthiti 66 sAgara batAI hai| sar3asaThaveM samavAya meM eka yuga meM nakSatramAsa kI gaNanA se 67 mAsa batAye haiN| 68veM samavAya meM dhAtakIkhaMDa dvIpa meM cakravartI kI 68 vijaya, 68 rAjadhAniyA~ aura utkRSTa 68 arihaMta hote haiM tathA bhagavAna vimala ke 68 hajAra zramaNa the| unahattaraveM samavAya meM mAnavaloka meM meru ke atirikta 66 varSa aura 67 varSadhara parvata haiN| sattaraveM samavAya meM eka mAsa 20 rAtri vyatIta hone para aura 70 rAtri avazeSa rahane para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne varSAvAsa kiyA, isakA varNana hai| paraMparA se varSAvAsa kA artha saMvatsarI karate haiN| ikahattaraveM samavAya meM bhagavAna ajita aura cakravartI sagara 71 lAkha pUrva taka gRhavAsa meM rahe aura phira dIkSita hue| bahattarabeM samavAya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI aura unake gaNadhara acalabhrAtA kI 72 varSa kI Ayu batAI hai aura 72 kalAoM kA bhI ullekha hai| tihattaraveM samavAya meM vijaya nAmaka baladeva 73 lAkha pUrva kI Ayu pUrNa karake siddha he| cauhattaraveM samavAya meM gaNadhara agnibhUti 74 varSa kA Ayu bhogakara siddha hue| picahattaraveM samavAya meM bhagavAna suvidhi ke 75 sau kevalI the, bhagavAna zItala

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 109 75 lAkha pUrva aura bhagavAna zAnti 75 hajAra varSa gRhavAsa meM rhe| chihattarakheM samavAya meM vidyutkumAra Adi bhavanapati devoM ke 76-76 bhavana batAye haiN| satahattarabeM samavAya meM samrATa bharata 77 lAkha pUrva taka kumArAvasthA meM rahe aura 77 rAjAoM ke sAtha unhoMne saMyama-mArga grahaNa kiyaa| aThahattaraveM samavAya meM gaNadhara akaMpita 78 varSa kI Ayu meM siddha hue| unAsIveM samavAya meM chaThI naraka ke madhyabhAga se chaThe ghanodadhi ke nIce ke caramAnta taka 76 hajAra yojana vistAra hai| assIveM samavAya meM tripRSTha vAsudeva 80 lAkha varSa taka samrATa pada para rhe| ikyAsIveM samavAya meM bhagavAna kunthu ke 81 sau manaHparyavajJAnI the| bayAsIveM samavAya meM 82 rAtriyA~ vyatIta hone para zramaNa mahAvIra kA jIva garbhAntara meM sAharaNa kiyA gyaa| tirAsIveM samavAya meM bhagavAna zItala ke 83 gaNa aura 3 gaNadhara the| caurAsIveM samavAya meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI 84 lAkha pUrva kI Ayu, bhagavAna zreyAMsa kI 84 lAkha varSa kI Ayu thii| RSabhadeva ke 84 gaNa, 84 gaNadhara aura 84 hajAra zramaNa the| picAsIveM samavAya meM AcArAMga ke 85 uddezanakAla batAye haiN| chiyAsIveM samavAya meM bhagavAna suvidhi ke 86 gaNa, 86 gaNadhara batAye haiM aura bhagavAna supAparva ke 86 sau vAdI the| sattAsIveM samavAya meM jJAnAvaraNIya aura antarAya karma ko chor3akara zeSa chaha karmoM kI 87 uttara prakRtiyA~ batalAI haiN| aThAsIveM samavAya meM pratyeka sUrya aura candra ke 88-88 mahAgraha batAye haiN| navAsIveM samavAya meM tRtIya Are ke 86 pakSa avazeSa rahane para bhagavAna RSabha mokSa padhAre aura bhagavAna zAnti ke 86 hajAra zramaNiyA~ thiiN| nabbeveM samavAya meM bhagavAna ajita aura bhagavAna zAnti ina donoM tIrthaMkaroM ke 60-60 gaNa aura 60-60 gaNadhara the| ikyAnaveveM samavAya meM bhagavAna kunthU ke 91 hajAra avadhijJAnI zramaNa the| 9kheM samavAya meM gaNadhara indrabhUti 12 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara mukta he| 13vaM samavAya meM bhagavAna candraprabha ke 63 gaNa aura 13 gaNadhara the aura bhagavAna zAnti ke 63 sau caturdaza pUrvadhara the| 14veM samavAya meM bhagavAna ajita ke 64 sau avadhijJAnI zramaNa the / 15veM samavAya meM bhagavAna zrI pArzva ke 65 gaNa aura 65 gaNadhara the aura bhagavAna kunthu kA 65 hajAra varSa kA Aya thaa| 66veM samavAya meM pratyeka cakravartI ke 96 koDa gA~va hote haiN| 97vaM samavAya meM ATha karmoM kI 97 uttara prakRtiyA~ haiN| iveM samavAya

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11. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA meM revatI se jyeSThA paryanta ke 19 nakSatroM ke 98 tAre haiN| 86veM samavAya meM meru parvata bhUmi se 16 hajAra yojana U~cA hai| 100veM samavAya meM bhagavAna pArzva kI aura gaNadhara sudharmA kI Ayu 100 varSa thii| sau samavAyoM kI saMkhyA ke bAda kramaza: 150-200-250-300-350400-450-500 yAvat 1000, 1100 se 2000 se 10000 se 1 lAkha se 8 lAkha aura karor3a kI saMkhyA vAlI vibhinna vastuoM kA unakI saMkhyA ke anusAra pRthak-pRthak samavAyoM meM saMkalanAtmaka vivaraNa diyA hai| koTi samavAya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIrthakara bhava se pahale chaThe poTrila ke bhava meM eka karor3a varSa kA zrAmaNya paryAya batAyA hai| usake pazcAt koTAkoTi samavAya meM bhagavAna RSabha se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bIca kA antara eka koTAkoTi sAgara batAyA hai| usake bAda dvAdazAMgI kA gaNipiTaka ke nAma se paricaya diyA hai| tatpazcAt samavasaraNa kA varNana, jaMbUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra kI utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI ke kulakaroM kA varNana hai aura vartamAna avasarpiNI ke kulakara aura unakI patniyoM kA varNana hai| tadanantara vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA saMkSepa meM mahattvapUrNa vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta unake mAtA-pitA, tIrthakaroM ke pUrvabhavoM ke nAma, unakI zivikAeM, janmasthaliyA~, devadUSya, dIkSA, dIkSA sAthI, dIkSAtapa, prathama bhikSA pradAna karane vAlA, prathama bhikSA va bhikSA meM milA haA padArtha, unake caityavakSa va unakI U~cAI, unake prathama ziSya va ziSyAe~-ina saba bAtoM ke saMbaMdha meM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva kA paricaya bhI diyA hai| prativAsudevoM ke nAma diye haiM, kintu unheM mahApuruSoM meM parigaNita nahIM kiyA hai| tatpazcAt jaMbUdvIpa ke airavata kSetra ke tIrthakara, bharata kSetra meM hone vAle AgAmI utsarpiNI kAla ke kulakara, airavata ke daza kulakara evaM bharata va airavata ke AgAmI utsarpiNI kAla meM hone vAle 24 tIrthakara, cakravartI, baladeva-vAsudeva ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI dI gaI hai aura prativAsudeva ke nAma nirdiSTa kiye haiN| sUtra ke anta meM prastuta sUtra kI saMkSipta viSaya sUcI bhI dI gaI hai| upasaMhAra isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki samavAyAMga meM jijJAsu sAdhakoM ke lie va anveSaNakartAoM ke lie aneka mahattvapUrNa tathyoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 111 vastu vijJAna, jainasiddhAnta va jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se yaha Agama atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| Adhunika cintaka samavAyAMga meM Aye hue gaNadhara gautama kI 92 varSa kI Ayu va gaNadhara sudharmA kI 100 varSa kI Ayu ko par3hakara yaha tarka prastuta karate haiM ki samavAyAMga kI racanA sudharmA ke mokSa jAne ke pazcAt huI hai| unake tarka ke samAdhAna meM hama yaha namra nivedana karanA cAheMge ki ina gaNadharoM kI sthiti ke sambandha meM kahIM bhrama na ho jAya ata: devadhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne saMkalana karate samaya isameM jor3A hai| zeSa samavAya to gaNadharakRta hI hai jaisA ki sthAnAMga ke paricaya meM hamane spaSTa kiyA hai|

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5. vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatIsUtra) nAmakaraNa dvAdazAMgI meM vyAkhyAprajJapti kA pAMcavAM sthAna hai| praznottara zailI meM likhA hone se prastuta Agama kA nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| samavAyAMga' aura nandI meM likhA hai ki vyAkhyAprajJapti meM 36 hajAra praznoM kA vyAkaraNa hai / digambara grantha tattvArthavArtika, SaTkhaMDAgama' aura kaSAyapAhuDa' meM likhA hai ki vyAkhyAprajJapti meM 60 hajAra praznoM kA vyAkaraNa (kathana) hai| isakA prAkRta nAma 'viyAhapaNNati' hai| pratilipikAroM ne vivAhapaNNati aura viyAhapaNNati diyA hai kintu vRttikAra AcArya abhayadeva ne viyAhapaNNati kA artha karate hue likhA hai ki gautamAdi ziSyoM ko unake praznoM ke uttara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne atyuttama vidhi se jo vividha viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA hai vaha sudharmAsvAmI dvArA apane ziSya jambU ko prarUpita kiyA gayA jisameM vizada vivecana kiyA gayA ho vaha vyAkhyA-prajJapti hai| 1 samavAyAMga, sUtra 63 / 2 nandI sUtra 55 / 3 tattvArthavArtika 1220 / 4 SaTkhaMDAgama, khaNDa 1, pR0 101 / 5 kaSAyapAhuDa, prathama khaNDa, pR0 125 / (ka) "vi-vividhA, A-abhividhinA, khyA-khyAnAni bhagavato mahAvIrasya gautamA dIn vineyAn prati praznita padArtha pratipAdanAni vyAkhyAH tAH prajJApyante, bhagavatA sudharmasvAminA jambUnAmAnamami yasyAm / " (kha) vivAha-prajJapti-arthAt jisameM vividha pravAhoM kI prajJApanA kI gaI hai vaha vivAhapaNNatti hai| (ga) isI prakAra 'vivAhapagNatti' zabda kI vyAkhyA meM likhA hai-vi-bAdhA prApti' arthAt jisameM nirbAdha rUpa se athavA pramANa se abAdhita nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai vaha vivAhapaNNatti hai|

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viSaya-vastu anya AgamoM kI apekSA prastuta Agama adhika vizAla hai| viSayavastu kI dRSTi se bhI isameM vividhatA hai| vizva vidyA kI aisI koI bhI abhidhA nahIM hai jisakI prastuta Agama meM pratyakSa yA parokSarUpa meM carcA na kI gaI ho| isa Agama ke prati janamAnasa meM atyadhika zraddhA rahI hai jisake phalasvarUpa vyAkhyAprajJapti ke pUrva bhagavatI yaha vizeSaNa prayukta hone lagA aura zatAdhika varSoM se to bhagavatI yaha vizeSaNa na rahakara svataMtra nAma ho gayA hai| vartamAna meM vyAkhyAprajJapti kI apekSA bhagavatI nAma adhika pracalita hai / 1: aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 113 samavAyAMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki aneka devatAoM, rAjAoM va rAjarSiyoM ne bhagavAna se nAnA prakAra ke prazna puuche| bhagavAna ne una sabhI praznoM kA vistAra se uttara diyaa| isameM svasamaya-parasamaya, jIva, ajIva, loka, aloka Adi kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| AcArya akalaMka 3 ke abhimatAnusAra prastuta Agama meM 'jIva hai yA nahIM' isa prakAra ke aneka praznoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya vIrasena kA kathana hai ki vyAkhyAprajJapti meM praznottaroM ke sAtha hI sAtha 66 hajAra chinachedanayoM" se jJApanIya zubha aura azubha kA varNana hai / prastuta Agama meM eka zrutaskandha, 101 adhyayana, 10 hajAra uddezanakAla, 10 hajAra samuddezanakAla, 36 hajAra prazna aura unake uttara, 288000 pada aura saMkhyAta akSara haiM / vyAkhyAprajJapti kI varNana paridhi meM anaMta gama, anaMta paryAya, parimita trasa aura ananta sthAvara Ate haiM / 1 mahAyAna bauddhoM meM prajJApAramitA jo grantha hai usakA atyadhika mahatva hai ataH aSTa prAhaMsikA prajJApAramitA kA apara nAma bhagavatI milatA hai / - dekhiye - zikSA samuccaya, pR0 104-112 2 samavAyAMga sUtra 93 / 3 tatvArthaM vArtika 1120 / 4 kaSAyapAhuDa, mA0 1, pR0 125 / 5. vaha vyAkhyA paddhati, jisameM pratyeka zloka aura sUtra kI svataMtra vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai aura dUsare zlokoM aura sUtroM se nirapekSa vyAkhyA bhI kI jAtI hai / vaha vyAkhyA paddhati chinnachedanaya ke nAma se pahicAnI jAtI hai|

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114 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vyAkhyAprajJapti ke adhyayana, zataka ke nAma se vizruta haiN| vartamAna meM isake 138 zataka aura 1925 uddezaka prApta hote haiN| prathama 32 zataka pUrNa svatantra haiN| 33 se 36 taka ke sAta zataka 12-12 zatakoM ke samavAya haiN| 40vAM zataka 21 zatakoM kA samavAya hai| 41vAM zataka svataMtra hai| kula milAkara 138 zataka hote haiN| inameM 41 mukhya tathA zeSa avAntara zataka haiN| zatakoM kA paricaya prathama zataka meM calana Adi daza uddezaka haiN| prArambha meM namaskAra maMtra, brAhmI lipi va zruta ko namaskAra karake maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai| praznotthAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gautama kA saMkSepa meM paricaya pradAna kiyA gayA hai| usake bAda calita Adi nau prazna, 24 daMDaka ke AhAra, sthiti, zvAsocchvAsa, kAla kA vicAra, AtmAraMbha Adi saMvRtta aura asaMvRtta anagAra aura asaMyata ke devagati kA kAraNa batAyA hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bhagavAna ne jIvoM ke chaha nikAya batAye haiN| unameM trasa nikAya ke jIva to pratyakSa haiN| aba vijJAna dvArA vanaspatikAya meM jIva pratyakSa mAnA jAne lagA hai| kintu pathvI, pAnI, agni aura vAyu ina cAra nikAyoM meM vijJAna dvArA jIva svIkRta nahIM hue haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pRthvI Adi jIvoM kA kevala astitva hI nahIM mAnA hai kintu inakA jIvanamAna, AhAra, zvAsa, caitanya-vikAsa, saMjJAe~ Adi viSayoM para bhI vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM kA kama se kama jIvanakAla aMtarmuhUrta kA hai aura utkRSTa jIvanakAla 22 hajAra varSa kaa| ye jIva nizcita krama se zvAsa nahIM lete| kabhI eka samaya meM aura kabhI adhika samaya meM inakA zvAsocchvAsa hotA hai| unameM AhAra grahaNa karane kI icchA hotI hai| ye pratipala, pratikSaNa AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| unameM caitanya ko pragaTa karane vAlI sparza indriya spaSTa hai kintu anya indriyA~ nhiiN|' jisa prakAra mAnava zvAsa lete samaya prANavAyu kA grahaNa karatA hai, vaise hI pRthvIkAya ke jIva zvAsa lete samaya vAyu ke sAtha hI pRthvI, pAnI, agni aura vanaspati ke pudgala bhI grahaNa karate haiN| 1 2 bhagavatI 131332 bhagavatI 6 / 34 / 253-254

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 115 pRthvI ke samAna pAnI, agni, vAyu aura vanaspatikAya ke jIva zvAsa lete haiM, nizvAsa chor3ate haiM aura AhArAdi grahaNa karate haiN| Adhunika vijJAna ne vanaspatikAya ke jIvoM para talasparzI anuzIlana va parizIlana kara unake rahasyoM ko pragaTa kiyA hai kintu pRthvI, pAnI, agni aura vAyu ke jIvoM para paryApta zodha nahIM huI hai| vanaspati krodha aura prema bhI pradarzita karatI hai / snehapUrNa sadvyavahAra se baha pulakita ho jAtI hai aura ghRNApUrNa durvyavahAra se vaha murajhA jAtI hai| vijJAna ke prastuta parIkSaNa kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke isa siddhAnta se samarthana hotA hai| unhoMne vanaspati meM daza saMjJAeM mAnI haiM; AhAra saMjJA, bhaya saMjJA, maithUna saMjJA, parigraha saMjJA, koSa saMjJA, mAna saMjJA, mAyA saMjJA, lobha saMjJA, lokasaMjJA aura oghasaMjJA / ina saMjJAoM kA astitva rahane se vanaspati Adi vahI vyavahAra aspaSTa rUpa se karatI haiM jo mAnava spaSTarUpa se karatA hai| isa prakAra aise saikar3oM viSaya prastuta Agama meM pratipAdita haiM, jinheM sAmAnya buddhi grahaNa nahIM kara sktii| kucha viSaya to Adhunika vijJAna meM bhI nUtana zodhoM dvArA grAhya ho cuke haiM aura anya viSaya Adhunika zodha kI pratIkSA meM haiN| isa zataka meM Age svakRta du:kha kA vedana, upapAta ke asaMyata Adi 13 bola, kAMkSA mohanIya Adi 24 daNDakoM ke AvAsa, sthiti Adi sthAna, sUryaloka, aloka, kriyA, mahAvIra aura rohaka ke praznottara, loka sthiti meM mazaka kA rUpaka, jIva aura pudgala ke sambandha meM sachidra naukA kA rUpaka jIvAdi kA gurutva-laghutva vicAra, sAmAyika Adi padoM ke artha, upapAta, viraha prabhRti aneka bAtoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya zataka meM zvAsocchavAsa kA vicAra, skandhaka parivrAjaka ke loka evaM maraNa sambandhI prazna aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA usakA samAdhAna va bhagavAna ke pAsa usakA pravajita honA, tuMgiyA ke zrAvakoM dvArA pApityoM se praznottara, samudghAta, sAta pRthbiyA~, indriyoM kA vicAra, udaka garbha vicAra, tiryaka-mAnuSI garbha, eka jIva ke pitA-putra kA utkRSTa parimANa Adi kA varNana hai| tRtIya zataka meM tAmalI tApasa kI utkRSTa tapaHsAdhanA kA varNana hai| camarendra ke pUrvabhava meM vaha pUrNa nAmaka tApasa thaa| usakA saudharma devaloka meM

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116 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jAnA aura zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM Akara apane prANoM ko bacAnA Adi kA varNana hai| kriyA, vicAra, anagAra vaikriya, lokapAla aura unake kAryo kA ullekha hai| caturtha zataka meM IzAna lokapAla, nairayika upapAta, lezyA, pada Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| pAMcaveM zataka meM nAradapUtra aura nirgranthI putra kA saMvAda Adi hai| chaThe zataka meM vedanA kA varNana hai| naraka meM mahAvedanA hone para bhI alpanirjarA hotI hai aura kitane hI sthAnoM meM alpavedanA hone para mahAnirjarA hotI hai| nirjarA ke lie kardamarAga aura khaMjanarAga ke vastra kA * udAharaNa diyA gayA hai / sUkhe ghAsa va agni aura tapta tave para jalabindu jaise kSaNamAtra meM naSTa ho jAtA hai vaise hI zramaNa ke karma saMyama sAdhanA va tapa rUpa agni se naSTa ho jAte haiN| alpavedana aura mahAnirjarA ke udAharaNa sahita caubhaMgI prastuta kI gaI hai| muharta ke zvAsocchvAsa aura kAlamAna kA AvalikA se utsapiNI avasapiNI taka varNana hai| sAtaveM zataka meM AhAraka, anAhAraka, karma kI gati, pratyAkhyAna ke bheda aura svarUpa, sAtA-asAtA ke bandha ke kAraNa, mahAzilA kaMTaka aura rathamUsala saMgrAma kA varNana, varuNanAga kA abhigraha aura divya devagati Adi kA varNana hai| AThaveM zataka meM pudgala, AzIviSa, jJAnalabdhi, zramaNopAsaka ke 46 bhAMge, zrAvaka aura AjIvika upAsaka ke sAtha tulanA, tIna prakAra ke dAna, AcArya Adi ke pratyanIka aura bandha Adi kA varNana hai| naveM zataka meM asoccA kevalI, gAMgeya aNagAra ke bhAMge, RSabhadatta aura devAnandA brAhmaNI aura jamAli ke bodha Adi kA varNana hai| dasaveM zataka meM dizA saMvRta adhikAra, uttara, antaradvIpa Adi kA varNana hai| gyArahaveM zataka meM zivarAja RSi kA ullekha hai jo hastinApura ke nivAsI the| unhoMne dizA-prokSaka tApasoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura Age calakara ve mahAvIra ke ziSya bane / sudarzana zreSThI ne kAla ke sambandha meM jijJAsAeM prastuta kI aura bhagavAna ne uttara diyaa| mahAbala kA aura AlaMbhikA ke isIbhadra putra kA varNana hai| aura parivrAjaka zramaNa bhagavAna mahA

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 117 vIra ke pAsa zramaNa banakara mokSa prApta karate haiM; isa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bArahaveM zataka meM zrAvastI ke zaMkha evaM pokkhalI zrAvakoM ke sAmUhika rUpa se khA-pIkara pAkSika pauSadha karane kA ullekha hai| zramaNopAsikA jayantI bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna karatI hai-'bhante ! jIva zIghra hI gurutva ko kaise prApta hotA hai ?' mahAvIra ne pharamAyA---'jayantI! prANAtipAta Adi 18 doSoM kA sevana karane se jIva gurutva ko prApta hotA hai aura usakI nivRtti se jIva laghutva ko prApta hotA hai|' jayantI-bhagavan ! mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA jIva ko svabhAva se prApta hotI hai yA pariNAma se ? mahAvIra-mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA jIva meM svabhAva se hotI hai, pariNAma se nhiiN| jayantI-bhante ! jIva sotA huA acchA hai yA jAgatA huA? mahAvIra-kitane hI jIvoM kA sonA acchA hai, aura kitane hI jIvoM kA jAganA acchA hai| jo jIva adhArmika haiM, adharma meM Asakta haiM unakA sonA acchA hai aura jo jIva dhArmika haiM unakA jAganA acchA hai, kyoMki dhArmika jAgakara dharma kI pravRtti karatA hai aura adhArmika jAgakara svayaM va dUsare jIvoM ke lie aisI pravRtti karatA hai jisase karmabandhana hotA hai aadi| rAjA udayana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kauzAMbI padhArane para atyanta AlhAda ke sAtha darzanArtha jAtA hai| isa zataka meM sAta pRthviyA~, pudgalaparAvartana para vicAra, rUpI-arUpI para cintana, loka va ATha prakAra kI AtmA kA varNana hai| . terahaveM zataka meM sAta pRthviyoM meM nAraka jIvoM kI utpatti, bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSI aura vaimAnika devoM kA varNana, nAraka kA AhAra, rAjA udayana kI dIkSA kA vicAra aura apane putra abhIcikumAra ke hitArtha kezI kA rAjyAbhiSeka, abhIcikumAra kA manomAlinya aura samrATa kUNika ke pAsa usakA gamana, abhIcikumAra kA zrAvaka dharma grahaNa va binA AlocanA kie maraNa jisase asura yoni meM utpatti Adi kA varNana hai| prastuta zataka meM bhASA, mana, kAya aura maraNa para cintana kiyA gayA hai aura karma prakRti, zramaNa kI vikriyA aura samuddhAta para prakAza DAlA hai|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA caudahaveM zataka meM bhAvitAtmA aNagAra devaloka meM utpanna hote haiM / nairayikoM kI gati, Ayubandha, gautama ko kevalajJAna kI prApti na hone para udAsI, bhagavAna kA AzvAsana, aMbaDa parivrAjaka kA varNana hai aura isI zataka meM kevalI ke jJAna kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| 118 pandrahaveM zataka meM gozAlaka kA vistAra se paricaya diyA gayA hai / gozAlaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvitIya varSAvAsa meM AtA hai aura chaha varSa taka bhagavAna ke sAtha eka grAma se dUsare grAma vicaraNa karatA hai| tila ke paudhe ko dekhakara vaha bhagavAna se jijJAsA prastuta karatA hai aura bhagavAna ke uttara ko sunakara vaha niyativAda kI ora AkarSita hotA hai| bhagavAna se vaha tejolezyA kI prApti kA upAya Adi pUchatA hai| usake antima jIvana kA bhI varNana yahA~ diyA gayA hai| solahaveM zataka meM adhikaraNa, jarA, zoka, avagraha, zakrendra kI bhASA, karma - kriyA vicAra, nirjarA ke kAraNa, gaMgadeva, svapna vicAra, upayoga, loka, afe indra, avadhijJAna, dvIpakumAra Adi kA varNana hai / satrahaveM zataka meM rAjA udAyI ke hAthI kA varNana hai| vaha marakara kahA~ jAyagA isakA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / kriyAoM para cintana karate hue batAyA hai ki kina jIvoM ko kitanI kriyAe~ lagatI haiN| odayika, kSAyopazamika Adi bhAvoM kA varNana hai| dharmI, adharmI aura dharmAdharmI kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki jisane pUrNa prANAtipAta Adi pApakarma kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai vaha dharmI hai, jisane pApakarma kA pratyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA hai vaha adharmI hai aura jisane kucha tyAga kiyA hai, kucha nahIM kiyA hai vaha hai / isI prakAra jIva ke paMDita, bAla aura bAlapaMDita bheda kiye haiM / zailezI prApta anagAra kI niSkaMpatA calane ke (kampana ke prakAra, saMvega Adi dharma kA antima phala mokSa batAyA hai| AtmA kI spRSTa kriyA ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki AtmA karma dvArA spRSTa kI jAtI hai / duHkha aura sukha AtmakRta haiM, parakRta hai yA ubhayakRta hai--isakA samAdhAna karate hue bhagavAna ne kahA- duHkha AtmakRta hai, parakRta nahIM aura na ubhayakRta hai| IzAnendra kI sudharmasabhA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura narakastha pRthvIkAyika, Urdhvaloka pRthvIkAyika, akAya, vAyukAya Adi jIvoM ke maraNa samudghAta kA varNana hai / isI prakAra nAgakumAra, suparNakumAra, vidyutakumAra, vAyukumAra aura agnikumAra jAti ke devoM kA varNana hai /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 116 aThArahaveM zataka meM jIva prathama hai yA aprathama, isa para vicAra karate hue 24 dause aura siddha jIvoM ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai| pazcAt zailezI Adi prathama haiM yA aprathama, yoga-upayoga Adi ke prathama aprathama aura carama va acarama ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA hai| zakendra kA pUrvabhava batAte hue kArtika zreSTha kA prasaMga diyA gayA hai| vaha tIrthaMkara munisuvrata ke samaya hue, unhoMne bhagavAna munisuvrata ke upadeza ko zravaNa kara vairAgya bhAvanA se utprerita hokara eka hajAra ATha zreSThiyoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI aura ugra tapa kara anta meM eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA se Ayu pUrNa kara za endra hue haiM / mAkaMdIputra sthaviroM se prazna karate haiM ki kyA pRthvIkAya ke jIva manuSya hokara mukta hoMge ? bhagavAna ne kahA hai ki ve mukta ho bhI sakate haiN| dravya aura bhAva bandha para cintana kiyA gayA hai, aura pApakarma ke bheda para bhI prakAza DAlA hai / prANAtipAta, pravRtti-nivRtti aura jIva, bhoga, kRtAdi yugmacatuSka, deva kI sundaratA-asundaratA, mahAkarma- alpakarma, vikurvaNA sarala yA ar, nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI dRSTi se gIle gur3a meM kitane varNaM, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza hote haiM, bhramara meM kitane varNa- gaMghAdi hote haiM ? paramANu aura skandha meM kitane varNAdi hote haiM Adi praznoM kA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai / kevalI bhagavAna yakSa se AveSTita hote haiM yA nahIM ? uttara meM batAyA hainahIM hote / upadhi ke karma, zarIra aura bAhya bhaMDamAtropakaraNa ye tIna prakAra batAye haiN| isI prakAra parigraha ke bhI tIna prakAra batAye haiN| mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yoga ko kisI padArtha meM sthira karanA praNidhAna hai, vaha 24 daMDakoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa para vicAra kiyA hai| maduka zrAvaka, jo bahuta hI pratibhAsampanna thA, jisake akATya tarkoM ne anya tIrthoM ko niruttara kara diyA thA, usakA ullekha hai / vaikriya se banAye hue hajAroM zarIra meM eka hI AtmA hotI hai| devAsura saMgrAma, sAdhu ke pA~va se yadi kurkuTa mara jAya to kitanI kriyAeM lagatI haiN| anya tIrthikoM se gautama kA saMvAda aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA gautama kI prazaMsA / gautama ke dvArA bhagavAna se yaha prazna ki paramANu pudgala ko chadmastha jAnatA hai yA nahIM ? bhavya dravya nairayika ke sambandha meM praznottara, bhAvitAtmA anagAra kI vaikika zakti, vAyu se paramANu spRSTa hai yA nahIM, mazaka vAyu se spRSTa hai yA nahIM Adi kI carcA kI gaI hai / somila brAhmaNa bhagavAna ke pAsa AtA hai, vaha yAtrA, yApanIya, avyAbAdha, prAsuka vihAra, 'sarisava' bhakSya yA abhakSya,

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120 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 'mAsa' bhakSya yA abhakSya, 'kulattha' bhakSya yA abhakSya, isa prakAra ke aneka prazna karatA hai| bhagavAna se samAdhAna pAkara vaha zrAvakadharma grahaNa karatA hai| .unnIsaveM zataka meM lezyA, garbha, pRthvIkAya ke jIva, apakAyAdi ke sAdhAraNa zarIra, sthAvara jIvoM kI avagAhanA, sUkSmatA, bAdaratA, vizAlatA batAte hue cakravartI kI dAsI kA dRSTAnta dekara yaha pratipAdana kiyA hai ki vaha 21 bAra kaThora zilA para majabUta patthara se pRthvIkAya ke piMDa ko pIsatI hai to kucha jIvoM kA patthara se sparza hotA hai, kucha kA nahIM hotA, kucha marate haiM, kucha nahIM marate, itanA sUkSma zarIra hotA hai pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM kaa| isake Age narayika ke mahAAsrava Adi catuSka va carama, parama nai rayika ke karma aura kriyA Adi, dvIpa-samudra, deva, AvAsa, jIva, nivRtti, Adi karaNa ke bheda, devoM kA AhAra Adi para cintana kiyA gayA hai| 6. bIsaveM zataka meM vikalendriya ke evaM paMcendriya ke zarIra, loka aura alokAkAza, paMcAstikAya ke abhivacana (paryAyavAcI) AtmapariNata dharma, pApa vRdayAdi, indriya, upacaya, paramANu, skandha ke varNa Adi kA varNana hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI dRSTi se paramANuoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura Age jIva utpatti ke pUrva AhAra grahaNa karatA hai yA pazcAt karatA hai| baMdha ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM, jIva ke prayogabandha, anantarabandha aura * paramparabandha aura usakA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| usake pazcAt karmabhUmi, akarmabhUmi meM utsapiNI aura avasarpiNIkAla ke sambandha meM prazna karane para pA~ca bharata, pAMca airavata meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI donoM kAla haiM kintu pA~ca mahAvideha kSetroM meM avasthita kAla batAyA hai| vahA~ para hamezA tIrthakara hote haiM jo caturyAma-dharma kA upadeza dete haiN| bharata meM 24 tIrthaMkara hote haiM, unameM prathama ATha aura antima ATha ke antarakAla meM kAlikata kA viccheda nahIM hotA kintu madhya ke sAta tIrthaMkaroM ke antarakAla meM kAlikazruta kA viccheda huA aura dRSTivAda kA viccheda to sabhI jinAntaroM meM huA hai| gautama ne bhagavAna se pUchA ki ApakA pUrvagata zruta aura tIrtha kitane kAla taka rahegA? bhagavAna ne pUrbagata zruta eka hajAra varSa aura tIrtha 21 hajAra varSa taka rahane kA btaayaa| tIrtha aura tIrthaMkara ke sambandha meM prazna kiyA gyaa| vidyAcAraNa aura jaMghAcAraNa .. muniyoM kI tIvragati kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sopakrama,

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 121 frepakrama AyuSya ke prakAroM para prakAza DAlA hai| naraka Adi sthAnoM meM eka samaya meM kitane jIva utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra jIvoM kI utpatti ke sambandha meM vividha bhaMgoM kI dRSTi se varNana kiyA gayA hai| ikkIsaveM zataka meM zAli, vrIhi, gehU~, yava ina dhAnyoM ke mUla meM jIva kahA~ se Akara utpanna hote haiN| isI prakAra skandha, tvacA, zAkhA, pravAla aura patra ke sambandha meM bhI prazna kiye gaye haiM aura anya vanaspatiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI / bAIsaveM zataka meM tAla, tamAla, Adi vRkSoM ke sambandha meM eka bIja vAle, bahuta bIja vAle, guccha, gulma, valli Adi ke sambandha meM nirUpaNa hai / teIsaveM zataka meM baTATA (AlU) Adi vanaspati ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| caubIsaveM zataka meM 24 daMDakoM ke upapAta, parimANa, saMhanana, U~cAI, saMsthAna, lezyA, dRSTi, jJAna-ajJAna, yoga, upayoga, saMjJA, kaSAya, indriya, samudghAta, vedanA, veda, AyuSya, adhyavasAya, anubandha aura kAya saMvedha ina bIsa dvAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| paccIsaveM zataka meM lezyA aura yoga kA alpabahutva kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt dravya ke jIva aura ajIva do bhedoM kA varNana hai / usake bAda saMsthAna, gaNipiTaka, alpabahutva, yugma aura paryAya, kAlaparyaMva, do prakAra ke nigoda, pA~ca prakAra ke nirgranthoM kA aura pA~ca prakAra ke saMyama kA 36-36 dvAroM se varNana kiyA hai| daza pratisevanA, daza AlocanA ke doSa, daza AlocanA yogya vyakti, daza samAcArI, daza prAyazcita aura bAraha prakAra ke tapa ke bhedoM kA vistRta varNana hai| isake pazcAt samuccaya bhavya, abhavya, samyagdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi Adi nAraka jIvoM kI utpatti Adi ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| chabbIsaveM zataka meM jIva ke lezyA bandha Adi kA vicAra kiyA hai| anantaropapanna, paramparopapanna, anantarAvagAr3ha paramparAvagAr3ha, anantarAhAraka, paramparAhAraka, anantaraparyApta, paramparaparyApta carama aura acarama Adi kA 24 daMDaka ke jIvoM meM bandha kahA gayA hai / sattAIsaveM zataka meM jIvoM ke pApakarma ke bandha para cintana kiyA gayA hai /

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122 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aTThAIsaveM zataka meM bhUtakAla ke bandhAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| untIsaveM zataka meM pApakarmoM ke vedana kA vivaraNa kiyA gayA hai| tIsaveM zataka meM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI ina cAra samavasaraNoM kA varNana hai| saMsAra ke sabhI jIva cAra samavasaraNa vAle haiN| lezyA yAvat upayoga vAle va 24 daMDaka ke jIva samavasaraNa va unake Ayu kA baMdha, bhavya aura abhavya kA varNana hai| ikattIsaveM zataka meM cAra yugma se naraka ke upapAta kA vivaraNa hai| battIsaveM zataka meM cAra prakAra ke kSudra yugma, narayikoM kA udvartana tathA utpatti, udvartanoM kI saMkhyA, maNDakapluti se udvartana lezyA aura yAvat zuklapakSa taka ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| tetIsaveM zataka meM bAraha avAntara zataka haiM jinheM bAraha ekendriya zataka ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| prathama ATha avAntara zatakoM ke 11-11 aura antima cAra ke 8-6 uddezaka kI gaNanA se isa tetIsaveM zataka meM kula 124 uddezaka haiM / pahale ekendriya zataka ke pahale uddezaka meM ekendriya ke pRthvI, apa, tejasa, vAyu aura banaspati ye pAMca bheda aura unake upabheda batAte hue unake karmaprakRtiyoM ke bandhana, vedana aura zeSa daza uddezakoM meM kramazaH anantaropapanna ekendriya, paramparopapanna ekendriya, anantarAvagAr3ha va paramparAvagAr3ha paMcakAya, anaMtara paryApta paJcakAya, parampara paryApta paJcakAya, anantarAhAraka aura paramparAhAraka paMcakAya, carama aura acarama paMcakAya Adi kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya ekendriya (avAntara) zataka meM kRSNalezyI, nIlalezyI, kApotalezyI, bhavasiddhika, kRSNalezyAyukta bhavasiddhika ekendriya, nIlalezyA, kApotalezyA ke sAtha abhavasiddhika ekendriya, kRSNalezyI, nIlalezyI aura kApotalezyI ekendriya abhavya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| cauMtIsaveM zataka meM bAraha avAntara zataka haiM aura prathama ATha avAntara zatakoM ke 11-11 uddezaka aura antima cAra avAntara zatakoM ke 6-6 uddezakoM kI parigaNanA se prastuta zataka meM kula 124 uddezaka haiN| prathama ekendriya zataka samuccaya meM anantaropapanna se acarama taka 11 uddezaka haiN| kRSNalezyI, nIlalezyI, kApotalezyI ekendriya, bhavasiddhika ekendriya, kRSNalezyI bhavasiddhika, nIlalezyAyukta, kRSNalezyA aura kApotalezyA

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 123 yukta mana kA vivecana hai| naveM avAntara zataka meM abhavasiddhika ekendriya, dasaveM avAntara zataka meM kRSNalezyI, gyArahaveM meM nIlalezyI, bArahaveM meM kApotazyAyukta abhavasiddhika kA varNana hai / paiMtIsaveM zataka meM prathama ekendriya mahAyugma zataka se lekara dUsarA, tIsarA yAvat bAraha ekendriya mahAyugma zataka taka bAraha avAntaraM zataka haiN| unameM prathama ke ATha avAntara zatakoM meM 11-11 uddezaka haiM aura anta ke cAra avAntara zatakoM ke 9 9 uddezaka haiN| isa taraha prastuta zataka ke kula 124 uddezaka haiM / prathama ekendriya mahAyugma avAntara zataka ke prathama uddezaka meM mahAyugma ke 16 bheda, unake hetu, kRtayugma, rAzirUpa, ekendriya kA upapAta, eka samaya ke upapAta, jIvoM kI saMkhyA, kRtayugma kRtayugma rAzi rUpa ekendriyoM ke ATha karmoM ke bandha, vedana, sAtA asAtAvedana, lezyAe~, zarIra ke varNa, anubandhakAla, sabhI jIvoM ke isa rAzi meM upapAta Adi 20 sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM prathama samayotpanna kRtayugmakRtayugma ekendriyoM ke upapAta va anubaMdha kA nirUpaNa hai / aprathama samayotpanna kRtayugma kRtayugma pramANa ekendriyoM ke upapAta kA carama samaya acarama samaya kRtayugma kRtayugma pramANa ke ekendriyoM kA upapAta prathama samaya, aprathamasamaya, prathama carama samaya, prathama acarama samaya, carama-acarama samaya, acarama- carama samaya, kRtayugma kRtayugma pramANa ekendriyoM ke upapAta kA varNana hai| isI taraha dvitIya se lekara bArahaveM avAntara zataka meM kramaza: kRSNalezyI, nIlalezyI, kApotalezyI, bhavasiddhika, kRSNalezyI bhavasiddhika, nIlezyI bhavasiddhika, kApotalezyI bhavasiddhika, abhavasiddhika kRSNa-nIlakApotI abhavasiddhika kRtayugma kRtayugma pramANa ekendriyoM ke utpAda kA pahale avAntara zataka ke sadRza varNana kiyA gayA hai| chattIsaveM zataka meM bAraha avAntara zataka aura unake 124 uddezaka haiN| ina bAraha avAntara zatakoM meM beindriya mahAyugma ke upapAta Adi kA varNana hai / etadartha ina zatakoM kA nAma beindriya mahAyugma rakkhA gayA hai| unameM se prathama ATha avAntara zatakoM ke 11-11 uddezaka haiM aura zeSa 4 ke - uddezaka haiN| ina saba avAntara zatakoM ke uddezakoM meM paiMtIsaveM zataka ke ekendriya mahAyugma avAntara zatakoM ke uddezakoM ke sadRza hI beindriyoM ke utpAda, anubandha aura lezyAoM ke kramazaH kRtayugma kRtayugma beindriyoM kA varNana hai /

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA tIsaveM zataka meM bAraha avAntara zataka aura 124 uddezaka haiM / prastuta zataka meM kRtayugma kRtayugma teiMdriya jIvoM ke upapAda Adi kA 35 veM zataka ke sadRza varNana hai / - 124 ar3atIsaveM zataka meM 12 avAntara zataka aura 124 uddezaka haiM / prastuta zataka meM 34 veM zataka ke sadRza kRtayugma kRtayugma caturindriyoM ke upapAdAdi kA varNana hai / 1 unacAlIsaveM zataka meM 12 avAntara zataka aura 124 uddezaka haiM / prastuta zataka meM bhI 34veM zataka ke sadRza asaMjJI paMcendriyoM ke upapAta Adi kA varNana hai / cAlIsaveM zataka meM 21 avAntara zataka haiM aura pratyeka zataka ke 11-11 uddezaka haiM / isa prakAra kula 231 uddezaka haiN| prastuta zataka meM saMjJI paMcendriya mahAyugmoM ke upapAta Adi kA varNana 34veM zataka ke saharA hI hai / ikatAlIsaveM zataka meM 116 uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM rAziyugma ke 4 bheda haiN| una bhedoM ke hetu, kRtayugma, rAzi pramANa 24 daMDakoM ke jIvoM 'ke upapAta, sAntara - nirantara upapAta, kRtayugma ke sAtha anya rAziyoM ke sambandha kA niSedha, jIvoM ke upapAta kI paddhati, hetu, AtmA kA asaMyama Adi kA varNana karane ke bAda salezya aura sakriya AtmA asaMyamI aura kriyArahita kI siddhi prabhRti viSayoM para vizleSaNa kiyA hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM yoja (jisa rAzi meM cAra kA bhAga dene para tIna zeSa rahe vaha yoja kahalAtI hai) rAzipramANa 24 daMDaka ke jIvoM kA upapAta, tRtIya uddezaka meM dvApara aura caturtha uddezaka meM kalyoja rAzipramANa 24 daMDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta ke saMbaMdha meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / pA~caveM uddezaka meM kRSNa lezyA vAle kRtayugmapramANa, chaThe meM kRSNalezyA vAle vyoja rAzi pramANa, sAtaveM meM kRSNalezyA vAle dvAparayugma pramANa aura AThaveM meM kRSNalezyA vAle kalyoja pramANa isa taraha 24 daMDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| naveM se bArahaveM uddezaka taka nIlalezyA vAle, terahaveM se solahaveM uddezaka taka kApotalezyA vAle, satrahaveM se bIsaveM uddezaka taka meM tejolezyA vAle, ikkIsaveM se caubIsaveM uddezaka taka meM padmalezyA vAle aura paccIsaveM se aTThAIsaveM uddezaka taka meM zuklalezyA vAle cAra rAziyugma

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 125 pramANa 24 daMDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta kA varNana hai| unatIsaveM se chappanaveM uddezaka meM cAra rAziyugma pramANa bhavasiddhika, satAvana se caurAsI taka ke uddezakoM meM cAra rAziyugma pramANa abhavasiddhika, pacyAsIveM se eksau bArahaveM uddezaka taka cAra rAziyugma pramANa samyagdRSTi bhavasiddhika, ekasau terahaveM se ekasau cAlIsaveM taka cAra rAziyugma pramANa mithyAdRSTi bhavasiddhika kRSNalezyA yAvat zuklalezyA vAle 24 daMDaka ke jIvoM ke upapAta kA varNana hai| 141 se 168 taka ke uddezakoM meM cAra rAziyugma pramANa kRSNapakSI aura 166 se 196 taka ke uddezakoM meM cAra rAziyugma pramANa zuklapakSI 24 daMDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta kA varNana hai| prastuta Agama kA mahatva isa prakAra bhagavatI (vyAkhyAprajJapti) sUtra meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke svayaM ke jIvana kA; unake ziSya, bhakta, gRhastha, upAsaka, anya tIthika aura unakI mAnyatAoM kA savistRta paricaya prApta hotA hai| Agama sAhitya meM gozAlaka ke sambandha meM jitanI prAmANika aura vistRta jAnakArI prastuta Agama meM hai utanI jAnakArI anya AgamoM meM nahIM hai| puruSAdAnIya bhagavAna pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM aura unake cAturyAma dharma ke saMbaMdha meM prastuta Agama meM yatra-tatra paricaya prApta hotA hai aura ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jJAna se prabhAvita hokara cAturyAma dharma ke sthAna para paMca mahAvrata rUpa dharma svIkAra karate haiN| sAtha hI isa Agama meM mahArAjA kUNika aura mahArAjA ceTaka ke bIca jo mahAzilAkaMTaka aura rathamUzala saMgrAma hae the una mahayuddhoM kA mArmika varNana vistAra se AyA hai| una donoM mahAyuddhoM meM kramaza: 54 lAkha aura 96 lAkha vIra yoddhA donoM pakSoM ke mAre gaye the| ikkIsa se lekara teIsaveM zataka taka vanaspatiyoM kA jo vargIkaraNa hai vaha bahuta hI adbhuta hai| jaina siddhAnta, itihAsa-bhUgola, samAja aura saMskRti, rAjanIti Adi para jo vizleSaNa huA hai aura vaha anupama hai| 36 hajAra praznottaroM meM AdhyAtmika tattva kI chaTA darzanIya hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se AjIvika saMgha ke AcArya maMkhalI gozAla, jamAli, ziva rAjarSi, skandaka saMnyAsI Adi prakaraNa atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| tattvacarcA kI dRSTi se jayantI, maduka zramaNopAsaka, roha anagAra, somila brAhmaNa, bhagavAna pAzva ke ziSya kAlAsabesIputta, tuMgiyA nagarI ke

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126 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA zrAvaka Adi prakaraNa bahuta hI mananIya haiN| gaNita kI dRSTi se pAzrvApattIya gAMgeya anagAra ke praznottara atyanta mUlyavAna haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne paMcAstikAya kA pratipAdana kiyaa| unameM dharmAstikAya, adharmArikAya aura AkAzAstikAya ye tInoM astikAya amUrta hone se adRzya haiN| jIvAstikAya amUrta hone se dRzya nahIM hai tathApi zarIra ke mAdhyama se pragaTa hone vAlI caitanya kriyA ke dvArA vaha dRzya hai| pudgalAstikAya, bhale hI vaha paramANu ho yA skandha, mUrta hone se dRzya hai / isa virATa vizva meM jo vividhatA dRSTigocara hotI hai vaha jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se hai| prastuta Agama meM jIva aura pudgala kA jitanA vizada vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai utanA prAcIna bhAratIya dharma va darzana granthoM meM anyatra dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| prastuta Agama se yaha bhI parijJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM aneka dharmasampradAya the kintu sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA utanI nahIM thii| eka dharma ke mAnane vAle muni aura parivrAjaka dUsare dharma ke mAnane vAle muniyoM va pari vrAjakoM ke pAsa jAne meM saMkoca kA anubhava nahIM karate the| ve eka dUsare se tatvacarcA bhI karate aura jo kucha upAdeya pratIta hotA use muktabhAva se svIkAra bhI krte| isameM aise aneka prasaMga haiM jinase usa yuga kI dhArmika udAratA kA sahI paricaya prApta hotA hai / prastuta Agama pratyeka adhyetA ke lie jJAnavardhaka, saMyama va samatA kI bhAvanA kA preraka hai| bhASA va zailI prastuta Agama kI bhASA prAkRta hai| usameM zaurasenI ke prayoga bhI kahIM-kahIM prApta hote haiM kintu dezI zabdoM ke prayoga yatra-tatra milate haiM / bhASA sarala va sarasa hai / aneka prakaraNa kathAzailI meM likhe hue haiN| jIvanaprasaMgoM, ghaTanAoM aura rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se kaThina viSayoM ko sarala karake prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mukhya rUpa se yaha Agama gadyazailI meM likhA huA hai| pratipAdya viSaya kA saMkalana karane kI dRSTi se saMgrahaNIya gAthAoM ke rUpa meM padyabhAga bhI prApta hotA hai| kahIM para svataMtra rUpa se praznottaroM kA krama hai to kahIM para kisI ghaTanA ke pazcAt praznottara Aye haiM / prastuta Agama meM dvAdazAMgI ke pazcAtvartI kAla meM racita rAjapraznIya, aupapAtika, praznavyAkaraNa, jIvAbhigama va nandIsUtra Adi ke nAmoM kA ullekha dekhakara aura una AgamoM kA viSaya kI dRSTi se sUcana dekhakara,

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127 aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana aitihAsika vidvAnoM kA yaha anumAna hai ki prastuta Agama una AgamoM ke bAda meM racA gayA hai kyoMki pUrvaracita hotA to uttaravartI racanAoM kA isameM kaise ullekha hotA aura unakI viSaya-vastu kI sUcanA isameM kaise hotI ? uttara meM hama yaha nivedana karanA cAheMge ki jo anya AgamoM kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai vaha Agama lekhana ke samaya devadhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne kiyA hai | Agama lekhana meM anukrama se Agama nahIM likhe gaye the| jina AgamoM ko pahale likhA thA aura usa viSaya kA varNana una AgamoM meM vistAra se ho cukA thA, una viSayoM kI punarAvRtti na ho isI kAraNa devaddhigaNI ne yaha upakrama kiyA thaa| isalie isakI mUlaracanA prAcIna hI hai| yaha gaNadharakRta hI hai / maMgalAcaraNa isa Agama meM sarvaprathama namaskAra mahAmaMtra se aura usake pazcAt 'namo baMbhIe livIe', 'namo suyassa' ke rUpa meM maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai / usake pazcAt 15 veM 17veM 23veM aura 26 veM zataka ke prAraMbha meM bhI 'namo suyadevayAe bhagavaIe' isa pada ke dvArA maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra chaha sthAnoM para maMgalAcaraNa hai| jabaki anya AgamoM meM eka sthAna para bhI maMgalAcaraNa nahIM milatA hai / prastuta Agama ke upasaMhAra meM " ikkacattAlIsaimaM rAsI jummasayaM samattaM" yaha samAptisUcaka pada upalabdha hotA hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isameM 101 zataka the kintu isa samaya kevala 41 zataka hI upalabdha hote haiN| samAptisUcaka isa pada ke pazcAt yaha ullekha milatA hai ki 'savvAe bhagavaIe aThatIsa sayaM sayANaM (138 ) uddesagANaM 1925 / saba zatakoM kI saMkhyA arthAt avAntara zatakoM ko milAkara kula zataka 138 hai aura uddezaka 1925 haiM / prathama zataka se battIsaveM zataka taka aura ikatAlIsaveM zataka meM koI avAntara zataka nahIM hai / 33veM zataka se 36 veM zataka taka jo 7 zataka haiM inameM 12-12 avAntara zataka haiM / 40 ve zataka meM 21 avAntara zataka haiN| ata: ina ATha zatakoM kI parigaNanA 105 avAntara zatakoM ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| isa taraha avAntara zataka rahita 33 zatakoM aura 105 avAntara zataka vAle 8 zatakoM ko milAkara 138 zataka batAye gaye haiM

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128 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kintu saMgrahaNI pada meM jo uddezakoM kI saMkhyA 1925 batAI gaI hai usakA AdhAra anveSaNA karane para bhI prApta nahIM hotA / prastuta Agama ke mUlapATha meM isake zatakoM aura avAntara zatakoM ke uddezakoM kI saMkhyA dI gaI hai| usameM 40veM zataka ke 21 avAntara zatakoM meM se antima 16 se 21 avAntara zatakoM ke uddezakoM kI saMkhyA spaSTa rUpa se nahIM dI gaI hai kintu jaise isa zataka ke pahale se 15veM avAntara zataka taka ke pratyeka kI uddezaka saMkhyA 11 batAI hai, usI taraha zeSa avAntara zatakoM meM se pratyeka kI uddezaka saMkhyA 11-11 mAna leM to vyAkhyAprajJapti ke kula uddezakoM kI saMkhyA 1883 hotI hai| kitanI hI pratiyoM meM 'uddesagANa' itanA hI pATha prApta hotA hai| saMkhyA kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isake bAda eka gAthA hai jisameM vyAkhyA prajJapti kI pada saMkhyA 84 lAkha batAI hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne isa gAthA kI viziSTa saMpradAyagamyAni' yaha kaha kara vyAkhyA kI hai| isake bAda kI gAthA meM saMgha kI samudra ke sAtha tulanA kI hai aura gautama prabhRti gaNadharoM ko va bhagavatI prabhRti dvAdazAMgI rUpa gaNipiTaka ko namaskAra kiyA hai| aura bhI maMgalAcaraNa haiN| AcArya abhayadeva kA mantavya hai ki jitane bhI namaskAraparaka ullekha haiM ve sabhI lipikAra aura pratilipikAra dvArA kiye gaye haiN| prastuta Agama meM kitanI hI bAteM puna:-punaH AI haiM isakA mUla kAraNa sthAna bheda, praznakartA ke bheda aura kAlabheda haiN| upasaMhAra prastUta aMga 'vyAkhyAprajJapti praznottara zailI meM hai| praznakAra haiM gaNadhara gautama aura uttara dene vAle haiM svayaM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra / ___ gautama aneka prakAra kI jijJAsAe~ prastuta karate haiM aura zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra una saba kA samAdhAna / isa kAraNa isa aMga meM sabhI prakAra kA jJAna-vijJAna bharA huA hai| darzana sambandhI, AcAra sambandhI, loka-paraloka, Adi kA zAyada hI koI aisA viSaya ho jisakI isameM carcA na huI ho| isI kAraNa ise jJAna kA mahAsAgara kahA jAtA hai| isa aMga kI eka anya vizeSatA bhI hai sUtra ke prAraMbha meM maMgala / isake atirikta anya kisI bhI aMga athavA aMgabAhya grantha meM maMgala kA koI vizeSa pATha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| anta meM zAMtikara zruta devatA kA bhI

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 126 smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI kuMbhadhara, brahmazAnti yakSa, vairoTyA vidyAdevI tathA aMtahaMDI devI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| mahAmaMtra navakAra prathama bAra isI aMga meM lipibaddha huA hai| praznottara zailI zAstra-racanA kI prAcInatama zailI hai| isake darzana vaidika paraMparAnumodita upaniSad granthoM meM bhI hote haiN| vAstava meM, vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatIsatra) gautama ke praznoM ke uttaroM ke rUpa meM hI bhagavAna dvArA diye gaye uttaroM kA lipibaddha rUpa hai|

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6. jJAtAdharmakathA mAma bodha dvAdazAMgI meM jJAtAdharmakathA kA chaThA sthAna hai / isake do zrutaskandha haiN| prathama zrutaskandha meM jJAta udAharaNa aura dUsare zrutaskandha meM dharmakathAe~ haiM / etadartha prastuta Agama kA mUla nAma 'NAyANiya dhammakahAo' hai| TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri ne TIkA meM yahI artha kiyA hai / tasvArtha bhASyakAra ne jJAtadharmakathA sUtra kA prayoga kiyA hai| bhASyakAra ne isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki udAharaNoM ke dvArA jisameM dharma kA kathana kiyA hai vaha Agama jJAtadharmakathA hai / " prastuta Agama kA nAma jayadhavalA meM NAhadhamma kahA- 'nAthadharmakathA' prApta hotA hai| nAtha kA artha svAmI hai| nAthadharmakathA kA tAtparya hai ki nAtha tIrthaMkara dvArA pratipAdita dharmakathA / saMskRta granthoM meM prastuta Agama kA nAma jJAtRdharmakathA milatA hai| AcArya akalaMka ne tattvArtharAjavArtika meM jJAtRdharmakathA yaha nAma diyA hai| AcArya malayagiri va AcArya abhayadeva * udAharaNa pradhAna dharmakathA ko jJAtAdharmakathA kahA hai| unakI dRSTi se prathama adhyayana meM jJAta hai aura dUsare adhyayana meM dharmakathAe~ haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne apane koza meM 'jJAtapradhAna dharmakathAe~' aisA artha 1 jJAtAH dRSTAntAH tAnupAdAya dharmo yatra kathyate jJAtadharmakathAH / -- tatvArthabhASya 2 tasvArthavArtika 1 / 20, pRSTha 72 3 jJAtAni udAharaNAni tatpradhAnA dharmakathA jJAtAdharmakathAH athavA jJAtAni jJAtAdhyayanAni prathama skandhe, dharmakathA dvitIyazrutaskandhe, yAsu granthapaddhatiSu (tA) jJAtAdharmakathA: / naMdIvRtti, patra 230, 31 4 jJAtAni - udAharaNAni tatpradhAnA dharmakathA jJAtAdharmakathA, dIrghatvaM saMjJAtvAd athavA prathama taskanso jJAtAbhidhAyakatvAt jJAtAni dvitIyastu tathaiva dharmmakathAH / - samavAyAMga patra 108

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 131 kiyA hai| paM0 becaradAsa jI dozI, DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI kA mAnanA hai ki jJAtapUtra mahAvIra kI dharmakathAoM kA prarUpaNa hone se bhI isa aMga ko ukta nAma se kahA gayA hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vaMza kA nAma jJAta batAyA gayA hai aura digambara sAhitya meM nAtha likhA hai| ata: kucha mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne prastuta Agama ke nAma ke sAtha mahAvIra kA sambandha jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unake abhimatAnusAra jJAtRdharmakathA yA nAthadharmakathA se tAtparya hai 'bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dhrmkthaa'|5 pAzcAtya vicAraka vebara kA mantavya hai ki jisa grantha meM jJAtRvaMzIya mahAvIra ke lie kathAe~ hoM vaha 'NAyAdhammakahA' hai| para samavAyAMga' va nandIsUtra meM jina aMgoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai usake AdhAra se 'jJAtavaMzIya mahAvIra kI dharmakathA' yaha artha saMgata nahIM baitthtaa| vahA~ spaSTa nirUpaNa hai ki jJAtAdharmakathA meM jJAtoM (udAharaNa-bhUta vyaktiyoM) ke nagara, udyAna Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa Agama ke prathama adhyayana kA nAma ukkhittaNAe--'utkSiptajJAta' hai| yahA~ jJAta kA artha udAharaNa hI saTIka pratIta hotA hai| isameM udAharaNa pradhAna dharmakathAe~ ukita haiN| isameM una vIra-dhIra sAdhakoM kA varNana hai jo mahAn upasarga upasthita hone para bhI sAdhanA ke mahAmArga se cyuta nahIM hue| isa Agama meM parimita vAcanAe~, anuyogadvAra, veDhA, chanda, zloka, niruktiyA~, saMgrahaNiyAM va pratipattiyAM saMkhyAta saMkhyAta haiN| isake do zrutaskandha haiM / prathama zrutaskandha meM 16 adhyayana haiM aura dUsare zrutaskandha meM 10 varga haiN| donoM zrutaskandhoM ke 29 uddezanakAla haiM, 26 samuddezana kAla haiM, 576000 pada haiM, saMkhyAta akSara haiM, ananta gama, anaMta paryAya, 1 bhagavAna mahAvIra nI dharmakathAo, TippaNa pR0 180 / 2 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR074 / 3 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR0 172 / 4 bhagavAna mahAvIra-eka anuzIlana, pR0 238 se 258 / 5 jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa-pUrvapIThikA, pR0660 / 6 Stories from the Dharma of Naya (sTorIja phraoNma dI dharma oNpha nAyA) iM, e, ji0 16, pR0 66 / 7 samavAyAMga prakIrNaka, samavAya sUtra, 64 / 8 nandIsUtra 85

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132 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA parimita trasa, ananta sthAvara Adi kA varNana hai| isakA vartamAna meM pada parimANa 5500 zloka pramANa haiN| prathama zrutaskandha prathama zrutaskandha meM aitihAsika aura kalpita donoM prakAra kI kathAe~ haiM / meghakumAra Adi kA caritra aitihAsika hai aura tuMbA Adi kI kathAe~ rUpaka zailI meM haiN| ina rUpaka kathAoM kA uddezya bhI bhavya jIvoM ko pratibodha denA hai| dUsare zrataskandha meM 10 varga haiM, unameM se pratyeka dharmakathA meM 500-500 AkhyAyikAe~ haiM aura eka-eka AkhyAyikA meM 500-500 upa-AkhyAyikAe~ haiM aura eka-eka upAkhyAyikA meM 500-500 AkhyAyikAe~ aura upAkhyAyikAe~ haiN| isa prakAra 31 karor3a udAharaNasvarUpa kathAe~ haiM / para ve sArI kathAeM vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana meM zreNika ke putra medhakumAra kA varNana hai| vaha zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ko zravaNa kara saMyama mArga svIkAra karatA hai, para zayyA parISaha se khinna hokara saMyama se vicalita hone lagatA hai / kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra use pUrva bhava sunAkara saMyama meM sthira karate haiM / vaha zramaNoM kI sevA ke lie sarvasva samarpita kara detA hai| dUsare adhyayana meM dhannA sArthavAha aura vijaya cora kA udAharaNa hai| dhannA sArthavAha kArAgRha meM apane putra ke hatyAre vijaya cora ko bhojana dete haiM kyoMki usakI binA sahAyatA ke ve zaucAdi kArya nahIM kara sakate the| vaise hI sAdhaka ko AhArAdi dekara zarIra kA saMyama ke lie nirvAha karanA caahie| ___ tIsare adhyayana meM mayUra ke aNDoM ke mAdhyama se yaha satya tathya pragaTa kiyA hai ki zraddhAniSTha vyakti kisa prakAra icchita phala ko prApta karatA hai aura saMzayazIla vyakti phala se vaMcita rahatA hai| caturtha adhyayana meM do kachuoM ke udAharaNa se isa bAta para prakAza DAlA hai ki indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane vAle sAdhaka ko sAdhanA se koI vicalita nahIM kara sakatA aura jinakI indriyA~ vaza meM nahIM hai ve prathama kUrma kI bhAMti pApa rUpI zrRgAla se grasita ho jAte haiN| pAMcaveM adhyayana meM thAvaccAputra kA varNana hai| vAsudeva zrIkRSNa usakI

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 133 dIkSA kA samucita prabandha karate haiN| thAvaccAputra zailaka rAjarSi ko 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha dIkSA pradAna karate haiM, aura zukadeva parivrAjaka ko vicAracarcA ke pazcAt 1000 parivrAjakoM ke sAtha dIkSA pradAna karate haiN| zailaka rAjarSi asvastha hone para auSadhopacAra ke pazcAt punaH pramAda se grasita ho jAte haiM taba vinayamUrti paMthaka unakA pramAda parihAra karate haiN| . chaThe adhyayana meM tUmbe ke udAharaNa se isa bAta para prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki miTTI ke lepa se bhArI banA huA tUmbA jala meM DUba jAtA hai aura lepa haTane se tairane lagatA hai| vaise hI karmoM ke lepa se AtmA bhArI banakara saMsAra sAgara meM DUbatA hai aura karmoM ke lepa se mukta hokara saMsAra sAgara se tiratA hai| sAtaveM adhyayana meM dhannA sArthavAha kI cAra putravadhuoM kA udAharaNa hai / zreSThi apanI cAroM putravadhuoM ko 5-5 zAlI ke dAne detA hai| prathama putravadhU ne ve pheMka diye| dUsarI ne prasAda samajhakara khA liye| tIsarI ne unheM saMbhAlakara rakkhA aura cauthI ne khetI karavA kara ve hajAroM gune adhika bar3hA diye / vaise hI guru pA~ca mahAvrata rUpa zAlI ke dAne ziSyoM ko pradAna karatA hai / eka use bhaMga kara detA hai| dUsarA use khAnapAna aura vilAsa meM ga~vA detA hai| tIsarA use surakSita rakhatA hai aura cauthA use sAdhanA ke dvArA vikasita karatA hai|' AThaveM adhyayana meM tIrthaMkara mallI bhagavatI kA varNana hai / unakA janma, bAlakrIr3A, vivAha ke lie chaha rAjAoM kA Agamana, svarNa putalIke mAdhyama se rAjAoM ko pratibodha dekara unake sAtha mallI bhagavatI kI dIkSA aura dIkSA ke dina hI ghAtI karmoM ko naSTa kara kevalajJAna, tIrtha kI sthApanA kara tIrthaMkara bananA, vihArakSetra, saMhanana, saMsthAna, nirvANa, Adi kA pUrNa vivaraNa hai| 1 prophesara TAyamana ne apanI jarmana pustaka 'buddha aura mahAvIra' meM bAibila kI methyU aura lyUka kI kathA ke sAtha tulanA kI hai| vahAM zAlI ke pAMca dAnoM ke sthAna para TelenTa zabda hai / TelenTa usa yuga meM calane vAlA sikkA thA / eka vyakti paradeza jAte samaya apane do putroM ko dasa-dasa TelenTa de gayA thaa| eka ne byApAra dvArA ve kaI gunI karadI aura dUsare ne surakSita jamIna meM rkhdiiN| lauTane para pitA pahale putra se prasanna huaa|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA mallI bhagavatI ne gRhasthAzrama meM usa yuga kI prasiddha parivrAjikA cokhA ko zucimUlaka dharma kI sadoSatA pratipAdita kara vinayamUlaka dharma kI zikSA dete hue kahA- 'jaise raktaraMjita vastra ko rakta se dhone para svaccha nahIM banAyA jA sakatA vaise hI hiMsAdi se AtmA zuddha nahIM bana sakatI / ' 134 mukhya udAharaNoM ke sAtha kucha avAntara kathAe~ bhI prApta hotI haiN| parivrAjikA cokhA jitazatru rAjA ke pAsa jAtI hai| rAjA jitazatru pUchatA hai tuma bahuta ghUmatI ho kyA tumane mere jaisA aMtaHpura kahIM dekhA hai ? cokhA ne musakarAte hue kahA- 'tuma kUpamaMDUka jaise ho / ' 'kUpamaMDUka kauna hai ?" yaha jijJAsA jitazatru ne prastuta kI / cokhA ne kahA- 'kueM meM eka meMDhaka thA vaha vahIM para janmA, vahIM para bar3hA, usane anya koI tAlAba yA jalAzaya nahIM dekhA thaa| vaha apane kUpa ko hI saba kucha mAnatA thA / eka dina eka samudrI meMDhaka usa kUpa meM aayaa| kUpamaMDUka ne usase prazna kiyA- tuma kauna ho, kahA~ se Aye ho ? usane kahA ki maiM samudra kA meMDhaka hU~ aura vahIM se AyA hU~ / kUpamaMDUka ne punaH prazna kiyA -- samudra itanA bar3A hai ? usa meMDhaka ne kahA- vaha to bahuta hI bar3A hai| kUpamaMDUka ne apane paira se rekhA khIMcate hue kahA- kyA samudra itanA bar3A hai ? samudrI meMDhaka ne muskarAte hue kahA- isase bahuta bar3A hai| kUpamaMDUka ne kueM ke pUrvI taTa se pazcimI taka phudaka kara kahA- kyA samudra itanA bar3A hai ? samudrI maMDUka ne kahA- isase bhI bahuta bar3A hai| aura kUpamaMDUka ne apane kue ke atirikta kisI jalAzaya Adi ko dekhA na thA ataH vaha usakI bAta para vizvAsa na kara sakA / prastuta adhyayana meM araNaka zrAvaka, aura chaha rAjAoM kA paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai| naveM adhyayana meM mAkaMdI putra jinapAla aura jinarakSita kA varNana hai| jo aneka bAra videza yAtrA karate haiN| jaba ve bArahavIM bAra prasthita hone lage taba unake mAtA-pitA ne unheM bahuta samajhAyA para AjJA kI avahelanA karake jAne para bhayaMkara tUphAna se unakI naukA TUTa gaI aura ve ratnadvIpa meM ratnAdevI ke caMgula meM pha~sa ge| zailaka yakSa ne unakA uddhAra karane kA vacana diyA para jinarakSita ne vAsanA se calacitta hokara apane prANa ga~vAye aura jinapAla vicalita na hone se apane sthAna para surakSita

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 135 pahu~ca gyaa| isI prakAra sAdhaka bhI jo apanI sAdhanA se vicalita nahIM hotA hai vaha lakSya ko prApta kara letA hai| dasaveM adhyayana meM candra ke udAharaNa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jaise kRSNapakSa aura zuklapakSa kA candra kramaza: hAnivRddhi ko prApta hote haiM vaise hI candra ke sadRza karmoM kI adhikatA se AtmA kI jyoti maMda hotI hai aura karmoM kI nyUnatA se jyoti jagamagAne lagatI hai| ___gyArahaveM adhyayana meM samudra ke kinAre hone vAle dAvadrava nAmaka vRkSa kA udAharaNa dekara ArAdhaka aura virAdhaka kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| bArahaveM adhyayana meM kaluSita jala ko zuddha banAne kI paddhati para prakAza DAlA hai| saMsAra kA koI bhI padArtha ekAntarUpa se zubha yA azubha nahIM hai| saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha zubha se azubha rUpa meM aura azubha se zubha rUpa meM parivartita hotA hai| ata: eka para rAga aura dUsare para dveSa nahIM karanA caahie| terahaveM adhyayana meM dardura kA udAharaNa hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki nanda maNikAra rAjagRha kA nivAsI zrAvaka thaa| satsaMga ke abhAva meM vrataniyama kI sAdhanA karate hue bhI vaha vicalita ho gyaa| usane cAra zAlAoM ke sAtha eka vApikA kA nirmANa krvaayaa| vApI ke prati atyadhika mamatva hone se ArtadhyAna meM marakara usI bAvar3I meM dardura bnaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Agamana kI bAta sunakara vaha vandana ko niklaa| kintu mArga meM ghor3e kI TApa se bhayaMkara rUpa se ghAyala ho gyaa| vahIM para samAdhi-pUrvaka anazana kara prANa parityAga kiye aura svarga kA adhikArI bnaa| Asakti kitanI bhayAvaha hotI hai yaha isa kathA se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| caudahaveM adhyayana meM tetalIputra kA varNana hai| mAnava jisa samaya sukha ke sAgara para tairatA hai usa samaya use dharma nahIM suhAtA para jaba vaha duHkha kI dAvAgni meM jhulasatA hai usa samaya use dharma kriyA karane kI sUjhatI hai| prastuta adhyayana meM tetalIpradhAna kA jIvana jaba taka sukhamaya thA taba taka usane dharma kriyA kI ora A~kha uThA karake bhI nahIM dekhA kintu poTriladeva ne jo pUrvabhava meM poTilA nAmaka usakI dharmapatnI thI aura jisane saMyama sAdhanA karake devagati prApta kI thI usane vacanabaddha hone ke 1 milAiye valAhassajAtaka (166) ke sAtha / prastuta kathA divyAvadAna meM bhI hai

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136 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kAraNa Akara tetalIputra ko aneka prakAra se samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA, para vaha jaba na mAnA taba usane rAjA kanakadhvaja ke antarmAnasa ke vicAra parivartita kara diye aura prajA ke bhI; apamAna ke tIvradeza se vaha utpIDita ho gyaa| usane apane sthAna para Akara gale meM phAMsI DAlakara maranA cAhA para mara na skaa| garadana meM bar3I zilA bA~dhakara marane kA prayAsa kiyA, jala meM kUdakara maranA cAhA aura sUkhI ghAsa ke Dhera meM Aga lagAkara jalanA cAhA para jala na skaa| isa prakAra aneka prayAsa karane para bhI jaba vaha na mara sakA to deva ne pratibodha dekara use saMyama mArga meM pratiSThita kiyaa| ugna sAdhanA kara karmoM ko naSTa kara usane kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| paMdrahaveM adhyayana meM nandIphala kA udAharaNa hai| nandIphala aisA viSailA phala thA jo dekhane meM sundara, khAne meM madhura aura sUMghane meM suvAsita thA para usake khAne ke bAda vyakti sadA ke lie A~kha mUMda letA thA-mara jAtA thaa| usakI chAyA bhI jaharIlI thii| dhannA sArthavAha ne apane sAtha ke sabhI vyaktiyoM ko sUcita kiyA ki ve dhyAna rakkheM, nandIvRkSa se dUra raheM, para usake kathana kI upekSA kara jinhoMne usake phaloM kA upabhoga kiyA ve sadA ke lie jIvana se hAtha dho baitthe| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA-'dhanya sArthavAha ke samAna tIrthakara haiM jo viSaya-bhoga rUpI naMdIphala se bacane kA sandeza dete haiN| para unakI AjJA kI avahelanA kara jo viSaya-bhoga ko grahaNa karate haiM ve janma-maraNa ko prApta karate haiN| ve apane lakSya muktisthala ko prApta nahIM kara paate|' solahaveM adhyayana kA nAma amarakaMkA hai| isa adhyayana meM pAMDavapatnI draupadI ko padmanAbha apaharaNa kara hastizIrSa nagara se amarakaMkA le jAtA hai| zrIkRSNa pAMDavoM sahita vahA~ pahu~cate haiM aura padmanAbha ko parAjita kara draupadI ko puna: lAte haiN| zrIkRSNa pAMDavoM ke hAsya-vyaMga se aprasanna ho jAte haiM aura kuntI kI prArthanA se samudra taTa para navIna mathurA basAkara pAMDavoM ko vahA~ para rahane kI anumati dete haiN| pAMDavoM kI dIkSA aura muktilAbha evaM prastuta adhyayana meM draupadI ke pUrvabhava kA bhI ullekha hai| usane eka bAra nAgazrI ke bhava meM dharmaruci anagAra ko kar3ave tUMbe kA AhAradAna diyA thA jisake phalasvarUpa usako aneka bhavoM meM janma grahaNa karanA pdd'aa| isameM kacchalla nArada kI karatUtoM kA bhI paricaya diyA gayA hai|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 137 satrahaveM adhyayana meM samudrI azvoM kA udAharaNa hai jo zabda rUpa Adi viSayoM ke lubhAvane AkarSaNa se AkarSita hokara parAdhInatA ke paMka meM nimagna hote haiN| jo viSayoM se virakta rahate haiM ve svataMtratA ke svarga kA anubhava karate haiN| aThArahaveM adhyayana meM susumA kA varNana hai jo dhannA sArthavAha kI putrI thI / usakI dekhabhAla ke lie cilAta niyukta kiyA gayA thA, para vaha apanI kAlI karatUtoM se baccoM ko parezAna krtaa| ataH use ghara se nikAla diyA aura vaha aneka durvyasanoM kA zikAra ho gayA, sAtha hI taskara adhipati bhii| eka dina usane susumA kA apaharaNa kiyaa| dhannA sArthavAha apane putroM ke sAtha, bhISaNa aTaviyoM meM usakA pIchA karate hue Age bar3ha rahe the| taba cilAta dvArA mArI huI susumA kI mRtadeha unheM milii| ve usa samaya kSudhA-pipAsA se itane pIr3ita the ki prANoM kA rakSaNa karanA eka samasyA ho gaI thii| ataH susumA ke mRtadeha kA bhakSaNa kara apane jIvana ko bacAyA / susumA ke zarIra kA bhakSaNa karate samaya dhannA ke mana meM kiJcit mAtra bhI rAga nahIM thA, kevala prANa rakSA kA hI prazna thaa| isI prakAra sAdhaka ko rAga rahita hokara AhAra karanA cAhie / AhAra dvArA zarIra rakSA kA lakSya 'Atma-sAdhanA' hI hai|' unnIsaveM adhyayana meM puNDarIka aura kuNDarIka kA udAharaNa hai| isameM puNDarIka aura kuNDarIka kI kathA hai| jaba rAjA mahApadma zramaNa bane taba unake jyeSTha putra puNDarIka rAjya kA saMcAlana karane lage aura kuNDarIka yuvarAja bne| jaba puna: mahApadma muni vahA~ Aye to kuNDarIka ne zramaNadharma svIkAra kiyaa| kucha samaya ke pazcAt jaba kuNDarIka muni puna: vahA~ para Aye usa samaya ve dAhajvara se grasita the| rAjA puNDarIka ne unakA auSadhopacAra karavAyA aura svastha hone para unheM zramaNa maryAdA kA smaraNa dilAkara vihAra ke lie utprerita kiyaa| kintu muni kuNDarIka ke antarmAnasa meM bhoga ke prati tIvra AkarSaNa paidA ho cukA thaa| ve puna: kucha samaya ke pazcAt lauTakara usI nagarI meM A gye| puNDarIka ke samajhAne para bhI jaba ve na samajhe taba apane vastra AbhUSaNa Adi kuNDarIka ko dekara kuNDarIka kA 1 saMyukta nikAya (2 pR0 67) meM bhI bhUta kanyA ke mAMsa ko bhakSaNa kara jIvita rahane kA varNana hai|

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138 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA zramaNaveSa svayaM ne grahaNa kara liyA aura utkRSTa saMyama kI ArAdhanA kara sarvArthasiddhi meM 33 sAgara kI sthiti vAle deva bane / kuNDarIka tIna bhogoM meM Asasta hokara tIna dina meM hI marakara sAtaveM naraka ke mehamAna ho gaye aura vahA~ 33 sAgara kI sthiti prApta kara apAra vedanA kA anubhava kiyaa| isa prakAra jo zramaNa cirakAla paryanta saMyama pAlana kara pathabhraSTa ho jAtA hai vaha kuNDarIka kI taraha duHkha pAtA hai aura jo antima kSaNoM taka saMyama kA pAlana karatA hai vaha puNDarIka ke samAna svalpakAla meM hI siddhi prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra prastuta Agama meM dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA, asvAda, zraddhA, indriyajaya Adi AdhyAtmika tattvoM kA bahuta hI sarala zailI meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| kathAvastu ke sAtha varNana kI apanI vizeSatA hai, bhASA kI dRSTi se kahIM-kahIM para kAdambarI jaise gadya kAvyoM kI sahaja smRti ho AtI hai| ina kathAoM kA vizva ke vibhinna kathAgranthoM ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para bahuta se naye tathya upalabdha ho sakate haiN| dvitIya zrutaskandha dvitIya zrutaskandha meM camarendra, balIndra, dharaNendra, pizAcendra, mahAkAlendra, zakrandra, IzAnendra kI agramahiSiyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hone vAlI sAdhviyoM kI kathAe~ dI gayI haiN| daza vargoM meM 206 adhyayana haiN| inameM varNita adhikAMza kUmAriyAM bhagavAna pArzva ke zAsana meM dIkSita hokara uttara guNoM kI virAdhanA karane ke kAraNa deviyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hii| una sAdhikAoM ke deviyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hone para bhI jo nAma unakA mAnavabhava meM thA, unhIM nAmoM se unakA paricaya diyA gayA hai| upasaMhAra isameM bhagavAna pArzvakAlIna jana jIvana, vibhinna mata-matAntara, pracalita rIti-rivAja, naukAsambandhI sAdhana sAmagrI, kArAgRha paddhati, rAjyavyavasthA, sAmAjika-Arthika-dhArmika-sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM kA sajIva citraNa huA hai| isa prakAra aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI isakA vizeSa mahatva hai-vizeSakara sAMskRtika itihAsa kI dRSTi se tatkAlIna sAmAjika dazAoM ke varNana se usa samaya kI paristhitiyoM kA jJAna Aja ke sAdhaka ko ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha aMga isa dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa haiN|

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7. upAsakadazAMga nAmakaraNa prastuta Agama dvAdazAMgI kA sAtavA~ aMga hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra yuga ke daza upAsakoM kA pavitra caritra hai| ataH isakA nAma 'uvAsagadasAo' hai| upAsaka zabda jaina gRhastha ke lie vyavahRta hotA hai| dazA zabda daza saMkhyA kA vAcaka evaM avasthA kA sUcaka hai| upAsakadazA meM daza upAsakoM kI kathAe~ haiM / ata: daza kA saMkhyAvAcaka artha upayukta hai / sAtha hI upAsakoM kI avasthA kA bhI varNana hai ata: isa artha kI dRSTi se bhI dazA zabda yathArtha hai| zramaNa paraMparA meM zramaNoM kI upAsanA karane vAle gRhasthoM ko zramaNopAsaka yA upAsaka kahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lAkhoM upAsaka the| kintu isa Agama meM unake mukhya daza upAsakoM kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai| viSaya-vastu sthAnAMga meM upAsakadazAMga meM Aye hue daza zrAvakoM ke nAma isa prakAra batAye haiN| AnaMda, kAmadeva, cUlaNIpitA, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuNDakolika, sakaDAlaputra, mahAzataka, naMdinIpitA, saaltiyaapiyaasaalepikaapitaa| upAsakadasAMga meM dasavA~ nAma sAlIhipiyA AyA hai| kRcha prAcIna hastalikhita pratiyoM meM laMtiyApiyA, lattiyapiyA, latiNIpiyA, letiyApiyA Adi nAma bhI upalabdha hote haiN| isI taraha naMdinIpitA ke sthAna para lalitAMkapiyA aura sAleiNIpiyA nAma prApta hote haiM / samavAyoga aura naMdIsUtra meM adhyayanoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai kintu nAmoM kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| prastuta Agama meM eka zrutaskandha, daza adhyayana, daza uddezanakAla, daza samuddezana kAla kahe haiN| isameM saMkhyAta hajAra pada, saMkhyAta akSara, saMkhyAta niyuktiyA~, saMkhyAta saMgrahaNiyA~, saMkhyAta pratipattiyA~ aura saMkhyAta zloka batAye haiN| vartamAna meM isa Agama kA parimANa 812 zloka hai| upAsaka dazA meM varNita upAsaka vibhinna jAti ke aura vibhinna vyavasAya karane vAle the| zrAvakoM kI jIvanacaryA kA varNana isa prakAra hai|

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140 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Ananda zrAvaka eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra vANijyagrAma padhAre / rAjA jitazatru va hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM janatA darzanArtha va upadeza zravaNArtha upasthita huii| nagara meM adbhuta cahala-pahala thI / Ananda gRhapati ne mahAvIra ke zubhAgamana kA saMvAda sunaa| vaha bahuta hI prasanna huA aura susajjita hokara bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa meM pahu~cA / upadeza zravaNakara usane bhagavAna se nivedana kiyA- bhagavan ! maiM nirgrantha pravacana meM zraddhAzIla huuN| usameM merI zraddhA va ruci hai / jaisA Apane kahA vaha pUrNa satya hai / Apake pAsa bahuta se rAjA, yuvarAja, senApati, nagara rakSaka, mAMDalika, kauTumbika, zreSThi, sArthavAha muMDita hokara AgAra dharma se anagAra dharma ko grahaNa karate haiN| maiM zramaNa jIvana kI kaThoracaryA ko pAlana karane meM asamartha haiM ataH gRhasthadharma ke dvAdaza vrata grahaNa karanA cAhatA hU~ | mahAvIra ne kahA- 'jaisA tumheM sukha ho vaisA karo / ' bAraha vrata Ananda zrAvaka ne dvAdaza vratoM ko grahaNa kiyaa| vratoM kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra hai - dvAdaza vratoM meM pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata haiN| prastuta Agama meM guNavratoM va zikSAvratoM kA saMyukta nAma zikSAvrata hai| pahale pA~ca aNuvrata haiN| aNuvrata kA artha choTe vrata haiN| zramaNa hiMsAdi kA pUrNa parityAga karatA hai isalie usake vrata mahAvrata kahalAte haiM / kintu zrAvaka unakA pAlana maryAdita rUpa se karatA hai, ataH usake vrata aNuvrata kahe jAte haiN| jina doSoM se vrata TUTane kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai unakA bhI isameM nirUpaNa kiyA hai| zrAvaka ko unheM jAnanA caahie| una saMbhAvita doSoM ko 'aticAra' kahA hai| vrata ke atikramaNa kI cAra koTiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| atikrama - vrata ko ullaMghana karane kA mana meM jJAta va ajJAta rUpa se vicAra AnA / vyatikrama --- ullaMghana karane ke lie pravRtti krnaa| aticAra vrata kA aMzarUpa se ullaMghana karanA / anAcAra - vrata kA pUrNarUpa se TUTa jAnA / anajAna meM jo doSa laga jAtA hai vaha aticAra hai aura jAnabujhakara vrata bhaMga karanA anAcAra hai| (1) sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa vrata aran ke ahiMsA vrata kA nAma sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa hai|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 141 zramaNa kI sarvahiMsA kI virati kI tulanA meM zrAvaka kI ahiMsA dezavrata hai| vaha hiMsA kA pUrNatyAgI nahIM hotA, kevala trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA se virata hotA hai| usakI yaha virati tIna yoga va do karaNa pUrvaka hotI hai| baha niraparAdha prANiyoM ko mana, vacana va kAyA se na svayaM mAratA hai aura na dUsaroM se maravAtA hai| paristhiti vizeSa meM sthUla hiMsA kA samarthana kara sakatA hai| zrAvaka aisI koI bhI pravRtti kara sakatA hai jisameM sthUla hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA na hoN| aisI pravRtti dUsaroM se bhI karavA sakatA hai| aisA karane se usakA vrata bhaMga nahIM hotaa| vaha jo bhI kArya karatA hai va karavAtA hai usameM vaha pUrNa sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai ki kisI ko kaSTa na ho, kisI kI hiMsA na ho, kisI ke prati anyAya na ho, vivekapUrvaka pUrNa sAvadhAnI rakhane para bhI kisI kI hiMsA ho jAya to zrAvaka ke ahiMsA vrata kA bhaMga nahIM hotaa| kartavyAkartavya kA dhyAna na rakhanA, nyAya-anyAya kA viveka na rakhanA, spaSTa rUpa se hiMsA ko protsAhana denA hai| ahiMsA kI surakSA ke lie vicAroM kI nirmalatA, yathArthatA evaM dRSTi kI virATatA apekSita hai| zrAvaka dvArA kisI jIva kI hiMsA hotI hai to bhI vaha usake prati anukaMpita hotA hai kintu vrata kI surakSA ke lie haMsate va muskarAte hue prANotsarga karane ke lie bhI sadA tatpara rahatA hai| hiMsA va anyAya ke sAmane vaha jhukatA nahIM apitu vIratA ke sAtha usakA pratikAra karatA hai| nirbhayatA ahiMsA ke lie Avazyaka hai| hiMsA, anyAya evaM anAcAra ko kAyara vyakti protsAhana detA hai| sAvadhAnI rakhane ke bAvajUda bhI pramAdavaza yA ajJAnavaza doSa lagane kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| aise doSoM ko aticAra kahA gayA hai| sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa vrata ke mukhya pA~ca aticAra haiM (1) bandha-kisI trasa prANI ko kaSTadAyI bandhana meM bA~dhanA, use apane iSTa sthAna ko jAne se rokanA yA apane adhInastha vyakti ko nirdiSTa samaya se adhika rokakara usase adhika kArya lenA Adi bhI bandha ke antargata hai| yaha bandhana zArIrika, Arthika, sAmAjika Adi aneka prakAra kA hai| (2) vadha-kisI bhI trasa prANI ko mAranA vadha hai| apane Azrita vyaktiyoM ko yA anya kisI bhI prANiyoM ko lakar3I, cAbuka, patthara Adi se mAranA, una para anAvazyaka Arthika bhAra DAlanA, kisI kI lAcArI kA anucita lAbha uThAnA, anaitika DhaMga se zoSaNa kara usase lAbha uThAnA

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142 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Adi vadha hai| jisa kArya vizeSa se pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, vaha vadha hai / (3) chaviccheda- kisI bhI prANI ke aMgopAMga kATanA / chaviccheda ke samAna vRtticcheda bhI anucita hai| kisI kI AjIvikA kA sampUrNa cheda karanA, ucita pArizramika se kama denA, Adi bhI chaviccheda ke samAna doSayukta hai| (4) atibhAra - baila, U~Ta, ghor3A Adi pazuoM para yA anucara evaM karmacAriyoM para unakI zakti se adhika bojha lAdanA atibhAra hai| kisI kI zakti se adhika kArya karavAnA bhI atibhAra hI hai / (5) bhaktapAna viccheda - samaya para bhojana pAnI na denA, naukara ko samaya para vetana na denA, jisase use kaSTa pahu~ce Adi / zrAvakoM ko ina aticAroM se sadA bacanA caahie| (2) sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa vrata zrAvaka zramaNa ke samAna pUrNarUpa se satya vrata kA pAlana nahIM kara pAtA ataH vaha sthUla mRSAvAda kA tyAga karatA hai| yaha tyAga bhI do karaNa va tIna yoga se hotA hai| sthUla jhUTha vaha hai-- jisase samAja meM apratiSThA ho / snehI sAthiyoM meM apanI aprAmANikatA pragaTa ho| logoM se apratIti ho aura rAjadaMDa kA bhAgI honA pdd'e| isa prakAra ke jhUTha se mAnava kA sarvatomukhI patana hotA hai| aneka kAraNoM se mAnava sthUla jhUTha kA prayoga karatA hai, jaise apane putra-putriyoM ke vivAha hetu pUrvapakSa ke samakSa mithyA prazaMsA karanA krvaanaa| pazu-pakSiyoM ke kraya-vikraya ke lie mithyA bAta kahanA | bhUmi ke sambandha meM jhUTha kA prayoga karanA yA krvaanaa| naukarI Adi ke lie asatya kA prayoga krnaa| kisI kI dharohara yA giravI rakhI huI vastu ke lie jhUTha bolanA jhUThI gavAhI denA aura dilvaanaa| jhUThe ko saccA aura sacce ko jhUThA siddha karane kA prayAsa karanA / zrAvaka isa prakAra mithyA bolane va bulavAne kA tyAga karatA hai / sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa vrata ke mukhya rUpa se pA~ca aticAra haiM (1) sahasAmyAkhyAna - binA bicAre kisI para jhUThA Aropa lagAnA, kisI ke prati galata dhAraNA paidA karanA, sajjana ko durjana, guNI ko avaguNI, jJAnI ko ajJAnI, brahmacArI ko vyabhicArI kahanA Adi /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 143 (2) rahasyAmyAkhyAna-kisI kI gRhya bAta kisI ke sAmane prakaTa kara usake sAtha vizvAsaghAta karanA Adi / (3) svadAramaMtrabheda-pati-patnI kA eka dUsare kI gupta bAtoM ko kisI anya ke sAmane prakaTa karanA-svadAra yA svapati-maMtrabheda hai| isase kuTumba meM vaimanasya paidA hotA hai aura bAhara badanAmI bhI hotI hai| (4) mithyopadeza-saccA-jhUThA samajhAkara kisI ko kUmArga para lagAnA aadi| (5) kUTalekhakriyA-mohara, hastAkSara Adi dvArA jhUThI likhApar3hI karanA tathA khoTA sikkA calAnA Adi / tattvArthasUtra meM 'sahasAbhyAkhyAna' ke sthAna para 'bhyAsApahAra' AyA hai jisakA artha hai kisI kI dharohara rakhakara inkAra ho jAnA hai| zrAvaka ko ina sabhI aticAroM se bacakara samyaka prakAra se satya kA pAlana karanA caahie| (3) sthUla avattAvAnaviramaNa vrata zrAvaka kA tRtIya vrata sthUla adattAdAnaviramaNa hai| zramaNa ke lie binA anumati ke danta zodhanArtha tRNa Adi grahaNa karanA bhI varNya mAnA gayA hai| zrAvaka sthUla adattAdAna kA tyAga karatA hai / sthUla corI ke kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM-kisI dUsare ke ghara meM sendha lagAnA, kisI kI jeba kATanA, kisI ke ghara kA tAlA tor3anA yA dUsarI cAbI lagAkara kholanA, yA binA pUche kisI dUsare kI gA~Tha kholakara vastu nikAla lenA, kisI kA gar3hA huA dhana nikAla lenA, DAkA DAlanA, ThaganA / koI vastu prApta huI ho to usake mAlika kA patA na lagAnA, patA lagane para bhI vastu mAlika ko na lauTAnA, cauryabuddhi se kisI kI vastu uThA lenA aura use apane pAsa rakha lenaa| zrAvaka corI kA tyAga bhI pUrva vratoM kI taraha do karaNa aura tIna yoga se karatA hai| prastuta vrata ke pAMca aticAra haiN| (1) stenAhuta-jAnakArI ke abhAva meM athavA yaha samajha kara ki corI karane va karAne meM to pApa hai, para cora ke dvArA lAI gaI, corI kI vastu kharIdane yA ghara meM rakhane meM kyA harja hai ? kintu yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha aticAra hai| isameM lobha ke kAraNa aucitya-anaucitya kA khayAla nahIM rahatA hai / isase corI ko protsAhana milatA hai|

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144 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (2) taskara prayoga-AdamI ko vetana athavA dhana dekara corI, DakaitI, ThagI Adi krvaanaa| (3) viruddha rAjyAtikrama-bhinna-bhinna rAjya vastuoM ke AyAtaniryAta para kucha pratibandha lagAte haiM, una para kara Adi kI vyavasthA karate haiM, rAjya ke una niyamoM kA ullaMghana karanA, avaidhAnika vyApAra karanA, niSiddha vastue~ eka sthala se dUsare sthala para pahu~cAnA, rAjya-hita ke viruddha gupta kArya karanA, ye saba viruddha rAjyAtikrama haiN| (4) kUTatulA-kUTamAna-nApa-tola va lena-dena meM beImAnI krnaa| isase vizvAsaghAta hotA hai| kisI ke ajJAna kA isa prakAra anucita lAbha nahIM uThAnA caahie| (5) tatpratirUpaka vyavahAra-vastu meM milAvaTa karanA, acchI vastu batAkara burI vastu denaa| ina vratoM kA vyApAra va vyavahAra meM kitanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| (4) svadArasaMtoSa vrata . isa vrata meM zrAvaka parAI strI ke sAtha sahavAsa kA tyAga karatA hai aura apanI strI ke sAtha bhI sahavAsa kI maryAdA karatA hai| yaha vrata do karaNa va tIna yoga pUrvaka bhI ho sakatA hai para eka karaNa eka yoga Avazyaka mAnA hai| isa vrata meM paradArA, vezyA aura kumArikA kA tyAga svataH hI ho jAtA hai| isake mukhya pA~ca aticAra haiM (1) itvarika parigRhItAgamana-aisI strI ke sAtha sahavAsa karanA jo kucha samaya ke lie rakhI gaI ho| (2) aparigRhItAgamana-vezyA Adi ke sAtha sahavAsa krnaa| (3) anaMgakoDA-aprAkRtika maithuna kA sevana krnaa| (4) paravivAhakaraNa-kanyAdAna ko pUNya samajhakara rAgAdi yA svArthavaza dUsare ke lar3ake-lar3akiyoM kA bemela vivAha karA denaa| (5) kAmabhogatIvAbhilASa-viSaya-bhoga va kAmakrIr3A meM tIvra Asakti kA honaa| ina aticAroM se sadAcAra athavA brahmacarya vrata dUSita hotA hai ata: zrAvaka ko inase bacanA caahie|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 145 (5) sthUla parigraha parimANa vrata mAnava kI icchA AkAza ke samAna anaMta hai / isI icchA kI maryAdA karanA-icchA parimANa athavA parigraha parimANa vrata kahalAtA hai| isa vrata kA mahattva aneka dRSTiyoM se hai| isa vizva meM svarNa, cA~dI, hIre, panne, mANikya, motI, bhUmi, anna, vastrAdi jitane bhI padArtha haiM ve parimita haiM ata: saMgraha karane para viSamatA kI vibhISikA bhar3aka uThatI hai| yaha vrata una vibhISikAoM ko zAnta karatA hai| isase jIvana meM zAnti kA sAgara laharAne lagatA hai| vaha samasta parigraha nau vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai ---- (1) kSetra-upajAU bhUmi kI mryaadaa|| (2) vAstu-makAna, dukAna, godAma aadi| (3) hiraNya-cA~dI ke bartana, AbhUSaNa va anya upkrnn| (4) suvarNa-sonA, sone ke bartana, AbhUSaNa va anya upakaraNa aadi| (5) dhana-rupaye, paise, sikke, noTa Adi / (6) dhAnya-anna, gehU~, cAvala, ur3ada, mUMga, tila, alasI, maTara Adi / (7) dvipada-do pA~va vAle prANI, jaise-strI, pUruSa, totA, mainA, kabUtara, mayUra aadi| (4) catuSpada-cAra paira vAle prANI, jaise-gAya, baila, bhaiMsa, hAthI, ghor3A, bher3a, bakarI aadi| (8) kupya yA gopya-sone-cAMdI kI vastuoM ke atirikta anya samasta vastuoM kA samAveza kupya meM hotA hai| gAr3I, moTara, sAikila, tA~gA, ratha, Traka Adi vAhana va pharnIcara aadi| gopya dhana kA artha hai---hIre, mANika, motI Adi rkhnaa| parigraha parimANa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM :(1) kSetra-vAstu parimANAtikrama / (2) hiraNya-suvarNa primaannaatikrm| (3) dvipada-catuSpada parimANAtikrama / (4) dhana-dhAnya parimANAtikraga / (5) kupya-gopya primaannaatikrm|

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146 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aNuvratoM ke vikAsa ke lie guNavata kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| dizA-parimANa vrata, upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata aura anarthadaMDaviramaNa vrata / inheM guNavata isIlie kahA hai ki ye aNuvrata rUpI mUlaguNoM kI rakSA va vikAsa karate haiN| (6) dizA-parimANa vrata isa vrata meM dizAoM meM pravRtti ko sImita kiyA jAtA hai| zrAvaka yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki cAroM dizAoM meM tathA Upara va nIce nizcita sImA se Age bar3hakara maiM kiMcit mAtra bhI svArthamUlaka pravRtti nahIM kruuNgaa| vartamAna yuga meM isa vrata kA mAhAtmya adhika hai| pratyeka rASTra apanI-apanI rAjanaitika evaM Arthika sImAe~ nizcita kara le to bahuta se saMgharSa svata: miTa jAyeMge / isa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM (1) UrdhvadizA meM maryAdA kA atikramaNa / (2) aghodizA meM maryAdA kA atikramaNa / (3) tirachI dizA--pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa dizA--meM maryAdA kA atikramaNa / (4) kSetravRddhi-asAvadhAnI yA bhUla se maryAdA ke kSetra ko bar3hA lenA / eka dizA ke parimANa kA bhAga dUsarI dizA ke parimANa meM milA denaa| (5) vismRti-maryAdA kA smaraNa na rkhnaa| (7) upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa vrata .. jo vastu eka bAra upayoga meM AtI hai use upabhoga aura punaH punaH kAma meM Ane vAlI vastu ko paribhoga kahate haiN| isa vrata meM upabhoga aura paribhoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM kI maryAdA kI jAtI hai| yaha vrata ahiMsA aura saMtoSa kI rakSA ke lie hai| isase jIvana meM sAdagI aura saralatA kA saMcAra hotA hai / mahAraMbha, mahAparigraha aura mahAtRSNA se zrAvaka mukta hotA hai / Agama sAhitya meM upabhoga-paribhoga sambandhI 26 vastuoM ke nAma batAye haiN| isa vrata ke pAMca aticAra haiM (1) sacittAhAra-jisa sacitta vastu kA tyAga kiyA hai usakA pramAdapUrvaka AhAra krnaa| (2) sacita pratibaddhAhAra-jisa sacitta vastu kA tyAga kiyA hai

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 147 usake sAtha acitta vastu saMlagna ho vaha sacittapratibaddha kahalAtI hai / usakA AhAra karanA, jaise--- vRkSa meM lagA huA goMda, piMDakhajUra, guThalI sahita Ama Adi khAnA / (3) apayavAhAra - sacitta vastu kA tyAga hone para binA agni ke pake kacce zAka, binA pake phala Adi kA sevana karanA / (4) duSpakvAhAra - jo vastu ardhapakva ho, usakA AhAra karanA / (5) tucchauSadhibhakSaNa - jo vastu kama khAI jAya aura adhika mAtrA meM pheMkI jAya aisI vastu kA sevana karanA jaise sItAphala Adi / upabhoga-paribhoga ke lie vastuoM kI prApti karanI par3atI hai aura usake lie pApakarma bhI karanA par3atA hai| jisa vyavasAya meM mahAraMbha hotA hai aise kArya zrAvaka ke lie niSiddha haiM, unheM karmAdAna kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / unakI saMkhyA pandraha hai| ve isa prakAra haiM ( 1 ) aMgArakarma agni saMbaMdhI vyApAra- jaise koyale banAne, IMTeM pakAne Adi kA dhandhA karanA / (2) vanakarma - vanaspati saMbaMdhI vyApAra- jaise vRkSa kATane, ghAsa, kATane Adi kA dhandhA karanA / (3) zakaTakarma - vAhana sambandhI vyApAra - gAr3I, moTara, tAMgA, rikzA Adi banAnA / bhATakarma - vAhana Adi kirAye para dekara AjIvikA calAnA / (5) sphoTakarmabhUmi phor3ane kA vyApAra - jaise khAneM khudavAnA, nahareM banavAnA, makAna banAne kA vyavasAya karanA / (6) dantavANijya - hAthI dAMta Adi kA vyApAra / (7) lAkSA vANijya-- lAkha Adi kA vyApAra / (8) rasa vANijya - madirA Adi kA vyApAra / (e) keza vANijya - bAloM va bAlavAle prANiyoM kA vyApAra / (10) viSa vANijya - jaharIle padArtha evaM hiMsaka astra-zastroM kA vyApAra / (11) yantra pIr3ana karma-mazIna calAne Adi kA vyApAra / (12) nirmAJchana karma - prANiyoM ke avayavoM ke chedane, kATane Adi kA vyavasAya |

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148 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (13) dAvAgnidAna karma-vana, jaMgala, kheta Adi meM Aga lagAne kA kaary| (14) sarabahataDAgazoSaNatA karma-sarovara, jhIla, tAlAba Adi ko sukhAne kA kArya krnaa| (15) asatIjana poSaNatA karma-kulaTA striyoM ke poSaNa, hiMsaka prANiyoM kA pAlana, samAjavirodhI tattvoM kA saMrakSaNa Adi / ina 15 karmAdAna' tathA inase milate-julate anya prakAra ke kAryoM kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai kyoMki ina kAryoM se mahAn hiMsA hotI hai| zrAvaka to aise kArya karatA hai jinameM kama se kama hiMsA ho, aura aisA vyavasAya karatA hai jisase samAja yA vyakti kA zoSaNa na ho| (8) anarthadaMDaviramaNa vrata svayaM ke lie yA apane pArivArika vyaktiyoM ke jIvana-nirvAha ke lie anivArya sAvadya pravRttiyoM ke atirikta zeSa samasta pApapUrNa pravRttiyoM se nivRtta honA anarthadaNDa viramaNavrata hai| zrAvaka ko vyartha kI bAteM karanA, zekhI mAranA, niSprayojana pravRtti karanA jisase kucha bhI lAbha na ho aura dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~ce aisI pravRtti nahIM karanI caahie| anarthadaMDa-niSprayojana hiMsA ke cAra rUpa haiM-(1) apadhyAnAcarita, (2) pramAdAcarita, (3) hiMsra pradAna aura (4) pApakarmopadeza / isa vrata ke mukhya pA~ca aticAra haiM1 ina vastuoM kA AjIvika matAnuyAyiyoM ke lie bhI tyAga kA vidhAna thaa| dekhie(ka) inasAyaklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjana enDa ethiksa, jilda 1, pR0 256-68 -hoenala / (kha) 'da AjIvikAja' 'prI-buddhisTa iNDiyana philAsaphI', pR. 267-318 DaoN0 bI0 ema0 bruaa| (ga) hisTorikala glIniMgja, pR0 37 - DaoN0bI0sI0 lAhA / (gha) hisTrI enDa DokTrinsa oNpha da AjIvikAja-e0 ela0 bAzama / (6) lAipha ina aiMziyanTa iMDiyA aija DepikTeDa ina jaina kainansa, pR0 207-11 -jagadIzacandra jaina / (ca) sampUrNAnanda abhinandana graMtha meM 'maMkhaliputra gozAla aura jJAtRputra mahAvIra' ---jagadIzacanda jaina / / (cha) mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ahiMsaka samAja kI jo kalpanA kI thI vaha bhI ina karmA dAnoM ke tyAga se milatI-julatI thii|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 146 (1) kandarpa-vikAravardhaka vacana bolanA yA sUnanA yA vaisI ceSTAeM krnaa| (2) kautkucya-bhAMDoM ke samAna hAtha-paira maTakAnA, nAka, muMha aura A~kha Adi se vikRta ceSTAe~ krnaa| (3) maukharya-vAcAla bananA, bar3hA-car3hAkara bAteM karanA aura apanI zekhI bghaarnaa| (4) saMyuktAdhikaraNa ----binA AvazyakatA ke hiMsaka hathiyAroM evaM ghAtaka sAdhanoM ko saMgraha karake rkhnaa| (5) upabhogaparibhogAtireka-makAna, kapar3e, pharnIcara Adi upabhoga aura paribhoga kI sAmagrI kA AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha krnaa| zikSA kA artha-abhyAsa hai| jaise vidyArthI puna: puna: abhyAsa karatA hai vaise hI zrAvaka ko puna:-punaH jina vratoM kA abhyAsa karanA cAhiye una vratoM ko zikSAvrata kahA hai| aNuvrata aura guNavrata jIvana meM eka hI bAra grahaNa kiye jAte haiM kintu zikSAvrata bAra-bAra / ye kucha samaya ke lie hote haiN| sAmAyika, dezAvakAzika, pauSadhopavAsa aura atithisaMvibhAga-ye cAra zikSAvrata haiN| (9) sAmAyika vrata ____ 'sama' aura 'Aya' zabda se samAya zabda banatA hai arthAt samatA kA lAbha / jisa kriyA vizeSa se samabhAva kI prApti hotI hai vaha sAmAyika hai| sAmAyika meM sAvadya-yoga kA tyAga hotA hai aura niravadya yoga-pAparahita pravRtti kA AcaraNa hotA hai| samabhAva kA AcaraNa karane se saMpUrNa jIvana samatAmaya ho jAtA hai| isa vrata ke pAMca aticAra isa prakAra haiM--- (1) manoduSpraNidhAna-mana meM bure vicAra aanaa| (2) vacanaduSpraNidhAna-vacana kA durupayoga, kaThora va asatya bhaassnn| ... (3) kAyaduSpraNidhAna-zarIra se sAvadya pravRtti krnaa| (4) smRtyakaraNa-sAmAyika kI smRti na rakhanA, ThIka samaya para na krnaa| (5) anavasthitatA-sAmAyika ko asthiratA se yA zIghratA se karanA, nizcita vidhi ke anusAra na krnaa|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 150 (10) dezAvakAzika vrata chaThe vrata meM jIvana bhara ke lie dizAoM kI maryAdA kI thii| usa parimANa meM kucha ghaMToM ke lie yA kucha dinoM ke lie vizeSa maryAdA nizcita karanA arthAt usako saMkSipta karanA dezAvakAzika vrata hai / dezAvakAzika vrata meM deza aura avakAza ye do zabda haiM jinakA artha hai sthAna vizeSa / kSetramaryAdA ko saMkucita karane ke sAtha hI upalakSaNa se upabhoga-paribhoga rUpa anya maryAdAoM ko bhI sImita karanA isa vrata meM garbhita hai| sAdhaka nizcita kAla ke lie jo maryAdA karatA hai usake bAhara kisI bhI prakAra kI pravRtti nahIM karatA / dainika jIvana ko vaha isa vrata se adhikAdhika maryAdita karatA hai | zrAvaka ke lie sacitta dravya, vigaya, upAnaha Adi 14 niyamoM kA bhI vidhAna hai| isa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM- (1) Anayanaprayoga maryAdita kSetra se bAhara kI vastu ma~gAnA / (2) preSyaprayoga - maryAdita kSetra se bAhara kisI vastu ko bhejnaa| (3) zabdAnupAta - jisa kSetra-bhAga meM svayaM na jAne kA niyama grahaNa kiyA ho vahA~ para zabda saMketa se apanA kArya karanA / (4) rUpAnupAta - maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara koI vastu, saMketa Adi bhejakara athavA apanA ceharA dikhAkara usI ke sahAre kAma karanA / (5) pudgalaprakSepa-maryAdita kSetra se bAhara kaMkara, patthara Adi pheMkakara kisI kA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa karanA / (11) pauSadhopavAsa vrata pauSadha ko anyatra 'upavAsa' zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai| isakA artha hai dharmAcArya ke samIpa yA dharmasthAna meM rahanA / dharmasthAna meM nivAsa karate hue upavAsa karanA pauSadhopavAsa hai| dUsarA artha hai poSanA - tRpta karanA / jaise bhojana se zarIra ko tRpta karate haiM vaise hI isa vrata se zarIra ko bhUkhA rakhakara AtmA ko tRpta kiyA jAtA hai| AtmaciMtana -- manomaMthana kara AtmabhAva meM ramaNa karanA pauSadhavrata hai / ATha pahara taka upAsaka zramaNavat sAdhanA karatA hai| AhAra parityAga ke sAtha hI vaha zArIrika zrRGgAra, abrahmacarya, vyApAra va hiMsaka kriyA kA bhI tyAga karatA hai / poSadha vrata ke pA~ca aticAra isa prakAra haiM (1) aprati lekhita - duSpratilekhita zayyA saMstAraka - pauSadha yogya sthAna Adi kA bhalI prakAra nirIkSaNa na karanA /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 151 (2) apramArjita - duSpramArjita zayyA saMstAraka - pauSadha yogya zaiyA Adi kA samyak pramArjana na karanA / bhUmi - mala-mUtra tyAgane ke sthAna kA nirIkSaNa na karanA / (4) apramArjita - duSpramArjita uccAra pralavaNa bhUmi - mala-mUtra kI bhUmi ko sApha kiye binA upayoga karanA / (3) apratilekhita duSpratilekhita uccAra-prasravaNa (5) pauSaghopavAsa - samyagananupAlanatA - pauSaghopavAsa kA samyak prakAra se pAlana na karanA / prathama cAra aticAroM meM anirIkSaNa nirIkSaNa athavA apramArjana yA duSpramArjana ke kAraNa hiMsA doSa kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| (12) atithisaMvibhAga vrata * atithi ke lie apane nimitta banAI huI, apane adhikAra kI vastu kA samucita vibhAga karanA atithi saMvibhAga hai| jisake Ane-jAne kI koI tithi nizcita na ho vaha atithi hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hetu jo zramaNa bane haiM unheM nyAyopArjita nirdoSa vastuoM kA bhakti bhAvanA se dAna denA atithi saMvibhAga hai / jaise nirgrantha atithi ko dAna denA zramaNopAsaka kA kartavya hai vaise hI dIna-dukhiyoM ko yathocita sahakAra denA bhI zrAvaka kA karttavya hai / atithi saMvibhAgavrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM (1) sacitta nikSepa - acitta AhAra Adi ko sacitta vastu meM DAlakara rakhanA / (2) sacittavidhAna-sacitta vastu se Dhakakara rakhanA / (3) kAlAtikrama --samaya para dAna na denA, asamaya meM dAna ke lie kahanA / (4) paravyapadeza - dAna na dene kI bhAvanA se apanI vastu ko parAI batA denA, athavA parAI vastu dekara apanI vastu batA denA / (5) mAtsarya - IrSyA va ahaMkAra kI bhAvanA se dAna denA / jaina sAhitya meM anukampAdAna aura supAtradAna ye dAna ke do rUpa batAye gaye haiM / anukampA samyaktva kA lakSaNa hai| kaSTa se pIr3ita prANI ko dekhakara usake prati karuNA va sahAnubhUti prakaTa karanA aura yathAzakti usake duHkha ko

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152 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dUra karane kA prayAsa karanA anukampAdAna hai aura sAdhu-sAdhvI ko denA supAtra dAna hai / gRhastha kA dvAra janasevA ke lie sadA khulA rahatA hai| vaha santa kI bhI sevA karatA hai aura anya atithi kI bhii| grahastha ke dvAra se yadi koI hatAza va nirAza lauTatA hai to samartha gRhastha ke lie pApa hai| prastuta vrata meM isa pApa se bacane ke lie nirdeza kiyA hai| AnaMda zramaNopAsaka ne pUrvokta vratoM ko grahaNa karane ke pazcAt eka abhigraha grahaNa kiyA ki Aja se maiM itara tIthikoM ko, unake devatAoM ko, unake svIkRta deva-caityoM ko namaskAra nahIM kruuNgaa| unake dvArA vArtA kA Arambha na hone para unase vArtAlApa karanA, puna:-punaH vArtAlApa karanA, gurubuddhi se unheM AhArAdi denA mujhe nahIM kalpatA / prastuta abhigraha meM usane chaha apavAda rakkhe / ___ Ananda kI preraNA se usakI dharmapatnI zivAnandA ne bhI bhagavAna ke samakSa yahI dvAdaza vrata grahaNa kiye| vaha zrAvaka dharma grahaNa karane ke caudaha varSa pazcAt apane jyeSTha putra ko uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara pauSadhazAlA meM jAkara sampUrNa samaya dhArmika kriyAoM meM vyatIta karatA hai| yaha pratijJA vizeSa, vrata vizeSa, tapa vizeSa pratimA ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai / ve pratimAe~ gyAraha haiN| gyAraha pratimAe~ (1) darzana pratimA-kisI bhI prakAra kA rAjyAbhiyoga Adi AgAra na rakhakara zuddha niraticAra, vidhipUrvaka samyagdarzana kA pAlana krnaa| yaha pratimA vrata rahita dArzanika zrAvaka kI hotI hai isameM mithyAtvarUpa kadAgraha kA tyAga mukhyarUpa se kiyA jAtA hai| isa pratimA kA ArAdhana eka mAsa taka kiyA jAtA hai| (2) vrata pratimA-vratI zrAvaka samyaktva lAbha ke pazcAt vratoM kI sAdhanA karatA hai| pA~ca aNuvrata Adi vratoM ko samyak prakAra se nibhAtA hai kintu sAmAyika kA vaha samyaka rUpa se pAlana nahIM kara paataa| yaha pratimA do mAsa kI hotI hai| (3) sAmAyika pratimA-isa pratimA meM prAta: va saMdhyA samaya zrAvaka sAmAyika vrata kI sAdhanA niraticAra rUpa se karatA hai para parvadinoM meM pauSadhavrata kA samyak pAlana nahIM kara paataa| yaha pratimA tIna mAsa kI hotI hai|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 153 (4) pauSadha pratimA - aSTamI, caturdazI, amAvasyA aura pUrNimA Adi parva dinoM meM AhAra, zarIra-saMskAra, abrahmacarya aura vyApAra kA tyAga - isa taraha catuvidha tyAga rUpa pratipUrNa poSadha vrata kA pAlana karanA, pauSadha pratimA hai / yaha pratimA cAra mAha kI hotI hai| (5) niyama pratimA - uparyukta sabhI vratoM kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karate hue prastuta pratimA meM nimna niyama vizeSarUpa se pAlana karane hote haiM - vaha snAna nahIM krtaa| rAtri meM cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA parityAga karatA hai| dina meM bhI vaha prakAza meM hI bhojana karatA hai| dhotI kI lAMga nahIM detA / dina meM pUrNa brahmacArI rahatA hai, rAtri meM bhI maithuna kI maryAdA karatA hai| pauSadha hone para rAtri maithuna kA tyAga aura rAtri meM kAyotsarga karanA hotA hai| yaha pratimA kama se kama eka dina aura adhika se adhika pAMca mAsa taka kI hotI hai / (6) brahmacarya pratimA - brahmacarya kA pUrNa pAlana krnaa| isa pratimA kI kAla maryAdA jaghanya eka rAtri aura utkRSTa chaha mAsa kI hotI hai / (7) sacitatyAga pratimA - sacitta AhAra kA pUrNa rUpa se tyAga karanA / yaha pratimA jaghanya eka rAtri kI aura utkRSTa sAta mAsa kI hotI hai / (8) ArambhatyAga pratimA - isa pratimA meM sAdhaka svayaM Arambha nahIM krtaa| vaha chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI dayA pAlatA hai| isakI kAla maryAdA jaghanya eka, do, tIna dina aura utkRSTa ATha mAsa kI hotI hai| (e) preSyatyAga pratimA - isa pratimA meM anya ke dvArA Arambha karAne kA bhI tyAga hotA hai| vaha svayaM Arambha nahIM karatA, na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai kintu anumodana kA use tyAga nahIM hotaa| isa pratimA kA jaghanyakAla eka, do, tIna dina aura utkRSTa kAla nau mAsa hai / (10) uddiSTabhaktatyAga pratimA- prastuta pratimA meM uddiSTa bhakta kA bhI tyAga hotA hai arthAt apane nimitta se banAyA gayA bhojana bhI grahaNa nahIM kiyA jaataa| ustare se sarvathA ziromuNDana karanA hotA hai, yA zikhAmAtra rakhanI hotI hai| kisI gRhastha sambandhI viSayoM ke pUche jAne para yadi vaha jAnanA hai to jAnatA hU~ aura yadi nahIM jAnatA hai to nahIM jAnatA hU~ - itanA mAtra kahe kintu usake lie adhika vAgvyApAra na kare / yaha pratimA jaghanya eka rAtri kI aura utkRSTa dasa mAsa kI hotI hai /

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154 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (11) zramaNabhUta pratimA-isa pratimA meM zrAvaka zramaNa to nahIM, para zramaNabhUta yAnI muni ke samAna hotA hai| zramaNa ke sadRza hI veSa banAkara aura zramaNa ke yogya bhANDopakaraNa dhAraNa karake vicaraNa karatA hai| yadi zakti ho to vaha luMcana karatA hai anyathA ustare se ziromuMDana karAtA hai| zramaNa ke samAna hI nirdoSa bhikSA grahaNa karake jIvana yAtrA calAtA hai| isa pratimA kA kAlamAna jaghanya eka rAtri arthAt eka dina-rAta aura utkRSTa gyAraha mAsa hotA hai| __ Ananda dhyAna, svAdhyAya, cintana va tapazcaraNa ke dvArA zrAvaka pratimAoM kI saphala ArAdhanA karatA hai / isa dIrghakAlIna tapazcaryA se usakA zarIra sUkha gayA, zakti aura bala kSINa ho gayA tathA deha asthi-paMjara mAtra raha gayA tathApi usakI dharma-cetanA jAgRta thii| Atma-bala pradIpta thaa| dharma-jAgaraNa karate hue Ananda ne socA-aba merA zarIra asthi-paMjara mAtra raha gayA hai| rakta-mAMsa sUkha gaye haiM tathApi abhI taka mujha meM utthAna karma, bala, vIrya, puruSAkAra parAkrama, zraddhA, dhRti aura saMyoga hai, etadartha prAtaH hote hI mujhe zeSa jIvana ke lie bhakta-pAna kA tyAga karake saMlekhanAsaMthArA pUrvaka mRtyu kI kAmanA na karate hue dharma jAgRti ke sAtha vicaraNa karanA zreyaskara hai| dhArmika sAdhanA evaM pavitra saMkalpoM se Ananda kI bhAvanA vizuddha ho rahI thI, usakI lezyAe~ nirmala aura adhyavasAya vizuddhatara hote cale jA rahe the| usase use avadhijJAna nAmaka viziSTa jJAna kI upalabdhi huii| usa avadhijJAna ke divya prabhAva se vaha chahoM dizAoM meM dUra-dUra taka ke padArtha dekhane-jAnane lgaa| gaNadhara gautama kI kSamA yAcanA usa samaya zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra apane ziSya samudAya sahita vANijyagrAma meM padhAre / bhagavAna ke pramukha ziSya gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama bhikSA ke lie nagara meM gye| vahA~ para logoM se Ananda gAthApati ke saMthAre kI carcA sunii| ataH indrabhUti gautama Ananda se milane ke lie jJAtakula kI pauSadhazAlA kI ora prasthita hue| Ananda apanI sAdhanA meM saMlagna the| indrabhUti gautama ko dekhakara unakA mukhakamala khila utthaa| vandana kara unhoMne pUchA-bhagavan ! kyA gRhastha ko avadhijJAna ho sakatA hai ?

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 155 gaNadhara gautama-hA~, Ananda ! ho sakatA hai| Ananda-bhagavan ! mujhe avadhijJAna huA hai, jisake kAraNa maiM pUrva, pazcima aura dakSiNa dizA meM lavaNa samudra ke bhItara pA~casau yojana taka, uttara dizA meM culla himavaMta parvata taka, Urdhva-loka meM saudharmakalpa taka aura adhodizA meM loluccuya nAmaka narakAvAsa (ratnaprabhA kA) taka dekha rahA huuN| gautama ne kahA-Ananda ! zramaNopAsaka ko avadhijJAna to hotA hai kintu vaha itanA dUragrAhI nahIM hotA, jaisA ki tuma batA rahe ho| tumhArA prastuta kathana bhrAnta pratIta hotA hai| etadartha tumheM apane mithyA kathana kA AlocanApUrvaka prAyazcita lenA caahie| ___Ananda ne vinayapUrvaka kintu dRr3hatA ke sAtha nivedana kiyA--bhagavan ! kyA nirgrantha zAsana meM satya ke lie bhI prAyazcita kA vidhAna hai ? gautama ne sAzcarya kahA-aisA to nahIM hai, para tumhAre kahane kA tAtparya kyA hai ? Ananda-bhagavan ! maiMne jo kucha bhI nivedana kiyA hai, vaha yathArtha hai, satya hai kintu ApazrI use mithyA batA rahe haiM ata: yaha prAyazcita mujhe nahIM, Apako karanA caahie| Ananda ke kahane meM dRr3hatA thI, jisase gaNadhara gautama kA mana saMzayagrasta ho gyaa| ve vahA~ se sIdhe hI dutipalAsa caitya meM Aye aura unhoMne bhagavAna ko bandana kara Ananda ke sAtha jo vArtAlApa huA thA vaha nivedana kiyaa| bhagavAna ne kahA-gautama ! zramaNopAsaka Ananda ne jo kahA vaha satya hai| tumane usake satya kathana ko asatya kahA, ataH tuma zIghra hI Ananda ke pAsa jaao| usase kSamA yAcanA karo aura apane bhrAnta-kathana ke lie prAyazcita kro| indrabhUti gautama ulaTe pA~voM Ananda zramaNopAsaka ke sanikaTa Aye aura bole-Ananda ! maiMne tumhAre satya kathana kI avahelanA kI thI ata: maiM tumheM khamAtA huuN| tamhArA kahanA satya thA, merI hI dhAraNA bhrAnta thii| ___ zramaNasaMgha ke zreSThatama zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pradhAna antevAsI indrabhUti gautama dvArA saralatApUrvaka kSamAyAcanA kiye jAne para Ananda gAthApati kA hRdaya gadgada ho gyaa| bhagavAna ke zAsana meM satya ke prati kitanI gaharI AsthA hai yaha jAnakara unakA hRdaya prasannatA se jhama utthaa|

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156 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA saMlekhanA AtmahatyA nahIM AnaMda zravaka ne apazcima-mAraNAntika saMlekhanA kii| saMlekhanA kA artha hai mRtyu ke samaya apane bhUtakAla ke samasta kRtyoM kI samyak AlocanA kara zarIra aura kaSAya Adi ko kRza karane hetu kI jAne vAlI antima tpsyaa| saMlekhanAyukta hone vAlI mRtyu ko samAdhimaraNa yA paMDitamaraNa kahA gayA hai| yaha mRtyu prasannatApUrvaka va vivekayukta hotI hai| saMlekhanA yA saMthArA AtmaghAta nahIM hai / AtmaghAta krodhAdi kaSAya se prerita hotA hai, jabaki saMlekhanA meM kaSAya kA abhAva hotA hai| AtmahatyA mAnava taba karatA hai jaba kisI kAmanA kI pUrti na ho, tIvra vedanA yA mArmika AghAta ho / kintu saMlekhanA meM yaha bAta nahIM hai| isa vrata ke pAMca aticAra haiM (1) ihalokAzaMsA prayoga-dhana, parivAra Adi isa loka saMbaMdhI kisI vastu kI AkAMkSA krnaa| (2) paralokAzaMsA prayoga-svarga sukha Adi paraloka se sambandha rakhane vAlI kisI bAta kI AkAMkSA krnaa| (3) jIvitAzaMsA prayoga-jIvita rahane kI AkAMkSA krnaa| (4) maraNAzaMsA prayoga-kaSToM se ghabarAkara zIghra marane kI AkAMkSA krnaa| (5) kAmabhogAzaMsA prayoga--atRpta kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke rUpa meM kAmabhogoM kI AkAMkSA krnaa| isa prakAra Ananda zramaNopAsaka samAdhipUrvaka AnaMda se deha tyAgakara prathama svarga ke adhikArI bne| kAmadeva Adi anya zrAvaka dUsare adhyayana meM kAmadeva zrAvaka kA varNana hai| apAra samRddhi ke bIca bhI vaha bar3A tyAga va tapa pradhAna jIvana jItA thaa| usane bhI zrAvaka dharma svIkAra kiyA thA aura antima samaya meM nivRtta hokara pauSadhazAlA meM apanA pavitra jIvana bitAne lagA thaa| eka bAra vaha pauSadha karake dharmajAgaraNa kara rahA thA ki madhyaratri meM eka mAyAvI deva bhayAnaka pizAca kA rUpa dhAraNa kara hAtha meM naMgI talavAra lekara AyA aura bolA--kAmadeva ! tU mokSa kI mRgatRSNA meM apane jIvana ko barbAda kara rahA hai| mere kahane se dharma ko chor3a, bhoga-upabhoga kA AnaMda lUTa /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 157 yadi merI bAta svIkAra nahIM karegA to maiM isI talavAra se tere Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dU~gA / kAmadeva sthira rhaa| daitya ne usa para krUra prahAra kiye, phira bhI vaha dharma-cintana meM lIna rahA / daitya ne hAthI evaM sarpa banakara use bhayaMkara vedanAe~ dIM para vaha vicalita na huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne zramaNa zramaNiyoM ko batAyA ki tumheM bhI isI prakAra saMyama dharma meM dRr3ha rahanA caahie| jIvana ke antima samaya meM usane samatA va zAMti ke sAtha 60 dina kA anazana kara dehatyAga kiyA aura prathama svarga prApta kiyaa| tIsare adhyayana meM culahIpitA aura cauthe adhyayana meM surAdeva kA tathA pA~caveM adhyayana meM culaNIzataka kA varNana hai| ina tInoM zrAvakoM ne bhI vrata grahaNa kiye aura anta meM pA~ca varSa taka paDimAdhArI (pratimAdhArI) ke rUpa meM virakta jIvana kI sAdhanA karate hue samAdhi maraNa prApta kara prathama svarga meM deva bane / chaThe adhyayana meM tatvajJAnI kuMDakolika zrAvaka kA varNana hai| usane bhagavAna mahAvIra se zrAvaka dharma grahaNa kiyaa| eka bAra madhyAhna meM vaha azokavATikA meM baiThA huA dharmacintana kara rahA thaa| usa samaya eka deva AyA / usa deva ne kahA- 'zramaNa mahAvIra dvArA kathita dharma upayukta nahIM hai kyoMki usameM utthAna aura parAkrama para bala diyA gayA hai| jabaki saba kucha to niyati ke AdhAra para hI calatA hai| gozAlaka kI dharmaprajJapti yuktiyukta hai jisameM utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura parAkrama kucha bhI nahIM hai, jo kucha hai vaha niyati hai / ataH mahAvIra kI dharmaprajJapti ko chor3akara gozAlaka kI dharmaprajJapti svIkAra kro|' kuMDakolika ne prativAda kiyA- 'jo tumheM yaha divya Rddhi Adi prApta huI hai kyA vaha binA puruSArtha ke huI hai ?' deva'hA~ / ' kuMDakolika - 'jitane bhI puruSArthahIna haiM ve Apake kathanAnusAra deva banane cAhie para aisA kyoM nahIM huA ?' deva pAsa isa tarka kA koI uttara nahIM thaa| mahAvIra ne apane zramaNa samudAya ke samakSa prastuta Adarza tArkika zrAvaka kI prazaMsA kI / isakA zeSa jIvana bhI anya zrAvakoM kI taraha dharma ArAdhanA meM bItA aura aMta meM samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyA / sAtaveM adhyayana meM kumbhakAra sakaDAlaputra kA varNana hai / vaha pahale

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158 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA AjIvika AcArya gozAlaka kA anuyAyI thA / deva se preraNA prApta kara vaha mahAvIra ko vandana karane gyaa| mahAvIra kI dharmadezanA suna kara use zraddhA jAgRta hii| usakI prArthanA ko sanmAna dekara bhagavAna usakI kuMbhazAlA meM pdhaare| bhagavAna ne pUchA-'ye ghar3e kaise banate haiM ?' usane ghaTanirmANa kI sArI prakriyA btaaii| mahAvIra ne kahA- 'yadi koI durmati puruSa dhUpa meM sUkhate hue tere ghar3oM ko patthara se phor3ane lage, terI patnI ke sAtha cher3achAr3a-kuceSTA karane lage to tere matAnusAra ye saba kucha niyatikRta hai| aisA karane meM usa manuSya kA koI aparAdha nahIM hai| yadi tU use aparAdha kA daMDa detA hai to phira niyativAda kA mAnanA kahA~ taka ucita hai ?' bhagavAna ke hRdayagrAhI, tarkayukta kathana se vaha prabhAvita hokara mahAvIra kA anuyAyI huaa| gozAlaka ne jaba usake mata-parivartana kI bAta jAnI taba vaha vahA~ aayaa| usane vividha upamAoM se mahAvIra kI stuti kara usako apanI ora AkarSita karane kA prayatna kiyA kintu saphala na ho skaa| mAyAvI deva ne bhI usakI parIkSA lii| jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM usane samAdhipUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA aura svarga ko prApta huaa| AThaveM adhyayana meM mahAzataka zrAvaka kA varNana hai| usake pAsa apAra vaibhava aura teraha patniyAM thiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra se zrAvakadharma svIkAra kiyaa| usakI patnI revatI atyanta bhoga-pipAsu, mAMsalolupI aura IrSyAlu thii| usane apanI bAraha sautoM (sapatniyoM) ko zastra evaM viSa prayoga karake mAra DAlA thaa| madya-mAMsa ke sevana se usakI vAsanAe~ prabala ho gaI thiiN| eka bAra mahAzataka pauSadhazAlA meM dhyAnastha the| usa samaya madya ke naze meM cUra hokara vaha bar3I nirlajjatA ke sAtha kAmayAcanA karane lgii| mahAzataka ko dhyAna meM sthira dekhakara use krodha AyA aura duSTa vacana bolane lgii| patnI ke isa nirlajja aura duSTa vyavahAra se mahAzataka ke mana meM kSobha paidA huaa| unhoMne kahA---'maiM apane jJAnabala se kahatA hU~ ki Aja se sAtaveM dina terI mRtyu hai| tU alasa roga se pIr3ita hokara atyanta vedanA aura duAna ke sAtha mRtyu ko prApta hokara prathama naraka meM utpanna hogii|' pati ke muMha se yaha bAta suna bhaya aura udvega se vaha vyAkula ho utthii| sAtaveM dina atyanta pIr3A aura zoka ke sAtha usane prANa tyAga diye / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gautama gaNadhara ko bhejakara sUcita kiyA ki tumane bar3e hI karkaza vacanoM ke sAtha patnI kI tarjanA kI aura usake hRdaya

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 156 ko coTa pahu~cAI, ataH tuma apanI bhUla kA prAyazcita kro| usane prAyazcita kiyA aura anta meM saMlekhanA-saMthArA ke sAtha samAdhi-mRtyU prApta kara svarga prApta kiyaa| naveM adhyayana meM nandinIpitA aura dasaveM adhyayana meM sAlihIpitA nAmaka do zrAvakoM kA varNana hai jo paDimAdhArI jIvana vyatIta kara anta samaya meM anazana kara prathama svarga meM mahadhika deva bne| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sabhI zrAvaka vratoM ko grahaNa karate haiN| vratoM kI yaha sUcI dhArmika va naitika jIvana kI prazasta AcAra-saMhitA hai| isakI Aja bhI utanI hI upayogitA hai jitanI paccIsa sau varSa pahale thii| mAnava svabhAva kI durbalatA jaba taka banI rahegI taba taka isakI upayogitA samApta nahIM ho sktii| zramaNa ke AcAradharma kA nirUpaNa aneka AgamoM meM hai, kintu gRhastha kA AcAradharma mukhya rUpa se prastuta Agama meM hI milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra upAsakoM kI sAdhanA para itanA dhyAna rakhate the, unheM samaya-samaya para protsAhita karate the aura vicalita hone para sAvaceta bhI karate the| ___ jayadhavalA meM likhA hai ki prastuta Agama upAsakoM ke 11 prakAra ke dharma kA varNana karatA hai| ve aMga ye haiM-darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, pauSadhopavAsa, sacittavirati, rAtribhojanavirati, brahmacarya, AraMbhavirati, parigrahavirati, anumativirati aura uddiSTavirati / / AnaMda Adi zramaNopAsakoM ne 11 pratimAoM kA ArAdhana kiyA thA jisake sambandha meM hama pahale prakAza DAla cuke haiN| vrata aura pratimA ye donoM sAdhanA kI paddhatiyA~ thIM, vratoM ke sAtha meM bhI ArAdhanA kI jAtI thI aura svataMtra bhii| jayadhavalA meM kevala pratimAoM kA ullekha hai, to samavAyAMga aura nandI meM vrata aura pratimA kA donoM kA ullekha hai| upasaMhAra vidyamAna anya aMga-sUtroM meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kA AcAra-nirUpaNa hI dikhAI detA hai kintu prastuta aMga kI vizeSatA hai 'zrAvakadharma' kA 1 (ka) kaSAyapAhuDa, mA0 1, pR0 126-130 (kha) aMgasuttANi, bhA0 3

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160 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nirUpaNa / isa aMga meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakAlIna daza zrAvakoM kA hI varNana haA hai| inameM bhI gAthApati AnaMda kA vizada rUpa meN| Ananda ko avadhijJAna bhI prApta huaa| sarvavatI gautama kA dezavratI Ananda se 'khamApanA' karAnA zramaNadharma meM nihita satyaniSThA aura Arjava bhAva kA pratIka hai| vastuta: tIrtha ke cAra staMbha haiM.zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura shraavikaa| eka dRSTi se zrAvaka-zrAvikA hI zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI vidyamAnatA ke AdhAra haiM / zrAvakoM ke abhAva meM zramaNoM kA TikanA ati kaThina hai| zrAvaka-dharma kI bhitti jitanI adhika har3ha hogI-satyaniSThA, zIla, sadAcAra aura nyAya-nIti para TikI hogI; zramaNadharma kI nIMva bhI utanI hI pratiSThita hogii| isa vicAra ke anusAra upAsakadazA kA mahatva gRhastha-zrAvaka ke lie atyadhika hai aura isa aMga-sUtra meM gRhI-dharma kA jIvanasparzI varNana haA hai|

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nAmakaraNa 8. antakRddazAsUtra prastuta Agama dvAdazAMgI kA AThavA~ aMga hai| isameM janma, maraNa kI paramparA kA anta karane vAle vyaktiyoM kA varNana hai aura isake daza adhyayana haiN| ata: isakA nAma antakRddazA hai| samavAyAMga meM isa Agama ke daza adhyayana aura sAta varga kahe haiM / " nandIsUtra meM ATha vargoM kA ullekha hai kintu daza adhyayanoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / " AcArya abhayadeva ne samavAyAMga vRtti meM donoM AgamoM ke kathana meM sAmaMjasya biThAne kA prayAsa karate hue likhA hai ki prathama varga meM daza adhyayana haiN| isa dRSTi se samavAyAMga sUtra meM daza adhyayana aura anya vargoM kI dRSTi se sAta varga kahe haiN| nandI sUtra meM adhyayanoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, kevala ATha varga batalAye haiM / parantu isa sAmaMjasya kA anta taka nirvAha kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki samavAyAMga meM antakRddazA ke zikSAkAla ( uddezanakAla) daza kahe gaye haiN| jabaki nandIsUtra meM unakI saMkhyA ATha batAI gaI hai| samavAyAMga kI vRtti meM AcArya abhayadeva ne likhA hai ki uddezanakAloM ke antara kA abhiprAya hameM jJAta nahIM hai / * AcArya jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne naMdIcUrNa meM aura AcArya hari - samavAyAMga prakIrNaka, samavAya sUtra 96 -bIsUtrapa 1 dasa ajmayaNA satta vaggA / 2 aTTha vaggA 3 dasa ayaNa ti prathamavargApekSayaiva ghaTante, nandyAM tathaiva vyAkhyAtatvAt pacceha paThyate 'satta vagga' tti tat prathamavargAdityavargApekSayA, yato'pyaSTa vargAH, nandyAmapi tathA paThitasvAt / - samavAyAMgavRtti, patra 112 4 tato bhaNitaM aTTha uddeNakAlA ityAdi, iha ca daza uddezanakAlA adhIyante iti nAsyAbhiprAyamavagacchAmaH / - samavAyAMgavRtti, patra 112 5 paDhamavagge daza ajjhayaNa tti tassakkhato aMtagaDada ti / - navIsUtra cUrNisahita, pR0 68

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162 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bhadra ne naMdIvRtti meM likhA hai ki prathama varga ke daza adhyayana hone se prastuta Agama kA nAma aMtagaDadasAo hai| cUNi meM dazA kA artha avasthA bhI kiyA hai| samavAyAMga meM daza adhyayanoM kA nirdeza hai kintu unake nAma kA nirdeza nahIM hai| ThANAMga meM daza adhyayanoM ke nAma batAye haiN| jaise nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta, sudarzana, jamAli, bhagAlI, kiMkaSa, cilvakka aura phAla aMbaDaputra / tattvArthasUtra ke rAjavAtika meM evaM aMgapaNNattI meM kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha daza nAma prApta hote haiN| jaise nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta, sudarzana, yamaloka, valIka, kaMbala, pAla aura aMbaSThaputra / usameM likhA hai ki prastuta Agama meM pratyeka tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM hone vAle daza-daza antakRt kevaliyoM kA varNana hai| jayadhavalA meM bhI isa bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai / naMdIsUtra meM na to daza adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai aura na unake nAmoM kA hI nirdeza hai / samavAyAMga aura tattvArthavArtika meM jina nAmoM kA nirdeza huA hai vaha vartamAna antakRzAMga meM nahIM hai / naMdIsUtra meM vartamAna meM upalabdha prastuta Agama ke svarUpa kA varNana hai| isa samaya antakRtdazAMga meM ATha varga haiM aura prathama varga ke daza adhyayana haiN| kintu inake nAma sthAnAMga, rAjavAtika va aMgapaNNattI se pRthak haiM / jaise gautama, samudra, sAgara, gaMbhIra, stimita, acala, kAMpilya, 1 prathamavarge dazAdhyayanAni iti tatsaMkhyayA antakRddazA iti / -naMdIsUtra vRttisahita, pR0 83 2 dasa tti-avatthA / - naMdIsUtra, pUNisahita, pR068 3 ThANaM, 101113 4 tattvArthavArtika, 1120, pR073 / 5 (ka) .......ityete daza vardhamAna tIrthakara tIrthe / evamRSamAdInAM trayoviMzatestIrtheSva nye'nye ca daza dazAnagArA daza daza dAruNAnupasargAnnijitya kRtsna karma kSayAdantakRtaH daza asyAM varNyante iti antkRddshaa| -tasvArthavAtika 1120, pR073 (kha) aMgapaNNattI, 51 6 aMtayaDadasA NAma aMgaM caubihovasagge dAruNe sahiUNa pADiheraM lavaNa NivANaM gade sudaMsaNAdi dasa-dasa sAhU titthaM paDivaNedi / - kasAyapAhuka, bhA0 1, pR0 130

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 163 akSobha, prasenajita aura viSNu / sthAnAMgavatti meM AcArya abhayadeva ne ise vAcanAntara likhA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vaha samavAyAMga meM vaNita vAcanA se pRthak hai| antagaDa zabda ke saMskRta rUpa do prApta hote haiM-(1) antakRta, (2) antHkRt| artha kI dRSTi se donoM meM antara nahIM hai kintu gaDa kA kRta rUpa adhika upayukta hai| viSaya-vastu prastuta Agama meM eka zrutaskandha, ATha varga, 90 adhyayana, 8 uddezanakAla, 8 samuddezanakAla aura parimita vAcanAe~ haiN| isameM anuyogadvAra, veDhA, zloka, niyuktiyA~, saMgrahaNiyA~ evaM pratipattiyA~ saMkhyAta-saMkhyAta haiN| isameM pada saMkhyAta aura akSara saMkhyAta hajAra batAye gaye haiN| vartamAna meM prastuta aMga 100 zloka parimANa haiM / isake AThoM varga kramazaH 10, 8, 13, 10, 10, 16, 13, aura 10 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta haiN| prathama do vargoM meM gautama Adi vRSNi kula ke 18 rAjakumAroM kI sAdhanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| unameM se daza kI dIkSA paryAya 12-12 varSa kI aura avazeSa ATha kI 16-16 varSa kI batAI gaI hai| ye sabhI rAjakumAra zramaNa banakara guNaratna saMvatsara jaise ugra tapa kI ArAdhanA karate haiM aura sabhI eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA kara mukti ko varaNa karate haiN| tRtIya varga ke 13 aura caturtha varga ke 10 adhyayanoM meM vAsudeva zrIkRSNa, baladeva aura samudravijaya ke putroM kA ullekha hai| ye sabhI arhat ariSTanemi ke pAvana pravacana ko zravaNa kara zramaNa banate haiM aura ugra tapa kara karmoM ko naSTa kara siddha hote haiN| inameM zrIkRSNa kA laghubhrAtA gajasukumAla to eka hI dina kI sAdhanA kara eka antarmuhUrta meM hI karmoM ko naSTa kara mukta huA thaa| gajasukumAla kA vyaktitva bar3A hI adbhuta hai| Aja bhI bhUle-bhaTake sAdhakoM ke lie usakI jIvana gAthA prakAzastambha ke samAna preraNAdAyI hai| paMcama varga meM zrIkRSNa ne dvArikA vinAza ke sambandha meM arhat ariSTanemi se jijJAsA prastuta kii| bhagavAna ne madirA, agni aura dvIpAyana RSi ke krodha ke kAraNa dvArikA kA vinAza batAyA aura kahA ki jisa samaya dvArikA bhasma hogI usa samaya tuma mAtA-pitA aura svajanoM se rahita hokara 1 tato bAcanAntarApekSANImAnIti sambhAvayAmaH / -sthAnAMgavRtti, patra 453

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164 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA baladeva ke sAtha ekAkI dakSiNa dizA ke kinAre pANDu-mathurA jAne ke lie nikloge| usa samaya kauzAmbI nagarI ke kAnana meM nyagrodha nAmaka vRkSa ke nIce pRthvIzilA paTa para pItavastra se apane zarIra ko AcchAdita kara tuma zayana karoge / usa samaya jarAkumAra vahA~ AegA aura mRga ke bhrama se tIkSNa bANa chor3egA / vaha bANa tumhAre paira meM lagegA / usase biddha hokara kAla kara tuma tRtIya pRthvI meM utpanna hooge| kRSNa ke cintita hone para bhagavAna ne punaH kahA ki tRtIya pRthvI se nikalakara jambUdvIpa ke zatadvAra nAmaka nagara meM bArahaveM amama nAmaka tIrthakara bnoge| yaha suna zrIkRSNa bahuta hI prasanna hue| zrIkRSNa kI rAnI padmAvatI, gorI, gAMdhArI, lakSmaNA, susImA, jAmbavaMtI, satyabhAmA aura rukmiNI ne dIkSA grahaNa kii| aura zrIkRSNa ke putra zAbakumAra kI patnI mUlazrI va mUladattA ne bhI dIkSA grahaNa kara utkRSTa sAdhanA kara ziva pada prApta kiyaa| : chaThe varga meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM hue solaha sAdhakoM kA varNana hai / usameM gAthApati, mAlI, rAjA aura bAlaka sabhI haiN| . arjuna mAlAkAra jo rAjagRha meM rahatA thA, usakI patnI baMdhumatI thii| nagara ke bAhara sundara bagIcA thA, jahA~ moggarapANi yakSa kA Ayatana thaa| arjuna usakA upAsaka thaa| eka bAra vaha apanI bhAryA ke sAtha bagIce meM puSpa cuna rahA thA ki nagara ke svacchandavihArI chaha vyaktiyoM kI TolI vahA~ para AI aura arjuna ko bA~dha bandhumatI ke sAtha duSkRtya karane lgii| yaha dRzya dekhakara arjuna ko atyadhika vedanA huI aura yakSa para kroSa bhii| usI kSaNa yakSa arjuna ke zarIra meM praviSTa ho gayA, vaha pratidina chaha puruSa aura eka strI kI hatyA karane lgaa| sudarzana zeTha ke satsaMga se vaha yakSa ke kaSTa se mukta ho gayA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM dIkSA grahaNa kara eka abhinava Adarza upasthita kiyaa| - isa varga meM muni atimukta kumAra kA bhI varNana hai| jo apane bAlasAthiyoM ke sAtha khela rahA thA / gaNadhara gautama ke adbhuta rUpa ko nihArakara usane pUchA, 'bhadanta ! Apa kauna haiM aura kyoM isa prakAra ghara-ghara ghUma rahe haiM ?' gautama ne kahA ki hama zramaNa nirgrantha haiM aura bhikSA ke lie paribhramaNa kara rahe haiN| taba vaha gautama kI aMgulI pakar3akara apanI mAM ke pAsa lAyA aura atyanta bhAva-pravaNatA se bhikSA pradAna kii| phira vaha gautama ke sAtha

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 165 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana ke lie pahu~cA aura upadeza sUnakara dIkSA lii| dIkSA lene ke pUrva mAtA-pitA ne usakI parIkSA bhI lii| dIkSA lete samaya usakI umra chaH varSa kI thii| bhagavatIsUtra meM jalapravAha meM nAva tirAne kA bhI prasaMga hai| usane guNamaMvatsara tapa kara anta meM vipulagiri para saMlekhanA / kara ajara-amara pada prApta kiyaa| sAtaveM aura AThaveM varga ke teIsa adhyayanoM meM nandA, nandamatI evaM kAlI, sukAlI Adi rAjA zreNika kI teIsa rAniyoM ke ugra sAdhanAmaya jIvana kA varNana hai| jinakA sampUrNa jIvana rAjamahaloM meM bItA thA aura makhamala ke mulAyama galIcoM para calane se bhI jinake sukomala para chila jAte the ve rAjarAniyA~ jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM saMyamI banI taba muktAvalI, ratnAvalI, kanakAvalI, laghusiMhanikrIDita, mahAsiMhanikrIDita, laghusarvatobhadra, mahAsarvatobhadra, bhadrottara evaM AyaMbila vardhamAna jaise ugra tapoM kA AcaraNa karatI haiN| jisa varNana ko par3hakara pAThaka ke roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra ugra tapa kI sAdhanA se karmoM ko naSTa karake ve mukta hotI haiN| upasaMhAra yaha sampUrNa Agama bhautikatA para AdhyAtmika vijaya kA saMdeza pradAna karatA hai| sarvatra tapa kI utkRSTa sAdhanA dikhalAI detI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne upavAsa aura dhyAna donoM ko mahattva diyA thaa| eka ko bAhya tapa aura dUsare ko Antarika tapa khaa| yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bAhya tapa ke sAtha unakA Antarika tapa-dhyAnAdi bhI calatA thaa| yadyapi dhyAna kA ullekha nagaNya rUpa se huA hai para bAhya tapa ke sAtha dhyAna anivArya hai| SaDvarSa jAtasya tasya pravajitatvAt Aha-chabvariso pavva iyo nimgaMdha roikaNa pAbayaNaM ti etadevAzcaryam anyathA varSASTakAdArAnna dIkSA syAt / / -dAnazekhara kI TIkA, patra 73-1

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9. anuttaropapAtikadazA prastuta Agama dvAdazAMgI kA navA aMga hai| isameM aise sAdhakoM kA varNana hai jinhoMne anuttara vimAnoM meM janma liyA aura phira manuSya janma pAkara mokSa prApta kreNge| isameM daza adhyayana haiM ataH isakA nAma anuttaropapAtikadazA hai / nandIsUtra meM kevala tIna vargoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai|' sthAnAMga meM kevala daza adhyayanoM kA varNana hai| tattvArtharAjavArtika ke abhimatAnusAra prastuta Agama meM pratyeka tIrthakara ke samaya meM hone vAle 10-10 anuttaropapAtika zramaNoM kA varNana hai| kaSAyapAhaDa meM bhI isI kA samarthana haA hai / samavAyAMga meM daza adhyayana aura tIna varga donoM kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai kintu usameM daza adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza nahIM hai| sthAnAMga ke anusAra unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-RSidAsa, dhanya, sunakSatra, kArtika, svasthAna, zAlibhadra, Ananda, tetali, dazArNabhadra aura atimukt| tattvArtha rAjavAtika ke anusAra unake nAma isa prakAra haiM--- 1 tiSiNa baggA.. -nandIsUtra 89 2. ThANaM 101114 ityete daza vardhamAna tIrthakaratIrthe / evamRSabhAdInAM trayoviMzatestIrtheSvanye'nye ca daza dazAnagArA daza daza dAruNAnupasargAnnijitya vijayAdyanuttareSUtpannA ityevamanuttaropapAdikaH dazAsyAM varNyanta itynuttroppaadikdshaa| -tasvArthavArtika 120, pR073 4 aNuttarauvavAdiyadasA NAma aMgaM caubvihovasagge dAruNesahiyaNa caubIsaNhaM titthayarANaM titthesu aNuttaravimANaM gade dasa dasa muNivasahe vaNNedi / -kasAyapAhuDa, bhA01, pR0130 ........."dasa ajjhayaNA tiSNi vaggA "....1 samavAo, paiNNama samavAo, 67 // 6 ThANaM 101114 7 tattvArtharAjavArtika za20, pR073|

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aga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 167 RSidAsa, vAnya, sunakSatra, kArtika, nanda, nandana, zAlibhadra, abhaya, vAriSeNa, cilaatputr| aMgapaNNattI meM unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-RSidAsa, zAlibhadra, sunakSatra, abhaya, dhanya, vAriSeNa, nandana, nanda, cilAtaputra, kArtika / dhavalA meM kArtika ke sthAna para kAtikeya aura nanda ke sthAna para Ananda ye nAma prApta hote haiN| vartamAna meM anuttaropapAtikadazA kA jo svarUpa upalabdha hai vaha sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga kI vAcanA se pRthak hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne sthAnAMgavRtti meM ise vAcanAntara kahA hai| anuttaropapAtikadazA meM eka zrutaskandha, tIna varga, tIna uddezana kAla, tIna samuddezanakAla, parimita vAcanAe~, saMkhyAta anuyogadvAra, saMkhyAta vizeSa prakAra kA veDhA nAmaka chanda, saMkhyAta zloka nAmaka chanda, saMkhyAta niyuktiyA~, saMkhyAta pratipattiyA~, saMkhyAta hajAra pada haiN| vartamAna meM prastuta Agama 3 vargoM meM vibhakta haiM jinameM kramazaH 10, 13, aura 10 adhyayana haiM / isa prakAra 33 adhyayanoM meM 33 mahAn AtmAoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| jinameM 23 rAjakumAra to samrATa zreNika ke putra haiN| viSaya-vastu . prathama varga meM jAli, mayAli, upajAli, puruSasena, vArisena, dIrghadanta, laSTadanta, vihalla, vehAyasa aura abhayakumAra ina daza rAjakumAroM kA, unakA janma, nagara, mAtA-pitA Adi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa saMyama svIkAra kara aura utkRSTa tapa kI ArAdhanA kara anuttaravimAna meM deva hue aura vahAM se cyuta hokara mAnava zarIra dhAraNa kara mukta hoNge| 1 ....."ujudAso saalibhddkkho| suNakkhatto amayo vi ya dhaSNo varavAriseNaNaMdaNayA / gaMdo cilAyaputto kattaiyo jaha taha aNNe / -aMgapaNNattI 55 2 SaTkhaMDAgama, 12122 3 tadevamihApi vAcanAntarApekSayAdhyayanavibhAga ukto na punarupalabhyamAna vAcanApekSayeti / .. -sthAnAMgavRtti, patra 453

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168 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA , dvitIya varga meM dIrghasena, mahAsena, laSTadanta, gUDhadanta, zuddha danta, halla, druma, drumasena, mahAdrumasena, siMha, siMhasena, mahAsiMhasena aura puSpasena ina 13 rAjakumAroM ke jIvana para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ye apanI tapaH sAdhanA se anuttara vimAna meM utpanna hue| vahA~ se cyUta hokara mAnava janma prApta kareMge aura siddha, buddha, mukta hoNge| tRtIya varga meM dhanyakumAra, sunakSatrakumAra, RSidAsa, pellaka, rAmaputra, candrika, pRSTimAtrika, peDhAlaputra, poTTilla aura behalla ina daza kumAroM ke bhogamaya va tyAgamaya jIvana kA sundara citra citrita kiyA gayA hai| isameM dhanyakumAra kA varNana isa prakAra se uTTaMkita hai| dhanyakumAra kA ugra tapa dhanyakumAra kAkaMdI kI bhadrA sArthavAhI ke putra the| unake pAsa vabhava aThakheliyAM kara rahA thA aura sAMsArika sukhoM kI kamI nahIM thii| eka dina zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tyAga-vairAgya se chalachalAte hue pAvana pravacanoM ko sunakara ve saMyama ke kaThora kaMTakAkIrNa mahAmArga para eka vIra senAnI kI bhAMti bar3hate haiN| unhoMne jisa tapomaya jIvana kA prArambha kiyA vaha adbhuta thaa| unake samAna tapa jaina sAhitya meM to kyA kisI bhI bhAratIya sAhitya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| kavikulaguru kAlidAsa ne kumArasaMbhava meM pArvatI ke ugra tapa kA varNana kiyA hai, para yaha sAdhikAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha dhanya muni ke tapa ke samAna nahIM thaa| unhoMne anagAra banate hI jIvana bhara ke lie chaTha-chaTha tapa se pAraNA karane kI pratijJA kii| pAraNe meM ve AcAmla vrata karate the aura rukSa bhojn| koI grahastha bAhara pheMkane ke lie prastuta hotA usa anna ko ikkIsa bAra pAnI se dhokara grahaNa karate aura usI pAnI kA upayoga bhI krte| tapa se unakA zarIra kevala asthipaMjara ho gyaa| eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra se samrATa zreNika ne jijJAsA prastuta kIbhagavan ! caudaha hajAra zramaNoM meM kauna anagAra mahAduSkara kAraka aura mahAnirjarA kAraka hai ? bhagavAna ne kahA-dhanya anagAra mahAduSkara kAraka 1 majjhimanikAya ke mahAsiMhanAdasutta meM tathAgata buddha ne apane pUrva jIvana meM isI prakAra ke ugra tapa kA varNana kiyA hai| dekhie-bodhirAjakumArasutta dIghanikAya kassapasiMhanAvasutta

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 166 aura mahAnirjarA kAraka hai| dhanya anagAra nava mAsa kI svalpAvadhi meM utkRSTa sAdhanA kara anta meM saMlekhanApUrvaka eka mAsa taka anazana kara sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM deva rUpa se utpanna hue| upasaMhAra isa prakAra 'anuttaropapAtikadazA' meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakAlIna ugra tapasviyoM kA varNana huA hai| ye sabhI tapasvI tapasyA karake anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna hue| ina tapasviyoM ke jIvana-prasaMgoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isase mahAvIrakAlIna sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM para bhI prakAza par3A hai| - isa dRSTi se bhI yaha aMga mahattvapUrNa hai| 1 evaM khalu seNiyA ! imAsi iMdabhUi-pAbhokkhANaM codasaNhaM samaNasAhassINaM dhaNe aNagAre mahAdukkarakArae ceva mahANijjarayarAe ceva / -anusaropapAtika, varga 3,01, sUtra 33

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10. praznavyAkaraNasUtra nAmakaraNa prastuta Agama dvAdazAMgI kA dasavA~ aMga hai| samavAyAMga',nandI aura anuyogadvAra meM praznavyAkaraNa ke lie 'paNhAvAgaraNAI ke rUpa meM bahuvacana kA prayoga milatA hai jisakA saMskRta rUpa 'praznavyAkaraNAni' hai| kintu isa samaya jo praznavyAkaraNasUtra prApta hai usameM 'paNhAvAgaraNe ke rUpa meM ekavacana kA prayoga huA hai| tattvArtha svopajJabhASya, dhavalA va rAjavAtika Adi granthoM meM paNNavAgaraNaM yA praznavyAkaraNa eka vacanAnta rUpa hI milatA hai| sthAnAMga meM 'paNhAvAgaraNadasA--praznavyAkaraNadazA milatA hai| kintu yaha nAma adhika pracalita nahIM ho skaa| viSaya-vastu praznavyAkaraNa kA artha praznoM kA vyAkaraNa arthAt nirvacana, uttara evaM nirNaya" hai / yahA~ para prazna zabda kA jo upayoga huA hai vaha sAmAnya prazna ke artha meM nahIM hai| prAcIna yuga meM vilupta praznavyAkaraNa jisameM darpaNaprazna, aMguSThaprazna, bAhuprazna, khaDgaprazna, Adi se sambandhita viSaya carcA thI jisakA sUcana naMdI Adi AgamoM meM upalabdha hai| tadanusAra prazna zabda, maMtravidyA, nimittavidyA prabhRti viSaya vizeSa se 1 samavAyAMga prakIrNasamavAya, sUtra 68 2 nandI, sUtra 60 3 anuyogadvAra, sUtra 50 4 tattvArthabhASya 120 5 paNNavAyaraNaM NAma aMga -kasAyapAhuGa bhA01, pR0134 . 6 praznavyAkaraNaM -tattvAryavArtika 220 7 (ka) paNho tti pucchA, paDivayaNaM vAgaraNaM pratyuttaramityarthaH -nabIcUNi (kha) praznaH pratItastannirvacanaM vyAkaraNaM, bahutvAd bahuvacanam ....... -AcArya haribhA--mandIvRtti

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 171 sambandhita hai| naMdI, samavAyAMga,2 naMdIcUNi, naMdI malaya girivatti, samavAyAMgavRtti' evaM sthAnAMgavRtti ke anusAra vicitra vidyAtizaya arthAta cAmatkArika praznoM kA vyAkaraNa jisa sUtra meM varNita hai vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| kintu yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki vartamAna meM jo praznavyAkaraNasUtra upalabdha hai usameM isa prakAra kI koI bhI carcA nahIM hai| ataH yahA~ praznavyAkaraNa kA sAmAnya artha jijJAsAeM haiN| jisa sUtra meM ahiMsA-hiMsA, satya aura asatya Adi dharma-adharma rUpa viSayoM kI carcA hai vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| jo prAcIna praznavyAkaraNasUtra thA vaha eka virATkAya Agama thaa| naMdIcUrNi' va samavAyAMgavatti ke anusAra isameM 1216000 pada the| dhavalA' meM usake padoM kI saMkhyA 1316000 mAnI gaI hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNakI zloka saMkhyA 1256 ke lagabhaga hai|11 samavAyAMga12 va nandI13 meM 45 adhyayana batAye haiN| sAtha hI usameM aneka saMkhyaka zlokoM aura niyuktiyoM Adi kA bhI ullekha 1 nandI, zrutajJAna prakaraNa, sUtra 13 2 samavAyAMga prakIrNaka 145 3 jAgA suvaNNA aNNe ya bhavaNavAsiNo te vijjAmaMtAgarisittA AgatA sAdhuNA saha saMvadaMti-jalpaM kreNti| -nabIcUNi 4 yA punavidyA maMtrA vA vidhinA japyamAnAH pRSTA evaM zubhAzubhaM kathayanti...... -nandIsUtra malayagirivRtti 5 abhye vidyAtizayA stambha-stoma-vazIkaraNa-vidveSIkaraNoccATanAdayaH / -samavAyAMgavRtti 6 praznavidyA yakAmiH kSomakAdiSu devatAvatAraH kriyte| -sthAnAMga, abhayavevIyAvRtti, 10 sthAna 7 prazna: pratItaH tadviSayaM nirvacanaM vyAkaraNam -nandIsUtra-malayagiri 8 padagyaM doNautilakkhA solasa ya shssaa| -lambIcUrNi dvinavatilakSaNANi SoDaza ca sahasrANi / -samavAyAMgavRtti 10 paNhavAyaraNaM NAma aMga teNaudilakkha-solasa sahassapadehi / ---dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 104 11 (ka) praznavyAkaraNasUtra--sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA, prastA0, pR0 14 / (kha) jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2, pR0158 meM 1300 zloka likhA hai| 12 "paNayAlIsaM uddesaNakAlA, paNayAlIsaM smuddesnnkaalaa| -samavAyAMgasUtra 145 13 paNayAlIsaM ajjhayaNA / / -nabIsUtra 66

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vartamAna meM jo praznavyAkaraNa hai usameM sthAnAMga meM varNita daza adhyayanoM meM se eka bhI adhyayana nahIM hai / nandI Adi AgamoM meM jahA~ praznavyAkaraNa kI carcA kI gaI hai vahA~ para aMguSThaprazna, bAhuprazna Adi kA to varNana hai para sthAnAMga meM batAye hue upamA, saMkhyA, RSibhASita Adi kA varNana nahIM hai / " samavAyAMga meM pratyekabuddhabhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita kA atisaMkSepa meM ullekha avazya huA hai kintu vaha viSaya ke rUpa meM ullekha hai; svataMtra adhyayana ke rUpa meM nahIM hai| isameM uddesaNa kAla 45 batalAye gaye haiM tathApi adhyayanoM kI saMkhyA kA spaSTa nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| gaMbhIra viSaya vAle adhyayanoM kI zikSA aneka dinoM taka bhI ho sakatI hai / 172 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kiyA hai / kintu sthAnAMga se usakI saMgati nahIM baiThatI hai / sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke upamA, saMkhyA, RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita mahAvIrabhASita, kSomakaprazna, komalaprazna, addAgaprazna, aMguSThaprazna aura bAhuprazna ye daza adhyayana haiM / samavAyAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se adhyayanoM kA ullekha nahIM hai para usake 'paNhAvAgaraNadasAsu' isa AlApaka ke varNana se yaha sahaja hI niSkarSa nikala sakatA hai ki samavAyAMga meM prastuta Agama ke daza adhyayanoM kI paramparA svIkRta hai / tasvArtha rAjavArtika ke anusAra prastuta Agama meM aneka AkSepoM aura vikSepoM ke dvArA hetu aura naya se Azrita praznoM kA uttara diyA gayA hai| laukika aura vaidika arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai|" jayadhavalA ke 1 saMkhejjA silogA, saMkhejjAo nijjutsiio| - namvIsUtra 2 paNhAvAgaraNadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahA - ubamA, saMkhA, isimAsiyAI, AyariyamAsiyAI, mahAvIramAsiyAI, khomagapasiNAI, komalapasiNAI, addAgapasinAI, aMguTThapasiNAI, bAhupasiNAI / --- samavAyAMga, sUtra 145 praznavyAkaraNadazA ihoktarUpA na dRzyamAnA tu paJcAsrava paJcasaMvarAtmikA / -- sthAnAMga abhayadevIyA vRtti, 10 sthAna para samayapaNNava patteyabuddha vivihatyabhAsAmAsiyANaM aisayaguNa uvasamaNANappagAra AyariyabhAsiyANaM vitthareNaM vIramahesIhiM vivivittharabhAsiyANaM / - samavAyAMga sUtra 145 vyAkaraNaM praznavyAkaraNam / tasmiMllotasvArthavArtika 1 / 20 pR0 73-74 sa-samaya 5 AkSepa vikSepahaeNtunayAzritAnAM praznAnAM kika vaidikAnAmarthAnAM nirNayaH / 3 4

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 173 abhimatAnusAra prastuta Agama meM AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI aura nivedanI ina cAra kathAoM tathA prazna ke AdhAra para naSTa, muSTi, ciMtA, lAbha, alAbha, sukha-du:kha, jIvana aura maraNa kA varNana hai / ' ukta granthoM meM praznavyAkaraNa kA jo viSaya vaNita kiyA gayA hai vaha Aja ke prazna-vyAkaraNa meM upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kaba lupta huA isa sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya devadhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke samaya vaha vidyamAna thaa| yadi unake samakSa vidyamAna na hotA to ve usakA ullekha kaise karate ? naMdI sUtra kI cUNi meM sarvaprathama AcArya jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa ke viSaya se sambandhita pA~ca saMvara Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai| para mUlanandI meM usakA ullekha nahIM hai| navIna praznavyAkaraNa prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa meM jyotiSa, mantra, tantra, vidyAtizaya Adi viSayoM kA parivartana karake navIna viSayoM kA saMkalana isalie kiyA gayA hai ki vartamAna samaya kA koI anadhikArI vyakti sUtra meM pratipAdita cAmatkArika vidyAoM kA durupayoga na kre| ata: uttarakAla ke gItArtha sthavira bhagavaMtoM ne isa prakAra kI sabhI vidyAe~ praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM se nikAla dI aura usake sthAna para kevala Asrava aura saMvara kA samAveza kara diyA / prastuta kathana kA samarthana AcArya abhayadeva aura AcArya jJAnavimala ne bhI kiyA hai| 1 paNhavAyaraNaM NAma aMgaM akkhevaNI-vikkhevaNI-saMveyaNI-NigveyaNINAmAo caubvihaM kahAo paNhAdo gaTTha-muTThi-citA-lAhAlAha-sukhadukkha-jIviyamaraNANi ca bnnnnedi| -sAyapAhuDa, bhAga 1, pR0131, 132 2 paNhAvAgaraNe aMge paMcasaMvarAdikA vyAkhyeyA, parappavAdiNo ya aMguTha-bAhupasiNAdiyANaM pasiNANaM aThThataraM sataM / -nanbocUNi 3 praznAnA--vidyAvizeSANAM yAni vyAkaraNAni teSAM pratipAdanaparA dazAdazadhyayana pratibaddhAH granthapaddhataya iti praznavyAkaraNadazAH ayaM ca vyutpattyartho'sya pUrvakAle'bhUt / idAnI svAsravapaJcaka saMvarapaJcakavyAkRterevehopalabhyate,, atizayAnAM pUrvAcAryaraidaMyugInAnAmapuSTAlambana pratiSevi puruSApekSayottAritatvAditi / -praznavyAkaraNavRtti, prArambha 4 praznA: aMguSThAdi praznavidyAstA vyAkriyante abhidhIyante asminniti prazna vyAkaraNam etAdRzaM aMgaM pUrvakAle'bhUt / idAnIM tu Asrava-saMvarapaJcakavyAkRtireva

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174 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI racanA kyoM kI ? yaha prazna sahaja hI udbhUta ho sakatA hai ki vItarAga tIrthaMkara! prabhu ne aise viSaya kA nirUpaNa hI kyoM kiyA jise bAda meM nikAlanA par3A ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki - utsarga mArga meM isa prakAra kI vidyAoM kA upayoga niSiddha mAnA hai para AdhyAtmika utkarSa hetu aura bhAvuka bhavya jIvoM ke antarmAnasa meM tyAga - vairAgya kI bhAvanA paidA karane ke lie, unake antarmAnasa meM yaha vizvAsa paidA karane ke lie ki atItakAla meM tIrthaMkara hue haiM, unhoMne isa prakAra ke alaukika praznoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yadi tIrthaMkara na hote to isa prakAra ke praznoM kA prAdurbhAva bhI nahIM ho sakatA thaa| ataH apavAda rUpa meM AcArya ina vidyAoM kA upayoga karate the / sambhava yahI hai-kAla prabhAva se paristhiti parivartita hone se viziSTa jJAnasaMpanna zrutadhara AcAryoM ne ina vidyAoM ke durupayoga kI AzaMkA hone se unhoMne una vidyAoM ko prastuta aMga meM se nikAlA ho / vizeSa zodhArthiyoM ko isa sambandha meM anveSaNa karanA caahie| praznavyAkaraNa ke daza adhyayana aura eka zrutaskandha haiM / isa kathana kA samarthana praznavyAkaraNa ke upasaMhAra vacana se evaM nandI aura samavAyAMga se hotA hai| kintu abhayadevasUri ne praznavyAkaraNa kI vRtti meM likhA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa ke do zrutaskandha haiM--AsravadvAra aura sNvrdvaar| pratyeka zrutaskandha ke pAMca-pAMca adhyayana haiN| ve Age yaha bhI likhate haiM ki do zrutaskandha kI nahIM apitu eka zrutaskandha kI mAnyatA hI rUr3ha hai / hamArI dRSTi se do zrutaskandha kI mAnyatA tarkasaMgata hai kyoMki Asrava aura saMvara ye do bhinna bhinna viSaya haiM / labhyate / pUrvAcAryairaiyugIna puruSANAM tathAvidhahIna hInatara pANDitya bala-buddhi-vIryApekSayA puSTAlambanamuddizya praznAdividyAsthAne paJcAsrava saMvararUpaM samuttAritam / -- praznavyAkaraNaTIkA, prAraMbha - praznavyAkaraNa upasaMhAra 1 paNhAvAgaraNe NaM ego suyakkhaMdho dasa ajjhayaNA / 2 naMdI sU0 13 3 samavAyAMga prakIrNaka sUtra / 4 ... do suyakkhaMdhA paNNattA - AsavadArA ya saMvaradArA ya ghassa........paMca ajjhayaNA ... / doccassaNaM suyakkhaMdhassa paMca ajjhayaNA / 5 " yAceyaM dvizrutaskandhatoktA'stha sA na rUDhA, eka zrutaskandhatAyA evaM rUDhatvAt / " paDhamassaNaM suyakkha

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 175 prastuta Agama kA mahattva praznavyAkaraNasUtra kA Agama sAhitya meM eka viziSTa aura mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM praznoM kA samAdhAna hai| tana ke nahIM kintu mana ke praznoM kA samAdhAna hai| tana ke rogoM se bhI mana ke roga adhika bhayaMkara hote haiN| tana ke roga eka janma meM hI pIr3A dete haiM kintu mana ke roga janma-janmAntaroM taka usake pIche lage rahate haiN| una rogoM kI sahI cikitsA kA varNana prastuta Agama meM hai| prathama khaNDa meM una rogoM ke nAma batAye haiM--- hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahmacarya, parigraha / aura una rogoM kI cikitsA dUsare khaNDa meM batAI hai-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / paJca AsravadvAra prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adharma dvAra ke prathama adhyayana meM hiMsA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA pAparUpa, anArya karma aura narakagati meM le jAne vAlI hai / asaMyamI, avirata mana, vANI aura kArya ko azubhayoga meM pravRtti karane vAle jIva pazu-pakSiyoM kI hiMsA karate haiM / sa jIvoM kI hiMsA ke vividha kAraNoM meM se mukhya kAraNa haiM-asthi, mAMsa, carma aura prANiyoM ke aMgopAMga Adi, jinakA upayoga mAnava apane zarIra kI zobhA ko bar3hAne ke lie yA apane bhavya bhavana ko sajAne ke lie karatA hai| pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA kRSi, kUpa, bAvar3I, caitya, smAraka, stUpa, bhavana, maMdira, mUrti prabhRti vastuoM ke lie kI jAtI hai| kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hokara maMdabuddhi vAle dharma, artha aura kAma kI dRSTi se saprayojana yA niSprayojana hiMsA karate haiN| hiMsA cAhe sthAnaka, caitya, mandira, maTha, yajJAdi kAryoM ke lie kI jAya vaha hiMsAhiMsA hI hai| dharma ke lie kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kabhI bhI ahiMsA nahIM ho sktii| vaha to artha aura kAma ke nimitta kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kI taraha adharma hI hai| prANavadha Adi hiMsA ke 30 nAma batAye haiN| dvitIya adhyayana meM asatya ko bhayaMkara avizvAsakAraka batAte hue usake 30 nAma batAye haiM / dhArmika dRSTi se hI asatya tyAjya hai aisI bAta nahIM kintu vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhI asatya ko mahApApa ginA hai| asatya bolane vAloM kA saMsAra meM koI vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| vaha mokSarUpI kalpavRkSa ko kATanevAlI kulhAr3I hai| jina vacanoM ko bolane se jana-jana ke antarmAnasa meM pIr3A pahu~catI hai vaha asatya hai| kaSAyavaza prANiyoM ko

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176 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pIr3A dene vAle asad - aprazasta vacana bolanA bhI asatya hai / asatyavAdI isa loka meM bhI avizvAsa kA pAtra banatA hai aura paraloka meM bhI use naraka, tiryaMca gati kI asahya vedanA bhoganI par3atI hai / mRSAvAdiyoM meM juArI, giravI rakhane vAle vaNika, honAdhika taulane vAle, nakalI mudrA banAne vAle, svarNakAra, vastrakAra, cugalakhora, dalAla, lobhI, svArthI Adi ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| sAtha hI nAstikoM, ekAntavAdiyoM aura kudarzanavAdiyoM ko bhI mRSAbhASI kahA hai / tRtIya adhyayana meM taskara kRtya ko cintA aura bhaya kI jananI batAyA gayA hai| kisI kI vastu ko svAmI kI anumati ke binA grahaNa karanA adattAdAna / corI kevala dUsare ke artha yA padArthoM kI hI nahIM hotI apitu adhikAra, upayoga yA bhAvoM kI bhI hotI hai| vizva meM jitane bhI pApakRtya haiM unameM bhaya rahA huA hai| prArambha meM jaba mAnava pApakRtya karatA hai taba use eka prakAra se avyakta bhaya pratIta hotA hai kintu dhIre-dhIre abhyasta hone se use bhaya kI pratIti bhale hI na ho, para bhaya rahatA hI hai / Aja vizva meM azAnti ke kAle kajarAre bAdala umar3a-ghumar3akara maMDarA rahe haiM, sabala nirbala ke adhikAra chInanA va jhapaTanA cAhatA hai; isake mUla meM steyavRtti hI kArya kara rahI hai| usI vRtti se mAnava kA caritra dinapratidina gira rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki atyadhika lAlasA vAle, para-dhana aura para bhUmi para Asakta, para rASTra para adhikAra karane kI lAlasA se AkramaNa karane vAle, azvacora, pazucora, dAsacora Adi ke sabhI upakrama taskara paridhi meM garbhita haiN| taskara ke upakramoM para bhI vistAra se vivecana karate hue unheM paradravyahArI, anukaMpArahita evaM nirlajja kahA hai| cora ko na to isa loka meM zAMti milatI hai aura na paraloka meM hI / caturtha adhyayana meM maithuna -kuzIla ko jarA-maraNa, rAga, dveSa, zoka va moha kA vivardhaka kahA hai| maithuna adharma kA mUla, jIvana meM mahAn doSoM kI abhivRddhi karane vAlA, AtmA ke patana kA janaka aura mokSamArga meM vighnarUpa hai| isake abrahma Adi 30 nAma pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| pyAsa lagane para jaise kerosina pIne para pyAsa zAMta nahIM hotI, vaha aura adhika bhar3akatI hai yahI sthiti bhoga bhogane para hotI hai| lAkhoM-karor3oM varSoM taka bhoga bhogane para bhI devagaNa tRpta nahIM hote| maithunAsakta prANI mahAn anartha bhI kara dete haiN| sItA, draupadI, rukmiNI padmAvatI, tArA, kaMcanA, subhadrA, ahilyA,

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 177 suvarNagulikA, kinnarI, surUpA, vidyunmati aura rohiNI ke lie kitane bhayaMkara saMgrAma hue haiM, isa para zAstrakAra ne prakAza DAlA hai| maithuna ke dAruNa duHkhoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue zAstrakAra ne indriyoM aura mana para saMyama rakhane kI prabala preraNA pradAna kI hai| paMcama adhyayana meM parigraha kA ullekha hai| saMcaya, upacaya, nidhAna, piMDa, mahecchA, upakaraNa, saMrakSaNa, saMstava, Asakti ye sabhI parigraha ke paryAyavAcI haiN| isameM vRkSa ke rUpaka ke mAdhyama se parigraha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM yaha batAyA hai ki cAra jAti ke deva, devI evaM karmabhUmi ke cakravartI samrATa se lekara eka bhikhArI meM bhI parigraha vRtti hotI hai| parigraha vRtti ke kAraNa hI mAnava saikar3oM prakAra kI zilpAdi kalAoM kA adhyayana karatA hai, puruSoM kI 72 va striyoM kI 64 kalAoM kA adhyayana karatA hai| parigraha ke hetu hI hiMsA, jhUTha, adattaharaNa Adi duSkarma tathA kSudhA-pipAsA aura apamAna Adi ke vividha kaSToM ko sahana karatA hai| parigraha kA baMdhana sabase baDA baMdhana hai| parigrahI vyakti isa jIvana meM bhI du:khI hotA hai aura paraloka meM bhii| ata: zAstrakAra ne kahA-'saMpUrNa duHkhoM ko dUra karane vAlI yaha jinavANI rUpI auSadha sabhI ko ni:zulka dI jA rahI hai, para isakA sevana na kara asahya kaSToM ko bhoga rahe haiN| yahI sabase bar3A Azcarya hai|'' dUsare zrutaskandha meM pAMca dharmadvAroM-saMvara dvAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ve ye haiM-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aprigrh| paJca saMvaradvAra dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana meM ahiMsA kA vizleSaNa hai| ahiMsA ke nirvANa, nirvati,samAdhi, zakti, kIti, kAMti, dayA, vimukti, abhaya Adi 60 nAma batAye gaye haiN| hiMsA kA lakSaNa hai-pramAda va kaSAyavaza kisI bhI prANI ke prANoM ko mana, vacana va kAyA se bAdhA phuNcaanaa| isalie ahiMsA kA lakSaNa hogA 'unheM bAdhA na phuNcaanaa'| kevala bAdhA pahu~cAnA hI nahIM apitu usake lie kisI bhI taraha kI anumati denA bhI hiMsA hai| pratyakSa yA apratyakSa kisI bhI rUpa meM prANI ko kaSTa na denA ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA aura hiMsA kI AdhArabhUmi mukhya rUpa se bhAvanA hai| mana meM hiMsA hai to bAhara meM ahiMsA hone para bhI hiMsA hI hai| yadi mana meM pavitra bhAvamAe~ aMgar3AiyAM le rahI haiM, viveka prabuddha hai to bAhara meM hiMsA pratIta hote hue bhI ahiMsA hai|

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178 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA antarmAnasa meM dveSa, ghRNA va apakAra kI bhAvanA kA abhAva ho aura prema, karuNA va kalyANa bhAvanA kA sAgara uchala rahA ho, to zikSA ke lie ucita tAr3anA denA, roga nivAraNa ke lie kaTu auSadha denA, jIvana ko sudhArane ke lie prAyazcita denA hiMsA nahIM hai / mana meM dUSita bhAvanA ho yA saMkalpapUrvaka apane nimitta se kisI dUsare ke mana meM dUSita bhAvanA paidA kI ho to hiMsA hai| ahiMsaka sAdhaka ke mana-vANI va jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa meM ahiMsA kA svara jhaMkRta hotA hai| usake citta meM ahiMsA kI nirmala srotasvinI pravAhita hotI hai| usake bhASaNa meM dayA kA madhura rasa barasatA hai aura usakI pratyeka zArIrika pravRtti meM ahiMsA kI sumadhura jhaMkAra jhaMkRta hotI hai| vaha ahiMsA bhagavatI kI brahma ke samAna upAsanA karatA hai| jaise pakSiyoM ke lie anaMta AkAza aura naukA ke lie samudra AdhAra hai vaise hI samasta jIvoM ke lie ahiMsA AdhAra hai / vaha kSemaMkarI hai| tIrthaMkaroM dvArA sudRSTa hai aura viziSTa jJAniyoM dvArA anupAlita va upadiSTa hai| ahiMsA ke rakSaNArtha AhAra-zuddhi Avazyaka hai / SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA ke nimitta zuddha AhAra kI gaveSaNA kA isameM upadeza diyA gayA hai| zramaNa ko kisa prakAra AhAra kI gaveSaNA karanI cAhie isa para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jo AhAra kRtakArita na ho, krayadoSa se rahita ho, udgama, utpAta va eSaNA doSa se dUSita na ho kintu navakoTi zuddha ho vaha AhAra zramaNa ke lie grAhya hai| maMtra -mUlabhaiSajya svapnaphala aura jyotiSa Adi batAkara liyA gayA AhAra agrAhya hai / ahiMsA ke isa vrata kI rakSA ke lie pAMca bhAvanAe~ batAI gaI haiN| prathama bhAvanA meM sa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI rakSA hetu dekhakara calanA, ise IryAsamiti kahate haiN| dUsarI bhAvanA manaHsamiti kI hai; jisameM azubha va adhArmika vicAra nahIM karanA va tIsarI bhAvanA vAksamiti kI hai, jisameM sAvadha bhASA kA prayoga na karanA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| cauthI bhAvanA eSaNAsamiti kI hai jisameM bhikSaMSaNA ke nimitta zramaNa ko yaha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki vaha aneka gharoM se svalpa-svalpa bhikSA grahaNa kare, guru ke samakSa usakI AlocanA kare aura apramatta hokara zubhayogoM kA cintana kare / usake pazcAt sabhI zramaNoM ko nimaMtrita kara mUrcchArahita hokara kevala sAdhanA hetu prANadhAraNa karane kI dRSTi se AhAra grahaNa kare / pA~cavI AdAnanikSepaNasamiti meM pITha, phalaga aura zayyA saMstAraka, vastra

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 176 pAtra kaMbala, daMDa, rajoharaNa, colapaTTa, mukhavastrikA aura paira poMchane kA kapar3A Adi upakaraNoM ko rAga-dveSa rahita bhAvanA se yatanApUrvaka grahaNa kare / jo sAdhaka isa prakAra niyamoM kA pAlana karatA huA jIvana yApana karatA hai vaha ArAdhaka hai / dvitIya adhyayana meM satya kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / vastu kA yathArtha jJAna aura bhASaNa satya hai / satya, ahiMsA kA hI virATa rUpa hai / satya kA vyavahAra kevala vANI se hI nahIM hotA apitu usakA mUla udgama sthAna mana hai / jaisA dekhA ho, jaisA sunA ho, jaisA anumAna kiyA ho vaisA hI vANI se kathana karanA aura mana meM dhAraNa karanA satya hai / satya komala va madhura honA caahie| jisa vANI se prANiyoM kA hita na ho, jisase mana meM kaSTa ho vaha satya hote hue bhI satya nahIM hai ataH satya 'zivaM sundara' honA caahie| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne satya ko bhagavAna kahA hai| satyavAdI na samudra meM DUbatA hai, na agni meM jalatA hai, vikaTa se vikaTa paristhiti meM bhI vaha surakSita rahatA hai| vaha deva-dAnava aura mAnava dvArA vaMdanIya hai / satyavAdI zramaNoM ke lie bhASA sambandhI jJAna Avazyaka hai| jisase vaha nAmasatya, rUpasatya, sthApanAsatya jaise bhedoM kI vAstavikatA ko jAna sake jo vyavahAra kI dRSTi se satya mAnA jAtA hai| satya dharma ke rakSaNArthaM pA~ca bhAvanAe~ pratipAdita kI haiN| prathama bhAvanA anucintya samiti rUpa hai| sadguru se mRSAvAda viramaNa - satyavacanapravRttirUpa saMvara ke prayojana ko sunakara, usake rahasya ko jAnakara saMzayayukta va zIghra zIghra na bole, kaTuvacana na bole, caMcalatA se na bole, cintana-purassara bole| dUsarI bhAvanA krodhanigraha zAMtirUpa hai / krodha na kare, cUMki krodhI mAnava raudrarUpa pariNAmoM ke vazIbhUta hokara mithyA bolatA hai, vaha eka dUsare kI cugalI khAtA hai aura vaira-virodha paidA kara detA hai / vaha satya - zIla- sadAcAra kA nAza karatA hai / krodhI mAnava sarvatra tiraskAra kA pAtra hotA hai / ata: krodha karanA ucita nahIM hai / kSamAbhAva kI surasaritA meM nimagna rahane vAlA sAdhaka sadA AnaMda kA anubhava karatA hai| tIsarI bhAvanA lobhavijayarUpa nirlobhabhAvanA 1 paMcamaM AdAnaniklevaNasamiIpIDhaphalaga sijjA saMthAragavatthapatta-kaMbala daMDagarayaharaNacolapaTTagamuhapottiga pAyapuMchanAdI / ---zrI praznavyAkaraNa 2 / 1 / 23

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180 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hai| krodha kI bhAMti lobha bhI satya kA zatru hai| krodha dveSAtmaka vRtti hai to lobha rAgAtmaka hai| jisa prakAra sahasrarazmi sUrya para bAdala chA jAne se usakA prakAza maMda ho jAtA hai aura kabhI-kabhI kAlI ghaTA ke Ane se aMdhakAra bhI ho jAtA hai vaise hI buddhi rUpI sUrya para krodha aura lobha kI ghaTAeM chA jAne para viveka kA prakAza lupta ho jAtA hai aura mana meM aviveka kA aMdhakAra vyApta ho jAtA hai| billI jaise dUdha pIne ke lAlaca meM sAmane par3I huI lakar3I ko nahIM dekhatI vaise hI lobha ke kAraNa Ane vAlI vipattiyoM ko mAnava nahIM dekhatA / vaha aneka vipattiyA~ sahana karatA hai / satya kA sAdhaka satata yaha cintana karatA hai ki azana, vasana aura bhavana, jisa para maiM lubdha ho rahA hai, jinakI mamatA meM maiM pAgala ho rahA hai, jinake lobha kA jvAra jvara kI taraha mujhe pIr3ita kara rahA hai, yaha saba saMpatti to vipatti hai| saccI saMpatti to Atma-zAMti hai| isa bhAvanA se sAdhaka lobha para vijaya prApta kara apUrva ullAsa, nispRhatA kA anubhava karatA hai| caturtha bhAvanA bhayavarjanarUpa-dhairyayukta abhaya bhAvanA hai| lobha eka taraha se mIThe Thaga ke sadRza hai / vaha sAdhaka ke jIvana-rasa ko cupake-cupake cUsatA hai kintu bhaya kar3avA Thaga hai| bhaya se mana AtaMkita, durbala aura vyAkula ho jAtA hai| bhaya jIvana ko aMdhakAra meM Dhakelane vAlA hai aura manobala ko girAne vAlA hai| bhayabhIta mAnava kabhI satya nahIM bola sakatA, ata: sAdhaka sadA bhaya se dUra rahatA hai| vaha cintana karatA hai-jJAna, darzana, cAritra jaisI amUlya nidhi mere pAsa hai, viveka-vicAra-saMtoSa va samatva jaise parama snehI mitra mere sahAyaka haiM phira mujhe kisa bAta kA Dara hai ? isa prakAra ke cintana-manana se mana meM nirbhayatA ke saMskAra dRr3ha hote haiM aura vaha dhairyayukta abhaya bhAvanA se AtmA ko bhAvita karatA hai| pAMcavIM bhAvanA hAsyamuktivacanasaMyamarUpa hai| hAsya satya kA zatru hai| satyavaktA eka-eka vacana cintana kI gaharAI meM DUbakara prayoga karatA hai jisameM viveka kI camaka hotI hai| kintu haMsImajAka meM bolane vAlA zabdoM kA vivekayukta cunAva nahIM krtaa| vaha to aisI bAta kahanA cAhatA hai jisase sunane vAle ha~sa pdd'eN| vaha jhUTha bhI bolatA hai, atizayokti bhI karatA hai, vidUSaka yA bhAMDa ke samAna kuceSTA kara vividha prakAra kI AvAjeM bhI nikAlatA hai| ye saba AcaraNa tyAjya haiM kyoMki jisakA majAka kiyA jAtA hai usake hRdaya meM coTa pahu~catI hai / ataH sAdhaka satata sAvadhAna rahakara aise saMskAra jAgRta kare jisase usakI vANI

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 181 meM hAsya aura asatya vacanoM kA samAveza na ho| usakI vANI sadA saMyata aura gaMbhIra rhe| tIsare adhyayana meM acaurya para prakAza DAlA hai| acaurya ahiMsA aura satya kA hI rUpa hai| jaise chipakara yA balAtkArapUrvaka kisI vyakti kI vastu yA dhana kA haraNa karanA corI hai vaise hI anyAyapUrvaka kisI vyakti, samAja yA rASTra kA adhikAra haraNa karanA bhI corI hai| vaha sAdhaka mana, vacana va karma se na kisI kI corI karatA hai, na karavAtA hai, aura na karane kA anumodana karatA hai| ahiMsA aura satya kA acaurya ke sAtha gaharA saMbaMdha hai| ahiMsA se mana meM karuNA kI bhAvanA puSTa hotI hai| satya se sAhasa va abhayaniSThA jAgRta hotI hai / acaurya se mana kI asIma AkAMkSA aura vitRSNA para aMkuza rahatA hai / hiMsA meM krUratA mukhyarUpa se rahatI hai jabaki corI meM tRSNA kI mukhyatA hotI hai| kisI bhI sundara vastu ko dekhakara taskara ke mana meM icchA hotI hai ki maiM ise kaise prApta karUM? usake mana meM caMcalatA AtI hai aura yena-kena-prakAreNa usa vastu ko prApta karatA hai| isa sUtra meM corI kI do paribhASAe~ prApta hotI haiM-(1) arthaharaNa corI aura (2) adhikAra haraNa corii| isa vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAeM haiN| prathama nimittavAsasamitibhAvanA-jo sthAna prAsuka ho, kisI ko pIDAkArI na ho, jahA~ para striyoM kA AvAgamana na ho, jahA~ para rahane se sAdhu ke AcAra meM koI skhalanA hone kI saMbhAvanA na ho aura kisI prakAra kA AraMbha-samAraMbha na karanA par3e aise sthAna meM AvAsa karanA caahie| zramaNa cintana kare ki maiM anagAra haiM; jaise sA~pa cUhoM ke banAye hue bila meM rahatA hai usI prakAra mujhe parakRta-dUsaroM ke nimitta bane hue nirdoSa makAnoM meM hI rahanA cAhie / sardI, garmI aura varSA meM asuvidhA hone para vaha soce ki ye kSaNika haiM, mujhe hamezA ke lie yahA~ nahIM rahanA hai| merA jIvana to saritA kI bhA~ti gatizIla hai| Aja yahA~ to kala vahA~, mujhe apane vratoM kI rakSA karanI hai| isa prakAra ke cintana se vaha apanI bhAvanA ko sudRr3ha banAtA hai| dUsarI bhAvanA anujJAtasaMstArakagrahaNarUpa avagraha samiti hai / AvAsa kI cintA se mukta hone para zramaNa ke sAmane dUsarI cintA bichaune yA saMstAraka kI hai / zramaNa binA dI huI koI bhI vastu grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa|

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182 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA yadi zayyAsaMstAraka anukUla na mile taba bhI vaha khinna na ho| vaha yahI soce ki pRthvI hI sundara seja hai, vaha puSpazayyA ke samAna hai aura apanI bhujA hI mulAyama takiyA hai / isa prakAra vaha mana meM samAdhi rakhatA hai| tIsarI bhAvanA zayyAsaMstArakaparikarmavarjanArUpa zayyAsamiti hai| yaha uparyukta donoM bhAvanAoM kA sammilita rUpa hai| zramaNa jisa makAna meM rahe vaha yadi havAdAra na ho, TUTA-phUTA ho, macchara Adi hoM, to apanI sukhasuvidhA ke lie usakI marammata karavAne kI na soce| bichaune ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta hai| jahA~ hiMsA hai vahAM corI bhI hai kyoMki jina jIvoM ke prANa lie jA rahe haiM unakI anumati to prApta kI hI nahIM hai| para-prANaharaNa para-dhanaharaNa se bhI bar3I corI hai| isa prakAra mana ko samatAyoga meM ramA kara zayyAparikarma kI varjanA karatA haA apane cAritra ko nirmala rkhe| caturtha bhAvanA anujJAtabhaktAdi bhojanalakSaNA sAdhAraNapiMDapAtalAbha samiti hai| AvAsa, zayyA ke pazcAt bhojana AtA hai| isa bhAvanA meM jo bhI AhAra prApta ho use akelA bhogane kI icchA na kare aura na use chipAkara rakha le| yaha saMgha va AcArya kI corI hai| isase saMgha aura sArmikoM ke adhikAra kA hanana hotA hai| saMgha meM avizvAsa aura aprIti bar3hatI hai| jo akelA khAtA hai vaha apane cAritra ko dUSita karatA hai| saMvibhAga nahIM karane vAle ko mukti nahIM miltii| asaMvibhAgI zramaNa pApazramaNa hai| ata: zramaNa ko sadA saMvibhAga---samAna vitaraNa kI vRtti va saMskAra jAgRta karane ke lie ukta bhAvanA kA cintana karate rahanA caahie| pA~cavIM bhAvanA sArmikoM meM vinayakaraNabhAvanA samiti hai| sAdhamika kA artha samAna dharma va samAna AcAra vAlA hai| pratyeka zramaNa kA dharma, niyama, maryAdA va AcAra samAna hotA hai| ataH ve paraspara sArmika kahalAte haiN| sArmika ke prati sammAna kI bhAvanA rakhane kA mAdhyama binaya hai| vinaya se sabake hRdaya premasUtra meM baMdha jAte haiN| isa bhAvanA meM mAnasika vAtAvaraNa aisA banAnA cAhie jisameM sevA, sahayoga, sneha aura vinaya ke phUla sadA khilate raheM, mahakate rheN| caturtha adhyayana meM brahmacarya kA vizleSaNa hai| brahmacarya apane Apa meM eka bahuta bar3I AdhyAtmika zakti hai| AdhyAtmika svAsthya hai, jisase

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 183 mAnava samAja pUrNa sukha aura zAMti prApta karatA hai| brahmacarya kI mahimA aura garimA kA varNana karate hue bhagavAna ne 'uttamaM baMbhaM bhagavaMta' kahA hai / muniyoM meM tIrthaMkara zreSTha haiM aise hI vratoM meM brahmacarya hai| yaha vratoM kA mukuTamaNi hai| brahmacarya kA artha hai-sabhI indriya aura sampUrNa vikAroM para adhikAra pA lenaa| brahmacarya se teja, dhRti, sAhasa aura vidyA kI prApti hotI hai| isa vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiN| prathama bhAvanA hai-asNsktvaasvstibhaavnaa| jahA~-jahA~ aura jina-jina kAraNoM se brahmacarya meM dUSaNa aura skhalanAeM hone kI saMbhAvanAeM hoM una kAraNoM, sthAnoM aura prasaMgoM kA varjana karate rahanA bhAvanAoM kA mukhya lakSya hai| vAtAvaraNa se mana prabhAbita hotA hai ataH mana ko brahmacarya meM sthira rakhane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki caMcalatA utpanna karane vAlI bAteM, mohapUrNa kAmottejaka vAtAvaraNa jahA~ ho vahA~ sAdhaka ko nahIM rahanA caahie| isa bhAvanA meM strIsaMsargayukta AvAsa kA varjana hai| dUsarI bhAvanA strIkathAvirati hai| sAdhu apane cintana ko strIkathA se virata rakhakara dharmakathA kI ora mor3atA hai| tIsarI bhAvanA strIrUpanirIkSaNavirati hai| strI ke rUpa ko kAmuka dRSTi se dekhanA, usa para Asakta honA, puna: puna: dekhate rahane kA prayatna karanA aura saundarya kI prazaMsA karanA yaha rAga kA kAraNa aura cAritra ko dUSita karane vAlA hai| jaise sUrya ke sAmane dekhane se A~kheM caMdhiyA jAtI haiM vaise hI strI kA saundarya kAmuka dRSTi se dekhane para mana kI A~kheM bhI cuMdhiyA jAtI haiN| mana meM brahmacarya ke saMskAra sudRr3ha banAnA Avazyaka hai / strI kA saundarya aura usake aMga-pratyaMga Adi kI ora dRSTi na ddaale| caturtha bhAvanA hai--pUrvarata-pUrvakrIDitavirati / zramaNa ne apane gRhastha jIvana meM apanI patnI, preyasI yA anya kisI strI ke sAtha kAmakrIr3A kI ho, madhura premAlApa kiyA ho, usake zarIra ke vividha aMgoM kA sparza kiyA ho, yadi vaha unako smaraNa kare to usakI yAda tAjI ho jAyagI aura vikAra utpanna ho jaayeNge| ataH pUrva-jIvana meM bhoge hue kAmabhogoM kA sA~pa, jo ki smRtiyoM meM mUcchita hokara chipA par3A hai vaha, vicAroM kI smRti se garmI pAkara puna: caitanya aura gatizIla na ho, isalie aise saMskAra banAye jAe~ jisase smRti usa ora na muudd'e| pAMcavIM bhAvanA praNItaAhAravirati samiti hai| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA meM bAhya zuddha vAtAvaraNa

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184 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jitanA Avazyaka hai utanA hI Avazyaka hai AhArasaMyama / AhAra kA mana para bahuta gaharA aura zIghra prabhAva par3atA hai / ataH zramaNa ko bhojana sAdA va zuddha karanA caahie| praNIta AhAra ke pIche do dRSTiyA~ haiM ghI, masAle Adi gariSTha bhojana va adhika bhojana krnaa| ye donoM bAteM brahmacarya ke lie ghAtaka haiN| praNIta AhAra se zarIra meM rasa, rakta Adi uttejita hote haiM aura vikAra bar3hate haiM / gariSTha bhojana se Alasya AtA hai, pramAda bar3hatA hai, mana meM rAkSasI vRttiyA~ jAgRta hotI haiN| ataH sAdhaka soce ki zarIra ko mAtra sahArA dene ke lie bhojana karanA hai, puSTa banAne ke lie nahIM / isa bhAvanA se bhojana ke prati Asakti nahIM hotI hai / saMyama kI vRtti sudRr3ha hotI hai / pA~caveM adhyayana meM aparigraha kA nirUpaNa hai / dhana, sampatti, bhogasAmagrI Adi kisI bhI prakAra kI vastuoM kA mamatvamUlaka saMgraha karanA parigraha hai| parigraha meM do zabda haiN| pari + graha, pari kA artha hai saMpUrNarUpa se, graha kA artha hai grahaNa krnaa| kisI bhI vastu ko sampUrNa rUpa se grahaNa karanA yA mUrcchA mamatAbuddhi ke sAtha grahaNa karanA parigraha hai| jainadarzana kA abhimata hai ki aparigraha kA artha vastu kA abhAva nahIM, apitu mamatA mUrchA kA abhAva hai / kisI bhI vastu meM cAhe vaha choTI ho yA bar3I ho, jar3a yA cetana ho, bAhya yA abhyantara ho, usameM Asakti rakhanA, usameM ba~dha jAnA, usake pIche par3a kara apanA viveka kho baiThanA - parigraha hai| pUrNa aparigrahI sAdhaka ko dA~ta, zRGga, kA~ca, patthara evaM carma Adi ke pAtra evaM sacitta phala-phUla, kaMdamUla Adi grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| aparigrahI sAdhaka bhojana ke lie bhI hiMsA nahIM karatA / vaha zarIra rakSA va dharmasAdhanA ke lie jo vastra - pAtra grahaNa karatA hai vaha nirmamatva bhAva se hI grahaNa karatA hai va dhAraNa karatA hai| isa vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM / prathama bhAvanA zrotrendriyasaMvararUpa zabda bhAvanA hai| koI stuti kare yA nindA kare, madhura bole yA kaTu bole to bhI sAdhaka mana ko isa prakAra kI zikSA de jisase ki vaha zabda viSayoM ke prati AkRSTa yA vikRSTa na ho / dUsarI bhAvanA cakSurindriyasaMvararUpa nispRha bhAvanA hai| sAdhaka ke sAmane cAhe sundara yA asundara koI bhI vastu Ave vaha sthitaprajJa kI use dekhe, na mana meM rAgadveSa kare aura na vANI se niMdA-stuti ho / kintu taTastha rahakara cakSurindriya saMyama kA abhyAsa kare /

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 185 tIsarI ghrANendriyasaMvara bhAvanA hai| ghrANa kA artha nAka hai / nAka kA svabhAva hai gandha kA jJAna kraanaa| jo gandha mana ko madhura, mohaka aura pyArI lagatI hai, vaha sugandha hai / jo apriya aura asuhAvanI lagatI hai, vaha dugaMdha hai / sugandha - durgandhamaya vastu sAmane Ane para bhI mana ko rAgadveSa se pIr3ita na hone de aura aisI zikSA de ki jisase vaha samabhAva kI sthiti meM raha sake / caturthaM rasanendriyasaMvara bhAvanA hai / rasanendriya ke do kArya haiMcakhanA aura bolanA / yaha bolakara bhI sukha-duHkha detI hai aura khAkara bhI / jaise gAr3I calAne ke lie pahiyoM meM tela Adi lagAnA par3atA hai jisase ki gAr3I ThIka calatI rahe, jaise ghAva ko ThIka karane ke lie marahama lagAnA par3atA hai, vaise hI zarIra ko ThIka calAne ke lie AhAra kI AvazyakatA hai / ataH jo bhI nIrasa yA sarasa bhojana mile use asvAdabhAva se grahaNa kare / isI prakAra vivekayukta vacana bole / pA~cavIM sparzanendriyasaMvara bhAvanA hai| prati dina zarIra ko ThaNDe, garama, halake, bhArI, khuradare, komala sparza kA anubhava hotA hai| isa bhAvanA meM sAdhaka mana ko isa prakAra kI zikSA detA hai ki ye zIta, uSNa, komala jo bhI sparza haiM ve zarIra ke haiN| sAdhaka unameM taTastha samAdhistha rahane kA abhyAsa kre| mana ko hara prakAra ke sparza meM sama rakhe / isa prakAra pA~ca saMvara dvAroM meM 25 cAritra bhAvanAe~ batAI haiN| ina bhAvanAoM ke cintana-manana aura jIvana meM punaH punaH prayoga karane se sAdhaka ko tyAgamaya, tapomaya va anAsakta jIvana jIne kI zikSA prApta hotI hai aura saMyama ke mahAmArga para samyak rIti se prayANa karane meM saphalatA prApta hotI hai / upasaMhAra Asrava aura saMvara kA nirUpaNa Agama sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai kintu praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM jisa vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai vaha adbhuta aura anUThA hai| vaisA varNana kisI bhI anya Agama sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai / prastuta Agama kI yaha apanI vizeSatA hai| 0

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11. vipAkasUtra nAmakaraNa prastata sUtra dvAdazAMgI kA gyArahavA~ aMga hai| isa Agama meM sukRta aura duSkRta karmoM ke vipAka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, ata: isakA nAma vipAkasUtra hai| ThANAMgasUtra meM isakA nAma kammavivAgadasA milatA hai| prastuta Agama ke do zrutaskandha haiM, 20 adhyayana haiM, 20 uddezanakAla, 20 samuddezanakAla, saMkhyAta pada, saMkhyAta akSara, parimita vAcanAe~, saMkhyAta anuyogadvAra, saMkhyAta veDhA nAmaka chanda, saMkhyAta zloka, saMkhyAta niryaktiyA~, saMkhyAta saMgrahaNiyA~ aura saMkhyAta pratipattiyAM haiN| vartamAna meM yaha 1216 zloka parimANa hai| viSaya-vastu karmasiddhAnta jainadarzana kA eka mukhya siddhAnta hai| usa siddhAnta kA prastuta Agama meM dArzanika vizleSaNa nahIM kintu udAharaNoM ke dvArA samyaka pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| prathama vibhAga meM duSkarma karane vAle vyaktiyoM ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kA varNana hai| ina prasaMgoM ko par3hane se jJAta hotA hai ki kucha vyakti pratyeka yuga meM hote haiM, jo apanI kara va hiMsaka manovRtti ke kAraNa bhayaMkara se bhayaMkara aparAdha karate haiM aura apane duSkarma ke kAraNa unheM yAtanAe~ sahana karanI par3atI haiN| dvitIya vibhAga meM sukRtya karane vAle vyaktiyoM ke jIvana-prasaMga haiN| jisa prakAra ka ra kRtya karane vAle vyakti pratyeka yuga meM milate haiM vaise hI sukRtya karane vAle vyakti bhI hara yuga meM milate haiN| acchAI aura burAI kisI yuga-vizeSa kI dena nahIM haiN| acche aura bure vyakti hara yuga meM mila sakate haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM karmavipAka ke 1 (ka) samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya sUtra 66 (kha) nandI sUtra 61 (ga) tatvArthavArtika 20 (gha) kasAyapAhuDa, mAga 1, pR0 132 2 ThANAMga 10 / 110

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 187 mRgAputra, gotrAsa, aMDa zakaTa, mAhana, naMdISeNa, zaurika, udumbara, sahasoddAha, Amaraka aura kumAra licchavI ye daza adhyayana batAye haiN|' ye nAma kisI dUsarI vAcanA ke pratIta hote haiM / vartamAna meM upalabdha duHkhavipAka meM daza adhyayanoM ke ye nAma milate haiM-mRgAputra, ujjhitaka, abhagnasena (abhaggasena), zakaTakumAra, bRhaspatidatta, naMdIvardhana, udaMbaradatta, zauryadatta, devadattA, aNjushrii| paM0 becaradAsa dozI ne sthAnAMga meM Aye hue nAmoM ke sAtha vartamAna meM upalabdha nAmoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai| gotrAsa ujjhitaka ke anya bhava kA nAma hai| aNDa nAma abhagnasena ne pUrvabhava meM jo aNDe kA vyApAra kiyA thA usakA sUcaka honA caahie| brAhmaNa (mAhana) nAma kA sambandha bRhaspatidatta purohita se ho sakatA hai| nandISeNa kA nAma nandIvardhana ke nAma para prayukta huA hai| sahasoddAha Amaraka kA sambandha rAjA kI mAtA ko taptazalAkA se mArane vAlI devadattA ke sAtha milatA hai / kumAra licchavI ke sthAna para aMjuzrI nAma AyA hai, aMju kA jIva apane antima bhava meM kisI seTha ke yahA~ para putrarUpa meM utpanna hogaa| isa kAraNa se sambhava hai kumAra-licchavI nAma diyA gayA ho / licchavI kA sambandha licchavI vaMza vizeSa se hai| sukhavipAka Agama meM daza adhyayanoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-subAhukumAra, bhadranandI, sujAtakumAra, suvAsavakumAra, jinadAsakumAra (vaizramaNakumAra), dhanapati, mahAbalakumAra, bhadranandIkumAra, mahAcandrakumAra aura varadattakumAra | nandI aura sthAnAGga meM sUkha vipAka ke adhyayanoM ke nAma nahIM ginAe haiN| prathama zrutaskandha : duHkhavipAka prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana meM mRgAputra kA varNana hai| vaha mRgAvatI kA putra thaa| yaha janma se aMdhA, baharA, lUlA, laMgar3A, gUMgA aura bAta, pitta, kaphAdi rogoM se pIr3ita thaa| use koI na dekha le ataH rAnI mRgAvatI ne usakA pAlana-poSaNa tahakhAne (bhoyare) meM kiyaa| usa nagarI 1 ThANAMga 101111 2 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhA0 1, pR0 263, prakAzaka-pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vaaraannsii|

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188 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA meM eka janmAMdha bhikhArI thaa| gaNadhara gautama ne usa bhikhArI ko dekhakara, bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna kiyA, 'bhagavan kyA kisI strI ke koI baccA janma se hI aMdhA hotA hai ?" bhagavAna ne mRgAputra kI bAta batAte hue kahAvaha aMdhA hI nahIM, baharA, lUlA aura laMgar3A bhI hai| usake hAtha-paira upAMgAdi AkAramAtra pragaTa nahIM haiN| bhagavAna kI AjJA se gautama use dekhane ke lie phuNce| usake zarIra meM se mRta sA~pa kI sI durgaMdha A rahI thii| vaha AhAra grahaNa karatA jo rakta aura mavAda banakara bAhara nikalatA aura vaha punaH use khA jAtA thaa| use dekhate hI gautama ko nArakIya dRzya smaraNa ho aaye| bhagavAna ne usake pUrvabhava kA varNana karate hue kahA ki usa jIva ne pUrvabhava meM atyadhika pApakRtya kiye jisake phalasvarUpa use usa janma meM bhI solaha mahAroga hue aura vahA~ se vaha marakara prathama naraka meM paidA huaa| naraka se nikala kara yaha mRgAputra huA hai aura yahA~ para pUrvakRta pApa kA phala bhoga rahA hai| isake bAda bhI aneka janmoM taka ise pApa kA phala bhoganA par3egA / dvitIya adhyayana meM gomAMsa bhakSaNa evaM madyapAna tathA viSayAsakti ke duHkhada phaloM ko batAte hue ujjhitakumAra kA paricaya diyA hai| ujjhita vANijyagrAma ke vijayamitra sArthavAha kA putra thaa| gautama gaNadhara vANijyagrAma meM bhikSA hetu pdhaare| vahA~ unhoMne atyadhika kolAhala sunaa| unheM jJAta huA ki rAjapuruSa kisI ko bA~dhakara mArate-pITate hue le jA rahe haiN| gautama ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna kiyA ki isako itanA kaSTa kyoM diyA jA rahA hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jijJAsA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA ki hastinApura meM bhIma nAma kA eka kUTagrAha arthAt pazuoM kA taskara rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma utpalA thA / jaba vaha garbhavatI huI taba use gAya, baila Adi ke mAMsa khAne kI icchA jAgRta huii| usane usakI pUrti kI / gAyoM ko trAsa nAma gotrAsa rakhA / vahI gotrAsa jIvanabhara karatA rhaa| vahA~ se marakara vANijyagrAma meM vijayamitra ke yahA~ ujjhita nAma kA putra huaa| jaba yaha bar3hA huA to isake mAtA-pitA kA dehAnta ho gyaa| nagara rakSaka ne use ghara se nikAla diyA aura vaha kusaMgati meM par3ane se dyUtagRha, vezyAgRha, madyagRha Adi meM paribhramaNa karane lgaa| usI nagara meM jo kAmadhvajA vezyA rahatI hai usameM yaha Asakta ho gyaa| vaha dene ke kAraNa usa putra kA go-mAMsa Adi kA upayoga

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 186 vezyA rAjA ko bhI priya hai ata: rAjA ne Aveza meM Akara apane anucaroM se ise pakar3avAyA aura isakI khUba marammata kii| anta meM ise zUlI para car3hAyA jaaygaa| yaha marakara pApakarma ke kAraNa narakAdi gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karegA / yaha viSayAsakti kA kaTu vipAka hai| tRtIya adhyayana meM abhagnasena kA prasaMga hai| isameM vaha madyapAna evaM aMDoM kA vikraya kara prANiyoM ko pIr3ita karatA thaa| usakA jIvanavRtta isa prakAra hai / purimatAla zAlATavI corapallI meM vijaya nAma kA eka taskara adhipati rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma khaMdasirI thaa| usake eka putra huA jisakA nAma abhagnasena rakkhA gyaa| vaha abhagnasena pUrva bhava meM nirNaya nAmaka aMDoM kA bahuta bar3A vyApArI thaa| vaha kabUtara, murgI, moranI, Adi ke aMDoM ko svayaM ekatrita karatA, dUsaroM se karavAtA, phira una aMDoM ko Aga para talatA, bhUnatA aura unheM becakara apanI AjIvikA calAtA aura svayaM bhI una aMDoM kA AhAra karatA / usa pApa ke phalasvarUpa vaha tRtIya naraka meM utpanna huA aura vahAM se nikalakara yaha abhaggasena yA abhagnasena taskara huA hai| isane prajA ko aneka yAtanAeM dI haiN| unake tana, dhana, jana kA apaharaNa kiyA hai| rAjA ne abhagnasena ko pakar3ane ke aneka prayAsa kiye para vaha saphala na ho skaa| aMta meM eka mahAn utsava meM use rAjA ne AmaMtrita kiyA aura use pakar3akara aneka prakAra kI yAtanAeM dete hue use zUlI para car3hAyA gyaa| bhagavAna ne gautama kI jijJAsA para usake pApa kI yaha dAruNa kathA btaaii| caturtha adhyayana meM zakaTa kA jIvana prasaMga hai| zakaTa sAhaMjaNI grAma ke subhadra nAmaka sArthavAha kA putra thA / gaNadhara gautama ne dekhA ki rAjapatha para aneka vyaktiyoM se ghirA huA eka vyakti khar3A hai aura usake pIche eka mahilA khar3I thii| una donoM kI nAka kaTI huI thI aura ve bandhanoM meM jakar3e hue the| ve ucca svara se pukAra rahe the ki hama apane pApa kA phala bhoga rahe haiM / gautama ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna kiyA ki ye kauna haiM aura inhoMne aisA kaunasA pApakRtya kiyA hai jisakA ye phala bhoga rahe haiM ? bhagavAna ne kahA-chagalapura nagara meM chanika nAmaka kasAI thaa| vaha aneka pazuoM ke mAMsa ko becatA thA, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha caturtha naraka meM gayA aura vahAM se nikalakara vaizya subhadra kI patnI bhadrA kI kukSi se paidA huA tathA sapta vyasanoM kA sevana karane lagA / sudarzanA nAmaka vezyA se vaha prema

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190 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA karatA thaa| pradhAnamaMtrI suSeNa bhI usa vezyA para anurakta thA / ataH suSeNa eka bAra vezyA ke sAtha use dekhakara kupita haa| suSeNa kI AjJA se pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa ina donoM kI yaha sthiti huI hai| isa prakAra hiMsaka vRtti va durAcAra ke kAraNa yaha aneka janmoM meM duHkha paaegaa| pAMcaveM adhyayana meM bRhaspatidatta kI kathA hai / bRhaspatidatta kosAmbI ke somadatta purohita kA putra thaa| vaha pUrvabhava meM mahezvaradatta nAma kA purohita thA, jo rAjA kI balavRddhi hetu brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdroM ke bAlakoM ko mArakara naramedha yajJa karatA thaa| jisase vaha marakara pAMcavIM naraka meM gayA aura vahAM se nikalakara yaha bRhaspati huaa| rAjakumAra kA isa para sneha thA ataH rAjA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt yaha rAja purohita bnaa| rAjA kI rAnI para yaha anurakta ho gayA jisase rAjA ne use mRtyudaMDa diyaa| isa prakAra pUrvakRta pApa ke kAraNa yaha aneka janmoM taka duHkha paaegaa| chaThe adhyayana meM naMdIvardhana kI kathA hai| vaha zrIdAma rAjA kA putra thaa| pUrvabhava meM vaha kisI rAjA ke yahA~ para kotavAla thA / vaha aparAdhiyoM ko atyadhika kara daMDa dekara AnaMda kA anubhava karatA thaa| vahA~ se marakara vaha chaThI naraka meM gayA aura naraka se nikala kara rAjA kA putra nandIvardhana huaa| nandIvardhana ne apane pitA ko mArakara rAjya lenA cAhA aura isa SaDayaMtra meM usane nAI kA sahayoga liyA / samaya ke pUrva hI rahasya khula jAne se rAjA ne ka ddha hokara nandIvardhana ko prANadaMDa kI sajA dii| pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa aneka janmoM taka ise duHkha bhoganA pdd'egaa| ataH aparAdhI ko bhI citta kI kaThoratA se daMDa nahIM denA caahiye| sAtaveM adhyayana meM umbaradatta kI kathA hai| vaha sAgaradatta sArthavAha kA putra thaa| pUrvabhava meM vaha eka kuzala vaidya thaa| Ayurveda cikitsA meM niSNAta thA / vaha rugNa vyaktiyoM ko madya, mAMsa, matsya bhakSaNa kA upadeza detA thA jisake phalasvarUpa vaha chaThI naraka meM paidA huA aura vahA~ se marakara yahA~ umbaradatta ke nAma se utpanna huA hai| durAcAra ke sevana se aura pUrvakRta karmoM se isake zarIra meM solaha mahAroga paidA hue| yaha yahA~ se marakara aneka janmoM taka duHkha paayegaa| AThaveM adhyayana meM zauryadatta kI kathA hai / zauryadatta samudradatta nAma ke eka dhIvara kA putra thaa| vaha pUrvabhava meM kisI rAjA ke yahA~ rasoiyA thaa|

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 191 vaha aneka prakAra ke pazu-pakSI aura matsya Adi kA mAMsa taiyAra karatA thaa| vaha rAjA ko khilAtA aura svayaM bhI Anandavibhora hokara khAtA thaa| jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha marakara chaThI naraka meM paidA huA aura vahA~ se nikalakara yaha zauryadatta huA hai| eka dina vaha machalI bhUnakara khA rahA thA ki machalI kA kA~TA usake gale meM cubha gyaa| aneka prayatna karane para bhI vaha na nikalA aura usa vedanA se kaSTa pAkara usane Ayu pUrNa kii| naveM adhyayana meM devadattA kI kathA hai| vaha datta nAma ke eka gRhapati kI kanyA thii| vesamaNadatta rAjA ke putra kusanandI ke sAtha usakA pANigrahaNa huaa| kusanandI mAtA kA parama bhakta thaa| vaha tela Adi se mAlisa kara mAtA kI sevA-zuzrUSA karatA thA kintu devadattA ko yaha bAta pasaMda nahIM thI, ataH usane rAtri meM sotI huI apanI sAsa ko mAra diyaa| ataH rAjA ne usake vadha kI AjJA dii| isa prakAra vaha pUrvakRta karmoM ke kAraNa aneka janmoM taka dAruNa vedanA kA anubhava kregii| dasaveM adhyayana meM aMjuzrI kI kathA hai| aMjuzrI dhanadeva sArthavAha kI kanyA thii| vijaya nAmaka rAjA ke sAtha usakA pANigrahaNa huaa| guptasthAna para bhayaMkara zUla roga paidA hone se use apAra kaSTa huA / vividha upacAra karane para bhI zAMti nahIM huii| gautama ne jaba usakI asthipaMjarasama kAyA dekhI to bhagavAna se jijJAsA prastuta kii| bhagavAna ne usake pUrvabhava kA varNana karate hue kahA ki yaha pUrvabhava meM vezyA thii| usa pApa ke phalasvarUpa isa janma meM ise yaha kaSTa bhoganA par3a rahA hai| isake bAda bhI aneka janmoM taka ise dAruNa duHkha kA anubhava karanA pdd'egaa| , du:khavipAka ke dazoM adhyayanoM meM pApa kA kaTa pariNAma batAyA gayA hai aura yaha saMdeza diyA gayA hai ki pApa ke pariNAma ko samajhakara usase bco| dvitIya zrutaskandha : sukhavipAka dvitIya zrutaskandha meM sukha ke vipAka kA phala hai| isake prathama adhyayana meM subAhukumAra kA varNana hai / hastizIrSa nagara kA rAjA adInazatru thaa| usakI dhAraNI nAmaka rAnI se subAhukumAra kA janma huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ko zravaNa kara subAhu ne zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vrata grahaNa kie| subAhu ke divya bhavya rUpa va Rddhi, samRddhi ko dekhakara gaNadhara gautama

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192 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se jijJAsA prastuta kI ki subAhu ne aisA kaunasA dAnAdi satkRtya kiyA jisake kAraNa yaha Rddhi ise prApta huI ? bhagavAna ne kahA-pUrvabhava meM isane sudatta aNagAra ko eka mAsa kI tapasyA ke pAraNe meM atyanta udAra bhAvanA se dAna diyA jisake kAraNa yaha Rddhi ise prApta huI hai| isake kucha varSoM ke bAda subAhakumAra ne mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI aura samAdhipUrvaka Ayu pUrNa kara deva bne| pazcAt manuSyabhava dhAraNa karake mukta bneNge| isI prakAra dUsare adhyayana meM bhadranandI, tIsare adhyayana meM sujAta kumAra, cauthe adhyayana meM suvAsavakumAra, pA~caveM adhyayana meM jinadAsa, chaThe adhyayana meM dhanapati (vaizramaNakumAra), sAtaveM meM mahAbala, AThaveM meM bhadranandIkumAra, naveM meM mahAcaMdrakumAra aura dasaveM meM varadattakumAra kA varNana hai| ye sabhI rAjakumAra the / ina sabhI ne tapasvI muni ko pavitra bhAvanA se nirdoSa AhAradAna diyA thA / usa kAraNa se unheM apAra sukha, aizvarya, rUpa Adi prApta huA thA aura anta meM ve uttamakUla meM janma grahaNa kara sAdhanA ke dvArA mukti prApta kreNge| ina daza adhyayanoM meM se subAhakUmAra Adi kucha jIva to 15 bhava dhAraNa karake mokSa jAyeMge aura kucha jIvoM ne usI bhava meM mokSa prApta kiyaa| upasaMhAra vipAkasUtra meM Aye hue sabhI pAtra aitihAsika hI hoM yaha bAta nahIM, kucha paurANika aura prAgaitihAsika haiN| duHkhavipAka ke sabhI kathAnakoM meM hiMsA, steya aura abrahma ke kaTu pariNAmoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| kintu asatya aura mahAparigraha ke pariNAmoM kI koI kathA isameM nahIM aaii| isI prakAra sukhavipAka meM dAna ke phala kA digdarzana hai kintu anya dharmoM ke ArAdhana ke phaloM kA nirdeza nahIM hai| jabaki nandI aura samavAya meM yaha ullekha hai ki prastuta Agama meM asatya aura parigrahavRtti ke pariNAmoM kI bhI carcA hai|

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12. dRSTivAda vAda bArahavA~ aMga hai, jisameM saMsAra ke sabhI darzanoM evaM nayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / ' dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jisameM samyaktva Adi dRSTiyoM-- darzanoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA ho vaha dRSTivAda hai / " nAmakaraNa dRSTivAda vilupta ho cukA hai| vaha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 170 varSa ke pazcAt zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hue| unake svargagamana ke pazcAt dRSTivAda kA zanaiH-zanaiH lopa hone lagA aura vIra nirvANa sambat 1000 meM vaha pUrNarUpa se lupta ho gayA / arthAt devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke svargagamana ke bAda vaha zabda rUpa se pUrNatayA naSTa ho gayA aura artharUpa meM kucha aMza bacA rhaa| efSTavAda ke nAma ThANAMga meM dRSTivAda hetuvAda, bhUtavAda, tathyavAda, samyagvAda, dharmavAda, bhASAvicaya yA bhASAvijaya, pUrvagata, anuyogagata aura sarvaprANabhUtajIvasatvasukhAvaha ye daza nAma dRSTivAda ke prApta hote haiM / " 1 dRSTayo darzanAni nayA vA ucyante abhidhIyante patanti vA avataranti yatrAso dRSTivAdo, dRSTipAto vA / pravacana puruSasya dvAdaze'Gge / - sthAnAMgavRtti, ThA0 4, u01 2 dRSTidarzanaM samyaktvAdi, vadanaM vAdo, dRSTInAM vAdo dRSTivAdaH / --pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 144 3 goyamA ! jaMbuddIve NaM dIve mArahe vAse imIse osappiNIe mamaM egaM vAsasa hassa puNyagae aNusajjissa...... -- bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 20, 408, sU0 677; suttAgame pR0 804 4 diThivAyassa NaM dasa nAmadhijjA paNNattA / taM jahA- diThivAei vA heuvAei vA, bhUyavAei vA, taccAvAei vA sammAvAei vA, dhammAvAei vA mAsAvijaei vA, pubbagaei vA aNuogagaei vA, savvapANabhUyajIvasattasuhAvahei vA / -sthAnAMga sUtra, ThA0 10, sUtra 742; munizrI kamala dvArA sampAdita

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164 viSayavastu jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA samavAyAMga va nandI meM parikarma, sUtra, pUrvaMgata, anuyoga aura cUlikA ye dRSTivAda ke pA~ca vibhAga batAye haiN| inake vibhinna bheda-prabhedoM kA viva raNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki prathama vibhAga meM lipi vijJAna aura sarvAMga pUrNa gaNita vidyA kA vivecana thaa| dvitIya vibhAga meM chinnachedanaya, achinnachedanaya, trikanaya, caturnaya kI paripATiyoM kA vistAra se vivecana thA / usameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA thA ki prathama aura caturtha ye do paripATiyA~ nigraMthoM kI thIM aura achinnachedanaya evaM trikanaya kI paripATiyA~ AjIvikoM kI thiiN| tRtIya vibhAga meM 14 pUrvo kI vistAra se carcA vicAraNA thI / prathama utpAda pUrva meM sampUrNa dravya aura paryAyoM kI prarUpaNA utpAda kI dRSTi se kI gaI thii| isa pUrva kA pada parimANa eka koTi pada thaa| dvitIya agrAyaNIyapUrva meM sabhI dravya paryAya aura jIvavizeSa ke agra-parimANa kA varNana thaa| isakA pada parimANa 66 lAkha pada thA / tRtIya vIryapravAdapUrva meM sakarma evaM niSkarma jIva aura ajIva ke vIrya zakti vizeSa kA varNana thA / isakI pada saMkhyA 70 lAkha thI / caturtha astinAstipravAdapUrva meM vastuoM ke astitva aura nAstitva ke varNana ke sAtha dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya prabhRti dravyoM kA astitva aura AkAzapuSpa Adi ke nAstitva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA thA aura pratyeka dravya ke sva-svarUpa se astitva aura para-svarUpa se nAstitva kA bhI pratipAdana thA / isakA padaparimANa 60 lAkha thA / paMcama jJAnapravAdapUrva meM mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevala ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistAra se vivecana thaa| isakI padasaMkhyA 1 karor3a thii| chaThe satyapravAdapUrva meM satyavacana kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA thA / sAtha hI usake pratipakSI rUpa para bhI vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA thA / isameM 1 karor3a aura 6 pada the| sAtaveM AtmapravAdapUrva meM AtmA ke svarUpa va usakI vyApakatA, jJAtRtva aura bhoktRtva sambandhI vivecana aneka nayoM kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA thaa| isa pUrva meM 26 karor3a pada 1 se ki diTTivAe ? se samAsao paMcavihe paNNale taM jahA - parikamme, suttAI, pumbagae, aNuoge, cUliyA / ( nambIsUtra) 2 paDhamaM uppAyapuvthaM tattha savvadavvANaM pajjavANa ya uppAya mAvamaMgIkAra paSNavaNA kayA / (nadI)

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 165 the| AThaveM karmapravAdapUrva meM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya Adi aSTa karmoM kI prakRtiyA~, sthitiyA~ evam unake pariNAma va bandha ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa thaa| isa pUrva meM eka karor3a assI hajAra pada the| naveM pratyAkhyAnapravAdapUrva meM pratyAkhyAna aura unake bheda-prabhedoM kA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA thA, sAtha hI isameM AcAra saMbaMdhI niyama bhI the / isameM 84 lAkha pada the| dasaveM vidyAnupravAdapUrva meM atizaya zakti sampanna vidyAoM, upavidyAoM aura unakI sAdhanA kI vidhiyoM kA nirUpaNa thaa| jisameM aMguSTha praznAdi 700 laghuvidyAe~, rohiNI prabhRti 500 mahAvidyAe~ evam antarikSa, bhauma, aMga, svara, svapna, lakSaNa, vyaJjana aura chinna ina ATha mahAna nimittoM dvArA bhaviSya ko jAnane kI vidhi kA varNana thaa| isa pUrva meM 1 karoDa 80 lAkha pada the| gyArahaveM abandhyapUrva meM jJAna, tapa Adi satkRtyoM ko zubha phala dene vAle aura pramAda-kaSAya Adi asatkRtyoM ko azubha phaladAyaka batAyA hai / zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala nizcita rUpa se milate hI haiM, ve kabhI bhI niSphala nahIM hote| ataH isa pUrva kA nAma abandhyapUrva thA / isakI padasaMkhyA 26 karor3a thii| digambara daSTi se gyArahaveM pUrva kA nAma kalyANavAdapUrva thA; jisameM tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva ke garbhAvataraNa kA utsava, tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana karane vAlI 16 bhAvanAe~, evam tapa kA varNana aura candra, sUrya ke grahaNa tathA graha-nakSatroM ke prabhAva, zakuna aura unake zubhAzubha phala kA varNana thaa| aura isa pUrva kI pada saMkhyA 26 karor3a thii| bArahaveM prANAyupUrva meM Ayu aura prANoM ke bheda-prabheda kA vistAra se nirUpaNa thA aura isakI padasaMkhyA 1 karoDa 56 lAkha thii| digambara dRSTi se isa pUrva meM kAyacikitsA Adi aSTAMga Ayurveda, bhUtikarma, jAMguli, prakrama, sAdhaka prabhRti Ayurveda ke bheda, ir3A, piMgalA, suSumnA Adi prANa, pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu ke bheda-prabheda, daza prANa, dravya, dravyoM ke upakAra aura apakAra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA thA aura isakI padasaMkhyA 13 karor3a thii| terahaveM kriyAvizAlapUrva meM saMgItazAstra, chanda, alaMkAra, puruSoM kI 72 kalAe~, striyoM kI 64 kalAeM, 84 prakAra ke zilpa, vijJAna, garbha avadhAraNa Adi kriyAe~, samyagdarzana, munivandana, nitya-niyama evam AdhyAtmika ciMtana Adi laukika va lokottara sabhI kriyAoM kA vistAra se vizleSaNa thaa| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAe~ isa pUrva kI padasaMkhyA 9 karor3a mAnatI haiN| caudahaveM loka

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196 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bindusArapUrva meM laukika aura pAralaukika sabhI prakAra kI vidyAoM kA sampUrNa rUpa se jJAna prApta karAne vAlI sarvAkSara sannipAtAdi viziSTa labdhiyoM kA varNana thA / jaise akSara para bindu vaise hI jJAna kA sarvottama sAra hone se ise lokabindusAra yA trilokabindusAra kI saMjJA se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA thaa| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra isa pUrva kI padasaMkhyA 123 karor3a thii| caudaha pUrvo kI vastu arthAt graMtha pariccheda kI saMkhyA kramazaH 10, 14, 8, 18, 12, 2, 16, 30, 20, 15, 12, 13, 30 aura 25 thii| graMtha pariccheda ke atirikta Adi ke cAra pUvoM meM kramazaH 4, 12, 8 aura 10 cUlikAe~ thiiN| zeSa 10 pUryoM meM cUlikAe~ nahIM thiiN| jaise parvata kA zikhara parvata ke anya bhAga se unnata hotA hai vaise cUlikAoM kA bhI sthAna thaa| dRSTivAda kA caturtha vibhAga anuyoga thaa| usake mUla prathamAnuyoga aura gaMDikAnuyoga ye do bheda the| prathama mUla prathamAnuyoga meM arihaMtoM ke paMcakalyANaka kA savistRta vivaraNa thaa| dvitIya gaMDikAnuyoga meM kulakara, cakravartI, baladeva Adi mahApuruSoM kA caritra thaa| yaha vibhAga aitihAsika dRSTi se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa thA / digambara paramparA ke sAhitya meM isa vibhAga kA nAma prathamAnuyoga milatA hai| dRSTivAda kA pAMcavAM vibhAga cUlikA thaa| samavAyAMga aura naMdI meM likhA hai ki cAra pUrvo kI jo cUlikAeM haiM unhIM cUlikAoM kA dRSTivAda ke isa vibhAga meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai kintu digambara sAhitya meM jalagatA, thalagatA, mAyAgatA, rUpagatA aura AkAzagatA ye pA~ca cUlikAe~ batAI haiN| haSTivAda kA mahattva dRSTivAda atyadhika vizAla thaa| AcArya zIlAGka ne sUtrakRtAMgavRtti meM likhA hai ki pUrva anaMta artha vAlA hotA hai aura usameM vIrya kA pratipAdana 1 dasa 1 coddasa 2 aTTha 3 aTThAraseva 4 bArasa 5 duve 6 ya vatyUNi / solasa 7 tIsA 8 vIsA . paNNarasa aNuppavAdammi 10 // 79 // bArasa ekkArasame 11 bArasame teraseva vatthUNi 12 / tIsA puNa terasame 13 coddasame paNNavIsA u 14 // 8 // nambIsUtra-puNyavijaya jI, pR045 2 nandIsUtra 81, pR. 45 3 nandINi

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aMga sAhitya : eka paryAlocana 197 kiyA jAtA hai ata: usakI anaMtArthatA jAnanI caahie| jaise samasta nadiyoM ke bAlukaNoM kI gaNanA kI jAya yA sabhI samudroM ke pAnI ko hathelI meM ekatrita kara usake jalakaNoM kI gaNanA kI jAya to una bAlukaNoM aura jalakaNoM kI saMkhyA se bhI adhika artha eka pUrva kA hotA hai / kAlajanya maMda medhA ke kAraNa isa vizAla jJAnarAzi kA dhIre-dhIre hAsa hotA calA gyaa| AcArya kAlaka ne apane praziSya sAgara ko upadeza dete hue kahA thA ki 'jJAna kA garva na kro'| unhoMne apane hAtha meM muTThIbhara dhUli lekara eka sthAna para rkkhii| tatpazcAt dUsare, tIsare, cauthe, pAMcaveM sthAna para rakkhI, phira unhoMne ziSya ko saMbodhita karate hue kahA-jaise yaha dhUli eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para rakhane para kramazaH kama hotI calI gaI vaise hI tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kI vANI gaNadharoM ko prApta haI aura gaNadharoM se anya AcAryoM ko aura phira unake ziSya-praziSyoM ko| isI prakAra yaha bhI kama hotI calI gaI hai| Aja prastuta dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna kitanA kama raha gayA hai yaha kahanA atyadhika kaThina hai| nizIthacUNi ke anusAra dRSTivAda meM dravyAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga, dharmakathAnuyoga aura gaNitAnuyoga kA kathana hone se chedasUtroM kI bhAMti ise bhI uttama zruta kahA hai| tIna varSa ke pravrajita sAdhu ko nizItha, pAMca varSa ke pravajita sAdhu ko kalpa aura vyavahAra kA upadeza denA batAyA hai kintu dRSTivAda ke upadeza ke lie bIsa varSa kI pravajyA Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai| bahatkalpaniyukti meM likhA hai ki tuccha svabhAvavAlI, bahuta abhimAnI, caMcala indriyoM vAlI aura mandabuddhi vAlI sabhI striyoM ko dRSTivAda par3hane yato'nantArya pUrva bhavati, tatra ca vIrya meva pratipAdyate, anantArthatA cAto'vagantavyA tadyathAsavva naINaM jA hojja bAluyA gaNaNamAgayA sntii| tatto bahuyatarAgo, egassa atyo puvassa // 1 // savva samudANajalaM, jai patthamiyaM havijja saMkaliyaM / etto bahuyatarAgo atyo egassa puvassa / / 2 / / tadevaM pUrvArthasyAnantyAvIryasya ca tadarthatvAdanantatA vIryasyeti / -sUtrakRtAMga (vIryAdhikAra), mAcAryazrI javAharalAla ma0 dvArA saMpAdita, pR0335 2 bRhatkalpamASya, pR0 404

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198 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kA niSedha hai|' isa kathana kA kyA rahasya hai yaha cintakoM ke lie vicAraNIya hai| upasaMhAra isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki dRSTivAda bahuta hI vizAla aura mahattvapUrNa aMga thaa| isakA mahattva isI se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaba AryarakSita vedavedAMgoM tathA anya sabhI prakAra ke jJAna ke pAragAmI vidvAna hokara lauTe to unakI mAtA ne eka hI zabda kahA-'dRSTivAda pddh'o| kyoMki isI ke dvArA tumheM AtmA kA saccA svarUpa jJAta ho skegaa| tuma samasta siddhAnta ke jJAtA ho jaaoge| Atma-kalyANa ke lie dRSTivAda kA adhyayana apekSita hai| aura mAtA ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara AryarakSita dRSTivAda ke adhyayana ke lie cala die| dRSTivAda kI vizAlatA, gaMbhIratA, aba kevala atIta kI vastu raha gaI hai| jJAna kA yaha vipula bhaMDAra aprApya hai| isakA ullekha bhara hI zeSa hai| 1 bRhatkalpaniyukti, pR0 146

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tRtIya saNDa aGgabAhya Agama sAhitya upAMga Agama sAhitya mUla Agama sAhitya cheba Agama sAhitya prakIrNaka (painnA) Agama sAhitya

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upAMga Agama sAhitya - auSapAtika rAjapraznIya 0 jIvAbhigama 0 prajJApanA 0 jambUdvIpaprajJapti 1 sUryaprajJapti DcandraprApti / nirayAvaliyA 0 kappiyA - kalpAvataMsikA (kappavaDaMsiyA) 0 puSpikA (pupiphayA) OpuSpacUlikA

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1. aupapAtikasUtra nAmakaraNa aupapAtikasUtra jaina vAGgamaya kA prathama upAMga hai| aMgoM meM jo sthAna AcArAMga kA hai vahI sthAna upAMgoM meM aupapAtika kA hai| isake do adhyAya haiM / prathama kA nAma samavasaraNa hai aura dvitIya kA nAma upapAta / dUsare adhyAya meM upapAta saMbaMdhI nAnA prakAra ke praznoM kI carcA haI hai ataH AcArya abhayadeva ne vRtti meM likhA hai ki upapAta janma, deva aura nArakiyoM ke janma yA siddhigamana kA varNana hone se prastuta Agama kA nAma aupapAtika hai| vinTaranitja ne aupapAtika ke sthAna para upapAdika zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai jo artha kI gaMbhIratA ko pUrI taraha vyaMjita nahIM karatA hai| isakA prAraMbhika aMza gadyAtmaka aura antima aMza padyAtmaka hai| madhyabhAga meM gadyapadya kA sammizraNa hai kintu kula milAkara isa sUtra kA adhikAMza bhAga gadyAtmaka hai| isameM 43 sUtra haiN| isameM eka ora jahA~ rAjanaitika, sAmAjika tathA nAgarika tathyoM kI carcA huI hai to dUsarI ora dhArmika, dArzanika evaM sAMskRtika tathya bhI pratipAdita hae haiN| isa Agama kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM jina viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai unakA pUrNa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| anya AgamoM meM, yahA~ taka ki aMgasUtroM meM bhI inhIM varNanoM kA saMdarbhamAtra diyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke A-nakha-zikha samasta aMgopAMgoM kA itanA vizada varNana anya kisI bhI Agama meM nahIM hai| bhagavAna kI zarIra-sampatti ko jAnane ke lie yahI ekamAtra AdhArabhUta Agama hai| unake samavasaraNa kA sajIva citraNa aura bhagavAna kI mahattvapUrNa upadezavidhi bhI isameM surakSita hai| campAnagarI campA usa yuga kI eka prasiddha nagarI thii| vaha dhanadhAnya Adi se samRddha aura manuSyoM se AkIrNa thii| usa nagarI ke saMbaMdha meM vistAra se 1 upapatanaM upapAto-devanArakajanma siddhigamanaM ca / atastamadhikRtya kRtamadhyayanamopapAtikam / -aupa0 abhayadeva vRtti

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202 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA isameM prakAza DAlA gayA hai / vahA~ ke rAjamArga sundara hI nahIM atisundara the jo hAthiyoM, ghor3oM, rathoM aura pAlakiyoM ke AvAgamana se AkIrNa rahate the| usake uttara-pUrva meM purAtana aura suprasiddha pUrNabhadra nAmaka eka caitya thA jisameM aneka prakAra ke vRkSa, patra, puSpa, phala se lade hue the aura nAnA pakSI jina para krIr3A kiyA karate the| vividha latAoM se ve vRkSa pariveSThita the| jahA~ para ratha Adi vAhana khar3e kiye jAte the| caMpAnagarI meM bhaMbhasAra ke putra rAjA kUNika rAjya karate the| vaha kulIna, rAjalakSaNoM se saMpanna, rAjyAbhiSikta, vipula bhavana-zayana-Asana-yAnavAhana-koSTha-koSThAgAra ke adhipati the| unakI sarvAMgasundara dhAriNI rAnI thii| eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra aneka zramaNoM ke sAtha vahA~ pdhaare| vArtAnivedaka se samAcAra zravaNa kara kUNika atyanta pramudita huA aura prItidAna dekara usakA satkAra kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jo santa the ve ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, jJAta aura kaurava kuloM ke kSatriya, bhaTa, yoddhA, senApati, zreSThi va ibhya putra the| unake mala, mUtra, thUka aura hastAdika ke sparza se rogI pUrNa svastha ho jAte the| aneka zramaNa medhAvI, pratibhAsaMpanna, kuzalavaktA aura AkAzagAmI vidyA meM niSNAta the / ve kanakAvalI, ekAvalI, kSudrasiMhaniSkrIDita, mahAsiMhaniSkrIDita, bhadrapratimA, mahAbhadrapratimA, sarvatobhadrapratimA, AyaMbila, vardhamAna mAsika bhikSupratimA, kSudramokapratimA, mahAmokapratimA, yavamadhyacandrapratimA aura vajramadhyacandrapratimA Adi tapavizeSa kA AcaraNa karate the| ve vidyAmaMtra meM kuzala, para-vAdiyoM ke mAnamardana karane meM paTu, dvAdazAMgavettA aura vividha bhASAoM ke jJAtA the| bAraha prakAra ke tapa Adi meM sadA nimagna rahate the| bhagavAna ke Agamana kA samAcAra sunakara rAjA kUNika ne caMpAnagarI ko pUrNarUpa se sajAne kA Adeza diyaa| tadanusAra saMpUrNa nagarI alakApurI ke sadRza sajAI gii| rAjA kUNika bhI snAnAdi kara bahumUlya vastra va AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kara, hAthI para savAra hokara caturaMgiNI senA sahita darzanArtha phuNcaa| bhagavAna ne upadeza diyaa| gaNadhara gautama ne bhagavAna se jIva aura karmabandha viSayaka prazna kiye| prastuta Agama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMpUrNa zarIra kA zabdacitra bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zarIra va aMgopAMga kA savistRta

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 203 varNana bhI Agama meM hai| unake 34 buddha vacanAtizaya, 35 satya vacanAtizaya, azoka vRkSa Adi prAtihAryoM kA varNana hai| bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa meM bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSI aura vaimAnika cAroM prakAra ke deva va deviyAM, Arya aura anArya sabhI upasthita hote the| bhagavAna ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM jo upadeza dete vaha sabhI Arya-anArya bhASAoM meM svayameva hI anuvAdita hokara sunAI detA thaa| bhagavAna ke dharmopadeza ke mukhya viSaya ye the-loka, aloka, jIvAdi navatattva, uttama puruSa, cAra gati, mAtA-pitA va gurujanoM kI bhakti, nirvANasAdhanA, 18 pApa pravRttiyoM kA paricaya aura unase nivRtti, astinAstitvavAda, zubhAzubhakarmaphala tathA sarvathA karmakSaya hone se mukti hotI hai Adi / naraka, tiryaMca manuSya va devagati ke cAra-cAra kAraNa, AgAra va anagAra dharma kA paricaya zravaNa kara anekoM kA AgAradharma grahaNa karanA aura kUNika Adi kA svasthAna gamana / isa taraha samavasaraNa kA varNana hai| isake pazcAt gaNadhara gautama kA zArIrika va AdhyAtmika paricaya diyA gayA hai / gaNadhara gautama ne prazna kiye| asaMyata yAvat ekAnta supta ke pApakarmoM kA Agamana, mohabandha ke sAtha vedanA kA bandha, asaMyata kI devagati, vyantara devoM kI sthiti, Rddhi Adi / anicchA se brahmacarya pAlana karane vAlI striyoM kI vyantara devoM meM utpatti / agnihotrI yAvat kaMDUtyAgiyoM kI jyotiSI devoM meM utpatti, unakI sthiti, kAndapika yAvat natyaruci zramaNoM kI vaimAnikoM meM utpatti aura unakI sthiti| parivrAjakoM kI brahmadevaloka meM utpatti, sAta brAhmaNa parivrAjakoM ke nAma, SaTzAstroM ke nAma, sAMkhya-zAstra va anya graMtha, parivrAjakoM kI saMkSipta AcAra-saMhitA Adi kA paricaya bhI isameM prApta hotA hai| aMbaDa parivrAjaka ke 700 ziSya kapilapUra se purimatAla nagara kI ora jA rahe the| aTavI meM rAstA bhUlane se bhaTaka gye| sabhI parivrAjakoM ko pyAsa satAne lagI, pAnI dene vAle ke abhAva meM adattAdAna kI pratijJA hone se pAnI grahaNa nahIM kiyA aura gaMgAnadI kI saMtapta bAlU-reta para saMlekhanA-pAdapopagamana kara samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyaa| aMbaDa parivrAjaka kI sAdhanA, usake dvArA kaMpilapura meM vaikriyala bdhi kA pradarzana, avadhijJAna, AgAradharma kI ArAdhanA, aMbaDa kA dRr3ha samyaktva aura anta meM samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA brahmadevaloka meM utpatti / vahA~ se cyuta hokara mahAvideha meM janma hogaa| vahA~ dRr3hapratijJa yaha nAma hogA, kalAcArya ke samIpa adhyayana,

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204 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 72 kalAoM aura 15 dezIya bhASAoM ke nAma, aMta meM virakta ho dIkSAgrahaNa kara, kevalajJAna prApta kara aMbaDa kI AtmA nirvANa pada ko prApta kregii| AcArya Adi ke pratyanIka zramaNa Adi kI kilviSaka devoM meM utpatti / kilviSaka devoM kI sthiti, paraloka meM anArAdhaka honA / jAtismaraNa se dezavirati taka saMjJI paMcendriya tiryaMcoM kI sahasrAra kalpa paryaMta utpatti aura sthiti AjIvaka zramaNoM kI acyuta kalpa paryaMta utpatti aura sthiti / svayaM kI prazaMsA karane vAle yAvat kautuka karane vAle zramaNoM kI acyuta kalpa paryaMta utpatti aura vahA~ ke devoM kI sthiti / pravacana nivoM kI graiveyaka deva paryanta utpatti aura sthiti / alpAraMbhI yAvat dezavirata zramaNopAsaka kI acyuta kalpa paryaMta utpatti, sthiti / anArambhI yAvat nagnabhAvavAle nigraMthoM kI mukti / avazeSa zubhakarmoM ke rahane se nigraMthoM kI sarvArthasiddha meM utpatti aura sthiti / sarvakAmavirata yAvat kSINalobha nigraMthoM kI mukti / kevalI samudghAta ke cauthe samaya AtmA kA saMpUrNa loka meM vyApta honA aura nirjIrNa pudgaloM kA bhI pUrNa loka se sparza / nirjIrNa pudgaloM ko atisUkSma siddha karane hetu gandhapudgaloM kA udAharaNa / kevalI samudghAta karane ke kaarnn| kyA sabhI kevalI samudghAta karate haiM ? javAba meM nahIM karate haiM / kevalI samudghAta meM 8 samaya lagate haiM / kevalI samudghAta ke samaya mana, vacana ke yoga kA prayoga nahIM hotA, kAya yoga kA prayoga hotA hai| samudraghAta ke samaya mukta nahIM hote| kevalI samudghAta ke pazcAt mana, vacana aura kAyA kA prayoga hotA hai / sayogI avasthA meM mukti nahIM hotI / mukta AtmA kI vigrahagati nahIM hotii| mukta hote samaya eka sAkAropayoga hotA hai| siddhoM kI sAdi aparyavasita sthiti ko dyotita karane ke lie dagdhabIja kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| siddha hone vAle jIva kA saMghayaNa, saMsthAna, jaghanya utkRSTa avagAhanA, siddhoM kA nivAsa sthAna, sarvArthasiddha vimAna ke uparibhAga se ISat prAgbhArA pRthvItala kA antara, ISat prAgbhArA pRthvI kA AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi, madhyabhAga kI moTAI, usake 12 nAma, usakA varNa, saMsthAna, paudgalika racanA, sparza aura usakI anupama sundaratA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ISat prAgbhArA ke uparitala se lokAnta kA antara aura koza ke chaThe bhAga meM siddhoM kI avasthiti /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 205 anta meM 22 gAthAoM meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki siddha aloka ke nIce haiM aura loka ke Upara haiM / tircha loka meM ve zarIra tyAga karate haiM aura siddha loka meM rahate haiN| siddhAtmAoM kA saMsthAna, siddhoM kI jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa avagAhanA, eka meM aneka siddhAtmA, siddhAtmAoM kA lokAnta se sparza, siddhAtmAoM kA paraspara sparza, siddhoM kA lakSaNa, siddhoM kA jJAna, siddhoM kI dRSTi, aura aMta meM siddhoM ke anupama sukha kA varNana eka bhIlaputra ke udAharaNa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| upasaMhAra isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prastuta Agama kI apanI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM / nagara, caitya, rAjA evaM rAniyoM kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai| yaha varNana anya AgamoM ke lie AdhArabhUta hai ataH isI grantha kA ullekha sthAna sthAna para kiyA gayA hai| caMpAnagarI kA alaMkArika varNana sarvaprathama isI meM hai| isa prakAra kA sUkSma aura pUrNa varNana saMskRta sAhitya meM bhI kama dRSTigocara hotA hai| saMskRti aura samAja kI dRSTi se bhI isa Agama kA mahatva hai| dhArmika aura naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA bhI kI gaI hai| isakI bhASA upamAbahula, samAsabahula aura vizeSaNabahula hai|

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2. rAjapraznIyasUtra nAmakaraNa rAjapraznIya dvitIya upAMga hai| naMdIsUtra meM isakA nAma 'rAyapaseNiya' milatA hai / ' AcArya malayagiri ne 'rAyapaseNIa' nAma diyA hai| ve isakA saMskRta rUpa 'rAjapraznIya-rAjaprazneSu bhavaM' karate haiN| siddhasenagaNI ne tattvArthavRtti meM 'rAjaprasenakIya' likhA hai, to muni caMdrasUri ne 'rAjaprasenajita' likhA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne rAyapaseNaiya ko sUtrakRtAMga kA upAMga siddha karate hae likhA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM jo kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI prabhRti pAkhaMDiyoM ke bhedoM kI parigaNanA kI gaI hai unameM se akriyAvAdiyoM ke mata kA avalaMbana lekara rAjA pradezI ne kezIzramaNa se praznottara kie| ataH rAyapaseNaiya sUtrakRtAMga kA upAMga hai| DA0viTaranitja kA abhimata hai ki prastuta Agama meM pahale rAjA prasenajita kI kathA thii| usake pazcAt prasenajita ke sthAna meM paesa lagAkara pradezI ke sAtha isakA sambandha jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| prastuta Agama do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama vibhAga meM sUryAbha nAmaka deva bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakSa upasthita hokara natya karatA hai aura vividha prakAra ke nATakoM kI racanA karatA hai / dUsare vibhAga meM rAjA pradezI kA kezIkumArazramaNa se jIva ke astitva aura nAstitva ko lekara saMvAda hai| prastuta Agama kA prArambha AmalakappA nagarI ke varNana se hotA hai| vaha nagarI caMpAnagarI ke samAna hI atyanta sundara thii| usake uttara-pUrva meM AmrasAla nAmaka caitya thaa| vaha caitya vanakhaMDa se veSTita thaa| vahA~ kA rAjA seya thA aura rAnI kA nAma dhAriNI thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra vahA~ para 1 naMdIsUtra 83 2 bauddha sAhitya meM 'allakappA' nAma AtA hai| yaha sthAna zAhAbAda jile meM masAra aura vaizAlI ke bIca meM avasthita thaa|

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bAhya Agama sAhitya 207 padhAre aura AmrasAla vana meM virAje / rAjA-rAnI bhagavAna ke upadeza zravaNArthaM pahu~ce / upadeza zravaNa kara pariSada ke loga atyanta prasanna bhAva se kahane lage-nirgrantha pravacana kA jaisA sundara pratipAdana Apane kiyA hai vaisA anya koI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa nahIM kara sktaa| usa samaya saudharmasvarga ke sUryAbha nAmaka deva ne apane divya jJAna se dekhA ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra isa samaya AmrasAlavana caitya meM virAja rahe haiN| usane vahIM se bhagavAna ko vaMdana kiyA aura apane Abhiyogika devoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve zIghra hI mahAvIra kI sevA meM pahu~ceM aura vahA~ kI jamIna Adi ko sApha kareM, sugaMdhita jala se chir3akAva kareM, puSpoM kI varSA kareM tathA sugaMdhita dravyoM se mahakA deN| tadanusAra kiyA gayA / sUryAbhadeva ne apane senApati ko bulAkara sudharmA sabhA meM TaMge hue ghaMTe ko jora-jora se bajavA kara apane adhIna devoM ko taiyAra kiyA aura atyanta sundara kalAtmaka vimAna kI racanA kii| usameM baiThakara bhagavAna kI sevA meM aayaa| usane bhagavAna se prazna kiye aura gautama Adi nirgrantha zramaNoM ke samakSa 32 prakAra kI nRtyakalA pradarzita karane kI bhAvanA vyakta kii| usane prekSA maMDapa Adi kI racanA kara aneka prakAra ke vAdya banAye; jinakA aitihAsika dRSTi se mahatva hai| tatpazcAt deva va devakumAriyoM ne 32 prakAra ke nATaka kiye / 32veM nATaka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke cyavana, garbhasaMharaNa, janma, abhiSeka, bAlakrIDA, yauvanAvasthA, gRhasthAvAsa, mahAbhiniSkramaNa, tapazcaraNa, jJAnaprApti, tIrthapravartana aura parinirvANa saMbaMdhI ghaTanAoM kA abhinaya kiyA gayA thA / abhinaya samApta hone ke pazcAt sUryAbhadeva namaskAra kara vimAna meM baiThakara apane sthAna ko lauTa gayA / usake bAda sUryAbhadeva ke vimAna ke sambandha meM gautama ne prazna kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vistAra se sUryAbhadeva ke vimAna para prakAza DAlA / gautama ne dvitIya prazna kiyA ki yaha mahAn Rddhi sUryAbhadeva ko kina zubhakarmoM se prApta huI hai| bhagavAna ne isa prazna kA jo uttara pradAna kiyA --- vaha isa Agama kA dvitIya vibhAga hai, vaha isa prakAra hai kekaya ardha janapada meM seyaviyA (zvetAmbikA) nAma kI eka sundara 1 jaina sAhitya meM 253 AyeM kSetroM kI parigaNanA kI gaI hai jina kSetroM meM zramaNa sukhapUrvaka vihAra kara sakate the| kekaya deza zrAvastI ke uttara-pUrva nepAla kI tarAI meM thaa| bauddha sAhitya meM seyaviyA ko setavyA likhA hai| bhagavAna

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208 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nagarI thii| usake uttarapUrva meM magavana nAmaka udyAna thaa| isa nagarI kA rAjA pradezI' thA / vaha adhArmika, pracaNDa va krodhI thaa| atyanta mAyAvI thaa| gurujanoM kA vaha kabhI bhI satkAra-sanmAna nahIM karatA thaa| zramaNa va brAhmaNoM para use vizvAsa hI nahIM thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma sUryakAntA aura putra kA nAma sUryakAnta thA, jo usake rAjya, rASTra, bala, vAhana, koSa, koSThAgAra aura antaHpura kI nigarAnI kiyA karatA thaa| rAjA pradezI ke citta nAmaka eka sArathI thA / vaha sAma, dAma, daMDa aura bheda nItiyoM meM atyanta kuzala thaa| prabala pratibhAsampanna hone ke kAraNa rAjA pradezI samaya-samaya para usase parAmarza liyA karatA thaa| kuNAlA janapada meM zrAvastI nAma kI eka nagarI thii| vahA~ kA rAjA jitazatru rAjA pradezI kA AjJAkArI sAmanta thaa| eka bAra rAjA pradezI ne apane citta sArathI ko bulAkara kahA ki 'yaha bheMTa lekara zrAvastI jAo aura kucha samaya rAjA jitazatra ke sAtha rahakara vahA~ ke zAsana kI dekhabhAla kro|' tadanusAra citta sArathI vahA~ jAtA hai aura upahAra pradAna kara vahA~ para rahatA hai| usa samaya caturdazapUrvadhArI pAzrvApatya kezIkumAra zramaNa vahA~ para padhArate haiN| unake Agamana ko zravaNa kara hajAroM kI janamedanI darzanArtha umar3a par3I, jise dekhakara citta sArathI ne kaMcukI puruSa ko bulAkara pUchA ki 'Aja kauna sA mahotsava hai jisake kAraNa itanI cahala-pahala ho rahI hai ?' kaMcukI ne kezIzramaNa ke padhArane kI bAta khii| citta sArathI bhI kezIzramaNa kI sevA meM phuNcaa| kezIzramaNa ne sarva prANAtipAta viramaNa, sarva mRSAvAda viramaNa, sarva adattAdAna viramaNa aura sarva bahiddhAdAna viramaNa kA upadeza diyaa| mahAvIra vahAM padhAre the| yaha sthAna zrAvastI (saheTa maheTa) se 17 mIla aura balarAmapura se 6 mIla kI dUrI para avasthita thaa| dIghanikAya ke pAyAssisutta meM rAjA pAyAsi ke praznottara haiN| jo ina praznoM / se milate-julate haiM / vahA~ para pAyAsi ko kozala ke rAjA pasenadi kA vaMzadhara kahA hai| 2 dIghanikAya meM citta ke sthAna para khatte zabda kA prayoga huA hai| khatte kA paryAyavAcI saMskRta meM kSata-kSatA hotA hai| jisakA artha sArathI hai| dekhiye-rAyapaseNayasutta kA sAra, pR066-60 becaravAsa dozI 3 sthAnAMga vRtti pR0202 meM bahiddhA kA artha maithuna aura AdAna kA artha parigraha kiyA hai|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 206 citta sArathI kezIkumAra ke pAvana pravacana ko sunakara atyanta AlhAdita huA aura kahane lagA-'maiM anagAradharma ko grahaNa karane meM asamartha hU~ ata: mujhe zrAvakadharma grahaNa kraayeN|' vaha zrAvakadharma svIkAra kara nirgrantha pravacana meM zraddhAzIla huaa| caturdazI, aSTamI, amAvasa aura pUrNimA ke dina pauSadha karatA huA nirgrantha muniyoM ko nirdoSa azana-pAna-AsanazayyA Adi se lAbhAnvita karatA huA Atmacintana meM lIna rahane lgaa| rAjA jitazatru kI ora se upahAra lekara citta sArathI seyaviyA (zvetAMbikA) kI ora prasthAna karane ke parva kezIzramaNa se seyaviyA (zvetAMbikA) padhArane kI prArthanA karane lagA, kintu kezIzramaNa ne usakI prArthanA kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyaa| jaba usane apanI prArthanA kI upekSA kA kAraNa jAnanA cAhA taba ke zIzramaNa ne kahA, 'tumhArA rAjA pradezI adhArmika hai ataH hama vahA~ kaise A sakate haiM ?' citta ne nivedana kiyA 'Apa vahA~ padhAreM, Apako vahA~ para kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM hogaa|' citta sArathI vahA~ se seyaviyA pahu~cA aura mRgavana ke udyAnapAlaka ko sUcita kiyA ki kezIzramaNa yahA~ padhAreM to unheM sabhI prakAra kI suvidhA denA / usake bAda usane rAjA pradezI ko jitazatru ke diye hue upahAra pradAna kiye| kucha samaya ke pazcAt kezIzramaNa seyaviyA padhAre / citta sArathI unake bandana hetu phuNcaa| usane kezIzramaNa se nivedana kiyA-bhaMte ! rAjA pradezI bar3A hI anArya aura adhArmika hai| use Apa upadeza deM jisase usakA bhI kalyANa ho aura sAtha hI anyoM kA bhii| kezIzramaNa ne kahA--jaba taka vaha nahIM AtA, apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna nahIM karatA taba taka vaha dharmazravaNa nahIM kara sktaa| dUsare dina citta sArathI ne pradezI se nivedana kiyA ki jo kamboja ke cAra ghor3e upahAra meM prApta hue haiM unakI hama parIkSA kreN| rAjA ghor3oM ke ratha para ArUr3ha hokara idhara-udhara ghUmatA rhaa| jaba vaha thaka gayA aura use pyAsa satAne lagI taba citta sArathI use mugavana udyAna meM le gayA, jahA~ kezIzramaNa dharmopadeza de rahe the / kezIzramaNa ko dekhakara pradezI mana meM cintana karane lagA, 'jar3a vyakti hI jar3a kI upAsanA karate haiN| mUr3ha vyakti hI mUr3hoM kI upAsanA karate haiM, ajJa vyakti hI ajJAniyoM ko sammAna dete haiN| yaha kauna jar3a, mUr3ha va ajJAnI hai ? isakA ceharA camaka rahA hai| usa para divya teja bhI jhalaka rahA hai / yaha kyA khAtA hai ? kyA pItA hai ? yaha itane ucca

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21. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA svara se upadeza de rahA hai ki maiM udyAna meM svacchanda rUpa se caMkramaNa bhI nahIM kara sktaa|' citta ne pradezI kI zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahArAjan ! ye pAvapitya kezIkumAra zramaNa haiM, cAra jJAna ke dhAraka haiM aura annajIvI haiN| rAjA pradezI kezIzramaNa ke pAsa jAtA hai| kezIzramaNa usake mana ke vicAra vyakta karake use prabhAvita karate haiN| pradezI prazna karatA hai-kyA zramaNa nigrantha jIva aura zarIra ko pRthaka mAnate haiM ? kezI-hA~, hama jIva aura zarIra ko pRthaka mAnate haiN| pradezI-mere dAdA adhArmika the, prajA kA pAlana ThIka rUpa se nahIM karate the, ApakI dRSTi se vaha marakara naraka meM gaye hoNge| unakA mere Upara atyanta sneha thaa| mujhe dekhakara ve prasannatA se phUle na samAte the| aisI sthiti meM ve mujhe Akara kyoM nahIM kahate ki maiM naraka meM paidA huA hU~ / pApakRtya karane ke kAraNa vahA~ apAra kaSToM kA anubhava kara rahA huuN| isalie tU pApa na kara / para unhoMne mujhe abhI taka kucha bhI nahIM kahA hai ata: jIva aura zarIra eka haiN| kezI-pradezI ! tumhArI rAnI ke sAtha koI kAmuka vyakti viSayasevana kI icchA kare to kyA tuma use daMDa doge? pradezI-hA~, maiM use zUlI para car3hA dUMgA, usake prANa le luuNgaa| kezI-yadi vaha vyakti tumase kahe, jarA ruka jAo, maiM apane sambandhiyoM ko sUcita kara dUM ki kAmavAsanA ke vazIbhUta hokara mujhe mRtyu-daNDa mila rahA hai| yadi tuma bhI aisA karoge to tumheM bhI isI prakAra kA daMDa milegaa| to kyA tuma usa puruSa ko apane sambandhiyoM ko sUcanA dene ke lie mukta karoge? __pradezI-kabhI nahIM, kyoMki vaha merA aparAdhI hai| kezI-isI prakAra tumhAre dAdA kA tumhAre Upara sneha hone para bhI aura unakI icchA hone para bhI ve naraka se yahA~ para nahIM A skte| ataH jIva aura zarIra bhinna hai| pradezI-(dUsarA udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai) merI dAdI bahuta hI dharmAtmA thii| usakA bhI mujha para bahuta hI anurAga thaa| vaha ApakI dRSTi se svarga meM hI gaI hogii| use to Akara kahanA cAhie ki puNya ke kAraNa

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 211 maiM svarga meM gaI hU~ / ata: tU bhI dharma aura puNya kr| kintu usane bhI mujhe sUcita nahIM kiyA hai ataH jIva aura zarIra bhinna nahIM hai| kezI-kalpanA kIjie, snAnAdi aura sugandhita dravyoM ke sAtha tuma darzana ke lie jA rahe ho; usa samaya koI vyakti zaucagRha meM baiThA huA tumheM AhvAna kare ki tuma bhI kucha samaya ke lie yahA~ Akara baiTho to kyA usa samaya tuma usakI bAta sunoge? pradezI-maiM usa zaucagRha meM kabhI nahIM jaauuNgaa| kezI---svarga meM utpanna huA deva mAnava-loka meM AnA pasanda nahIM krtaa| cUMki mAnava-loka kI gandha use priya nahIM hotI aura svarga ke raMgIna kAma-bhogoM ko vaha chor3a nahIM paataa| pravezI-eka taskara ko pakar3akara kotavAla mere pAsa lAyA / maiMne use kumbhI meM DAlakara Upara se Dhakkana lagA diyaa| kahIM chidra na rahe ataH use lohe aura zIze se banda kara diyaa| vizvasta paharedAra bhI niyukta kara diye / kucha samaya ke pazcAt maiMne kumbhI ko khulavA kara dekhA, vaha marA huA thaa| jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki jIva aura zarIra donoM eka hI haiN| kezI-eka vyakti kUTAgArazAlA meM dvAra baMda kara, andara baiThakara yadi jora-jora se bherI bajAye to kyA tuma bAhara baiThe hue usakI AvAja nahIM sunate ? pradezI-hA~, sunatA huuN| kezI-jaise nicchidra makAna meM se AvAja bAhara AtI hai vaise hI jIva pRthvIzilA aura parvata ko bhI bheda kara bAhara jA sakatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jIva aura zarIra eka nahIM hai| pradezI-maiMne eka taskara ko lohe kI kumbhI meM DalavA diyA aura kumbhI ko acchI taraha baMda karavA diyaa| kucha dinoM ke pazcAt jaba use kholA gayA to mRtakalevara meM kIr3e bila-bilA rahe the| usa lohe kI kumbhI meM kahIM para bhI chidra nahIM thA, phira ve kIr3e vahA~ kaise A gaye? jJAta hotA hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna nahIM hai| kezI-tumane lohe ko phUMkate hue dekhA hai ? usa samaya lohA agnimaya ho jAtA hai| lohe meM vaha agni kaise praviSTa haI ? usameM kahIM bhI koI chidra nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra jIva aniruddha gati vAlA hone se kumbhI ko

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212 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bheda kara andara jA sakatA hai aura nikala bhI sakatA hai| ata: isase jIva aura zarIra kI ekatA siddha nahIM hotii| pravezI--eka vyakti dhanurvidyA meM kuzala hai kintu vahI vyakti bAlyAvasthA meM eka bhI bANa nahIM chor3a sakatA thaa| yadi bAlyAvasthA va yuvAvasthA meM jIva eka hone se eka sadRza zakti hotI to maiM samajhatA ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiN| kezI-----dhanavidyA meM niSNAta koI vyakti naye dhanuSa bANa dvArA jitanI kuzalatA dikhA sakatA hai utanI kuzalatA vaha purAne jIrNa-zIrNa dhanuSa bANa se nahIM dikhA sktaa| sArAMza yaha hai ki dhanurvidyAniSNAta vyakti zaktizAlI to hai, para upakaraNoM kI kamI ke kAraNa vaha apanI zakti kA pradarzana nahIM kara sktaa| isI prakAra maMdajJAna vAlA vyakti upakaraNoM kI kamI ke kAraNa apanI zakti nahIM dikhA sktaa| yuvAvasthA meM upakaraNa zaktimAn hone se usakI zakti bar3ha jAtI hai| pravezI-koI yuvaka lohe, sIse yA jaste kA bhAra acchI taraha se uThA sakatA hai kintu vRddhAvasthA Ane para vahI vyakti bhAra vahana karane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai aura lakar3I ke sahAre calatA hai| donoM avasthAoM meM jIva eka hI ho to aisA kyoM hotA hai ? taruNAvasthA kI bhAMti yadi vRddhAvasthA meM bhI bhAra vahana karane kA sAmarthya rahatA to ApakA kathana satya hotA kintu aisA hotA nahIM / isase yaha samajhA jA sakatA hai ki jIva aura zarIra donoM bhinna nahIM haiN| kezI- hRSTa-puSTa vyakti hI bhAra vahana kara sakatA hai| yadi kisI hRSTa-puSTa vyakti ke pAsa naI kAvar3a ho to vaha gurutara bhAra uThAkara le jA sakatA hai| yadi jIrNa-zIrNa kAvar3a hai to vaha usase bhAra nahIM uThA sktaa| yahI bAta vRddha aura taruNa ke saMbaMdha meM hai| pravezI--acchA, to eka dUsarA prazna hai| kisI taskara ko pahale hama jIvita avasthA meM toleM phira use mArakara toleM to donoM avasthAoM meM cora ke vajana meM koI antara nahIM hotaa| ata: jIva aura zarIra kI abhinatA hI siddha hotI hai| kezI-jaise khAlI aura havA se bharI haI mazaka ke vajana meM vizeSa koI antara nahIM par3atA vaise hI jIvita puruSa aura mRta puruSa ke vajana meM koI

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 213 antara nahIM pdd'taa| jIva amUrta hai / usakA apanA koI vajana nahIM hotA / ata: jIva ke nikala jAne para bhI mRtaka kA vajana nyUna nahIM hotA / pradezI --- maiMne eka bAra kisI taskara ke zarIra kA parIkSaNa kiyA kintu mujhe jIva dikhAI nahIM diyaa| maiMne usake zarIra ke pratyeka aMga aura upAMga ko kATakara dekhA kintu kahIM para bhI jIva dikhAI nahIM diyaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki jIva kA abhAva hai / kezI- are pradezI ! mujhe lagatA hai ki tU mUr3ha hai| terI sArI pravRtti to mujhe aisI lagatI hai jaise kucha vyakti jaMgala meM phuNce| unake sAtha agni thii| unhoMne apane eka sAthI se kahA ki hama sabhI dUra jaMgala meM jAkara lakar3iyA~ le Ate haiM taba taka tuma isa agni se Aga jalAkara hamAre lie bhojana taiyAra kara rkhnaa| kadAcit agni bujha jAya to ina araNI kI lakar3iyoM ko ghisakara Aga pragaTa kara lenA / usake sAthI cale gaye aura vaha Aga, jo sAtha meM thI, bujha gii| usane apane sAthiyoM kI salAha ke anusAra lakar3iyoM ko idhara-udhara ulaTa-palaTa kara dekhA kintu kahIM para bhI Aga najara nahIM AI / kulhAr3I se lakar3iyoM ko cIra-cIrakara Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diye kintu Aga nahIM milii| vaha nirAza aura hatAza hokara socane lagA ki mere sAthiyoM ne mere sAtha ha~sI kI hai| yadi ve ina lakar3iyoM meM Aga kI bAta nahIM kahate to maiM usa agni ko hI saMbhAla kara rakhatA / bhUkhe-pyAse sAthI lakar3iyA~ lekara lauTe to dekhA ki bhojana taiyAra nahIM huA hai| eka sAthI ne una araNI kI lakar3iyoM ko ghisakara agni taiyAra kI aura sabhI ne bhojana kiyA / jaise vaha lakar3ahArA lakar3I ko cIrakara Aga pAne kI icchA rakhatA thA vaise hI tuma bhI zarIra ko cIrakara jIva ko dekhane kI icchA rakhate ho, kyA tuma bhI usa mUrkha lakar3ahAre kI taraha hI nahIM ho ? pradezI - jaise koI vyakti apanI hathelI para rakhakara AMvalA spaSTa rUpa se dikhAtA hai vaise hI kyA Apa bhI jIva ko dikhA sakate haiM ? kezI-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, azarIrI jIva, paramANu pudgala, zabda, gaMdha aura vAyu, ina ATha padArthoM ko viziSTa jJAnI dekha sakate haiM, ajJAnI nahIM / pradezI kyA hAthI aura cIMTI meM eka samAna jIva hotA hai ? kezI- hA~, eka samAna hotA hai| jaise koI vyakti kisI kamare meM dIpaka jalAe to vaha saMpUrNa kamare ko prakAzita karatA hai| yadi use kisI

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214 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bartana se DhaMka diyA jAya to vaha bartana ke bhAga ko hI prakAzita kregaa| dIpaka donoM sthAnoM para vahI hai| sthAna vizeSa kI dRSTi se usake prakAza meM saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai| yahI bAta hAthI aura cIMTI ke jIva ke sambandha meM samajhanI caahiye| saMkoca aura vistAra donoM hI avasthAoM meM usakI pradeza saMkhyA nyUnAdhika nahIM hotI, samAna hI rahatI hai| kezIkumAra zramaNa ke akATya tarkoM ko sunakara rAjA pradezI kI sabhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna ho gyaa| usane kahA, ApakA kathana to ThIka hai kintu jo merA mantavya hai ki jIva aura zarIra eka hai vaha merA hI nahIM kintu mere pitA kI bhI yahI dhAraNA thii| ataH maiM apane paitRka mantavya ko kaise chor3a sakatA hU~? kezI-tU bhI lohe ke vajana ko uThAne vAle usI mar3ha vyakti ke samAna dikhalAI detA hai| kucha vyakti dhana kI abhilASA se videza prasthita hue| kucha dUra calane para unhoMne lohe kI khadAna dekhI, bar3e prasanna hue| ve sabhI lohe ko lekara Age bar3he to tAMbe kI khadAna milii| lohA chor3akara unhoMne tAMbA liyaa| phira cA~dI kI khadAna Ane para tA~bA chor3akara cAMdI lii| Age bar3hane para sone kI khadAna milI to unhoMne cA~dI chor3akara sonA grahaNa kiyaa| usake bAda ratnoM kI khadAna Ane para sone ko chor3akara ratna lie| vahA~ se kucha dUra Age bar3hane para bahumUlya vajraratna kI khadAna milii| unhoMne una ratnoM ko chor3akara bajraratna lie| unakA eka sAthI jisane sarvaprathama lohA liyA thA, vaha apane sAthiyoM ke asthira mastiSka kI haMsI ur3Ane lgaa| usake sAthiyoM ne use bahuta samajhAyA ki lohe ko chor3akara bahumUlya ratna le lo| isase tumhArI sampUrNa daridratA miTa jaaygii| para vaha na maanaa| usane kahA-itanI dUra se lAye hue lohe ko kaise tyAga dUM? usake sAthI jinhoMne ratna liye the ve sabhI zrImaMta ho gaye aura vaha vaisA hI bhikhArI aura daridra banA rhaa| jaba apane sAthiyoM ko zrIsaMpanna dekhatA hai to use mahAna pazcAttApa hone lagatA hai ki maiMne bhayaMkara bhUla kii| vaise hI tU kevalI prarUpita dharma ko svIkAra nahIM karegA to tujhe bhI pazcAttApa hogaa| pradezI ne kezIzramaNa se dharma ke marma ko zravaNa kara zrAvakavrata grahaNa kiye / jo pahale adhArmika thA, jisake hAtha sadA khUna se raMge rahate the, usake

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 215 jIvana kA sArA nakzA badala gyaa| koyale kI taraha jisakA jIvana kAlAkalUTA thA vaha kezIzramaNa rUpI agni ke sparza se svarNa kI taraha camakane lgaa| vaha apane rAjya, bala, vAhana, bhaMDAra, koSThAgAra, grAma, nagara aura aMtaHpura se udAsIna hokara sadA AtmasAdhanA meM tallIna rahane lgaa| rAnI sUryakAMtA ne jaba rAjA kI udAsIna vRtti dekhI to use vaha acchI nahIM lgii| vaha rAjA ko viSa prayoga se mArakara apane putra ko rAjagaddI para biThAne kA upAya socane lgii| usane eka dina rAjA ke bhojana va vastroM meM viSa milA diyA jisase bhojana karate hI aura vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa karate hI rAjA ke zarIra meM apAra vedanA hone lgii| rAjA pradezI samajha gayA kintu rAnI ke prati usake antarmAnasa meM tanika bhI roSa paidA nahIM haa| usane pauSadhazAlA meM jAkara apane samasta kRtyoM kI AlocanA kii| vaha samAdhipUrvaka zarIra kA tyAga kara saudharma svarga meM sUryAbha nAmaka deva huaa| sUryAbhadeva ke atula samRddhi prApta karane kA yahI rahasya hai| devaloka se cyuta hokara sUryAbhadeva mahAvideha meM dRr3hapratijJa rAjakumAra hogA aura jalakamala ke samAna nirlepa bhAva se jIvana yApana karake mokSa prApta kregaa| upasaMhAra prastuta Agama kI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiN| isameM sthApatya, saMgIta aura nATyakalA kI dRSTi se aneka tattvoM kA samAveza huA hai| 32 prakAra ke nATakoM kA ullekha hai jo sUryAbhadeva ne bhagavAna ke sAmane kiye the| lekhana saMbaMdhI sAmagrI kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| sAma, dAma aura daMDa nIti ke aneka siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai| 72 kalAe~, 4 pariSad, kalAcArya, zilpAcArya aura dharmAcArya kA nirUpaNa hai / pArzvanAtha paramparA sambandhI aneka bAtoM kI jAnakArI hotI hai| kAvya aura kathAoM ke vikAsa ke lie vArtAlApa aura saMvAdoM kA Adarza yahA~ upasthita kiyA gayA hai|

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nAmakaraNa 3. jIvAmigama prastuta Agama meM jIvAbhigama yA jIvAdhigama tRtIya upAMga hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gaNadhara gautama ke prazna aura uttara ke rUpa meM jIva aura ajIva ke bheda aura prabhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isameM 8 prakaraNa ( pratipatti), eka adhyayana, 18 uddezaka, 4750 upalabdha zloka pramANa pATha haiM / 272 gadya sUtra aura 81 padyagAthA haiN| TIkAkAra AcArya malayagiri ne prastuta Agama ko sthAnAMga kA upAMga likhA hai| unhoMne apanI vRtti meM aneka sthaloM para vAcanAbheda kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / ' paramparA kI dRSTi se prastuta Agama meM 20 uddezaka the aura bIsaveM uddezaka kI vyAkhyA zAlibhadrasUri ke ziSya candrasUri ne kI thI / abhayadeva ne bhI isake tRtIya pada para saMgrahaNI likhI thI / prathama pratipatti pahalI jIvAjIvAbhigama pratipatti hai| usameM jIva aura ajIva ke do-do bheda kiye haiM phira dharma-adharma Adi ke rUpa meM ajIva ke bheda kiye haiM phira saMsArI jIva ke trasa va sthAvara ye do bheda haiN| sthAvara jIva ke pRthvIkAya, apkAya aura vanaspatikAya ye tIna bheda kiye haiM aura pRthvIkAya ke sUkSma va bAdara bheda karake zarIra avagAhanA, saMghayaNa, saMsthAna, kaSAya, lezyA, saMjJA, indriya, samudghAta, saMjJI, asaMjJI, paryApti, dRSTi, darzana, jJAna, yoga, upayoga, AhAra, upapAta sthiti, samohiyA asamohiyA maraNa, cyavana, gati aura Agati, ye dvAra sabhI meM ghaTAye gaye haiM / vanaspatikAya ke sUkSma aura bAdara ye do bheda kiye haiM / bAdara vanaspati ke pratyeka va sAdhAraNa aura pratyeka ke vRkSa, guccha, gulma, latA, vallI, parva, tRNa, valaya, 1 iha mUyAn pustakeSu vAcanAbhedo galitAni ca sUtrANi bahuSu pustakeSu yathAvasthita vAcanAbheda pratipattyarthaM galitasUtroddharaNArthaM caivaM sugamAnyapi vibriyante / ( jIvAjIvAbhigama TIkA 3, 376)

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 217 harita, auSadhi, jalaruha, kuhaNa Adi aura sAdhAraNa zarIra vanaspatikAya ke aneka prakAra haiN| trasa jIva ke tejaskAya, vAyukAya aura audArika zrasa ye tIna bheda kiye haiM / tejaskAya aura vAyukAya ke sUkSma aura bAdara aura phira bAdara ke aneka bheda batAye haiM / audArika trasa dvIndriya, zrIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya rUpa se cAra prakAra hote haiN| paMcendriya ke nAraka, tiyaMca, manuSya aura deva ye bheda kiye haiN| naraka ke ratnaprabhAdi sAta bheda batAye haiN| tiryaMca ke jalacara, sthalacara aura nabhacara ye tIna bheda karake phira eka-eka ke aneka bheda kiye haiN| manuSya ke saMmUcchima aura garbhotpanna ye do bheda haiM aura deva ke bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSI aura vaimAnika ye cAra bheda haiN| dvitIya pratipatti dvitIya pratipatti meM saMsArI jIva ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM-strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka / striyA~ tIna prakAra kI haiM-tiryaMcaNI, mAnuSI aura devii| phira unake aneka bheda kiye haiM aura unakI jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti para prakAza DAlA hai| phira puruSa ke bhI tIna bheda kiye haiM-tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva / strI ke samAna puruSa ke bhI aneka bheda batAkara unakI jaghanya va utkRSTa sthiti para prakAza DAlA hai / isake bAda napuMsaka ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM-nAraka, tithaMca aura manuSya aura unake bhI aneka prakAra batAkara unakA jaghanya-utkRSTa antarakAla bhI batAyA hai| napuMsaka veda ko ' kisI mahAnagarI ke prajvalita hone ke samAna ugra dAhakArI batAyA hai| tRtIya pratipatti tRtIya pratipatti meM naraka kI sAta pRthviyoM ke nAma, gotra, pahalI naraka ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke 3 kANDa, zarkarAprabhA yAvat tamastamAprabhA kA eka-eka prakAra batAyA hai| sAta narakoM ke nArakAvAsa, sAta narakoM ke nIce ghanodadhi, dhanavAta, tanuvAta, avakAzAntara, ratnaprabhA ke kANDa kA bAhulya, yAvat tamastamA ke bAhulya Adi, sAta narakoM aura unake avakAzAntaroM meM pudgala dravyoM kI vyApaka sthiti, sAta narakoM se cAroM dizAoM meM lokAnta kA antara, sAta narakoM ke saMsthAna, sAta narakoM meM sarva jIvoM ke utpanna hone, nikalane Adi ke sambandha meM praznottara, sAta narakoM ke varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparzAdi, cAra gatiyoM kI apekSA se gati aura Agati,

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218 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nairayikoM ke zvAsocchvAsa ke pudgala, AhAra ke pudgala, lezyAe~, jJAna, ajJAna, yoga, upayoga, avadhijJAna kA pramANa, samudghAta, sAta narakoM meM kSudhA-pipAsAdi kI vedanA, zItoSNa vedanA, mAnavaloka kI uSNatA se nArakIya uSNatA kI tulanA, nairayikoM kA aniSTa pudgala pariNamana, tiryaMca ke sambandha meM vistAra se lezyA, dRSTi, ajJAna, jJAna, yoga, upayoga, utpatti, sthiti, maraNa, samudghAta, udvartana, kulakoDi ina 11 dvAroM se varNana kiyA gayA hai / manuSya yoni ke jIvoM ke varNana meM manuSya ke saMmUcchima aura garbhaja do bheda kiye haiM / saMmUcchima manuSya kI utpatti kA sthAna, garbhaja manuSya 3 prakAra ke-karmabhUmija, akarmabhUmija aura antaradvIpaja / ekorukadvIpa (antaradvIpa) kA sthAna, AyAma, viSkaMbha aura paridhi, padmavaravedikA kI U~cAI, viSkaMbha, bhUmitala kA varNana, aneka prakAra ke vRkSa, latAe~, gulma aura 10 prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM kA varNana / vahA~ ke manuSyoM kA sarvAMgINa varNana karate hue unakI U~cAI, pasaliyA~, AhArecchA kA kAla, manuSyoM ke bhojya padArtha, vahA~ kI pRthvI va phaloM ke AsvAda kA varNana kiyA hai| aura sAtha hI gRha, grAma, nagara, asi, masi, kRSi Adi karma, hiraNya, suvarNa Adi dhAtu, rAjA aura sAmAjika vyavasthA, dAsyakarma, bairabhAva, mitrAdi, naTAdi ke natya, vAhana, dhAnya, DAMsa, macchara, yuddha, roga, ativRSTi, lohe Adi dhAtu kI khAne, kraya-vikraya Adi sabhI kA vahA~ para abhAva batAyA gayA hai| akarmabhUmija manuSya ke 30 prakAroM aura karmabhUmija ke 15 prakAroM kA varNana hai| cAra prakAra ke devoM kA varNana karate hue bhavanavAsI devoM se lekara anuttara vimAnavAsI devoM taka ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| bhavanavAsI devoM ke bhavanoM kA sthAna, dakSiNa ke asurakumAroM ke bhavanoM kA varNana, asurendra kI 3 pariSada, unameM devoM kI, deviyoM kI saMkhyA, unakI sthiti, tIna pariSadoM kI bhinnatA kA kAraNa, uttara ke asurakumAroM kA varNana, isI prakAra asurakumAroM kI tIna pariSadoM kA bhI varNana hai aura dakSiNa-uttara ke nAgakumArendra aura dakSiNa-uttara ke bhavanendra va unakI tIna pariSada va sabhI ke deva-deviyoM kA varNana hai| vyantara devoM ke bhavana, indra aura pariSadoM kA bhI varNana hai| jyotiSka devoM ke vimAnoM kA saMsthAna aura sUrya, candra,

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 216 jyotiSI devoM kI tIna-tIna pariSadoM kA varNana hai / dvIpa samudroM kA sthAna, saMkhyA, saMsthAna Adi kA varNana hai / jambUdvIpa ke vRttAkAra kI upamAe~, usake saMsthAna kI upamAeM, jambUdvIpa kA AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi, jagatI kI U~cAI, usake mUla, madhya aura Upara kA viSkaMbha, usakA saMsthAna, jagatI kI jAlI kI U~cAI va viSkaMbha, padmavedikA kI U~cAI, viSkaMbha, usakI jAlikAe~, ghor3e Adi ke citra, vanalatA Adi latAe~, akSaya, svastika, vividha prakAra ke kamala, zAzvata yA azAzvata nityatA Adi kA varNana hai / jambUdvIpa ke vanakhaMDa kA cakravAla, viSkaMbha, vividha vApikAe~ unake sopAna va toraNa, samIpavartI parvata, unake zilApaTTa, aneka latAgRha, maMDapa, zilApaTTa una para deva deviyoM kI krIr3Ae~ Adi viSayoM kA varNana hai / jambUdvIpa ke vijaya dvAra kA sthAna, usakI U~cAI, viSkaMbha tathA kapATa kI racanA kA vistRta varNana hai| vijaya devoM ke sAmAnika devoM ke, agramahiSiyoM ke tIna pariSadoM ke AtmasaMrakSaka devoM Adi ke bhadrAsanoM kA varNana hai / vijayadvAra ke UparI bhAga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, usake nAma kA hetu usake parivAra va vijayadvAra kA nAma zAzvata hai - yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai / jambUdvIpa kI vijayA rAjadhAnI kA sthAna, usakA AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi, prAkAra kI U~cAI, prAkAra ke mUla, madhya aura UparI bhAga kA viSkaMbha, usakA saMsthAna, kapizIrSaka kA AyAma, viSkaMbha, usake dvAroM kI U~cAI aura viSkaMbha, dvAroM kA dvAra, cAra vanakhaNDa, unakA AyAma, viSkaMbha, divya prAsAda, usameM cAra mahadhika deva, paridhi, padmavaravedikA vanakhaMDasopAna va toraNa, prAsAdAvataMsaka, maNipIThikA, siMhAsana, aSTamaMgala, samIpavartI prAsAdoM kI U~cAI, AyAma, viSkaMbha, anya pArzvavartI prAsAdoM kI U~cAI, AyAma, viSkaMbha Adi kA varNana hai / vijayadeva kI sudharmA sabhA, U~cAI, AyAma, viSkaMbha, usake tIna dvAroM kI U~cAI va viSkaMbha, mukhya maMDapoM kA AyAma, viSkaMbha aura U~cAI, prekSAgRha maMDapoM kA AyAma, U~cAI, viSkaMbha, maNipIThikAoM kA AyAma, viSkaMbha aura bAhulya, caityavRkSoM kI UMcAI, mahendradhvajAoM kI U~cAI, siddhAyatana kA AyAma, viSkaMbha Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|

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220 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA upapAta sabhA kA varNana, vijayadeva kI utpatti, paryApti, mAnasika saMkalpa, Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vijayadeva kI sthiti aura unake sAmAnika devoM kI sthiti, jambUdvIpa ke vijaya, vaijayanta, jayaMta aura aparAjita dvAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jambUdvIpa ke eka dvAra se dUsare dvAra kA antara, jambUdvIpa se lavaNasamudra kA aura lavaNasamudra se jambUdvIpa kA sparza / jambUdvIpa ke aura lavaNasamudra ke jIvoM kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| jambUdvIpa meM uttarakuru kA sthAna, saMsthAna aura viSkaMbha, jIvA aura vakSaskAra parvata kA sparza, dhanupRSTha kI paridhi, uttarakurukSetra ke manuSyoM kI U~cAI, pasaliyA~, AhArecchA, kAla, sthiti aura zizupAlana kAla / uttarakuru ke do yamakaparvata haiN| unakI UMcAI, udvedha, mUla, madhya aura UparI bhAga kA AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi, una parvatoM para prAsAda aura unakI U~cAI, yamaka nAma kA kAraNa do yamaka deva haiN| yamaka parvata nitya haiM, yamaka devoM kI rAjadhAnI kA sthAna, Adi kA varNana hai / uttarakuru meM nIlavaMtadraha kA sthAna, AyAma, viSkaMbha aura udvedha, padmakamala kA AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi, bAhulya, U~cAI aura sarvoparibhAga, isI taraha padmakaNikA, bhavana, dvAra; maNipIThikA, 108 kamala, kaNikAe~, padmaparivAra Adi ke AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi kA varNana hai| kaMcanaga parvatoM kA sthAna, prAsAda nAma kA kAraNa, kaMcanagadeva aura usakI rAjadhAnI, uttarakurudraha kA sthAna, caMdradraha, airAvaNadraha, mAlyavatadraha, jambUpITha kA sthAna, maNipIThikA, jambU-sudarzana vRkSa kI U~cAI, AyAma, viSkaMbha Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jambU-sudarzana kI zAkhAe~, una para bhavana, dvAra, uparibhAga meM siddhAyatana ke dvAroM kI UMcAI, viSkambha Adi / pArzvavartI anya jambU- sudarzanoM kI U~cAI, anAdhRta deva aura usakA parivAra, cAroM ora ke vanakhaNDa, pratyeka vanakhaNDa meM bhavana, nandA puSkaraNiyoM, unake madhya prAsAda, unake nAma eka mahAna kUTa, usakI U~cAI, AyAma, viSkambha Adi kA varNana hai| jambu sudarzana vRkSa para aSTamaMgala, usake 12 nAma, usake nAma kA kAraNa, anAvRta deva kI sthiti, rAjadhAnI kA sthAna kA varNana hai / jambUdvIpa nAma kI nityatA, usameM candra, sUrya, nakSatra, mahAgraha, tArAgaNa Adi kI saMkhyA Adi kA varNana hai / lavaNasamudra kA saMsthAna, usakA cakravAla, viSkaMbha, paridhi, padmavedikA kI U~cAI aura vanakhaMDa, lavaNasamudra ke dvAroM kA antara,

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 221 lavaNasamudra aura dhAtakIkhaMDadvIpa kA paraspara sparza, lavaNasamudra ke jIvoM kI dhAtakIkhaNDa meM paraspara utpatti, lavaNasamudra nAma kA kAraNa, lavaNAdhipati susthita deva kI sthiti, lavaNasamudra kI nityatA, usameM caMdra, sUrya nakSatra, mahAgraha, tArA Adi kI saMkhyA / aSTamI Adi tithiyoM meM lavaNasamudra kA jvArabhATA (bharatI aura ghaTatI), usameM cAra pAtAla kalaza Adi kA varNana hai / lavaNAdhipa susthita deva, gautama dvIpa kA sthAna, vanakhaMDa, krIDAsthala, maNipIThikA aura usake nAma ke kAraNa kA varNana hai / jambUdvIpa ke candradvIpa kA sthAna, U~cAI, AyAma, viSkaMbha, krIDAsthala, prAsAdAvataMsaka, maNipIThikA kA parimANa, nAma kA hetu Adi, isI prakAra jambUdvIpa ke sUrya aura unake dvIpoM kA varNana hai / lavaNasamudra ke bAhara candra-sUrya aura unake dvIpa, ghAtakIkhaNDa ke candra, sUrya aura unake dvIpa, kAlodadhisamudra ke candra, sUrya aura unake dvIpa, puSkaravaradvIpa ke candra, sUrya aura unake dvIpa, lavaNasamudra ke velaMdhara maccha, kacchapa, bAhya samudroM meM velaMdharoM kA abhAva, lavaNasamudra ke udaka kA varNana, usameM varSA Adi kA sadbhAva kintu bAhya samudroM meM abhAva, usakA saMsthAna, cakravAla, viSkaMbha, paridhi, udvedha Adi kA varNana hai / aranteus kA saMsthAna, cakravAla, viSkaMbha, cakravAla paridhi, sarafter aura vanakhaMDa, usake dvAra, unake antara dhAtakIkhaNDa aura kAlodadhi kA sparza, jIvoM kI utpatti, nAma kA hetu, ghAtakIkhaNDa ke vRkSa aura deva deviyoM kI stuti, usakI nityatA, ghAtakIkhaNDa ke candra, sUrya, mahAgraha, nakSatra, tArAgaNa Adi kA varNana hai / kAloda samudra kA saMsthAna, cakravAla, viSkaMbha, paridhi, padmavaravedikA, vanakhaMDa, cAra dvAra, unakA antara, kAloda samudra va puSkaravaradvIpa kA paraspara sparza, jIvoM kI paraspara utpatti, nAma kA kAraNa, kAla, mahAkAla deva kI sthiti, kAloda samudra kI nityatA, usake candra, sUrya, graha, nakSatra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| puSkaravaradvIpa kA saMsthAna, cakravAla, paridhi, padmavaravedikA vanakhaMDa, cAra dvAra, unakA antara, dvIpa aura samudra ke pradezoM kA sparza, jIvoM kI paraspara utpatti, nAma kA hetu, padma aura mahApadma vRkSa, padma aura

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222 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA puMDarIka devoM kI sthiti, puSkaravaradvIpa meM candra, sUrya, mahAgraha, nakSatra tArA Adi kA varNana hai| mAnuSottara parvata bIca meM A jAne se pUSkaravaradvIpa ke do vibhAga ho gaye haiN| samaya kSetra kA AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi, manuSya kSetra ke nAma kA kAraNa, sUrya, candra, mahAgraha, nakSatra, tArA Adi kA varNana hai|| manuSyaloka aura usake bAhara tArAoM kI gati Adi, mAnuSottara parvata kI U~cAI, parvata ke nAma kA kAraNa, loka sImA ke aneka vikalpa, manuSyakSetra meM candrAdi jyotiSI devoM kI maNDalAkAra gati, indra ke abhAva meM sAmAnika devoM dvArA zAsana, indra kA virahakAla, puSkarodadhi kA saMsthAna, cakravAla, viSkama, paridhi, cAra dvAra, unakA antara, dvIpa aura samudra ke jIvoM kI paraspara utpatti Adi para cintana kiyA hai| aMta meM svayaMbhUramaNa dvIpa aura samudra kA varNana hai| lavaNasamudra, kAloda samudra, puSkaroda, varuNoda, kSIroda, ghRtoda, kSotoda tathA zeSa samudra Adi ke pAnI ke AsvAda kA varNana hai| ye pratyeka rasa vAle cAra-cAra samudra, udagarasa vAle tIna samudra, bahuta maccha-kaccha vAle tIna samudra, zeSa samudra alpa maccha vAle haiN| samudroM ke matsyoM kI kulakoTi, avagAhanA, Adi kA varNana hai| devoM kI divya gati, bAhya pudgaloM ke grahaNa se hI vikurvaNA, deva ke vaikriya zarIra ko chadmastha nahIM dekha sakatA, bAlaka kA chedanabhedana kiye binA bAlaka ko hrasva, dIrgha karane kA sAmarthya deva meM hotA hai, Adi kA varNana hai| candra, sUryoM ke nIce, madhya aura Upara rahane vAle tArAoM kA varNana, pratyeka candra, sUrya ke parivAra kA parimANa, jambUdvIpa ke meru se jyotiSI devoM kI gati kA antara, lokAnta se jyotiSI devoM kI gati kSetra kA antara, ratnaprabhA ke UparI bhAga se tArAoM kA, sUrya-vimAna kA, candravimAna kA aura sabase Upara ke tAre ke vimAna kA antara yahA~ batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra adhovartI tAre se sUrya, candra aura sarvopari tAre kA antara, jambudvIpa meM sarvAbhyantara, sarvabAhya, sarvopari, sarvaadho gati karane vAle nakSatroM kA varNana, candravimAna, yAvat tArAvimAna kA viSkaMbha, paridhi, candra, sUrya, graha, nakSatroM ke vimAnoM ko parivahana karane vAle devoM kI

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 223 saMkhyA, candrAdi kI gati, agramahiSiyAM, unakI vikUrvaNA Adi kA varNana diyA gayA hai| vaimAnika devoM kA varNana karate hae zakendra kI tIna pariSada, unake devoM kI saMkhyA, sthiti, yAvat acyutendra kI tIna pariSada Adi kA varNana hai| ahamindra, aveyaka ba anuttara vimAna ke devoM kA varNana hai| saudharma, IzAna se lekara anuttara vimAnoM kA AdhAra, saudharma yAvat anuttara vimAna pRthvI kA bhinna-bhinna bAhalya, bhinna-bhinna saMsthAna, UMcAI, AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi, varNa, prabhA, gaMdha aura sparza / sarva vimAnoM kI paudgalika racanA, jIvoM aura pudgaloM kA cayopacaya, jIvoM kI utpatti kA bhinna-bhinna krama, sarva jIvoM se sarvathA rikta na honA, devoM kI bhinna-bhinna avgaahnaa| greveyaka aura anuttara devoM meM vikriyA karane kI zakti hone para bhI ve vikriyA nahIM karate / devoM meM saMghayaNa kA abhAva hai, kevala pudgaloM kA zubha pariNamana hotA hai| devoM meM samacaturasra saMsthAna hai, bhinna-bhinna varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza hote haiN| vaimAnika devoM ke avadhijJAna kI bhinna-bhinna avadhi, bhinnabhinna samudghAta, kSudhA-pipAsA ke vedana kA abhAva, bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI vaikriya zakti, sAtAvedanIya, vezabhUSA, kAmabhoga, bhinna-bhinna sthiti, gati / nairayikoM kI, tiyaMcoM kI, manuSyoM aura devoM kI jaghanya, utkRSTa sthiti aura jaghanya, utkRSTa saMsthiti kAla / nairayika, manuSya aura deva va tiryaca kA jaghanya aura utkRSTa antarakAla aura unakA alpabahutva isameM vaNita hai| caturtha pratipatti caturtha paMcavidha jIva pratipatti meM saMsAra sthita jIva ke pA~ca prakAra batAye haiM-ekendriya yAvat paMcendriya / jIva do prakAra ke, sUkSma aura bAdara, unakI jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti, saMsthitikAla, alpabahutva Adi batAye gaye haiN| paMcama pratipatti paMcama Savidha jIva pratipatti meM saMsAra sthita jIva chaha prakAra ke haiM-pRthvIkAya yAvat shrskaay| ina pratyeka ke do-do bheda haiM / unakI bhinna-bhinna saMsthitikAla va bhinna-bhinna antarakAla aura alpabahutva batAyA hai| sUkSma-bAdara SaTkAyika jIvoM kI sthiti, saMsthiti, antarakAla aura

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224 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA alpabahutva / nigoda do prakAra ke haiN| nigodAzraya do prakAra ke haiM, sUkSma aura bAdara / nigoda kI sthiti, saMsthiti, antarakAla aura alpabahutva Adi kA varNana hai / SaSThama jIva pratipatti chaThI saptavidha jIva pratipatti meM saMsArastha jIva sAta prakAra ke batAye haiM / una saMsArI jIvoM kI sthiti saMsthiti, antarakAla aura alpabahutva kA varNana hai / ve sAta jIva isa prakAra haiM-nairayika, tiryaMca, tiryaMcaNI, manuSya, mAnuSI, deva aura devI / saptama jIva pratipatti sAtavIM aSTavidha jIva pratipatti meM saMsArI jIva 8 prakAra ke batAye haiN| prathamasamaya nairayika, aprathamasamaya nairayika, prathamasamaya tiyaMca, manuSya aura deva, isI prakAra aprathamasamaya tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva kA varNana hai ina ATha prakAra ke saMsArI jIvoM kI sthiti saMsthitikAla, antarakAla aura alpabahutva para prakAza DAlA hai / aSTama jIva pratipatti AThavI navavadha jIva pratipatti meM saMsArI jIva ke nau prakAra batAye haiM- pRthvIkAyika apakAyika, teukAyika, vAukAyika vanaspatikAyika, beindriya, teindriya, caturindriya va paMcendriya / nau prakAra ke jIvoM kI sthiti, saMsthiti, antarakAla, alpabahutva Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| navama jIva pratipatti navIM dazavidha jIva pratipatti meM saMsArI jIvoM ke daza prakAra batAye haiM- prathamasamaya ekendriya se prathamasamaya paMcendriya taka ke pA~ca aura isI prakAra aprathamasamaya ekendriya se aprathamasamaya paMcendriya jIva taka ke pA~ca kula milAkara daza prakAra ke jIvoM kI sthiti, saMsthiti, antarakAla aura alpabahutva kA samyak nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra prastuta pratipatti meM jIvoM ke siddha, asiddha, sendriya, anidriya, jJAnI, ajJAnI, AhAraka, anAhAraka, bhASaka, abhASaka, samyagdRSTi. mithyAdRSTi, parita, aparita, paryAptaka, aparyAptaka, sUkSma, bAdara, saMjJI, asaMjJI, bhavasiddhika, abhavasiddhika bheda kahe haiM tathA yoga, veda, darzana, saMyata, asaMyata, kaSAya, jJAna, zarIra, kAya, lezyA, yoni, indriya Adi kI apekSA se varNana kiyA gayA hai /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 225 upasaMhAra isa prakAra prastuta Agama meM dvIpa aura sAgaroM kA vistAra se varNana hai / isameM 16 prakAra ke ratna, astra-zastroM ke nAma, dhAtuoM ke nAma, kalpavRkSa, vividha prakAra ke pAtra, vividha AbhUSaNa, bhavana, vastra, grAma, nagara, rAjA Adi ke nAma batAye haiN| tyohAra, utsava, naTa, yAna, Adi vividha prakAra ke nAma Adi bhI varNita haiN| isI taraha kalA, yuddha va roga Adi ke nAma batAye haiN| isameM udyAna, vApI, puSkariNI, kadalIghara, prasAdhanaghara Adi kA sarasa va sAhityika varNana hai| kalA kI dRSTi se sAMskRtika sAmagrI kA isameM prAcurya hai / isa prakAra prastuta Agama meM jIva aura ajIva kA abhigama haiM / samagra graMtha meM jIva nirUpaNa kA krama, jIva ke jo vividha bheda haiM unako pradhAna rUpa meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai arthAt pahale saMsArI jIvoM ke do bheda se lekara daza bhedoM kA varNana hai / isameM kramaza: jIva ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa aura una bhedoM meM una jIvoM kI sthiti, aMtara, alpabahutva Adi kA varNana hai / sAmAnya rUpa se aisA kaha sakate haiM ki samagra graMtha do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama vibhAga meM ajIva kA aura saMsArI jIvoM ke bhedoM kA tathA dUsare meM samagra jIvoM ke yAni saMsArI aura siddha ina donoM kA samAveza ho jAya isa prakAra bheda nirUpaNa hai / yaha aMgabAhya sUtra sthavirakRta hai /

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4. prajJApanAsUtra nAmakaraNa prajJApanA jaina Agama sAhitya kA caturtha upAMga hai| prastuta Agama ke racayitA zyAmAcArya ne isakA nAma 'adhyayana' diyA hai| jo sAmAnya nAma hai, aura vizeSa nAma 'prajJApanA' hai| ve kahate haiM---kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sarvabhAvoM kI prajJApanA kI hai usI prakAra maiM bhI karane vAlA haiM (karatA huuN)| ata: isakA vizeSa nAma prajJApanA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI bhAMti prastuta Agama kA nAma bhI 'prajJApanAdhyayana' yaha pUrNa nAma ho sakatA hai| prastuta Agama meM eka hI adhyayana hai jabaki uttarAdhyayana meM 36 adhyayana haiM / isa Agama ke pratyeka pada ke anta meM 'paNNavaNAe bhagavaIe' yaha pATha milatA hai| isalie yaha spaSTa hai ki aMga sAhitya meM jo sthAna bhagavatI (vyAkhyAprajJapti) kA hai vahI sthAna upAMga meM prajJApanA kA hai| prajJApanA kA artha prajJApanA kyA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM batAyA hai ki 'jIva-ajIva ke sambandha meM jo nirUpaNa hai vaha prajJApanA hai|' prastuta Agama meM jIva ajIva kA nirUpaNa hone se ise prajJApanA ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| bhagavatI', Avazyaka malayagirivRtti, AvazyakacUNi,5 mahAvIracariyaM' aura triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA chadmastha avasthA meM daza mahAsvapna dekhane kA ullekha hai| usameM tIsarA svapna unhoMne 1 'ajjhayaNamiNaM cittaM' -prajJApanA gA03 2 uvadaMsiyA bhagavayA paNNavaNA saba bhAvANaM ..."jaha vaNiyaM bhagavayA ahamavi taha vaNNaissAmi ----prazApanA gA02-3 bhagavatI 166 / 580 4 Avazyaka malayagiri pR0 270 5 AvazyakacaNi pu0 275 6 mahAvIracariyaM 5 / 155 7 triSaSTizalAkA 103 / 146

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 227 dekhA ki eka raMga-biraMgA paMskokila sAmane upasthita hai| usa svapna kA phala thA 've vividha jJAnamaya dvAdazAMga zruta kI prajJApanA kreNge|' isameM 'prajJApayati' aura 'prarUpayati' ina kriyAoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna kA upadeza prajJApanA-prarUpaNA hai| usa upadeza kA AdhAra lekara prastuta Agama kI racanA hone se prastuta Agama kA nAma prajJApanA rakhA ho aisA jJAta hotA hai| aMga sAhitya meM yatra-tatra 'bhagavAna ne yaha kahA' isa prakAra jahA~-jahA~ ullekha huA hai vahA~ para 'pannattaM' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| ata: zyAmAcArya ne prajJApanA zabda kA prAdhAnya hone se prastuta Agama kA nAma prajJApanA rakhA ho| bhagavatIsUtra meM Arya skandhaka ke prasaMga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne svayaM kahA 'evaM khalu mae khaMdhayA, caumbihe loe paNNatte / isI prakAra AcArAMga prabhRti meM bhI aneka sthaloM para isa prakAra ke prayoga hue haiM jo bhagavAna ke upadeza ke lie prajJApanA zabda kA prAdhAnya pragaTa karate haiN| TIkAkAra ke anusAra prastuta zabda ke prayoga meM jo 'pra' upasarga hai vaha mahAvIra ke upadeza kI vizeSatA ko sUcana karatA hai| jIva aura ajIva Adi tattvoM kA jo sUkSma vizleSaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kiyA hai utanA sUkSma varNana usa yuga ke anya kisI bhI dharmAcArya ke upadeza meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| prastuta Agama ke bhASApada meM 'paNNavaNI' eka bhASA kA prakAra batalAyA hai| usakI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya malayagiri likhate haiM, jisa prakAra se vastu vyavasthita ho usI prakAra usakA kathana jisa bhASA ke dvArA kiyA jAya vaha bhASA 'prajJApanI' hai| prajJApanA kA yaha sAmAnya artha hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jisameM koI dhArmika vidhi-niSedha kA prazna nahIM hai kintu sirpha vastu nirUpaNa jisase hotA ho vaha prajJApanI bhASA hai| bauddha pAli sAhitya meM 'paJcatI' nAmaka grantha hai jisameM vividha prakAra ke pudgala arthAt puruSa ke aneka prakAra ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai| usameM pati yAnI prajJapti aura prajJApanA donoM ke nAma kA tAtparya eka sahaza hai| 1 bhagavatI 201460 2 "prajJApanI-prajJApyate'rtho'nayeti prajJApanI" 3 yathAvasthitArthAbhidhAnAdiyaM prajJApanI // -prazApanA patra 249 ----prajJApanA patra 249

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228 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA prajJApanA kA AdhAra AcArya malayagiri ne prajJApanA ko samavAya kA upAMga likhA hai| kintu prastuta upAMga kA sambandha kaba se isa aMga ke sAtha huA isakA spaSTa nirNaya vijJa nahIM kara sake haiN| svayaM zyAmAcArya prajJApanA ko dRSTivAda meM se liyA aisA sUcita karate haiN| kintu hamAre sAmane dRSTivAda upalabdha nahIM hai| ata: spaSTa rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki pUrva Adi se kauna sI sAmagrI lI gaI tathApi jJAnapravAda, AtmapravAda aura karmapravAda ke sAtha isake vastu-padArtha kA mela baiThatA hai| prajJApanA aura digambara grantha SaTkhaMDAgama donoM kA viSaya prAyaH samAna hai| SakhaMDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM SaTakhaMDAgama kA sambandha agrAyaNIpUrva ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai| ata: prajJApanA kA bhI sambandha agrAyaNIpUrva ke sAtha jor3a sakate haiN| AcArya malayagiri ke abhimatAnusAra samavAyAMga meM kahe hae artha kA hI varNana prajJApanA meM hai jisase vaha samavAyAMga kA upAMga hai| kintu svayaM zAstrakAra ne isakA sambandha dRSTivAda se batAyA hai| ataH yahI ucita lagatA hai ki isakA sambandha samavAyAMga kI apekSA dRSTivAda se adhika hai| kintu dRSTivAda meM mukhya rUpa se dRSTi-darzana kA hI varNana thaa| samavAyAMga meM bhI mukhya rUpa se jIva, ajIva Adi tattvoM kA nirUpaNa hai aura isameM bhI vahI nirUpaNa hai, ata: samavAyoga kA upAMga mAnane meM bhI koI bAdhA nahIM hai| prajJApanA meM 36 viSayoM kA nirdeza hai, isalie isake 36 prakaraNa haiN| prakaraNa ko pada isa prakAra sAmAnya nAma diyA hai| pratyeka prakaraNa ke anta meM pratipAdya viSaya ke sAtha pada zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| AcArya malayagiri pada kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhate haiM 'padaM prakaraNamarthAdhikAra: iti 1 iyaM ca samavAyAkhyasya caturthAGgasyopAMgam taduktArthapratipAdanAt / -prajJApanA TIkA patra ajjhayaNamiNaM cittaM suyarayaNaM diTTivAyaNIsaMdaM / jaha vaNiyaM bhagavayA ahamavi taha vaNNaissAmi // gA03 / 3 paNNavaNAsutaM-prastAvanA muni puNyavijayajI, pR06. 4 SakhaMDAgama, pu. 1, prastAvanA, pR072|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 226 paryAyAH" ataH yahA~ pada kA artha prakaraNa aura arthAdhikAra samajhanA caahie| racanA-zailI saMpUrNa graMtha kI racanA praznottara ke rUpa meM huI hai| prAraMbha se sUtra 81 taka praznakartA yA uttaradAtA kauna hai isa saMbaMdha meM koI sUcanA nahIM hai, kevala prazna va uttara haiN| isake pazcAt 8veM sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gaNaghara gautama kA saMvAda hai / 83 se 62 sUtra taka sAmAnya praznottara haiM / 3veM gautama aura mahAvIra ke praznottara haiN| usake pazcAt 94veM se 147 sUtra taka sAmAnya praznottara haiM / tadanantara 145 se 211 (arthAt saMpUrNa dUsarA pada ) tIsare pada ke 225 se 275 taka aura 325, 330-333 va cauthe pada se lekara zeSa sabhI padoM ke sUtra meM gautama gaNadhara aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke praznottara diye haiN| sirpha unake prAraMbha, madhya yA aMta meM Ane vAlI gAthA aura 1086 meM ve praznottara nahIM haiM / jisa prakAra prAraMbha meM sampUrNa grantha kI adhikAra gAthAeM AyI haiM / usI prakAra kitane hI padoM ke prArambha meM bhI viSaya nirdezaka gAthAe~ racanA meM AI haiN| jaise 3, 18, 20, 23 padoM ke prAraMbha aura upasaMhAra meM / isI prakAra 10 pada ke anta meM, graMtha ke madhya meM aura jahA~ AvazyakatA huI vahIM bhI gAthAe~ dI gaI haiM / saMpUrNa Agama kA zloka pramANa 7887 hai / isameM prakSipta gAthAoM ko chor3akara 232 kula gAthAe~ haiM aura zeSa gadya hai / isa Agama meM jo saMgrahaNI gAthAeM haiM unake racayitA kauna haiM yaha kahanA kaThina hai| prajJApanA ke 36 padoM meM sarvaprathama pada meM jIva ke do bheda - saMsArI aura siddha batAye haiN| usake bAda indriyoM ke krama ke anusAra ekendriya se paMcendriya taka meM saba saMsArI jIvoM kA samAveza karake nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yahA~ jIva ke bhedoM kA niyAmaka tattva iMdriyoM kI kramazaH vRddhi batalAyA hai| sthAnabheda se vicAraNA kI gaI hai| isakA krama bhI dUsare pada meM jIvoM kI prathama pada kI bhA~ti 1 prajJApanATIkA, patra 6 2 sUtrasamUhaH prakaraNam -nyAyavArtika, pR0 1 3 paNNavaNAsutaM dvitIya bhAga (prakAzaka zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya) prastAvanA, pR0 10-11

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230 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA indriya pradhAna hI hai / jaise vahA~ ekendriya, vaise yahA~ pRthvIkAya Adi kAya zabda ko lekara bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tIsare pada se lekara bAkI ke padoM meM jIvoM kA vibhAjana gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, lezyA, samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, saMyata, upayoga, AhAra, bhASaka, parita, paryApta, sUkSma, saMjJI, bhava, astikAya, carima, jIva, kSetra, baMdha ina sabhI dRSTiyoM se jIvoM ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai aura unake alpabahutva kA vicAra kiyA hai / arthAt prajJApanA meM tRtIya pada ke bAda ke padoM meM kucha apavAda chor3akara sarvatra nAraka se lekara 24 daMDakoM meM vibhAjita jIvoM kI vicAraNA kI gaI hai| viSaya vibhAga AcArya malayagiri ne gAthA 2 kI vyAkhyA karate hue prajJApanA meM Aye hue viSaya vibhAga kA saMbaMdha jIvAjIvAdi sAta tattvoM ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha isa prakAra saMyojita kiyA hai 1-2 jIva - ajIva 3 Asrava 4 bandha 5-7 saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa pada 36 zeSa padoM meM kvacit kisI tatva kA nirUpaNa hai / jainadRSTi se sabhI tattvoM kA samAveza dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva meM kiyA gayA hai| ata: AcArya malayagiri ne dravya kA samAveza prathamapada meM, kSetra kA dvitIya pada meM, kAla kA caturtha pada meM aura bhAva kA zeSa padoM meM samAveza kiyA hai| pada 1, 3, 5, 10 aura 13 = 5 pada pada 16, 22 =2 pada pada 23 = 1 pada 1 pada prajJApanA kA bhagavatI vizeSaNa pA~caveM aMga kA nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti hai aura usakA vizeSaNa 'bhagavatI' hai| prajJApanA ko bhI 'bhagavatI' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| jabaki anya vizeSaNa kisI bhI Agama ke sAtha yaha vizeSaNa nahIM lagAyA gayA hai| yaha prajJApanA kI vizeSatA kA sUcaka hai| bhagavatI meM prajJApanAsUtra ke 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 15, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27 padoM meM viSaya kI pUrti karane kI sUcanA hai / vizeSatA yaha hai ki prajJApanA upAMga hone para bhI bhagavatI Adi kA L isa apavAda ke lie dekhie pada 13, 18, 21 /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 231 sUcana usameM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki prajJApanA meM jina viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai una viSayoM kA usameM sAMgopAMga varNana hai| mahAyAna bauddhoM meM prajJApAramitA ke sambandha meM likhe hue grantha kA atyadhika mahattva hone se aSTasAhasrikA prajJApAramitA grantha kA mAtra bhagavatI aisA ullekha hai| prajJApanA ke racayitA prajJApanA ke mUla meM kahIM para bhI usake racayitA ke nAma kA nirdeza nahIM hai| usake prAraMbha meM maMgala ke pazcAt do gAthAe~ haiN| usakI vyAkhyA AcArya haribhadra aura malayagiri donoM ne kI hai kintu ve una gAthAoM ko prakSipta mAnate haiN| una gAthAoM meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki yaha zyAmAcArya kI racanA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne zyAmAcArya ke lie 'bhagavAna' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai| Arya zyAma ye vAcaka vaMza ke the| ve pUrvazruta meM niSNAta the| unhoMne prajJApanA kI racanA meM viziSTa kalA pradarzita kI jisake kAraNa aMga aura upAMga meM una viSayoM kI carcA ke lie prajJApanA dekhane kA sUcana kiyA hai| nandI kI paTTAvalI meM sudharmA se lekara kramaza: AcArya paramparA ke nAma diye haiM, usameM 11vA~ nAma 'vaMdimo hAriyaM ya sAmajja' isameM Arya zyAma kA nAma AyA hai aura unheM hArita gotra kA batAyA gayA hai| kintu prajJApanA kI prAraMbhika prakSipta gAthA meM Arya zyAma ko vAcaka vaMza kA batAyA hai aura sAtha hI 23veM paTTa para bhI batAyA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne bhI unako 23veM AcArya paramparA para mAnA hai kintu sudharmA se lekara zyAmAcArya taka unhoMne nAma nahIM diye haiN| paTTAvaliyoM ke adhyayana se yaha parijJAta hotA hai ki kAlakAcArya nAma ke tIna AcArya the| eka kA vIra 1 zikSA samuccaya, pR0104-112, 202 2 (ka) bhagavAn AryazyAmo'pi itthameva sUtra racayati (TIkA, patra 72) (kha) bhagavAn AryazyAmaH paThati (TIkA, patra 47) (ga) sarveSAmapi prAvanikasUrINAM matAni bhagavAn AryazyAma upadiSTavAna (TIkA, patra 385) (gha) bhagavadAryazyAmapratipattI (TIkA, patra 385)

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232 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nirvANa 376 meM svargavAsa huA thaa| dvitIya gardabhilla ko naSTa karane vAle kAlakAcArya hue| unakA samaya vIra nirvANa 453 hai aura tRtIya kAlakAcArya jinhoMne saMvatsarI mahAparva paMcamI ke sthAna para caturthI ko manAyA thA, unakA samaya vI0ni0 663 hai| ina tIna kAlakAcAryoM meM prathama kAlakAcArya jinheM zyAmAcArya bhI kahate haiM unhoMne paTTAvaliyoM ke abhimatAnusAra prajJApanA kI racanA kii| kintu paTTAvaliyoM meM unako 23vAM sthAna paTTa-paraMparA meM nahIM diyA hai| antima kAlakAcArya prajJApanA ke kartA nahIM haiM kyoMki naMdI, jo vIra nirvANa 663 ke pahale racita hai usameM, prajJApanA ko Agama sUcI meM sthAna diyA gayA hai / ataH aba cintana karanA hai ki prathama aura dvitIya kAlakAcArya meM se kauna prajJApanA ke racayitA haiM ? DA0 umAkAnta kA abhimata hai ki yadi donoM kAlakAcAryoM ko eka mAnA jAya to 11vIM pATa para jisa zyAmAcArya kA ullekha hai ve aura gardabhilla rAjA ko naSTa karane vAle kAlakAcArya ye donoM eka siddha hote haiN| paTTAvalI meM jahAM unheM do ginA hai vahA~ bhI eka kI tithi vIra saM0376 varSa hai to dUsare kI tithi 453 hai| vaise dekheM to donoM meM 77 varSa kA antara hai isalie cAhe jisane prajJApanA racA ho prathama yA dUsare ne athavA donoM eka hoM to bhI vikrama se pUrva hone vAle kAlakAcArya (zyAmAcArya) kI racanA hai itanA to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai| paramparA kI dRSTi se nigoda kI vyAkhyA karane vAle kAlaka aura zyAma ye donoM eka hI AcArya haiM kyoMki ye donoM zabda ekArthaka haiN| paramparA kI dRSTi se vIra nirvANa 335 meM ve yugapradhAna hue aura 376 taka ve jIvita rahe / yadi prajJApanA unhIM kAlaka kI racanA hai to vIra nirvANa 335 se 376 ke madhya kI racanA hai| niyukti meM isase pUrva kI racanAe~ haiN| nandIsUtra meM jo AgamasUcI dI gaI hai usameM prajJApanA kA ullekha hai| nandI vikrama saMvat 523 se pUrva kI racanA hai ataH usake sAtha prajJApanA ke ukta samaya kA virodha nahIM hai| 1 (ka) AdyAH prajJApanAkRt indrasya agre nigodavicAravaktA zyAmAcAryAparanAmA / .. . sa tu vIrAt 376 varSetiH / -(kharataragacchIya padAvalI) (kha) dharmasAgarIya paTTAvalI ke anusAra-eka kAlaka jo bIra nirvANa 376 meM mRtyu ko prapta hue|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 233 prajJApanA meM sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai| usameM prathama arihaMta ko nahIM kintu siddha ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| phira bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA hai| prathama pada meM jainadarzana sammata maulika tattvoM kI vyavasthA bheda-prabheda batAkara kI gaI hai| usake pazcAt unhIM tattvoM kA vizada rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanA ko jIva aura ajIva ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama ajIva prajJApanA hai kyoMki isakA viSaya kama hai| usake pazcAt kucha apavAda ke atirikta jIva ke sambandha meM vividha rUpa se vicAra kiyA hai| ajIva meM rUpI aura arUpI ye do bheda haiN| rUpI meM pudgala dravya aura arUpI meM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura addhA samaya (kAla) Adi tattva haiN| ina bhedoM ke vizleSaNa meM dravya, tattva yA padArtha jaise sAmAnya nAma kA upayoga nahIM huA hai jo isa Agama kI prAcInatA ko siddha karatA hai| jo rUpI padArtha haiM ve varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza aura saMsthAna yukta hote haiM / isa prakAra varNa ke 100, gaMdha ke 46, rasa ke 100, sparza ke 184 aura saMsthAna ke 100 bheda hote haiN| kula milAkara rUpI ajIva - pudgala ke 530 bheda hote haiM / jIva ke saMsArI aura siddha ye do mukhya bheda haiN| siddhoM ke 15 bheda kiye gaye haiN| ve samaya, liMga, veza aura paristhiti Adi kI dRSTi se kiye gaye haiN| usake pazcAt saMsArI jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda batAye haiN| isa gaNanA kA mukhya AdhAra indriyA~ haiM / unake bheda-prabhedoM meM jIvoM kI sUkSmatA aura sthUlatA, paryApti aura aparyApta kAraNa haiM aura janma ke prakAra ko lekara ke bhI bheda hote haiN| ekendriya se caturindriya taka saMmUcchima, tiryaMca paMcendriya aura manuSya meM garbhaja aura saMmUcchima, nAraka aura devoM meM upapAta janma hai| nAraka aura saMmUcchima niyama se napuMsaka hI hote haiN| garbhaja meM tInoM liMga hote haiM / devoM meM puruSa aura strI do liMga hote haiN| isa prakAra liMga ke bheda se una una jIvoM ke bheda kie gae haiN| paMcendriya jIvoM meM jo bheda hai usakA mUla AdhAra cAra gati hai| sAtha hI garbhaja aura saMmUcchima yaha bhI bheda kA kAraNa hai| manuSya ke bhedoM meM dezabheda, saMskArabheda, vyavasthAbheda, jJAnAdi zaktibheda, Adi haiN| nAraka aura devoM kA bheda sthAnabheda se hai /

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234 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA isameM asaMsArasamApanna, anaMtarasiddha isake pazcAt siddha ke 15 bheda, paramparasiddha ke aprathamasamaya siddha, Adi 5 bheda, saMsArasamApana ke paryAptaaparyApta ke rUpa meM bheda kiye gaye haiN| tadanantara pRthvIkAya ke bheda haiM aura pA~ca sthAvara, tIna vikalendriya aura nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devoM ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| nivAsasthAna prathama pada meM jIvoM ke siddha aura saMsArI ke rUpa meM vividha bhedoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai / to isa dvitIya pada meM una jIvoM ke nivAsa sthAna ke sambandha meM cintana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| nivAsasthAna ke do prakAra batAye haiM--(1) jIva jahA~ para janma lekara maraNaparyaMta rahatA hai vaha 'svasthAna' nivAsasthAna hai aura (2) prAsaMgika nivaassthaan| yaha upapAta aura samudghAta ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hai| jahA~ se jIva Ayu pUrNa kara anya sthAna para janma lene ke lie jAtA hai usa samaya mArga meM jina pradezoM kI yAtrA kI hai vaha sthAna upapAta hai| prAsaMgika hone para bhI anivArya hai| ata: upapAta ko prAsaMgika nivAsasthAna kahA hai| tIsarA samudghAta sthAna hai| isameM jIva ke pradezoM kA vistAra hotA hai| samudghAta ke sambandha meM prastuta Agama ke 363 pada meM vistAra se carcA hai| isalie samudghAta kI apekSA se bhI nivAsasthAna kA cintana kiyA gayA hai| prathama pada meM jIvoM ke bhedoM kA varNana karate hae jaisA ekendriya ke sAmAnya bhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vaisA isa sthAnapada meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai kintu paMcendriya jaise sAmAnya bhedoM kA varNana huA hai| jIvoM ke mukhya-mukhya rUpa se bheda-prabhedoM ke sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai / lekina jIva ke nivAsasthAna kA vicAra kyoM Avazyaka mAnA gayA? usakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki janadarzana meM AtmA ko zarIra pramANa mAnA hai, vyApaka nhiiN| isalie cuMki saMsAra meM janma ke samaya usakI aneka gati hotI hai aura vaha niyatasthAna meM hI zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| ata: kaunasA jIva kahA~ para hai isako jAnane ke lie sthAna kA vivecana Avazyaka hai| sAtha hI isa vivecana se jainadharma kI Atma-pariNAma ke sambandha kI mAnyatA bhI pRSTa hotI hai| anya darzanoM meM AtmA ko sarvavyApaka mAnA hai ata: ve jIvoM ke nivAsasthAna kA vicAra kevala zarIra kI dRSTi se hI karate haiN| jIva to unakI dRSTi se loka meM sadaiva sarvatra vyApta hai isalie unhoMne jIva ke

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 235 sthAna kA vicAra nahIM kiyaa| jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda ke sambandha meM jo sthAna vicAra kiyA hai vaha tIna sthAnoM kA hai kintu siddha ke sambandha meM to kevala sva-sthAna kA hI vicAra hai; kyoMki siddhoM meM 'upapAta' nahIM hai| siddhoM meM upapAta isalie nahIM hai ki anya saMsArI jIvoM kI bhAMti unameM nAma-gotra karma kA udaya nahIM hai ata: ve nAma dhAraNa karake navIna janma lene ke lie gati nahIM karate / ve to apane hI svarUpa ko prApta karate haiM aura vahI siddhi hai| saMsArI jIva anya sthAna para janma lete samaya jo gati karate haiM vaha gati AkAza-pradezoM ko sparza karake hotI hai ata: ve AkAza pradeza unake sthAna haiN| kintu mukta jIvoM meM jo gati hai vaha AkAza pradezoM ko sparza karake nahIM hotI ataH usa gati ko aspRzadgati kahA gayA hai|' samudghAta sthAna bhI siddha jIvoM meM nahIM hai kyoMki samudghAta sakarma jIvoM meM hI hotA hai, karmarahita jIvoM meM nhiiN| sAmAnyarUpa se yaha kaha sakate haiM ki ekendriya jIva samagra loka meM prApta hote haiN| isakA rahasya yaha hai ki tInoM lokoM meM nivAsasthAna' kI apekSA se sampUrNa ekendriya jAti kA vivecana hai| beindriya, teindriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya kA nivAsa samagraloka meM nahIM hai kintu loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM hai aura siddha lokAna para haiN| use bhI loka kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga kahanA caahie| manuSya meM, kevalI samudghAta kI dRSTi se, nivAsasthAna samagra loka meM kahA gayA hai| prazna hai ki ajIva ke sthAna ke sambandha meM vicAra kyoM nahIM kiyA? aisA jJAta hotA hai ki jIvoM ke prabhedoM meM amUka nizcita sthAna kI kalpanA kara sakate haiM, vaise pudgala ke sambandha meM nhiiN| paramANu va skandha samagra lokAkAza meM haiM kintu unakA sthAna nizcita nahIM hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya ye donoM samagra lokavyApI haiM aura AkAza lokAlokavyApI hai, ataH unakI carcA yahA~ nahIM kI gaI hai| tIsare pada meM jIva aura ajIva tattvoM kA saMkhyA kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya aura tatpazcAt bhI tatvoM kA saMkhyA-vicAra mahattvapUrNa viSaya rahA hai| eka ora upaniSadoM ke mata se 1 (ka) bhagavatI sAra, pR. 313 (kha) upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne aspRzadgatinAma prakaraNa kI racanA kI hai|

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236 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sampUrNa vizva eka hI tattva kA pariNAma hai to dUsarI ora sAMkhya ke mata se jIva aneka kintu ajIva eka hai| bauddhoM kI mAnyatA aneka citta aura aneka rUpa kI hai| isa dRSTi se jainamata kA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka thaa| vaha yahA~ para kiyA gayA hai| anya darzanoM meM sirpha saMkhyA kA nirUpaNa hai jabaki prastuta pada meM saMkhyA kA vicAra aneka dRSTiyoM se kiyA gayA hai| mukhya rUpa se tAratamya kA nirUpaNa arthAt kauna kisase kama yA adhika hai isakI vicAraNA isa pada meM kI gaI hai| prathama dizA kI apekSA se kisa dizA meM jIva adhika aura kisa dizA meM kama, isI taraha jIvoM ke bhedaprabheda kI nyUnAdhikatA kA bhI dizA kI apekSA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra gati, indriya, kAya, yoga Adi se jIvoM ke jo-jo prakAra hote haiM unameM saMkhyA kA vicAra karake anta meM samagra jIvoM ke jo vividha prakAra hote haiM una samagra jIvoM kI nyUnAdhika saMkhyA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isameM kevala jIvoM kA hI nahIM kintu dharmAstikAya Adi SaT dravyoM kI bhI paraspara saMkhyA kA tAratamya nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vaha tAratamya dravyadRSTi aura pradezaSTi se batAyA gayA hai| prArambha meM dizA ko mukhya karake saMkhyA-vicAra hai aura bAda meM Urdhva, adho aura tiryaka loka kI dRSTi se samagra jIvoM ke bhedoM kA saMkhyAgata vicAra hai| jIvoM kI taraha pudgaloM kI saMkhyA kA alpabahutva bhI una-una dizAoM meM va una-una lokoM meM batAyA hai| isake sivAya dravya, pradeza aura dravyapradeza donoM dRSTiyoM se bhI paramANu aura saMkhyA kA vicAra hai| usake bAda pudgaloM kI avagAhanA, kAlasthiti aura unakI paryAyoM kI dRSTi se bhI saMkhyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ..isa pada meM jIvoM kA aneka prakAra se vargIkaraNa karake alpa-bahutva kA vicAra kiyA hai / isakI saMkhyA kI sUcI para se yaha phalita hotA hai ki usa kAla meM bhI AcAryoM ne jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA tAratamya (alpabahutva) batAne kA isa prakAra jo prayatna kiyA hai vaha prazasta hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki puruSoM se striyoM kI saMkhyA-cAhe manuSya ho, deva ho, yA tithaMca hoadhika mAnI gaI hai| adholoka meM nArakoM meM prathama se sAtavIM naraka meM jIvoM kA krama ghaTatA gayA hai arthAt sabase nIce ke sAtaveM naraka meM sabase kama nAraka jIva haiN| isase viparIta krama urdhvaloka ke devoM meM hai| usameM sabase nIce ke devoM meM sabase adhika jIva haiM yAni saudharma meM sabase adhika

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 237 aura anuttara vimAnoM meM sabase kama haiN| parantu manuSyaloka ke (tiryak loka meM) nIce bhavanavAsI deva haiN| unakI saMkhyA saudharma se adhika hai aura unase Upara hone para bhI vyantara devoM kI saMkhyA adhika aura unase bhI adhika jyotiSka haiM jo vyantaroM se bhI Upara haiN| sabase kama saMkhyA manuSyoM kI hai isalie yaha bhava durlabha mAnA jAya yaha svAbhAvika hai| indriyA~ jitanI kama utanI jIvoM kI saMkhyA adhika athavA aisA kaha sakate haiM ki vikasita jIvoM kI apekSA se avikasita jIvoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| anAdikAla se Aja taka jinhoMne pUrNatA prApta kara lI hai aise siddha jIvoM kI saMkhyA bhI ekendriya jIvoM kI apekSA se kama hI hai| saMsArI jIvoM kI saMkhyA siddhoM se adhika hI rahatI hai| isalie yaha loka saMsArI jIvoM se kabhI zUnya nahIM hogA kyoMki prastuta pada meM jo saMkhyAe~ dI haiM unameM kabhI parivartana nahIM hogA, ye dhruvasaMkhyAeM haiN| sAtaveM naraka meM anya narakoM kI apekSA sabase kama nAraka jIva haiM to sabase Upara devaloka-anuttara meM bhI anya devalokoM kI apekSA sabase kama jIva haiM / isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jaise atyanta puNyazAlI honA duSkara hai vaise hI atyanta pApI honA bhI duSkara hai| jIvoM kA jo kramika vikAsa mAnA gayA hai usake anusAra to nikRSTa koTi ke jIva ekendriya haiN| ekendriya meM se hI Age bar3hakara jIva kramaza: vikAsa ko prApta hote haiN| ekendriyoM aura siddhoM kI saMkhyA ananta kI gaNanA meM pahu~catI hai| abhavya bhI ananta haiM aura siddhoM kI apekSA samagra rUpa se saMsArI jIvoM kI saMkhyA bhI adhika hai| aura yaha bilakula saMgata hai kyoMki bhaviSya meManAgata kAla meM-saMsArI jIvoM meM se hI siddha hone vAle haiN| isalie ve kama hoM to saMsAra khAlI ho jAyagA-aisA mAnanA pdd'egaa| ' ekendriya se paMcendriya taka krama se jIvoM kI saMkhyA ghaTatI jAtI hai| yaha krama aparyApta jIvoM meM to barAbara banA rahatA hai kintu paryApta avasthA meM vyutkrama mAlUma par3atA hai| aisA kyoM huA hai yaha vijJoM ke lie vicAraNIya aura saMzodhana kA viSaya hai| cauthe pada meM nAnA prakAra ke jIvoM kI sthiti arthAt AyuSya kA vicAra haA hai| jIvoM kI una-una nArakAdi rUpa meM sthiti-avasthAna

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238 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kitane samaya taka hotA hai usakI vicAraNA isameM hone se isa pada kA nAma 'sthiti' pada diyA hai| isameM jIvoM kI jo vividha paryAyeM hotI haiM unakI Ayu kA sthiti kA-vivecana hai| jIva dravya to nitya hai parantu vaha jo aneka prakAra ke rUpa-nAnAvidha janma dhAraNa karatA hai ve anitya haiN| isalie paryAyeM kabhI to naSTa hotI hI haiM / ataeva unakI sthiti kA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai jo prastuta pada meM kiyA gayA hai / jaghanya Ayu kitanI aura utkRSTa Ayu kitanIisa taraha do prakAra se usakA vicAra kevala saMsArI jIvoM aura unake bhedoM ko lekara kiyA hai kyoMki siddha to 'sAdIyA apajjavasitA' hone se unakI Ayu kA vicAra aprApta hone se nahIM kiyA hai| ajIva dravya kI paryAyoM kI sthiti kA vicAra bhI isameM nahIM hai| kyoMki unakI paryAya jIva kI Ayu kI taraha maryAdita kAla meM rakhI nahIM jA sakatI hai, isalie use chor3a diyA gayA ho yaha svAbhAvika hai| prastuta pada meM prathama jIvoM ke sAmAnya bhedoM ko lekara unakI Ayu kA nirdeza hai| bAda meM usake aparyApta aura paryApta bhedoM kA nirdeza hai| udAharaNArtha pahale to sAmAnya nAraka kI Ayu aura usake pazcAt nAraka ke aparyApta aura usake bAda paryApta kI Ayu kA varNana hai| isI krama se pratyeka nAraka Adi ko lekara sarva prakAra ke jIvoM ke AyuSya kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sthiti kI jo sUcI hai usake avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki purupa se strI kI Ayu kama hai / nAraka aura devoM kA AyuSya manuSya aura tiryaMca se adhika hai| ekendriya jIvoM meM agnikAya kA AyuSya sabase nyUna hai| yaha pratyakSa meM bhI anubhava meM AtA hai kyoMki agni apekSatayA zIghra bujha jAtI hai| ekendriyoM meM pRthvIkAya kA AyuSya sabase adhika hai| dvIndriya se teindriya jIvoM kA AyuSya kama mAnane kA kyA kAraNa hai yaha vicAraNIya hai| phira caturindriya kA AyuSya teindriya se adhika hai parantu dvIndriya se kama hai yaha bhI eka rahasya hai aura saMzodhana kA viSaya hai| __ prastuta pada meM ajIva kI sthiti kA vicAra nahIM hai| usakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki dharma, adharma aura AkAza to nitya haiM aura pudgaloM kI sthiti bhI eka samaya se lekara asaMkhyAta samaya kI hai jisakA varNana

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aMgaar Agama sAhitya 236 pA~caveM pada meM hai isalie alaga se isakA nirdeza Avazyaka nahIM thaa| phira, prastuta pada meM to AyukarmakRta sthiti kA vicAra hai aura vaha ajIva meM aprastuta hai / pA~caveM pada kA nAma vizeSa pada hai| vizeSa zabda ke do artha haiM(1) prakAra ( 2 ) paryAya / prathama pada meM jIva aura ajIva ina do dravyoM ke prakAra -- bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai to isameM ina dravyoM kI ananta paryAyoM kA varNana hai / vahA~ yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka dravya kI ananta paryAyeM haiM to samagra kI bhI ananta hI hoNgii| aura dravya kI paryAyeM - pariNAma hote haiM to vaha dravya kUTasthanitya nahIM ho sakatA kintu use pariNAmI nitya mAnanA pdd'egaa| isa sUcana se yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki vastu kA svarUpa dravya aura paryAya rUpa hai| isa pada kA 'visesa' nAma diyA hai parantu isa zabda kA upayoga sUtra meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| samagra pada meM paryAya zabda hI prayukta huA hai| jainazAstroM meM isa paryAya zabda kA vizeSa mahattva hai isalie paryAya yA vizeSa meM koI bheda nahIM hai| prakAra yA bheda aura avasthA yA pariNAma ina do arthoM prayukta huA hai| jaina AgamoM meM paryAya zabda pracalita thA parantu vaizeSikadarzana meM vizeSa zabda kA prayoga hone se usa zabda kA prayoga paryAya artha meM aura vastu ke dravya ke bheda artha meM bhI ho sakatA hai - yaha batAne ke lie AcArya ne isa prakaraNa kA 'visesa' nAma diyA ho aisA jJAta hotA hai / yahA~ paryAya zabda meM prastuta pada meM jIva aura ajIva dravyoM ke bheda aura paryAyoM kA nirUpaNa hai| bhedoM kA nirUpaNa to prathama pada meM thA parantu pratyeka bheda meM ananta paryAyeM haiN| isa tathya kA sUcana karanA isa pA~caveM pada kI vizeSatA hai| isameM 24 daMDaka aura 25veM siddha isa prakAra unakI saMkhyA aura paryAyoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / jIva dravya ke nArakAdi bhedoM kI paryAyoM kA vicAra aneka prakAra se--aneka dRSTiyoM se kiyA gayA hai| isameM jainasammata anekAnta dRSTi kA prayoga huA hai| jIva ke nArakAdi ke jina bhedoM kI paryAyoM kA nirUpaNa hai usameM dravyArthatA, pradezArthatA, avagAhanArthatA, sthiti, kRSNAdi varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, jJAna aura darzana ina daza dRSTiyoM se vicAraNA kI gaI hai / 1 pannavaNAsUtra - prastAvanA puNyavijayajI mahArAja, pR0 60

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240 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vicAraNA kA krama isa prakAra haiM--prazna kiyA gayA ki nAraka jIvoM kI kitanI paryAyeM haiM ? uttara meM kahA ki nAraka jIvoM kI ananta paryAyeM haiN| isameM saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta ke bheda bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM kI apekSA se haiM / dravya dRSTi se nAraka saMkhyAta hai, pradeza dRSTi se asaMkhyAta pradeza hone se asaMkhyAta haiM aura varNa, gaMdhAdi va jJAna darzana Adi dRSTiyoM se unakI paryAya ananta haiN| isa prakAra sabhI daMDakoM aura siddhoM kI paryAyoM kA spaSTa nirUpaNa isa pada meM kiyA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne prastuta daza dRSTiyoM ko saMkSepa meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina cAra dRSTiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| dravyArthatA aura pradezArthatA ko dravya meM, avagAhanA ko kSetra meM, sthiti ko kAla meM aura varNAdi va jJAnAdi ko bhAva meM samAviSTa kiyA hai|' dravya kI dRSTi se vanaspati ke atirikta zeSa 23 daMDaka ke jIva asaMkhya haiM aura vanaspati ke ananta / paryAya kI dRSTi se sabhI 24 daMDaka ke jIva ananta haiN| siddha dravya kI dRSTi se ananta haiN| prathama pada meM ajIva ke jo bheda kiye haiM ve prastuta pada meM bhI haiN| antara yaha hai ki vahA~ prajJApanA ke nAma se haiM aura yahA~ paryAya ke nAma se / pudgala ke yahA~ para paramANu aura skandha ye do bheda kiye haiN| skandhadeza aura skandhapradeza ko skandha ke antargata hI le liyA hai| rUpI ajIva kI paryAyeM ananta haiN| unakA dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva kI dRSTi se isameM vicAra kiyA hai| paramANu, dvipradezI skandha yAvat dazapradezI skandha aura saMkhyAta pradezI, asaMkhyAta pradezI aura anantapradezI skandhoM kI paryAyeM ananta haiN| sthiti kI apekSA paramANu aura skandha donoM eka samaya kI, do samaya kI sthiti se lekara yAvat asaMkhyAtakAla kI sthiti vAle hote haiM / svataMtra paramANa anaMtakAla kI sthiti vAlA nahIM hotA parantu skandha anantakAla kI sthiti vAlA ho sakatA hai| eka paramANu anya paramANu se sthiti kI dRSTi se hIna, tulya yA adhika hotA hai| avagAhanA kI dRSTi se dvi-pradezI se lekara yAvat ananta pradezI skandha AkAza ke eka pradeza se lekara asaMkhyAta pradeza taka kA kSetra roka sakate haiM parantu ananta pradeza nahIM, kyoMki pudgala dravya lokAkAza meM hI hai aura lokAkAza ke pradeza asaMkhyAta hI haiN| 1 prajJAphnATIkA, patra 181 a0

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 241 alokAkAza ananta hai para vahA~ pudgala yA anya kisI dravya kI avasthiti nahIM hai| paramANuvAdI nyAya-vaizeSika paramANu ko nitya mAnate haiM aura usake pariNAma-paryAya nahIM mAnate jabaki jaina paramANu ko bhI pariNAmInitya mAnate haiM / paramANu svataMtra hone para bhI usake pariNAma hote haiM, yaha prastuta pada se spaSTa hotA hai| paramANu skandharUpa meM aura skandha paramANurUpa meM pariNata hote haiM aisI prakriyA janAbhimata hai| chaThA vyutkrAMti pada hai| isameM jIvoM kI gati aura Agati para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| cAroM gatiyoM meM jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa bAraha mUharta upapAta-virahakAla aura udvartanA-virahakAla hai| una gatiyoM ke prabhedoM para cintana karate haiM to upapAta-virahakAla aura udvartanA-virahakAla prathama naraka meM jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa caubIsa muhUrta kA hai| siddha gati meM upapAta hai, udvartanA nahIM hai| AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai ki agale anya sUtroM meM eka bhI naraka kA upapAta-virahakAla 12 muhUrta nahIM hai; 24 muhUrta aura usase adhika hai to phira 12 muharta kA virahakAla kisa rUpa meM ghaTita ho sakatA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM unhoMne spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki sAtoM narakoM ko eka sAtha rakhakara vicAra kareM to 12 muhUrta ke bAda koI na koI jIva naraka meM utpanna hotA hI hai| isI prakAra anya gatiyoM meM bhI jAnanA caahie|' pA~ca sthAvaroM meM nirantara upapAta aura udvartanA hai| isameM sAntara vikalpa nahIM hai| isake pazcAt eka samaya meM naraka se lekara siddha taka kitane jIvoM kA upapAta aura udvartanA hai, isa para cintana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI nArakAdi ke bheda-prabhedoM meM jIva kisa-kisa bhava se Akara paidA hotA hai aura marakara kahA~-kahAM jAtA hai, usake pazcAt para-bhava kA AyuSya jIva kaba bAMdhatA hai isakI carcA hai / jIva ne jisa prakAra kA AyuSya bA~dhA hai usI prakAra kA navIna bhava dhAraNa karatA hai| Ayu ke sopakrama aura nirupakrama ye do bheda haiN| isameM devoM aura nArakoM meM to nirupakrama Ayu hai kyoMki Akasmika mRtyu nahIM hotI aura Ayu ke chaha mAsa zeSa rahane para ve navIna AgAmI bhava kA AyuSya bA~dhate haiN| ekendriya se lekara caturindriya taka ke jIvoM meM donoM prakAra kI Ayu hai| nirupakrama ho to AyuSya kA tIsarA 1 prajJApanATIkA patra 205

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242 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bhAga zeSa rahane para para-bhava kA AyuSya bAMdhate haiM aura sopakrama ho to tribhAga kA bhI vibhAga karate-karate eka AvalI mAtra Ayu zeSa rahane para para-bhava kA AyuSya bAMdhate haiN| paMcendriya tiryaMca aura manuSya meM asaMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAlA ho to niyama se Ayu ke chaha mAha zeSa rahane para aura saMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle yadi nirupakrama Ayu vAle hoM to Ayu kA tIsarA bhAga zeSa rahane para AyuSya bA~dhate haiN| jo sopakrama Aya vAle hoM to ekendriya ke samAna jAnanA cAhiye / AyuSya baMdha ke chaha prakAra haiM / jAtinAma niddhata Ayu, gatinAma, sthitinAma, avagAhanAnAma, pradezanAma aura anubhAvanAnAma niddhata Ayu kA nirUpaNa hai| ina sabhI meM Ayukarma kA prAdhAnya hai aura usake udaya hone se tatsambandhI una-una jAti Adi karma kA udaya hotA hai| sAtaveM pada meM siddha ke atirikta jitane bhI saMsArI jIva haiM unake zvAsocchavAsa ke kAla kI carcA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai ki jitanA du:kha adhika utane zvAsocchvAsa adhika hote haiM aura atyanta duHkhI ko to nirantara zvAsocchvAsa kI prakriyA cAlU rahatI hai| jyoMjyoM adhika sukha hotA hai tyoM-tyoM zvAsocchvAsa lambe samaya ke bAda liye jAte haiM yaha anubhava kI bAta hai| zvAsocchavAsa kI kriyA bhI duHkha hai| devoM meM jinakI jitanI adhika sthiti hai utane hI pakSa ke pazcAt unakI zvAsocchvAsa kI kriyA hotI hai, ityAdi kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| AThaveM saMjJApada meM jIvoM kI saMjJA ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA hai| saMjJA daza prakAra kI hai-AhAra, bhaya, maithUna, parigraha, kodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, loka aura ogha / ina saMjJAoM kA 24 daNDakoM kI apekSA se vicAra kiyA hai aura saMjJA-sampanna jIvoM ke alpabahatva kA bhI vicAra kiyA hai / naraka meM bhayasaMjJA kA, tiryaMca meM AhArasaMjJA kA, manuSya meM maithunasaMjJA kA aura devoM meM parigrahasaMjJA kA bAhulya hai| 1 atiduHkhitA hi nairayikAH duHkhitAnAM ca nirantaraM ucchvAsa-niHzvAsau, tathA loke darzanAt -prajJApamATokA patra 220 2 sukhitAnAM ca yathottaraM mahAnucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa kriyA virahakAlaH / prajJApanATIkA patra 221 3 yathA yathA''yuSaH sAgaropamavRddhistathA tathocchvAsa-niHzvAsakriyA virahapramANa sthApi pkssvRddhiH|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 243 naveM pada kA nAma yonipada hai| eka bhava meM se Ayu pUrNa hone para jIva apane sAtha kArmaNa aura tejasa zarIra lekara gamana karatA hai| janma lene ke sthAna meM naye janma ke yogya audArika Adi zarIra ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai| usa sthAna ko yoni athavA utpatti sthAna kahate haiM / prastuta pada meM yoni kA aneka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| zIta, uSNa, zItoSNa, sacitta, acitta, mizra, saMvRta, vivRta aura saMvatavivRta isa prakAra jIvoM ke 9 prakAra kI yoni-sthAna arthAt utpattisthAna haiN| ina sabhI kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai|| dasaveM pada meM dravyoM ke carama aura acarama kA vivecana hai / jagata kI racanA meM koI carama anta meM hotA hai to koI acarama anta meM nahIM kintu madhya meM hotA hai| prastuta pada meM vibhinna dravyoM ke loka-aloka Azrita carama aura acarama ke sambandha meM vicAraNA kI gaI hai| carama-acarama yaha anya kisI kI apekSA se hI ho sakate haiN| prastuta pada meM chaha prakAra ke prazna pUche gaye haiM--(1) carama hai, (2) acarama hai, (3) carama haiM (bahuvacana), (4) acarama haiM, (5) caramAnta pradeza haiM, (6) acaramAnta pradeza haiN| ina chaha vikalpoM ko lekara 24 daMDakoM ke jIvoM kA gatyAdi dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha, gati kI apekSA se carama use kahate haiM ki jo aba anya kisI gati meM na jAkara manuSya gati meM se sIdhA mokSa meM jAne vAlA hai| kintu manuSya gati meM se sabhI mokSa meM jAne vAle nahIM haiM, isalie jinake bhava zeSa haiM ve sabhI jIva gati kI apekSA se acarama haiN| isI prakAra sthiti Adi se bhI carama-acarama kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhASApada ___ gyArahavA~ bhASApada hai| isa pada meM bhASA sambandhI vicAraNA karate hue batAyA hai ki bhASA kisa prakAra utpanna hotI hai, kahA~ para rahatI hai, usakI AkRti kisa prakAra kI hai, usakA svarUpa, bheda-prabheda aura bolane vAlA vyakti ityAdi aneka mahattvapUrNa praznoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| jo bolI jAya vaha bhASA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jo dUsaroM ke avabodha-samajhane meM kAraNa ho vaha bhASA hai| bhASA kA Adi kAraNa to jIva hai aura upAdAna 1 bhASyate iti bhASA 2 bhASAvabodhabIjabhUtA -prajJApanATIkA pR0 246 -prajJApanATIkA pR0 256

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244 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kAraNa pudgala hai| jIva sthitipariNata bhASA ke pudgaloM ko kAyayoga se grahaNa kara bhASA rUpa meM pariNata karatA hai| ye bhASA ke pudgala jaba bhASA ke rUpa meM bAhara nikalate haiM taba sampUrNa loka meM vyApta ho jAte haiN| loka bajrAkAra hone se bhASA kA AkAra bhI zAstrakAra ne bacAkAra batalAyA hai| bhASA kA paryavasAna lokAnta meM hotA hai ata: bhASA ke pudgala samagra loka meM phailakara usako bhara dete haiN| loka ke Age bhASA ke pudagala nahIM jAte kyoMki gamana-kriyA meM sahAyabhUta dharmAstikAya loka meM hI hai| jo bhASA ke pudgala grahaNa kiye ve bhASA ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara bAhara nikalate haiM / usakA kAla parimANa do samaya kA hai| jIva prathama samaya meM unheM grahaNa karatA hai aura dvitIya samaya meM bAhara nikAlatA hai| Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM batAyA gayA hai ki kAyayoga se bhASA pudgaloM kA grahaNa hotA hai aura vAkyoga se usakA nirgamana hotA hai| pudgala paramANu se lekara anantapradezIskandha rUpa hote haiN| jo skandha anantapradezI haiM unhIM kA grahaNa bhASA ke lie upayogI hotA hai / kSetra kI dRSTi se asaMkhyAta pradezoM meM sthita skandha, kAla kI dRSTi se eka samaya se lekara asaMkhyAta samaya kI sthiti vAle hote haiN| rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza kI dRSTi se bhASA ke pudgala eka samAna nahIM hote parantu sabhI rUpAdi pariNAma vAle to hote hI haiM / sparza kI dRSTi se cAra sparza vAle pudgaloM kA hI grahaNa hotA hai / AtmA ke sAtha sparza kiye hue pudgaloM kA hI grahaNa hotA hai| AtmA AkAza ke jitane pradezoM ko avagAhana kara rahatA hai utane hI pradezoM meM rahe hue bhASA ke pudagaloM ko vaha grahaNa karatA hai| prastuta pada meM bhASA ke bhedoM kA aneka dRSTiyoM se varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhASA ke do bheda haiM-paryApta aura aparyApta / paryApta ke satyabhASA aura maSAbhASA ye do bheda haiN| satyabhASA ke janapadasatya, sammatasatya Adi 10 bheda haiM aura mRSA-asatyabhASA ke krodhanizrita, mAnanizrita Adi 10 bheda haiN| aparyApta bhASA ke satyAmRSA aura asatyAmRSA do bheda haiN| jisameM arddhasatya abhipreta hai vaha satyAmaSA hai, usake 10 bheda haiM aura jisameM satya yA mithyA 1 Avazyakaniyukti gA07 2 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA0 353

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 245 kA sambandha na ho vaha asatyAmaSA hai, usake 12 bheda haiN| anya dRSTi se liMga, saMkhyA, kAla, vacana Adi kI daSTi se bhASA ke 16 prakAra batAye haiN| bArahaveM pada meM jIvoM ke zarIra ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| zarIra ke audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, tejasa aura kArmaNa ye pAMca bheda kiye haiN| upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke pAMca koSa kI carcA hai| usameM kevala annamaya koSa ke sAtha hI audArika zarIra kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| isake pazcAt sAMkhya Adi darzanoM meM avyakta, sUkSma aura liMga zarIra mAnA gayA hai| usakI tulanA kArmaNa zarIra ke sAtha ho sakatI hai| 24 daMDakoM meM se kinameM kitane zarIra haiM, isa para cintana kara batalAyA gayA hai ki audArika se vaikriya aura vaikriya se AhAraka Adi zarIroM ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA adhika hone para bhI ve adhikAdhika sUkSma haiN| terahaveM pariNAmapada meM pariNAma ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue jIva aura ajIva donoM padArthoM ke pariNAma batAye haiN| pahale jIva ke bhedaprabheda batAkara 24 daMDakoM meM gati, kaSAya Adi daSTi se unake pariNAmoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| phira ajIva ke pariNAmoM ke bheda-prabheda batAye haiN| yahA~ pariNAma kA artha paryAya athavA bhAvoM kA pariNamana kiyA hai| caudahavAM kaSAyapada hai| isameM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha-ye cAroM kaSAya 24 daMDakoM meM batAye haiN| kSetra, vastu, zarIra aura upadhi ko lekara sampUrNa saMsArI jIvoM meM kaSAya kI utpatti hotI hai| kaSAya ke anaMtAnubaMdhI, apratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAna aura saMjvalana ye cAra bheda batAye haiN| sAtha hI Abhoganirvatita aura anAbhoganirvatita, upazAMta aura anupazAMta isa prakAra ke bheda bhI kiye haiN| Abhoganirvatita kaSAya kAraNa upasthita hone para hotA hai aura binA kAraNa jo kaSAya hotA hai vaha anAbhoganirvatita hai| karmabaMdhana kA kAraNa mukhya rUpa se kaSAya hai| tInoM kAloM meM AThoM karma prakRtiyoM ke cayana ke sthAna aura prakAra, 24 daMDaka ke jIvoM meM kaSAya 1 bhagavatI, 17-1 sU0 592 2 taittirIya upaniSad, bhRguvallI, belavalakara aura rAnADe -~-History of Indian Philosophy, p. 250. sAMkhyakArikA 36.40 belavalakara aura rAnADe, History of Indian Philosophy, p. 358,430&370. mAlavaNiyA-"gaNadharavAda", prastAvanA, pR0 121-123 /

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246 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ko hI mAnA gayA hai| sAtha hI upacayana, baMdha, udIraNA, vedanA aura nirjarA meM cAroM kaSAya hI mukhya rUpa se kAraNa batAye gaye haiN| pandrahavAM indriyapada hai| yahA~ indriyoM ke sambandha meM do uddezakoM meM cintana kiyA hai| pahale uddezaka meM 24 dvAra haiM aura dUsare meM 12 dvAra haiN| indriyA~ pAMca haiM-zrotrendriya, cakSurindriya, ghrANendriya, jivhendriya aura sparzendriya / inakI carcA 24 daMDakoM meM kI gaI hai| jIvoM meM indriyoM ke dvArA avagrahaNa-pariccheda, avAya, IhA aura avagraha--artha aura vyaMjana donoM prakAra se, 24 daMDakoM meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| cAra indriyoM kA vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai, cakSu kA nhiiN| arthAvagraha chaha prakAra kA hai, kyoMki vaha pA~ca indriya aura chaThaveM noindriya-mana se bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra indriyoM ke dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya do bheda kiye haiN| indriyopacaya, indriyanivartita, indriyalabdhi Adi dvAroM se dravyendriya aura bhAvendriya kI 24 daMDakoM ke sAtha vicAraNA kI gaI hai| solahavA~ prayoga pada hai| mana, vacana aura kAya ke dvArA AtmA ke vyApAra ko 'yoga' kahA gayA hai tathA usI yoga kA varNana prastuta pada meM prayoga zabda se kiyA gayA hai| yaha Atma-vyApAra isI kAraNa kahA jAtA hai ki AtmA ke abhAva meM tInoM kI kriyA nahIM ho sktii| jainadRSTi se tInoM pudagalamaya haiM aura pudgala kI jo svAbhAvika gati hai vaha AtmA ke binA bhI usameM ho sakatI hai kintu jaba pudgala mana, vacana, kAya ke rUpa meM pariNata hue hoM taba AtmA ke sahayoga se jo viziSTa prakAra kA vyApAra hotA hai vaha apariNata meM asaMbhava hai| pudgala kA mana Adi meM pariNamana honA, vaha bhI AtmA ke karmAdhIna hI hai| isIlie unake vyApAra ko AtmavyApAra kahA jAtA hai| usa vyApAra arthAt prayoga ke 15 bhedoM kA nirdeza karake sAmAnya jIva meM aura vizeSa rUpa se 24 daMDaka meM prayoga kI yojanA karake batalAI hai| isa AyojanA meM amuka prayoga ho taba usake sAtha anya kitane prayoga ho sakate haiM, isakA bhI vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| satrahavAM lezyApada hai| isameM lezyA kA varNana karane vAle chaha uddezaka 1 prayogaH parispandakriyA, AtmavyApAra ityarthaH -prajJApanATokA patra 317 AtmapravRtta karmAdAnanibandhanavIryotpAdo yogH| athavA AtmapradezAnAM saMkoca vikoco yogaH / " -dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0140

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 247 haiN| prathama uddezaka meM nAraka Adi 24 daMDakoM ke sambandha meM AhAra, zarIra, zvAsocchavAsa, karma, varNa, lezyA, vedanA, kriyA, Ayu Adi kA varNana hai| salezI jIvoM kI apekSA nArakAdi 24 daMDakoM meM ukta, sama, visama kA vivecana hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM lezyA ke chaha bheda batAkara narakAdi cAra gati ke jIvoM meM kitanI-kitanI lezyAeM hotI haiM, usakA nirUpaNa hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM janma aura mRtyukAla kI lezyA sambandhI carcA hai aura una lezyA vAle jIvoM ke avadhijJAna kI maryAdA aura kitanA jJAna hotA hai isa sambandha meM prakAza DAlA hai| caturtha uddezaka meM eka lezyA kA dUsarI lekhyA meM pariNamana hone para usake varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza kI carcA hai| pAMcaveM uddezaka meM eka lezyA kA dUsarI lezyA meM deva nAraka kI apekSA se pariNamana nahIM hotA yaha batAyA hai| chaThe uddezaka meM manuSya sambandhI lezyA kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| lezyA kA artha TIkAkAra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai ki kaSAya anuraMjita yoga pravRtti ko lezyA kahate haiN| yaha paribhASA chadmastha sambandhI hai / zukla lezyA terahaveM guNasthAnavartI kevalI ko bhI hai ataH vahA~ yoga kI pravRtti hI leNyA hai| kaSAya to kevala usameM tIvratA Adi kA saMniveza karatI hai| jIva ko lezyA kI prApti ke bAda antarmaharta bIta jAne para aura antamaharta zeSa rahane para jIva paraloka meM janma letA hai| kyoMki mRtyukAla meM AgAmI bhava kI aura utpattikAla meM atIta bhava kI lezyA kA antarmuhUrta kAla taka honA Avazyaka hai| jIva jisa lezyA meM maratA hai agale bhava meM usI lezyA meM janma letA hai| aThArahaveM pada kA nAma kAyasthiti hai| isameM jIva aura ajIva donoM apanI-apanI paryAya meM kitane kAla taka rahate haiM isa para cintana kiyA hai| caturtha sthitipada aura isa pada meM antara yaha hai ki sthitipada meM to 24 daMDakoM meM jIvoM kI bhavasthiti arthAt eka bhava kI apekSA se AyuSya kA vicAra hai jabaki isa pada meM eka jIva marakara satata usI bhava meM janma letA rahe to aise saba bhavoM kI paramparA kI kAla-maryAdA athavA una sabhI bhavoM ke AyuSya kA kula jor3a kitanA hogA, isakA vicAra kAyasthiti pada meM kiyA 1 AvazyakacUrNi meM jinadAsa mahattara ne kahA hai "leNyAbhirAtmani karmANi saMzliSyante / yogapariNAmo lezyA / jamhA ayogi kevalI alesso|" 2 "jallesAI dabvAiM AyaittA kAlaM karei, tallesesu uvvjji|"

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248 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA gayA hai| sthiti pada meM to sirpha Ayu kA hI vicAra hai jabaki prastuta pada meM dharmAstikAya Adi ajIva dravya jo ki 'kArya' rUpa meM jAne jAte haiM, unakA usa-usa rUpa meM rahane ke kAla kA ( sthiti kA ) bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isameM jIva, gati, indriya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, lezyA, samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, saMyata, upayoga, AhAra, bhASaka, parita, paryApta, sUkSma, saMjJI, bhavasi - fas, astikAya aura carima kI apekSA se kAyasthiti kA varNana hai / vanaspati kI kAyasthiti 'asaMkhejjA poggalapariyaTTA' batAI hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki koI bhI vanaspati kA jIva anAdikAla se vanaspati rUpa meM nahIM raha sakatA / usane vanaspati ke atirikta anya koI bhava kiyA honA cAhiye, isa bhrAMti ke nirasana ke lie vanaspati ke vyavahArarAzi aura avyavahArarAzi ye do bhava batAye haiM tathA nigoda ke jIvoM ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| mAtA marudevI kA jIva anAdikAla se vanaspati meM thA, isakA ullekha pramANa rUpa meM TIkA meM diyA hai / " unnIsavA~ 'samyaktva' pada hai| isameM jIvoM ke 24 daMDakoM meM samyagdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi aura mizradRSTi ke sambandha meM vicAra karate hue batAyA hai ki samya mithyAdRSTi kevala paMcendriya hotA hai aura ekendriya midhyAdRSTi hI hotA hai / dvIndriya se lekara caturindriya taka samya mithyAdRSTi nahIM hote haiM / SaTkhaMDAgama meM asaMjJI paMcendriya ko midhyAdRSTi hI kahA hai / samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi dvIndriya se paMcendriya taka hote haiM / bIsaveM pada kA nAma 'antakriyA' hai| bhava kA anta karane vAlI kriyA 'antakriyA' kahalAtI hai / yaha kriyA do artha meM vyavahRta huI hai-navIna bhava athavA mokSa / dUsare zabdoM meM mokSa aura maraNa ina donoM arthoM meM antakriyA zabda kA prayoga huA hai / isa antakriyA kA vicAra jIvoM ke narakAdi 24 daMDakoM meM kiyA gayA hai| isa pada meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sirpha manuSya hI antakriyA yAni mokSa prApta kara sakate haiN| isakA varNana chaha dvAroM se vizada rUpa se kiyA hai| dUsarI paryAya meM antakriyA kA artha maraNa se haiM / anantarAgata yA paraMparAgata se nArakAdi jIva aMtakriyA kara sakate haiM, isakA nirUpaNa vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| 1 prajJApanATIkA patra 376 aura patra 385 /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 246 ikkIsava 'avagAhanA saMsthAna' pada hai| isa pada meM jIvoM ke zarIra ke bheda, saMsthAna AkRti pramANa zarIra kA mApa, zarIra nirmANa ke lie pudgaloM kA cayana, jIva meM eka sAtha kauna-kauna se zarIra hote haiM, zarIroM ke dravya aura pradezoM kA alpabahutva aura avagAhanA kA alpabahutva ina sAta dvAroM se zarIra ke sambandha meM vicAraNA kI gaI hai| gati Adi aneka dvAroM se ' meM jIvoM kI vicAraNA huI hai para unameM zarIra dvAra nahIM hai / yahA~ para prathama vidhi dvAra meM zarIra ke pA~ca bhedoM-audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, tejasa aura kArmaNa kA varNana karake audArikAdi zarIroM ke bhedoM kI carcA vistAra se kI hai| bAIsa kriyApada hai| prAcIna yuga meM sukRta, duSkRta, puNya, pApa, kuzala, akuzala karma ke lie 'kriyA' zabda vyavahRta hotA thA aura kriyA karane vAloM ke lie kriyAvAdI zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / Agama va pAli piTakoM meM prastuta artha meM kriyA kA prayoga aneka sthaloM para huA gaI hai| karma arthAt hai / prastuta pada meM kriyA-karma kI vicAraNA kI vAsanA yA saMskAra, jinake kAraNa punarjanma hotA hai / jaba hama AtmA ke janma-janmAntara kI kalpanA karate haiM taba usake kAraNarUpa karma kI vicA raNA anivArya ho jAtI hai| mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya kriyAvAda zabda karma ko mAnane vAloM ke lie pracalita thA isalie kriyAvAda aura karmavAda donoM zabda eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI ho gaye the / kAlakrama se kriyAvAda zabda ke sthAna para karmavAda hI pracalita ho gayA / isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki karma-vicAra kI sUkSmatA jyoM-jyoM bar3hatI gaI tyoM-tyoM vaha kriyA- vicAra se dUra bhI hotA gayA / yaha kriyA vicAra karma- vicAra kI pUrva bhUmikA rUpa meM hamAre samakSa upasthita hai| prajJApanA meM kriyApada, sUtrakRtAMga meM kriyAsthAna aura bhagavatI meM aneka prasaMgoM meM kriyA aura kriyAvAda kI carcA kI gaI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya kriyAcarcA kA kitanA mahattva thA / prastuta pada meM kriyA ke pAMca bheda - ahiMsA aura hiMsA ke vicAra ko lakSya meM rakhakara kiye haiM / dUsare prakAra se 18 pApasthAnakoM ko lekara kriyA kI vicAraNA kI gaI hai / jIvoM meM kauna sakriya aura kauna akriya hai, isakA viveka bhI kiyA gayA hai| nArakAdi 24 daNDakoM ke jIvoM meM prANAtipAta Adi kriyA 18 pApasthAnakoM ke kAraNa karma kI kitanI prakRtiyoM kA bandha hotA hai, usakI carcA - vicAraNA kI gaI hai|

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250 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kAyikI, AdhikaraNikI, prAdveSikI, pAritApanikI aura prANAtipAta ye pA~ca kriyAe~ haiN| inakA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| 23 se 27 taka ke karmaprakRti, karmabaMdha, karmabaMdhaveda, karmavedabaMdha aura karmavedavedaka ina pAMca padoM meM karma sambandhI vistAra se carcA-vicAraNA kI gaI hai| prastuta padoM meM karma prakRti ke mUla ATha bheda-jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura aMtarAya kA aura unake uttarabhedoM (uttaraprakRtiyoM) kA vistAra se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| karma kI AThoM prakRtiyA~ nairayikAdi jIvoM ke 24 daMDakoM meM hotI haiN| jIva kisa prakAra AThoM prakRtiyoM kA baMdha karate haiM, isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue batalAyA hai ki jJAnAvaraNIya kA udaya hotA hai taba darzanAvaraNIya kA Agamana hotA hai| darzanAvaraNIya ke udaya se darzanamoha kA aura darzanamoha ke udaya se mithyAtva kA aura mithyAtva kA udaya hone para AThoM karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai| sabhI jIvoM ke sambandha meM AThoM karmoM ke Agamana kA yahI krama hai| jIvoM ke jo jJAnAvaraNAdi karma kA baMdha hotA hai, usake do kAraNa haiM-rAga aura dveSa / rAga meM mAyA aura lobha kA tathA dveSa meM krodha aura mAna kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| karmoM ke vedana-anubhava ke sambandha meM batalAte hue kahA hai ki vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra ye cAra karma to 24 daMDaka meM jIva vedate hI haiM parantu jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAra karmoM ko jIva vedate bhI haiM aura nahIM bhI vedte| yahA~ para 'vedanA' ke lie 'anubhAva' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prastuta padoM meM karma ke baddha, spRSTa, saMcaya aura karmoM ke anubhAva kA gati, sthiti, bhava, pudgala Adi kI dRSTi se vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| aTThAIsaveM pada kA nAma AhArapada hai| isameM jIvoM kI AhAra sambandhI vicAraNA do uddezakoM ke dvArA kI gaI hai| prathama uddezaka meM 11 dvAroM se aura dUsare uddezaka meM 13 dvAroM se AhAra sambandhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 24 daMDakoM meM jIvoM kA AhAra sacitta hotA hai athavA acitta yA mitha ? isa prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA hai ki vaikriya zarIradhArI jIvoM kA AhAra acitta hI hotA hai| parantu audArika zarIradhArI jIva tInoM prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| nArakAdi 24 daMDakoM meM sAta dvAroM se AhAra sambandhI vicAraNA kI gaI hai| jIva AhArArthI hote haiM

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 251 yA nahIM? kitane samaya ke bAda AhArArthI hote haiM ? AhAra meM kyA lete haiM ? sabhI dizAoM meM se grahaNa karake samagna kA pariNamana karate haiM ? grahIta pudgaloM kA sarvabhAva se AhAra karate haiM yA kucha aMza kA? grahIta sabhI pudgaloM kA AhAra karate haiM ? ___ jIva jo AhAra lete haiM vaha Abhoganirvatita-svayaM kI icchA hone para AhAra lenA aura anAbhoganirvatita-binA icchA ke AhAra lenA isa taraha do prakAra kA hai| icchA hone para AhAra lene meM jIvoM kI bhinna-bhinna kAlasthiti hai| parantu binA icchA liyA jAne vAlA AhAra to nirantara liyA jAtA hai| varNa, rasAdi sampanna ananta pradezIskandha vAlA aura asaMkhyAta pradezI kSetra meM avagAr3ha aura AtmapradezoM se spRSTa aise pudgala hI AhAra ke lie upayogI hote haiN| prastuta pada ke dUsare uddezaka ke 13 dvAroM ke mAdhyama se jIvoM ke AhAraka aura anAhAraka ina do vikalpoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isI taraha loma AhAra, prakSepa AhAra aura oja AhAra kina-kina jIvoM ke hotA hai, isakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 26.30 aura 33 vA 'upayoga, pazyattA aura avadhi' pada hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM jIvoM ke bodhavyApAra athavA jJAnavyApAra ke sambandha meM ina tIna padoM meM carcA-vicAraNA kI gaI hai| isalie yahA~ tInoM ko eka sAtha liyA gayA hai| ___ AtmA vijJAtA hai| usameM kisI prakAra ke rasa, rUpa Adi nahIM haiN| vaha arUpI hone para bhI sat hai| AtmA arUpI, lokapramANa, pradezoM vAlA, nitya hai aura usakA guNa upayoga hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ananta AtmAe~ haiN| 'upayoga' yaha AtmA kA lakSaNa yA guNa hai| yadyapi upayoga meM avadhi kA samAveza hone para isakA alaga pada dene kA kAraNa yaha hai ki usa kAla meM avadhi kA vizeSa vicAra huA thaa| prastuta pada meM upayoga ke aura pazyattA ke do-do bheda kiye haiM-sAkAropayoga (jJAna) aura anAkAropayoga (darzana) sAkArapazyattA aura anaakaarpshyttaa| AcArya abhayadeva ne pazyattA ko upayoga-vizeSa hI kahA hai| adhika spaSTIkaraNa karate hue batAyA hai ki jisa bodha meM kevala traikAlika avabodha hotA ho vaha pazyattA hai parantu jisa bodha meM vartamAnakAlika bodha hotA hai

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252 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vaha upayoga hai| upayoga aura pazyattA ina donoM kI prarUpaNA jIvoM ke 24 daMDakoM meM nirdiSTa kI gaI hai| avadhi pada meM bheda, viSaya, saMsthAna, bAhyaAbhyaMtara avadhi, dezAvadhi, kSaya-vRddhi, pratipAti-apratipAtI ina sAta muddoM se avadhijJAna ke sambandha meM vistRta carcA-vicAraNA kI gaI hai| indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hone vAle rUpI padArthoM kA jJAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| isake do bheda haiM-eka to janma se prApta hone vAlA aupapAtika, jo deva aura nArakI ke hotA hai| dUsarA karma ke kSayopazama se hone vAlA, jo saMjJI manuSya aura saMjJI tithaMca paMcendriya ko hotA hai| vaha kSAyopazamika kahalAtA hai| ikattIsaveM saMjJIpada meM siddha sahita sampUrNa jIvoM ko saMjJI, asaMjJI aura nosaMjJI-noasaMjJI ina tIna bhedoM meM vibhakta karake vicAra kiyA gayA hai| siddha na to saMjJI haiM aura na asaMjJI isalie unakI saMjJA nosaMjJInoasaMjJI dI gaI hai| manuSya meM bhI jo kevalI haiM ve bhI siddha samAna, isI saMjJA vAle haiN| kyoMki mana hone para bhI ve usake vyApAra se jJAna prApta nahIM karate / anya manuSya saMjJI aura asaMjJI donoM prakAra ke haiN| ekendriya se caturindriya taka ke jIva asaMjJI haiN| nAraka, bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara aura paMcendriya tiryaMca saMjJI aura asaMjJI donoM prakAra ke haiN| jyotiSka aura vaimAnika sirpha saMjJI hI hai| saMjJA zabda ke TIkAkAra ne do artha kiye haiM--(1) matijJAna vizeSa, jisakA eka prakAra jAtismaraNa hai, jisa jJAna meM smaraNa-pUrva anubhava kA smaraNa Avazyaka ho aisA jJAna saMjJA hai| (2) saMjJA meM saMjJI-asaMjJI arthAt mana vAle aura binA mana vAle aisA bhI artha bRhatkalpa, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya Adi meM huA hai| 'samyagjAnAti iti saMjJam -manaH, tadasyAstIti sNjnyii| naikendriyAdinA'tiprasaMga: tasya manaso'bhAvAt / athavA zikSAkriyopadezAlApagrAhI saMjJI' isa prakAra dhavalA meM bhI saMjJI zabda kI do prakAra kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| saMjJA zabda kA vAstavika kauna sA artha abhipreta hai yaha khoja kA viSaya hai| battIsaveM pada kA nAma 'saMyata' hai| isameM saMyata, asaMyata, saMyatAsaMyata aura nosaMyatanoasaMyata nosaMyatAsaMyata--isa prakAra saMyama ke cAra bhedoM ko lekara samasta jIvoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| nAraka, ekendriya se lekara

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 253 caturindriya jIvoM taka, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika ye asaMyata hote haiN| paMcendriya tiryaMca asaMyata aura saMyatAsaMyata hote haiN| manuSya meM prathama ke 3 prakAra hote haiM aura siddhoM meM saMyama kA cauthA prakAra nosaMyatanoasaMyatanosaMyatAsaMyata hai| saMyama ke AdhAra se jIvoM ke vicAra karane kI paddhati mahattvapUrNa hai| cauMtIsaveM pada kA nAma 'pravicAraNA' pada hai| prastuta pada meM 'paviyAraNa' (pravicAraNa) zabda kA jo prayoga haA hai usakA mUla 'pravIcAra' zabda meM hai| prastuta pada ke prArambha meM jahA~ dvAra kA nirUpaNa hai vahA~ pariyAraNA aura mUla meM pariyAraNayA aisA pATha hai| krIr3A, rati, indriyoM ke kAmabhoga aura maithuna ke lie saMskRta meM pravIcAra athavA pravicAraNA aura prAkRta meM pariyAraNA athavA paviyAraNA zabda kA prayoga huA hai| paricAraNA kaba, kisako aura kisa prakAra kI sambhava hai, isa viSaya kI carcA prastuta pada meM 24 daMDakoM ke AdhAra se kI gaI hai| nArakoM ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki ve upapAta kSetra meM Akara turanta hI AhAra ke pudgala grahaNa karanA prArambha kara dete haiN| usase unake zarIra kI niSpatti hotI hai aura pudgala aMgopAMga, indriyAdi rUpa se pariNata hone ke bAda ve paricAraNA zurU karate haiM arthAt zabdAdi sabhI viSayoM kA upabhoga karanA zurU karate haiN| paricAraNA ke bAda vikurvaNA-aneka prakAra ke rUpa dhAraNa karane kI prakriyA karate haiN| devoM meM isa krama meM yaha antara hai ki unakI vikUrvaNA karane ke bAda paricAraNA hotI hai| ekendriya jIvoM meM paricAraNA nAraka kI taraha hai kintu unameM vikurvaNA nahIM hai sirpha vAyukAya meM vikurvaNA hai| dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya meM ekendriya kI taraha, paMcendriya tiryaMca aura manuSya meM nAraka kI taraha paricAraNA hai| prastuta pada meM jIvoM ke AhAra grahaNa ke do bheda Abhoganivartita aura anAbhoganirvatita-batAkara bhI carcA kI gaI hai| ekendriya ke atirikta sabhI jIva Abhoganirvartita aura anAbhoganirvatita AhAra lete haiM parantu ekendriya meM sirpha anAbhoganirvatita hI hai| jIva apanI icchA se apane upayogapUrvaka AhAra lete haiM vaha Abhoganirvatita hai aura icchA na 1 (ka) kAyapravIcAro nAma maithunaviSayopasevanam (kha) pravIcAro maithunopasevanam -tattvArthabhASya 4-8 ---sarvArtha siddhi 4-7

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254 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hote hue bhI jo lomAhAra Adi AhAra kA satata grahaNa hotA rahatA hai| vaha anAbhoga nirvartita hai / adhyavasAyoM kI carcA bhI prastuta pada meM kI gaI hai / paiMtIsava pada vedanApada hai / 24 daMDakoM meM jIvoM ko aneka prakAra kI vedanA kA jo anubhava hotA hai usakI vicAraNA isa pada meM kI gaI hai / vedanA ke aneka prakAra batAye haiM jaise ki ( 1 ) zIta, uSNa, zItoSNa (2) dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ( 3 ) zArIrika, mAnasika aura ubhaya ( 4 ) sAtA, asAtA, sAtAsAtA (5) du:khA, sukhA, aduHkhA - asukhA ( 6 ) AbhyupagamakI, aupakramikI (7) nidA, anidA Adi / saMjJI kI vedanA nidA hai aura asaMjJI kI vedanA ko anidA kahA hai| chattIsaveM pada kA nAma samudghAtapada hai| prastuta pada meM sAta prakAra samudghAtoM kA aneka prakAra se daMDakoM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| yahA~ para vedanA, kaSAya, maraNa, vaikriya, taijasa, AhAraka aura kevalI ye samudghAta ke sAta prakAra batAye haiN| samudghAta kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya malayagiri kahate haiM ki una una vedanA Adi ke anubhava rUpa pariNAmoM ke sAtha AtmA kA aikyabhAva arthAt taditara pariNAmoM meM se virata hokara vedanIya Adi ke 'bahuta se pradezoM ko udIraNA dvArA udaya meM lAkara aura bhoga karake unakI nirjarA karanA - yaha samudghAta hai / prastuta pada meM kisa karma se kaunasA samudghAta hotA hai usakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| samaya kI maryAdA ko lekara batAyA hai ki kevalI samudghAta ATha samaya kA hotA hai| zeSa dUsare asaMkhyAta samaya vAle aMtarmuhUrta kAla ke hote haiN| jIvoM meM kitane hote haiM isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue prathama cAra, bhavanapati, paMcendriya tiryaMca, vANavyaMtara, nika meM prathama pA~ca, vAyu ke sivAya ekendriya se caturindriya meM prathama ke tIna, vAyu meM prathama ke cAra aura manuSyoM meM sAtoM samudghAta hote haiN| upasaMhAra sAta meM se kina kahA hai-nAraka meM jyotiSka aura vaimA isa prakAra patravaNA meM sAhitya, dharma, darzana, itihAsa aura bhUgola ke aneka mahattvapUrNa tathyoM kA cintana hai| isameM AlaMkArika prayoga kama hone para bhI jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se huA hai| karma Arya, zilpaArya, bhASAArya, Adi aneka tathya isameM ujAgara hue haiN| 0

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5. jambUdvIpaprajJapti nAmakaraNa jambUdvIpaprajJapti ko kahIM pA~cavA~ upAMga likhA hai to kahIM chaThavA~ upAMga bhI likhA hai| isa upAMga meM eka adhyayana hai aura sAta bakSaskAra haiN| upalabdha mUlapATha kA zloka pramANa 4146 hai| 178 gadyasUtra haiM aura 52 padyasUtra haiN| prathama vakSaskAra (pariccheda) meM bharatakSetra kA varNana hai| sarvaprathama namaskAra mahAmantra hai| mithilAnagarI meM jitazatru rAjA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma dhAriNI thaa| usa nagarI ke maNibhadra nAmaka caitya meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zubhAgamana huaa| usa samaya indrabhUti gautama ne jambUdvIpa ke sambandha meM jijJAsA prastuta kii| uttara meM mahAvIra ne kahA-jambUdvIpa meM avasthita padmavaravedikA eka vanakhaNDa se ghirI huI hai| vanakhaNDa ke madhya meM aneka puSkaraNiyA~, vApikAe~, maMDapa, gRha aura pRthvIzilApaTTaka haiN| vahA~ para aneka vyantara, deva aura deviyA~ kamanIya krIr3A karate haiN| jambUdvIpa ke vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta aura aparAjita nAma ke cAra dvAra haiN| jambUdvIpa meM himavAna parvata ke dakSiNa meM bharatakSetra hai| bharatakSetra meM sthANu, kaNTaka, viSama va durgama sthAna, parvata, prapAta, jharane, garta, guphAe~, nadiyA~, tAlAba, vRkSa, guccha, gulma, latAe~, valliyA~, aTaviyA~, zvApada, tRNa Adi haiN| isameM aneka taskara, pAkhaNDI, kRpaNa aura vanIpaka Adi haiN| yaha vibhAga anArya kSetra kA hai jahA~ para tIrthaMkara, cakravartI Adi ilAghanIya puruSa janma nahIM lete haiN| jisa vibhAga meM tIrthaMkara Adi zlAghanIya puruSoM kA janma Adi hotA hai vahAM para acche aura bure donoM prakAra ke loga hote haiN| bharatakSetra pUrva-pazcima meM phailA huA, uttara-dakSiNa meM vistRta, uttara meM paryaka-palaMga ke samAna aura dakSiNa meM dhanuSya ke pRSTha bhAga samAna, tIna ora se lavaNa samudra se ghirA huA hai| gaMgA, sindhu aura vaitADhyaparvata ke kAraNa bharatakSetra ke chaha vibhAga ho gaye haiN| isakA vistAra 526. yojana hai| vaitADhyaparvata ke donoM ora do padmavaravedikAeM haiM jo banakhaNDoM se yukta

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256 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA haiN| prastuta parvata ke pUrva aura pazcima meM do guphAeM haiM jinheM tamisragrahA aura khaNDapavAyaguhA (guphA) kahate haiN| inameM do deva nivAsa karate haiN| vaitADhyaparvata ke donoM ora vidyAdhara zreNiyA~ haiM jahA~ para vidyAdhara rahate haiN| Abhiyoga zreNiyoM meM aneka devI-devatAoM kA nivAsa hai| vaitADhya parvata para eka siddhAyatana hai| isameM Age calakara dakSiNArdha bharatakUTa kA varNana hai| uttarArdha bharata evaM RSabhakUTa kA bhI varNana hai| dvitIya vakSaskAra meM kAla (samaya) kA nirUpaNa hai| kAla ke avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI ye do bheda kiye gaye haiM / avasarpiNI ke suSamAsuSamA, suSamA, suSamAduSamA, duSamAsuSamA, duSamA aura duSamAduSamA ye chaha bheda (Are) haiM aura utsarpiNI ke isake viparIta chaha bheda (Are) haiN| kAla kA sUkSmAtisUkSma bheda se lekara palyopama-sAgaropama taka kA varNana kiyA hai| vaha isa prakAra haisamaya kAla kA sUkSmatama aMza jaghanyayukta asaMkhyAta samaya 1 AvalikA 4446344 AvalikA 1 prANa saMkhyAta Avali 1 ucchvAsa 1ni:zvAsa 1 ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa 1 prANa 7prANa 1 stoka 7 stoka 1 lava 38. lava 1 ghar3I 2 ghar3I (77 lava) 1 muhUrta (=48 miniTa), 30 muhUrta 1 ahorAtra 30 ahorAtra 1 mAsa 12 mAsa 84 lAkha varSa 1 pUrvAga " pUrvAMga 1 truTitAMga truTitAMga 1 truTita 1 varSa 1 pUrva " pUrva 1 isa prakAra 1 muhUrta (48 miniTa) meM 77X46 =3773 ucchvAsa hote haiN|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 257 isI prakAra aDaDAMga, aDaDa, avavAMga, avava, hUhUkAMga, hUhUka, utpalAMga, utpala se lekara zIrSapahelikAMga aura zIrSapahelikA taka uttarottara caurAsI lAkha guNita jAnanA caahiye| ye sabhI saMkhyAe~ milakara 194 aMka taka haiM aura vaha saMkhyAta gaNanA ke antargata AtI haiN| palyopama aura sAgaropama Adi kAlamApa asaMkhyAta kAla gaNanA ke antargata haiM / ina sabase Upara anta-vihIna jo rAzi hai vaha ananta kahalAtI hai / cAra koTAkoTi sAgaropama kA suSamAsuSamA nAmaka prathama ArA hai / usa samaya meM daza prakAra ke kalpavRkSa batAye gaye haiM-mattAMga, bhRtAMga, truTitAMga, dIpazikhA, jyotiSika, citrAMga, citrarasa, maNiaMga, hAgAra aura aNigaNa / ina kalpavRkSoM se icchita padArthoM kI prApti hotI hai| isa samaya ke puruSoM aura striyoM kA, unake AhAra aura nivAsasthAna kA evaM unakI bhavasthiti kA varNana hai / usake pazcAt suSamA nAmaka dUsare Are kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura usake bAda suSamAduSamA nAmaka tIsare Are kA varNana hai| isa Are meM sumati, pratizruti, sImaMkara, sImaMdhara, kSemaMkara, kSemaMdhara, vimalavAhana, cakSuSmAna, yazasvI, abhicandra, candrAbha, prasenajit, marudeva, nAbhi aura vRSabha nAma ke 15 kulakara batAye haiM / unameM se eka se pAMca taka ke kulakaroM ne 'hA kAra' daMDanIti kA pracalana kiyA, chaha se daza taka ke kulakaroM ne 'ma kAra' nIti kA pracAra kiyA aura 11 se 15 taka ke kulakaroM ne 'dhik kAra' nIti kA upayoga kiyA / nAbhi kulakara kI marudevI bhAryA ke garbha se RSabhadeva kA janma huA / ve kauzala ke nivAsI the| ve prathama rAjA, prathama jina, prathama kevalI, prathama tIrthaMkara aura prathama dharmacakravartI the| unhoMne apane putra bharata Adi ko 72 aura brAhmI, sundarI putriyoM ko 64 kalAoM aura aneka zilpoM kA upadeza diyA / anta meM apane putroM ko rAjya dekara sarvasva kA tyAga kara kezoM kA luMcana kara eka devadUSya vastra ko dhAraNa kara zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| RSabhadeva eka varSa taka vastradhArI rhe| tatpazcAt usakA bhI tyAgakara, aneka upasargoM ko samabhAva se jItakara, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti kA samyak pAlana kara, zAntabhAva se sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa, mAna-apamAna va sampattivipatti meM samabhAvapUrvaka vicaraNa karane lage /

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA eka bAra ve vihAra karate hue purimatAla nagara ke zakaTamukha udyAna meM Aye aura vahIM nyagrodha ( vaTa) vRkSa ke nIce dhyAnastha ho gaye / unheM kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana kI upalabdhi huI / bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne pA~ca mahAvrata aura SaT jIvanikAya kA upadeza diyaa| catuvidha saMgha kI saMsthApanA kii| unake mukhya gaNadhara RSabhasena the| unake zramaNa zramaNiyoM kA pUrA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| bhagavAna RSabha ke saMhanana, saMsthAna, U~cAI, kumArakAla, rAjyakAla, anagAra pravrajyAkAla, chadmastha jIvana, kevalI jIvana Adi kA varNana hai / anta meM aSTApada ( kailAza parvata para zramaNoM ke sAtha mukta hue / duSamAsuSamA nAmaka cauthe Are meM 23 tIrthaMkara, 11 cakravartI, 6 baladeva, vAsudeva utpanna hue| duSamA nAmaka pA~caveM Are meM jaghanya antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa zatAyu se adhika umra vAle loga hoNge| isa Are ke anta meM cAritradharma, rASTradharma Adi kA nAza jAyagA / duSamAduSamA nAmaka chaThaveM Are ke anta meM bhayaMkara vAyu pravAhita hogii| dizAe~ dhUmra aura dhUli se Acchanna ho jAyeMgI / AkAza se agni aura pattharoM kI varSA hogI jisase mAnava, pazu, pakSI aura vanaspati naSTa ho jaayeNge| kevala eka vaitAdyaparvata avazeSa rhegaa| isa kAla ke mAnava jo bace raheMge ve vaitADhya parvata kI guphAoM meM rheNge| mAMsa, matsya aura mRta zarIra Adi kA bhakSaNa kara apane jIvana kA nirvAha kreNge| unakI Ayu adhika se adhika 20 varSa kI hogI / 258 usake pazcAt utsarpiNI kAla prArambha hogA jisameM puna: mAnava ke jIvana meM sukha kA samudra dhIre-dhIre taraMgita hone lagegA / utsarpiNI ke duSamAkAla meM puSkara saMvartakamegha, kSIramegha, ghRtamegha, amRtamegha, rasamegha kI varSA hogI jisase hariyAlI lahalahAne lagegI / mAnava mAMsAhAra kA pUrNarUpa se niSedha karegA / yahA~ taka ki mAMsAhAriyoM kI chAyA taka kA sparza bhI vaha na kregaa| usake pazcAt duSamAsuSamA aura suSamAduSamA kA varNana hai / utsarpiNI kAla ke ina AroM meM bhI 24 tIrthaMkara hoNge| tatpazcAt suSamA aura suSamA- suSamA Are kA varNana hai / tRtIya vakSaskAra meM bharata cakravartI kA vistAra se varNana hai / bharata cakravartI vinItA nagarI meM rAjya karate the / unakI AyudhazAlA meM cakraratna utpanna huA / AyudhazAlA ke adhyakSa ne jaba yaha saMvAda bharata ko sunAyA

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 256 to vaha atyanta AlhAdita huaa| usane siMhAsana se uThakara eka zATikA kA uttarAsana kara hAtha jor3akara cakraratna ko praNAma kara nagara ko susajjita kiyA aura saparivAra AyudhazAlA meM pahu~cA aura usakI arcanA kii| nagara meM ATha dina taka utsava manAyA gyaa| usake pazcAt cakraratna ne vinItA se gaMgA ke dakSiNI taTa para pUrva dizA meM sthita mAgadha tIrtha kI ora prayANa kiyaa| samrATa bharata bhI caturaMgiNI senA se susajjita hokara hastiratna para ArUr3ha hokara gaMgA ke dakSiNI taTa ke pradezoM para vijayavaijayantI phaharAtA huA cakraratna ke pIche calakara mAgadha tIrtha meM AyA aura hastiratna se utara kara darbha ke saMthAre para baiThakara mAgadha nAmaka deva kI ArAdhanA kii| phira azvaratha para savAra hokara cakraratna kA anugamana karate hue lavaNasamudra meM praveza kiyaa| vahAM pahuMca kara magadha tIrthAdhipati deva ke bhavana meM eka bANa maaraa| bANa ko dekhakara deva eka kSaNa ko to uttejita ho gayA kintu bANa para likhe hue bharata cakravartI ke nAma ko par3hakara use dhyAna AyA ki bharata nAmaka cakravartI kA janma huA hai| vaha zIghra hI bharata ke pAsa pahu~cA aura badhAI dekara nivedana kiyA ki 'devAnupriya ! maiM ApakA Aja se AjJAkArI sevaka huuN| mere yogya sevA kA Adeza deN|' bharata cakravartI apane ratha ko pUna: lauTAte haiM aura vijaya skandhAvAra niveza meM pahuMcakara ATha dina kA utsava manAte haiN| vahA~ se varadAma tIrtha Ate haiM aura varadAma tIrtha ke kumAradeva ko apane adhIna karate haiM / phira prabhAsa tIrtha ke deva ko bhI apane vaza meM karate haiM / isI taraha siMdhudevI, vaitAdayagiri kumAra va kRtamAla deva ko bhI sAdhate haiN| usake pazcAt cakravartI bharata ne apane suSeNa nAmaka senApati ko sindhu nadI ke pazcima meM sthita niSkuTa pradeza ko jItane ke lie bhejA / suSeNa atyanta parAkramI va mleccha bhASAoM meM niSNAta thaa| usane hAthI para baiThakara sindhu nadI ke kinAre ke pradezoM ko jItA aura naukA se nadI ko pArakara siMhala, barbara, aMgaloka, cilAyaloka, yavanadvIpa, Arbaka, romaka, alasaMDa, pikkhula, kAlamukha aura jonaka nAmaka mlecchoM ko, uttara vaitADhya meM rahane vAlI mleccha jAti, dakSiNa-pazcima se lekara siMdhu sAgara kaccha deza ko vijaya kiyaa| usake pazcAt suSeNa senApati timisra guphA ke dakSiNadvAra ke kapAToM kA udghATana karatA hai aura bharata cakravartI apane maNiratna ko lekara timisra guphA kI dIvAra para kAkiNIratna se 46

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260 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA maMDala (vartula) banAte haiN| isa prakAra saMpUrNa guphA prakAzita ho jAtI hai aura kaTaka sahita guphA pAra karane meM unheM koI naSTa nahIM uThAnA pdd'taa| uttarArdha bharata meM ApAta nAma ke kirAta rahate the| ve aneka bhavana, vAhana, dAsa, dAsI, go-mahiSa se sampanna the| unhoMne asamaya meM AkAza meM bijalI camakatI huI dekhii| vRkSoM ko phalatA-phUlatA va prasannatA kA vAtAvaraNa dekhakara ve cintita ho uThe ki koI Apatti Ane vAlI hai| isI samaya timisra guphA ke uttaradvAra se cakravartI bharata apanI virATa senA ke sAtha vahA~ pahu~ce / donoM senAoM meM bhayaMkara yuddha haa| kirAtoM ne bharata kI senA ko vicalita kara diyaa| yaha dekha suSeNa senApati azvaratna para ArUr3ha ho asiratna ko hAtha meM lekara kirAtoM kI ora bar3hA aura unheM parAjita kiyaa| kirAta siMdhu nadI ke taTa para bAlukA ke saMstAraka para Urdhvamukha hokara vastrarahita hokara leTa gye| unhoMne aSTamabhakta se apane kula-devatA meghamukha nAmaka nAgakumAra devoM kI ArAdhanA kii| devoM ne Akara kahA-'yaha bharata nAmaka cakravartI hai| yaha kisI se bhI jItA nahIM jA sakatA aura na kisI zastra, agni, maMtra Adi se isakI hAni hI ho sakatI hai / tathApi, tuma logoM ke lie hama mUsalAdhAra varSA karate haiN|' bharata ne varSA kI cintA nahIM kI aura apane carmaratna para savAra ho chatraratna se varSA ko rokakara maNiratna ke prakAza meM sAta rAtriyAM vahA~ para vyatIta kii| usake pazcAt kirAta bharata ko ajeya samajhakara zreSTha ratnoM kA upahAra lekara zaraNa meM pahu~ce aura aparAdhoM kI kSamAyAcanA kii| usake pazcAt bharata ne kSudra himavaMta parvata ke sannikaTa pahu~ca kara kSudra himavaMta giri kumAra deva kI ArAdhanA kara use siddha kiyaa| usake bAda RSabhakkuTa para pahuMcakara kAkiNI ratna se parvata kI bhitti para apanA nAma aMkita kiyaa| tatpazcAt vaitADhyaparvata kI ora lauttaa| vahA~ nami aura vinami vidyAdharoM ko jiitaa| vinami ne bharata cakravartI ko strI ratna aura nami ne ratna, kaTaka aura bAhubaMdha arpita kiye / tatpazcAt bharata gaMgAdevI ko sAdhakara khaMDa-prapAta guphA meM pahu~cA aura natamAlaka devatA ko siddha kara gaMgA ke pUrva meM sthita niSkuTa pradeza ko jiitaa| suSeNa senApati ne khaMDaprapAta guphA ke kapAToM kA udghATana kiyA aura bharata ne kAkiNI ratna se maMDala banAye / bAda meM bharata ne gaMgA ke pazcimI taTa para vijaya skandhAvAra niveza sthApita kara naisarpa, pANDuka, piMgalaka, sarvaratna, mahApadma, kAla,

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 261 mahAkAla, mANavaka aura zaMkha ina nidhiratnoM kI prApti kii| isa prakAra cakraratna apanI yAtrA samApta kara vinItA rAjadhAnI kI ora lauttaa| bharata cakravartI bhI SaTkhaMDa para digvijaya kara hastiratna para ArUr3ha ho usake pIche cale aura rAjadhAnI meM jA phuNce| senApati ko bulAkara rAjyAbhiSeka kA Adeza diyA aura mAMDalika rAjAoM ne unheM badhAI dii| senApati, purohita, sUpakAra, zreNI-prazreNI Adi ne unakA abhiSeka kiyaa| samrAT bharata kI Rddhi kA yahA~ para vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| eka bAra cakravartI bharata ArisA bhavana meM gye| vahA~ anitya bhAvanA bhAte hue unako kevalajJAna huaa| usI samaya sampUrNa alaMkAroM kA tyAga kara paMcamuSTi loca kiyA aura anta meM aSTApada parvata para nirvANa prApta kiyaa| bharata ke kumAra jIvana, maMDalIka rAja jIvana, cakravartI gRhavAsa jIvana, kevalI jIvana aura saMlekhanA ke kAla para prakAza DAlA hai| caturtha vakSaskAra meM culla himavaMta kA varNana hai| isameM sarvaprathama, isa parvata ke bIca avasthita padma nAma ke eka sarovara kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| gaMgA nadI, siMdhu, rohitAMzA nadiyoM kA bhI vizada nirUpaNa hai / isa parvata para 11 zikharoM kA varNana hai| haimavata kSetra kA aura usameM zabdApAtI nAmaka vRttavaitADhya parvata kA varNana hai| mahAhimavaMta aura usa parvata ke mahApadma nAmaka sarovara kA varNana hai| harivarSa, niSadha parvata, usa parvata ke tigicha nAmaka sarovara, mahAvideha kSetra aura gaMdhamAdana nAmaka parvata, uttarakuru meM yamaka nAmaka parvata, jambUvRkSa, mahAvideha kSetra meM mAlyavaMta parvata, kaccha nAmaka vijaya, citrakUTa Adi anya vijaya, devakUru, meru parvata, naMdanavana, somanasa vana Adi, nIlaparvata, ramyaka, hiraNyavata aura airAvata Adi kSetroM kA isameM bahuta hI vistAra se varNana hai| yaha vakSaskAra sabhI vakSaskAroM se bar3A hai| pAMcaveM vakSaskAra meM jina-janmAbhiSeka kA varNana hai| tIrthaMkara kA janmotsava manAne ke lie dizA-vidizAoM se 56 dikakumAriyAM AtI haiN| ye cAra aMgula chor3akara tIrthaMkara kI nAbhinAla ko kATatI hai aura bAda meM telamardana, sugaMdhita ubaTana karake gaMdhodaka, puSpodaka, zuddhodaka se snAna karAtI haiN| agnihoma karake rakSA poTalI bAMdhakara, pASANa gholaka kAna ke pAsa bajAtI haiM aura AzIrvacana va madhura gItAdi evaM nRtya karatI haiN| zakrandra kA saparivAra Agamana hotA hai aura vaha pANDaka vana meM abhiSeka

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262 jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA zilA para tIrthaMkara ko abhiSeka ke lie le jAtA hai| IzAnendrAdi sabhI indra meru parvata para Ate haiM aura tIrthodaka se abhiSeka karate haiN| punaH tIrthaMkara ko mAtA ke pAsa lAte haiM aura divya vastrayugala, kuMDalayugala dekara hiraNya, suvarNa, ratnAdi ke dvArA zakrendra ke Adeza se vaizramaNa deva tIrthaMkara ke nivAsa ko bhara dete haiM / ara arekAra meM jambUdvIpagata padArtha saMgraha kA varNana hai / jambUdvIpa ke pradezoM kA lavaNasamudra se sparza aura jIvoM kA janma, jambUdvIpa meM bharata, airAvata, haimavata, hiraNyavata, harivAsa, ramyakavAsa aura mahAvideha, inakA pramANa, varSadhara parvata, citrakUTa, vicitrakUTa, yamaka parvata, kaMcana parvata, vakSaskAra parvata, dIrgha vaitADhya parvata, varSadharakUTa, vakSaskArakUTa, vaitADhyakUTa, maMdarakUTa, mAgadhatIrtha, varadAmatIrtha aura prabhAsatIrtha, vidyAdhara zreNiyA~, cakravartI vijaya, rAjadhAniyA~, timisraguphA, khaMDa-prapAta guphA, nadI aura mahAnadiyoM Adi kA isameM vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM vakSaskAra meM jyotiSka kA varNana hai / jambUdvIpa meM do candra, do sUrya, 56 nakSatra, 176 mahAgraha, prakAza karate haiN| usake bAda sUrya maMDaloM kI saMkhyA Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| sUrya kI gati dina aura rAtri kA mAna, sUrya ke Atapa kA kSetra, pRthvI se sUrya Adi kI dUrI, sUrya kA UrdhvaM aura tiryak tApa, candramaMDaloM kI saMkhyA, eka muhUrta meM candra kI gati, nakSatramaMDala evaM sUrya ke udaya asta ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| saMvatsara pA~ca prakAra ke haiN| nakSatra, yuga, pramANa, lakSaNa va zanaizcara / nakSatra saMvatsara ke 12 bheda batAye haiN| yuga saMvatsara, pramANa, lakSaNa saMvatsara ke 5-5 bheda haiM aura zanaizcara saMvatsara ke 28 bheda haiN| pratyeka saMvatsara ke 12 mahIne hote haiM / unake laukika aura lokottara nAma batAye haiN| eka mahine ke do pakSa, eka pakSa ke 15 dina 15 rAtri aura 15 tithiyoM ke nAma, mAsa, pakSa, karaNa, yoga, nakSatra, pauruSIpramANa, Adi para vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| candra kA parivAra; maMDala meM gati karane vAle nakSatra: pUrva, dakSiNa, pazcima aura uttara dizA meM candra vimAna ko vahana karane vAle deva; sUrya, graha, nakSatra, tArA ke vimAnoM ko vahana karane vAle deva; jyotiSI devoM kI zIghra gati, jyotiSI devoM meM alpa aura mahARddhi vAle deva, jambUdvIpa meM

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 263 eka tAre se dUsare tAre kA antara, caMda kI cAra agramahiSiyA~, parivAra, vaikriyazakti, sthiti Adi kA varNana hai| jambUdvIpa meM jaghanya, utkRSTa tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsUdeva, nidhi, nidhiyoM kA paribhoga, paMcendriya ratna tathA usakA paribhoga, ekendriya ratna, jambUdvIpa kA AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi, U~cAI, pUrNa parimANa, zAzvata, azAzvata kathana kI apekSA, jambUdvIpa meM pAMca sthAvara kAyoM meM ananta bAra utpatti, jambUdvIpa nAma kA kAraNa Adi batAyA gayA hai| upasaMhAra isa prakAra prastuta Agama meM prAcIna bhUgola kA mahattvapUrNa saMkalana hai / jainadRSTi se sRSTi vidyA ke bIja isameM upalabdha hote haiM / Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA prAgaaitihAsika jIvana caritra bhI isameM milatA hai| samrATa bharata kI digvijaya kA varNana bhI prApta hotA hai jisakI tulanA viSNu purANa se kara sakate haiN| bharata aura kirAtoM ke yuddha kA varNana prAcIna yuddha kI smRti dilAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke kalyANa mahotsava kA varNana, jisakA bAda ke granthoM meM vistAra se ullekha hai, bIja isa Agama meM hai|

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6-7. sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti nAmakaraNa sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti ye kamazaH 6The aura veM upAMga haiN| kaI granthoM meM sUryaprajJapti ko pAMcavAM aura candraprajJapti ko sAtavAM upAMga likhA hai| sUryaprajJapti meM sUrya Adi jyotiSka cakra kA varNana hai| isameM eka adhyayana, 20 prAbhRta, upalabdha mUlapATha 2200 zloka parimANa hai| gadyasUtra 108 aura padyagAthA 103 haiN| isI prakAra candraprajJapti meM bhI hai| candraprajJapti meM candra Adi jyotiSka cakra kA varNana hai| mahattva ___DaoN. vinTaranitja sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti ko vaijJAnika grantha svIkAra karate haiN| anya pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne bhI unameM ullikhita gaNita aura jyotiSa vijJAna ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai| DA0 zubriga ne jarmanI kI hemabarga yUnivarsiTI meM apane bhASaNa meM kahA ki 'jaina vicArakoM ne jina tarkasammata evaM susaMmata siddhAntoM ko prastuta kiyA ve Adhunika vijJAnavettAoM kI dRSTi se bhI amUlya evaM mahatvapUrNa haiN| vizvaracanA ke siddhAnta ke sAthasAtha usameM uccakoTi kA gaNita evaM jyotiSa vijJAna bhI milatA hai| sUryaprajJapti meM gaNita evaM jyotiSa para gaharAI se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH sUryaprajJapti ke adhyayana ke binA bhAratIya jyotiSa ke itihAsa ko sahI rUpa se nahIM samajhA jA sktaa|' pAzcAtya vicArakoM evaM aitihAsika vidvAnoM kI dRSTi se sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti ye mahatvapUrNa graMtha haiN| inheM hama jyotiSa va gaNita kA, 1 ideas. Havandard or is not con He who has a thorough knowledge of the structure of the world cannot but admire the inward logic and harmony of Jain ideas. Hand in hand with the refined cosmographical ideas goes a high standard of Astronomy and Mathematics. A history of Indian Astronomy is not conceivable without the famous 'Surya Pragyapati'. -Dr. Schubring.

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 265 bhUgola va khagola kA mahatvapUrNa koSa kaha sakate haiN| vebara ne san 1868 meM 'uvera DI sUryaprajJapti' nAmaka nibandha prakAzita kiyA thaa| DA0 Ara0 zAma zAstrI ne isa upAMga kA 'e brIpha TrAnsalezana oNpha mahAvIrAja sUryaprajJapti' nAmaka saMkSipta anuvAda kiyA hai| isa Agama meM Aye hue do sUrya aura do candra kI mAnyatA kA 'bhAskara' ne apane siddhAnta ziromaNi grantha meM aura brahmagupta ne apane 'sphuTa siddhAnta' meM khaMDana kiyA hai; kintu DaoN dhibI ne 'jaranala oNpha da eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla meM 'oNna da sUryaprajJapti' nAmaka apane zodhapUrNa lekha meM pratipAdita kiyA ki grIka logoM ke bhAratavarSa meM Agamana ke pUrva ukta siddhAnta sarvamAnya thaa| unhoMne bhAratIya jyotiSa ke ati prAcIna jyotiSka vedAMga graMtha kI mAnyatAoM ke sAtha sUryaprajJapti ke siddhAntoM kI samAnatA batAI hai| sUryaprajJapti ke prathama prAbhUta meM ullekha hai ki mithilA nagarI meM jitazatru kA rAjya thaa| usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra mithilA ke bAhara maNibhadra caitya meM pdhaare| dharmopadeza karane ke pazcAt gaNadhara gautama ne jijJAsA prastuta kii| bhagavAna ne samAdhAna karate hue kahA-dina va rAtri meM muharta 30 hote haiN| isake sAtha hI nakSatramAsa, sUryamAsa, candramAsa aura RtumAsa ke muhUrtoM kI vRddhi kA varNana kiyA / prathama se antima aura antima se prathama maNDala paryanta sUrya kI gati kA kAla pratipAdita karate hue batAyA ki antima maMDala meM sUrya kI eka bAra aura zeSa maMDaloM meM sUrya kI do bAra gati hotI hai| usake pazcAt Aditya saMvatsara ke dakSiNAyana aura uttarAyaNa meM ahorAtra ke jadhanya tathA utkRSTa muhUrta evaM ahorAtra ke muhUrtoM kI hAnivRddhi kA kAraNa batAyA hai bharata aura airAvata kSetra ke sUrya kA udyota kSetra, Aditya saMvatsara ke donoM ayanoM meM prathama se antima aura antima se prathama paryanta eka sUrya kI gati kA antara aura antara ke sambandha meM chaha anya mAnyatAe~, sUrya dvArA dvIpa-samudroM ke avagAhana saMbaMdha meM eka rAta-dina meM sUrya kitane kSetra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai? maNDaloM kI racanA aura vistAra Adi kA vivaraNa hai| dUsare prAbhRta meM sUrya ke udaya aura asta kA varNana hai| yahA~ para zAstrakAra ne aneka anya tIthikoM ke matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kitane hI 1 jilda 46, pR0 107-181

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266 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aisA mAnate haiM ki sUrya pUrva dizA meM udaya hokara ananta AkAza meM calA jAtA hai / yaha koI vimAna, ratha yA devatA nahIM hai kintu golAkAra kiraNoM kA samUha mAtra hai jo saMdhyA samaya naSTa ho jAtA hai| kitane hI yaha mAnate haiM ki sUrya devatA hai jo svabhAva se AkAza meM utpanna hotA hai aura sandhyA ke samaya AkAza meM adRzya ho jAtA hai| kitane hI kahate haiM ki sUrya eka deva hai aura sadA vartamAna rahatA hai| prAtaHkAla pUrva dizA meM udita hokara sandhyA ke samaya pazcima dizA meM pahu~ca jAtA hai aura vahA~ se adholoka prakAzita karatA huA nIce kI ora lauTa jAtA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne prastuta sUtra kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki 'pRthvI ko gola svIkAra karane vAloM ko hI yaha mata mAnya ho sakatA hai, jainoM ko nahIM / cUMki ve pRthvI ko golAkAra na mAnakara asaMkhyAta dvIpa- samudroM se ghirI huI mAnate haiN|' isake bAda sUrya ke eka maNDala se dUsare maNDala meM gamana karane kA varNana hai / sUrya eka muhUrta meM kitane kSetra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai ? isa prAbhRta meM anya matoM kA ullekha karake svamata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / tIsare prAbhRta meM candra, sUrya dvArA prakAzita kiye jAne vAle dvIpasamudroM kA varNana hai aura bAraha matAntaroM kA nirdeza bhI huA hai| caturtha prAbhRta meM candra aura sUrya kA saMsthAna do prakAra se batAyA hai(1) vimAna saMsthAna ( 2 ) prakAzita kSetra kA sNsthaan| donoM prakAra ke saMsthAnoM ke sambandha meM anya 16 matAntaroM ke ullekha haiN| svamata se pratyeka maMDala meM udyota aura tApa kSetra kA saMsthAna batAkara andhakAra ke kSetra kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sUrya ke Urdhva, adho evaM tiryak tApa kSetra kA parimANa bhI batAyA gayA hai / pA~caveM prAbhRta meM sUrya kI lezyAoM kA varNana hai| chaThaveM prAbhRta meM sUrya ke oja kA varNana hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to sUrya sadA eka rUpa meM avasthita rahatA hai yA pratikSaNa parivartita hotA rahatA hai ? isa sambandha meM anya 25 pratipattiyA~ haiM / jainadRSTi se jambUdvIpa meM prati varSa kevala 30 muhUrta taka sUrya kA prakAza avasthita rahatA hai, zeSa samaya meM anavasthita rahatA hai / kyoMki pratyeka maNDala para eka sUrya 30 muhUrta rahatA hai| isameM jisa-jisa maMDala para vaha rahatA hai usa dRSTi se vaha avasthita hai aura dUsare maMDala kI dRSTi se vaha anavasthita hai /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 267 sAtaveM prAbhRta meM batAyA hai ki sUrya apane prakAza dvArA meru parvata Adi ko aura anya pradezoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| AThaveM prAbhRta meM batAyA hai ki jo sarva pUrva-dakSiNa meM udita hotA hai| vaha meru ke dakSiNa meM sthita bharata Adi kSetroM ko prakAzita karatA hai / pazcima-uttara meM udita hone vAlA sUrya meru ke uttara meM sthita airAvata Adi kSetroM ko prakAzita karatA hai| jaMbUdvIpa ke meru parvata se pUrva-pazcima meM jisa samaya dina hai usa samaya dakSiNa-uttara meM rAtri hai / lavaNa samudra ke dakSiNa - uttara meM jisa samaya dina hai usa samaya pUrva-pazcima meM rAtri hai| free- fbhanna kSetroM kI apekSA utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI kAla kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / naveM prAbhRta meM pauruSI chAyA pramANa kA ullekha karate hue batAyA hai| ki sUrya ke udaya aura asta ke samaya 56 puruSa pramANa chAyA dikhAI detI hai / isa prAbhRta meM aneka mata-matAntaroM kA ullekha karate hue svamata kI pauruSI chAyA ke sambandha meM sthApanA kI hai| dasaveM prAbhata meM 22 upa-adhyAya haiN| inameM nakSatroM meM AvalikA kA krama, muhUrta kI saMkhyA, pUrva bhAga, pazcima bhAga aura ubhaya bhAga se candra ke sAtha yoga karane vAle nakSatra, yuga ke prArambha meM yoga karane vAle nakSatroM kA pUrvAdi vibhAga, nakSatroM ke kula, upakula aura kulopakula, 12 pUrNimA va amAvasyAoM meM nakSatroM ke yog| samAna nakSatroM ke yogavAlI pUrNimA va amAvasyA, nakSatroM ke saMsthAna, unake tAre / varSA, hemaMta aura grISma RtuoM meM mAsa krama se nakSatroM kA yoga aura pauruSI pramANa / dakSiNa, uttara aura ubhaya mArga se candra ke sAtha yoga karane vAle nakSatra / nakSatrarahita candramaNDala, sUrya rahita candramaNDala, nakSatroM ke devatA, 30 muhUtoM ke nAma, 15 dinoM ke va rAtriyoM ke va tithiyoM ke nAma / nakSatroM ke gotra, nakSatroM meM bhojana kA vidhAna / eka yuga meM candra va sUrya ke sAtha nakSatroM kA yoga / eka saMvatsara ke mahIne, unake laukika va lokottara nAma / pA~ca prakAra ke saMvatsara aura unake 5-5 bheda haiM aura antima zanaizcara saMvatsara ke 28 bheda haiN| do candra, nakSatroM ke dvAra, do sUrya unake sAtha yoga karane vAle nakSatroM kA muhUrta parimANa / nakSatroM kI sImA, viSkaMbha Adi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / gyArahaveM prAbhRta meM saMvatsaroM ke Adi anta aura nakSatroM ke yoga kA varNana huA hai|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bArahaveM prAbhRta meM nakSatra, candra, Rtu, Aditya aura abhivardhita ina 5 saMvatsaroM kA varNana hai| chaha RtuoM kA pramANa, chaha kSayatithiyA~, chaha adhika tithiyA~, eka yuga meM sUrya aura candra kI AvRttiyA~ aura usa samaya nakSatroM kA yoga aura yogakAla Adi kA varNana hai / 268 terahaveM prAbhRta meM kRSNa aura zukla pakSa meM candra kI hAni - vRddhi batAI gaI hai / 62 pUrNimA aura 62 amAvasyAoM meM candra sUryo ke sAtha rAhu kA yoga, pratyeka ayana meM candra kI maNDalagati, Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| caudahaveM prAbhRta meM kRSNa aura zulka pakSa kI jyotsnA aura andhakAra kA pramANa batAyA hai| pandrahaveM prAbhRta meM candrAdi jyotiSka devoM kI eka muhUrta kI gati hai, nakSatra mAsa meM caMdra, sUrya, grahAdi kI maNDala gati kA varNana hai| isI prakAra RtumAsa meM, Aditya mAsa meM bhI maNDalagati kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| solahaveM prAbhRta meM candrikA, Atapa aura andhakAra ke paryAya kA varNana hai / satrahaveM prAbhRta meM sUrya-candra kA vyavana, upapAta Adi ke sambandha meM anya 25 mata-matAntaroM kA ullekha karane ke bAda svamata kA saMsthApana kiyA hai| aThArahaveM prAbhRta meM bhUmi se sUrya candrAdi kI U~cAI kA parimANa batAte hue anya 25 mata-matAntaroM kA ullekha karake svamata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / candra-sUrya ke vimAna ke nIce, Upara aura samavibhAga meM tArAoM ke 'vimAna haiN| unake kAraNa, eka candra kA graha, nakSatra aura tArAoM kA parivAra, meru parvata se jyotiSka cakra kA antara, jambUdvIpa meM sarva bAhya AbhyaMtara, Upara-nIce calane vAle nakSatra, candra-sUryAdi ke saMsthAna, AyAma, viSkaMbha aura bAhulya / unako vahana karane vAle devoM kI saMkhyA aura unakA dizAkrama se rUpa, unakI zIghra aura maMda gati, alpabahutva / candra-sUrya kI agramahiSiyAM parivAra, vikurvaNA zakti, deva deviyoM kI jaghanya utkRSTa sthiti Adi kA varNana hai / unnIsaveM prAbhRta meM candra, sUrya saMpUrNa loka ko prakAzita karate haiM yA loka ke eka vibhAga ko ? isa sambandha meM bAraha mata-matAntara batAte hue svamata kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| lavaNasamudra kA AyAma, viSkaMbha aura candra, sUrya, nakSatra, tAre kA varNana hai| usI taraha dhAtakIkhaMDa ke saMsthAna kA

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 266 varNana, kAlodadhi samudra aura puSkarAddha dvIpa, manuSya kSetra Adi kA vibaraNa hai| indra ke abhAva meM vyavasthA, indra kA jaghanya aura utkRSTa virahakAla, manuSya kSetra ke bAhara candra kI utpatti aura gati tathA anta meM svayaMbhUramaNa samudra taka dvIpa-samudroM kA AyAma, viSkaMbha, paridhi Adi kA varNana hai| bIsaveM prAbhUta meM candrAdi kA svarUpa, rAhu kA varNana, rAhu ke do prakAra, jaghanya-utkRSTa kAla kA varNana hai / candra ko zazI aura sUrya ko Aditya kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki jyotiSkoM ke indra-candra kA mRga (zaza) ke cinha vAlA mRgAMka nAmaka vimAna hai aura sUrya samaya, AvalikA Adi se lekara avasarpiNI, utsapiNI ke kAla kA Adi karane vAlA hai isalie inheM zazI aura Aditya kahate haiN| candra aura sUrya kI agramahiSiyA~, candra, sUrya ke kAmabhogoM kI mAnavIya kAmabhogoM ke sAtha tulanA kI gaI hai| isake pazcAt 88 grahoM ke nAma batAye gaye haiN| candraprajJapti meM candra ke paribhramaNa kA ullekha mukhya rUpa se huA hai| candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti kA varNana prAyaH samAna hai| kevala maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM jo 18 gAthAe~ dI gaI haiM ve vizeSa haiN| . isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti meM prAcIna jyotiSa sambandhI mUla mAnyatAoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| inake viSaya kI vedAMga jyotiSka ke sAtha tulanA kara sakate haiN| paMca varSAtmaka yuga kA mAna kalpita kara sUrya aura candra kA gaNita kiyA gayA hai / sUrya ke udaya va asta kA vicAra kara dinamAna kA kathana hai| uttarAyaNa meM sUrya lavaNasamudra ke bAharI mArga se jambUdvIpa kI ora AtA hai| usa samaya sUrya kI cAla siMhagati hotI hai / usake bAda gajagati ho jAtI hai jisase uttarAyaNa ke Arambha meM dina laghu aura rAtri bar3I hotI hai aura uttarAyaNa kI samApti para gati maMda hone se dina bar3A hone lagatA hai| isI prakAra dakSiNAyana ke Arambha meM sUrya jambUdvIpa ke bhItarI mArga se bAhara kI ora gativAlA hotA hai jisase dina bar3A aura rAtri choTI hotI hai| prastuta siddhAnta paravartI sAhitya meM dinamAna evaM uttarAyaNa va dakSiNAyana ke nirUpaNa kA srota hai| nakSatroM ke gotra Adi kA varNana muhartazAstra kI nIMva hai| muhartazAstra meM pradhAna rUpa se nakSatroM ke svabhAva aura guNoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai|

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270 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti meM viSaya kI samAnatA hone para bhI candraprajJapti kI kucha vizeSatAeM isa prakAra haiM (1) candra kI pratidina kI yojanavAlI gati kA kathana hai| (2) uttarAyaNa aura dakSiNAyana kI vIthiyoM kA pRthaka-pRthaka vistAra nikAlakara sUrya aura candramA kI gati kA nirNaya kiyA hai jo sUryaprajJapti meM nahIM hai| (3) vIthiyoM meM candramA ke samacaturasra prabhRti vibhinna AkAroM kA khaNDana kara samacaturasra golAkAra kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| (4) mAnava sabhyatA ke prArambha meM zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ke dina jambUdvIpa kA prathama sUrya pUrva-dakSiNa-Agneya koNa meM aura dvitIya sUrya pazcimottara-vAyavya koNa meM claa| isI taraha prathama candramA pUrvottara IzAna koNa meM aura dvitIya candramA naiRtya (pazcima-dakSiNa) koNa meM calA / sUryacandra kI prastuta gamana prakriyA jyotiSa meM nirUpita nADIvRta aura kadamba potavRtta se milatI-julatI hai| jyotiSa kI dRSTi se yaha viSaya atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| (5) chAyAsAdhana aura chAyApramANa para se dinamAna kA sAdhana kiyA gayA hai jo bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha sAdhana prakriyA pratibhA gaNita kA mUla srota hai jisase pratibhAgaNita kA vikAsa huaa| (6) chAyAsAdhana meM kIlakacchAyA aura kIlacchAyA kA varNana hai| isI kIlakacchAyA se zaMkuchAyA kA vikAsa huA hai aura vidvAnoM kA mantavya hai ki zaMkugaNita kA vikAsa bhI kIlacchAyA se huaa| (7) puruSacchAyA kA isameM vistRta vivecana hai| puruSacchAyA saMhitA granthoM meM phalAphala kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| varAhamihira ke puruSacchAyA kA mUla srota yahI Agama honA caahie| (ka) prastuta Agama meM gola, trikoNa aura caukora vastuoM kI chAyA kA varNana hai jisase uttarakAla meM jyotiSa viSayaka gaNita kA atyadhika vikAsa huA hai| (8) isa Agama meM candramA ko svata: prakAzamAna batAyA hai| usake ghaTane-bar3hane kA kAraNa rAhU hai| upasaMhAra isa prakAra ye donoM Agama jyotiSazAstra kI dRSTi se bahata hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| ina para Adhunika dRSTi se tulanAtmaka adhyayana apekSita hai jisase ki aneka tathya ujAgara ho skeN|

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8-12. nirayAvaliyA Adi pA~ca sUtra (kappiyA, kappavaDaMsiyA, pupphiyA, pupphaculiyA, vahidasA) nirayAvaliyA yA nirayAvalikA zrataskandha meM pAMca upAMga samAviSTa haiN| (1) nirayAvalikA yA kalpikA (2) kalpAvataMsikA (3) puSpikA (4) puSpacUlikA aura (5) vRssnnidshaa| vijJoM kA maMtavya hai ki ye pAMcoM upAMga nirayAvalikA ke nAma se hI pahale vizruta the; phira 12 upAMgoM kA 12 aMgoM se sambandha sthApita karate samaya unheM pRthak-pRthak ginA gyaa| pro. vinTaranitja kA bhI yahI mantavya hai / jisa Agama meM naraka meM jAne vAle jIvoM kA paMktibaddha varNana ho vaha nirayAvaliyA hai / isa Agama meM 1 zrutaskandha hai, 52 adhyayana haiM, 5 varga haiM, 1100 zloka pramANa mUlapATha hai / nirayAvalikA ke prathama varga ke 10 adhyayana haiN| inameM kAla, sukAla, mahAkAla, kaNha, sukaNha, mahAkaNha, vIrakaNha, rAmakaNha, piusenakaNha, mahAsenakaNha kA varNana hai| prathama adhyayana meM batAyA hai ki caMpAnagarI meM zreNika rAjA rAjya karate the| unakI mahArAnI celanA se kUNika kA janma huaa| zreNika kI kAlI nAma kI eka anya rAnI se kAlakumAra kA janma huaa| kUNika apane pitA zreNika ko kArAgRha meM bandI banAkara svayaM rAjasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha hotA hai| zreNika kArAgRha meM AtmahatyA kara lete haiM / kUNika apane ladhu bhrAtA hallakumAra aura vehallakumAra se secanaka hAthI aura aThArahasarA hAra mAMgatA hai kintu halla aura vehalla kumAra kUNika ke bhaya se hAra, hAthI va apane anta:pura ko lekara apane mAmA mahArAjA ceTaka ke pAsa baizAlI pahu~ca jAte haiN| kUNika ko jJAta hone para usane dUta bhejA kintu ceTaka ne kahA 'zaraNAgata kI rakSA karanA merA kartavya hai| yadi kUNika hAra aura hAthI ke badale AdhA rAjya de de to ye hAra aura hAthI lauTA sakate haiN|' kUNika ko yaha jAnakara atyadhika krodha AyA aura vaha apane sabhI bhAiyoM kI senA ko lekara saMgrAma ke lie vaizAlI phuNcaa| ceTaka ne bhI nava mallavI nava licchavI 18 gaNa

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272 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA rAjAoM ko bulAkara maMtraNA kii| zaraNAgata kI rakSA ke lie unhoMne yuddha karanA ucita smjhaa| rAjA ceTaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA parama upAsaka thaa| usane zrAvaka ke dvAdazavata grahaNa kara rakhe the aura usakA yaha vizeSa niyama bhI thA ki 'maiM eka dina meM eka se adhika bANa nahIM claauuNgaa|' usakA bANa amogha thA, kabhI bhI niSphala nahIM jAtA thaa| pahale dina kUNika kI ora se kAlakumAra senApati hokara sAmane aayaa| usane garuDavyUha kI racanA kii| rAjA ceTaka ne zakaTa vyUha kI racanA kii| paraspara bhayaMkara yuddha haa| rAjA ceTaka ne amogha bANa kA prayoga kiyaa| kAlakUmAra jamIna para gira par3A aura marakara naraka meM gyaa| yaha pahale adhyayana meM varNana hai / sAtha hI kUNika kA janma, celanA kA dohada aura celanA kA kRNika ko pUrvaghaTanA batAkara pitA ke prati prema jAgrata karane kA bhI varNana hai| isI prakAra eka-eka kara anya nau bhAI senApati bana kara Ate haiM aura rAjA ceTaka ke amogha bANa se mara kara naraka meM jAte haiN| kramazaH nau adhyayanoM meM nau bhrAtAoM kA varNana hai| yaha varNana caMpAnagarI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se kumAroM kI mAtAe~ pUchatI haiM aura bhagavAna usakA kathana karate haiN| ye dasoM kumAra naraka se nikalakara mahAvideha meM janma leNge| vahA~ vairAgya aura zramaNadharma svIkAra karake utkRSTa sAdhanA kara ziva pada prApta kreNge| dvitIya kalpAvataMsikA varga meM dasa adhyayana haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-pauma, mahApauma, bhadda. subhadda, paumabhadda, paumasena, paumagulma, nalinI gulma, ANaMda aura naMdana / caMpAnagarI meM rAjA kuNika rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma padmAvatI thaa| rAjA zreNika kI eka rAnI kA nAma kAlI thaa| usake kAla nAmaka putra huaa| isakA ullekha prathama varga meM kiyA gayA hai| kAla kI patnI kA nAma padmAvatI thaa| usake padmakumAra nAmaka putra huaa| padmakumAra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kI aura 11 aMgoM kA adhyayana kara anta meM anazana kara saudharma devaloka meM utpanna huaa| vahAM se mahAvideha meM janma lekara mokSa jaaygaa| isI prakAra zeSa nau adhyayanoM meM bhI rAjA zreNika ke pautra, jinake pitAoM kA anukrama se prathama varga (nirayAvaliyA-kalpikA) meM varNana kiyA gayA hai, unake putroM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| sAdhanA ke dvArA Ayu pUrNa kara ve devaloka meM gae aura vahA~ se phira manuSya ho kara mokSa jaayeNge| isa prakAra isa varga meM vratAcaraNa

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273 aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya ke dvArA jIvana-zodhana kI prakriyA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pitA jahA~ kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hokara maraNa karake naraka meM jAte haiM vahIM putra satkarmoM ke dvArA svarga prApta karate haiN| utthAna aura patana kA dAyitva mAnava ke svayaM ke karmoM para AdhArita hai| mAnava sAdhanA se bhagavAna bhI bana sakatA hai aura virAdhanA se bhikhArI bhI / tIsarA varga puSpikA hai / isake bhI daza adhyayana haiM- candra, sUrya, zukra, bahuputrika, pUrNabhadra, mANibhadra, datta, ziva, valepaka aura anAhata / pahale adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjagRha meM eka bAra virAjita the | jyotiSIindra candra avadhijJAna se bhagavAna ko rAjagRha meM dekhakara apane vimAna sahita bhagavAna ke darzanahetu AyA / vividha prakAra ke nATya kiye / gautama kI jijJAsA para bhagavAna ne usake pUrvabhava kA kathana kiyA / isI prakAra dUsare adhyayana meM sUrya kA bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa meM vimAna sahita Agamana, nATyavidhi aura bhagavAna kA pUrvabhava kathana Adi kA varNana hai / tIsare adhyayana meM zukra mahAgraha kA varNana hai / isa adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana hetu zukra AyA aura pUrvavat nATyavidhi dikhAkara puna: apane sthAna lauTa gyaa| bhagavAna ne usake pUrvabhava kA kathana karate hue kahA - yaha vArANasI meM somila nAmaka brAhmaNa thA / veda-zAstroM meM niSNAta thA / eka bAra bhagavAna pArzva vArANasI pdhaare| somila bhagavAna pArzva ke darzana hetu gayA aura usane bhagavAna se prazna kiye bhagavan ! Apake yAtrA Apake yApanIya hai ? sarisava, mAsa aura kulattha bhakSya haiM yA abhakSya ? Apa eka haiM yA do haiM ? ina sabhI praznoM kA uttara bhagavAna ne syAdvAda kI bhASA meM diyA / ( yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha somila jisane bhagavAna pArzva se prazna kiye the vaha aura bhagavatIsUtra meM 18veM zataka ke 10veM uddezaka meM bhI somila brAhmaNa kA varNana hai jisane isI prakAra ke prazna bhagavAna mahAvIra se kiye the, ye donoM do bhinna vyakti the| kyoMki bhagavAna pArzva se prazna karane vAlA somila brAhmaNa vArANasI kA thA aura mahAvIra se prazna karane vAlA somila vANijyagrAma kA / kAla ghaTanA kI dRSTi se bhI donoM pRthakpRthak hI the / nAma sAmya se bhrama meM par3anA ucita nahIM / ) bhagavAna pArzva ke vArANasI se vihAra karane ke pazcAt kusaMgati ke kAraNa somila puna: mithyAtvI bana jAtA hai| eka rAtri meM kuTumba jAga

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274 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA raNA karate hae cintana kiyA ki prAtaH vArANasI ke bAhara eka bahuta hI sundara bagIcA lagAU~gA jisameM vividha prakAra ke vRkSa hoMge aura raMga-biraMge phUla mahakate hoNge| prAta: vicAra ko AcAra ke rUpa meM pariNata kiyaa| pUna: eka rAtri ko kuTumba-jAgaraNA karate hue use vicAra udbhUta huA ki prAta: sabhI ko bhojanAdi karAke gaMgAnadI ke kinAre tApasI pravrajyA grahaNa kruuNgaa| prAtaH hone para usane dizAprokSaka tApasoM ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kI aura yaha pratijJA bhI kI ki yAvat-jIvana antararahita chaTTha-cha8 dik cakravAla tapasyA karatA huA sUrya ke abhimukha bhujAe~ uThAkara sUryAbhimukha ho AtApanA bhUmi meM tapazcaraNa kruugaa| prathama chaTra ke pAraNe ke dina vaha AtApanA bhUmi se calakara balkala ke vastra dhAraNa kara apanI kUTI meM AyA aura apanI TokarI lekara pUrva dizA kI ora claa| vahA~ usane soma mahArAja kI pUjA kI aura kaMdamUla phala Adi se TokarI bharakara vaha punaH apanI kuTI meM aayaa| vahAM usane apanI vedI ko lIpa-pota kara zuddha kiyaa| phira darbha aura kalaza ko lekara gaMgAsnAna ke lie gyaa| tatpazcAt Acamana kara devatA aura pitaroM ko jalAMjali dii| darbha aura pAnI kA kalaza hAtha meM lekara kuTiyA meM aayaa| darbha, kuza aura bAlukA se vedikA banAI / maMthana kASTha se araNi ko ghisakara agni paidA kI aura samidha kASTha DAlakara use prajvalita kiyaa| agni kI dAhinI ora usane sAta vastue~-sakatha (eka upakaraNa), valkala, agnipAtra, zayyA, kamaMDala, daMDa aura svayaM ko sthApita kiyaa| ghI, madhu, tila va cAvaloM dvArA agni meM homa kiyA aura caru (bali) pakAkara agni-devatA kI pUjA kii| usake bAda atithiyoM ko bhojana karAke svayaM ne bhojana kiyaa| isa prakAra usane dakSiNa meM yama, pazcima meM varuNa aura uttara meM vaizramaNa kI pUjA kI / puna: eka dina usake antarmAnasa meM vicAra utpanna huA ki maiM valkala ke vastra pahana pAtra evaM TokarI le kASThamudrA se muMha bAMdha kara uttara dizA kI ora mahAprasthAna kara abhigraha dhAraNa karUgA ki jala, thala, durga, viSama parvata, garta yA guphA meM girakara yA sthita hokara puna: na uluuNgaa| yaha cintana kara vaha azoka vRkSa ke nIce gayA, vahA~ para pAtra, TokarI eka ora rakhakara vedI banAI, snAna kiyA, darbha Adi jo kriyAeM thIM unakA anuSThAna kiyA / eka deva ne antarikSa meM khar3e hokara somila se kahA ki yaha tumhArA kArya ucita nahIM hai| deva ke kathana kI vaha upekSA karatA rhaa| kintu

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 275 punaH-puna: deva ke udbodhana se usane zrAvaka ke pAMca aNavrata aura sapta zikSAvrata grahaNa kara lie / tatpazcAt vividha prakAra ke tapa karatA rahA / anta meM ardhamAsika saMlekhanA se AtmA ko bhAvita karatA huA pUrvakRta pApasthAnakoM kI AlocanA, pratikramaNa na karane se yaha vahA~ se Ayu pUrNa kara zukra nAmaka mahAgraha meM utpanna huA hai| vahA~ se cyuta hokara mahAvideha kSetra meM janma lekara siddha hogaa| caturtha adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjagRha nagara ke bAhara pdhaare| usa samaya bahuputrikA nAmaka devI bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa meM AtI hai / pravacana ke pazcAt vaha apanI dAhinI bhujA se 108 devakumAroM ko aura bAyIM bhujA se 108 devakumArikAoM ko nikAlatI hai| sAtha hI bahuta se anya bAlakabAlikAoM ko bhI apanI vaikriya zakti se nikAlatI hai| isake bAda sUryAbha deva ke sadRza nATaka karatI hai / nATaka pUrNa hone para puna: una sabako apane zarIra meM samAviSTa kara letI hai / gaNadhara gautama ne bahaputrikA devI ke jAne ke pazcAt usake sambandha meM pUchA ki vaha vizAla devaRddhi usake zarIra meM se nikalI aura punaH usake zarIra meM kaise vilIna ho gaI ? bhagavAna ne kahA-jaise eka bhavya bhavana meM se hajAroM vyakti nikalate haiM aura punaH usa ghara meM praveza kara jAte haiM vaise hii| gautama ne punaH jijJAsA prastuta kI ki yaha pUrvabhava meM kauna thI? bhagavAna ne kahA-vArANasI nagarI meM bhadra nAmaka sArthavAha thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma subhadrA thaa| vaha bandhyA hone ke kAraNa dina-rAta duHkhI rahA karatI thI aura mana meM cintana karatI rahatI thI-ve mAtAe~ dhanya haiM jinhoMne putroM ko janma diyA hai, dugdha-pAna karAyA hai aura apanI godI meM baiThAkara unakI tutalI bolI sunI hai| kintu maiM to bhAgyahIna haiM, mere koI santAna nahIM hai| eka samaya vArANasI meM suvratA nAmaka AryA, jo paMca samiti aura tIna gupti kI dhAraka thI, ziSyAoM ke sAtha aaii| unakI ziSyAe~ bhadra sArthavAha ke ghara bhikSA ke lie phuNcii| subhadrA ne vipula azana-pAna-khAdya Adi kA pratilAbha kara AryikAoM se saMtAnotpatti ke lie koI vidyA, maMtra, vamana, virecana, vastikarma, auSadhi Adi maaNgii| AyikAoM ne kahA- hama aisI bAteM nahIM sunatI haiM, isa sambandha meM upadeza yA vidhi banAnA hamAre niyama ke pratikUla hai| hama to nirgrantha pravacana kA hI upadeza detI haiN| AyikAoM kA upadeza zravaNa kara subhadrA zramaNopAsikA huI aura kucha samaya ke bAda usane suvratA AryA ke

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276 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pAsa zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kii| kintu AryikA hone para bhI subhadrA kA bAlakoM ke prati atyanta sneha thaa| vaha baccoM ko kabhI ubaTana lagAtI, unakA zRgAra karatI, unako bhojanAdi kraatii| suvratA mahAsatI ne subhadrA se kahA ki yaha kArya zramaNamaryAdA ke pratikUla hai / tumheM yaha nahIM karanA caahiye| para apanI sadguruNI kI AjJA kI avahelanA karake vaha anya upAzraya meM jAkara ekAkI rahane lagI aura svacchandatApUrvaka baccoM ke sAtha pUrvavat vyavahAra karane lgii| bahuta varSoM taka svacchanda pravRtti karate hue usane zramaNadharma kA pAlana kiyaa| anta meM ardhamAsika saMlekhanA dvArA Ayu pUrNa kiyaa| uttaraguNoM meM jo doSa lage unakI AlocanA na karane se yaha saudharma sabhA meM bahuputrikA nAmaka devI huii| yaha jaba indra ke pAsa indrasabhA meM jAtI hai taba bahuta se bAlaka-bAlikAoM kI vikUrvaNA karake sabhA kA manoraMjana karatI hai| isalie ise bahuputrI devI (bahuputrikA devI) kahate haiN| svarga se cyuta hokara yaha bibhela sanniveza meM eka brAhmaNa ke ghara utpanna hogii| usa samaya usakA nAma somA hogaa| yuvAvasthA prApta hone para bhAnaje ke sAtha usakA vivAha hogA aura bahuta se putra-putriyoM kI mAtA bnegii| ve nAceMge, kUdeMge, ha~seMge, rokeMge, eka-dUsare ko mAreMge, pITeMge, bhojana ke lie eka-dUsare para jhapaTeMge aura usake zarIra para koI vamana karegA, koI mala aura koI mUtra jisase ki vaha parezAna ho jaaygii| taba mana meM socegI ki isase to baMdhyAe~ hI ThIka haiM kyoMki maiM inase kitanI parezAna haiM ? usa samaya nirgrantha zramaNiyAM vahA~ AeMgI aura unase nirgrantha pravacana ko zravaNa kara vaha zrAvaka ke vrata grahaNa kregii| usake pazcAt vaha zramaNI banegI aura 11 aMgoM kA adhyayana karake anta meM mAsika saMlekhanA se sAmAnya deva bnegii| vahA~ se Ayu pUrNa kara mahAvideha meM utpanna hogI aura karmoM ko naSTa kara siddha, buddha, mukta hogii| pAMcaveM adhyayana meM pUrNabhadra, chaThe adhyayana meM mANibhadra, sAtaveM meM datta, AThaveM meM ziva gRhapati, naveM meM bala aura dasaveM meM anADhiya gRhapati kA varNana hai| ina adhyayanoM meM bhI ve deva Ate haiM, nATaka karate haiM aura bhagavAna se gautama unake pUrvabhava ke sambandha meM pUchate haiM, Adi eka sadRza varNana hai|| isa prakAra puSpikA upAMga meM sva-samaya aura para-samaya ke jJAna kI dRSTi se kathAoM kA saMkalana hai| kathAoM meM kutUhala tattva kI pradhAnatA hai| sabhI AkhyAnoM meM vartamAna jIvana para utanA prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA jitanA

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 277 unake paraloka ke jIvana para DAlA gayA hai| sAMsArika moha aura mamatAoM kA sabala citraNa hai| punarjanma aura karmasiddhAnta kA samarthana sarvatra mukharita ho rahA hai| caturtha varga kA nAma puSpacUlA hai| isa varga meM 10 adhyayana haiN| zrI devI, hrIdevI, dhutidevI, kItidevI, buddhidevI, lakSmIdevI, ilAdevI, sUrAdevI, rasadevI aura gndhdevii| eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjagRha nagara meM pdhaare| usa samaya zrI devI sudharmA sabhA se AI aura usane divya nATaka kiye kintu usane bahuputrikA kI bhA~ti bAlaka-bAlikAoM kI vikurvaNA nahIM kii| gautama ne usake pUrvabhava ke sambandha meM jijJAsA prastuta kii| bhagavAna ne kahA ki rAjagRha meM sudarzana zreSThI thaa| usakI yaha bhUtA nAmaka putrI thii| yuvAvasthA meM bhI yaha vRddhA ke samAna dikhalAI detI thI ata: isakA vivAha nahIM ho sakA thaa| eka bAra puruSAdAnIya bhagavAna pArzvanAtha vahA~ pdhaare| unake upadeza ko zravaNa kara puSpacUlikA AryA ke pAsa vaha zramaNI bnii| usake pazcAt vaha rAta-dina apane zarIra kI sevA-zuzrUSA meM lagI rahatI / puSpacUlikA AryikA ne use batAyA ki yaha zramaNAcAra nahIM hai / tumheM ina pApoM kI AlocanA kara zuddhIkaraNa karanA caahie| para vaha AjJA kI avahelanA kara bhinna sthAna para rahane lgii| binA AlocanA kiye mara kara yaha devI huI hai| mahAvideha meM janma lekara yaha nirvANa prApta kregii| isI prakAra zeSa nau adhyayanoM meM bhI kathAe~ haiN| pAMcaveM varga kA nAma vRSNidasA hai| usameM 12 adhyayana haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-niSadhakumAra, mAyanIkumAra, bahakumAra, vedhakumAra, pragatikumAra, jyotikumAra, dazarathakumAra, dRr3harathakumAra, mahAdhanukumAra, saptadhanukumAra, dazadhanukumAra aura shtdhnukumaar| dvArikA nagarI meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva rAjya karate the| samudravijaya pramukha daza dazAha rAjA, baladeva pramukha pA~ca mahAvIra, ugrasena pramukha rAjA, pradyamna pramukha kumAra, zaMba pramukha yoddhA, vIrasena pramukha vIra, rukmiNI pramukha rAniyAM aura anaMgasenA Adi gaNikAoM se zrIkRSNa vAsUdeva ghire rahate the| dvArikA meM baladeva rAjA kI rAnI revatI thI, usane niSadhakumAra ko janma diyaa| bhagavAna ariSTanemi eka bAra dvArikA meM pdhaare| unakA Agamana suna zrIkRSNa ne sAmudAnika bherI dvArA bhagavAna ke Agamana kI udghoSaNA

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278 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA karavAyI aura saparivAra dala-bala sahita ve bhagavAna ke vandana ke liye gye| niSadhakumAra bhI bhagavAna ko namaskAra karane ke lie phuNcaa| niSadhakumAra ke divyarUpa ko dekhakara bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke pradhAna ziSya varadatta ne usake divyarUpa Adi ke sambandha meM puuchaa| bhagavAna ne batAyA ki rohItaka nagara meM mahAbala rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI padmAvatI se vIraMgata nAma kA putra huaa| yuvAvasthA meM vaha aneka prakAra ke manuSya sambandhI bhogoM ko bhogatA huA vicaratA thaa| eka bAra siddhArtha AcArya usa nagara meM aaye| unakA upadeza zravaNa kara vIraMgata ne zramaNa pravrajyA grahaNa kii| usane aneka prakAra ke tapAdi anuSThAna kie aura 11 aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| isa prakAra 45 varSa taka zramaNaparyAya kA pAlana kiyaa| usake bAda do mAsa kI saMlekhanA kara pApasthAnakoM kI AlocanA aura zuddhi karake samAdhibhAva se kAladharma prApta karake brahma nAmaka pA~caveM devaloka meM deva haa| vahA~ devAyu pUrNa karake yahA~ yaha niSadhakumAra ke rUpa meM utpanna huA hai aura aisI mAnuSI Rddhi prApta kI hai| vaha niSadhakumAra bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke samIpa anagAra hokara kAlAntara meM nirvANa ko prApta hue| isI prakAra anya adhyayanoM meM bhI prasaMga haiN| upasaMhAra isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vRSNidazA meM yaduvaMzIya rAjAoM ke itivRtta kA aMkana hai| isameM kathA-tattvoM kI apekSA paurANika tattvoM kA prAdhAnya hai| isameM bhagavAna ariSTanemi kA mahattva kaI dRSTiyoM se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|

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mUla Agama sAhitya 0 uttarAdhyayana 0 dazavakAlika nandI sUtra 0 anuyogadvAra

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1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra nAmakaraNa __ Agama sAhitya meM prAcIna vibhAjana ke anusAra uttarAdhyayanasUtra aMgabAhya Avazyakavyatirikta kAlikazruta kA hI eka bheda hai| sAmAnya rUpa se mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA cAra hai| kintu usa para jo vibhinna mata haiM unakA digdarzana hama pUrva pRSThoM meM kara cuke haiN| cAhe kitane matabheda rahe hoM para sabhI ne uttarAdhyayana ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM do zabda haiM-'uttara' aura 'adhyayana' / samavAyAMga meM 'chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNA yaha vAkya prApta hotA hai| isa vAkya meM uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayanoM kA pratipAdana nahIM kintu 36 uttara adhyayana pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM / nandIsUtra meM bhI 'uttarajjhayaNANi' yaha bahuvacanAtmaka nAma prApta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI aMtima gAthA meM bhI 'chattIsaM uttarajjhAe' isa prakAra bahuvacanAtmaka nAma milatA hai| niyuktikAra ne bhI uttarAdhyayana kA bahuvacana meM prayoga kiyA hai| cUrNi meM 36 uttarAdhyayanoM kA eka zrutaskandha mAnA hai tathApi unhoMne isakA nAma bahuvacanAtmaka mAnA hai| bahuvacanAtmaka nAma se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana adhyayanoM kA eka yoga mAtra hai, eka kartRka eka grantha nhiiN| 1 dazavakAlika bhA0 2, pR0 221, TippaNa 26 tathA pR0 352 TippaNa 78 2 samavAyAMga, samavAya 36 3 nandIsUtra 43 - 4 uttarAdhyayana 36268 uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gA04, pR0 21 pA. Ti04 etesiM ceva chattIsAe uttarajjhayaNANaM samudaya samitisamAgameNaM uttarAyaNabhAvasutakkhaMghe ti lammada, tANi puNa chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNANi imehiM nAmehi aNugaMtavvANi / -uttarAdhyayanacUNi pRSTha

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 281 uttara zabda pUrva kI apekSA se hI hai| cUNi meM ina adhyayanoM kI tIna prakAra se yojanA prApta hotI hai|' (1) sa-uttara -pahalA adhyayana (2) niruttara -chattIsavA~ adhyayana (3) sa-uttara-niruttara -bIca ke sAre adhyayana kintu uttara zabda kI prastuta artha yojanA cUrNikAra adhikRta nahIM mAnate haiM / ve niyuktikAra ke dvArA prastuta artha ko adhikRta mAnate haiN| niyukti kI dRSTi se yaha adhyayana AcArAMga ke uttarakAla meM par3he jAte the isalie inheM uttara adhyayana kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI cUNi va vRhadvRtti meM bhI isa kathana kA samarthana hai| zrutakevalI AcArya zayyaMbhava ke pazcAt ye adhyayana dazakAlika ke uttarakAla meM par3he jAne lge| etadartha ye uttara adhyayana hI bane rahe haiN| yaha uttara zabda kI vyAkhyA saMgata jJAta hotI hai| digambara granthoM meM uttara zabda kI aneka dRSTiyoM se vyAkhyA prApta hotI hai| dhavalA meM likhA hai ki uttarAdhyayana uttarapadoM kA varNana karatA hai| yaha uttara zabda samAdhAna kA pratIka hai| aMgapaNNattI meM uttara zabda ke do artha jJAta hote haiM (1) uttarakAla-kisI grantha ke pazcAt par3he jAne vAle adhyayana / (2) uttara-praznoM kA uttara dene vAle adhyayana / ina arthoM meM uttara aura adhyayanoM ke sambandha meM satya tathya kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM 4,16, 23, 25 aura 29vA 1 viNayasuyaM sauttaraM jIvAjIvAbhigamo Niruttaro, sarvottara ityarthaH, sesajjhayaNANi sauttarANi NiruttarANi ya, kahaM ? parIsahA viNayasuyassa uttarA cauraMgijjassa tu puvA itikAuMNiruttara / -uttarAdhyayanacUmi, pRSTha 6 2 kamautareNa pagayaM AyArassevaH uvrimaaiNtu| tamhA u uttarA khalu ajjhayaNA hu~ti NAyavvA / / -uttarAdhyayananiyukti gA03 vizeSazcAyaM yathA-zayyambhavaM yAvadeSa kramaH tadA''ratastu dazavakAlikottarakAlaM paThayanta iti / -uttarAdhyayana bRhadvatti, patra 5 4 uttarajjhayaNaM uttarapadANi vnnnnei| -pavalA, pRSTha 97 5 uttarANi ahijjati, uttarajjhayaNaM padaM jinnidehi| -aMgapaNNattI 3 / 25,26

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282 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ye adhyayana praznottara zailI meM likhe gaye haiM aura kucha anya adhyayanoM meM bhI AMzika rUpa se kucha praznottara Aye haiN| prastuta dRSTi se uttara kA 'samAdhAnasUcaka' artha saMgata hone para bhI sabhI adhyayanoM meM vaha ghaTita nahIM hotaa| uttarakAlavAcI artha saMgata hone ke sAtha pUrNarUpa se vyApta bhI hai| ataH uttara kA mukhya artha yahI ucita pratIta hotA hai| adhyayana kA artha par3hanA hai| kintu yahA~ para adhyayana zabda pariccheda (adhyAya) ke artha meM vyavahRta hai| niyuktikAra aura cUrNikAra ne isakA vizeSa artha bhI kiyA hai kintu tAtparya pariccheda se hI hai| uttarAdhyayana kA kartRtva uttarAdhyayana ke kartRtva ke sambandha meM niyukti, cUNi va vijJoM meM vividha mata haiN| niryaktikAra bhadrabAhu uttarAdhyayana ko eka vyakti kI racanA nahIM mAnate haiN| unake abhimatAnusAra uttarAdhyayana ko kartRtva kI dRSTi se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM--(1) aMgaprabhava, (2) jinabhASita, (3) pratyekabuddha-bhASita, (4) samvAda-samutthita / / uttarAdhyayana kA dvitIya adhyayana aMgaprabhava hai| vaha karmapravAdapUrva ke satrahaveM prAbhRta se uddhRta hai / dasavAM adhyayana jina-bhASita haiN| AThavA~ 1 (ka) ajjhappassANayaNaM kammANaM avacao uvadhiyANaM / aNuvacao va NavANaM tamhA ajjhayaNamicchati / / ahigammati va atthA aNeNa ahiyaM va NayaNamicchati / ahiyaM va sAhu gacchai tamhA ajjhayaNamicchati / / -uttarA0ni0 gAthA 6-7 (kha) uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti pR0 6-7 (ga) , cUNi pR07 2 aMgappabhavA jiNabhAsiyA ya ptteybuddhsNvaayaa| baMdhe mukkhe ya kayA chattIsaM uttarAyaNA // -uttarAthpayananiyukti gA0 4 3 kammappavAyapugve satarase pAhuDaMmi jaM sutaM / saNayaM sodAharaNaM taM ceva ihapi NAyavvaM // -uttarAdhyayananiyukti gA066 4 (ka) jiNabhAsiyA jahA dumapattagAdi / -uttarAdhyayanacUSi, pR07 (kha) jinabhASitAni yathA drumapuSpikA'dhyayanam / -uttarAdhyayanavRhadvatti, patra0 5

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 283 adhyayana pratyekabuddha-bhASita hai| nauvAM aura teIsavA~ adhyayana samvAdasamutthita hai| uttarAdhyayana ke mUlapATha para dhyAna dene se usake kartatva ke sambandha meM kucha cintana kiyA jA sakatA hai / dvitIya adhyayana ke prArambha meM yaha vAkya AyA hai 'suyaM me AusaM! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM-iha khalu bAvIsaM parIsahA samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM kAsaveNaM pveiyaa|' solahaveM adhyayana ke prArambha meM yaha vAkya upalabdha hotA hai--suyaM me Ausa ! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM-iha khalu therehiM bhagavantehiM dasa bambhacerasamAhiThANA pnnttaa|' . untIsaveM adhyayana ke prArambha meM yaha vAkya prApta hotA hai-suyaM me AusaM! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM-iha khalu sammattaparakkame nAma ajjhayaNe samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM kAsaveNaM pveie| upayukta vAkyoM se yaha parijJAta hotA hai ki dUsarA aura untIsA adhyayana to bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita hai aura solahavAM adhyayana sthavira dvArA racita hai| niyuktikAra ne dvitIya adhyayana ko karmapravAdapUrva se niryaDha mAnA hai jabaki isa adhyayana ke prAraMbhika vAkya se yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki vaha jina-bhASita hai| jaba hama cintana karate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki niyuktikAra ne cAra vargoM meM vibhakta kara usake kartRtva para prakAza DAlanA cAhA / kintu usase kartRtva para to prakAza nahIM par3atA hai, hA~ viSaya-vastu para avazya hI prakAza par3atA hai| dasaveM adhyayana meM jo viSaya-vastu hai vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita hai kintu unake dvArA racita nahIM kyoMki prastuta adhyayana kI antima gAthA 'buddhassa nisamma bhAsiyaM' se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai| isI 1 (ka) patteyabuddhabhAsiyANi jahA kAvilijjAdi / -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pR07 (kha) pratyekabuddhA: kapilAdayaH tebhya utpannAni yathA kApilIyAdhyayanam / ---uttarAdhyayana bRhatvRtti, patra 5 2 saMvAo jahA NamipavvajjA kesiyoyamejjaM c| -uttarAdhyayanavRNi, pR07 uttarAdhyayana vRhadavRti, patra 5

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284 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA taraha dUsare aura untIsaveM adhyayana ke prArambha ke vAkyoM se bhI yaha tathya ujAgara hotA hai / chaThe adhyayana kI antima gAthA hai- 'anuttarajJAnI, anuttaradarzI, anuttara- jJAna darzana ke dhartA, arhat-tattva ke vyAkhyAtA jJAtaputra vaizAlika ( tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ) ne aisA kahA hai / " pratyekabuddha-bhASita adhyayana bhI pratyekabuddha dvArA hI viracita ho, yaha bAta nahIM hai kyoMki AThaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA meM kahA hai ki vizuddha prajJA vAle kapilamuni ne isa prakAra dharma kahA hai| jo isakI samyak ArAdhanA kareMge, ve saMsAra samudra ko pAra kreNge| unake dvArA hI donoM loka ArAdhita hoNge| yadi unake dvArA racita hotA to isa prakAra kaise kahate / samvAda samutthita adhyayana nauveM aura teIsaveM adhyayanoM kA paryavekSaNa karane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ve nami rAjarSi aura kezI- gautama dvArA viracita nahIM hai / nauveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA hai-sambuddha, paNDita aura vicakSaNa puruSa isI prakAra bhogoM se nivRtta hote haiM jaise ki nami rAjarSi 13 teIsaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA hai ki 'samagra sabhA dharmacarcA se santuSTa huI / ataH sanmArga meM samupasthita usane bhagavAna kezI aura gautama kI stuti kI ki ve donoM prasanna raheM / sArAMza yaha hai ki niyuktikAra ne jo uttarAdhyayana ko kartRtva kI dRSTi se cAra vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA usakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra, kapila, nami aura kezI- gautama ke upadeza va saMvAdoM ko AdhAra banAkara ina adhyayanoM kI racanA huI hai| ina adhyayanoM ke racayitA kauna 1 evaM se udAhu aNuttaranANI aNuttaradaMsI aNuttaranANadaMsaNadhare / barahA nAyapute bhagavaM besAliye viyAhie | uttarA0 6 18 2 ii esa dhamme akare afvaleNaM ca visuddhapaneNaM / tarihinti je u kAhinti tehi ArAhiyA duve logA || 3 evaM karenti saMbuddhA paMDiyA paviyakkhaNA / viNiyanti bhogesu jahA se namI rAyarisi || 4 tosiyA parisA sadhyA sammaggaM samuvaTThiyA / saMyuyA te pasIyantu bhayavaM kesigoyame // -uttarA0 8 20 -uttarA0 6 / 62 --uttararA0 23386

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mila aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 285 haiM ? aura unhoMne kaba ina adhyayanoM kI racanA kI? isa prazna kA uttara na niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne diyA hai aura na cUrNikAra jinadAsa mahattara ne diyA hai aura na bRhadvRttikAra zAntyAcArya ne hI diyA hai| Adhunika vijJoM kA aisA mAnanA hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha uttarAdhyayana kisI eka vyakti vizeSa kI racanA nahIM hai apitu aneka sthavira muniyoM kI racanAoM kA saMkalana hai| uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyayana bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita haiM aura kucha adhyayana sthaviroM dvArA saMkalita haiN| kintu yaha nizcita hai ki devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke samaya taka uttarAdhyayana chattIsa adhyayana ke rUpa meM saMkalita ho cukA thaa| etadartha hI samavAyAMga meM chattIsa uttara-adhyayanoM ke nAma ullikhita hue haiN| viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayana dharmakathAtmaka, upadezAtmaka, AcArAtmaka aura saiddhAntika ina cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kie jA sakate haiN| jaise(1) dharmakathAtmaka---7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25 ra 27 (2) upadezAtmaka --1, 3, 4, 5, 6 aura 10 (3) AcArAtmaka-2, 11, 15, 16, 17, 24, 26, 32 aura 35 (4) saiddhAntika-28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34 aura 36 AryarakSita (vikrama kI prathama zatI) ne AgamoM ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyaa| usameM uttarAdhyayana ko dharmakathAnuyoga ke antargata ginA hai| hamArI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana meM dharmakathAnuyoga kI pradhAnatA hone se vargIkaraNa meM liyA gayA hogA kintu AcArAtmaka adhyayanoM ko caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM aura saiddhAntika adhyayanoM ko dravyAnuyoga meM sahaja rUpa se liyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana kA jo vartamAna rUpa hai usameM aneka anuyoga sammilita haiN| kucha Adhunika cintakoM kA yaha abhimata hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke pahale ke aThAraha adhyayana prAcIna haiM aura usake bAda ke aThAraha adhyayana 1 (ka) dekhie ---dasaveAliyaM taha uttarAyaNaM kI bhUmikA : AcArya tulsii| (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI bhUmikA : kavi amaramunijI / 2 atra dhammANuyogenAdhikAraH - uttarAdhyayanapUrNi, pR.6

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286 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA arvAcIna haiM kintu apane mantavya ko siddha karane ke lie unhoMne koI pramANa nahIM diye haiN| kucha vidvAna yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki aThAraha adhyayana to arvAcIna nahIM hai, hA~ kucha adhyayana unameM se arvAcIna ho sakate haiN| jaise ikattIsaveM adhyayana meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAGga Adi prAcIna nAmoM ke sAtha dazAzrutaskandha, vRhatkalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha jaise arvAcIna AgamoM ke nAma bhI milate haiM, jo zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu dvArA niyUMr3ha yA kRta haiM, jinakA samaya vIra-nirvANa kI dUsarI zatI hai ataH prastuta adhyayana kI racanA bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt kI honI caahie| antakRtdazAMga Adi prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke caudaha pUrva, gyAraha aMga, yA bAraha aMgoM ke adhyayana kA varNana milatA hai, aMgabAhya yA prakIrNaka zruta ke adhyayana kA varNana upalabdha nahIM hotA kintu uttarAdhyayana ke aTThAisaveM adhyayana meM aMga aura aMgabAhya-ina do prAcIna vibhAgoM ke atirikta gyAraha aMga, prakIrNaka aura dRSTivAda kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| ataH prastuta adhyayana bhI uttarakAlIna Agama-vyavasthA ke sannikaTa kI racanA honI caahie| tevIsai sUyagaDe rUbAhiesu suresu a| je bhikkhU jayaI nimacaM se na acchAi maNDale / / paNavIsabhAvaNAhiM udde sesu dasAiNaM / je bhikkhU jayaI niccaM se na acchai maNDale / / aNagAraguNehiM ca pakappammi taheva ya / je bhikkhU jayaI niccaM se na acchai maNDale // -uttarA0 31416-17 2 (ka) vadAmi maddabAhu pAINaM carimasayalasuyaNANi / suttassa kAragamisiM dasAsu kappe ya vavahAre / -yazAtha taskanvaniyukti mA0 1 (kha) teNa bhagavatA AyArapakappa dasAkappa vavahArA va navamapubvanIsaMdabhUtA nijjuuddaa| ---paMcakalpabhASya gA0 23 cUNi 3 (ka) sAmAiyamAiyAI ekkArasaaMgAI ahijji| -antakRta prathama varga (kha) baarsNgii| --antakRtavazA, 4 varga, adhya01 (ga) sAmAiyamAiyAI coddasapubvAI ahijji| -antakRtavazA, 3 varga, a01 4 so hoi abhigamaruI, suyanANaM jeNa asthao ditttth| .. ekkArasa aMgAI, paiNNagaM diThivAo ya / / -uttarA0 2823

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 287 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki aTThAisaveM adhyayana meM dravya, guNa aura paryAya kI jo saMkSipta paribhASAe~ dI gaI haiM vaisI paribhASAe~ prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM nahIM miltiiN| vahA~ para vivaraNAtmaka artha kI pradhAnatA hai, ataH yaha adhyayana arvAcIna pratIta hotA hai| digambara sAhitya meM bhI uttarAdhyayana kI viSaya-vastu kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai dhavalA meM likhA hai-uttarAdhyayana meM udgama, utpAdana aura eSaNA se sambandhita doSoM ke prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna hai aura uttarAdhyayana uttarapadoM kA varNana karatA hai| aMgapaNNattI meM varNana hai ki bAIsa parISahoM aura cAra prakAra ke upasoM ke sahana kA vidhAna, usakA phala tathA prastuta prazna kA yaha uttara hai| yaha uttarAdhyayana kA pratipAdya viSaya hai| harivaMza purANa meM AcArya jinasena ne likhA hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM vIra-nirvANa gamana kA varNana hai|" 1 tavya-guNANamAsao davvaM (dravya guNoM kA Azraya hai) tulanA kareMkriyAguNavat samavAyikAraNamiti dravya lakSaNam / -vaizeSikadarzana pra0a0 prathama Ahnika sUtra 15 2 guNa-egadabasiyA guNA / tulanA kareM-- dravyAzrayyaguNavAn saMyogavimAgeSvakAraNamanapekSa iti guNalakSaNam / -ze0 varzana pra0 a0 prathama Anhika sU0 16 3 paryAya-lakhaNaM pajjavANaM tu umao assiyA bhave / -- uttarAdhyayana tulanA kareM-ekadravyamaguNaM saMyogavimAgeSvanapekSakAraNamiti karma lakSaNam / -vaize0 1117 4 uttarajjhayaNaM uggammuppAyaNesaNadosagayapAyacchittavihANaM kAlAdi visesida vnnnnedi| -dhavalA patra 545 hastalikhita prati 5 uttarajjhayaNaM uttarapadANi vnnnne|| -dhavalA pR017 (sahAranapura prati) 6 uttarANi ahijjati uttarAyaNaM padaM jiNidehi / bAvIsaparIsahANaM uvasaggANaM ca sahaNavihiM / / vaNNedi tapphalamavi, evaM paNhe ca uttaraM evaM / kahadi gurusIsadhANa paiNNiya aTThamaM tu khu // -aMgapaNNattI 325-26 7 uttarAdhyayanaM vIra-nirvANagamanaM tthaa| -harivaMzapurANa 11134

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288 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA digambara sAhitya meM jo uttarAdhyayana kI viSaya-vastu kA nirdeza hai vaha varNana vartamAna meM upalabdha uttarAdhyayana meM nahIM hai| AMzika rUpa se aMgapaNNattI kA viSaya milatA hai,jaise (1) bAIsa pariSahoM ke sahana karane kA varNana-dUsare adhyayana meM / (2) praznoM ke uttara-untIsA adhyayana / prAyazcitta kA vidhAna aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA varNana uttarAdhyayana meM prApta nahIM hai| yaha ho sakatA hai ki ina lekhakoM ko uttarAdhyayana kI prati prApta nahIM huI ho aura bhrAnta anuzruti ke AdhAra para aisA likha diyA ho athavA unheM uttarAdhyayana kA anya saMskaraNa prApta huA ho| tattvArtharAjavArtika meM uttarAdhyayana ko ArAtIya AcAryoM (gaNadharoM ke pazcAt ke AcAryoM) kI racanA mAnA hai|' samavAyAMga aura uttarAdhyayana niyukti Adi meM uttarAdhyayana kI jo viSaya-sUcI dI gaI hai vaha uttarAdhyayana meM jyoM kI tyoM prApta hotI hai / ataH yaha asaMdigdha rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana kI viSaya-vastu prAcIna hai| vIra-nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI meM dazavakAlika sUtra kI racanA ho cukI thii| uttarAdhyayana dazavakAlika ke pahale kI racanA hai, vaha AcArAMga ke pazcAt par3hA jAtA thA, ataH isakI saMkalanA bIranirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvAddhaM meM hI ho cukI thii| kyA uttarAdhyayana bhagavAna mahAvIra ko antima vANI hai? aba prazna yaha hai ki kyA uttarAdhyayana bhagavAna mahAvIra kI antima vANI hai ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAha svAmI ne kalpasUtra meM likhA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kalyANaphala-vipAka vAle pacapana adhyayanoM aura pApa-phala vAle pacapana adhyayanoM evaM chattIsa apRSTa-vyAkaraNoM kA vyAkaraNa kara pradhAna nAmaka adhyayana kA prarUpaNa karate-karate siddha-buddha-mukta ho gye| 1 yad gaNadharaziSyapraziSyarArAtIyairadhigatazrutArtha tattvaH kAladoSAdalpamedhAyurbalAnAM prANinAmagrahArthamupanibaddhaM saMkSiptAMgarthavacanavinyAsaM tadaMgabAhyam""tabhedA uttarAdhyayanAdayo'nekavidhAH -tasvArthavArtika 020pR075 2 samavAyAMga 36vAM samavAya / uttarAdhyayananiyukti 18-26 kalpasUtra 146, pR0 210 devendra muni sampAdita /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 286 isI AdhAra se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki chattIsa apRSTa-vyAkaraNa uttarAdhyayana ke hI chattIsa adhyayana haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA se bhI prastuta kathana kA samarthana hotA hai ii pAukare buddhe nAyae prinivvue| chattIsaM uttarajjhAe, bhvsiddhiiysNme|| jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne isa gAthA kA artha isa prakAra kiyA haijJAtakUla meM utpanna varddhamAna svAmI chattIsa uttarAdhyayanoM kA prakAzana yA prajJApana kara parinirvANa ko prApta hue| zAntyAcArya ne apanI vRhadvatti meM uttarAdhyayanacUNi kA anusaraNa karake bhI apanI ora se do bAteM aura milAI haiN| pahalI bAta yaha ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyayana artha-rUpa meM aura kucha adhyayana sUtra rUpa meM prarUpita kiye| dUsarI bAta unhoMne parinirvatta kA vaikalpika artha svasthIbhUta kiyA hai| niyukti meM ina adhyayanoM ko jina-prajJapta likhA hai|' vRhadvatti meM jina zabda kA artha zrutajina-zrutakevalI kiyA hai / niyuktikAra kA abhimata hai ki chattIsa adhyayana zrutakevalI prabhati sthaviroM dvArA prarUpita hai| unhoMne niyukti meM isa sambandha meM koI carcA nahIM kI hai ki yaha bhagavAna ne antima dezanA meM kahA hai| vahadvRttikAra bhI isa sambandha meM sandigdha haiN| kevala cUrNikAra ne apanA spaSTa mantavya vyakta kiyA hai| samavAyAGga meM chattIsa apRSTa-vyAkaraNoM kA koI bhI ullekha nahIM hai| vahA~ itanA hI sUcana hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra antima rAtri ke samaya pacapana kalyANaphala-vipAka vAle adhyayanoM tathA pacapana pApa-phala vipAka vAle adhyayanoM kA vyAkaraNa kara parinirvatta he| chattIsaveM samavAya meM 1 uttarAdhyayanacUNi pR0 283 / 2 uttarAdhyayana vRhavRtti patra 712 / 3 athavA pAukare tti prAdurakArSIt prakAzitavAn, zeSaM pUrvavat, navaraM 'parinirvRtaH' krodhAdidahanopazamataH samantAtsvasthIbhUtaH / -yahavRtti patra 712 4 tamhA jiNapannatte, aNaMtagamapajjavehi saMjutte / ajjhAe jahAjogaM, gurupasAyA ahijjhijjaa|| -uttarA0 niyukti gA0 556 5 tassAjjinaH zrutajinAdibhiH prarUpitAH -uttarAdhyayana vahadavRtti patra 713 6 samavAyAMga 55

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260 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bhI jahA~ para uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsa adhyayanoM kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai vahA~ para bhI isa sambandha meM koI carcA nahIM hai / uttarAdhyayana ke aThArahaveM adhyayana kI caubIsavIM gAthA ke prathama do caraNa ve hI haiM jo chattIsaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA ke haiN| dekhie - ss pAukare buddhe, nAyae parinibbuDe / vijAcaraNasampanne, sacce saccaparakkame // te pAukare buddhe nAyae parinibbue / chatIsaM uttarajhAe bhavasiddhIyasaMmae // uttarA0 18 / 24 uttarA0 36 / 266 vRhadvRttikAra ne aThArahaveM adhyayana kI caubIsavIM gAthA ke pUrvArddha kA jo artha kiyA hai vahI artha chattIsaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA kA kiyA jAya to usase yaha phalita nahIM hotA ki jJAtaputra mahAvIra chattIsa adhyayanoM kA prajJApana kara parinirvANa ko prApta hue| vahIM para artha hai- buddha avagata tattva, parinirvRtta-zItIbhUta jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne isa tatva kA prajJApana kiyA hai / " uttarAdhyayana kA gaharAI se adhyayana karane se spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA saMguMphana samyak prakAra se huA hai / yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA Agama hai| isameM jIva, ajIva, karmavAda, SaTdravya, navatastva, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI paramparA prabhRti sabhI viSayoM kA samucita rUpa se pratipAdana huA hai| kevala dharmakathAnuyoga kA hI nahIM apitu cAroM anuyogoM kA madhura saMgama huA hai / ata: yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA Agama hai| isameM vItarAga vANI kA vimala pravAha pravAhita hai| isake artha ke prarUpaka bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM kintu sUtra ke racayitA sthavira hone se ise aMgabAhya AgamoM meM rakhA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana zabdataH bhagavAna mahAvIra kI antima dezanA hI hai yaha sAdhikAra to nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki 1 ityevaMrUpaM 'pAukare' ti prAdurakArSIt prakaTitavAn 'buddha:' avagatatattvaH san jJAta eva jJAtaka: jagatpratItaH kSatriyo vA sa ceha prastAvAnmahAbIra eva parinirvRtaH kaSAyAnala vidhyApanAtsamantAcchItIbhUtaH / - uttarAdhyayana vRhadvRtti patra 444

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 261 kalpasUtra meM uttarAdhyayana ko apRSTa-vyAkaraNa arthAt binA kisI ke pUche svataH kathana kiyA huA zAstra batAyA hai kintu vartamAna ke uttarAdhyayana meM Aye hue kezI-gautamIya, samyaktva-parAkrama adhyayana jo praznottara zailI meM haiM ve cintakoM ko cintana ke lie avazya hI prerita karate haiN| kezIgautamIya adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jisa bhakti aura zraddhA ke sAtha gauravapUrNa ullekha hai vaha bhagavAna svayaM apane lie kisa prakAra kaha sakate haiN| ata: aisA pratIta hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM kucha aMza sthaviroM ne apanI ora se saMkalita kiyA ho| aura una prAcIna aura arvAcIna adhyayanoM ko vIra nirvANa kI eka sahasrAbdI ke pazcAt devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne saMkalana kara use eka rUpa diyA ho| viSaya-vastu bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se yaha prAcIna hai| isakI vistRta carcA zArapenTiyara, jekobI aura vinTaranitja prabhRti vidvAnoM ne kI hai| prastuta grantha ke aneka sthaloM kI tulanA bauddhoM ke suttanipAta, jAtaka aura dhammapada Adi se kI jA sakatI hai| jaise rAjA nami ko bauddha sAhitya meM pratyekabuddha mAnakara usakI kaThora tapasyA kA varNana kiyA hai / harikezamUni kI kathA kucha prakArAntara se mAtaMga jAtaka meM milatI hai| citta-saMbhUta kI kathA kI tulanA cittasaMbhUta jAtaka se kI jA sakatI hai| iSukAra kathA kI tulanA hasthipAra jAtaka meM varNita kathA se ho sakatI hai| pratyekabuddhoM kI kathA kumbhakAra jAtaka meM kahI gaI hai| mRgAputra kI kathA bhI kucha prakArAntara se bauddha sAhitya meM AtI hai| isI prakAra isa Agama ke subhASita va saMvAda bhI bauddha granthoM meM milate haiN| jo isakI prAcInatA ko siddha karate haiN|' uttarAdhyayana meM 36 adhyayana haiN| upalabdha mUlapATha 2100 zloka pramANa haiM / 1656 padyasUtra haiM aura 86 gadyasUtra haiN| uttarAdhyayana kA prathama adhyayana 'vinaya' hai| vinaya kA artha anuvartana, pravartana, anuzAsana, zuzrUSA aura ziSTAcAra kA paripAlana hai| 1 (ka) dasaveAliyaM taha uttarajjhayaNANi kI bhUmikA (AcAryazrI tulasI) (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra-upAdhyAya amaramuni kI bhUmikA 2 vinTaranitjaH hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara, mAga 2, pR0 467-8 /

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262 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA etadarthaM hI use jinazAsana kA mUla kahA hai| vinaya kevala mAnasika AsthA nahIM varan Atmika aura vyAvahArika vizeSatAoM kI abhivyaMjanA hai| jo guru kI AjJA kA pAlana karatA ho, guru ke samIpa rahatA ho, guru ke iMgita aura manobhAvoM ko jAnatA ho vaha vinIta hai| jaise mariyala ghor3e ko bAra-bAra kor3e lagAne kI AvazyakatA hotI hai kintu acchI nasla kA ghor3A cAbuka dekhate hI sahI mArga para calane lagatA hai vaise hI vinIta sAdhaka mariyala ghor3e kI taraha nahIM kintu AkIrNa ghor3e kI taraha iMgita mAtra se hI samajhakara pApakarma tyAga detA hai / apanI AtmA kA damana karake jisane apanI AtmA ko vaza meM kara liyA hai vaha ihaloka aura paraloka donoM meM sukhI hotA hai / kadAcit AcArya kruddha ho jAya to unheM premapUrvaka prasanna karanA caahiye| hAtha jor3akara unakI krodhAgni ko zAnta karanA cAhie aura unheM yaha vizvAsa dilAnA cAhiye ki bhaviSya meM vaha aisA kArya kabhI na karegA / jo sahA jAtA hai dvitIya adhyayana meM parISaha kA varNana hai| vaha parISaha hai / sahane ke do prayojana haiM -- ( 1 ) sukRtamArga se cyuta na hone ke lie aura (2) karmoM ko kSINa karane ke lie| jo kaSTa icchA se jhelA jAtA hai vaha kAyakleza hai aura icchA ke binA hI prApta hotA hai vaha parISaha hai / parISaha sahane se ahiMsAdi dharmoM kI surakSA hotI hai / parISaha 22 haiM - kSudhA, pipAsA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, acela (vastra rahita honA), arati (aprIti), strI, caryA (gamana), niSadyA ( baiThanA ), zayyA, Akroza (kaThora vacana), vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, jalla (mala), satkAra puraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura darzana / taposAdhanA ke kAraNa sAdhaka kI bAhu-jaMdhA kRza ho jAya, zarIra kI pratyeka nasa dikhAI dene lage tathApi bhojana-pAna ke lie bhikSu dInavRtti nahIM krtaa| vaha tRSA se pIr3ita hone para bhI sacitta jala kA upayoga nahIM 1 appA ceva dameyavvo, appA daMto suhI hoi tulanA kIjie-- attA hi attano nAtho attanA hi sudantena appA hu khalu duddmo| assiM loe paratya ya // - uttarA0 a0 1 gA0 15 ko hi nAtho paro siyA / nAthaM labhati dullabhaM // dhammapada 124

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 263 krtaa| sardI se ThiThuratA huA bhI agni kI icchA nahIM krtaa| DAMsamacchara use apAra kaSTa de rahe hoM tathApi unheM kisI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM phuNcaataa| sAdhaka sabhI parISahoM meM dRr3hatApUrvaka Atmacintana karatA rahatA hai| tRtIya 'caturaMgIya' adhyayana meM mAnavatA, dharmazravaNa, zraddhA va tapasaMyama meM puruSArtha ina cAra durlabha aMgoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| caturtha 'asaMskRta' adhyayana kI 13 gAthAoM meM saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA pratipAdana karake bhAraMDapakSI kI taraha apramatta rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| jIvana asaMskRta hai, isakA saMdhAna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ata: pramAda kA parityAga karanA caahiye| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA parityAga karanA caahie| pA~cavA~ adhyayana 'akAmamaraNIya' hai / niyukti meM isakA dUsarA nAma 'maraNavibhakti' milatA hai| jIvana kI bhAMti mRtyU bhI kalA hai| jina logoM ko yaha kalA nahIM AtI ve sadA ke lie apane pIche dUSita vAtAvaraNa chor3a jAte haiM / ata: maraNaviveka Avazyaka hai| maraNa-akAmamaraNa aura sakAmamaraNa rUpa meM do prakAra kA hai| sadasat viveka se zUnya mUr3ha puruSoM kA maraNa akAmamaraNa hai jo puna:-punaH hotA hai| vivekI puruSoM kA maraNa sakAmamaraNa hai jo eka hI bAra hotA hai / isa sakAmamaraNa ko samAdhimaraNa aura paMDitamaraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| chaThA 'kSullaka nirgranthIya' adhyayana hai| isameM nigraMtha ke bAhya aura Abhyantara grantha tyAga kA saMkSipta nirUpaNa hai| nirgrantha zabda jainaparamparA kA viziSTa zabda rahA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI isakA ullekha hai / grantha ko trANa mAnanA avidyA hai| samavAyAMga meM isa adhyayana kA nAma 'puruSavidyA' milatA hai| isa nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra prastuta adhyayana kI prathama gAthA 'jAvaMta'vijjApurisA' hai| - sAtavAM adhyayana 'elaya (urabbhiya) hai| elaya aura urabbhiya kA artha hai bkraa| isa adhyayana meM pAMca kathAoM kA nirUpaNa hai| jaise (1) koI vyakti atithi ke lie bakare ko cAvala aura yava (jo) khilAkara hRSTa-puSTa banAtA hai| jaba taka atithi nahIM AtA taba taka vaha prANa dhAraNa karatA hai / atithi ke Ate hI loga use mArakara khA jAte haiN| (2) jaise kAkiNI (rupaye kA 100vA~ bhAga) ke lie kisI manuSya ne hajAroM suvarNa

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264 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA mudrAe~ kho diiN| (3) kisI rAjA ne apathya AhAra karake apanA sArA rAjya kho diyA / ( 4 ) manuSya jIvana ke sukha osakaNa kI taraha alpa aura kSaNika haiM aura divyasukha sAgara ke samAna vizAla aura sthAyI haiM / (5) pitA kA Adeza pAkara tIna putra vyApAra karane gye| eka vyApAra meM bahuta dhana kamAkara lauttaa| dUsarA jaise gayA thA, vaise hI mUla pU~jI bacAkara lauTa aayaa| tIsarA jo pU~jI lekara gayA thA, vaha bhI kho aayaa| AThavA~ adhyayana 'kApilIya' hai / kapila lobha se virakta hokara muni banatA hai| coroM ne use ghera liyaa| usa samaya usane saMgItAtmaka upadeza diyaa| usI kA isameM saMgraha hai| kapilamuni ke dvArA yaha gAyA gayA hai ata: ise kApilIya kahA gayA hai / sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi meM ise geya mAnA hai| nAma ke do prakAra hote haiM-nirdezya arthAt viSaya ke AdhAra para aura nirdezaka (vaktA) ke AdhAra para isa adhyayana kA nAma nirdezakaparaka hone se kApilIya rakkhA hai| lobha kisa prakAra bar3hatA hai, isakA anubhUta citra isameM khIMcA gayA hai| jyoM-jyoM lAbha hotA hai tyoM-tyoM lobha bar3hatA hai| do mAzA sone kI icchA eka karor3a se bhI pUrI nahIM huI / navA~ adhyayana 'namipravrajyA' hai| zramaNamuni vahI banatA hai jise bodhiprApta ho / ve tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - (1) jo svayaM bodhi prApta karate haiM unheM svayaMbuddha kahA jAtA hai| (2) jo kisI eka ghaTanA ke nimitta se bodhi prApta karate haiM unheM pratyekabuddha kahA jAtA hai| (3) jo bodhiprApta vyaktiyoM ke upadeza se bodhi prApta karate haiM unheM buddhabodhita kahate haiN| prastuta sUtra meM tInoM kA varNana hai / [ svayaMbuddha kapila (8), pratyekabuddha nami (e) aura buddhabodhita saMjaya (18 vAM adhyayana ) ] isa adhyayana meM pravrajyA ke lie abhiniSkramaNa karane vAle rAjarSi nami kA brAhmaNavezadhArI indra ke sAtha AdhyAtmika saMvAda hai| usameM pravrajyA ke samaya uThane vAle sAmAnya vyakti ke mAnasika antardvandva kA bahuta hI sundara citraNa hai / prastuta saMvAda meM nami kI pravrajyA kA varNana hone se isakA nAma namipravrajyA hai | anyAnya AzramoM se saMnyAsa ko zreSTha kahA hai| dAna se saMyama zreSTha hai Adi kA sphuTa nirdeza hai| dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'drumapatraka' hai| Adya padya ke AdhAra se isakA nAma rakhA gayA hai jisakA artha hai vRkSa kA pakA huA pattA / jaise vRkSa kA pIlA par3A huA pattA samaya vyatIta hone para svayaM hI jhar3a kara gira

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aMgabAhya Amama sAhitya 265 jAtA hai vaise hI manuSya kA jIvana bhI kSaNabhaMgura hai| jaise kUza ke agrabhAga para sthita osa kI bindu kSaNasthAyI hai vaise hI manuSya kA jIvana bhI kSaNabhaMgura hai| manuSyabhava durlabha hai, jo jIvoM ko aneka bhavoM ke bAda prApta hotA hai| karmoM kA vipAka ghora hotA hai ataH he gautama ! kSaNamAtra kA bhI pramAda na kara / jIva paMcendriya kI pUrNatA prApta kara sakatA hai kintu usase utpanna dharmazravaNa durlabha hai / terA zarIra jarjarita ho rahA hai, keza paka gaye haiM, indriyoM kI zakti kSINa ho gaI hai isalie kSaNabhara bhI pramAda na kr| arati, gaMDa-phor3A, phusI, visUcikA Adi aneka rogoM kA bhaya sadA banA rahatA hai aura AzaMkA banI rahatI hai ki kahIM koI vyAdhi khar3I na ho jAya yA mRtyu na A jAya / isalie kSaNamAtra kA bhI pramAda na kara / isa prakAra chattIsa bAra prastuta adhyayana meM gautama ke bahAne sabhI sAdhakoM ko AtmasAdhanA meM kSaNamAtra kA bhI pramAda na karane kA saMdeza bhagavAna ne diyA hai| isa prakAra yaha antarmana ke jAgaraNa kA mahAn udghoSa hai jo pratyeka sAdhaka ke lie jyotistambha ke samAna hai| gyArahaveM adhyayana meM bahuzruta kI bhAvapUjA kA nirUpaNa hai / yahA~ para bahuzruta kA pramukha artha caturdazapUrvI hai| yaha sArA pratipAdana unhIM se sambandhita hai| bahuzruta ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa tIna bheda kahe haiN| jaghanya nizItha kA jJAtA, madhyama nizItha se lekara 14 pUrvo se kama kA jJAtA aura utkRSTa 14 puurvii| bahuzratatA kA pramukha kAraNa vinaya hai| isI kA zruta phalavAna hotA hai / stabdhatA, krodha, pramAda, roga aura Alasya ye pAMca zikSA ke vighna haiN| inakI tulanA hama yogamArga ke 6 vighnoM se kara sakate haiN| jo sadA gurukula meM rahakara yoga aura tapa sAdhanA karatA hai, priyakArI hai aura priya vacana bolatA hai vaha zikSA kA adhikArI hai| jaise meru parvatoM meM mahAna hai vaise bahuzruta jJAnI puruSoM meM sarvazreSTha hai| bArahaveM adhyayana meM muni harikezI kA varNana hai| cAMDAla kula meM utpanna harikezabalamuni bhikSA ke lie brAhmaNoM kI yajJazAlA meM phuNce| tapa se kRza, vastroM se malina, unheM AtA huA dekhakara aziSTa loga haMsane lge| ve jAtimada se unmatta banakara asaMyamI-abrahmacArI brAhmaNa muni ko lakSya karake kahane lage---'yaha vIbhatsa rUpa vAlA vikarAla malina vastradhArI maile-kUcale vastroM ko apane gale meM lapeTe hae pizAca-sA kyoM A rahA hai? are ! badasUrata tU kauna hai ? kisa AzA se AyA hai ? ai malina vastradhArI

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296 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pizAca ! tu yahA~ se calA jA-yahA~ para kyoM khar3A hai ?' yaha sunakara tinduka vRkSa para rahane vAlA yakSa anukaMpA se mahAmuni ke zarIra meM praviSTa hokara bolA-'maiM zramaNa hU~, brahmacArI hU~, dhana-sampatti aura parigraha se virakta hU~, isalie anuddiSTa bhojana grahaNa karane ke lie yahA~ AyA hai|' isa saMvAda meM dAna kA adhikArI, jAtivAda, yajJa, jalasnAna, tapa kA prakarSa Adi kI carcA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM mAtaMga jAtaka meM yaha kathA prakArAntara se milatI hai| terahaveM adhyayana meM citta aura saMbhUta nAma ke do bhAiyoM kI chaha janmoM kI pUrvakathA kA saMketa hai| isalie isakA nAma 'cittasaMbhUtIya hai| puNyakarma ke nidAna bandha ke kAraNa saMbhUta ke jIva (brahmadatta cakravartI) kA patana tathA saMyamI cittamuni kA utthAna batAkara jIvoM ko dharmAbhimukha hone kA tathA usake phala kI abhilASA na karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| sAtha meM yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai ki koI vyakti yadi sAdhudharma kA pAlana na kara sake to use gRhasthadharma kA pAlana to avazya karanA cAhiye / caudahaveM adhyayana meM chaha pAtra haiN| bhRgu purohita, purohitAnI aura unake do lar3ake aura raajaa-raanii| kintu rAjA kI laukika pradhAnatA ke kAraNa isakA nAma 'ikSukArIya' rakkhA gayA hai / isa adhyayana kA pratipAdya hai 'anyatva bhAvanA kA upadeza / ' vaidika mAnyatA thI ki putra ke binA gati nahIM hotI-'aputrasya gatirnAsti svargo naiva ca naiva ca / ' logoM kA isa kathana meM vizvAsa thaa| putrotpatti jIvana kI mahAn saphalatA bana gaI thI aura adhyAtma ke prati udAsInatA chA rahI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isakA khaNDana kiyA ki putra zaraNadAtA hai| unhoMne batAyA ki dharma hI AtmA kA saccA saMrakSaka hai| prastuta adhyayana meM bhRgu purohita brAhmaNa saMskRti kA pratinidhi hai aura usake putra zramaNa saMskRti ke / brAhmaNa saMskRti para zramaNa saMskRti kI vijaya batAI gaI hai| donoM saMskRtiyoM kI mAnyatAoM kI maulika carcA bhI isameM AI hai| bauddha sAhitya meM hastipAla jAtaka meM kucha parivartana ke sAtha isa kathA kA nirUpaNa huA hai| pandrahaveM adhyayana meM bhikSu ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM aneka dArzanika aura sAmAjika tathyoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| jo rAga se uparata hai, saMyama meM tatpara hai, Asrava se virata hai, zAstroM kA jJAtA hai, AtmarakSaka evaM prAjJa hai, rAgadveSa ko parAjita kara sabhI ko apane samAna

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 297 dekhatA hai, jo kisI bhI vastu meM Asakta nahIM hotA vaha bhikSu hai| jo bhikSu satkAra, pUjA, baMdanA taka nahIM cAhatA vaha kisI kI prazaMsA kI apekSA kaise karegA? jo saMyata hai, tapasvI hai, suvratI, nirmala AcAra se yukta hai, jo AtmA kI khoja meM lagA rahatA hai vaha bhikSu hai / Agamayuga meM kucha zramaNa aura brAhmaNa maMtra, cikitsA Adi kA prayoga karate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne usakA pUrNa niSedha kiyA hai| AjIvika Adi zramaNa vidyAoM kA prayoga kara AjIvikA calAte the| usase AkarSaNa aura vikarSaNa donoM hote the| sAdhanA bhaMga hotI thii| bhagavAna ne ina vidyA-prayogoM se AjIvikA calAne kA niSedha kiyaa| . solahaveM adhyayana meM brahmacarya samAdhi kA nirUpaNa hone se isakA nAma brahmacaryasamAdhisthAna rakhA gayA hai| isameM 10 samAdhisthAnoM kA bahuta hI manovaijJAnika DhaMga se nirUpaNa haA hai| zayana-Asana, kAmakathA, strI-puruSa kA eka Asana para baiThanA, cakSugRddhi, zabdagRddhi, pUrva krIr3A kA smaraNa, sarasa AhAra, atimAtrA meM AhAra, vibhUSA, indriya viSayoM kI Asakti, ye brahmacaryasAdhanA ke vighna haiM / veda-upaniSadoM meM brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie aise zRkhalAbaddha niyamoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI isa prakAra kA brahmacarya sambandhI koI vyavasthita krama nahIM miltaa| kintu prakIrNaka rUpa se kucha niyama milate haiN| vahA~ rUpa ke prati Asakti bhAva ko dUra karane ke lie azuci bhAvanA ke cintana kA maMtra mAnya rahA hai jo kAmagatA-smRti ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| jaba hama anya aneka paraMparAoM ke saMbaMdha meM daza samAdhisthAnoM kA adhyayana karate haiM to isakI maulikatA kA spaSTa parijJAna hotA hai| satrahavAM adhyayana pApazramaNIya hai / zramaNa banane ke pazcAt sAdhaka ko apanA jIvana sAdhanAmaya vyatIta karanA caahiye| jo sAdhaka aisA nahIM karatA baha pApazramaNa hai| zramaNa banane kA lakSya kevala veza-parivartana nahIM kintu jIvana-parivartana hai| jo zramaNa hokara sadA nidrAzIla rahatA hai, yatheccha khA-pIkara so jAtA hai vaha pApazramaNa hai| jo zAMta hue vivAda ko puna: ubhAr3atA hai, adharma meM apanI prajJA kA hanana karatA hai, jo kadAgraha aura kalaha meM vyasta hai vaha pApazramaNa hai| jo pratilekhana nahIM karatA, guruoM kI AjJA kA pAlana nahIM karake avahelanA karatA hai vaha pApazramaNa hai| ata: sAdhaka ko doSoM kA parityAga kara vratoM ko grahaNa karanA caahiye|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aThArahaveM adhyayana meM rAjarSi saMjaya kA varNana hai / vaha kAMpilya nagara kA rAjA thaa| zikAra ke lie eka bAra vaha jaMgala meM gyaa| vaha hiranoM kA pIchA kara unheM bANoM se mAra rahA thaa| kucha dUra Age bar3hane para mRta hiranoM ke pAsa hI muni ko dhyAnastha dekhaa| rAjA ne socA ye hirana muni ke haiM jo maiMne mAra DAle haiN| yadi muni kruddha ho jAyeMge to jalA kara lAkhoM-karor3oM vyaktiyoM ko bhasma kara deNge| rAjA bhaya se kA~pakara muni se kSamAyAcanA karane lgaa| muni gardabhAlI ne dhyAna kholakara kahA - 'merI ora se tumheM abhaya hai para dUsaroM ko bhI tuma abhaya dene vAle bno| jinake lie tuma yaha anartha kara rahe ho ve tumheM bacA nahIM sakeMge / ' muni ke upadeza se rAjA saMjaya muni bana gyaa| eka bAra saMjaya muni kA eka kSatriya rAjarSi ke sAtha saMvAda hotA hai| isa saMvAda meM bharata, sagara, madhavA, sanatkumAra, zAntinAtha, kuMthunAtha, aranAtha, mahApadma, hariSeNa aura jaya nAmaka cakravartiyoM tathA dazArNabhadra, nami, karakaNDU, dvimukha, nagnajit, uddAyana, kAzIrAja, vijaya aura mahAbala nAmaka rAjAoM ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai / unnIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'mRgAputrIya' hai| rAjakumAra mRgAputra apanI patniyoM ke sAtha mahala ke gavAkSa meM baiThA huA nagara kI zobhA ko nihAra rahA thaa| usakI dRSTi eka tejasvI santa para jA TikI / vaha maMtra - mugdha sA dekhatA rahA / use pUrvabhava kI smRti ho aaii| bhoga use roga pratIta hue| mAtA-pitA se vaha pravrajyA kI bAta karatA hai aura ve use samajhAne kA prayatna karate hue kahate haiM ki sAghu jIvana bahuta duSkara aura kaThora hotA hai / lohe ke jo cabAne ke samAna hai| tuma sAdhu jIvana kI kaThora caryA sahana nahIM kara sakoge kyoMki tuma sukumAra ho / mRgAputra ne kahA- pUrva janma meM naraka kI bhayaMkara vedanAe~ parataMtra va asahAya sthiti meM kitanI hI bAra sahana kI haiN| mAtA-pitA - sAdhu jIvana meM tumhArA kauna dhyAna rakhegA ? bImAra hone para kauna tumhArI cikitsA karegA ? mRgAputra ne kahA- jaMgala meM mRga rahate haiM, jaba bImAra ho jAte haiM to unakI dekhabhAla kauna karatA hai ? jisa prakAra vana ke mRga kisI bhI prakAra kI vyavasthA ke binA svataMtra jIvanayApana karate haiM usI prakAra maiM bhI rahU~gA / saMbhavataH mRgacaryA kA ullekha hone se isa adhyayana kA nAma samavAyAMga meM mRgacaryA diyA hai| mRgAputra kI pradhAnatA hone se bAda meM mRgAputrIya nAma ho gayA ho aisA pratIta hotA hai| Satara adhyayana kA nAma 'mahAnirgranthIya' hai / isameM anAthI muni aura 268

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 266 rAjA zreNika ke bIca hue rocaka saMvAda kA varNana hai| anAthI muni kI pravrajyA kA vizeSarUpa se varNana hone se saMbhavata: samavAyAMga meM isa adhyayana kA nAma 'anAthapravrajyA' diyA ho| prastuta Agama meM 'mahAnigraMthIya' nAma milatA hai| usakA saMketa isa adhyayana kI do gAthAoM meM hai| mahAnirgrantha kA artha sarvavirata sAdhu hai| kSullaka nirgranthIya adhyayana kA hI vizeSa rUpa se varNana hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma 'mahAnirgranthIya' hai| ...ikkIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'samudrapAlIya' hai| caMpAnagarI meM pAlita nAmaka eka vyApArI thA, jo mahAvIra kA bhakta thaa| vaha eka bAra vyApAra karatA huA pihuMDa nAmaka nagara meM phuNcaa| vahA~ kisI vaNikaputrI ke sAtha usakA vivAha huaa| jahAja dvArA ghara lauTate hue pAlita ke putra huA jisakA nAma samudra-pAlita rakkhA gayA / vaha samaya para 72 kalAoM meM niSNAta huaa| eka samaya aparAdhI ko le jAte hue dekhakara vaha socane lagA-acche karmoM kA phala acchA hotA hai| bure karmoM kA phala burA hotA hai| karmaphala kI gaharAI ko vaha socatA rahA aura usakA mana saMvega aura vairAgya se bhara gayA / usane munidIkSA lii| isameM sAdhu ke AMtarika AcAra ke sambandha meM varNana karate hue zAstrakAra ne kahA hai ki sAdhu priya aura apriya donoM bAtoM meM sama rhe| bAIsaveM adhyayana meM 'rathanemi' kA ullekha hai| isameM ariSTanemi, zrIkRSNa, rAjImatI, rathanemi Adi kA caritra-citraNa hai| rathanemi ne guphA meM rAjImatI ko dekhaa| usane vivAha kI bAta dohraaii| rAjImatI ne ne kahA-'rathanemi ! maiM tumhAre bhAI kI parityaktA hU~ aura tuma mujhase vivAha karanA cAhate ho? kyA yaha kArya vamana kiye ko puna: cATane ke samAna ghRNAspada nahIM hai ? tuma apane aura mere kUla ke gaurava ko smaraNa kro| isa prakAra ke aghaTita prastAva ko rakhate hue tumheM lajjA nahIM AtI?' rathanemi ko apanI bhUla samajha meM A gii| aMkuza dvArA jaise matta hAthI vaza meM A jAtA hai aura rAjapatha para cala par3atA hai vaise hI rathanemi bhI svastha hokara punaH apane saMyama patha para ArUr3ha ho gyaa| rAjImatI kA yaha bodha itanA 1 (ka) maggaM kusIlANa jahAya savvaM mahAniyaMThANa bae paheNaM / uttara0 2051 (kha) mahAniyaNThijjamiNaM mahAsuyaM se kAhae mahayA vitthareNaM / --uttara0 2053

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300 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dIptimAna hai jaise Aja hI diyA gayA ho| yaha vaha zAzvata satya hai jo kabhI dhUmila nahIM hogaa| teIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'kezIgautamIya hai| isameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke ziSya kezI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama ke bIca eka hI dharma meM sacela-acela, cAra mahAvrata aura pA~ca mahAvrata paraspara viparIta vividha dharma ke viSaya bheda ko lekara saMvAda hotA hai| isameM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki samaya ke anusAra bAhya AcaraNa meM parivartana kara liyA jAtA hai| yaha adhyayana kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| . . caubIsavA~ adhyayana 'samitIya' hai| nemicandravRtti meM isakA nAma 'pravacanamAtA' prApta hotA hai| isameM pravacanamAtA arthAt pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti kA varNana hai| mAM jaise putra kA lAlana-pAlana va rakSaNa karatI hai aura sanmArga para calane kI preraNA detI hai vaise hI pravacanamAtA sAdhaka ko sAdhanApatha para samyak vidhi se prayANa karane kI preraNA detI hai| paccIsavA~ adhyayana 'yajJIya' hai| bhAratavarSa ke dhArmika itihAsa meM yajJa-pUjA kA prArambha se mahattva rahA hai| mahAvIra ke samaya usakA prabhutva thaa| mahAvIra ne saccA yajJa kyA hai, saccA brAhmaNa kauna hotA hai yaha logoM ko smjhaayaa| prastuta adhyayana meM batAyA hai ki vArANasI nagarI meM jayaghoSa aura vijayaghoSa do bhAI the| ve kAzyapagotrI brAhmaNa the| eka bAra jayaghoSa gaMgA meM nahAne hetu gyaa| vahAM usane eka sarpa ko meMDhaka nigalate hue dekhaa| itane meM eka kurara pakSI AyA / usane sAMpa ko pkdd'aa| sAMpa ke muMha meM meMDhaka hai aura kurara ke mukha meM sA~pa hai| yaha dRzya dekhakara jayaghoSa virakta ho gayA aura vaha zramaNa bana gyaa| eka bAra jayaghoSa vArANasI meM bhikSA kI anveSaNA karate hue yajJamaMDapa meM phuNce| jahA~ vijayaghoSa aneka brAhmaNoM ke sAtha yajJa kara rahA thaa| tapa se jayaghoSa kA zarIra ati kSINa ho cukA thaa| vijayaghoSa use pahacAna na skaa| vijayaghoSa ne bhikSA dene se inkAra kiyaa| muni zAMta rahe aura bodha dene kI bhAvanA se kahA ki tumheM jAnanA cAhie ki jo tuma kara rahe ho vaha vAstavika yajJa nahIM hai| viSaya, kaSAya, vAsanAoM ko jJAnAgni meM DAlakara jalAnA saccA yajJa hai| sat-cAritra se saccA brAhmaNa hotA hai / jAti se hI koI mAnava brAhmaNa nahIM hotaa| muni ke upadeza se vijayaghoSa ko yathArtha jJAna huA aura vaha virakta hokara samyak

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agabAhya Agama sAhitya 301 AcaraNa se sampanna huaa| isa adhyayana meM brAhmaNa kI bar3I mArmika vyAkhyA kI gaI hai jo satya aura zAzvata hai| chabbIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'sAmAcArI hai| sAmAcArI kA artha hai samyaka vyvsthaa| isameM jIvana kI usa vyavasthA kA nirUpaNa hai jisameM sAdhaka ke paraspara ke vyavahAroM aura kartavyoM kA saMketa hai| sAmAcArI daza prakAra kI hai-AvazyakI, naiSedhikI, ApRcchanA, pratipRcchanA, chandanA, icchAkAra, mithyAkAra, tathetikAra, abhyutthAna aura upasampadA / isa adhyayana meM sAdhaka-jIvana kI kAlacaryA kA vibhAgazaH vidhAna kiyA hai| dina aura rAta ke kula milAkara 8 prahara hote haiN| unameM cAra prahara svAdhyAya ke haiM, do prahara dhyAna ke haiN| dina meM eka prahara bhikSA aura rAtri meM eka prahara nidrA ke lie hai| svAdhyAya aura dhyAna se nidrA svAbhAvika rUpa se kama ho jAtI hai| yaha jAgrata sAdhaka kA divya va bhavya sAdhanA krama hai| sattAisauM adhyayana 'khaluMkiya hai| khaluMkiya kA artha hai- duSTa baila / garga gotrIya 'gArgya' muni apane samaya ke yogya AcArya the / ve satata saMyamasAdhanA va svAdhyAya meM lIna rahate the| kintu unake ziSya udaMDa, svacchandI aura avinIta the| unake abhadra vyavahAra se apanI samatva sAdhanA meM vighna AtA dekhakara gAyaM ne unheM chor3a diyA kyoMki isake atirikta koI mArga na thaa| anuzAsanahIna avinIta ziSya usa duSTa baila kI taraha hai jo mArga meM gAr3I ko tor3a detA hai aura mAlika ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai| vaha bAta-bAta para AcArya ke sAtha lar3atA-jhagar3atA hai aura niMdA karatA hai| avinIta ziSyoM kA samparka hone para AcArya ke kartavya ko bhI isameM batAyA gayA hai| aTThAIsA adhyayana 'mokSamArga-gati' hai| samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra aura tapa mokSagati ke sAdhana haiN| ina sAdhanoM kI pUrNatA hI mokSa hai| navatattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa kI samyak zraddhA darzana hai| navatattvoM kA samyak bodha jJAna hai, rAgAdi AsravoM kA nigraha tathA saMvaraNa honA cAritra hai aura Atmonmukha tapanakriyArUpa viziSTa jIvana-zuddhi tapa hai| isase pUrva saMcita karmoM kA aMzata: nAza hotA hai| yaha kathana vyavahAra kI apekSA se hai / nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kI pratIti darzana, sva-rUpabodha jJAna aura svayaM meM svayaM kI saMlInatA cAritra evaM icchAnirodha tapa hai| prathama darzana, bAda meM jJAna aura tatpazcAt cAritra evaM tapa AtA hai| ina sabakI pUrNatA hone para mokSa hotA hai|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA untIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'samyaktva-parAkrama' hai| samavAyAMga meM isakA nAma apramAda hai / vidvAnoM kA aisA mantavya hai ki saMbhavataH yaha adhyana lupta ho gayA hogA evaM bAda meM navIna rUpa se isa adhyayana kA nirmANa huA hogaa| kyoMki isa adhyayana ke prArambha meM hI 'samyaktva - parAkrama' isa nAma kA ullekha hai / isa adhyayana meM saMvega, nirveda, dharmazraddhA, gurusAdharmika zuzrUSaNA, AlocanA, nindA garhA, sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava vandana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, Adi 73 sthAnoM kA praznottara rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha praznottaramAlA uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA sAra hai / ye bAteM adhyAtmabhAva ko atyanta gaharAI se sparza karane vAlI haiN| aredi adhyayana 'tapomArgagati' nAma kA hai| tapa eka divya rasAyana hai jo zarIra aura AtmA ke yaugika bhAvoM ko miTAkara AtmA ko apane mUlasvabhAva meM sthApita karatA hai| tapa mukti kA mArga hai| AtmA anAdi saMskAra ke kAraNa zarIra ke sAtha tAdAtmya rUpa ho gayA hai| tapa usa tAdAtmya ko tor3ane kA eka amogha upAya hai| prastuta adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki prANa vadha, mRSAvAda, adatta, maithuna, parigraha va rAtribhojana kI virati se jIva Asravarahita hotA hai aura pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti sahita, cAra kaSAyoM se rahita, jitendriya, nirabhimAnI, niHzalya jIva Asravarahita hotA hai / karor3oM bhavoM ke saMcita karma tapa se naSTa ho jAte haiN| vaha tapa bAhya aura AbhyaMtara rUpa se do prakAra kA hai / bAhya tapa ke anazana, UnodarI, bhikSAcaryA, rasaparityAga, kAyakleza, pratisaMlInatA ye chaha bheda haiM aura AbhyaMtara tapa ke prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga ye chaha bheda haiM / tapa ke pramukha bAraha bheda haiM aura unake avAntara aneka bheda haiM jinakA isa adhyayana meM vistAra se nirUpaNa hai / 302 ikatIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'caraNavidhi' hai / caraNavidhi kA artha hai- vivekamUlaka pravRtti | vivekamUlaka pravRtti hI saMyama hai aura avivekamUlaka pravRtti asaMyama hai| prathama gAthA meM cAritra kI vidhi kA varNana hone se isakA nAma caraNavidhi rakkhA gayA hai / AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha Adi se sAdhaka ko mukta rahanA caahiye| jo sAdhanA meM bAdhaka tattva haiM unakI sUcI isameM dI gaI hai aura sAdhaka ko unase bacane kI preraNA dI gaI hai / battIsaveM adhyayana meM pramAda ke sthAnoM kA varNana hone se isakA nAma 'pramAdasthAnIya' rakkhA gayA hai| sAdhanA meM pramAda sabase bar3A bAdhaka tattva

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 303 hai / ataH sAdhaka ko pramAdasthAnoM se satata sAvadhAna rahanA caahiye| gurujanoM aura vRddhoM kI sevA karanA, ajJAnI logoM ke samparka se dUra rahanA, svAdhyAya karanA, ekAnta meM nivAsa karanA, sUtra aura artha kA cintana karanA, dhairya rakhanA, yaha duHkha-mukti kA upAya hai| karma kA bIja rAga-dveSa hai| karma moha se utpanna hotA hai / vaha karma janma-maraNa kA mUla hai / ataH moha kA unmUlana karanA cAhie / jaise billI ke nivAsa sthAnoM ke pAsa cUhoM kA rahanA prazasta nahIM hai usI prakAra striyoM ke pAsa brahmacArI kA rahanA prazasta aura zreyaskara nahIM hai| sAdhaka ko pAMcoM indriyA~ va mana apane adhIna rakhane caahie| tetIsaveM adhyayana meM karmaprakRti kA nirUpaNa hai| vibhAvadazA meM karma kA bandha hotA hai aura svabhAvadazA meM kama se mukti hotI hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi se isa virATa vizva meM sabhI jIva samAna haiM kintu karmoM ke kAraNa unameM bhinnatA hai| karma jar3a-pudgala haiN| rAgAdi vibhAva pariNati ke kAraNa jIva kA karma ke sAtha baMdha hotA hai / baMdha anAdi hai / vaha kaba huA yaha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| viziSTabodharUpa jJAna ko AcchAdita karane vAlA karma jJAnAvaraNIya hai| sAmAnyabodha ko Dhakane vAlA karma darzanAvaraNIya hai| jo sAtA-asAtA kA hetu banatA hai vaha karma vedanIya hai| jo darzana va cAritra meM vikRti paidA karatA hai vaha mohanIya hai| jIvanakAla kA nirdhAraNa karane vAlA Ayukarma hai| jisa karma se jIva gati Adi paryAyoM kA anubhava karane ke lie bAdhya ho vaha nAmakarma hai| U~ca yA nIca gotra kA kAraNabhUta karma gotra karma kahalAtA hai| zakti kA avarodhaka karma antarAya hai| ina 8 karmoM kI uttaraprakRtiyA~ 148 haiN| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya aura antarAya ina cAra karmoM kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuharta aura utkRSTa sthiti 30 koTAkoTi sAgara kI hai| mohanIya kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhurta aura utkRSTa 70 kroDAkroDa sAgara hai / Ayukarma kI sthiti jaghanya antarmuharta aura utkRSTa 33 sAgara kI hai| nAma aura gotra karma kI sthiti jaghanya 8 muhUrta aura utkRSTa 20 kroDAkroDa sAgara kI hai| isa prakAra karmaprakRti kA varNana hone se isa adhyayana kA nAma karmaprakRti rakkhA gayA hai| cauMtIsaveM adhyayana meM lezyA kA varNana hai| sAmAnya rUpa se mana Adi yogoM se anuraMjita aura vizeSa rUpa se kaSAya se anuraMjita AtmapariNAmoM se jIva eka viziSTa paryAvaraNa paidA karatA hai vaha lezyA hai| dravyalezyAe~ paud

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304 jaina mAgama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA galika haiM, unameM varNa, gaMdha, rasa sparza Adi haiN| Aja ke vijJAna ne mAnavamastiSka meM sphUrita hone vAle vicAroM ke citra bhI liye haiM jinameM acche-bure raMga ubhare haiN| prastuta adhyayana meM kRSNa, nIla, kApota, tejasa, padma aura zukla ina chahoM lezyAoM kA varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, pariNAma, lakSaNa, sthAna, sthiti, gati Adi kI dRSTi se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| paitIsaveM adhyayana meM 'anagAra' kA varNana hai| kevala ghara chor3a dene se hI koI anagAra nahIM hotaa| anagAradharma eka mahAna sAdhanA hai| usameM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya, icchA-lobhAdi se dUra rahA jAtA hai / vaha zmazAna, zUnyAgAra, vRkSa ke nIce athavA dUsaroM ke lie banAye hue ekAnta sthAna meM rahatA hai| vaha kraya-vikraya se virakta hotA hai, svarNa aura miTTI ko samAna samajhatA hai aura AtmadhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai| chattIsaveM adhyayana 'jIvAjIvavibhakti' hai| jIva aura ajIva kI vibhakti hI tattvajJAna kA prANa hai| jIva-ajIva kA bheda-vijJAna hI samyakdarzana hai| jIva aura ajIva dravya jisa AkAza meM hai vaha loka hai aura jahA~ kevala AkAza hI hai tathA koI anya dravya nahIM hai vaha aloka hai| ajIva ke do bheda haiM-rUpI aura aruupii| rUpI ke 4 bheda aura arUpI ke 10 bheda haiN| rUpI ke varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza hote haiN| aise rUpI pudgala ke skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu ye 4 bheda aura arUpI ajIva dravya dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya ina tInoM ke skandha, deza aura pradeza se kula 6 bheda aura eka addhAsamaya kA bheda milAkara arUpI ke 10 bheda hote haiN| saba milAkara ajIva ke kula 14 bheda hote haiN| isake atirikta varNAdi avAntara bhedoM kA nirUpaNa isameM kiyA gayA hai| jIva ke do bheda haiM-saMsArI aura siddh| siddhoM ke aneka bheda haiN| saMsArI jIva ke do bheda haiM.--.sa aura sthAvara / sthAvara jIvoM ke tIna bheda haiM-pRthvIkAya, apakAya aura vanaspatikAya / inake avAntara bheda aneka haiN| asa jIvoM ke tIna bheda haiM-agnikAya, vAyukAya, dvIndriyAdi vikalendriya jIva / inake bhI bheda-upabheda aneka haiN| paMcendriya jIvoM ke 4 prakAra haiM-- nAraka, tithaMca, manuSya aura deva / inake bhI uttarabheda aneka haiN| prastuta adhyayana ke anta meM samAdhimaraNa kA bhI varNana hai| isa taraha 266 gAthAoM meM vistAra se varNana huA hai|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 305 upasaMhAra uttarAdhyayana ke ina adhyayanoM meM saMsAra kI asAratA aura zramaNa jIvana ke AcAra kA varNana mukhya rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi uttarAdhyayanacUNi meM isa Agama ko dharmakathAnuyoga meM parigaNita kiyA hai kintu isameM AcAra kA pratipAdana hone se caraNAnuyoga kA aura dArzanika siddhAntoM kA varNana hone se dravyAnuyoga kA bhI mizraNa ho gayA hai|

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2. dazavekAlika sUtra nAmakaraNa mUla AgamoM meM dazavekAlika kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / nandIsUtra meM Avazyakavyatirikta ke kAlika aura utkAlika ye do bheda kiye haiN| usameM dazavekAlika utkAlika meM prathama hai / asvAdhyAya ke atirikta sabhI praharoM meM yaha par3hA jA sakatA hai| cAra anuyogoM meM dazavekAlika kA samAveza caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM hotA hai| isameM caraNa ( mUlaguNa) karaNa ( uttaraguNa) ina donoM kA anuyoga hai| dhavalA ke anusAra dazavekAlika AcAra aura gocara kI vidhi kA varNana karane vAlA sUtra hai / aMgapaNNattI ke abhimatAnusAra isakA viSaya gocaravidhi aura piMDavizuddhi hai / tasvArthasUtra zrutasAgarIyAvRtti meM ise vRkSakusuma Adi kA bhedakathaka aura yatiyoM ke AcAra kA kathaka kahA hai|" 1 se kiM taM ukkAliyaM ? ukkAliyaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM taM jahA dasaveyAliyaM / --navIsUtra 2 (ka) dazarvakAlika - agastya siMha cUrNi (kha) dazavekAlika niyukti gA0 4 3 caraNaM mUlaguNAH / vaya samaNa dhamma saMyama, veyAvaccaM ca baMbhaguttIo / NANAitiyaM tava, kohaniggahAI caraNameyaM // - pravacanasArodvAra gA0 552 4 karaNaM uttaraguNAH / fisfasohI samiI bhAvaNa paDimA i iMdiyani roho / paDilehaNa guttIo, abhiggahA caiva karaNaM tu // 5 dasaveyAliyaM AyAra-goyara vihiM vaNNe / vahI, gAyA 563 :- SaTkhaMDAgama, satprarUpaNA 1-1-1, pR0 17 aMgapaNNattI 3 / 24 6 jadi gocarassa vihi, piMDavisuddhi va jaM parUvehi / dasaveAliya sutaM dahakAlA jattha saMvRttA // 7 vRkSakusumAdInAM dazAnAM bhedakathakaM yatInAmAcArakathakaM ca dazavekAlikam / -taravAryavRtti tasAgarIyA, pR0 67

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 307 dazavakAlika meM AcAra-gocara ke vizleSaNa ke sAtha hI jIvavidyA, yogavidyA jaise mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isakI racanA ke pazcAt zruta ke adhyayana meM bhI AcAryoM ne parivartana kara diyaa| pahale AcArAMga ke pazcAt uttarAdhyayanasUtra par3hA jAtA thA kintu prastuta sUtra kI racanA hone ke pazcAt pahale dazavakAlika aura usake pazcAt uttarAdhyayana kA adhyayana kiyA jAne lgaa| cUMki zramaNa-jIvana ke lie pahale AcAra kA jJAna Avazyaka hai aura yaha jJAna pahale AcArAMga ke adhyayana se karAyA jAtA thA kintu dazavakAlika kI racanA hone ke pazcAt pahale usakA adhyayana prArambha huA kyoMki dazavakAlika sarala aura sugama thaa| dazavakAlika kI racanA ke pahale AcArAMga ke zastraparijJA adhyayana ko arthata: par3he binA zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko mahAvratoM kI vibhAga se upasthApanA nahIM dI jAtI thii| para prastuta Agama kI racanA ho jAne ke pazcAt SaTjIvanikAya nAmaka caturtha adhyayana ko jAnane ke pazcAt mahAvratoM ke vibhAga se upasthApanA kI jAne lgii| dazavakAlika kA kartRtva vyavahArabhASya ke anusAra prAcIna yuga meM AcArAMga ke dvitIya lokavijaya adhyayana ke brahmacarya nAmaka pA~caveM uddezaka ke 'AmagaMdhasUtra' ko binA jAne-par3he koI bhI piMDakalpI (bhikSA grahaNa karane vAlA) nahIM ho sakatA thaa| dazavakAlika kA nirmANa hone para usake piNDaiSaNA nAmaka 1 AyArassa u uri uttarAyaNA u Asi pubvaM tu / dasaveAliya uri iyANi kiM te na hoMtI u / / -vyavahAra, uddezaka 3, bhASya, gA0 176 (malayagiri) 2 (ka) puvvaM satthapariNNA adhIyapar3hiyAi hou uvaTThavaNA / iNDiM cchajjIvaNayA ki sA u na hou uvaTThavaNA // -vyavahArabhASya, u03, gA0 174 (kha) pUrva zastraparijJAyAmAcArAMgAntargatAyAmarthato jJAtAyAM paThitAyAM sUtrataH upasthApanA abhUdidAnIM punaH sA upasthApanA kiM SaTjIvanikAyAM dazavakAlikAntargatAyAmadhItAyAM paThitAyAM ca na bhavati bhavatyevetyarthaH / -vyavahArabhASya, gA0 174 (malayagirivRtti)

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308 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pAMcaveM adhyayana ko jAnane va par3hane vAlA piMDakalpI hone lgaa| ye varNana dazavakAlika ke mahatva ko spaSTa rUpa se ujAgara karate haiN|' prastuta Agama ke kartA zayyaMbhava mAne jAte haiN| yaha racanA svatantra nahIM kintu niryaDha hai| AcArya zayyaMbhava ne vibhinna pUrvo se isakA niryahaNa kiyA hai| dazavakAlikaniyukti kI dRSTi se caturtha adhyayana AtmapravAda pUrva se, paMcama adhyayana karmapravAda pUrva se, saptama adhyayana satyapravAdapUrva se aura avazeSa sabhI adhyayana pratyAkhyAnapUrva kI tRtIya vastu se uddhata kiye gaye haiN| dUsarA mantavya yaha bhI hai ki dazavaikAlika kA niryahaNa gaNipiTaka dvAdazAMgI se kiyA gayA hai| yaha niryahaNa kisa adhyayana kA kisa aMga se kiyA gayA usakA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai tathApi vijJoM ne anumAna lagAyA hai ki tRtIya adhyayana kA viSaya sUtrakRtAMga 19 se milatA hai| caturtha adhyayana kA viSaya sUtrakRtAMga 111117,8 aura AcArAMga 1 / 11 kA kahIM para saMkSepa aura kahIM para vistAra hai| pAMcaveM adhyayana kA viSaya AcArAMga ke dvitIya adhyayana lokavijaya ke pAMcaveM uddezaka aura AThaveM vimoha adhyayana ke dusare uddezaka se milatA-julatA hai| chaThA adhyayana samavAyAMga 18veM samavAya ke 'vayachakkaM kAyachakkaM akappo gihibhAyaNaM / paliyaMka nisijjA ya, siNANaM sobhavajjaNaM' gAthA kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| sAtaveM adhyayana kA mUla srota AcArAMga 21 / 6 / 5 meM prApta hotA hai| AThaveM adhyayana kA kucha bititami baMbhacere paMcama uddese AmagaMdhammi / suttami piMDakappo iha puNa piNddesnnaaeo| -vyavahArabhASya, u03, gA0175 AyappavAyapuvA nijjUDhA hoi dhmmpnnttii| kammappavAyapuvvA piMDassa u esaNA tivihA / / saccappavAya puvA nijjUDhA hoi vakka suddhI u / avasesA nijjUDhA navamassa u taiyavatthUo // -dazavakAlikaniyukti, gAthA 16-17 3 bIo'vi a Aeso gaNipiDagAo duvaalsNgaao| evaM kira nijjUDhaM maNagassa aNuggahaTThAe /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 306 viSaya sthAnAMga 8568,606,615 aura AcArAMga va sUtrakRtAMga se bhI AMzika tulanA ho sakatI hai| AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI pahalI cUlA 1 va 4 adhyayana se kramazaH 5veM aura 7veM adhyayana kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| dazavakAlika ke 2, 9 va 10veM adhyayana ke viSaya kI uttarAdhyayana ke 1 aura 15veM adhyayana se tulanA kara sakate haiN|2 digambara paramparA meM dazavakAlika kA ullekha dhavalA, jayadhavalA, tattvArtharAjavArtika, tattvArthazrutasAgarIyAvRtti prabhRti aneka sthaloM meM huA hai aura 'ArAtIyairAcArya ni! DhaM' kevala itanA saMketa prApta hotA hai| yaha sUtra kaba taka mAnya rahA isakA saMketa nahIM miltaa| prastuta Agama ke dasaveyAliyaH (dazavakAlika) aura dasavekAliya' ye do nAma milate haiN| yaha nAma dasa aura vaikAlika athavA kAlika ina do padoM se nirmita hai| 'dasa' zabda adhyayanoM kI saMkhyA kI sUcanA karatA hai aura isakI racanA vikAla belA meM huI ataH ise vaikAlika kahA gayA hai| sAmAnya niyama ke anusAra Agama kA racanAkAla pUrvAhna mAnA jAtA hai kintu AcArya zayyaMbhava ne manaka kI alpAya ko dekhakara usI kSaNa aparAhna meM hI isakA uddharaNa prArambha kiyA aura use vikAla meM pUrNa kiyaa| svAdhyAya kA kAla dina aura rAta meM prathama aura antima prahara hai| prastuta Agama binA kAla (vikAla) meM bhI par3hA jA sakatA hai ata: isakA nAma dazavakAlika rakhA gayA hai| yaha caturdazapUrvI se AyA hai, jinhoMne kAla ko lakSya kara isakA nirmANa kiyaa| isalie isakA nAma dazavakAlika rakhA gayA hai| eka 1 (ka) dazavakAlika a0 4,sUtra : milAiye--AcArAMga 14106 / 46 (kha) dazavakAlika 52 / 28 : milAiye-AcArAMga 1 / 1 / 2 / 4 (ga) dazavakAlika 6353 : milAiye-sUtrakRtAMga 112 / 2 / 18 .2 'dasaveAliyaM taha uttarajjhayaNANi' kI bhUmikA, pR0 12 (AcArya tulasI) 3 (ka) nandIsUtra 46 (kha) dazavakAlikaniyukti gAthA 6 4 dazakAlikaniyukti gAthA 1, 7, 12, 14, 15 /

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31. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki isakA dasavA~ adhyayana baitAlika nAma ke vRtta meM racA huA hai| ataH isakA nAma dasavaitAliyaM ho sakatA hai|' / hama batA cuke haiM ki AcArya zayyaMbhava ne manaka ke lie dazavakAlika kA nirmANa kiyaa| usane chaha mAsa meM dazavakAlika ko par3hA aura vaha samAdhipUrvaka saMsAra se cala basA / AcArya ko isa bAta kI prasannatA thI ki usane zruta aura cAritra kI samyak ArAdhanA kI ataH unakI A~khoM se Ananda ke A~sU chalaka pdd'e| unake pradhAna ziSya yazobhadra ne isakA kAraNa pUchA / AcArya ne kahA-'manaka merA saMsArapakSI putra thA isalie kucha snehabhAva jAgrata huaa| vaha ArAdhaka huA yaha prasannatA kA viSaya hai| maiMne usakI ArAdhanA ke lie isa Agama kA niryahaNa kiyA hai| aba isakA kyA kiyA jAya?' saMgha ne cintana ke pazcAt yaha nirNaya kiyA ki ise yathAvat rakhA jaay| yaha manaka jaise aneka zramaNoM kI ArAdhanA kA nimitta bnegaa| isalie isakA viccheda na kiyA jaay| prastuta nirNaya ke pazcAt dazavakAlika kA jo vartamAna meM rUpa hai use adhyayana krama se saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| mahAnizItha ke abhimatAnusAra pAMcaveM Are ke anta meM pUrNarUpa se aMgasAhitya vicchinna ho jAyagA taba duppasaha muni dazavakAlika ke AdhAra para saMyama kI sAdhanA kareMge aura apane jIvana ko pavitra bnaayeNge| dazavakAlika kA racanAkAla bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt sudharmAsvAmI aura unake uttarAdhikArI jambUsvAmI the| tIsare AcArya prabhavasvAmI hue| unhoMne apane uttarAdhikArI ke sambandha meM socA kintu koI bhI ziSya AcArya pada ke yogya nahIM thA, phira gRhasthoM kI ora dhyAna diyaa| unheM rAjagRha meM zayyaMbhava brAhmaNa, jo usa samaya yajJa kara rahA thA, yogya pratIta huaa| AcArya rAjagRha aaye| zayyaMbhava ke pAsa sAdhuoM ko bhejaa| unakI preraNA se ve AcArya ke pAsa Aye, sambuddha hue aura pravrajyA grahaNa kii| 28 varSa kI umra 1 dazavakAlika : agastyasiMha cUNi, puNyavijayajI mahArAja dvArA sampAdita 2 ANaMdaaMsupAyaM kAsI sijjabhavA tahi theraa| jasamaddassa ya pucchA kahaNA a viAlaNA saMghe / /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 311 meM ve zramaNa bane the ataH dazavakAlika kA racanAkAla vIra ni0 saM072 ke AsapAsa hai / usa samaya prabhavasvAmI vidyamAna the|' DA0 vinTaranitja ne vIra ni0 ke 48 varSa bAda dazavaikAlika kA racanAkAla mAnA hai| aura pro0 ema0 bI0 paTavardhana kA bhI yahI abhimata hai| kintu paTTAvaliyoM ke kAlanirNaya se unakA kathana mela nahIM khaataa| viSayavastu dazavakAlika ke daza adhyayana haiN| unameM pAMcaveM adhyayana ke 2 aura naveM ke 4 uddezaka haiN| zeSa adhyayanoM ke uddezaka nahIM hai| cauthA va navA adhyayana gadya-padyAtmaka hai| zeSa sabhI adhyayana padyAtmaka hai| TIkAkAra ne dazavakAlika ke padyoM kI saMkhyA 506 aura cUlikAoM kI 34 batAI hai| cUrNikAra ne padya 536 aura cUlikAeM 33 batAI haiN| dazavakAlika kA prathama adhyayana 'drumapuSpikA' hai| dharma kyA hai-yaha ciracintya prazna rahA hai| usakA samAdhAna hai-jo AtmA kA utkRSTa hita sAdhatA ho vaha dharma hai| jisameM ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa ho vahI maMgala hai| ahiMsaka zramaNa ko AhAra kaise grahaNa karanA cAhiye isake lie madhukara kA rUpaka dekara batAyA ki jisa prakAra madhukara puSpoM se svabhAvasiddha rasa grahaNa karatA hai vaise hI zramaNoM ko gRhasthoM ke gharoM se jahA~ AhAra, jala Adi svAbhAvika rUpa se banate haiM prAsuka AhAra ko grahaNa karanA caahie| madhukara phUloM ko mlAna kiye binA thor3A-thor3A rasa pItA hai vaise zramaNa bhI thor3A-thor3A hI grahaNa kre| madhukara utanA hI madhu grahaNa karatA hai jitanA udarapUrti ke lie Avazyaka hai| vaha dUsare dina ke lie saMgraha nahIM karatA vaise hI zramaNa bhI saMyama-nirvAha ke lie Avazyaka ho utanA hI grahaNa kare, saMcaya na kre| madhukara kisI eka vRkSa yA phUla se hI rasa grahaNa nahIM karatA apitu vividha phUloM se grahaNa karatA hai| vaise hI zramaNa bhI kisI gAMva, ghara yA vyakti para Azrita na hokara sAmudAyika rUpa se AhAra grahaNa kare / isa prakAra isa adhyayana meM ahiMsA aura usake prayoga kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 1 dazavakAlika : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR016-17 2 A History of Indian Literature, Vol. II, Page 47, F.N. 1. 3 The Dasavaikalika Sutra: A Study, Page 9.

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312 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dUsare adhyayana meM dhuti kA varNana hai| vinA dhati ke dharma Tika nahIM sktaa| sAdhu rathanemi rAjImatI se viSaya-sevana kI prArthanA karate haiN| rAjImatI unheM saMyama meM dRr3ha rahane ke lie upadeza detI hai| agaMdhana sarpa agni meM jalakara apane prANa tyAga degA kintu vamana kiye hue viSa kA kabhI pAna nahIM kregaa| vaise hI sAdhaka ko bhI parityakta viSayabhogoM kA sevana nahIM karanA caahiye| tRtIya adhyayana meM anAcAra kA ullekha hai| jisakI dharma meM dhati nahIM hotI usake lie AcAra aura anAcAra kA bheda nahIM hotaa| dhatimAna hI AcAra kA pAlana karatA hai aura anAcAra se bacatA hai| jo vyavahAra zAstravihita hai, jisameM ahiMsA kI pramukhatA hai vaha AcAra hai, zeSa anAcAra hai| anAcAra anAcaraNIya hai / zramaNoM ke lie auddezika bhojana, kRta bhojana, AmaMtrita bhojana, kahIM se lAyA haA bhojana, rAtribhojana, snAna, gaMdha, vilepana, mAlA pahananA, paMkhA jhalanA, gRhasthapAtra, rAjapiMDa, dantadhAvana, deha pralokana Adi anAcAroM kA vistAra se varNana hai| kucha anAcAroM ke sevana meM pratyakSa hiMsA hai| kucha ke sevana se vaha hiMsA kA nimitta banatA hai aura kucha ke sevana se hiMsA kA anumodana hotA hai| kucha kArya svayaM meM doSapUrNa nahIM kintu bAda meM zithilAcAra ke hetu bana sakate haiM ata: unakA varjana kiyA gayA hai| ityAdi aneka hetu anAcAra sevana meM rahe hue haiN| kucha niyama utsarga vidhi meM anAcAra haiM kintu apavAda vidhi meM anAcAra nahIM hote| caturtha adhyayana meM 'SaTajIvanikAya' kA nirUpaNa hai| AcAra nirUpaNa ke pazcAta pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa Adi kA vistAra se varNana hai| isameM pAMca mahAvratoM kA nirUpaNa karate hae kahA hai ki muni sajIva pRthvI ko na khode, na bhedana kre| SaTjIvanikAya ko kRta, kArita, anumodana va mana, vacana, kAya se hAni pahu~cAne kA niSedha kiyA hai| paMca mahAvrata va chaThe rAtri-bhojana ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA hai| pratyeka kriyA meM viveka kI AvazyakatA para bala dete hae kahA hai ki yatanA (viveka) ke sAtha calane, baiThane, sone, khAne, pIne, bolane vAlA sAdhaka pApakarma nahIM krtaa| pahale jJAna hai phira dayA hai| jo ajJAnI hai vaha zreya aura pApakArI mArga ko nahIM jaantaa| jo jIvoM ko bhI nahIM jAnatA, ajIvoM ko bhI nahIM

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313 aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya jAnatA vaha saMyama ko kaise jAna skegaa| ataH zramaNa ko satata sAvadhAna rahakara chahakAya ke jIvoM kI virAdhanA nahIM karanI caahie| pA~caveM adhyayana kA nAma 'piNDeSaNA' adhyayana hai / piNDa zabda 'piMDI saMghAte ' dhAtu se banA hai| jisakA artha hai sajAtIya yA vijAtIya Thosa vastuoM kA ekatrita honA / jaina paribhASA meM azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya ina sabhI ke lie piMDa zabda prayukta hotA hai| aiSaNA zabda gaveSaNaiSaNA, grahaNaiSaNA aura paribhogeSaNA kA saMkSepa rUpa hai| prastuta adhyayana meM piNDa kI gaveSaNA, zuddhAzuddha grahaNa (lene) aura paribhoga ( khAne) kI aiSaNA kA varNana hone se isakA nAma piNDeSaNA hai| grAma yA nagara meM bhikSA hetu zramaNa ko zanaiH-zanaiH aura zAntacitta se bhramaNa karanA cAhiye / use bhUmi ko 4 hAtha pramANa dekhakara calanA caahiye| bIja, harita, beindriya, teindriya, apkAya aura pRthvIkAya Adi ke jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacanA caahiye| sacita raja se bhare hue pairoM se koyale, rAkha, bhUse aura gobara ke Dhera ke Upara na jAya / varSA ho rahI ho, kuharA gira rahA ho, mahAvAta calatA ho aura mArga meM saMpAtika jIva chA rahe hoM, vezyAoM kA mohallA ho, kuttA, sadyaHprasUtA gAya, madamatta baila, hAthI, ghor3A, bAlakoM kA kIr3AsthAna, kalaha aura yuddha hotA ho usa mArga se bhikSAdi ke lie na jaay| jaldI-jaldI vArtAlApa karate hue yA ha~sate hue bhikSA ke lie gamana na kre| niSiddha aura aprItikArI kuloM meM bhikSArtha na jAya / bher3a, bAlaka, kutte aura bachar3e Adi kA atikramaNa kara ghara meM praveza na kare / garbhiNI yA stanapAna karAtI mahilA yadi bAlaka ko eka ora haTAkara AhAra de to use grahaNa na kare kintu nirdoSa bhikSA grahaNa kare / piNDeSaNA ke dUsare uddezaka meM bhikSu ko samaya para bhikSA ke lie jAnA cAhiye aura samaya para lauTanA cAhiye / bhikSu ko gocarI jAte samaya mArga meM na baiThanA cAhiye aura na khar3e-khar3e kathA karanI cAhiye, Adi / chaThe adhyayana kA nAma 'mahAcAra kathA' hai| tIsare adhyayana meM kevala anAcAra kA nAma nirdeza kiyA gayA thaa| prastuta adhyayana meM anAcAra ke vividha pahaluoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tIsare adhyayana meM utsarga aura apavAda kI carcA nahIM hai kintu isa adhyayana meM utsarga aura apavAda kI bhI carcA huI hai| prArambha meM vratoM kA pAlana, jIvoM kI rakSA, gRhastha ke pAtra

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314 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kA upayoga na karanA, palyaMka va gRhastha ke Asana para na baiThanA, snAna na karanA, zarIra kI zobhA kA tyAga karanA Adi kA upadeza hai| sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM ata: nigraMtha zramaNa prANavadha kA tyAga karate haiN| mithyA bhASaNa na kare, sacitta yA acitta, alpa yA bahata, yahA~ taka ki dAMta kuredane kA tinakA bhI binA mAMge grahaNa na kre| maithuna adharma kA mUla hai, ataH nirgrantha maithuna kA tyAga karatA hai / vastra, pAtra Adi parigraha nahIM kintu mUrchA parigraha hai| bhikSa rAtribhojana kA tyAga kre| sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'vAkyazuddhi' hai| prastuta adhyayana meM asatya aura satyAsatya bhASA ke prayoga kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| bhASA ke ye donoM prakAra sAvadha haiM kintu asatyAmRSA (vyavahArabhASA) ke prayoga kA niSedha bhI hai aura vidhAna bhI hai| zramaNa ke lie kyA vaktavya hai, kyA avaktavya hai-isakA bahuta hI sUkSma vivecana isa adhyayana meM hai| bolane se pahale aura bolate samaya kitanI sAvadhAnI apekSita hai, yaha isameM pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki kaThora evaM aneka prANiyoM ko trAsa utpanna karane vAlI satyavANI bhI na bole kyoMki usase pApa kA bandha hotA hai| 'kAne ko kAnA, napuMsaka ko napuMsaka, rogI ko rogI aura cora ko cora kahakara na pukAre / gRhastha ko Ao, baiTho, yaha karo, yahA~ se jAo yA khar3e raho aisI bhASA na bole / jo bhASA pApakarma kA anumodana karane vAlI ho, dUsaroM ke lie pIDAkAraka ho aisI bhASA krodha, lobha, bhaya aura hAsya ke vazIbhUta hokara bhI sAdhu ko nahIM bolanI caahiye| AThaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'AcArapraNidhi' hai| AcAra eka nidhi hai| usa nidhi ko prApta kara zramaNa ko kisa prakAra rahanA cAhiye isakA dizAnirdeza isameM hai| praNidhi kA dUsarA artha ekAgratA, sthApanA yA prayoga hai| jaise ucchRGkhala azva sArathI ko unmArga para le jAtA hai vaise hI duSpraNihita indriyA~ zramaNa ko utpatha meM le jAtI haiM / ataH zramaNa ko kaSAyAdi kA nigraha kara mana kA supraNidhAna karanA cAhiye / yahI zikSaNa isa adhyayana meM diyA gayA hai| isalie isakA nAma AcArapraNidhi hai| mana, vacana aura kAya se zramaNa ko chahakAya ke jIvoM ke prati ahiMsaka AcaraNa karanA caahiye| saMyatAtmA ko cAhiye ki vaha pAtra, kambala, zayyA, malAdi tyAgane kA sthAna, saMthArA va Asana kI ekAgracitta se pratilekhanA kre| kAnoM ko priya lagane vAle zabdoM meM rAgabhAva na kreN|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 315 dAruNa evaM kaThora sparza ko zarIra dvArA sahana kare / kSudhA pipAsA Adi ko adInabhAva se sahana kare kyoMki deha duHkha ko samabhAva se sahana karane kA mahAphala kahA gayA hai| jaba taka bur3hApA pIr3A nahIM detA, vyAdhiyA~ kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAtIM, indriyAM kSINa nahIM ho jAtI taba taka dharma kA AcaraNa kara le / koSa prIti kA nAza karatA hai, mAna vinaya ko naSTa karatA hai, mAyA mitroM kA nAza karatI hai aura lobha sarvaguNoM kA nAza karane vAlA hai / krodha ko upazamana se, mAna ko mRdutA se, mAyA ko RjutA se aura lobha ko saMtoSa se jItanA cAhiye / zramaNa ko binA pUche nahIM bolanA caahie| kisI ke vArtAlApa ke samaya bIca meM na bole, cugalI na kare aura kapaTapUrNa asatya na bole / naveM adhyayana kA nAma 'vinayasamAdhi' hai| isake cAra uddezaka haiN| jainAgamoM meM vinaya zabda kA prayoga AcAra va usakI vividha dhArAoM ke artha meM huA hai / vinaya kA artha kevala namratA hI nahIM, apitu AcAra hai / vinaya kI pramukha dhArAaiM do haiM- anuzAsana aura namratA / bauddha sAhitya meM bhI vyavasthA, vidhi va anuzAsana ke artha meM vinaya zabda vyavahRta huA hai| prathama uddezaka meM AcArya ke sAtha ziSya kA vartana kaisA honA cAhiye isakA nirUpaNa hai| 'anaMtanANovagao vi saMto' ziSya anantajJAnI bhI ho jAya to bhI vaha AcArya kI ArAdhanA usI prakAra karatA rahe jaise vaha pahale karatA rahA ho| jisake pAsa dharmapada sIkhatA hai usake prati vinaya kA prayoga kare / mana, vANI aura zarIra se namra rhe| AzIviSa sarpa kruddha ho jAya to prANoM ke nAza se adhika kucha nahIM kara sakatA kintu AcArya aprasanna ho jAya to abodhi ke kAraNa jIva ko mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI / jo guruoM kI AzAtanA karatA hai vaha usa vyakti ke samAna hai jo agni ko apane pairoM se kucalakara bujhAnA cAhatA hai, yA AzIviSa sarpa ko kruddha karatA hai yA jIne kI kAmanA se halAhala viSa kA pAna karatA hai / dUsare uddezaka meM avinaya aura vinaya kA bheda batAyA hai| avinIta vipatti meM par3atA hai aura vinIta sampatti ko prApta karatA hai| avinIta saMvibhAgI hotA hai / jo saMvibhAgI nahIM hai vaha mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakatA / jo AcArya aura upAdhyAya kI sevA zuzrUSA karatA hai usakI zikSA jala se siMce hue vRkSa kI bhAMti bar3hatI jAtI hai|

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316 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA tIsare uddezaka meM kahA hai ki jo alpavayaska hone para bhI dIkSAparyAya meM jyeSTha hai vaha pUjanIya hai| jo pIche se avarNavAda nahIM bolatA, sAmane virodhI vacana nahIM kahatA, jo nizcayakArI aura apriyakAriNI bhASA nahIM bolatA vaha pUjya hai| cauthe uddezaka meM cAra samAdhiyoM kA varNana hai / samAdhi kA artha hita, sukha yA svAsthya hai| vinaya samAdhi ke sthAna haiM-vinayasamAdhi, zrutasamAdhi, tapasamAdhi aura AcArasamAdhi / ina cAroM ke cAra-cAra bheda batAye haiN| . dasavA~ adhyayana 'sabhikSu' nAmaka hai| jisakI AjIvikA kevala bhikSA hai vaha bhikSu kahalAtA hai| saMvega, nirveda, viveka, suzIla-saMsarga, ArAdhanA, tapa, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, vinaya, zAnti, mArdava Adi bhikSu ke lakSaNa haiN| jo chahakAya ke jIvoM ko apane samAna mAnatA hai, pA~ca mahAvratoM kI ArAdhanA aura AsravoM kA nirodha karatA hai vaha bhikSu hai| jo hAthoM se saMyata ho, pairoM se saMyata ho, vacana, indriyoM se saMyata ho, adhyAtmarata ho aura jo sUtrArtha ko jAnatA ho, vaha bhikSu hai| jo mada kA tyAga kara dharmadhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai, vaha bhikSu hai| isakI do cUlikAeM haiN| prathama cUlikA 'rativAkyA' hai| prANiyoM ko asaMyama meM sahaja hI rati aura saMyama meM arati hotI hai| jaise caMcala ghor3A lagAma se, madonmatta hAthI aMkuza se vaza meM AtA hai vaise hI 18 sthAnoM kA cintana karane se caMcala mana sthira hotA hai, Adi isameM varNita hai| dUsarI cUlikA vivittacaryA' hai| usameM zramaNa kI caryA, guNoM aura niyamoM kA nirUpaNa hai| zramaNa ko madya, mAMsa Adi kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| kisI se IrSyA nahIM karanI cAhiye, vikRtiyoM kA tyAga kara punaH-puna: kAyotsarga karanA cAhiye aura svAdhyAya va yoga meM rata rahanA caahiye| AtmA kI rakSA para bala dete hue kahA hai ki sarva yatna se AtmA kI viSaya-kaSAyAdi se rakSA karanI caahiye| yahI sampUrNa dazavakAlika sUtra kA sAra hai|

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3. naMdIsUtra naMdI aura anuyogadvAra ye donoM Agama cUlikAsUtra ke nAma se pahacAne jAte haiN| cUlikA zabda kA prayoga una adhyayanoM yA granthoM ke lie hotA hai jisameM avaziSTa viSayoM kA varNana yA vaNita viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA ho| dazavakAlika aura mahAnizItha ke anta meM bhI cUlikAe~-cUlAe~-cUr3Ae~ prApta hotI haiN| cUlikAoM ko vartamAna yuga kI bhASA meM grantha kA pariziSTa kaha sakate haiN| nandI aura anuyogadvAra bhI Agama sAhitya ke adhyayana ke lie pariziSTa kA kArya karate haiN| naMdIsUtra meM pAMca jJAnoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| niyuktikAra ne naMdI zabda ko jJAna kA paryAyavAcI mAnA hai| naMdIsUtra kI racanA gadya aura padya donoM meM huI hai| isameM eka adhyayana hai, 700 zloka parimANa mUlapATha hai / 57 gadyasUtra haiM aura 67 padya-gAthAe~ haiN| sarvaprathama sUtrakAra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA hai / usake pazcAt jaina saMgha, 24 tIrthaMkara, 11 gaNadhara, jina-pravacana, sudharmA Adi sthaviroM ko stutipUrvaka namaskAra kiyA hai| isameM jo sthavirAvalI-guruziSya paraMparA-prastuta kI gaI hai vaha kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI se bhinna hai| prastuta Agama meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt kI sthavirAvalI isa prakAra hai 1. sudharmA, 2. jambU, 3. prabhava, 4. zayyaMbhava, 5. yazobhadra, 6. sambhUtavijaya, 7. bhadrabAhu, 8. sthUlabhadra, 6. mahAgiri, 10. suhasti, 11. balissaha, 12. svAti, 13. zyAmArya, 14. zANDilya, 15. samudra, 16. maMgU, 17. dharma, 18. bhadragupta, 19. vajra, 20. rakSita, 21. nandila (Anandila) 22. nAgahastI, 23. revatInakSatra, 24. brahmadIpakasiMha, 25. skandilAcArya, 26. himavaMta 27. nAgArjuna, 28. zrIgovinda, 26. zrIbhUtadinna, 30. lauhitya, 31. duussygnnii| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI isa prakAra hai :1. sudharmA, 2. jambU, 3. prabhava, 4. zayyambhava, 5. yazobhadra, 6. saMbhUti

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318 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vijaya, 7. sthUlabhadra, 8. suhastI, 6. susthitasupratibuddha, 10. indradinna, 11. dinna, 12. siMhagiri, 13. vajra 14. zrIntha, 15. puSyagiri, 16. phalgumitra, 17. dhanagiri, 18. zivabhUti, 16. bhadra, F0. nakSatra, 21. rakSa, 22. nAga, 23. jehila, 24. viSNu, 25. kAlaka, 26. sampalitabhadra, 27. vRddha, 28. saMghapAlita, 26. zrIhastI, 30. dharma, 31. miha 32. dharma, 33. zANDilya, 34. devddhignnii| maMgalAcaraNa meM zAstrakAra ne saMgha ko nagara, cakra, ratha, kamala, candra, sUrya, samudra aura meru kI upamA dI hai, jo saMgha ke mahatva ko pradIpta karatI hai| usake pazcAt arthagrahaNa kI yogyatA rakhane vAle zrotAoM kA nimna 14 dRSTAntoM se varNana kiyA hai-- 1. zaila aura ghana, 2. kuTaka arthAt ghar3A, 3. cAlanI, 4. paripUrNaka, 5. haMsa, 6. mahiSa, 7. meSa, 8. mazaka, jalaukA, 10. biDAlI, 11. jAhaka 12. go, 13. bherI, 14. aabhiirii| ina rUpakoM para TIkAkAra ne vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| zrotAoM ke samUha ko sabhA kahate haiN| vaha sabhA kAyikA, ajJAyikA aura durvidagdhA ke rUpa meM tIna prakAra kI hai| jaise haMsa pAnI kA parityAga kara dUdha ko pItA hai vaise hI guNasaMpanna puruSa doSoM ko chor3akara guNoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| aise puruSoM kI sabhA ko jJAyikA kahA gayA hai| jo zrotA mRga, siMha, kukkuTa ke baccoM ke sadRza madhura prakRti ke hote tathA asaMskArita ratnoM ke sadRza kisI bhI rUpa meM DhAle jA sakate haiM ve ajJAyika haiM aura aise zrotAoM kI sabhA ajJAyikA kahalAtI hai| jo vyaki svayaM to jJAtA nahIM hai para apane Apako bahuta bar3A jJAnI mAnatA hai aura mUrkha vyaktiyoM se apanI mithyA prazaMsA sunakara vAyu se bharI huI mazaka ke samAna phUlA nahIM samAtA vaha vyakti durvidagdha hai, aise vyaktiyoM kI sabhA durvidagdhA sabhA kahalAtI hai| naMdIsUtra aMgabAhya Agama hai| isameM jo jJAna ke saMbaMdha meM vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai usakA mUlanIta sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, rAjapraznIya, uttarAdhyayana Adi haiN| unameM saMkSepa meM pA~ca jJAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai kintu naMdI meM jJAnavAda pUrNa rUpa se vikasita hai| saMkSepa meM hama naMdI ke jJAna vivecana ko isa prakAra de sakate

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 316 jJAna 1 Aminibodhika 2 zruta 3 avadhi 4 manaHparyava5 kevala 1 pratyakSa 2 parokSa 1 indriyapratyakSa 2 noindriyapratyakSa 1 Aminibodhika 2thata 1 dhotrendriya pratyakSa 1 avadhi 2 cakSurindriyapratyakSa 2 manaHparyava 3 ghrANendriyapratyakSa 3 kevala 1zrutanizrita 2 azrutanidhita 4 jihvandriya pratyakSa 5 sparzendriyapratyakSa ___ avagraha IhA avAya dhAraNA vyaMjanAvagraha arthAvagraha atyAtiko anAvakI kAvA autpAtikI vainayikI karmajA pAriNAmikI akSara anakSara saMjJi asaMjJi samyak mithyA sAdi anAdi saparyavasita aparyavasita kula 12 bheda zruta ke gamika agamika aMgapraviSTa aMgabAhya kAlika utkAlika

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320 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jJAna AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai| svAbhAvika guNa vaha kahalAtA hai jo apane AzrayabhUta dravya kA kabhI tyAga nahIM karatA / jJAna ke abhAva meM AtmA kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se jJAna aura AtmA meM bheda mAnA gayA hai para nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se jJAna aura AtmA meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai| naMdIsUtra meM sarvaprathama jJAna ke Abhinibodhika jJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye pAMca prakAra batAye haiN| una pAMca jJAnoM ke pratyakSa aura parokSa do bheda kiye haiN| pratyakSa ke indriyapratyakSa aura noindriyapratyakSa-ye do bheda karake indriyapratyakSa ke zrotrendriya Adi pA~coM indriyoM ke krama se 5 bheda aura noindriyapratyakSa ke avadhijJAna, manaHparyavajJAna aura kevalajJAna-ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| isake bAda avadhijJAna para vistAra se prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai ki jisa jJAna kI sImA hotI hai use avadhi kahate haiM / avadhijJAna kevala rUpI padArthoM ko hI jAnatA hai| mUrtimAna dravya hI isake jJeya viSaya kI maryAdA hai| jo rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza yukta hai vahI avadhi kA viSaya hai| arUpI padArthoM meM avadhijJAna kI pravRtti nahIM hotii| SadravyoM meM se kevala pudgaladravya hI avadhi kA viSaya hai kyoMki zeSa pA~ca dravya arUpI haiM / avadhijJAna do prakAra kA hai--bhavapratyaya aura kSAyopazamikapratyaya / bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna janma se hI hotA hai aura vaha devoM tathA nArakoM ko hotA hai| kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna manuSya aura tiryaMcoM ko hotA hai| kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se hotA hai| ise guNapratyaya va bhAvapratyaya avadhijJAna bhI kahate haiN| kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna ke chaha jisa (1) anugAmI-jisa kSetra meM sthita jIva ko avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai usase anyatra jAne para netra ke samAna jo sAtha-sAtha jAya / (2) ananugAmI-utpattikSetra ke atirikta anya kSetra meM jAne para jo na rhe| (3) vardhamAna-utpatti ke samaya meM kama prakAzamAna ho aura bAda meM kramaza: bar3hatA rhe| (4) hoyamAna-utpattikAla meM adhika prakAzamAna ho aura bAda meM kramazaH ghaTatA jaay|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 321 (5) apratipAtI - jIvana paryanta athavA kevalajJAna utpanna hone taka rahane vAlA | (6) pratipAtI - utpanna hokara jo punaH naSTa ho jAye / viSaya kI dRSTi se avadhijJAna cAra prakAra kA hai| dravya kI dRSTi se hai aura utkRSTa sabhI rUpI kSetra kI dRSTi se avadhijJAnI jaghanya aMgula ke asaMkhyAta bhAga ko jAnatA hai aura utkRSTa lokapramANa asaMkhya khaMDoM ko (aloka meM ) jAnatA va dekhatA hai / avadhijJAnI jaghanya anaMta rUpI dravyoM ko jAnatA dravyoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai| kAla kI dRSTi se avadhijJAnI jaghanya AvalikA ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko jAnatA hai aura utkRSTa utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI atIta aura anAgata kAla ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai| bhAva kI dRSTi se - avadhijJAnI jaghanya anaMta paryAyoM ko aura utkRSTa anaMta paryAyoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai / yahA~ para jaghanya aura utkRSTa meM jo anaMta zabda AyA hai vaha ananta ananta prakAra kA hai ataH paraspara kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta kSetra aura kAla ko jAnanA va dekhanA batAyA gayA hai vaha kevala vicAra hai vastutaH tadgata rUpI padArthoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai / manaH paryavajJAna manuSya gati ke atirikta anya kisI gati meM nahIM hotA / manuSya meM bhI saMyata-manuSya ko hotA hai, asaMyata ko nahIM / manaHparyavajJAna kA artha hai - manuSya ke mana ke cintita artha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna / mana eka prakAra kA paudgalika dravya hai| jaba vyakti kisI viSaya vizeSa kA vicAra karatA hai taba usake mana kA nAnA prakAra kI paryAyoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai / manaH paryavajJAnI mana kI una vividha paryAyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai / usa sAkSAtkAra meM vaha yaha jAnatA hai ki vyakti isa samaya meM yaha cintana kara rahA hai / yaha jJAna mana ke pravartaka yA uttejaka pudgala dravyoM ko sAkSAt jAnane vAlA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to mana ke pariNamana kA AtmA ke dvArA sAkSAt pratyakSa karake mAnava ke cintita artha ko jAna lenA mana:paryayajJAna hai| yaha jJAna manapUrvaka nahIM hotA varan AtmapUrvaka hotA hai / mana to usakA viSaya hai / jJAtA to sAkSAt AtmA hai /

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322 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA manaHparyavajJAna ke Rjumati aura vipulamati ye do prakAra haiM / Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati jJAna adhika vizuddha hotA hai| Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati mana ke adhika sUkSma pariNAmoM ko bhI jAna sakatA hai| donoM meM dUsarA antara yaha hai ki Rjumati pratipAtI hai arthAt utpanna hone ke pazcAta naSTa bhI ho sakatA hai kintu vipUlamati kevalajJAna kI prApti taka banA rahatA hai| donoM prakAra ke mana:paryavajJAna kA cAra prakAra se cintana kiyA hai| dravya kI dRSTi se-Rjumati manaHparyavajJAnI anantapradezI ananta skandhoM ko jAnatA ba dekhatA hai kintu vipUlamati manaHparyavajJAnI usase adhika spaSTa, vizuddha aura vipula jAnatA va dekhatA hai| kSetra kI dRSTi se-Rjumati manaHparyavajJAnI kama se kama aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ko aura adhika se adhika nIce ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke choTe prataroM taka tathA Upara jyotiSka vimAna ke uparitala paryanta aura tiryaka loka meM DhAI dvIpa ke saMjJI paMcendriya paryAptaka jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai aura vipulamati usI kSetra se DhAI aMgula adhika vipula, vizuddha va spaSTa jAnatA va dekhatA hai| kAla kI dRSTi se-Rjumati palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ke bhUta va bhaviSya ko jAnatA va dekhatA hai aura vipulamati usase kucha adhika vizuddha va spaSTa jAnatA-dekhatA hai| bhAva kI dRSTi se-Rjumati anaMtabhAvoM ko (bhAvoM ke anantaveM bhAga ko) jAnatA va dekhatA hai| vipulamati kucha adhika vistArapUrvaka va spaSTa rUpa se jAnatA va dekhatA hai| kevalajJAna meM kevala zabda kA artha eka yA sahAyarahita hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke samUla naSTa hone se jJAna ke avAntara bheda miTa jAte haiM aura jJAna eka ho jAtA hai| usake pazcAt mana va indriyoM ke sahayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI ata: vaha 'kevala' kahalAtA hai| kevala zabda kA dUsarA artha zuddha hai| jJAnAvaraNIya ke naSTa hone se jJAna meM kiJcit mAtra bhI azuddhi kA aMza nahIM rahatA hai, isalie vaha 'kevala' kahalAtA hai| kevala zabda kA tIsarA artha sampUrNa hai| jJAnAvaraNIya ke naSTa hone se jJAna meM apUrNatA nahIM rahatI hai, isalie vaha 'kevala' kahalAtA hai|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 323 kevala zabda kA cauthA artha asAdhAraNa hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke naSTa hone para jaisA jJAna hotA hai vaisA dUsarA nahIM hotA, isalie vaha 'kevala' kahalAtA hai| kevala zabda kA pAMcavAM artha 'ananta' hai| jJAnAvaraNIya ke naSTa hone se jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha phira kadApi AvRta nahIM hotA, etadartha vaha 'kevala' kahalAtA hai| jainaparaMparA kI dRSTi se kevalajJAna kA artha sarvajJatA hai| kevalajJAnI kevalajJAna paidA hote hI loka aura aloka ko jAnane lagatA hai| kevalajJAna kA viSaya sarva dravya aura sarva paryAyeM haiN| koI bhI vastu aisI nahIM jise kevalajJAnI nahIM jaantaa| koI bhI paryAya aisI nahIM jo kevalajJAna kA viSaya na ho| chahoM dravyoM ke vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSya kI jitanI bhI paryAyeM haiM sabhI kevalajJAna ke viSaya haiN| AtmA kI jJAnazakti kA pUrNa vikAsa kevalajJAna hai| jaba pUrNajJAna ho jAtA hai taba apUrNajJAna svataH naSTa ho jAtA hai| apekSAdRSTi se kevalajJAna ke do prakAra batAye haiM--(1) bhavastha kevalajJAna aura (2) siddha kevalajJAna / bhavastha ke sayogI aura ayogI do bheda haiN| sayogI ke bhI prathamasamaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna aura aprathamasamaya sayogI bhavastha kevalajJAna yA carama aura acarama sayogI bhavastha kebalajJAna / siddha kevalajJAna ke do bheda haiM-anantara aura prmpr| anaMtarasiddha kevalajJAna ke tIrthasiddha, atIrthasiddha Adi 15 bheda haiM aura paramparasiddha kevalajJAna ke aprathama, dvisamaya yAvat anaMtasamaya siddha kevalajJAna / sAmAnya rUpa se dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se kevalajJAna kA cintana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra pratyakSajJAna kI carcA ke pazcAt apratyakSajJAna kI carcA kI gaI hai| parokSajJAna Abhinibodhika aura zrutajJAna do prakAra kA hai| Abhinibodhika ko matijJAna bhI kahA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM-mati, smRti, cintA aura Abhinibodhaka ko ekArthI kahA hai| jo jJAna indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA se hotA hai, vaha matijJAna hai| matijJAna ke pazcAt jo cintana, manana ke dvArA paripakva jJAna hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai / zrutajJAna hone ke lie zabda zravaNa Avazyaka hai| zabdazravaNa mati ke antargata hai kyoMki vaha zrotra kA viSaya hai| jaba zabda sunAI detA hai taba usake artha kA smaraNa hotA hai| zabdazravaNarUpa jo pravRtti hai vaha matijJAna hai| usake pazcAt zabda

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324 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aura artha ke vAcya vAcaka bhAva ke AdhAra para hone vAlA jJAna zrutajJAna hai / isalie matijJAna kAraNa hai aura zrutajJAna kArya hai / matijJAna ke abhAva meM zrutajJAna kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai| zrutajJAna kA antaraMga kAraNa to zrutajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama hai, matijJAna usakA bahiraMga kAraNa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaha sakate haiM - indriya aura manojanya eka dIrgha jJAna vyApAra kA prAthamika aparipakva aMza matijJAna hai aura uttaravartI - paripakva va spaSTa aMza zrutajJAna hai| jo jJAna bhASA meM utArA jA sake vaha zrutajJAna hai aura jo jJAna bhASA meM utArane yogya paripAka ko prApta na ho vaha matijJAna hai / matijJAna ko yadi dUdha kaheM to zrutajJAna ko khIra kaha sakate haiN| samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi pAtra kI apekSA se kramazaH mati aura zruta donoM jJAna tathA ajJAna bhI kahalAte haiN| Abhinibodhika jJAna ke do bheda kiye haiM- zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita / azrutanizrita ke autpAtikI, vinayajA, karmajA aura pAriNAmikI buddhi ye cAra bheda kiye haiM / autpAtikI buddhi vaha hai jo binA dekhe, binA sune, binA jAne padArthoM ko tatkAla vizuddharUpa se grahaNa kara letI hai / yaha buddhi kisI prakAra ke pUrva abhyAsa yA anubhava ke binA hI utpanna hotI hai / sUtrakAra ne isakA svarUpa vizeSa rUpa se spaSTa karane ke lie sattAvIsa (27) dRSTAntoM kA saMketa kiyA hai aura cUrNi va vRtti meM una dRSTAntoM para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai / kaThina kAryabhAra ke nirvAha meM samartha, dharma, artha, kAma rUpa trivarga kA varNana karane vAlI, sUtra aura artha kA sAra grahaNa karanevAlI, ihaloka aura paraloka meM phala denevAlI aura vinaya se utpanna hone vAlI buddhi vainayikI hai| isa buddhi ke svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie 15 dRSTAnta diye gaye haiM / karmajA buddhi ekAgracitta se kArya ke pariNAma ko dekhane vAlI, aneka kAryoM ke abhyAsa ke citana se vizAla evaM vidvadjanoM se prazaMsita hai| isa buddhi kA svarUpa spaSTa karane hetu 12 dRSTAnta diye gaye haiM / pAriNAmikI buddhi vaha hai jo anumAna, hetu aura dRSTAnta se viSaya ko siddha karatI hai / yaha Ayu ke paripAka se puSTa aura ihalaukika unnati evaM mokSa rUpa nizreyasa pradAna karane vAlI hai| isa buddhi kA svarUpa samajhAne ke lie 21 udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| ina cAroM buddhiyoM ke jo udAharaNa diye gaye haiM ve sabhI rocaka aura jJAnavarddhaka haiM /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 325 zrutanizrita matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| avagraha ke bhI arthAvagraha, vyaMjanAvagraha ye do bheda haiN| vyaMjanAvagraha ke zrotrendriyaja, ghrANendriyaja, jivhendriyaja aura sparzendriyaja ye 4 bheda haiN| arthAvagraha ke zrotrendriya, cakSurindriya, ghrANendriya, jivhendriya, sparzendriya aura noindriya janita ye chaha bheda haiN| isI prakAra IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke bhI 6-6 bheda haiN| isa prakAra matijJAna ke kula 28 bheda hote haiN| avagraha eka samaya rahatA hai| IhA aura avAya kI sthiti antarmahurta hai aura dhAraNA saMkhyeya aura asaMkhyeya kAla taka rahatI hai| __ matijJAna dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se cAra prakAra kA hai / dravya-kSetrAdi kI apekSA se matijJAnI sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai para dekhatA nhiiN| zrutajJAna ke 14 prakAra haiM-akSarazruta, anakSara, saMjJi, asaMjJi, samyaka, mithyA, sAdi, anAdi, saparyavasita, aparyavasita, gamika, agamika, aMgapraviSTa, anaMgapraviSTa / inameM se akSarazruta ke saMjJAakSara, vyaMjanAkSara aura labdhiakSara ye tIna bheda haiM aura unake zrotrendriya Adi ke bheda se chaha prakAra haiN| anakSarazrata zvAsocchvAsa lenA, chIMkanA, khA~sanA Adi aneka prakAra kA hai| saMjJizruta kAlikI, hetuvAdopadezikI aura dRSTivAdopadezikI tIna taraha kI saMjJA kI apekSA se tIna prakAra kA hai| isake viparIta lakSaNa vAlA asaMjJizruta hai| sarvajJa, sarvadarzI tIrthakara praNIta dvAdazAMgI gaNipiTaka samyak zruta hai| yaha AcArAMga se dRSTivAda taka hai| . samyakadRSTi ke lie sva-zruta aura para-zrata ye donoM samyakazruta haiM aura mithyAdRSTi ke lie samyakazruta bhI mithyA ho jAtA hai| mithyAzruta ke nAma isa prakAra batAye gaye haiM mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, bhImAsurokta, zakunaruta aadi| pUrvokta dvAdazAMgI paryAyAthikanaya kI apekSA se sAdi aura saparyavasita-sAMta hai aura dravyAthikanaya kI apekSA se anAdi evaM aparyavasitaanaMta hai| jisa sUtra ke Adi, madhya aura anta meM kucha vizeSatA ke sAtha punaH-puna: eka hI pATha kA uccAraNa ho vaha gamika zruta hai-jaise dRSTivAda / isake viparIta agamika dhruta hai jaise---AcArAMga Adi /

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326 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya zruta kA pUrva pRSThoM meM paricaya diyA jA cukA hai| anta meM zrutajJAna kA upasaMhAra karate hue zAstrakAra batAte haiM ki zrutajJAna kA sahI jJAna usa sAdhaka ko hogA jo zuzrUSA (zravaNecchA), pratipRcchA, zravaNa, grahaNa, IhA, apoha, dhAraNA aura AcaraNa ina ATha guNoM se yukta hogaa| nandIsUtra kA Agama sAhitya meM gaharA mahattva rahA hai kyoMki isameM bhAvamaMgala rUpa pA~ca jJAnoM kA varNana hai| Agama athavA zruta bhI pA~ca jJAnoM meM se eka jJAna hai| isalie nandI kA sambandha dUsare AgamoM se svataH jur3a jAtA hai, ataH zAstroM kI vyAkhyA yA vAcanA kA prArambha nandI se kiyA jAtA thA, aisA ullekha milatA hai| nandIsUtra ke tIna saMskaraNa prApta hote haiN| prathama devavAcaka nandIsUtra, dUsarA ladhunandI jise anujJAnandI bhI kahate haiM aura tIsarA yognndii| devavAcaka viracita nandIsUtra kA Upara kI paMktiyoM meM paricaya diyA jA cukA hai / laghunandI jise anujJAnandI kahate haiM, usameM anujJA zabda kA artha AjJA hai| isa pATha kA upayoga AcArya jaba apane ziSya ko gaNadhAraNa karane kI yA AcArya banane kI AjJA dete haiM usa samaya maMgalarUpa hone se karate haiM, isalie ise anujJAnandI yaha sArthaka nAma diyA gayA hai| aneka kalpoM meM eka kalpa anujJAkalpa bhI hai usakA vizeSa paricaya paMcakalpa bhASya aura cUNi meM diyA gayA hai|' yoganaMdI meM naMdI kA saMkSipta sAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usameM jJAna ke Abhinibodhika Adi pAMca prakAra batAye haiN| unameM se kevala zrutajJAna ke uddezAdi hote haiM arthAt zrutajJAna kA adhyayana-adhyApana ho sakatA hai aura zruta meM bhI aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke hI uddezaka hote haiN| ataH prastuta yoganaMdI meM pAMca jJAna ke nAma batAkara zruta meM 12 AcArazrutAdi aMga aura aMgabAhya meM kAlika ke antargata uttarAdhyayanAdi 39 aura utkAlika ke antargata dazavakAlikAdi 31, Avazyakavyatirikta aura sAmAyikAdi chaha Avazyaka sUtra kA samAveza kiyA hai| isameM yoga zabda prArambha meM 1 vizeSa jijJAsu dekheM-nandIsuttaM aNuogaddArAI kI puNyavijayajI mahArAja kI prastAvanA, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya se prakAzita /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 327 rakhane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki zruta kA abhyAsa binA yoga ke nahIM hotA thaa| zrutanimitta jo yogavidhi karane kI hotI usake prArambha meM isa nandI ke pATha kA prayoga hone se ise yoganaMdI kahA gayA hai| prastuta Agama ke racayitA devavAcaka haiN| devavAcaka aura AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha karane vAle devaddhi donoM ke nAma-sAmya hone se donoM ko eka mAnA gayA hai| 13vIM zatAbdI meM bhI AcArya devendra ne donoM ko eka batalAyA hai| jisakA samarthana itihAsavettA munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne kiyA hai| ve yugapradhAna naMdI meM AI huI sthavirAvalI aura kalpasUtra meM AI gurvAvalI ko pramANa mAnakara apane maMtavya kI puSTi karate haiM kintu sabase prAcIna pramANa naMdIcUNi kA hai| usameM spaSTa rUpa se uTUMkita hai ki dUSyagaNI ke ziSya devavAcaka haiN| kalpasUtra kI gurvAvalI meM devaddhi ke guru kA nAma Arya zANDilya AyA hai| cUNi meM devavAcaka ko dUSyagaNi kA ziSya likhA hai| isalie Arya zANDilya ke ziSya devaddhi aura dUSyagaNI ke ziSya devavAcaka eka nahIM hai| Agama prabhAvaka muni puNyavijayajI, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA Adi bhI donoM ko alaga-alaga mAnate haiN| kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM bhI isI kAraNa bheda hai| 1 (ka) yadAha bhagavAn devaddhi kSamAzramaNaH-nANaM paMcavihaM pannattamityAdi yadAha devaddhi vAcakaH-se ki taM mainANetyAdi (kha) yadAhanirdalitAjJAnasaMbhAraprasarA devaddhivAcakavarA:-taM samAsao cauviha pnnttmityaadi| (A. devendrasUrikRta karmagraMtha svopajJavRtti) 2 vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pR0 120 3 (ka) dUsagaNisIso devavAyago sAdhujaNahiyaTThAe iNamAha (nanyocUNi, pR0 10) (kha) ka evamAha-dUSyagaNi ziSyo devavAcaka iti gAthArthaH / (nandI, hAribhadrIyAvRtti, pR0 20) (ga) devavAcako'dhikRtAdhyayanaviSayabhUtasya jJAnasya prarUpaNAM kurvanidamAha (vahI, pR0 23) (gha) tata AcAryo'pi devavAcakanAmA jJAnapaMcakaM vyAcikhyAsu tIrthakRtstutimabhidhAtumAha (zrI malayagirIyA nandIvRtti pR02) (Ga) dRSyagaNipAdopasevi pUrvAntargatasUtrArthadhArako devavAcako yogyavineyaparIkSA kRtvA sampratyadhikRtAdhyayanaviSayasya jJAnasya prarUpaNAM vidadhAti (vahI, patra 65)

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328 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ___paM0 zrIkalyANavijayajI ne devavAcaka aura devaddhi ko eka mAnA hai isalie kalpasUtra ke AdhAra se ve devaddhi kA samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA 180vA~ varSa mAnate haiM ata: unake matAnusAra donoM eka hone se devavAcaka kA samaya bhI vahI 680vA varSa ginanA caahiye| lekina yadi ve donoM alaga haiM, to unakI samaya-vicAraNA bhI alaga karanI Avazyaka hai| vallabhI sthavirAvalI meM bhUtadina ke 76 varSa aura kAlaka ke 11 varSa batalAye haiM aura kAlaka ke sAtha vaha sthavirAvalI pUrI hotI hai taba anta meM vIra nirvANa 981 taka meM kAlaka kA kAla pUrNa hotA hai| devavAcaka ne jo paramparA naMdI meM dI hai usake anusAra bhUtadina ke bAda kAlaka nahIM kintu lauhitya kA ullekha hai aura lauhitya ke bAda apane guru dUsagaNi kA ullekha hai / vallabhI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra kAlaka ke 11 varSa na gineM to bhUtadina kA svargavAsa vIra-nirvANa 970 (vi0 saM0 500) meM huaa| usake bAda nandI ke anusAra lauhitya hue aura bAda meM duusgnni| dUsagaNi ke ziSya devavAcaka haiN| aisA bhI saMbhava hai ki bhUtadinna kA samaya 76 varSa jitanA laMbA ho to unakI upasthiti meM hI unake ziSya lauhitya aura praziSya dUsagaNi donoM vidyamAna rahe hoN| isase hama devavAcaka ko vIranirvANa 670 (vi0 saM 500) se bhI pUrva mAna sakate haiM / aisA na ho to bhI bhUtadina ke bAda 50 varSa meM devavAcaka hue aisA mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM AtI arthAt vi0 saM0500 se 550 taka unakA samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai| devavAcaka ke samaya kI vi0 saM0550 yaha antima avadhi mAnanI cAhiye / usake pUrva bhI hue hoM aisI bhI sambhAvanA hai| unakI isa antima avadhi kA samarthana AcArya jinabhadra kA vizeSAvazyaka bhI karatA hai| kyoMki usameM naMdI kA ullekha AyA hai| AcArya jinabhadra kA samaya 546 se 550 Asa-pAsa kA hai| isalie naMdI kI racanA unake vizeSAvazyaka se pUrva kI gaI ho yaha nizcita hai| vIra-nirvANa 680 athavA 663 (vikrama saM0 510523) meM AcArya devaddhi ne kalpasUtra kA lekhana pUrNa kiyA hai isalie naMdI kA samaya usake pUrva hI honA cAhiye kyoMki naMdI kA ullekha anya aMga AgamoM meM AtA hI hai| isalie yaha nissandeha hai ki naMdI kI racanA vi. saM 523 se pUrva ho gaI thii|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 326 Avazyakaniyukti dvitIya bhadrabAha kI kRti hai| varAhamihira, jinhoMne vi0 saM0 562 meM paMcasiddhAMtikA likhI hai, ve unake samakAlIna haiN| ' ata: Avazyakaniyukti kA samaya bhI vi0 saM0 562 mAneM to bhI naMdI kI racanA isase pUrva huI hogI, aisA yuktisaMgata mAlUma par3atA hai| aura aMgAdi ke vallabhI lekhanakAla ko dhyAna meM leM to pUrvokta vi0 saM0 523 ke pUrva naMdI kI racanA mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM diikhtii|

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4. anuyogadvAra mUla Agama sAhitya meM nandI ke pazcAt anuyogadvAra AtA hai / jaise pA~ca jJAnarUpa nandI maMgalasvarUpa hai vaise hI anuyogadvArasUtra bhI samagra AgamoM ko aura unakI vyAkhyAoM ko samajhane meM kuJjI sadRza hai / ye donoM Agama eka dUsare ke paripUraka haiM / AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa meM ina donoM AgamoM kA sthAna cUlikA varga meM rakhakhA gayA hai| jaise eka bhavya maMdira zikhara se adhika zobhA prApta karatA hai vaise hI Agama maMdira bhI nandI aura anuyogadvAra rUpa zikhara se adhika jagamagAtA hai / anuyoga kA artha vyAkhyA yA vivecana hai / jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne anuyoga kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai- zruta arthAt zabda kA usake artha ke sAtha yoga vaha anuyoga hai / athavA sUtra kA apane artha ke sambandha meM jo anurUpa yA anukUla vyApAra ho vaha anuyoga hai| anuyoga kA prAkRtarUpa aNu + yoga hai| aNu = stokasvalpa, anupazcAt bhI hotA hai| sUtra = zabda, artha se aNu = stoka hai ataH use aNu kahate haiM / vaktA ke mana meM artha prathama AtA hai| usake pazcAt vaha usake pratipAdaka zabda kA prayoga karatA hai / athavA yoM kaha sakate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prathama artha kA upadeza diyA aura bAda meM gaNadharoM ne sUtra kI racanA kI / isalie sUtra zabda artha ke bAda meM hai / isalie sUtra 'anu' kahalAtA hai| isa 'anu' zabda kA artha ke sAtha yoga karanA anuyoga hai / athavA anu-aNusUtra kA jo vyApAra artha kA pratipAdana vaha anuyoga hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karane kI prakriyA anuyoga hai / 1 1 aNuyojaNamaNuyogo sutassa NiyaeNa jamabhidheyeNaM / vAvAro vA jogo jo aNuruvo'Nukulo vA // Aha- anuyoga iti kaH zabdArtha ? ucyate zrutasya svenArthena anuyojanamanuyogaH / athavA --- ( aNoH ) sUtrasya svAbhidheyavyApAro yogaH / anurUpo'nukUlI (vA) yogo'nuyogaH /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 331 bhadrabAhu svAmI ne anuyoga ke paryAya isa prakAra batAye haiM-anuyoga, niyoga, bhASA, vibhASA aura vArtika / vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne aura vRhatkalpabhASya meM saMghadAsagaNI ne ina sabhI kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| anuyogadvAra meM dravyAnuyoga kI pradhAnatA hai / usameM cAra dvAra haiM, 1866 zlokapramANa upalabdha mUlapATha hai / 152 gadyasUtra haiM aura 143 padyasUtra haiM / anuyogadvAra meM prathama paMcajJAna se maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt Avazyaka anuyoga kA ullekha hai / isase pAThaka ko sahaja hI yaha anumAna hotA hai ki isameM AvazyakasUtra kI vyAkhyA hogI, para aisA nahIM hai / isameM anuyoga ke dvAra arthAt vyAkhyAoM ke dvAra upakrama Adi kA hI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vivecana yA vyAkhyA paddhati kaisI honI cAhiye yaha batAne ke lie Avazyaka ko dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| prastuta sUtra meM kevala Avazyaka zrutaskandha adhyayana nAmaka grantha kI vyAkhyA, usake chaha adhyayanoM ke frNDArtha (arthAdhikAra kA nirdeza ), unake nAma aura sAmAyika zabda kI vyAkhyA dI hai| AvazyakasUtra ke padoM kI vyAkhyA nahIM hai / isase spaSTa hai ki anuyogadvAra mukhyarUpa se anuyoga kI vyAkhyAoM ke dvAroM kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA grantha hai- AvazyakasUtra kI vyAkhyA karane vAlA nahIM / Agama sAhitya meM aMgoM ke pazcAt sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa sthAna Avazyaka sUtra ko diyA gayA hai, kyoMki prastuta sUtra meM nirUpita sAmAyika se hI zramaNa jIvana kA prArambha hotA hai / pratidina prAtaH saMdhyA ke samaya athavA jamatthaMto thoka pacchamAvehi sutamANuM tassa / abhidheye vAvAro jogo teNaM va saMbaMdhI // athavA'rthataH pazcAdabhidhAnAt stokatvAcca sUtram anu tasyAbhidheyena yojanamanuyogaH / aNuno vA yogo'NuyogaH abhidheyavyApAra ityarthaH - svopazavRtti - vizeSAvazyaka 1 aNuyogo aNiyogo bhAsa vibhAsA ya vattiyaM caiva / ete aNuogassa tu NAmA egaTThiyA paMca // (Ava0 ni0 gAthA 126, vize0 1382, vR0 187 )

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332 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA zramaNa jIvana kI jo Avazyaka kriyA hai isakI zuddhi aura ArAdhanA kA nirUpaNa isameM hai / ataH aMgoM ke adhyayana se pUrva Avazyaka kA adhyayana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / etadartha hI AvazyakasUtra kI vyAkhyA karane kI pratijJA prastuta sUtra meM kI hai / vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM bhale hI sampUrNa grantha kI vyAkhyA na ho, kevala grantha ke nAma ke padoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI ho, tathApi vyAkhyA kI jisa paddhati ko isameM apanAyA gayA hai vahI paddhati sampUrNa AgamoM kI vyAkhyA meM bhI apanAI gaI hai| yadi yaha kaha diyA jAya ki Avazyaka kI vyAkhyA ke bahAne se granthakAra ne sampUrNa AgamoM ke rahasyoM ko samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai to atizayokti nahIM hogI / Agama ke prArambha meM Abhinibodhika Adi pA~ca jJAnoM kA nirdeza karake zrutajJAna kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kyoMki zrutajJAna kA hI uddeza ( par3hane kI AjJA ), samuddeza ( par3he hue kA sthirIkaraNa), anujJA (anya ko par3hAne kI AjJA ) evaM anuyoga ( vistAra se vyAkhyAna) hotA hai; jabaki zeSa cAra jJAnoM kA nahIM hotaa| aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke uddezAdi hote haiM vaise hI kAlika, utkAlika aura Avazyaka sUtra ke bhI hote haiM / sarvaprathama yaha cintana kiyA gayA hai ki Avazyaka eka aMgarUpa hai yA aneka aMgarUpa ? eka zrutaskandha hai yA aneka zrutaskandha ? eka adhyayana rUpa hai yA aneka adhyayanarUpa ? eka uddezanarUpa hai yA aneka uddezanarUpa ? samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki Avazyaka na eka aMgarUpa hai, na aneka aMgarUpa, vaha eka zrutaskandha hai aura aneka adhyayana rUpa hai| usameM na eka uddeza hai. na aneka / Avazyaka zrutaskandhAdhyayana kA svarUpa spaSTa karane ke lie Avazyaka, zruta, skandha aura adhyayana ina cAroM kA pRthak-pRthak nikSepa kiyA gayA hai| Avazyaka nikSepa cAra prakAra kA hai-nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva / kisI kA bhI Avazyaka yaha nAma rakha denA nAmaAvazyaka hai| kisI vastu kI Avazyaka ke rUpa meM sthApanA karane kA nAma sthApanA - Avazyaka hai / sthApanAAvazyaka ke 40 prakAra haiM- kASThakarmajanya, citrakarmajanya, vastrakarmajanya, lepakarmajanya, graMthikarmajanya, veSTanakarmajanya, purimakarmajanya (dhAtu Adi ko pighalAkara sA~ce meM DhAlanA ), saMghAtiyakarmajanya (vastrAdi ke Tukar3e jor3anA) aura akSakarmajanya (pAsA) varATakakarmajanya ( kauDI ) / inameM se pratyeka ke do bheda haiM- eka rUpa aura aneka rUpa /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 333 punaH sadbhAvasthApanA aura asadbhAvasthApanA rUpa do bheda haiN| isa taraha sthApanA Avazyaka ke 40 bheda hote haiM / dravyaAvazyaka ke AgamataH aura noAgamataH ye do bheda haiM / Avazyaka pada smaraNa kara lenA aura usakA nirdoSa uccAraNAdi karanA AgamataH dravyaAvazyaka hai| isakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie saptanaya kI dRSTi se dravyAvazyaka para cintana kiyA hai| noAgamataH dravyAvazyaka kA tIna dRSTiyoM se cintana kiyA gayA hai| ve dRSTiyA~ haiM-jJazarIra, bhavyazarIra aura tadvyatirikta / Avazyaka pada ke artha ko jAnane vAle, vyakti ke prANarahita zarIra ko jJazarIra dravyAvazyaka kahate haiN| jaise madhu yA ghRta se rikta ghaTa ko bhI madhughaTa yA ghRtaghaTa kahate haiM, kyoMki pahale usameM madhu yA ghRta thaa| vaise hI Avazyaka pada kA artha jAnane vAlA cetana tattva abhI nahIM hai tathApi usakA zarIra hai; bhUtakAlIna sambandha ke kAraNa vaha jJazarIra dravyAvazyaka kahalAtA hai| jo jIva vartamAna meM Avazyaka pada kA artha nahIM jAnatA hai kintu AgAmI kAla meM apane isI zarIra dvArA vaha use smaraNa karegA usakA zarIra bhavyazarIra dravyAvazyaka hai / jJazarIra aura bhavya zarIra se atirikta tadvyatirikta hai| vaha laukika, kuprAvacanika, aura lokottarIya rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA hai| rAjA, yuvarAja, seTha, senApati, sArthavAha prabhRti kA prAtaH va sAyaMkAlIna Avazyaka kartavya vaha laukika dravyAvazyaka hai / kutIrthikoM kI kriyAe~ kuprAvacanika dravyAvazyaka haiN| zramaNa ke guNoM se rahita, niraMkuza, jinezvara bhagavAna kI AjJA kA ullaMghana karane vAle svacchanda - vihArI kI apane mata kI dRSTi se ubhayakAlIna kriyAe~ lokottara dravyAvazyaka haiN| bhAva Avazyaka AgamataH aura noAgamataH rUpa meM do prakAra kA hai| Avazyaka ke svarUpa ko upayoga- pUrvaka jAnanA AgamataH bhAva- Avazyaka hai / noAgamataH bhAva - Avazyaka bhI laukika aura kuprAvacanika tathA lokottarika rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA hai| prAtaH mahAbhArata, sAyaM rAmAyaNa prabhRti kA sa upayoga paThana-pAThana laukika Avazyaka hai| carma Adi dhAraNa karane vAle tApasa Adi kA apane iSTadeva ko saaMjali namaskArAdi karanA kuprAvacanika bhAvAvazyaka hai| zuddha upayoga sahita vItarAga ke vacanoM para zraddhA rakhane vAle catuvidha tIrtha kA prAtaH sAyaMkAla upayogapUrvaka Avazyaka karanA lokottarika bhAva Avazyaka hai /

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Avazyaka kA nikSepa karane ke pazcAt sUtrakAra zruta, skandha aura adhyayana kA nikSepapUrvaka vivecana karate haiM / zruta bhI Avazyaka kI taraha 4 prakAra kA hai--nAmazruta, sthApanAzruta, dravyazruta aura bhaavshrut| zruta ke zruta, sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, zAsana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApanA- pravacana evaM Agama ye ekArthaka nAma haiN| skandha ke bhI nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva skandha aise 4 prakAra haiN| skandha ke gaNa, kAya, nikAya, skandha, varga, rAzi, puJja, piMDa, nikara saMghAta, Akula aura samUha ye ekArthaM nAma haiM / adhyayana 6 prakAra kA hai - sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava vandana, pratikramaNa kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna | sAmAyika rUpa prathama adhyayana ke upakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya ye cAra anuyogadvAra haiM / upakrama nAmopakrama, sthApanopakrama, dravyopakrama, kSetropakrama, kAlopakrama aura bhAvopakrama rUpa 6 prakAra kA hai| anya prakAra se bhI upakrama ke chaha bheda batAye gaye haiM- AnupUrvI, nAma, pramANa, vaktavyatA, arthAdhikAra, samavatAra | upakrama kA prayojana hai ki grantha ke sambandha meM prArambhika jJAtavya viSaya kI carcA hai| isa prakAra kI carcA hone se grantha meM Aye hue kramarUpa se viSayoM kA nikSepa krnaa| isase vaha sarala ho jAtA hai / 334 AnupUrvI ke nAmAnupUrvI sthApanAnupUrvI, dravyAnupUrvI, kSetrAnupUrvI, kAlAnupUrvI, utkIrtanAnupUrvI, gaNanAnupUrvI, saMsthAnAnupUrvI, sAmAcAryAnupUrvI, bhAvAnupUrvI ye dasa prakAra haiM jinakA sUtrakAra ne ati vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| prastuta vivecana meM aneka jaina mAnyatAoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / nAmAnupUrvI meM nAma ke eka, do yAvat dasa nAma batAye haiN| saMsAra ke samasta dravyoM ke ekArthavAcI aneka nAma hote haiM kintu ve sabhI eka nAma ke hI antargata Ate haiM / dvi nAma ke ekAkSarika nAma aura anekAkSarika nAma ye do bheda haiN| jisake uccAraNa karane meM eka hI akSara kA prayoga ho 1 suyaM sutaM gaMyaM siddhanta sAsaNaM ANa tti vayaNa uvaeso / paNNavaNe Agame vi ya egaTThA pajjavA sute // 2 gaNa kAe nikAe puMje ya piMDe cie khaMdhe vo taheva rAsI ya / nigare saMdhAe Aula samUhe // -sU0 42, gA0 1 - sU0 12, gA0 1 ( skandhAdhikAra)

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 335 vaha ekAkSarikanAma hai| jaise dhI, strI, hrI ityaadi| jisake uccAraNa meM aneka akSara hoM vaha anekAkSarika nAma haiM, jaise-kanyA, vINA, latA, mAlA ityAdi / athavA jIvanAma, ajIvanAma, athavA avizeSikanAma, vizeSikanAma, isa taraha do prakAra kA hai| isakA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| trinAma ke dravyanAma, guNanAma aura paryAyanAma ye tIna prakAra haiN| dravyanAma ke dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura addhAsamaya (kAla) ye chaha bheda haiN| guNanAma ke varNanAma, gaMdhanAma, rasanAma, sparzanAma aura saMsthAnanAma Adi aneka bhedaprabheda haiN| paryAyanAma ke ekaguNakRSNa, dviguNakRSNa, triguNakRSNa yAvat dasaguNa, saMkhyeyaguNa, asaMkhyeyaguNa aura anantaguNakRSNa ityAdi aneka prakAra haiN| caturnAma 4 prakAra kA hai-Agamata:, lopataH, prakRtitaH aura vikArataH / vibhaktyanta pada meM varNa kA Agama hone se padma kA pdmaani| yaha AgamataH pada kA udAharaNa hai| vargoM ke lopa se jo pada banatA hai vaha lopataH pada hai; jaise---paTo'tra-paTotra / saMdhikArya prApta hone para bhI saMdhi kA na honA prakRtibhAva kahalAtA hai / jaise zAle ete mAle ime / vikArata: pada ke udAharaNadaMDAgraH, nadIha, madhUdakam / paJcanAma pAMca prakAra kA hai...--nAmika, naipAtika, AkhyAtika, upasargika aura mizra / SaSThanAma audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, pAriNAmika aura sannipAtika-chaha prakAra kA hai| ina bhAvoM para karmasiddhAnta va guNasthAnoM kI dRSTi se vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake pazcAt saptanAma meM sapta svara para, aSTanAma meM aSTa vibhakti para, navanAma meM nava rasa evaM dasanAma meM guNavAcaka dasa nAma batAye haiN| upakrama ke tRtIya bheda pramANa para cintana karate hue dravyapramANa, kSetrapramANa, kAlapramANa aura bhAvapramANa ke rUpa meM cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| dravyapramANa pradezaniSpanna aura vibhAganiSpanna rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| pradezaniSpanna dravyapramANa ke antargata paramANa, dvipradezI skandha yAvat dazapradezI skandha Adi haiN| vibhAganiSpanna dravyapramANa ke mAna, unmAna, abamAna, gaNitamAna aura pratimAna ye pAMca prakAra haiN| inameM se mAna ke do prakAra haiM.-.--dhAnyamAnapramANa, rsmaanprmaann| dhAnyamAnapramANa ke prasati, sedhikA, kuDaba, prastha, ADhaka, droNi, jaghanya madhyama utkRSTa kumbha Adi aneka bheda haiN| isI prakAra rasamAnapramANa ke bhI vividha bheda haiN| unmAna

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336 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pramANa ke arddhakarSa, karSa, arddhapala, pala, arddhatulA, tulA, arddhabhAra, bhAra Adi aneka bheda haiN| isa pramANa se agara, kumakuma, khA~Da, gur3a Adi vastuoM kA pramANa mApA jAtA hai| jisa pramANa se bhUmi Adi kA mApa kiyA jAya vaha avamAna hai| isake hAtha, daMDa, dhanuSya Adi aneka prakAra haiN| gaNitamAna pramANa meM saMkhyA se pramANa nikAlA jAtA hai jaise eka, do se lekara hajAra, lAkha karor3a Adi jisase dravya ke Aya-vyaya kA hisAba lagAyA jAya / pratimAna -- jisase svarNa Adi mApA jaay| isake gujjA, kAMgaNI, niSpAva, karmamAzaka, maMDalaka, sonayA Adi aneka bheda haiN| isa prakAra dravyapramANa kI carcA hai| kSetrapramANa pradezaniSpanna aura vibhAganiSpanna do prakAra kA hai| eka pradezAvagAhI, dvi-pradezAvagAhI, Adi pudgaloM se vyApta kSetra ko pradezafropanna kSetrapramANa kahA gayA hai| vibhAganiSpanna kSetrapramANa ke aMgula, vitasti, hasta, kukSi, daMDa, koza, yojana Adi nAnAvidha prakAra haiN| aMgula - AtmAMgula, utsevAMgula aura pramANAMgula ke rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA hai| jisa kAla meM jo mAnava hote haiM unake apane aMgula se 12 aMgula pramANamukha hotA hai / 108 aMgula pramANa pUrA zarIra hotA hai| ve puruSa uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya rUpa se 3 prakAra ke haiN| jina puruSoM meM pUrNa lakSaNa haiM aura 108 aMgula pramANa jinakA zarIra hai ve uttama puruSa haiM, jina puruSoM kA zarIra 104 aMgula pramANa hai ve madhyama puruSa haiM aura jinakA zarIra ha6 aMgula pramANa hai ve jaghanya puruSa haiN| ina aMguloM ke pramANa se chaha aMgula kA 1 pAda, 2 pAda kI 1 vitasti, 2 vitasti kA 1 hAtha, 2 hAtha kI 1 kukSi, 2 kukSi kA 1 dhanuSya, do hajAra ghanuSya kA 1 koza, 4 koza kA 1 yojana hotA hai| prastuta pramANa se ArAma, udyAna, kAnana, vana, vanakhaMDa, kuA, vApikA, nadI, khAI, prAkAra, stUpa Adi nApe jAte haiM / utsedhAMgula kA pramANa batAte hue paramANu, trasareNu, rathareNu kA varNana vividha prakAra se kiyA hai| prakAza meM jo dhUlikaNa A~khoM se dikhAI dete haiM ve sareNu haiN| ratha ke calane se jo dhUli ur3atI hai vaha rathareNu hai / paramANu kA do dRSTiyoM se pratipAdana hai-- sUkSma paramANu aura vyAvahArika paramANu / ananta sUkSma paramANuoM ke milane se eka vyAvahArika paramANu banatA hai / vyAvahArika paramANuoM kI kramazaH vRddhi hote-hote mAnavoM kA bAlAgra, lIkha, jUM, yava aura aMgula banatA hai jo kramazaH ATha gune adhika

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int Agama sAhitya 337 hote haiM / prastuta aMgula ke pramANa se chaha aMgula kA arddhapAda, 12 aMgula kA pAda, 24 aMgula kA 1 hasta, 48 aMgula kI 1 kukSi, 6 aMgula kA 1 dhanuSya hotA hai| isI dhanuSya ke pramANa se do hajAra dhanuSya kA 1 koza aura 4 koza kA 1 yojana hotA hai| utsedhAMgula kA prayojana 4 gatiyoM ke prANiyoM kI avagAhanA nApanA hai| yaha avagAhanA jaghanya aura utkRSTa rUpa se do prakAra kI hotI hai| jaise naraka meM jaghanya avagAhanA aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga hai aura utkRSTa avagAhanA 500 dhanuSya pramANa hai aura uttaravaikriyA karane para jaghanya aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga aura utkRSTa eka hajAra dhanuSya hotI hai| isa taraha utsedhAMgula kA pramANa sthAyI, nizcita aura sthira hai / utsedhAMgula se eka hajAra gunA adhika pramANAMgula hotA hai| vaha bhI utsedhAMgula ke samAna nizcita hai| avasarpiNI kAla ke prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabha aura unake putra bharata ke aMgula ko pramANAMgula mAnA gayA hai / antima tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke eka aMgula ke pramANa meM do utsedhAMgula hote haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to unake 500 aMgula ke barAbara 1000 utsedhAMgula arthAt 1 pramANAMgula hotA hai| isa pramANAMgula se anAdi padArthoM kA nApa jJAta kiyA jAtA hai| isase bar3A anya koI aMgula nahIM hai / kAlapramANa pradezaniSpanna aura vibhAganiSpanna rUpa se do prakAra kA hai / eka samaya kI sthiti vAle paramANu yA skandha Adi kA kAla pradezaniSpanna kAlapramANa kahalAtA hai| samaya, AvalikA, muhUrta, dina, ahorAtri, pakSa, mAsa, saMvatsara, yuga, palya, sAgara, avasarpiNI, utsarpiNI, parAvartana, Adi ko vibhAganiSpanna kAlapramANa kahA gayA hai| samaya bahuta hI sUkSma kAlapramANa hai / isakA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue vastra vidAraNa kA udAharaNa diyA hai| asaMkhyAta samaya kI eka AvalikA, saMkhyAta AvalikA kA eka ucchvAsanizvAsa, prasannamana, pUrNa svastha vyakti ke eka zvAsocchvAsa ko prANa kahate haiM / sAta prANoM kA 1 stoka, 7 stokoM kA 1 lava, usake pazcAt zIrSaprahelikA palyopama, sAgaropama kI saMkhyA taka prakAza DAlA hai jisakA hama anya AgamoM ke vivecana meM ullekha kara cuke haiN| isa kAlapramANa se cAra gatiyoM ke jIvoM ke AyuSya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhAvapramANa 3 prakAra kA hai-- guNapramANa, naya-pramANa aura saMkhyApramANa / guNapramANa - jIvaguNapramANa aura ajIvaguNapramANa isa taraha se

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338 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA do prakAra kA hai / jIvaguNapramANa ke tIna bheda - jJAnaguNapramANa, darzanaguNapramANa aura cAritraguNapramANa haiN| inameM se jJAnaguNapramANa ke pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama ye cAra bheda haiN| pratyakSa ke indriyapratyakSa aura noindriyapratyakSa do bheda haiN| indriyapratyakSa ke zrotrendriya se sparzendriya taka pA~ca bheda haiN| noindriyapratyakSa ke avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna pratyakSa-ye tIna bheda haiN| 1 anumAna - pUrvavat zeSavat aura dRSTasAdharmyavat tIna prakAra kA hai| pUrvavat anumAna ko samajhAne ke liye eka rUpaka diyA hai| jaise--kisI mAtA kA koI putra laghuvaya meM anyatra calA gayA aura yuvaka hokara punaH apane nagara meM AyA / use dekhakara usakI mAtA pUrva lakSaNoM se anumAna karatI hai ki yaha putra merA hI hai| ise pUrvavat anumAna kahA hai| zeSavat anumAna kAryataH, kAraNataH, guNataH, avayavataH aura AzrayataH isa taraha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| kArya se kAraNa kA jJAna honA kAryataH anumAna kahA jAtA hai / jaise zaMkha, bherI Adi ke zabdoM se unake kAraNabhUta padArthoM kA jJAna honA; yaha eka prakAra kA anumAna hai| kAraNataH anumAna vaha hai jisameM kAraNoM se kArya kA jJAna hotA hai jaise- taMtuoM se paTa banatA hai, miTTI ke piMDa se ghaTa banatA hai / guNataH anumAna vaha hai jisameM guNa ke jJAna se guNI kA jJAna kiyA jAya, jaise- kasauTI se svarNa kI parIkSA, gaMdha se phUloM kI parIkSA / avayavataH anumAna hai avayavoM se avayavI kA jJAna honA jaise-sIMgoM se mahiSa kA, zikhA se kukkuTa kA, dA~toM se hAthI kA AzrayataH anumAna vaha hai jisameM Azraya se AzrayI kA jJAna hotA hai| isameM sAdhana se sAdhya pahacAnA jAtA hai jaise- dhue~ se agni, bAdaloM se jala, sadAcaraNa se kulIna putra kA jJAna hotA hai / dRSTasAdharmyavat anumAna ke sAmAnyadRSTa aura vizeSadRSTa- ye do bheda haiN| kisI eka vyakti ko dekhakara taddezIya yA tajjAtIya anya vyaktiyoM kI AkRti Adi kA anumAna karanA sAmAnyadRSTa anumAna hai| isI prakAra aneka vyaktiyoM kI AkRti Adi se eka vyakti kI AkRti kA anumAna bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisI vyakti ko pahale eka bAra dekhA ho, punaH usako dUsare sthAna para dekhakara acchI taraha pahacAna lenA vizeSadRSTa anumAna hai| 1 pratyakSapramANa kA vistRta vivaraNa naMdIsUtra ke vivecana meM diyA gayA hai /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 336 upamAna pramANa ke sAdhopanIta aura vaidhopanIta ye do bheda haiN| sAdhopanIta ke kiMcitsAdhopanIta, prAyaHsAdhopanIta aura sarvasAdhopanIta ye tIna prakAra hai| jisameM kucha sAdhamrya ho vaha kiMcit sAdha ryopanIta hai udAharaNa ke lie jaisA Aditya hai vaisA khadyota hai kyoMki donoM hI prakAzita haiN| jaisA candra hai vaisA kumuda hai kyoMki donoM meM zItalatA hai| jisameM lagabhaga samAnatA ho vaha prAyaHsAdhopanIta hai jaise-gAya hai vaisI nIla-gAya hai / jisameM saba prakAra kI samAnatA ho vaha sarvasAdhopanIta hai| yaha upamA deza, kAla Adi kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa anya meM nahIM prApta hotii| ata: usakI usI se upamA denA sarvasAdhopanIta upamAna hai| isameM upameya aura upamAna bhinna nahIM hote| jaise-sAgara sAgara ke sadRza hai / tIrthaGkara tIrthaGkara ke samAna haiN| vaidhopanIta ke kiMcitavaidhopanIta, prAyaHvaidhopanIta aura sarvavaidhopanIta-ye tIna prakAra haiN| Agama do prakAra ke haiM-laukika aura lokottara / mithyAdaSTiyoM ke banAye hue grantha laukika Agama haiN| jinheM pUrNa jJAna prApta ho gayA hai aise sarvajJa, sarvadarzI dvArA pratipAdita dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka-yaha lokottara Agama hai / athavA Agama ke sUtrAgama, arthAgama aura tadubhayAgama athavA AtmAgama, anaMtarAgama aura paramparAgama, isa prakAra tIna bheda haiN| tIrthara dvArA kathita artha unake lie AtmAgama hai| gaNadhararacita sUtra gaNadhara ke lie AtmAgama hai aura artha unake lie paramparAgama hai / usake pazcAt sUtra, artha donoM paramparAgama hai / yaha jJAnaguNapramANa kA varNana hai| darzanaguNapramANa ke cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana guNapramANa ye cAra bheda haiN| cAritraguNapramANa pA~ca prakAra kA hai-sAmAyikacAritra, chedopasthApanIya, parihAravizuddha, sUkSmasaMparAya aura yathAkhyAtacAritra guNapramANa / sAmAyikacAritra itvarika aura yAvatkathita rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| chedopasthApanIyacAritra bhI sAticAra aura niraticAra (sadoSa aura nirdoSa) aise do prakAra kA hai| isI taraha parihAravizuddha, sUkSmasaMparAya aura yathAkhyAta cAritra bhI kramazaH nivizyamAna aura niviSTakAyika, pratipAtI aura apratipAtI, chAdmasthika aura kevalika isa prakAra do-do taraha ke haiN|

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340 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA cAritraguNapramANa ke avAntara bheda-prabhedoM para prastuta Agama meM prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai| ajIvaguNapramANa ke 5 prakAra haiM-varNaguNapramANa, gaMdhaguNapramANa, rasaguNapramANa, sparzaguNapramANa aura sNsthaangunnprmaann| inake kramazaH 5 2, 5, 8 aura 5 bheda pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| yaha guNapramANa kA varNana huaa| ___ bhAvapramANa kA dUsarA bheda nayapramANa hai| naya ke naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta-ye sAta prakAra haiN| prasthaka, vasati evaM pradeza ke dRSTAnta se ina nayoM kA svarUpa samajhAyA hai| bhAvapramANa kA tRtIya bheda saMkhyApramANa hai| vaha nAmasaMkhyA, sthApanAsaMkhyA, dravyasaMkhyA, upamAnasaMkhyA, parimANasaMkhyA, jJAnasaMkhyA, gaNanAsaMkhyA aura bhAvasaMkhyA-isa taraha ATha prakAra kA hai| gaNanAsaMkhyA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hone se usakA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| jisake dvArA gaNanA kI jAya vaha gaNanAsaMkhyA kahalAtI hai| eka kA aMka ginane meM nahIM AtA ataH do se gaNanA kI saMkhyA kA prArambha hotA hai| saMkhyA ke saMkhyeyaka, asaMkhyeyaka aura ananta ye tIna bheda haiN| saMkhyeyaka ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ye tIna bheda haiN| asaMkhyeyaka ke parItAsaMkhyeyaka, yuktAsaMkhyeyaka aura asaMkhyeyAsaMkhyeyaka tathA ina tInoM ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ye tIna-tIna bheda haiN| isa prakAra asaMkhyeyaka ke bheda hue| anantaka ke parItAnaMtaka, yuktAnaMtaka aura anantAnantaka ye tIna bheda haiN| inameM se parItAnaMtaka aura yuktAnantaka ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ye tIna-tIna bheda haiM aura anantAntaka ke jaghanya aura madhyama ye do bheda haiN| isa prakAra kula 8 bheda hote haiN| isa prakAra saMkhyeyaka ke 3, asaMkhyeyaka ke hai aura anantaka ke kula 20 bheda hue| yaha bhAvapramANa kA varNana haa| hamane pUrva pRSThoM meM sAmAyika ke cAra anuyogadvAroM meM se prathama anuyogadvAra upakrama ke AnupUrvI, nAma, pramANa, vaktavyatA, arthAdhikAra aura samavatAra ye 6 bheda kiye the| unameM AnupUrvI, nAma aura pramANa para cintana kiyA jA cukA hai| avazeSa 3 para cintana karanA hai| vaktavyatA ke svasamayavaktavyatA, parasamayavaktavyatA aura ubhayasamayavaktavyatA ye tIna prakAra haiN| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya Adi

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 341 sva-siddhAntoM kA varNana karanA svasamayavaktavyatA hai| anya matoM ke siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA karanA parasamayavaktavyatA hai| svapara ubhaya matoM kI vyAkhyA karanA ubhayasamayavaktavyatA hai| jo jisa adhyayana kA artha hai arthAt viSaya hai vahI usa adhyayana kA arthAdhikAra hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaise AvazyakasUtra ke 6 adhyayanoM kA sAvadyayoga se nivRtta honA hI usakA viSayAdhikAra hai vahI arthAdhikAra kahalAtA hai / samavatAra kA tAtparya yaha hai ki AnupUrvI Adi jo dvAra haiM unameM una una viSayoM kA samavatAra karanA arthAt sAmAyika Adi adhyayanoM kI AnupUrvI Adi pA~ca bAteM vicAra kara yojanA krnaa| samavatAranAma ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva samavatAra isa prakAra chaha bheda haiM / dravyoM kA svaguNa kI apekSA se AtmabhAva meM avatIrNa honAvyavahAranaya kI apekSA se pararUpa meM avatIrNa honA Adi dravya samavatAra hai / kSetra kA bhI sva-rUpa, para-rUpa aura ubhayarUpa se samavatAra hotA hai / kAlasamavatAra zvAsocchvAsa se saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura anantakAla (jisakA vistAra pUrva meM de cuke haiM) taka kA hotA hai| bhAvasamavatAra ke bhI do bheda haiM- AtmabhAva samavatAra aura tadubhaya smvtaar| bhAva kA apane hI svarUpa meM samavatIrNa honA AtmabhAva samavatAra kahalAtA hai| jaise--krodha kA krodha ke rUpa meM samavatIrNa honA / bhAva kA sva-rUpa aura para-rUpa donoM meM samavatAra honA tadubhaya bhAvasamavatAra hai| jaise- krodha kA krodha ke rUpa meM samavatAra hone ke sAtha hI mAna ke rUpa meM samavatAra honA tadubhaya bhAvasamavatAra hai / * anuyogadvArasUtra meM adhika bhAga upakrama kI carcA meM le rakhA hai / zeSa tIna nikSepa saMkSepa meM haiM / prastuta grantha kI racanA aisI hai ki jJAtavya viSayoM kA pratipAdana upakrama meM hI kara diyA hai jisase bAda ke viSayoM ko samajhanA atyanta sarala ho jAtA hai / nikSepa, yaha anuyogadvAra kA dUsarA dvAra hai| upakrama ke pazcAt nikSepa para cintana sarala ho jAtA hai| ataH nikSepa para cintana karate hue oghaniSpanna nikSepa, nAmaniSpannanikSepa aura sUtrAlApakaniSpannanikSepaisa prakAra tIna bheda kiye haiN| oghaniSpannanikSepa, adhyayana, akSINa, Aya aura kSapaNA ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra kA hai| adhyayana ke nAmAdhyayana,

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sthApanAdhyayana, dravyAdhyayana aura bhAvAdhyayana ye cAra bheda haiN| akSINa ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ye cAra bheda haiN| ina cAra meM bhAvAkSINatA ke AgamataH bhAvAkSINatA aura noAgamataH bhAvAkSINatA ye do bheda haiN| akSINa zabda ke artha ko upayogapUrvaka jAnanA AgamataH bhAvAkSINatA kahalAtI hai| jo vyaya karane para bhI kiMcitmAtra bhI kSINa na ho vaha AgamataH bhAvAkSINatA kahalAtI hai| jaise-- eka jagamagAte dIpaka se zatAghika dIpaka prajjvalita kiye jA sakate haiM kintu usase dIpaka kI jyoti kSINa nahIM hotI vaise hI AcArya zruta kA dAna dete haiN| ve svayaM bhI zrutajJAna se dIpta rahate haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI pradIpta karate haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki zruta kA kSINa na honA bhAvAkSINatA hai / 342 Aya ke nAma, sthApanAdi cAra bheda haiN| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA lAbha prazasta Aya hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kI prApti aprazasta Aya hai| kSapaNA ke nAma, sthApanAdi cAra bheda haiM / kSapaNA kA artha nirjarA, kSaya hai| krodhAdi kA kSaya honA prazasta kSapaNA hai| jJAnAdi kA naSTa honA aprazasta kSapaNA hai| oghaniSpannanikSepa ke vivecana ke pazcAt nAmaniSpannanikSepa kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai-jisa vastu kA nAma nikSepa niSpanna ho cukA hai use nAmaniSpanna nikSepa kahate haiM, jaise sAmAyika / isake bhI nAmAdi cAra bheda haiN| bhAvasAmAyika kA vivecana vistAra se kiyA hai aura bhAvasAmAyika karane vAle zramaNa kA Adarza prastuta karate hue batAyA haijisakI AtmA sabhI prakAra se sAvadya vyApAra se nivRtta hokara mUlaguNarUpa saMyama, uttaraguNarUpa niyama tathA tapa Adi meM lIna hai usI ko bhAvasAmAyika kA anupama lAbha prApta hotA hai| jo sa aura sthAvara sabhI prANiyoM ko Atmavat dekhatA hai, unake prati samabhAva rakhatA hai vahI sAmAyika kA saccA adhikArI hai| jisa prakAra mujhe duHkha priya nahIM hai vaise hI anya prANiyoM ko bhI duHkha priya nahIM hai| aisA jAnakara jo na kisI anya prANI kA hanana karatA hai, na karavAtA hai aura na karate hue kI anumodanA hI karatA hai vaha zramaNa hai, Adi / sUtrAlApaka nikSepa vaha hai jisameM 'karemi bhaMte sAmAiyaM' Adi padoM

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bAhya Agama sAhitya 343 kA nAmAdi bhedapUrvaka vyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| isameM sUtra kA zuddha aura spaSTa rUpa se uccAraNa karane kI sUcanA dI hai| anuyogadvAra kA tRtIya dvAra anugama hai| usake sUtrAnugama aura niyuktyanugama ye do bheda haiN| niryuktyanugama ke tIna bheda haiM-nikSepaniyuktyanugama, upodghAtaniryuktyanugama, aura sUtrasparika niyuktyanugama | isameM nikSepaniryuktyanugama kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| upodghAtaniryuktyanugama ke uddeza, nirdeza, nirgama Adi chabbIsa bheda batAye haiM / sUtrasparzika niyuktyanugama kA artha hai- askhalita, amilita--- anya sUtroM ke pAThoM se asaMyukta pratipUrNa ghoSayukta, kaNTha - oSTha se vipramuktaka tathA gurumukha se grahaNa kiye hue uccAraNa se yukta sUtroM ke padoM kA svasiddhAnta ke anurUpa vivecana karanA / anuyogadvAra kA cauthA dvAra naya hai| isameM naigama, saMgraha Adi sAta mUla nayoM kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| naya jainadarzana kI AdhArazilA haiN| nayadvAra ke vivecana ke sAtha hI cAroM prakAra ke anuyogadvAra kA varNana pUrNa hotA hai| isa prakAra anuyogadvArasUtra meM bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa jaina pAribhASika zabda- siddhAntoM kA vivecana hai| upakrama nikSepa zailI kI pradhAnatA aura sAtha hI bheda-prabhedoM kI pracuratA hone se yaha Agama anya AgamoM se kliSTa hai tathApi janadarzana ke rahasya ko samajhane ke lie yaha atIva upayogI hai / jaina Agama kI prAcIna cUrNi TIkAoM ke prArambha ke bhAga ko dekhate hue jJAta hotA hai ki samagra nirUpaNa meM vahI paddhati apanAI gaI hai jo anuyogadvAra meM hai| yaha sirpha zvetAmbarasammata jaina AgamoM kI TIkAoM para hI nahIM lAgU hotA varan digambaroM ne bhI yaha paddhati apanAI hai| isakA pramANa digambara sammata SaTkhaMDAgama Adi prAcIna zAstroM kI TIkA se milatA hai| isase isakI prAcInatA kA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| anuyogadvAra meM sAMskRtika sAmagrI bhI pracura mAtrA meM hai| saMgIta ke sAta svara, svarasthAna, gAyaka ke lakSaNa, grAma, mUcrchanAe~, saMgIta ke guNa aura doSa, navarasa, sAmudrika lakSaNa, 108 aMgula ke mApa vAle, zaMkhAdi cinha vAle, masa, tila Adi vyaMjana vAle uttama puruSa Adi batAye gaye haiM / nimitta ke sambandha meM bhI prakAza DAlA hai jaise AkAza darzana aura nakSatrAdi ke prazasta hone para

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344 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA suvRSTi aura aprazasta hone para durbhikSa Adi / isa taraha isameM sAMskRtika va sAmAjika varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| 2 * anuyogadvAra ke raciyatA yA saMkalanakartA Arya rakSita mAne jAte haiN| AryarakSita se pahale yaha paddhati thI ki AcArya apane medhAvI ziSyoM ko choTe-bar3e sabhI sUtroM kI vAcanA dete samaya cAroM anuyogoM kA unheM bodha karA dete the| usa vAcanA kA kyA rUpa thA vaha Aja hamAre samakSa nahIM hai, tathApi itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve vAcanA dete samaya pratyeka sUtra para AcAradharma, usake pAlanakartA, unake sAdhana kSetra kA vistAra aura niyama grahaNa kI koTi evaM bhaMga Adi kA varNana kara sabhI anuyogoM kA eka sAtha bodha karAte the / isI vAcanA ko apRthaktvAnuyoga kahA gayA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai ki jaba caraNakaraNAnuyoga Adi cAroM anuyogoM kA pratyeka sUtra para vicAra kiyA jAya to vaha apRthaktvAnuyoga hai| pRthaktvAnuyoga meM vibhinna naya dRSTiyoM kA avataraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura usameM pratyeka sUtra para vistAra se carcA kI jAtI hai|" Arya va svAmI taka kAlika AgamoM ke anuyoga (vAcanA ) meM anuyogoM kA apRthaktva rUpa rhaa| usake pazcAt AryarakSita ne kAlika zruta aura dRSTivAda ke pRthak anuyoga kI vyavasthA kii| kAraNa ki AryarakSita ke dharmazAsana meM jJAnI, dhyAnI, tapasvI aura vAdI sabhI prakAra ke santa the / una ziSyoM meM puSyamitra nAma ke tIna viziSTa mahAmedhAvI ziSya the / unameM se eka kA nAma durbalikApuSyamitra, dUsare kA ghRtapuSyamitra aura tIsare kA vastrapuSyamitra thA / ghRtapuSyamitra aura vastrapuSyamitra kI labdhi kA yaha prabhAva thA ki pratyeka gRhastha ke ghara se zramaNoM ko ghRta aura vastra saharSa upalabdha hote the / durbalikApuSyamitra nirantara svAdhyAya meM tallIna rahate the / AryarakSita ke anya muni vindha, phalgurakSita, goSThAmAhila pratibhAsampanna ziSya the / unheM jitanA sUtrapATha AcArya se prApta hotA thA usase 1 'naMdIsutaM aNuyogadArAI' kI prastAvanA, pR0 52 se 70 2 apuhuttamegabhAvo sutte sute suvittharaM jattha / bhannaMtaNuogA caraNadhammasaMkhANadavvANaM | - Avazyaka malayagirivRtti, pR0 383 (vahI) 3 jAvaMti ajjavairA apuhataM kAliyANuoge ya / teNAreNa puttaM kAliyasuya diTTivAye ya //

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 345 unheM saMtoSa nahIM hotA thA ataH unhoMne eka pRthak vAcanAcArya kI vyavasthA ke lie prArthanA kii| AcArya ne durbalikApuSyamitra ko isake lie niyukta kiyaa| kucha dinoM ke pazcAt durbalikApuSyamitra ne AcArya se nivedana kiyA ki vAcanA dene meM samaya laga jAne ke kAraNa maiM paThitajJAna kA punarAvartana nahIM kara pAtA, ata: vismaraNa ho rahA hai| AcArya ko Azcarya huA ki itane medhAvI ziSya kI bhI yaha sthiti hai ! ataH unhoMne pratyeka sUtra ke anuyoga pRthaka-pRthak kara diye / apariNAmI aura atipariNAmI ziSya naya dRSTi kA mUlabhAva nahIM samajhakara kahIM kabhI ekAntajJAna, ekAntakriyA, ekAntanizcaya athavA ekAntavyavahAra ko hI upAdeya na mAna leM tathA sUkSma viSaya meM mithyAbhAva nahIM grahaNa kareM etadartha nayoM kA vibhAga nahIM kiyaa| anuyogadvAra kA racanA samaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 527 se pUrva mAnA gayA hai aura kitane hI vidvAn use dUsarI zatAbdI kI racanA mAnate haiN| Agama prabhAvaka puNyavijayajI mahArAja Adi kA yaha mantavya hai ki anuyoga kA pRthakkaraNa to AcArya AryarakSita ne kiyA kintu anuyogadvArasUtra kI racanA unhoMne hI kI ho aisA nizcitarUpa se nahIM kaha skte| 1 (ka) Avazyaka malayagirivRtti, pR0 366 (kha) prabhAvakacaritra 240-243, pR0 17 (ga) RSimaMDalastotra 210

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chedAgama sAhitya vazAdha taskandha [] bRhatkalpa [3] vyavahAra * nizIya Avazyaka

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1. dazAzrutaskandha chedasUtroM meM jaina zramaNoM kI AcAra-saMhitA para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa sampUrNa vivecana ko utsarga, apavAda, doSa aura prAyazcitta ina cAra vargoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| utsarga kA artha hai kisI viSaya kA sAmAnya vidhaan| apavAda kA artha hai .....paristhiti vizeSa kI dRSTi se vizeSa vidhAna / doSa kA artha hai-utsarga aura apavAda mArga kA bhaMga / aura prAyazcitta kA artha hai-vrata bhaMga hone para samucita daMDa lekara usakA zuddhIkaraNa krnaa| kisI bhI vidhAna ke lie ye cAra bAteM Avazyaka haiM / sarvaprathama niyama kA nirmANa hotA hai| usake pazcAt deza, kAla, paristhiti ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara kiMcit chUTa dI jAtI hai| paristhiti vizeSa ke lie apavAda vyavasthA hotI hai| jina doSoM ke lagane kI sambhAvanA hotI hai unakI sUcI bhI chedasUtroM meM dI gaI hai| isakA uddezya hai ki una doSoM se bacA jA ske| yadi sAdhaka una doSoM kA sevana karatA hai to usake lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| prAyazcitta se purAne doSoM kI zuddhi hotI hai aura navIna doSa na lageM isake lie sAdhaka sAvadhAna hotA hai| jisa prakAra chedasUtroM meM varNana hai vaise hI bauddha bhikSuoM ke AcAravicAra kA varNana vinayapiTaka meM hai / isake sAtha chedasUtroM kI sahaja rUpa se tulanA ho sakatI hai| AcAradharma ke gahana rahasyoM evaM vizuddha AcAravicAra ko samajhane ke lie chedasUtroM kA parijJAna karanA Avazyaka hai| . dazAzrutaskandha chedasUtra hai| chedasUtra ke do kArya haiM doSoM se bacAnA aura pramAdavaza lage hue doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna krnaa| isameM doSoM se bacane kA vidhAna hai| ThANAMga meM isakA aparanAma AcAradazA prApta hotA hai| dazAzrutaskandha meM daza adhyayana haiM, isalie isakA nAma dazAzrutaskandha hai| dazAzrutaskandha kA 1830 anuSTupa zloka pramANa upalabdha pATha hai / 216 gadyasUtra haiN| 52 padyasUtra haiN| prathama uddezaka meM 20 asamAdhisthAnoM kA varNana hai| jisa satkArya ke karane se citta meM zAMti ho, AtmA jJAna-darzana-cAritra rUpa mokSamArga

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA meM avasthita rahe vaha samAdhi hai aura jisa kArya se citta meM aprazasta evaM azAnta bhAva hoM, jJAna darzana cAritra Adi mokSamArga se AtmA bhraSTa ho vaha asamAdhi hai / asamAdhi ke bIsa prakAra haiN| jaise-jaldI-jaldI calanA, binA pUMje rAtri meM calanA, binA upayoga saba daihika kArya karanA, gurujanoM kA apamAna, nindA Adi krnaa| ina kAryoM ke AcaraNa se svayaM va anya jIvoM ko asamAdhibhAva utpanna hotA hai / sAdhaka kI AtmA dUSita hotI hai| usakA pavitra caritra malina hotA hai| ataH use asamAdhisthAna kahA hai / " 348 dvitIya uddezaka meM 21 zabala doSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai; jina kAryoM ke karane se cAritra kI nirmalatA naSTa ho jAtI hai / cAritra *mala klinna hone se vaha karbura ho jAtA hai / isalie unheM zabaladoSa kahate haiM / " 'zabalaM karburaM citram' zabala kA artha citravarNA hai / hastamaithuna, strI-sparza Adi, rAtri meM bhojana lenA aura karanA, AdhAkarmI, auddezika AhAra kA lenA, pratyAkhyAnabhaMga, mAyAsthAna kA sevana karanA Adi-Adi ye saba zabala doSa haiN| uttaraguNoM meM atikramAdi cAra doSoM kA evaM mUlaguNoM meM anAcAra ke atirikta tIna doSoM kA sevana karane se cAritrazabala hotA hai| tIsare uddezaka meM 33 prakAra kI AzAtanAoM kA varNana hai| jainAcAryoM ne AzAtanA zabda kI nirukti atyanta sundara kI hai| samyagdarzanAdi AdhyAtmika guNoM kI prApti ko Aya kahate haiM aura zAtanA kA artha khaNDana hai| sadgurudeva Adi mahAn puruSoM kA apamAna karane se samyagdarzanAdi sadguNoM kI AzAtanA - khaNDanA hotI hai / 1 samAdhAnaM samAdhiH cetasaH svAsthyaM, mokSamArge'vasthitirityarthaH na samAdhirasamAdhistasya sthAnAni AzrayA bhedA: paryAyA asamAdhi sthAnAni / - AcArya haribhadra 2 zabalaM - karburaM cAritraM yaH kriyAvizeSairbhavati te zabalAstadyogAtsAdhavo'pi / - abhayadevakRta samavAyAMgaTIkA 3 AyaH samyagdarzanAdyavApti lakSaNastasya zAtanA - khaNDanA niruktAdAzAtanA / - AcArya abhayadevakRta samavAyAMgaTIkA 'TaraNA NAmaM nAgAdi Ayassa sAtaNA / yakAra lopaM kRtvA AzAtanA bhavati / - AcArya jinavAsa AvazyakacUrNi

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 346 * ziSya kA guru ke Age, samazreNi meM, atyanta samIpa meM gamana karanA, khar3A honA, baiThanA Adi; guru se pUrva kisI se sambhASaNa karanA, guru ke vacanoM kI jAnakara avahelanA karanA, bhikSA se lauTane para AlocanA na karanA, Adi-Adi AzAtanA ke tetIsa prakAra haiN| caturtha uddezaka meM prakAra kI gaNisaMpadAoM kA varNana hai| zramaNoM ke samudAya ko gaNa kahate haiM / gaNa kA adhipati gaNI hotA hai| gaNisampadA ke ATha prakAra haiM-AcArasampadA, zrutasampadA, zarIrasampadA, vacanasampadA, vAcanAsampadA, matisampadA, prayogamatisampadA aura sNgrhprijnyaasmpdaa| AcArasampadA ke-saMyama meM dhruvayogayukta honA, ahaMkArarahita honA, aniyatavRtti honA, vRddhasvabhAvI (acaMcalasvabhAvI)-ye cAra prakAra haiN| zrutasampadA ke bahuzrutatA, paricitazrutatA, vicitrazrutatA, ghoSavizuddhi kArakatA-ye cAra prakAra haiN| zarIrasampadA ke zarIra kI lambAI va caur3AI kA samyaka anupAta, alajjAspada zarIra, sthira saMgaThana, pratipUrNa indriyatA-ye cAra bheda haiN| vacanasampadA ke Adeyavacana-grahaNa karane yogya vANI, madhura vacana, anizrita-pratibandharahita, asaMdigdha vacana-ye cAra prakAra haiN| . vAcanAsampadA ke vicArapUrvaka vAcyaviSaya kA uddezya nirdeza karanA, vicArapUrvaka vAcana karanA, upayukta viSaya kA hI vivecana karanA, artha kA sunizcita rUpa se nirUpaNa karanA-ye cAra bheda haiN| __ matisampadA ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA-ye cAra prakAra haiN| avagraha matisampadA ke kSipragrahaNa, bahugrahaNa, bahuvidhagrahaNa, dhruvagrahaNa, anizritagrahaNa aura asaMdigdhagrahaNa-ye chaha bheda haiN| isI prakAra IhA aura avAya ke bhI chaha-chaha prakAra haiN| dhAraNA matisampadA ke bahadhAraNa, bahuvidhadhAraNa, purAtanadhAraNa, durddharadhAraNa, anizritadhAraNa aura asaMdigdhadhAraNa-ye chaha prakAra haiN| prayogamatisampadA ke svayaM kI zakti ke anusAra vAda-vivAda karanA, pariSada ko dekhakara vAda-vivAda karanA, kSetra ko dekhakara vAdavivAda karanA, kAla ko dekhakara vAda-vivAda karanA-ye cAra prakAra haiN|

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350 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA saMgrahaparijJAsampadA ke varSAkAla meM sabhI muniyoM ke nivAsa ke lie yogyasthAna kI parIkSA karanA, sabhI zramaNoM ke lie prAtihArika pITha, phalaka, zayyA, saMstAraka kI vyavasthA karanA, niyamita samaya para pratyeka kArya karanA, apane se jyeSTha zramaNoM kA satkAra sanmAna karanA-ye bheda haiN| gaNisampadAoM ke varNana ke pazcAt tatsambandhI caturvidha vinayapratipatti para ciMtana karate hue AcAravinaya, zrutavinaya, vikSepaNAvinaya aura doSanirghAta vinaya batAye haiN| yaha caturvidha vinaya pratipatti hai jo gurusambandhI vinaya pratipatti kahalAtI hai| isI prakAra ziSya sambandhI vinaya pratipatti bhI upakaraNotpAdanatA, sahAyatA, varNasaMjvalanatA (guNAnuvAditA) bhArapratyavarohaNatA hai| ina pratyeka ke puna: cAra-cAra prakAra haiN| isa prakAra prastuta uddezaka meM kUla 32 prakAra kI vinaya pratipatti kA vizleSaNa hai| pAMcaveM uddezaka meM daza prakAra kI cittasamAdhi kA varNana hai| dharmabhAvanA, svapnadarzana, jAtismaraNajJAna, devadarzana, avadhijJAna, avadhidarzana, mana:paryavajJAna, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, kevalamaraNa (nirvANa)-ina daza sthAnoM ke varNana ke sAtha mohanIya karma kI viziSTatA para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| chaThe uddezaka meM gyAraha prakAra kI upAsaka pratimAoM kA varNana hai| pratimAoM ke varNana ke pUrva mithyAdRSTi ke svabhAva kA citraNa karate hae batAyA hai ki vaha nyAya yA anyAya kA kiJcit mAtra bhI binA khyAla kiye daMDa pradAna karatA hai| jaise sampattiharaNa, muMDana, tarjana, tAr3ana, aMduka bandhana (sAMkala se bAMdhanA), nigaDabandhana, kASThabandhana, cArakabandhana (kArAgRha meM DAlanA), nigaDayugala saMkuTana (aMgoM ko mor3akara bA~dhanA), hasta, pAda, karNa, nAsikA, oSTha, zIrSa, mukha, veda Adi kA chedana karanA, hRdayautpATana, nayanAdi utpATana, ullaMbana (vRkSAdi para laTakAnA) gharSaNa, gholana, zUlAyana (zulI para laTakAnA), zUlAbhedana, kSAravartana (jakhmoM Adi para namakAdi chir3akanA) darbhavartana (ghAsAdi se pIr3A pahu~cAnA), siMhapuJchana, vRSabhapuJchana, dAvAgnidagdhana, bhaktapAnanirodha prabhRti daMDa dekara Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| kintu samyagdRSTi Astika hotA hai va upAsaka bana ekAdaza pratimAoM kI sAdhanA karatA hai| ina gyAraha upAsaka pratimAoM kA varNana hama pUrva adhyAya meM upAsakadazAMga ke antargata kara cuke haiN|

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 351 pratimAdhAraka zrAvaka pratimA kI pUrti ke pazcAt saMyama grahaNa kara letA hai aisA kucha AcAryoM kA abhimata hai| kArtika seTha ne 100 bAra pratimA grahaNa kI thI aisA ullekha prApta hotA hai| sAtaveM uddezaka meM zramaNa kI pratimAoM kA varNana hai| ye bhikSupratimAe~ 12 haiN| prathama pratimAdhArI bhikSa ko eka datti anna kI aura eka datti pAnI kI lenA kalpatA hai| zramaNa ke pAtra meM dAtA dvArA diye jAne vAle anna aura jala kI dhArA jaba taka akhaNDa banI rahatI hai use datti kahate haiN| jahA~ eka vyakti ke lie bhojana banA ho vahA~ se lenA kalpatA hai| jahA~ do, tIna yA adhika vyaktiyoM ke lie banA ho vahA~ se nahIM le sktaa| isakA samaya eka mAsa kA hai| dUsarI pratimA bhI eka mAsa kI hai| usameM do datti AhAra kI aura do datti pAnI kI lI jAtI haiN| isI prakAra tIsarI, cauthI, pAMcavIM, chaThI aura sAtavIM pratimAoM meM kramazaH tIna, cAra, pA~ca, chaha aura sAta datti anna kI aura utanI hI datti pAnI kI grahaNa kI jAtI haiN| pratyeka pratimA kA samaya eka-eka mAsa hai| kevala dattiyoM kI vRddhi ke kAraNa hI trimAsika se saptamAsika kramaza: kahalAtI haiN| ___ AThavIM pratimA sAta dina-rAta kI hotI hai| isameM ekAntara cauvihAra upavAsa karanA hotA hai| gAMva ke bAhara AkAza kI ora muMha karake sIdhA dekhanA, eka karavaTa se leTanA aura niSadyAsana (pairoM ko barAbara karake) baiThanA, upasarga Ane para zAntacitta se sahana karanA, hotA hai| navI pratimA bhI sAta rAtri kI hotI hai| isameM cauvihAra bele-bele pAraNA kiyA jAtA hai| gAMva ke bAhara ekAnta sthAna meM daNDAsana, laguDAsana yA utkaTukAsana karake dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| dasavIM pratimA bhI sAta rAtri kI hotI hai| isameM cauvihAra tele-tele pAraNA kiyA jAtA hai| gAMva ke bAhara godohanAsana, vIrAsana aura AmrakubjAsana se dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| __gyArahavIM pratimA eka ahorAtri kI hotI hai| ATha prahara taka isakI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| cauvihAra belA isameM kiyA jAtA hai| nagara ke bAhara donoM hAthoM ko ghuTanoM kI ora lambA karake daNDa kI taraha khar3e rahakara kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai|

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352 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bArahavIM pratimA kevala eka rAtri kI hai| isakA ArAdhana tele se kiyA jAtA hai| gAMva ke bAhara zmazAna meM khar3e hokara mastaka ko thor3A jhakAkara kisI eka pudgala para dRSTi rakhakara ninimeSa netroM se nizcitatApUrvaka kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| upasarga Ane para samabhAva se sahana kiyA jAtA hai| ina pratimAoM meM sthita zramaNa ke lie anya aneka vidhAna bhI kiye gaye haiN| jaise-koI vyakti pratimAdhArI nirgrantha hai to use bhikSAkAla ko tIna vibhAga meM vibhAjita karake bhikSA lenI cAhiye ----Adi, madhya aura carama / Adi bhAga meM bhikSA ke lie jAne para madhya aura carama bhAga meM nahIM jAnA caahiye| mAsikI pratimA meM sthita zramaNa jahAM koI jAnatA ho vahA~ eka rAta raha sakatA hai| jahA~ use koI bhI nahIM jAnatA vahA~ vaha do rAta raha sakatA hai| isase adhika rahane para utane hI dina kA cheda athavA tapa prAyazcitta lagatA hai| isI prakAra aura bhI kaThora anuzAsana kA vidhAna kiyA hai jise par3hakara jaina AcAra kI kaThoratA kA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| jaise koI upAzraya meM Aga lagA de to bhI use upAzraya se bAhara nahIM nikalanA cAhiye aura yadi bAhara ho to bhItara nahIM jAnA caahie| yadi koI pakar3akara use bAhara khIMcane kA prayatna kare to use haTha na karate hue sAvadhAnIpUrvaka bAhara nikala jAnA caahie| isI taraha sAmane yadi madonmatta hAthI, ghor3A, baila, kuttA, vyAghra Adi A jAe~ to bhI use unase Darakara eka kadama bhI pIche nahIM haTanA cAhiye / zItalatA tathA uSNatA ke parISaha ko dhairyapUrvaka sahana karanA caahiye| AThaveM uddezaka (dazA) meM paryuSaNA kalpa kA varNana hai| paryuSaNa zabda "pari" upasarga pUrvaka vas dhAtu se 'ana:' pratyaya lagakara banA hai| isakA artha hai-AtmA ke samIpa rahanA, parabhAva se haTakara svabhAva meM ramaNa karanA, Atmamajjana, AtmaramaNa yA Atmastha honaa| paryuSaNA kalpa kA dUsarA artha hai eka sthAna para nivAsa krnaa| vaha sAlaMbana yA nirAvalaMbana rUpa do prakAra kA hai| sAlaMbana kA artha hai sakAraNa aura nirAvalaMbana kA artha hai kAraNarahita / nirAvalaMbana ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa do bheda haiN| paryuSaNA ke paryAyavAcI zabda isa prakAra haiM-(1) pariyAya vatthavaNA (2) pajjosamaNA (3) pAgaiyA (4) parivasanA (5) pajjusaNA (6) vAsA- . vAsa (7) paDhamasamosaraNa (8) ThavaNA aura (8) jeTThoggaha /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 353 .. ye sabhI nAma ekArthaka haiM, tathApi vyutpatti-bheda ke AdhAra para kiMcit arthabheda bhI hai aura yaha arthabheda pa\SaNA se sambandhita vividha paramparAoM evaM usa niyata kAla meM kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM kA mahattvapUrNa nidarzana karAtA hai| ina arthoM se kucha aitihAsika tathya bhI vyakta hote haiN| paryuSaNA kAla ke AdhAra se kAlagaNanA karake dIkSAparyAya kI jyeSThatA va kaniSThatA ginI jAtI hai| paryuSaNAkAla eka prakAra kA varSamAna ginA jAtA hai| ata: paryuSaNA ko dIkSA paryAya kI avasthA kA kAraNa mAnA hai| varSAvAsa meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva sambandhI kucha vizeSa kriyAoM kA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai ata: paryuSaNa kA dUsarA nAma pajjosamaNA hai| tIsarA, gRhastha Adi ke lie samAnabhAvena ArAdhanIya hone se yaha 'pAgaiyA' yAni prAkRtika kahalAtA hai| isa niyata avadhi meM sAdhaka AtmA ke adhika nikaTa rahane kA prayatna karatA hai ataH vaha parivasanA bhI kahA jAtA hai| paryuSaNA kA artha sevA bhI hai| isa kAla meM sAdhaka AtmA ke jJAna-darzanAdi guNoM kI sevAupAsanA karatA hai ata: use pajjusaNA kahate haiN| isa kalpa meM zramaNa eka sthAna para cAra mAsa taka nivAsa karatA hai ataeva ise vAsAvAsa-varSAvAsa kahA gayA hai| koI vizeSa kAraNa na ho to prAvRT (varSA) kAla meM hI cAturmAsa vyatIta karane yogya kSetra meM praveza kiyA jAtA hai ataH ise prathamasamavasaraNa kahate haiN| Rtubaddha kAla kI apekSA se isakI maryAdAe~ bhinna-bhinna hotI haiM ataeva yaha ThavaNA (sthApanA) hai| Rtubaddha kAla meM eka-eka mAsa kA kSetrAvagraha hotA hai kintu varSAkAla meM cAra mAsa kA hotA hai ataeva ise jeTThoggaha (jyeSThAvagraha) kahA hai| agara sAdhu ASAr3hI pUrNimA taka niyata sthAna para A pahu~cA ho aura varSAvAsa kI ghoSaNA kara dI ho to zrAvaNa kRSNA paMcamI se hI varSAvAsa prArambha ho jAtA hai| upayukta kSetra na milane para zrAvaNa kRSNA dazamI ko, phira bhI yogya kSetra kI prApti na ho to zrAvaNa kRSNA paMcadazamI-amAvasyA ko varSAvAsa prArambha karanA caahie| itane para bhI yogya kSetra na mile to

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354 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pAMca-pAMca dina bar3hAte hue antataH bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI taka to varSAvAsa prArambha kara denA anivArya mAnA gayA hai| isa samaya taka bhI upayukta kSetra prApta na huA ho to vRkSa ke nIce hI paryuSaNA kalpa karanA caahie| para isa tithi kA kisI bhI paristhiti meM ullaMghana nahIM karanA caahie| ___vartamAna meM jo paryuSaNA kalpasUtra hai, vaha dazAzrutaskandha kA hI AThavAM adhyayana hai| dazAzrutaskandha kI prAcInatama pratiyA~, jo caudahavIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI haiM, unameM AThaveM adhyayana meM pUrNa kalpasUtra AyA hai| jo yaha spaSTa pramANita karatA hai ki kalpasUtra svatantra racanA nahIM kintu dazAzrutaskandha kA hI AThavAM akyayana hai| dUsarI bAta dazAzrutaskandha para jo dvitIya bhadrabAha kI niyukti hai, jinakA samaya vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI hai, usameM aura usa niyukti ke AdhAra se nirmita cUNi meM, dazAzrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyayana meM jo vartamAna meM paryuSaNA kalpasUtra pracalita hai, usake padoM kI vyAkhyA milatI hai| muni zrI puNyavijayajI kA abhimata hai ki dazAzrutaskandha kI cUNi lagabhaga solaha sau varSa purAnI hai| __ kalpasUtra ke pahale sUtra meM 'teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre.... aura aMtima sUtra meM........"bhujjo bhujjo uvadaMsei' pATha hai| vahI pATha dazAzrutaskandha ke AThaveM uddezaka (dazA) meM haiN| yahA~ para zeSa pATha ko 'jAva' zabda ke antargata saMkSepa kara diyA hai| vartamAna meM jo pATha upalabdha hai usameM kevala paMcakalyANa kA hI nirUpaNa hai jisakA paryuSaNA kalpa ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| ata: spaSTa hai ki paryuSaNA kalpa isa adhyayana meM pUrNa kalpasUtra thaa| kalpasUtra aura dazAzrutaskandha ina donoM ke racayitA bhadrabAhu haiN| isalie donoM eka hI racanAkAra kI racanA hone se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kalpasUtra dazAzrutaskandha kA AThavA~ adhyayana hI hai| vRtti, cUNi, pRthvIcaMda TippaNa aura anya kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM se yaha spaSTa pramANita hai| ___ nave uddezaka meM 30 mahAmohanIya sthAnoM kA varNana hai| AtmA ko AvRtta karane vAle pudgala karma kahalAte haiN| mohanIyakarma una saba meM pramukha hai| mohanIyakarmabaMdha ke kAraNoM kI koI maryAdA nahIM hai, tathApi zAstrakAra ne mohanIya karmabaMdha ke hetubhUta kAraNoM ke tIsa bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| inameM duradhyavasAya kI tIvratA aura ka ratA itanI mAtrA meM hotI hai ki

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aMga Agama sAhitya 355 kabhI-kabhI mahAmohanIyakarma kA bandha ho jAtA hai jisase AtmA 70 koTAkoTi sAgaropama taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| AcArya haribhadra tathA jinadAsagaNI mahattara kevala mohanIya zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| uttarAdhyayana, samavAyAMga aura dazAzrutaskandha meM bhI mohanIya sthAna kahA hai / kintu bhedoM ke ullekha meM 'mahAmohaM pakubvAi' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / ve sthAna jaise ki - trasa jIvoM ko pAnI meM DubAkara mAranA, unako zvAsa Adi roka kara mAranA, mastaka para gIlA camar3A Adi bAMdhakara mAranA, guptarIti se anAcAra kA sevana karanA, mithyA kalaMka lagAnA, bAlabrahmacArI na hote hue bhI bAlabrahmacArI kahalAnA, kevalajJAnI kI nindA karanA, bahuzruta na hote hue bhI 'bahuzruta kahalAnA, jAdU-TonA Adi karanA, kAmotpAdaka vikathAoM kA bAra-bAra prayoga karanA, Adi haiN| daza uddezaka (dazA) kA nAma 'AyatisthAna' hai / isameM vibhinna nidAnoM kA varNana hai / nidAna kA artha hai-moha ke prabhAva se kAmAdi icchAoM kI utpatti ke kAraNa hone vAlA icchApUrtimUlaka saMkalpa / jaba mAnava ke antarmAnasa meM moha ke prabala prabhAva se vAsanAeM udbhUta hotI haiM taba vaha unakI pUrti ke lie dRr3ha saMkalpa karatA hai / yaha saMkalpavizeSa hI nidAna hai / nidAna ke kAraNa mAnava kI icchAeM bhaviSya meM bhI nirantara banI rahatI haiM jisase vaha janma-maraNa kI paramparA se mukta nahIM ho pAtA / bhaviSyakAlIna janma-maraNa kI dRSTi se prastuta uddezaka kA nAma AyatisthAna rakhA gayA hai / Ayati kA artha janma yA jAti hai| nidAna janma kA kAraNa hone se AyatisthAna mAnA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to Ayati meM se 'ti' pRthak kara lene para 'Aya' avaziSTa rahatA hai| Aya kA artha lAbha hai| jisa nidAna se janma-maraNa kA lAbha hotA hai usakA nAma Ayati hai / isa dazA meM varNana hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjagRha pdhaare| rAjA zreNika va mahArAnI belanA bhagavAna ke vandana hetu phuNce| rAjA zreNika ke divya va bhavya rUpa aura mahAn samRddhi ko nihAra kara zramaNa socane lage- zreNika to sAkSAt devatulya pratIta ho rahA hai| yadi hamAre tapa, 1 tIsaM moha-ThANAI abhikkhaNaM- abhikkhaNaM AyAremANe vA samAyAremANe vA mohaNijjatAe kammaM pakarei -vazAla taskandha, pR0 321 - upA0 AtmArAmajI mahArAja

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356 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA niyama aura saMyama Adi kA phala ho to hama bhI isa jaise bneN| mahArAnI celanA ke sundara salaune rUpa va aizvarya ko dekhakara zramaNiyoM ke antarmAnasa meM yaha saMkalpa huA ki hamArI sAdhanA kA phala ho to hama AgAmI janma meM celanA jaisI baneM / antaryAmI mahAvIra ne unake saMkalpa ko jAna liyA aura zramaNa-zramaNiyoM se pUchA ki kyA tumhAre mana meM isa prakAra kA saMkalpa huA hai? unhoMne svIkRti-sUcaka uttara diyA-'hA~, bhagavan ! yaha bAta satya hai| bhagavAna ne kahA--'nirgrantha-pravacana sarvottama hai, paripUrNa hai, saMpUrNa koM ko kSINa karane vAlA hai| jo zramaNa yA zramaNiyAM isa prakAra dharma se vimukha hokara aizvayaM Adi ko dekhakara lubhA jAte haiM aura nidAna karate haiM ve yadi binA prAyazcitta kie Ayu pUrNa karate haiM to devaloka meM devaloka meM utpanna hote haiM aura vahA~ se ve mAnavaloka meM puna: janma lete haiN| nidAna ke kAraNa unheM kevalI dharma kI prApti nahIM hotii| ve sAdA sAMsArika viSayoM meM hI mugdha bane rahate haiN|' zAstrakAra ne prakAra ke nidAnoM kA varNana kara yaha batAyA ki nirgrantha pravacana hI saba karmoM se mukti dilAne vAlA ekamAtra sAdhana hai / ataH nidAna nahIM karanA cAhie aura kiyA ho to AlocanAprAyazcitta karake mukta ho jAnA caahie| upasaMhAra - isa prakAra prastuta Agama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI vistAra se AThavIM dazA meM milatI hai| citta-samAdhi evaM dharma cintA kA sundara varNana hai| upAsaka pratimA va bhikSu pratimAoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA bhI varNana hai|

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2. bRhatkalpa bRhatkalpa kA chedasUtroM meM gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| anya chedasUtroM kI taraha isa sUtra meM bhI zramaNoM ke AcAra-viSayaka vidhi-niSedha, utsarga-apavAda, tapa, prAyazcitta Adi para cintana kiyA gayA hai| isameM chaha uddezaka haiM; 81 adhikAra haiM; 473 zlokapramANa upalabdha mUlapATha hai| 206 sUtra saMkhyA hai| prathama uddezaka meM 50 sUtra haiN| pahale ke pAMca sUtra tAlapralaMba viSayaka hai| nirgrantha aura nirgranthiyoM ke lie tAla evaM pralaMba grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| isameM akhaNDa evaM apakva tAlaphala va tAlamUla grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie kintu vidArita, pakva tAla pralaMba lenA kalpya hai, aisA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, Adi-Adi / mAsakalpa viSayaka niyama meM zramaNoM ke RtUbaddha kAla-hemanta aura grISma Rtu ke 8 mahinoM meM eka sthAna para rahane ke adhikatama samaya kA vidhAna kiyA hai| zramaNoM ko saparikSepa arthAt saprAcIra evaM prAcIra se bAhara nimnokta 16 prakAra ke sthAnoM meM varSARtu ke atirikta anya samaya meM eka sAtha eka mAsa se adhika ThaharanA nahIM klptaa| 1. grAma (jahA~ rAjya kI ora se 18 prakAra ke kara liye jAte hoM) 2. nagara (jahA~ 18 prakAra ke kara na lie jAte hoM) 3. kheTa (jisake cAroM ora miTTI kI dIvAra ho) 4. karbaTa (jahA~ kama loga rahate hoM) 5. maDamba (jisake bAda DhAI kosa taka koI gA~va na ho) 6. pattana (jahA~ saba vastue~ upalabdha hoM) 7. Akara (jahA~ dhAtu kI khAne hoM) 8. droNamukha (jahA~ jala aura sthala ko milAne vAlA mArga ho, jahA~ samudrI - mAla Akara utaratA ho) 6. nigama (jahA~ vyApAriyoM kI vasati ho) 10. rAjadhAnI (jahA~ rAjA ke rahane ke mahala Adi hoM)

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358 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 11. Azrama (jahA~ tapasvI Adi rahate hoM) 12. niveza sanniveza (jahA~ sArthavAha Akara utarate hoM) 13. sambAdha-saMbAha (jahA~ kRSaka rahate hoM athavA anya gAMva ke loga apane gA~va se dhana Adi kI rakSA ke nimitta parvata, guphA Adi meM Akara Thahare hue hoM) 14. ghoSa (jahA~ gAya Adi carAne vAle gUjara loga- gvAle rahate hoM) 15. aMzikA (gA~va kA argha, tRtIya athavA caturtha bhAga) 16. pUTabhedana (jahA~ para gAMva ke vyApArI apanI cIjeM becane Ate hoM) nagara kI prAcIra ke andara aura bAhara eka-eka mAsa taka raha sakate haiM / andara rahate samaya bhikSA andara se lenI cAhie aura bAhara rahate samaya bAhara se / zramaNiyA~ do mAsa andara aura do mAsa bAhara raha sakatI haiN| jisa prAcIra kA eka hI dvAra ho vahA~ nirgrantha aura nirgranthiyoM ko eka sAtha rahane kA niSedha kiyA hai, para aneka dvAra hoM to raha sakate haiM / jisa upAzraya ke cAroM ora aneka dukAneM hoM, aneka dvAra hoM vahA~ sAdhviyoM ko nahIM rahanA cAhie kintu sAdhu yatanApUrvaka raha sakatA hai| jo sthAna pUrNarUpa se khulA ho, dvAra na hoM vahA~ para sAdhviyoM ko rahanA nahIM klptaa| yadi apavAdarUpa meM upAzraya-sthAna na mile to paradA lagAkara raha sakatI haiN| nirgranthoM ke lie khUle sthAna para bhI rahanA kalpatA hai| nirgrantha aura nirgranthiyoM ko kapar3e kI maccharadAnI (cilimilikA) rakhane va upayoga karane kI anumati pradAna kI gaI hai| nirgrantha va nirgranthiyoM ko jalAzaya ke sannikaTa khar3e rahanA, baiThanA, leTanA, sonA, khAnA-pInA, svAdhyAya Adi karanA nahIM klptaa| jahA~ para vikArotpAdaka citra hoM vahA~ para zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko rahanA nahIM klptaa| makAna mAlika kI binA anumati ke rahanA nahIM klptaa| jisa makAna ke madhya meM hokara rAstA ho-jahA~ gRhastha rahate hoM, vahA~ zramaNazramaNiyoM ko nahIM rahanA caahie| kisI zramaNa kA AcArya, upAdhyAya, zramaNa yA zramaNI se paraspara kalaha ho gayA ho to paraspara kSamAyAcanA karanI caahie| jo zAMta hotA hai vaha ArAdhaka hai / zramaNadharma kA sAra upazama hai-'uvasamasAraM sAmaNNaM' /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 356 meM varSAvAsa meM vihAra kA niSedha hai kintu hemanta va grISma Rtu vihAra kA vidhAna hai / jo pratikUla kSetra hoM vahA~ nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ko bArambAra vicaranA niSiddha hai kyoMki saMyama kI virAdhanA hone kI sambhAvanA hai| isalie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai / gRhastha ke yahA~ bhikSA ke lie yA zaucAdi ke lie zramaNa bAhara jAya usa samaya yadi koI gRhastha vastra, pAtra, kambala Adi ke lie nimaMtrita kare to use vastrAdi upakaraNa lekara AcArya ke sannikaTa upasthita honA cAhie aura AcArya kI anumati prApta hone para use rakhanA cAhie / vaise hI zramaNI ke lie pravartinI kI AjJA Avazyaka hai| zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke lie rAtri ke samaya yA asamaya meM AhArAdi grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha vastra, pAtra, kambala, rajoharaNa grahaNa kA niSedha hai| apavAdarUpa meM yadi taskara zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke vastra curAkara le gayA ho aura ve punaH prApta ho gaye hoM to rAtri meM le sakate haiN| yadi ve vastra taskaroM ne pahane hoM, svaccha kiye hoM, raMge hoM yA dhUpAdi sugandhita padArthoM se vAsita kiye hoM to bhI grahaNa kara sakate haiN| nirgrantha va nirgranthiyoM ko rAtri ke samaya yA vikAla meM vihAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / yadi uccAra bhUmi Adi ke lie apavAda rUpa meM jAnA hI par3e to akelA na jAya kintu sAdhuoM ko sAtha lekara jAya / nirgrantha va nirgranthiyoM ke vihAra kSetra kI maryAdA para cintana kiyA gayA hai| pUrva meM aMgadeza evaM magadha deza taka, dakSiNa meM kosAmbI taka, pazcima meM sthUNA taka va uttara meM kuNAlA taka ye AryakSetra haiN| AryakSetra meM vicarane se jJAna darzana kI vRddhi hotI hai| yadi anAryakSetra meM jAne para ratnatraya kI hAni kI sambhAvanA na ho to jA sakate haiN| dvitIya uddezaka meM upAzraya viSayaka 12 sUtroM meM batAyA hai ki jisa upAzraya meM zAlI, vrIhi, mUMga, ur3ada Adi bikhare par3e hoM vahA~ para zramaNa kintu eka sthAna para Dhera zramaNiyoM ko kiMcit samaya bhI na rahanA cAhie rUpa meM par3e hue hoM to vahA~ hemanta va grISma Rtu meM koSThAgAra Adi meM surakSita rakhe hue hoM to kalpatA hai / rahanA kalpatA hai| yadi varSAvAsa meM bhI rahanA jisa sthAna para surAvikaTa, sauvIravikaTa Adi rakkhe hoM vahA~

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360 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kiMcit samaya bhI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko nahIM rahanA caahie| yadi kAraNavazAt anveSaNA karane para bhI anya sthAna upalabdha na ho to zramaNa do rAtri raha sakatA hai, adhika nhiiN| adhika rahane para cheda yA parihAra kA prAyazcitta AtA hai| isI taraha zItodakavikaTakuMbha, uSNodakavikaTakuMbha, jyoti, dIpaka, Adi se yukta upAzraya meM nahIM rahanA caahie| isI taraha eka yA aneka makAna ke adhipati se AhArAdi nahIM lenA caahie| yadi eka mukhya ho to usake atirikta zeSa ke yahA~ se le sakate haiN| yahA~ para zayyAtara mukhya hai jisakI AjJA grahaNa kI hai| zayyAtara ke vividha pahaluoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| nigraMtha-nirgranthiyoM ko jAMgika, bhAMgika, sAnaka, potaka aura tiripaTTaka ye pA~ca prakAra ke vastra lenA kalpatA hai aura auNika, auSTrika, sAnaka, baccakacippaka, muMjacippaka ye pAMca prakAra ke rajoharaNa rakhanA kalpatA hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM nirgranthoM ko nirgranthiyoM ke upAzraya meM baiThanA, sonA, khAnA, pInA, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, kAyotsarga karanA nahIM kalpatA / isI prakAra nirgranthiyoM ko nirgranthoM ke upAzraya Adi meM baiThanA, khAnApInA Adi nahIM klptaa| Age ke cAra sUtroM meM carmaviSayaka, upabhoga Adi ke sambandha meM kalpAkalpa kI carcA hai| vastra ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki ve raMgIna na hoM, kintu zveta hone 1 surAvikaTaM piSTaniSpannam, sauvIravikaTaM tu piSTavarjeguDAdidravyaniSpannam / -kSemakItikRta vRtti, pR0 952 2 'chedo vA' paMcarAtrindivAdiH 'parihAro vA' mAsaladhukAdistapovizeSo bhavatIti suutraarthH| 3 jaMgamAH prasAH tadavayavaniSpannaM jAMgamikam, bhaMgA atasI tanmayaM bhAMgikama, sanasUtramaya sAnakam, potakaM kAsikam tirITa: vRkSavizeSastasya yaH paTTo valkala kSaNastanniSpannaM tirITapaTTakaM nAma paJcamam / -u02, sU024 4 'auNika' UraNikAnAmUrNAbhinitam, 'auSTrika' uSTraromabhinivittam, 'sAnaka' sanavRkSavalkAd jAtam, 'baccakaH' tRNavizeSastasya "cippakaH' kuTTitaH svagrUpaH tena niSpanna vaccakacippakam 'mujaH'zarastambastasya cippakAd jAtaM mujacippaka nAma paJcamamiti / --302, sU0 25

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- aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 361 aura milakasI vastI binA caahie| kaunasI-kaunasI vastue~ dhAraNa karanA yA na karanA-isakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| dIkSA lete samaya vastroM kI maryAdA kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| varSAvAsa meM vastra lene kA niSedha hai kintu hemanta va grISma Rtu meM AvazyakatA hone para vastra lene meM bAdhA nahIM hai aura vastra ke vibhAjana kA isa sambandha meM bhI cintana kiyA hai| nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ko gRhastha ke gharoM meM baiThanA, sonA Adi nahIM kalpatA kintu rogI, vRddha, tapasvI yA mUcchita Adi vizeSa kAraNa hoM to baiThane Adi meM Apatti nahIM kintu pravacanAdi nahIM kara sakatA / eka gAthA kA khar3e-khar3e artha kara sakatA hai| nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ko prAtihArika vastue~ usake mAlika ko binA diye anyatra vihAra karanA nahIM kalpatA / yadi kisI vastu ko koI curA le to usakI anveSaNA karanI cAhiye aura milane para zayyAtara ko de denI caahie| yadi AvazyakatA ho to usakI AjJA hone para upayoga kara sakatA hai| caturtha uddezaka meM abrahmasevana tathA rAtri-bhojana Adi vratoM ke sambandha meM doSa lagane para prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| paMDaka, napuMsaka evaM vAtika pravrajyA ke lie ayogya hai| yahAM taka ki unake sAtha saMbhoga (eka sAtha bhojana-pAnAdi) karanA bhI niSiddha hai| avinIta, rasalolupI va krodhI ko zAstra par3hAnA anucita hai| duSTa, mUDha aura duvidagdha ye tIna pravrajyA aura upadeza ke anadhikArI haiN| nirgranthI rugNa avasthA meM yA anya kisI kAraNa se apane pitA, bhAI, putra Adi kA sahArA lekara uThatI yA baiThatI ho aura sAdhu ke sahAre kI icchA kare to cAturmAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai| isI taraha nirgrantha mAtA, patnI, putrI Adi kA sahArA lete hue tathA sAdhvI ke sahAre kI icchA kare to use bhI cAturmAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai| isameM caturtha vrata ke khaMDana kI sambhAvanA hone se prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA hai| nirgrantha va nirgranthiyoM ko kAlAtikrAnta, kSetrAtikAnta azanAdi grahaNa karanA nahIM klptaa| prathama pauruSI kA lAyA huA AhAra caturtha pauruSI taka rakhanA nahIM klptaa| yadi bhUla se raha jAya to paraTha denA caahie| upayoga karane para prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| yadi bhUla se aneSaNIya, snigdha, azanAdi bhikSA meM A gayA ho to anupasthApita zramaNa

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- 362 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jinameM mahAvratoM kI sthApanA nahIM kI hai unheM de denA caahie| yadi vaha na ho to nirdoSa sthAna para paraTha denA caahie| Alakya Adi kalpa meM sthita zramaNoM ke lie nirmita AhArAdi akalpasthita zramaNoM ke lie kalpanIya hai / jo AhArAdi akalpasthita zramaNoM ke lie nirmita ho vaha kalpasthita zramaNoM ke lie akalpya hotA hai| yahA~ para kalpasthita kA tAtparya hai 'paMcayAma dharmapratipanna' aura akalpasthita dharma kA artha hai 'cAturyAmadharmapratipanna' / kisI nirgrantha ko jJAna Adi ke kAraNa anya gaNa meM upasampadA lenI ho to AcArya kI anumati Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra AcArya, upAdhyAya, gaNAvacchedaka, Adi ko bhI yadi anya gaNa meM upasampadA lenI ho to apane samudAya kI yogya vyavasthA karake hI anya gaNa meM sammilita honA caahie| saMdhyA ke samaya yA rAtri meM koI zramaNa yA zramaNI kAladharma ko prApta ho jAya to dUsare zramaNa zramaNiyoM ko usa mRta zarIra ko rAtribhara sAvadhAnI se rakhanA caahie| prAtaH gRhastha ke ghara se bA~sa Adi lAkara mRtaka ko usase bA~dhakara dUra jaMgala meM nirdoSa bhUmi para prasthApita kara denA cAhie, aura punaH bA~sa Adi gRhastha ko de denA caahie| zramaNa ne kisI gRhastha ke sAtha yadi kalaha kiyA ho to use zAMta kiye binA bhikSAcaryA karanA nahIM kalpatA / parihAravizuddha cAritra grahaNa karane kI icchA vAle zramaNa ko vidhi samajhAne hetu pAraNe ke dina svayaM AcArya, upAdhyAya usake pAsa jAkara AhAra dilAte haiM aura svasthAna para Akara parihAravizuddha cAritra kA pAlana karane kI vidhi batalAte haiM / zramaNa zramaNiyoM ko gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, kozikA, mahI ina pA~ca mahAnadiyoM meM se mahIne meM eka se adhika bAra eka nadI pAra nahIM karanI cAhie / airAvatI Adi chichalI nadiyA~ mahIne meM do-tIna bAra pAra kI jA sakatI haiN| zramaNa zramaNiyoM ko ghAsa kI aisI nirdoSa jhoMpar3I meM, jahA~ para acchI taraha se khar3A nahIM rahA jA sake, hemanta va gISma Rtu meM rahanA varjya hai / yadi nirdoSa tRNAdi se banI huI do hAtha se kama U~cI jhoMpar3I hai to

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 363 varSARtu meM vahA~ nahIM raha skte| yadi do hAtha se adhika U~cI hai to vahA~ varSARtu meM raha sakate haiN| paMcama uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki yadi koI deva strI kA rUpa banAkara sAdhu kA hAtha pakar3e aura vaha sAdhu usake komala sparza ko sukharUpa mAne to use maithuna pratisevana doSa lagatA hai aura use cAturmAsika guru prAyazcitta AtA hai| isI prakAra sAdhvI ko bhI usake viparIta puruSa sparza kA anubhava hotA hai aura use sukharUpa mAne to cAturmAsika guru- prAyazcitta AtA hai / koI zramaNa binA kleza ko zAMta kie anya gaNa meM jAkara mila jAya aura usa gaNa ke AcArya ko jJAta ho jAya ki yaha zramaNa vahA~ se kalaha karake AyA hai to use pA~ca rAtadina kA cheda denA cAhie aura use zAnta kara apane gaNa meM puna: bheja denA caahie| sazakta yA azakta zramaNa sUryodaya ho cukA hai yA abhI asta nahIM huA hai aisA samajhakara yadi AhArAdi karatA hai aura phira yadi use yaha jJAta ho jAya ki abhI to sUryodaya huA hI nahIM hai yA asta ho gayA hai to use AhArAdi tatkSaNa tyAga denA caahie| use rAtribhojana kA doSa nahIM lagatA / sUryodaya aura sUryAsta ke prati zaMkAzIla hokara AhArAdi karane vAle ko rAtribhojana kA doSa lagatA hai| zramaNa zramaNiyoM ko rAtri meM kArAdi ke dvArA muMha meM anna Adi A jAya to use bAhara thUka denA cAhie / yadi AhArAdi meM dvIndriyAdi jIva gira jAya to yatanApUrvaka nikAla kara AhArAdi karanA caahie| yadi nikalane kI sthiti meM na hoM to ekAnta nirdoSa sthAna meM paristhApana kara de| AhArAdi lete samaya sacita pAnI kI bUMdeM AhArAdi meM gira jA~ya aura vaha AhAra garama ho to use khAne meM kiMcit mAtra bhI doSa nahIM hai kyoMki usameM par3I huI bUMdeM acitta ho jAtI haiN| yadi AhAra zItala hai to na svayaM khAnA cAhie aura na dUsaroM ko khilAnA cAhie apitu ekAnta sthAna para paristhApana kara denA caahie| nirgranthI ko ekarat rahanA, nagna rahanA, pAtrarahita rahanA, grAmAdi ke bAhara AtApanA lenA, utkaTukAsana, vIrAsana, daMDAsana, laguDazAyI Adi Asana para baiThakara kAyotsarga karanA varjya hai|

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364 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ko paraspara moka (pezAba yA thUka) kA Acamana karanA akalpya hai kintu rogAdi kAraNoM se grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| parihAra kalpa meM sthita bhikSu ko sthavira Adi ke Adeza se anyatra jAnA par3e to zIghra jAnA cAhie aura kArya karake puna: lauTa AnA caahie| yadi cAritra meM kisI prakAra kA doSa lage to prAyazcitta lekara zuddha kara lenA caahie| chaThe uddezaka meM yaha batAyA hai ki nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ko alIka (jhUTha) vacana, hIlitavacana, khisitavacana, paruSavacana, gArhasthikavacana, vyavazamitodIraNavacana (zAMta hue kalaha ko ubhAranevAlA vacana) ye chaha prakAra ke vacana nahIM bolanA caahie| prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, avirati-abrahma, napuMsaka, dAsa Adi kA Aropa lagAne vAle ko prAyazcitta AtA hai| nirgrantha ke paira meM kAMTA laga gayA ho aura vaha nikAlane meM asamartha ho to use apavAdarUpa meM nigranthinI nikAla sakatI hai| isI prakAra nadI Adi meM DUbane, girane, phisalane Adi kA prasaMga Aye to sAdhu sAdhvI kA hAtha pakar3akara bcaaye| isI prakAra vikSiptacitta nirgranthI ko apane hAtha se pakar3akara usake sthAna para pahuMcA de, vaise hI vikSipta sAdhu ko bhI sAdhvI hAtha pakar3akara pahu~cA de to doSa nahIM lgtaa| para yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki ye apavAdika sUtra haiM / isameM vikArabhAvanA nahIM kintu paraspara ke saMyama kI surakSA kI bhAvanA hai| sAdhu kI maryAdA kA nAma kalpasthiti hai| yaha chaha prakAra kI hai| sAmAyika-saMyatakalpasthiti, chedopasthApanIya saMyatakalpasthiti, nirvizamAna kalpasthiti, nirviSTakAyikakalpasthiti, jinakalpasthiti aura sthvirklpsthiti| isa prakAra bRhatkalpa meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke jIvana aura vyavahAra se sambandhita aneka mahattvapUrNa tathyoM para prakAza DAlA hai| yahI isa zAstra kI vizeSatA hai|

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3. vyavahArasUtra bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra ye donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| vyavahAra bhI chedasUtra hai jo caraNAnuyogamaya hai| isameM daza uddezaka haiM / 373 anuSTupa zloka pramANa upalabdha mUla pATha hai / 267 sUtra saMkhyA hai| prathama uddezaka meM mAsika prAyazcitta ke yogya doSa kA sevana kara usa doSa kI AcArya Adi ke pAsa kapaTarahita AlocanA karane vAle zramaNa ko eka mAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai jabaki kapaTasahita karane para dvimAsika prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA hai / dvimAsika prAyazcitta ke yogya sAdhaka niSkapaTa AlocanA karatA hai to use dvimAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai aura kapaTa sahita karane se tIna mAsa kaa| isa prakAra tIna, cAra, pA~ca aura chaha mAsa ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| adhika se adhika chaha mAsa ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| jisane aneka doSoM kA sevana kiyA ho use kramaza: AlocanA karanI cAhie aura phira sabhI kA sAtha meM prAyazcitta lenA caahie| prAyazcitta karate hue bhI yadi punaH doSa laga jAya to usakA punaH prAyacitta karanA caahie| prAyazcitta kA sevana karane vAle zramaNa ko sthavira Adi kI anujJA lekara hI anya sAdhuoM ke sAtha uThanA-baiThanA caahie| AjJA kI avahelanA kara kisI ke sAtha yadi vaha baiThatA hai to utane dina kI usakI dIkSAparyAya kama hotI hai jise Agamika bhASA meM cheda kahA gayA hai| parihArakalpa meM sthita sAdhu apane AcArya kI anumati se bIca meM hI parihArakalpa kA parityAga kara sthavira Adi kI sevA ke lie dUsare sthala para jA sakatA hai| koI zramaNa gaNa kA parityAga kara ekAkI vicaraNa karatA hai aura yadi vaha apane ko zuddha AcAra ke pAlana karane meM asamartha anubhava karatA hai to use AlocanA kara cheda yA navIna dIkSA grahaNa karavAnI caahie| jo niyama sAmAnya rUpa se ekalavihArI zramaNa ke lie hai vahI niyama ekalavihArI gaNAvacchedaka AcArya va zithilAcArI zramaNa ke lie hai /

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA AlocanA AcArya, upAdhyAya ke samakSa kara prAyazcitta lekara zuddha honA caahie| yadi ve anupasthita hoM to apane saMbhogI, sAdharmika, bahuzruta Adi ke samakSa AlocanA karanI caahie| yadi ve pAsa meM na hoM to anya samudAya ke saMbhogI, bahuzruta Adi zramaNa jahA~ hoM vahA~ jAkara AlocanA kara prAyazcitta grahaNa karanA caahie| yadi vaha bhI na hoM to sArUpika ( sadoSI ) kintu bahuzruta sAdhu hoM to vahA~ jAkara prAyazcitta lenA cAhie / yadi vaha bhI na hoM to bahuzruta zramaNopAsaka ke pAsa aura usakA bhI abhAva ho to samyagdRSTi gRhastha ke pAsa jAkara prAyazcitta karanA caahie| ina sabake abhAva meM gA~va yA nagara ke bAhara jAkara pUrva yA uttara dizA ke sanmukha khar3e hokara donoM hAtha jor3akara apane aparAdha kI AlocanA kare / dvitIya uddezaka meM kahA hai ki eka samAna sAmAcArI vAle do sAmika sAtha meM hoM aura unameM se kisI eka ne doSa kA sevana kiyA ho to dUsare ke sanmukha prAyazcitta lenA caahie| prAyazcitta karane vAle kI sevA Adi kA bhAra dUsare zramaNa para rahatA hai| yadi donoM ne doSasthAna kA sevana kiyA ho to paraspara AlocanA kara prAyazcitta lekara sevA karanI caahie| aneka zramaNoM meM se kisI eka zramaNa ne aparAdha kiyA ho to eka ko hI prAyazcitta de| yadi sabhI ne aparAdha kiyA hai to eka ke atirikta zeSa sabhI prAyazcitta lekara zuddhikaraNa kareM aura unakA prAyazcitta pUrNa hone para use bhI prAyazcitta dekara zuddha kreN| 366 parihArakalpasthita zramaNa kadAcit rugNa ho jAya to use gaccha se bAhara nikAlanA nahIM kalpatA / jaba taka vaha svastha na ho jAya taba taka vaiyAvRtya karavAnA gaNAvacchedaka kA karttavya hai aura svastha hone para usane sadoSAvasthA meM sevA karavAI ataH use prAyazcitta lenA caahie| isI taraha anavasthApya evaM pArAMcika prAyazcitta karane vAle ko bhI rugNAvasthA meM gaccha se bAhara nahIM karanA caahie| vikSiptacitta ko bhI gaccha se bAhara nikAlanA nahIM kalpatA aura jaba taka usakA citta sthira na ho jAya taba taka usakI pUrNa sevA karanI cAhie tathA svastha hone para nAmamAtra kA prAyazcitta denA caahie| isI prakAra dIptacitta (jisakA citta abhimAna se uddIpta ho gayA hai), unmAdaprApta, upasargaprApta, sAdhikaraNa, saprAyazcitta Adi ko gaccha se bAhara nikAlanA nahIM kalpatA /

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 367 nA anavasthApya prAyazcitta karane vAle sAdhu ko gRhasthaliMga dhAraNa karAye binA saMyama meM puna: sthApita nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki usakA aparAdha itanA mahAn hotA hai ki binA vaisA kiye usakA pUrA prAyazcitta nahIM ho pAtA aura na anya zramaNoM ke antarmAnasa meM usa prakAra ke aparAdha ke prati bhaya hI utpanna hotA hai| isI prakAra dasaveM pAraJcita prAyazcitta vAle zramaNa ko bhI gahastha kA veSa pahanAne ke pazcAt punaH saMyama meM sthApita karanA caahie| yaha adhikAra prAyazcittadAtA ke hAtha meM hai ki use gRhastha kA veSa na pahanAkara anya prakAra kA veSa bhI pahanA sakatA hai| pArihArika aura apArihArika zramaNa eka sAtha AhAra kareM, yaha ucita nahIM hai| pArihArika zramaNoM ke sAtha binA tapa pUrNa hae apArihArika zramaNoM ko AhArAdi nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki jo tapasvI haiM unakA tapa pUrNa hone ke pazcAt eka mAsa ke tapa para pAMca dina aura chaha mahIne ke tapa para eka mahInA vyatIta ho jAne ke pUrva unake sAtha koI AhAra nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki una dinoM meM unake lie vizeSa prakAra ke AhAra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jo dUsaroM ke lie Avazyaka nhiiN| tRtIya uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki kisI zramaNa ke mAnasa meM apanA svataMtra gaccha banAkara paribhramaNa karane kI icchA ho para vaha AcArAMga Adi kA parijJAtA nahIM ho to ziSya Adi parivArasahita hone para bhI pRthak gaNa banAkara svacchandI honA yogya nhiiN| yadi vaha AcArAMga Adi kA jJAtA hai to sthavira se anumati lekara vicara sakatA hai| sthavira kI binA anumati ke vicarane vAle ko jitane dina isa prakAra vicarA ho utane hI dina kA cheda yA pArihArika prAyazcitta kA bhAgI honA par3atA hai| upAdhyAya vahI bana sakatA hai jo kama se kama tIna varSa kI dIkSAparyAya vAlA hai; nirgrantha ke AcAra meM niSNAta hai; saMyama meM pravINa hai; AcArAMga Adi pravacanazAstroM meM pAraMgata hai, prAyazcitta dene meM pUrNa samartha hai, saMgha ke lie kSetra Adi kA nirNaya karane meM dakSa hai, cAritravAna hai, bahuzruta hai, aadi| __ AcArya vaha bana sakatA hai jo zramaNa ke AcAra meM kuzala, pravacana meM paTu, dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa-bRhatkalpa-vyavahAra kA jJAtA hai aura kama se kama pA~ca varSa kA dIkSita hai|

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368 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartinI, sthavira, gaNI, gaNAvacchedaka pada use diyA jA sakatA hai jo zramaNa ke AcAra meM kuzala, pravacanadakSa, asaMkliSTamanA va sthAnAMga-samavAyAMga kA jJAtA hai| apavAda meM eka dina kI dIkSAparyAya vAlA sAdhu bhI AcArya, upAdhyAya ke pada para pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai| usa prakAra kA sAdhu pratItikArI, dhairyazIla, vizvasanIya, samabhAvI, pramodakArI, anumata, bahumata va ucca kulotpanna evaM guNasaMpanna honA Avazyaka hai| ___ AcArya athavA upAdhyAya kI AjJA se hI saMyama kA pAlana karanA caahie| abrahma kA sevana karane vAlA AcArya Adi padavI ke ayogya hai| yadi gaccha kA parityAga kara usane vaisA kArya kiyA hai to puna: dIkSA dhAraNa kara tIna varSa bItane para yadi usakA mana sthira ho, vikAra zAMta ho, kaSAya Adi kA abhAva ho to AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai| caturtha uddezaka meM kahA hai ki AcArya athavA upAdhyAya ke sAtha hemanta aura grISma Rtu meM kama se kama eka anya sAdhu honA cAhie aura gaNAvacchedaka ke sAtha do| varSARtu meM AcArya aura upAdhyAya ke sAtha do va gaNAvacchedaka ke sAtha tIna sAdhuoM kA honA Avazyaka hai| ___ AcArya kI mahattA para prakAza DAlakara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki unake abhAva meM kisa prakAra rahanA cAhie? . AcArya, upAdhyAya yadi adhika rugNa hoM aura jIvana kI AzA kama ho to anya sabhI zramaNoM ko bulAkara AcArya kahe ki merI Ayu pUrNa hone para amuka sAdhu ko amuka padavI pradAna karanA / unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt yadi vaha sAdhu yogya pratIta na ho to anya ko bhI pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura yogya ho to use hI pratiSThita karanA caahie| anya yogya zramaNa AcArAMga Adi par3hakara dakSa na ho jAya taba taka AcArya Adi kI sammati se asthAyI rUpa se sAdhu ko kisI bhI pada para pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura yogya padAdhikArI prApta hone para pUrva vyakti ko apane pada se pRthak ho jAnA caahie| yadi vaha vaisA nahIM karatA hai to prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA hai| do zramaNa sAtha meM vicaraNa karate hoM to unheM yogyatAnusAra choTA aura bar3A hokara rahanA cAhie aura eka-dUsare kA sanmAna karanA caahie| isI prakAra AcArya-upAdhyAya ko bhii|

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- aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 366 pAMcaveM uddezaka meM pravartinI ko kama se kama do anya sAdhviyoM ke sAtha zItoSNakAla meM grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karanA cAhie aura gaNAvacchedikA ke sAtha tIna anya sAdhviyAM honI caahie| varSARtu meM pravartinI ke sAtha tIna aura gaNAvacchedikA ke sAtha cAra sAdhviyAM honI caahie| pratinI Adi kI mRtyu aura padAdhikArI kI niyukti ke sambandha meM jaisA zramaNoM ke lie kahA gayA hai vaisA hI zramaNiyoM ke lie bhI samajhanA caahie| vaiyAvRtya ke lie sAmAnya vidhAna yaha hai ki zramaNa, zramaNI se aura zramaNI, zramaNa se vaiyAvRtya na karAve kintu apavAdarUpa meM paraspara sevAzuzrUSA kara sakate haiN| sarpadaMza Adi koI viziSTa paristhiti paidA ho jAya to apavAdarUpa meM gahastha se bhI sevA karavAI jA sakatI hai| yaha vidhAna sthavirakalpiyoM ke lie hai| jinakalpiyoM ke lie sevA kA vidhAna nahIM hai / yadi ve sevA karavAte haiM to pArihArika taparUpa prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| ... chaThe uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki apane svajanoM ke yahA~ binA sthaviroM kI anumati prApta kie nahIM jAnA caahie| jo zramaNa-zramaNI alpazruta va alpa-AgamI haiM unheM ekAkI apane sambandhiyoM ke yahAM nahIM jAnA caahie| yadi jAnA hai to bahuzruta va bahuAgamadhArI zramaNa-zramaNI ke sAtha jAnA caahie| zramaNa ke pahu~cane ke pUrva jo vastu paka kara taiyAra ho cukI hai vaha grAhya hai aura jo taiyAra nahIM huI hai vaha agrAhya hai| AcArya upAdhyAya yadi bAhara se upAzraya meM AveM to unake pA~va poMchakara sApha karanA caahie| unake laghunIta Adi ko yatanApUrvaka bhUmi para paraThanA caahie| yathAzakti unakI vaiyAvRtya karanI caahie| upAzraya meM unake sAtha rahanA cAhie / upAzraya ke bAhara jAveM taba unake sAtha jAnA cAhie / gaNAvacchedaka upAzraya meM raheM taba sAtha rahanA cAhie aura upAzraya se bAhara jAeM to sAtha jAnA caahie| zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko AcArAMga Adi AgamoM ke jJAtA zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke sAtha rahanA kalpatA hai aura binA jJAtA ke sAtha rahane para prAyazcitta kA bhAgI bananA par3atA hai| kisI vizeSa kAraNa se anya gaccha se nikalakara Ane vAle zramaNazramaNI yadi nirdoSa haiM, AcAraniSTha haiM, zabala doSa se rahita haiM, krodhAdi se

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370 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA asaMspRSTa haiM, apane doSoM kI AlocanA kara zuddhi karate haiM, to unake sAtha samAnatA kA vyavahAra karanA kalpatA hai| nahIM to nhiiN| sAtaveM uddezaka meM yaha vidhAna hai ki sAdhu strI ko aura sAdhvI puruSa ko dIkSA na de / yadi kisI aise sthAna meM kisI strI ko vairAgya bhAvanA jAgrata huI ho jahA~ sannikaTa meM sAdhvI na ho to vaha isa zarta para dIkSA detA hai ki vaha yathAzIghra kisI sAdhvI ko sipurda kara degaa| isI taraha sAdhvI bhI puruSa ko dIkSA de sakatI hai| jahA~ para taskara, badamAza yA duSTa vyaktiyoM kA prAdhAnya ho vahA~ zramaNiyoM ko vicaranA nahIM kalpatA kyoMki vahA~ para vastrAdi ke apaharaNa va vratabhaMga Adi kA bhaya rahatA hai| zramaNoM ke lie koI bAdhA nahIM hai| kisI zramaNa kA kisI aise zramaNa se vaira-virodha ho gayA hai jo vikaTa dizA (corAdi kA nivAsa ho aisA sthAna) meM hai to vahA~ jAkara usase kSamAyAcanA karanI cAhie, kintu svasthAna para rahakara nhiiN| kintu zramaNI apane sthAna se bhI kSamAyAcanA kara sakatI hai| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko AcArya, upAdhyAya ke niyaMtraNa ke binA svacchanda rUpa se paribhramaNa karanA nahIM klptaa| AThaveM uddezaka meM isa bAta para prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki sAdhu eka hAtha se uThAne yogya choTe-moTe zayyA saMstAraka, tIna dina meM jitanA mArga taya kara sake utanI dUra se lAnA kalpatA hai| kisI vRddha nirgrantha ke lie AvazyakatA par3ane para pAMca dina meM jitanA cala sake utanI dUrI se lAnA kalpatA hai| sthavira ke lie nimna upakaraNa kalpanIya haiN| daMDa, bhANDa, chatra, mAtrikA, lASTika (pITha ke pIche rakhane ke lie takiyA yA pATA) bhisi (svAdhyAyAdi ke liye baiThane kA pATA), cela (vastra), cela-cilimilikA (vastra kA pardA), carma, carmakoza (camar3e kI thailI), carma-palicha (lapeTane ke lie camar3e kA ttukdd'aa)| ina upakaraNoM meM se jo sAtha meM rakhane ke yogya na hoM unheM upAzraya ke samIpa kisI gRhastha ke yahA~ rakhakara samaya-samaya para unakA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisI sthAna para aneka zramaNa rahate hoM unameM se koI zramaNa kisI gahastha ke vahA~ para koI upakaraNa bhUla gayA ho aura anya zramaNa vahI para gayA ho to gRhastha zramaNa se kahe ki yaha upakaraNa Apake samudAya ke saMta kA hai to saMta usa upakaraNa ko lekara svasthAna para Aye aura jisakA upa

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 371 karaNa ho use de de| yadi vaha upakaraNa kisI saMta kA na ho to na svayaM usakA upayoga kare aura na dUsaroM ko upayoga ke lie de kintu nirdoSa sthAna para usakA parityAga kara de| yadi zramaNa vahA~ se vihAra kara gayA ho to usakI anveSaNA kara svayaM use usake pAsa pahuMcAve / yadi usakA sahI patA na lage to ekAnta sthAna para prasthApita kara de| AhAra kI carcA karate hue batAyA hai ki ATha grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA alpa-AhArI, bAraha grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA apArdhAvamaudarika, solaha grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA dvibhAgaprApta, caubIsa grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA prAptAvamaudarika, battIsa grAsa kA AhAra karane vAlA pramANo. petAhArI evaM battIsa grAsa se eka bhI grAsa kama khAne vAlA avamaudarika kahalAtA hai| naveM uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki zayyAtara kA AhArAdi para svAmitva ho yA usakA kucha adhikAra ho to vaha AhAra zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke lie grAhya nahIM hai| isameM bhikSu pratimAoM kA bhI ullekha hai jisakI carcA hama dazAzrutaskandha ke varNana meM kara cuke haiN| dasaveM uddezaka meM yavamadhyacandrapratimA yA vajramadhyacandrapratimA kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo yava (jau) ke kaNa samAna madhya meM moTI aura donoM ora patalI ho vaha yavamadhyacandrapratimA hai| jo vajra ke samAna madhya meM patalI aura donoM ora moTI ho vaha vajamadhyacandrapratimA hai| yavamadhyacandrapratimA kA dhAraka zramaNa eka mAsa paryanta apane zarIra ke mamatva ko tyAga kara deva, manuSya aura tiryaMca sambandhI anukUla yA pratikUla upasargoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karatA hai aura zuklapakSa kI pratipadA ko eka datti AhAra kI aura eka datti pAnI kI, dvitIyA ko do datti AhAra kI aura do datti pAnI kI grahaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra kramazaH eka-eka datti bar3hAtA huA pUrNimA ko 15 datti AhAra kI aura 15 datti pAnI kI grahaNa karatA hai| kRSNapakSa meM kramaza: eka-eka datti kama karatA jAtA hai aura amAvasyA ke dina upavAsa karatA hai| ise yavamadhyacandrapratimA kahate haiN| vajramadhyacandrapratimA meM kRSNapakSa kI pratipadA ko 15 datti AhAra kI aura 15 datti pAnI kI grahaNa kI jAtI haiN| use pratidina kama karate hae yAvat amAvasyA ko eka datti AhAra kI aura eka datti pAnI kI grahaNa

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372 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kI jAtI hai / zuklapakSa meM kramazaH eka-eka datti bar3hAte hue pUrNimA ko upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra 30 dina kI pratyeka pratimA ke prArambha ke 26 dina datti ke anusAra AhAra aura antima dina upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| vyavahAra ke Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jItavyavahAra-ye pA~ca prakAra haiN| inameM Agama kA sthAna prathama hai aura phira kramazaH inakI carcA vistAra se bhASya meM hai| sthavira ke jAtisthavira, sUtrasthavira aura pravajyAsthavira-ye tIna bheda haiN| 60 varSa kI Ayu vAlA zramaNa jAtisthavira yA vayaHsthavira kahalAtA hai| ThANAMga, samavAyAMga kA jJAtA sUtrasthavira aura dIkSA dhAraNa karane ke 20 varSa pazcAt kI dIkSA vAle nirgrantha pravrajyAsthavira kahalAte haiN| zaikSa bhUmiyA~ tIna prakAra kI haiM-sapta-rAtridinI, cAturmAsikI aura ssnnmaasikii| ATha varSa se kama umra vAle bAlaka-bAlikAoM ko dIkSA denA nahIM kalpatA / jinakI umra laghu hai ve AcArAMgasUtra ke par3hane ke adhikArI nahIM haiN| kama se kama tIna varSa kI dIkSAparyAya vAle sAdhu ko AcArAMga par3hAnA kalpya hai| cAra varSa kI dIkSAparyAya vAle ko sUtrakRtAMga, pAMca varSa kI dIkSAparyAya vAle ko dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa (bahatkalpa) aura vyavahAra, ATha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga, dasa varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatI), gyAraha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko laghuvimAnapravibhakti, mahAvimAna-pravibhakti, aMgacUlikA, baMgacUlikA aura vivAhacUlikA, bAraha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko aruNopapAtika, garulopapAtika, dharaNopapAtika, vaidhamaNopapAtika aura vailaMdharopapAtika, teraha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko upasthAnazruta, samupasthAnazruta, devendropapAta aura nAgapariyApanikA (nAgapariyAvaNiA), caudaha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko svapna bhAvanA, pandraha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko cAraNabhAvanA, solaha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko vedanI zataka, satraha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko AzIviSabhAvanA, aThAraha varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko dRSTiviSa bhAvanA, unnIsa varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko dRSTivAda aura bIsa varSa kI dIkSA vAle ko saba prakAra ke zAstra par3hAnA kalpya hai| baiyAvRtya (sevA) dasa prakAra kI kahI gaI hai-1. AcArya kI vaiyAvRtya, 2. upAdhyAya kI bayAvRtya usI prakAra, 3. sthavira kI, 4, tapasvI kI,

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 373 5. zaikSa- chAtra kI, 6. glAna rugNa kI, 7. sAdharmika kI, 8. kula kI hai. gaNa kI, aura 10. saMgha kI vaiyAvRtya / uparyukta dasa prakAra kI vaiyAvRtya se mahAnirjarA hotI haiM / upasaMhAra isa prakAra prastuta sUtra kI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiN| isameM svAdhyAya para vizeSa rUpa se bala diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI ayogyakAla meM svAdhyAya karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| anadhyAya kAla kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| zramaNazramaNiyoM ke bIca adhyayana kI sImAe~ nirdhArita kI gaI haiN| AhAra kA kavalAhArI, alpAhArI aura UnodarI kA varNana hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya ke lie vihAra ke niyama pratipAdita kie gae haiN| AlocanA aura prAyazcitta kI vidhiyoM kA isameM vistRta vivecana hai / sAdhviyoM ke nivAsa, adhyayana, caryA va upadhAna, vaiyAvRtya tathA saMgha vyavasthA ke niyamopaniyama kA vivecana hai / isake racayitA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiM / 0

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4. nizIthasUtra chedasUtroM meM nizItha kA pramukha sthAna hai| nizItha kA artha aprakAza hai| yaha sUtra apavAdabahula hai ataH yaha hara kisI ko nahIM par3hAyA jAtA / tIna prakAra ke pAThaka hote haiM - ( 1 ) apariNAmaka - jinakI buddhi aparipakva hotI hai, (2) pariNAmaka - jinakI buddhi paripakva hotI hai| (3) atipariNAmaka jinakI buddhi tarkapUrNa hotI hai| apariNAmaka aura atipariNAmaka ye donoM pAThaka nizItha par3hane ke ayogya haiN| jo AjIvana rahasya ko dhAraNa kara sakatA ho vahI usake par3hane kA adhikArI hai| yahA~ para jo 'rahasya' zabda hai vaha isakI gopanIyatA ko pragaTa karatA hai| nizItha kA adhyayana vaha sAdhu kara sakatA hai jo tIna varSa kA dIkSita ho aura gAMbhIrya Adi guNoM se yukta ho / praur3hatA kI dRSTi se kakSA meM bAlavAlA 16 varSa kA sAdhu hI nizItha kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai / nizItha kA jJAtA hue binA koI bhI zramaNa apane saMbaMdhiyoM ke yahA~ bhikSA ke lie nahIM jA sakatA" aura na vaha upAdhyAya Adi pada ke yogya hI mAnA jA sakatA hai|" zramaNa-maMDalI kA aguA hone 1 jaM hoti appagAsaM taM tu misIhaM ti loga saMsiddha / jaM appaTreemmaM aNNe pi tayaM nisIdhaM ti // - nizIthabhASya, iloka 64 2 puriso tiviho pariNAmago, apariNAmago, atipariNAmago, to ettha apariNAmagaatipariNAmagANaM paDiseho / -- nizIcacUrNa, pR0 165 3 nizIthamASya 6702-3 4 (ka) nizIthacUrNi mA0 6265 (kha) vyavahArabhASya, uddezaka 7 gA0 202-3 (ga) vyavahArasUtra, uddezaka 10, gA0 20-21 5. vyavahArasUtra, uddezaka 6, sU0 2, 3 6 vahI, uddezaka 3, sU0 3

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 375 meM aura svataMtra vihAra karane meM bhI nizItha kA jJAna Avazyaka hai kyoMki binA nizItha ke jJAtA hue koI sAghu prAyazcitta dene kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| isIlie vyavahArasUtra meM nizItha ko eka mAnadaNDa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| digambara granthoM meM nisIha ke sthAna meM nisIhiyA zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| gommaTasAra meM bhI yahI zabda prApta hotA hai / gommaTasAra kI TIkA meM nisIhiyA kA saMskRta rUpa niSIdhikA kiyA gayA hai| AcArya jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM nizItha ke lie 'niSadyaka' zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA hai / tattvArthabhASya meM nisIha zabda kA saMskRta rUpa nizItha mAnA hai / niyuktikAra ko bhI yahI artha abhipreta hai| isa prakAra zvetAMbara sAhitya ke abhimatAnusAra nisIha kA saMskRta rUpa nizItha aura usakA artha aprakAza hai / digaMbara sAhitya kI dRSTi se nisIhiyA kA saMskRtarUpa nizIdhikA hai aura usakA artha prAyazcitta-zAstra yA pramAdadoSa kA niSedha karane vAlA zAstra hai / pazcimI vidvAn vebara ne nisIha ke niSedha artha ko sahI aura nizItha artha ko bhrAnta mAnA hai / zAstra dRSTi se nisIha zabda para cintana kiyA jAya to nisIha zabda ke saMskRtarUpa nizItha aura nizISa donoM ho sakate haiM kyoMki 'tha' aura 'dha' donoM ko prAkRta bhASA meM hakAra Adeza hotA hai / ataH NisihiyA yA NisohiyA zabda ke saMskRta niSidhikA aura nizIthikA artha kI dRSTi se cintana kareM to niSidha yA niSidhikA kI apekSA nizItha yA nizIthikA 1 vyavahArasUtra, uddezaka 3, sUtra 1 2 SaTkhaNDAgama, prathama khaNDa, pR0 96 3 gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, 367 4 vahI, jIvakANDa 367 niSedhanaM pramAdadoSanirAkaraNaM niSiddhiH saMjJAyAM 'ka' pratyaye niSiddhikA tavca pramAdadoSavizuddhayarthaM bahuprakAraM prAyazcittaM varNayati / 5 niSadyakAkhyamAkhyAti prAyazcittavidhi param / --harivaMzapurANa 101138 6 iNDiyana eNTIkverI, mAga 21, pR0 67 This name (nisIha) is explained strangely enough by Nishitha though the character of the contents would lead us to expect Nishedha (niSedha) |

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376 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA artha adhika saMgata pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki yaha Agama vidhi - niSedha kA pratipAdana karane vAlA nahIM apitu prAyazcitta kA pratipAdana karane vAlA hai| isa kathana meM zvetAmbara aura digaMbara donoM AcAryaM ekamata haiN| cUrNa meM nizItha ko pratiSedhasUtra yA prAyazcittasUtra kA pratipAdaka batAyA hai| nizIthabhASya meM likhA hai ki AyAracUlA meM upadiSTa kriyA kA atikramaNa karane para jo prAyazcitta AtA hai usakA nizItha meM varNana hai / nizIthasUtra meM apavAdoM kA bAhulya hai| isalie sabhA Adi meM isakA vAcana nahIM karanA caahie| anadhikArI ke sanmukha usakA prakAzya na ho ataH rAtri yA ekAnta meM paThanIya hone se nizItha kA artha saMgata hotA hai / nisihiyA kA jo niSedhaparaka artha hai usakI saMgati bhI isa prakAra ho sakatI hai ki jo anadhikArI haiM unako par3hAnA niSedha hai aura jana se Akula sthAna meM par3hanA niSiddha hai / yaha kevala svAdhyAya bhUmi meM hI paThanIya hai| 1 harivaMzapurANa meM 'niSadyaka' zabda AyA hai| saMbhava hai ki yaha sUtra vizeSa prakAra kI niSadyA meM par3hAyA jAtA hogA isIlie isakA nAma niSadyaka rakhA gayA ho| AlocanA karate samaya Alocaka AcArya ke lie niSadyA kI vyavasthA karatA thaa| saMbhava hai prastuta adhyayana ke samaya meM bhI niSadyA kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hogii| isalie nizIthabhASya meM isakA ullekha milatA hai|* 1 (ka) AyArapakappassa u imAI goNAI NAmadhijjAI / AyAramAiyAI pAyacchitteNa uhIgAro // (kha) NisihiyaM bahuvipAyacchittavihANavaNNaNaM kuNai / 3 -- SaTkhaNDAgama, bhA0 1, pR0 18 2 tatra pratiSedhaH caturthacUDAtmake AcAre yat pratiSiddha taM sevaMtassa pacchitaM bhavati tti kAuM / - nizoSaNa, bhA0 1, pR0 3 AyAre causu ya, cUliyAsu uvaesavitahakArissa / pacchita mihajjhayaNe bhaNiya aNNesu ya padesu // 4 vahI 6386 5. sutatyatadubhayANa - nizItha bhASya gA0 2 gahaNaM bahumAnaviyamacchera / ukku - Nijja-aMjali gahitAmahiyammiya paNAmo // - nizISabhAvya 71 vahI, sUtra 6673

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 377 nizItha ke AcAra, agra, prakalpa, culikA ye paryAya nAma haiN| prAyazcittasUtra kA saMbaMdha caraNakaraNAnayoga ke sAtha hai| ataH isakA nAma AcAra hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke pAMca ana haiN| cAra AcAracUlAe~ aura nizItha ye pAMca agra haiM isalie nizItha kA nAma agra hai| nizItha kI naveM pUrva AcAraprAmRta se racanA kI gaI hai isalie isakA nAma prakalpa hai| prakalpana kA dvitIya artha chedana karane vAlA bhI hai| Agama sAhitya meM nizItha kA AyArapakappa yaha nAma milatA hai| agra aura cUlA samAna artha vAle nizItha ke racayitA artha kI dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM aura sUtra ke racayitA ke saMbaMdha meM aneka abhimata haiN| AcArAMgacUNi meM racayitA ke saMbaMdha meM carcA karate hue sthavira zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura sthavira kA artha gaNadhara kiyA hai| AcArya zIlAMka ne zrutavRddha caturdaza pUrvadhara ko hI sthavira kahA hai| paMcakalpabhASya kI cUNi meM likhA hai ki AcAraprakalpa kA praNayana bhadrabAha svAmI ne kiyaa| nizIthasUtra kI kitanI hI prazastigAthAoM ke anusAra usake racayitA vizAkhAcArya haiN| zvetAMbara pAvaliyoM 1 AyAro aggaM ciya, pakappa taha cUlikA NisIhaMti / -nizISabhASya 3 2 vahI 57 3 nizIthacUNi, pR0 30 4 eyANi puNa AyAraggANi AyAra ceva nijjUDhANi / keNa NijjUDhANi ? therehiM (287) therA-gaNadharAH / / --AcArAMgaNa pR0 336 5 sthaviraH zrutavRddhazcaturdazapUrvaviddhi --AcArAMganiyukti gA0 287 6 teNa bhagavatA AyAra pakappa-dasA-kappa vyavahArA ya navamapuSvanIsaMdabhUtA nijjUDhA / -paMcakalpacUNi, patra 17 hatkalpasUtram, SaSTha vibhAga, prastAvanA pR03 7 dasaNa paritta jutto, jutto guttIsu sjjnnhiesii| nAmeNa visAhagaNI mahattarao NANa-maMjUsA // 1 // kittI-kaMti-piNaDo jasapatto paDaho tisAgaraniruddho / puNaruttaM bhamati mahiM, sasivva gagaNaM gaNaM tassa // 2 // tassa lihiyaM nisIhaM dhamma-dhurA-dharaNa-pavara-puthvassa / AroggaM dhAraNijjaM sissapasissovabhojjaM ca // 3 // -nizIthasUtra, caturtha vibhAga, pR. 365

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378 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA meM vizAkhAcArya ke saMbaMdha meM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hai| digaMbara paTTAvalI meM bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt vizAkhAcArya kA nAma AyA hai jo dazapUrvI the| digaMra dRSTi se vIra ni0 saM0 162 varSa taka bhadrabAhu the| usake pazcAt vizAkhAcArya kA yuga prAraMbha hotA hai| prazasti meM nizItha ko vizAkhAcAryakRta kahA gayA hai / yahA~ para likhita kA artha nirmita hai yA lipikRta hai, yaha cintanIya hai / kyoMki aisA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hai ki nizItha kI racanA dazapUrvI dvArA kI gaI ho; jabaki caturdazapUrvI dvArA likhane ke ullekha haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nizItha ke racayitA caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu haiN| paMcakalpacUrNi meM AcAraprakalpa ( nizItha ), dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra ina cAra AgamoM ke niryUhaka bhadrabAhu svAmI batAye haiN| vizAkhAcArya ne use likhA hogaa| yadi yaha kalpanA kareM to prastuta kathana kI saMgati baiTha sakatI hai| digaMbara AcAryoM ne nizItha ko ArAtIya AcAryakRta mAnA hai kintu jo nizItha kA vartamAna rUpa hai vaha digaMbara paraMparA meM prApta nahIM hai| yadi digaMbara paraMparA ke vizAkhAcArya dvArA yaha likhita hotA to digaMbara paraMparA meM usakI mAnyatA prApta honI cAhiye thii| saMbhava hai vizAkhAcArya zvetAMbara paraMparA ke hI AcArya hoM / vizAkhAcArya kA guNakIrtana prazasti kI gAthAoM meM hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ye gAthAe~ vizAkhAcArya dvArA racita nahIM hai| ina gAthAoM kI racanA kisane kI, yaha bhI anveSaNIya hai / paM0 munizrI kalyANavijayajI gaNI kA spaSTa mantavya hai ki bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra ina donoM AgamoM ko pUrvazruta se niryUDha karane vAle bhadrabAhu svAmI haiM aura nizIthAdhyayana ke niryUDhakartA bhadrabAhu na hokara AryarakSita sUri haiN| bhadrabAhu svAmI ne kalpa aura vyavahAra meM jo prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA vaha tatkAlIna zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke lie paryApta thA kintu AryarakSita sUri ke samaya taka paristhiti meM atyadhika parivartana ho cukA thaa| mauryakAlIna durbhikSAdi kI sthiti samApta ho cukI thii| rAjA samprati maurya ke samaya zramaNa zramaNiyoM kI saMkhyA meM atyadhika vRddhi ho cukI thI / zramaNoM kI saMkhyA kI abhivRddhi ke sAtha aneka navIna samasyAe~ bhI upasthita ho cukI ataH kalpa aura vyavahAra kA prAyazcitta vidhAna aparyApta pratIta huA / etadartha navIna sthitiyoM para niyaMtraNa karane ke lie vistAra se prAyazcitta vidhAna banAnA Avazyaka thA, ataH AryarakSita ne pUrva sAhitya se vaha niryUDha kiyaa| kalpAdhyayana meM chaha uddezaka the, vyavahAra meM dasa uddezaka the to

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 379 nizIthAdhyayana meM bIsa uddezaka haiM aura lagabhaga 1426 sUtroM meM prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| paJcakalpabhASyacUrNikAra ne kalpa, vyavahAra Adi ke sAtha nizIthAdhyayana bhI zrutadhara bhadrabAhu svAmI dvArA pUrvazruta se uddhRta batAyA hai kintu satya-tathya yaha nahIM hai| bRhalkalpa kI bhASA aura pratipAdita viSayoM tathA nizIthAdhyayana ke sUtroM kI bhASA aura usameM pratipAdita viSayoM meM spaSTa rUpa se bhinnatA pratIta hotI hai| yaha satya hai ki bRhatkalpa kI bhASA aura vyavahAra kI bhASA meM bhI bhinnatA hai para vaha bhinnatA vyavahAra meM bAda meM kiye gaye parivartanoM ke kAraNa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vyavahArasUtra meM nizIthAdhyayana kA prakalpAdhyayana yaha nAma prApta hotA hai| yaha parivartana saMbhava hai AryarakSitasUri ke pazcAt huA ho| chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu se pRthak haiN| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu kA astitvakAla vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu kA astitvakAla vIra ni0 kI dUsarI zatAbdI hai| nizItha meM 4 prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kA varNana hai| nizItha meM 20 uddezaka haiN| 16 uddezakoM meM prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai aura 20veM uddezaka meM prAyazcitta dene kI prakriyA hai| prathama uddezaka meM gurumAsika prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha, paMcama uddezakoM meM laghumAsika prAyazcitta kA varNana hai| chaThe se lekara 11veM uddezaka taka guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta kA vivecana hai| 12veM uddezaka se 19veM uddezaka taka laghucAturmAsika prAyazcitta kA pratipAdana hai / 20veM uddezaka meM AlocanAe~ evaM prAyazcitta karate samaya jo doSa lagate haiM una para cintana kiyA gayA hai aura usake lie vizeSa prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA hai| prAyazcitta ke do prakAra haiM-(1) mAsika aura (2) cAturmAsika / dvimAsika, paMcamAsika aura SaNmAsika-ye prAyazcitta AropaNA se banate haiN| 20veM uddezaka meM mukhya viSaya AropaNA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM AropaNA ke pAMca prakAra batAye haiM to samavAyAMga meM 28 prakAra batAye haiN| zramaNa 1 prabandha parijAta meM 'nizIthasUtra kA nirmANa aura nirmAtA' lekha / 2 bRhatkalpa, mA06, pR01 se 20 3 ThANAMgasUtra 433 4. samavAyAMga samavAya 20

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380 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM chaha mahIne se adhika tapasyA kA vidhAna nahIM hai etadartha AropaNA dvArA jo prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai vaha bhI 6 mahine se adhika nahIM hai|' hama pUrva hI likha cuke haiM ki nizItha gopanIya hai| isalie hama usakA sAra yahA~ prastuta nahIM kara rahe haiN| usameM saMkSepa meM pAMca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti va anya saMyamI jIvana meM jina doSoM ke lagane kI sambhAvanA hai usake zuddhikaraNa ke upAya varNita haiN| 1 jamhA jiyakappo imo| jassa tisthakarassa jaM ukkossaM tavakaraNaM tassa titthe tameva ukkosa pacchittadANaM sesasANaM bhavati / -nizIthacUNi, bhAga 4, pR0 307

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5. AvazyakasUtra Avazyaka janasAdhanA kA mUla prANa hai| vaha jIvana-zuddhi aura doSaparimArjana kA mahAsUtra hai| sAdhaka cAhe kitanA bhI abhyAsI ho kintu yadi use Avazyaka kA parijJAna nahIM hai to samajhanA cAhie ki use kucha bhI jJAna nahIM hai| Avazyaka sAdhaka kI apanI AtmA ko parakhane kA, nirakhane kA eka mahAna upAya hai| jaise vaidika paramparA meM saMdhyA hai, bauddha paramparA meM upAsanA hai aura IsAI dharma meM prArthanA hai| islAma dharma meM jaise namAja hai vaise hI jainadharma meM doSazuddhi aura guNavRddhi hetu Avazyaka hai| jo catuvidha saMgha ke lie pratidina avazya karane yogya hai vaha Avazyaka hai| anuyogadvArasUtra meM Avazyaka ke Avazyaka, avazya karaNIya, dhruva nigraha, vizodhi, adhyayana SaTkavarga, nyAya, ArAdhanA, mArga Adi ye paryAya batAe haiN| jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM dravya aura bhAva para gaMbhIra cintana kiyA hai| pratyeka kriyA dravya aura bhAva rUpa se kI jAtI hai| bahirTa STi vAle dravyapradhAna hote haiM jabaki antardRSTi vAle bhaavprdhaan| Avazyaka ke bhI dravya aura bhAva ye do rUpa haiN| dravyaAvazyaka kA artha hai antaraMga upayoga ke binA kevala paramparA kI dRSTi se sAdhanA karanA / usameM mana binA lagAma ke ghor3e kI taraha yA caMcala bandara kI taraha idharaudhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai aura vivekahIna sAdhanA calatI rahatI hai| vaha dravyasAdhanA antarjIvana ko prakAza pradAna nahIM kara sakatI ata: kevala dravyasAdhanA, sAdhanA ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| vaha prANarahita murde ke sadRza hai, usameM prANoM kA parispaMdana nahIM hai| kintu sAmAyika Adi bhAvaAvazyaka vivekapUrvaka binA kisI kAmanA ke kevala vizuddha jinAjJA ke anusAra mana, vacana aura kAyA ko ekAgra banAkara Avazyaka sambandhI mUla pAThoM ke athoM para cintana-manana ke sAtha nijAtmA ko karmamala se dUra karane ke lie donoM samaya karanA caahie| binA bhAva-Avazyaka ke Atma-zuddhi kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Avazyaka ke chaha prakAra batAye gaye haiM- ( 1 ) sAmAyika, (2) catuviMzatistava, (3) vandana, (4) pratikramaNa, (5) kAyotsarga aura (6) pratyAkhyAna / ye chaha prakAra hI Avazyaka ke chaha adhyayana haiN| Avazyaka kA 100 loka pramANa mUlapATha hai aura 11 gadyasUtra haiM va 9 padyasUtra haiN| prathama adhyayana meM sAmAyika kA varNana hai| yaha pratijJAsUtra hai / isake pratyeka zabda meM tyAga-vairAgya kA payodhi uchAleM mAra rahA hai| jitane bhI tIrthaMkara hote haiM ve sAdhanA ke patha meM bar3hane ke samaya isa maMgala pATha kA uccAraNa karate haiM / 382 sAmAyika utkRSTa sAdhanA hai| jaise ananta AkAza samasta cara-acara vastuoM kA AdhAra hai vaise hI samasta AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA AdhAra sAmAyika hai| madhumakkhI ke chatte meM jaba taka rAnImakkhI rahatI hai taba taka hajAroM makSikAe~ rahatI haiN| usake cale jAne para pIche koI makkhI nahIM rhtii| vaise hI samabhAva kI rAnImakkhI rahane para sabhI sadguNarUpI makSikAe~ A jAtI haiM / sAmAyika kA artha samatA hai| sAmAyika meM sAdhaka ko viSamabhAva se haTakara samabhAva meM sthira honA caahie| rAgadveSa ko tyAgakara AtmasvarUpa meM ramaNa karanA caahie| sAdhaka jaba sAvadyayoga se virata hotA hai, chahakAya ke jIvoM ke prati saMyata hotA hai, mana-vacana-kAyA ko ekAgra karatA hai, sva-svarUpa meM vicaraNa karatA hai taba sAmAyika kI sAdhanA sampanna hotI hai / sAmAyika kI sAdhanA mahAn sAdhanA hai| anya jitanI bhI sAdhanAe~ haiM unakA mUla sAmAyika meM hai / etadarthaM hI upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne sAmAyika ko sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI rUpa jinavANI kA sAra kahA hai aura jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne sAmAyika ko 14 pUrva kA arthapiNDa kahA hai / vaha Avazyaka kA AdimaMgala hai / sAmAyika ke sambandha meM vartamAna meM bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ cala rahI haiM para una bhrAnta dhAraNAoM kA mUla sAdhanA karane vAle kI upayogazUnyatA hai / sAmAyika meM sAvadyayoga kA tyAga kara sva-svarUpa meM ramaNa karane ke sAtha dhyAna va svAdhyAya meM tallIna rahanA caahie| kintu kisI kI nindA va vikathA nahIM karanI caahie| samabhAva hI yoga kA mUla maMtra hai| gItA meM bhI kRSNa ne 'samatvam yogamucyate' kahA hai / Avazyaka sUtra kA dUsarA adhyayana caturviMzatistava hai / sAmAyika meM

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 383 sAvadhayoga se virati hotI hai to use kisa kArya meM pravRtti karanI cAhie? isake lie catuvizatistava Avazyaka batAyA hai| jo sAmAyika sAdhanA ke lie AlaMbana svarUpa hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti se sAdhaka ko mahAna AdhyAtmika bala prApta hotA hai| usakA mithyA ahaMkAra naSTa ho jAtA hai aura varSoM se saMcita karma usI prakAra naSTa ho jAte haiM jaise agni kI nanhI-sI prajjvalita cinagArI ghAsa ke virATa Dhera ko bhasma kara detI hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti anta:karaNa kA snAna hai| usase sphUrti, pavitratA va bala prApta hotA hai| bhautika va AdhyAtmika dRSTi se tIrthaMkara mahAn haiM, unakI stuti karane kA artha haiunake sadguNoM ko, unake ucca AdarzoM ko apane jIvana meM mUrtarUpa denaa| tRtIya adhyayana 'vandana' Avazyaka hai| dvitIya adhyayana meM tIrthaMkaroM ke guNoM kA utkIrtana kiyA hai kyoMki tIrthaMkara deva haiN| deva ke bAda guru kA nambara hai, ataH tRtIya Avazyaka meM gurudeva. ko vandana kiyA hai| mana, vacana aura kAyA kA vaha prazasta vyApAra jisase sadgurudeva ke prati bhakti va bahumAna pragaTa ho, 'vandana' hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM vandana ke citikarma, kRtikarma, pUjAkarma Adi paryAya diye haiN| yaha smaraNa rahanA cAhie ki mAnava kA mahAn mastaka hara kisI ke caraNoM meM jhakAne ke lie nahIM hai| jainadharma guNoM kA upAsaka hai| sadguNI ke caraNoM meM sira jhukAne ko vaha upAdeya mAnatA hai aura guNahIna vyakti ke caraNoM meM jhukAne ko heya / asaMyamI, patita va durAcArI ko vandana karane kA artha hai asaMyama ko protsAhana denaa| isIlie niyuktikAra ne kahA hai jo mAnava guNahIna, avaMdya vyakti ko vandana karatA hai, to na to usake karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai aura na kIti kI hI prApti; balki asaMyama kA, durAcAra kA anumodana karane se karmoM kA bandha hI hotA hai| jaise avaMdya ko vandana karane se doSa lagatA hai vaise hI vandana karAne vAle ko bhI doSa lagatA hai| ataH bhadrabAhu svAmI ne kahA hai--yadi avaMdanIya vyakti guNI puruSoM dvArA vandana karAtA hai to vaha asaMyama meM aura bhI vRddhi karake apanA adha:patana karatA hai| jisakA jIvana tyAga-vairAgya se otaprota hai, nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM se jisakA jIvana pavitra va nirmala hai vaha sadguru hai / usako bhaktibhAva se vibhora hokara vandana karanA caahie| jisa vandana kI pRSThabhUmi

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384 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA meM bhaya kA bhUta nAca rahA ho; lajjA, pralobhana va svArtha aMgaDAiyA~ lete hoM vaha sacce artha meM vandana nahIM hai| vandana to Atmazuddhi kA mArga hai / vandana ke bhI dravya aura bhAva ye do rUpa haiN| dravyavandana ke sAtha bhAvavandana hone se jIvana meM abhinava cetanA kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| caturtha adhyayana kA nAma 'pratikramaNa' hai| pratikramaNa kA artha hai --- zubhayogoM se azubhayogoM meM gayI huI apanI AtmA ko puna: zubhayogoM meM lauttaanaa| azubhayoga se nivRtta hokara nizalyabhAva se uttarottara zubhayogoM meM pravRtta honA pratikramaNa hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura azubha yoga ye atyadhika bhayaMkara mAne gaye haiN| pratyeka sAdhaka ko ina doSoM kA pratidina pratikramaNa karanA caahie| mithyAtva kA parityAga kara samyaktva meM AnA caahie| avirati ko tyAgakara virati ko svIkAra karanA caahie| pramAda ke badale meM apramAda, kaSAya kA parihAra kara kSamAdi ko dhAraNa karanA cAhie aura saMsAra kI vRddhi karane vAle azubhayogoM ke vyApAra ko tyAga kara zubhayogoM meM ramaNa karanA caahie| kAla vizeSa kI apekSA se pratikramaNa ke pAMca bheda mAne gaye haiM(1) devasiya, (2) rAtrika, (3) pAkSika, (4) cAturmAsika, aura (5) saaNvtsrik| pAMcaveM adhyayana meM kAyotsarga kA varNana hai| kAyotsarga kA anuyogadvArasUtra meM dUsarA nAma vraNacikitsA hai| dharma kI sAdhanA karate samaya pramAdavaza ahiMsA, satya prati vratoM meM jo aticAra laga jAte haiM, skhalanAeM ho jAtI haiM ve saMyamarUpI zarIra ke ghAva haiN| kAyotsarga meM una ghAvoM para marahama lagAyA jAtA hai| kAyotsarga vaha auSadhi hai jo ghAvoM ko bhara kara saMyama ko puSTa karatI hai| kAyotsarga eka prakAra kA prAyazcitta hai jo purAne pApoM ko dhokara sApha karatA hai, isIlie zAstrakAra ne kahA ki saMyamI jIvana ko vizeSa rUpa se pariSkRta karane ke lie, prAyazcitta karane ke lie, vizuddhi karane ke lie, AtmA ko zalyarahita banAne ke lie, pApakarmoM ke nirghAta ke lie kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pApakarmoM ko bhAra kI upamA dI hai| kisI ke sira para bhAra ho to vaha kitane kaSTa kA anubhava karatA hai aura bhAramukta hone para kaisI zAnti kA anubhava karatA hai ! vaise hI kAyotsarga pApa ke bhAra

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 385 ko dUra kara detA hai; AtmA usa bhAra se halkA ho jAtA hai aura apane ko svastha, sukhamaya aura Anandamaya anubhava karatA hai / kAyotsarga meM 'kAya' aura 'utsarga' ye do zabda haiM jinakA artha hai zarIra kI mamatA ko tyAga kara aMtarmukha honA / zarIra kI mamatA sAdhanA meM sabase ast bAdhaka hai jo ki sAdhaka ke lie viSa samAna hai| kAyotsarga zarIra aura AtmA ko alaga samajhane kI kalA hai| yaha zarIra alaga hai aura maiM alaga haiN| zarIra vinAzI aura paudgalika hai jabaki AtmA ajara, amara, avinAzI aura caitanyasvarUpa hai| kAyotsarga ke bhI dravya aura bhAva ye do bheda haiM / dravya kI apekSA bhAva kA adhika mahattva hai| dravya aura bhAva ko samajhAne ke lie cAra rUpa batAye haiN| utthita utthita - vaha sAdhaka zarIra se bhI khar3A rahatA hai aura dharma va zukla dhyAna meM bhI ramaNa karatA hai| jaise gajasukumAla muni / utthita niviSTa --- jo sAdhaka dravya rUpa se to khar3A hotA hai kintu AtaMraudra dhyAna meM lagA rahane se baiTha jAtA hai arthAt zarIra se khar3A hai kintu AtmA se baiThA hai / upaviSTa utthita zArIrika asvasthatA ke kAraNa khar3A nahIM hotA va bhAva se vaha dharma va zukla dhyAna meM ramaNa kara rahA hai isalie zarIra se baiThA hai kintu AtmA se khar3A hai / upaviSTa niviSTa- jo sAdhaka AlasI, kartavyazUnya hai vaha zarIra se bhI baiThA hai aura sAMsArika viSayabhogoM kI kalpanA meM hI ulajhA rahane se upaviSTa niviSTa hai| yaha kAyotsarga nahIM kintu kAyotsarga kA dambha hai| chaThA adhyayana 'pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka' kA hai| saMsAra meM jitanI bhI vastue~ haiM unheM eka vyakti bhoga nahIM sktaa| bhoga ke pIche pAgala banakara mAnava kadApi zAMti nahIM pA sktaa| vAstavika Ananda bhogoM ke tyAga meM hai / ataH pratyAkhyAna meM sAdhaka bhogoM ko va padArthoM ko tyAga karatA hai| anna, vastra Adi tyAganA dravyapratyAkhyAna hai aura mithyAtva, ajJAna, asaMyama kA tyAga bhAvapratyAkhyAna hai / dravyapratyAkhyAna kI AdhArabhUmi bhAvapratyAkhyAna hai / anuyogadvAra meM pratyAkhyAna kA dUsarA nAma 'guNadhAraNa' hai| guNadhAraNa kA artha hai vratarUpa guNoM ko dhAraNa karanA / pratyAkhyAna ke dvArA AtmA mana, vacana, kAyA ko duSTa pravRttiyoM se rokakara zubha pravRttiyoM meM kendrita karatA hai / jaise icchA nirodha, tRSNAtyAga Adi sadguNoM kI prApti /

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386 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pratyAkhyAna ke mukhya do bheda haiM-(1) mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna aura (2) uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna / mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna ke sarva mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna aura dezaguNapratyAkhyAna do bheda hote haiN| sAdhuoM ke 5 mahAvrata sarva mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna hai aura gRhasthoM ke 5 aNuvrata dezaguNapratyAkhyAna haiN| mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna yAvajjIvana ke lie hotA hai aura uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna kucha dinoM ke lie hotA hai| usake bhI dezauttaraguNapratyAkhyAna aura sarvauttaraguNapratyAkhyAna ye do bheda haiN| 3 guNavrata va 4 zikSAvata dezauttaraguNapratyAkhyAna haiM aura anAgata, atikrAnta, koTisahita, niyaMtrita, sAkAra, nirAkAra, parimANakRta, niravazeSa, sAMketika, addhAsamaya ye 10 prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna sarva uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna hai jo sAdhu aura zrAvaka donoM ke lie hai| pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka saMyama kI sAdhanA meM dIpti paidA karatA hai| tyAga-bairAgya ko dRr3ha karatA hai ata: pratyeka sAdhaka kA kartavya hai ki vaha pratyAkhyAna svIkAra kara apanI AtmA kI zuddhi kre|| Avazyaka se jahA~ AdhyAtmika zuddhi hotI hai vahA~ laukika jIvana meM bhI samatA, namratA, kSamAbhAva Adi sadguNoM kI vRddhi hone se AnaMda ke nirmala jharane bahane lagate haiN|

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prakIrNaka Agama sAhitya 0 catuHzaraNa OAturapratyAkhyAna mahApratyAkhyAna D bhaktaparikSA O tandulavaicArika 0 saMstAraka C gacchAcAra ] glilimaa devendrastava 0 maraNasamAdhi cindavedhyaka ] mahAnizISa jItakalpa 1odhaniyukti 0 piNDaniyukti 0 upasaMhAra

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prakIrNaka nandIsUtra ke TIkAkAra malayagiri ne likhA hai ki tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa zruta kA anusaraNa karake zramaNa prakIrNakoM kI racanA karate haiN| athavA zruta kA anusaraNa karake vacanakauzala se dharmadezanA Adi ke prasaMga se zramaNoM dvArA kathita jo racanAyeM haiM ve bhI prakIrNaka kahalAtI haiM / zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA 14000 mAnI gaI hai| vartamAna meM prakIrNakoM kI mukhya saMkhyA dasa hai| ve ye haiM (1) catu:zaraNa, (2) AturapratyAkhyAna, (3) mahApratyAkhyAna, (4) bhaktaparijJA, (5) tandulavaicArika, (6) saMstAraka, (7) gacchAcAra, (8) gaNividyA, (6) devendrastava, (10) maraNasamAdhi / kintu ina nAmoM meM bhI ekarUpatA nahIM hai| kinhIM granthoM meM maraNasamAdhi aura gacchAcAra ke sthAna para candravedhyaka aura bIrastava ko ginA hai to kinhIM granthoM meM devendrastava aura vIrastava ko sammilita kara diyA gayA hai kintu saMstAraka kI parigaNanA na kara usake sthAna para gacchAcAra aura maraNasamAdhi kA ullekha karate haiN| (1) catuHzaraNa catuHzaraNa kA aparanAma kuzalAnubandhi adhyayana bhI hai / isameM 63 gAthAeM haiN| isa virAT vizva meM sarvatra azAnti kA sAmrAjya hai| jhoMpar3iyA~ kaSTa se Akula-vyAkula haiM to bhavya-bhavana ke nivAsI bhI duHkha kI jvAlAoM meM jhulasa rahe haiN| daridra bhI duHkhI hai to dhanavAna kA hRdaya bhI duHkha se prakaMpita hai| sabhI asahAya haiM, nirupAya haiN| saMsAra meM jitane bhI bhautika padArtha haiM ve mAnava ko zaraNa nahIM de skte| tana, dhana, jana, parijana, asana, vasana, bhavana, sabhI jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM zaraNabhUta nahIM hote, para mAnava dIvAnA banakara inake pIche rAta-dina lagA haA hai| jisa samaya kara kAla ke kAle kajarAle bAdala maMDarAte haiM usa samaya na dhana zaraNa detA

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 386 hai, na parijana aura na patnI hI use zaraNa de pAtI hai| usa samaya mAnava apane Apako asahAya anubhava karatA hai ataH prastuta grantha meM kahA hai ki 'mAnava tU bhayabhIta na bana / tu anya kisI kI bhI zaraNa meM mata jA kintu arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu aura sarvajJa prarUpita dharma kI zaraNa ko grahaNa kara / yahI saccA aura acchA zaraNa hai / " isIlie isa grantha kA nAma catuHzaraNa hai / catuHzaraNa hI kuzala kA kAraNa hai ataH ise kuzalAnubaMdhi kahA hai| prArambha meM SaDAvazyaka para prakAza DAlate hue batAyA hai ki sAmAyika Avazyaka se cAritra kI zuddhi hotI hai, caturviMzati jinastavana se darzana kI vizuddhi hotI hai, vandana se jJAna meM nirmalatA AtI hai / pratikramaNa se jJAna, darzana aura cAritra tInoM meM vizuddhi hotI hai| kAyotsarga se tapa kI zuddhi hotI hai aura paccakkhANa se vIrya kI vizuddhi hotI hai| grantha ke anta meM vIrabhadra kA ullekha hone se prastuta prakIrNaka ke racayitA vIrabhadra mAne jAte haiN| isa para bhuvanatuMga kI vRtti aura guNaratna kI avacUri bhI prApta hotI hai| (2) AturapratyAkhyAna (AurapaccakkhANa) AturapratyAkhyAna maraNa se sambandhita hai| isake kAraNa ise antakAla prakIrNaka bhI kahA gayA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'vRhadAturapratyAkhyAna' bhI hai| isa prakIrNaka meM 70 gAthAe~ haiN| dasa gAthA ke pazcAt kucha bhAga gadya meM hai / prathama bAlapaNDitamaraNa kI vyAkhyA kI hai| dezayati kI vyAkhyA karate hue pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata, cAra zikSAvrata, saMlekhanA bAlapaMDita kA vaimAnikoM meM upapAta aura unakI sAta bhava se siddhi batAI hai / paNDitamaraNa meM aticAroM kI zuddhi, jinavandanA, gaNadharavandanA, sarvaprANAtipAta, sarvamRSAvAda, sarvaadattAdAna, sarvaabrahma aura sarvaparigrahavirati, saMthAre kI pratijJA, sAmAyika, sarvabAhyAbhyantara upadhi, aThAraha 1 arihaMta siddha sAhU kevalikahio suhAvaho dhammo / ee cauro caugaiharaNA, saraNaM lahai dhanno // 11 // 12 vahI, gA0 6 3 vahI, gA0 63 - caturazaraNa, gA0 11

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36. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pApasthAnakoM kA tyAga, kevala AtmA kA avalambana, nizcayadRSTi se kevala AtmA hI jJAna-darzanAdi rUpa hai, ekatva bhAvanA, pratikramaNa-AlocanA, kssmaayaacnaa| AcArya ne maraNa ke bAla, bAlapaNDita aura paNDita ye tIna prakAra batAye haiN| bAlamaraNa marane vAlA virAdhaka hotA hai, use bodhi durlabha hotI hai, ananta saMsAra bar3ha jAtA hai| paNDitamaraNa meM jIva AhArAdi kA tyAga kara, jina-vacana para dRr3ha zraddhA rakhate hae, maraNa ke bhaya se mukta hokara kAladharma prApta karate haiM aura ArAdhaka hokara tIna bhava meM mukti ko prApta karate haiN| zIlavAna aura zIlarahita kI mRtyu meM, dhIra aura adhIra kI mRtyu meM dina-rAta kA antara hotA hai| isa prakAra isameM bAla aura paNDita maraNa kA vistRta varNana hai / isameM pratyAkhyAna ko zAzvata gati kA sAdhaka batAyA hai| isake racayitA vIrabhadra mAne jAte haiM / (3) mahApratyAkhyAna mahApratyAkhyAna (mahApaccakkhANa) prakIrNaka meM tyAga kA vistRta varNana hai| isameM 142 gAthAe~ haiN| - grantha ke prArambha meM tIrthakara, jina, siddha aura saMyatoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai aura pApa va duzcaritra kI nindA karate hae unake pratyAkhyAna para bala diyA hai| mamatva-tyAga ko mahattva diyA hai| nizcayadRSTi se AtmA hI jJAna, darzana va cAritra rUpa hai| sAdhaka ko mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM kA pratikramaNa karanA cAhie, pApoM kI AlocanA, nindA aura gardA karanI cAhie / jo nizzalya hotA hai usI kI zuddhi hotI hai| sazalya kI zuddhi nahIM hotii| sarvavirata kI ArAdhanA va pratyAkhyAna zuddha hotA hai| paNDitamaraNa marane vAlA jAnatA hai ki saMsAra azaraNabhUta hai, kAmabhogoM se kadApi tRpti nahIM ho sakatI ata: paMcamahAvrata kI rakSA karatA huA, nidAnarahita hokara maraNa kI pratIkSA karatA hai| karmoM ko kSaya karatA hai| jJAnI aura ajJAnI ke karmakSaya meM mahAna antara hai| antima samaya meM 1 tivihaM bhaNaMti maraNaM bAlANaM bAlapaMDiyANaM c| taiyaM paMDitamaraNaM jaM kevaliNo aNumaraMti // 35 // 2 vahI, gA068-70 -Atura0 gAthA 35

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 361 dvAdazAGgazruta kA cintana asambhava hai ataH usa samaya saMvega kI vRddhi karatA huA sAdhaka cAra maMgala, cAra zaraNa ko grahaNa kara evaM sarva pApa kA pratyAkhyAna kara tapa kI ArAdhanA va sAdhanA karatA huA karmoM ko kSaya karatA hai| yadi utkRSTa ArAdhanA hotI hai to vaha usI bhava meM mokSa prApta karatA hai, jaghanya va madhyama ArAdhanA se sAta-ATha bhava meM mokSa prApta karatA hai| grantha meM sarvatra pratyAkhyAna kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| vAstavika Ananda va akSaya zAnti ke lie bhogoM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| pratyAkhyAna se sAdhanA pradIpta hotI hai / tyAga-vairAgya dRr3ha hotA hai| (4) bhaktaparijJA prastuta prakIrNaka meM bhaktaparijJA nAmaka maraNa kA vivecana mukhya rUpa se hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma bhaktaparijJA hai / isameM 172 gAthAeM haiN| - vAstavika sukha kI upalabdhi jinAjJA kI ArAdhanA se hotI hai| paNDitamaraNa se ArAdhanA pUrNatayA saphala hotI hai| paNDitamaraNa (abhyudyata maraNa) ke bhaktaparijJA, iMginI aura pAdapopagamana ye tIna bheda kiye haiN|' bhaktaparijJA maraNa ke bhI savicAra aura avicAra ye do bheda kiye haiN| bhaktaparijJA kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki jo samyagdarzana se bhraSTa hai usakI mukti nahIM hotii| samyagdarzana se jo yukta hai vahI mukti kA adhikArI hai / 2 samyagdarzana mukti meM bhI sAtha rahatA hai| samyagdarzana se rahita sAdhaka utkRSTa cAritra kI sAdhanA karane ke bAvajUda bhI karmoM kI utanI nirjarA nahIM kara pAtA jitanI samyagdaSTi sAdhaka svalpa sAdhanA se kara letA hai| saMsArarUpI bhava-samudra ko tirane ke lie samyagdarzanapUrvaka aNuvrata, mahAvrata rUpa cAritra kI ArAdhanA Avazyaka hai| mana ko vaza meM karane ke lie aneka dRSTAnta diye gaye haiN| mana ko bandara kI upamA dete hue kahA hai ki jaise bandara eka kSaNamAtra ke lie bhI zAnta nahIM baiTha sakatA vaise 1 ta abbhujjaamaraNaM amaraNathammehi vani tivihaM / bhattaparinA iMgiNi pAovagarma ca dhIrehiM / / -bhaktaparijJA, gA. 2 dasaNamaTTho bhaTTho dasaNabhaTThassa natSi nivvANaM / sijhati caraNarahiA daMsaNarahiA na sijhaMti // -vahI, gA066

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362 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hI mana bhI kabhI nirviSaya nahIM hotA / caMcala mana ko vaza meM karane ke lie hiMsA kA tyAga karanA cAhie, dayAdharma kI ArAdhanA karanI caahie| jIva hiMsA karanA apane ApakI hiMsA karane ke samAna hai| hiMsA kA phala sadA kaTu hai ata: ahiMsA kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| asatya bhASaNa se bhI jIvana meM saMkleza prApta hotA hai, ataH asatya bhASaNa ko tyAga kara satya ko dhAraNa karanA caahie| adattAdAna, abrahma aura parigraha ko tyAga kara tathA zalya rahita hokara indriyanigraha karanA cAhie / indriyoM kA jo viSaya-sukha hai vaha viSa ke samAna bhayaMkara hai| kaSAya para vijaya vaijayantI phaharAte hue jinezvara devoM kI AjJA ke anusAra AcaraNa karate hue dRr3ha saMkalpa karanA cAhie / bhaktaparijJA ke samaya vedanA ko zAnta bhAva se sahana karanA cAhie, pratijJA kA dRr3hatA se pAlana kara namaskAra mahAmaMtra kA jApa karanA cAhie / bhaktaparijJA kA phala hai ki sAdhaka jaghanya saudharma devaloka meM utpanna hotA hai / utkRSTa gRhastha sAdhaka acyuta kalpa meM paidA hotA hai / zramaNa sarvArthasiddha meM yA nirvANa ko prApta hotA hai / prastuta prakIrNaka ke kartA vIrabhadra haiN| guNaratna ne isa para avacUri bhI likhI hai| (5) tandula vaicArika prastuta grantha meM sau varSa kI Ayu vAlA vyakti kitanA tandula yAni cAvala khAtA hai isa saMkhyA para vizeSa rUpa se cintana karane ke kAraNa upalakSaNa se isakA nAma tandulavaicArika (tandulaveyAliya ) rakhA gayA hai| isa prakIrNaka meM 139 gAthAe~ haiN| bIca-bIca meM kucha gadyasUtra bhI haiN| isameM mukhya rUpa se garbhaviSayaka varNana hai / sarvaprathama bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt jisakI Ayu sau varSa kI hai, parigaNanA karane para usakI jisa prakAra dasa avasthAe~ hotI haiM, aura una dasa avasthAoM ko saMkalita kara nikAla dene para usakI jitanI Ayu avazeSa rahatI hai usakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 1 ila joisara jiNavIrabhadmaNibANusAriNImiNamo / bhattaparinnaM dhannA pati NisuNaMti bhAveti // 2 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 125 / -vahI, 171

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 363 . yaha jIva do sau sAr3he satahattara dina-rAta taka garbha meM rahatA hai| ye dina-rAta sAmAnya taura para garbhavAsa meM lagate haiN| vizeSa paristhiti meM isase nyUna yA adhika samaya bhI laga sakatA hai| garbhastha jIva ke muhUrta, unake zvAsocchvAsa, yoni kA svarUpa, garbha meM sthita jIvoM kI saMkhyA adhika se adhika nau lAkha hotI hai| strI-puruSa kA abIjakAla, bAraha muhUrta meM jIvoM kI utpatti, bAraha varSa paryanta garbhastha jIva kI utkRSTa pitR-saMkhyA, strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka kA kukSi sthAna, tiryaMca kA utkRSTa garbha-sthiti kAla, garbhastha jIva kA sarvaprathama AhAra, garbhastha jIva kA vRddhikrama, garbhastha jIva ke mala-mUtra kA abhAva, usakA AhAra kA pariNAma, vaha kavalAhAra nahIM kintu oja AhAra letA hai, garbhastha jIva ke tIna mAtA ke aMga hote haiM aura tIna pitA ke aMga hote haiN| garbhastha jIva kI narakagati Adi ke baMdha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| - garbhAvasthA kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki raktotkaTa strI ke garbha meM eka sAtha adhika se adhika nau lAkha jIva utpanna hote haiM, bAraha muhUrta taka vIrya santAna paidA karane ke yogya rahatA hai| utkRSTa nau sau pitA kI eka santAna ho sakatI hai| garbha kI sthiti utkRSTa bAraha varSa kI hai| dakSiNa kukSi meM jo jIva rahatA hai vaha puruSa hotA hai, vAma kukSi meM jo jIva rahatA hai vaha strI, aura jo jIva donoM kukSiyoM ke madhya meM rahatA hai vaha napuMsaka hotA hai| tiryaMcoM kI utkRSTa garbhasthiti ATha varSa mAnI jaba vIrya kI mAtrA svalpa hotI hai aura rakta ko bahulatA hotI hai to strI paidA hotI hai| jaba rakta kI mAtrA alpa aura vIrya kI mAtrA bahuta hotI hai taba puruSa paidA hotA hai| jaba donoM kI mAtrA samAna hotI hai taba napuMsaka paidA hotA hai| jaba strI kA zoNita jama jAtA hai taba mAMsapiNDa utpanna hotA hai usameM pitA ke aMga nahIM hote| prasava kI pIr3A, janma aura maraNa ke duHkha para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| garbhaja jIva kI daza dazAoM ke nAma isa prakAra batAye haiM-(1) bAla dazA, (2) krIr3A dazA, (3) mandA dazA, (4) balA dazA, (5) prajJA dazA (6) hAyanI dazA, (7) prapaMcA dazA, (8) prAgbhArA dazA, (9) munmukhI dazA, (10) zAyanI dshaa|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA daza dazAoM kA prakArAntara se bhI varNana kiyA hai| dharmAcaraNa, puNya va apramAda kA upadeza diyA hai| 364 sAhityika bhASA meM yugala yugaliniyoM ke aMga-pratyaMgoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| unake saMhanana saMsthAna kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jo vyakti sau varSa taka jIvita rahatA hai vaha apane jIvana meM sAr3he bAIsa vaha tandula kA upayoga karatA hai, sAr3he pA~ca ghar3e mUMga kA upayoga karatA hai, caubIsa sau ADhaka ghRta-tela Adi snigdha padArtha kA upayoga karatA hai aura chattIsa hajAra pala namaka khAtA hai / eka vAha jo usa yuga kA pramANa vizeSa thA usameM cAra araba, sATha karor3a aura assI lAkha cAvala ke dAne hote the / vyAvahArika dRSTi se kAla kI parigaNanA karate hue batAyA hai ki eka ahorAtra ke zvAsocchvAsa, eka mAsa ke eka varSa ke aura sau varSa ke kitane zvAsocchvAsa hote haiN| muhUrta, Rtu va zatAyu kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai ataH dharmAcaraNa karanA caahie| yaha zarIra bhI eka dina naSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha vyAdhi kA mandira hai ataH deha ke prati Asakti kama karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / anta meM AcArya ne striyoM kI prakRti kI vikRti kA citraNa vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai| usa citraNa kA uddezya striyoM kI nindA karanA nahIM apitu puruSa ke antarmAnasa meM rahI huI jo strI ke prati Asakti hai use kama karanA hai / isameM jo upamAe~ striyoM ke lie dI gaI haiM vaisI hI upamAe~ puruSa ke lie bhI ho sakatI haiN| strI ke lie puruSa bhI usI prakAra haiya hai / isa varNana meM pramadA, nArI, mahilA, rAmA, aMganA, lalanA, yoSitA, vanitA prabhRti zabdoM kI vyutpattiyA~ dI gaI haiN| ina vyutpattiyoM se saMskRti ke svarUpa para nUtana prakAza par3atA hai| anta meM isa bAta para prakAza DAlA hai ki prastuta zarIra janma, jarA, maraNa evaM vedanAoM se bharA huA eka prakAra kA zakaTa hai| ataH aisA kArya karanA cAhie jisase sampUrNa duHkhoM se mukti prApta ho sake / (6) saMstAraka jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM saMthArA-saMstAraka kA atyadhika mahattva hai / jIvana bhara meM jo bhI zreSTha aura kaniSTha kRtya kiye hoM usakA lekhA lagAkara antima samaya meM samasta duSpravRttiyoM kA parityAga karanA, mana, vANI aura

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya - 365 zarIra ko saMyama meM rakhanA, mamatA se mana ko haTAkara samatA meM ramaNa karanA, Atmacintana karanA, AhAra Adi samasta upAdhiyoM kA parityAga kara AtmA ko nirdvandva aura nispRha banAnA, yahI saMstAraka yAni saMthAre kA Adarza hai| mRtyu se bhayabhIta hokara usase bacane ke lie pApakArI pravRttiyA~ karanA, rote aura bilakhate rahanA yaha ucita nahIM hai| jainadharma kA yaha pavitra Adarza hai ki jaba taka jIo, taba taka AnandapUrvaka jIo aura jaba mRtyu A jAye to vivekapUrvaka Ananda ke sAtha mro| tuma rote hue maro yaha tumhAre lie ucita nahIM hai| saMyama kI sAdhanA, tapa kI ArAdhanA karate hue adhika se adhika jIne kA prayAsa karo aura jaba tumheM yaha anubhava ho ki jIvana kI lAlasA meM hameM apane dharma se cyuta honA par3a rahA hai, lakSya se bhraSTa honA par3a rahA hai, to dharma va saMyama-sAdhanA meM dRr3ha rahakara samAdhi-maraNa hetu ha~satemuskarAte hue taiyAra ho jaao| mRtyu ko kisI bhI taraha se TAlA to nahIM jA sakatA kintu saMthAre kI sAdhanA se mRtyu ko saphala banAyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta grantha meM 123 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM mRtyu ke samaya apanAne yogya tRNa Adi zayyA kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA hai| saMstAraka para AsIna hokara paNDitamaraNa ko prApta karane vAlA zramaNa mukti ko varaNa karatA hai| prazasta saMthAre kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue likhA hai ki jaise parvatoM meM meru, samudroM meM svayaMbhUramaNa aura tAroM meM candra zreSTha hai usI prakAra suvihitoM meM saMthArA sarvottama hai|' . atIta kAla meM saMthArA karane vAlI mahAn AtmAoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA hai| unameM se kucha nAma isa prakAra haiM-arNikAputra, sukozalaRSi, avanti, kArtikArya, cANakya, amRtaghoSa, cilAtiputra, gajasukumAla Adi / inake upasargajaya kI prazaMsA bhI kI gaI hai| ___ saMthAre meM sAdhaka sabhI se kSamAyAcanA kara karmakSaya karatA hai aura tIna bhava meM mokSa prApta karatA hai| isa para guNaratna ne avacUri likhI hai| 1 meru bva pandayANaM sayaMbhuramaNu bva ceva udahINaM / caMdo iva tArANaM taha saMthAro suvihimANaM // -saMstAraka, gAthA 30

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366 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (7) gacchAcAra ( gacchAyAra) isameM gaccha arthAt samUha meM rahane vAle zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai / isa prakIrNaka meM 137 gAthAeM haiN| yaha prakIrNaka mahAnizItha, bRhatkalpa va vyavahAra sUtroM ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| isa para AnandavimalasUri ke ziSya vijayavimalagaNi kI TIkA hai| isameM gaccha meM rahane vAle AcArya tathA zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai| asadAcArI zramaNa gaccha meM rahatA hai to vaha saMsAra paribhramaNa ko bar3hAtA hai jabaki sadAcArI zramaNa gaccha meM rahatA hai to dharmAnuSThAna kI pravRtti dina dUnI rAta caugunI bar3hatI hai| jo zramaNa AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se apane jIvana kA utkarSa karanA cAhate haiM unheM cAhie ki jIvana paryanta ve gaccha meM hI raheM, kyoMki gaccha meM rahane se unakI sAdhanA binA bAdhA ke ho sakatI hai| jo guru ziSya ke dvArA zramaNAcAra ke viruddha kArya karane para bhI prAyazcitta Adi dekara usakA zuddhikaraNa nahIM karatA hai, usa ziSya ko hitamArga para nahIM lagAtA hai vaha guru ziSya ke liye zatru ke samAna hai| isI taraha yadi guru sAdhanA ke mahAmArga se cyuta hokara asadmArga kI ora jAtA hai to ziSya kA kartavya hai ki vaha unheM sanmArga yAni dharmamArga kI ora bar3hAye yadi vaha nahIM bar3hAtA hai to vaha ziSya bhI zatru ke samAna hai / AcArya saMgha kA pitA hai| usakA svayaM kA jIvana AcAra kI sumaghura saurabha se mahakatA hai aura jo usake netRtva meM rahate haiM unheM bhI vaha AcAramArga para calane kI prabala preraNA detA hai| kintu jo AcArya svayaM sAdhanA se bhraSTa hai, bhraSTAcArI hai, saMgha meM bhraSTAcAriyoM kI upekSA karatA hai aura unmArgasthita hai aisA AcArya mokSamArga ko naSTa karane vAlA hai| * 1 mahAnisIhakappAo, vavahArAjo taheva ya / nigefragr macchAyAraM samuddhiyaM // 2 tamhA niuNaM nihAleuM, gacchaM sammammapaTTiyaM / vasijja tattha AjammaM, goyamA ! saMjae muNI // 3 jIhAe bilihato na bhao sAraNA jahi natthi / DaMDeNa vi tADaMto sa bhaddao sAraNA jattha // sIso vi verio so u, jo guru na vibohae / pamAyamairAvatthaM, sAmAyArI 4 bhaTThAyAro sUri bhaTTayArANuvekkhao sUri / ummaggaThio sUri tini ci maggaM paNAsaMti // gacchAcAra, gA0 135 gacchAcAra, gA0 7 virAhayaM // gacchAcAra, gA0 17-18 -vahI, gA0 28

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 367 gaccha ke mahattva kA pratipAdana karate hue likhA hai ki gaccha mahAna prabhAvazAlI hai, usameM rahane se mahAn nirjarA hotI hai| sAraNA, vAraNA aura preraNA hone se sAdhaka ke purAne doSa naSTa hote haiM aura nUtana doSoM kI utpatti nahIM hotii| vaha sugaccha hai jisa gaccha meM dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA ina cAra prakAra ke dharmoM kA AcaraNa karane vAle gItArtha zramaNa adhika mAtrA meM hoN|2|| zramaNiyoM kI maryAdA kA varNana karate hue batAyA hai ki jisa gaccha meM sthavirA mahAsatI ke pazcAt yuvA mahAsatI rAtri meM zayana karatI ho, aura yuvA mahAsatI ke pazcAt sthavirA mahAsatI zayana karatI ho| isa prakAra jisa saMgha meM zramaNiyoM ke sone kI vyavasthA ho vaha saMgha jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA AdhArabhUta zreSTha gaccha hai| zramaNoM ko zramaNiyoM se adhika paricaya nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki unakA paricaya agni aura viSa ke samAna hai| sambhava hai sthavira kA citta pUrNa sthira ho tathApi agni ke samIpa meM ghI rahane se vaha pighala jAtA hai vaise hI sthavira ke saMsarga se AryA kA citta pighala sakatA hai| yadi usa samaya kadAcit sthavira ko bhI apanI saMyama sAdhanA kI vismRti ho jAye to usakI bhI vaisI hI sthiti hotI hai jaise zleSma meM lipaTI huI makkhI kI hotI hai| etadartha zramaNa ko bAlA, vRddhA, nAtina, duhitA aura bhaginI taka ke zarIra kA sparza karane kA niSedha hai| .. zaM karane kA niSedha hai| . . (5) gaNividyA (gaNivijjA) gaNividyA yaha jyotiSa kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isameM kevala 52 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM (1) divasa, (2) tithi, (3) nakSatra, (4) karaNa, (5) graha -cchAcAra, gA051 -bahI, gA0 100 1 gaccho mahANubhAvo tattha vasaMtANa nijjarA viulaa| sAraNavAraNacoaNamAIhiM na dospddivttii|| 2 sIlatavadANamAvaNa caumvihadhammatarAyabhayabhIe / jattha baha gIatthe goama ! gacchaM tayaM bhaNiyaM // 3 jatya ya gherI taruNI pherI taruNIya aMtare subaha / goama! taM gacchavaraM varanANacarittaAhAraM // 4 tulanA kIjie mAtrA svastrA duhitrA vAM na viviktAsano bhavet / balavAnidriyagrAmo vidvAMsamapi karSati // vahI, gA0 123 mama manusmRti, 22215

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368 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA divasa, (6) muhataM, (7) zakuna, (8) lagna aura (8) nimitta-ina nau viSayoM kA vivecana hai| divasa se tithi, tithi se nakSatra, nakSatra se karaNa, karaNa se graha-divasa, grahadivasa se muharta, muhUrta se zakuna, zakUna se lagna, aura lagna se nimitta balavAna hotA hai| prastuta grantha meM vihAra ke lie zubhAzubha tithiyAM, ziSya kA niSkramaNa, tithiyoM ke nAma evaM dIkSA ke lie zreSTha tithiyAM batAI haiN| nau nakSatroM meM gamana karanA zubha mAnA gayA hai| prasthAna ke lie upayukta nakSatroM kA varNana karane ke uparAMta niSiddha nakSatroM meM gamana karane kA niSedha kiyA hai| pAdapopagamana saMthArA ke lie kaunasA nakSatra upayukta hai| dIkSA meM kauna-se nakSatra niSiddha haiM, jJAna vRddhi aura loca ke lie kauna-se nakSatra kSeSTha haiN| gaNI aura vAcaka pada ke lie, sthira kArya ke lie, jJAna sampAdana ke lie, mRdu kAryoM ke lie, tapa va saMthArA aura saMgha ke kAryoM ke lie kauna-sA nakSatra zreSTha hai-usa para prakAza DAlA hai| karaNa ke nAma, zuma kAryoM ke lie kaunasA karaNa upayukta hai / chAyA muharta, acche kAryoM ke lie zubha yoga, tIna prakAra ke zakUna, tIna prakAra ke zakunoM meM kiyA jAne vAlA kArya, prazasta aura aprazasta lagna, mithyA aura satya nimitta, tIna prakAra ke nimitta, nimitta kI satyatA, prazasta nimittoM meM sabhI kArya karane cAhie aura aprazasta nimittoM meM sabhI zubha kArya karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| prastuta grantha meM horA kA bhI varNana hai| (e) devendrastava (devidadhava) devendrastava prakIrNaka meM battIsa devendroM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / isameM 307 gAthAeM haiN| grantha ke prAraMbha meM batAyA hai ki koI zrAvaka bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra taka kI stuti karatA hai| tIrthakara battIsa indroM se pUjita hai| zrAvikA apane pati se jijJAsA prastuta karatI hai ki battIsa indra kauna-kauna se haiM ? battIsa indroM ke rahane kA sthAna kauna sA hai ? battIsa indroM kI sthiti, battIsa indroM ke adhikAra meM bhavana yA vimAna, bhavanoM aura vimAnoM kI lambAI-caur3AI, UMcAI, varNa Adi, battIsa indroM ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra Adi chaha prazna pUchatI hai| . .... zrAvaka usakA samAdhAna karate hae sarvaprathama bhavanavAsI devoM kA

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 366 varNana karatA hai| bIsa bhavanendroM ke nAma, bhavana saMkhyA, bhavanendroM kI sthiti, bhavanendroM ke nagara aura bhavana, trAyastrizaka deva, lokapAla, pariSada aura sAmAnika deva, saba indroM ke sAmAnika devoM kI saMkhyA meM samAnatA, bhavanendroM kI agramahiSiyA, bhavanendroM ke AvAsasthAna, upapAta, bhavanendroM kA bala-bIrya Adi para prakAza DAlatA hai| usake pazcAt ATha prakAra ke vyantara deva, vyantara devoM ke mahaddhika solaha indra, tInoM loka meM vyantarendroM kA sthAna, vyantarendroM kA jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa vistAra aura unakI sthiti kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| usake bAda jyotiSI devoM kA varNana hai| pAMca prakAra ke jyotiSI deva haiN| jyotiSI devoM ke vimAnoM kA saMsthAna, pRthvI se jyotiSI devoM kI U~cAI, jyotiSI devoM ke maNDala, maNDaloM kA AyAma, viSkambha, bAhalya, paridhi, jyotiSI devoM ke vimAnoM ko vahana karane vAle devoM kI saMkhyA, jyotiSI devoM kI gati aura Rddhi, sarvaAbhyantara, sarvavAhya, sabase Upara aura sabase nIce bhramaNa karane vAle nakSatra, tArAoM kA antara, candra aura sUrya ke sAtha yoga karane vAle nakSatra, jambUdvIpa, lavaNasamudra, dhAtakIkhaNDa, kAloda samudra, puSkaravaradvIpa, puSkarArdhadvIpa, manuSyaloka ke candra Adi pA~ca jyotiSI deva / manuSyaloka ke bAhara candra Adi pAMca jyotiSI deva / jyotiSI devoM kI gati kA saMsthAna, jyotiSI devoM kI paMktiyA~, candra sUrya aura maNDaloM meM dakSiNAvarta gati, nakSatra aura tArAoM ke avasthiti maNDala, jyotiSI devoM kI gati kA manuSyoM para prabhAva, candra sUrya kA tApa kSetra, candra kI hAni-vRddhi kA kAraNa, cara aura sthira jyotiSI deva, manuSya kSetra ke candra sUrya, candra sUrya kA nakSatroM se yoga, candra sUrya kA antara, eka candra kA parivAra, jyotiSI devoM kI sthiti, Adi kA varNana hai| usake pazcAt vaimAnika devoM kA varNana hai| bAraha devalokoM ke bAraha indra batAye haiN| ahamindra graiveyaka deva, praiveyaka devoM ke upapAta, bAraha devalokoM kI vimAna saMkhyA, vaimAnika devoM kI sthiti, aveyaka deva aura anuttara devoM kI sthiti, vimAnoM ke saMsthAna, unakA AdhAra, devatAoM meM lezyA, unakI avagAhanA, unameM pravicAra (maithUna), devatAoM kI gaMdha, unake vimAnoM kI avasthiti, bhavanoM aura vimAnoM kA alpa-bahutva, anuttara devoM kA . devendrastava, gAthA 163-165

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400 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA varNana, devatAoM kI AhArecchA aura zvAsocchavAsa, devatAoM ke avadhijJAna kA kSetra, vimAnoM kI U~cAI, devatAoM kA sAmAnya rUpa se paricaya diyA / anta meM ISat prAgbhArA kA varNana kiyA hai aura aupapAtika ke sadRza siddhoM kA varNana kara jinendradeva kI mahimA aura garimA kA varNana kara kahA ki bhavanapati, vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika devoM kI stuti pUrNa huii| . prastuta prakIrNaka ke racayitA vIrabhadra mAne jAte haiN| isa prakaraNa meM battIsa indroM para prakAza DAlane kI bAta kaha kara bhI adhika indroM ke sambandha meM carcA kI hai| jabaki anya sthAnoM para bhavanapati ke bIsa, vANavyaMtara ke battIsa, jyotiSI ke do aura vaimAnakoM ke dasa indroM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa prakAra kula 64 indra hote haiN| (10) maraNasamAdhi (maraNasamAhI). __ maraNasamAdhi kA apara nAma maraNavibhakti hai| yaha prakIrNaka sabhI prakIrNakoM meM bar3A hai-(1) maraNavibhakti, (2) maraNavizodhi, (3) maraNa samAdhi, (4) saMlekhanAzruta, (5) bhaktaparijJA, (6) AturapratyAkhyAna, (7) mahApratyAkhyAna, (8) ArAdhanA-ina ATha prAcIna zrutagranthoM ke AdhAra para prastuta prakIrNaka kI racanA huI hai / 2 ziSya ne AcArya se jijJAsA prastuta kI ki bhagavan ! samAdhimaraNa kisa prakAra prApta hotA hai ? ... AcArya ne samAdhimaraNa ke kAraNabhUta (1) AlocanA, (2) saMlekhanA, (3) kSamApanA, (4) kAla, (5) utsarga, (6) udgrAsa (7) saMthArA, 1 momejjavaNayarANaM joisiyANaM vimaannvaasiinnN| devanikAyANaM yavo samatto apariseso / / -devenastava, gA0 307 2 eyaM maraNavibhatti maraNavisohi ca nAma guNarayaNaM / maraNasamAhI tazyaM saMlehaNasurya cautthaM ca // paMcama bhattapariNA, cha8' AurapaccakkhANaM ca / sattama mahapaccakkhANaM aTThama ArAhaNapaiNNo / imAo aTTa suyAo bhAvA u gahiAmi lesa atthaao| maraNavimatI raiyaM biya nAma maraNasamAhiM ca / / -maraNasamAdhi, gA0661-663

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 401 (6) nisarga, (9) vairAgya, (10) mokSa, (11) dhyAna vizeSa, (12) lezyA, (13) samyaktva, (14) pAdopagamana-ye caudaha dvAra batAye haiN| niHzalya hokara AlocanA karanI caahie| AlocanA ke dasa doSa haiM (1) AkaMpayittA-AlocanA lene vAlA yaha vicAra kare ki jinake pAsa AlocanA kara rahA hU~, unakI maiM pahale khUba sevA karalaM jisase ve prasanna hokara mujhe bahuta kama prAyazcitta deNge| (2) aNumANaittA-pahale laghu doSoM kI AlocanA karake yaha anumAna karane kA prayAsa kare ki AcArya kisa prakAra kA daNDa dete haiM / yA prAyazcitta ke bhedoM ko pUchakara pahale yaha anumAna karanA ki mujhe kitanA daNDa milegA, usake pazcAt AlocanA krnaa| (3) viDa-jisa doSa ko kisI ne dekha liyA ho usI kI AlocanA karanA, zeSa kI nhiiN| (4) bAyara-sirpha sthUla-sthUla doSoM kI AlocanA krnaa| (5) suhayaM-laghu-laghu doSoM kI AlocanA krnaa| isameM sAdhaka kI yaha manovRtti hotI hai ki jo bar3e doSoM kI AlocanA karate hue saMkoca nahIM karatA vaha laghu doSoM ko kyoM chipAyegA athavA jo laghu-laghu doSoM kI bhI AlocanA karatA hai vaha bar3e doSa kisa prakAra chipAyegA? isa prakAra isameM mAyA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| (6) channaM-lajjA kA pradarzana karate hue ekAnta meM itanA aspaSTa va mandasvara se AlocanA karatA hai ki AlocanA pradAtA bhI use pUrNarUpa se na suna ske| (7) saddAulayaM-dUsare vyaktiyoM ko sunAne ke lie ki maiM AlocanA kara rahA hU~ ata: jora-jora se bolnaa| (4) bahajana-logoM ke sAmane apanI pApabhIratA kA pradarzana karane ke lie eka hI doSa kI anekoM ke sAmane AlocanA karanA jisase ki loga prazaMsA kreN| 1 vahI, gA081-82 2 tulanA kIjie (ka) bhagavatIsUtra 2517 (kha) sthAnAMgasUtra

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402 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (e) avyata - aise agItArtha zramaNa pAsa jAkara AlocanA karanA jise yaha jJAta na ho ki kisa aticAra kA kauna-sA prAyazcitta AtA hai| (10) tatsevI - jisa doSa kI AlocanA karanI ho, usI doSa kA sevana karane vAle AcArya ke pAsa jAkara isa bhAvanA se AlocanA kare ki unhoMne bhI isa doSa kA sevana kiyA hai ataH mujhe ve isakA prAyazcitta nyUna deNge| Alocaka ko ina doSoM se baca kara sarala va niSkapaTa bhAva se AlocanA karanI caahie| bAraha prakAra ke tapa kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| saMlekhanA ke Abhyantara aura bAhya ye do prakAra batAye haiN| kaSAyoM ko kRza karanA yaha Abhyantara saMlekhanA hai aura kAyA ko kRza karanA yaha bAhya saMlekhanA hai| 1 saMlekhanA kI vidhi para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| sAdhaka ko upAdhi kA tyAga kara AtmA kA avalambana lenA cAhie / paNDitamaraNa Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dharma kA upadeza dene ke lie aneka dRSTAnta bhI diye haiM / parISaha sahana karate hue pAdopagamana saMthArA karake siddhagati prApta karane vAloM ke dRSTAnta bhI diye haiM / anta meM anitya, azaraNa Adi bAraha bhAvanAoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai / " (11) candravedhyaka ( candAvijzaya) candravesyaka prakIrNaka kA artha hai rAdhAveda / jaise susajjita hone para bhI antima samaya meM kiJcit mAtra bhI pramAda karane vAlA vedhaka rAdhAveda vedha nahIM kara sakatA usI prakAra jIvana kI antima ghar3iyoM meM kiJcitmAtra bhI pramAda kA AcaraNa karane vAlA sAdhaka siddhi kA varaNa nahIM kara pAtA / ataH AtmArthI sAdhaka ko sadA-sarvadA apramatta hokara vicaraNa karanA caahie| * prastuta prakIrNaka meM vinaya, AcAryaguNa, ziSyaguNa, vinayanigrahaguNa, 1 saMlehaNA ya duvihA abhitariyA ya bAhirA caiva / aforaft sare bAhiriyA hoi ya sarIre // 2 vahI, gA0 423-522 3 vahI, gA0 572-638 4 candravedhyaka, gA0 128-130 -maraNasamAthi, gA0 176

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 403 jJAnaguNa, caraNaguNa, maraNaguNa-ina sAta viSayoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai| isa prakIrNaka meM 175 gAthAe~ haiN| (12) vIrastava (vIratthava) isameM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti kI gaI hai| mahAvIra ke aneka nAmoM kA ullekha bhI huA hai| isameM 43 gAthAeM haiN| ina prakIrNakoM ke atirikta anya aneka prakIrNakoM kI racanAe~ haI haiN| unameM se kucha ke nAma isa prakAra haiM titthogAlI, ajIvakalpa, siddhapAhuDa (siddhaprAbhRta), ArAhaNapahAA (ArAdhanApatAkA) dIvasAyarapaNNatti (dvIpasAgaraprajJapti), joisakaraMDaka (jyotiSkaraNDaka), aMgavijjA (aMgavidyA), tihipaiNNaga, sArAvali, pajjaMtArAhaNA (paryantArAdhanA), jIvavihatti (jIvavibhakti), kavacaprakaraNa joNipAhuDa aadi| ina sabhI prakIrNakoM meM jIvana-zodhana kI vividha prakriyAe~ batAI gaI haiN| jIvana meM nirmalatA aura pavitratA kisa prakAra A sakatI hai isa para cintana kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI kucha granthoM meM jyotiSa aura nimitta sambandhI bAtoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 1 viNayaM AyariyaguNe sIsaguNe viNayaniggaha guNe ya / nANaguNe caraNaguNe maraNaguNe ittha vacchAmi // -banAvedhyaka, gA03

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mahAnizItha bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se evaM viSaya kI dRSTi se bhI prastuta Agama kI racanA arvAcIna AgamoM meM kI jAtI hai, kyoMki isameM aneka sthaloM para Agametara granthoM ke ullekha va uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| isameM chaha adhyayana haiM aura do cUlAe~ haiM / grantha kA zloka pramANa 4554 hai / ' prathama adhyayana kA nAma zalyoddharaNa (sallugharaNa ) hai / grantha ke prArambha meM tIrtha aura arhantoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt 'suyaM me' vAkya se viSaya kA prArambha hotA hai kintu zIghra hI aisA varNana hai ki chadmastha zramaNa aura zramaNiyA~ mahAnizItha ke anusAra AcaraNa karane vAle hoM to ekAgracitta hokara AtmA meM ramaNa karate haiM / usake bAda vairAgya kI abhivRddhi karane vAlI gAthAe~ haiN| jinameM sAdhaka ko zalyarahita honA cAhie isa bAta para bala diyA hai| jaba taka pAparUpI zalya jIvana meM se nahIM nikalatA taba taka sAdhaka ke jIvana meM Ananda kI baMzI nahIM baja sktii| isameM 'hayaM nANaM' Adi Avazyaka niyukti kI gAthAeM uTTati kI gaI haiN| zAstroddhAra kI vidhi para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai ki zruta devatA vidyA kA lekhana kara usase maMtrita hokara sone para svapna kI saphalatA prApta hotI hai| niHzalya hokara sabhI se kSamA-yAcanA karanI caahie| isase kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi hotI hai| dUSita AlocanA ke dRSTAnta diye gaye haiM / mokSa prApta karane vAlI aneka niHzalya zramaNiyoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| apane aparAdha ko chupAne vAle kI durgati hotI hai yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai| adhyayana ke anta meM likhA hai ki maiMne acchA nahIM likhA hai, aisA 1 prastuta grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| Agama prabhAkara svargIya munipravara zrI puNyavijayajI mahArAja ne isakI presa kApI taiyAra kI thI usI ke AdhAra se yaha vivaraNa prastuta hai|

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405 aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya vijJa mujha para doSAropaNa na kareM kyoMki mere samakSa jo Adarza prati hai vaha khaNDa hai / dvitIya adhyayana meM karmavipAka kA vivecana hai| isameM zArIrika Adi duHkhoM kA varNana hai / Asrava dvAra ke nirodha se duHkhoM kA anta batAyA gayA hai / isa adhyayana ke sAtaveM uddezaka meM strI varjana kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / gautama aura mahAvIra ke saMvAda ke mAdhyama se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo adhama sAdhaka hote haiM ve hI striyoM ke kAma- rAga meM Asakta hote haiM / parigraha se jIvana dUSita hotA hai / tRtIya adhyayana ke prArambha meM likhA hai ki prathama aura dvitIya adhyayana kA samAveza sAmAnya vAcanA meM hai / isake pazcAt ke cAra adhyayana kA adhikArI yogya vyakti hI hai, ayogya nhiiN| cAra adhyayanoM ke lie nirdiSTa tapasyA kA varNana hai| ye cAra adhyayana sampUrNa zruta kA sAra haiN| sabhI zreya kAryoM meM vighna hotA hai ataH maMgala karaNIya hai / maMtra, taMtra Adi aneka vidyAoM ke nAma batAye haiN| namaskAra maMtra, upadhAna, anukampA Adi kA varNana hai / yahA~ para yaha bhI batAyA hai ki vajrasvAmI ne vyucchinna paMcamaMgala kI niyukti Adi kA uddhAra karake ise mUlasUtra meM sthAna diyA / AcArya haribhadra ne khaNDita prati ke AdhAra se isakA uddhAra kiyA hai / " bAda meM siddhasena divAkara, vRddhavAdI, jakkhaseNa (yakSasena), devagupta, yazovardhana kSamAzramaNa ke ziSya ravigupta, nemicandra, jinadAsagaNI kSamAzramaNa, satyazrI pramukha Adi yugapradhAna AcAryoM ne mahAnizItha kA atyadhika sammAna kiyA hai| paMcanamaskAra ke pazcAt iriyAvahI kA nirdeza hai| dvAdaza aMgoM kI tapasyA vidhi aura usase hone vAle lAbha kA ullekha kiyA hai| caturtha adhyayana meM kusaMga ke dRSTAnta meM sumati kI kathA dI gaI hai| zithila AcAra kI parigaNanA kI gaI hai| praznavyAkaraNa vRddha vivaraNa kA 1 ettha ya jattha jastha payaMpayeA'NulaggaM suttalAvagaM Na saMpajJjai tattha tattha subaharehi kulihidoso Na dAyaco ti / kiMtu jo so eyassaM aticiMtAmaNikappabhUyassa mahAnisahasuyavakhaMdhassa puvvAyariso Asi tahi ceva khaMDAkhaMDIe udde hiyA ehi Uhi bahave paNNagA parisaDiyA tahAvi accatasamuhatyAisayaM ti imaM mahAnisIhasukkhaMdhaM kasiNapavayaNassa paramasArabhUyaM paraM tattaM mahatyaM ti kaliUNa pavayaNavacchallasaNeNa /

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406 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nirUpaNa hai| zithila AcAra kA samarthana karanA hI doSa hai| usase vrata bhaMga hotA hai| kuzIla ke saMsarga se ananta saMsAra kI abhivRddhi hotI hai aura usake saMsarga kA jo parityAga karatA hai use siddhi milatI hai| AcArya haribhadra kA yaha abhimata hai ki caturtha adhyayana ke kitane hI AlApaka zraddhA ke yogya nahIM hai tathApi vRddhavAda ke anusAra zaMkA karanA bhI yogya nahIM hai| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki prastuta adhyayanagata mUla bAta kA samarthana sthAnAMga Adi se bhI nahIM hotA hai| paMcama adhyayana kA nAma navanIta sAra hai| isameM gaccha ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vijJoM kA aisA mAnanA hai ki gacchAcAra nAmaka prakIrNaka kA mUla AdhAra prastuta adhyayana hai / gaccha meM kisa prakAra rahanA cAhie isa para cintana karate hue batAyA hai ki gaccha kI maryAdA duppasaha nAmaka AcArya taka rhegii| paMcama Are ke anta meM hone vAle zramaNa-zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ina cAroM dvArA maryAdA kA pAlana kiyA jaayegaa| zayyaMbhava ko Asanna-kAlIna batAyA hai| kalkI ke samaya meM "sirippabha" nAmaka anagAra hoNge| isameM dasa AcAryoM kA bhI varNana hai / dravyastava karane vAle ko asaMyata batAyA hai| jinAlayoM ke saMrakSaNa aura unake jIrNoddhAra kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| isameM sAvadhAcArya kA nirUpaNa hai| kisI samaya kisI zramaNI ne namaskAra karate samaya unakA sparza kiyA thA jisake kAraNa ve mahAnizItha kI tirAnaveM gAthA kA artha karate samaya hicakicAte the| ayogya ke samakSa utsarga aura apavAda kA nirUpaNa karane se sAvadhAcArya ne ananta saMsAra bar3hA diyA thaa| jisase ve aneka bhavoM taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kreNge| chaThe adhyayana kA nAma 'gIyattha vihAra' hai| dazapUrvI nandiSeNa ke dvArA doSa sebana hone prAyazcitta karane kA ullekha hai / prAyazcitta kI vidhi batAI hai| meghamAlA kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| Arambha-samArambha ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ArambhatyAga kI azakyatA ke sambandha meM ISara kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| rajjA AryikA kA dRSTAnta hai| agItArtha ke viSaya meM lakSaNAryA kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| isa adhyayana meM prAyazcitta ke daza 1 vahI, pR0 102

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya aura AlocanA ke cAra bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai / isameM AcArya bhadra ke eka gaccha meM pAMcasau sAdhu va bArahasau sAdhviyoM hone kA ullekha hai| cUlAe~ 407 isameM do cUlAe~ haiM / dvitIya cUlA meM vidhipUrvaka dharmAcaraNa kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| caityavandana sambandhI prAyazcitta kA nirUpaNa hai / svAdhyAya meM bAdhA upasthita karane vAle ke lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai / pratikramaNa tathA 'paccuppehA' ke prAyazcitta, paristhApanikA aura muhaNaMtaga ke prAyazcitta, jJAnagrahaNa sambandhI prAyazcitta, bhikSA sambandhI prAyazcita kA varNana hai| isameM prAyazcittasUtra vicchinna ho gayA hai-- isakI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| vidyA mantroM kI carcA hai jo jalAdi se rakSA karatA hai| prAyazcitta kI vizeSa rUpa se carcA kI gaI hai| AlocanAdi prAyazcitta kA bhI nirUpaNa hai / hiMsA ke sambandha meM susar3ha kI bhI kathAeM haiN| isameM satI prathA aura rAjA ke putrahIna para kanyA ko rAjagaddI para baiThAne kA ullekha hai| kImiyA banAne kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai / gar3ha jAlora meM paM0 muni zrI kalyANavijayajI ke zAstra saMgraha meM maiMne tADapatra para likhI huI prAcIna pustaka bhaNDAroM kI sUcI dekhI thii| usameM mahAnizItha kI kaniSTha, madhyama aura utkRSTa bheda se tIna vAcanAoM kA ullekha thA / kaniSTha vAcanA ke 3400, madhyama vAcanA ke 4200 aura utkRSTa vAcanA ke 4500 zlokoM kI saMkhyA likhI thii| vartamAna meM mahAnizItha kI jitanI bhI pratiyA~ prApta haiN| unakA zloka parimANa 4500 yA 4544 zloka prApta hotA hai| itihAsavettA paM0 muni zrIkalyANavijayajI gaNI kA mantavya hai ki mahAnizItha kA ullekha nandI va pAkSika sUtra meM hai para vartamAna meM upalabdha mahAnizIthasUtra eka bhedI kRti hai / prastuta kRti ke uddhAraka prasiddha AcArya haribhadrasUri mAne jAte haiM aura isa uddhRta sUtra kA siddhasena divAkara, vRddhavAdI, yakSasena, devagupta, yazovardhana kSamAzramaNa ke ziSya ravigupta, nemicandra, jinadAsagaNI kSapaka, satyazrI pramukha yugapradhAna zrutagharoM se samarthana karAyA hai jo sandehAspada hai kyoMki jina zrutadharoM dvArA ise pramANita karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve zrutadhara AcArya haribhadra ke samakAlIna nahIM the| vRddhavAdI aura siddhasena divAkara haribhadrasUri se 300 varSa pUrva hue haiM

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408 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ata: ve haribhadrasUri kI kRti kA samarthana kaise kara sakate haiN| yakSasena, ravigupta, devagupta ye aprasiddha nAma haiN| haribhadra ke samaya yA kucha paravartI kAla meM ukta nAma ke AcAryoM ke astitva kA itihAsa se samarthana nahIM hotaa| Ukezagaccha meM prati cauthe AcArya kA nAma devagupta sUri diyA jAtA thA parantu isa prakAra ke nAmoM ke nirdeza mAtra se kisI ke samaya kA nirNaya nahIM ho sktaa| nemicandra aura jinadAsagaNI kSapaka ke nAma bhI paraspara samasAmayika nahIM haiM / nemicandra kA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM par3atA hai, taba jinadAsagaNI kSapaka ko yadi nizItha kI vizeSa cUNi kA nirmAtA jinadAsagaNI mahattara mAna liyA jAya to inakA sattA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM par3egA jo saMgata ho sakatA hai parantu eka do kA samarthana mila jAne mAtra se mahAnizItha kA haribhadrasUri dvArA uddhAra honA pramANita nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki hamane haribhadra sUri ke lagabhaga 60 grantha par3he haiM kintu unameM mahAnizItha ke uddhAra kI bAta kA kahIM bhI nirdeza nahIM hai| ataH mahAnizIthasUtra dImaka se khaNDita kara diyA gayA aura AcArya haribhadra ne isako anyAnya zAstra pAThoM se vyavasthita kiyA aura siddhasena Adi ATha zrutadhara, yUgapradhAna AcAryoM ne ise pramANita ThaharAyA, Adi dantakathA satya nahIM hai|' munizrI ne apane nibandha meM Age likhA hai ki mahAnizItha ke upadhAna ke prasaMga meM paJcamaMgala mahAzrutaskandha ke uddezya tathA anujJA ke prasaMga meM dina, lagna zabda prayukta hue haiM jisase mahAnizItha ke nirmANa kA samaya kA patA lagatA hai| vartamAna meM jo mahAnizIthasUtra hai usakI racanA vikramIya nauvIM zatI yA usake pazcAt ke samaya ko sUcita karatI hai| vartamAna paddhati ke bhAratIya paMcAGga vikrama kI nauvIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM banane lage aura isa samaya ke bAda ke lekhoM, prazastiyoM meM 'lagna' 'vAra' 'dina' zabda prayukta hone lage the, pahale nhiiN| Aja kA mahAnizItha nandI sUtra nirdiSTa mahAnizItha nahIM hai| isameM saikar3oM aisI bAteM aura paribhASAe~ upalabdha haiM jo isa kRti ko vikrama kI nauvIM zatI se pahale kI pramANita nahIM hone detii| sAtha hI isa Agama meM aisI aneka bAteM haiM jisakA mela 1 prabandha pArijAta, pu071-72

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya **** aMga sAhitya se nahIM hotA, ataH yaha mahAnizItha eka svataMtra kRti hai, jisake kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai / ' mahAnizItha ke chaThe adhyayana meM dasa pUrvI nandISeNa kI kathA hai| daza pUrvadharoM kI gaNanA Agama vyavahAriyoM meM kI gaI hai| vaha nandISeNa zrAmaNya paryAya kA parityAga kara gaNikA ke caMgula meM kisa prakAra pha~sa sakatA hai ? yaha prazna vijJoM ke lie cintanIya hai / AvazyakacUrNi aura triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra meM jo nandISeNa kI kathA hai usakA mela mahAnizItha kI kathA se nahIM baiThatA hai / mahAnizItha ke tRtIya adhyayana meM varNana hai ki 'tIrthaMkara ke nirvANa ke pazcAt zoka se Akula-vyAkula hokara indra tIrthaMkara ke zarIra kA agni saMskAra karate haiM / kSIra samudra meM unakI asthiyoM ko prakSAlana kara svarga meM le jAte haiN| zreSTha candana rasa se usakA vilepana kara mandAra, pArijAta, zatapatra, sahasrapatra kamala puSpoM se unakA arcana kara deva punaH apane vimAna sthAnoM meM cale jAte haiM / ina asthi Adi kI arcanA aura svapna Adi kA savistRta varNana jo jinacaritAdhikAra antakRddazAMga meM diyA gayA hai vahA~ se jAnanA caahie| * nirvANa ke pazcAt tIrthaMkaroM kI dADheM indra le jAte haiM yaha varNana jambUdvIpaprajJapti va triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra Adi meM AyA hai 1 vahI, pR0 76 // 2 AvazyakacUrNa, pUrvAdhaM, patra 556 / 3 triSaSTi, 10 6 / 4 kAUNaM sogattA, suNNe dasa disi vahe paloyaMtA / jaha khIrasAgare jiNa varANa aTThI paravAliUNa ca // suraloe neUNaM, AlipiUNa pavaracaMdaNaraseNaM / mandara-pAriyAya sayavatta sahaspatehi // jaha ackaNa surA, niyaniyamavaNesu jaha va te dhuNaMti / taM savvaM mahayA vitthareNa arahaMtacariyAbhihANe aMtakaDadasANaM majjhAo kasiNaM vinneyaM / --mahAnizItha 3 / 56-57 5. taeNa se sakke devide devarAyA bhagavaoo tityagarassa uvarillaM dAhiNaM sakahaM geNhadda, IsA devide devarAyA uvarillaMvAmaM sakahaM geNhara, camare asuriMde asurarAyA hidvilaM dAhiNa sakahaM gevhara, ballI vairoANide vaireANirAyA hiTTilaMvAmaM sakahaM gehai / -jambU0 vakSaskAra 2, sUtra 33 6 triSaSTi0 parva 10, sarga 13

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410 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA para indra dvArA asthiyA~ le jAne kA varNana nahIM AyA hai| antakRddazAGga sUtra meM tIrthaMkaroM kA caritra nahIM hai vahA~ to mokSa prApta karane vAle muniyoM kA pavitra-caritra hai| samavAyAMga va nandI meM jahA~ para antakRtadazAMga kI viSaya sUcI dI gaI hai vahA~ para bhI tIrthakara caritra kI bAta nahIM hai ataH mahAnizItha kA prastuta kathana pramANabhUta nahIM hai| mahAnizItha ke paJcama adhyayana meM mahAvIra ke zAsana ke AcAryoM kI saMkhyA likhI hai ki pacapana karor3a lAkha, pacapana karor3a hajAra, pacapana sau karor3a aura pacapana karor3a AcArya hoNge| inameM se kitane hI guNAkIrNa aura nivRttigAmI hoNge| jo AcArya sarvottama hote haiM unhIM kI gaNanA tIrthaMkara ke pazcAt kI jAtI hai| AcAryoM kI jo saMkhyA dI gaI hai usakA mUla srota aGga aura aGga bAhya Agama jo mahAnizItha se pUrva racita haiM unameM prApta nahIM hotA hai| yaha ullekha sarvaprathama mahAnizItha meM hI milatA hai usake pazcAt race hue yugapradhAna stavoM meM prastuta saMkhyA milatI hai| isa prakAra mahAnizItha meM aisI aneka bAteM haiM jinakA samarthana pramANabhUta Agama sAhitya se nahIM hotA hai| 1 etthaM cAyariyANaM, paNapaNNaM hoti koddilkkhaao| . koDisahasse koDisaeya taha ettie caiva / / etesiM majhAo, ege nibbui guNagaNAinne / sabvuttAmabhaMgeNaM, titthayarassANusarisaguru / / --mahAnizISa 592

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jItakalpa zramaNa jIvana kA AdhAra vyavahAra hai| mumukSu sAdhakoM kI pravRtti aura nivRtti ko vyavahAra kahA gayA hai| azubha se nivRtta hokara zubha meM pravRtti karanA vyavahAra hai aura vahI cAritra bhI hai| sAdhaka kI pratyeka pravRtti aura nivatti meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jJAnayukta pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM hI upAdeya haiM aura jJAnarahita donoM hI heya haiN| jJAna kI mUlabhitti para hI cAritra kA bhavya prAsAda khar3A hotA hai| vyavahAra ke pAMca prakAra haiN| usameM pAMcaveM vyavahAra kA nAma jIta vyavahAra hai| 'jo vyavahAra paramparA se prApta ho evaM zreSTha puruSoM dvArA anumata ho vaha jIta vyavahAra kahalAtA hai| prastuta Agama meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke bhinna-bhinna aparAdhasthAna viSayaka prAyazcitta kA jIta vyavahAra ke AdhAra para nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| jItakalpa ke racayitA suprasiddha bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa haiN| isameM 103 gAthAe~ haiN| kalpakAra ne prathama pravacana ko namaskAra kiyA hai| AtmA kI vizuddhi ke lie jIta vyavahAragata prAyazcitta dAna kA saMkSipta nirUpaNa hai| . saMvara aura nirjarA se mokSa hotA hai| tapa saMvara aura nirjarA kA mukhya hetu hai| tapa meM prAyazcitta pradhAna hai| etadartha prAyazcitta kA mokSa-mArga kI dRSTi se atyadhika mahatva hai| prAyazcitta do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai| prAyaH kA artha hai pApa aura citta kA artha hai usa pApa kA vizodhana karanA / arthAt pApa ko zuddha karane kI kriyA kA nAma prAyazcitta hai| prAyazcitta aura daNDa meM yaha antara hai ki pramAdavaza anucita kArya karane para mana meM pazcAtApa honA aura usakI zuddhi ke lie guruvarya ke samakSa svayaM ke doSa ko prakaTa karanA, usakI zuddhi ke lie prArthanA karanA 1 / jItakalpamAdhya, gA0675

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412 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aura guruvarya jo zuddhi batAyeM usake anusAra tapa Adi kA AcaraNa karanA prAyazcitta hai| rAjanIti meM aparAdhI ko daNDa diyA jAtA hai| pahale to vaha aparAdha ko svIkAra hI nahIM karatA aura paristhitivaza svIkAra bhI kara le to usake mana meM usake prati pazcAtApa aura glAni nahIM hotii| yadi use daNDa prApta bhI ho jAtA hai to vaha usakA prasannatApUrvaka pAlana nahIM krtaa| prAyazcitta meM hRdaya parivartana hotA hai / aparAdha kI gurutA va laghutA ko lakSya meM rakhakara prAyazcitta ke bheda kiye gaye haiN| ve dasa haiM-AlocanAha, pratikramaNAha, tadubhayAha, vivekAha, vyutsarhi, tapArha, chedAha, mUlAha, anavasthApyAha, paaraanycikaah| AlocanA dasa prAyazcittoM meM pahalA prAyazcitta AlocanA hai| yahA~ para dUsaroM kI nuktAcInI karanA, TIkA-TippaNI karanA iSTa nahIM hai| yahA~ AlocanA kA artha hai-saMyama meM jo doSa laga gayA ho, usako gurujanoM ke samakSa niSkapaTa mana se prakaTa kara denA ki gurudeva mujhase yaha doSa ho gayA hai| isa prakAra prakaTa rUpa se doSa ko svIkAra karanA AlocanA hai|' AlocanA Atma-nindA hai, svayaM ke doSoM ko prakaTa karanA hai| paranindA sarala hai parantu svayaM ke doSoM kI nindA karanA kaThina hai| jaise bAlaka ucita yA anucita jo bhI kArya kara letA hai vaha sarala hRdaya se mAtA-pitA se kaha detA hai, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA durAva-chipAva nahIM hotA vaise hI ziSya ko guru ke samakSa apane doSa prakaTa kara dene caahie| jaba taka kRta pApoM kI AlocanA nahIM kI jAtI taba taka hRdaya zalya-mukta nahIM hotaa| binA AlocanA kiye yadi mRtyu ho jAtI hai to sAdhaka virAdhaka ho jAtA hai| doSa laga jAnA utanA burA nahIM hai jitanA burA hai doSa ko doSa na samajhanA aura use chapAne kA prayAsa karanA / alocanA se jIvana meM ullAsa AtA hai, mana meM halakApana kA anubhava hotA hai aura hRdaya meM nirmalatA AtI hai| 1 A-abhividhinA sakaladoSANAM, locanA-gurupurataH prakAzanA aalocnaa| --bhagavatI 257 TIkA

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 413 AlocanA vahI karatA hai jo jAtisampanna, kulasampanna, vinayasampanna, jJAnasampanna, darzanasampanna, cAritrasampanna, kSAnta, dAnta, amAyI, apazcAtApI (bAda meM pazcAtApa na karane vAlA) ho / jaise kuzala vaidya apanI bImArI dUsare vaidya se kahatA hai, usase cikitsA karavAtA hai, usake anusAra kArya karatA hai vaise hI nipuNa sAdhaka ko bhI pApa kI vizuddhi dUsaroM kI sAkSI se karanI caahie| AlocanA bahuzruta gaMbhIra zramaNa ke samakSa karanI cAhie / AlocanA jinake samakSa kI jAya vaha AcAravAna ho, AdhAravAna - avadhAraNAyukta ho, vyavahAravAna -- pAMcoM vyavahAroM kA jJAtA ho / apravIDaka - madhuravacanoM se aparAdhI kI lajjA dUra kara usase sahI AlocanA karAye / prakurvaka -- aparAdhI apane doSoM kA prAyazcitta mA~gatA ho usa samaya use avilamba prAyazcitta dekara zuddha kre| aparisrAvI - AlocanA karane vAle ke doSoM ko dUsare ke samakSa prakaTa karane vAlA na ho| niryApaka yadi kisI ne mahAna doSa kA sevana kiyA ho kintu usakA zarIra azakta va rugNa hai to thor3A-thor3A prAyazcitta dekara usakI zuddhi karAye / apAyadarzI - doSa kA sevana karake bhI yadi vaha AlocanA karane meM saMkoca kA anubhava karatA hai to usakA duSpariNAma samajhAkara AlocanA karAye / AlocanA kA jaina sAhitya meM gaharAI se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| chadmastha ko AhArAdigrahaNa, bahirnirgama, malotsarga Adi kriyAoM meM aneka doSa lagate haiM unakI AlocanA karanA / 1 pratikramaNa AlocanA ke pazcAt dUsarA prAyazcitta, pratikramaNa hai| pratikramaNa jaina sAdhanA kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| jIvana meM jo pApa svayaM karate haiM, dUsaroM se karavAte haiM aura dUsaroM ke dvArA kiye gaye pApoM kA anumodana karate haiM una sabhI pApoM kI nivRtti ke lie antaHkaraNa se jo pazcAtApa kiyA jAtA hai vaha pratikramaNa hai zubha yoga se AtmA jo azubha yoga meM gaI hai use punaH zubha yoga meM lauTA lAnA pratikramaNa hai| ekAnta zAnta kSaNoM meM baiThakara prAtaH va saMdhyA ke samaya sAdhaka antarnirIkSaNa karatA hai aura jina doSoM se AtmA dUSita hotI hai unheM na karane kA vaha dRr3hatA se saMkalpa karatA hai| isa prakAra prati jItakalpa gA0 5-8 1

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414 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kramaNa meM purAne doSoM kI nivRtti hotI hai aura saMkalpa se bhaviSya meM pApa na karane kI zakti paidA hotI hai| samiti-gupti meM pramAda-AzAtanA, vinayabhaMga, guru kI AjJA kA apAlana, mRSAdi kA prayoga, vidhirahita kAsa-jammA kSutabAta kA nivAraNa, asaMkliSTa karma, kandarpa, hAsya, vikathA, kaSAya, viSayAnuSaMga, skhalanA prabhRti pratikramaNa ke prAyazcitta yogya sthAna hai| tadubhayAha prAyazcitta kA tRtIya bheda tadubhayAha hai| isameM AlocanA aura pratikramaNa donoM ke dvArA zuddhi kI jAtI hai| saMbhrama, bhaya, Apat, sahasA, anAbhoga, anAtmavazatA, duzcintana, durbhASaNa, duzceSTA, prabhRti aneka aparAdha ubhaya prAyazcitta ke sthAna haiN|' vivekAha prAyazcitta kA caturtha bheda vivekAha hai| viveka kA yahA~ para artha tyAga athavA chor3anA hai / kisI vastu kA tyAga kara dene se hI jisa doSa kI vizuddhi hotI hai vaha vivekAha prAyazcitta hai| jaise kAlAtIta, kSetrAtIta, AdhAkarma doSa se yukta AhAra, upadhi, zayyA Adi ke grahaNa karane se lagane vAle doSa ke nivAraNa hetu vivekAha prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| vyutsAha prAyazcitta kA pAMcavA~ bheda vyutsarhi hai| vyutsarga meM do zabda-vi+ utsarga haiN| vi kA artha viziSTa hai aura utsarga kA artha tyAga hai| tyAga karane kI viziSTa vidhi vyutsarga hai| vyUtsarga meM anAsakti, nirbhayatA aura jIvana kI lAlasA kA tyAga hotA hai / dharma ke lie, Atma-sAdhanA ke lie apane Apako utsarga karane kI vidhi vyutsarga hai| vyutsarga meM zarIra anya hai aura AtmA anya hai-yaha buddhi hotI hai| vyutsarga yA kAyotsarga ye donoM paryAyavAcI haiM / vyutsarga se doSoM kI vizuddhi hotI hai| dharmArAdhana karate samaya pramAda ke kAraNa cAritra meM doSa laga jAtA hai, usameM malinatA A jAtI hai-usa malinatA ko dUra kara punaH cAritra ko nirmala banAnA kAyotsarga hai| gamana, Agamana, vihAra, zruta, sAvadyasvapna, naukA, nadI Adi se sambandhita doSa kAyotsarga ke yogya sthAna hai| 1 vahI, gA06-12 2 vahI, mA013-15

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 415 kAyotsarga kA kAlamAna zvAsocchvAsa se kiyA jAtA thaa| kAyotsarga kA ucchvAsa mAna isa prakAra haidevasika 100 rAtrikapAkSika 300 cAturmAsika- 500 sAmvatsarika- 1008 anya aneka prayojanoM meM ATha, solaha, paccIsa, sattAIsa, eka sau ATha ucchravAsamAna kAyotsarga kA vidhAna prApta hotA hai| ucchvAsa kA kAlamAna eka caraNa ke samAna mAnA gayA hai| tapArha prAyazcitta kA chaThA bheda tapAI hai| tapa sAdhanA kA prANa hai| jisa sAdhanA-ArAdhanA se pApakarma tapta kiye jAte haiM vaha tapa hai / tapa kA vizleSaNa karate hue jJAnAticAra Adi para prakAza DAlA hai aura vibhinna prakAra ke aparAdhoM kI zuddhi ke lie ekAzana, upavAsa, SaSThabhakta, aSTamabhakta, AyaMbila Adi tapa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se tapa para cintana karate hue gItArtha, agItArtha, sahanazIla, asahanazIla, zaTha, azaTha, pariNAmI, apariNAmI, atipariNAmI, dhati-dehasampanna, dhRti-dehahIna, Atmatara, paratara, ubhayatara, nobhayatara, anyatara, kalpasthita, akalpasthita Adi vyaktiyoM kI dRSTi se tapa para prakAza DAlA hai| chedAha prAyazcitta kA sAtavA~ bheda chedAha hai| cheda kA artha kATanA, yA kama karanA hai| jisa doSa kI vizuddhi ke lie dIkSA paryAya kA chedana kiyA jAtA hai vaha chedAha prAyazcitta kahalAtA hai| isameM doSa kI gurutA aura laghutA kI dRSTi se mAsika, cAturmAsika, SaNmAsika Adi aneka bheda kiye 1 (ka) jItakalpa, gA0 16.22-23 (kha) Avazyakaniyukti 1544 2 Avazyakaniyukti 1548-1552 3 pAyasamAUsAsA, kAlapamANeNa heti nAyabvA / --vyavahArabhASya 122

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416 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA haiN| yaha prAyazcitta mAnava ke ahaMkAra para sIdhI coTa karatA hai| yaha prAyazcitta dene para dIkSA meM choTe sAdhu bhI bar3e bana jAte haiN| jo tapa ke garva se unmatta haiM yA jo tapa ke lie sarvathA asamartha haiM athavA jinakI tapa para kiJcit bhI zraddhA nahIM hai, yA jinakA tapa se damana karanA kaThina hai unake lie cheda kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|" mUlAI prAyazcitta kA AThavAM prakAra mUlAI hai| mUlAI kA artha naI dIkSA hai / chadmastha zramaNa yA zramaNI kabhI-kabhI itane mahAn aparAdha kA sevana kara letA hai jisakI zuddhi AlocanA va tapa se saMbhava nahIM hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya, parigraha Adi se mahAvratoM ke bhaMga se vaha cAritra se sarvathA bhraSTa ho jAtA hai / usa doSa kI vizuddhi ke lie cAritra paryAya kA sarvathA cheda kara naI dIkSA denI par3atI hai| mahAvratoM kA phira se AropaNa karanA par3atA hai / etadartha ise mUlAI prAyazcitta kahA hai / anavasthApyArha prAyazcitta kA nauvIM prakAra anavasthApyArha hai| jisa mahAnatama doSa kI zuddhi ke lie anavApita honA par3atA hai arthAt zramaNa saMgha se pRthak hokara gRhastha kA veza dhAraNa kiyA jAya aura sAtha hI vizeSa tapa kI ArAdhanA kI jaay| isa prakAra donoM AcaraNoM ke pazcAt punaH naI dIkSA grahaNa karanI hotI hai - isa vidhi se jo prAyazcitta diyA jAtA hai vaha anavasthApyAha prAyazcitta kahA jAtA hai| tIvra krodha Adi se praruSTa citta vAle nirapekSa ghorapariNAmI zramaNa ke lie prastuta prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai / 3 pArAJcikArha dasavAM prAyazcitta pArAJcikArha prAyazcitta hai| zramaNa jIvana meM sabase gurutara mahAdoSa ke lie prastuta prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| isa prAyazcitta meM veSa aura kSetra kA parityAga kara utkRSTa tapa kI sAdhanA karanI hotI hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM pArAJcika prAyazcitta ke pA~ca kAraNa batAye haiN| ve ye haiM jIta0 gA0 80-82 2 vahI, gA0 83-85 3 vahI, gA0 87-13 4 sthAnAMga 5 / 1 1

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 417 (1) gaNa meM phUTa DAlanA / (2) phUTa DAlane kI yojanA banAnA, usake lie sadA prayAsa karanA / (3) zramaNa Adi ko mArane kI bhAvanA rakhanA / (4) mArane kI yojanA banAnA / (5) punaH punaH asaMyama ke sthAna rUpa sAvadya anuSThAna kI anveSaNA karate rahanA arthAt aMguSTha, kuDya prabhRti praznoM kA prayoga karanA / ina praznoM se dIvAra yA aMgUThe meM devatA ko bulAyA jAtA hai| inake atirikta zramaNI yA mahArAnI kA zIla bhaMga karane para bhI yaha prAyazcitta diyA jAtA thaa| tIrthaMkara, pravacana, zruta, AcArya, gaNadhara Adi kI abhinivezavaza bAra-bAra AzAtanA karane vAle ko bhI yaha prAyacitta diyA jAtA thaa| isI taraha kaSAya duSTa, viSayaduSTa, styAnaddhinidrApramatta evaM anyonyakArI pAzaMcika prAyazcitta ke adhikArI haiM / " uparyukta dasa prAyazcittoM meM se antima do prAyazcitta-anavasthApya aura pAraMcika -- ye caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu svAmI taka rhe| usake pazcAt lupta ho gaye / 1 jItakalpa 64-66 AcArya abhayadeva ke abhimatAnusAra dasavA~ prAyazcitta vizeSa parAkrama vAle AcArya ko diyA jAtA thA, upAdhyAya ko haveM prAyazcitta taka aura sAmAnya zramaNa ke lie AThaveM prAyazcitta taka kA vidhAna hai| vartamAna meM adhika se adhika AThavAM prAyazcitta diyA jA sakatA hai| vijJoM kA aisA abhimata hai ki yatijItakalpa aura zrAddhajItakalpa bhI jItakalpa ke antargata hI gine jA sakate haiN| yatijItakalpa meM zramaNAcAra kA nirUpaNa hai, isake racayitA somaprabha sUri haiM aura sAghuratna ne isa para vRtti likhI hai| zrAddhajItakalpa meM zrAvakAcAra kA vizleSaNa hai| isake racayitA dharmaghoSa haiM aura somatilaka ne isa para vRtti bhI likhI hai / 0

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oghaniyukti ogha kA artha sAmAnya yA sAdhAraNa hai| isameM binA vistAra kiye kevala sAmAnya kathana kiyA gayA hai ata: isakA nAma oghaniyukti hai| isameM sAmAnya sAmAcArI kA varNana hai| piNDaniyukti kI bhAMti isameM bhI zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA pratipAdana hone se ise kahIM para niyukti ke sthAna para mUlasUtra mAnA hai aura kahIM para ise chedasUtroM ke antargata ginA hai| isa niyukti ke racayitA bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| vijJoM kA aisA mata hai ki yaha Avazyakaniyukti kA hI eka aMza hai| isameM udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isameM 11 gAthAe~ haiN| piNDaniyukti kI bhAMti isameM bhI bhASya aura niyukti kI gAthAe~ paraspara mila gaI haiN| droNAcArya ne isa para cUNi kI bhAMti prAkRta pradhAna TIkA likhI hai| AcArya malayagiri ne isa para vRtti likhI hai / bRhadbhASya va avacUri bhI prApta hotI hai| prastuta grantha meM pratilekhanAdvAra, piNDadvAra, upadhinirUpaNa, anAyatanavarjana, pratisevanAdvAra, AlocanAdvAra aura vizuddhidvAra kA nirUpaNa huA hai| pratilekhanA sthAna Adi kA samyak prakAra nirIkSaNa karanA pratilekhanA kahalAtI hai| pratilekhanA ke (1) aziva, (2) dubhikSa, (3) rAjabhaya, (4) kSobha, (5) anazana, (6) mArgabhraSTa, (7) manda, (8) atizayayukta, (9) devatA, (10) AcArya ye dasa dvAra haiN| zramaNa aziva ke samaya dezAntara meM gamana kara jAte the, ve azivopadrava se trasita kuloM se bhikSA grahaNa nahIM karate the| durbhikSa kI vikaTa saMkaTa kI sthiti upasthita hone para gaNabheda karake rugNa zramaNa ko apane sAtha rakhanA cAhie, aisA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| kinhIM kAraNoM se yadi rAjA zramaNa para kupita hojAye aura vaha zramaNa kA azana-pAna yA upakaraNa apaharaNa karane ke lie prastuta ho to aisI paristhiti meM zramaNa gaccha ke sAtha rhe| yadi rAjA usakA jIvana aura cAritra hI naSTa karanA cAhatA hai to vaha gaNa kA parityAga kara ekAkI vicaraNa kre| kisI nagara

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 416 meM Akasmika upasarga yA kaSTa upasthita hone para zramaNa ekAkI vihAra kare / anazana karane ke lie yadi anya saMghADe kA abhAva hai to bhI ekAkI gamana kare / rugNa hone para anya santa ke abhAva meM auSadhi Adi lAne ke lie ekAkI gamana kre| devatA kA upasarga hone para ekAkI vihAra kara sakatA hai| AcArya kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara ekAnta meM vihAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| bihAra vidhi kA nirUpaNa karate hue batAyA hai ki zramaNa ko mArga pUchanA cAhie / mArga meM pRthvIkAya Adi ho to pramArjana karanA / mArga meM yadi nadI A jAye to use pAra karane kI vidhi batAI hai| bhayaMkara jaMgala ko pAra karate samaya yadi Aga laga gaI hai to pA~voM meM carma yA pAdatrANa Adi ko dhAraNa kara mArga ko pAra kre| teja vAyu kA prakopa hone para kambala Adi se zarIra ko Dhakakara vihAra kre| isI prakAra vanaspati va trasadvAra kA varNana hai / saMyama sAdhanA ke lie AtmarakSA Avazyaka hai| yaha satya tathya hai ki sarvatra saMyama kI rakSA karanI cAhie kintu Atma-rakSA ke binA saMyama - pAlana saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki jIvita rahane para saMyama se bhraSTa hone para bhI tapa Adi ke dvArA una doSoM kI vizuddhi kI jA sakatI hai anta meM pariNAmoM kI vizuddhatA hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| saMyama ke lie deha dhAraNa kI jAtI hai, deha ke abhAva meM saMyama kA pAlana kahA~ se ho sakatA hai, isalie saMyama kI vRddhi ke lie deha kA pAlana karanA ucita hai| IryApatha Adi jitanI bhI halana calana kI kriyAe~ haiM ve avivekI zramaNa ke lie karmabaMdhana kA kAraNa haiM aura vivekI zramaNa ke lie mokSa meM sahAyaka hotI hai| yadi koI zramaNa rugNa hai to tIna, pA~ca yA sAta zramaNa nirmala vastra dhAraNa kara zubha zakuna ko dekhakara vaidya ke pAsa jaayeN| yadi usa samaya vaidya kisI ke phor3e kA oNparezana kara rahA ho, to usa samaya usase bAta na kareM, 1 savvattha saMjamaM saMjabhAu appANameva rakkhijjA / muccadda aivAyAo puNo visohI na yAviraI // 2 saMyamahejaM deho dhArijjai so kabhI u tadabhAve ? saMyamaphAinimittaM dehaparipAlanA iTThA // 3 vahI, gA0 54 --- odhaniyukti, gA0 46 vahI, gA0 47

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420 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vaha usase nivRtta hokara pavitra sthAna meM baiThA ho taba rogI zramaNa kI sthiti use sunAyeM aura vaha jo upacAravidhi kahe use dhyAnapUrvaka zravaNa kreN| yadi vaidya rugNa zramaNa ko dekhane ke lie Aye to rogI zramaNa ke sannikaTa kA vAtAvaraNa pUrNa svaccha rkheN| glAna zramaNa kI paricaryA kreN|2 zramaNa bhikSA ke lie jAye usa samaya upasthita hone vAlI bAdhAe~, bhikSA ke doSa, zramaNa kI parIkSA, sthAna vidhi, gaNa kI AjJA lekara jAnA, para prastuta kArya ke lie bAla, vRddha, rugNa zramaNa ko nahIM preSita karanA caahie| jisa vasati ko pasanda kiyA jAye vahA~ para uccAra-prasravaNabhUmi, pAnI kA sthala, vizrAmasthala, bhikSAsthala prati mArgoM ko bhalI-bhAMti dekhanA caahie| kisa dizA vizeSa meM makAna Adi rahane se zubha hotA hai aura kisa meM rahane se azubha hotA hai Adi viSayoM para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM jAnA ho to zayyAtara kI anumati lenI caahie| vaha zayyAtara ko kahe ki aba ikSu bAr3a ko lAMgha cuke haiN| tumbI ke phala A cuke haiN| bailoM meM bhI bala kA saMcAra ho cukA hai| kIcar3a bhI sUkha gayA hai, jala kama ho gayA hai ata: zramaNoM ke vihAra kA samaya A cukA hai| zayyAtara-Apa itanI zIghratA kyoM kara rahe haiM ? AcArya-kyA tumheM jJAta nahIM ki zramaNa, pakSI, bhramara, gAya aura zaratkAlIna megha eka sthAna para nahIM rhte| ataH hama loga kala yahA~ se prasthAna kreNge| prasthAna ke pUrva ve zayyAtara ke parivAra ko dharmopadeza pradAna karate haiN| vihAra karate samaya zubha zakuna dekhanA cAhie, azubha zakuna meM gamana 1 odhaniyukti, gA070 2 vahIM, gA0 71-83 3 ucchU voliMti vaI, tuMbIo jAyaputtabhaMDA ya / vasamA jAyatthAmA gAmA pabvAyacikkhallA // appodagA ya magmA vasuhA vi pakkamahimA jAyA / aNNakkaMtA paMthA sAhUNaM vihariu kAlo // 170-1 // 4 samaNANaM sauNANaM mamarakulANaM ca goulANaM ca / aniyAo vasahIo sAraiyANaM ca mehANaM // 172 / / 5 vahI, 170-5

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 421 karanA yogya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| zubha aura azubha zakunoM kI sUcI bhI dI gaI hai| zramaNa kina-kina upakaraNoM ko lekara vihAra kare ? kisa samaya gamana kare, kahA~ para Thahare ? rAtri gamana aura ekAkI gamana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / gaccha ke vihAra kI vidhi-jo mArga jJAtA zramaNa ho use sAtha meM rakhe / sthAna para pahu~cane ke uparAnta usake pramArjana kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vikAla meM praveza karane para vana-pazu, taskara, kutte, baila, vezyA Adi kA bhaya rahatA hai| uccAra, prasravaNa aura vamana ko rokane se jo hAni hotI hai usa para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vasati meM praveza karane ke pazcAta saMthArA lagAne kI vidhi, taskarAdi kA bhaya ho to kaise rahanA caahie| AcArya se kahakara bhikSA ke lie jaaye| yadi koI zramaNa binA kahe hI calA gayA ho to, aura samaya para punaH na AyA ho to usakI cAroM dizAoM meM anveSaNA kre| yadi taskara uThAkara le jAya~ to usa samaya kyA karanA cAhie-ina bAtoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| uttara aura pUrva dizA kI ora pITha karake mala-mUtra kA tyAga nahIM karanA cAhie aura na pavana, gAMva va sUrya kI ora pITha karake hI mala-mUtra kA tyAga kre| piNDa dvitIya piNDeSaNAdvAra meM gaveSaNA, grahaNaiSaNA, grAsaiSaNA se vizuddha piNDa ko zramaNa grahaNa kre| dravyapiNDa ke sacitta, acitta aura mizra ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| sacitta aura mizra ke , bheda kiye haiM va acitta ke dasa bheda kiye haiN| vastra prakSAlana kaba va kisa samaya karanA caahie| rugNa zramaNoM ke vastra puna:-puna: dhoye, yadi na dhoye jAyeMge to jana-mana meM jugupsA hogii| pAtra lepa kA vidhAna, na karane meM doSa, lepa kI vidhi, lepa ke prakAra Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yadi caturtha mahAvrata ke khaNDita hone kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAye to zramaNa prANoM ko nyauchAvara karade para vratabhaMga na kre| grahaNaSaNA meM Atma-virAdhanA, saMyama-virAdhanA, aura pravacana-virAdhanA nAmaka doSoM kA varNana hai| piNDaniyukti meM jina bAtoM para prakAza 1 vahI, bhASya 82-65

Page #451
422 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA DAlA gayA hai unhIM kA prakArAntara se yahA~ varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhikSA kI acchI taraha se pratilekhanA karanI caahie| gurujanoM ko bhikSA dikhAkara jahA~ se bhikSA lAyA ho usakI AlocanA karanI caahie| grAsaiSaNA kA varNana karate hue batAyA hai ki guru ke samIpa baiThakara prakAzayukta sthAna meM bhojana kre| yadi bhikSA sadoSa AgaI ho to usake paristhApana kI vidhi bhI batAI gaI hai| upadhidvAra meM jinakalpika zramaNoM ke (1) pAtra, (2) pAtrabaMdha, (3) pAtra-sthApana, (4) pAtrakesarikA, (5) paTala, (6) rajastrANa, (7) gocchaka, (8-10) tIna pracchAdana (vastra), (11) rajoharaNa, (12) mukhavastrikA-ye bAraha upakaraNa haiN| ina 12 upakaraNoM meM mAtraka aura colapaTaka milA dene se sthavirakalpikoM ke caudaha upakaraNa hote haiN| zramaNiyoM ke paccIsa upakaraNoM kA varNana hai| bAraha upakaraNoM ke atirikta teraha upakaraNa unake vizeSa hote haiN| pAtra ke lakSaNa, grahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA, daNDa, yaSTicarma, cilimilI Adi kI AvazyakatA para bhI grahaNa karane ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA hai| lAThiyoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA ullekha karate hue eka, tIna va sAta porIvAlI lAThI zubha mAnI hai| upadhi ko dhAraNa karane meM yadi parigrahavRtti A jAtI hai to vaha upadhi upAdhirUpa ho jAtI hai| jahA~ para pramattabhAva AtA hai vahA~ hiMsA hai aura jahA~ para apramattabhAva hai vahA~ para ahiMsA hai| isake pazcAt anAyatana-varjana dvAra hai| jahA~ para jJAna, darzana aura pattaM pattAbaMdho pAyaDhavaNaM ca pAyakesariyA / paDalAiM rayattANaM ca gucchao paaynijjgo|| tinneva ya pacchAgA rayaharaNaM ceva hoi muhpttii| eso duvAlasaviho uvahI jiNakappiyANaM // ee ceva duvAlasa mattaga airegacolapaTTo ya / eso cauddasaviho uvahI puNa therakappammi / -~-odhaniyukti, gA0 668-670 2 vahI, gA0 731-738 3 vahI, gA0 750-753

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 423 cAritra kA upaghAta hotA hai usa anAyatana sthAna ko pApabhIru zramaNa parityAga karade / anAyatanadvAra ke bAda pratisevanAdvAra hai| mUlaguNa pratisevanA aura uttaraguNa pratisevanA ke bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| mUlaguNa pratisevanA ke paMcamahAvrata aura chaThA rAtri-bhojana ye chaha sthAna haiM aura uttaraguNa pratisevanA ke udgama, utpAdanA, eSaNA ye tIna sthAna haiN| pratisevanA, mailaNA, bhaGga, virAdhanA, skhalanA, upaghAta, azuddhi, sabalIkaraNa ye sabhI paryAyavAcI haiN| AlocanA ke bhI mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa ye do bheda haiN| mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa AlocanA bhI catuSkarNa vAlI hotI hai-AlocanA karane vAle ke do karNa aura AlocanA sunane vAle ke do krnn| AlocanA ke vikaTanA, zuddhi, sadbhAvadalanA, nindanA, garahaNA, viuTTaNa zalyuddharaNA-ye ekArthaka nAma batAye haiN| AlocanA bAlaka ke samAna sarala hokara karanI caahie| jo sarala hokara AlocanA karatA hai usI kI vizuddhi hotI hai| vizuddhi dvAra meM isI para cintana kiyA gayA hai| zalyarahita hokara jo guru ke samakSa AlocanA karatA hai vaha ArAdhaka hokara mukti kA varaNa karatA hai / 1 NANassa daMsaNassa ya caraNassa ya jattha hoi uvdhaato| bajjejja'vajjabhIrU aNAyayaNa vajjao khippaM / / -odhaniyukti, gA0778

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piNDaniryukti piNDa zabda 'piDi saMghAte' dhAtu se banA hai / anvayArtha kI dRSTi se sajAtIya yA vijAtIya Thosa vastuoM ke ekatrita hone ko piNDa kahA jAtA hai / sAmayika dRSTi se tarala vastu ko piNDa kahA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM pAnI kI eSaNA ke artha meM piNDeSaNA zabda kA prayoga huA hai / " piNDaniryukti meM azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya ina sabhI ke lie piNDa zabda vyavahRta huA hai / " zramaNa ke grahaNa karane yogya AhAra ko piNDa kahA gayA hai / prastuta grantha meM usakA vivecana hai| udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA, saMyojanA, pramANa, aMgAra, dhUma aura kAraNa - isameM ye ATha adhikAra haiN| isameM 671 gAthAeM haiN| niryukti aura bhASya kI gAthAe~ paraspara mila cukI haiN| jinakA pRthakkaraNa karanA kaThina ho gayA hai| prastuta niyukti ke racayitA bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| dazavaikAlikasUtra ke pA~caveM adhyayana kA nAma piNDeSaNA hai / prastuta adhyayana para bhadrabAhu ne jo niyukti likhI vaha bahuta hI vistRta ho jAne se use AcAryoM ne pRthaka Agama ke rUpa meM mAnyatA de dii| isa para AcArya malayagiri ne bRhadvRtti aura vIrAcArya ne laghuvRtti kA nirmANa kiyA hai / piNDa ke nau prakAra haiM- pRthvIkAya, aSkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, aura paMcendriya / ina nau ke inameM sIpI, zaMkha va sarpadaMza vanaspatikAya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya sacitta, acitta aura mizra bheda kiye gaye haiN| ke jahara ko zamana karane ke lie dImakoM ke gRha kI miTTI, vamana kI upazAnti hetu makkhI kI viSTA, TUTI huI haDDI ko jor3ane ke lie carma, asthi, dA~ta, nakha; pathabhraSTa zramaNa ko bulAne ke lie sIMga aura kuSTha Adi rogoM ke nivAraNArthaM gomUtra Adi kA upayoga zramaNa ke lie vihita batAyA hai| 1 AcArAMga uddezaka 7 2 piNDaniyukti, gA0 6

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 425 bhASA udgama boSa / gRhastha ke dvArA lagane vAle doSa udgama kahalAte haiM / ye AhAra kI utpatti ke doSa haiM / unake solaha prakAra haiM : (1) AdhAkarma-sAdhu kA uddezya rakha kara bnaanaa| (2) auddezika-sAmAnya yAcakoM kA uddezya rakha kara banAnA yA nirgrantha ko dAna dene ke uddezya se bnaanaa| aisI vastu yA AhAra zramaNa ke lie agrAhya hotA hai / ataH zramaNa dAtA se kahatA hai ki isa prakAra kA AhAra mujhe nahIM klptaa|' dazavekAlika, praznavyAkaraNa, sUtrakRtAGga, uttarAdhyayana' Adi Agama sAhitya meM bhI auddezika grahaNa kA varNana kiyA hai| jo bhikSu auddezika AhAra kI gaveSaNA karatA hai vaha uddiSTa-AhAra banAne meM hone vAlI trasa-sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai| vinayapiTaka ke anusAra bauddha bhikSu apane uddezya se banAye hue AhAra kA upayoga karate the aura ve apane lie banavA bhI lete the| (3) pUti karma-zuddha AhAra ko AdhAkarmAdi se mizrita krnaa| jisa prakAra azuci-gaMdha ke paramANu vAtAvaraNa ko viSAkta banA dete haiM usI prakAra AdhAkarma-AhAra kA kiJcit aMza bhI zuddha AhAra meM milakara use sadoSa banA detA hai| jisa ghara meM AdhAkarma AhAra banatA hai vaha tIna dina taka pUtidoSa yukta hotA hai ataH zramaNa usa ghara se cAra dina taka bhikSA nahIM le sktaa| (4) mizrajAta-apane lie va zramaNa ke lie eka sAtha bnaanaa| isake yAvadAthika-mizra, pAkhaNDi-mizra aura sAdhu-mizra ye tIna prakAra haiN| bhikSAcara aura kuTumba ke lie eka sAtha pakAyA jAne vAlA 1 dazavakAlika 51147-54 2 dazavakAlika 51155, 6 / 45-46, 8-23, 10.4. 3 praznavyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra 125 4 sUtra01914 5 uttarA0 20147 6 dshv06|48 7 vinayapiTaka mahAvagga 6 / 4 / 3, pR0234 8 piNDaniyukti, pR0 268

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426 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bhojana yAvadAthika-mizra hai| pAkhaNDI aura apane lie eka sAtha pakAyA jAne vAlA bhojana pAkhaNDi-mizra hai| jo bhojana kevala sAdhu aura apane lie eka sAtha pakAyA jAya vaha sAdhu-mizra hai|' (5) sthApana-zramaNa ke lie dugdha Adi pRthak kara rakha denaa| (6) prAbhRtikA-zramaNa ko sannikaTa ke grAma Adi meM AyA huA jAnakara zramaNa ko viziSTa AhAra dene kI icchA se jImaNavAra Adi ke dina Age-pIche kara denaa| (7) prAduSkaraNa-aMdhakArayukta sthAna meM dIpaka Adi kA prakAza karake bhojana denaa| (8) krIta--sAdhu ke lie kharIda kara laanaa| () prAmitya-sAdhu ke lie udhAra laanaa| (10) parivartita-zramaNa ke lie parivartana karake laanaa| (11) abhihata-zramaNa ke lie dUra se lAkara denaa| (12) udbhinna-zramaNa ke lie lipta-pAtra kA mukha khola kara ghRta Adi denaa| udbhinna-pihita-udbhinna aura kapATa-udbhinna rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| capar3I Adi se banda pAtra kA muMha kholanA 'pihita-udbhinna' hai| banda kivAr3a kA kholanA 'kapATa udbhinna hai| pidhAna sacitta aura acitta donoM kA ho sakatA hai| use zramaNa ke lie kholane aura banda karane meM hiMsA kI sambhAvanA hai| ata: pihitaudbhinna bhikSA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| kivAr3a kholane se bhI aneka jIvoM ke vadha kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai ataH kapATaudbhinna bhikSA kA bhI niSedha hai| (13) mAlApahRta-Upara kI maMjila se yA chIMke Adi se utAra kara denaa| mAlApahRta ke tIna prakAra haiM-(1) Urdhva mAlApahRta-Upara se utArA huaa| (2) adhomAlApahRta-bhUmigRha se lAyA huaa| tiryagmAlApahRta-UMDe bartana yA koThe Adi meM se jhukakara nikAlA huaa| 1 sthAnAMgasUtra 55200 abhayadevavRtti 2 samaNAti vaNIyagA 3 sthAnAMgasUtra, abhayadevavRtti 2200 -bazava0 agastyasiMhacUrNi, pR0 113

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 427 (14) Acchedya-durbala se chIna kara denaa| (15) anisRSTa-sAjhe kI vastu dUsaroM kI binA AjJA denaa| (16) adhyavapUraka - sAdhu ko gAMva meM AyA jAna kara apane lie banAye hue bhojana meM aura bar3hA denaa| utpAdana doSa sAdhu dvArA lagane vAle doSa utpAdana ke doSa kahalAte haiN| ye AhAra kI yAcanA ke doSa haiN| inake bhI solaha prakAra haiM (1) dhAtrI-dhAya mA~ kI taraha gRhastha ke bAlakoM ko khilApilAkara, haMsA-ramA kara AhAra lenaa| saMgamasUri nanheM-nanheM bAlakoM ke sAtha krIr3A karake bhikSA lAte the| jaba yaha jJAta huA to unheM prAyazcitta lekara zuddhikaraNa karanA pdd'aa| (2) dUtI-dUta ke samAna sandezavAhaka banakara AhAra lenaa| dhanadatta muni isI prakAra zikSA prApta karate the| (3) niminta-zubhAzubha nimitta batAkara AhAra lenaa|| (4) AjIva-AhAra ke lie jAti, kula, gaNa, karma va zilpa Adi batAkara zikSA grahaNa krnaa| (5) banIpaka-dUsaroM ke samakSa apanI daridratA kA pradarzana kara yA unake manonukUla bolakara jo dravya prApta hotA hai vaha 'vanI' kahalAtA hai aura jo usako pIe yA AsvAdana kare yA usakI rakSA kare vaha vanIpaka kahA jAtA hai / banIpaka ke atithi-vanIpaka, kRpaNa-vanIpaka, brAhmaNa-vanIpaka, zva-vanIpaka aura zramaNa-vanIpaka ye pAMca prakAra kiye haiN| AcArya abhayadeva ne sthAnAGgavRtti meM likhA hai ki atithi-bhakta ke sammukha atithi-dAna kA prazaMsA kara usase dAna kI icchA karane vAlA atithi-vanIpaka hai| isI taraha kRpaNa (daridra Adi) bhakta ke sAmane kRpaNa-dAna kI prazaMsA kara aura brAhmaNabhakta ke sAmane brAhmaNa-dAna kA mahattva pradarzita kara usase dAna kI icchA karane vAlA kramaza: kRpaNa-vanIpaka aura brAhmaNa-vanIpaka ke nAma se vizruta hai / zvabhakta-kutte ke bhakta ke sammukha kutte-dAna kI prazaMsA kara usase dAna prApta karane vAlA zva-vanIpaka kahalAtA hai| usakA yaha abhimata hai ki gAya prabhRti pazuoM ko ghAsa milanA sarala hai kintu kutte ko sabhI dutkArate haiM, use bhojana milanA atyadhika kaThina hai| tuma kuttoM ko sAdhAraNa pazu mata smjho| ye to kailAza parvata para rahane vAle sAkSAt yakSa

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428 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hai| yakSa ke rUpa meM ye bhUmi para vicaraNa karate haiN| zramaNabhakta ke sammukha dAna kI prazaMsA karake usase dAna prApta karane kI icchA vAlA zramaNavanIpaka kahalAtA hai| zramaNa ke nirgrantha, zAkya, tApasa, parivrAjaka aura AjIvaka ye pAMca bheda kiye haiN| (6) cikitsA-auSadhi Adi batAkara AhAra lenaa| (7) krodha-krodha karanA yA zApAdi kA bhaya dikhaanaa| (5) mAna-apanA prabhutva jamAkara AhAra lenaa| (9) mAyA-chala-kapaTa se AhAra lenaa| (10) lobha-sarasa bhikSA ke lie adhika ghUmanA / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha se bhikSA prApta karane vAle zramaNoM ke udAharaNa bhI isameM diye gaye haiN| (11) pUrva pazcAtsaMstava-dAna dene vAloM ke mAtA-pitA athavA sAsa-sasura prabhRti kA paricaya pradAna kara tathA bhikSA ke pUrva yA bAda meM unakI yazogAthA gAkara bhikSA prApta krnaa| (12) vidyA-bhikSA prApta karane ke lie vidyA kA prayoga krnaa| (13) maMtra-bhikSA prApta karane ke lie maMtra kA prayoga krnaa| pratiSThAnapura ke rAjA muruNDa kI bhayaMkara sira-vedanA ko dUra karane vAle pAdalipta sUri kA yahA~ para udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| (14) cUrNa-cUrNa Adi vazIkaraNa kA prayoga karake AhAra grahaNa krnaa| A~khoM meM isa prakAra kA aMjana lagA denA, jisase dAtA mugdha hokara udAra bhAvanA se dAna de| do kSullaka muniyoM kA yahA~ udAharaNa diyA hai| (15) yoga-pAdalepa Adi yoga-vidyA kA pradarzana kara AhAra Adi grahaNa krnaa| isameM samita sUri kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| (16) mUlakarma-garbha staMbhana, rakSaNa, patana Adi batAkara AhArAdi prApta karanA / isake lie jaMdhAparijita nAmaka zramaNa kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| grahaNavaNA ke doSa gRhastha aura zramaNa donoM ke nimitta se jo doSa lagatA hai vaha grahaNaSaNA doSa kahalAtA hai| usake dasa prakAra haiM (1) zaGkita-AdhAkarmAdi doSoM kI zaMkA hone para bhI lenaa| zaMkAsahita liyA huA AhAra zuddha hone para bhI karmabandha kA hetu hone se

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 426 azuddha ho jAtA hai| apanI ora se samyak jAMca karane ke pazcAt liyA huA AhAra yadi azuddha bhI hai to bhI vaha karmabandha kA hetu nahIM bntaa| (2) mrakSita-sacitta kA saMghaTThA hone para bhI AhAra lenaa| (3) nikSipta-sacitta para rakhA huA AhAra lenaa| nikSipta do prakAra kA hotA hai-anantara nikSipta aura parampara nikSipta / makkhana Adi jala meM rakhA jAtA hai vaha anantara nikSipta hai| sampAtima jIvoM ke bhaya se dahI Adi kA bartana jalakuNDa meM rakhA jAtA hai yaha parampara nikSipta hai| jahA~ jala, uttiMga, panaka kA azana se sIdhA sambandha hai vaha azana anantara nikSipta hai aura jahA~ para sIdhA sambandha nahIM hai vahA~ parampara nikSipta hai| donoM prakAra ke nikSipta azanAdi zramaNa ke lie varNya hai| (4) pihita-sacitta se DhakA huA AhAra lenaa| (5) saMhRtya-pAtra meM pahale se rakkhe hue akalpanIya padArthoM ko nikAlakara usI pAtra se denaa| (6)dAyaka-bAla, vRddha, matta, unmatta, kApate hue zarIra vAlA, jvara se pIr3ita, aMdhA, kuSTha rogI, khar3AUM pahane hue, hAthoM va pAMvoM meM ber3I pahane hue, hAtha-pAMva rahita, napuMsaka, sagarbhA strI, jisakI goda meM zizu ho, bhojana karatI huI, dahI mathatI huI, ATA pIsatI huI, ruI Adi dhunatI huI, chahakAya ke jIvoM ko bhUmi para rakhatI huI, unako sparza va una para gamana karatI huI, jinake hAtha dahI Adi se sane hae hoM, aise anadhikArI vyaktiyoM se AhAra grahaNa krnaa| isameM chahakAya ke jIvoM kI virAdhanA hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| (7) unmizra-sAdhu ko dene yogya AhAra ho, use na dene yogya AhAra se milAkara diyA jAe / athavA jo acitta AhAra sacitta yA mizra vastu se sahaja hI milA huA ho vaha unmitha kahalAtA hai| saMhRtya aura unmizra meM yaha antara hai ki saMhRtya meM adeya-vastu ko sacitta vastu se lage hue pAtra meM yA sacitta para rakhA jAtA hai aura unmizra meM sacitta aura acitta kA mizraNa kiyA jAtA hai| (4) apariNata-apakva zAka Adi grahaNa krnaa| (e) lipta--bhikSA dene ke nimitta jo hasta-pAtra Adi AhAra se lipta hoM, unheM gRhastha sacitta jala se dhotA hai ataH pazcAt karma hone kI

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43. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sambhAvanA se asaMspRSTa hAtha aura pAtra se bhikSA lene kA niSedha kiyA hai aura saMspRSTa hAtha aura pAtra se bhikSA lene kA vidhAna hai| roTI Adi sUkhI vastu jisakA lepa na lage aura jise dene ke pazcAt hAtha Adi dhonA na par3e / sAmAnya vidhi yaha hai ki muni alepa-kara AhAra le, kintu zarIra asvastha ho, saMyama-yoga kI vRddhi ke lie zakti saMcaya karanA Avazyaka ho to dUdha, dahI, ghRta, tela, miSThAna Adi vikRtiyA~ bhI le sakatA hai| (10) chadita-nIce bUMdeM gira rahI hoM aisA AhAra lenaa| prAsaMSaNA ke pAMca doSa zramaNa aura zramaNiyA~ jaba AhAra karane baiThate haiM taba jo AhAra karate samaya doSa lagate haiM ve grAsaiSaNA yA paribhogaiSaNA ke doSa kahalAte haiN| ve pAMca haiM :--- (1) saMyojanA-rasa lolupatA ke kAraNa dUdha aura zakkara Adi dravyoM ko paraspara meM milaanaa| (2) apramANa-mAtrA se adhika khAnA / jisa vyakti kA jitanA AhAra hai usase kiJcit mAtra bhI svAda Adi ke lie khAnA apramANa hai| (3) aGgAra-susvAdu bhojana kI prazaMsA karate hue khAnA / bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAna ne kahA hai-jo sAdhu yA sAdhvI prAsuka, eSaNIya, azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya, grahaNa kara usameM mUcchita, gRddha, snehAbaddha aura ekAgra hokara AhAra karatA hai vaha aMgAra doSayukta hai| yaha doSa cAritra ko jalAkara koyalA svarUpa nisteja banA detA hai ataH aMgAra hai| (4) dhUma-nIrasa AhAra kI nindA karate hue khAnA / (5) akAraNa-sAdhu ke lie chaha kAraNoM se bhojana karanA vihita hai| ve chaha kAraNa ye haiM-(1) kSudhAnivRtti (2) vaiyAvRtya-AcArya Adi kI vaiyAvRtya karane ke lie| (3) IryArtha- mArga ko dekha-dekhakara calane ke lie| (4) saMyamArtha-saMyama pAlana ke lie| (5) prANa-dhAraNArtha saMyamajIvana kI rakSA ke lie| (6) dharma-cintanArtha-zubha dhyAna karane ke lie| ina chaha kAraNoM ke atirikta AhAra karanA akAraNa AhAra hai| isa prakAra piNDaniyukti meM zramaNoM ke AhArAdi ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| ata: isa niyukti ko mUlasUtra ke rUpa meM bhI mAnA gayA hai| bhojana hI kSuSAnivRtti tya karane ke

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aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya 431 upasahAra Agama sAhitya atyanta vizAla hai| usameM prasaMgAnusAra nAnA viSayoM kI carcAeM haiM / usameM kevala dharma, darzana, AcAra-vicAra kI hI carcAeM nahIM apitu sAMskRtika, aitihAsika, sAmAjika Adi aneka jIvanopayogI viSayoM kI carcAeM haiM tathApi kucha Agama aise haiM jinameM eka hI viSaya kI pramukhatA hai| prasaMgAnusAra anya viSaya bhI Aye haiM para ve gauNarUpa se aura ve usa mUla viSaya ko puSTa karane kI dRSTi se hI Aye haiN| AcArAMga, dazavakAlika meM mukhyarUpa se sAdhvAcAra kA nirUpaNa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM sAdhvAcAra ke sAtha anya varNana bhI AyA hai| inameM mukhya rUpa se utsarga mArga kA hI vidhAna hai, kahIM-kahIM para ApavAdika sUtra haiN| chedasUtroM meM bhI sAdhvAcAra kA vizleSaNa hai para unameM utsarga aura apavAda donoM mArgoM kA varNana hai| yadi pramAda aura moha vaza doSa laga jAye to usakI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta kA bhI vidhAna hai| upAsakadazAMga meM zrAvakAcAra kA vizleSaNa hai| antakRtadazA aura anuttaropapAtika meM una mahAna vibhUtiyoM kA varNana hai jinakA jIvana tyAga, tapa va saMyama se jagamagAyA thaa| jJAtAdharmakathA meM ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se Atma-sAdhanA kI pavitra preraNA dI gaI hai| vipAkasUtra meM zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala para kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti, candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti meM usa yuga ke bhUgola aura khagola kA nirUpaNa hai| sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, prajJApanA, samavAyAMga, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, bhagavatI, nandI aura anuyogadvAra Adi AgamoM meM dArzanika viSayoM kI gaMbhIra carcAeM haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM usa samaya meM pracalita dArzanika matoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| bhUtAdvaitavAda kA nirasana kara AtmA kI alaga saMsiddhi kI gaI hai| brahmAdvaitavAda ke sthAna para nAnAtmavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| karma aura usake phala kI siddhi batAI gaI hai| jagata kI utpatti viSayaka IzvaravAda kA khaNDana kara saMsAra anAdi ananta hai yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda Adi aneka vAda jo

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432 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA usa samaya pracalita the unakA tarkayukta khaNDana kara samyak-kriyAvAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| prajJApanA meM jIva ke vividha bhAvoM kA nidarzana kara AtmA aura paraloka Adi ko vividha yuktiyA~ dekara samajhAyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM naya, pramANa, saptabhaMgI, anekAntavAda, karma, AtmA Adi dArzanika viSayoM kA sundara vizleSaNa hai| nandIsUtra meM jJAna ke svarUpa va usake bheda-prabhedoM kA acchA vivecana kiyA hai| sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga meM AtmA, pudgalAdi Sadravya, jJAna prabhRti viSayoM kI carcA hai| anuyogadvAra meM zabdArtha kI prakriyA kA varNana mukhya hai| prasaMgopAtta isameM pramANa, naya Adi kA bhI vizleSaNa hai| . dasa prakIrNakoM meM sAdhaka ko AdhyAtmika utkarSa ke lie maMgalamaya preraNA dI gaI hai| jIva kI garbhasthiti ke sambandha meM bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura Age calakara jaba vaha sAdhanA-patha para bar3hatA hai to kisa prakAra viveka evaM bhaktipUrvaka jIvanayApana karatA huA antima samaya meM samAdhipUrvaka prANa-tyAga kare-ina sabhI viSayoM kI vistAra ke sAtha carcA kI gaI hai| kucha prakIrNakoM meM jyotiSa sambandhI vicAra bhI haiN| mahAnizItha meM sAdhaka ke apavAdamArga kI vicAraNA hai| jIta vyavahAra meM zaMkAspada sthiti meM kartavya kA nirNaya karane ke niyAmaka tattvoM kA varNana hai| opaniyukti evaM piNDaniyukti meM zramaNa kI sAmAnya sAmAcArI kA varNana hai| yadyapi ye donoM niyuktiyAM haiM, tathApi inakI parigaNanA paitAlIsa AgamoM meM kI gaI hai| isa prakAra Agama sAhitya meM saMpUrNa jIva, jagat, bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika kSetroM kI samasta vidhiyoM, ghaTanAoM, kartavyoM aura niyAmaka niyamoM para vistAra ke sAtha vizleSaNa prApta hotA hai| mAnava jIvana kI sUkSmatama samasyAoM ke sAtha-sAtha samasta prANijagata deva-nAraka-tiryaMca, bhUgola, khagola, Adi hajAroM viSayoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai, jo hameM kartavya-bodha ke sAtha hI jJAna-vijJAna ke kSetra meM dUra, bahuta dUra taka socane kI preraNA detA ha, Aloka detA hai|

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caturtha khaNDa AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya " niyuktiyA~ 9 bhASya cUNiyA~ 0TIkAe~ DTabbA Adi

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niryukti sAhitya : eka vizleSaNa niryuSita tathA niyaMktikAra [] Avazyaka niryukti [D] vazavekAlikaniyukti [] uttarAdhyayananiryuSita [] AcArAMganiyukti D sUtrakRtAMganiryukti vazA taskandhaniryukti bRhatkalpaniyukti vyavahAraniryukti anya niyuktiyA~

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niyukti sAhitya : eka vizleSaNa Agama sAhitya ke guru-gaMbhIra rahasyoM ke udghATana ke lie vividha vyAkhyA sAhitya kA nirmANa huaa| usa virAT Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya ko hama pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM (1) niyuktiyAM (nijjutti) (2) bhASya (bhAsa) (3) cUNiyA~ (cuNNi) (4) saMskRta TIkAe~ (5) lokabhASA meM likhita vyAkhyA sAhitya / saMkSepa meM AgamoM ke viSayoM kA paricaya pradAna karane vAlI aneka saMgrahaNiyA~ haiN| paJcakalpamahAbhASya ke abhimatAnusAra saMgrahaNiyoM ke racayitA Arya kAlaka mAne gae haiN| niyuktiyA~ jaina Agama sAhitya para sarvaprathama prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyabaddha TIkAeM likhI gaI ve niyuktiyoM ke nAma se vizruta haiN| niyuktiyoM meM mUla grantha ke pratyeka pada para vyAkhyA na kara mukhya rUpa se pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyA zailI nikSepa paddhati hai / nikSepa-paddhati meM kisI eka pada ke saMbhAvita aneka artha karane ke pazcAt unameM se aprastuta arthoM kA niSedha kara prastuta artha ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha paddhati jaina nyAyazAstra meM bahuta hI priya rahI hai| bhadrabAhu ne prastuta paddhati niyukti ke lie upayukta mAnI hai / ve likhate haiM- 'eka zabda ke aneka artha hote haiM kintu kauna-sA artha kisa prasaMga ke lie upayukta hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ke samaya kauna-sA artha kisa zabda se sambaddha rahA hai| prabhRti sabhI bAtoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue, sahI dRSTi se artha nirNaya karanA aura usa artha kA mUlasUtra ke zabdoM ke sAtha sambandha sthApita karanA niyukti kA

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436 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA prayojana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to sUtra aura artha kA nizcita sambandha batalAne vAlI vyAkhyA ko niyukti kahate haiM / athavA nizcaya se artha kA pratipAdana karane vAlI yukti ko niyukti kahate haiM / suprasiddha jarmana vidvAna zArapenTiyara ne niyukti kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai ki 'niyuktiyA~ apane pradhAna bhAga ke kevala iMDeksa kA kAma karatI haiN| ve sabhI vistAra yukta ghaTanAvaliyoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha karatI haiM / 4 anuyogadvArasUtra meM niyuktiyoM ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM (1) nikSepa - niyukti (2) upodghAta-niryukti (3) sUtrasparzika niyukti ye tInoM bheda viSaya kI vyAkhyA para AdhRta haiM / DA0 ghATake' ne niyuktiyoM ko nimna tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai (1) mUla niyuktiyA~ - jisameM kAla ke prabhAva se kucha bhI mizraNa na huA ho, jaise AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAGga kI niyuktiyA~ / (2) jisameM mUlabhASyoM kA saMmizraNa ho gayA hai, tathApi ve vyavacchedya haiM, jaise dazavakAlika aura AvazyakasUtra kI niyuktiyA~ / (3) ve niyuktiyA~ jinheM Ajakala bhASya yA bRhadubhASya kahate haiM / . jinameM mUla aura bhASya meM itanA saMmizraNa ho gayA hai ki una donoM ko pRthakpRthaka nahIM kara sakate, jaise nizItha Adi kI niyuktiyA~ / yaha vibhAga vartamAna meM prApta niyukti sAhitya ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / inake kAla nirNaya ke sambandha meM vijJoM kA eka mata nahIM hai para yaha satya hai ki vIra nirvANa kI AThavIM nauvIM sadI ke pUrva inakI racanA ho cukI thii| 1 Avazyakaniyukti, gA0pa0 2 sUtrArthayoH parasparaM niyojana sambandhanaM niyuktiH / 3 4 5 ---Avazyakaniyukti, gA0 83 -AcArAMgani0 112 / 1 nizcayena arthapratipAdikA yuktiniyuktiH / uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA, pR0 50-51 Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. 12, p. 270.

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 437 niyuktikAra kauna ? jisa prakAra yAska maharSi ne vaidika pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie nighaNTu bhASya rUpa nirukta likhA hai isI prakAra jaina pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie AcArya bhadrabAhu ne niyuktiyA~ likhI haiM / niyuktikAra AcArya bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| ye caturdaza- pUrvaghara chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu se pRthak haiM, kyoMki niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti, paJcakalpani kti meM chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA hai| yadi chedasUtrakAra aura niyuktikAra eka hI bhadrabAhu hote to namaskAra kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| niyuktiyoM meM itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI aisI aneka bAteM AI haiM jo zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke bahuta kAla bAda ghaTita huiiN| yaha satya tathya hai ki niyuktiyoM meM kucha gAthAe~ bahuta hI prAcIna haiM to kucha gAthAe~ arvAcIna haiN| Agama prabhAvaka puNyavijayajI mahArAja kA mantavya hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ne bhI niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI thI / usake pazcAt govinda vAcaka jaise anya AcAryoM ne niyuktiyA~ likhIM / una sabhI niyukti gAthAoM kA saMgraha kara tathA apanI ora se kucha navIna -gAthAe~ banAkara dvitIya bhadrabAhu ne niyuktiyoM ko antima rUpa diyA / 2 'hamArI dRSTi se 'samavAyAGga, sthAnAGga evaM nandI meM jahA~ para dvAdazAGgI kA paricaya pradAna kiyA gayA vahA~ para 'saMkhejjAo nijjuttIo' yaha pATha prApta hotA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki niyuktiyoM kI paramparA AgamakAla meM bhI thI / pratyeka AcArya yA upAdhyAya apane ziSyoM ko Agama ke rahasya hRdayaMgama karAne ke lie apanI-apanI dRSTi se niyaM ktiyoM kI racanA karate rahe hoNge| jaise vartamAna prophesara vidyArthiyoM ko noTsa likhavAte haiM vaise hI niyuktiyA~ rahI hoMgI / unhIM ko mUla AdhAra banAkara dvitIya bhadrabAhu ne antima rUpa diyA hogA / niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu prasiddha jyotirvida varAhamihira ke bhrAtA the / jo aSTAGga nimitta aura maMtravidyA ke niSNAta vidvAna the| jinhoMne upasaharastotra, bhadrabAhusaMhitA aura dasa niyuktiyA~ likhI haiN| vijJoM kA 1 vaMdAmi mahabAhu pAINaM carimasagalasuyanANi / suttassa kAramisi, dasAsu kappe ya vavahAre || 2 jJAnAJjali, tathA munizrI hajArImala smRti grantha

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438 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aisA mantavya hai ki bhadrabAhusaMhitA jo vartamAna meM upalabdha hai vaha kRtrima hai| asalI bhadrabAhusaMhitA vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu kA samaya vikrama samvat 562 ke lagabhaga hai aura niyuktiyoM kA racanA samaya vikrama saMvat 500-600 ke madhya kA hai| ina dasa AgamoM para niyuktiyAM prApta hotI haiM(1) Avazyaka, (2) dazavakAlika (3) uttarAdhyayana (4) AcArAMga (5) sUtrakRtAGga (6) dazAzrutaskandha (7) bRhatkalpa (8) vyavahAra (6) sUryaprajJapti (10) RSibhASita ina dasa niyuktiyoM meM se sUryaprajJapti aura RSibhASita kI niyuktiyA~ upalabdha nahIM haiN| odhaniyukti, piNDaniyukti, paJcakalpaniyukti aura nizIthaniyukti kramazaH Avazyakaniyukti, dazavakAlikaniyaMkti, bRhatkalpaniyukti aura AcArAMganiyukti kI pUraka haiN| DA0 ghATake ke anusAra 'odhaniyukti' aura piNDaniyukti kramazaH dazavakAlikaniyukti aura Avazyakaniyukti kI upazAkhAeM haiM kintu isa bAta se AcArya malayagiri sahamata nahIM hai| unake vicAra se piNDaniyukti dazavakAlikaniyukti kA hI eka aMza hai, aisA piNDaniyukti kI TIkA se spaSTa hai| AcArya malayagiri dazavakAlikaniyukti ko caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu kI kRti mAnate haiN| kintu piNDaiSaNA nAmaka pA~caveM adhyayana para bahuta vistRta niyukti ho jAne se usako pRthak va svatantra 'piNDaniyaMkti yaha nAma diyA gyaa| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki piNDaniyakti dazavakAlikaniyukti kA hI eka vistAra se likhA gayA aMza hai| malayagiri ne likhA hai-'piNDaniyukti dazavakAlikaniyukti ke antargata hone ke kAraNa hI isa grantha ke Adi meM namaskAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura dazavakAlikaniyukti ke mUla ke Adi meM niyuktikAra ne namaskAra pUrvaka grantha ko prArambha kiyA hai|" 1 dazavakAlikasya ca niyuktizcaturdazapUrvavidA bhadrabAhusvAminA kRtA, tatra piNDeSaNA midhApaJcamAdhyayana niyuktirati-prabhUtagranthatvAt pRthak zAstrAntaramiva vyavasthApitA tasyAzca piNDaniyuktiriti nAmakRtaM ""ataeva cAdAvatra namaskAro'pi na kRtodazakAlikAniyuktyantaragatatvena zeSA tu niyuktirdazavaikAlika-niyuktiriti sthaapitaa|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 436 AcArya malayagiri kA prastuta tarka adhika vajanadAra nahIM hai ki namaskAra na karane ke kAraNa hI yaha niyukti dazavakAlika kA eka aMza hai| para aitihAsika dRSTi se cintana karane para aisA parijJAta hotA hai ki namaskAra karane kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna nahIM hai| chedasUtra aura mUlasUtroM kA prArambha bhI namaskArapUrvaka nahIM huA hai| TIkAkAroM ne khIMcAtAna kara Adi, madhya aura anta maMgala kI saMyojanA kii| maMgala vAkyoM kI paramparA vikrama kI tIsarI zatI ke pazcAt kI hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se donoM meM samAnatA hai kintu piNDaniyukti bhadrabAhu kI racanA hai yaha ullekha AcArya malayagiri ke atirikta anyatra kahIM para bhI nahIM miltaa| suprasiddha jarmana vidvAna "vinTaranitsa" kA mantavya hai ki odhaniyukti jisa para droNAcArya kI TIkA hai vaha prathama bhadrabAhu kI kRti hai para niyukti kI prathama gAthA meM hI 'dazapUrvadhara' ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| svayaM TIkAkAra ne bhI yaha prazna upasthita kiyA hai ki caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya dazapUrvadhara ko kyoM namaskAra karate haiM ? punaH unhoMne hI svayaM samAdhAna kiyA ki 'guNAhie vaMdayaNaM" para yaha samAdhAna tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| antima dazapUrvadhara vajra svAmI the| dvitIya bhadrabAhu unake pazcAt hue| ata: unake dvArA dazapUrvadharoM ko namaskAra karanA saMgata hai| saMsaktaniyukti ina niyuktiyoM ke bahuta samaya pazcAt likhI gaI hai| govindaniyukti jisake racayitA govindAcArya mAne jAte haiM yaha niyukti bhI vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| Avazyakaniyukti / bhadrabAhu kI dasa niyuktiyoM meM Avazyakaniyukti kA sthAna prathama hai| isameM aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| isake bAda kI niyuktiyoM meM una viSayoM kI carcA na kara Avazyaka niyukti ko dekhane kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| anya niyuktiyoM ko samajhane ke lie sarvaprathama isa niyukti ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| isameM sarvaprathama upodghAta hai jo bhUmikA ke rUpa meM hai| usameM 880 gAthAe~ haiN| prathama pA~ca jJAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai| Abhinibodhika jJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA-ye cAra bheda haiN| avagraha kA kAla eka 1 Winternitz-op. cit. p.465

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440 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA samaya hai| IhA avAya kA antama harta aura dhAraNA kA saMkhyeya samaya, asaMkhyeya samaya aura antarmuhUrta hai|' IhA, apoha, vimarza, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, saMjJA, smRti, mati aura prajJA ye Abhinibodhika ke paryAyavAcI haiN| isake pazcAta Abhinibodhika jJAna ke svarUpa kI carcA gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, lezyA, samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, saMyata, upayoga, AhAra, bhASaka, parItta, paryAptaka, sUkSma, saMjJI, bhava aura carama ina sabhI dRSTiyoM se kI hai| usake pazcAt zrutajJAna para cintana karate hue isake akSara, saMjJI Adi caudaha prakAra batAye haiN| isake bAda avadhijJAna ke asaMkhya bhedoM kA pratipAdana kara phira bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya ye do bheda kiye haiN| phira svarUpa, kSetra, saMsthAna, AnugAmika, avasthita, cala, tIvramanda, pratipAtotpAda, jJAna, darzana, vibhaMga, deza, kSetra aura gati-ina caudaha nikSepoM kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva ina sAta nikSepoM se avadhijJAna kI carcA kI gaI hai| sabase adhika vistAra avadhijJAna kA kiyA gayA hai| manaHparyavajJAna mAnava kSetra taka sImita hai vaha guNaprAtyayika aura cAritravAnoM kI nidhi hai| kevalajJAna samasta dravya aura paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha apratipAtI hai| jJAna ke varNana ke pazcAt SaDAvazyaka kA nirUpaNa hai| usameM sarvaprathama sAmAyika hai| sAmAyika ke adhyayana ke pazcAt hI anya Agama sAhitya ke par3hane kA vidhAna hai--sAmAiyamAiyAI ekkArasaaMgAI ahijjai / 2 cAritra kA prArambha hI sAmAyika se hotA hai / mukti ke lie jJAna aura cAritra ye donoM Avazyaka haiN| jJAnarahita cAritra aMdhA hai to cAritrarahita jJAna paMgu hai jo apane lakSya para nahIM pahuMca sktaa| sAmAyika kA adhikArI zrutajJAnI hotA hai vaha kSaya, upazama, kSayomazaya kara kevalajJAna aura mokSa prApta karatA hai| upazama va kSapakazreNI para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyika zruta kA adhikArI hI tIrthakara jaise gauravazAlI pada ko prApta karatA hai| tIrthaMkara kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAta jisa zruta kA upadeza pradAna karate haiM vahI jina pravacanazruta hai| zruta ke hI pravacana, dharma, tIrtha aura mArga ye paryAyavAcI haiN| sUtra, tantra, grantha, pATha aura zAstra ye ekArthaka haiN| 1 Avazyakaniyukti, 1-4 2 antakRtadazAMga, prathama varga

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 441 anuyoga, niyoga, bhASya, vibhASA aura vArtika ye paryAyavAcI haiM kintu bhASA, vibhASA aura vArtika kA bheda spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt sAmAyika para vivecana uddezya, nirdeza, nirgama Adi chabbIsa bAtoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| mithyAtva kA nirgamana kisa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai isa prazna para cintana karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana kiyA hai| usameM kulakara kI carcA, bhagavAna RSabhadeva aura unake jIvana para prakAza DAlA hai| bhagavAna RSabha kA jIvana vistAra se yahA~ para uTTaGkita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIva marIci ne parISahoM se ghabarAkara tridaNDI mata kI saMsthApanA kii| kula mada se usa samaya unake jIva ne nIca gotra kA upArjana kiyA aura utsUtra kI prarUpaNA karane ke kAraNa use koTAkoTi sAgaropama taka saMsAra meM bhaTakanA pdd'aa| una sabhI bhavoM kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| anta meM marIci kA jIva bhagavAna mahAvIra bnaa| unake jIvana se sambandhita svapna, garbhApahAra, abhigraha, janma, abhiSeka, vRddhi, jAtismaraNajJAna, bhayopATana, vivAha, apatyadAna, sambodha aura mahAbhiniSkramaNa Adi teraha ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt gyAraha gaNadharoM ke mastiSka meM jIva kA astitva, karma kA astitva, jIva aura zarIra kA abheda, bhUtoM kA astitva, ihabhava-parabhavasAdRzya, baMdha-mokSa, devoM kA astitva, naraka kA astitva, puNya-pApa, paraloka kI sattA, nirvANasiddhi Adi zaMkAeM thiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne unakI zaMkAeM nirasana kI aura una sabhI ne apane ziSyoM ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSAe~ grahaNa kii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sAmAyika kA upadeza diyaa| gaNadharoM ne usa upadeza ko sunA aura usa para zraddhA kii| nayadvAra meM sapta naya para cintana karate hue likhA hai ki jinazAsana meM eka bhI aisA sUtra nahIM hai jisakA artha nayadRSTi se na ho| isa samaya kAlika sUtra meM nayAvatAraNA nahIM hotI hai-isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue likhA hai ki pahale kAlika kA anuyoga apRthaka thA para Arya vajra ke pazcAt kAlika kA anuyoga pRthaka kara diyA gyaa| Arya baja ke jIvana prasaMga ko dekara anuyogoM ke pRthakkartA AryarakSita ke jIvana para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| Arya rakSita kA mAtula goSThAmAhila sAtavA~ nihnava thaa| usake pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM jamAli, tiSyagupta, ASADha, azvamitra, gaMgasUri, SaDulUka, ye chaha nihnava ho cuke the| jinhoMne kramaza:

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442 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bahurata, jIva pradeza, avyakta, samuccheda, dvikriyA, trirAzi aura abaddha mata kI saMsthApanA kI thii| naya dRSTi se sAmAyika para cintana karane ke pazcAt samyaktva, zruta aura cAritra ye tIna sAmAyika ke bheda kiye| jisakI AtmA saMyama, niyama aura tapa meM ramaNa karatI hai, jisake antarmAnasa meM prANI mAtra ke prati samabhAva kA samudra ThAThe mAratA rahatA hai vahI sAmAyika kA saccA adhikArI hai| sAmAyikasUtra ke prArambha meM namaskAra mantra AtA hai| isalie namaskAra mantra kI utpatti, nikSepa, pada, padArtha, prarUpaNA, vastu, AkSepa, prasiddhi, krama, prayojana aura phala ina gyAraha dRSTiyoM se namaskAra mahAmantra para cintana kiyA gayA hai| jo sAdhaka ke lie bahata hI upayogI hai| sAmAyika meM tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se sAvadha pravRtti kA parityAga hotA hai| dUsarA adhyayana caturvizatistava kA hai| isameM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva, ina chaha nikSepoM kI dRSTi se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyayana vandanA kA hai| citikarma, kRtikarma, pUjAkarma aura vinayakarma ye vandanA ke paryAyavAcI haiM / vandanA kise karanI cAhie ? kisake dvArA honI cAhie? kaba honI cAhie? kitanI bAra honI cAhie? kitanI bAra sira jhukAnA cAhie? kitane AvazyakoM se zuddha honI cAhie? kitane doSoM se mukta honI cAhie? vandanA kisalie karanI cahie? prabhUti nau bAtoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vahI zramaNa vandanIya hai jisakA AcAra utkRSTa hai aura vicAra nirmala haiN| jisa samaya zramaNa AhAra Adi meM vyasta ho usa samaya vandana nahIM karanA caahie| jisa samaya vaha prazAnta, Asanastha aura upazAnta ho usI samaya vandanA karanI caahie| caturtha adhyayana kA nAma pratikramaNa hai| pramAda ke kAraNa AtmabhAva se jo AtmA mithyAtva Adi para-sthAna meM jAtA hai, usakA pUna: apane sthAna meM AnA pratikramaNa hai| praticaraNA, pariharaNA, vAraNA, nivRtti, nindA, gahIM, zuddhi ye pratikramaNa ke paryAyavAcI haiN| inake artha ko samajhAne ke lie prastuta niyukti meM dRSTAnta diye gaye haiN| pratikramaNa daivasika, rAtrika, itvarika, yAvatkathika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, sAMvatsarika, uttamArthaka prabhRti aneka prakAra kA hotA hai| mithyAtvaprati

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 443 kramaNa, asaMyamapratikramaNa, kaSAyapratikramaNa, aprazastayoga pratikramaNa aura saMsArapratikramaNa ye pA~ca pratikramaNa ke prakAra haiN| bhAvapratikramaNa vaha hai jisameM tIna karaNa tIna yoga se mithyAtva Adi kA sevana na kiyA jAya / viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie nAgadatta Adi kI kathA dI gaI hai| isake pazcAt AlocanA, nirapalApa, Apatti meM dRr3hadharmatA Adi battIsa yogoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai aura unheM samajhAne ke lie mahAgiri, sthUlabhadra, dharmaghoSa, surendradatta, vArattaka, dhanvantarI vaidya, karakaNDu, Arya puSpabhUti Adi ke udAharaNa bhI diye gaye haiN| sAtha hI svAdhyAya asvAdhyAya ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pA~caveM adhyayana meM kAyotsarga kA nirUpaNa hai / kAyotsarga aura vyutsarga ye ekArthavAcI haiN| yahA~ para kAyotsarga kA artha vraNa cikitsA hai| jisa prakAra kA vraNa ho usI prakAra kI cikitsA karanI caahie| kucha doSa AlocanA se ThIka hote haiM to kucha doSa pratikramaNa se aura kucha doSa kAyotsarga se ThIka hote haiM / kAyotsarga ke ceSTAkAyotsarga aura abhibhavakAyotsarga ye do prakAra haiN| bhikSAcaryA Adi meM hone vAlA ceSTAkAyotsarga hai / upasarga Adi meM hone vAlA abhibhavakAyotsarga hai / abhibhavakAyotsarga kI kAlamaryAdA kama se kama antarmuhUrta kI hai aura adhika se adhika eka saMvatsara kI hai / kAyotsarga khar3e, baiThe aura sote hue bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAyotsarga se deha aura buddhi kI jar3atA miTatI hai| sukha-duHkha ko sahana karane kI kSamatA samutpanna hotI hai| usameM anitya, azaraNa Adi dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA cintana hotA hai| mana kI caMcalatA naSTa hokara zubhadhyAna kA abhyAsa nirantara bar3hatA hai / yahA~ para niyuktikAra ne zubhadhyAna para cintana karate hue kahA hai ki antarmuhUrta taka jo citta kI ekAgratA hai vahI dhyAna hai / usa dhyAna ke Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla ye cAra prakAra batAye haiN| prathama do saMsAra-abhivRddhi ke hetu hone se apa-dhyAna haiM aura antima do dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hone se prazasta haiN| dhyAna ke sambandha meM anya bAtoM para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| niyata kAyotsarga meM ucchvAsoM kI saMkhyA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai- devasika meM sau ucchvAsa, rAtrika meM pacAsa, pAkSika meM tIna sau

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444 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA cAturmAsika meM pAMca sau aura sAMvatsarika meM eka hajAra ATha ucchavAsoM kA kAyotsarga karanA caahie| isI taraha niyata kAyotsarga meM 'logassujjoyagare' ke pATha kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki devasika kAyotsarga meM cAra, rAtrika meM do, pAkSika meM bAraha, cAturmAsika meM bIsa aura sAmvatsarika meM cAlIsa logassa kA pAsa karanA caahie| zramaNa ko apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra kAyotsarga karanA caahie| yadi zakti se adhika samaya taka kAyotsarga kiyA jAyegA to aneka prakAra ke doSa samutpanna ho sakate haiM / kAyotsarga ke samaya kapaTapUrvaka nidrA lenA, sUtra aura artha kI pratipRcchA karanA, kA~TA nikAlanA aura laghuzaMkA Adi karane ke lie cale jAnA ucita nahIM hai| isase usa kArya ke prati upekSA pragaTa hotI hai| kAyotsarga ke ghoTakadoSa, latAdoSa prabhRti unnIsa doSa batAye haiN| jo vAsI aura candana donoM ko samAna samajhatA hai, jIne aura marane meM jo samabuddhi hai aura deha kI buddhi se pare hai vahI vyakti kAyotsarga kA saccA adhikArI hai| . Avazyaka kA chaThA adhyayana pratyAkhyAna hai| pratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAtA, pratyAkhyeya, parSada, kathanavidhi aura phala ina chaha dRSTiyoM se pratyAkhyAna kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pratyAkhyAna ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, aditsA, pratiSedha aura bhAva ye chaha prakAra haiN| pratyAkhyAna kI vizuddhi zraddhA, jJAna, vinaya, anubhASaNA, anupAlanA aura bhAva ina chaha prakAra se hotI hai| pratyAkhyAna se Asrava kA nirundhana hotA hai| samatA kI saritA meM avagAhana kiyA jAtA hai| cAritra kI ArAdhanA karane se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai, apUrvakaraNa kara kSapakatheNi se kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai aura anta meM mokSa kA avyAbAdha sukha prApta hotA hai| pratyAkhyAna dravya aura bhAva rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| dravyapratyAkhyAna Ava0ni0 gA 1524-25 Avazyakaniyukti gA0 1526 noTa-sthAnakavAsI jaina paramparA meM vibhinna paramparAe~ thIM ataH saMgaThana kI dRSTi se devasika rAtrika cAra, pAkSika ATha, cAturmAsika bAraha aura sAmvatsarika bIsa logassa kI paramparA ajamera bRhadasAdhu sammelana meM prArambha kI jo Aja pracalita hai| --lekhaka

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 445 meM azana Adi kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai aura bhAvapratyAkhyAna meM ajJAna Adi kaa| pratyAkhyAna kA adhikArI vahI sAdhaka hai jo vyakSipta va avinIta na ho| zramaNa jIvana ko mahAna va tejasvI banAne ke lie zramaNa jIvana se sambandhita sabhI viSayoM kI carcAeM prastuta niyukti meM kI gaI haiN| aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI isa niyukti kA atyadhika mahatva hai| aise aneka mahattvapUrNa tathya isameM ujAgara hue haiM jo isase pUrva kI racanAoM meM kahIM para bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hote| dazavakAlikaniyukti dazavakAlika meM 'daza' zabda kA prayoga dasa adhyayana kI dRSTi se haA hai aura kAla kA prayoga isalie haA hai ki isakI racanA usa samaya pUrNa haI jabaki pauruSI vyatIta ho cukI thI arthAt aparAhna kA samaya ho cukA thaa| - prathama adhyayana kA nAma drumapuSpikA hai| isameM dharma kI prazaMsA karate hae usake laukika aura lokottara ye do bheda batAe haiN| laukika dharma ke grAmadharma, dezadharma, rAjyadharma Adi aneka bheda haiM aura lokottara dharma ke zratadharma tathA cAritradharma ye do bheda haiN| zrutadharma svAdhyAya rUpa hai aura cAritradharma zramaNadharma rUpa hai / ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa kI sundara paribhASA prastuta kI gaI hai| pratijJA, hetu, vibhakti, vipakSa, pratibodha, dRSTAnta, AzaMkA, tatpratiSedha, nigamana Adi dasa avayavoM se prathama adhyayana kA parIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyayana meM dhRti kI saMsthApanA kI gaI hai| prArambha meM nikSepapaddhati 'zrAmaNya pUrvaka' kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| zrAmaNya kI cAra nikSepa se aura 'pUrvaka' kI teraha prakAra se vivecanA kI gaI hai| zramaNa ke pravajita, anagAra, pAsaNDI, caraka, tApasa, bhikSu, parivrAjaka, zramaNa, nirgrantha, saMyata, mukta, tIrNa, trAtA, dravya, muni, kSAnta, dAnta, virata, rUkSa, tIrArthI ye paryAyavAcI diye haiM / bhAvabhramaNa kA saMkSepa meM sAragrAhI citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| . tRtIya adhyayana meM kSullikA arthAt ladhu AcAra kathA kA adhikAra hai / kSullaka, AcAra aura kathA ina tInoM kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana hai| kSullaka kA nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, pradhAna, pratItya aura bhAva ina ATha bhedoM kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| AcAra kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana karate hue nAmana, dhAvana, vAsana, zikSApana Adi ko dravyAcAra kahA

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446 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hai aura darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya ko bhAvAcAra kahA hai / kathA ke artha, kAma, dharma aura mizra rUpa se cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM evaM unake avAntara bheda bhI kiye gaye haiN| zramaNa kSetra, kAla, puruSa, sAmarthya prabhRti ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara anavadya kathA kare aisA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyayana meM SaDjIvanikAya kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM eka, SaD, jIvanikAya aura zAstra kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| jIva ke lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai AdAna, paribhoga, yoga, upayoga, kaSAya, lezyA, Ana, ApAna, indriya, bandha, udaya, nirjarA, vitta, cetanA, saMjJA, vijJAna, dhAraNA, buddhi, IhA, mati, vitarka se jIva ko pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| zastra ke dravya aura bhAva rUpa ye do bheda kie haiN| dravyazastra svakAya, parakAya aura ubhayakAya rUpa hotA hai| bhAvazastra asaMyama rUpa hai / paJcama adhyayana bhikSA vizuddhi se sambandhita hai / piNDeSaNA meM piNDa aura eSaNA ye do pada haiN| ina para nikSepa pUrvaka cintana kiyA gayA hai| gur3a, odana Adi dravyapiNDa haiM tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye bhAvapiNDa haiN| dravyeSaNA sacitta, acitta aura mizra rUpa se tIna prakAra kI hai| bhAvepaNA prazasta aura aprazasta rUpa se do prakAra kI hai| jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi prazasta bhASaNA hai aura krodha Adi aprazasta bhAvaiSaNA hai| kintu yahA~ para dravyaMSaNA kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai kyoMki bhikSA vizuddhi se tapa aura saMyama kA poSaNa hotA hai / paSThama adhyayana meM bRhad AcAra kathA kA pratipAdana hai / mahat kI nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, pradhAna, pratItya aura bhAva ina ATha bhedoM se cintana kiyA hai / dhAnya aura ratna ke 24-24 prakAra batAye gaye haiM / saptama adhyayana kA nAma 'vAkyazuddhi' hai / vAkya, vacana, girA, sarasvatI, bhAratI, go, vAk, bhASA, prajJApanI, dezanI, vAgyoga, yoga ye sabhI ekArthaka zabda haiN| janapada Adi ke bheda se satyabhASA dasa prakAra kI hotI / krodha Adi ke bheda se mRSAbhASA bhI dasa prakAra kI hotI hai| utpanna hone ke prakAra se mizrabhASA aneka prakAra kI hai aura asatyAmRSA AmaMtraNI Adi ke bheda se aneka prakAra kI hai| zuddhi ke bhI nAma Adi cAra nikSepa haiN| bhAvazuddhi tadbhAva, AdezabhAva aura prAdhAnyabhAva rUpa se tIna prakAra kI hai| aSTama adhyayana AcArapraNidhi hai / praNidhi dravyapraNidhi aura bhAva

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 447 nidhAna Adi dravyapraNidhi hai / indriyabhAvapraNidhi hai jo prazasta aura aprazasta praNidhi rUpa se do prakAra kI hai| praNidhi aura noindriyapraNidhi ye rUpa se do prakAra kI hai / cAra, navama adhyayana kA nAma vinayasamAdhi hai / bhAvavinaya ke lokopaarthanimitta, kAmahetu, bhayanimitta aura mokSanimitta ye pAMca bheda kiye gaye haiN| mokSanimittaka vinaya ke darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura upacAra sambandhI ye pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiN| dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma sabhikSu hai| prathama nAma, kSetra Adi nikSepa kI dRSTi se 'sa' para cintana kiyA hai usake pazcAt 'bhikSu' kA nikSepa kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai| bhikSu ke tIrNa, tAyI, dravya, vratI, kSAnta, dAnta, virata, muni, tApasa, prajJApaka, Rju, bhikSu, buddha, yati, vidvAna, pravrajita, anagAra, pAsaNDI, caraka, brAhmaNa, parivrAjaka, zramaNa, nirgrantha, saMyata, mukta, sAdhu, rUkSa, tIrArthI Adi paryAyavAcI diye haiN| pUrva zramaNa ke jo paryAyavAcI zabda diye gaye haiM usameM bhI kucha ye zabda A gaye haiM / cUlikA kA nikSepa dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvarUpa se cAra prakAra kA hai| yahA~ para bhAvacUDA hI abhipreta hai jo kSAyopazamika hai / isa prakAra dazavekAlikaniyukti kI 371 gAthAoM meM aneka laukika aura dhArmika kathAoM evaM sUktiyoM ke dvArA sUtra ke artha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| hiMguziva, gaMdhavikA, subhadrA, mRgAvatI, naladAma, aura govindavAcaka Adi kI kathAoM kA saMkSepa meM nAmollekha huA hai| samrAT kUNika ne gaNadhara gautama se jijJAsA prastuta kI- bhagavan ! cakravartI mara kara kahA~ para utpanna hote haiM ? samAdhAna diyA gayA-sAtavIM naraka meN| punaH jijJAsA prastuta huIbhagavan ! maiM kahA~ para utpanna hoU~gA ? gautama ne samAdhAna diyA- chaThI naraka meM / praznottara ke rUpa meM kahIM-kahIM para tArkika zailI ke bhI darzana hote haiM / utarAdhyayananiyuki dazavekAlikaniyukti kI bhAMti isa niyukti meM bhI aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai aura aneka zabdoM ke vividha paryAyavAcI zabda bhI diye haiN| sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayana zabda kI nikSepa dRSTi se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| adhyayana kI bhAva nikSepa se vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai prAmbaddha yA badhyamAna

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA karmoM ke abhAva se AtmA kA jo apane svabhAva meM Anayana - le jAnA hI adhyayana hai / jisase zIghra hI abhISTa artha kI siddhi hotI hai vaha adhyayana hai kyoMki adhyayana se aneka bhavoM se Ate hue aSTa prakAra ke karma raja kA kSaya hotA hai isalie ise bhAvAdhyayana kahA gayA hai| 448 zruta, skandha, saMyoga, gali, AkIrNa, parISaha, ekaka, catuSka, aMga, saMyama, pramAda, saMskRta, karaNa, urabhra, kapila, nami, bahuzruta, pUjA, pravacana, sAma, mokSa, caraNa, vidhi, maraNa Adi padoM para nikSepa kI dRSTi se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / yatra-tatra aneka zikSAprada kathAnaka diye gaye haiN| jaise gaMdhAra zrAvaka, tosaliputra, AcArya sthUlabhadra, skandakaputra, RSi pArAzara, kAlaka, karakeMDU Adi pratyekabuddha, harikeza, mRgAputra Adi kI kathAoM kA ullekha hai / nihnavoM ke jIvana para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / bhadrabAhu ke cAra ziSya rAjagRha ke vaibhAra parvata kI guphA meM zIta parISaha se aura muni suvarNabhadra ke maccharoM ke ghora upasarga se kAlagata hone kA varNana hai / isameM aneka uktiyA~ sUktiyoM ke rUpa meM haiM jaise rAI sarisavamittANi parachiddANi pAsasi / appaNo billamittANi pAsaMto'vi na pAsasi // rAI ke samAna tU dUsaroM ke doSoM ko dekhatA hai para baila ke samAna svayaM ke doSoM ko dekhakara bhI nahIM dekhatA hai| sukhI manuSya prAya: jaldI nahIM jAga pAtA suhio hu jaNo na vujhAI hiMsA aura parigraha kA tyAga hI vastutaH bhAvapravrajyA hai| "bhAvaMmi u pavvajjA ArambhapariggahaccAo" prastuta niyukti meM 607 gAthAeM haiN| AcArAMgafty for AcArAMga ke donoM zrutaskandhoM para niyukti prApta hotI hai, jisameM 347 gAthAeM haiN| prastuta niyukti uttarAdhyayananiyukti ke pazcAt aura sUtrakRtAGganiyukti ke pUrva racI gaI hai| sarvaprathama siddhoM ko namaskAra kara AcAra, aMga, zruta, skandha, brahma, caraNa, zastraparijJA, saMjJA aura dizA ina para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai / caraNa ke chaha nikSepa haiM, dizA ke sAta nikSepa haiM aura zeSa ke cAracAra nikSepa haiM /

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 446 AcAra ke AcAla, AgAla, Akara, AzvAsa, Adarza, aMga, AcIrNa, AjAti, AmokSa ye ekArthaka zabda haiM / AcAra kA prArambha sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne tIrtha-pravartana ke prArambha meM kiyA thA / anya ekAdaza aMga usake bAda meM race gaye haiN| AcArAMga dvAdazAGgI meM prathama kyoM hai ? isa prazna para cintana karate hae kahA hai ki isameM mokSa ke upAya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai jo sampUrNa pravacana kA sAra hai| AcArAMga ke adhyayana se zramaNadharma kA parijJAna hotA hai ataH vaha Adya gaNisthAna hai| aMgoM kA sAra AcAra hai / AcAra kA sAra anuyogArtha hai, anuyogArtha kA sAra prarUpaNA hai, prarUpaNA kA sAra caraNa hai, caraNa kA sAra nirvANa hai, nirvANa kA sAra avyAbAdha hai, jo sAdhaka kA antima dhyeya hai| AcArAMga ke nau adhyayanoM kA nAma batA kara kahA hai ki prathama adhyayana kA adhikAra jIva saMyama hai, dvitIya kA karmavijaya hai, tatIya kA sukha-duHkha titikSA hai, caturtha kA samyaktva kI dRr3hatA hai, paMcama kA lokasAra ratnatrayArAdhanA hai, SaSTha kA niHsaMgatA hai, saptama kA mohasamuttha parISahopasargasahanatA hai, aSTama kA nirvANa arthAt antakriyA hai aura navama kA jinapratipAdita arthazraddhAna hai| zastra aura parijJA ye do zabda haiN| nAma Adi nikSepa se usa para cintana kiyA gayA hai / khaDga, agni, viSa, sneha, amla, kSAra Adi dravyazastra haiM aura vikRta bhAva bhAvazastra hai| parijJA bhI dravya aura bhAva rUpa se do prakAra kI hai / dravya meM jJAtA upayogazUnya hotA hai kintu bhAva meM jJAtA upayogayukta hotA hai| vaha bhI jJa aura pratyAkhyAna parijJA ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI hai| isake pazcAt saMjJA aura usake bhedoM kA tathA dizAoM ke dravya aura bhAva bheda kiye haiN| bhAvadizA ke aThAraha prakAra haiM-cAra prakAra ke manuSya (samarchanaja, karmabhUmija, akarmabhUmija, antaradvIpaja), cAra prakAra ke tiryaMca (dvIndriya, zrIndriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya) cAra prakAra ke kAya (pRthvI, apa, tejas, vAyu), cAra prakAra ke bIja (agra, mUla, skandha, parva), deva aura nAraka / jIva ina aThAraha bhAvoM se sahita hotA hai ataH unheM bhAvadizAe~ kahA gayA hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM pRthvI Adi kA nikSepa paddhati se vicAra kiyA hai aura unake vividha bheda-prabhedoM kI carcAeM kI gaI haiN| jaise mAnava ke aMga

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450 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pratyaMga kA chedana karane se use apAra vedanA hotI hai usI prakAra pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM kA chedana-bhedana karane se unheM bhI vedanA hotI hai / badha kRta, kArita aura anumodita rUpa se tIna prakAra kA hai| zramaNa na svayaM hiMsA karatA hai, na karavAtA hai aura na anumodana hI karatA hai| isI prakAra apakAya, tejaskAya, vanaspatikAya, trasakAya aura vAyukAya ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma lokavijaya hai| loka aura vijaya ye do pada haiN| loka kA ATha prakAra ke nikSepa se aura vijaya kA chaha prakAra ke nikSepa se vicAra kiyA hai| bhAvaloka kA artha kaSAya hai| kaSAyavijaya hI lokavijaya hai| tRtIya adhyayana zItoSNIya hai| zIta aura uSNa padoM kA nAma Adi nikSepoM se cintana kiyA hai| strI parISaha aura satkAra parISaha ye do parISaha zIta haiM zeSa bIsa uSNa parISaha haiN| isameM bhAvasupta ke doSoM para cintana kara usake du:khoM para vicAra kiyA hai| kevala duHkha sahane se koI bhI zramaNa nahIM bana sakatA, zramaNa kI kriyA karane se hI zramaNa banatA hai| saMyama kI sAdhanA se hI karmakSaya hokara mukti prApta hotI hai| caturtha adhyayana meM samyaktva kA nirUpaNa hai| cAra uddezakoM meM kramazaH samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyaktapa aura samyakacAritra kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / darzana aura cAritra ke aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika ye tIna bheda haiM / jJAna ke kSAyopazamika aura kSAyika ye do bheda haiN| paJcama adhyayana meM 'lokasAra' kA varNana hai| 'loka' aura 'sAra' zabda para bhI nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai| sampUrNa loka kA sAra dharma hai, dharma kA sAra jJAna hai, jJAna kA sAra saMyama hai aura saMyama kA sAra nirvANa hai| ___SaSThama adhyayana kA nAma dhUta ha / vastra Adi kA prakSAlana dravyadhUta hai aura ATha prakAra ke karmoM ko kSaya karanA bhAvadhUta hai| saptama adhyayana meM mahAparijJA kA nirUpaNa hai aura aSTama adhyayana meM vimokSa kA varNana hai| vimokSa kA nAma Adi chaha prakAra ke nikSepoM se cintana kiyA hai| bhAvavimokSa dezavimokSa aura sarvavimokSa rUpa se do prakAra kA hai / zramaNa dezavimukta hotA hai aura siddha sarvavimukta haiN|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 451 navam adhyayana meM upadhAnazruta kA nirUpaNa hai| anya tIrthaMkaroM kA tapaH karma nirupasarga thA kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tapaHkarma sopasarga thaa| upadhAna aura zrata para bhI nikSepa dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai / takiyA dravyaupadhAna hai, tapa aura cAritra yaha bhAvaupadhAna haiN| jaise malina vastra udakAdika dravyoM se sApha hotA hai vaise hI bhAvaupadhAna se aSTa prakAra ke karma naSTa hokara AtmA zuddha hotA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha prathama zrutaskandha meM jina viSayoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai, una viSayoM ke sambandha meM jo kucha avazeSa raha gayA usakA varNana dvitIya zrutaskandha meM hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha ko agrazrutaskandha bhI kahA hai| agra zabda para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana karate hue usake ATha prakAra batAye haiM-(1) dravyAgra, (2) avagAhanAgra (3) AdezAgra, (4) kAlAgra, (5) kramAna, (6) gaNanAgra, (7) saMcayAgra, (8) bhaavaagr| bhAvAna ke bhI pradhAnAgra, prabhUtAna aura upakArAgra ye tIna bheda haiM / yahA~ para upakArAgra kA varNana hai| prathama cUlikA ke sAta adhyayana haiN| unakI nAmAdi nikSepa se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| dvitIya saptasaptikA, tRtIya bhAvanA aura caturtha vimukti cUlikA kI bhI vizeSa vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| pAMcavIM nizItha cUlikA kI vyAkhyA 'maiM bAda meM karUMgA' yaha sUcana kiyA gayA hai| isameM balgumatI aura gautama nAma ke naimittika kI kathA AtI hai| sUtrakRtAGganiyukti prArambha meM 'sUtrakRtAGga' zabda kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isameM bhI aneka padoM kI nikSepa-paddhati se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| pandraha prakAra ke parama adhArmika devoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| ye narakavAsiyoM ko vividha yAtanAeM dete haiN| isameM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vainayika ye cAra mukhya bheda batAkara kramaza: eka sau assI, caurAsI, sar3asaTha aura battIsa bheda kiye haiN| isa prakAra tIna sau tresaTha matAntaroM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ziSya aura guru ke bheda-prabhedoM para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI gAthA, SoDaza zruta, skandha, puruSa, vibhakti, samAdhi, mArga, AdAna, grahaNa, adhyayana, puNDarIka, AhAra, pratyAkhyAna, sUtra, Ardra Adi zabdoM para nAma Adi nikSepoM se cintana kiyA gayA hai| ArdrakakUmAra kI kathA dI gaI hai| anta meM nAlandA zabda para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA arrafor prathama zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai phira daza adhyayanoM ke adhikAroM kA varNana hai| prathama asamAdhisthAna meM dravya aura bhAva samAdhi ke sambandha meM cintana kara, sthAna ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, addhA, Urdhva, caryA, vasati, saMyama, pragraha, yodha, acala, gaNana, saMsthAna, (saMghANa) aura bhAva ina pandraha nikSepoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya adhyayana meM zavala kA nAma Adi cAra nikSepa se vicAra kiyA hai| tRtIya adhyayana meM AzAtanA kA vizleSaNa hai| caturtha adhyayana meM 'gaNa' aura 'sampadA' para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki gaNi aura guNI ye donoM ekArthaka haiN| AcAra hI prathama gaNisthAna hai / sampadA ke dravya aura bhAva ye do bheda haiN| zarIra dravyasampadA hai aura AcAra bhAvasampadA hai / paJcama adhyayana meM cittasamAdhi kA nikSepa kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| samAdhi ke cAra prakAra haiN| jaba citta rAga-dveSa se mukta hotA hai, prazasta dhyAna meM tallIna hotA hai taba bhAvasamAdhi hotI hai / SaSThama adhyayana meM upAsaka aura pratimA para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai / upAsaka ke dravyopAsaka, tadarthopAsaka, mohopAsaka aura bhAvopAsaka ye cAra prakAra haiN| bhAvopAsaka vahI ho sakatA hai jisakA jIvana samyagdarzana ke Aloka se jagamagA rahA ho / yahA~ para zramaNopAsaka kI ekAdaza pratimAoM kA nirUpaNa hai| saptama adhyayana meM zramaNa pratimAoM para cintana karate hue bhAvazramaNa pratimA ke samAdhipratimA, upadhAnapratimA, vivekapratimA, pratisaMlInapratimA aura vivekapratimA ye pA~ca prakAra batAye haiM / aSTama adhyayana meM paryuSaNA kalpa para cintana kara parivasanA, paryuSaNA, paryupazamanA, varSAvAsa, prathama samavasaraNa, sthApanA aura jyeSThagraha ko paryAyavAcI batAyA hai | zramaNa varSAvAsa meM eka sthAna para sthita rahatA hai aura ATha mAha taka vaha paribhramaNa karatA hai| navama adhyayana meM mohanIyasthAna para vicAra kara usake pApa, varNya, vaira, paMka, panaka, kSobha, asAta, saMga, zalya, aMtara, nirati, dhUrtya ye moha ke paryAyavAcI batAye gae haiN| dazama adhyayana meM janma-maraNa ke mUla kAraNoM para cintana kara usase mukta hone kA upAya batAyA gayA hai| bRhatkalpaniyukti sarvaprathama tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra kara jJAna ke vividha bhedoM para cintana kara isa bAta para prakAza DAlA hai ki jJAna aura maMgala meM kathaMcit abheda 452

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 453 hai| anuyoga para nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, vacana aura bhAva ina sAta nikSepoM se cintana kiyA hai| jo pazcAdbhUta yoga hai vaha anuyoga hai athavA jo stoka rUpa yoga hai vaha anuyoga hai| kalpa ke upakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya ye cAra anuyogadvAra haiN| kalpa aura vyavahAra kA adhyayana cintana karane vAlA medhAvI santa bahuzruta, cirapravajita, kalpika, acaMcala, avasthita, aparizrAvI, vijJa, prAptAnujJAta aura bhAvapariNAmaka hotA hai| isameM tAla-pralamba kA vistAra se varNana hai aura usake grahaNa karane para prAyazcitta kA bhI vidhAna hai| grAma, nagara, kheDa, karbaTaka, maDamba, pattana, Akara, droNamukha, nigama, rAjadhAnI, Azrama, niveza, saMbAdha, ghoSa, aMzikA Adi padoM para bhI nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai| jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpika para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| Arya pada para vicAra karate hue nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, jAti, kula, karma, bhASA, zilpa, jJAna, darzana, cAritra-ina bAraha nikSepoM se cintana kiyA hai| Arya kSetra meM vicaraNa karane se jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| anArya kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane se aneka doSoM ke lagane kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| skandakAcArya ke dRSTAMta ko dekara isa tathya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI jJAnadarzanacAritra kI vRddhi hetu anArya kSetra meM vicaraNa karane kA Adeza diyA hai aura usake lie rAjA samprati kA dRSTAnta bhI diyA gayA hai| zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra, AhAra-vihAra kA saMkSepa meM bahuta hI sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| sarvatra nikSepa-paddhati se vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| yaha niyukti svatantra na rahakara bRhatkalpabhASya meM mizrita ho gaI hai| vyavahAraniyukti bRhatkalpa meM zramaNa-jIvana kI sAdhanA kA jo zabda-citra prastuta kiyA gayA-utsarga aura apavAda kA jo vivecana kiyA gayA hai, unhIM viSayoM para vyavahAraniyukti meM bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| kalpa aura vyavahAra kA nie kti paraspara zailI, bhAva aura bhASA kI dRSTi se bahuta kucha milatIjUlatI haiN| donoM meM sAdhanA ke tathya va siddhAnta prAyaH samAna haiN| yaha niyukti bhI bhASya meM vilIna ho cukI hai| 'kAhA

Page #483
454 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA saMsaktaniyukti yaha niyukti kisa Agama para likhI gaI hai, isa sambandha meM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| kitane hI vidvAna ise bhadra bAha kI racanA mAnate haiM, to kitane hI vidvAnoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki bhadrabAhu ke bAda meM hue kisI AcArya kI racanA hai| caurAsI AgamoM meM isakA ullekha hai| __ nizIthaniyukti isameM sUtra-gata zabdoM kI vyAkhyA nikSepa paddhati se kI gaI hai| yaha niyakti bhI bhASya meM mila gaI hai| jahAM para cUrNikAra saMketa karate haiM vahIM para yaha patA calatA hai ki yaha niyukti kI gAthA hai aura yaha bhASya kI gAthA hai| isameM bhI mukhya rUpa se zramaNAcAra kA hI nirUpaNa huA hai| govindaniyukti prastuta niyukti ko darzanazAstra bhI kahA jAtA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki darzana sambandhI tathyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hogaa| AcArya govinda ne ekendriya jIvoM kI saMsiddhi ke lie isakA nirmANa kiyA thaa| yaha kisI eka Agama para na hokara sarvatantra svatantra racanA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya, AvazyakacUNi va nizIthacUrNi meM isakA ullekha milatA hai, para yaha niyukti vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| ArAdhanA niyukti yaha niyukti vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| caurAsI AgamoM meM 'ArAdhanApatAkA' nAma kA eka Agama hai| sambhava hai yaha niyukti usI para ho / mUlAcAra meM vaTTakera ne isa niyukti kA ullekha kiyA hai| RSibhASita caurAsI AgamoM meM RSibhASita kA bhI nAma hai| pratyekabuddhoM dvArA bhASita hone se yaha RSibhASita ke nAma se vizruta hai| isa para bhI bhadrabAhu ne niyukti likhI thI, para vaha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| sUryaprajJapti-niyukti yaha niyukti bhI vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai para AcArya malayagiri kI vRtti meM isakA nAma nirdeza huA hai| isameM sUrya kI gati Adi tathA jyotiSazAstra sambandhI tathyoM kA bahuta hI sundara nirUpaNa huA hai|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 455 upasaMhAra jaina paramparA ke mahattvapUrNa viziSTa zabdoM kI spaSTa vyAkhyA jo niyukti sAhitya meM huI hai vaha apUrva hai| unhIM vyAkhyAoM ke AdhAra para bAda meM bhASyakAra, cUrNikAra aura vRttikAroM ne apane granthoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| niyuktiyoM kI racanA karake bhadrabAha ne jaina sAhitya kI jo sevA kI vaha sadA amara rhegii|

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bhASya-sAhitya : eka cintana - bhASya evaM bhASyakAra vizeSAvazyakabhASya dazavakAlikabhASya uttarAdhyayanabhASya bahatkalpabhASya paMcakalpabhASya vyavahArabhASya nizIthabhASya D jItakalpabhASya 0 odhaniyuktibhASya . piMDaniyuktibhASya

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bhASya-sAhitya : eka cintana niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyA zailI atyanta gUr3ha va saMkSipta thii| unameM viSaya-vistAra kA abhAva thaa| unakA mukhya lakSya pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karanA thaa| niyuktiyoM ke gaMbhIra rahasyoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie vistAra se niyuktiyoM ke samAna hI prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyAtmaka vyAkhyAe~ likhI gaIM ve bhASya ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| niyuktiyoM ke zabdoM meM chipe hue artha-bAhulya ko abhivyakta karane kA zreya sarvaprathama bhASyakAroM ko hai| bhASyoM meM aneka sthaloM para mAgadhI aura zaurasenI ke prayoga bhI dRSTigocara hote haiN| mukhya chanda AryA hai / bhASya sAhitya meM aneka prAcIna anuzrutiyAM, laukika kathAe~ aura paramparAgata zramaNoM ke AcAravicAra kI vidhiyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jaise pratyeka Agama grantha para niyuktiyA~ nahIM likhI gaI vaise hI pratyeka niyukti para bhI bhASya nahIM likhA gyaa| kucha bhASya niyuktiyoM para aura kucha bhASya mUlasUtroM para likhe gaye haiM / nimna Agama-granthoM para bhASya upalabdha hote haiM(1) Avazyaka (6) vyavahAra (2) dazavakAlika (7) nizItha (3) uttarAdhyayana (8) jItakalpa (4) bRhatkalpa (8) odhaniyukti (5) paMcakalpa (10) piNDaniyukta bhASyakAroM meM jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa aura saMghadAsagaNI ye do mUrdhanya haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura jItakalpabhASya ke racayitA jinabhadra haiM evaM bRhatkalpalaghubhASya, paMcakalpamahAbhASya ke nirmAtA saMghadAsagaNI haiN| vyavahArabhASya aura bRhatkalpabRhadbhASya ke racayitA AcAryoM kA nAma abhI taka jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| cintakoM kA aisA mAnanA hai ki ina donoM bhASyoM ke racayitA anya AcArya hone cAhie / bRhadbhASya ke lekhaka bRhatkalpacUrNikAra aura bRhatkalpavizeSacUrNikAra ke bAda meM hae

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458 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki ye AcArya haribhadra ke samakAlIna yA usase kucha samaya pahale hue hoN| vyavahArabhASya ke nirmAtA AcArya jinabhadra se pUrva hone caahie| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kA eka viziSTa mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| unakI janmasthalI, mAtA-pitA Adi ke sambandha meM kucha bhI sAmagrI prApta nahIM ho sakI hai| mUrdhanya manISiyoM kA aisA abhimata hai ki unheM apane jIvana kAla meM koI viziSTa aura mahattvapUrNa sthAna nahIM milA thaa| unake svargastha hone ke pazcAt unakI mahanIya maulika kRtiyA~ dekhakara sadguNagrAhI AcAryoM ne AcArya paramparA meM unheM zIrSastha sthAna denA cAhA, para satyatathya ke abhAva meM una vibhinna AcAryoM ke vibhinna mata milate haiN| yahA~ taka ki paraspara virodhI ullekha bhI prApta hote haiN| Azcarya to yaha hai ki pandrahavIM-solahavIM zatAbdI meM nirmita par3AvaliyoM meM unheM AcArya haribhadra kA paTTadhara ziSya likhA hai jabaki AcArya haribhadra jinabhadra se sau varSa ke pazcAt hue haiN| valabhI ke jaina bhaNDAra meM zaka saM0 531 meM likhI huI vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI eka prati prApta huI hai jisase yaha anumAna hotA hai ki jinabhadra kA valabhI ke sAtha kucha na kucha sambandha avazya hI rahA hogaa| AcArya jinaprabha ne vividhatIrthakalpa meM likhA hai ki jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne pandraha dina taka tapa-sAdhanA kara mathurA meM deva nirmita stUpa ke deva kI ArAdhanA kI aura usa deva kI sahAyatA se dImakoM dvArA naSTa kiye gaye mahAnizIthasUtra kA uddhAra kiyaa| isase bhI parijJAta hotA hai ki unakA sambandha mathurA se bhI thaa| DA. umAkAnta premAnanda zAha ko aMkoTTaka-akoTA grAma meM aisI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM, jina para yaha likhA hai 'OM devadharmoyaM nivRtikule jinabhadra vAcanAryasya' evaM 'OM nivRtikule jinabhadra vAcanAcAryasya' / ina utkIrNoM meM jinabhadra ko nivRti kUla kA aura vAcanAcArya likhA hai / gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA meM paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne 1 vividhatIrthakalpa, pR0 16 2 jaina satyaprakAza, aMka 166

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 456 likhA hai ki "prArambha meM 'vAcaka' zabda zAstra vizArada ke lie pracalita thA para jaba vAcakoM meM kSamAzramaNoM kI saMkhyA meM abhivRddhi hotI gaI taba 'kSamAzramaNa' zabda bhI vAcaka ke paryAya ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hone lgaa| athavA 'kSamAzramaNa' zabda AvazyakasUtra ke sAmAnya guru ke artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai| isalie sambhava hai ki ziSya vidyAguru ko kSamAzramaNa ke nAma pukAratA rahA ho / ataH kSamAzramaNa aura vAcaka ye ekArthaka bana gye| jaina samAja meM jaba vAdiyoM ko pratiSThA prApta huI taba zAstra vizArada hone ke kAraNa vAcakoM ko 'vAdI' kahA hogA aura kucha samaya ke pazcAt vAdI vAcaka kA hI paryAyavAcI bana gyaa| AcArya siddhasena ko zAstra-vizArada hone se divAkara kI upAdhi pradAna kI gii| ataH vAcaka kA paryAyavAcI divAkara bhI hai| AcArya jinabhadra kA yuga kSamAzramaNoM kA yuga thA ata: unake pazcAt ke lekhakoM ne unake lie bAcanAcArya ke sthAna para kSamAzramaNa zabda kA prayoga kiyA ho|" isa taraha vAcaka, vAcanAcArya, kSamAzramaNa prabhRti zabda eka hI artha ke dyotaka haiN| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa nivRti kula ke the / nivRti kula ke udbhava ke sambandha meM par3hAbaliyoM meM likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke satrahaveM paTTa para AcArya vajrasena hue| unake upadeza se prabhAvita hokara jinadatta (jinadAsa) ke nAgendra, candra, nivRti aura vidyAdhara ina cAra putroM ne AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kI, unhIM ke nAma se cAra mukhya kula pracalita hue| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ke jIvana ke sambandha meM ina tathyoM ke atirikta anya koI bhI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hotii| jItakalpaNi meM siddhasenagaNI ne jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ke guNoM kA utkIrtana isa prakAra kiyA hai jo anuyogadhara, yugapradhAna, pradhAna jJAniyoM se bahumata, sarvazruti 1 gaNadharavAda prastAvanA, pR0 31 2 (ka) nAgendra, candra, nivRti, vidyAdharAkhyAna caturaH sakuTambAn ibhyaputrAn pravAjitakAnatebhyazca sva-sva nAmAMkitAni catvAri kulAni saMjAtAnIti / -tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, bhAga 1, svopajJavRtti-40 kalyANavijayajI, pR071 (kha) jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaNDa 2, a04, pR0 10 (ga) jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0666

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46. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aura zAstra meM kuzala tathA darzana-jJAnopayoga ke mArga-darzaka haiN| jisa prakAra kamala kI sumadhura saurabha se AkarSita hokara bhramara kamala kI upAsanA karate haiM usI prakAra jJAnarUpa makaraMda ke pipAsu zramaNa jinake mukharUpa nirjhara se pravAhita jJAnarUpa amRta kA sarvathA sevana karate haiN| svasamaya tathA para-samaya ke Agama, lipi, gaNita, chanda aura zabdazAstroM para kiye gaye vyAkhyAnoM se nirmita jinakA anupama yaza-paTaha dasoM dizAoM meM baja rahA hai| jinhoMne apanI anupama buddhi ke prabhAva se jJAna, jJAnI, hetu, pramANa tathA gaNadharavAda kA savizeSa vivecana vizeSAvazyakabhASya grantha meM nibaddha kiyA hai| jinhoMne chedasUtroM ke artha ke AdhAra para puruSa vizeSa ke pRthakkaraNa ke anusAra prAyazcitta kI vidhi kA vidhAna karane vAle jItakalpasUtra kI racanA kI hai| aise para-samaya ke siddhAntoM meM nipuNa saMyamazIla zramaNoM ke mArga ke anugAmI aura kSamAzramaNoM meM nidhAnabhUta jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ko namaskAra ho / prastuta varNana se yaha spaSTa hai ki jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa Agama sAhitya ke eka marmajJa vidvAna the| unake lie bAda ke AcAryoM ne aneka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| jaisalamera bhaNDAra se purAtattvavettA munizrI jinavijayajI ko vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI eka prati prApta huI, usa prati ke anta meM ye do gAthAe~ haiM paMcasatA igatIsA sagaNiva kAlassa vaTTamANassa / to cettapuNNimAe budhadiNa sAtimi Nakkhate / / rajje Na pAlaNapare sI (lAi) ccammi paravarindammi / valabhINagarIe imaM mahavi"......mi jiNabhavaNe // ina gAthAoM ke AdhAra se munijI ne bhASya kA racanAkAla vikrama saM0 666 mAnA hai| ina gAthAoM kA artha isa prakAra hai-zaka saMvat 531 (vikrama saM0666) meM valabhI meM jisa samaya zIlAditya rAjya karatA thA, usa samaya caitra zuklA pUrNimA, budhavAra aura svAti nakSatra meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI racanA pUrNa huii| paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA muni jinavijayajI ke prastuta kathana se 1 jItakalpacUrNi, gA0 5-10

Page #490
AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 461 sahamata nahIM haiN| unakA yaha spaSTa mantavya hai ki uparyukta gAthAoM meM racanA ke sambandha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA ullekha nahIM hai| yadi hama khaNDita akSaroM ko kisI mandira vizeSa kA nAma mAnaleM to ina gAthAoM meM koI bhI kriyApada nahIM rahatA hai ataH nizcita rUpa se nahIM kaha sakate ki isakI racanA zaka saM0 531 meM hI huii| yaha adhika saMbhava hai ki usa samaya yaha prati likhakara kisI mandira ko bheMTa kI gaI ho, kyoMki ye gAthAe~ jaisalamera kI prati ke atirikta anya kisI bhI prAcIna prati meM upalabdha nahIM hai / yadi ye gAthAeM mUla bhASya kI hotIM to anya sabhI pratiyoM meM honI cAhie thIM / yadi ina gAthAoM ko racanAkAla sUcaka mAneM to yaha bhI mAnanA cAhie ki inakI racanA jinabhadra ne kii| yadi jinabhadra ne kI hai to inakI TIkAeM bhI milanI cAhie / koTyAcArya aura maladhArI hemacandra kI vizeSAvazyaka kI TIkAoM meM ina gAthAoM para koI TIkA nahIM hai aura na una TIkA granthoM meM ye gAthAe~ hI haiN| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki ina gAthAoM meM jo samaya batAyA gayA hai vaha racanA kA nahIM apitu prati ke lekhana kA hai 12 vizeSAvazyaka kI jaisalamera kI prati ke AdhAra se usakA lekhana zaka saMvat 531 arthAt vikrama saM 666 hai to isakA racanA samaya isase pahale kA honA caahie| vizeSAvazyakabhASya AcArya jinabhadra kI antima racanA hai| unhoMne isa para svopajJa vRtti bhI likhanA prArambha kiyA thA kintu pUrNa hone ke pahale hI unakA AyuSya pUrNa ho gayA jisase vaha apUrNa hI raha gii| isa prakAra jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kA uttarakAla vikrama saM0 650-660 ke Asa-pAsa honA caahie| AcArya jinabhadra kI nimna 6 racanAe~ prApta hotI haiM (1) vizeSAvazyakabhASya - prAkRta padya meM (2) vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJavRtti-apUrNa saMskRta gadya (3) bRhatsaMgrahaNI -- prAkRta padya (4) bRhatkSetra samAsa - prAkRta padya (5) vizeSaNavatI - prAkRta padya (6) jItakalpa-prAkRta padya 1 gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA, pR0 32-33 2 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pU0 135

Page #491
462 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (7) jItakalpabhASya-prAkRta padya (8) anuyogadvAracUNi-prAkRta gadya (8) dhyAnazataka-prAkRta padya dhyAnazataka ke sambandha meM vijJoM meM ekamata nahIM hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya vizeSAvazyakabhASya jinadAsagaNI kI eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa racanA hai / AvazyakasUtra para tIna bhASya likhe gaye haiM-(1) mUlabhASya, (2) bhASya aura (3) vizeSAvazyakabhASya / pahale ke do bhASya bahuta hI saMkSepa meM likhe gaye haiM, aura unakI bahuta sI gAthAeM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM mila gaI haiM ataH vizeSAvazyakabhASya tInoM bhASyoM kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA hai| yaha bhASya kevala prathama adhyayana sAmAyika para hai| isameM 3603 gAthAeM haiN| prastuta bhASya meM jaina Agama sAhitya meM varNita jitane bhI mahattvapUrNa viSaya haiM una sabhI para cintana kiyA gayA hai / jJAnavAda, pramANavAda, AcAra, nIti, syAdvAda, nayavAda, karmasiddhAnta para virATa sAmagrI kA saMkalanaAkalana kiyA gayA hai| isakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki jaina dArzanika siddhAntoM kI tulanA anya dArzanika vicAradhArAoM ke sAtha kI gaI hai| isameM jaina Agama sAhitya kI mAnyatAoM kA tArkika dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| Agama ke gahana rahasyoM ko samajhane ke lie yaha bhASya atyadhika upayogI hai| paravartI AcAryoM ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI vicAra sAmagrI aura zailI kA apane granthoM meM upayoga kiyA hai| sarvaprathama pravacana ko namaskAra kiyA hai| usake pazcAt Avazyaka ke phala ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue likhA hai ki jJAna aura kriyA donoM se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / Avazyaka svayaM jJAna-kriyA-maya hai usase siddhi saMprApta hotI hai| jaise kuzala vaidya bAlaka ke lie yogya AhAra kI anumati detA hai vaise hI bhagavAna ne sAdhakoM ke lie Avazyaka kI anumati pradAna kI hai| zreSTha kArya meM vividha vighna upasthita hote haiN| unakI zAnti ke lie maMgala kA vidhAna hai / grantha meM maMgala tIna sthAnoM para hotA hai| Adi maMgala avighnapUrvaka grantha samApti ke lie hai| madhya maMgala prayojana kI sthiratA ke lie hai aura anta maMgala ziSya-praziSya Adi vaMza paramparA taka calatA rahe usake lie kiyA jAtA hai| maMgala vaha hai jisase hita kI siddhi hotI

Page #492
AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya ho / athavA maMgala vaha hai jo dharma kA samAdAna karAtA ho| maMgala zabda para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| jJAna bhAvamaMgala hai ata: pA~ca jJAnoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / pAMca jJAnoM meM mati aura zruta ye do jJAna parokSa haiM aura avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevala ye tIna pratyakSa haiN| yahA~ para 'akSa' zabda kA artha jIva hai / jo jJAna sIdhA jIva se utpanna hotA hai vaha pratyakSa hai| jo jJAna dravyaindriya aura dravyamana kI sahAyatA se hotA hai vaha parokSa hai| jo indriya, mana ko akSa mAnate haiM aura unase samutpanna jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnate haiM, yaha ucita nahIM hai kyoMki indriyA~ bhI ghaTa Adi kI taraha acetana haiN| unase kisa prakAra jJAna utpanna ho sakatA hai / jo jJAna anumAna Adi se utpanna hotA hai vaha parokSa hI hai| matijJAna-zrutajJAna ke sambandha meM vistAra se carcA karate hue likhA hai-jo jJAna indriya manonimittaka va zrutAnusArI hai vaha bhAvazruta hai aura zeSa mati hai| matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke bheda-prabhedoM ke sAtha tAkika dRSTi se isa sambandha meM cintana kiyA hai| avagraha eka samaya paryanta rahatA hai| IhA aura avAya antamuhUrta taka rahatA hai aura dhAraNA antarmuharta va saMkhyeya-asaMkhyeya kAla taka rahatI hai| prastuta prasaMga meM bhASA, zarIra, samudghAta prabhRti viSayoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zrutajJAna para cintana karate hue likhA hai ki loka meM jitane bhI akSara haiM usake utane hI saMyoga hote haiM, utanI hI zrutajJAna kI prakRtiyA~ hotI haiN| saMyukta aura asaMyukta ekAkSaroM ke ananta saMyoga hote haiM aura unameM se pratyeka saMyoga ke ananta paryAya hote haiN| akSara, anakSara, saMjJI, asaMjJI, samyaka, asamyaka, sAdika, anAdika, saparyavasita, aparyavasita, gamika, agamika, aMgapraviSTa, aMgabAhya-ina caudaha prakAra ke nikSepoM se zrutajJAna para vicAra kiyA hai aura sAtha hI unake bheda-prabhedoM para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| avadhijJAna ke bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya ye do mukhya bheda haiN| una para caudaha prakAra ke nikSepoM kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai / nAraka aura deva ke jIvoM ko usa sthAna meM janma lete hI avadhijJAna ho jAtA hai| jaise pakSiyoM 1 'maMgyate'dhigamyate yena hitaM tena maMgalaM mavati' athavA 'maMgo dharmastaM lAti taka smaadtte'|

Page #493
464 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ke bacce janma lete hI ur3ane ke svabhAva vAle hote haiM vaise hI bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna vAle hote haiM / kintu manuSya aura tiryaMca meM kSayopazama ke kAraNa avadhijJAna utpanna hotA hai / manaH paryavajJAna meM mAnava ke antarmAnasa meM jo cintana calatA hai usakA use pratyakSa hotA hai / arthAt manaHparyavajJAnI cintita manodravya ko to pratyakSa dekhatA hai kintu usameM pratibhAsita bAhya padArtha ko anumAna se jAnatA hai manaH paryavajJAna zramaNa ko hI hotA hai| kevalajJAna sarvadravya aura sarva paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / samudAyArtha dvAra meM batAyA hai ki mati, avadhi, manaH paryava va kevalajJAna parabodha meM asamartha haiM kintu zrutajJAna jagamagAte hue dIpaka kI taraha svaprakAzana va parabodhana meM samartha hai ataH usI kA anuyoga yahA~ para vivakSita hai| Avazyaka kA adhikAra zrutarUpa hai| Avazyaka para nAma Adi nikSepoM se cintana kiyA gayA hai / dravyaAvazyaka Agama aura noAgama rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| adhikAkSara pATha ke lie rAjaputra kuNAla kA udAharaNa diyA hai| hInAkSara pATha ke lie vidyAdhara kA udAharaNa diyA hai| ubhaya ke lie bAla aura Atura ke lie atimAtrA meM bhojana aura bheSaja - viparyaya ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiM / lokottara noAgama rUpa dravyAvazyaka ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane ke lie sAdhvAbhAsa kA dRSTAnta dekara samajhAyA hai / bhAvaAvazyaka bhI Agama rUpa aura noAgama rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| Avazyaka ke artha kA jo upayoga rUpa pariNAma hai vaha Agama rUpa bhAvAvazyaka hai| jJAnakriyA ubhaya rUpa jo pariNAma hai vaha noAgama rUpa bhAvAvazyaka hai / SaDAvazyaka ke paryAya aura usake arthAdhikAra para vicAra kiyA hai| sAmAyika para cintana karate hue kahA hai-samabhAva hI sAmAyika kA lakSaNa hai / jaise ananta AkAza sabhI dravyoM kA AdhAra hai vaise hI sabhI sadguNoM kA AdhAra sAmAyika hai / sAmAyika ke darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ye tIna bheda haiN| kisI mahAnagara meM praveza ke lie aneka dvAra hote haiM vaise hI sAmAyika adhyayana ke upakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya ye cAra dvAra haiM / ina cAroM dvAroM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt upodghAta hai| tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| tIrtha kI paribhASAeM kI gaI haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke parAkrama, jJAna, gati Adi viSayoM para prakAza DAlA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra va gaNadharoM ko namaskAra kara

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 465 niyukti kI paribhASA isa prakAra prastuta kI ki sUtra ke nizcita artha kI vyAkhyA karanA niyukti hai| jina arthabhASaka haiM, gaNadhara sUtra racayitA haiN| zAsana ke hitArtha satra kI pravRtti hai| sUtra meM artha-vistAra vizeSa hai ata: vaha mahArtha hai| sAmAyika zruta kA sAra cAritra hai| cAritra hI mukti kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai| jJAna se vastu kA yathArtha parijJAna hone se cAritra kI vizuddhi hotI hai| kevalajJAna hone para bhI jIva mukta nahIM hotA jaba taka use sarvasaMvara kA lAbha na ho jAye / cAritra hI mokSa kA mukhya hetu hai| sAmAyika kA lAbha jIva ko kaba upalabdha hotA hai isa para cintana karate hue likhA hai ki AThoM karma prakRtiyoM kI utkRSTa sthiti ke rahate hae jIva ko sAmAyika kA lAbha nahIM ho sktaa| nAma-gotra kI utkRSTa sthiti bIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai| mohanIya kI sattara koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya aura antarAya kI tIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai| Ayukarma kI tetIsa sAgaropama hai| mohanIyakarma kI utkRSTa sthiti kA baMdha hone para jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, nAma, gotra aura antarAya karma kI utkRSTa sthiti baMdhatI hai| kintu Ayukarma kI sthiti ke lie nizcita niyama nahIM hai, utkRSTa aura madhyama kisI bhI prakAra kI sthiti ba~dha sakatI hai para jaghanya sthiti nahIM bNdhtii| mohanIya ke atirikta jJAnAvaraNAdi kisI bhI karma kI utkRSTa sthiti kA baMdha hone para mohanIya yA anya karma kI utkRSTa yA madhyama sthiti kA baMdha hotA hai kintu Ayukarma kI jaghanya sthiti bhI baMdha sakatI hai| samyaktva, zruta, dezavrata aura sarvavrata ina cAra sAmAyikoM meM se jisane utkRSTa karmasthiti kA baMdha kiyA hai vaha eka bhI sAmAyika ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA, kintu use pUrvapratipanna vikalpa se hotI bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotI hai, jaise anuttaravimAnavAsI deva meM pUrva-pratipanna samyaktva zruta hote haiM, zeSa meM nhiiN| jinakI jJAnAvaraNAdi kI jaghanya sthiti hai unako bhI ina cAra sAmAyikoM meM se eka kA bhI lAbha nahIM hotA kyoMki use pahale hI prApta ho gaI hai ata: puna: prApta karane kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotaa| Ayukarma kI jaghanya sthiti vAle ko na yaha pahale prApta hotI hai aura na vaha prApta hI kara sakatA hai| isake pazcAt samyaktva prApti ke kAraNoM para cintana karate hue granthibheda kA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA hai| Ayukarma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karmoM

Page #495
466 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kI sthiti dezanyUna koTAkoTI sAgaropama kI avazeSa rahatI hai taba AtmA samyaktva ke abhimukha hotA hai, use samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai, usameM se palyopama pRthaktva kA kSaya hone para dezavirati zrAvakatva kI prApti hotI hai / usameM se bhI saMkhyAta sAgaropama kA kSaya hone para sarvavirati cAritra kI upalabdhi hotI hai / usameM se saMkhyAta sAgaropama kA kSaya hone para upazamazreNI prApta hotI hai / usameM se bhI saMkhyAta sAgaropama kA kSaya hone para kSapakazreNI prApta hotI hai| kaSAya ke udaya ke kAraNa darzana Adi sAmAyika prApta nahIM ho sakatI / yadi kadAcit prApta bhI ho gayI hai to vaha punaH naSTa ho jAtI hai / kaSAya meM kaS aura Aya ye do zabda haiN| jisase karmoM kA lAbha ho vaha kaSAya hai / anantAnubandhI catuSka, apratyAkhyAnI catuSka, pratyAkhyAnI catuSka ina bAraha prakAra ke kaSAyoM kA kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama hone se cAritra kI prApti hotI hai| prathama cAritra sAmAyika hai| sAmAyika meM sAvadyayoga kA tyAga hotA hai / vaha itvara aura yAvatkathika ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI hai / itvara sAmAyika alpakAlIna hotI hai aura yAvatkathika jIvana paryanta ke lie hotI hai| bhASyakAra ne sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasamparAya aura yathAkhyAta cAritra kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai / sAmAyikacAritra kA uddeza, nirdeza, nirgama kSetra, kAla, puruSa, kAraNa, pratyaya, lakSaNa, naya, samavatAra, anumata, kim, katividhi, kasya, kutra, keSu katham, kiyaccira, kati sAntara, avirahita, bhava, AkarSa, sparzana aura nirukti- ina chabbIsa dvAroM se varNana kiyA hai| sAmAyika sambandhI jitanI bhI mahattvapUrNa bAteM haiM ve sabhI ina dvAroM meM samAviSTa ho gaI haiM / tRtIya nirgama dvAra meM sAmAyika kI utpatti ke sambandha meM vicAra karate hue AcArya ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadharoM kI carcA kI hai| gyAraha gaNadharoM ke nAma ye haiM- indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, vyakta, sudharmA, mADika, mauryaputra, akaMpita, acalabhrAtA, metArya aura prabhAsa / ye sabhI vedoM ke pAraMgata vidvAna the| unhoMne bhagavAna se nimna viSayoM para carcAe~ kIM AtmA kA svataMtra astitva, karma kI sattA, AtmA aura deha kA bheda, zUnyavAda kA nirasana, ihaloka aura paraloka kI vicitratA, baMdha aura mokSa kA svarUpa, devoM kA astitva, nArakoM kA astitva, puNya-pApa kA svarUpa, para

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 467 loka kA astitva, nirvANa kI siddhi / ' sabhI vijJoM ke saMzaya naSTa hone para ve sabhI apane ziSyoM ke sAtha bhagavAna ke ziSya ho gaye / ve gyAraha hI pramukha ziSya gaNadhara ke nAma se vizruta hue| bhASya meM yaha carcA bahuta hI vistAra se kI gaI hai| sAmAyika ke gyArahaveM dvAra samavatAra para vivecana karate hae AcArya ne caraNakaraNAnuyoga, dharmakathAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga aura dravyAnayoga ke pRthakkaraNa kI carcA kI aura isa bAta para prakAza DAlA ki Arya vana ke pazcAt Arya rakSita ne bhaviSya meM hone vAle zramaNoM kI mati, medhA-dhAraNA kramazaH kama hogI ataH anuyogoM kA pRthakkaraNa kiyaa| unhoMne sUtroM kA nizcita vibhAjana kara diyaa| caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM kAlikazruta rUpa gyAraha aMga mahAkalpazruta aura chedasUtra rakhe / dharmakathAnuyoga meM RSibhASita ko rakhA gyaa| gaNitAnuyoga meM sUrya prajJapti, aura dravyAnuyoga meM dRSTivAda ko rakhA gyaa| usake pazcAt puSyamitra ko AcArya kA mahattvapUrNa pada pradAna kiyaa| jise goSThAmAhila ne apanA apamAna samajhA aura saMgha se pRthaka hokara apanI naI mAnyatAoM kA pracAra prArambha kiyaa| yahI goSThAmAhila saptama nihnava ke rUpa meM vizruta huaa| jamAli, tiSyagupta, ASAr3habhUti, azvamitra, gaMga, rohagupta SaDulUka, goSThAmAhila ina nihnavoM kA varNana niyukti meM bhI AyA hai kintu bhASyakAra ne AThaveM nihnava zivabhUti boTika kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| abhiniveza ke kAraNa Agama-pratipAdita tattva kA paramparA se pratikUla artha karane vAlA nihnava meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| nihnava mithyAdRSTi kA hI eka prakAra hai| binA abhiniveza ke jo sUtrArtha meM vAda-vivAda hotA hai usake kAraNa nihnava nahIM hotA kyoMki usake vAda-vivAda kA lakSya satyatathya kA udghATana hai na ki apane mithyA ahaMkAra kA poSaNa hai| sAmAnya mithyAtvI aura nihnava meM yaha antara hai ki sAmAnya mithyAtvI to jinezvara devoM ke vacanoM ko mAnatA hI nahIM hai, yadi mAnatA bhI hai to unheM mithyA mAnatA hai| kintu nihnava jina pravacana ko mAnatA to hai para apane abhiniveza ke kAraNa kisI eka viSaya kA paramparA ke viruddha artha karatA hai| 1 dekhiye--bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dArzanika carcAe~ : lekhaka-devendra muni

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA prathama nihnava jamAli ne bahurata mata kA prarUpaNa kiyaa| dvitIya nihnava tiSyagupta ne jIva prAdezika mata kA prarUpaNa kiyA / tRtIya nihnava AcArya ASAr3ha dvArA avyaktamata kI saMsthApanA kI gii| caturthaM nihnava azvamitra ne sAmuccheidika vicAradhArA kA pracAra kiyA / paJcama niva gaMga ne eka samaya meM do kriyAoM kA anubhava ho sakatA hai isakA pratipAdana kiyA / SaSTha nihnava rohagupta SaDuluka ne trairAzika mata kA prarUpaNa kiyA / saptama nihnava goSThAmAhila ne kahA- jIva aura karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA kintu sparzamAtra hotA hai ata: usane abaddha siddhAnta kA prarUpaNa kiyA / aSTama nihna boTika dvArA digambara mata pracalita huA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna hone ke 14 varSa pazcAt prathama nilava huA, solaha varSa pazcAt dvitIya nihnava huaa| zeSa nihnava kramaza: mahAvIra nirvANa ke 214, 220, 228,544, 584 aura 606 varSa pazcAt hue / 468 nihnavavAda ke pazcAt sAmAyika ke anumata Adi dvAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt sUtrasparzika niyukti kA vyAkhyAna hai / isameM namaskAra kI utpatti, nikSepa, pada, padArtha, prarUpaNA, vastu, AkSepa, prasiddhi, krama, prayojana aura phala ina gyAraha dvAroM se namaskAra kA vivecana kiyA hai| siddhoM ko namaskAra karate samaya AcArya ne karmasthiti, samudghAta, zailezI avasthA, dhyAna aura usake svarUpa para cintana kiyA hai| siddha kA upayoga sAkAra hai yA nirAkAra hai| sAkAra kA artha jJAna hai aura nirAkAra kA artha darzana hai / sAkAra kA artha savikalpa hai aura nirAkAra kA artha nirvikalpa hai / jo upayoga vastu ke vizeSa aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha savikalpa hai aura jo upayoga sAmAnya aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha nirvikalpa hai / kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke bheda aura abheda para cintana kiyA hai| kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana yugapat hote haiM yA kramazaH hote haiN| isa prazna para Agamika dRSTi se cintana karate hue isa mata kI puSTi kI hai ki kevalI ko eka sAtha do upayoga nahIM ho skte| kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kramazaH hote haiM, yugapat nahIM / siddha sambandhI anya Avazyaka bAtoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI bhI namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt 'karemi bhaMte' Adi sAmAyika sUtra ke mUla padoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 466 vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA bhASya sAhitya meM anUThA sthAna hai| AcArya kI prabala tArkika zakti, abhivyakti kuzalatA, pratipAdana kI paTutA, vivecana kI viziSTatA sahaja rUpa se dekhI jA sakatI hai| jItakalpabhASya jItakalpabhASya ke racayitA bhI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa haiM / prastuta bhASya meM vRhatkalpa - laghubhASya, vyavahArabhASya, paJcakalpamahAbhASya, piNDaniyukti prabhRti aneka granthoM se gAthAeM uddhRta kI gaI haiN| ataH yaha eka saMgraha grantha hai| mUla jItakalpa meM 103 gAthAe~ haiM aura isa svopajJa bhASya meM 2606 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM jItavyavahArA ke AdhAra para jo prAyazcitta diye jAte haiM unakA saMkSepa meM varNana hai / cAritra meM jo skhalanAeM ho jAtI haiM unakI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| prAyazcitta eka prakAra se cikitsA hai| rogI ko kaSTa dene ke lie cikitsA nahIM kI jAtI apitu roga nivAraNa ke lie kI jAtI hai, isI prakAra prAyazcitta bhI rAga Adi aparAdhoM ke upazamana ke lie diyA jAtA hai / prAyazcitta ke dasa prakAra haiM / prAyazcitta ke prAkRta meM 'pAyacchitta' aura 'pacchitta' ye do rUpa milate haiN| jo pApa kA cheda karatA hai vaha 'pAya'cchitta' hai aura usase citta zuddha hotA hai vaha 'pacchita' hai / saMgha vyavasthA kI dRSTi se eka AcArasaMhitA kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| jisameM zramaNa ke kartavya, akartavya, pravRtti aura nivRtti kA nirdeza hai| vaha AcArasaMhitA vyavahAra kahalAtI hai / jina vyaktiyoM ke dvArA ve vyavahAra saMcAlita hote haiM ve bhI kAryakAraNa kI abheda dRSTi se vyavahAra kahalAte haiM / jJAnAtmaka kSamatA ke AdhAra para vyavahAra saMcAlana meM una vyaktiyoM ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| vyavahAra maMcAlana meM prathama sthAna AgamapuruSa kA hai, usake abhAva meM vyavahAra kA pravartana zrutapuruSa karatA hai| usakI anupasthiti meM AjJApuruSa, usakI anupasthiti meM dhAraNA puruSa aura usakI anupasthiti meM jItapuruSa vyavahAra kA vartana karatA hai / Agama vyavahAra ke do prakAra - pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa ke tIna prakAra haiM- ( 1 ) avadhipratyakSa, (2) manaH paryava pratyakSa aura (3) kevalajJAna pratyakSa / parokSa ke tIna prakAra haiM- (1) caturdaza pUrvadhara, (2) dazapUrvadhara (3) nau pUrvadhara /

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470 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA Agama vyavahArI AcArya ke ATha prakAra kI sampadA hotI haiAcAra, zruta, zarIra, vacana, vAcanA, mati, prayogamati aura sNgrhprijnyaa| pratyeka ke cAra-cAra prakAra haiN| isa taraha isake 32 prakAra hote haiN| cAra vinaya pratipattiyA~ haiM(1) AcAravinaya-AcAra sambandhI vinaya sikhAnA / (2) zrutavinaya-sUtra aura artha kI vAcanA denaa| (3) vikSepaNAvinaya-jo dharma se dUra haiM, unheM dharma meM sthApita karanA, jo sthita haiM unheM prabajita karanA, jo cyutadharmA haiM unheM puna: dharmaniSTha banAnA aura unake lie hita sampAdana karanA / (4) doSanirdhAtavinaya-krodha-vinayana, doSavinayana tathA kAMkSAvinayana ke lie prayatna krnaa| ___ ina 36 guNoM meM kuzala, AlocanArha ATha guNoM se yukta, aThAraha varNanIya sthAnoM kA jJAtA, dasa prakAra ke prAyazcittoM ko jAnane vAlA, AlocanA ke dasa doSoM kA jAnakAra, vrataSaTka, kAyaSaTka kA vijJAtA tathA jAtisampanna prabhRti dasa guNoM se jo yukta hai vaha Agama vyavahArI hai| ___ prAyazcitta pradAna karane vAle kevalajJAnI va pUrvadhara vartamAna meM nahIM haiM aura na pratyAkhyAnapravAda nAmaka pUrva kI tIsarI vastu hI hai kintu usa pUrva ke AdhAra se nirmita bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra Adi vartamAna meM upalabdha haiN| una Agama granthoM ke AdhAra se prAyazcitta kA vidhAna sahaja rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai aura cAritra kI vizuddhi kI jA sakatI hai| bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra ke sUtra aura artha ko nipuNatA se jAnakara jo prAyazcitta diyA jAtA hai vaha zruta vyavahAra hai| . bhASya meM prAyazcitta ke sambandha meM batAyA hai ki sApekSa prAyazcitta dAna se lAbha aura nirapekSa prAyazcitta dAna se hAni kI saMbhAvanA hai| jise prAyazcitta denA ho usakI zakti kA dhyAna honA caahie| yadi dhyAna na rakhA gayA lo saMyama meM sthira hone ke sthAna para sarvathA tyAga kA prasaMga upasthita ho sakatA hai| prAyazcitta dete samaya itanA bhI dayAlu nahIM honA cAhie ki prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hI naSTa ho jAe aura doSoM kI paramparA nirantara bar3hatI hI calI jaay| binA prAyazcitta ke cAritra kI zuddhi nahIM ho sakatI, binA cAritra zuddhi ke nirvANa prApta nahIM ho sakatA aura nirvANa prApti ke abhAva meM koI bhI zramaNa nahIM bnegaa| binA zramaNa bane tIrtha cala

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 471 nahIM sktaa| isalie jahA~ taka tIrtha kI avasthiti hai vahA~ taka prAyazcitta kA bhI vidhAna hai / isI prAyazcitta ke prasaMga meM bhaktaparijJA, iMginImaraNa aura pAdapopagamana ina tIna prakAra kI mAraNAntika sAdhanAoM para vistAra DAlA gayA hai| prakAza AjJAvyavahAra ke saMbaMdha meM batAyA hai ki do gItArtha AcArya bhinnabhinna dezoM meM hoM, ve kAraNavaza milane meM asamartha hoM, aisI paristhiti meM kahIM para prAyazcitta Adi ke sambandha meM eka-dUsare se parAmarza apekSita ho to ve apane ziSyoM ko gUDhapadoM meM puSTavya viSaya ko nigUhita kara unake pAsa bheja dete haiM / ve gItArtha AcArya bhI usI ziSya ke sAtha gUDhapadoM meM hI uttara preSita kara dete haiN| yaha AjJAvyavahAra hai| dhAraNA vyavahAra vaha hai ki kisI gItArtha AcArya ne kisI samaya kisI ziSya ke aparAdha kI zuddhi ke lie jo prAyazcitta diyA ho, use smaraNa rakhakara vaisI hI paristhiti meM usI prAyazcitta vidhi kA upayoga karanA; athavA vaiyAvRtya, Adi vizeSa pravRtti meM aura azeSa chedasUtroM ko dhAraNa karane meM asamartha sAdhu ko kucha vizeSa vizeSa pada uddhRta kara dhAraNA karavAne ko dhAraNA vyavahAra kahA jAtA hai / uddhAraNA, vidhAraNA, saMdhAraNA, saMpradhAraNA ye dhAraNA ke paryAyavAcI haiM / jItavyavahAra vaha hai ki kisI samaya kisI aparAdha ke lie AcAryo ne eka prakAra kA prAyazcitta vidhAna kiyA hai; dUsare samaya meM deza-kAla, ghRti, saMhanana, bala Adi dekhakara usI aparAdha ke lie dUsare prakAra kA prAyazcittavidhAna kiyA jAtA hai / athavA kisI AcArya ke gaccha meM kisI kAraNavaza koI sUtrAtirikta prAyazcitta kA pravartana huA ho aura vaha bahutoM dvArA aneka bAra anuvartita huA, usa prAyazcitta-vidhi ko jIta kahA gayA hai / jisakA AdhAra Agama, zruta, AjJA aura dhAraNA na ho vaha jItavyavahAra hai| usakA mUla AdhAra paramparA hotI hai| jisa jItavyavahAra se cAritra kI nirmalatA hotI ho usI kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| aisA bhI jItavyavahAra ho sakatA hai jisakA AcaraNa kevala eka ne hI kiyA ho, para jisane kiyA ho vaha vyakti zAnta, dAnta, gaMbhIra, saMvega parAyaNa ho, aura vaha AcAra ko vizuddha karane vAlA ho to usa jItavyavahAra kA anusaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ taka mUlasUtra kI prathama gAthA kA vivecana huA /

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472 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA prAyazcitta kA mahattva pratipAdana karane ke pazcAt AlocanA, pratikramaNa Adi dasa prAyazcittoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai aura unake aparAdhasthAnoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| AlocanA chadmastha ke lie hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAra prakAra ke karmoM ke bandhana se jaba taka AtmA mukta nahIM hotA taba taka vaha chadmastha kahalAtA hai| pratikramaNa ke aparAdhasthAnoM kA varNana karate hue jinadAsa arhantraka, nandivardhana aura dharmaruci Adi ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| mitha prAyazcitta meM AlocanA aura pratikramaNa ina donoM ke saMyukta aparAdha-sthAnoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| saMbhrama, bhaya, Apat, sahasA, anAbhoga Adi mizra koTi ke aparAdha haiN| piNDa, upadhi, zayyA, kRtayogI, kAlAtIta, adhvAtIta Adi viveka-prAyazcitta ke aparAdha-sthAna hai| gamana, Agamana, vihAra, zruta, sAvadyasvapna, nAva, nadI, santAra Adi vyutsarga ke aparAdhasthAna haiN| jJAna ke ATha, darzana ke ATha, cAritra meM udgagama ke solaha, utpAdanA ke solaha, grahaNeSaNA ke dasa, grAsaiSaNA ke pA~ca aticAroM (aparAdhasthAnoM) para prakAza DAlA hai| ye tapa ke aparAdha-sthAna haiN| krodha ke lie kSapaka kA, mAna ke lie kSullaka kA, mAyA ke lie ASADhabhUti kA, lobha ke lie siMha kesara nAmaka modaka kI icchA rakhane vAle kSapaka kA, vidyA ke lie bauddha upAsaka kA, maMtra ke lie pAdalipta aura muruNDarAja kA, cUrNa ke lie do bhikSuoM aura yoga ke lie brahmadvaipika tApasoM ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se tapodAna ke svarUpa para bhI cintana kiyA hai| ...., kalpasthitisAmAyika, cheda, niviMzamAna, niviSTa, jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa ye chaha prakAra kI hai| kalpa ke dasa prakAra ye haiM--(1) Acelakya, (2) auddezika, (3) zayyAtara (4) rAjapiNDa, (5) kRtikarma, (6) vrata, (7) jyeSTha, (8) pratikramaNa, (9) mAsa, (10) pryussnnaa| bhASyakAra ne ina kalpoM para gaMbhIratA se prakAza DAlA hai| sAtha hI parihArakalpa, jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa ke svarUpa para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI tapavidhi kA bhI vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| cheda prAyazcitta ke aparAdha-sthAnoM para prakAza DAlate hue utkRSTa tapobhUmi kA nirdeza kiyA hai| Adijina kI utkRSTa tapobhUmi eka varSa kI

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AyamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 473 hotI hai, madhyama jinoM kI utkRSTa tapobhUmi ATha mAsa kI hotI hai aura antima jina kI chaha mAsa kI / ' cheda, anavasthApya, pArAMcika ke aparAdhasthAnoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| tIrthaMkara, pravacana, zruta, AcArya Adi kI AzAtanA karane vAle ko pArAMcika-prAyazcitta AtA hai| anabasthApya aura pArAMcika prAyazcitta caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu taka thaa| usake pazcAt usakA viccheda ho gyaa| jo sUtra aura artha ke marma ko jAnane vAlA hai vahI jItakalpa kA yogya adhikArI hai| isameM AcAra ke niyamoM aura usakI skhalanA hone para usakI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| isa prakAra 'jItakalpa' yaha AcArya jinabhadra kI jaina AcArazAstra para mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM kiJcit mAtra bhI sandeha nahIM hai| saMghadAsagaNI dvitIya bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNI haiN| AcArya saMghadAsa ke jIvana vRtta ke sambandha meM kucha bhI sAmagrI nahIM milatI hai| unake mAtA-pitA kauna the ? unakI janmasthalI kahA~ para thI? unhoMne kina AcArya ke pAsa AhaMtI dIkSA grahaNa kI, Adi jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| Agama prabhAvaka munizrI puNyavijayajI kA mAnanA thA ki saMghadAsa gaNI nAmaka do AcArya hue haiN| eka ne bRhatkalpaladhubhASya aura paJcakalpamahAbhASya kA nirmANa kiyA aura dUsare AcArya ne vasudevahiMDi-prathama khaNDa likhaa| bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNI kA vizeSaNa kSamAzramaNa hai to vasudevahiNDi ke racayitA kA vizeSaNa 'vAcaka' hai| dUsarI mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne apane 'vizeSaNavatI' nAmaka grantha meM vasudevahiDi grantha kA ullekha aneka bAra kiyA hai aura vasudevahiDi meM jo bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA jIvana AyA hai, una gAthAoM kA saMgrahaNI ke rUpa meM apane grantha meM upayoga kiyA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai vasudevahiMDi ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNI bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNI se pUrva hue haiN| bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNI jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa se pahale hae haiM ? yA bAda meM hue haiM ? yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA, para yaha nizcita hai ki saMghadAsagaNI jaina Agama sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAna the| cheda 1 jItakalpabhASya, gA0 2285-86

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA sUtroM ke talasparzI anusaMdhAtA the| unhoMne jisa viSaya para kalama uThAI usa viSaya kI atala gaharAI meM utara gaye / 474 bRhatkalpa- laghubhASya bRhatkalpa- laghubhASya saMghadAsagaNI kI eka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / isameM bRhatkalpasUtra ke padoM kA vistAra ke sAtha vivecana kiyA gayA hai / laghubhASya hone para bhI isakI gAthA saMkhyA 6460 hai / yaha chaha uddezoM meM vibhakta hai / bhASya ke prArambha meM eka savistRta pIThikA dI gaI hai jisakI gAthA saMkhyA 805 hai / isa bhASya meM bhArata kI mahattvapUrNa sAMskRtika sAmagrI kA saMkalana - Akalana huA hai / isa sAMskRtika sAmagrI ke kucha aMza ko lekara DA0 motIcanda ne apanI pustaka 'sArthavAha' meM 'yAtrI aura sArthavAha' kA sundara Akalana kiyA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA adhyayana karane ke lie isakI sAmagrI vizeSa upayogI hai| jaina zramaNoM ke AcAra kA hRdayagrAhI, sUkSma, tArkika vivecana isa bhASya kI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai| pIThikA meM maMgalavAda, jJAnapaMcaka meM zrutajJAna ke prasaMga para vicAra karate hue samyaktva prApti kA krama aura aupazamika, sAsvAdana, kSAyopazamika, vedaka aura kSAyika samyaktva ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| anuyoga kA svarUpa batAkara nikSepa Adi bAraha prakAra ke dvAroM se usa para cintana kiyA hai| kalpavyavahAra para vividha dRSTiyoM se cintana karate hue yatra-tatra viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie dRSTAntoM kA bhI upayoga huA hai / pahale uddezaka kI vyAkhyA meM tAlavRkSa se sambandhita vividha prakAra ke doSa aura prAyazcitta, tAla- pralamba ke grahaNa sambandhI apavAda, zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko dezAntara jAne ke kAraNa aura usakI vidhi, zramaNoM kI asvasthatA vidhi-vidhAna, vaidyoM ke ATha prakAra batAe haiN| duSkAla prabhRti vizeSa paristhiti meM zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke eka-dUsare ke avagRhIta kSetra meM rahane kI vidhi, usake 144 bhaMga aura tatsambandhI prAyazcitta Adi kA varNana hai / grAma, nagara, kheDa, karbaTaka, maDamba, pattana, Akara, droNamukha, nigama, rAjadhAnI, Azrama, niveza, saMbAdha, ghoSa, aMzikA, puTabhedana, zaMkara prabhRti padoM para vivecana kiyA hai| nakSatramAsa, candramAsa RtumAsa, AdityamAsa aura abhivardhita mAsa kA varNana hai| jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpika kI kriyAe~, samayasaraNa, tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara, AhAraka zarIrI, anuttara deva, cakravartI, baladeva,

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 475 vAsudeva, Adi kI zubha aura azubha karma prakRtiyA~, tIrthaMkara kI bhASA kA vibhinna bhASAoM meM pariNamana, ApaNa gRha, rathyAmukha, zrRGgATaka, catuSka, catvara, antarApaNa, Adi padoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| aura una sthAnoM para bane hue upAzrayoM meM rahane vAlI zramaNiyoM ko jina doSoM ke lagane kI saMbhAvanA hai unakI carcA kI gaI hai / bhASyakAra ne dravya grAma ke bAraha prakAra batAye haiM / ve ye haiM- ( 1 ) uttAna kamallaka, (2) avAGa, mukhamallaka, (3) sampuTamallaka, (4) uttAnakakhaNDamallaka, (5) avAGa, mukhakhaNDamallaka, (6) sampuTakhaNDamallaka, (7) bhiti (8) paDAli, ( 8 ) valabhi, (10) akSATaka (11) rucaka, (12) kAzyapaka 1 tIrthaMkara gaNadhara aura kevalI ke samaya hI jinakalpika muni hote haiN| janakalpika muni kI sAmAcArI kA varNana sattAisa dvAroM se kiyA hai - ( 1 ) zruta (2) saMhanana (3) upasarga, (4) AtaMka, (5) vedanA, (6) katijana, (7) sthaMDila, (8) vasati, (8) kiyaccira, (10) uccAra, (11) prasravaNa, (12) avakAza (13) tRNaphalaka, (14) saMrakSaNatA, (15) saMsthApanatA, (16) prAbhRtikA, (17) agni, (18) dIpa, (19) avadhAna, (20) vatsyatha, (21) bhikSAcaryA, (22) pAnaka (23) lepAlepa, (24) alepa, (25) AcAmla (26) pratimA, (27) mAsakalpa jinakalpika kI sthiti para cintana karate hue - kSetra, kAla, cAritra, tIrtha, paryAya, Agama, veda, kalpa, liMga, lezyA, dhyAna, gaNanA, abhigraha, pravrAjanA, muNDApanA, prAyazcitta, kAraNa, niSpratikarma aura bhakta ina dvAroM se prakAza DAlA hai / isake pazcAt parihAravizuddhika aura yathAlandika kalpa kA svarUpa batAyA hai| sthavirakalpika kI pravrajyA, zikSA, arthagrahaNa, aniyatavAsa aura niSpatti ye sabhI jinakalpika ke samAna haiM / zramaNoM ke vihAra para prakAza DAlate hue bihAra kA samaya, vihAra karane se pahale gaccha ke nivAsa evaM nirvAha yogya kSetra kA parIkSaNa, utsarga aura apavAda kI dRSTi se yogya yA ayogya kSetra, pratyupekSakoM kA nirvAcana, kSetra kI pratilekhanA ke lie kisa prakAra gamanAgamana karanA cAhie, vihAramArga evaM sthaMDila bhUmi, jala, vizrAmasthAna, bhikSA, vasati, upadrava Adi kI parIkSA, pratilekhanIya kSetra meM praveza karane kI vidhi, bhikSA se vahA~ ke mAnavoM ke antarmAnasa kI parIkSA, bhikSA, auSadha Adi kI prApti meM saralatA

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476 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA va kaThinatA kA parijJAna, vihAra karane se pUrva vasati ke adhipati kI anumati, vihAra karane se pUrva zubhazakUna dekhanA Adi kA varNana hai| sthavirakalpikoM kI sAmAcArI meM ina bAtoM para prakAza DAlA hai (1) pratilekhanA-vastra Adi kI pratilekhanA kA samaya, pratilekhanA ke doSa aura unakA praayshcitt| (2) niSkramaNa-upAzraya se bAhara nikalane kA smy|| (3) prAbhUtikA-gRhastha ke lie jo makAna taiyAra kiyA hai usameM rahanA cAhie yA nahIM rahanA caahie| tatsambandhI vidhi va prAyazcitta / (4) bhikSA-bhikSA ke lene kA samaya aura bhikSA sambandhI Avazyaka vstueN| (5) kalpakaraNa-pAtra ko svaccha karane kI vidhi, lepakRta aura alepakRta pAtra, pAtra-lepa se laabh| (6) gacchazatikAvi-AdhArmika, svagRhayatimizra, svagRhapASaNDamizra, yAvadarthikamizra, krItakRta, pUtikarmika aura AtmArthakRta tathA unake avAntara bhed| (7) anuyAna-rathayAtrA kA varNana aura usa sambandhI doSa / (5) puraHkarma-bhikSA lene se pUrva sacitta jala se hAtha Adi sApha karane se lagane vAle doSa / (8) glAna-glAna-rugNa zramaNa kI sevA se hone vAlI nirjarA, usake lie pathya kI gaveSaNA, cikitsA ke lie vaidya ke pAsa le jAne kI vidhi, vaidya se vArtAlApa karane kA tarIkA, rugNa zramaNa ko upAzraya, galI Adi meM chor3akara cale jAne vAle AcArya ko lagane vAle doSa, aura unake prAyazcitta kA vidhaan| (10) gaccha pratibaddha yavAlaMdika-vAcanA Adi kAraNoM se gaccha se sambandha rakhane vAle yathAlaMdika kalpadhAriyoM ke sAtha vandana Adi vyavahAra tathA mAsakalpa kI mryaadaa| (11) uparidoSa-varSARtu ke atirikta samaya meM eka kSetra meM eka mAsa se adhika rahane se lagane vAle doSa / (12) apavAda-eka kSetra meM eka mAsa se adhika rahane ke ApavAdika kAraNa, zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke bhikSAcaryA kI vidhi para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA hai ki yadi grAma, nagara Adi durga ke andara

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 477 aura bAhara do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hoM to andara aura bAhara milAkara do mAsa taka raha sakate haiN| zramaNiyoM ke AcAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM para vistAra se prakAza DAlate hae batAyA hai ki nigraMthI ke mAsakalpa kI maryAdA, vihAra-vidhi, samudAya kA pramukha aura usake guNa, usake dvArA kSetra kI pratilekhanA, bauddha zrAvakoM dvArA bhaDauMca meM zramaNiyoM kA apaharaNa, zramaNiyoM ke yogya kSetra, vasati, vidharmI se upadrava kI rakSA, bhikSA hetu jAne vAlI zramaNiyoM kI saMkhyA, varSAvAsa ke atirikta zramaNI ko eka sthAna para adhika se adhika kitanA rahanA, usakA vidhAna hai| sthavirakalpa aura jinakalpa ina donoM avasthAoM meM kauna sI avasthA pramukha hai isa para cintana karate hae bhASyakAra ne niSpAdaka aura niSpanna ina donoM dRSTiyoM se donoM kI pramukhatA svIkAra kI hai| sUtra artha Adi dRSTiyoM se sthavirakalpa jinakalpa kA niSpAdaka hai| jinakalpa jJAnadarzana-cAritra prabhRti dRSTiyoM se niSpanna hai| viSaya ko spaSTa karane kI dRSTi se guhAsiMha, do mahilAeM aura do govargoM ke udAharaNa prastuta kie haiN| eka prAcIra aura eka dvAra vAle grAma-nagara Adi meM nirgranthanigraMnthiyoM ko nahIM rahanA cAhie isa sambandha meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko kisa sthAna meM rahanA cAhie isa para vividha dRSTiyoM se cintana kiyA gayA hai| vyavazamanaprakRtasUtra meM isa bAta para cintana kiyA hai ki zramaNoM meM paraspara vaimanasya ho jAye to upazamana dhAraNa karake kleza ko zAnta karanA caahie| jo upazamana dhAraNa karatA hai vaha ArAdhaka hai; jo nahIM karatA hai vaha virAdhaka hai| AcArya ko zramaNa-zramaNiyoM meM kleza hone para usakI upazAnti hetu upekSA karane para prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| paraspara ke jhagar3e ko zAnta karane kI vidhi pratipAdita kI gaI hai| cAraprakRtasUtra meM batAyA hai ki zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko varSARtU meM eka gAMva se dUsare gA~va nahIM jAnA caahie| yadi gamana karatA hai to use prAyazcitta AtA hai| yadi ApavAdika kAraNoM se vihAra karane kA prasaMga upasthita ho to use yatanA se gamana karanA caahie| avagrahasUtra meM batAyA hai ki bhikSA yA zocAdi bhUmi ke lie jAte hue zramaNa ko gRhapati vastra, pAtra, kambala Adi grahaNa karane kI prArthanA kare

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478 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA to use lekara AcArya Adi ko pradAna kare aura unakI AjJA prApta hone para usakA upayoga kare / rAtribhaktaprakRtasUtra meM batAyA hai ki rAtri yA vikAla meM azanapAna Adi grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie aura na vastra Adi hI grahaNa karanA caahie| rAtri aura vikAla meM adhvagamana kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai / adhva ke do bheda haiM-paMtha aura mArga / jisake bIca meM grAma, nagara Adi kucha bhI na Ae vaha paMtha hai aura jisake bIca grAma, nagara Aye vaha mArga hai| sAtha ke bhaMDI, bahilaka, bhAravaha, audarika, kArpeTika ye pA~ca prakAra haiN| ATha prakAra ke sArthavAha aura ATha prakAra ke sArtha vyavasthApakoM kA ullekha hai / vihAra ke lie AryakSetra hI vizeSa rUpa se upayukta hai / Arya pada para nAma Adi bAraha nikSepoM se vicAra kiyA hai| Arya jAtiyA~ ambaSTha, kalinda, vaideha, vidaka, hArita, tantuNa ye chaha haiM aura Arya kula bhI ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, kSatriya, jJAta kaurava aura ikSvAku yaha chaha prakAra ke haiN| Age upAzraya sambandhI vivecana meM upAzraya ke vyAghAtoM para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai / jisameM zAli brIhi Adi sacitta dhAnya kaNa bikhare hue hoM usa bIjAkIrNa sthAna para zramaNa ko nahIM rahanA cAhie aura na surAvikaTa kuMbha, zItodaka vikaTa kuMbha, jyoti, dIpaka, piNDa, dugdha, dahI, navanIta Adi padArthoM se yukta sthAna para hI rahanA caahie| sAgArika ke AhAra Adi tyAga kI vidhi, anya sthAna se AI huI bhojana sAmagrI ke dAna kI vidhi, sAgArika kA piNDa grahaNa, viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke nimitta banAyA huA bhakta, upakaraNa Adi kA grahaNa, rajoharaNa grahaNa karane kI vidhi batAI hai| pA~ca prakAra ke vastra(1) jaugika (2) bhAMgika (3) sAnaka, (4) potaka (5) tirITapaTTaka, pA~ca prakAra ke rajoharaNa -- (1) auNika, (2) auSTrika, (3) sAnaka, (4) vaccakacippaka, (5) muMjacipaka - inake svarUpa aura grahaNa karane kI vidhi batAI gaI hai | tRtIya uddezaka meM nirgrantha aura nirgranthiyoM ke paraspara upAzraya meM praveza karane kI vidhi batAyI hai| kRtsna aura akRtsna, bhinna aura abhinna, vastrAdi grahaNa, navadIkSita zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke upadhi para cintana kiyA hai| upadhigrahaNa kI vidhi, vandana Adi kA vidhAna kiyA hai| vastra phAr3ane meM hone vAlI hiMsA-ahiMsA para cintana karate hue dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA para vicAra kiyA hai| hiMsA meM jitanI adhika rAga Adi kI tIvratA hogI

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 476 utanA hI tIvra karmabaMdhana hogaa| hiMsaka meM jJAna aura ajJAna ke kAraNa karmabaMdha, adhikaraNa kI vividhatA se karmabaMdha meM vaividhya Adi para cintana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha uddezaka meM hastakarma Adi ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| maithunabhAva rAgAdi se kabhI bhI rahita nahIM ho sakatA / ataH usakA apavAda nahIM hai / paNDaka Adi ko pravrajyA dene kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| paJcama uddezaka meM gaccha sambandhI, zAstra smaraNa aura tadviSayaka vyAghAta, klezayukta mana se gaccha meM rahane se athavA svagaccha kA parityAga kara anya gaccha meM cale jAne se lagane vAle doSa aura unakA prAyazcitta; niHzaMka aura sazaMka rAtribhojana, udgAra-vamana Adi viSayaka doSa aura usakA prAyazcitta; AhAra Adi ke lie prayatna Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zramaNiyoM ke lie vizeSa rUpa se vidhi-vidhAna batAye gaye haiN| SaSThama uddezaka meM nirdoSa vacanoM kA prayoga aura mithyA vacanoM kA aprayoga, prANAtipAta Adi ke prAyazcitta; kaNTaka ke uddharaNa, viparyAsajanya doSa, prAyazcitta, apavAda kA varNana hai| zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko viSama mArga se nahIM jAnA caahie| jo nigranthI vikSipta citta ho gaI hai usake kAraNoM ko samajhakara, usake dekha-rekha kI vyavasthA aura cikitsA Adi ke vidhi-niSedhoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| zramaNoM ke liye chaha prakAra ke parimantha-vyAghAta mAne gaye haiM-(1) kautkUcika, (2) maukharika, (3) cakSurlola, (4) titiNika, (5) icchAloma, (6) bhijjAnidAnakaraNainakA svarUpa, doSa aura apavAda Adi para cintana kiyA hai| - kalpasthitiprakRta meM chaha prakAra kI kalpasthitiyoM para vicAra kiyA hai-(1) sAmAyika kalpasthiti, (2) chedopasthApanIya kalpasthiti, (2) nivizamAnakalpasthiti, (4) niviSTakAyikakalpasthiti, (5) jinakalpasthiti, (6) sthavirakalpasthiti / chedopasthApanIya kalpasthiti ke Acelakya, oddezika Adi dasa kalpa haiN| usake adhikArI aura anadhikArI para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta bhASya meM yatra-tatra subhASita bikhare par3e haiM, yathA-he mAnavo sadA-sarvadA jAgrata raho, jAgrata mAnava kI buddhi kA vikAsa hotA hai jo jAgatA hai vaha sadA dhanya hai

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48. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 'jAgaraha narA viccaM, jAgaramAthassa baDhate buddhi| . so suvati na sodhaNNaM, jo jaggati so sayA paNo // zIla aura lajjA hI nArI kA bhUSaNa hai| hAra Adi AbhUSaNoM se nArI kA zarIra vibhUSita nahIM ho sktaa| usakA bhUSaNa to zIla aura lajjA hI hai| sabhA meM saMskAra rahita asAdhuvAdinI vANI prazasta nahIM kahI jA sktii| isa prakAra prastuta bhASya meM zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA tAkika dRSTi se bahuta hI sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai| usa yuga kI sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, dhArmika, rAjanItika sthitiyoM para bhI khAsA acchA prakAza par3atA hai| aneka sthaloM para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se sundara vizleSaNa huA hai| jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM hI nahIM apitu bhAratIya sAhitya meM isa grantha ratna kA apUrva aura anUThA sthAna hai| paJcakalpamahAbhASya - AcArya saMghadAsagaNI kI dUsarI kRti paJcakalpamahAbhASya hai jo paJcakalpaniyukti ke vivecana ke rUpa meM hai| isameM kula 2655 gAthAe~ haiN| jisameM bhASya kI 2574 gAthAe~ haiN|| isameM pahale jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa ye do bheda kiye haiN| zramaNoM ke jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI vividha sampadA kA varNana karate hue cAritra ke sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasaMparAya aura yathAkhyAta ye pAMca prakAra batAye haiN| cAritra-kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura aupazamika rUpa se tIna prakAra kA hai| jJAna-kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika ke rUpa se do prakAra kA hai aura darzana-kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura aupazamika rUpa se tIna prakAra kA hai| cAritra kA pAlana nirgrantha karate haiN| nirgrantha ke pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka ye pAMca bheda haiN| kalpa zabda para cintana karate hue usake nimna artha batAye haiMsAmarthya, varNanAkAla, chedana, karaNa, aupamya aura adhivAsa / ' 1 sAmatthe vaNNaNA kAle cheyaNe karaNe tahA / ovamme ahivAse ya kappasaddo viyaahio|| -paJcakalpabhASya, gAthA 154

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2 aMga AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 481 prastuta bhASya meM pAMca prakAra ke kalpa kA saMkSipta varNana hai, phira usake chaha, sAta, dasa, bIsa aura bayAlIsa bheda kiye gaye haiN| pahalA kalpa manujajIvakalpa chaha prakAra kA hai-pravAjana, muNDana, zikSaNa, upasthApana, bhoga aura saMvasana / jAti, kula, rUpa aura vinaya sampanna vyakti hI pravrajyA ke yogya hai| bAla, vRddha, napuMsaka, jar3a, klIva, rogI, stena, rAjApakArI, unmatta, adarzI, dAsa, duSTa, mUr3ha, ajJAnI, juMgita, bhayabhIta, palAyita, niSkAsita, gabhiNI, bAlavatsA strI-ye bIsa prakAra ke vyakti pravrajyA ke lie ayogya mAne gaye haiN| kSetrakalpa ko carcA karate hae sAr3he paccIsa dezoM ko Arya kahA hai jinameM zramaNa AnandapUrvaka vicaraNa kara sakatA hai| una janapadoM aura rAjadhAniyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiMdeza rAjadhAnI 1 magadha rAjagRha campA 3 baMga tAmralipti 4 kaliMga kAMcanapura 5 kAzI vArANasI 6 kozala sAketa gajapura . 8 kuzAvarta saurika 9 pAMcAla kAmpilya 10 jAMgala ahicchatrA 11 saurASTra dvAravatI 12 videha mithilA 13 vatsa kauzAmbI 14 zAMDilya 15 malaya bhaddilapura 16 matsya vairATapura 17 varaNa acchApurI 18 dazArNa mRttikAvalI nandipura 1 vahI bhASya gA0 666-674

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thAhA 482 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA , 16 cedi ..zauktikAvatI 20 siMdhu sauvIra vItibhaya 21 zUrasena mathurA 22 bhaMgi pApA 23 vaTTa mAsapurI .24 kuNAla zrAvastI . 25 lATa koTivarSa 253 kekayA zvetAmbikA . kSetrakalpa ke pazcAt kAlakalpa kA varNana karate hue mAsakalpa, paryuSaNAkalpa, vRddhavAsakalpa, paryAyakalpa, utsarga, pratikramaNa, kRtikarma, pratilekhana, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, bhikSA, bhakta, vikAra, niSkramaNa aura praveza para cintana kiyA gayA hai| bhAvakalpa meM darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa, saMyama, samiti, gupti prabhRti kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya kalpa ke sAta bheda haiM-sthitakalpa, asthitakalpa, jinakalpa, sthavirakalpa, liMgakalpa, upadhikalpa aura sambhogakalpa / tRtIya kalpa ke dasa bheda haiM ---kalpa, prakalpa, vikalpa, saMkalpa, upakalpa, anukalpa, utkalpa, akalpa, duSkalpa aura sukalpa / caturtha kalpa ke bIsa bheda haiM-nAmakalpa, sthApanAkalpa, dravyakalpa, kSetrakalpa, kAlakalpa, darzanakalpa, zrutakalpa, adhyayanakalpa, cAritrakalpa, Adi / paJcamakalpa ke dravya, bhAva, tadubhayakaraNa, viramaNa, sadAdhAra, nirveza, antara, nayAntara, sthita, asthita, sthAna, Adi bayAlIsa bheda haiN| isa prakAra pAMca kalpoM kA varNana prastuta bhASya meM huA hai| isameM paMcakalpalaghubhASya kA bhI samAveza ho gayA hai| anta meM bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNI ke nAma kA ullekha bhI huA hai| nizIthabhASya nizIthabhASya ke racayitA bhI saMghadAsagaNI mAne jAte haiN| isa bhASya kI aneka gAthAe~ bRhatkalpabhASya aura vyavahArabhASya meM prApta hotI haiN| bhASya meM aneka rasaprada sarasa kathAe~ bhI haiN| zramaNAcAra kA vividha dRSTiyoM se nirUpaNa huA hai| jaise puliMda Adi anArya araNya meM jAte hae zramaNoM ko Arya samajha kara mAra dete the| sArthavAha vyApArArtha dUra-dUra dezoM

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 483 meM jAte the| usa yuga meM aneka prakAra ke sikke pracalita the| bhASya meM bRhatkalpa, nandIsUtra, siddhasena aura govinda vAcaka Adi ke nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai / vyavahArabhASya hama pUrva hI batA cuke haiM ki vyavahArabhASya ke racayitA kA nAma abhI taka jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya ke samAna hI isa bhASya meM bhI nirgrantha aura nirgranthiniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra para prakAza DAlA hai / sarvaprathama pIThikA meM vyavahAra, vyavahArI evaM vyavahartavya ke svarUpa kI carcA kI gaI hai| vyavahAra meM doSa lagane kI dRSTi se prAyazcitta kA artha, bheda, nimitta, adhyayana vizeSa, tadarhaparSada Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| aura viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie aneka dRSTAnta bhI diye gaye haiN| isake pazcAt bhikSu, mAsa, parihAra, sthAna, pratisevanA, AlocanA Adi padoM para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai / AdhAkarma se sambandhita, atikrama, vyatikrama, aticAra, anAcAra ke lie pRthaka-pRthaka prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa ina donoM kI vizuddhi prAyazcitta se hotI hai| atikrama ke lie mAsaguru, vyatikrama ke lie mAsaguru aura kAlalaghu, aticAra ke lie tapoguru aura kAlaguru aura anAcAra ke lie caturguru prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai / piNDavizuddhi, samiti, bhAvanA, tapa, pratimA aura abhigraha ye sabhI uttaraguNa meM haiN| inake kramazaH bayAlIsa, ATha, paccIsa, bAraha, bAraha aura cAra bheda hote haiN| prAyazcitta karane vAle puruSa ke nirgata aura vartamAna ye do prakAra haiN| jo tapohe prAyazcitta se atikrAnta ho gaye haiM ve nirgata haiM aura jo vidyamAna haiM ve vartamAna haiN| unake bhI bheda-prabheda kiye gaye haiM / prAyazcitta ke yogya puruSa cAra prakAra ke hote haiM- (1) ubhayatarajo svayaM tapa kI sAdhanA karatA huA bhI dUsaroM kI sevA kara sakatA hai| (2) Atmatara - jo kevala tapa hI kara sakatA hai / (3) paratara -- jo kevala sevA hI kara sakatA hai / (4) anyatara - jo tapa aura sevA donoM meM se kisI eka samaya meM eka kA hI sevana kara sakatA hai| AlocanA AlocanA aura Alocaka ke binA nahIM hotii| AlocanA svayaM AcAravAna, AdhAravAna, vyavahAravAna, apavrIDaka, prakurvI, niryApaka, apAyadarzI aura aparizrAvI ina guNoM se yukta hotA hai| Alocaka bhI

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jAtisampanna, kulasampanna, vinayasampanna, jJAnasampanna, darzanasampanna, caraNasampanna, kSAnta, dAnta, amAyI aura apazcAttApI dasa guNoM se yukta hotA hai| sAtha hI AlocanA ke doSa, tadviSayabhUta dravya Adi prAyazcitta dene kI vidhi Adi para bhI bhASyakAra ne cintana kiyA hai / xx parihAratapa ke varNana meM sevA kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai aura subhadrA va mRgAvatI ke udAharaNa bhI diye gaye haiN| AropaNA ke prasthApanikA sthApitA, kRtsnA, akRtsnA aura hADahaDA ye pA~ca prakAra batAye haiM tathA ina para vistAra se carcA kI hai / zithilatA ke kAraNa gaccha kA parityAga kara punaH gaccha meM sammi lita hone ke lie vividha prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kA varNana hai| pArzvastha, yathAcchanda, kuzIla, avasanna aura saMsavata ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA hai| zramaNoM ke vihAra kI carcA karate hue ekAkI vihAra kA niSedha kiyA hai aura unake lagane vAle doSoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| vividha prakAra ke tapasvI va vyAdhiyoM se saMtrasta zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI sevA kA vidhAna karate hue kSiptacitta aura dIptacitta kI sevA karane kI manovaijJAnika paddhati para prakAza DAlA hai / kSiptacitta ke rAga, bhaya aura apamAna ye tIna kAraNa haiN| dIptacitta kA kAraNa sammAna hai / sammAna hone para usameM mada paidA hotA hai / zatruoM ko parAjita karane ke kAraNa vaha mada se unmatta hokara dIptacitta ho jAtA hai| kSiptacitta aura dIptacitta meM mukhya antara yaha hai ki kSiptacitta prAyaH mauna rahatA hai aura dIptacitta binA kisI prayojana ke bhI bolatA rahatA hai / bhASyakAra ne gaNAvacchedaka, AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka sthavira, pravartinI Adi padaviyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle kI yogyatAoM para vicAra kiyA hai| jo gyAraha aMgoM ke jJAtA haiM, navama pUrva ke jJAtA haiM, kRtayogI haiM, bahuzruta haiM, bahuta AgamoM ke parijJAtA haiM, sUtrArthaM vizArada haiM, dhIra haiM, zruta nigharSa haiM, mahAjana haiM ve viziSTa vyakti hI AcArya Adi viziSTa padaviyoM ko dhAraNa kara sakate haiN| zramaNoM ke vihAra sambandhI niyamopaniyamoM para vicAra karate hue kahA hai ki AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi padavIdharoM ko kama se kama kitane santoM ke sAtha rahanA cAhie, Adi / vividha vidhi-vidhAnoM kA nirUpaNa

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 485 hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya ke pA~ca atizaya hote haiM jinakA zramaNoM ko vizeSa lakSya rakhanA cAhie (1) unake bAhara jAne para pairoM ko sApha karanA / (2) unake uccAra-prasravaNa ko nirdoSa sthAna para paraThanA / (3) unakI icchAnusAra vaiyAvRtya karanA / (4) unake sAtha upAzraya ke bhItara rahanA / (5) unake sAtha upAzraya ke bAhara jAnA / zramaNa kisI mahilA ko dIkSA de sakatA hai aura dIkSA ke bAda use sAdhvI ko sauMpa denA caahie| sAdhvI kisI bhI puruSa ko dIkSA nahIM de sktii| use yogya zramaNa ke pAsa dIkSA ke lie preSita karanA caahie| zramaNI eka saMgha meM dIkSA grahaNa kara dUsare saMgha meM ziSyA bananA cAhe to use dIkSA nahIM denI caahie| use jahA~ para rahanA ho vahIM para dIkSA grahaNa karanI cAhie kintu zramaNa ke lie aisA niyama nahIM hai| tIna varSa kI dIkSA paryAya vAlA upAdhyAya aura 5 varSa kI dokSA paryAya vAlA AcArya bana sakatA hai / varSAvAsa ke lie aisA sthAna zreSTha batAyA hai jahA~ para adhika kIcar3a na ho, dvIndriyAdi jIvoM kI bahulatA na ho, prAsuka bhUmi ho, rahane yogya do tIna bastiyA~ hoM, gorasa kI pracuratA ho, bahuta loga rahate hoM, koI vaidya ho, auSadhiyoM saralatA se prApta hotI hoM, dhAnya kI pracuratA ho, rAjA samyak prakAra se prajA kA pAlana karatA ho, pAkhaNDI sAdhu kama rahate hoM, bhikSA sugama ho aura svAdhyAya meM kisI bhI prakAra kA vighna na ho / jahA~ para kutte adhika hoM vahIM para zramaNa ko vihAra nahIM karanA caahie| bhASya meM dIkSA grahaNa karane vAle ke guNa-doSa para cintana karate hue likhA hai ki kucha vyakti apane deza svabhAva se hI doSayukta hote haiN| Andhra meM utpanna vyakti krUra hotA hai, mahArASTra meM utpanna huA vyakti vAcAla hotA hai aura kozala meM utpanna huA vyakti svabhAva se hI duSTa hotA hai / isa prakAra kA na honA bahuta hI kama vyaktiyoM meM sambhava hai / Age bhASya meM zayanAdi ke nimitta sAmagrI ekatrita karane aura punaH lauTAne kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| AhAra kI maryAdA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai-ATha kaura khAne vAlA zramaNa alpAhArI, bAraha, solaha,

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486 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA caubIsa, ikattIsa aura battIsa grAsa grahaNa karane vAlA zramaNa kramazaH apArdhAhArI, ardhAhArI, prAptAvamaudarya, kiJcidavamaudarya aura pramANAhArI hai| navama uddezaka meM zayyAtara ke jJAtika, svajana, mitra, prabhRti Agantuka vyaktiyoM se sambandhita AhAra ko lene aura na lene ke sambandha meM vicAra kara zramaNoM kI vividha pratimAoM para prakAza DAlA hai| dazama uddezaka meM yavamadhyapratimA aura vajamadhyapratimA para vizeSarUpa se cintana kiyA hai| sAtha hI pAMca prakAra ke vyavahAra, bAladIkSA kI viSi, dasa prakAra kI vaiyAvRtya Adi viSayoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| ____ Arya rakSita, Arya kAlaka, rAjA sAtavAhana, pradyota, muruNDa, cANakya, cilAtaputra, avanti sukumAla, rohiNeya, Arya samudra, Arya maMgu Adi kI kathAeM AI haiN| prastuta bhASya aneka dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| oghaniyukti-laghubhASya oghaniyukti-laghubhASya ke kartA kA nAma vijJoM ko jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai / isa bhASya meM 322 gAthAe~ haiM / ogha, piNDa, vrata, zramaNadharma, saMyama, vaiyAvRtya, gupti, tapa, samiti, bhAvanA, pratimA, indriyanirodha, pratilekhanA, abhigraha, anuyoga, kAyotsarga, aupaghAtika, upakaraNa prabhRti viSayoM para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| inhIM viSayoM para bRhadbhASya meM vistAra se vivecana hai| odhaniyukti-bhASya odyaniyukti bRhadabhASya kI eka hastalikhita prati munizrI pUNyavijayajI ke saMgraha meM thI jo lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira ahamadAbAda meM rakhI gaI hai| isameM 2517 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM bhASya kI gAthAoM ke sAtha niyukti kI gAthAeM bhI mila gaI haiN| niyukti kI gAthAoM ke vivecana ke rUpa meM bhASya kA nirmANa huA hai / bhASya meM prArambha se lekara anta taka kahIM para bhI bhASyakAra ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| piNDaniyuktibhASya piNDaniyuktibhASya ke racayitA kA nAma bhI jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| isameM 46 gAthAe~ haiN| 'gauNa' zabda kI vyutpatti, piNDa kA svarUpa, laukika aura sAmayika kI tulanA, sadbhAvasthApanA aura asadbhAva

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 487 sthApanA ke rUpa meM piNDasthApanA ke do bheda haiM / piNDanikSepa aura vAta kAya, ASAkarma kA svarUpa, adhaH karmatA hetu vibhAgauddezaka ke bheda, mizrajAta kA svarUpa, svasthAna ke sthAna, bhAjana svasthAna Adi bheda; sUkSma prAbhRtikA ke do bheda - apasarpaNa aura utsarpaNa; vizodhi aura avizodhi kI koTiyA~; adRzya hone kA cUrNa aura do kSullaka bhikSuoM kI kathAe~ Adi bhI haiN| uttarAdhyayana bhASya uttarAdhyayana bhASya svataMtra rUpa se nahIM milatA hai / zAnti sUri kI prAkRta TIkA meM bhASya kI gAthAe~ milatI haiN| kula gAthAe~ 45 haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki anya bhASyoM kI gAthAoM ke samAna isa bhASya kI gAthAe~ bhI niyukti ke sAtha mila gaI haiN| prastuta bhASya meM boTika kI utpatti, pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka Adi nirgranthoM ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / arakAlikabhASya aadafone mAnA hai ve gAthAe~ cUrNi meM bhI haiN| cUrNikAra se pUrvavartI haiN| isameM hetu, uttaraguNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA saMsiddhi kI gaI hai| meM kula 63 gAthAe~ haiN| hAribhadrIyA vRtti meM isa bAta kA ullekha huA hai / jina gAthAoM ko haribhadra ne bhASyagata isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhASyakAra vizuddhi, pratyakSa-parokSa evaM mUlaguNa va gayA hai| aneka pramANa dekara jIva kI isa prakAra Avazyaka, jItakalpa, bRhatkalpa, paJcakalpa, nizItha, vyavahAra, oghaniyukti, piNDaniyukti, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika Adi para bhASya prApta hote haiM / ina para saMkSepa meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| inameM se vizeSAvazyakabhASya, jItakalpabhASya, vRhadlaghubhASya, vyavahArabhASya, o niyuktilaghubhASya, piNDaniyuktibhASya, nizIthabhASya ye prakAzita ho gaye haiM / kucha bhASya abhI taka aprakAzita haiN| bhASya sAhitya meM bhAratIya saMskRti, sabhyatA, dharma aura darzana va manovijJAna kA jo sahaja rUpa se vizleSaNa huA hai vaha bahuta hI apUrva aura anUThA hai / O

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cUNi-sAhitya : eka adhyayana 0Ni aura cUrNikAra 0 namboNi D anuyogadvAracUNi D AvazyakaNi DvazavakAlikacUNi (agastyasiMha) 0vazavakAlikacuNi (jinadAsa) 0 uttarAdhyayamaNi D AcArAMgacuNi 0 sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi 0 jotakarUpacUNi 0 nizIvizeSacUNi DzAzu taskandhacUrNi DJhatkalpaNi vyAlyAprApti (bhagavatI) cUNi 0 vyavahAracUNi 0 odhaniyuktiNi [] jIvAbhigamaNi 3 mahAnizIthacUNi D paMcakalpacUNi jambUdvIpaprajJapticUNi

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cUNi sAhitya : eka adhyayana niyukti sAhitya aura bhASya sAhitya kI racanA ke pazcAt jainAcAryoM ke antarmAnasa meM AgamoM para gadyAtmaka vyAkhyA sAhitya likhane kI bhAvanA utpanna huii| unhoMne zuddha prAkRta meM aura saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM vyAkhyAoM kI racanA kI jo Aja cUNi sAhitya ke nAma se vizruta hai| kucha cUNiyA~ Agametara sAhitya para bhI likhI gaI haiM para ve saMkhyA kI dRSTi se AgamoM kI cUNiyoM kI apekSA alpa haiM-jaise karmaprakRti, zataka Adi kI cUNiyA~ / niyukti aura bhASya ke hI samAna cUrNiyAM bhI sabhI AgamoM para nahIM haiN| nimna AgamoM para cUrNiyAM likhI gaI haiM :--- 1 AcArAMga 2 sUtrakRtAGga . 3 vyAkhyAprajJapti 4 jIvAbhigama 5 nizItha 6 mahAnizItha 7 vyavahAra 8 dazAzrutaskandha 6 bRhatkalpa 10 paMcakalpa 11 oghaniyukti 12 jItakalpa 13 uttarAdhyayana 14 Avazyaka 15 dazavaikAlika 16 nandI 17 anuyogadvAra 18 jambUdvIpaprajJapti nizItha aura jItakalpa para do-do cUNiyoM kI racanA huI thI kintu vartamAna meM donoM para eka-eka cUNi hI upalabdha hai| anuyogadvAra, bRhatkalpa aura dazavakAlika para do-do cUrNiyAM milatI haiN| cUNi-sAhitya ke nirmAtAoM meM jinadAsagaNI mahattara kA mUrdhanya sthAna hai| jinadAsagaNI mahattara ke jIvana vRtta ke sambandha meM vizeSa sAmagrI anUpalabdha hai| nizItha vizeSacUNi ke upasaMhAra meM cUNikAra kA nAma jinadAsa AyA hai aura grantha ke prAraMbha meM pradyumna kSamAzramaNa kA vidyAguru ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| uttarAdhyayanacUNi ke anta meM cUrNikAra kA paricaya hai| unake sadguru kA nAma vANijyakulIna, koTikagaNIya, vaJcazAkhIya gopAla

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460 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA gaNI mahattara AyA hai para svayaM cUrNikAra kA nAma spaSTa rUpa se nahIM AyA hai| vijJoM kA mantavya hai ki cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNI mahattara bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt aura AcArya haribhadra se pahale hue haiM kyoMki bhASya kI aneka gAthAoM kA upayoga cUNiyoM meM huA hai aura AcArya haribhadra ne apanI vRttiyoM meM cUNiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| AcArya jinadAsagaNI kA samaya vikrama saM0 650-750 ke madhya honA caahie| nandI cUNi ke upasaMhAra meM usakA racanA samaya zaka saMvat 568 arthAt vikrama saM0 733 hai, usase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai| jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne kitanI cUNiyA~ likhIM yaha abhI taka pUrNa rUpa se nizcita nahIM ho sakA hai tathApi paramparA ke anusAra unakI nimnalikhita cUNiyA~ mAnI jAtI haiM-(1) nizIthavizeSacUNi, (2) nandIcUNi, (3) anuyogadvAracUNi, (4) AvazyakacUrNi, (5) dazavakAlikacUNi, (6) uttarAdhyayanacUNi, (7) sUtrakRtAGgacUNi / jItakalpacUrNi, jo isa samaya prApta hai usake racayitA siddhasena sUri haiM, para ye siddhasena, siddhasena divAkara se bhinna haiN| paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke abhimatAnusAra AcArya jinabhadra kRta bRhatkSetrasamAsa ke vattikAra siddhasena sUri hI prastuta cUNi ke kartA haiN| bRhatkalpacUNi ke racayitA pralamba sUri haiN| ye vikrama saMvat 1334 se pUrva hue haiN| dazavakAlikasUtra para agastyasiMha sthavira kI cUNi bhI prApta hai| jise AgamaprabhAkara puNyavijayajI mahArAja ne sampAdita kara prakAzita kiyA hai| munizrI ke abhimatAnusAra cUrNi kA racanA kAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa hai / agastyasiMha koTigaNIya baJasvAmI kI zAkhA ke eka sthavira haiN| inake guru kA nAma RSigupta hai| anya cUrNikAroM ke nAma abhI taka jJAta nahIM ho sake haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se nandIcUrNi, anuyogadvAracUNi, dazavakAlikacUNi (jinadAsa), uttarAdhyayanacUNi, AcArAGgaNi, sUtrakRtAGgacarNi, nizItha 1 gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA, pa.44 2 jaina granthAvalI-jaina zvetAmbara kAnphansa bambaI, vi0 saM0 1965, 10 12, TippaNa 5 3 bRhatkalpabhASya, mAga-6, Amukha, pu04

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 461 vizeSacUrNi, dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi aura bRhatkalpacUNi ye sabhI cUrNiyAM saMskRta mizrita prAkRta bhASA meM racita haiM; kintu saMskRta kama aura prAkRta adhika hai| ____ AvazyakacUNi, dazavakAlikacUrNi (agastyasiMha) aura jItakalpacUNi (siddhasena) ye tInoM cUrNiyA~ prAkRta bhASA meM nirmita haiN| cUNiyoM kI bhASA sarala aura subodha hai| sAMskRtika, rAjanItika va sAmAjika sAmagrI ina cUNiyoM meM bharI par3I hai| nandIcUrNi yaha cUNi mUlasUtra kA anusaraNa kara likhI gaI hai| isakI vivecana zelI saMkSipta va sAragrAhI hai| yaha mukhya rUpa se prAkRta bhASA meM hai para jahA~-tahA~ saMskRta zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| jJAna kI carcA karate hue kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke sambandha meM tIna mata diye haiM-(1) kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kA yogapatya, (2) kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kA kramikatva (3) kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kA abhed| svayaM cUrNikAra ne kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke kramabhAvitva kA samarthana kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM vistAra se carcA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM kI gaI hai| __ anuyogadvAracUNi yaha cUNi bhI mUlAnusArI hI hai| bhASA meM saMskRta zabdoM kA prayoga bahuta hI kama huA hai / prAkRta bhASA kA hI prAdhAnya hai| yaha cUNi nandIcUrNi ke pazcAt racI gaI hai kyoMki isameM nandIcUNi kA ullekha huA hai aura sAtha hI Avazyaka, tandulavaicArika Adi kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isameM Avazyaka para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| sapta svara kA saMgIta kI dRSTi se gaharAI se cintana kiyA hai| vIra, zRGgAra, adbhuta, raudra, brIDanaka, vIbhatsa, hAsya, karuNa aura prazAnta ina nau rasoM kA sodAharaNa nirUpaNa hai| AtmAMgula, utsedhAMgula, pramANAMgula, kAlapramANa, manuSyAdi prANiyoM kA pramANa, garbhajAdi mAnavoM kI saMkhyA, Adi para vivecana kiyA hai| caNi meM kahIM para bhI lekhaka ke nAma kA nirdeza nahIM haA hai| AvazyakacUNi yaha cUNi niyukti ke anusAra hI likhI gaI hai| bhASya gAthAoM kA upayoga bhI yatra-tatra huA hai| mukhya rUpa se bhASA prAkRta hai kintu saMskRta ke zloka, madha va uddharaNa ke rUpa meM gadya paMktiyA~ bhI uddhRta kI gaI haiM / bhASA pravAhayukta hai, zailI meM lAlitya va oja hai| aitihAsika

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462 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kathAoM kI pracuratA hai| yaha cUNi anya cUNiyoM se vistRta hai / oghaniyukticUNi, govindaniyukti, basudevahiNDi prabhRti aneka granthoM kA ullekha isameM huA hai| sarvaprathama maMgala kI carcA karate hue bhAvamaMgala kI dRSTi se jJAna kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| zrutajJAna kI dRSTi se Avazyaka para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai| dravyAvazyaka aura bhAvAvazyaka para prakAza DAlA hai| zruta kA prarUpaNa tIrthaMkara bhagavAna karate haiN| tIrthakara kauna hote haiM ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIva mithyAtva se kisa prakAra mukta huA isakI ora saMketa karate hue unake pUrvabhavoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| sAtha hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIva marIci ke bhava meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA pautra thA ata: bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke bhI pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| unakA janma, vivAha, apatya kA vistAra se varNana kara usa samaya ke zilpa, karma, lekha Adi para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| samrAT bharata kI digavijaya yAtrA kA itanA sajIva citraNa kiyA gayA hai ki pAThaka par3hatepar3hate jhUmane lagatA hai| bharata kA rAjyAbhiSeka, bharata va bAhubalI kA yuddha, bAhubalI ko kevalajJAna tathA RSabhadeva ke anya varNana ke pazcAt cakravartI tathA vAsudeva Adi kA saMkSepa meM paricaya dekara anya tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana para saMkSepa meM cintana kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIva marIci ne parISahoM ko sahana na karane ke kAraNa apanI kamanIya kalpanA se navIna mata kI saMsthApanA kii| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIva aneka bhavoM meM paribhramaNa karane ke pazcAt anta meM mahAvIra bnaa| unake jIvana se sambandhita dharmaparIkSA, vivAha, apatya, dAna, sambodha, lokAntika devoM kA Agamana, indra kA Agamana, dIkSAmahotsava, upasarga, indra-prArthanA, abhigrahapaMcaka, acchandakavRtta, caNDakauzikavRtta, gauzAlakavRtta, saMgama ke upasarga, devI kA upasarga, vihAra, candanabAlA kA prasaMga, gopAlaka ke dvArA zalAkA kA upasarga, kevalajJAna, samavasaraNa, gaNadhara dIkSA, Adi tathA bhagavAna ke zArIrika saundarya kA varNana bhI sAhityika dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| nayAdhikAra meM Arya vajrasvAmI va Arya rakSita kA jIvana vRtta diyA gayA hai / Arya rakSita kA mAtula goSThAmAhila sAtavA~ nihnava huaa|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 463 sAtoM nihnavoM kA paricaya niyukti kI bhAMti yahA~ bhI diyA gayA hai aura bhASya kI taraha AThaveM nihnava boTika kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| isake pazcAt sAmAyika, usake dravya-paryAya, naya dRSTi se sAmAyika, usake bheda, usakA svAmI, usakI prApti kA kSetra, kAla, dizA, sAmAyika karane vAlA, usakI prApti ke hetu, apUrva Ananda, kAmadeva kA dRSTAnta, anukampA, indranAga, puNyazAla, zivarAjarSi, gaMgadatta dazArNabhadra, ilApUtra, Adi ke dRSTAnta diye gaye haiN| sAmAyika kI sthiti, sAmAyika vAloM kI saMkhyA, sAmAyika kA antara, sAmAyika kA AkarSa, samabhAva kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karane ke lie damadatta evaM maitArya kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| samAsa, saMkSepa aura anavadya ke lie dharmaruci va pratyAkhyAna ke lie tetalIpUtra kA dRSTAnta dekara viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA hai| . isake pazcAt sUtraspazika niyukti kI cUNi hai| usameM namaskAra mahAmaMtra, nikSepa dRSTi se sneha, rAga va dveSa ke lie kramazaH arahannaka, dharmaruci tathA jamadagni kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai / arihantoM va siddhoM ko namaskAra, autpAtikI Adi cAroM prakAra kI buddhi, karma, samudghAta, yoganirodha, siddhoM kA apUrva Ananda, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhuoM ko namaskAra evaM usake prayojana para prakAza DAlA hai| usake bAda sAmAyika ke pATha 'karemi bhante' kI vyAkhyA karake chaha prakAra ke karaNa kA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA hai| caturviMzatistava meM stava, loka, udyota, dharma, tIrthaMkara Adi padoM para nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai| tRtIya vandanA adhyayana meM vandana ke yogya zramaNa ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura citikarma, kRtikarma, pUjAkarma, vinayakarma ko dRSTAnta dekara samajhAyA gayA hai / avaMdya ko vandana karane kA niSedha kiyA hai| caturtha adhyayana meM pratikramaNa kI paribhASA, pratikramaka, pratikramaNa, aura pratikrAMtavya ina tIna dRSTiyoM se pratikramaNa para vivecana kiyA hai| praticaraNA, pariharaNA, vAraNA, nivRtti, nindA, garhA, zuddhi aura AlocanA para vivecana karate hue udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika aticAra, IryApathikI virAdhanA, prakAmazayyA, bhikSAcaryA, svAdhyAya, Adi meM lagane vAle aticAra, cAra vikathA, cAra dhyAna, pA~ca kriyA, pA~ca kAmaguNa, pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti Adi kA vividha

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464 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dRSTAntoM ke dvArA pratipAdana kiyA hai| upAsaka kI ekAdaza pratimAe~, dvAdaza bhikSu pratimAeM, teraha kriyAsthAna, caudaha bhUtagrAma tathA guNasthAna, pandraha parama adhArmika deva, solaha sUtrakRtAGga ke adhyayana, satraha asaMyama, aThAraha abrahma, unnIsa jJAtAdharmakathA ke adhyayana, bIsa asamAdhisthAna, ikkIsa zabala, bAIsa parISaha, teIsa sUtrakRtAMga ke adhyayana, caubIsa deva, paccIsa bhAvanAe~, chabbIsa-dazAzrutaskandha ke dasa, bRhatkalpa ke chaha aura vyavahAra ke dasa adhyayana / sattAIsa anagAra ke guNa, aTThAIsa prakAra kA AcArakalpa, unatIsa pApazruta, tIsa mohanIyasthAna, ikattIsa siddhoM ke guNa, battIsa yogasaMgraha, tetIsa AzAtanA Adi para cintana karate hue zikSA ke grahaNa aura Asevana ye do bheda kiye haiN| abhaya kumAra kA vistAra se jIvana paricaya diyA hai, sAtha hI samrAT zreNika, cellaNA, sulasA, koNika, ceTaka, udAyI, mahApadmananda, zakaDAla, vararuci, sthUlabhadra, Adi aitihAsika gaktiyoM ke caritra bhI diye haiN| ajJAtopadhAnatA, alobha, titikSA, Arjava, zuci, samyagdarzana, samAdhAna, AcAra, vinaya, dhRti, saMvega, praNidhi, suvidhi, saMbara, Atma-doSa, pratyAkhyAna, kAyotsarga, apramAda, dhyAna, vedanA, saMga, prAyazcitta, ArAdhanA, AzAtanA, asvAdhyAyika, Adi pratikramaNa sambandhI sabhI pramukha viSayoM para udAharaNa sahita prakAza DAlA hai| vrata kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai-prajvalita agni meM praveza karanA zreyaskara hai kintu vrata kA bhaMga karanA anucita hai| vizuddha kArya karate hue maranA zreSTha hai kintu zIla se skhalita hokara jIvita rahanA anucita hai| paJcama adhyayana meM kAyotsarga kA varNana hai| kAyotsarga eka prakAra se AdhyAtmika vraNa cikitsA hai| kAyotsarga meM kAya aura utsarga ye do pada haiN| kAya kA nAma, sthApanA Adi bAraha prakAra ke nikSepoM se varNana kiyA hai aura utsarga kA chaha nikSepoM se / kAyotsarga ke ceSTAkAyotsarga aura abhibhavakAyotsarga ye do bheda haiN| gamana Adi meM jo doSa lagA ho usake pApa se nivRtta hone ke lie ceSTAkAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| hUNa Adi se parAjita hokara jo kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai vaha abhibhavakAyotsarga hai| kAyotsarga ke prazasta evaM aprazasta ye do bheda haiM aura phira ucchita Adi nau bheda haiM / zruta, siddha kI stuti para prakAza DAlakara kSAmaNA kI vidhi para vicAra kiyA hai / anta meM kAyotsarga ke doSa, phala Adi para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 465 SaSTha adhyayana meM pratyAkhyAna kA vivecana hai| isameM samyaktva ke aticAra, zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke aticAra, dasa pratyAkhyAna, chaha prakAra kI vizuddhi, pratyAkhyAna ke guNa, AgAra Adi para aneka dRSTAntoM ke sAtha vivecana kiyA hai| isa prakAra AvazyakacUNi jinadAsagaNI mahattara kI eka mahanIya kRti hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM Aye hue sabhI viSayoM para cUNi meM vistAra ke sAtha spaSTatA kI gaI hai| isameM aneka paurANika, aitihAsika mahApuruSoM ke jIvana uGkita kiye gaye haiM jinakA aitihAsika va sAMskRtika dRSTi se atyadhika mahattva hai| dazavakAlika cUNi (agasyasiMha) dazavakAlika para do cUNiyAM prApta haiN| eka ke kartA agastyasiMha sthavira haiM to dUsarI ke kartA jinadAsagaNI mahattara haiN| sthavira agastyasiMha ne apanI vRtti ko cuNi kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai "cuNNisamAsavayaNeNa dasakAliyaM parisamattaM / " agastyasiMha ne eka bhI mahattvapUrNa zabda nahIM chor3A hai| sabhI mahattvapUrNa zabdoM para unhoMne vyAkhyA kI hai / isa vyAkhyA ke lie unhoMne aneka sthaloM para vibhASA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| unheM apanI vyAkhyA ke lie vibhASA' zabda kA prayoga adhika pasanda hai| bauddha sAhitya meM sUtra-mUla aura vibhASA-vyAkhyA ke ye do prakAra haiN| vibhASA kA mukhya lakSaNa hai ki zabdoM ke jo aneka artha hote haiM una sabhI arthoM ko batAkara prastuta meM jo artha upayukta ho usakA nirdeza karanA cAhie / prastuta cUrNi meM yaha paddhati apanAne ke kAraNa ise 'vibhASA' kahA gayA hai jo sarvathA ucita hai| - caNi sAhitya kI yaha sabase mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai ki aneka dRSTAnta va kathAoM ke mAdhyama se mUla viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai| agastyasiMha sthavira ne apanI caNi meM aneka granthoM ke avataraNa diye haiM jo unakI bahuzrutatA ko vyakta karate haiM / mUla Agama sAhitya meM zraddhA kI atyadhika pramukhatA thI kintu 1. vibhASA zabda kA artha dekheM 'zAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa, prastAvanA pR066 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii|

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466 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA niyukti sAhitya meM anumAnavidyA yA tarkavidyA ko sthAna milaa| usakA vizadIkaraNa prastuta cUNi meM huA hai| usake pazcAt AcArya akalaMka Adi ne isa viSaya ko Age bddh'aayaa| agastyasiMha ke sAmane dazavakAlika kI aneka vattiyA~ thiiN| sambhava hai ve vattiyAM yA vyAkhyAe~ maukhika hoM isalie 'upadeza' zabda kA prayoga huA ho| 'bhadiyAyariovaesa' aura "dattilAyariovaesa" kI unhoMne kaI bAra carcA kI hai / yaha satya hai ki dazavakAlika kI vRttiyAM prAcInakAla se hI prArambha ho cukI thiiN| AcArya aparAjita jo yApanIya the, unhoMne dazavakAlika kI vijayodayA nAmaka TIkA likhI thii| para yaha TIkA sthavira agastyasiMha ke samakSa nahIM thii| agastyasiMha ne apanI cUNi meM aneka matabheda yA vyAkhyAntaroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| . dhyAna kA sAmAnya lakSaNa "egagga cintA-niroho jhANaM" usakI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai ki eka Alambana kI cintA karanA yaha chadamastha kA dhyAna hai| yoga kA nirodha yaha kevalI kA dhyAna hai kyoMki kevalI ko cintA nahIM hotii| jJAnAcAra kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki prAkRta bhASA nibaddha sUtra kA saMskRta rUpAntara nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki vyaJjana meM visaMvAda karane para artha visaMvAda hotA hai| 'rAtribhojanaviramaNavata' ko mUlaguNa mAnA jAya yA uttaraguNa ? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA hai ki yaha uttaraguNa hI hai kintu mUlaguNa kI rakSA hetu hone se mUlaguNa ke sAtha kahA gayA hai| vastrapAtrAdi saMyama aura lajjA ke lie rakhe jAte haiM ata: ve parigraha nahIM haiN| mUrchA hI parigraha hai| colapaTTagAdi kA bhI ullekha hai| dharma kI vyAvahArikatA kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai---anantajJAnI bhI guru kI upAsanA avazya kare / (6 / 1 / 11) 'dehadukkhaM mahAphalaM' kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai 'dukkhaM evaM sahijjamANaM 1 dazavakAlikaTIkAyAM zrI vijayodayAyAM prapaJcitA udgamAdidoSA iti neha pratamyate // -bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA vijayotyA gA0 1995 dekhie-2-26, 3-5, 16-6, 25-5, 64.4, 78-26; 21-34, 100-25, aadi|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 467 mokkhapajjavasANaphalatteNa mahAphalaM / bauddhadarzana ne citta ko hI niyaMtraNa meM lenA Avazyaka mAnA to usakA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA- 'kAya kA bhI niyaMtraNa Avazyaka hai'| dArzanika viSayoM kI carcAe~ bhI yatra-tatra huI haiN| prastuta cUrNi meM tatvArthasUtra, Avazyaka niyukti, oghaniyukti, vyavahArabhASya, kalpabhASya, Adi granthoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai / anderer cUrNa (jinadAsa ) yaha cUrNi dazavekAlika niyukti ke AdhAra se likhI gaI hai| prathama adhyayana meM ekaka, kAla, druma, dharma Adi padoM kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai| AcArya zayyaMbhava kA jIvana-vRtta bhI diyA hai| dasa prakAra ke zramaNadharma, anumAna ke vividha avayava Adi para prakAza DAlA hai| dvitIya adhyayana meM zramaNa ke svarUpa para cintana karate hue pUrva, kAma, pada, zIlAGgasahasra, Adi padoM para vicAra kiyA hai| tRtIya adhyayana meM dRr3ha dhRtika ke AcAra kA pratipAdana hai| usameM mahat, kSullaka, AcAra- darzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra, vIryAcAra, arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA, mizrakathA, anAcIrNa Adi kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyayana meM jIva, ajIva, cAritra, yatanA, upadeza, dharmaphala Adi kA paricaya diyA hai| paJcama adhyayana meM zramaNa ke uttaraguNa - piNDasvarUpa, bhaktapAnaiSaNA, gamanavidhi, gocaravidhi, pAnakavidhi, pariSThApanavidhi, bhojanavidhi Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| SaSThama adhyayana meM dharma, artha, kAma, vrataSaTka, kAyaSaTka, Adi kA pratipAdana hai| isameM AcArya kA saMskRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa para prabhutva dRSTigocara hotA hai / saptama adhyayana meM bhASA sambandhI vivecanA hai| bhASA kI zuddhi, azuddhi, satya, mRSA, satyamRSA, asatyAmRSA para prakAza DAlA hai| aSTama adhyayana meM indriyAdi praNidhiyoM para vicAra kiyA hai| nauveM adhyayana meM lokopacAra vinaya, artha vinaya kAmavinaya, bhayavinaya, mokSavinaya kI vyAkhyA hai| dazama asara meM bhikSu ke guNoM kA utkIrtana kiyA hai| cUlikAoM meM rati, arati, vihAra vidhi gRhivaiyAvRtya kA niSedha, aniketavAsa prabhRti viSayoM se sambandhita vivecanA hai| cUrNi meM taraMgavatI, oghaniryukti, piNDaniryukti Adi granthoM kA nAma nirdeza bhI kiyA gayA hai| bhASA mukhya rUpa se prAkRta hai / isa cUrNa ke racayitA jinadAsagaNI mahattara haiN|

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468 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA uttarAdhyayanacUNi isa cUNi meM uttarAdhyayananiyukti kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| saMyoga, pudgalabaMdha, saMsthAna, vinaya, krodhanivAraNa kA upAya, anuzAsana, parISaha, maraNa, nirgrantha ke pA~ca prakAra, sAta bhaya, jJAna-kriyA Adi para udAharaNa sahita prakAza DAlA gayA hai| strI parISaha ke varNana meM strI ke svabhAva kI caMcalatA Adi durguNoM para prakAza DAlA hai| dazavakAlika aura uttarAdhyayanaNi ye donoM eka hI AcArya kI racanA hai kyoMki isa cUNi meM svayaM AcArya ne likhA hai ki 'prakIrNa tapa kA varNana dazavakAlika cUNi meM kara cukA huuN|' ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki dazavakAlikacUNi ke pazcAt hI uttarAdhyayanacUNi kI racanA kI gaI hai| AcArAMgacUNi AcArAMganiyukti meM jina viSayoM para vivecana kiyA gayA hai unhIM viSayoM para cUNi meM bhI kucha vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| anuyoga, aMga, AcAra, brahma, varNa, AcaraNa, zastra, parijJA, saMjJA, dika, samyaktva, yoni, kama, pRthvI, apa, teja, Adi kAya, loka, vijaya, guNasthAna, paritApa, vihAra, rati, arati, lobha, jugupsA, gotra, jJAti, jAtismaraNa, eSaNA, dezanA, bandhamokSa, zIta-uSNa parISaha, tattvArtha-zraddhA, jIvarakSA, acelakatva, maraNa-saMlekhanA, samanojJatva, tIna yAma, tIna-vastra, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dIkSA, devadUSya vastra, savastratA Adi mukhya viSayoM para vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| niyuktikAra kI bhAMti cUNikAra ne bhI nikSepa daSTi se cintana kiyA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha meM agra, prANasaMsakta, piNDeSaNA, zayyA, IryA, bhASA, vastra, pAtra, avagraha saptaka, saptasataka, bhAvanA, vimukti Adi viSayoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| zramaNAcAra kI pratiSThA sthApita karane ke lie pratyeka viSaya ke vizleSaNa meM usI para dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| prastuta cUNi meM saMskRta ke zloka va prAkRta gAthAe~ anya granthoM se uddhRta kI gaI haiM para uddharaNoM ke sthala kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yadi uddharaNoM ke sthaloM kA nirdeza hotA to sone meM sugandha kA kArya hogaa|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 466 sUtrakRtAMgaNi yaha cUNi bhI sUtrakRtAGganiyukti ke AdhAra se hI likhI gaI hai| isa cUNi kI bhI vahI zailI hai jo AcArAMgacUNi kI hai| yaha cUNi saMskRta mizrita prAkRta bhASA meM likhI gaI hai tathApi prAkRta se adhika saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga huA hai| isa caNi meM maMgalacarcA, tIrtha kI saMsiddhi, saMghAta, visrasAkaraNa, bandhana Adi pariNAma, bhedAdipariNAma, kSetrAdikaraNa, AlocanA, parigraha, mamatA, paJcamahAbhUtika, ekAtmavAda, tajjIvataccharIravAda, AtmavAda, skandhavAda, niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, kartRtvavAda, trirAzivAda, lokacintana, pratijugupsA, vastra Adi kA pralobhana, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke guNa, unakI guNastuti, kuzIlatA, suzIlatA, parAkrama nirUpaNa, samAdhi, dAna, samavasaraNa, vainayikavAda, nAstikamata, sAMkhyamata, IzvarakartRtva, niyativAda, Adi kI carcAeM, bhikSu, AhAra, vanaspati va pRthvIkAyAdi bheda, syAdvAda, AjIvakamata, gozAlakamata, bauddhamata, jAtivAda Adi matoM kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| viSaya-vivecana saMkSepa meM hone para bhI bahuta hI spaSTa hai| ___ jotakalpa-bRhaccUrNi jItakalpa-bRhaccUNi ke racayitA siddhasena sUri mAne jAte haiN| isa cUNi se yaha bhI parijJAta hotA hai ki isa para eka dUsarI cUNi aura bhI thii| cUNi ke prArambha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra, gaNadhara aura viziSTa zrutadhara AcAryoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| una AcAryoM ke nAmoM meM AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ke nAma kA bhI ullekha huA hai| jItakalpabhASya meM jina viSayoM para vistAra se vivecana hai unhIM viSayoM para prastuta cUNi meM saMkSepa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jItavyavahAra ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dasa prakAra ke prAyazcitta, nau prakAra ke vyavahAra, mUlaguNa, uttaraguNa Adi para bhI vivecana huA hai| cUNi meM prArambha se anta taka prAkRta bhASA kA hI prayoga haA hai, 1 ahavA bitiyacunnikArAmipAeNa cattAri... -jItakalpaNi, pR0 23

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500 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie anya aneka granthoM se gAthAe~ uTTaGkita kI gaI haiM para una sthaloM kA nAma nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| nizIthavizeSacUNi nizIthacUNi ke racayitA jinadAsagaNI mahattara haiN| isa cUNi ko vizeSacUNi kahA gayA hai| isa cUNi meM mUla sUtra, niyukti va bhASya gAthAoM kA vivecana hai| isa cUNi kI bhASA saMskRta mizrita prAkRta hai| cUrNikAra ne prathama arihanta, siddha aura sAdhuoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai. aura artha pradAtA pradyumna kSamAzramaNa ko bhI namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| AcAra, ana, prakalpa, cUlikA aura nizItha ina sabakA nikSepa-paddhati se cintana kiyA gayA hai| nizItha kA artha hai, aprakAza-aMdhakAra / aprakAzita vacanoM ke sahI nirNaya hetu nizIthasUtra hai| loka vyavahAra meM bhI nizItha kA prayoga rAtri ke aMdhakAra ke lie hotA hai| nizItha ke anya artha bhI diye gaye haiN| jisase ATha prakAra ke karmapaMka zAnta kiye jAyeM vaha nizItha hai| .. prathama puruSa pratisevaka kA varNana hai usake pazcAt pratisevanA aura pratisevitavya kA svarUpa batAte hue apramAdapratisevanA, sahasAtkaraNa, pramAdapratisevanA, krodha Adi kaSAya, jJAna-darzana-cAritra kI virAdhanA, vikathA, indriya, nidrA Adi aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para vivecana kiyA gayA hai| Alasya, maithuna, nidrA, kSudhA aura Akroza ina pAMcoM kA jitanA sevana kiyA jAya utanA hI ve draupadI ke dukUla kI taraha bar3hate rahate haiN| ...styAnaddhi nidrA vaha hai jisameM tIvra darzanAvaraNa karma kA udaya hotA hai| jisa nidrA meM citta styAna-kaThina yA jama jAya vaha styAnaddhi hai| usake svarUpa ko spaSTa karane ke lie cUrNikAra ne pudgala, modaka, kumbhakAra aura hastIdanta ke udAharaNa diye haiN| ... SaTjIvanikAya kI yatanA, usameM lagane vAle doSa, apavAda aura prAyazcitta kA pIThikA meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| asana, pAna, vasana, vasati, halana-calana, zayana, bhramaNa, bhASaNa, gamana, Agamana Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prANAtipAta kA vivecana karate hue mRSAvAda ko laukika aura lokottara ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| laukika muSAvAda meM zazaka, elASADha, mUladeva, khaNDapANA ina cAra dhUtoM ke AkhyAna haiN| isa

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 501 dhUrtAkhyAna kA mUla AdhAra AcArya haribhadra kRta dhUrtAkhyAna kI prAcIna kathA hai / isake bAda lokottara mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithUna, parigraha aura rAtri bhojana kA varNana hai, jo dapikA sambandhI aura kalpikA sambandhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| dapikA meM una viSayoM meM lagane vAle doSoM kA varNana hai aura una doSoM ke sevana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| kalpikA meM unake apavAdoM kA varNana hai| mUlaguNa pratisevanA ke pazcAta uttaragUNa pratisevanA kA varNana hai| usameM piNDavizuddhi Adi kA varNana hai| pIThikA ke upasaMhAra meM isa bAta para prakAza DAlA hai ki nizItha pIThikA kA sUtrArtha bahuzruta ko hI denA cAhie, ayogya puruSa ko nhiiN| prathama uddezaka meM caturtha mahAvata para vistAra se vizleSaNa hai| isameM pAMca prakAra kI cilimilikAoM ko grahaNa karanA, unakA pramANa, upayoga para prakAza DAlA hai| lAThI aura usakI upayogitA para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| vastra phAr3ane, sIne Adi ke niyamopaniyama bhI batAye haiN| . dvitIya uddezaka meM pAdaproMcchana ke grahaNa, sugandhita padArthoM ke sUMghane, kaThora bhASA kA upayoga karane tathA snAna Adi karane kA niSedha hai aura dAtA kI pUrva va pazcAt stuti kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai| dravya saMstava 64 prakAra kA hai| usameM java, godhUma, zAli Adi 24 prakAra ke dhAnya; suvarNa, tavU, taMba, rajata, lauha, zIzaka, hiraNya, pASANa, vera, maNi, mauktika pravAla, zaMkha, tiniza, agaru, candana, abhilAta vastra, kASTha, danta, carma, bAla, gaMdha, dravya, auSadha ye 24 prakAra ke ratna; bhUmi, ghara, taru ye tIna prakAra ke sthAvara; zakaTa Adi aura manuSya ye do prakAra ke dvipada; gau, uSTrI, mahiSI, aja,meSa, azva, azvatara, ghoTaka, gardabha, hastI ye dasa prakAra ke catuSpada aura 64 vAM kupya upakaraNa hai| zayyAtara kA piNDa agrAhya hai| use grahaNa karane para mAsa laghu kA prAyazcitta hai| (1) sAgArika kauna hotA hai, (2) vaha zayyAtara kaba banatA hai, (3) usake piNDa ke prakAra, (4) azayyAtara kaba banatA hai, (5) sAgArika kisa saMyata dvArA parihartavya hai, (6) sAgArika-piNDa ke grahaNa se doSa, (7) kisa paristhiti meM sAgArika piNDa grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / (5) yatanA se grahaNa karanA, (9) eka yA aneka sAgArikoM se grahaNa karanA Adi viSayoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| sAgArika ke sAgArika, zayyAtara,

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502 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dAtA, ghara, tara ye pA~ca prakAra haiN| zayyA aura saMstAraka kA antara batAte hue kahA hai ki zayyA pUre zarIra ke barAbara hotI hai aura saMstAraka DhAI hAtha lambA hotA hai| usake bhI bheda-prabheda kA vistAra se varNana hai| " upadhi kA vivecana karate hue usake avadhiyukta aura upagRhIta ye do prakAra batAye haiN| jinakalpikoM ke bAraha prakAra kI, sthavirakalpikoM ke lie caudaha prakAra kI aura sAdhviyoM ke lie paccIsa prakAra kI upadhi avadhi yukta hai| jinakalpika pANipAtrabhojI aura pratigrahadhArI ye do prakAra ke hote haiN| unake bhI punaH savastra aura nirvastra ye do prakAra haiN| jinakalpika kI upadhi kI ATha koTiyA~ haiN| unake do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca, no, dasa, gyAraha, bAraha ye bheda haiM / nirvastra pANipAtra kI jaghanya upadhi rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA ye do hotI haiN| yadi pANipAtra savastra hai aura eka kapar3A grahaNa karatA hai to usakI tIna prakAra kI hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM bhikSA grahaNa meM lagane vAle doSoM aura unakI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| anya doSoM ke sambandha meM bhI cintana kiyA hai| caturtha uddezaka meM anukUla aura pratikUla upasarga, kAyotsarga ke vividha prakAra, sAmAcArI, nirgranthI ke sthAna para zramaNa kA praveza, rAjA, amAtya, zreSTha, purohita, sArthavAha, grAmamahattara, rASTramahattara, gaNadhara ke lakSaNa, glAnazramaNI kI sevA, saMraMbha, samAraMbha aura Arambha ke bheda-prabheda, hAsya aura usake utpanna hone ke vividha kAraNoM kA varNana hai| paMcama uddezaka meM prAbhRtika zayyA, chAdana Adi bheda, saparikarma zayyA, usake caudaha prakAroM kA varNana hai| jaina zramaNoM meM paraspara AhAra Adi kA jo vyavahAra hotA hai vaha jaina pAribhASika zabda meM saMbhoga kahalAtA hai aura usa sambandha ko sAMbhogika sambandha kahate haiN| cUrNikAra ne sAMbhogika sambandha ko samajhAne ke lie kucha aitihAsika AkhyAna diye haiM yathA-bhagavAna mahAvIra, unake ziSya sudharmA, unake jambU, unake prabhava, unake zayyaMbhava, unake yazobhadra, unake saMbhUta, unake sthUlabhadra, sthUlabhadra ke Arya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI ye do yugapradhAna ziSya hue| candragupta kA putra bindusAra, usakA azoka aura usakA putra kuNAla huaa| . chaThe uddezaka meM guru cAturmAsika kA varNana hai / isakA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya maithuna sambandhI doSa aura prAyazcitta hai| saptama uddezaka vikRta AhAra, kuNDala, guNa, maNi, tuDiya, tisariya, vAlaMbhA, palaMbA, hAra, ardhahAra,

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 503 ekAvalI, muktAvalI, kanakAvalI, ratnAvalI, padra, mukUTa Adi AbhUSaNa kA svarUpa batAkara unako dhAraNa karane kA niSedha hai va AliGganAdi kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai| aSTama uddezaka meM udyAna, udyAnagRha, udyAnazAlA, niryANa, niryANagRha, niryANazAlA, aTTa, aTTAlaka, carikA, prAkAra, dvAra, gopura, daka, dakamArga, dakapatha, dakatIra, dakasthAna, zUnyagRha, zUnyazAlA, bhinnagRha, bhinnazAlA, kUTAgAra, koSThAgAra, tRNagRha, tRNazAlA, tuSagRha, tuSazAlA, Adi kA artha spaSTa kara zramaNa ko yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki ina sabhI sthAnoM meM akelI mahilA ke sAtha vicaraNa na kre| nizA meM svajana-parijana Adi ke sAtha bhI na rhe| rahane para prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| sAtha hI rAtri meM bhojana Adi kI anveSaNA karanA, grahaNa karanA Adi ke lie bhI prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| nauveM uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki jo mUrdhAbhiSikta hai arthAt jisakA abhiSeka ho cukA hai; jo senApati, amAtya, purohita, zreSThi aura sArthavAha sahita jo rAjya kA upabhoga karatA hai usakA piNDa zramaNa ke lie vayaM hai| jo mUrdhAbhiSikta nahIM haiM unake lie yaha niyama nahIM hai| azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya, vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdatroMcchanaka ye ATha vastueM rAjapiNDa meM AtI haiN| zramaNa ko jIrNAntaHpura, navAntaHpura aura kanyakAntaHpura meM nahIM jAnA caahie| koSThAgAra, bhANDAgAra, pAnAgAra, kSIragRha, gaMjazAlA, mahAnasazAlA Adi kA bhI svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| dasaveM uddezaka meM bhASA kI agAr3hatA, paruSatA Adi kA vivecana kara usake prAyazcitta kA varNana kiyA hai| AdhArmika AhAra ke doSa va prAyazcitta, rugNa kI vaiyAvRtya, usakI yatanA, upekSA karane para prAyazcitta kA vidhAna / varSAvAsa, paryuSaNA ke ekArthaka zabda / Arya kAlaka kI bhaginI sarasvatI jo atyanta rUpavatI thI-ujjayinI ke rAjA gardabhilla dvArA usake apaharaNa Adi kI kathA dI gaI hai| ..gyArahaveM uddezaka meM pAtra-grahaNa kI carcA hai| bhaya ke pahale cAra bheda kiye haiM-(1) pizAca Adi se utpanna bhaya, (2) manuSyAdi se utpanna bhaya, (3) vanaspati se utpanna bhaya, aura (4) akasmAt utpanna hone vAlA bhaya / phira ihaloka, paraloka Adi sAta bhaya batAye haiN|

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504 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA "", ayogya dIkSA kA niSedha karate hue kahA hai ki aThAraha prakAra ke puruSa, bIsa prakAra kI striyA~ aura dasa prakAra ke napuMsaka ye ayogya haiN| bAla dIkSA ke tIna bheda kiye haiM-(1) sAta-ATha varSa kA bAlaka utkRSTa bAla hai, (1) pAMca-chaha varSa kI Ayu vAlA madhyama bAla hai aura (3) cAra varSa taka kI Ayu vAlA jaghanya bAla hai| ye sabhI dIkSA ke ayogya haiM / ATha varSa se adhika Ayu vAlA bAlaka hI dIkSA ke yogya mAnA gayA hai / vRddha, rogI, unmatta, mUr3ha Adi jo dIkSA ke ayogya haiM unakA bhI vividha bhedoM se varNana kiyA hai| prasaMgAnusAra solaha prakAra ke roga, ATha prakAra kI vyAdhiyoM kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| vyAdhi aura roga meM yahI antara hai ki vyAdhi kA nAza zIghra hotA hai kintu roga kA nAza lambe samaya meM hotA hai| bAla-maraNa aura paNDitamaraNa para bhI vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai|| bArahaveM uddezaka meM trasa prANI sambandhI bandhana va mukti, pratyAkhyAna, bhaMga Adi kA varNana huA hai / terahaveM uddezaka meM snigdha pRthvI, zilA Adi para kAyotsarga, gRhastha ko kaTaka vacana, maMtra, lAbha va hAni; dhAtu kA sthAna Adi batAnA; vamana-virecana pratikarma karanA, pArzvastha, kuzIla kI prazaMsA va vandana; dhAtrIpiNDa, dutIpiNDa, nimittapiNDa, cikitsApiNDa, krodhAdipiNDa kA bhoga karanA ye sabhI caturlaghu prAyazcitta ke yogya haiM / caudahaveM uddezaka meM pAtra sambandhI doSoM kA nirUpaNa kara usase mukta hone ke lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| pandrahaveM uddezaka meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko sacitta Ama khAne kA niSedha kiyA hai| dravya Ama ke ussetima, saMsetima, uvakkhaDa aura pAliya ye cAra bheda haiM aura palita Ama ke cAra prakAra batAye haiN| zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI dRSTi se tAlapralamba ke grahaNa kI vidhi para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| solahaveM uddezaka meM zramaNa ko dehavibhUSA aura atyujjvala upadhidhAraNa kA niSedha kiyA hai| zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko aise sthAna para rahanA cAhie jahA~ para rahane se unake brahmacarya kI virAdhanA na ho| jugupsita yAni ghRNita kula meM AhAra grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| jugupsita itvarika aura yAvatkathika rUpa meM do prakAra hai| sUtaka Adi vAle ghara kucha samaya ke lie jugupsita hote haiM / luhAra, kalAla, carmakAra ye yAvakathika-jugupsita kula haiN| pUrva meM magadha se lekara pazcima meM sthUNA paryanta aura dakSiNa meM

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 505 kauzAmbI se lekara uttara meM kuNAlA paryanta Arya deza hai, jahA~ para zramaNa ko vicaranA cAhie / bhASyakAra kI bhI yahI mAnyatA rahI hai| satrahaveM uddezaka meM gIta, hAsya, vAdya, nRtya, abhinaya Adi kA svarUpa batAkara zramaNa ke lie unakA AcaraNa karanA yogya nahIM mAnA gayA hai, aura prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| aThArahaveM uddezaka meM naukA sambandhI doSoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| naukA para ArUr3ha honA, naukA kharIdanA, naukA ko jala se sthala aura sthala se jala meM lenA, naukA meM pAnI bharanA yA khAlI karanA, naukA ko khenA, nAva se rassI bA~dhanA Adi ke prAyazcitta kA varNana hai| unnIsaveM uddezaka meM svAdhyAya aura adhyApana ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA hai| svAdhyAya kA kAla, akAla, viSaya, asvAdhyAya kAla meM svAdhyAya karane se lagane vAle doSa, ayogya vyakti ko, pArzvastha va kuzIla ko adhyayana karAne se lagane vAle doSa, aura yogya vyakti ko na par3hAne se lagane vAle doSoM para prakAza DAlA hai| bIsaveM uddezaka meM mAsika Adi parihAra sthAna, pratisevana, Alocana, prAyazcitta Adi para cintana kiyA gayA hai| cUNi ke upasaMhAra meM lekhaka ne apanA nAma jinadAsagaNI mahattara batAyA hai aura cUNi kA nAma vizeSacUNi likhA hai| prastuta cUNi kA cUNi sAhitya meM eka viziSTa sthAna hai| isameM AcAra ke niyamopaniyama kI savistRta vyAkhyA hai| bhArata kI sAMskRtika, sAmAjika, dArzanika prAcIna sAmagrI kA isameM anUThA saMgraha hai| aneka aitihAsika aura paurANika kathAoM kA sundara saMkalana hai| dhUrtAkhyAna, taraMgavatI, malayavatI, magadhasena, Arya kAlaka, Adi kI kathAeM preraNAtmaka haiN| dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi dazAzrutaskandhacUNi kA mUla AdhAra dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti hai| prathama maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt dasa adhyayanoM ke adhikAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jo sarala aura sugama hai| mUla pATha meM aura cUrNi sammata pATha meM kiJcit antara hai| yaha cUNi mukhya rUpa se prAkRta bhASA meM hai, yatra-tatra saMskRta zabdoM va vAkyoM ke prayoga bhI dikhalAI dete haiN|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA bRhatkalpaNi isa cUrNa kA AdhAra mUlasUtra va laghubhASya hai / dazAzrutaskandhacUrNi kA aura bRhatkalpafrNa kA prArambhika aMza prAyaH milatA-julatA hai| bhASA vijJoM kA mantavya hai ki bRhatkalpacUrNi se dazAzrutaskandhacUrNa prAcIna hai / yaha sambhava hai ki ye donoM hI cUrNiyA~ eka hI AcArya kI hoN| prastuta cUrNi meM pIThikA aura chaha uddezaka haiN| prArambha meM jJAna ke svarUpa para cintana kiyA gayA hai| abhidhAna aura abhidheya ko kathaJcit bhinna aura kathaJcit abhinna batAte hue vRkSa zabda ke chaha bhASAoM meM paryAya diye haiN| jise saMskRta meM vRkSa kahate haiM vahI prAkRta meM rukkha, magadha meM odaNa, lATa meM kUra, damila-tamila meM cora aura AMdhra meM iDAku kahA jAtA hai / cUrNa meM tasvArthAdhigama, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, karma-prakRti, mahAkalpa, govindaniyukti Adi granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bhASA saMskRta mizrita prAkRta hai| cUrNi meM prArambha se anta taka lekhaka ke nAma kA nirdeza nahIM huA hai| 506 4 0

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TIkA-sAhitya : eka vivecana D jinamatagaNI kSamAzramaNa kI svopatravRtti o AcArya haribhadra ko vRttiyA~ - koTyAcArya kA vivaraNa - AcArya gandhahastI kA vivaraNa - AcArya zIlAMka kI vRttiyA~ 0 vANivetAla zAMtisUrikRta vRtti droNAcAryakRta vRtti [] AcArya abhayaveva aura unakI vRsiyAM AcArya malayagiri kI vRttiyA~ malabArI hemacandra kI vRttiyA~ nemicandrakRta vRtti zrIcandrasUri racita TIkAe~ anya TIkAe~ kalpasUtra aura usako TokAeM - lokabhASAoM meM racita vyAkhyAe~

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TIkA sAhitya : eka vivecana mUla Agama, niyukti aura bhASya sAhitya prAkRta bhASA meM nirmita hai| cUrNi sAhitya meM pradhAnarUpa se prAkRta bhASA hai para gauNa rUpa se saMskRta bhASA kA bhI prayoga huA hai| usake pazcAt saMskRta TIkAoM kA yuga aayaa| yaha yuga jaina sAhitya meM svaNimayuga ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| isa yuga meM AgamoM para to TIkAe~ likhI ho gaIM parantu sAtha hI sAtha niyuktiyoM bhASyoM aura TIkAoM para TIkAe~ racI gaI haiN| niryukti sAhitya meM AgamoM ke zabdoM kI vyAkhyA va vyutpatti hai / bhASya sAhitya meM vistAra se AgamoM ke gambhIra bhAvoM kA vivecana hai / cUrNi sAhitya meM nigUr3ha bhAvoM ko lokakathAoM ke AdhAra se samajhAne kA prayAsa hai to TIkA sAhitya meM AgamoM kA dArzanika dRSTi se vizleSaNa hai / TIkAkAroM ne prAcIna niryukti, bhASya aura cUrNi sAhitya kA apanI TIkAoM meM prayoga kiyA hI hai kintu naye-naye hetuoM dvArA unheM aura bhI adhika puSTa kiyA hai| saMkSipta aura vistRta donoM prakAra kI TIkAe~ nirmita huI haiN| TIkAoM ke lie vividha nAmoM kA prayoga AcAryoM ne kiyA hai, yathATIkA, vRtti, vivRtti, vivaraNa, vivecana, vyAkhyA, vArtika, dIpikA, avacUri, avacUrNa, paMjikA, TippaNa, Tippanaka, paryAya, stabaka, pIThikA, akSarArtha / Agama ke vyAkhyAtmaka granthoM meM TIkAoM kA apanA mahattva hai| sabhI TIkAe~ saMskRta bhASA meM likhI gaI haiN| saMskRta sAhitya meM inakA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| ina TIkAoM meM kevala Agamika tattvoM para vivecana hI nahIM hai apitu anyAnya jaina va jainetara paramparAoM kA bhI isameM samucita Akalana huA hai| inake adhyayana aura parizIlana se usa yuga kI sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, rAjanItika aura bhaugolika paristhitiyoM kA bhI samyak parijJAna ho jAtA hai| TIkA sAhitya ke racayitA sAhitya, vyAkaraNa tathA bhASA-vijJAna ke prakANDa paNDita the| unheM sAmAjika paramparAoM kA bhI gUr3ha jJAna thaa| sAtha hI itihAsa, bhUgola, rasAyanazAstra, zarIra vijJAna, auSadhi vijJAna kA

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 506. unheM acchA paricaya thaa| jaMtra-maMtra aura taMtra ke rahasyoM ke bhI jJAtA the jisakI spaSTa jhAMkI hameM TIkA sAhitya meM milatI hai / Star sAhitya kA yuga saMskRta bhASA ke utkarSa kA kAla thA / kucha sthaloM para to saMskRta bhASA jana bhASA ke rUpa meM mAnya kara lI gaI thii| jainAcArya isa kSetra meM kahA~ pIche rahane vAle the ? unhoMne anekAneka granthoM kA saMskRta bhASA meM praNayana kara jo sAhitya kI sevA kI vaha advitIya thI / unhoMne AgamoM para hI nahIM Agametara granthoM para bhI TIkAe~ likhiiN| mahAkavi vANa racita ' kAdambarI' para bhI unakI TIkA hai| jo anya sabhI TIkAoM se sarvotkRSTa mAnI jAtI hai / TIkA sAhitya kA yuga saMkrAnti kAla thA / jainetara dArzanika jaina dharma ke unmUlana kA prayatna kara rahe the| zAstrArtha ke lie AhvAna kiyA jAtA thA aura jainAcArya unake tarkoM kA akATya uttara dete the| unhoMne nyAyagranthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| Agama kI TIkAoM meM bhI anya darzanoM kI TIkAoM ke nirasana kA saphala prayAsa kiyA gayA / jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kI svopajJavRtti Agama sAhitya para sarvaprathama saMskRta bhASA meM TIkA likhane vAle jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa haiN| unhoMne apane vizeSAvazyakabhASya para svopajJavRtti likhI, para yaha vRtti ve apane jIvana kAla meM pUrNa na kara ske| ve chaThe gaNadhara vyakta taka hI TIkA likha ske| unakI zailI saMkSipta, sarala, sarasa va prasAdaguNa yukta thii| unakI prastuta TIkA unake pazcAt koTyAcArya ne pUrNa kii| isakA saMketa koTyAcArya ne chaThe gaNadharavAda ke anta meM diyA hai / jinabhadra kA bhASya cUrNi aura TIkA ke vyAkhyAkAra ke rUpa meM apUrva yogadAna rahA hai / bhASyakAra ke rUpa meM unakI khyAti sarvavidita hai / anuyogadvAra ke aMgulapada para bhI unakI cUrNi hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI svopajJavRtti meM unakA TIkAkAra rUpa bhI nikharA hai| AcArya haribhadra kI vRttiyA~ saMskRta TIkAkAroM meM AcArya haribhadra kA nAma sarvaprathama AtA hai / ye saMskRta bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita the| unakA sattA samaya vi0 saM0 757 se 827 kA hai| prabhAvakacaritra ke anusAra unake dIkSAguru AcArya jinabhaTa the

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51. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA para svayaM unake ullekhAnusAra jinabhaTa unake gacchapati guru the kintu jinadatta unake dIkSAguru the / yAkinI mahattarA unakI dharmamAtA thiiN| unakA kUla vidyAdhara thaa| gaccha evaM sampradAya zvetAmbara thaa| AcArya haribhadra ne 1444 granthoM kI racanA kI thii| rAjazekhara sari ne caturvizatiprabandha evaM muni kSamAkalyANa ne kharataragaccha kI paTTAvalI meM likhA hai ki bauddhoM ke saMhAra karane ke saMkalpa ke kAraNa unake guru ne 1444 grantha likhane kI AjJA pradAna kI thii| AcArya haribhadra ne apane pratyeka grantha ke anta meM 'viraha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| prabhAvakacaritrAnusAra apane do atyanta priya ziSyoM ke viraha se vyathita hokara hI unhoMne pratyeka grantha ke anta meM 'viraha' zabda likhA hai| vartamAna meM haribhadra sUri ke 75 grantha milate haiN| jinameM unake prakANDa pANDitya aura vilakSaNa pratibhA ke saMdarzana hote haiN| unakI mudrita TIkAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai nandIvRtti isa vRtti meM nandINi kA hI rUpAntara kiyA gayA hai| isameM unhIM viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai jo nandINi meM haiN| TIkAkAra ne kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karate hue usake yaugapadya ke samarthana hetu siddhasena kA nAma batAyA hai, kramikatva ke lie jinabhadra kA aura abheda ke samarthana ke lie vRddhAcAryoM kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai| vijJoM kA aisA mantavya hai ki isameM jina siddhasena kA nAma AyA hai ve siddhasena divAkara se pRthak haiM, kyoMki siddhasena divAkara to abhedabAda ke pravartaka haiN| kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana ko yugapat mAnane kI paramparA digambaroM kI hai| anuyogadvAravRtti anuyogadvAravRtti kA nirmANa bhI anuyogadvAraNi ke AdhAra se huA * hai| prathama bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| Avazyaka zabda para nikSepa paddhati se cintana kiyA hai / zruta para nikSepa paddhati se vicAra kara TIkAkAra ne caturvidha zruta ke svarUpa ko Avazyaka vivaraNa se samajhAne kA 1 sitAmbarAcAryajinabhaTanigadAnusAriNo vidyAdharakulatilakAcAryajinadattaziSyasya dharmato yAkinImahattarAsUnoH alpamateH AcAryaharibhadrasya / -bAvazyakaniyukti TIkA kA anta

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 511 sUcana kiyA hai| skandha, upakrama Adi ko bhI nikSepa kI dRSTi se samajhAne ke pazcAt vistAra ke sAtha AnupUrvI kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| AnupUrvI ke anukrama, anuparipATI, ye paryAyavAcI batAye haiN| AnupUrvI ke pazcAt dvinAma se lekara dazanAma taka kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| pramANa para cintana karate hue vividha aMguloM ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai aura samaya se lekara palyopama-sAgaropama taka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / bhAva pramANa ke varNana meM pratyakSa, anumAna aupamya, Agama, darzana, cAritra, naya aura saMkhyA para vicAra kiyA hai| jJAnanaya aura kriyAnaya ke samanvaya kI upayogitA siddha kI gaI hai| isa vRtti kA nirmANa nandIvRtti ke pazcAt haA hai| dazavakAlikavRtti dazavakAlika vRtti ke nirmANa kA mUla AdhAra dazavakAlikaniyukti hai| isa vRtti kA nAma ziSyabodhinIvRtti yA bRhavRtti bhI kahA gayA hai| dazavakAlika kA nirmANa kaise huA? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM zayambhavAcArya kA sampUrNa jIvana-vRtta diyA gayA hai| tapa ke varNana meM AtaM, raudra, dharma aura zukla dhyAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| aneka prakAra ke zrotA hote haiN| unakI dRSTi se pratijJA, heta, udAharaNa vibhinna avayavoM kI upayogitA, unake doSoM kI zuddhi kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dvitIya adhyayana kI vRtti meM zramaNa, pUrva, kAma, pada Adi zabdoM para cintana karate hue tIna yoga, tIna karaNa, cAra saMjJA, pA~ca indriyA~, pA~ca sthAvara, dasa zramaNadharma, aThAraha zIlAMgasahasra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyayana kI vRtti meM mahat kSullaka padoM kI vyAkhyA hai| pAMca AcAra, cAra kathAoM kA udAharaNa sahita vivecana hai| caturtha adhyayana kI vRtti meM jIva ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| pAMca mahAvata, chaThA rAtribhojana viramaNavrata, zramaNadharma kI durlabhatA kA citraNa hai| paJcama adhyayana kI vRtti meM AhAra viSayaka vivecana hai| chaThe adhyayana kI vRtti meM vrataSaTka, kAyaSaTka, akalpa, gRhibhAjana, paryaGka, niSadyA, snAna aura zobhA barjana ina aSTAdaza sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai| jisake parijJAna se hI zramaNa apane AcAra kA nirdoSa pAlana kara sakatA hai| sAtaveM adhyayana kI vyAkhyA meM bhASA zUddhi para cintana kiyA hai| AThaveM adhyayana kI vyAkhyA meM AcArapraNidhi kI prakriyA aura usake phala para prakAza DAlA hai| nauveM adhyayana meM vinaya ke vividha prakAra aura usase hone

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512 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vAle phala kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dasaveM adhyayana kI vRtti meM subhikSu kA svarUpa batAyA hai / cUlikAoM meM bhI dharma ke ratijanaka, aratijanaka kAraNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prastuta vRtti meM aneka prAkRta kathAnaka va prAkRta tathA saMskRta bhASA ke uddharaNa bhI Aye haiM / dArzanika cintana bhI yatra-tatra mukharita huA hai| prajJApanApradezavyAkhyA prastuta vRtti prajJApanAsUtra ke padoM para hai| yaha vRtti saMkSipta, sArapUrNa aura sarala hai / yatra-tatra saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA ke uddharaNoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prathama maMgala kA mahatva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai aura usake vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie Avazyaka TIkA ko dekhane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / prasaMgAnusAra bhavya aura abhavya kA svarUpa bhI batAyA hai / prajJApanA kA viSaya jIvaprajJApanA aura ajIvaprajJApanA kA varNana kara ekendriyAdi jIvoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| dvitIya pada kI vyAkhyA meM pA~ca sthAvara tIna vikalendriya Adi sthAnoM kA varNana hai / tRtIya pada kI vyAkhyA meM kAyA Adi ke alpabahutva, veda, lezyA, indriyoM kI dRSTi se jIva vicAra, loka kI dRSTi se alpa-bahutva, Ayu ke baMdha kI dRSTi se, pudgala kI dRSTi se, dravya kI dRSTi se, avagADhatva kI dRSTi se alpabahutva kA varNana hai / caturtha pada meM nArakIya jIvoM kI sthiti kA varNana hai / paJcama pada meM nAraka paryAya, avagAha SaTsthAnaka, karmasthiti, jIvaparyAya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| chaThe aura sAtaveM pada meM nAraka ke viraha kAla kA varNana hai / AThaveM pada meM saMjJAoM kA vizleSaNa hai| saMjJA kA artha Abhoga yA manovijJAna hai| manovijJAna kI dRSTi se saMjJA kA mahatva vizeSa rUpa se hai / Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se yadi hama cintana kareM to saMjJA ko jJAna aura saMvedana meM evaM kriyA ko abhivyakti aura pravRtti meM samAviSTa kara sakate haiN| oghasaMjJA ko darzanopayoga aura lokasaMjJA ko jJAnopayoga kahA jA sakatA hai| navama pada kI vyAkhyA meM vividha yoniyoM para cintana kiyA hai| dazama pada meM ratnaprabhA prabhRti pRthviyoM kA carama aura acarama kI dRSTi se vivecana hai| gyArahaveM pada meM bhASA ke svarUpa para vicAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai / bArahaveM pada kI vyAkhyA meM audArika Adi zarIra ke svarUpa para sAmAnya vivecana hai / terahaveM pada meM jIva ajIva ke anekavidha pariNAmoM para cintana

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 513 hai / gati, indriya, kaSAya, lezyA, yoga, upayoga, jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura veda ye jIva ke pariNAma haiN| agale padoM kI vyAkhyA meM kaSAya, indriya, prayoga, lezyA, kAyasthiti, antakriyA, avagAhanA, saMsthAna Adi, kriyAe~, karmaprakRti, karmabaMdha, AhAra pariNAma, upayoga, pazyatA, saMjJA, saMyama, avadhi, pravIcAra, vedanA, samudghAta Adi para vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AvazyakavRtti * prastuta vRtti Avazyaka niyukti para kI gaI hai| kintu AvazyakacUrNi ke padoM kA isameM anusaraNa na karake sarvatantra svatantra rUpa se viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| prastuta vRtti ko dekhakara vijJoM ne yaha anumAna kiyA hai ki AcArya haribhadra ne AvazyakasUtra para do vRttiyA~ likhIM thiiN| vartamAna meM jo TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai vaha TIkA upalabdha TIkA se bar3I thI kyoMki AcArya ne svayaM likhA hai 'vyAsArthastu vizeSavivaraNAdavagantavya iti / ' anveSaNA karane para bhI vaha TIkA abhI taka mila nahIM sakI hai| vRtti meM jJAna kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue Abhinibodhika jJAna kA yaha dRSTiyoM se vivecana kiyA hai| zruta, avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevala jJAna kA bhI bheda Adi kI dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyika Adi ke 23 dvAroM kA vivecana niyukti ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai / sAmAyika ke nirgama-dvAra meM kulakaroM kI utpatti aura unake pUrvabhavoM ke sambandha meM bhI sUcana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna RSabha ke pUrvabhava, unake saMvatsara ke pazcAt pAraNe kA kathAnaka dekara vizeSa jijJAsuoM ko vasudevahiMDa dekhane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| arihanta pratyakSarUpa se sAmAyika ke artha kI anubhUti karate haiN| unakI abhivyakti ko sunakara gaNadharoM kI samasta zaMkAe~ naSTa ho jAtI haiN| unheM unakI sarvajJatA meM pUrNa vizvAsa ho jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM gayA hai| kiyA hai| saMketa kiyA gayA dhyAna ke prasaMga meM paristhApanA vidhi niryukti aura cUrNa meM jina viSayoM kA hai unhIM kA isameM atyadhika vistAra kiyA dhyAna zataka kI samasta gAthAoM para vivecana para prakAza DAlate hue sampUrNa paristhApanA niryukti uddhRta kI gaI hai| prastuta vRtti meM prAkRta bhASA meM dRSTAnta bhI viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie diye gaye haiM aura isa vRtti kA nAma ziSyahitA hai| isakA granthamAna

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514 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 22000 zloka pramANa hai| lekhaka ne anta meM apanA saMkSepa meM paricaya bhI diyA hai| koTyAcArya kA vivaraNa koTyAcArya ne AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ke apUrNa svopajJa bhASya ko pUrNa kiyA aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya para eka navIna vRtti bhI likhI hai para unhoMne vRtti meM AcArya haribhadra kA kahIM para bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ye haribhadra ke samakAlIna yA pUrvavartI hoMge / koTyAcArya ne jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kA zraddhAsnigdha smaraNa kiyA hai| maladhArI AcArya hemacandra ne apanI vizeSAvazyakabhASyavRtti meM koTyAcArya kA prAcIna TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| prabhAvakacaritrakAra ne AcArya zIlAMka aura koTyAcArya ko eka mAnA hai parantu zIlAMka aura koTyAcArya donoM kA samaya eka nahIM hai| koTyAcArya kA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM zatI hai to zIlAMka kA samaya vikrama kI nauvIM-dasavIM zatI hai ata: ve donoM pRthak-pRthak haiN| ___ koTyAcArya kA prastuta vizeSAvazyakabhASya para jo vivaraNa hai vaha na ati saMkSipta hai aura na ati vistRta hI hai| vivaraNa meM jo kathAyeM udraDita kI haiM ve prAkRta bhASA meM haiN| vivaraNa kA granthamAna 13700 zloka pramANa hai| AcArya gandhahastI kA vivaraNa AcArya zIlAMka ne apane AcArAMga vivaraNa meM likhA hai ki 'AcArya gaMdhahastI ne AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana zastraparijJA para vivaraNa likhA thA jo atyanta kliSTa thaa|' vartamAna meM vaha anupalabdha hai|' tattvArthabhASya para bRhadvatti likhane vAle siddhasena jinakA apara nAma gaMdhahastI thA-ve aura AcArAMga ke vivaraNakAra siddhasena ye donoM eka hI vyakti haiN| inakA samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM aura nauvIM zatI ke madhya kA hai| ye Agama ke marmajJa vidvAna the| Agama viruddha mAnyatAoM ke khaNDana karane meM ye atinipuNa the| ata: inheM gaMdhahastI kahA gayA ho| zastraparijJAvivaraNa anupalabdha hone se usa sambandha meM kucha bhI likhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| nirvRtikulIna zrI zIlAcAryeNa tattvAdityAparanAmnA vAharisAdhusahAyena kRtA TIkA parisamApteti / -AcArAMgaTIkA pra0 sa0 kA manta

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 515 AcArya zIlAMka kI vRttiyAM ___ AcArya zIlAGka kA vizeSa paricaya anupalabdha hai| unakA apara nAma zIlAcArya va tattvAditya bhI thA / ' prabhAvakacaritra ke anusAra unhoMne nau aMgoM para TIkAe~ likhI thIM kintu isa samaya AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga, ina do AgamoM para hI TIkAe~ saMprApta hotI haiN| zIlAka kA samaya vikrama kI nauvIM-dasavIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| unakA kula nirvati thaa| AcArAMgavRtti yaha vRtti mulapATha aura usakI niyukti para kI gaI hai| isameM pratyeka viSaya kI vistAra se vyAkhyA hai| prArambha meM AcArya ne yaha batAyA hai ki 'gandhahastI kRta zastra-parijJA-vivaraNa kaThinatara hai ata: maiM sugama vivaraNa likhNgaa'| bhASA, zailI, sAmagrI sabhI dRSTi se vivaraNa subodha likhane kA saMkalpa kiyA gayA hai| chaThe adhyayana ke anta meM yaha batAyA hai ki sAtaveM mahAparijJA adhyayana kA vyavaccheda ho gayA hai| vimokSa nAma ke aSTama adhyayana ke SaSTha uddezaka kI vRtti meM grAma, nagara Adi kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| vivaraNa kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| TIkA kA zabda-zarIra jitanA bhI vyAkhyA sAhitya hai usameM sabase bar3A hai| prastuta prathama zrutaskandha kI vRtti gupta saM 772 bhAdra zuklA paMcamI ke dina gambhUtA meM pUrNa huii|2 dvitIya zrutaskandha kI vyAkhyA karate hue agrazrutaskandha yaha nAma kyoM rakhA gayA hai isa prazna para cintana kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMgavRtti AcArya zIlA ne sUtrakRtAGga para bhI vRtti likhI hai| yaha vRtti mUla aura niyukti para hai| isameM dArzanika cintana kI pradhAnatA hai| svamata aura paramata kI mAnyatAoM kA nirUpaNa karake svamata kI mahattA kA pratipAdana 1 brahmacaryAkhyazrutaskandhasya nitikulInazIlAcAryeNa tattvAdityAparanAmnA bAharisAdhusahAyena kRtA TIkA prismaaptaa| -AcArAMgavRti patra 287 2 dvAsaptatyaSikeSu hi zateSu saptasu gateSu guptAnAm / saMvatsareSu mAsi ca, bhAdrapada zuklapaJcamyAm / / zIlAcAryeNakRtA gambhUtAyAM sthitena ttiikssaa| samyagupayujya zodhyaM mAtsaryavinAkRtairAyaH / / -AcArAMgavRtti patra 287

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516 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kiyA gayA hai / vatti meM yatra-tatra viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie anya zloka va gAthAoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai kintu usake racayitA kA kahIM para bhI nAma nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| isa batti ke lekhana ke samaya AcArya zIlAMka ko bAharigaNI kA madhura sahayoga saMprApta huA jisakA vRttikAra ne nirdeza kiyA hai| prastuta TIkA kA granthamAna 12850 zloka pramANa hai| vAdivetAla zAntisUri kRta vRtti zAntisUri eka pratibhAsampanna AcArya the| unakA janma rAdhanapura ke sannikaTa uNa-unnatAyu gA~va meM huA thaa| gRhasthAzrama meM inakA nAma bhIma thaa| inhoMne vijayasiMha sUri jo thArApada gacchIya the unake pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| pATaNa ke rAjA bhImarAva kI sabhA meM ye kavi tathA vAdicakravartI ke rUpa meM vizruta the / mahAkavi dhanapAla ke atyAgraha para mahArAjA bhoja kI sabhA meM bhI gaye the aura vahAM para 84 vAdiyoM ko parAjita kiyA thA jisase rAjA bhoja ne unheM 'vAdivetAla' kI upAdhi se samalaMkRta kiyaa| unhoMne mahAkavi dhanapAla kI tilakamaMjarI kA saMzodhana kiyA thA, anta meM vikrama saMvat 1096 meM 25 dina ke anazana ke pazcAt samAdhipUrvaka giranAra para svargastha hue| zAntisUri ne tilakamaMjarI para eka TippaNa likhA thaa| jIvavicAra prakaraNa, caitya vandana mahAbhASya aura uttarAdhyayanavRtti inakI mahattva pUrNa racanAe~ mAnI jAtI haiN| . uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA kA nAma 'ziSyahitAvRtti' mAnA jAtA hai| isakA apara nAma 'pAiaTIkA' bhI hai kyoMki isa TIkA meM prAkRta kI kathAoM va uddharaNoM kI atyadhika bahulatA hai / TIkA mUla sUtra va niyukti ina donoM para hai| TIkA bhASA va zailI kI dRSTi se madhura va sarasa hai| viSaya kI puSTi ke lie bhASyagAthAe~ bhI prayukta huI haiM / pAThAntara bhI diye gaye haiN| prathama adhyayana kI vyAkhyA meM naya kA svarUpa batAyA hai| naya kI saMkhyA para cintana karate hue kahA hai ki pUrvavidoM ne sakalanayasaMgrAhI sAtasau nayoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai / usa samaya 'saptazatAranayacakra' vidyamAna thaa| tatsaMgrAhI vidhi Adi kA prarUpaNa karane vAlA bAraha prakAra ke nayoM kA 'dvAdazAranayacakra' saMpatti bhI upalabdha hai|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 517 dvitIya adhyayana meM vaizeSika darzanakAra kaNAda ne Izvara kI jo kalpanA kI hai aura vedoM ko apauruSeya kahA hai usa kalpanA ko asaMgata batAkara usakA tArkika dRSTi se nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| acelaka parISaha kA vivecana karate hue kahA - vastra dharma sAdhanA meM ekAnta rUpa se bAdhaka nahIM hai| dharma kA vAstavika bAdhaka tattva kaSAya hai| kaSAyayukta dhAraNa kiyA gayA vastra bAdhaka hai / jo dhArmika sAdhanA ke lie vastra dhAraNa karatA hai vaha sAdhaka hai / jaise pAtra Adi / caturtha adhyayana kI vRtti meM jIvakaraNa para vicAra karate hue jIvabhAvakaraNa ke zrutakaraNa aura nozrutakaraNa ye do bheda haiN| punaH zrutakaraNa ke -baddha aura abaddha ye do bheda haiN| baddha ke nizItha aura anizItha ye do bheda haiN| unake bhI laukika aura lokottara ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| nizItha Adi lokottara nizItha hai aura bRhadAraNyaka Adi laukika nizItha hai / AcArAMga Adi lokottara anizIthazruta haiM / purANa Adi laukika anizItha zruta haiN| laukika aura lokottara bheda se abaddhazruta ke bhI do prakAra haiN| abaddhazruta ke liye kaI kathAeM bhI dI gaI haiN| prastuta TIkA meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya, uttarAdhyayanacUrNi Avazyaka cUrNi, saptazatAranayacakra, nizItha, bRhadAraNyaka, uttarAdhyayanabhASya, strInirvANa sUtra, Adi granthoM kA nirdeza hai| sAtha hI jinabhadra, bhartRhari, vAcaka siddhasena, vAcaka azvasena, vAtsyAyana, zivazarman, hArila vAcaka, gaMdhahastin, jinendrabuddhi Adi vyaktiyoM ke nAma bhI TIkA meM Aye haiN| droNAcAryakRta vRti droNAcArya ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| ve pATaNa jaina saMgha ke pramukha the| unhoMne navAGgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri kI TIkAoM kA saMzodhana kiyA thaa| unakA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI hai| unhoMne oghanirmukti va laghubhASya para vRtti likhI hai / usameM bhASA kI saralatA aura zailI kI madhuratA kA madhura saMgama hai| mUla padoM ke zabdArtha ke sAtha, una sabhI viSayoM para saMkSepa meM vivecana bhI kiyA gayA hai| prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA ke uddharaNoM kA bhI yatra-tatra prayoga huA hai| prathama paMcaparameSThI ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyika kA varNana karate hue upakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya ye cAra anuyogadvAra haiN| usameM

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518 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA niyuktyanugama aura sUtrAnugama ye do bheda anugama ke kiye haiN| nikSepa, upodaghAta aura sUtrasparza ye tIna niryuktyanugama ke bheda haiN| uddeza, nirdeza Adi chabbIsa prakAra upodghAta niyuktyanugama ke kiye gaye haiN| unameM se kAla ke, nAma, sthApanA, dravya, addhA, yathAyuSka, upakrama, deza, kAla, pramANa, varNa, bhAva Adi bheda haiN| inameM se upakramakAla ke sAmAcArI aura yathAyuSka ye do prakAra haiM / sAmAcArI upakramakAla ke ogha, dazadhA aura padavibhAga ye tIna prakAra haiN| jo oghasAmAcArI hai usI kA nirUpaNa oghaniryukti meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| AcArya abhayadeva aura unakI vRttiyA~ navAGgI TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadeva eka mahAna pratibhAsampanna AcArya the| prabhAvakacaritra ke anusAra inakI janmasthalI dhArA nagarI hai| varNa kI dRSTi se ye vaizya the| pitA kA nAma mahIdhara aura mAtA kA nAma dhanadevI thA / ye jinezvara sUri ke ziSya bane / vi0 saM0 1120 meM inhoMne sarvaprathama sthAnAGgasUtra para vRtti likhI aura vi0 saM0 1928 meM antima racanA bhagavatIsUtra kI vRtti hai jo unhoMne anahila pATaNa meM pUrNa kii| isa prakAra unakA vRtti kAla vi0 saM0 1120 se 1128 hai / prastuta avadhi meM AcArya abhayadeva mukhya rUpa se pATaNa meM rahe haiN| vi0 saM0 1124 meM dholakA grAma meM unhoMne AcArya haribhadra ke paMcAzaka grantha para bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa vyAkhyA likhii| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ve pATaNa ko chor3akara sannikaTa ke kSetroM meM bhI vicaraNa karate rahe the / TIkAoM ke nirmANa meM caityavAsiyoM ke netA droNAcArya kA unheM gaharA sahayoga milA thA jisakA unhoMne apanI vRttiyoM meM ullekha bhI kiyA hai / droNAcArya ne abhayadeva kI vRttiyoM ko Adi se anta taka par3hA aura unakA saMzodhana kara apane virATa hRdaya kA paricaya diyaa| yaha satya tathya hai ki droNAcArya kA sahayoga yadi abhayadeva ko prApta na hotA to ve usa virAT kArya ko saMbhavataH itanI zIghratA se sampAdita nahIM kara sakate the / abhayadeva ke urjasvita vyaktitva kA vAstavika paricaya hameM unakI kRtiyoM se prApta hotA hai| unameM unake vicAroM kA mUrta rUpa spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai / unhoMne apanI TIkAoM meM bindu meM sindhu bharane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unakI pAMDityapUrNa vivecanA zakti sacamuca hI prekSaNIya hai / unhoMne Agama rahasyoM ko jisa saralatA va sugamatA se abhivyakta kiyA hai

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 516 vaha unake atyadhika ucca koTi ke saiddhAntika jJAna kA eka jvalanta pramANa hai / AcArya abhayadeva ke sAmane vRtti likhate samaya aneka kaThinAiyA~ thIM jinakI carcA unhoMne sthAnAGgavRtti kI prazasti meM kI hai| ve ye thIM(1) sat sampradAya kA abhAva - arthabodha kI samyak guru paramparA upalabdha nahIM hai / (2) sattaUha - artha kI AlocanAtmaka sthiti prApta nahIM hai| (3) Agama kI aneka vAcanAe~ arthAt adhyApana paddhatiyA~ haiN| (4) jo pustakeM upalabdha haiM ve azuddha haiM / (5) kRtiyA~ sUtrAtmaka hone ke kAraNa atyadhika gaMbhIra haiM / (6) artha viSayaka vividha bheda haiN| ina sArI kaThinAiyoM ke vAvajUda bhI unhoMne apanA prayAsa nahIM chor3A aura jamakara TIkAe~ likhiiN| prabhAva caritrakAra ne abhayadeva ke svargavAsa kA samaya nahIM diyA hai / unhoMne itanA hI likhA hai ki ve pATana meM karNarAja ke rAjya meM svargastha hue| paTTAvaliyoM ke adhyayana se yaha parijJAta hotA hai ki abhayadeva ke svargavAsa kA samaya vi0 saM0 1135 aura dUsare abhimata ke anusAra vi0 saM0 1939 haiN| paTTAvaliyoM meM pATana ke sthAna para kapaDavaMja kA ullekha hai / sthAnAGgavRtti prastuta vRtti mUlasUtroM para hai, jo zabdArtha taka hI sImita nahIM hai, apitu isameM sUtra se sambandhita pratyeka viSaya para gaharAI se vivecana bhI huA hai| vivecana meM dArzanika dRSTi yatra-tatra spaSTa huI hai| prAraMbha meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| maMgala para cintana karane ke pazcAt "ege AyA" para AtmA kI ekatA - anekatA kI dRSTi se anucitana kiyA gayA hai| AtmA ke svatantra astitva ko siddha karane ke lie vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthAe~ bhI uddhRta kI gaI haiN| anumAna se AtmA kI me // 1 // 1 satsampradAyahInatvAt sadRhasya viyogataH / sarvasvaparazAstrANAmadRSTerasmRtezca vAcanAnAmanekatvAt pustakAnAmazuddhitaH / sUtrANAmatigAmbhIryAd matabhedAcca kutracit // 2 // sthAnAMgavRtti, prazasti 1-2

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520 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA siddhi karate hue likhA hai-prastuta zarIra kA kartA koI na koI avazya hI honA cAhie kyoMki yaha zarIra bhogya hai| jo bhogya hotA hai usakA avazya hI koI na koI kartA hotA hai| jaise-bhojana kA nirmAtA rasoiyA hai| jisakA koI kartA nahIM vaha bhogya bhI nahIM ho sakatA jaise-'AkAza kusuma' / prastuta zarIra kA kartA AtmA hai| yadi koI yaha tarka kare ki rasoiye ke samAna AtmA kI bhI mUrtatA siddha hotI hai to aisI sthiti meM prastuta hetu sAdhya viruddha ho jAtA hai jo ucita nhiiN| saMsArI AtmA kathaJcita mUrta bhI hai| yatra-tatra vRtti meM nikSepa paddhati kA bhI upayoga huA hai, jo niryaktiyoM aura bhASyoM kA sahaja smaraNa karAtI hai| viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie saMkSipta dRSTAntoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| vRtti kA granthamAna 14250 zloka pramANa hai| samavAyAGgavRtti sthAnAGga kI bhAMti AcArya ne samavAyAGga para bhI vRtti likhI hai| yaha vRtti na bahuta saMkSipta hai aura na bahuta vistRta hii| prArambha meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura unhoMne vijJoM se yaha abhyarthanA kI hai ve paramparAgata artha ke abhAva meM athavA merI ajJAna vRtti ke kAraNa vatti meM yadi viparIta prarUpaNA huI ho to use anveSaNA karane kA kaSTa kreN| vattikAra ne 'samavAya' ke artha para prakAza DAlate hue kahA ki samavAya meM tIna pada haiM-'sama', 'ava' aura 'aay'| sama kA artha samyaka, aba kA artha 'Adhikya' aura 'Aya' kA artha pariccheda hai| samavAya vaha hai jisameM jIva, ajIva Adi nAnA padArthoM kA vistAra ke sAtha samyak vivecana hai| athavA samavAya vaha hai jisameM AtmA Adi vividha prakAra ke bhAvoM kA abhidheya rUpa se sammilana hai| athavA samavAya vaha hai jo pravacana puruSa kA aGga rUpa hai| 1 zrI vardhamAnamAnamya samavAyAMgavRttikA / vidhIyate'nyazAstrANAM, prAyaH samupajIvanAt // 1 // duHsampradAyAdasadUhanAdvA, maNiSyate yadvitayaM mayeha / taddhIdhana manukampayadbhiH , zodhyaM matAyaMkSatirastu maiva // 21 // -samavAyogavRtti 1-2, 2 samavAyAMgavRtti, pR. 130

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 521 vRtti meM prajJApanA kA ullekha aneka sthaloM para huA hai| eka sthAna para gaMdhahastI ke bhASya kA bhI ullekha hai| yaha vRtti vikrama saM0 1120 meM aNahila pATaNa meM pUrNa hii| isakA zloka pramANa 3575 hai| vyAkhyAprajJaptivRtti .... vyAkhyAprajJapti kI prastuta vatti mUlAnusAra hI hai| yaha saMkSipta va zabdArtha pradhAna hai| sarvaprathama jinezvaradeva ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra, sudharmA, anuyoga, vRddhajana evaM sarvajJa pravacana ko namaskAra kara prAcIna TIkA-Ni Adi ke sahayoga se isa para vivecana likhane kA nizcaya kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne vyAkhyAprajJapti ke vividha dRSTiyoM se dasa artha batAye haiN| jo unakI pratibhA kA spaSTa paricAyaka hai| isI prakAra vyAkhyA meM yatra-tatra artha vaividhya dRSTigocara hotA hai tathA uddharaNa upalabdha hote haiN| pAThAntara evaM vyAkhyA-bhedoM kI bhI vividhatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| vijJoM kA aisA mAnanA hai ki prAcIna TIkA kA jo ullekha kiyA hai vaha TIkA AcArya zIlAGka kI honI cAhie jo Aja anupalabdha hai| AcArya ne kahIM para bhI usa prAcIna TIkAkAra ke nAma kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| prastuta vRtti ke upasaMhAra meM svayaM AcArya abhayadeva ne apanI guruparamparA kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyaa| isa vRtti kA zloka pramANa 18616 hai aura yaha aNahila pATaNa meM vi0 saM0 1128 meM pUrNa huI hai| jJAtAdharmakathAvRttiyaha vRtti bhI mUla sUtra ko sparza kara likhI gaI hai| isa vRtti meM zabdArtha kI pradhAnatA hai| prAraMbha meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra hai aura isake pazcAt campA nagarI kA paricaya dekara pUrNabhadra caitya kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| zreNika samrATa ke putra koNika kA paricaya dekara gaNadhara sudharmA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama zrutaskandha kA nAma 'jJAta' hai jisakA artha hai udAharaNa / isameM AcAra Adi kI zikSA pradAna karane kI dRSTi se kathAoM ke rUpa meM vividha udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| dvitIya zrutaskandha kA nAma 'dharmakathA' hai| usameM dharma-pradhAna kathAoM kI pradhAnatA hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM 16 adhyayanoM ke kaThina zabdoM kA artha spaSTa karake pratyeka adhyayana ke anta meM hone vAle vizeSa artha ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyayana kA sAra batAte hae vRttikAra ne likhA hai-'avidhipUrvaka pravRtti karane vAle ziSya ko sahI mArga para lAne hetu

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522 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA upAlambha bhI pradAna karanA caahie| jaisA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne meghakumAra ko diyaa|' dvitIya adhyayana ke prAnta meM likhA hai-binA AhAra ke mokSa ke sAdhanoM meM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI / ataH zarIra ko AhAra denA cAhie jaisA ki dhana sArthavAha ne vijaya cora ko diyA / tRtIya adhyayana kA sAra prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki vijJoM ko jina vacanoM ke prati kiJcit mAtra bhI sandeha nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki saMdeha hI anartha kA mUla hai| jinake antamanasa meM zaMkAe~ hotI haiM ve sAgaradatta kI bhA~ti nirAzA ke sAgara meM jhUlate haiM aura jinheM zaMkA nahIM hotI hai ve jinadatta kI taraha saphalatA devI kA varaNa karate haiM / isI taraha anya sabhI adhyayanoM kA abhidheyArtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha meM dharma-kathAoM se hI dharmArthaM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isakA vivecana vRttikAra ne nahIM kiyA hai / 'sarvaH sugama:' aura 'zeSaM sUtrasiddham' itanA hI likhA gayA hai| isa vRtti kA zloka pramANa 3800 hai / yaha vRtti 1920 meM vijayadazamI ko aNahila pATaNa meM pUrNa huI hai| abhayadeva ne apane guru kA nAma 'jinezvara' batAyA hai / upAsakadazAGgavRtti prastuta vRtti bhI sUtrasparzI hai| isameM vizeSa zabdoM ke artha kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / zabdArtha kI pradhAnatA hone se yaha vRtti adhika vistRta nahIM hai| prathama bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kara upAsaka kA artha zramaNopAsaka aura dazA kA artha dasa kiyA hai| zramaNopAsaka sambandhI sAdhanA kA pratipAdana karane ke kAraNa isakA nAma upAsakadazA hai| isa graMtha kA nAma bahuvacanAnta hai / kahIM-kahIM para vRtti meM vyAkhyAntara kA bhI nirdeza hai vRtti kA graMthamAna 812 zloka pramANa hai / vRtti lekhana ke sthAna evaM samaya Adi kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| antakRtadazAvRtti yaha vRtti sUtrAnusAra hI hai| jina padoM kI vRttikAra ne vyAkhyA nahIM kI hai una padoM ke lie jJAtAdharmakathAvRtti ko dekhane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ para antakRta kA artha hai jinhoMne apane bhava kA anta kiyA hai / antakRta sambandhI aMga vizeSa prastuta Agama jisakI zailI dazAdhyayana rUpa

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 523 hai vaha antakRtadazA hai| yaha satya tathya hai ki antakRtadazA ke pratyeka varga meM dasa adhyayana nahIM haiM tathApi kucha vargoM kI dasa adhyayana vAlI paddhati ke kAraNa isakA nAma antakRtadazA rakhA gayA ho| isa vRtti kA zloka pramANa 896 hai / anuttaropapAtikadazAvRtti meM prastuta vRtti bhI zabdArthapradhAna aura sUtrasparzI hai / anuttara vimAna samutpanna hone vAle anuttaropAtika kahe jAte haiN| isameM unakA varNana hone se yaha anuttaropapAtika kahalAtA hai| prathama varga meM dasa adhyayana haiM ata: ise anuttaropapAtikadazA kahA gayA hai| vRtti kA graMthamAna 192 zloka pramANa 1 praznavyAkaraNavRtti yaha vRtti bhI zabdArthapradhAna hai| praznavyAkaraNa kA artha spaSTa karate hue vRttikAra ne batAyA hai ki jisameM prazna, aMguSThAdi prazna vidyAoM kA abhidhAna kiyA gayA ho vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai / athavA jisameM prazna vidyA vizeSaNoM kA vyAkaraNa pratipAdana karane vAle dasa adhyayana haiM vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa meM pA~ca Asrava va pA~ca saMvara kA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa para hama praznavyAkaraNasUtra ke paricaya meM cintana kara cuke haiN| isakA graMthamAna 4600 zloka pramANa hai / vRttikAra ne prastuta Agama ko atyanta kliSTa batAyA hai aura isake saMzodhana kA zreya droNAcArya ko diyA hai| faurevRtti yaha vRtti bhI zabdArthapradhAna hai| isameM aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kA saMkSepa meM saMtulita artha kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kara batAyA hai ki vipAka kA artha puNya pAparUpa karma kA phala hai| usakA pratipAdana karane vAlA zruta vipAkasUtra hai| isa vRtti kA graMthamAna 600 zloka pramANa hai / aupapAtika vRtti yaha vRtti bhI zabdArthapradhAna hai| sarvaprathama zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura aupapAtika kA artha karate hue likhA gayA

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5.2.4 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA hai ki devoM aura nArakoM meM janma lene va siddhi gamana ko upapAta kahate haiM / upapAta sambandhI varNana hone se usakA nAma aupapAtika hai / vRttikAra ne aupapAtika ko AcArAGga kA upAGga kahA hai / vRtti meM naTa, nartaka, jalla, malla, mauSTika, viDambaka, kathaka, plavaka, lAsaka, AkhyAyaka prabhRti aneka mahatvapUrNa sAMskRtika, sAmAjika evaM prazAsana viSayaka zAstrIya zabdoM kA gahana artha spaSTa kiyA hai| pAThAntara aura matAntaroM kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai| vRtti ke anta meM vRttikAra ne apane kula evaM guru ke nAma kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai aura yaha bhI likhA hai ki isa vRtti kA saMzodhana droNAcArya ne kiyA hai| vRtti kA granthamAna 3125 zloka pramANa hai / ina vRttiyoM ke atirikta prajJApanA, paMcAzakasUtravRtti, jayatihuaNa stotra, paMcanirgranthI, SaSThakarma graMthasaptati para bhI inhoMne bhASya likhA hai / isa prakAra ina granthoM meM AcArya abhayadeva kA sAhityika jIvana aura sAMskRtika vyaktitva nikharA hai| 60,000 ke lagabhaga maulika zlokoM kA nirmANa kara unhoMne jo jaina vAG maya kI abhivRddhi kI hai vaha isa vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI anukaraNIya hai / " - AcArya malayagiri kI vRttiyA~ AcArya malayagiri utkRSTa pratibhA ke dhanI the| unhoMne Agama granthoM para atyanta mahatvapUrNa TIkAe~ likhI haiN| una TIkAoM meM unakA prakANDa pAMDitya spaSTa rUpa se jhalakatA hai| viSaya kI gahanatA, bhASA kI prAMjalatA, zailI kI lAlityatA evaM vizleSaNa kI spaSTatA unakI vizeSatAe~ haiM / unake dvArA racita dharma-saMgrahaNI, karma prakRti, paMcasaMgraha prabhRti vRttiyoM ke avalokana se sUrya ke prakAza kI bhA~ti spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki ve jainAgama sAhitya ke gaMbhIra jJAtA aura pAraMgata vidvAna to the hI kintu gaNitazAstra, darzanazAstra aura karma siddhAnta meM bhI ve niSNAta the| unhoMne malayagiri zabdAnuzAsana nAmaka vyAkaraNa kI bhI racanA kI thii| apanI vRttiyoM meM ve isI vyAkaraNasUtra kA ullekha karate haiN| unakI janmasthalI, mAtA-pitA, guru evaM gaccha Adi ke nAma kA koI patA nahIM lagatA / 15vIM zatAbdI ke jinamaNDanagaNI ne kumArapAla . 1 vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekhie devendramuni kI pustaka 'sAhitya aura saMskRti' /

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 525 prabandha meM AcArya hemacandra kI vidyA upAsanA ke prasaMga meM AcArya malayagiri ke sambandha meM kucha bAtoM para prakAza DAlA hai| isase yaha sahaja hI jJAta hotA hai ve gurjarezvara, caulukya rAjya, jayasiMha deva ke sammAnanIya aura samrATa kumArapAla ke dharmaguru, kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ke vidyAArAdhanA ke sahacArI the| AcArya hemacandra ke prati unake antarmAnasa meM pUjya bhAva the| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne apanI AvazyakavRtti' meM AcArya hemacandra viracita dvAtriMzikA kA uddharaNa dete hue 'cAhaH stutiSa guruva:' kA gauravapUrNa ullekha kiyA hai / AcArya malayagiri ne apane lie AcArya pada kA prayoga kiyA hai / 'evaM kRtamaGgala rakSAvidhAnaH paripUrNamalpagrantha laghUpAya AcArya malayagiriH shbdaanushaasnmaarbhte'| isase spaSTa hai ki ve AcArya the kintu AcArya hemacandra se ve vrata kI dRSTi se laghu hoMge, bhale hI vaya kI dRSTi se bar3e rahe hoN| etadartha hI unhoMne AcArya hemacandra ke lie 'guruvaH' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| ... AcArya malayagiri ne kitane grantha likhe isakA spaSTa nirdeza to prApta nahIM hotA para jitane grantha vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM aura una granthoM meM jina kRtiyoM kA nirdeza huA hai vaha sUcI isa prakAra haiupalabdha grantha nAma zlokapramANa (1) bhagavatIsUtra-dvitIyazatakavRtti (2) rAjapraznIyopAGgaTIkA (3) jIvAbhigamopAGgaTIkA (4) prajJApanopAMgaTIkA 16000 (5) candraprajJaptyupAGgaTIkA 1500 (6) sUryaprajJaptyupAGgaTIkA 6500 (7) nandIsUtraTIkA 7732 () vyavahArasUtravRtti 34000 (6) bRhatkalpapIThikAvRtti (apUrNa) 4600 --, (10) AvazyakavRtti (apUrNa) 18000 (11) piNDaniyuktiTIkA 6700 (12) jyotiSkaraNDakaTIkA ... .. 5000.. 3750. ... 3700 /

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526 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (13) dharmasaMgrahaNI vRtti 10000 (14) karmaprakRtivRtti 8000 (15) paMcasaMgrahavRtti 18850 (16) SaDazItivRtti 2000 (17) saptatikAvRtti 3780 (18) bRhatsaMgrahaNIvRtti (19) bRhatkSetrasamAsa vRtti 9500 (20) malayagiri zabdAnuzAsana 5000 jo graMtha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM haiM unake nAma isa prakAra haiManupalabdha grantha (1) jambUdvIpaprajJaptiTIkA (2) odhaniyuktiTIkA (3) vizeSAvazyakaTIkA (4) tattvArthAdhigamasUtraTIkA saMskRta TIkAkAroM meM AcArya malayagiri kA sthAna viziSTa rahA hai| jaise vaidika paramparA meM vAcaspatimizra ne SaTdarzanoM para mahatvapUrNa TIkAe~ likhakara eka bhavya Adarza upasthita kiyA vaise hI jaina sAhitya meM AcArya malayagiri ne prAMjala bhASA aura pravAhapUrNa zailI meM bhAvapUrNa TIkAe~ likhakara eka navIna Adarza upasthita kiyaa| ve darzanazAstra ke prakANDa paNDita the| unameM AgamoM ke gambhIra rahasyoM ko tarkapUrNa zailI se upasthita karane kI adbhuta kalA aura kSamatA thii| Agama prabhAvaka puNyavijayajI mahArAja ke zabdoM meM kahA jAya to 'vyAkhyAkAroM meM unakA sthAna sarvotkRSTa' hai| malayagiri apanI vRttiyoM meM sarvaprathama mUlasUtra, gAthA yA zloka ke zabdArtha kI vyAkhyA kara usake artha kA spaSTa nirdeza karate haiM aura usakI vistRta vivecanA karate haiM jisase usakA abhISTArtha pUrNarUpa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| viSaya se sambandhita anya prAsaMgika viSayoM para vicAra karanA tathA prAcIna granthoM ke pramANa prastuta karanA AcArya kI apanI vizeSatA hai| nandIvRtti AcArya malayagiri ne nandIvatti meM dArzanika viSayoM kI gahana vicAraNAeM kI haiM jisase yaha vRtti atyadhika vistRta ho gaI haiN| sAtha hI saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASAoM ke uddharaNoM kA bhI pracuratA se prayoga kiyA

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 527 gayA hai aura viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie kathAoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne likhA hai Tunadu dhAtu se samRddhi artha meM dhAtoruditonam sUtra se nam karane se nandi zabda banatA hai jisakA artha pramoda yA harSa hai| nandi, pramoda harSa kA kAraNa hone se jJAnapaJcaka kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA adhyayana hI nandi kahA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to jisake dvArA prANI prasanna hotA hai vaha nandi hai| kucha sthaloM para ise nandI kahA gayA hai| unake abhimatAnusAra ika kRSyAdibhyaH sUtra se ika pratyaya karake strIliGga meM 'ito'ktyarthAt' sUtra se GI pratyaya karane para nandI banatA hai| nikSepa paddhati se nandI para cintana karane ke pazcAt stutiparaka gAthAoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isa vyAkhyA meM jIva sattA siddhi, zAbda prAmANya, vacana apauruSeyatva khaNDana, vItarAga svarUpa cintana, sarvajJa saMsiddhi, nairAtmya-nirAkaraNa, santAnavAda-khaNDana, vAsyavAsakabhAva khaNDana, anvayIjJAnasiddhi, sAMkhya dRSTi se mukti kA nirasana, dharma-dharmI bheda-abheda siddhi, prabhRti viSayoM para cintana kiyA hai| prastuta vibhAga dArzanika cintana se paripUrNa hai| isake pazcAt jJAnapaJcakasiddhi, mati Adi krama kI sthApanA, pratyakSa-parokSa svarUpa para cintana, mati Adi ke svarUpa kA nizcaya, anantarasiddhakevala, paramparasiddhakevala, strImukti kI saMsiddhi, yugapada-upayoga-nirasana, jJAna-darzana kA abheda, dRSTAnta yukta buddhi bheda para vizleSaNa evaM nirUpaNa, aMga-praviSTa, aMgabAhya Adi zruta ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| vRtti ke anta meM AcArya ne nandI cUrNikAra aura nandI ke TIkAkAra AcArya haribhadra ko Adara ke sAtha namaskAra kiyA hai| prastuta vRtti kA graMthamAna 7732 zloka pramANa hai| prajJApanAvRtti prastuta vRtti ke prArambha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra, jina-pravacana aura sadgurudeva ko namaskAra kara prajJApanA para vRtti likhane kI pratijJA kI gaI hai| prajJApanA vaha hai jisake dvArA jIva-ajIva padArthoM kA jJAna kiyA jAya / prajJApanA samavAya kA upAGga hai / isameM samavAyAGga meM prarUpita artha kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki samavAyAGga

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526 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA meM prarUpita artha kA pratipAdana isameM nahIM huA hai to yaha kathana satya tathya yukta nahIM hai| isameM mandamati ziSya vizeSa ko artha samajhAne kI dRSTi se vistAra se samavAyAGga ke artha kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai-aisA vRttikAra ne spaSTa kahA hai| maMgala kI sArthakatA para cintana karate hue AcArya ne haribhadrasUri ko namaskAra kiyA hai / 'kyoMki unhoMne prajJApanAsUtra ke viSama padoM para vivecana kiyA hai| jinake mahAna upakAra ke kAraNa hI maiM eka laghu TIkAkAra bana sakA hU~ / ' yaha TIkA mUla padoM para hai| AvazyakatAnusAra kahIM para saMkSepa meM aura kahIM para vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta vRtti kA graMthamAna 16000 zloka pramANa hai / sUryaprajJaptivRtti prastuta vRtti ke prArambha meM AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai ki niryuktikAra bhadrabAhu viracita sUryaprajJapti kI niyukti naSTa ho jAne se maiM isa para kevala mUlasUtra kA hI vyAkhyAna kruuNgaa| AcArya ne prathama mithilA nagarI, maNibhadra caitya jitazatru rAjA, dhAriNI devI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sAhityika varNana kiyA hai| usake pazcAt gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama kA varNana hai| tRtIya sUtra kI vRtti meM sUrya prajJapti ke unhIM bIsa prAbhRtoM kA vivecana hai jinakA saMkSepa meM ullekha sUryaprajJapti ke paricaya meM diyA jA cukA hai| ina bIsa prAbhRtoM meM prathama prAbhRta meM ATha, dvitIya meM tIna, aura dasaveM meM bAIsa upaprAbhRta haiN| vRtti meM una saba prAbhRtoM kA vizada vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| dasaveM va gyArahaveM prAbhRta ke vivaraNa meM AcArya ne likhA- punarvasu, rohiNI, citrA, maghA, jyeSThA, anurAdhA, kRttikA aura vizAkhA ye AThoM nakSatra ubhayayogI haiN| unnIsaveM prAbhRta meM jIvAbhigama cUrNi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prastuta vRtti meM loka zrI aura usakI TIkA, svakRta zabdAnuzAsana, haribhadra kI tattvArtha TIkA Adi granthoM kA bhI uddharaNa sahita ullekha kiyA hai| isa vRtti kA granthamAna 9500 zloka pramANa hai / jyotiSkaraNDakavRtti yaha vRtti jyotiSkaraNDaka prakaraNa ke mUlapATha para kI gaI hai| vRtti meM pAdaliptasUri viracita prAkRta vRtti kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai aura usakA eka vAkya bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| para vartamAna meM jo jyotiSka raNDaka

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 526 kI prAkRta vRtti upalabdha hotI hai usameM yaha vAkya nahIM hai| sambhava hai isa sUtra para anya prAkRta vRtti hogI jisakA ullekha AcArya malayagiri ne apanI vRtti meM mUla TIkA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki upalabdha prAkRta vRtti mUla TIkA ho kyoMki mUla TIkA kA eka vAkya isa samaya upalabdha vRtti meM milatA hai| vijJoM kI aisI dhAraNA hai ki pAdalipta sUri kRta vRtti hI mUla TIkA ho jo isa samaya prApta hotI hai| kAlakrama se usake kucha vAkyoM kA yA pAThoM kA lopa ho gayA ho / kAla viSayaka saMkhyA para cintana karate hue vallabhI aura mAdhurI vAcanAoM kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai ki skandilAcArya ke samaya meM eka bAra bhayaMkara durbhikSa ho jAne se zramaNoM kA adhyayana- adhyApana sthagita ho gayA thaa| punaH subhikSa hone para vallabhI aura mathurA meM zramaNa samudAya ekatrita huaa| donoM sthAnoM para pRthak-pRthak sUtrArtha kA saMgraha karane se vAcanAbheda ho gayA kyoMki vismRta sUtrArtha kA smaraNa karake ekatrita karane se vAcanAbheda sahaja svAbhAvika thA / prastuta samaya meM anuyogadvAra Adi mAthurI vAcanA ke haiM jabaki jyotiSkaraNDakasUtra ke nirmAtA AcArya vallabhI ke the / ataH prastuta sUtra kA saMkhyAsthAna pratipAdana vallabhI vAcanA ke anusAra hone ke kAraNa anuyogadvAra pratipAdita saMkhyAsthAna se pRthak hai / prastuta vRtti ke upasaMhAra meM AcArya ne likhA hai ki prastuta kAlajJAna samAsa ziSyoM ke vizeSa adhyayanArtha sUryaprajJapti ke AdhAra se pUrvAcAryoM ne likhA hai aura yaha grantha vijJoM ke lie atyanta upayogI aura upAdeya hai / mujha alpamati ke dvArA yadi jinavacana viruddha prajJApanA huI ho to vijJa use sudhAra leN| isa vRtti kA granthamAna 5000 zloka pramANa hai / jIvAbhigamavRtti prastuta vRtti jIvAbhigama ke padoM ke vivecana ke rUpa meM hai| isa vRtti meM aneka grantha va granthakAroM kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai--jaise ki dharmasaMgrahaNITIkA, prajJApanATIkA, prajJapanAmUlaTIkA, tasvArthamUlaTIkA, siddhaprAbhRta, vizeSaNavatI, jIvAbhigamamUlaTIkA, paMcasaMgraha, karmaprakRtisaMgrahaNI, kSetra samATIkA, jambUdvIpaprajJaptiTIkA, karmaprakRtisaMgrahaNIcUrNa, vasudeva carita, jIvAbhigamacUrNa, candraprajJaptiTIkA, sUryaprajJaptiTIkA, dezI nAmamAlA, sUryaprajJaptiniyukti, paMcavastuka, AcArya haribhadra racita tattvArthaTIkA,

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530 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA tattvArthabhASya, vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJavRtti, paMcasaMgrahaTIkA prabhRti / ina granthoM meM se aneka granthoM ke uddharaNa bhI TIkA meM prayukta hue haiN| vRtti ke prArambha meM maMgala ke prayojana para prakAza DAlate hae Age ke sUtroM meM tantu aura paTa ke sambandha meM bhI vicAra carcA kI gaI hai aura mAMDalika, mahAmAMDalika, grAma, nigama, kheTa, karbaTa, maDamba, pattana, droNamukha, Akara, Azrama, sambAdha, rAjadhAnI prabhRti mAnava bastiyoM ke svarUpa para cintana kiyA gayA hai| vatti meM jJAniyoM ke bhedoM para cintana karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki siddhaprAmRta meM aneka jJAniyoM kA ullekha hai| narakAvAsoM ke sambandha meM bahuta hI vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai aura kSetrasamAsaTIkA, jambUdvIpaprajJaptiTIkA ke avalokana kA saMketa kiyA hai| nArakIya jIvoM kI zIta aura uSNa vedanA para vicAra karate hue prAvaTa, varSA rAtra, zarada, hemanta, vasanta aura grISma ina cha: RtuoM kA varNana kiyA hai| prathama zarada kArtika mAsa ko batAyA gayA hai| jyotiSka devoM ke vimAnoM para cintana karate hue vizeSa jijJAsUoM ko candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti evaM saMgrahaNI TIkAeM dekhane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / ekAdaza alaMkAroM kA bhI isameM varNana hai aura rAjapraznIya meM ullikhita 32 prakAra kI nATya vidhi kA bhI sarasa varNana kiyA gayA hai| . prastuta vRtti ko AcArya ne 'vivaraNa' zabda se vyavahRta kiyA hai aura isa vivaraNa kA granthamAna 16000 zloka pramANa hai| vyavahAravRtti yaha vRtti mUlasUtra, niyukti va bhASya para kI gaI hai| grantha ke prArambha meM bhUmikA rUpa pIThikA hai| isa pIThikA meM kalpa, vyavahAra, doSa, prAyazcitta, prabhRti viSayoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai / vRttikAra ne prArambha meM arhat ariSTanemi ko, apane sadguruvarya evaM vyavahArasUtra ke cUrNikAra ko Adara sahita namana kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra ina donoM sUtroM ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki kalpAdhyayana meM prAyazcitta kA nirUpaNa hai para usameM prAyazcitta dAna kI vidhi nahIM hai| vyavahAra meM prAyazcitta dAna aura AlocanA vidhi donoM haiM-yahI vyavahAra kI mahattA hai| vyavahAra, vyavahArI aura vyavahartavya ina tInoM para cintana karate hue kahA hai ki vyavahArI kartArUpa hai, vyavahAra karaNa rUpa hai aura vyavahartavya kArya rUpa hai / karaNa

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arit at storemaka sAhitya 531 rUpa vyavahAra - Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta rUpa se pA~ca prakAra kA hai / cUrNikAra ne pA~coM prakAra ke vyavahAra ko karaNa kahA hai| bhASya meM sUtra, artha, jIta, kalpa, mArga, nyAya, epsitavya, Acarita aura vyavahAra inako ekArthaka mAnA hai| jo gItArtha haiM unhIM ke lie vyavahAra kA upayoga hai| jo svayaM vyavahAra ke marma ko jAnatA ho aura anya vyaktiyoM ko vyavahAra ke svarUpa ko samajhAne kI kSamatA rakhatA ho vaha gItArtha hai| isake viparIta agItArthaM hai / agItArthaM na svayaM vyavahAra ke svarUpa ko jAnatA hai aura na vaha anya ko samajhAne kI kSamatA hI rakhatA hai / prAyazcitta pradAtA aura prAyazcitta saMgrahaNa karane vAlA donoM gItArtha hone caahie| prAyazcitta ke pratisevanA, saMyojanA, AropaNA aura parikuMcanA ye cAra artha haiM / pratisevanA rUpa prAyazcitta ke AlocanA, pratikramaNa prabhRti dasa prakAra batAye gaye haiM, jina para vizeSa vistAra se vivecana hai / prAyazcitta ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM hama pUrva pRSThoM meM vistAra se prakAza DAla cuke haiN| prathama uddezaka meM pratisevanA ke mUla pratisevanA aura uttarapratisevanA ye do prakAra batAye gaye haiN| mUlaguNAticAra pratisevanA mUla guNoM ke prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda Adi pA~ca prakAra ke aticAroM ke kAraNa se pA~ca prakAra kI hai| uttaraguNAticAra pratisevanA dasa prakAra kI hai / uttaraguNa anAgata, atikrAnta, koTI sahita, niyantrita sAkAra, anAkAra, parimANakRta, niravazeSa, sAMketika aura addhApratyAkhyAna rUpa se dasa prakAra kI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM uttaraguNoM ke piNDavizuddhi, pA~ca samiti, bAhya tapa, Abhyantara tapa, bhikSu pratimA aura abhigraha ye dasa prakAra haiN| mUlaguNAticAra pratisevanA aura uttaraguNAticAra pratisevanA, inake bhI darpya evaM kalpya ye kramazaH do prakAra haiN| binA kAraNa pratisevanA pikA hai aura kAraNayukta pratisevanA kalpikA hai / isa prakAra vRttikAra ne viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA hai| prastuta vRtti kA granthamAna 34625 zloka pramANa hai| isa vRtti ko bhI 'vivaraNa' kahA gayA hai| rAjapraznIyavRtti prastuta vRtti ke prArambha meM vRttikAra malayagiri ne zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vaMdana - namaskAra kara batAyA hai ki prastuta Agama rAjA ke

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532 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA praznoM se sambandhita hai, ataH isakA nAma rAjapraznIya hai / yaha sUtrakRtAGga sUtra kA upAGga hai| isameM 'dezI nAmamAlA'" jIvAbhigamamUlaTIkA prabhRti granthoM ke uddharaNa bhI diye / prastuta vivaraNa kA granthamAna 3700 zloka pramANa hai / piNDaniyuktivRtti yaha vRtti AcArya bhadrabAhu racita piNDaniyukti para kI gaI hai| isameM 46 bhASya gAthAoM kA bhI upayoga huA hai aura svayaM vRttikAra ne bhASya gAthAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne piNDaniyukti kA sambandha kisa Agama se hai isa prazna para cintana karate hue batAyA hai ki darzakAlika sUtra ke piNDeSaNA nAmaka pA~caveM adhyayana kI niyukti kA nAma ho piNDaniryukti hai| yaha niyukti atyadhika virAT hone ke kAraNa ise svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa niyukti ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| viSaya ko spaSTa karane kI dRSTi se vRttikAra ne apanI vRtti meM aneka kathAe~ bhI dI haiM jo saMskRta bhASA meM haiN| vRtti ke anta meM niyuktikAra ne dvAdazAMga jJAtA bhadrabAhu aura piNDaniryukti viSama pada ke vRttikAra AcArya haribhadra evaM vIragaNI ko namaskAra kiyA hai| arihanta, siddha, sAhu aura jina prarUpita dharma kI zaraNa grahaNa kI gaI hai| vRtti kA granthamAna 6700 zloka pramANa hai / Avazyaka vivaraNa yaha 'vivaraNa' Avazyaka niyukti para hai kintu abhI taka yaha pUrNa rUpa se prApta nahIM ho sakA / isameM maMgala Adi para vistAra se vivecana aura usakI upayogitA para cintana kiyA gayA hai / niyukti kI gAthAoM para sarala evaM subodha zailI meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vivecana kI viziSTatA yaha hai ki AcArya ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthAoM para svatantra vivecana na kara unakA sAra apanI vRtti meM uTTaGkita kara diyA hai / vRtti meM jitanI bhI gAthAe~ AI haiM ve vRtti ke vaktavya kI puSTa karane hetu haiM / vRtti meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI svopajJavRtti kA bhI ullekha huA 1 pakarAH saMghAtAH pahakara oroha saMdhAyA iti dezI nAmamAlA vacanAt / --rAjapraznIyavRtti, pR0 3

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya hai| sAtha hI prajJAkara gupta, Avazyaka cUrNikAra, AvazyakamUlaTIkAkAra, AvazyakamUlabhASyakAra, laghIyastrayAlaMkArakAra akalaGka, nyAyAvatAra vRttikAra prabhRti kA ullekha huA hai| yatra-tatra viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie kathAe~ bhI uddhRta kI gaI haiN| kathAoM kI bhASA prAkRta hai| vartamAna meM jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai usameM catuvizatistava nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana ke 'thabhaM rayaNavicittaM kathaM sumiNammi teNa kaMjiNo' ke vivecana taka prApta hotA hai| usake pazcAt bhagavAna aranAtha ke ullekha ke bAda kA vivaraNa nahIM milatA hai| yaha jo vivaraNa hai vaha caturviMzatistava nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana taka hai aura vaha bhI apUrNa hai| jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai usakA granthamAna 18000 zloka pramANa hai| - bRhatkalpapIThikAvRtti prastuta vRtti bhadrabAhu svAmI viracita bRhatkalpapIThikAvRtti evaM saMghadAsagaNI viracita ladhubhASya para hai / AcArya malayagiri pIThikA kI bhASya gAthA 606 paryanta hI apanI vRtti likha ske| Age unhoMne vRtti nahIM likhI hai / Age kI vRtti AcArya kSemakIti ne pUrNa kI hai| jaisA ki svayaM kSemakIrti ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai|' vRtti ke prArambha meM vRttikAra ne jinezvaradeva ko praNAma kara sadgurudeva kA smaraNa kiyA hai, tathA bhASyakAra aura carNikAra ke prati bhI kRtajJatA vyakta kI hai| vRttikAra ne bRhatkalpa evaM vyavahAra sUtra ke nirmAtAoM ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAha svAmI ne zramaNoM ke anugrahArtha, kalpa aura vyavahAra kI racanA kI jisase ki prAyazcitta kA vyavaccheda na ho| unhoMne sUtra ke gaMbhIra rahasyoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie niyukti kI hI racanA kI hai| aura jinameM pratibhA kI tejasvitA kA abhAva hai una alpabuddhi vAle vyaktiyoM ke lie bhASyakAra ne bhASya kA nirmANa kiyA hai| vaha niyukti aura bhASya sUtra ke marma ko prakaTa karane vAle hone se donoM eka grantha rUpa ho gye| vRtti meM prAkRta gAthAoM kA uddharaNa ke rUpa meM prayoga huA hai aura viSaya ko subodha banAne kI dRSTi 1 zrImalayagiriprabhavo, yAM kartuM mupAkramanta matimantaH / sA kalpazAstraTIkA, mayA'nusandhIyate'lpadhiyA / / -yahaskalpapIThikAvRtti, pR0 177

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534 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA se prAkRta kathAeM uddhRta kI gaI haiN| prastuta malayagiri vRtti kA granthamAna 4600 zloka pramANa hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya malayagiri zAstroM ke gaMbhIra jJAtA the| vibhinna darzanazAstroM kA jaisA aura jitanA gaMbhIra vivecana evaM vizleSaNa unakI TIkAoM meM upalabdha hai vaisA anyatra kahIM para bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / ve apane yuga ke mahAna tattvacintaka, prasiddha TIkAkAra aura mahAna vyAkhyAtA the| AgamoM ke gurugaMbhIra rahasyoM ko tarkapUrNa zailI meM prastuta karane kI unakI kSamatA adbhuta thI, anUThI thii| maladhArI hemacandra kI vRttiyA~ ___AcArya maladhArI hemacandra mahAna pratibhAsampanna aura AgamoM ke samartha jJAtA the| maladhArI rAjazekhara ne dvayAzraya vatti kI prazasti meM AcArya maladhArI hemacandra kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki unakA gRhasthAzrama meM nAma pradyumna thaa| ve rAjA ke maMtrI the| unhoMne apanI cAra patniyoM ke prema ko tyAgakara maladhArI AcArya abhayadeva ke pAsa AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| AcArya maladhArI hemacandra ke ziSya AcArya zrIcandra ne munisuvrata caritra meM likhA hai ki apane sumadhura svabhAva se zreSTha puruSoM ke antarmAnasa ko Anandita karane vAlI kaustubha-maNi ke sadRza AcArya hemacandra abhayadeva ke pazcAt hue| ve pravacanapaTu va vAgmI the| 'bhagavatI-vivAhaprajJapti' jaisA virAT Agama unheM apane nAma ke samAna kaMThastha thaa| unhoMne mUlagrantha, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, vyAkaraNa aura pramANazAstra prabhRti viSayoM ke 50,000 grantha par3he the| samrATa se lekara sAmAnya janamAnasa meM jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA karane meM ve parama dakSa the| unakA hRdaya karuNA se chalakatA thaa| jisa samaya ve meghagaMbhIra dhvani se pravacana pradAna karate to upAzraya se bAhara calate loga khar3e raha jAte the| pravacana kalA meM ve itane dakSa the ki mandabuddhi vyakti bhI tAttvika viSayoM ko sahaja hRdayaMgama kara lete the| sarSigaNI viracita upamiti bhavaprapaMca kathA atyanta kliSTa thii| jisa para koI bhI AcArya pravacana karane meM saMkoca kA anubhava karatA thaa| kintu AcArya hemacandra jisa samaya usa para pravacana karate, jana-jana ke antarmAnasa meM vairAgya kA payodhi uchAle mArane lgtaa| unhoMne tIna varSa taka nirantara usa para pravacana kiye / unhoMne sarvaprathama upadezamAlA aura bhavabhAvanA mUla granthoM kI racanAe~ kiiN| usake pazcAt

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 535 kramaza: 14000 aura 13000 zlokapramANa vRttiyA~ likhiiN| usake pazcAt anuyogadvAra jIvasamAsa aura bandhazataka para kramazaH 6000, 7000, 8000 zlokapramANa vRttiyoM kI racanAe~ kIM / AcArya haribhadra kRta mUlaAvazyakavRtti para 5000 zloka pramANa TippaNa likhA aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya para 25000 zloka pramANa vistRta vRtti likhI / jIvana ke antima dinoM meM sAta dina kI saMlekhanA kara Ayu pUrNa kiyA / unake tIna mukhya ziSya the - vijayasiMha, zrIcandra aura vibudhacandra / unameM zrIcandra unake paTTa para alaMkRta hue / AcArya vijayasiMha ne dharmopadezamAlA nAmaka grantha para eka bRhat vRtti likhii| usakI prazasti meM bhI unhoMne apane sadgurudeva AcArya hemacandra kA aura unake guru AcArya abhayadeva kA paricaya pradAna kiyA hai| jIvasamAsa kI vRtti kI eka prati jo svayaM AcArya hemacandra ke hAtha kI likhita hai usake upasaMhAra meM AcArya ne apanA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki yaha vRtti yama, niyama, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, anuSThAna meM rata paramanaiSThika paNDita zvetAmbarAcArya bhaTTAraka hemacandra ne vi. saM. 1164 meM likhI hai / " AcArya hemacandra ne kitane granthoM kI racanA kI ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna munisuvratacaritra kI prazasti meM upadezamAlA prabhRti nau grantha batAye haiM / kintu vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI vRtti ke anta meM AcArya ne grantha racanA kA krama dete hue unakI saMkhyA dasa batAI hai jisameM nandiTippaNaka racanA kA vizeSa ullekha hai, jo Aja prApta nahIM hai| zrI hemacandrasUri viracita sabhI granthoM ke nAma aura unakA grantha pramANa munisuvratasvAmIcaritra meM prApta hotA hai kintu usameM nandisUtra TippaNaka kA nAma nahIM hai / Agama prabhAvaka muni zrI puNyavijayajI mahArAja ne aisI sambhAvanA kI hai ki isa caritra kI nakala karane ke prArambhika samaya meM prAcInakAla se hI zrI prazasta saMgraha (zrI zAntinAthajI jJAna bhaMDAra, ahamadAbAda), pR0 46 prasthAna 6627 / saM0 1164 caitra sudi 4 some'dyeha zrImadaNahilapATake samasta rAjAvalivirAjita mahArAjAdhirAja - paramezvara zrI majjayasiMhadevakalyANa vijayarAjya evaM kAle pravartamAne yamaniyamasvAdhyAyadhyAnAnuSThAnarata para manaiSThikapaMDitazvetAmbarAcArya maTTAraka zrI hemacandrAcAryeNa pustikA li0 zrI0 /

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536 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 4 hajAra , " 4 gAthA ke pazcAt hI eka gAthA chUTa gaI hai| zrI hemacandrasUri ne vizeSAvazyakavRtti ke anta meM likhA "anyacca jhaTiti viracayya tasyAH sadbhAvanAmamaMjUSAyA aGgabhUtaM nivezitaM nandiTippaNakanAmadheyaM phlkm"| isase yaha pUrNarUpa se siddha hai ki AcArya ne nandiTippaNaka kI racanA avazya kI thii| jo vartamAna meM nandiTippaNaka prApta hotA hai vaha zrIcaMdrasUri racita hai jo AcArya zIlabhadra va AcArya dhanezvara ke ziSya mAne jAte haiN| AcArya hemacandra kI grantha racanA kA krama isa prakAra hai :(1) AvazyakaTippaNa 5 hajAra zloka pramANa (2) zatakavivaraNa (3) anuyogadvAravRtti 6 hajAra // (4) upadezamAlAsUtra (5) upadezamAlAvRtti 14 hajAra, (6) jIvasamAsavivaraNa 7 hajAra , (7) bhavabhAvanAsUtra (8) bhavabhAvanAvivaraNa 13 haz2Ara , (8) nandiTippaNaka . (10) vizeSAvazyakabhASya-bRhadvRtti / 28 hajAra , . sabhI grantha bhinna-bhinna viSayoM para hone se unameM punarAvRttiyoM kA abhAva hai| AvazyakavRttipradezavyAkhyA .. prastuta vyAkhyA AcArya haribhadra racita AvazyakavRtti para hai| isakA apara nAma hAribhadrIyAvazyakavRttiTippaNaka hai| maladhArI AcArya hemacandra ke ziSya hemacandra sUri ne isa para pradeza vyAkhyA TippaNa bhI likhA hai| prArambha meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt Avazyaka vRtti ke jo kaThina sthala haiM una para sarala va sugama dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai| prastuta vyAkhyA kA granthamAna 4600 zloka pramANa hai| anuyogadvAravRtti prastuta vRtti sUtrasparzI hai| sUtra ke gurugaMbhIra rahasyoM ko isameM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| vRtti ke prArambha meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko, gaNadhara gautama prabhRti AcArya varga ko evaM zrutadevatA ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 537 vRttikAra ne isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki prAcIna medhAvI AcAryoM ne cUrNi va TIkAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| inameM una AcAryoM kA prakANDa pAMDitya jhalaka rahA hai tathApi maiMne mandabuddhi vyaktiyoM ke lie isa para vRtti likhI hai| yaha vRtti sUtroM ke padoM kA sarala va saMkSipta artha prastuta karatI hai / yatra-tatra saMskRta zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| vRtti kA granthamAna 5600 zlokapramANa hai kintu vRtti meM racanA ke samaya kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASyabRhadvRtti prastuta vRtti kA dUsarA nAma 'ziSyahitAvRtti' bhI hai / yaha maladhArI AcArya hemacandra kI bRhattama kRti hai| AcArya ne bhASya meM jitane bhI viSaya Aye haiM una sabhI viSayoM ko bahuta hI sarala va sugama dRSTi se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| dArzanika carcAoM kA prAdhAnya hone para bhI zailI meM kAThinya kA abhAva hai, yahI isakI mahAna vizeSatA hai| praznottaroM ke mAdhyama se viSaya ko bahuta hI sarala banAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta kathAnakoM se viSaya meM sarasatA va saralatA A gaI hai| yadi yaha kaha diyA jAya ki prastuta TIkA ke kAraNa vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke paThana-pAThana kI saralatA ho gaI to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI / TIkA ke prArambha meM vRttikAra ne zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, sudharmA Adi pramukha AcArya vRnda, apane guru jinabhadra aura zrutadevatA ko vandana kiyA hai / vRtti lekhana ke uddezya para cintana karate hue likhA hai ki sAmAyika Adi status zrutaskandha rUpa Avazyaka kI artha kI dRSTi se tIrthaMkaroM ne aura sUtra kI dRSTi se gaNadharoM ne racanAe~ kiiN| isake gambhIra rahasyoM ke samudghATana ke lie caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu svAmI ne niyukti kI racanA kii| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne usa para mahattvapUrNa bhASya likhA / usa bhASya para jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne sopajJa vRtti likhI aura koTyAcArya ne vRtti likhii| vaha sArI sAmagrI gaMbhIra aura bahuta hI kliSTa hai| ataH sugama rIti se una mahAna bhAvoM ko samajhAne ke lie naI vRtti kA nirmANa kara rahe haiN| isa vRtti ke anta meM AcArya ne apanA, apane guru kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai aura yaha bhI batAyA hai ki rAjA jayasiMha ke rAjya meM samvat

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538 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 1175 kI kArtika zuklA paMcamI ke dina yaha vRtti pUrNa huI hai| isa vRtti kA graMthamAna 28000 zloka pramANa hai / AcArya nemicandrakRta vRtti nemicandra sUri kA apara nAma devendragaNI bhI prApta hotA hai / devendra unakA gRhasthAzrama meM nAma thA / unhoMne vi0 saM0 1126 meM uttarAdhyayana para sukhabodhA nAmaka vRtti kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isameM niyukti kI gAthAoM ko bhI yathAsthAna uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| nemicandra sUri para AcArya zIlAMka kI zailI kI apekSA AcArya haribhadra aura vAdivetAla zAntisUri kI zailI kA adhika prabhAva hai| zailI kI saralatA va sarasatA ke kAraNa isakA nAma sukhabodhA rakhA gayA hai / vRtti ke prArambha meM tIrthaMkara, siddha, sAdhu va zruta devatA ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| grantha ke anta meM gaccha, gurubhrAtA, vRtti racanA kA sthAna, samaya Adi kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| AcArya nemicandra bRhadgacchIya udyotanAcArya ke ziSya upAdhyAya Amradeva ke ziSya the / unake gurubhrAtA kA nAma municandrasUri thA jinakI prabala preraNA se utprerita hokara prastuta vRtti kI racanA huI / prastuta vRtti aNahila pATaNa nagara meM vikrama saM0 1929 meM pUrNa huI / isa vRtti kA granthamAna 12000 zloka pramANa hai| inakI anya racanAe~ upalabdha nahIM hotI haiM / zrIcandrasUri racita TIkAe~ zrIcandrasUri nAma ke do AcArya the - eka maladhArI zrI hemacandra sUri ke ziSya - jinhoMne saMgrahaNIprakaraNa, munisuvratasvAmIcaritra ( prAkRta), laghupravacanasAroddhAraprabhRti granthoM kI racanA kI thI; dUsare candrakulI zrI zIlabhadrasUri aura dhanezvarasUri guru-yugala ke ziSya the, jinhoMne nyAya pravezapaJjikA, jayadevachandazAstravRttiTippaNaka, nizIthacUrNiTippaNaka, nandisUtra hAribhadrI TippaNaka, jItakalpacUrNi TippaNaka, paJcopAMgasUtravRtti, zrAddhasUtra, pratikramaNasUtravRtti, piNDavizuddhivRtti, prabhRti granthoM kI racanA kI thI / yahA~ para dvitIya zIlabhadrasUri hI abhipreta hai jinakA dUsarA nAma pArzvadevagaNI bhI thA / nizItha cUrNadurgapadavyAkhyA yaha nizItha cUrNi ke 20veM uddezaka para TIkA hai| cUrNi ke kaThina sthaloM ko sarala va sugama banAne ke lie isakI racanA kI gaI hai, jaisA ki

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 536 vyAkhyAkAra ne svayaM svIkAra kiyA hai| para yaha vRtti mahinoM ke prakAra, dina Adi ke sambandha meM vivecana karane se nIrasa ho gaI hai| nirayAvalikAvRtti prastuta vRtti nirayAvalikA ke pAMca upAMgoM para hai| nirayAvalikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlA, bRSNidazA--ina pAMca upAGgoM para isa vatti ke atirikta anya koI bhI vRtti upalabdha nahIM hai| yaha vRtti bahuta hI saMkSipta zabdArtha pradhAna hai / vRtti ke prAnta meM vRttikAra kA nAma, unake guru kA nAma aura unake vRtti lekhana kA samaya va unake sthala Adi kA kucha bhI nirdeza nahIM hai| vRtti kA granthamAna 600 zloka pramANa hai| jItakalpabRhaNiviSamapadavyAkhyA prastuta vyAkhyA siddhasenagaNI viracita jItakalpabRhaNi ke viSama padoM ke vivecana kI dRSTi se kI gaI hai| isa vyAkhyA meM kaThina padoM kI vyAkhyA karanA hI vRttikAra kA lakSya rahA hai / yatra-tatra isameM prAkRta gAthAyeM bhI uddhRta kI gaI haiN| prastuta vyAkhyA vi0 saM0 1227 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jayaMtI ke dina parisamApta huI hai| isakA granthamAna 1120 zloka pramANa hai| anya TIkAyeM samasta Agama TIkAoM kA vistRta paricaya denA yahA~ para sambhava nahIM hai| aba hama pramukha TIkAkAra aura unake granthoM kA saMkSepa meM hI nirdeza kara rahe haiM jisase ki vijJoM ko parijJAta ho sake ki TIkA sAhitya kitanA virATa hai| TIkAkAra grantha (1) zrItilakasUri (12vIM zatAbdI) AvazyakasUtra, jItakalpavRtti dshvkaalikvRtti| (2) kSemakIrti malayagiri racita bRhadkalpa kI apUrNa ttiikaa| (3) bhuvanatuGgasUri (mahendra sUri ke catuHzaraNa, AturapratyAkhyAna ziSya the| vi0 saM0 1294) aura saMstAraka para ttiikaaeN| (4) guNaratna (vi0 saM0 1484) bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka, catu: zaraNa, AturapratyAkhyAna prakaraNoM ko ttiikaaeN|

Page #569
540 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA TIkAkAra (5) vijayavimala (vi0 saM0 1634) tandulavaicArika, gacchAcAra kI ttiikaaeN| (6) vAnaraSi gacchAcAra prakaraNa kI vRtti / (7) hIravijayasUri (vi0 saM0 1636) jambUdvIpaprajJapti kI ttiikaa|| (8) zAnticandragaNI (vi0 saM01660) jambUdvIpaprajJapti para prameyarasna maMjUSA kI ttiikaa| . (9) jinahaMsa (vi0 saM0 1582) AcArAGga kI TIkA (10) harSakula (vi0 saM0 1583) sUtrakRtAGgadIpikA, bhagavatI TokA aura uttarAdhyayanaTIkA (11) lakSmIkallolagaNI (vi0 saM0 1596) AcArAGgavatti, jJAtA-dharma kathAvRtti (12) dAnazekhara vyAkhyAprajJapti laghuvatti (13) vinayahaMsa uttarAdhyayanavRtti, dazavakAlikavRtti (14) jinabhaTTa AvazyakavRtti (15) namisAdhu (vi0 saM0 1122) AvazyakavRtti (16) jJAnasAgara (saM0 1440) (17) mANikyazekhara (18) zubhavarddhanagaNI (saM0 1540) (19) dhIrasundara (saM0 1500) (20) zrIcaMdrasUri (saM0 1222) (21) kulaprabha (22) rAjavallabha (23) hitaruci (saM01697) (24) ajitadevasUri AcArAGgavRtti (25) pArzvacandra (saM0 1572) (26) mANikyazekhara (27) sAdhuraGga upAdhyAya (saM0 1566) sUtrakRtAGgavRtti (28) narSigaNI (saM0 1657) sthAnAMgavRtti (29) pAvacandra

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 541 sthAnAMgavRtti samavAyAGga vyAkhyAprajJapti bhagavatI-vyAkhyA jJAtAdharmakathA upAsakadazAGga upAsakadazAMgavRtti praznavyAkaraNavRtti aupapAtikavRtti rAjapraznIyavRtti TIkAkAra (30) sumatikallola (31) harSanaMdana (saM0 1705) (32) megharAja vAcaka (33) bhAvasAgara (34) padmasundaragaNi (35) kastUracandra (saM0 1896) (36) harSavallabha upAdhyAya (saM0 1693) (37) vivekahaMsa (38) jJAnavimalasUri (39) pAvacandra (40) ajitadevasUri (41) rAjacandra (42) pAvacandra (43) rAjacandra (44) ratnaprabhasUri - (45) samaracandrasUri (46) padmasAgara (saM0 1700) (47) jIvavijaya (saM0 1784) (48) puNyasAgara (saM0 1645) (49) vinayarAjagaNI (50) pAvacandra (51) vinayasenasUri (52) hemacandragaNi (53) samaracandra (saM0 1603) (54) pAvacandra (55) saubhAgyasAgara (56) kIrtivallabha (saM0 1552) (57) upAdhyAya kamalasaMyata (saM0 1554) (58) taporatnavAcaka (saM0 1550) (56) guNazekhara jIvAbhigama prajJApanA jambUdvIpaprajJapti catu:zaraNa AturapratyAkhyAna saMstArakavRtti tandulavaicArika bRhadkalpa uttarAdhyayana

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542 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA TokAkAra pranya uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayanavRtti (60) lakSmIvallabha (61) bhAvavijaya (saM0 1689) (62) harSanaMdagaNI (63) dharmamaMdira upAdhyAya (saM0 1750) (64) udayasAgara (saM0 1546) (65) municandrasUri .. (66) jJAnazIlagaNI (67) ajitacandrasUri (68) rAjazIla (66) udayavijaya (70) megharAjavAcaka (71) nagarSigaNi (72) ajitadevasUri (73) mANikyazekhara (74) jJAnasAgara (75) sumatisUri (76) samayasundara (saM0 1681) (77) zAntidevasUri (78) somavimalasUri (79) rAjacandra (saM01667) (80) pAvacandra (81) merusundara (2) mANikyazekhara (83) jJAnasAgara (84) kSamAratna (85) mANikyazekhara (86) jayadayAla (87) pAvacandra (88) jJAnasAgara (saM01436) (9) mANikyazekhara (10) brahmamuni (brahmarSi) dazavakAlikavRtti piNDaniyuktivRtti nandivRtti oghaniyukti dazAzrutaskandhavRtti

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 543 ina TIkAkAroM ke atirikta bhI anya aneka TIkAkAra hue haiM jinhoMne TIkAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| kalpasUtra bhI jo atyadhika lokapriya jaina Agama hai usa para bhI aneka TIkAeM nirmita huI haiN| kalpasUtra aura usakI TIkAoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya nimna prakAra hai| kalpasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM nandIsUtra meM Agama sAhitya kI vistRta sUcI prApta hotI hai / Agama kI sabhI zAkhAoM kA nirUpaNa usameM kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama Agama ko aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya-do rUpoM meM vibhakta kara phira aMgabAhya aura Avazyakavyatirikta ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| usake pazcAt Avazyakavyatirikta ke bhI do bheda kiye haiM-kAlika aura utkAlika / kAlikasUtra kI sUcI meM eka kalpa kA nAma AyA hai jo vartamAna meM bRhatkalpa nAma se jAnA-pahacAnA jAtA hai aura utkAlika zruta kI sUcI meM 'cullakalpazruta' aura 'mahAkalpazruta' ina do kalpasUtroM ke nAma Aye haiN| munizrI kalyANavijayajI kA mAnanA hai ki mahAkalpa kA viccheda hue hajAra varSa se bhI adhika samaya ho gayA hai, aura cullakalpazruta ko hI Aja paryuSaNA kalpasUtra kahate haiN| parantu isa mata ke samarthana meM unhoMne kisI bhI prAcIna grantha kA AdhAra prastuta nahIM kiyA hai| AgamaprabhAvaka munizrI puNyavijayajI kA abhimata hai ki 'mahAkalpa aura cullakalpa' Agama nandIsUtrakAra devavAcakagaNI (devaddhigaNI) kSamAzramaNa ke samaya bhI nahIM the| unhoMne usa samaya kucha yathAzruta evaM kucha yathAdRSTa nAmoM kA saMgraha mAtra kiyA hai, ata: cullakalpazruta ko paryuSaNA kalpasUtra mAnane kA munizrI kalyANavijayajI kA abhimata yuktiyukta aura Agama sammata nahIM hai| sthAnAGgasUtra meM dazAzrutaskaMdha kA nAma "AyAradasA" (AcAradazA) diyA hai| usake dasa adhyayana haiM aura unameM AThavAM adhyayana paryuSaNA 1 prabandha pArijAta-munizrI kalyANavijayajI, pR0 134 / 2 lekhaka ke nAma likhe patra kA saMkSipta sArAMza, patra vikrama saMvata 2024 vaizAkha sudI 5 zukravAra ahamadAbAda se /

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544 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kalpa hai / vartamAna meM jo paryuSaNAkalpasUtra hai, vaha dazAzrutaskaMdha kA hI AThavA~ adhyayana hai| dazAzrutaskaMdha kI prAcInatama pratiyA~ (14 vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI) jo puNyavijayajI mahArAja ke asIma saujanya se mujhe dekhane ko milI haiM, unameM AThaveM adhyayana meM pUrNa kalpasUtra AyA hai jo yaha spaSTa pramANita karatA hai ki kalpasUtra koI svataMtra evaM managaDhanta racanA nahIM hai apitu dazAzrutaskaMdha kA hI AThavAM adhyayana hai| dUsarI bAta dazAzrutaskaMdha para dvitIya bhadrabAha kI jo niyukti hai, jisakA samaya vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI hai, usameM aura usa niyukti ke AdhAra se nirmita cUNi meM dazAzrutaskaMdha ke AThaveM adhyayana meM, vartamAna meM pracalita paryuSaNAkalpasUtra ke padoM kI vyAkhyA milatI hai| munidhI puNyavijayajI kA abhimata hai ki dazAzrutaskaMdha kI cUNi lagabhaga solaha sau varSa purAnI hai| prazna ho sakatA hai ki Adhunika dazAzrutaskaMdha kI pratiyoM meM kalpasUtra likhA huA kyoM nahIM milatA? isakA uttara yahI hai ki jaba se kalpasUtra kA vAcana pRthak rUpa se prArambha huA, taba se dazAzrutaskaMdha meM se vaha adhyayana kama kara diyA gayA hogaa| yadi pahale se hI vaha usameM sammilita na hotA to niyukti aura cUNi meM usake padoM kI vyAkhyA na aatii| sthAnakavAsI jaina paramparA dazAzrutaskaMdha ko prAmANika Agama svIkAra karatI hai to kalpasUtra ko jo usI kA eka vibhAga hai, aprAmANika mAnane kA koI kAraNa nahIM pratIta hotaa| mUla kalpasUtra meM aisA koI prasaMga yA ghaTanA nahIM hai jo sthAnakavAsI paramparA kI mAnyatA ke viparIta ho| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana jhA~kI kA varNana bhI jambUdvIpaprajJapti se viparIta nahIM hai| anya tIrthaGkaroM kA varNana jaisA sUtrarUpa meM anya Agama sAhitya meM bikharA par3A hai, usI prakAra kA isameM bhI hai| sAmAcArI 1 AcAradasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNatA, taM jahA-bIsaM asamAhiThANA, egavIsaM sabalA, tItosaM AsAyaNAto aTThavihA gaNI saMpayA, dasa cittasamAhiThANA, egArasa uvAsagapaDimAto, bArasa bhikkhupaDimAto, pajjosavaNa-kappo, tIsaM mohaNijja ThAmA, AjAiTThANaM-sthAnAGga 10 sthAna / 2 kalpasUtra prastAvanA, pR0 8--punnyvijyjii|

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AgamoM kA vyaterrere sAhitya *** kA varNana bhI Agama-sammata hai| sthavirAvalI kA nirUpaNa bhI kucha parivartana ke sAtha nandI sUtra meM AyA hI hai / ataH hamArI dRSTi se kalpasUtra ko prAmANika mAnane meM bAdhA nahIM hai / pAzcAtya vicArakoM kA abhimata hai ki kalpasUtra meM caudaha svapnoM kA AlaMkArika varNana pIche se jor3A gayA hai evaM sthavirAvalI tathA sAmAcArI kA kucha aMza bhI bAda meM prakSipta huA hai| paM0 munizrI puNyavijayajI kA mantavya hai ki una vicArakoM ke kathana meM avazya hI kucha satya tathya rahA huA hai| kyoMki kalpa-sUtra kI prAcInatama prati vi0 saMvat 1247 kI tADapatrIya prApta huI hai| usameM caudaha svapnoM kA varNana nahIM hai / kucha prAcIna pratiyoM meM svapnoM kA varNana AyA bhI hai to ati saMkSipta rUpa se AyA hai / niryukti, cUrNi evaM pRthvIcandra TippaNa Adi meM bhI svapna sambandhI varNana kI vyAkhyA nahIM hai| phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki Aja kalpasUtra meM svapna sambandhI jo AlaMkArika varNana hai, vaha eka hajAra varSa se kama prAcIna nahIM hai| yaha kisake dvArA nirmita hai, yaha anveSaNIya hai / " kalpasUtra kI niryukti, cUrNi Adi se yaha siddha hai ki indra-Agamana, garbha-saMkramaNa, aTTaNazAlA, janma, prItidAna, dIkSA, kevalajJAna, varSAvAsa, meM nirvANa, antakRtabhUmi, Adi kA varNana usake nirmANa ke samaya kalpasUtra thA aura yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki jinacaritAvalI ke sAtha usa samaya sthavirAvalI aura sAmAcArI vibhAga bhI thaa| 2 yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki sthavirAvalI meM devadvigaNI kSamAzramaNa taka ke jo nAma Aye haiM, ve zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke dvArA varNita nahIM haiM apitu Agama vAcanA ke samaya isameM saMkalita kara diye gaye haiN| 1 kalpasUtra - prastAvanA, pR0 6 kA sArAMza puNyavijayajI / 2 (ka) purimacarimANa kappo, maMgalaM baddhamANatitthammi / iha parikahiyA jina-gaNaharAiyerAvali caritaM, kalpasUtraniyukti 62 (kha) purimacarimANa ya titthamarANaM esa magyo ceva jahA vAsAvAsaM pajjosaveyavvaM paDatu vA vAsa mA vA / majjhimagANaM puNa bhayitaM / avi ya baddhamANatitthammi maMgalaNimitaM jiNagaNahara (rAiyerA) baliyA sambesi ca jiNANaM samosaraNANi parikahijjeti / --- kalpasUtraNa, pR0 101 - puNyavijayajI dvArA sampAdita

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546 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA munizrI puNyavijayajI ke abhimatAnusAra sAmAcArI vibhAga meM "antarA vi se kappai no se kappai ta rayaNi uvAyaNA vittae" yaha pATha saMbhavataH AcArya kAlaka ke bAda banAyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM sAra yaha hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu dvArA racita kalpasUtra meM anya AgamoM kI taraha kucha aMza prakSipta huA hai, usI ko dekhakara zrI vebara ne yaha dhAraNA banAyI hai ki kalpasUtra kA mukhya bhAga devaddhigaNI ke dvArA racita hai / aura munizrI amaravijayajI ke ziSya caturavijayajI ne dvitIya bhadrabAha kI racanA mAnI hai| yaha donoM mAnyatAe~ prAmANika nahIM haiN| ___Aja anekAneka pramANoM se yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki kalpasUtra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI racanA hai| jaba dazAzrutaskaMdha bhadrabAhu nirmita hai to kalpasUtra usI kA eka vibhAga hone se vaha bhI bhadrabAhu dvArA hI nirmita hai| yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ne dazAzrutaskaMdha Adi jo Agama likhe, ve kalpanA prasUta nahIM haiN| unhoMne dazAzrutaskaMdha, nizItha, vyavahAra aura bRhatkalpa ye sabhI Agama nauveM pUrva ke pratyAkhyAna vibhAga se uddhRta kiye haiN| pUrva gaNadharakRta haiM to ye Agama bhI pUrvo se niryaDha hone ke kAraNa eka dRSTi se gaNadharakRta ho jAte haiN| dazAzrutaskaMdha chedasUtra meM parigaNita hone para bhI prAyazcitta sUtra nahIM hai kintu AcArasUtra hai| etadartha AcAryoM ne ise caraNakaraNAnuyoga ke vibhAga meM liyA hai| chedasUtroM meM dazAzrutaskaMdha ko mukhya sthAna diyA 1 kalpasUtra prastAvanA 2 iNDiyana eNTIkverI, jilda 21, pR0 212-213 / 3 maMtrASirAja-cintAmaNi-jaina stotra saMdoha, prastAvanA pR0 12-13, prakAzaka-- sArAbhAI mANilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda san 1836 / 4 (ka) baMdAmi mahabAhu~ pAiNaM cariyasayalasuyaNANi / suttassa kAragamisi dasAsu kappe ya babahAre / / -vazAca taskaMdhaniyukti, gA0 1 (kha) teNa bhagavatA mAyArapakappa dasAkappa vavahArA ya navamapuvanIsaMdabhUtA nijjuuddhaa| -paMcakalpabhASya, gA0 23 cuNi 5 kataraM suttaM ? dasAukappo vavahAro ya / katarAto uddhRtaM ? ucyte-pcckkhaannpuvaao| ---vazAtha taskaMSaNi, patra 2 / 6 ihaM caraNakaraNANuogeNa adhikaaro| --- dazAtha taskaMdhaNi, patra 2 //

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 547 gayA hai| jaba dazAzrutaskandha chedasUtroM meM mukhya hai to usI kA vibhAga hone se kalpasUtra kI mukhyatA bhI svataHsiddha hai / dazAzrutaskandha kA ullekha mUlasUtra uttarAdhyayana ke ikatIsaveM adhyayana meM bhI huA hai| niyukti-cUNi - kalpasUtra kI sabase prAcIna byAkhyA kalpa-niyukti aura kalpacUrNi hai| niyukti gAthA rUpa padya meM hai aura cUNi gadya rUpa meM hai| donoM kI bhASA prAkRta hai| niyukti ke racayitA dvitIya bhadrabAha haiN| cUNi ke racayitA ke sambandha meM abhI koI nirNaya nahIM ho sakA hai| kalpAntarvAcya niyukti aura cUNi ke pazcAt kalpAntarvAcya prApta hote haiN| ye vyAkhyA grantha nahIM hai apitu vaktA kalpasUtra kA vAcana karate samaya pravacana ko sarasa banAne ke lie anyAnya granthoM se jo noTsa letA thA unheM hI yahA~ kalpAntarvAcya kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| jitane kalpAntarvAcya prApta hote haiM ve sabhI eka hI lekhaka kI pratilipiyAM nahIM haiM, apitu vividha lekhakoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se unako taiyAra kiyA hai| kucha lekhaka tapAgacchIya, kucha kharataragacchIya aura kucha aMcalagacchIya rahe haiN| unameM AyI haI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke varNana se yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| eka kalpAntarvAcya ko zrI sAgarAnanda sUri ne 'kalpa samarthana' ke nAma se prasiddha karAyA hai| TIkAeM jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta vAGamaya kA atyadhika pracalana dekhakara AgamoM para bhI saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAe~ likhiiN| kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM niyukti aura cUNi ke prayoga ke sAtha hI apanI ora se bhI lekhakoM ne bahuta kucha nayI sAmagrI saMkalita kI hai| sandehaviSauSadhikalpapaMjikA isa TIkA ke racayitA jinaprabhasUri haiN| brahaTrippanikA ke abhimatAnusAra TIkA kA racanA kAla saM0 1364 hai| zloka parimANa 2500 ke --zA taskaMSaNi, patra 2 // 1 imaM pugaccheyasutapamuhabhUtaM / 2 paNavIsabhAvaNAhi uddesesu dasAiNaM / je bhikkhU jayaI nizcaM se na acchaha maNDale // -uttarA0pa031, gA017

Page #577
548 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA lagabhaga hai / bhASA praur3ha hai| kahIM-kahIM anAgamika varNana bhI A gayA hai| inhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke SaT kalyANakoM kI carcA bhI kI hai| kalpakiraNAvalI isa TIkA ke nirmAtA tapAgacchIya upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara haiN| vikrama saMvat 1628 meM isakA nirmANa huA hai| zloka parimANa 4514 / / hai| isa TIkA kI parisamApti rAdhanapura meM huI hai| itivRtta sambandhI aneka bhUleM TIkA meM dRSTigocara hotI haiM aura sAtha hI sandehaviSauSadhi TIkA kA spaSTa prabhAva bhI parilakSita hotA hai| pradIpikAvRtti isake TIkAkAra panyAsa saMghavijaya haiN| TIkA kA parimArjana upAdhyAya dhanavijaya ne 1681 meM kiyA thA / zloka parimANa 3250 hai| TIkA kI sabase mahatvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki lekhaka khaNDana-maNDana kI pravRtti se alaga-thalaga rahA hai| pUrva TIkAoM kI taraha isa TIkA meM bhI kucha sthaloM para zruTiyA~ avazya huI haiN| kalpadIpikA isa TIkA ke lekhaka panyAsa jayavijayajI haiM aura saMzodhanakartA haiM bhaavbijygnnii| vikrama saM0. 1677 kI kArtika zuklA saptamI ko yaha TIkA samApta huI hai / lekhaka ne prazasti meM apane guru kA nAma upAdhyAya vimala harSa diyA hai / zloka parimANa 3432 hai / bhASA prAJjala hai / apane virodhI mantavyoM kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai para madhuratA evaM ziSTatA ke sAtha aura tarkasaMgata / pAThakoM ko vaha khaNDana akharatA nahIM hai| ......kalpapravIpikA. .. . isa TIkA ke racayitA saMghavijayajI haiN| vikrama saM0 1676 meM yaha TIkA samApta huI hai| 1 prabandha pArijAta : muni kalyANavijaya, pR0 157 2. anuSTumo'STa catvAriMzacchatAni ca cturdsh| SoDazopari varNAzca, granthamAnamihoditam / / -kalpakiraNAvalI 3 praNamya nikhilAn sUrIn, svaguru satatodayam / ... kurve . svabodhavidhaye, sugamAkalpadIpikAm // 2 // 4 pratyakSaraM gaNanayA granthamAnaM zatAH smRtAH / / catuSpaJcAzadetasyAM vRtto. sUtrasamanvitam / / ... ..

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 546 kalpasubodhikA isa TIkA ke racayitA upAdhyAya vinayavijaya jI haiN| vikrama saM0 1696 meM yaha TIkA nirmita kI gaI hai| pUrva kI sabhI TIkAoM se prastuta TIkA vistRta hai| bhASA kI saralatA evaM viSaya kI subodhatA ke kAraNa anya TIkAoM se adhika lokapriya huI hai| kalpakiraNAvalI aura kalpadIpikA TokAoM kA khaNDana-maNDana bhI yatra-tatra kiyA gayA hai| TIkA kA zloka parimANa 5400 hai| prazasti se spaSTa hai TIkA kA saMzodhana upAdhyAya , bhAvavijayajI ne kiyA thaa| kalpakaumudI isa TIkA ke lekhaka upAdhyAya zAntisAgarajI haiN| vikrama saM0 1707 meM unhoMne yaha TIkA pATaNa meM likhI / zloka saMkhyA 3707 hai| TIkA meM upAdhyAya vinayavijayajI kI kaTa AlocanA kI gaI hai| upAdhyAyajI ne subodhikA TIkA meM jo kalpakiraNAvalI TIkA kA khaNDana kiyA hai, usI kA pratyuttara isameM diyA gayA hai| kalpavyAkhyAnapaddhati isake saMkalanakAra vAcaka zrI harSasAra ke ziSya zrI zivanidhAna gaNI haiN| yaha apUrNa hai| munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke abhimatAnusAra isakI racanA 17vIM zatAbdI meM honI caahie| kalpadra makalikA isa TIkA ke racayitA kharataragacchIya upAdhyAya lakSmIvallabha haiN| TIkA meM racanAkAla kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna pAzva ke / 1 tasya sphuradurukItarvAcakavarakItivijayapUjyasya / vinayavijayo vineyaH subodhikA vyaracayat kalpa // 12 // samazodhayaMstathainAM paNDitasaMvignasahRdayAvataMsAH / zrIvimalaharSavAcakavaMze muktAmaNisamAnAH // 13 // dhiSaNAnirjitaSiSaNAH sarvatra prasRtakItikapUrAH / / zrImAvavijayavAcakakoTIrAH zAstravasunikaSAH // 14 // rasanidhirasazazivarSe jyeSThe mAse samujjvale pakSe / gurupuSye yatno'yaM saphalo jajJe dvitIyAyAm // 15 // zrIrAmavijayapaNDitaziSyazrIvijayavibudhamukhyAnAm / 3. abhyarthanApi heturvijJeyo'syAH " kRtI vivRteH // 16 //

Page #579
550 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jIvana meM sarpayugala sambandhI ghaTanA tathA bhagavAna ke mukhAravinda se mahAmaMtra sunAne kI ghaTanA zvetAmbara caritra granthoM se viparIta hai|" kalpalatA - isa TIkA ke racayitA samayasundaragaNI haiN| vikrama saM0 1666 ke Asa-pAsa unhoMne yaha racanA kI hai| vRtti kA granthamAna 7700 zloka pramANa hai| harSavardhana ne isa TIkA kA saMzodhana kiyA hai| lekhaka ne kharataragacchIya mAnyatAoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara TIkA nirmANa karane kA saMkalpa kiyA hai| kalpasUtraTippamaka isake racayitA AcArya pRthvIcandrasUri haiN| unhoMne TippaNa ke anta meM apanA paricaya diyA hai| ve devasenagaNI ke ziSya haiN| devasenagaNI ke guru yazobhadra haiM aura ve rAjA zAkaMbharI ko pratibodha dene vAle dharmaghoSa sUri ke ziSya haiN| dharmaghoSa sUri ke guru candrakulAvataMsaka AcArya zIlabhadrasUri ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| paM0 munizrI puNyavijayajI ke abhimatA. nusAra ve caudahavIM zatAbdI meM hone cAhie / zloka parimANa 685 hai| kalpapradIpa * isa TIkA ke racayitA saMghavijayagaNI haiN| 1 tao bhagavayA NiyayapurisavayaNeNa davAvio se paMcaNamokkAro paccakkhANaM ca, paDicchiyaM teNa / -utpanna mahApurisa pariya, pR. 262 2 candrakulAmbarazazinazcAritrazrIsahasrapatrasya / zrIzIlabhadrasUreguNaratnamahodadheH ziSyaH // 1 // abhavad vAdimadaharaSaTtammiojabodhanadinezaH / zrIdharmaghoSasUribodhitazAkambharInRpatiH // 2 // cAritrAmbhodhizazI trivrgprihaarjnitbudhhrssH| . dazitavidhiH zamanidhiH siddhAntamahodadhiprabaraH // 3 // babhUva zrIyazobhadrasUristacchiSyazekharaH / tatyAdapadmamadhupo'bhUcchIdevasenagaNiH // 4 // TippanakaM paryuSaNAkalpasyAlikhadavekSya zAstrANi / taccaraNakamalamadhupaH zrIpRthvIcandrasUriridam / / 5 / / iha yadyapi na svadhiyA vihitaM kiJcit tathApi budhvgaiH| saMzodhyamadhikamUnaM yad bhaNitaM svaparabodhAya // 6 // -kalpasUtra Tippanakam, pR0 23-puNyavijayanI dvArA sampAvita

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arat at aurentreka sAhitya 551 kalpasUtrArtha prabodhanI isa TIkA ke nirmAtA abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa ke sampAdaka zrI rAjendra sUri haiN| yaha TIkA bahuta vistRta hai| ina TIkAoM ke atirikta kalpasUtravRtti ( udayasAgara), kalpadurgapada nirukti, paryuSaNASTAhnikA vyAkhyAna, paryuSaNaparva vicAra, kalpamaMjarI ratnasAgara, kalpasUtra jJAna dIpikA (jJAna vijaya ), avacUrNi, avacUri TabbA Adi aneka TIkAe~ va anuvAda upalabdha hote haiN| DAkTara harmana kobI ne kalpasUtra kA iMgliza meM anuvAda prakAzita kiyA hai aura usa para mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA bhI likhI hai| paM0 becaradAsajI ne usakA gujarAtI meM anuvAda kiyA hai| sthAnakavAsI muni upAdhyAya zrI pyAracandajI mahArAja ne saMkSipta hindI anuvAda kiyA hai| suttAgame ke dvitIya bhAga meM muni puphphabhikkhujI ne bhI mUlakalpasUtra chapavAyA hai| pUjya paM0 munizrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja ne navIna kalpasUtra kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isa prakAra kalpasUtra para vizAla vyAkhyA sAhitya samaya-samaya para nirmita huA hai, jo usakI lokapriyatA kA jvalaMta pramANa hai / AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja 20vIM sadI meM sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja kA janma saM0 1941 meM udayapura ke sannikaTa jasavantagar3ha mevAr3a meM huaa| unakI mA~ kA nAma vimalAbAI ora pitA kA nAma prabhudatta thA / javAharAcArya ke pAsa unhoMne ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura sthAnakavAsI paramparA mAnya 32 AgamoM para saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAe~ nirmANa kIM / ApakI TIkAoM kI zailI vyAsa hai / kaI viSayoM meM punarAvRttiyA~ bhI huI haiN| paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ko puSTa karane kA lekhaka kA prayAsa rahA hai / aneka granthoM ke uddharaNa TIkA meM diye haiM kintu una sthaloM kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jijJAsuoM ke lie ye TIkAe~ bahuta hI upayogI haiN| 32 AgamoM para eka sAtha TIkA karane vAle ye sarvaprathama AcArya haiM / TIkAoM meM kahIM-kahIM para lekhaka kA svatantra cintana ujAgara huA hai / isa prakAra Agama sAhitya para jo virATa TIkA sAhitya likhA gayA hai usameM AgamoM ke tathyoM kA udghATana karate hue AcArazAstra, darzanazAstra, samAjazAstra, yogazAstra, nAgarikazAstra, bhUgola- khagola, rAja

Page #581
552 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA nIti, caritra, dharma aura saMskRti, prabhRti aneka viSayoM kA sAGgopAGga nirUpaNa huA hai| lokabhASAoM meM racita vyAkhyAeM saMskRta, prAkRta bhASAoM meM TIkAoM kI saMkhyA atyadhika bar3ha jAne aura una TIkAoM meM dArzanika carcAeM caramasImA para pahu~ca jAne para una bhASAoM se anabhijJa janasAdhAraNa ke lie unako samajhanA kaThina thA / taba janahita kI dRSTi se AgamoM ke zabdArtha karane vAlI saMkSipta TIkAe~ banAI gaIM aura ve bhI loka bhASAoM meM sarala aura subodha zailI meM likhI gii| phalasvarUpa rAjasthAnI mizrita prAcIna gujarAtI jise apabhraMza kahA jAtA hai usameM sAdhu ratnasUri ke ziSya pArzvacaMdragaNi ne vi0 saM0 1572 meM AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga Adi para bAlAvabodha racanAe~ kIM / dharmasiMhamuni vikrama kI 18vIM zatAbdI meM (lokAgacchIya) sthAnakavAsI AcArya muni dharmasiMhajI ne TabbAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| ye saurASTra ke jAmanagara ke nivAsI the| dazAzrImAlI jinadAsa ke putra the| unakI mAtA kA nAma zivA thA / 15 varSa kI umra meM unhoMne lokAgaccha ke AcArya ratnasiMhajI ke ziSya zivajI muni ke upadeza ko zravaNa kara pitA ke sAtha yati dIkSA grahaNa kii| zAstroM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt unheM yaha anubhava huA ki yati varga kA AcaraNa zAstra ke anukUla nahIM hai| unhoMne apane vicAra guru ke samakSa prastuta kiye aura krAnti karane ke lie nivedana bhI kiyaa| zivajI yati ko dharmasiMhajI kA kathana pUrNa satya pratIta huA, kintu unhoMne kahA ki isa samaya ruko, bAda meM isa para cintana kareMge aura saMgha ko AcAra kI dRSTi se sudhAra kara hama donoM punaH pravrajyA grahaNa kreNge| dharmasiMhamuni ne socA jaba gurujI bhI isa kArya ke lie prastuta haiM to mujhe itanI zIghratA nahIM karanI caahie| inheM sudhAra karane ke lie avasara denA cAhie | dharmasiMhamuni ne AgamoM kA gahana adhyayana prArambha kiyA aura sAtha hI Agama graMthoM para TabbA (TippaNa) likhanA prAraMbha kiyA / vyAkhyAprajJapti, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti ke atirikta zeSa sthAnakavAsI paramparA sammata 27 AgamoM para bAlAvabodha

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 553 Tabbe likhe / dharmasiMhajI mahArAja ke Tabbe mUlasparzI evaM artha ko spaSTa karane vAle haiN| ye Tabbe sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM ke lie AgamoM ke artha ko samajhane ke lie atIva upayogI siddha hue| para paritApa hai ki abhI taka koI bhI TabbA prakAzita nahIM huaa| dharmasiMha muni dIrghakAla taka pratIkSA karate rahe para jaba gurujI meM koI parivartana nahIM AyA to unhoMne pUnaH nivedana kiyaa| yati zivajI ne apane ziSya kI parIkSA lene hetu kahA ki ahamadAbAda ke uttara kI ora dariyAkhAna nAmaka jo dargAha hai vahA~ para rAtri bhara rho| ve vahA~ para rAtri bhara rahe aura apane AdhyAtmika bala se dariyAkhAna ke yakSa ko pratibodha diyA tathA prAta: zivajI yati kI anumati grahaNa kara dariyApura daravAje ke bAhara IzAna koNa meM punaH zuddha Aheta saMyama svIkAra kiyaa| prastuta ghaTanA vi0 saM0 1685 kI hai / eka prAcIna kavitA meM bhI yahI bhAva vyakta kiyA gayA hai: saMvata sola pacAsie, amadAbAda majhAra / zivajI guru ko chor3ake, dharmasi huA gacchabahAra / / dharmasiMha muni kA vicaraNa kSetra saurASTra aura gujarAta rahA hai| unhoMne 27 TabboM ke atirikta samavAyAGga kI hunDI, bhagavatI kA yantra, prajJApanA kA yaMtra, sthAnAGga kA yaMtra, jIvAbhigama kA yantra, jambUdvIpa prajJapti kA yantra, candraprajJapti kA yantra, sUryaprajJapti kA yantra, rAjapraznIya kA yantra, vyavahAra kI hunDI, sUtra samAdhi kI hunDI, draupadI kI carcA, sAmAyika kI carcA, sAdhu sAmAcArI, candraprajJapti kI TIpa prabhRti granthoM kI racanA kii| inake atirikta bhI unake racita grantha haiM kintu abhI taka koI bhI grantha prakAzita nahIM huA hai| anuvAda yuga ...TabbA ke pazcAt anuvAda yuga kA prArambha huaa| mukhya rUpa se Agama sAhitya kA anuvAda tIna bhASAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai-aMgrejI, gujarAtI aura hindii| - aMgrejI anuvAda-jarmana vidvAna DaoN. harmana jekobI ne AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, uttarAdhyayana aura kalpasUtra ina cAra AgamoM kA aMgrajI meM

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554 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA anuvAda kiyA / kalpasUtra aura AcArAGga para unakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| abhyara ne dazavakAlika kA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai| isake atirikta upAsakadazAGga, antakRtadazAGga, anuttaropapAtikadazA, vipAka aura nirayAvalikA sUtra ke aMgrejI anuvAda bhI ho cuke haiN| gujarAtI anuvAda-Agama sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAn paNDita becaradAsajI dozI ne bhagavatIsUtra, rAjapraznIya, jJAtAdharmakathA aura upAsakadazAGga sUtra ke anuvAda prakAzita kiye haiN| vizeSa sthaloM para mahattvapUrNa TippaNa bhI haiM aura prArambha meM bhUmikA bhI dI gayI hai| jIvAbhAI paTela ne bhI aneka Agama TippaNa sahita prakAzita kiye haiN| paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga kA saMyukta anuvAda prakAzita kiyA hai| isameM aneka sthaloM para mahattvapUrNa tulanAtmaka dRSTi se TippaNa diye gaye haiM jisameM mAlavaNiyA jI kA pAMDitya spaSTa rUpa se jhalaka rahA hai| muni saMtabAlajI ne AcArAGga, dazavakAlika aura uttarAdhyayana ke anuvAda prakAzita kiye haiM / vizeSa sthaloM para TippaNa bhI likhe gaye haiN| zrI prema jinAgama prakAzana samiti ghATakopara bambaI se mUla va gujarAtI anuvAda sahita Agama prakAzita hue haiM jinake mukhya sampAdaka paNDita zobhAcandra jI bhArilla haiM aura zramaNI vidyApITha meM adhyayana karane vAlI sAdhviyoM ne inakA anuvAda kiyA hai| ye Agama mUla va artha samajhane kI dRSTi se jijJAsu sAdhuoM ke lie atIva upayogI haiN| AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, upAsakadazAGga aura vipAka ye Agama mudrita ho cuke haiM aura 32 AgamoM ke prakAzana kI yojanA hai| inake atirikta mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke vidvAn munivaroM ne kucha AgamoM ke sundara anuvAda bhI prakAzita kiye haiN| Agama prabhAvaka puNyavijayajI mahArAja, dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA Adi ne nandI, anuyogadvAra, prajJApanA Adi mUla Agama prakAzita kiye haiN| una para unhoMne bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa zodha pradhAna gujarAtI va aMgrejI meM prastAvanAeM vistAra se likhI haiN| prastAvanAoM meM aneka mahattvapUrNa rahasyoM kA udghATana bhI kiyA gayA hai / sampAdana Adhunika dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai|

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 555 hindI anuvAda AcArya amolaka RSijI mahArAja sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke eka labdha pratiSThita AcArya the| Apake pitA kA nAma kevalacanda, mAtA kA nAma hulAsAbAI thA / 1934 meM ApakA janma huA / Apane 1944 meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura saMskRta, prAkRta va Agama sAhitya kA adhyayana kara AgamoM kA hindI anuvAda prArambha kiyA aura tIna varSa ke svalpa samaya meM battIsa AgamoM kA anuvAda kara mahAna zruta sevA kii| yaha anuvAda hindI meM sarvaprathama kiyA gayA / ataH kucha sthaloM para anuvAda jitanA spaSTa aura prAMjala honA cAhie utanA nahIM ho sakA kintu isa anuvAda se sAdhAraNa logoM ko, AgamoM ko par3hane meM atyadhika sahAyatA prApta huii| prathama anuvAda hone se unakA svataH mahattva hai / pUjyazrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja paMjAba prAnta ke the / ve sthAnakavAsI jaina zramaNa saMgha ke prathama AcArya the| unhoMne AgamoM kA anuvAda hI nahIM kiyA kintu AgamoM para hindI meM vyAkhyAe~ bhI likhIM / Apane AcArAGga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, anuttaropapAtika, upAsakadazAGga, anuyogadvAra, antakRta dazAGga, sthAnAGga Adi AgamoM para hindI meM vistAra se vivecana likhA hai jo sarala, sugama va pAThakoM ko Agama ke marma ko samajhane meM bahuta hI upayogI hai| AcArya zrI javAharalAla jI mahArAja sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke jyotirdhara AcArya the / ApazrI ke tatvAvadhAna meM sUtrakRtAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI TIkA kA anuvAda huaa| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke mUla mAtra kA anuvAda cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita huA hai| pUjya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja ne dazavekAlika, nandI, praznavyAkaraNa, antagaDa Adi AgamoM ke anuvAda kiye haiM / prasiddha vaktA zrI saubhAgyamalajI mahArAja ne AcArAGga kA, jJAna munijI ne vipAkasUtra kA munizrI kanhaiyAlAlajI 'kamala' ne ThANAGga va samavAyAGga kA, paM0 vijayamunijI ne anuttaropapAtika sUtra kA paNDita hemacandrajI ne praznavyAkaraNasUtra kA anuvAda aura vivecana kiyA hai / ye anuvAda aura vivecana Adhunika bhAva, bhASA va zailI meM kiye gaye haiM / seThiyA jaina lAibrerI bIkAnera se aura saMskRti rakSaka saMgha sailAnA se aneka

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556 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA AgamoM ke anuvAda prakAzita ho cuke haiM unameM bhagavatI sUtra kA sampAdana aura prakAzana sundara huA hai| adyatana zailI meM sampAdana kiyA hai| gaNitAnu yoga, dravyAnuyoga Adi anuyogoM meM Agama sAhitya ke viSayoM kA pRthakkaraNa kiyA gayA hai jo bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| jainAgama nirdezikA meM 45 AgamoM kI viSaya sUcI dI gaI hai| as kaviratna amaracandrajI mahArAja ne zramaNasUtra va sAmAyikasUtra para sundara bhASya likhe haiN| unhoMne sabhASya nizIthasUtra kA bhI sundara sampAdana kiyA hai| earerna ke AThaveM adhyayana kalpasUtra para maiMne bhI sampAdana kara zodha pradhAna vivecana likhA hai jo hindI meM amara jaina Agama zodha saMsthAna gar3ha sivAnA rAjasthAna se prakAzita huA hai aura usakA gujarAtI anuvAda sudharmA jJAna mandira kAndAvADI naM0 4 se prakAzita huA hai| AcArya zrI tulasI jo 'terApaMtha' samudAya ke tejasvI AcArya haiN| unake netRtva meM paNDita munizrI nathamalajI ne dazavekAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAGga va sthAnAGga kA sundara sampAdana kiyA hai aura tulanAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa vivecana bhI likhA hai| sAtha hI dazavekAlika aura uttarAdhyayana ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhI prakAzita hue haiN| 'aMga suttANi' ke tIna bhAgoM meM mUla gyAraha aMga prakAzita hue haiN| paNDita munizrI phUlacandajI mahArAja puphphabhikkhu ne suttAgame ke nAma se do bhAgoM meM mUla battIsa Agama prakAzita kiye haiM aura atyAgame ke tIna bhAgoM meM gyAraha aMgoM kA anuvAda bhI prakAzita kiyA hai / mahAsatI candanAjI ne uttarAdhyayana kA anuvAda vizeSa TippaNa sahita prakAzita kiyA hai| isa prakAra samaya-samaya para yuga ke anukUla Agama sAhitya para virATa vyAkhyA sAhitya nirmita huA hai jo AgamoM ke guru-gaMbhIra rahasyoM ko samajhane meM atyanta upayogI hai| AgamoM para Adhunika dRSTi se tulanAtmaka zodha pradhAna vyAkhyA sAhitya likhA jAya, yaha yuga kI mA~ga hai aura Agama ke una dArzanika tathyoM para bhI tulanAtmaka dRSTi se cintana

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AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya 557 kiyA jAya yaha apekSita hai| Agama ratnAkara haiM unameM jitanI gaharI DubakI lagAI jAegI, utane hI anamola ratna prApta hoNge| AvazyakatA hai zodhArthiyoM ko isa sambandha meM anveSaNA karane kii| saMkSepa meM prastuta grantha meM aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda, prakIrNaka, niyukti, bhASya, cUNi va saMskRta TIkAe~, loka bhASAoM meM racita bAlavabodha aMgrejI, gujarAtI va hindI anuvAda kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai| yaha paricaya jijJAsuoM ke antarmAnasa meM Agama sAhitya ke prati adhyayanaadhyApana kI ruci jAgRta karegA aisA mujhe dRr3ha vizvAsa hai| 7

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paMcama khaNDa digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa paTakhaMDAgama kavAyapAhaDa tiloyapatti pravacanasAra samayasAra paMcAstikAya niyamasAra darzanaprAbhUta cAritrAmRta bodhaprAmRta bhAvaprAmRta mokSaprAmRta dvAvazAnuprekSA suttapAiDa mUlAcAra bhagavatI mArAdhanA kArtikeyAnuprekSA gommaTasAra labdhisAra trilokasAra vyasaMgraha jaMbUdIpapattisaMgaho dhammarasAyaNa ArAdhanAsAra tasvasAra varzanasAra bhAvasaMgraha bRhadnayavaka jJAnasAra vasunambI zrAvakAcAra ataskandha nijAtmASTaka chepiMDa bhAvatribhaMgI AsravatribhaMgI sivAntasAra aMgapaNAsI kallANaloyaNA DhADhasogAthA chevazAstra

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa digambara-paramparA kI sthApanA kaba huI-yaha vijJoM ke lie anveSaNIya hai| paramparA kI dRSTi se vIra nirvANa kI chaThI aura sAtavIM zatAbdI meM isakI sthApanA mAnI jAtI hai / 'zvetAmbara' isa zabda kA prayoga bhI kaba prArambha huA yaha bhI cintanIya prazna hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara ye donoM sApekSa zabda haiM / eka kA nAmakaraNa hone ke pazcAt hI dUsare kA nAmakaraNa huA hogaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sacela aura acela donoM prakAra ke zramaNa the jisakA varNana hameM AcArAMga meM milatA hai / AcArAMga meM sacela zramaNa ke lie vastraSaNA kA vidhAna hai, acela zramaNa kA bhI varNana hai| uttarAdhyayana meM acela aura sacela donoM avasthAoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| kalpasUtra ke anusAra acela muni jinakalpika aura sacela muni sthavirakalpika nAma se jAne-pahacAne jAte the| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, sudharmA aura jambU kA itanA tejasvI vyaktitva thA ki bAhya AcAra meM dvividhatA hone para bhI unake sAmane kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM ho skaa| isake pazcAt AcArya paramparA meM bheda prApta hotA hai| digambara va zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra vaha bheda isa prakAra hai 1 bAcArAMga1-1-8 2 AcArAMga 2-5 3 AcArAMga 1-1-6 4 uttarAdhyayana 2-13 5 kalpasUtra 6-28-63

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562 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA digambara' zvetAmbara kebalI gautama 12 varSa sudharmA 20 varSa sudharmA 12 varSa jambU 44 varSa jambU 38 varSa prabhava 11 varSa zrutakevalI-viSNu 14 varSa zayyaMbhava 23 varSa nandimitra 16 varSa yazobhadra 50 varSa aparAjita 22 varSa saMbhUtivijaya varSa govardhana 16 varSa bhadrabAhu 14 varSa bhadrabAhu 26 varSa 162 varSa 170 varSa tAtparya yaha hai ki jambU ke pazcAt kucha samaya taka donoM paramparAe~ AcAryoM meM bheda mAnatI haiM aura bhadrabAhu ke samaya punaH donoM eka ho jAtI haiN| isa bheda, abheda kA mUla, saiddhAntika matabheda thA-yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| usa samaya saMgha eka thA tathApi gaNa aura zAkhAe~ aneka thiiN| AcArya caturdazapUrvI bhI bahuta the| sambhavataH prabhava svAmI ke samaya meM hI paraspara meM matabheda ke bIja panapane lage hoNge| dazavakAlika sUtra meM AcArya zayyaMbhava ne spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki vastra rakhanA parigraha nahIM hai| saMyama aura lajjA ke nimitta vastra rakhane ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne parigraha nahIM kahA hai| isa kathana se aisA lagatA hai ki usa samaya saMgha meM Antarika matabheda prArambha ho gayA thaa| Arya jambU ke pazcAt zvetAmbara dRSTi se dasa vastueM vichinna ho gii| unameM se eka jinakalpika avasthA bhI hai| yaha kathana bhI paramparA-bheda ko puSTa 1 digambara, dhavalA pu0 1, prastAvanA pR0 26 2 (ka) zvetAmbara, iNDiyana eNTI0, bhAga 11, sepTembara, pRSTha 245-246 (kha) vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA-muni kalyANavijayajI, pR0 162 3 na so parimgaho vutto, nAyaputaNa tAiNA / mucchA pariggaho vutto, ii vutta mahesiNA // -dazavakAlika 620 4 gaNa-paramohi-pulAe, AhAraga-khavama uvasame kappe / saMjama-tiya kevali-sijjhaNAe jaMbummi bucchinnA / / --vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2563

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 563 karatA hai / vIra nirvANa 160 ke lagabhaga bhadrabAhu ke samaya pATalIputra meM jo Agama-vAcanA huI usa samaya donoM paramparAoM kA matabheda ugra ho gayA / isake pahale Agama ke sambandha meM ekatA thI, kintu dIrghakAla ke duSkAla meM aneka zrutadhara muni paralokavAsI ho gaye / bhadrabAhu kI anupasthiti meM gyAraha aMgoM kA saMkalana- Akalana huA para vaha sabhI ko samAna rUpa se mAnya nahIM ho sakA aura donoM hI vicAradhArAoM kA matabheda spaSTa rUpa se sAmane AyA / vIra nirvANa saM0 827 - 840 ke bIca mAthurI vAcanA huI, usameM jo zruta kA rUpa nizcita huA vaha acelaka samarthakoM ko bilakula bhI svIkAra nahIM huA / isa taraha AcAra aura zruta ke sambandha meM matabheda ugra hote gaye aura vIra nirvANa kI chaThI aura sAtavIM zatAbdI meM eka nirgrantha zAsana do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / AvazyakabhASya', AvazyakacUrNi prabhRti zvetAmbara granthoM meM mahAvIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa ke pazcAt zivabhUti ne 'rathavIrapura nagara meM boTika - digambara mata kI sthApanA kii| jabaki AcArya devasena ke mantavyAnusAra rAjA vikramAditya kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt vallabhI meM zvetAmbara saMgha kI saMsthApanA huii| harisena racita bRhadukathAkoSa, devasena racita darzanasAra, bhaTTAraka ratnanandI viracita bhadrabAhucaritra meM pRthaka-pRthaka mAnyatAoM kA bhI ullekha hai / jo vyakti sampradAyavAda kI dRSTi se cintana karate haiM ve zvetAmbara paramparA se digambara paramparA nikalI hai aura digambara paramparA se zvetAmbara paramparA nikalI hai isa prakAra kI prarUpaNA karate haiM aura eka dUsare ko apane meM se nikalA huA batAte haiN| sAtha hI granthoM ke pramANa bhI prastuta karate haiM aura apane Apako bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saccA uttarAdhikArI mAnate haiM kintu jaba maiM samanvaya kI dRSTi se socatA hU~ to mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye eka dUsare se nikalI huI zAkhAe~ nahIM haiN| eka dina ye donoM eka hI zarIra ke aMga the, donoM ne milakara hI jainazAsana kI jyoti ko jagamagAyA thA aura kinhIM kAraNoM se ve donoM vibhakta ho gayIM / Avazyaka bhASya 145 2 AvazyakacUrNi 427 3 bRhatkathAkoSa 139; muktiprabodha ( ratalAma vi0 saM0 1984 )

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564 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA yaha pUrNa satya hai ki prArambha meM sacelatva aura acelatva ko lekara kisI bhI prakAra kA paraspara mata-bheda nahIM thaa| AcArya kundakunda ke samaya vaha vivAda bahuta hI ugra ho gayA jisakA ullekha hameM SaTprAbhUta graMtha meM milatA hai| isa vivAda ko miTAne ke lie samaya-samaya para prayAsa bhI hote rahe / yApanIya saMgha zvetAmbara aura digambara ina donoM paramparAoM kA milA-julA rUpa thaa| isa saMgha ke zramaNa zvetAmbara mAnyatA ko mAnane para bhI acelaka rahate the| unakA strI-mukti meM bhI vizvAsa thaa| AcArAGgavRtti meM likhA hai koI zramaNa do vastra rakhatA hai aura koI tIna aura koI eka aura koI acelaka hI rahatA hai to paraspara eka-dUsare kI avajJA na kI jaay| yaha AcAra-bheda zArIrika zakti-dhati ke utkarSa-apakarSa para AdhRta hai ataH sacela zramaNa acela zramaNoM kI avajJA na kareM aura acela zramaNa sacela zramaNoM ko apane se hIna na maaneN| isa kathana meM spaSTa rUpa se samanvaya kI dRSTi jhalaka rahI hai| jahA~ taka mUla siddhAntoM kA prazna hai vahA~ taka hamArI dRSTi se koI vizeSa matabheda nahIM hai| bhaktaparijJA, maraNasamAdhi, piNDaniyukti, Avazyakaniyukti, bRhatkalpabhASya prabhRti zvetAmbara granthoM kI gAthAeM bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi digambara graMthoM meM akSaraza: milatI haiN| digambara mAnyatAnusAra Agama sAhitya vicchinna ho gayA hai kintu digambara graMthoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya AgamoM ke nAma milate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha digambara paramparA bhI aMga-sAhitya graMthoM kI racanA mAnatI hai| donoM hI paramparAe~ dRSTivAda ke pAMca bheda svIkAra karatI haiN| SaTjhAmRta, pR067 jo vi duvatya tivatyo, emeNa acelago va saMtharai / Na hu te hIlaMti paraM, samve piya te jiNANAe // 1 // je khalu visarisakappA, saMghayaNadhiiyAdi kAraNaM pappa / Na'vamannai ga ya hINaM, appANaM mannaI tehiM // 2 // sabve vi jiNANAe, jahAbihiM kamma khavaNaTTAe / viharaMti ujjayA khala, samma abhijANai evaM // 3 // --AcArAMgavRtti

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fdagambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 565 zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM likhA gayA hai jaba fs digambara prAcIna sAhitya zaurasenI bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra AgamoM ke aMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa, ye do bheda haiN| aMgabAhya ke sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, dazavekAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra, kalpakalpa, mahAkalpa, puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka aura nisiddhikA ye caudaha prakAra haiN|" aMgapraviSTa ke AcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRtadazA, anuttaropapAtika dazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka aura dRSTivAda ye bAraha prakAra haiN| dRSTivAda ke parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvaMgata aura cUlikA ye pA~ca adhikAra haiN| parikarma ke candra prajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, dvIpasAgaraprajJapti aura vyAkhyAprajJapti ye pA~ca prakAra haiN| sUtra adhikAra meM jIva trairAzikavAda, niyativAda, vijJAnavAda, zabdavAda, pradhAnavAda, dravyavAda aura puruSavAda kA vizleSaNa hai| prathamAnuyoga, paurANika AkhyAnaka hai| pUrvaMgata adhikAra meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya kA kathana hai tathA ve saMkhyA kI dRSTi se caudaha haiN| cUlikA ke jalagatA, sthalagatA, mAyAgatA, rUpagatA aura AkAzagatA-ye pA~ca prakAra haiN| yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki zvetAmbara dRSTi se cUlikAoM kA pUrvo meM samAveza ho gayA hai kintu digambara dRSTi se unakA pUrvo ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai / digambara dRSTi se dvAdazAGga kA viccheda ho gayA kevala dRSTivAda kA kucha aMza avazeSa rahA hai| jo SaTkhaNDAgama ke rUpa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / caTkhaNDAgama yaha AcArya puSpadanta va bhUtabali kI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| digambara 1 (ka) SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga 1, pR0 36 (kha) sarvArthasiddhi pUjyapAda, 1-20 (ga) tattvArtharAjavAttika : akalaMka, 1-20 (gha) gommaTasAra jIvakANDa : nemicandra, pR0 134 prastuta aMgabAhya vibhAga meM zvetAmbara mAmya dazavekAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra, nizItha AgamoM kA samAveza hai aura sAmAyika, caturvizatistava, bandanA evaM pratikramaNa kA antarbhAga Avazyaka meM kiyA gayA hai|

Page #595
566 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vidvAn isakA racanA kAla vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI mAnate haiN| yaha grantha chaha khaNDoM meM vibhakta hone se SaTkhaNDAgama nAma se vizruta hai / ve chaha khaNDa ye haiM- jIvasthAna, kSudrakabandha, bandhasvAmitvavicaya, vedanA, vargaNA aura mahAbandha / inameM se prathama khaNDa jIvasthAna ke antargata satprarUpaNA ke racayitA AcArya puSpadanta haiM aura zeSa ke racayitA AcArya bhUtabali haiM / isa virATa vizva meM yaha saMsArI prANI kabhI naraka kI dAruNa vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai to kabhI svargIya sukhoM ke sAgara para tairatA hai / kabhI kUkara-zukara banakara galI-kUMcoM meM gaMdagI ke lie chaTapaTAtA hai to kabhI manuSya banakara bhogoM ke pIche pAgala kI taraha bhaTakatA hai / pratipalapratikSaNa vaha sukha prApta karane kA prayAsa karatA hai kintu sukha ke sthAna para duHkha kA hI use adhika anubhava karanA par3atA hai| Adhi-vyAdhi aura upAdhi se jIvana jarjarati ho rahA hai| usa duHkha kA mUla kAraNa karma hai / karma se hI bandha hotA hai / bandha meM bhI kaSAya kI tIvratA aura mandatA hotI hai jisase sthiti va anubhAga hotA hai| jaise eka Ama kA phala samaya para pakakara bhoktA ko miThAsa va khaTAI kA anubhava karAtA hai vaise hI karma bhI apanI sthiti ke anusAra udaya ko prApta hone para sukha-duHkha rUpa phala pradAna karate haiN| jaise phala ko pAla Adi meM rakhakara samaya ke pUrva hI pakA diyA jAtA hai vaise hI tapa Adi se karma ko bhI sthiti pUrNa hone se pahale hI udaya ko prApta karA diyA jAtA hai aura zreSTha anuSThAna se nUtana karma bandhana ko bhI rokA jA sakatA hai| prANI sukha-duHkha kA nirmAtA svayaM hai / anya kisI bhI mAdhyama kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jo mumukSu sAdhaka zarIra va AtmA ke bheda kA anubhava karatA hai vaha saMyama sAdhanA se mukti kA varaNa karatA hai / yahI SaTkhaNDAgama kA mUla pratipAdya viSaya hai| (1) jIvasthAna yaha prathama khaNDa hai / karma ke udaya, upazama, kSayopazama aura kSaya ke dvArA jo jIva kI pariNati hotI hai vaha guNasthAna hai| mithyAtva, sAsAdana ke rUpa meM unake caudaha prakAra haiN| jina avasthA vizeSoM se jIvoM kA mArgeNa yA anveSaNa kiyA jAtA hai ve avasthAe~ mArgaNA haiM / ve caudaha prakAra kI haiM-gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, jJAna, saMyama, darzana, lezyA, bhavyatva, samyaktva, saMjJI aura AhAra / prakRta jIvasthAna meM kaunasA

Page #596
digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 567 jIva kisa guNasthAna meM hai ? yA kina jIvoM meM kitane guNasthAna ho sakate haiM? kina-kina guNasthAna vAle jIvoM kI kitanI saMkhyA hai? unakI avasthitiyAM kyA haiM ? ve kahA~ taka jA sakatI haiM ? kisa guNasthAna kA kitanA kAla hai ? eka guNasthAna ko chor3akara puna: usa guNasthAna ko prApta karane meM kitanA samaya lagatA hai ? kisa guNasthAna meM audayika Adi bhAva kitane ho sakate haiM ? kauna guNasthAnavI jIva kisa guNasthAnavartI jIva se kama yA adhika haiM ? ina sabhI praznoM para cintana prathamataH guNasthAna ke Azraya se kiyA hai / isake bAda una sabhI bAtoM para cintana gati, indriya Adi caudaha mArgaNAoM ke AdhAra se bhI kiyA gayA hai| vividha prakAra ko karmaprakRtiyoM kA saMketa karate hue unakI alaga-alaga sthiti aura udaya meM Ane yogya kAla kI vicAraNA karate hue kisa paryAya meM kaunase guNa kitanI saMkhyA meM prApta ho sakate haiM, Ayu paripUrNa hone para zarIra kA parityAga kara kauna jIva kahA~ para utpanna ho sakatA hai-isa para cintana kiyA hai| sAtha hI kauna jIva kisa prakAra se samyakadarzana va cAritra ko prApta kara sakatA hai-isa para bhI vivecana kiyA hai| (2) kSudrakabandha jIvasthAna khaNDa meM jIvoM para guNasthAna va mArgaNA ke AdhAra se cintana kiyA gayA hai / vaha vahA~ para kucha vizeSatAoM ke sAtha guNasthAna nirapekSa kevala mArgaNAoM ke AdhAra se (1) eka jIva kI dRSTi se svAmitva (2) eka jIva kI dRSTi se kAla (3) eka jIva kI dRSTi se antara (4) nAnAjIvoM kI dRSTi se bhaMgavicaya (5) dravya pramANAnugama (6) kSetrAnugama (7) sparzanAnugama (5) vividha jIvoM kI apekSA kAla () vividha jIvoM kI apekSA antara (10) bhAgAbhAgAnugama (11) alpa bahutvAnugama ina gyAraha anuyogoM dvArA cintana kiyA gayA hai / bandha kA vistAra se nirUpaNa chaThe khaNDa mahAbandha meM kiyA gayA hai| ata: ise kSudrakabandha kahA hai| 1 prastuta khaNDa zItAvarAya lakSmIcaMda jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa amarAvatI se chaH jildoM meM prakAzita huA hai| 2 vahI saMsthA, jilda sAtavA /

Page #597
568 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (3) bandhasvAmitvavicaya mithyAtva, asaMyama, kaSAya aura yoga se jIva aura karma pudgaloM kA jo ekatA rUpa pariNamana hotA hai, vaha bandha hai| kina karmaprakRtiyoM ke bandha meM kauna jIva svAmI hai aura kauna jIva svAmI nahIM hai isa para prathamata: guNasthAna ke dvArA aura usake bAda mArgaNAoM ke dvArA cintana kiyA hai| jisa guNasthAna taka vivakSita prakRtiyoM kA bandha hotA hai usake pazcAt bandha nahIM hotA una prakRtiyoM kA vahA~ taka bandha aura usake pazcAt ke guNasthAnoM meM unakI bandhavyucchiti samajhanA caahie| prazna aura uttara ke rUpa meM ina sabhI praznoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| (4) devanAkhaNDa prastuta khaNDa ke prArambha meM 4 sUtroM dvArA maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt agrAyaNIya pUrva ke antargata pA~cavIM adhikAra vizeSa vastu ke caturtha prAbhRta mUrta karmaprakRti-prAbhRta, kRti vedanA Adi 24 dvAroM kA nirdeza kara nAmakRti, sthApanAkRti, dravyakRti, gaNanAkRti, graMthakRti, karaNakRti aura bhAvakRti ina sAta kRtiyoM para vivecana kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAta bedanA-nikSepa, bedanAnaya, vibhASaNatA, vedanA-nAmavidhAna, vedanA-dravyavidhAna, vedanA-kSetravidhAna, vedanAkAlavidhAna, vedanA-bhAvavidhAna, vedanA-pratyayavidhAna, vedanAsvAmitva vidhAna, vedanA-vedanavidhAna, vedanAgatividhAna, vedanA-ananta ravidhAna, vedanA-sannikarSavidhAna, vedanA-pariNAmavidhAna, vedanA-bhAvAbhAvavidhAna, vedanA-alpabahutvavidhAna ina solaha anuyogadvAroM ke mAdhyama se vedanA kI vicAraNA kI gaI hai| (5) vargaNA - prArambha meM nAma, sthApanA Adi teraha prakAra se sparza para vicAraNA kI gaI hai| yaha vicAraNA sparzanikSepa, sparza-nayavibhASaNatA, anuyogadvAroM ke mAdhyama se kI gaI hai| anantara nAmakarma, sthApanAkarma, dravyakarma, prayogakarma, samavodAnakarma, adhaHkarma, IryApathakarma, tapaHkarma, kriyAkarma aura bhAvakarma ina dasa karmoM para vivecana hai| ina karmoM kA vizleSaNa AcArAna 1 vahI saMsthA, jilda AThavAM / 2 vahI saMsthA, jilda nau se bAraha taka / 3 AcArAMganiyukti, gAthA 192-163, pR0 83

Page #598
digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 566 niyukti meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt nikSepa Adi solaha anuyogadvAroM ke AdhAra se karma kI mUla evaM uttara prakRtiyoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| bandha, bandhaka, bandhanIya aura bandhavidhAna ye karma se sambandhita cAra avasthAeM haiN| dravya kA dravya ke sAtha yA dravya-bhAva kA jo saMyoga yA samavAya hotA hai, vaha bandha hai| prastuta bandha kA kartA jo jIva hai vaha bandhaka hai| bandha ke yogya jo pudgala dravya haiM ve bandhanIya haiN| prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza ye bandhabheda bandhavidhAna kahalAte haiN| prastuta khaNDa meM bandha, bandhaka aura bandhanIya ina tIna kI mukhya rUpa se prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| bandha-vidhAna kA vistAra se vivecana chaThe mahAbandha khaNDa meM kiyA gayA hai| ina pA~ca khaNDoM para vIrasena AcArya ne dhavalA nAmaka TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA jisakA zloka pramANa 72000 hai jo zaka saM0738 (vi0 saM0873) meM parisamApta huii| (6) mahAbandha prastuta khaNDa meM prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza ina pUrva sUcita bandha ke cAra bhedoM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| isa para koI TIkA nahIM hai / bhUtabali ne viSaya ko itane vistAra se likhA hai ki usa para TIkA likhane kI AvazyakatA hI anubhava nahIM kI gii| isa khaNDa kA grantha pramANa 30,000 zloka pramANa hai| jabaki 5 khaNDoM kA mUla graMtha pramANa 6000 zloka hai| __prastuta graMtha kI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta hai| zailI parimArjita aura praur3ha hai / yaha digambara paramparA kA Adya grantha hai| SaTkhaNDAgama aura prajJApanA : eka tulanA . SaTkhaNDAgama aura prajJApanAsUtra kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana 1 usI saMsthA se 13 va 14 do jildoM meM prakAzita / 2 ukta saMsthA se hI mUla grantha ke sAtha 14 jildoM meM prakAzita / 3 ukta khaMDa akAyika, ajaghanyadravyavedanA, adhaHkarma, AgamabhAva prakRti, Agama mAvabaMdha, AlApanabaMdha aura AhAradravyavargaNA ke rUpa meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI se sAta jildoM meM prakAzita /

Page #599
570 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kiyA jAya to sahaja hI parijJAta hogA ki ina donoM AgamoM meM paryApta sAmya hai| prajJApanA ke racayitA dazapUrvadhara Arya zyAmAcArya haiM to SaTkhaNDAgama ke racayitA puSpadanta aura bhUtabali haiN| aitihAsika pramANoM se yaha siddha hai ki puSpadanta aura bhUtabali se pahale zyAmAcArya hue the ata: prajJApanA SaTkhaNDAgama se bahuta pahale kI racanA hai| prajJApanA zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya Agama graMtha hai to SadakhaNDAgama digambara paramparA mAnya Agama graMtha hai| donoM hI AgamoM kA mUla srota dRSTivAda hai| donoM hI AgamoM kA viSaya jIva aura karma kA saiddhAntika dRSTi se vizleSaNa karanA hai| donoM meM alpabahutva kA jo varNana hai usameM atyadhika samAnatA hai jise mahAdaNDaka kahA gayA hai| donoM meM gati-Agati prakaraNa meM tIrthakara, cakravartI, baladeva evaM vAsudeva ke padoM kI prApti ke ullekha kI samAnatA vastUtaH prekSaNIya hai| 1 (ka) ajmayaNamiNaM cittaM suyarayaNaM diTThIvAyaNIsaMda / jaha vaNiyaM bhagavayA, ahamavi taha vaSNaissAmi // -prajJApamAsUtra, pR0 1, gA0 3 (kha) agrAyaNIyapUrvasthita paMcamavastugata caturthamahAkarmaprAbhUtakAH sUridharasena nAmAbhUta // 10 // karmaprakRtiprAmRtamupasaMhAyava SaDmiriha khaNDeH // 134 / / -zutAvatAra-bandhananbIhata (ga) bhUtabali-mayavadA jiNavAlida pAse diTTha visadisutteNa appAuotti avagajiNavAlideNa mahAkammapayaDipAhuussa bocchedo hohadi tti samuppaNabuddhiNA puNo dabvapamANANugamamAdi kAUNa gaMdharayaNA kadA / -SaTkhaNDAgama, jIvaTThANa, bhAga 1, pR071 2 aha bhaMte ! savvajIvappabahu~ mahAdaMDayaM battaissAmi samvatyo vA gambhavakkaMtiyA maNussA......."sajogI visesAhiyA 66, saMsAratthA bisesAhiyA 67, sabva jIvA visesAhiyA / -pramApanAsUtra 334 tulanA kareMetto sambajIvesu mahAdaMDao kAdamvo bhavadi / samvattho vA maNussapajjattA gabamovakkaMtiyA....."NigodajIvA visesAhiyA -SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 7 prajJApanAsUtra, sU01444 se 65 tulanA kareM--- SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 6, sU0 116-220

Page #600
digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 571 donoM meM avagAhanA, antara Adi aneka viSayoM kA samAna rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanA meM chattIsa pada haiN| unameM se teIsaveM, sattAIsaveM aura peMtIsarve pada meM kramazaH karmaprakRtipada, karmabandhapada, karmabandhavedapada, karmavedabandhapada, karmavedavedakapada aura vedanApada ye chaha nAma haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama ke TIkAkAra ne SaTkhaNDAgama ke jIvasthAna, kSudrakabandha, bandhasvAmitva, vedanA, vargaNA aura mahAbandha ye chaha nAma diye haiN| prajJApanA ke upayukta padoM meM jina tathyoM kI carcAe~ kI gaI haiM unhIM tathyoM kI carcAe~ SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI kI gaI haiN| donoM hI AgamoM meM gati Adi mArgaNAsthAnoM kI dRSTi se jIvoM ke alpabahatva para cintana kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanA meM alpabahutva kI mArgaNAoM ke chabbIsa dvAra haiM jinameM jIva aura ajIva ina donoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai to SaTkhaNDAgama meM caudaha guNasthAnoM se sambandhita gati Adi mArgaNAsthAnoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue jIvoM ke alpabahutva para vicAra kiyA hai| prajJApanA meM alpabahutva kI mArgaNAoM ke chabbIsa dvAra haiM to SaTkhaNDAgama meM caudaha haiM kintu donoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki SaTakhaNDAgama meM varNita caudaha mArgaNAdvAra prajJApanA meM varNita chabbIsa dvAroM meM caudaha ke sAtha pUrNa rUpa se milate haiN| jaisA ki adholikhita tAlikA se spaSTa hai :prajJApanA SaT khaNDAgama 1 dizA 2 gati 1 gati 3 indriya 2 indriya 4 kAya 3 kAya 5 yoga 4 yoga 5 veda disi gati iMdiya kAe joge vede kasAyA lessA ya / sammata NANa dasaNa saMjama "uvaoga AhAre / mAsaga paritta pajjatta suhama saNNI bhavatthie crime| jIve ya khetta badhe poggala mahadaMDae ceva / / pamnavaNA0 3 bahuvattavaparya sUtra 212 gA 180, 11 2 SaTakhaNDAgama, pustaka 7, pR0 520

Page #601
572 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 7 kaSAya 6 kaSAya 8 lezyA 10 lezyA samyaktva 12 samyaktva 10 jJAna 7 jJAna 11 darzana 1 darzana 12 saMyama 8 saMyama 13 upayoga 14 AhAra 14 AhAraka 15 bhASaka 16 paritta 17 paryApta 18 sUkSma 19 saMjJI 13 saMjJI 20 bhava 11 bhavya 21 astikAya 22 carima 23 jIva 24 kSetra 25 baMdha 26 pudgala jaise prajJApanAsUtra ke bahuvaktavyatA nAmaka tRtIya pada meM gati prabhRti mArgaNAsthAnoM kI dRSTi se chabbIsa dvAroM ke jIvoM ke alpa-bahatva para cintana karane ke pazcAt prastuta prakaraNa ke anta meM 'aha bhaMte ! savvajIvappabahaM mahAdaMDayaM battaissAmi" kahA hai vaise hI SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI caudaha guNasthAnoM meM gati Adi caudaha mArgaNAsthAnoM dvArA jIvoM ke alpabahutva para cintana karane ke pazcAt prastuta prakaraNa ke anta meM bhI mahAdaNDaka kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanA meM jIva ko kendra mAnakara nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai to SaTkhaNDAgama meM karma ko kendra mAnakara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| kintu khuddAbaMdha 1 SaTakhaNDAgama, pustaka 7, pR0745

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 573 (kSudrakabaMdha) nAmaka dvitIya khaNDa meM bandhaka jIva kA vicAra caudaha mArgaNAsthAnoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| jisakI zailI prajJApanA se atyadhika milatI-julatI hai| prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama ina donoM meM AhAraka evaM anAhAraka jIvoM ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue sayogikevalI ke dvArA AhAra grahaNa karane kA varNana kiyA hai| ayogikevalI evaM samudghAta karate samaya sayogi kevalI AhAra grahaNa nahIM karate / prajJApanA' meM gaNadhara gautama ne jijJAsA prastuta kI -- bhagavan ! kevalI ke AhAra kA kitanA samaya hotA hai ? bhagavAna ne samAdhAna diyA - jaghanya antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa dezanyUna karor3apUrva / puna: jijJAsA prastuta kI--kyA bhagavan ! sayogi bhavastha kevalI anAhAraka hai ? samAdhAna diyA gayA -- gautama ! ajadhanya utkRSTa tIna samaya taka vaha anAhAraka hai / ayogi bhavastha kevalI ke sambandha meM jijJAsA kI gaI ki kyA ve anAhAraka haiM? samAdhAna kiyA gayA he gautama ! jaghanya aura utkRSTa antarmuhUrta taka ve anAhAraka haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI likhA hai ki AhAramAgaMNA kI dRSTi se jIva AhAraka aura anAhAraka donoM hI prakAra ke hote haiN| AhAraka jIva ekendriya se lekara sayogi kevalI paryanta hote haiN| -sUtra 1366 1 'kevali AhArae NaM bhaMte ! kevali AhArae ti kAlato kevaciraM hoI ? goyamA ! jahaNNeNaM aMtomuhata, ukkoseNaM deNaM puNvakoTi / sajogi bhavatyakevala aNAhArae NaM bhaMte ! gomA ! ajahaNNamaNukkoseNaM tiSNi samayA / agamavasyakevala aNAhArae NaM pucchA / gomA ! jahaNeNa vi ukkoseNa vi aMtomuhRtta padmavaNA-sU0 1372-73 2 AharANuvAdeNa atthi AhArA aNAhArA AhArA eyaMdiya-ppahUDi jAva / saMjogakevali tti / - jIvadvAna saMtapadavaNA kevalINaM vA samugdhAdagadANaM - SaTkhaNDAgama, sUtra 175 se 177 aNAhArA cadusu dvANesu viggahabai- samAvaNNANaM ajogikevalI siddhA vedi /

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574 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA anAhAraka caudaha hI sthAnoM meM hote haiM, kintu vigrahagati (antarAlagati jIva), samudghAta karate hue kevalI, ayogi kevalI aura siddha ye anAhAraka haiN| isa prakAra samAna rUpa se kevalI-bhUkti kA varNana donoM hI granthoM meM prajJApanA' kI aneka gAthAe~ SaTkhaNDAgama meM kucha zabdoM ke hera phera ke sAtha milatI hai| yahA~ taka ki Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthAoM se bhI milatI hai| isI prakAra prajJApanA aura SaTakhaNDAgama ina donoM kA pratipAdya viSaya eka hai, donoM kA mUla srota bhI eka hai tathApi bhinna-bhinna lekhaka hone se donoM ke nirUpaNa kI zailI pRthaka-pRthaka rahI hai| kahIM-kahIM para to SaTkhaNDAgama se bhI prajJApanA kA nirUpaNa adhika vyavasthita rUpa se huA hai| merA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki SaTkhaNDAgamakAra ne prajJApanA kI nakala kI hai para yaha satya hai ki prajJApanA kI racanA pUrva hone se usakA prabhAva SaTkhaNDAgama ke racanAkAra para avazya hI par3A hogaa| 1 samayaM bakkatANaM, samayaM tesi sarIra nivvttii| samayaM ANuggahaNaM, samayaM UsAsa-nIsAre // ekkassa ujaM gahaNaM, bahUNa sAhAraNANaM taM ceva / jaM bahuyANaM gahaNaM samAsao taM pi egasta / / sAhAraNamAhAro, sAhAraNamANupANagahaNaM c| sAhAraNajIvANaM sAhAraNalakSaNaM evaM / / -prazApanA, gA069-101 tulanA kareMsAhAraNamAhAro, sAhAraNamANapANagahaNaM ca / sAhAraNajIvANaM sAhAraNalakkhaNaM maNidaM / / eyassa aNuggahaNaM bahaNasAhAraNANameyassa / eyassa jaM bahUNaM samAsado taM pihodi eyassa / / Avazyaka niyukti-gA0 31 se aura vizeSAvazyakamANya gA0604 se tulanA kareMSaTkhaNDAgama-pustaka 13, gAthA sutra 4 se 6, 12, 13, 15, 16 /

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kaSAyapAhuDa (kaSAyaprAbhRta) prastuta grantha AcArya guNadhara ke dvArA racita hai / isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma 'pejjadosapAhuDa' bhI hai| "pejja' zabda kA artha hai 'rAga' aura 'dosa' kA artha hai dveSa / rAga aura dveSa ye donoM kaSAya svarUpa hI hai / ata: isakA dUsarA nAma 'pejjadosapAhuDa' rakhA gayA hai| kitane hI digambara vidvAn isakA racanA kAla vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke pUrva yA AsapAsa mAnate haiN| ___ yaha grantha sUtra rUpa gAthAoM meM nirmita hai| samasta gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 233 hai jisameM mUla gAthA 180 hai aura bhASya gAthA 53 hai / ye gAthA bahuta hI kliSTa va apane Apa meM arthagAMbhIrya ko liye hue haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama meM AThoM karmoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai to prastuta kaSAyapAhuDa meM kevala mohanIyakarma kA hI vistAra se cintana kiyA gayA hai| isameM pejjadosavibhakti, sthitivibhakti, anubhAgavibhakti, pradezavibhakti, jhINAjhINasthityantika, bandhaka-adhikAra, vedaka adhikAra, upayoga adhikAra, catu:sthAna adhikAra, vyaJjana adhikAra, darzanamohopazamanA adhikAra, darzanamohakSapaNa adhikAra, saMyamAsaMyama labdhi adhikAra, saMyama-labdhiadhikAra, cAritramohopazamanA, cAritramohakSapaNA Adi pandraha adhikAra haiN| inameM prArambha ke ATha adhikAroM meM saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta mohanIya karma kI aura antima sAta adhikAroM meM Atma-pariNAmoM ke vikAsa se zithila hote hue mohanIya karma kI vividha dazAoM kA varNana hai| isa grantha para vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hone vAle AcArya yatiRSabha ne 6000 zloka pramANa cUNisUtra aura AcArya vIrasena evaM unake ziSya AcArya jinasena ne sATha hajAra zloka pramANa jayadhavalA nAma kI TIkA rcii| prastuta TIkA ke 20,000 zloka racane ke pazcAt AcArya vIrasena

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576 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA svargastha ho gye| unakI isa apUrNa TIkA kI pUrti unake ziSya AcArya jinasena ne kii| jo zaka saM0 769 (vi0 saM0 894 ) meM pUrNa huI / ' prastuta grantha kaI anubhAgoM meM vibhakta hai kintu ina sabhI anubhAgoM meM karma kI vibhinna sthiti kA bahuta hI sundara vizleSaNa va nirdeza huA hai| karma kisa sthiti meM kisa kAraNa se AtmA ke sAtha sambandhita hote haiN| aura usa sambandha kA AtmA ke sAtha kisa prakAra sammizraNa hotA hai, kisa prakAra unameM phaladAnatva ghaTita hotA hai, aura kitane samaya taka karma AtmA ke sAtha lage rahate haiM isakA vistRta aura spaSTa vivecana isa grantha meM huA hai / tiloyapaNNI (triloka prajJapti) tiloyapaNNattI ke racayitA AcArya yativRSabha haiN| ye vikrama saM0 530 666 ke madhya meM hue hoMge aisA vijJoM kA mantavya hai / isameM sAmAnyaloka, nArakaloka, bhAvanaloka, naraloka, tiryagloka, vyantaraloka, jyotirloka, kalpavAsiloka aura siddhaloka, ye nau adhikAra haiN| jisameM tInoM loka sambandhI mahatvapUrNa vizeSa bAtoM kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| (1) sAmAnyaloka sarvaprathama maMgala svarUpa guruoM kI sthiti, zAstra sambandhI maMgala, kAraNa, hetu, pramANa, nAma aura kartA ina chahoM para vivecana kiyA hai| usake pazcAt loka para cintana karate hue palyopama, sAgaropama, sUci-aMgula, pratarAMgula, ghanAMgula, jagazreNi, jagapratara aura loka ina ATha pramANa bhedoM kA varNana hai / anta meM loka ke AdhArabhUta tIna vAtavalayoM ke AkAra va moTAI Adi kA varNana pramANa prastuta karate hue isa mahAdhikAra ko pUrNa kiyA gayA hai / (2) nArakaloka prastuta mahAdhikAra ke pandraha adhikAroM meM nArakiyoM ke nivAsa kSetra, unakI saMkhyA, Ayu kA pramANa, zarIra kI U~cAI, avadhijJAna kA pramANa, 1 (ka) prastuta grantha cUrNi aura jayadhavalA TIkA ke sAtha gyAraha bhAgoM meM digambara jaina saMgha, mathurA (prakAzana 1944 ) se prakAzita huA hai / (kha) cUrNi va sUtra sahita vIra zAsana saMgha kalakattA se prakAzita huA hai| ( prakAzana 1955)

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 577 unameM guNasthAna Adi, vahA~ para paidA hone vAle jIvoM kI sambhAvanA, janma aura maraNa kA antara, eka samaya meM utpanna hone vAle yA marane vAle nArakiyoM kI saMkhyA, narakoM se Agamana, nAraka Ayu ke bandhayogya pariNAma, janma-bhUmiyA~, narakoM meM prApta hone vAlA duHkha, aura samyakdarzana grahaNa karane ke kAraNa, ina sabhI para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| (3) bhAvanaloka isameM 24 adhikAroM ke mAdhyama se bhavanavAsI devoM ke nivAsa, unake bheda, cihna, bhavanoM kI saMkhyA, indroM kI saMkhyA va unake nAma, dakSiNa va uttara ke indra, pratyeka ke bhavanoM kA pramANa, alpa Rddhi vAle bhavanavAsiyoM ke bhavanoM kA vistAra, bhavana vedI, kUTa, jina bhavana, prAsAda, indravibhUti, bhavanavAsI devoM kI saMkhyA, Ayu pramANa, zarIra kI U~cAI, avadhijJAna kA pramANa, guNasthAna, eka samaya meM samutpanna hone vAle yA marane vAloM kI saMkhyA, Agati, bhavanavAsiyoM ke Ayu ke bandhayogya pariNAma, samyaktva grahaNa karane ke kAraNa --- ina sabakI carcA kI gaI hai| (4) naraloka prastuta mahAdhikAra meM manuSyaloka kA nirdeza jambUdvIpa, lavaNa samudra, ghAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa, kAloda samudra, puSkarArdha dvIpa ina aDhAI dvIpoM meM rahane vAle mAnavoM ke bheda, unakI saMkhyA, alpabahutva, aneka bhedayukta guNasthAna Adi kA saMkramaNa, mAnava Ayu ke bandhayogya bhAva, yoni, pramANa, sukha-duHkha, samyaktva grahaNa karane ke kAraNa, mukti prApta karane vAloM kA pramANa ina solaha adhikAroM kI carcA hai / isa mahAdhikAra kA yaha varNana bahuta hI vistRta hai| jambUdvIpa ke varNana meM bharatakSetra kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| usameM Arya khaNDa, avasarpiNI- utsarpiNI Adi kAla cakra kA varNana karate hue bhogabhUmiyoM kI vyavasthA, 24 tIrthaMkara 12 cakravartI, 6 baladeva, 6 nArAyaNa, 2 pratinArAyaNa ke nAma va 11 rudroM ke nAmoM kA bhI ullekha hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke varNana meM unakI janmasthalI Adi aneka jJAtavya viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / cakravartiyoM ke Ayu kA nirUpaNa karate hue nau nAradoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| tIrthaMkara Adi niyamataH mukti ko prApta karate haiM, yaha sUcanA bhI kI gaI hai| duSamA kAla ke varNana meM gautama Adi kevaliyoM ke dharma-pravartana

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576 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kAla, caturdaza pUrvadhara Adi kA astitva, zruta ke viccheda kI carcA kI gaI hai| usake bAda zaka, gupta, caturmukha, pAlaka, vijayavaMza, muruNDavaMza, puSyamitra, vasumitra, agnimitra, gaMdharva, naravAhana bhRtyAMdhra, punaHgupta, indrasuta, caturmukha, kalkI, unake rAjya kAla Adi kI carcA hai| tatpazcAt ati duSamA kAla meM hone vAle prAkRtika parivartana kA varNana hai| bharatakSetra ke varNana ke pazcAt himavAna parvata, haimavata kSetra, mahAhimavAna parvata, harIvarSa aura nizada parvata kA varNana karake mahAvideha kSetra aura usake madhya meM sthita meru parvata kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha jambUdvIpa ke dakSiNa dizAgata kSetra, parvata Adi kA kathana hai| isI taraha uttara dizA ke kSetra, parvata Adi kA nirUpaNa hai / lavaNa samudra aura dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa ke mAnavoM meM guNasthAna Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| (5) tiryakloka prastuta mahAdhikAra meM sthAvara kSetra, usake madhya meM tiryak kSetra, nAma nirdezapUrvaka dvIpa samudra, unakI saMkhyA evaM vinyAsa, kSetraphala, tiryaJcoM ke bheda, saMkhyA, Ayu, Ayu ke baMdhayogya pariNAma, yoni, sukha-duHkha, guNasthAna, samyaktva grahaNa karane ke kAraNa, gati, Agati, alpabahutva Adi 16 adhikAroM kA vivecana hai| (6) vyantaraloka bhAvanaloka meM bhavanavAsI devoM kA jisa prakAra vivecana kiyA gayA hai usI prakAra yahA~ vyantara devoM kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| (7) jyotirloka isa adhikAra meM jyotiSI devoM ke bheda, saMkhyA, vinyAsa, parimANa, cara jyotiSI devoM kA saMcAra, acara jyotiSiyoM kA svarUpa, Ayu, AhAra, ucchvAsa, avadhijJAna kI zakti, eka samaya meM janma-maraNa, Ayu ke bandhayogya pariNAma, samyaktva grahaNa ke kAraNa, guNasthAna Adi 17 adhikAroM se varNana hai| / (8) suraloka . . . : isameM vaimAnika devoM ke nivAsa kSetra, vinyAsa, bheda, nAma, sImA, saMkhyA, indravibhUti, Ayu, janma-maraNa kA antara, AhAra, ucchvAsa,

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 576 utsedha, vaimAnika ke Ayubandha ke yogya pariNAma, lokAntika devoM kA svarUpa, guNasthAna Adi kA svarUpa, samyaktva grahaNa ke kAraNa, Agati, avadhijJAna kA viSaya, devoM kI saMkhyA, zakti, yoni Adi 21 adhikAroM kA varNana hai / (e) siddhaloka isameM siddhoM ke nivAsa kSatra, saMkhyA, avagAhanA, sukha aura siddhatva ke yogya bhAvoM kA vivecana hai / prastuta grantha meM aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA suvyavasthita vivecana hai / grantha meM mulAcAra, loka vibhAga aura loka vinizcaya granthoM ke pAThAntaroM kA bhI ullekha hai / isa grantha kA varNya viSaya zvetAmbara Agama sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti aura jambUdvIpaprajJapti ke viSaya se milatA-julatA hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ne tiloyapaNNatti ke viSaya Adi kI zvetAmbarAcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ke bRhakSetrasamAsa, bRhadasaMgrahaNI tathA nemicandra ke pravacanasArodvAra Adi ke sAtha tulanA kI hai| lokavibhAga, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, paJcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, samayasAra Adi granthoM kI bahuta sI gAthAe~ tiloyapaNNatti meM milatI-julatI haiN| AcArya kundakunda aura unake grantha digambara jaina AcAryoM meM AcArya kundakunda kA nAma zIrSastha hai| unakI janmasthalI kuDakunDapura thI / zravaNabelagolA ke kitane hI zilAlekhoM meM unakA eka nAma konDakunda bhI prApta hotA hai| SaTaprAbhRta ke TIkAkAra zrutasAgara ne padmanandi, kundakundAcArya, vakragrIvAcArya, elAcArya aura gRpacchAtrAyeM ina pAMca nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| nandIsena kI paTTAvalI meM nandIsiMdha se sambandhita ye pA~ca nAma prApta hote haiN| paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRtti meM jayasenAcArya ne AcArya kundakunda ke guru kA nAma kumAra nandIsenadeva likhA hai aura nandIsena kI paTTAvalI meM unheM jinacandrasena kA ziSya batAyA hai| svayaM kundakunda AcArya ne bodhapAhuDa se anta meM 1 prastuta grantha tiloyapaNNatta bhAga 1-3 / prakAzaka - jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha 1. zolApura, mahArASTra - pahalA bhAga 1643 ; dvitIya bhAga 1651 prakAzana varSa ) /

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58. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA apane guru kA nAma bhadrabAhu likhA hai| vijJoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki ve bhadrabAha ke sAkSAt ziSya nahIM the kintu paramparAgata ziSya rahe hoNge| bodhapAhuDa ke saMskRta TIkAkAra zrI zrutasAgara sUri ne 'bhaddabAsIseNa' vizAkhAcArya kundakunda ko unakA paramparAgata ziSya svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM ekamata nahIM hai| DA0 e0ena0 upAdhye ne 'pravacanasAra' kI prastAvanA meM, zrI jUgalakizora mukhtyAra ne samantabhadra kI prastAvanA meM, DaoN. e. cakravartI ne paMcAstikAya kI prastAvanA meM, paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI ne kundakunda prAbhRta saMgraha meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| vizeSa jijJAsuoM ko una granthoM ko dekhanA caahie| sAmAnya mata yaha hai ki ve IsavI sana kI prathama yA dvitIya zatAbdI meM hue haiN| kundakunda kI sabhI racanAe~ zaurasenI prAkRta meM haiN| unakI kUla 23 racanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| unameM se pravacanasAra, samayasAra aura paMcAstikAya ye tIna graMtha vizAla haiM aura digambara paramparA meM adhyAtmatrayI ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| pravacanasAra prastuta graMtha meM tIna adhikAra haiM-jJAna, jJeya aura cAritra / jJAnAdhikAra meM AtmA aura jJAna kA ekatva aura anyatva, sarvajJa kI saMsiddhi, indriya aura atIndriya sukha, zubha, azubha, zuddhopayoga evaM moha kSaya Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| jJeyAdhikAra meM dravya, guNa, paryAya kA svarUpa, saptabhaMgI, jJAna, karma aura karmaphala cetanA kA svarUpa, mUrta evaM amUrta dravyoM ke guNa, kAla Adi ke 1 saddaviAro huo bhAsAsuttesu jaM jiNe kahiyaM / so taha kahiyaM NANaM sIseNa ya maddabAhussa // bArasa baMgaviyANaM caudasa puvvaMga vijala vittharaNaM / suyaNANi maddabAhU gamayaguru bhayavao jayao / / __-boSapAhura, gAthA 61-62 2 bhadrabAhuziSyeNa ahaMbaliguptigaptAparanAmadvayena vizAkhAcAryanAmnA dApUrva dhAriNAmekAdazAcAryANAM madhye prathamena jJAtam / -sasAgara sUri 3 pravacanasAra vRtti sahita: prakAzaka----paramazruta pramAvaka maMDala, bambaI (prakAzana varSa vi0 saM0 1966)

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 581 guNa aura paryAya, prANa, zubha va azubha upayoga, jIva kA lakSaNa, jIva aura pudgala kA sambandha, nizcaya aura vyavahAra kA avarodha tathA zuddhAtmA para cintana kiyA gayA hai| cAritra adhikAra meM zrAmaNya ke cinha, chedopasthApaka zramaNa, cheda kA svarUpa, yukta AhAra, utsarga evaM apavAda mArga, Agama jJAna kA lakSaNa, mokSa-tattva prabhRti kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya amRtacandra kI TIkA ke anusAra pravacanasAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 275 hai / jabaki jayasena kI TIkA ke anusAra 317 gAthAe~ haiM / adhika gAthAoM ko viSaya kI dRSTi se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiMnamaskArAtmaka, vivecana vistAra viSayaka, anya viSaya vijJApanAtmaka / ina tInoM vibhAgoM meM do vibhAgoM kI gAthAe~ taTastha haiN| kintu tRtIya vibhAga kI caudaha gAthAoM meM zramaNoM ke lie vastra, pAtra evaM striyoM ke lie mukti kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| ye gAthAe~ zvetAmbara sampradAya ke virodha meM likhI gaI haiN| AcArya amRtacandra ne ina gAthAoM kA prayoga apanI TIkA meM nahIM kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye kA abhimata hai ki amRta candra itane AdhyAtmika vyakti the ki ve sAmpradAyika vAda-vivAda meM par3anA nahIM cAhate the| ataH ve isa bAta kI icchA rakhate the ki unakI TIkA saMkSipta evaM tIkSNa sAmpradAyika AkramaNoM kA lopa karatI huI kundakunda ke prati udAtta udgAroM ke sAtha sabhI saMpradAyoM ko svIkRta ho| samayasAra yaha grantha AcArya kundakunda kA sarvotkRSTa AdhyAtmika grantha hai| 'samaya' zabda ke samasta padArtha aura AtmA ye do artha haiN| jisa graMtha meM samasta padArthoM kA yA AtmA kA sAra vaNita ho vaha 'samayasAra' hai| isameM bheda-vijJAna kA nirUpaNa huA hai| aneka padArthoM ko sva-sva lakSaNoM se alagaalaga bheda kara denA aura unameM se upAdeya padArtha ko lakSita kara usase anya padArthoM ko upekSita kara dene kA nAma bheda-vijJAna hai| prastuta graMtha dasa 1 (ka) samayasAra-mAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzana saMsthA samiti, kAzI (prakAzana varSa I0 san 1915) (kha) prastuta prantha ke aneka saMskaraNa prakAzita hue haiN| isakA aMgrejI TIkA sahita saMskaraNa bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI se prakAzita huA hai|

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582 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhikAra meM sva-samaya para samaya, zuddha naya, Atma-bhAvanA aura samyaktva kA nirUpaNa hai| jIva ko kAma bhoga sambandhI kathA atyanta sulabha hai para AtmA kA ekatva bahuta hI durlabha hai| ekatva - vibhakta AtmA ko nijAnubhUti se hI jAna sakate haiN| pramatta apramatta donoM dazAoM meM jIva pRthak jJAyakabhAva mAtra hai / vyavahAra kI dRSTi se jJAnI ke darzana, jJAna, cAritra kahe jA sakate haiM, kintu nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se jJAnI eka zuddha jJAyaka mAtra hI hai| yahA~ para vyavahAranaya ko abhUtArtha aura nizcayarya ko bhUtArthaM kahA hai| dvitIya adhikAra meM kartR karma kA varNana hai| isameM Asava, bandha, prabhRti kI paryAyoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| midhyAtva, ajJAna aura avi-rati ye tIna pariNAma AtmA ke anAdi haiN| jaba ina tIna prakAra ke pariNAmoM kA kartRtva hotA hai taba pudgala dravya svataH hI karma rUpa pariNamana karatA hai, para dravya ke bhAva kA jIva kabhI bhI kartA nahIM hai / tIsare puNya-pApa adhikAra meM zubha, azubha karmoM ke svabhAva kA varNana hai / ajJAnI ke dvArA kiye gaye vrata, niyama, zIla, tapa ye mokSa ke kAraNa nahIM haiN| mokSa kA kAraNa hai---jIva, ajIva Adi padArthoM kA sahI zraddhAna, unakA adhigama evaM rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoM kA parityAga / cauthe adhikAra meM Asrava kA nirUpaNa hai| mithyAtva avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye Asrava ke mukhya kAraNa haiN| satya tathya yaha hai ki rAgadveSa moha rUpa jo pariNAma haiM ve Asrava haiN| jJAnI meM Asrava kA abhAva hai| usameM rAga-dveSa, moha rUpa pariNAma utpanna nahIM hotA jisase Asrava pratyayoM kA abhAva hai / pA~caveM adhikAra meM saMvara kA vizleSaNa hai / saMvara kA mUla bhedavijJAna hai / prastuta adhikAra meM saMvara ke krama kA bhI varNana hai / chaThe adhikAra meM nirjarA para cintana kiyA gayA hai| dravya va bhAva rUpa nirjarA para vistAra se vizleSaNa hai| jJAnI karmoM ke madhya meM rahatA huA bhI karmoM se usI prakAra alipta rahatA hai jaise jala madhya kamala / kintu ajJAnI jIva karma raja se lipta rahatA hai / sAtaveM adhikAra meM baMdha para cintana kiyA gayA hai| baMdha kA mUla kAraNa rAga aura dveSa hai| AThaveM adhikAra meM mokSa kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 553 nauveM adhikAra meM sarvavizuddha AtmA kA jJAna kI dRSTi se akartRtva Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dasaveM adhikAra meM anekAnta dRSTi se Atma-svarUpa para vivecana kiyA gayA hai| zuddha AtmA kA itanA sundara aura vyavasthita vivecana kiyA gayA hai ki pAThaka par3hakara Atma-vibhora ho jAtA hai / prastuta grantha kI tulanA upaniSad sAhitya se bhI kI jA sakatI hai| paMcAstikAya prastuta graMtha meM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza ina pAMca astikAyoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM kAla dravya kA nirUpaNa nahIM hai / AcArya ne bahapradezI dravya ko astikAya kahA hai| isa grantha meM dravya lakSaNa, dravya ke bheda, saptabhaMgI, guNa, paryAya, kAla, dravya evaM sattA kA atyanta sundara pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha graMtha do adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai-pahale adhikAra meM dravya, guNa aura paryAyoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai; dvitIya adhikAra meM puNya, pApa, jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSa ina padArthoM para cintana kara mokSa-mArga para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dravya ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie yaha graMtha bahuta hI upayogI hai| AcArya amRtacandra kI TIkA ke abhimatAnusAra isameM 173 gAthAeM haiM to AcArya jayasena ne apanI TIkA meM 181 gAthAe~ mAnI haiN| niyamasAra ___ jo kArya niyamataH kiyA jAnA cAhie vaha niyama kahalAtA hai| vaha niyama jJAna, darzana aura cAritra svarUpa hai| isa niyama ke sAtha jo 'sAra' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai vaha viparItatA ke parihArArtha hai| prastuta jJAna, darzana, cAritra svarUpa niyama bheda aura abheda svarUpa niyama kI dRSTi se do prakAra kA hai| zuddha jJAna cetanA pariNAma viSayaka jJAna evaM 1 (ka) paMcAstikAya vRtti sahita-prakAzaka : paramazrata prabhAvaka maNDala bambaI: (pra. varSa vi. saM. 1972) (kha) isakA aMgrejI TIkA ke sAtha jaina pabliziMga hAusa, AgarA (pra. va. I0 san 1920) anuvAdaka : pro. cakravartI 2 (ka) niyamasAra-jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI . (pra. ka. I. san 1916) (kha) ugrasena kRta aMgrejI anuvAda ajitAzrama, lakhanaU (san 1931)

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584 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA zraddhA ke sAtha usI meM sthira rahanA ise abheda ratnatraya svarUpa niyama kahA gayA hai| Apta, Agama aura tattva ke zraddhAna se jo rAga, dveSa kI nivRtti hotI hai vaha vyavahAra ratnatraya svarUpa niyama hai jo bheda Azrita hai| yaha niyama hI mokSa kA sahI upAya hai jisakA pariNAma nirvANa hai| yahA~ para sarvaprathama samyakadarzana ke viSayabhUta Apta, Agama aura tatsva para cintana karate hue jIvAdi chaH dravyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| prasaMgAnusAra paMcamahAvrata, paMcasamiti, tIna gupti rUpa vyavahAra cAritra kA bhI nirUpaNa karate hue arihaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ke svarUpa para cintana kiyA gayA hai| Atma-zodhana kI dRSTi se pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, AlocanA, prAyazcitta, parama samAdhi, ratnatraya aura Avazyaka para vicAraNA karate hue zuddha AtmA ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| graMtha kI gAthA saMkhyA 186 hai| isa para vi0 saM0 13vIM zatAbdI meM padmaprabha maladhArI ne TIkA kI racanA kI thii| darzanaprAbhUta dharma kA mUla samyagdarzana hai| jo jIva samyagdarzana se bhraSTa hai use bhraSTa samajhanA cAhie kyoMki vaha kadApi mukti ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| kintu jo cAritra se bhraSTa hai vaha samaya para mukta ho sakatA hai| samyagdarzana rahita jIva ugra tapazcaraNa bhI kyoM na kare kintu samyagdarzana se bhraSTa hone ke kAraNa vaha jJAna aura cAritra se bhI bhraSTa hai| jo SaT dravya, nau padArtha, paMcAstikAya, saptatattva ina jinezvara devoM dvArA pratipAdita tattva kA zraddhAna karatA hai vaha vyavahAra dRSTi se samyakdRSTi hai| nizca yadRSTi se AtmA hI samyagdarzana hai| jo zakya anuSThAna ko svayaM karatA hai, dUsaroM se karavAtA hai evaM azakya anuSThAna para niSThA rakhatA hai vaha samyagdRSTi hai| isa graMtha kI mUla gAthAe~ 36 haiN| isa para bhaTTAraka zrutasAgara sUri ne TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA hai| cAritraprAbhUta prastuta grantha meM samyaktvacaraNa cAritra aura saMyamacaraNa cAritra-ye darzanaprAbhUtasAra--paprAmRtAdi saMgraha : bhAratIya digambara jaina granSamAlA, bambaI se prakAzita 2 pUrvokta granthamAlA se prakAzita

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 585 cAritra ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN| ni:zaMkita, nikAMkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUr3hadRSTi, upagRhana, sthitikaraNa, vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA ye samyaktva ke ATha guNa haiN| unase pUrNa vizuddha samyagdarzana kA jJAna ke sAtha AcaraNa karanA samyaktvacaraNa cAritra hai, samyagdarzana se jIva dravya paryAyoM ko dekhakara zraddhA karatA hai, jJAna se unheM jAnatA hai aura cAritra se apane doSoM kA parihAra karatA hai| saMyamacaraNa cAritra, sAgAra aura anagAra rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, proSadha, sacitta, rAtribhakta, brahma, Arambha, parigraha, anumatityAga aura uddiSTatyAga ina pratimAoM kA AcaraNa karane vAlA sAgArI cAritra hai| pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavata, cAra zikSAvrata zrAvaka ke ina bAraha vratoM para vivecana kara sAgAra saMyamacaraNa ko pUrNa kiyA gayA hai| anagAra saMyamacaraNa para cintana karate hae manojJa, amanojJa, sacitta aura acitta, rAga-dveSa ke parihAra kI dRSTi se indriyoM kA saMvaraNa, mahAvrata, samiti, gupti inako anagAra saMyamacaraNa kahA hai| paMca vratoM kI pRthakapRthaka bhAvanAoM kA bhI nirdeza hai| isa grantha meM mUla 44 gAthAe~ haiM aura isa para zrutasAgara ne TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA hai| bodhaprAbhRta prastuta grantha meM vizva ke samasta jIvoM ke prabodhanArtha SaTakAya ke jIvoM ke hitArtha isameM gyAraha bAtoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bhAvaprAbhRta prastuta graMtha meM zramaNa kI pahacAna bhAva se batAI gaI hai, dravyaliGga se nhiiN| guNa aura doSa donoM kA mUla srota bhAva hai| jo bAhya parigraha kA parityAga kiyA jAtA hai usakA saMlakSya bhAvazuddhi hai| abhyantara parigraha mithyAtva Adi haiM jinake binA tyAga kiye, bAhya parigraha kA tyAga phalaprada nahIM hotaa| AcArya ne isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki nagnatva Adi mukti kA mUla kAraNa nahIM hai kyoMki nArakI va tiryaJca ke jIva to nagna hI rahate haiN| mithyAtva Adi doSoM se rahita honA hI 1 pUrvokta saMsthA se prakAzita 2 bhAvaprAbhUta-SaTprAbhUtAdi saMgraha meM zrutasAgara racita TIkA ke sAtha; bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI se prakAzita /

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586 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA saccA zramaNatva hai / yahA~ para AcArya ne aneka dRSTAnta dekara viSaya ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isameM bhAva kI pradhAnatA para hI 'atyadhika bala diyA gayA hai / mokSaprAbhRta prastuta graMtha meM nirvANa ke svarUpa para cintana karate hue kahA hai ki jisa paramAtmA ko jAnakara nirantara anveSaNA karate hue yogIjana 'avyAbAdha, ananta, anupama sukha ko prApta karate haiM vahI mokSa hai| jIva ke bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ye tIna prakAra batAe haiN| jo bAhya indriyoM ke viSaya meM Asakta rahatA hai vaha bahirAtmA hai, AtmA ko zarIra se pRthak samajhanA antarAtmA haiM, aura jo karma mala se rahita ho cukA hai| 'vaha paramAtmA hai| isameM 106 gAthAeM haiM aura inhIM viSayoM para nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se vistArapUrvaka cintana kiyA hai| isakI aneka gAthAe~ chAyAnuvAda ke rUpa meM AcAryaM pUjyapAda ne samAdhitantra meM prayoga kI haiN| dvAdazAnuprekSA isameM anitya, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, azucitva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, dharma aura bodhi ina bAraha bhAvanAoM para vivecana hai / antima cAra gAthAoM meM kahA hai ki pratyAkhyAna, pratikramaNa, AlocanA aura samAdhi ye sabhI anuprekSA se hI saMbhava hai / anuprekSAoM ke cintana se hI parama nirvANa prApta hotA hai| isameM 61 gAthAe~ haiM / sutapAhuDa Adi suttapAhuDa meM 27 gAthAoM ke dvArA Agama kA mahattva batAkara usa para cintana kiyA gayA hai / liGgapAhuDa meM zramaNadharma kA nirUpaNa hai, isameM 22 gAthAe~ haiN| zIlapAhuDa meM batAyA hai ki zIla hI viSaya Asakti ko dUra kara mokSa prApti meM sahAyaka hai| jIva dayA, indriya-damana, satya, acaurya brahmacarya, santoSa, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura tapa ko zIla ke antargata parigaNita kara varNana kiyA hai / rayaNasAra grantha meM ratnatraya para vivecana hai / kisI prati meM 167 gAthAeM prApta hotI haiM aura kisI prati meM 155 gAthAe~ prApta hotI haiN| DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI Adi ise kundakunda kI racanA nahIM maante| siddha bhakti meM 12 gAthAoM ke dvArA siddhoM ke guNa, bheda, sukha, sthAna 1 pUrvokta saMsthA se prakAzita

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 587 Adi viSayoM kA vizleSaNa hai| zrutabhakti meM 11 gAthAoM ke dvArA zrutajJAna kA svarUpa batAkara usakI stuti kI gaI hai| cAritrabhakti meM dasa anuSTupa chandoM dvArA pA~ca cAritroM kA varNana hai| yogIbhakti meM 23 gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se yogiyoM kI aneka avasthAoM kA citraNa hai| AcAryabhakti meM dasa gAthAoM ke dvArA AcArya kA vizleSaNa hai| nirvANabhakti meM 27 gAthAoM ke dvArA nirvANa kA svarUpa aura nirvANa ko prApta hone vAle tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kI stuti kI gaI hai| paMcagurubhakti meM sAta padyoM meM paMcaparameSThI kI stuti kI gaI hai aura kossAmIthudi meM ATha gAthAoM se tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI gaI hai| kitane hI vidvAna kundakundAcArya ke 84 pAhuDa mAnate haiM para ve sabhI vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| kundakunda digambara paramparA ke mahAna prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiM / kundakunda kI jaina darzana ko dena upalabdha sAhitya ke AdhAra se kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya kundakunda ne Agamika padArthoM kI dArzanika dRSTi se sarvaprathama prAkRta bhASA meM tArkika carcA kii| tAtkAlika dArzanika vicAradhArAoM ke Aloka meM Agama tattvoM ko spaSTa kiyA aura anya darzanoM ke mantavyoM kA nirasana karake jaina mantavyoM kI nirdoSatA aura upAdeyatA kA pratipAdana kiyA / zvetAmbara AgamoM meM vastra dhAraNa, kevalI kavala AhAra, strI-mukti, Adi aneka aise ullekha the jo digambara paramparA ke anukUla na the / ataH AcArya kundakunda ne digambara paramparA kI AdhyAtmika bhUkha ko zAnta karane hetu aneka granthoM kA prAkRta bhASA meM praNayana kiyaa| unake granthoM meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA nirUpaNa prAcIna Agamika zailI meM aura Agamika bhASA meM vividha prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| unheM eka-eka viSaya para vizleSaNa karane vAle svatantra graMtha banAnA abhipreta thA aura sAtha hI sampUrNa viSayoM kI saMkSipta jAnakArI denA bhI abhISTa thA, aura unheM yaha bhI abhipreta thA ki Agama ke mukhya viSayoM kA yathAzakya tatkAlIna dArzanika prakAza meM nirUpaNa kiyA jAya jisase jijJAsuoM ko zraddhA evaM buddhi kI paryApta mAtrA upalabdha ho sake / AcArya kundakunda ke samaya advaitavAdoM kA pravAha tIvra gati se bar3ha rahA

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588 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA thA / aupaniSad brahmAdvaita ke atirikta zUnyAdvaita aura vijJAnAdvaita jaise bAda bhI cintakoM meM pratiSThita ho cuke the| jo tArkika aura zraddhAlu the una para advaitavAdoM kA sahaja hI prabhAva chA rahA thaa| aisI paristhiti meM virodhI vAdoM ke madhya meM jainoM ke dvaitavAda kI rakSA karanA eka gambhIra prazna thaa| usI prazna ke samAdhAna hetu AcArya kundakunda ke nizcayapradhAna advaitavAda ne janma grahaNa kiyaa| jaina Agama sAhitya meM nizcayanaya kA varNana thA aura nikSepoM meM bhAvanikSepa bhI thaa| bhAvanikSepa kI pradhAnatA ko svIkAra kara nizcaya naya ke prakAza meM jaina tattvoM ke vizleSaNa dvArA AcArya kundakunda ne jainadarzana ko dArzanikoM ke samakSa eka abhinava rUpa meM upasthita kiyaa| jisake phalasvarUpa jo vedAnta ke advaitavAda meM Ananda kI anubhUti ho rahI thI, vaha sAdhakoM ko evaM jijJAsuoM ko jainadarzana meM prApta ho gayI, nizcayanaya aura bhAvanikSepa kA Azraya grahaNa karane para dravya aura paryAya, dravya aura guNa, dharma aura dharmI, avayava aura avayavI prabhRti kA bheda samApta hokara svataH hI abheda ho gayA jisakA nirUpaNa paristhitivaza AcArya kundakunda ko karanA thaa| unake graMthoM meM nizcayapradhAna varNana hai aura naitika AtmA ke varNana meM brahmavAda ke sannikaTa jaina AtmavAda pahu~ca gayA hai| nizcaya aura bhAvanikSepa pradhAna dRSTi ko saMlakSya meM rakha kara unake granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to aneka gutthiyA~ sahaja hI sulajha sakatI haiN|| pUrva paMktiyoM meM hamane batAyA hai ki kundakunda ne apane samaya meM prasiddha sabhI vibhAjanoM ko eka sAtha samyakadarzana ke viSaya rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| darzanaprAbhUta (pAhuDa) meM unhoMne likhA hai ki SaTa-dravya, nava-padArtha, paMca astikAya aura sapta tattva kI zraddhA karane se jIva samyagdRSTi hotA hai|' vizva ke jitane bhI padArtha haiM una sabhI padArthoM kA samAveza AcArya kundakunda kI dRSTi se dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM ho jAtA hai| tInoM ke paraspara sambandha kI carcA karate hue prathama pRthaktva aura anyatva kI vyAkhyA kii| jina do vastuoM ke pradeza alaga-alaga hote haiM ve pRthaka hI kahe jAte haiM kintu jinameM atadbhAva hotA hai yaha vaha nahIM hai isa prakAra kA pratyaya 1 chaddavva Nava payatyA paMcatthI, satta tacca NiddiTThA / sadahai tANa evaM so saddiTThI muNeyavyo / 2 pravacanasAra, 1,87 -darzana prA016

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 586 anya kahA jAtA hai / dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM pradeza-bheda na hone se ve pRthak nahIM kahe jA sakate kintu anya kahe jA sakate hai| kyoMki jo dravya hai vaha guNa nahIM hai aura jo guNa hai vaha dravya nahIM hai-isa prakAra kA pratyaya hotA hai| dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM bheda hone ke bAvajUda bhI vastuta: bheda nahIM hai kyoMki jJAnI se jJAna guNa ko, dhanika se dhana ke samAna bilkula alaga nahIM mAna skte| isI taraha dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA bhedAbheda hai| nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se paramANu hI pudgala dravya hai aura vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se skandha ko pudgala kahanA caahie| paramANu ke guNa svAbhAvika haiM aura skandha ke guNa vaibhAvika haiN| isI taraha paramANu kA anyanirapekSa pariNamana svabhAva-paryAya hai aura paramANu kA skandha rUpa pariNamana anya-sApekSa hone se vibhAva paryAya hai| yahA~ para anya-nirapekSa pariNamana ko jo svabhAva paryAya kahA hai usakA sAra yaha hai ki vaha pariNamana kAla bhinna nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| kyoMki sabhI prakAra ke pariNamanoM meM kAla kAraNa hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna aura abhinna donoM mAnA hai| jIva ko varNayukta bhI kahA hai aura avarNa bhI kahA hai, nitya bhI kahA hai aura anitya bhI, mUrta bhI kahA hai aura amUrta bhI kahA hai, zuddha aura azuddha jIva ke donoM rUpoM kI carcA hai| Agamokta varNana ko kisa dRSTi se samajhanA cAhie AcArya kundakunda ne isakA spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA hai| Agama sAhitya meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI carcA bIja rUpa meM hai| usa varNana ko vistAra se samajhAne kA prayAsa kundakunda ne kiyA hai| vastu ke pAramArthika evaM tAttvika zuddha svarUpa kA grahaNa nizcaya se hotA hai aura apAramArthika evaM atAttvika azuddha svarUpa kA grahaNa vyavahAra se hotA hai| vastutaH SaT dravyoM meM jIva aura pudgala ina dravyoM ke sambandha meM sAMsArika jIvoM ko bhrama ho jAtA hai| isa viparyAsa kI dRSTi se kundakunda ne vyavahAra 1 pravacanasAra 2,14 2 vahI 2,16 3 niyamasAra, 26 4 niyamasAra, 27, 28

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560 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ko abhUtArthagrAhI aura nizcaya ko,bhUtArthagrAhI kahA hai| jaba taka vyavahAranaya nahIM hai to nizcayanaya bhI nahIM ho sktaa| jaise saMsAra nahIM hai, vaise mokSa bhI nahIM ho sktaa| jaise saMsAra aura mokSa sApekSa haiM vaise hI nizcaya aura vyavahAra paraspara sApekSa haiN| paramatattva kA varNana donoM nayoM ke dvArA hI paripUrNa ho sakatA hai| mUlAcAra prastuta grantha ke racayitA vaTTakerAcArya mAne jAte haiN| unake gaNa aura gaccha ke sambandha meM nizcita jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / paM0 jugalakizora mukhtyAra ne vaTTakera kA artha pravartaka, pradhAna, pada pratiSThita, yA zreSTha AcAraniSTha kiyA hai| unake abhimatAnusAra 'vaTTakera' yaha kundakundAcArya kA vizeSaNa hai| paM0 nAthUrAma premI kA bhI yaha abhimata hai| kitane hI vidvAn vaTTakera ko kundakundAcArya se pRthak AcArya mAnate haiN| kyoMki kundakunda kI bhASA se mUlAcAra kI bhASA bhinna hai / mUlAcAra meM Avazyaka niyukti, piNDaniyukti, bhaktapaiNNA, maraNa-samAdhi Adi zvetAmbara granthoM kI gAthAe~ uddhata kI gaI haiN| prastuta grantha meM 12 adhikAra aura 1252 gAthAe~ haiN| prathama mUlaguNAdhikAra meM mahAvrata, samiti, indriya-niroSa, SaDAvazyaka, kezaluJcana, acelakatva, asnAna, bhUmizayana, adanta-dhAvana, sthitibhojana tathA eka bAra bhojana kA nirUpaNa hai| bRhadpratyAkhyAnasaMstava adhikAra meM zramaNa kA pApoM se mukta hokara jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa ina ArAdhanAoM meM sthita rahakara kSudhAdi parISahoM para vijaya prApta kara niSkaSAya rahane kA Adeza kiyA hai / pratyAkhyAna adhikAra meM hiMsaka pazu Adi ke dvArA Akasmika mRtyu upasthita ho jAya to zramaNa ko kaSAya, AhAra kA tyAga kara samabhAva se vicaraNa kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| samyaktva AcAra Adi meM dasa prakAra ke AcAroM kA varNana hai| paMcAcAra adhikAra meM darzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra Adi AcAra ke pAMca bhedoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| svAdhyAya para cintana karate hue Agama aura sUtra granthoM kA svarUpa spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| piNDavizuddhi adhikAra meM zramaNoM ke AhAra sambandhI niyamopaniyamoM para cintana hai| 1 samayasAra, gAthA 13 2 samayasAra, tAtyaryavRtti, pR067

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 591 Estates adhikAra meM SaDAvazyaka para nikSepoM kI dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kRti, karma aura kAyotsarga meM lagane vAle doSoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| anagAra bhAvanA adhikAra meM batAyA hai ki liGga, vrata, vasati, vihAra, bhikSA, jJAna, zarIra-saMskAra tyAga, vAkya, tapa aura dhyAna sambandhI jo nirdoSa AcaraNa karate haiM ve hI mokSa prApta kara sakate haiN| samayasAra adhikAra meM cAritra ko zAstra kA sAra kahA hai| anuprekSA adhikAra meM bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai| paryApti adhikAra meM paryAptiyoM para cintana hai| paryApti ke saMjJA, lakSaNa, svAmitva, saMkhyA parimANa, nivRtti aura sthitikAla ye chaha bheda haiM / zIlaguNa adhikAra meM zIla ke aThAraha hajAra bhedoM kA varNana hai / yaha grantha zramaNAcAra ko samajhane ke lie bahuta hI upayogI hai| DaoN0 e. ema. ghATage ne inDiyana hisTorikala kvArTarlI 1935 meM apane dazavekAlika niyukti nAmaka lekha meM mUlAcAra aura dazavaikAlika niti kI gAthAoM kA milAna kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dekhie kahaM care kahaM ciTTe, kahamAse kahUM saye / kahaM bhuMjato bhAsato, pAvaM kammaM na baMdhai // kathaM care, kathaM ciTThe, kadhamAse, kathaM saye / kathaM bhuMjejja bhAsejja kadhaM pAvaM Na bajjhAdi / bhagavatI ArAdhanA dazavekAlikasUtra (4.6) isa grantha ke racayitA AcArya zivArya haiM / graMtha ke anta meM jo prazasti hai usase yaha avagata hotA hai ki Arya jinanaMdigaNi, Arya sarvagupta aura Arya zivanandigaNi ke caraNAravindoM meM samyak prakAra se sUtra aura usakA artha samajhakara tathA pUrvAcAryoM kI racanA ko upajIvya banAkara 'pANItala bhojI' zivArya ne prastuta grantha kI racanA kii| AcArya jinasena ne AdipurANa meM zivakoTi kA ullekha kiyA hai| rAjA bali 1 ajjajiNaNaMdigaNi ajjamittaNaMdaNaM / avagamiyapAyamUle sammaM sutaM ca atyaM ca // 2161 // vAyariyaNibaddhA upajIvitA imA sasattIe / vArAhaNA sivajjeNa pANidalamoiNA raidA // 2162 //

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562 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kathA evaM ArAdhanA kathAkoza meM samantabhadra ke ziSya zivakoTi kA nirdeza hai kintu AdipurANa ke AdhAra se unheM samantabhadra kA ziSya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / kavi hastImala ne vikrAnta kaurava grantha meM samantabhadra ke zivakoTi aura zivAyana ye do ziSya likhe haiM aura unhIM ke anvaya meM jinasena ko likhA hai / zivArya kA samaya vikrama kI tRtIya zatI hai / vijJa loga aisA bhI anumAna karate haiM ki AcArya kundakunda ke kucha samaya ke pazcAt unakA janma huA ho| ve yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya the| prastuta grantha meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyaktapa ina cAra ArAdhanAoM kA nirUpaNa hai / prastuta graMtha meM 2166 gAthAe~ haiM aura 40 adhikAra haiN| isameM munidharma yA zramaNadharma kA vizleSaNa mukhya rUpa se kiyA gayA hai para prastuta graMtha kI aneka mAnyatAeM digambara zramaNAcAra se mela nahIM khaatii| jaise, rugNa zramaNoM ke lie anya zramaNoM ke dvArA bhojana-pAna lAne kA nirdesh| isI prakAra zramaNa ke mRta zarIra ko araNya meM parityAga kara Ane kI vidhi / isameM zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya kalpavyavahAra, AcArAMga aura jItakalpa kA bhI ullekha huA hai / Avazyakaniyukti, bRhadakalpabhASya, prabhRti zvetAmbara granthoM kI aneka gAthAeM isameM uddhRta kI gaI haiN| bRhadakathAkoza kI bhUmikA meM va pravacanasAra kI bhUmikA meM DaoN0 e. ena. upAdhye ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI gAthA saMstAraka, bhaktaparijJA, maraNasamAdhi prakIrNaka aura mUlAcAra kI gAthAoM se tulanA kI hai| graMtha ke prArambha meM 17 prakAra ke maraNa pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM / usameM paNDita paNDitamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa aura bAlapaNDitamaraNa ko zreSTha kahA hai| paNDitamaraNa meM bhaktaparijJAmaraNa ko prazasta batAyA gayA hai / liGgAdhikAra meM Acelakya, loca, deha se mamatva-tyAga aura pratilekhana ye cAra zramaNoM ke cihna batAye gaye haiN| aniyatavihAra adhikAra meM vividha dezoM meM vicaraNa karane ke guNoM ke sAtha aneka prakAra ke rItirivAja, bhASA aura zAstra Adi meM nipuNatA prApta karane kA vidhAna hai / bhAvanA adhikAra meM tapobhAvanA, zrutabhAvanA, satya-bhAvanA, ekatvabhAvanA aura dhRtibala bhAvanA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| saMlekhanA adhikAra meM saMlekhanA ke sAtha bAhya evaM Abhyantara tapoM kA nirUpaNa hai / AyikAoM ko kisa prakAra saMgha meM rahanA cAhie unake niyamopaniyamoM

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 563 kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| mArgaNA adhikAra meM AcAra aura jItakalpa kA varNana hai| graMtha meM sukozala, gajasukamAla, agnikAputra, bhadrabAhu, dharmaghoSa, abhayaghoSa, vidyuccara, cilAtaputra Adi aneka muniyoM kI kathAe~ bhI viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie prayukta huI haiN| prastuta grantha para samaya-samaya para prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA meM aneka TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiN| aparAjita sUri jinakA dUsarA nAma zrI vijayAcArya sUri thA unhoMne vijayodayA athavA ArAdhanA nAmaka TIkA likhI thii| paM0 AzAdharajI ne mUlAArAdhanAdarpaNa nAmaka TIkA kA nirmANa kiyaa| tIsarI TIkA jo aprakAzita hai jisakI hastalikhita prati bhANDArakara insTITyUTa pUnA meM hai usa TIkA kA nAma ArAdhanApaJjikA hai| kintu lekhaka kA nAma abhI taka jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| cauthI TIkA bhAvArthadIpikA hai / vaha bhI aprakAzita hai| usake lekhaka zivajika aruNa mAne jAte haiM / isase grantha kI lokapriyatA siddha hotI hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA (katigeyANuvekkhA) isake racayitA svAmI kArtikeya mAne jAte haiM / isa grantha-racanA ke kAla ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM ekamata nahIM hai| isa grantha meM 476 gAthAe~ haiN| adhruva, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azucitva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabha aura dharma-ina bAraha anuprekSAoM para vistAra se varNana hai| prasaMgAnusAra sapta tattva, jIvasamAsa, mArgaNA, dvAdazavrata, pAtroM ke bheda, dAtA ke sapta guNa, dAna kI zreSThatA, mahAtmya, saMlekhanA, daza dharma, samyaktva ke ATha aMga, bAraha prakAra ke tapa evaM dhyAna ke prabhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai| AcAra ke svarUpa aura Atma-zuddhi kI prakriyA para vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne isa para saMskRta bhASA meM TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA hai| AcArya nemicaMdra aura unakA sAhitya AcArya nemicandra dezIya gaNa ke the| ye gaGgavaMzIya rAjA rAjamalla ke pradhAna maMtrI aura senApati cAmuNDarAya ke samakAlIna the| unhoMne AcArya abhayanandI, vIranandI aura kanakanandI ko apanA guru mAnA hai| ye siddhAnta zAstra ke marmajJa vidvAna the| ataH inheM siddhAnta cakravartI bhI kahate haiN| inakA samaya kI I0 san 11vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai| gommaTasAra, trilokasAra, labdhisAra, kSapaNAsAra, dravyasaMgraha inakI prasiddha racanAe~ haiN|

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594 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA gommaTasAra yaha graMtha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-jIvakANDa aura karmakANDa / jIvakANDa meM 733 gAthAe~ haiM aura karmakANDa meM 612 gAthAe~ haiN| jIvakANDa meM mahAkarmaprAbhUta ke siddhAnta sambandhI jIvasthAna, kSudrakabandha, bandhasvAmI, vedanAkhaNDa aura vargaNAkhaNDa ina pA~ca viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hai| guNasthAna, jIva-samAsa, paryApti, prANa, saMjJA, caudaha mArgaNA aura upayoga ina bIsa adhikAroM meM jIva kI vividha avasthAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 'karmakANDa' prakaraNa meM prakRti-samUtkIrtana, baMdhodaya, satva, satvasthAna, bhaMga, tricUlikA, sthAna-samutkIrtana pratyaya, bhAva cUlikA aura karmasthiti racanA ina nau adhikAroM meM karma kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| prastuta graMtha para saMskRta bhASA meM do TIkAeM upalabdha haiM, nemicandra dvArA jIvapradIpikA aura abhayacandra siddhAnta cakravartI dvArA manda prbodhinii| kezakaNi dvArA kannaDa bhASA meM likhI huI vRtti milatI hai| paM0 ToDaramalajI ne samyagjJAnacandrikA nAmaka vacanikA bhI likhI hai| labdhisAra Atma-saMzuddhi ke lie pAMca prakAra kI labdhiyA~ Avazyaka mAnI hai| unameM karaNa-labdhi pradhAna hai / isa labdhi ke prApta hone para mithyAtva se mukta hokara samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai| prastuta graMtha meM darzanalabdhi, cAritralabdhi aura kSAyika cAritra ye tIna adhikAra haiN| samyagadarzanalabdhi adhikAra meM samyagdarzana kI prApti para cintana karate hue yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki anAdi mithyAvRSTi yA sAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva cAra gatiyoM meM se kisI bhI gati meM prathama-upazama samyaktva ko prApta karatA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki use saMjJI, paryAptaka, garbhaja, vizuddha anta:karaNa, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, pariNAmoM meM uttarottara vizuddhi honI cAhie aura vaha sAkAra upayoga vAlA honA caahie| samyaktva prApti ke pUrva usake unmukha hone para mithyAdRSTi jIva ke kSayopazama, vizuddhi, dezanA, prAyogya aura karaNa ye pAMca labdhiyAM hotI haiN| inameM se cAra labdhiyAM bhavya aura abhavya donoM ko ho sakatI haiM kintu karaNalabdhi abhavya ko nahIM hotii|

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 565 jaba jJAnAvaraNAdi aprazasta karmoM kI phaladAna zakti uttarottara anaMtaguNI hIna hokara udaya ko prApta hotI hai taba usa jIva ko prathama kSayopazama labdhi hotI hai| usa labdhi ke prabhAva se jIva kI prazasta karma prakRtiyoM ke bandhayogya, dharmAnurAga upayukta pariNati hotI hai, vaha vizuddha labdhi hai| Sadravya, nau padArtha ke upadeSTA AcArya Adi ke prati yA upadiSTa artha ko dhAraNa karane kI icchA dezanA labdhi hai| ina tInoM labdhiyoM se sampanna jIva Ayukarma ke atirikta zeSa sapta karmasthiti ko anta:koTAkoTidezanyUna kara detA hai evaM aprazasta ghAtika karma ke anubhAva ko khaNDita karane ke lie latA evaM dAru ke sadRza do sthAnoM meM sthApita karatA hai| sAtha hI aghAtIya karmoM ke anubhAva ko nIma aura kAMjIra ke samAna vibhakta kara detA hai, taba prAyogyalabdhi hotI hai| ina cAroM labdhiyoM ke pazcAt bhavya jIva ke adha:karaNa, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa rUpa uttarottara vizuddhi ko prApta hone vAle pariNAma karaNa kahalAte haiM, jo abhavya jIva ko nahIM hote| isa 'karaNalabdhi' ke antima samaya meM jIva prathama upazama samyaktva ko prApta karatA hai| prasaMgAnusAra guNasthAna kI dRSTi se vibhinna prakRtiyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karake bandha Adi kI hInatA ke krama ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| cAritralabdhi jaba mithyAdRSTi jIva upazama samyaktva ke sAtha dezacAritra ke grahaNa ko tatpara hotA hai taba jaise samyaktva kI prApti ke hetu adhaHpravRtta Adi tIna karaNoM ko karatA hai vaise hI dezacAritra ko prApta karane ke hetu tIna karaNoM ko karatA hai aura tIna karaNoM ke antima samaya meM vaha dezacAritra ko prApta kara letA hai, kintu ukta mithyAdRSTi vedaka (kSAyopazamika samyaktva) ke sAtha ukta dezacAritra ke grahaNa ko tatpara hotA hai to aMta:pravRttikaraNa aura apUrvakaraNa ina do pariNAmoM ke antima samaya meM vaha dezacAritra ko prApta hotA hai| sakalacAritra kSAyopazamika, aupazamika aura kSAyika ke rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA hai| jo jIva upazama samyaktva ke sAtha kSAyopazamika cAritra ko grahaNa karane meM tatpara hotA hai usakI vidhi upazama samyaktva ke sadRza hai| jo vedaka samyakdRSTi aupazamika cAritra ko grahaNa karane meM tatpara hotA hai usakI vidhi usase bhinna hai| yahAM para usa sambandha meM vizeSa

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566 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| usake pazcAta kSAyika cAritra meM kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM kA varNana vistAra se kiyA hai aura ise kSapaNAsAra kahA hai| prastuta graMtha para nemicandrAcArya kI saMskRta TIkA aura paNDita pravara ToDaramalajI kI hindI TIkA hai| paM0 ToDaramalajI ne kSapaNAsAra ke sambandha meM kahA ki prastuta graMtha AcArya mAdhavacandra dvArA bhoja nAmaka rAjA ke mantrI bAhubali ke parijJAnArtha racA hai| trilokasAra / isa graMtha meM karaNAnuyoga kA varNana hai| isakA mUlAdhAra trilokaprajJapti hai| isameM sAmAnya loka, bhavana, vyantara, jyotiSa, vaimAnika aura nara tiryaka loka ye adhikAra haiN| jambUdvIpa, lavaNa samudra, mAnuSa kSetra, bhavana vAsiyoM ke rahane yogya sthAna, AvAsa bhavana, Ayu, parivAra kA vistAra se varNana hai| graha, nakSatra, prakIrNaka, tArA evaM sUrya-candra kI AyU, vimAna, gati, parivAra Adi kA sAMgopAMga vizleSaNa hai| triloka kI racanA ke sambandha meM pUrNa jAnakArI prastuta graMtha meM milatI hai| isameM 1018 gAthAe~ haiN| dravyasaMgraha . prastuta graMtha meM jIva-ajIva, dharma-adharma, AkAza, kAla, karma, tattva, dhyAna Adi ke sambandha meM saMkSepa meM kintu vyavasthita DhaMga se carcA kI gaI hai| samasta viSaya ko jIvAdhikAra, sapta padArtha nirUpaNa adhikAra, mokSamArga adhikAra ina tIna adhikAroM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiN| prathama 27 gAthAoM meM Sadravya aura paMcAstikAya kA varNana hai| dvitIya adhikAra meM 11 gAthAoM ke dvArA sapta tattva, nau padArtha kA vizleSaNa hai, tRtIya adhikAra meM 20 gAthAoM ke dvArA nizcaya aura vyavahAra mArga kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dravya, astikAya aura tattvoM ko saMkSepa meM samajhane ke lie yaha graMtha atyanta upayogI hai| prastuta graMtha para brahmadeva kI saMskRta TIkA bhI hai jo sekreDa buksa Apha da jainsa sIrija se prakAzita huI hai jisameM bhUla graMtha kA zaradacandra bhozAla ne aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyaa| paM0 dyAnatarAya ne prastuta graMtha kA chandAnubaddha hindI meM anuvAda bhI kiyA hai| isake racayitA siddhAnta cakravartI nemicandra haiN|

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 567 jaMbuddIvapaNati saMgaho prastuta graMtha karaNAnuyoga se sambandhita hai| isake racayitA padmanandI muni haiN| padmanandI ne apane Apako guNagaNakalita, tridaMDarahita, trizalyaparizuddha batAkara balanandI kA ziSya kahA hai| ve vIranandI ke ziSya the / vArAnagara meM prastuta graMtha kI racanA huI jisakI pahacAna koTA ke sannikaTa bArA kasbe se kI jAtI hai| siMhasUri ne loka vibhAga meM jambu pati kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki prastuta racanA kA graMthakAla 11vIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa honA caahie| jambudvIpapaNatti kA viSaya tiloyapaNNati se milatA hai| donoM kI aneka gAthAe~ samAna haiN| vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra aura nemicandra ke trilokasAra kI gAthAeM bhI isameM haiN| prastuta grantha meM upodghAta, bharata, airAvata, varSa, zailanadI, bhogabhUmi, sudarzana (meruparvata) mandara jinabhavana, devottarakuru kakSAvijaya, pUrvavideha, apara videha, lavaNa samudra, dvIpasAgara, adhaH UrdhvaM siddhaloka, jyotiloka aura pramANa pariccheda Adi 13 uddezaka haiM aura 2376 gAthAe~ haiM / dhammarasAyaNa isake racayitA padmanandI haiM / isameM 163 gAthAoM ke dvArA dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ArAdhanA-sAra samyaktva ho jAne ke pazcAt jIvAdi padArthoM ke zraddhAna ko ArAdhanA kahA gayA hai| zivabhUti, sukumAla, kozala, gurudatta, pAMDava, zrIdatta, suvarNabhadra ke dRSTAnta dekara viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| mana ko rAjA kI upamA dI gaI hai| jaise rAjA kI mRtyu hone para senA nisteja ho jAtI hai vaise hI mana rAjA ke zAnta hone para indriyoM kI senA bhI zAnta ho jAtI hai / mana eka U~Ta taraha hai| U~Ta ko jisa prakAra rassI se bAMdhakara rakhA jA sakatA hai vaise hI mana ko jJAna rUpI rassI se bAMdhakara rakhanA cAhie / mana vRkSa ke samAna hai rAga-dveSa rUpI zAkhAoM ko naSTa karane se aura moha rUpI jala kA siMcana na karane se mana rUpI vRkSa svataH kI hI naSTa ho jAyegA, isakA upadeza pradAna kiyA gayA hai| jaise namaka pAnI meM ekameka ho jAtA hai vaise hI citta ko dharmadhyAna meM lIna kara denA cAhie /

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568 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA tattvasAra dharmatattva kA sAra batAne ke lie prastuta graMtha kI racanA kI gaI hai| jaise binA pAMva kA mAnava meru ke ucca zikhara para nahIM car3ha sakatA, vaise hI dhyAna ke abhAva meM karma naSTa nahIM hote| jahA~ taka para-dravya meM citta saMlagna rahegA vahA~ taka bhavya jIva bhI mokSa prApta nahIM kara sktaa| isa grantha meM 74 gAthAe~ haiN| darzanasAra . prastuta grantha meM bauddha evaM zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti para cintana kiyA hai aura marIci ko samasta mithyA matoM kA pravartaka kahA hai| bhagavAna pAva ke tIrtha meM pihitAzrava ke ziSya baddhakIti ne bauddha dharma kA pravartana kiyaa| rAjA vikramAditya kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt saurASTra meM ballabhI nagara meM zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti huii| jisameM strI-mukti aura kevali-bhukti kA samarthana hai| isameM drAvir3a, yApanIya, kASThA, mAthura aura bhillaka sambandhI utpatti kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se aneka skhalanAe~ prastuta graMtha meM haiN| isIlie vijJa loga prastuta grantha ko pUrNa prAmANika nahIM mAnate haiN| prastuta graMtha meM 51 gAthAe~ hai| bhAvasaMgraha isameM darzanasAra kI aneka gAthAe~ uddhRta kI gaI haiN| isameM sarvaprathama jalasnAna se lagane vAle doSoM kA varNana kara tapa aura indriyanigraha se AtmA kI vizuddhi pratipAdita kI gaI hai aura caudaha guNasthAnoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| bRhanayacakka __ isakA vastutaH nAma dravyasvabhAvaprakAza hai| isameM dravya, guNa, paryAya, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra, Adi viSayoM para vizleSaNa hai| isameM 1 calaNarahio maNusso jaha baMdhaI merusiharamAruhiuM / / taha jhANeNa vihINo icchai kammakkhaya sAhU // 2 lahai Na bhavvo mokkhaM jAvai paradabvavAvaDo citto| ummatavaM pi kuNato suddhe mAve lahuM lahai / / 3 hindI jaina graMpa ratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaI dvArA vi0 saM0 1974 meM prakAzita 4 mANikacanda digambara jaina graMthamAlA dvArA vi0 saM0 1978 meM prakAzita

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 566 423 gAthAoM ke dvArA ina viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake lekhaka mAyala dhavala haiN| jJAnasAra isake kartA padmasiMha muni haiN| isameM yogI, guru, dhyAna Adi ke svarUpa para 63 gAthAoM meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vasunandIzrAvakAcAra prastuta grantha ke racayitA AcArya basUnandI haiM jinakA samaya vijJajana 12vIM zatAbdI pUrvArdha mAnate haiN| paM0 AzAdhara ne sAgAradharmAmRta kI TIkA meM vasunandI kA Adara ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai aura unakI gAthAoM ko uDita kiyA hai| isa grantha meM 546 gAthAe~ haiM aura zrAvakAcAra kA vizleSaNa hai| sarvaprathama samyagdarzana kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda kI carcA hai| ajIva ke varNana meM skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANuoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / dyUta, madya, mAMsa, vezyA, zikAra, corI aura paradAra-sevana ye sapta vyasana zrAvaka ke lie tyAjya haiN| bAraha vratoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue dAna ke phala kI vistAra sahita carcA hai / paMcamI, rohiNI, azvini, saukhya-sampatti, nandIzvara paMkti, vimAna paMkti Adi vratoM ke karane kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| zrutadevikA kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| zrutaskandha zrutaskandha ke racayitA brahmacArI hemacandra haiN| ve rAmAnaMdI saiddhAntika ke ziSya the| isa graMtha meM 64 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM dvAdazAMga zruta kA paricaya dete hue dvAdazAMga ke sakala zruta kI saMkhyA batAI hai| sAmAyika, stuti, vandana, pratikramaNa, kRti-karma, dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa, kalpAkalpa, mahAkalpa, puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka aura nizIthikA prabhRti kI gaNanA aMgabAhya zruta meM kI gaI hai / caturtha Are meM cAra varSoM meM sAr3he tIna mAsa avazeSa rahane para bhagavAna mahAvIra siddha hue| mahAvIra nirvANa ke 100 varSa ke bAda koI bhI zrutakevalI nahIM huaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu aSTAMganimitta ke jJAtA 1 vahI 1920 meM prakAzita 2 vahI 1973 meM prakAzita 3 paNDita hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI san 1952 4 mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI dvArA vi0 saM0 1977 meM prakAzita

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600 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA the| dharmasena muni 14 pUrvo ke antargata agrAyaNIya pUrva ke karmaprakRti nAmaka adhikAra ke jJAtA the| unhoMne hI bhUtabali aura puSpadaMta muniyoM ko AgamoM ke kucha aMza kI zikSA dI jisake phalasvarUpa unhoMne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kii| nijAtmASTaka isake racayitA yogIndra deva haiN| isameM kevala ATha gAthAe~ haiM / inakA samaya vi0 kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jAtA hai| chevapiMDa 'cheda' kA artha 'prAyazcitta' hai| malaharaNa, pApanAzana, zuddhi, puNya, pavitra aura pAvana ye cheda ke paryAyavAcI hai| pramAda yA abhimAna ke kAraNa vrata, samiti, mUlaguNa, uttaraguNa, tapa, gaNa Adi ke sambandha meM skhalanA hone para prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| isa graMtha ke kartA indranandIyogendra hai| isameM 362 gAthAe~ haiN| bhAvatribhaMgI isake racayitA zrutamuni haiN| unake dIkSA-pradAtA guru kA nAma bAlacandra thaa| isa grantha meM aupazamika, kSAyika, mizra, audayika aura pAriNAmika bhAvoM kA vivecana hai| isameM 116 gAthAeM haiN| yaha 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| AsravatribhaMgI' ... isa graMtha meM mithyAtva, aviramaNa, kaSAya aura yoga nAma ke Asrava ke bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA hai / isake racayitA zrutamuni mAne jAte haiN| siddhAntasAra prastuta graMtha ke racayitA AcArya jinacandra haiN| isa graMtha meM siddhAntoM ke sAra ko prastuta kiyA hai| isa para bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ne saMskRta bhASA meM bhASya likhA hai| aMgapaNNattI prastuta graMtha meM gyAraha aMga caudaha pUoM kI prajJapti kA nirUpaNa hai| 1 mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI vi0 saM0 1976 2 prakAzaka-vahI 1978 3 prakAzaka-vAhI 1978

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digambara jaina Agama sAhitya : eka paryavekSaNa 601 cUlikA prakIrNaka prakRti meM sAmAyika, stava, pratikramaNa, vinayakRtikarma, dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra, kalpAkalpika, mahAkalpika, mahApuNDarIka, nizIthikA aura caturdaza prakIrNaka kA ullekha hai| isake racayitA zubhacaMdra haiM jo jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya the| ve zabda, yukti aura paramAgama ke jJAtA the aura SaTbhASA kavi evaM cakravartI ke nAma se vizrata the| goMDa, kaliMga, karNATaka, gurjara, mAlava Adi dezoM meM unhoMne vAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara jainadharma kI prabhAvanA kI thii| kallANAloyaNA' isake racayitA ajita brahmacArI haiN| unhoMne apane guru devendra kIti, bhaTTAraka vidyAnandajI ke Adeza se hanumAnacaritra kI racanA kI thii| isa graMtha kI 54 gAthAe~ haiN| DhADhasaugAthA isake racayitA kA nAma jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| vijJoM kA mantavya hai ki ve kASThasaMgha ke koI AcArya rahe hoMge / isa graMtha meM 38 gathAe~ haiN| chedazAstra isakA apara nAma chedanavatI bhI hai| isameM 60 gAthAeM haiN| isa para eka laghuvRtti bhI hai| isameM vrata aura samiti sambandhI doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| isake racayitA kA nAma abhI taka jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| digambara paramparA ke jitane bhI graMtha haiM ve AcAryoM dvArA viracita haiN| kyoMki unhoMne mUla AgamoM kA viccheda mAna liyA hai| jo AcAryoM dvArA viracita haiM unheM AgamoM kI taraha prAmANika mAnate haiN| cAra anuyogoM kI dRSTi se unhoMne apane graMthoM kA vibhAjana isa prakAra bhI kiyA hai 1. prathamAnuyoga-padmapurANa (raviSeNa), harivaMzapurANa (jinasena) AdipurANa (jinasena), uttarapurANa (gunnbhdr)| 2.karaNAnuyoga-sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, jayadhavalA, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa aura karmakAMDa, labdhisAra, kSapaNAsAra, (nemicanda siddhAnta cakravartI dvArA racita), paMcasaMgraha, aadi| 1 mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA vi0 saM0 1977 meM tatvAnuzAsanAdi saMgraha meM prakAzita 2 vahI 1978 meM prakAzita

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602 jaina Amama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 3. dravyAnuyoga-pravacanasAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra, paJcAstikAya, (ye cAroM kundakunda kRta) tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti kRta) aura usakI samanta bhadra, pUjyapAda, akalaGka, vidyAnaM di Adi kRta TIkAe~, AptamImAMsA (samantabhadra) aura usakI akalaGka, vidyAnandi Adi kRta ttiikaaeN| 4. caraNAnuyoga-mUlAcAra (vaTakera), trivarNAcAra, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra (samaMtabhadra) Adi /

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SaSThama khaNDa tulanAtmaka adhyayana (jaina, bauddha aura vaidika sAhitya)

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya saMskRti vizva kI eka mahAna saMskRti hai / yaha saMskRti saritA kI sarasa dhArA kI taraha sadA jana-jIvana meM pravAhita hotI rahI hai / isa saMskRti kA cintana jaina, bauddha aura vaidika ina tIna dhArAoM se prabhAvita rahA hai| yahA~ kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA ramaNIya kalpavRkSa ina tInoM paramparAoM ke AdhAra para hI sadA phalatA-phUlatA rahA hai| ina tInoM hI paramparAoM meM atyadhika sannikaTatA na bhI rahI ho tathApi atyanta dUrI bhI nahIM thii| tInoM hI paramparAoM ke sAdhakoM ne sAdhanA kara jo gahana anubhUtiyA~ prApta kIM; unameM aneka anubhUtiyA~ samAna thIM aura aneka anubhUtiyA~ asamAna thiiN| kucha anubhUtiyoM kA paraspara vinimaya bhI huaa| eka-dUsare ke cintana para eka-dUsare kA prativimba giranA svAbhAvika thA kintu kaunakisakA kitanA RNI hai yaha kahanA bahuta hI kaThina hai / satya kI jo sahaja abhivyakti sabhI meM hai use hI hama yahA~ para tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI abhidhA pradAna kara rahe haiN| satya eka hai, ananta hai, usakI tulanA kisI ke sAtha nahIM ho sakatI tathApi anubhUti kI abhivyakti jina zabdoM ke mAdhyama se huI hai, una zabdoM aura artha meM jo sAmya hai usakI hama yahA~ para tulanA kara rahe hai; jisase yaha parijJAta ho sake ki loga sampradAyavAda, paMthavAda ke nAma para jo rAga-dveSa kI abhivRddhi kara bheda-bhAva kI dIvAra khar3I karanA cAhate haiM vaha kahA~ taka ucita hai| jo loga dharmoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM karate haiM unakA dRSTikoNa bahuta hI saMkIrNa aura durAgrahapUrNa bana jAtA hai / durAgraha aura saMkIrNa dRSTi kI parisamApti hetu dhArmika sAhitya kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta hI Avazyaka hai / gaMbhIra adhyayana va cintana ke abhAva meM kucha vijJoM ne jainadharma ko vaidikadharma kI zAkhA mAnA kintu pAzcAtya vidvAna DaoN0 harmana jekobI prabhRti aneka mUrdhanya manISI usa abhimata kA nirasana kara cuke haiN| prApta sAmagrI ke AdhAra se hama bhI isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki zramaNa saMskRti

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606 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vaidika saMskRti se udbhUta nahIM hai| yaha prArambha se hI eka svatantra dhArA rahI hai| hamArI dRSTi se vaidika aura zramaNa dhArAoM meM janya-janaka ke paurvAparya kI anveSaNA karane kI apekSA unake svataMtra astitva aura vikAsa kI anveSaNA karanA adhika lAbhaprada hai| __ vaidika saMskRti kA sAhitya bahuta hI vizAla hai| veda, upaniSad, mahAbhArata, zrImadbhagavadgItA, bhAgavata, manusmRti Adi ke rUpa meM zatAdhika grantha haiM aura hajAroM viSayoM para carcAeM kI gaI haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha saMpUrNa sAhitya saMskRta meM nirmita hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM Aye hue eka-eka viSaya yA gAthAoM kI tulanA yadi sampUrNa vaidika sAhitya ke sAtha kI jAya to eka birATkAya graMtha taiyAra ho sakatA hai para yahA~ hama bahuta hI saMkSepa meM kucha pramukha bAtoM para hI cintana kreNge| yaha satya hai ki bauddha aura jaina saMskRti ye donoM hI zramaNa saMskRti kI hI dhArAe~ haiN| tathAgata buddha, bauddha saMkRti ke Adya saMsthApaka the, to jaina saMskRti ke Adya saMsthApaka bhagavAna RSabhadeva the jo jainadaSTi se prathama tIrthakara the| bhagavAna mahAvIra unhIM tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA meM caubIsaveM tIrthakara the| tathAgata buddha aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ye donoM eka hI samaya meM utpanna hue aura donoM kA pracAra-sthala bihAra rhaa| donoM mAnavatAvAdI dharma the| donoM ne hI jAtivAda ko mahattva na dekara AMtarika vizuddhi para bala diyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAvana-pravacana gaNipiTaka (jaina Agama) ke rUpa meM vizruta haiM to buddha ke pravacanoM kA saMkalana tripiTaka (baukhAgama) ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| donoM hI paramparAoM meM zAstra ke artha meM 'piTaka' zabda vyavahRta huA hai| vaha jJAna-maMjUSA gaNi arthAt AcAryoM ke lie thii| isIlie vaha gaNipiTaka ke nAma se prasiddha huI / yadyapi 'gaNi' zabda jaina paramparA meM aneka sthaloM para vyavahRta huA hai to bauddha-paramparA ke saMyuktanikAya, dIghanikAya suttanikAya Adi meM bhI usakA prayoga prApta hotA hai| donoM hI paramparAoM kA jaba hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana karate haiM to spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki donoM hI paramparAoM meM viSaya, zabdoM, uktiyoM evaM kathAnakoM kI dRSTi se atyadhika sAmya hai| isa sAmya kA mUla AdhAra yaha ho sakatA hai ki kabhI ye donoM paramparAe~ eka rahI hoM aura una donoM kA mUla srota eka hI sthala se pravAhita huA ho| Agama aura tripiTaka sAhitya ke eka-eka viSaya ko lekara yadi tulanAtmaka adhyayana

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607 tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAe to aneka naye tathya AsAnI se ujAgara ho sakate haiM, kintu vistAra bhaya se hama yahA~ saMkSepa meM hI kucha pramukha bAtoM para cintana kreNge| zeSa viSayoM para kabhI avakAza ke kSaNoM meM cintana kiyA jAyegA / jahA~ taka Agama aura tripiTaka sAhitya kA prazna hai vahA~ taka donoM hI paramparAe~ jana sAdhAraNa kI bhASA ko apanAtI rahI haiN| tripiTaka sAhitya kI bhASA pAli rahI hai to jaina AgamoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI prAkRta rahI hai| donoM hI mahApuruSoM ne jana-jana ke kalyANArtha upadeza pradAna kiye| brAhmaNa dArzanika mImAMsakoM ne veda ko sanAtana mAnakara use apIruSeya kahA hai / naiyAyika-vaizeSika Adi dArzanika use IzvarapraNIta kahate haiN| donoM kA mantavya hai ki veda kI racanA kA samaya ajJAta hai| isake viparIta bauddha tripiTaka aura jaina gaNipiTaka pauruSeya haiN| ye nirAkAra niraMjana Izvara dvArA praNIta nahIM hai aura inakI racanA ke samaya kA bhI spaSTa jJAna hai / jaina sAdhanA paddhati kA antima lakSya nirvANa hai ataH nirvANa kI dRSTi se hI usameM pratyeka vastu para cintana kiyA gayA hai| jabaki vaidika paramparA kA mukhya lakSya svargaM prApti thA, usI ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara vedoM meM vividha karmakAMDoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| Rgveda ke prArambha meM dhanaprApti kI dRSTi se agni kI stuti kI gaI hai jabaki AcArAMga ke prathama vAkya meM hI 'maiM kauna hU~ merA svarUpa kyA hai' isa para cintana kiyA gayA hai| sUtra kRtAGga ke prArambha meM bhI baMdha aura mokSa kI carcA kI gaI hai| vahA~ para spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki parigraha hI bandhana hai / jitanA sAdhaka mamatva kA parityAga kara samatva kI sAdhanA karegA utanA hI vaha nirvANa kI ora kadama bar3hAyegA / lakSya kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa veda aura brAhmaNa granthoM meM stutiyoM kI adhikatA aura AdhyAtmika cintana kI alpatA hai / upaniSad sAhitya meM AdhyAtmika cintana upalabdha hotA hai para usameM Atma-cintana ke mArga kA pratipAdana nahIM huA hai| sAdhanA ke amara rAhI ko dainika jIvanacaryA kaisI honI cAhie ? tana, mana aura vacana kI pravRtti ko kisa prakAra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI ora mor3anA cAhie ? yaha spaSTa rUpa se nahIM batAyA gayA hai| upaniSadoM meM brahmavArtA to AI hai para brahmacarya kA pAlana kaise karanA cAhie ? usake lie sAdhaka ke jIvana meM kisa prakAra kI yogyatA honI cAhie ? saMyama ke vidhi-vidhAna, tyAga

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608 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA aura tapa kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai jaisA ki AcArAMga Adi jaina AgamoM meM huA hai| AcArAMga meM AtmA ke svarUpa para cintana karate hue likhA hai ki sampUrNa loka meM kisI ke dvArA bhI AtmA kA chedana nahIM hotA, bhedana nahIM hotA, dahana nahIM hotA aura na hanana hI hotA hai| isI kI pratidhvani subAlopaniSad aura gItA' meM bhI milatI hai| AcArAMga meM AtmA ke hI sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki jisakA Adi aura anta nahIM hai usakA madhya kaise ho sakatA hai / gauDapAdakArikA meM bhI yahI bAta anya zabdoM meM duharAI gaI hai| " AcArAMga meM janmamaraNAtIta, nitya, mukta AtmA kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue likhA hai ki 'usa dazA kA varNana karane meM sAre zabda nivRtta ho jAte haiM--samApta ho jAte haiN| vahIM tarka kI pahu~ca nahIM aura na buddhi use grahaNa kara pAtI hai| karma-mala rahita kevala caitanya hI usa dazA kA jJAtA hai|' mukta AtmA na dIrgha hai, na hrasva, na vRtta-gola / vaha na trikoNa hai na caurasa, na maNDalAkAra hai / vaha na kRSNa hai na nIla, na lAla na pIlA, aura na zukla hI / vaha na sugandhi vAlA hai na durgandhi vAlA hai| vaha na tikta hai, na kaDuA na kaSailA, na khaTTA, aura na madhura / vaha na karkaza hai, na mRdu, vaha na bhArI hai, na halkA / vahana zIta hai na uSNa, vaha na snigdha hai na rUkSa | vaha na zarIradhArI hai, na punarjanmA hai, na Asakta / vaha na strI hai, na puruSa hai, na napuMsaka | 1 sa na chijjai na mijjai na ujjhada na hammai, kaM caNaM savvaloe 2 na jAyate na mriyate na muhyati na bhidyate na dahyate / na chidyate na kampate na kupyate sarvadahano'yamAramA || -- AcArAMga 1 / 3 / 3 -- subAlopaniSad 9 khaNDa IzASTottara zatopaniSad pR0 210 3 accheyo'yamadApo'yamakleyo'zoSya eva ca / nityaH sarvagataH sthANuracalo'yaM sanAtanaH / 4 jassaM natthi purA pacchA majme tassa kao siyA / 5 AdAvante ca yannAsti vartamAnepi tattathA / bhagavadgItA, a0 2, zlo0 23 -- AcArAMga 124 // 4 -gauDapAdakArikA, prakaraNa 2, zlo0 6

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 6.6 vaha jJAtA hai, vaha parijJAtA hai| usake lie koI upamA nhiiN| vaha arUpI sattA hai| vaha apada hai / vacana agocara ke lie koI padavAcaka zabda nhiiN| vaha zabda-rUpa nahIM, rUpa-rUpa nahIM, gandha-rUpa nahIM, rasa-rUpa nahIM, sparza-rUpa nhiiN| vaha aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, aisA maiM kahatA huuN| yahI bAta kenopaniSad kaThopaniSad, bRhadAraNyaka, mANDukyopa 1 samve sarA niyaTTanti takkA jatthana vijjai mai tattha na gAhiyA 'oe appaTTANassa kheyanne se na dIhe na hasse na baTTa ma taM se na caura se na parimaMDale na kiNhe na nIle na lohie na hAlidde na sukkille, na surabhigaMdhe na durabhigaMdhe na titte na kaDue na kasAe na aMbile na mahure na kakkhaDe na maue nagarue na lahue na uNhe na niddhana lukkhe na kAU na ruhe na saMge na ityI na purise na anahA pari sanna uvamA na vijjae asvI sattA apayassa payaM natthi se na sadde na rUve na gaMdhe na rase na phAse icceva ti bemi -AcArAMga 106 2 na tatra cakSurgacchati na vAg gacchati, na mano, na viyo na vijAnImo yatad anu ziSyAt anyadeva tad viditAt atho aviditAdapi iti zuzruma pUrveSAM ye nastad vyaacckssire| -kenopaniSad, khaM01, zloka 3 3 azabdamasparzamarUpamavyayam tathA'rasaM nityamagandhavacca yat -kaThopaniSad, 01, zloka 15 asthUlam, anaNu, mahasvam, adIrgham, alohitam, asneham, acchAyam, atamo, avAyu, anAkAzam, asaMgam, arasam, agAdham, acakSuSkam, azrotram, avAga, amano, atejaskam, aprANam, amukham, amAtram, anantaram, abAhyam, na tad apanAti kicana, na tad aznAti-kazcana |"-bhvaarnnyk brAhmaNa loka

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610 jaina bAgama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA niSad taittirIyopaniSad aura brahmavidyopaniSad meM bhI pratidhvanita huI hai| AcArAMga meM jJAniyoM ke zarIra kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai ki jJAniyoM ke bAhu kRza hote haiM unakA mAMsa aura rakta patalA evaM nyUna hotA hai| yahI bAta anya zabdoM meM nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad eva saMnyAsopaniSad meM bhI kahI gaI hai| pAzcAtya vicAraka zuniMga ne apane sampAdita AcArAMga meM AcAraMga ke vAkyoM kI tulanA dhammapada aura suttanipAta se kI hai| muni saMtabAla jI ne AcArAMga kI tulanA zrImadgItA ke sAtha kI hai| vizeSa jijJAsuoM ko ve graMtha dekhane caahie| sUtrakRtAGga kI tulanA dIghanikAya va anya graMthoM se kI jA sakatI hai / sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga sUtra kI racanA zailI aMguttaranikAya aura puggalapaJJatti kI zailI se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI hai / sthAnAGga meM kahA gayA hai ki chaha sthAna se AtmA unmatta hotI hai| arihanta kA avarNavAda karane se, dharma kA avarNavAda karane se, AcArya, upAdhyAya kA avarNavAda karane 1 nAntaH prazam, na bahiH prajJam, nobhayataH prajJam, na prajJAnaghanam, na prajJam, nAprajJam, adRSTam, avyavahAryam, agrAhyam, alakSaNam, acintyam, avyapadezyam / --mANDasyopaniSada, zloka 7 2 yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha / - taittirIyopaniSad, brahmAnandavallo 2, anuvAk 4 3 acyuto'ham acintyo'ham, atakryo'ham, aprANo'ham, akAyo'ham, azabdo'ham, arUpo'ham, asparzo'ham, araso'ham, agandho'ham agotro'ham avAgaham, adRzyo'ham avarNo'ham azruto'ham, adRsstto'hm| ---brahmavidyopaniSad, zloka 81-11 4 AgayapannANANaM kisA bAhA bhavaMti payaNue ya maMsa-soNie - bAcArAMga 2/63 5. madhukarIvRtyA AhAramAharan kRzo bhUtvA medovRddhimakurvan AjyaM rudhiramiva tyajet / --nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad 7 upaveza 6 yathAlAbhamaznIyAt prANasaMdhAraNArthaM yathA medovRddhinaM jAyate / kuzo bhUtvA grAme ekarAtram nagare ........ - saMnyAsopaniSad 1 adhyAya

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 611 se, catuvidha saMgha kA avarNavAda karane se, yakSa ke Aveza se, mohanIya karma ke udaya se to buddha ne bhI aMguttaranikAya meM kahA hai ki cAra acintanIya kI cintA karane se mAnava unmAdI ho jAtA hai - ( 1 ) tathAgata buddha bhagavAna ke jJAna kA viSaya, (2) dhyAnI ke dhyAna kA viSaya (3) karmavipAka aura (4) lokacitA / sthAnAGga meM jina kAraNoM se AtmA ke sAtha baMdha hotA hai, unheM Asrava" kahA hai| mithyAtva, avrata, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga- Asrava kahe gae haiN| bauddhagraMtha aMguttaranikAya meM Asrava kA mUla avidyA ko batAyA hai| avidyA kA nirodha hone se Asrava kA svataH nirodha ho jAtA hai| Asrava ke kAmAsrava, bhavAsrava aura avidyAsrava - ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| majjhimanikAya meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyA ko ThIka-ThIka karane se Asrava rukatA hai yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne bhI kAyamana-vacana kI kriyA ko yoga kahA hai aura vahI Asrava hai / sthAnAMga meM vikathA ke strIkathA, bhaktakathA, dezakathA, rAjakathA, mRdukAruNikI kathA, darzanabhedanI kathA aura cAritrabhedanIkathA ye sAta prakAra batAye haiM to buddha ne vikathA ke sthAna para tiracchAna zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| usake rAjakathA, corakathA, mahAmAtyakathA, senAkathA, bhayakathA, yuddhakathA, annakathA, pAnakathA, vastrakathA, zayanakathA, mAlAkathA, gaMdhakathA, jJAtikathA, yAnakathA, gAmakathA, nigamakathA, nagarakathA, janapadakathA, strIkathA Adi aneka bheda kiye haiN| sthAnAGga meM rAga aura dveSa se pApa karma kA baMdha batAyA hai to aMgu 1 sthAnAMga 6 2 aMguttaranikAya 4 / 77 3 (ka) sthAnAMga 5, 4118 (kha) samavAyAMga 5 4 aMguttaranikAya 3358, 6163 5 majjhimanikAya 1 / 1 / 2 6 tattvArthasUtra a0 61-2 7 sthAnAMga, 566 8 aMguttaranikAya 10,66 sthAnAMga 66

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612 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ttaranikAya meM tIna prakAra se karmasamudaya mAnA hai lobhaja, doSaja (dveSaja), aura mohj|' una sabhI meM moha ko adhika doSajanaka mAnA hai| - sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM ATha mada ke sthAna batAye haiM-jAti mada, kula mada, bala mada, rUpa mada, tapa mada, zruta mada, lAbha aura aizvarya md| to aMguttaranikAya meM mada ke tIna prakAra batAye-yauvana, Arogya, jIvita mada / ina tIna madoM se mAnava durAcArI banatA hai| sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga5 meM Asrava ke nirodha ko saMvara kahA aura usake bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA kI hai; tathAgata buddha ne aMguttaranikAya meM kahA Asrava kA niroSa mAtra saMvara se hI nahIM hotaa| unhoMne isa prakAra usakA vibhAga kiyA-(1) saMvara se (indriyA~ mukta hotI haiM to indriyoM kA saMvara karane se guptendriyA~ hone se tadjanya Asrava nahIM hotA) (2) pratisevanA se (3) adhivAsana se (4) parivarjana se, (5) vinoda se (6) bhAvanA seina sabhI meM avidyA nirodha ko hI mukhya Asrava nirodha mAnA hai| . sthAnAGga Adi meM arihanta, siddha, sAdhu, dharma ina cAra zaraNa Adi kA ullekha hai; to buddha paramparA meM buddha, dharma aura saMgha ye tIna zaraNa ko mahatva diyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM jaina upAsaka ke lie pAMca aNavatoM kA vidhAna hai| to aMguttaranikAya meM bauddha upAsaka ke lie pAMca zIla kA ullekha hai-(1) prANAtipAta viramaNa (3) adattAdAna viramaNa (2) kAmabhoga mithyAcAra se viramaNa, (4) mRSAvAda viramaNa (5) sUrA, mereya madya pramAda sthAna se viramaNa / 1 aMguttaranikAya 33 2 aMguttaranikAya 367, 6 // 36 3 sthAnAMga 606, samavAyAMga 4 aMguttaranikAya 3336 5 (ka) sthAnAMga 427; 568 (kha) samavAyAMga 115 6 aMguttaranikAya 6 / 58 7 aMguttaranikAya 6 / 63 8 sthAnAMga 386 & aMguttaranikAya 8 / 25

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 613 - sthAnAGga meM prazna ke chaha prakAra batAye haiM-saMzaya prazna, mithyAbhiniveza prazna, anuyogI prazna, anuloma prazna, jAnakara kiyA gayA prazna, na jAnane se kiyA gayA prazna / aMguttaranikAya meM prazna ke sambandha meM ciMtana karate hae buddha ne batAyA ki kitane hI prazna aise hote haiM ki jisake eka aMza kA uttara denA cAhie; kitane hI prazna aise haiM jo praznakartA se pratiprazna kara uttara denA cAhie; kitane hI prazna aise haiM jinakA uttara nahIM denA cAhie; kitane hI prazna aise haiM jinakA vibhAga kara uttara denA caahie| sthAnAMgasUtra meM chaH lezyAoM kA varNana hai aura una lezyAoM ke bhavya aura abhavya kI dRSTi se saMyogI Adi bhaMga pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| vaise hI aMguttaranikAya meM pUraNakazyapa dvArA cha: abhijAtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo raMgoM ke AdhAra para nizcita kI gaI haiM, vaha isa prakAra haiM (1) kRSNAbhijAti-bakarI, sUara, pakSI aura pazU-pakSI para apanI AjIvikA calAne vAle mAnava kRSNAbhijAti haiN| (2) nIlAbhijAti-kaMTaka vRtti bhikSuka nIlAbhijAti hai| bauddha bhikSu tathA anya karma vAlI bhikSuoM kA samUha / (3) lohitAbhijAti-eka zaTaka nigranthoM kA samUha / (4) haridrAbhijAti-sveta vastradhArI yA nirvastra / (5) zuklAbhijAti-AjIvaka zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kA samUha / (6) parama zuklAbhijAti-AjIvaka AcArya, nanda, vatsa, kRza, sAMkRtya, maskarI, gozAlaka Adi kA samUha / Ananda ne gautama buddha se ina chaha abhijAtiyoM ke sambandha meM pUchA to unhoMne kahA ki maiM bhI chaha abhijAtiyoM kI prajJApanA karatA hai| (1) koI puruSa kRSNAbhijAtika (nIca kula meM utpanna) hokara kRSNa karma tathA pApakarma karatA hai| (2) koI puruSa kRSNAbhijAtika hokara dharma karatA hai| 1 sthAnAMga 534 2 aMguttaranikAya 42 3 sthAnAMga 51 4 aMguttaranikAya 6 / 6 / 3, mAga tIsarA, pR0 35, 63-64

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614 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (3) koI puruSa kRSNAbhijAtika ho, akRSNa, azukla nirvANa ko paidA karatA hai| (4) koI puruSa zuklAbhijAtika (uce kula meM utpanna ho) zukla dharma karatA hai| (5) koI puruSa zuklAbhijAtika ho, kRSNa dharma karatA hai| (6) koI puruSa zuklAbhijAtika ho, akRSNa-azukla nirvANa ko paidA karatA hai| mahAbhArata meM prANiyoM ke varNa chaha prakAra ke batAye haiN| sanatkumAra ne dAnavendra vRtrAsura se kahA-prANiyoM ke varNa chaha hote haiM-kRSNa, dhUmra, nIla, rakta, hAridra aura zukla / inameM se kRSNa, dhUmra, nIla varNa kA sukha madhyama hotA hai| rakta varNa adhika sahya hotA hai| hAridra varNa sukhakara aura zukla varNa adhika sukhakara hotA hai| gItA meM gati ke kRSNa aura zukla ye do vibhAga kiye haiN| kRSNa gati vAlA puna:-puna: janma letA hai aura zukla gati vAlA janma-maraNa se mukta hotA hai| dhammapada meM dharma ke do vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| vahA~ varNana hai ki paNDita mAnava ko kRSNa dharma ko chor3akara zukla dharma kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| pataJjali ne pAtaJjala yoga-sUtra meM karma kI cAra jAtiyA~ pratipAdana kI haiN| kRSNa, zuklakRSNa, zukla, ashukl-akRssnn| ye kramazaH azuddhatara, azuddha, zuddha aura zuddhatara hai| isa taraha lezyAoM ke sAtha meM AMzika dRSTi se tulanA ho sakatI hai| sthAnAMga meM sugata ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM-(1) siddhi sugata 1 (ka) aMguttaranikAya 6 / 6 / 3 bhAga tIsarA pR063, 64 (kha) dIghanikAya 31.pR0265 2 mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 280133 3 gItA, 26 4 Sammapada, paNDitavaraNa, zloka 16 5 pAtaJjala yogasUtra, 47

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 615 (2) deva sugata (3) manuSya sugata' / aMguttaranikAya meM bhI rAga-dveSa aura moha ko naSTa karane vAle ko sugata kahA hai / sthAnAMga meM likhA hai ki pA~ca kAraNoM se jIva durgati meM jAtA hai / ye kAraNa haiM- hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna aura parigraha / aMguttaranikAya meM naraka jAne ke kAraNoM para cintana karate hue likhA haiakuzala kAya karma, akuzala vAk karma, akuzala mana karna aura sAvadya Adi karma* naraka ke kAraNa haiM / zramaNopAsaka ke liye upAsakadazAMga sUtra aura anya AgamoM meM sAvadha vyApAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai tathA unheM pandraha karmAdAna ke antargata sthAna diyA gayA hai to bauddha sAhitya meM bhI sAvadya vyApAra kA niSedha hai / vahA~ bhI kahA gayA hai zastra vANijya, jIva kA vyApAra, mAMsa kA vyApAra, madya kA vyApAra aura viSa vyApAra nahIM karane caahie| sthAnAGga va anya Agama sAhitya meM zramaNa nigraM ntha ina chaha kAraNoM se AhAra grahaNa karatA hai - ( 1 ) kSudhA kI upazAnti, (2) vaiyAvRtya ke lie, (3) iryAvizuddhi ke lie, (4) saMyama ke lie, (5) prANa dhAraNa karane ke lie aura (6) dharmacintA ke lie| aMguttaranikAya meM Ananda ne eka zramaNI ko isI prakAra kA upadeza diyA hai| " sthAnAGga meM ihaloka bhaya, paraloka bhaya, AdAna bhaya, akasmAta bhaya, vedanA bhaya, maraNa bhaya aura azloka bhaya Adi sAta bhayasthAna batAye haiM to aMguttaranikAya meM bhI jAti, janma, jarA, vyAdhi, maraNa, agni, udaka, rAja, cora AtmAnuvAda - apane duzcaritra kA vicAra ki dUsare mujhe 1 sthAnAGga 181 2 aMguttaranikAya 3 / 72 3 sthAnAMga 361 4 aMguttaranikAya 3372 5 aMguttaranikAya 33141, 153 6 aMguttaranikAya 5 / 178 e sthAnAMga 500 8 aMguttaranikAya - 4156 EUR sthAnAMga 546 10 aMguttaranikAya 4 / 116, 577

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616. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA duzcaritra kaheMge isakA bhaya, daMDa, durgati Adi aneka bhayasthAna batAye gaye haiN| samavAyAMga sUtra meM nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya, aura devatAoM ke AvAsa sthala ke sambandha meM vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| jaise ki ratnaprabhA pRthvI meM eka lAkha 78 hajAra yojana pramANa meM 30 lAkha narakAvAsa hai| isI prakAra anya narakAvAsoM kA bhI ullekha hai aura devoM ke AvAsa kA bhI varNana hai| vaise hI aMguttaranikAya meM navasattvAvAsa mAne haiN| unameM sabhI jIvoM ko vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai| ye navasattvAvAsa nimna haiM: prathama sattvAvAsa meM vividha prakAra ke kAya aura saMjJA vAle kitane hI manuSya deva aura vinipAtikoM kA samAveza hai| dUsare AvAsa meM vividha prakAra kI kAyA vAle kintu samAna saMjJA vAle brahmakAyika devoM kA varNana hai| 2. tIsare AvAsa meM samAna kAya vAle kintu vividha prakAra kI saMjJA vAle AbhAsvara devoM kA varNana hai| caturtha AvAsa meM eka sadRza kAya aura saMjJA vAle zubha kRSNa devoM kA nirUpaNa hai| pAMcaveM AvAsa meM asaMjJI aura apratisaMvedI aise asaMjJa sattva devoM kA varNana hai| chaThe AvAsa meM rUpa saMjJA, paTigha saMjJA aura vividha saMjJA se Age bar3hakara jaise AkAza ananta hai vaise AkAzAnaMcAyatana ko prApta hue vaise sattvoM kA nirUpaNa hai| sAtaveM AvAsa meM una sattvoM kA varNana hai jo AkAzAnaMcAyatana ko bhI atikramaNa karake anaMta vijJAna hai, aise vitrANAnaMcAyatana ko prApta hue haiN| AThaveM AvAsa meM ve sattva haiM, jo kucha bhI nahIM hai akiJcAyatana ko prApta hue haiN| naveM AvAsa meM ve sattva haiM jo navajJAnAsaAyatana ko prApta haiN| 1 aMguttaranikAya

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 617 sthAnAMgasUtra meM batAyA hai ki madhyaloka meM candra, sUrya, maNi, jyoti, agni se prakAza hotA hai / aMguttaranikAya meM AbhA, prabhA, Aloka aura prajyota ina pratyeka ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiN| ve haiM-candra, sUrya, agni, prajJA / sthAnAMga meM loka ko caudaha rajju pramANa kahakara usameM jIva aura ajIva dravyoM kA sadbhAva batAyA hai| vaise hI aMguttaranikAya meM bhI loka ko anaMta kahA hai / " aura vaha sAnta bhI hai / tathAgata buddha ne yahI kahA hai ki pA~ca kAmaguNa rUpa rasAdi yahI loka hai aura jo mAnava pA~ca kAma guNa kA parityAga karatA hai vahI loka ke anta meM pahu~cakara vahA~ para vicaraNa karatA hai / sthAnAMga meM bhUkaMpa ke tIna kAraNa batAye haiM / (1) pRthvI ke nIce kA dhanavAta vyAkula hotA hai aura usase ghanodadhi samudra meM tUphAna AtA hai / (2) koI maheza nAmaka mahoraga deva apane sAmarthya kA pradarzana karane ke lie pRthvI ko calita karatA hai| (3) devAsura saMgrAma jaba hotA hai taba bhUkaMpa AtA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM bhUkaMpa ke ATha kAraNa batAye haiM / 4 (1) pRthvI ke nIce kI mahAvAyu ke prakampana se usa para rahI huI pRthvI prakampita hotI hai; (2) koI zramaNa-brAhmaNa apanI Rddhi ke bala se pRthvI bhAvanA ko karatA hai; (3) jaba bodhisatva mAtA ke garbha meM Ate haiM; (4) jaba bodhisatva mAtA ke garbha se bAhara Ate haiM; (5) jaba tathAgata anuttara jJAna lAbha ko prApta karate haiM; (6) jaba tathAgata dharmacakra kA pravartana karate haiM; (7) jaba tathAgata Ayu saMskAra kA nAza karate haiM; (8) jaba tathAgata nirvANa prApta karate haiN| jainadRSTi se jaina Agama sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para aisA ullekha hai ki eka kSetra meM eka hI tIrthaMkara yA cakravartI Adi hote haiN| jaise bharata kSetra meM eka tIrthaMkara, airavata kSetra meM eka tIrthaMkara, mahAvideha kSetra ke 1 aMguttaranikAya 4 / 141, 145 2 vahI 9|38 3 3 sthAnAMga 4 aMguttaranikAya 870

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618 jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA battIsa vijaya meM battIsa tIrthaMkara, isa prakAra jambUdvIpa meM 34 tIrthaMkara aura usI prakAra 68, 68 tIrthaMkara kramazaH ghAtakIkhaNDa aura arddha-puSkara meM hote haiN| isa prakAra kula utkRSTa 170 tIrthaMkara ho sakate haiM kintu sabhI kA kSetra pRthak-pRthak hotA hai| jaina mAnyatA kI taraha hI aMguttaranikAya meM bhI eka kSetra meM eka hI cakravartI aura eka hI tathAgata buddha hote haiM aisI mAnyatA hai / samavAyAMga' meM batAyA hai ki jahA~ arihanta tIrthaMkara vicarate haiM vahA~ Iti, upadrava kA bhaya nahIM rahatA, mArI kA bhaya, svacakra, paracakra kA bhaya nahIM rahatA Adi tIrthaMkara ke 34 atizaya haiN| aMguttaranikAya meM tathAgata buddha ke 5 atizaya batAye haiM / ve arthajJa hote haiM, dharmajJa hote haiM, maryAdA ke jJAtA hote haiM, kAlajJa hote haiM aura pariSad ko jAnane vAle hote haiN| donoM paramparAoM (jaina aura bauddha) meM cakravartI kA ullekha hai aura usako bahujanoM ke hitakartA mAnA hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM cakravartI ke 14 ratna batAye gaye haiN| to dIghanikAya meM cakravartI ke 7 ratnoM kA ullekha hai / unakI utpatti aura vijayagAthA prAyaH eka sadRza hai / sthAnAMga meM buddha ke tIna prakAra - jJAnabuddha darzanabuddha aura cAritrabuddha batAye haiM tathA svayaMsambuddha, pratyekabuddha aura buddhabodhita ye tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiN| aMguttaranikAya meM buddha ke tathAgatabuddha aura pratyekabuddha ye do prakAra batAye gaye haiN| " sthAnAMga meM strI ke svabhAva kA citraNa karate hue catubhaMgI batAI gaI hai| vaise hI aMguttaranikAya meM bhAryA kI saptabhaMgI batAI gaI hai-- 1 samavAyAMga 34 2 aMguttaranikAya 5 / 121 3 sthAnAMga 558 4 samavAyAMga 14 5 dIghanikAya 17 6 7 aMguttaranikAya 2 / 6 / 5 da sthAnAMga 276 6 aMguttaranikAya 756 sthAnAMga 3 / 156

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 616 (1) badhaka ke samAna (2) cora ke samAna, (3) ayya sadRza, (4) akarma, kAmA, (5) AlasI, (6) caNDI, (7) duruktavAdinI ityAdi lakSaNa yukta / mAtA ke samAna, bhaginI ke samAna, sakhI ke samAna aura dAsI ke samAna strI ke ye anya prakAra batAe haiN| sthAnAMga' meM cAra prakAra ke megha batAye haiM-(1) garjanA karate haiM kintu barasate nahIM haiM (2) garjate nahIM, barasate haiM (3) garajate aura barasate haiM (4) garajate bhI nahIM aura barasate bhI nhiiN| isa upamA kA saMketa kiyA hai to aMguttaranikAya meM isa pratyeka bhaMga meM puruSa ko ghaTAyA gayA hai(1) bahuta bolatA hai kintu karatA kucha nahIM (2) bolatA nahIM, para karatA hai (3) bolatA bhI nahIM aura karatA bhI nahIM (4) bolatA bhI hai, karatA bhI hai| isI prakAra garajanA aura barasanA rUpa catubhaMgI anya prakAra se bhI ghaTita kI gaI hai| sthAnAMga meM kuMbha ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM-(1) pUrNa aura apUrNa (2) pUrNa aura tuccha (3) tuccha aura pUrNa (4) aura tuccha atuccha / isI taraha kucha prakArAntara se aMguttaranikAya meM kuMbha kI upamA puruSa catubhaMgI se ghaTita kI hai-(1) tuccha-khAlI hone para bhI Dhakkana hotA hai| (2) bharA hone para bhI Dhakkana nahIM hotA (3) tuccha hotA hai, Dhakkana nahIM hotA hai (4) bharA huA hotA hai aura Dhakkana bhI hotA hai| (1) jisakI veza-bhUSA to ThIka hai kintu Aryasatya kA parijJAna nahIM hai vaha prathama kuMbha ke sadRza hai| (2) Aryasatya kA parijJAna hone para bhI bAhya AkAra sundara nahIM ho vaha dvitIya kuMbha ke sadRza hai| (3) bAhya AkAra bhI sundara nahIM aura Aryasatya kA bhI parijJAna nhiiN| (4) bAhya AkAra bhI sundara aura Aryasatya kA parijJAna bhI hai| isI taraha anya catubhaMgoM ke sAtha nikAya ke viSaya-vastu kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI aneka gAthAoM se bauddha sAhitya 1 sthAnAMga 41346 2 aMguttaranikAya 4110. 3 sthAnAMga 4 / 360 4 aMguttaranikAya 4 / 103

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62. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA dhammapada', therIgAthA, theragAthA', aMguttaranikAya, suttanipAta', 1 apyA ceva dameyamvo, appA hu khalu duddamo / appA danto suhI hoi, assi loe paratva ya // tulanA kIjie-- attAnaJce tathA kayirA, yathacamanusAsatti / sudanto vata dammeSa, attA hi kira duimo|| -dhammapada 123 utta0 634-dhamma0 8 / 4; utta0 4|44-dhmm0 211; utta. 1028-dhamma0 20113; utta0 2036,37-dhamma0 1214,5,6 utta. 20||48-dhmm0 3.10%utta02522-dhamma 26 // 23; utta0 25223-- dhamma0 26126, utta0 25|26-dhmm 166,11, utt025|30-dhmm. 1610,14, utta0 32|5-dhmm0 2336,10,11 / paDiNIyaM ca buddhANaM, vAyA aduva kammuNA / AvI vA jai vA rahasse, neva kujjA kyaaidi| -utta017 tulanA kIjiemA kAsi pApakaM kamma, Avi vA yadi vA rho| sace ca pApakaM kamma, karissasi karosi vaa|| -therIgApA 247 3 kAlIpabvaMgasaMkAse, kise dhamaNisaMtae / mAyagne asaNapANassa, adINamaNaso cre|| --utta0 // 3 tulanA kIjiekAla (lA) pavvaMgasaMkAso, kiso dhammanisanyato / mata annapAnamhi, adInamanaso nro|| -theraNAcA 246,68 / utta0 2010-thera0 34,247,687, utta0 4|3-ther. 786% utta* 13331-thera0 148; utta0 27/8-dhera0 676 / ' asaMkhayaM jIviya mA pamAyae, jarovaNIyassa ha nasthi tANaM / evaM viyANAhi jaNe pamatte, kaNNU bihisA ajayA gahinti // -utta041 -tulanA kIjie upanIyati jIvitaM appamAyu, jarUpanItassana samti taannaa| etaM bhayaM maraNe pekkhamANo, punAni kayirAya sukhAvahAni // -aMgusaranikAya pR0156 5 socANaM pharusA mAsA, dAruNA gaamknnttgaa| tusiNIo uvehejjA, na tAo maNasIkare / / -utsa. 225 tulanA kIjiesutvA rusito bahu' vAcaM, samaNANaM puthuvacanAnaM / pharusena te na pativajjA, nahi samto paTisenikaromti // ----suttanipAta, 08, 14 // 18

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 621 jAtaka, mahAvaga tathA vaidika sAhitya, zrImadbhAgavata evaM mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva, udyogaparva viSNu purANa', zrImadbhagavadgItA zvetAzvaraupaniSad zAMkarabhASya kA bhAva aura artha sAmya hai| utta0 2136-sutta0 va 8, 14 / 8; utta0 8|13-sut.v0 8 / 14, 13; utta0 25|16-sutt0 33 / 20, 21, utta0 25431-sutta. mahA. 6 / 57, 58-sutta0 ura07,21,27, utta0 32|5-sutt0 ura0 3 / 13 / suhaM vasAmo jIvAmo, jesi mo natyi kiNcnn| mihilAe ujajhamANIe, na me ujjhai kiMcaNa / / -utta014 tulanA kIjiesusukhaM vata jIvAma ye saMno natthi kiMcanaM / mithilAya DarahamAnAya na me kiMci aDarahatha / / -jAtaka 536, zloka 125 jAtaka 526, zloka 15 utta0 1416-jaatk0506|4; utta0 14|12-jaatk 506,506 utta0 14127-jAtaka 5067, utt014|26-jaatk 506 / 15; utta. .14138-jAtaka 506 / 18, utt014|48-jaatk 50620% utta. 18.45,46-jaatk0408|5| 2 jammaM dukkhaM jarA dukkhaM, rogA ya maraNANi y| aho dukkho hu saMsAro, jattha kosanti jantavo // -utta0 1915 tulanA kIjiejAtipi dukkhA jarApi dukkhA / vyAdhipi dukkhA maraNaMpi dukkhaM / -mahAvagga 1916 3 utta0 2|3-bhaagvt0 11118 4 nApuDho vAgare kiMci, puDho vA nAliyaM ve| kohaM asaccaM kubvejjA, dhArejjA piyamappiyaM / / -utta0 1 / 14 tulanA kIjienApRSTaH kasyacid byAn, nApyanyAyena pRcchataH / jJAnavAnapi medhAvI, jaDavat samupAvizet // -mahAbhArata-zAntiparva 27 / 35 "utta0 ||3-shaantiprv 234 // 11, utta0 2|16,20-shaantiprv 12 / 10,6,13; utta0 4|40-shaantiprv 2585, utta0 13122-zAMtiparva 17218,16) utta0 13325-zAntiparva 321174; utta. 1415zAntiparva 17020 utta. 14|16,17-shaantiprv 175 // 38 utta. 14||21-shaantiprv 17517,2777 utta0 14||22-shaastiprv 17528, 27718% utt.14||23-shaantiprv0 1759,277 / 6% utta0 14 / 24,25

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622 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA uttarAdhyayana ke 25veM adhyayana meM brAhmaNoM ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai aura pratyeka gAthA ke aMta meM 'taM vayaM bUma mahANaM' pada hai| usakI tulanA bauddha grantha dhammapada ke brAhmaNavarga 36veM tathA suttanipAta ke vAseTThasutta 35 ke 245veM adhyAya se kI jA sakatI hai| dhammapada ke brAhmaNavarga kI gAthA ke anta meM 'tamahaM Tima brAhmaNaM' pada AyA hai| suttanipAta meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isI prakAra mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva adhyAya 245 meM 36 zloka haiM, unameM 7 zlokoM ke antima caraNa meM 'taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH' aisA pada hai| isa prakAra tInoM paramparA ke mAnanIya granthoM meM brAhmaNa ke svarUpa kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai| usa mImAMsA meM kucha zabdoM ke parivartana ke sAtha unhIM rUpaka aura upamAoM ke prayoga dvArA viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA hai| zAntiparva 17 // 10,11,12, zAntiparva 27710,11,12; utta0 14146-- zAntiparva 178 / / 5 puDhavI sAlI javA ceva, hiraNNaM passumissaha / paDipugNaM nAlamegassa, ii vijjA tavaM cre|| --utta0 44 tulanA kIjie-- yat pRSivyA brIhiyavaM, hiraNyaM pazavaH striyaH / nAlamekasya tat sarvamiti pazyanna muhyati / / -udyogaparva 34 utt013|23-udyogprv 40.15, 18 utta0 13124-udyogaparva 4017; utta. 13325--udyogaparva 40117utta0 2|26-udyog parva 43235 // 6 utt06|46-vissnnupuraann 4 / 11 / / 7 utta0 2036,37-gItA 65,6; utta0 231-pItA. 4113; utta0 321100-gItA0 2164 / 8 jahA ya kipAgaphalA maNoramA, raseNa vaNNeNa ya mujjmaannaa| te khuDue jIvie paccamANA, eoSamA kAmaguNA vivAge // -uts032|20 tulanA kIjietrayI dharmamadharmArtha kiMpAkaphalasaMnimam / nAsti tAta! sukhaM kiJcidatra duHkhazatAkule / / -zAMkarabhASya, bacetA0 upa0, pR023

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 623 dazavakAlika' kI aneka gAthAoM kI tulanA dhammapada, saMyuttanikAya, sattanipAta kozika jAtaka', visavanta jAtaka', itivRttaka', 1 dhammo maMgalamukkiTTha, ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA vi taM namasaMti, jassa dhamme sayA mnno|| -zava011 tulanA kareM2 (ka) yamhi saccaM ca dhammo ca, ahiMsA saMyamo dmo| sa ve vaMtamalo dhIro, so theroti pavuccati // -dhammapada 166 (kha) jahA dumassa pupphesu, mamaro Aviyaha rasaM / ya puSpaM kilAmei, so ya pINei appayaM / / -za012 tulanA kareM yathApi bhamaro pupphaM, varuNa-gaMdha aheThayaM / paleti rasamAdAya, evaM gAme munI care / / -dhammapada 416 (ga) uvasameNa haNe kohaM, -vaza038 tulanA kareMakkodhena jine ko, -dhammapada 17-3 (gha) dazavakAlika-21 se tulanA kareM-dhammapada 1218 3 kahaM nu kujjA sAmaNNaM, jo kAme na nivArae / pae pae visIyaMto, saMkappassa vasaM go| -vaza0 21 tulanA kareMkatihaM careyya sAmaJja, vittaM cena nivaare| pade pade visIdeyya, saGkappAnaM vsaanugo|| -saMyuttanikAya 131 / 17 4 (ka) taheva asaNaM pANagaM vA, vivihaM khAimasAimaM lbhittaa| hohI aTTho sue pare vA, taM na nihe na nihAvae je sa mikkha / / -zava01010 tulanA kareM--- agnAnamayo pAnAnaM, khAdanIyAmatho pi vatthAnaM / laddhA na sanidhi kapirA, na ca parittase tAni almmaano| -suttanipAta 52 / 10 (kha) na ya vuggahiyaM kahaM kahejjA, na ya kuppe nihuiMdie pasaMte / ___ saMjamadhuvajogajutte, uvasaMte aviheDae je sa bhikkhU // -zarva01010 / na ca kasthitA siyA bhikkhU, na ca vAcaM payutaM bhAseyya / pAganmiyaM na sikkheyya, kathaM viggAhika na kathayeyya // -suttanipAta 52016

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624 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA zrImadbhAgavata, zrImadbhagavadgItA', manusmRti'. Adi ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| kahIM para zabdoM meM sAmya hai to kahIM para artha meM sAmya hai| (ga) jo sahai / gAmakaMTae akkosapahAratajjaNAo y| bhayabheravasahasaMpahAse, samAsuhadukkhasahe ya je sa bhikkhU // -zarva01011 tulanA kareM- mikkhuno vijigucchato, bhajato rittamAsanaM / rukkhamUlaM susAnaM vA, pacatAnaM guhAsu vA / / uccAvacesu sayanesu, kIvanto tattha bharevA / ye hi bhikkhu na ve dheyya, nigghose sayanAsane // ---susanipAta 5404-5 (gha) dazavakAlika 1017 tulanA kareMsuttanipAta 528 kAleNa nikkhame bhikkhU, kAleNa ya paDikkame / akAlaM ca vivajjettA, kAle kAlaM samAyare / / -dazava0 5 / 24 tulanA kareMkAle nikkhamaNA sAdhu, nAkAle sAdhu nikkhmo| akAlenahi nikkhamma, ekakapi bhujno|| -kauzika jAtaka 226 6 ghiratyu te jasokAmI, jo taM jiiviykaarnnaa| vantaM icchasi AveLa, se yaM te maraNaM bhave / / -vai0 27 tulanA kareM dhiratthu taM visaM vAtaM yamahaM jiivitkaarnnaa| vantaM paccAvamissAmi, matamme jIvitA varaM / / -visavanta jAtaka 69 7 jayaM care jayaM ciThe, jayamAse jayaM se| . jayaM bhujasto bhAsato, pAvaM kamma nbNdhii| -vaza048 tulanA kareMyataM care yataM tiDhe yataM acche yataM sye| yataM samminnaye bhikkhU yatamenaM psaare| -itivRttaka 12 8 (ka) uddesiyaM kIyagaDa, niyAgamabhihanANi ya / rAibhatte siNANe ya, gaMdhamalle ya bIyaNe // sagnihI mihimatte ya rAyapiMDe kimicche| saMvAhaNA daMtapahoyaNA ya, saMpucchaNA dehapaloyaNA y|| -varA0 3 / 2-3

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 625 tulanA kareMkeza-roma-nakha-zmathu-malAni bibhRyAd dataH / na dhAvedapsu majjeta trikAlaM sthaNDilezayaH / / -bhAgavata 11313 (kha) dhUvaNetti vamaNe ya, vatthIkamma vireyaNe / aMjaNe daMtavaNe ya, gAyanmaMga vibhUsaNe / / -dazava0 39 tulanA kareMaJjanAbhyaJjanommadasthyavalekhAmiSaM madhu / suggandhalepAlaMkArAMstyajeyurye dhutavatAH / / -bhAgavata 7 / 12 / 12 6 (ka) kahaM care ? kahaM ciTThe ? kahamAse ? kahaM se| kahaM muMjanto mAsanto? pAvaM kammaM na baMdhaI ? -vaza047 tulanA kareMsthitaprajJasya kA bhASA, samAdhisthasya kezavaH / sthitadhIH kiM prabhASeta, kimAsIta brajeta kim / / -gItA 2054 (kha) savvabhUyappabhUyassa, sammaM bhUyAI paaso| pihiyAsavassa daMtassa pAvaM karma na baMdhaI // -vaza0.49 tulanA kareMyogayukto vizuddhAtmA, vijitAtmA jitendriyaH / sarvabhUtAtmabhUtAtmA kurvagnapi na lipyate // -gItA 17 (ga) par3hamaM nANa tamo dayA, evaM ciTTha svvsNje| ___ annANI ki kAhI ? kiM vA nAhii cheya pAvagaM? --ba0 // 10 . na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate / -gotA 4 // 39 10 AyAvayaMti gimhesu, hemaMtesu avaauhaa| bAsAsu pahisalINA, saMjayA susamAhiyA / / -dazava0 3.12 tulanA kareMgrISme paMcatapAstu syAd, varSAsvabhrAvakAzikaH / ArdravAsAstu hemante, kramazo vardhayaMstapaH // -manusmRti pA23

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA isI taraha sUtrakRtAMga kI tulanA dIghanikAya ke sAtha, upAsakadazAMga kI tulanA dIghanikAya ke sAtha, antakRtdazAMga kI tulanA thera aura therIgAthA ke sAtha, rAjapraznIya kI tulanA pAyAsIsutta ke sAtha, nizItha kI tulanA vinayapiTaka ke sAtha aura chedasUtroM kI tulanA pAtimukha ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| 626 jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM anekoM zabdoM kA prayoga samAna rUpa se huA hai / udAharaNa ke lie hama kucha zabda sAmya yahA~ prastuta kara rahe haiN| nigaMTha-nirgrantha, jo antaraMga aura bahiraMga parigraha se mukta hai / jainaparamparA meM to zramaNoM ke lie 'nirgrantha' zabda hajAroM bAra vyavahRta huA hai / bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM bhI jaina zramaNoM ke lie 'nirgrantha ' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke punIta pravacana ko bhI nirgrantha pravacana kahA hai / bhante - jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM AdaraNIya vyaktiyoM ko Amantrita karane ke lie 'bhante' (bhadanta ) zabda vyavahRta huA hai / 2 there--donoM hI paramparAoM meM jJAna, vaya aura dIkSA paryAya Adi ko lekara there yA sthavira zabda kA vyavahAra huA hai / " bauddha paramparA meM bAraha varSa se adhika vRddha bhikSuoM ke lie thera yA therI zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI eka maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| jo svayaM bhI jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi meM sthira rahatA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI sthira karatA hai, vaha sthavira hai| sthavira ko bhagavAna kI upamA se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| gItA meM 'sthavira' ke sthAna para 'sthitaprajJa' kA prayoga huA hai / sthitaprajJa vaha viziSTa vyakti hotA hai jisakA AcAra nirmala aura vicAra pavitra hote haiN| Auso - jaina aura bauddha donoM paramparAoM meM samAna yA apane se laghu vyaktiyoM ke lie 'Ausa' (AyuSyamAn ) zabda kA prayoga huA hai / tathAgata buddha ko 'Ausa gautama' kahakara sambodhita kiyA gayA hai to 1 je ime ajjatAte samaNA nimgaMthA / 2 se keNaTThaNaM bhante, NUNaM mante, sebaM bhante, savvaM mante / 3 therA bhagavanto bhagavatI - kalpasUtra 204, pR0 201 --bhagavatIsUtra 7 / 3 / 279

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627 tulanAtmaka adhyayana gozAlaka ne bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ko 'AusokAsavA' kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai | arhata aura buddha - vartamAna meM jaina paramparA meM 'arhata' zabda aura bauddha paramparA meM 'buddha' zabda rUr3ha huA hai| jainAgamoM meM 'buddha' zabda kA prayoga aneka sthaloM para huA hai| jaise- sUtrakRtAMgara, rAjapraznIya, sthAnAMgara, samavAyAMga, Adi meM bauddha paramparA meM pUjya vyaktiyoM ke lie 'arhat' zabda vyavahRta huA hai / yatra-tatra tathAgata buddha ko 'arhat samyak sambuddha' kahA gayA hai| tathAgata buddha ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt 500 bhikSuoM kI eka virAT sabhA hotI hai| vahIM Ananda ke atirikta 46 bhikSuoM ko 'arhat' kahA gayA hai| kAryArambha hone ke pazcAt AnaMda ko bhI 'ahaM' likhA gayA hai / zatAdhika bAra 'arhat' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM gRhastha upAsaka ke lie zrAvaka zabda vyavahRta huA hai| jaina paramparA meM gRhastha ke lie 'zrAvaka' zabda AyA hai" to bauddha paramparA meM bhikSu aura gRhastha donoM ke lie 'zrAvaka' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| isI prakAra upAsaka yA zramaNopAsaka zabda bhI donoM hI paramparAoM meM prApta hai| gRhastha ke lie 'AgAra' zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| jaina sAhitya meM 'AgArAo aNagAriya pavvaittae' zabda AyA hai" to bauddha sAhitya meM bhI 'agArammA anagAriaM 1 Auso kAsavA 2 (ka) jeya buddhA atikamtA jeye buddhA aNAgayA / (kha) saMkhAI dhammaM ya viyAgaraMti buddhA hute aztakarA bhavanti / 3 titthagarANaM sayaM sambuddhANaM / 4 tivihA buddhA pANabuddhA, daMsaNabuddhA, caritabuddhA / 5 samaNeNaM magavayA mahAvIreNa AigareNaM tityayareNaM sayaM ---bhagavatI, zataka 15 sUtrAMga 201036 6 dIghanikAya sAmaJJaphalasutta 115 7 vinayapiTaka paMcazatikAskandhaka upAsakadazAMga, bhagavatI 6 aMguttaranikAya ekakanipAta 14 10 bhagavatI --sUtrakRtAMga 101416 - rAjapraznIya 5 - sthAnAMga, ThA0 3 saMbuddheNaM / - samavAyAMga sUtra 22

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628 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pavajjanti' yaha zabda vyavahRta huA hai| samyakadRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi ina zabdoM kA prayoga bhI jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai| svayaM ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie 'samyakdRSTi' aura dUsare ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie 'mithyAvRSTi' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 'vairamaNa' zabda kA prayoga bhI donoM hI paramparAoM meM vrata lene ke artha meM huA hai| majjhimanikAya meM sammAdidi suttanta nAmaka eka sUtra hai| usameM samyagdRSTi kA varNana karate hue likhA hai-Arya zrAvaka samyagdRSTi hotA hai| usakI dRSTi sIdhI hotI hai| vaha dharma meM atyanta zraddhAvAna hotA hai| vaha akuzala evaM akuzalamUla ko jAnatA hai| sAtha hI kuzala aura kuzalamUla ko bhI jAnatA hai| jisase vaha Arya zrAvaka samyagdRSTi hotA hai| . akuzala dasa prakAra kA hai aura akuzalamUla tIna prakAra kA hai| (1) prANAtipAta (hiMsA) (2) adattAdAna (corI) (3) kAma(strIsaMsarga) meM mithyAcAra (4) mRSAvAda (jhUTha bolanA) (5) pizuna vacana (cugalI) (6) paruSa vacana (kaThora bhASaNa) (7) saMpralApa (bakavAsa) (5) abhidhyA (lAlaca) (9) vyApAda (pratihiMsA) (10) mithyAdRSTi (jhUThI dhAraNA), he Avuso ye akuzala haiN| (1) lobha, (2) dveSa, (3) moha-ye tIna akuzalamUla haiN| jaina dRSTi se sAdhanA kA mUla samyagadarzana hai aura sAdhanA kA bAdhaka tattva mohanIyakarma hai| rAga aura dveSa ye moha ke hI prakAra haiN| isI prakAra majjhimanikAya meM burAiyoM kI jar3a lobha, dveSa aura moha ko batAyA gayA hai| tasvArthasUtra meM samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke adhigama aura nisarga-ye do kAraNa batAye haiN| majjhimanikAya meM eka praznottara milatA hai ki samyagdRSTi grahaNa ke kitane pratyaya haiM ? uttara meM kahA-do pratyaya haiM(1) dUsaroM ke ghoSa-upadeza zravaNa aura (2) yonizaH manaskAra-mUla para vicAra krnaa| 1 mahAvagga 2 majjhimanikAya 11 3 tnisrgaaddhigmaadvaa| 4 majjhimanikAya 1 / 5 / 3 -tasvArthasUtra 3 .

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 626 jaina dRSTi se sAdhanA kI pA~ca bhUmikAeM haiN| vratoM se pahale samyakdarzana ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt virati hai / majjhimanikAya ke sammAdiTTi suttanta meM dasa kuzala dharmoM kA ullekha ' hai / unakA samAveza pAMca mahAvratoM meM isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai mahAvrata 1 ahiMsA 2 satya 3 acaurya 4 brahmacaryaM 5 aparigraha kuzala dharma (1) prANAtipAta, (6) vyApAda se virati, (4) mRSAvAda, (5) pizuna vacana (6) puruSa vacana, (7) saMpralApa se virati (2) adattAdAna se virati (3) kAma meM mithyAcAra se virati (8) abhidhyA se virati bhAvanA -- praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM pA~ca mahAvratoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA ullekha hai / anyatra anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra Adi dvAdaza bhAvanAoM kA bhI ullekha hai / " tasvArthasUtra Adi meM maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya, mAdhyastha bhAvanA kA ullekha hai| to majjhimanikAya meM samyagdarzana ke sAtha hI bhAvanA kA bhI varNana AyA hai| maitrI, karuNA, muditA aura upekSA kI bhAvanA karane vAlA AdhyAtmika zAnti prApta kara sakatA hai| sthAnAGga, Avazyaka va tatvArtha sUtra Adi meM isa bAta kA 1 majjhimanikAya 1116 2 praznavyAkaraNa saMvaradvAra 3 (ka) tattvArtha sUtra 27, (kha) bArasa aNuvekkhA : A0 kundakunda 4 maitrI pramoda kAruNya mAdhyasthAni ca sattvaguNAdhikaklizyamAnA'vinayeSu / 5 majjhimanikAya 124/10 6 sthAnAMga 182; samavAyAMga 3 7 mAyA salle, niyANa salle micchAdaMsaNa salle / tatvArthasUtra 7 18 sAsUtra 711

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63. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki vrata grahaNa karane vAle vyakti ko zalya rahita honA cAhie / zalya vaha hai jo AtmA ko kAMTe kI taraha dukha de| usake tIna prakAra haiM (1) mAyA zalya-chala-kapaTa krnaa| (2) nivAna zalya-AgAmI kAla meM viSayoM kI vAJchA krnaa| -- (3) mithyAvarzana zalya-tattvoM kA zraddhAna na honaa| majjhimanikAya meM tRSNA ke lie zalya zabda kA prayoga huA hai aura sAdhaka ko usase mukta hone ke lie kahA gayA hai| AcArAMga ke zastraparijJA adhyayana meM indriya saMyama kI mahattA batAte hue kahA hai ki rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, zabda evaM sparza ajJAniyoM ke lie Avarta rUpa haiM aisA samajhakara vivekI unameM mUcchita nahIM hotA / yadi pramAda ke kAraNa pahale inakI ora jhukAva rahA ho to aisA nizcaya karanA cAhie ki maiM inase bacUMgA-inameM nahIM phasUMgA, pUrvavat AcaraNa nahIM kruuNgaa| majjhimanikAya2 meM pA~ca indriyoM kA varNana hai.-..cakSa, zrotra, ghrANa, jihvA aura kaay| ina pA~coM indriyoM kA pratizaraNa mana hai| mana inake viSaya kA anubhava karatA hai| pA~ca kAma guNa haiM-(1) cakSuvijJeya rUpa, (2) zrotavijJeya zabda, (2) ghrANavijJeya gaMdha, (4) jihvAvijJeya rasa, (5) kAyavijJeya sparza / ' sthAnAMga, bhagavatI Adi meM naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ina cAra gatiyoM kA varNana hai| majjhimanikAya meM pAMca gatiyA~ batAI haiN| naraka, tiryaga, pretyaviSaya, manuSya, devatA / jaina AgamoM meM pretyaviSaya aura devatA ko eka koTi meM mAnA hai / bhale hI nivAsasthAna kI dRSTi se do bheda kiye gaye hoM para gati kI dRSTi se ve donoM eka hI haiN| jaina Agama sAhitya meM naraka aura svarga meM jAne ke nimna kAraNa 1 majjhimanikAya 33115 2 majhimanikAya 13523 3 majjhimanikAya sh2|4 4 majjhimanikAya 112 / 2

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631 tulanAtmaka adhyayana batAye ' haiM: - mahArambha, mahAparigraha, madyamAMsa kA AhAra aura paMcendriya vadha ye naraka ke kAraNa haiN| sarAgasaMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, bAlatapopakarma aura akAma nirjarA ye svarga ke kAraNa haiN| majjhimanikAya meM bhI naraka aura svarga ke kAraNa batAye gaye haiM / ve ye haiM [ kAyika 3] hiMsaka, adinAdAyI (cora), kAma meM mithyAcArI; [ vAcika 4] mithyAvAdI, cugalakhora, paruSabhASI, pralApI; [mAnasika 3] abhiSyAlu, vyApannacitta, mithyAdRSTi / ina karmoM ko karane vAle naraka meM jAte haiM, isake viparIta kArya karane vAle svarga meM jAte haiM / jainadarzana kI sAdhanA paddhati kA parama aura carama lakSya mokSa rahA hai / mokSa kA artha hai Atma-guNoM kA pUrNa vikAsa, karma kI paratantratA se pUrNa rUpa se mukta honA / usameM zarIramukti, bandhanamukti aura kriyAmukti hotI hai / mokSa ke lie pApa kA pratyAkhyAna, indriya saMgopana, zarIra saMyama, vANI saMyama, mAnamAyA parihAra, Rddhi rasa aura sukha ke gaurava kA tyAga, upazama, ahiMsA, acaurya, satya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, kSamA, dhyAna, yoga aura kAyavyutsarga- ye akarma vIrya haiN| paNDita inake dvArA mokSa kA parivrAjaka banatA hai| nirvANa kisI kSetra vizeSa kA nAma nahIM hai apitu mukta AtmAe~ hI nirvANa haiM, ve lokAgra meM rahatI haiM ataH upacAra se use bhI nirvANa kahA jAtA hai| mukta jIva aloka se pratihata haiM, lokAnta meM pratiSThita haiM / " mukta jIva ke zarIra nahIM hotaa| mukta dazA meM AtmA kA kisI anya zakti meM vilaya nahIM hotaa| sabhI mukta jIvoM kI vikAsa sthiti samAna hotI hai aura unakI svatantra sattA hotI hai| mukta dazA meM AtmA saMpUrNa vaibhAvika, aupAdhika vizeSatAoM se mukta hotA hai, usakA punarArvatana nahIM hotA / majjhimanikAya meM nirvANamArga kA vistAra se varNana hai / " vahA~ 1 sthAnAMga 4|4|373 2 majjhimanikAya 11531 3 sUtrakRtAMga zAha 36 4 aupapAtikasUtra 5 majjhimanikAya 11334

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632 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA para nirvANa ko paramasukha kahA hai aura batAyA hai ki zIlavizuddhi tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki puruSa citta-vizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| cittavizuddhi tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki dRSTivizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotA / dRSTivizuddhi tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki kAMkSAvitaraNavizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| kAMkSAvitaraNavizuddhi taba taka hai jaba taka mArgAmArgajJAnadarzana vizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| mArgAmArgajJAnadarzanavizuddhi taba taka hai jaba taka ki pratipadjJAnadarzanavizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| pratipadjJAnadarzana vizuddhi taba taka hai jaba taka ki jJAnadarzanavizuddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| jJAnadarzanavizuddhi tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki upAdAna rahita parinirvANa ko prApta nahIM hotaa| ajAta-janmarahita, anuttara-sarvottama yogakSema (maMgalamaya) nirvANa kI paryeSaNA karatA hai| jaina aura bauddha donoM hI darzanoM meM nirvANa kI carcA hai| donoM ne nirvANa ke lie saccA vizvAsa, jJAna aura AcAra-vicAra ko pradhAnatA dI / hai para donoM meM mukhya antara yaha hai ki bauddha dRSTi se dravya sattA kA abhAva hI nirvANa hai jabaki jaina dRSTi se AtmA kI zuddha avasthA nirvANa hai| puggala-pudgala zabda kA prayoga jaina aura bauddha vAGamaya ke atirikta anyatra dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva tattva ke artha meM pudgala zabda kA prayoga huA hai| kintu jaina paramparA meM mukhya rUpa se pudgala varNa, gaMdha, rasa, saMsthAna aura sparza vAle rUpI jar3a padArtha ko kahA hai| bauddha paramparA meM pudgala kA artha AtmA aura jIva hai| vinaya' zabda kA prayoga bhI donoM hI paramparAoM meM milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana aura dazavakAlika sUtra aura jJAtAdharmakathA meM vinaya kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue vinaya ko dharma kA va jinazAsana kA mUla kahA hai| 1 majjhimanikAya 22335 2 majjhimanikAya 11314 3 majjhimanikAya 11316 4 magavatI caa3|1020312 5 majjhimanikAya 114 6 vinaya jinazAsana mUlo

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 633 bauddha sAhitya meM sampUrNa AcAradharma ke artha meM 'vinaya' zabda kA prayoga haA hai| vinaya-piTaka meM isI bAta kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| - jaina paramparA meM 'arihanta' siddha 'sAdhu' aura kevalI-prajJapta dharma ko 'zaraNa' mAnA hai| to bauddha paramparA meM buddha, saMgha aura dharma ko 'zaraNa' kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM cAra zaraNa haiM aura bauddha paramparA meM tIna zaraNa haiN| jaina paramparA meM tIrthakara, cakravartI, indra Adi puruSa hI hote haiN| malli bhagavatI, strIliMga meM tIrthakara huI thIM, para unheM dasa AzcaryoM meM se eka Azcarya mAnA gayA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM buddha ne bhI kahA ki 'bhikSa yaha tanika bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai ki strI arhata, cakravartI va zukra ho| . jaina Agama sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para yaha varNana hai ki bharata Adi eka hI kSetra meM, eka samaya meM eka sAtha do tIrthakara nahIM hote, tathAgata buddha ne bhI aMguttaranikAya meM isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hae likhA ki isameM kiJcit bhI tathya nahIM hai ki eka hI samaya meM do samyak ahaMta paidA hoN| zabda sAmya kI taraha ukti sAmya bhI donoM paramparAoM meM milatA hai| sAtha hI kucha kathAe~ bhI donoM paramparAoM meM eka sadaza milatI haiN| yahA~ taka ki vaidika aura videzI sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| udAharaNArtha-jJAtAdharmakathA kI sAtavIM cAvala ke pAMca dAne vAlI kathA kucha rUpAntara ke sAtha bauddhoM ke sarvAstivAda ke vinayavastu tathA bAibila' meM bhI prApta hotI hai| isI prakAra jinapAla aura jinarakSita' kI kahAnI bAlahassa jAtaka" va divyAvadAna meM nAmoM ke heraphera ke sAtha 1 arahante saraNaM pavajjAmi, siddha sararNa pavajjAmi, sAhU saraNaM pavajjAmi, kevalI paznatta' dhamma saraNaM pavajjAmi / -AvazyakasUtra 2 buddha saraNaM gacchAmi, saMgha saraNaM gacchAmi, dhamma saraNaM gacchAmi -aMguttaranikAya 3 sthAnAMga, ThANA 10 4 aMguttaranikAya 5 senTa meMthyU kI suvArtA 25; senTa lyUka kI suvArtA 19 6 jJAtAdharmakathA 8 7 bAlahassa jAtaka, pR0 186

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634 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA kahI gayI hai / uttarAdhyayana ke bArahaveM adhyayana harikezabala kI kathAvastu mAtaGga jAtaka meM milatI hai / " terahaveM adhyayana cittasambhUtara kI kathAvastu cittasambhUta jAtaka meM prApta hotI hai| caudahaveM adhyayana iSukAra kI kathA harithapAla jAtaka va mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva' meM upalabdha hotI hai / uttarAdhyayana ke nauveM adhyayana 'nami pravrajyA' kI AMzika tulanA mahAjana jAtaka tathA mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva se kI jA sakatI hai / isa prakAra mahAvIra ke kathA sAhitya kA anuzIlana - parizIlana karane se spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki ye kathAe~ AdikAla se hI eka sampradAya se dUsare sampradAya meM, eka deza se dUsare deza meM yAtrA karatI rahI haiN| kahAniyoM kI yaha vizva yAtrA unake zAzvata aura sundara rUpa kI sAkSI de rahI hai, jisa para sadA hI janamAnasa mugdha hotA rahA hai / uparyukta paMktiyoM meM saMkSepa meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa jaisA vistAra se cAhatA thA vaisA nahIM likha sakA tathApi jijJAsuoM ko isameM bahuta kucha jAnane ko milegA aura yaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana durAgraha aura saMkIrNa dRSTi ke nirasana meM sahAyaka hogA / upasaMhAra zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra eka virATa vyaktitva ke dhanI mahApuruSa the 1 ve mahAn krAntikArI the| unake jIvana meM satya, zIla, saundarya aura zakti kA aisA adbhuta samanvaya thA jo vizva ke anya mahApuruSoM meM eka sAtha dekhA nahIM jA sktaa| unakI dRSTi atyadhika painI thii| samAja meM panapatI huI Arthika viSamatA, vicAroM kI vividhatA aura kAmajanya vAsanA ke kAle kajarAle durdamanIya nAgoM ko unhoMne ahiMsA, satya, saMyama aura tapa ke gArur3I saMsparza se kIlakara samatA, sadbhAvanA va sneha kI sarasa saritA pravAhita kI / ajJAna andhakAra meM bhaTakatI huI mAnava prajJA ko 1 jAtaka (caturtha khaNDa ) 497, mAtaMga jAtaka, pR0 583-607 2 jAtaka (caturtha khaNDa) 468; cittasambhUta jAtaka, pR0 568-600 3 harithapAla jAtaka 506 4 zAntiparva, adhyAya 175, 277 mahAjana jAtaka 536 tathA sonaka jAtaka saM0 526 5. 6 mahAbhArata zAntiparva, a0 178 evaM 276

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 635 zuddha satya kI jyoti kA darzana kraayaa| yahI unake pravacanoM kA mukhya uddezya thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne jana-jana ke kalyANArtha usa yuga kI jana bolI ardhamAgadhI meM apane pAvana pravacana kiye aura apane kalyANakArI dRSTikoNa se jana-jIvana meM abhinava jAgRti kA saMcAra kiyaa| unake pavitra pravacana jo artharUpa meM the usakA saMkalana - Akalana gaNadharoM va sthaviroM ne sUtra rUpa meM kiyA / ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM saMkalita yaha AgamasAhitya viSaya kI dRSTi se, sAhitya kI dRSTi se va sAMskRtika dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / jaba bhArata ke uttara-pazcimI aura pUrva ke kucha aJcaloM meM brAhmaNa dharma kA prabhutva bar3ha rahA thA usa samaya jaina zramaNoM ne magadha aura usake nikaTavartI kSetroM meM paribhramaNa kara jainadharma kI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAI / yaha isa vizAla sAhitya ke adhyayana, cintana-manana se parijJAta hotA hai / isameM jaina zramaNoM ke utkRSTa AcAra-vicAra, vrata-niyama, siddhAnta, svamatasaMsthApana, paramata- nirasana, prabhRti aneka viSayoM para vistAra se vizleSaNa hai / vividha AkhyAna, caritra, upamA, rUpaka, dRSTAnta Adi ke dvArA viSaya ko atyanta sarala va sarasa banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH Agama sAhitya, jaina saMskRti, itihAsa, samAja aura dharma kA AdhAra staMbha hai| isake binA jainadharma kA sahI va sAMgopAMga paricaya nahIM prApta ho sktaa| yaha satya tathya hai ki vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa jaina-dharma ke siddhAntoM meM bhI parivartana-parivarddhana hote rahe haiM, para Agama sAhitya meM mUla dRSTi se koI antara nahIM AyA hai / Agama - sAhitya meM AI huI aneka bAteM paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa se vismRta hone lagIM / AgamoM ke gahana rahasya jaba vismRti ke aMcala meM chipane lage to pratibhAmUrti AcAryoM ne una rahasyoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie niyukti bhASya, cUrNi, TIkA, Adi vyAkhyA sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA / phalasvarUpa AgamoM ke vyAkhyA sAhitya ne atIta kAla se Ane vAlI aneka anuzrutiyoM, paramparAoM, aitihAsika aura ardha- aitihAsika kathAnakoM evaM dhArmika, AdhyAtmika va laukika kathAoM ke dvArA jaina sAhitya ke gurugaMbhIra rahasyoM ko prakaTa kiyaa| yaha sAhitya vyAkhyAtmaka hone para bhI jainadharma ke marma ko samajhane ke lie atIva upayogI hai| isameM jaina AcArazAstra ke vidhividhAnoM kI sUkSma carcA hai| hiMsA-ahiMsA, jinakalpa va sthavirakalpa kI fafar avasthAoM kA vizad vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| kriyAvAdI, akriyA

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636 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vAdI Adi 363 mata-matAntaroM kA ullekha hai / gaNadharavAda aura nihnavavAda -ye darzanazAstra kI vividha dRSTiyoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| AjIvika, tApasa, parivrAjaka, tatkSaNika aura boTika Adi mata-matAntaroM kA bhI vizleSaNa huA hai / mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryava aura kevalajJAna ke svarUpa para vistAra se cintana kara kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke bheda aura abheda kA yukti purassara vicAra hai / anumAna Adi pramANazAstra para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| karmavAda jainadarzana kA hRdaya hai| karma, karma kA svabhAva, karmasthiti, rAgAdi kI tIvratA se karmabaMdha, karma kA vaividhya, samudghAta, zaileSI avasthA, upazama aura kSapakazreNI para gaharAI se cintana kiyA gayA hai| dhyAna ke saMbaMdha meM bhI paryApta vivecana hai| kSiptacitta aura dIptacitta zramaNoM kI cikitsA kI manovaijJAnika vidhi pratipAdita kI gaI hai| sAtha hI kSiptacitta aura dIptacitta hone ke kAraNoM para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva mAnava-samAja ke Adya nirmAtA the| unake pavitracaritra ke mAdhyama se AhAra, zilpa, karma, lekhana, mAnadaNDa, ikSuzAstra, upAsanA, cikitsA, arthazAstra, yajJa, utsava, vivAha Adi aneka sAmAjika viSayoM para bhI carcA kI gaI hai| mAnava jAti ko sAta varNoM evaM nau varNAntaroM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| sArtha, sArthavAhoM ke prakAra, chaha prakAra kI Arya jAtiyA~, chaha prakAra ke Arya kula Adi samAjazAstra se sambandhita viSayoM para vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI grAma, nagara, kheDa, karvaTaka, maDamba, pattana, Akara, droNamukha, nigama aura rAjadhAnI kA svarUpa bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM kI rAjadhAnI Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| rAjA, yuvarAja, mahattara, amAtya, kumAra, niyatika, rUpayakSa, Adi ke svarUpa aura kAryoM para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI usa yuga kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA para prakAza DAlate hue ratna evaM dhAnya kI 24 jAtiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| jAMdhika Adi pAMca prakAra ke vastroM kA ullekha hai| 17 prakAra ke dhAnya bhaNDAroM kA varNana hai| daMDa, vidaMDa, lAThI, vilaTrI ke antara ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| kuNDala, guNa, maNi, tuDiya, tisariya, vAlaMbhA, palaMbA, hAra, ardhahAra, ekAvalI, kanakAvalI, muktAvalI, ratnAvalI, paTTa, mukuTa Adi usa yuga meM pracalita nAnA prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM ke svarUpa ko bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| udyAna gRha, niryANa gRha, aTTa-aTTAlaka, zUnya

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana 637 gRha, bhinnagRha, tRNagRha, gogRha Adi aneka prakAra ke gRhoM kA, koSThAgAra, bhAMDAgAra, pAnAgAra, kSINa gRha, gajazAlA, mAnasa zAlA Adi ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra AcArazAstra, darzanazAstra, samAjazAstra, nAgarikazAstra, manovijJAna Adi para Agama aura usameM vyAkhyA sAhitya meM pracura sAmagrI hai| Agama sAhitya kA viSaya kI dRSTi se hI nahIM kintu sAhityika dRSTi se bhI prabhUta mahatva hai / AgamoM meM vividha chaMdoM kA prayoga huA hai / utprekSA, rUpaka, upamA, zleSa, arthAntaranyAsa Adi alaMkAroM kA sundara prayoga huA hai| kahIM-kahIM para jIva ko pataGga, viSayoM ko dIpaka aura Asakti ko Aloka kI upamA pradAna kI hai| Agama sAhitya meM gadya aura padya kA mizraNa bhI pAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi gadya aura padya kA svatantra astitva hai, kintu ve donoM samAna rUpa se viSaya ko vikasita aura pallavita karate haiN| prastuta praNAlI hI Age calakara campU kAvya yA gadya-padyAtmaka kathA kAvya ke vikAsa kA mUla srota bnii| kathAoM ke vikAsa ke sampUrNa rUpa bhI Agama sAhitya meM milate haiN| vastu, pAtra, kathopakathana, caritra-citraNa, prabhRti tattva Agama va vyAkhyA sAhitya meM pAye jAte haiN| tarkapradhAna darzana zailI kA vikAsa bhI Agama sAhitya meM hai| jIvana aura jagata ke vividha anubhavoM kI jAnakArI kA yaha sAhitya anupama koza hai| digambarAcAryoM ne zvetAmbaroM ke AgamoM ko prAmANika nahIM maanaa| zvetAmbara dRSTi se kevala dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahavA~ aMga hI vicchinna huA jabaki digambara dRSTi se sampUrNa Agama sAhitya hI lupta ho gyaa| kevala dRSTivAda kA kucha aMza avazeSa rahA jisake AdhAra se SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA huI aura usI mUla AdhAra se anya aneka medhAvI AcAryoM ne una viSayoM para graMtha likhe / AtmA aura karma sambandhI gahana carcA ke kAraNa ye grantha bahuta hI jaTila ho gye| zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke samAna vividha viSayoM kI vizada carcAe~ digambara sAhitya meM nahIM hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara Agama ko samajhane ke lie donoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka hai| donoM hI paramparAoM meM aneka pratibhAsampanna jyotirdhara AcArya hue, jinhoMne Agama sAhitya ke eka-eka viSaya ko lekara vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| usa sAhitya meM una AcAryoM kA prakANDa pAMDitya aura anekAnta dRSTi spaSTa rUpa se jhalaka rahI hai / AvazyakatA hai usa virATa sAhitya

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638 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA ke adhyayana, cintana aura manana kii| yaha vaha AdhyAtmika sarasa bhojana hai jo kadApi bAsI nahIM ho sktaa| yaha jIvana dazana hai| prAcIna manISI ke zabdoM meM yadi yaha kahA jAya to atizayokti nahIM hogI ki 'yadihAsti tadanyatra, yannehAsti na tatkvacit' Agama sAhitya meM lokanIti, sAmAjika ziSTAcAra, anuzAsana, adhyAtma, vairAgya, itihAsa aura purANa, kathA aura tattvajJAna, sarala aura gahana, antara aura bAhya jagata sabhI kA gahana vizleSaNa hai jo apUrva hai, anUThA hai| jIvana ke sarvAMgINa adhyayana ke lie Agama sAhitya kA adhyayana Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya bhI hai| bhautika bhakti ke yuga meM pale-pose mAnavoM ke antarmAnasa meM jaina Agama sAhitya ke prati yadi ruci jAgrata huI to maiM apanA prayAsa pUrNa saphala smjhgaa| isI AzA ke sAtha lekhanI ko vizrAma detA hai|

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saptama khaNDa Agama sAhitya ke subhASita [] Agama sAhitya AgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya D cUrNi sAhitya digambara Agama grabhtha

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita. mahApuruSoM kI vANI meM adbhuta zakti va sAmarthya hotA hai / ve jisa viSaya ko sparza karate haiM usake tala taka pahu~cate haiM aura viSaya kA aisA vizleSaNa karate haiM ki zrotA maMtra-mugdha ho jAte haiN| unake upadeza pradAna karane kI chaTA nirAlI hotI hai jisameM gahana anubhUtiyoM kI chalanI meM se chanA huA vaha sAratatva hotA hai jisameM kucha bhI aMza pheMkane jaisA nahIM hotaa| sImita zabdoM meM asIma artha- garimA liye hue unake vicAra hote / sampUrNa Agama sAhitya meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vimala- vicAroM kA Aloka sarvatra jagamagA rahA hai jo deza, kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke saMkIrNa ghere meM Abaddha nahIM hai| usa virAT Agama va vyAkhyA sAhitya meM se kucha sugandhita sumana yahA~ para prastuta haiM, jinakI sumadhura saurabha jana-jana ke mana ko pramudita karane meM sakSama hai :-- Agama sAhitya AcArAMga (1) (2) (3) asthi me AyA uvavAie..... se AyAvAdI, loyAvAdI, kammAvAdI, kiriyAvAdI / 112 yaha merI bAtmA aupapAtika hai, karmAnusAra punarjanma grahaNa karatI hai.... AtmA ke great siddhAnta ko svIkAra karane vAlA hI vastutaH AtmabAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI evaM kriyAvAdI hai| esa khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu Narae // 11112 yaha Arambha (hiMsA) hI vastutaH grantha-bandhana hai, yahI moha hai, yahI mAramRtyu hai, aura yahI naraka hai / je patte guNaTThie, se hu daMDe tti payuccati / 11114. jo pramatta hai, viSayAsakta hai, vaha nizcaya hI jIvoM ko daNDa (pIr3A) dene vAlA hotA hai /

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642 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (4) je guNe se AvaTTe, je AvaTTe se guNe / 11115 jo kAma-guNa hai, indriyoM kA zabdAdi viSaya hai, vaha Avarta saMsAra-cakra hai aura jo AvataM hai, vaha kAma guNa hai| (5) AturA paritAveMti / 1 1 6 viSayAtura manuSya hI dUsare prANiyoM ko paritApa dete haiM / (6) vaoo acceti jovvaNaM ca / 11211 Ayu aura yauvana pratikSaNa bItA jA rahA hai| (7) vimutA hu te jaNA, je jaNA pAragAmiNo / 1122 jo sAdhaka kAmanAoM ko pAra kara gae haiM, vastutaH ve hI mukta puruSa haiN| (8) tamhA paMDie no harise, no kuppe / 1 2 3 AtmajJAnI sAdhaka ko U~cI yA nIcI kisI bhI sthiti meM na harSita honA cAhie, aura na kupita / (e) uddeso pAsagassa natthi / 1123 tattvadraSTA ko kisI ke upadeza kI apekSA nahIM hai / (10) natthi kAlassa NAgamo | 1|2| 3 mRtyu ke lie akAla --- vakta-bevakta jaisA kucha nahIM hai / (11) AsaM ca chaMdaM ca vigica dhIre ! tumaM caiva sallamAhaTTu / 11224 he dhIra puruSa ! AzA tRSNA aura svacchandatA kA tyAga kr| tU svayaM hI ina kIToM ko mana meM rakhakara dukhI ho rahA hai / (12) alaM kusalassa pAe / 122 // 4 buddhimAna sAdhaka ko apanI sAdhanA meM pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| (13) lAbhuttina majjijjA, alAbhutti na soijjA / 1215 prApta hone para garva na kare, na prApta hone para zoka na kare / (14) kAmA duratikkammA / 12225 kAmanAoM kA pAra pAnA bahuta kaThina hai / (15) esa vIre pasaMsie, je baddha paDimoyae / 125 vahI vIra prazaMsita hotA hai, jo apane ko tathA dUsaroM ko dAsatA ke bandhana se mukta karAtA hai / (16) veraM vaDDhei appaNI | 11225 viSayAtura manuSya, apane bhogoM ke lie saMsAra meM vaira bar3hAtA rahatA hai / ( 17 ) alaM bAlassa saMge NaM / 11225 bAla jIva (ajJAnI) kA saMga nahIM karanA cAhie /

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita (20) (18) pAvaM kamma neva kujjA, na kAravejjA / 1 / 2 / 6 pApakarma (asatkarma) na svayaM kare, na dUsaroM se krvaae| (19) jahA puNNassa katthai, tahA tucchassa katthaI / jaha tucchassa katthai, tahA puNNassa katthai / 2 / 6 niHspRha upadezaka jisa prakAra puNyavAna (saMpanna vyakti) ko upadeza detA hai, usI prakAra tuccha (dIna-daridra vyakti) ko bhI upadeza detA hai aura jisa prakAra tuccha ko upadeza detA hai, usI prakAra puNyavAna ko upadeza detA hai arthAt donoM ke prati eka jaisA bhAva rakhatA hai| mAI pamAI puNa ei gabhaM / 1331 mAyAvI aura pramAdI bAra-bAra garbha meM avatarita hotA hai, janma-maraNa karatA hai| (21) kammuNA uvAhI jAyai / 12331 karma se hI samagra upAdhiyA~-vikRtiyAM paidA hotI haiN| (22) kammamUlaM ca jaM chaNaM / za31 karma kA mUla kSaNa arthAt hiMsA hai| (23) sammattadaMsI na karei pAvaM / 1232 samyagdarzI sAdhaka pApakarma nahIM krtaa| AyaMkadaMsI na karei pAvaM / 1032 jo saMsAra ke duHkhoM kA ThIka taraha darzana kara letA hai, vaha kabhI pApa karma nahIM karatA hai| (25) saccami dhiI kuvaha / 103 / 2 satya meM dhRti kara, satya meM sthira ho / (26) purisA ! tumameva tumaM mittaM, kiM bahiyA mittamicchasi ? 133 mAnava ! tU svayaM hI apanA mitra hai| tU bAhara meM kyoM kisI mitra (sahAyaka) kI khoja kara rahA hai? (27) purisA! saccameva samabhijANAhi / 133 he mAnava ! eka mAtra satya ko hI acchI taraha jAna le, parakha le| (28) saccassa ANAe uvaTThie mehAvI mAraM tarai / 1 / 33 jo medhAvI sAdhaka satya kI AjJA meM upasthita rahatA hai, vaha mAra-mRtyu ke pravAha ko taira jAtA hai| je egaM jANai, se savvaM jaanni| je savvaM jANai, se egaM jANai // 134 jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha saba ko jAnatA hai| aura jo saba ko jAnatA hai, vaha eka ko jAnatA hai| (24)

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2 . 644 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (jisa prakAra samagra vizva ananta hai, usI prakAra eka choTe-se-choTA padArya bhI ananta hai, ananta guNa-paryAya vAlA hai, ata: anaMtazAnI hI eka aura sabakA pUrNa jJAna kara sakatA hai|) savvao pamattassa bhayaM, savvao apamattassa ! natthi bhayaM / 1234 pramatta ko saba ora bhaya rahatA hai| apramatta ko kisI ora bhI bhaya nahIM hai / (31) je ega nAme, se bahuM nAme / 1234 jo eka apane ko namA letA hai-jIta letA hai, vaha samagra saMsAra ko namA letA hai-jIta letA hai| na logassesaNaM cre| jassa natthi imA jAI, aNNA tassa ko siyA? 1141 lokaiSaNA se mukta rahanA caahie| jisako yaha lokaSaNA nahIM hai, usako anya pApa-pravRttiyA~ kaise ho sakatI haiM ? je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te aasvaa| je aNAsavA te aparissavA, je aparissavA te aNAsavA / 1 / 4 / 2 jo bandhana ke hetu haiM, ve hI kabhI mokSa ke hetu bhI ho sakate haiM, aura jo mokSa ke hetu haiM, ve hI kamI bandhana ke hetu bhI ho sakate haiN| jo vrata upavAsa Adi saMvara ke hetu haiM, ve kabhI-kabhI saMvara ke hetu nahIM bhI ho sakate haiN| aura jo Asrava ke hetu haiM, ve kabhI-kamI Asrava ke hetu nahIM bhI ho sakate haiN| (tAtparya hai Asrava aura saMvara Adi saba mUlataH sAdhaka ke antaraMga bhAvoM para AdhArita haiN|) (34) egamappANaM saMpehAe dhuNe sarIragaM / 143 AtmA ko zarIra se pRthak jAnakara bhogalipta zarIra ko dhuna ddaalo| kasehi appANaM, jarehi appaannN| 243 apane ko kRza karo, tana-mana ko halkA kro| apane ko jIrNa karo, bhogavRtti ko jarjara kro| (36) je chee se sAgAriyaM na sevei / 1251 jo kuzala haiM, ve kAma-mogoM kA sevana nahIM krte| (37) uThThie no pmaaye| 12 jo kartavyapatha para uTha khar3A huA hai, use phira pramAda nahIM karanA cAhie / (38) bandhappamokkho ajjhattheva / 122 vastutaH bandhana aura mokSa andara meM hI hai| (35)

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita (36) no ninhavejja vIriyaM / 123 - apanI yogya zakti ko kabhI chupAnA nahIM caahie| (40) imeNa ceva jujjhAhi, ki te jujjheNa bjjho| 1153 apane antara (ke vikAroM) se hI yuddha kr| bAhara ke yuddha se tujhe kyA milegA? (41) vitigicchAsamAvanneNaM appANeNaM no lahaI samAhi / 1515 zaMkAzIla vyakti ko kabhI samAdhi nahIM miltii| (42) je AyA se vinAyA, je vinAyA se aayaa| jeNa viyANai se AyA, taM paDucca paDisaMkhAe / 1155 jo AtmA hai, vaha vijJAtA hai| jo vijJAtA hai, vaha AtmA hai| jisase jAnA jAtA hai, vaha AtmA hai| jAnane kI isa zakti se hI AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai| (43) no attANaM AsAejjA, no para AsAejjA / 1265 na apanI avahelanA karo, aura na dUsaroM kii| (44) samiyAe dhamme AriehiM pveie|shmaa Arya mahApuruSoM ne samabhAva meM dharma kahA hai| (45) no bayaNaM pharusaM vaijjA / za6 kaThora-kaTavacana na bole| sUtrakRtAMga (46) bujjhijjatti tiuTrijjA, baMdhaNaM prijaanniyaa| zaza01 . sarvaprathama bandhana ko samajho, aura samajhakara phira use todd'o| (47) no ya uppajjae asaM / zazaza16 asat kabhI sat nahIM hotaa| (48) appaNo ya paraM nAlaM, kuto annaannsaasiuN| zAsa17 jo apane para anuzAsana nahIM rakha sakatA, vaha dUsaroM para anuzAsana kaise kara sakatA hai? (46) sayaM sayaM pasaMsaMtA, garahaMtA paraM vayaM / je u tattha viussanti, saMsAraM te viussiyaa| 12122223 jo apane mata kI prazaMsA, aura dUsaroM ke mata kI nindA karane meM hI apanA pAMDitya dikhAte haiM, ve ekAntavAdI saMsAra-cakra meM bhaTakate hI rahate haiN| (50) eyaM khu nANiNo sAraM, jana hiMsai kiMcaNa / ahiMsA samayaM ceva, etAvantaM viyANiyA // 214110

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646 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai ki kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kare / ahiMsAmUlaka samatA hI dharma kA sAra hai, basa itanI bAta sadaiva dhyAna meM rakhanI caahie| (51) saMbujjhaha, kiM na bujjhaha ? saMbohI khalu pecca' dullhaa| jo hUvaNamaMti rAiyo, no sulabhaM punarAvi jIviyaM // 1222121 abhI isI jIvana meM samajho, kyoM nahIM samajha rahe ho? marane ke bAda paraloka meM saMbodhi kA milanA kaThina hai| jaise bItI huI rAteM phira lauTakara nahIM AtIM, usI prakAra manuSya kA gujarA huA jIvana phira hAya nahIM aataa| (52) sayameva kaDehiM gAhai, no tassa muccejjapuThThayaM / 1014 AtmA apane svayaM ke karmoM se hI bandhana meM par3atA hai| kRtakarmoM ko bhoge binA mukti nahIM hai| (53) aha'seyakarI annesi iNkhinnii| shraa2|16 dUsaroM kI nimdA hitakara nahIM hai| (54) bAle pApehi mijjtii| za222221 ajJAnI AtmA pApa karake bhI usa para ahaMkAra karatA hai| (55) attahiyaM khu duheNa labbhaI / 12 / 2 / 30 Atmahita kA avasara kaThinAI se milatA hai| (56) adakkhu kAmAi rogavaM / 10262 sacce sAdhaka kI dRSTi meM kAma-bhoga roga ke samAna haiN| (57) jehiM kAle parakkaMtaM, na pacchA paritappae / 12345 / jo samaya para apanA kArya kara lete haiM, ve bAda meM pachatAte nhiiN| (58) jahA kaDaM kamma, tahAsi bhaare| 1zaza26 jaisA kiyA huA karma, vaisA hI usakA bhoga / dANANa seThaM abhayappayANaM / 1 / 6 / 23 abhayadAna hI sarvazreSTha dAna hai| (60) tayesu vA uttamaM baMbhaceraM / 1623 tapoM meM sarvottama tapa hai-brahmacarya / (61) saccesu vA aNavajja vayaMti / 1 / 6 / 23 satya vacanoM meM bhI anavadya satya (hiMsA-rahita satya vacana) zreSTha hai / sakammuNA vipariyAsuvei / 12711 pratyeka prANI apane hI kRtakarmoM se kaSTa pAtA hai| (59) (62

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita (63) no pUyaNaM tavasA aavhejjaa| 17127 tapa ke dvArA pUjA pratiSThA kI abhilASA nahIM karanI caahie| (64) dukkheNa puDhe dhuyamAyaejjA / 17 / 26 duHkha A jAne para bhI mana para saMyama rakhanA caahie| (65) pamAyaM kammamAhaMsu, appamAyaM tahAvaraM / zA3 pramAda ko karma-Asrava aura apramAda ko akarma-saMvara kahA hai| (66) pAvogahA hi AraMbhA, dukkhaphAsA ya aNtso| zA7 pApAnuSThAna antataH duHkha hI dete haiN| (67) jahA kumme saaMgAI, sae dehe smaahre| evaM pAvAI mehAvI, ajjhappeNaM samAhare ||shaa16 kachuA jisa prakAra apane aMgoM ko andara meM sameTa kara khatare se bAhara ho jAtA hai| vaise hI sAdhaka bhI adhyAtma yoga ke dvArA antarmukha hokara apane ko pApa-vRttiyoM se surakSita rkhe| (68) appapiNDAsi pANAsi, appaM bhAsejja suvve| zA25 suvratI sAdhaka kama khAye, kama pIye aura kama bole / jhANAjogaM samAhaTu, kAyaM viusejja savvaso zA26 dhyAnayoga kA avalambana kara dehabhAva kA sarvatobhAvena visarjana karanA caahie| (70) aNuciMtiya viyaagre| zA25 jo kucha bole-pahale vicAra kara bole / (71) jaM channaM taM na vattavvaM / 1926 kisI kI koI gopanIya jaisI bAta ho, to nahIM kahanA caahie| (72) NativelaM hase munnii| zahA29 maryAdA se adhika nahIM ha~sanA caahie| (73) buccamANo na saMjale / 1931 sAdhaka ko koI durvacana kahe, to bhI vaha usa para garama na ho, krodha na kre| (74) bAlajaNo pagabbhaI / 12122 abhimAna karanA ajJAnI kA lakSaNa hai| (75) na virujjhejja keNa vi / 1 / 11 / 12 kisI ke bhI sAtha vaira virodha na kro|

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646 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (76) AhaMsu vijjAcaraNaM pamokkhaM / 1012 / 11 zAna aura karma (vidyA evaM caraNa) se hI mokSa prApta hotA hai| (77) saMtosiNo nopakareMti pAvaM / 1 / 12 / 15 saMtoSI sAdhaka kabhI koI pApa nahIM krte| (78) annaM jaNaM khisaI baalpnne| 113 / 14 jo apanI prajJA ke ahaMkAra meM dUsaroM ko avajJA karatA hai, vaha mUrkha buddhi (bAlaprajJa) hai| (76) na yAvi panne parihAsa kujjA / / 14 / 16 buddhimAna kisI kA upahAsa nahIM krtaa| (80) vibhajjavAyaM ca viyAgarejjA / / 14 / 22 vicArazIla puruSa sadA vibhajyavAda arthAt syAdvAda se yukta vacana kA *... prayoga kre| (81) nAivelaM vaejjA / / 14 / 25 sAdhaka AvazyakatA se adhika na bole / (82) anno jIvo, annaM sarIraM / 2016 AtmA aura hai, zarIra aura hai| (83) patteyaM jAyati patteyaM marai / 21013 hara prANI akelA janma letA hai, akelA maratA hai| (54) dhammeNaM ceva vitti kappemANA viharati / 2 / 2 / 38 sadgRhastha dharmAnukUla hI AjIvikA karate haiN| (85) adakkhu, va dakkhuvAhiyaM saddahasu / 2 / 3 / 11 nahIM dekhane vAlo ! tuma dekhane vAloM kI bAta para vizvAsa karake clo| : sthAnAMga. (86) egA ahammapaDimA, jaM se AyA parikilesati / 111138 ___eka adharma hI aisI vikRti hai, jisase AtmA kleza pAtA hai| (87) egA dhammapaDimA, jaM se AyA pajjavajAe / 121140 ___eka dharma hI aisA pavitra anuSThAna hai, jisase AtmA kI vizuddhi hotI hai| kiM bhayA pANA? dukkhabhayA paannaa| dukkhe keNa kaDe ? jIveNaM kaDe pamAeNaM / 32 prANI kisase bhaya pAte haiM ? duHkha se| duHkha kisane kiyA hai? svayaM AtmA ne, apanI hI bhUla se|

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 646 (89) caubvihe saMjame maNasaMjame, baisaMjame, kAyasaMjame, uvagaraNa saMjame / 412 saMyama ke cAra prakAra haiM-mana kA saMyama, vacana kA saMyama, zarIra kA saMyama aura upadhi-sAmagrI kA saMyama / (90) cattAri avAyaNijjA aviNIe, vigaipaDibaddha, aviositapADe, maaii|4|3 cAra vyakti zAstrAdhyayana ke yogya nahIM hai-avinIta, ghaTorA, jhagar3AlU aura dhUrta / moharie saccavayaNassa palimathU / 6 / 3 vAcAlatA satya vacana kA vidhAta karatI hai| (92) icchAlobhite muttimaggassa palimaMthU / 6 / 3 loma muktimArga kA bAdhaka hai| (13) gilANassa agilAe veyaavcckrnnyaae| abbhUTheyavvaM bhavati / rogI kI sevA ke lie sadA tatpara rahanA cAhie / No pANabhoyaNassa atimattaM AhArae sayA bhavaI / / brahmacArI ko kabhI bhI adhika mAtrA meM bhojana nahIM karanA caahie| (95) no silogANuvAI, no sAtasokkhapaDibaddhe yAvi bhvii| sAdhaka kamI bhI yaza, prazaMsA aura daihika sukhoM ke pIche pAgala na bane / bhagavatI (96) iha bhavie vi nANe parabhavie vi nANe, . tadubhayabhavie vi nANe / 1 . jJAna kA prakAza isa janma meM rahatA hai, para-jamma meM rahatA hai, aura kabhI donoM janmoM meM bhI rahatA hai| (97) appaNA ceva udIrei, appaNA ceva garahai, appaNA ceva saMvarai / / 3 / / AtmA svayaM apane dvArA hI karmoM kI udIraNA karatA hai, svayaM apane dvArA hI unakI gahA-AlocanA karatA hai, aura apane dvArA hI karmoM kA saMvara-Asrava kA nirodha karatA hai| (18) AyA Ne ajjo / sAmAie, AyANe ajjo! sAmAiyassa aTTa / zara

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65. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA he Arya ! AtmA hI sAmAyika (samatvamAva) hai, aura AtmA hI sAmAyika kA artha (vizuddhi) hai| (isa prakAra guNa-guNI meM bheda nahIM, abheda hai|) (EC) jIvA No vaDDhaMti, No hAyaMti, avaThThiyA / 58 jIva na bar3hate haiM, na ghaTate haiM, kintu sadA avasthita rahate haiN| (100) samAhikArae NaM tameva samAhiM paDilabbhaI / 7.1 samAdhi (sukha) dene vAlA samAdhi pAtA hai| (101) hathissa ya kuMthussa ya same ceva jIve / 78 AtmA kI dRSTi se hAthI aura kuMthuA-donoM meM AtmA eka samAna hai| (102) ega annayaraM tasaM pANaM haNamANe aNege jIve haNai / / 34 eka trasa jIva kI hiMsA karatA huA AtmA tatsaMbaMdhita aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai| (103) atthegaiyANaM jIvANaM suttattaM sAhU, atthegaiyANaM jIvANaM jAgariyattaM sAhU / 122 adhArmika AtmAoM kA sote rahanA acchA hai aura dharmaniSTha AtmAoM kA jAgate rhnaa| (104) natthi keI paramANapoggalamette vi paese, jattha NaM ayaM jIve na jAe vA, na mae vA vi / 127 isa virAT vizva meM paramANu jitanA bhI aisA koI pradeza nahIM hai / jahA~ yaha jIva na jammA ho, na marA ho| (105) jIvANaM ceyakaDA kammA kajjati, no aceyakaDA kammA kajjati / 1602 AtmAoM ke karma cetanAkRta hote haiM, acetanAkRta nhiiN| (106) attakaDe dukkhe, no parakaDe / 175 AtmA kA duHkha svakRta hai, apanA kiyA huA hai, parakRta arthAt kisI anya kA kiyA huA nahIM hai| praznavyAkaraNa (107) na ya avedayittA asthi hu mokkho| 101 hiMsA ke kaTuphala ko bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hai|

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 651 (108) pANavaho caMDo, ruddo, khuddo, aNAriyo, nigdhiNo, nisaMso, mahabbhayo" 111 prANavadha (hiMsA) caNDa hai, raudra hai, kSudra hai, anArya hai, karuNA-rahita hai, krUra hai, mahAbhayaMkara hai| (106) uvaNamaMti maraNAdhamma avittattA kAmANaM / 114 acche se acche sukhopabhoga karane vAle devatA aura cakravartI Adi bhI anta meM kAmabhogoM se atRpta hI mRtyu ko prApta hote haiN| (110) devA vi saiMdagA na titti na turdvi uvalabhaMti / 115 . devatA aura indra bhI na (bhogoM se) kabhI tupta hote haiM aura na saMtuSTa / (111) natthi eriso pAso paDibaMdho asthi savvajIvANaM svvloe| 125 samUce saMsAra meM parigraha ke samAna prANiyoM ke lie dUsarA koI jAla evaM bandhana nahIM hai| (112) ahiMsA tasa-thAvara-sabvabhUya khemaMkarI / 21 ahiMsA, asa aura sthAvara (cara-acara) saba prANiyoM kA kuzala-kSema karane vAlI hai| (113) sabvapANA na hIliyabvA, na nidiyavvA / 2 / 1 vizva ke kisI bhI prANI kI na avahelanA karanI cAhie, aura na nindA / (114) bhagavatI ahiMsA bhIyANaM viva saraNaM / 1 jaise bhayAkrAnta ke lie zaraNa kI prApti hitakara hai| prANiyoM ke lie vaise hI, apitu isase bhI viziSTatara bhagavatI ahiMsA hitakara hai| (115) taM saccaM bhagavaM / 22 satya hI bhagavAna hai| (116) saccaM 'logammi sArabhUyaM gaMbhIrataraM mahAsamuhAo 22 saMsAra meM 'satya' hI sAra bhUta hai| satya mahAsamudra se bhI adhika gaMbhIra hai| (117) saccaM ca hiyaM ca miyaM ca gAhaNaM ca / 212 aisA satya vacana bolanA cAhie jo hita, mita aura grAhya ho| (118) luddho lolo bhaNejja aliyaM / 22 manuSya lobhagrasta hokara jhUTha bolatA hai| (119) bhIto abitijjao mnnusso| 22 bhayabhIta manuSya kisI kA sahAyaka nahIM ho sktaa|

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652 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (120) bhIto bhUtehiM ghippi| za2 bhayAkula vyakti hI bhUtoM kA zikAra hotA hai| (121) aNannaviya geNhiyavvaM / 23 dUsare kI koI bhI cIja ho, AzA lekara grahaNa karanI caahie| (122) ege carejja dhamma / / 3 * * bhale hI koI sAtha na de, akele hI saddharma kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| (123) viNao vi tavo, tavo pi dhammo / 13 vinaya svayaM eka tapa hai, aura vaha AbhyaMtara tapa hone se zreSTha dharma hai| (124) baMbhaceraM uttamatava-niyama-NANa-dasaNa-caritta-sammatta-viNayamUlaM / 2 / 4 brahmacarya uttama tapa, niyama, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, samyaksva aura vinaya kA mUla hai| (125) dANANaM ceva abhydaannN|2|4 saba dAnoM meM 'abhayavAna' zreSTha hai| (126) sa eva bhikkhU, jo suddhacarati baMbhaceraM / 2 / 4 jo zuddha bhAva se brahmacarya pAlana karatA hai, vastutaH vahI mina hai| (127) same ya je savvapANabhUtesu se hu samaNe / 215 jo samasta prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai, vastutaH vahI zramaNa hai| vazavakAlika (128) dhammo maMgala mukkiTTha ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA vi taM namasaMti, jassa dhamme sayA mnno| 101 dharma zreSTha maMgala hai| ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa-dharma ke tIna rUpa haiN| jisakA. mana (vizvAsa) dharma meM sthira hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN| (129) acchaMdA je na bhuMjaMti, na se cAitti buccai / 22 jo parAdhInatA ke kAraNa viSayoM kA upabhoga nahIM kara pAte, unheM tyAgI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (130) kAme kamAhI kamiyaM khu dukkhaM / 215 kAmanAoM ko dUra karanA hI duHkhoM ko dUra karanA hai| (131) vaMtaM icchasi Aveu, seyaM te maraNaM bhave / 227 bamana kie hue (tyakta viSayoM) ko phira se pInA (pAnA cAhate ho ? isase to tumhArA mara jAnA acchA hai|

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 653 (132) jayaM care jayaM ciTTe, jayamAse jayaM se| jayaM bhujato bhAsaMto, pAvaM kammaM na bandhai / / 418 . calanA, khar3A honA, baiThanA, sonA, bhojana karanA aura bolanA Adi pravRttiyAM yatanApUrvaka karate hue sAdhaka ko pApakarma kA bandha nahIM hotaa| (133) paDhamaM nANaM tao dyaa| 4 / 10 pahale jJAna honA cAhie aura phira tadanusAra dayA arthAt aacrnn| .. (134) jaM seyaM taM samAyare / 4 / 11 jo zreya (hitakara) ho, usI kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| (135) davadavassa na gacchejjA / / 014 mArga meM jaldI-jaldI nahIM calanA caahie| (136) hasaMto nAbhigacchejjA / 5 / 1 / 14 / mArga meM haMsate hue nahIM calanA caahie| (137) saMkilesakaraM ThANaM, dUrao privjje| 2016 jahA~ bhI kahIM kleza kI saMbhAvanA ho, usa sthAna se dUra rahanA caahie| (138) mahadhayaM va bhuMjijja saMjae / 197 sarasa yA nIrasa-jaisA bhI thAhAra mile, sAdhaka use 'madhuSuta' kI taraha prasannatApUrvaka khaae| (139) kAle kAlaM smaayre| / / 2 / 4 jisa kAla (samaya) meM jo kArya karane kA ho, usa kAla meM vahI kArya karanA caahie| (140) aNumAyaM pi mehAvI, mAyAmosaM vivajjae / 2051 Atmavid sAdhaka aNumAtra bhI mAyA bhUSA (daMma aura asatya) kA sevana na kre| (141) ahiMsA niuNA diTThA, savvabhUesu saMjamo / 66 / saba prANiyoM ke prati svayaM ko saMyata rakhanA-yahI ahiMsA kA pUrNa darzana hai| (142) savve jIvA vi icchanti, jIviuM na mrijjiuN|6|11 samasta prANI sukhapUrvaka jInA cAhate haiM; maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| (143) musAvAo u logammi, sabbasAhUhi grhio| 6 / 13 / / vizva ke sabhI satpuruSoM ne mRSAvAda (asatya) kI nindA kI hai| (144) mucchA pariggaho butto| 621 mUrchA ko hI vastutaH parigraha kahA hai|

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654 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (145) avi appaNo vi dehami, nAyaraMti mamAiyaM / 6 / 22 akiMcana muni, aura to kyA, apane deha para bhI mamatva nahIM rkhte| (146) miyaM adu- aNuvIi bhAsae, sayANa majjhe lahaI pasaMsaNaM / 755 jo vicArapUrvaka sundara aura parimita zabda bolatA hai, sajjanoM meM prazaMsA pAtA hai| (147) appamatto jaye niccaM / 816 sadA apramatta bhAva se sAdhanA meM yatnazIla rahanA caahie| (148) bahuM suNehiM kannehiM, bahuM acchIhiM picchi| na ya diLeM suyaM savvaM bhikkhU akkhAumarihAi / bA20 bhika (muni) kAnoM se bahuta sI bAteM sunatA hai, A~khoM se bahuta sI bAteM dekhatA hai| kintu dekhI-sunI sabhI bAteM (logoM meM) kahanA ucita nahIM hai| (146) dehadukkhaM mahAphalaM / 827 zArIrika kaSToM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahane se mahAphala kI prApti hotI hai| (150) bIyaM taM na samAyare / 8.31 eka bAra bhUla hone para dubArA usakI AvRtti na kre| (151) jarA jAva na pIDei, vAhI jAva na vaDDhai / jAvidiyA na hAyaMti, tAvadhamma samAyare / / 836 jaba taka bur3hApA mAtA nahIM hai| jaba taka vyAdhiyoM kA jora bar3hatA nahIM hai, jaba taka indriyA~ (karma karane kI zakti) kSINa nahIM hotI hai, tabhI taka buddhimAna ko, jo bhI dharmAcaraNa karanA ho, kara lenA caahie| (152) koho pII paNAsei, mANo vinnynaasnno| mAyA mittANi nAsei, lobho savva vinnaasnno||8|38 krodha prIti kA nAza karatA hai, mAna vinaya kA, mAyA maitrI kA aura lobha sabhI sadguNoM kA vinAza kara DAlatA hai| (153) uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM maddavayA jinne| mAya majjavabhAveNa, lobhaM saMtosao jinne|||36 krodha ko zAnti se, mAna ko mRdutA-namratA se, mAyA ko RjutA-saralatA se aura loma ko saMtoSa se jItanA caahie| (154) rAiNiesu viNayaM pauje / 841 bar3oM (pUjyanIyoM) ke sAtha vinayapUrNa vyavahAra kro| (155) apucchio na bhAsejjA, bhAsamANassa antraa|8|47 binA pUche vyartha hI kisI ke bIca meM nahIM bolanA caahie|

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Agama sAhitya ke sumASita 655 (156) piTThimaMsaM na khAijjA / 847 kisI kI cugalI khAnA-pITha kA mAMsa nocane ke samAna hai, ataH kisI kI pITha pIche cugalI nahIM khAnA caahie| (157) kujjA sAhUhi saMthavaM / 8 / 53 hamezA sAdhujanoM ke sAtha hI saMstava-saMpakaM rakhanA caahie| (158) na yA vi mokkho guruhiilnnaae| 6 / 117 gurujanoM kI avahelanA karane vAlA kabhI baMdhanamukta nahIM ho sktaa| (156) jassaMtie dhammapayAI sikkhe, tassaMtie veNaiyaM pauMje / 6 / 1 / 12 jinake pAsa dharmapada-dharma kI zikSA le, unake prati sadA vinaya bhAva rakhanA caahie| (160) evaM dhammassa viNao mUlaM paramo yase mokkho / 6 / 2 dharma kA mUla vinaya hai aura mokSa usakA antima phala hai| (161) asaMvibhAgI na hu tassa mokkho / 6 / 223 jo saMvibhAgI nahIM hai, arthAt prApta sAmagrI ko sAthiyoM meM bA~TatA nahIM hai, usakI mukti nahIM hotii| (162) jo chaMdamArAyaI sa pujjo| 6 / 31 jo gurujanoM kI bhAvanAoM kA Adara karatA hai, vahI ziSya pUjya hotA hai| (163) aladdhayaM no paridevaijjA laddhaM na vikatthayaI sa pujjo||34 jo lAma (prApti) na hone para khinna nahIM hotA hai, aura lAbha (prApti) hone para apanI bar3hAI nahIM hA~katA hai, vahI pUjya hai / (164) na ya buggahiyaM kahaM kahijjA / 10 / 10 vigraha bar3hAne vAlI bAta nahIM karanI caahie| (165) puDhavisamo muNI havejjA / 10.13 muni ko pRthvI ke samAna kSamAzIla honI caahie| (166) saMbhinnavattassa ya hiTThimA gii|-cuulikaa 114 vrata se bhraSTa hone vAle kI adhogati hotI hai / (167) caijja dehaM, na hu dhmmsaasnnN|-cuulikaa 1217 deha ko (Avazyaka hone para) male hI chor3a do, kintu apane dharma zAsana ko mata chodd'o| (168) aNusoo saMsAro, paDisoo tassa uttaaro|-cuulikaa 23 anusrota-arthAt viSayAsakta rahanA, saMsAra hai / pratisrota-arthAt viSayoM se virakta rahanA, saMsAra-sAgara se pAra honA hai|

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656 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (169) appA hu khalu sayayaM rkkhiavvo| -cUlikA 2616 . ' 'apanI AtmA ko satata pApoM se bacAye rakhanA caahie| uttarAdhyayana (170) aTThajuttANi sikkhijjA, niraTThANi u vajjae / 108 arthayukta (sArabhUta) bAteM hI grahaNa karanI cAhie aura nirarthaka bAteM chor3a denI caahie| (171) aNusAsio na kuppijjA / za6 gurujanoM ke anuzAsana se kupita-kSubdha nahIM honA caahie| (172) khuDDehiM saha saMsaggiM, hAsaM kIDaM ca vjje| 16 kSudra logoM ke sAtha samparka, haMsI-majAka, krIr3A Adi nahIM karanA caahie| (173) bahuyaM mA ya Alave / 1010 bahuta nahIM bolanA cAhie / (174) nApuTTho vAgare kiMci, puTTho vA nAliyaM vae / 1 / 14 binA pUche bIca meM kucha nahIM bolanA cAhie, pUchane para bhI asatya na bole / (175) appANaM pina kovae / 1140 apane Apa para bhI kabhI krodha mata kro| (176) na siyA tottgvese| 1140 .... dUsaroM ke chalachidra nahIM dekhanA caahie| (177) naccA namai mehAvI / 1145 buddhimAn zAna prApta karake namra ho jAtA hai| (178) mAinne asaNapANassa / 23 sAdhaka ko khAne-pIne kI mAtrA-maryAdA kA jJAna honA caahie| (176) adINamaNaso care / 23 . saMsAra meM adInabhAva se rahanA caahie| (180) sariso hoi bAlANaM / 2 / 4 . bure ke sAtha burA honA, bacakAnApana (ajJAnatA) hai| (181) natthi jIvassa nAso tti / 2227 AtmA kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| .(182) saddhA prmdullhaa| 3 .. . .... dharma meM zraddhA honA parama durlabha hai| .. ..

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita (183) sohI ujjuabhUyassa, dhammo suddhassa ciTThaI / 3 / 12 Rju arthAt sarala AtmA kI vizuddhi hotI hai aura vizuddha AtmA meM hI dharma ThaharatA hai / (184) verANubaddhA narayaM uveMti / 4 / 2 jo vaira kI paramparA ko lambA kiye rahate haiM, ve naraka ko prApta hote haiM / (185) kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi / 413 kRta karmoM kA phala bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hai / (186) sakammuNA kiccai pAvakArI | 4 | 3 pApAtmA apane hI karmoM se pIr3ita hotA hai / (187) vitteNa tANaM na labhe patte imammi loe aduvA paratthA | 4|5 pramata manuSya dhana ke dvArA apanI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA, na isa loka meM aura na paraloka meM / (188) ghorA muhuttA abalaM sarIraM bhAraMDapakkhI va care'ppamatte / 4 / 6 samaya bar3A bhayaMkara hai, aura idhara pratikSaNa jIrNa-zIrNa hotA huA zarIra hai | ataH sAdhaka ko sadA apramatta hokara bhAraMDa pakSI ( satata satarka rahane vAlA eka paurANika pakSI) kI taraha vicaraNa karanA caahie| (189) appaNA saccamesejjA / 612 apanI svayaM kI AtmA ke dvArA satya kA anusaMdhAna karo / (160) meti bhUesu kappae / 6 / 2 657 samasta prANiyoM para mitratA kA bhAva rakho / (191) na cittA tAyae bhAsA, kuo vijjANusAsaNaM / 6 / 11 fafar bhASAoM kA pANDitya manuSya ko durgati se nahIM bacA sakatA, phira bhalA vidyAoM kA anuzAsana adhyayana kisI ko kaise bacA sakegA ? (192) puvvakammakhayaTThAe, imaM dehaM samuddhare / 6 / 14 pahale ke kie hue karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie isa deha kI sAra-saMbhAla rakhanI cAhie / 8 / 17 (163) jahA lAhI tahA loho, lAhA loho pavaDDhaI / damAsaka kajjaM, koDIe vi na niTThiyaM / jyoM-jyoM lAbha hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM lobha hotA hai| niraMtara bar3hatA hI jAtA hai| do mAzA sone se (svarNa mudrAoM) se bhI santuSTa nahIM ho pAyA / isa prakAra lAbha se lobha santuSTa hone vAlA karor3oM

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658 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (194) saMsayaM khalu so kuNai, jo magge kuNai dharaM / 6 / 26 : sAdhanA meM saMzaya vahI karatA hai, jo ki mArga meM hI ghara karanA (ruka jAnA) cAhatA hai| (165) jo sahassaM sahassANaM, saMgAme dujjae jie| ega jiNejja appANaM, esa se paramo jo|| 6 / 34 bhayaMkara yuddha meM hajAroM-hajAra dunti zatruoM ko jItane kI apekSA apane Apako jIta lenA hI sabase bar3I vijaya hai| (196) savvaM appe jie jiyaM / / 36 eka apane (vikAroM) ko jIta lene para saba ko jIta liyA jAtA hai| (197) icchA hu AgAsasamA aNaMtiyA / 6 / 48 icchAe~ AkAza ke samAna ananta haiN| (198) kusagge jaha osa bindue, thovaM ciTThai lmbmaanne| evaM maNayANa jIviyaM, samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae // 102 jaise kuzA (ghAsa) kI noMka para hilatI huI osa kI bUMda bahuta thor3e samaya ke lie Tika pAtI hai, ThIka isI prakAra manuSya kA jIvana bhI kSaNabhaMgura hai| ataeva he gautama ! kSaNabhara ke lie bhI pramAda na kara ! (196) vihuNAhi rayaM pure kaDaM / 113 pUrvasaMcita karma-rUpI raja ko sApha kara ! (200) dullahe khulu mANuse bhve| 104 manuSya janma nizcaya hI bar3A durlabha hai| (201) sakkhaM khU dIsai tavoviseso na dIsaI jAivisesa koI / 12137 tapa (caritra) kI vizeSatA to pratyakSa meM dikhalAI detI hai, kintu jAti kI .to koI vizeSatA najara nahIM aatii| (202) savve kAmA duhAvahA / 13 / 16 sabhI kAma-bhoga antataH duHkhAvaha (duHkhada hI) hote haiN| (203) kattArameva aNujAi kammaM / 13123 karma sadA kartA ke pIche-pIche (sAtha) calate haiN| (204) no indiyaggejjha amuttabhAvA, amuttabhAvA vi ya hoi nicca / 14 / 16 AtmA Adi amUrta tattva indriyagrAhya nahIM hote| aura jo amUrta hote haiM ve avinAzI nitya bhI hote haiN| (205) jA jA vaccai rayaNI, na sA paDiniyattaI / dhammaM ca kuNamANassa, saphalA janti raaio|| 14125

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 656 jo rAtriyAM bIta jAtI haiM, ve puna: lauTakara nahIM aatiiN| kintu jo dharma kA AcaraNa karatA rahatA hai, usakI rAtriyoM saphala ho jAtI haiN| (206) deva-dAnava - gaMdhavvA, jakkha rakkhassa kinnarA / baMbhAri namasaMti, dukkaraM je karaMti taM // 16 / 16 devatA, dAnava, gaMdharva, yakSa, rAkSasa aura kinnara sabhI brahmacarya ke sAdhaka ko namaskAra karate haiM, kyoMki vaha bahuta duSkara kArya karatA hai / (207 ) jIviyaM caiva rUvaM ca, vijjusaMpAyacaMcalaM / 18 / 13 jIvana aura rUpa bijalI kI camaka kI taraha caMcala haiM / (208) bhAsiya hiyaM saccaM / 16 27 sadA hitakArI satya vacana bolanA caahie| (20) asidhArAgamaNaM, ceva, dukkaraM cariuM tavo / 16 / 38 tapa kA AcaraNa talavAra kI dhAra para calane ke samAna duSkara hai| (210) na taM arI kaMThachittA kareI, jaM se kare appaNiyA durappA | 20|48 gardana kATane vAlA zatru bhI utanI hAni nahIM karatA, jitanI hAni durAcAra meM pravRtta apanA hI svayaM kA AtmA kara sakatA hai| (211) aNunnae nAvaNae mahesI, na yAvi pUyaM garihaM ca saMjae / 21 / 20 jo pUjA-prazaMsA sunakara kabhI ahaMkAra nahIM karatA, aura nindA sunakara svayaM ko hIna ( avanata ) nahIM mAnatA, vahI vastutaH maharSi hai / (212) sajjhAevA niutteNa, samvadukkha vimokkhaNe / 26 / 10 svAdhyAya karate rahane se samasta duHkhoM se mukti milatI hai / (213) sajjhAyaM ca tao kujjA, savvabhAva vibhAvaNaM / 26 / 37 svAdhyAya saba bhAvoM (viSayoM) kA prakAza karane vAlA hai| (214) natthi caritaM sammattavihUNaM / 2626 samyaktva ke abhAva meM cAritra nahIM ho sakatA / (215) sAmAieNa sAvajjajogavirahaM jaNayaI / 268 sAmAyika kI sAdhanA se pApakArI pravRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| (216) khamAvaNayAe NaM palhAyaNabhAvaM jaNayai / 26 / 17 kSamApanA se AtmA meM prasannatA kI anubhUti hotI hai / (217) sajjhAeNaM nANAvara NijjaM kammaM khaveI / 26 / 18 . svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNa (jJAna ko AcchAdana karane vAle) karma kA kSaya hotA hai /

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660 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (218) yAvacce titthayaraM nAmagottaM kammaM nibandhaI | 26143 vaiyAvRtya (sevA) se AtmA tIrthaMkara hone jaise utkRSTa puNya karma kA upArjana karatA hai| (219 ) bhavakoDI - saMciyaM kammaM, tavasA nijJjarijjai / 30|6 sAdhaka karor3oM bhavoM ke saMcita karmoM ko tapasyA ke dvArA kSINa kara detA hai / AgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya territo ( 220 ) aMgANaM ki sAro ? AyAro / 16 jinavANI (aMga - sAhitya) kA sAra kyA hai ? 'AcAra' sAra hai| (221) sAro parUvaNAe caraNaM, tassa vi ya hoi nivvANaM |17| prarUpaNA kA sAra hai-AcaraNa / AcaraNa kA sAra ( antima phala ) hai - nirvANa / ( 222) ekkA maNussajAI |16| samagra mAnava jAti eka hai / (223) sAyaM gavesamANA, parassa dukkhaM udIraMti / 64 kucha loga apane sukha kI khoja meM dUsaroM ko duHkha pahuMcA dete haiM / (224) kAmaniyattamaI khalu, saMsArA muccaI khippaM / 177 jisakI mati, kAma (vAsanA) se mukta hai, vaha zIghra hI saMsAra se mukta ho jAtA hai| (225) saMsArassa u mUlaM kammaM tassa vi huMti ya ksaayaa| 186 saMsAra kA mUla karma hai aura karma kA mUla kaSAya hai / (226) abhayakaro jIvANaM, sIyadharo saMjamo bhavai sIo / 206 prANI mAtra ko abhaya karane ke kAraNa saMyama zItagRha (vAtAnukUlita gRha) ke samAna zItala arthAt zAntiprada hai / (227) na hu bAlataveNa mukkhutti / 214 ajJAnatapa se kabhI mukti nahIM milatI / (228) na jiNai aMdho parANIyaM / 216 aMdhA kitanA hI bahAdura ho, zatrusenA ko parAjita nahIM kara sakatA / isI prakAra ajJAnI sAdhaka bhI apane vikAroM ko jIta nahIM sakatA /

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita (229) na hu kaitave samaNo / 224 jo daMbhI hai, vaha zramaNa nahIM ho sakatA / sUtrakRtAGgani ki (230) jaha vA visagaMDUsaM, koI ghettU Na nAma tuvhikko / aNeNa adIsaMto, kiM nAma tato na va marejjA / / 52 jisa prakAra koI cupacApa luka-chipakara viSa pI letA hai, to kyA vaha usa viSa se nahIM maregA ? avazya mregaa| usI prakAra jo chipakara pApa karatA hai, to kyA vaha usase dUSita nahIM hogA ? avazya hogA / (231) avi ya hu bhAriyakammA, niyamA ukkassa nirayaThitigAmI / 661 te'vi hu jiNovadeseNa, teNeva bhaveNa sijyaMti // 160 // koI kitanA hI pApAtmA ho aura nizcaya hI utkuSTa naraka sthiti ko prApta karane vAlA ho, kintu vaha bhI vItarAga ke upadeza dvArA usI bhava meM mukti lAbha kara sakatA hai| dazakAlika niyukti ( 232) jIvAhAro bhaNNai AyAro / 215 tapa-saMyama rUpa AcAra kA mUla AdhAra AtmA (AtmA meM zraddhA) hI haiN| (233) vayaNavibhattiakusalo, vaogayaM bahuvihaM ayANaMtI / jai vina bhAsai kiMcI, na ceva vayaguttayaM patto // vayaNavibhatto kusalo, vaogayaM bahuvihaM viyAgaMto / divasaM pi bhAsamANo, tahAvi vayaguttayaM patto // 260-261 jo vacana kalA meM akuzala hai, aura vacana kI maryAdAoM se anabhijJa hai, vaha kucha bhI na bole, taba bhI 'vacanagupta' nahIM ho sakatA / jo vacana kalA meM kuzala hai aura vacana kI maryAdA kA jAnakAra hai, vaha dina bhara bhASaNa karatA huA bhI 'vacanagupta' kahalAtA hai| (234) jassa vi a duSpaNihiA hoMti kasAyA tavaM caraMtassa / so bAlatavassIvi va gayaNhANaparissamaM kuNai // 300 // jisa tapasvI ne kaSAyoM ko nigRhIta nahIM kiyA, vaha bAla (ajJAna) tapasvI hai / usake taparUpa meM kiye gae saba kAyakaSTa gaja-snAna kI taraha vyartha haiM / uttarAdhyayananiyukti ( 235) suhio hu jaNo na bujjhaI / 140 sukhI manuSya prAyaH jaldI nahIM jaga pAtA /

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662 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (236) rAisarisavamittANi, parichihANi pAsasi / appaNo billamittANi, pAsaMto vi na pAsasi / / 140 durjana dUsaroM ke rAI aura sarasoM jitane doSa bhI dekhatA rahatA hai, kintu apane bilva (bela) jitane bar3e doSoM ko dekhatA huA bhI anadekhA kara detA hai| (237) bhAvaMmi u pabvajjA aarNbhprigghccaao| 263 hiMsA aura parigraha kA tyAga hI vastutaH bhAva pravrajyA hai| (238) bhaddaeNeva hoavvaM pAvai bhaddANi bhddo| saviso hammae sappo, bheruDo tattha muccai // 326 manuSya ko madra (sarala) honA cAhie, bhadra ko hI kalyANa kI prApti hotI hai| viSadhara saupa hI mArA jAtA hai, nirviSa ko koI nahIM maartaa| (239) jo bhidei khuhaM khalu, so bhikkhU bhAvao hoi / 375 jo mana kI bhUkha (tRSNA) kA bhedana karatA hai, vahI bhAva rUpa meM bhikSu hai| Avazyakaniyukti (240) atthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niuNaM / 62 tIrthakara kI vANI artha (bhAva) rUpa hotI hai, aura nipuNa gaNadhara use sUtra-baddha karate haiN| (241) vAeNa viNA poo, na caei mahaNNAvaM triuN| 65 acche se acchA jalayAna bhI havA ke binA mahAsAgara ko pAra nahIM kara sktaa| (242) niuNo vi jIvapoo, tvsNjmmaaruavihnno| 66 zAstrajJAna meM kuzala sAdhaka bhI tapa, saMyama rUpa pavana ke binA saMsAra sAgara ko taira narIM sktaa| (243) caraNaguNavippahINo, buDDai subahu pi jaannNto| 67 jo sAdhaka cAritra ke guNa se hIna hai, vaha bahuta se zAstra par3ha lene para bhI saMsAra samudra meM DUba jAtA hai| (244) subahuMpi suyamahIyaM, ki kAhI caraNAviSpahINAssa ? aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIvasayasahassakoDI vi||98 zAstroM kA bahuta-sA adhyayana bhI cAritra-hIna ke lie kisa kAma kA ? kyA karor3oM dIpaka jalA dene para bhI aMdhe ko koI prakAza mila sakatA hai ?

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 663 (245) NANaM payAsagaM sohao tavo, saMjamo ya guttikro| tiNDa pi samAjoge, mokkho jiNasAsaNe bhnnio||103 jJAna prakAza karane vAlA hai, tapa vizuddhi evaM saMyama pApoM kA nirodha karatA hai| tInoM ke samayoga se hI mokSa hotA hai-yahI jinazAsana kA kathana hai| (246) kevaliyanANalaMbho, nanastha khae kasAyANaM / 104 krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko kSaya kie binA kevalajJAna (pUrNa jJAna) kI prApti nahIM hotii| (247) titthapaNAmaM kAuM, kahei sAhAraNeNa saddeNaM / 567 tIrthakara deva prathama tIrtha (upasthita saMgha) ko praNAma karake phira jana kalyANa ke lie lokabhASA meM upadeza karate haiM / (248) sAmAiyaMmi u kae, samaNo iva sAvao havai jamhA / 802 sAmAyika kI sAdhanA karatA huA zrAvaka usa samaya zramaNa ke tulya ho jAtA hai| (249) ainiddheNa visayA uijjati / 1263 atisnigdha AhAra karane se viSaya-kAmanA uddIpta ho uThatI hai| (250) thovAhAro thovabhaNio ya, jo hoi thovanido ya / thovovahi-uvagaraNo, tassa ha devA vi paNamaMti // 1265 jo sAdhaka thor3A khAtA hai, thor3A bolatA hai, thor3I nIMda letA hai aura yor3I hI dharmopakaraNa kI sAmagrI rakhatA hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN| (251) cittassegaggayA havai jhANaM / 1456 kisI eka viSaya para citta ko sthira-ekAgra karanA dhyAna hai| (252) annaM imaM sarIraM, anno jIvU tti eva kayabuddhi / dukkha-parikilesakara, chida mamattaM sriiraao|| 1547 'yaha zarIra abhya hai, AtmA anya hai|' sAdhaka isa tasvabuddhi ke dvArA duHkha 1. evaM klezajanaka zarIra kI mamatA kA tyAga kre| odhaniyukti (253) je jattiA a heuM bhavassa, te ceva tattiA mukkhe / 53 jo aura jitane hetu saMsAra ke haiM, ve aura utane hI hetu mokSa ke haiN| (254) iriAvahamariA, je ceva havaMti kammabaMdhAya / ajayANaM te ceva u, jayANa nivvANagamaNAya // 54 jo IryApathika (gamanAgamana) Adi kriyAe~ asaMyata ke lie karmabaMdha kA kAraNa hotI haiM, ve hI yatanAzIla ke lie mukti kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiN|

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164 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (255) egateNa niseho, jogesu na desio vihI vA'vi / daliaM pappa niseho, hojja vihI vA jahA roge / / 55 jina zAsana meM ekAMta rUpa se kisI bhI kriyA kA na to niSedha hai, aura na vidhAna hI hai / paristhiti ko dekhakara hI unakA niSeSa yA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, jaisA ki roga meM cikitsA ke lie| (256) muttaniroheNa cakkhU, vaccaniroheNa jIviyaM cayai / 197 atyadhika mUtra ke vega ko rokane se A~kheM naSTa ho jAtI haiM aura tIna malavega ko rokane se jIvana hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| (257) hiyAhArA miyAhArA, appAhArA ya je nraa| na te vijjA tigicchaMti, appANaM te tigicchagA // 578 jo manuSya hitAhArI haiM, mitAhArI haiM aura alpAhArI haiM ! unheM kisI vaidya se cikitsA karavAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM, ve svayaM hI apane vaidya haiM, cikitsaka haiN| (258) atiregaM ahigaraNaM / 741 AvazyakatA se adhika evaM anupayogI upakaraNa (sAmagrI) adhikaraNa hI (klezaprada evaM doSarUpa) ho jAte haiN| (259) AyA ceva ahiMsA, AyA hiMsa tti nicchao eso| jo hoi appamatto, ahiMsao hiMsao iyaro / / 754 nizcayadRSTi se AtmA hI hiMsA hai aura AtmA hI ahiMsA / jo pramatta hai vaha hiMsaka hai aura jo apramatta hai vaha ahiMsaka hai| (260) suciraM pi acchamANo, verulio kaaymnniomiise| na ya uvei kAyabhAvaM pAhanaguNeNa niyaeNa // 772 vaiDUryaratna kAca kI maNiyoM meM kitane hI lambe samaya taka kyoM na milA rahe, vaha apane zreSTha guNoM ke kAraNa ratna hI rahatA hai, kabhI kAca nahIM hotA (sadAcArI uttama puruSa kA jIvana bhI aisA hI hotA hai|) (261) jaha bAlo jaMpato, kajjamakajja va ujjuyaM bhnni| taM taha AloejjA, mAyAmayavippamukko u||801 bAlaka jo bhI ucita yA anucita kArya kara letA hai, vaha saba sarala bhAva se kaha detA hai| isI prakAra sAdhaka ko bhI gurujanoM ke samakSa daMma aura abhimAna se rahita hokara yathAvaM AtmAlocana karanA cAhiye / (262) uddhariya savvasallo, Aloiya nidio gurusagAse / hoi atiregalahuo, ohariyabharo vva bhAravahA / / 806

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 665 jo sAdhaka gurujanoM ke samakSa mana ke samasta zalyoM (kAToM) ko nikAla kara AlocanA, nidA (AtmaniMdA) karatA hai, usakI AtmA usI prakAra halakI ho jAtI hai jaise zira kA bhAra utAra dene para bhAravAhaka / bRhatkalpabhASya (263) pAvANaM jadakaraNaM, tadeva khalu maMgalaM prmN| 814 pApa karma na karanA hI vastutaH parama maMgala hai| (264) na vi atthi na vi a hohI, sajjhAya samaM tavokammaM / 1166 svAdhyAya ke samAna dUsarA tapa na atIta meM kabhI hamA, na vartamAna meM kahIM hai, aura na bhaviSya meM kabhI hogaa| (265) taM tu na vijjai sajjhaM, jaMdhiimaMto na sAhei / 1357 vaha kauna sA kaThina kArya hai, jise dhairyavAn vyakti sampanna nahIM kara sakatA ? (266) dhaMta pi duddhakaMkhI na labhai duddha aghennuuto| 1944 dUdha pAne kI koI kitanI hI tIvra AkAMkSA kyoM na rakhe, para bAMjha gAya se kamI dUdha nahIM mila sktaa| (267) avacchalatte ya daMsaNe haannii| 2711 dhArmika janoM meM paraspara vAtsalya mAva kI kamI hone para samyagdarzana kI hAni hotI hai| (268) akasAyaM khu caritaM, kasAyasahio na saMjao hoi / 2712 akaSAya (vItarAgatA) hI cAritra hai| ataH kaSAyabhAva rakhane vAlA saMyamI nahIM hotaa| (269) jo puNa jataNArahio, guNo vi dosAyate tassa / 3181 jo yatanArahita hai, usake lie guNa bhI doSa bana jAte haiN| (270) vasuMdhareyaM jaha vIrabhojjA / 3254 yaha vasuMdharA bIrabhogyA hai| (271) Na suttAmatthaM atiricca jaatii| 3627 sUtra artha (vyAkhyA) ko chor3akara nahIM calatA hai| (272) Na bhUsaNaM bhUsayate sarIraM, vibhUsaNaM sIla hirI ya ithie| 4118 nArI kA AbhUSaNa zIla aura lajjA hai / bAhya AbhUSaNa usako zomA nahIM bar3hA skte| (273) bAlA ya buDDhA ya ajaMgamA ya, loge vi ete annukNpnnijjaa| 4342 bAlaka, vRddha aura apaMga vyakti, vizeSa anukampA (dayA) ke pAtra hote haiN|

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666 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (274) na ya mUla vibhinnae ghaDe, jalamAdINi dhalei kaNhuI / 4363 jisa ghar3e kI peMdI meM cheda ho gayA ho, usameM jala Adi kaise Tika sakate haiM ? (275) jahA tavassI ghuNate taveNaM, kammaM tahA jANa tavo'NumaMtA / 4401 jisa prakAra tapasvI tapa ke dvArA karmoM ko ghuna DAlatA hai, vaise hI tapa kA anumodana karane vAlA bhI / (276) tullammi avarAdhe, pariNAmavaseNa hoti NANataM / 4674 bAhara meM samAna aparAdha hone para bhI antara meM pariNAmoM kI tIvratA va mandatA sambandhI taratamatA ke kAraNa doSa kI myUnAdhikatA hotI hai| (277) na u sacchaMdatA seyA, loe kimuta uttare / bRha0 bhA0 pIThikA 86 svacchaMdatA laukika jIvana meM bhI hitakara nahIM hai, to lokottara jIvana (sAdhaka jIvana) meM kaise hitakara ho sakatI hai ? vyavahArabhASya (278) navaNIyatulla hiyayA sAhU / 7 165 sAghujanoM kA hRdaya navanIta (makkhana) ke samAna komala hotA hai| (279) sabvajagujjoyakaraM nANaM, nANeNa najjae caraNaM / 7 / 216 jJAna vizva ke samagra rahasyoM ko prakAzita karane vAlA hai| jJAna se ho cAritra (kartavya) kA bodha hotA hai| (280) nANaMmi asaMtaMmi, caritaM vi na vijjae / 77217 jJAna nahIM hai, to cAritra mI nahIM hai / nizIthabhASya (281) atyadharo tu pamANaM, titthagaramuhuggato tu so jamhA / 22 sUtradhara (zabda pAThI ) kI apekSA ayaMdhara (sUtra rahasya kA jJAtA) ko pramANa mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki artha sAkSAt tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI se niHsRta hai| (282) gANI Na viNA NANaM / 75 jJAna ke binA koI jJAnI nahIM ho sakatA / (283) dhitI tu mohassa uvasame hoti / 85 moha kA upazama hone para hI ghRti hotI hai / (284) NA NajjoyA sAhU / 225 vRha0 bhA0 3453 sAdhaka jJAna kA prakAza lie hue jIvana yAtrA karatA hai|

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 667 (285) NeharahitaM tu pharusaM / 2608 sneha se rahita vacana 'paruSa-kaThora vacana' kahalAtA hai| (256) alaM vivAeNa Ne katamuhe hiM / 2613 kRtamukha (vidvAna) ke sAtha vivAda nahIM karanA caahie| (287) AsalaliaM varAo, cAeti na gaddabho kaauN| 2628 zikSita azva kI krIr3AeM vicArA gardama kaise kara sakatA hai ? (28) rAga-hosa-vimukko sIyagharasamo ya aayrio| 2794 rAga-dvaSa se rahita AcArya zItagRha (saba RtuoM meM eka samAna sukha prada bhavana) ke samAna haiN| (289) jo jassa u pAoggo, so tassa tahiM tu daayvvo| -ni0bhA05291 ba0 bhA03370 jo jisake yogya ho, use vahI denA caahie| (260) jAgaraha ! NarA Nicca, jAgaramANassa bar3hate buddhii| jo suvati na so suhito, jo jaggati so sayA shito|| -ni0 bhA0 5303; bR0 bhA0 3283 manuSyo ! sadA jAgate raho, jAgane vAle kI buddhi sadA varSamAna rahatI hai| jo sotA hai vaha sukhI nahIM hotA / jAgrata rahane vAlA hI sadA sukhI rahatA hai| (291) suvai ya ajagara bhUto, sayaM pi se NAsatI amayabhUyaM / hohiti goNabhUyo, NaTThami sUye amaya bhUye // -ni0 bhA0 5305 bRha. bhA0 3387 jo ajagara ke samAna soyA rahatA hai, usakA amRta svarUpa zruta (jJAna) naSTa ho jAtA hai, aura amRtasvarUpa zruta ke naSTa ho jAne para vyakti eka taraha se nirA baila ho jAtA hai| AvazyakaniyuktibhASya (292) sabve a cakkajohI, savve ahayA sacakkehi / 43 jitane bhI cakayodhI (azvagrIva, rAvaNa Adi prativAsudeva) hue haiM ve apane hI cakra se mAre gae haiN| (293) uvautto jayamANo, AyA sAmAiyaM hoi / 146 yatanApUrvaka sAdhanA meM yatnazIla rahane vAlA AtmA hI sAmAyika hai| odhaniyuktibhASya (294) natthi chahAe sarisayA veyaNA / 290 saMsAra meM bhUkha ke samAna koI vedanA nahIM hai|

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668 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA vizeSAvazyakabhASya (295) nANa-kiriyAhiM mokkho| gA03 jJAna evaM kriyA (AcAra) se hI mukti hotI hai| (296) dabvasuyaM jo annvutto| 126 jo zruta upayogazUnya hai, vaha saba dravyazruta hai| (297) sAmAiovautto jIvo sAmAiyaM sayaM ceva / 1526 sAmAyika meM upayoga rakhane vAlA AtmA svayaM hI sAmAyika ho jAtA hai| (298) asubho jo pariNAmo sA hiMsA / 1766 nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se AtmA kA azubha pariNAma hI hiMsA hai| cUNi sAhitya ko sUktiyA~ AcArAMgacUNi (296) Na yANaMti appaNo vi, kinnu aNNesi / 1133 . jo apane ko hI nahIM jAnatA, vaha dUsaroM ko kyA jAnegA? (300) appamattassa Natthi bhayaM, gacchato ciTTato bhUjamANassa baa||3|4 apramatta (sadA sAvadhAna) ko calate, khar3e hote, kahIM bhI koI bhaya nahIM hai| (301) vivego mokkho| 171 vastutaH viveka hI mokSa hai| (302) jai vaNavAsamitteNaM nANI jAva tavassI bhavati, teNa sIhavagdhAdayo vi| 1171 yadi koI vana meM rahane mAtra se hI jJAnI aura tapasvI ho jAtA hai, to phira siMha, bAdha Adi bhI jJAnI, tapasvI ho sakate haiN| (303) chahA jAva sarIraM, tAva asthi / 173 jaba taka zarIra hai taba taka bhUkha hai| sUtrAkRtAMgaNi (304) AraMbhapUrvako parigrahaH / zarAra parigraha ArammapUrvaka hotA hai| (305) cattaM na dUSayitavyaM / 10 / 2 karma karo, kintu mana ko dUSita na hone do| (306) samAdhinami rAgadveSaparityAgaH / za222 rAgadveSa kA tyAga hI samAdhi hai|

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 666 dazavakAlikacUNi (307) sAhuNA sAgaro iva gaMbhIreNa hoyavvaM / 1 sAdhu ko sAgara ke samAna gaMbhIra honA caahie| (308) mailo paDo raMgiona sundaraM bhvi|4 malina vastra raMgane para bhI sundara nahIM hotaa| (309) kovAkUlacitto jaM saMtamavi bhAsati, taM mosameva bhavati / 7 krodha se kSubdha hue vyakti kA satya bhASaNa bhI asatya hI hai| uttarAdhyayanacUNi (310) na dharmakathAmantareNa darzanaprAptirasti / 1 dharmakathA ke binA darzana (samyaktva) kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| (311) savvaNANuttaraM suyaNANaM / 1 / sAdhanA kI dRSTi se zrutajJAna saba jJAnoM meM zreSTha hai| (312) pariNibbuto NAma rAgaddosavimukke / 10 rAma aura dveSa se mukta honA hI parinirvANa hai| naMdIsUtracUNi (313) visuddhabhAvattaNato ya sugaMdhaM / 2013 vizuddha bhAva arthAt pavitra vicAra hI jIvana kI sugandha hai| (314) vivihakuluppaNNA sAhavo kapparakkhA / 2016 vividha kula evaM jAtiyoM meM utpanna hue sAdhu puruSa pRthvI ke kalpavRkSa haiN| (315) bhUtahitaM ti ahiMsA / 5 / 38 prANiyoM kA hita ahiMsA hai| (316) sva-para pratyAyakaM sutanANaM / 44 sva aura para kA bodha karAne vAlA zAna-zrutajJAna hai| dazAzrutaskaMdhaNi (317) saMghayaNAbhAvA ucchAho na bhavati / 3 ___ saMhanana (zArIrika zakti) kSINa hone para dharma karane kA utsAha nahIM hotaa| nizoSaNi (318) viNaovaveyassa iha paraloge vi vijjAo phalaM payacchati / 13 zAstra kA adhyayana ucita samaya para kiyA huA hI nirjarA kA hetu hai, anyathA vaha hAnikara tathA karmabandha kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai|

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670 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (316) tapassa mUlaM dhitii| 54 tapa kA mUla dhRti arthAt dhairya hai / (320) NiThuraM NiNhehavayaNaM khisA / mauya siNehavayaNaM uvAlaMbho / / 2637 sneharahita niSThura vacana khisA (phaTakAra) hai, snehasikta madhura vacana upAlama (ulAhanA) hai| (321) guNakArittaNAto oma bhottavvaM / 2951 kama khAnA muNakArI hai| (322) AvattIe jahA appaM rakkhaMti / tahA aNNovi AvattIe rakkhiyabvo // 5942 ApattikAla meM jaise apanI rakSA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra dUsaroM kI bhI rakSA karanI caahie| (323) pamAyamUlo baMdho bhavati / 6686 karmabandha kA mUla pramAda hai| ti digambara Agama grantha samayasAra (324) vavahAraNayo bhAsadi, jIvo deho ya havadi khalu ikko| Na duNicchayassa jIvo, deho ya kadApi ekaTTho / / 27 vyavahAranaya se jIva (AtmA) aura deha eka pratIta hote haiM, kintu nizcaya dRSTi se donoM bhinna haiM, kadApi eka nahIM haiN| (325) Nayaramma vapiNade jaha Na vi, raNo vaNNaNA kadA hodi / dehaguNe thuvvaMte, Na kevaliguNA thudA hoti / / 30 jisa prakAra nagara kA varNana karane se rAjA kA varNana nahIM hotA, usI prakAra zarIra ke guNoM kA varNana karane se zaddhAramasvarUpa kevalajJAnI ke guNoM kA varNana nahIM ho sktaa| (326) uvaoga eva ahamikko / 37 maiM (AtmA) eka mAtra upayogamaya-- jJAnamaya huuN| (327) aNNANamao jIvo kammANaM kArago hodi / 62 ajJAnI AtmA hI karmoM kA kartA hotA hai| (328) ratto baMdhadi kamma, mucadi jIvo viraagsNptto| 150 jIva, rAgayukta hokara karma bAMdhatA hai aura virakta hokara karmoM se mukta hotA hai| ma (

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Agama sAhitya ke subhASita 671 (329) pakke phalamhi paDie, jaha Na phala bajjhae puNo vitte| jIvassa kammabhAve, paDie Na puNodayamuvei // 168 jisa prakAra pakA huA phala gira jAne ke bAda punaH vRtta se nahIM laga sakatA, usI prakAra karma bhI AtmA se viyukta hone ke bAda punaH vItarAga AtmA ko nahIM lama sakate / (330) jaha kaNayamaggitaviyaM pi, kaNayabhAvaM Na taM priccydi| taha kammodayatavido, Na jahadi NANI duNANittaM // 184 jisa prakAra svarNa agni se tapta hone para bhI apane svarNatva ko nahIM chor3atA, vaise hI jJAnI bhI karmodaya ke kAraNa uttapta hone para bhI apane svarUpa ko nahIM chodd'te| (331) jaM kuNadi sammadiTThI, taM savvaM NijjaraNimittaM / 193 samyagdRSTi AlmA jo kucha bhI karatA hai, vaha usake kamoM kI nirjarA ke lie hI hotA hai| (332) Na ya vatthUdo du baMdho, ajjhavasANeNa baMdhotthi / 265 karmabandha vastu se nahIM, rAga aura dveSa ke adhyavasAya----saMkalpa se hotA hai| (333) AdA khu majjha NANaM, AdA me daMsaNaM carittaM ca / 277 merA apanA AtmA hI zAna (jJAnarUpa) hai, darzana hai aura cAritra hai| (334) kaha so ghippai appA ? paNNAe so u dhippae appA / 296 yaha bAtmA kisa prakAra jAnA jA sakatA hai ? AtmaprajJA arthAt bhedavijJAna rUpa buddhi se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| (335) jo Na kuNai avarAhe, so NissaMko du jaNavae bhamadi / 302 jo kisI prakAra kA aparAdha nahIM karatA, vaha nirbhaya hokara janapada meM bhramaNa kara sakatA hai| isI prakAra niraparAdha-nirdoSa AtmA (pApa nahIM karane vAlA) mI sarvatra nirbhaya hokara vicaratA hai| pravacanasAra (336) cArittaM khalu dhammo, dhammo jo so samo tti nniddittttho| mohakkhoha vihINo, pariNAmo apaNo ha smo|| 17 cAritra hI vAstava meM dharma hai, aura jo dharma hai, vaha samatva hai| moha aura kSoma se rahita AtmA kA apanA zuddha pariNamana hI samatva hai| (337) kIradi ajjhavasANaM, ahaM mamedaM ti mohaado| 2061 moha ke kAraNa hI maiM aura mere kA vikalpa hotA hai|

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672 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA (338) AgamahINo samaNo, vappANaM paraM viyANAdi / 3 / 32 zAstrajJAna se zUnya zramaNa na apane ko jAna pAtA hai, na para ko| (336) Agama cakkhU sAhU, iMdiya cakkhUNi savvabhUdANi / 334 . anya saba prANI indriyoM kI A~kha vAle haiM, kintu sAdhaka Agama kI A~kha vAlA hai| (340) je aNNANI kamma khavedi, bhvsyshss-koddiihiN| taM NANI tihiM gutto, khavedi ussAsametteNaM // 3 // 38 ajJAnI sAdhaka bAla tapa ke dvArA lAkhoM-karor3oM janmoM meM jitane karma khapAtA hai, utane karma, mana, vacana, kAyA ko saMyata rakhane vAlA jJAnI sAdhaka eka zvAsa mAtra meM khapA detA hai| niyamasAra (341) jo jhAyai appANaM, paramasamAhI have tassa / 123 jo apanI AtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai, use parama samAdhi kI prApti hotI hai| paMcAssikAya (342) davvaM sallakSaNayaM, uppAdanvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / 10 dravya kA lakSaNa sat hai aura vaha sadA utpAda, vyaya evaM dhra vatva bhAva se yukta hotA hai| (343) damveNa viNA na guNA, guNehi davvaM viNA naM saMbhavadi / 15 dravya ke binA guNa nahIM hote haiM aura guNa ke binA dravya nahIM hote| (344) bhAvassa Natthi NAso, Nasthi abhAvassa ceva uppaado| 15 bhAva (sat) kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA aura abhAva (asat) kA kabhI utpAda (janma) nahIM hotaa| (345) cArittaM smbhaavo| 107 samabhAva hI cAritra hai| (346) suhapariNAmo puNNaM, asuho pAvaM ti havadi jiivss| 132 mAtmA kA zubha pariNAma (bhAva) puNya hai aura azuma pariNAma pApa hai| darzanapAhuDa (347) daMsaNamUlo dhmmo|2 dharma kA mUla darzana (samyak zraddhA) hai|

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(348) mUlaviNaTThA Na sijyaMti / 10 samyaktva rUpa mUla ke naSTa ho jAne para mokSa rUpa phala kI prApti nahIM hotii| (349) sovANaM paDhama mokkhassa / 21 samyagdarzana ( samyak zraddhA) mokSa kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| (350) NANaM Narassa sAro / 31 jJAna manuSya jIvana kA sAra hai| bAgama sAhitya ke subhASita 673 sUtrapAhuDa (351) heyAheyaM ca tahA, jo jANAi so hu saddiTThI / 5 jo heya aura upAdeya ko jAnatA hai, vahI vAstava meM samyagRSTi hai / bodhapAhuDa (352 ) jaM dei divakha sikkhA, kammakkhayakAreNa suddhA / 16 AcArya vaha hai jo karma ko kSaya karane vAlI zuddha dIkSA aura zuddha zikSA detA hai| (353) dhammo dayAvisuddho / 25 jisameM dayA kI pavitratA hai, vahI dharma hai / bhAvapADa ( 354) bhAvarahio na sijjhai / 4 bhAva ( bhAvanA) se zUnya manuSya kabhI siddhi prApta nahIM kara sakatA / ( 355) appA appammi rao, sammAiTThI havei phuDu jIvo / 31 jo AtmA, AtmA meM lIna hai, vahI vastutaH samyagdRSTi hai / mokSapAhuDa (356) dukkhe Najjai appA / 65 AtmA bar3I kaThinatA se jAnA jAtA hai /

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pariziSTa 0 pAribhASika zabda-koSa 0 granthagata viziSTa zabda sUcI 0 sandarbha grantha-vivaraNa

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pAribhASika zabda koza pariziSTa 1 (a) akaraNIpazamanA jaise parvata para pravAhita hone vAlI saritA ke pASANa meM binA kisI prakAra ke prayoga ke svayameva golAI Adi utpanna ho jAtI hai vaise saMsArI jIvoM ko adhaHpravRttakaraNa prabhRti pariNAmasvarUpa kriyA vizeSa ke binA hI kevala vedanA ke anubhava Adi se karmoM kA jo upazamana-udaya pariNAma ke binA avasthAna hotA hai vaha akaraNIpazamanA hai / akarmabhUmi- asi maSi Adi karmoM se rahita bhUmi akarmabhUmi hai| akaSAya- jisa jIva ke sampUrNa kaSAyoM kA abhAva ho cukA hai, vaha akaSAya athavA akaSAyI hai / akAma nirjarA - anicchApUrvaka duHkha ke sahane se jo karma nirjarA hotI hai vaha akAma nirjarA hai / akAla mRtyu - asamaya meM baddha Ayusthiti pUrNa hone ke pUrva hI jIvana kA nAza honA / akriyAvAdI jo avasthAna ke abhAva kA prasaMga prApta hone kI saMbhAvanA ke avasthAna se rahita kisI bhI anavasthita padArtha kI kriyA ko svIkAra nahIM karate ve akriyAvAdI haiM / akSINamahAnas-lAbhAntarAya karma ke utkRSTa kSayopazamayukta jisa Rddhi ke prabhAva se RddhidhArI ke bhojana karane ke pazcAt bhojanazAlA meM avazeSa bhojana cakravartI kI samasta senA ke dvArA kara liyA jAya to bhI kSINa nahIM hotA, utanA hI banA rahatA hai, vaha akSINamahAnas Rddhi hotI hai / agati gati nAmakarma kA abhAva ho jAne se siddha gati agati kahI jAtI hai / agArI - agAra kA artha ghara hai| Arambha aura parigraha rUpa ghara se jo sahita hai vaha gRhastha athavA agArI hai / * agItArtha --- jisane chedasUtra kA adhyayana nahIM kiyA hai, yA adhyayana karake bhI "jise vismRta ho gayA hai, aisA zramaNa agItArtha hai / . agurulaghu -- gurutA aura laghutA kA abhAva / agurulaghu guNa - jIvAdika dravyoM kI svarUpa pratiSThA kA kAraNa jo aguru-laghu

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678 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa nAmaka svabhAva hai, usake pratisamaya jo chahasthAna patita vRddhi-hAni rUpa, ananta avibhAga praticcheda haiM, usakA nAma aguru-laghu guNa hai / adhAti karma---jIva ke pratijIvI guNoM ke ghAta karane vAle karma, unake kAraNa AtmA ko zarIra ke kaida meM rahanA par3atA hai| vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra karma adhAti karma haiN| ___ aGga-praviSTa-jina zAstroM kI racanA artha kI dRSTi se tIrthakara aura sUtra kI dRSTi se gaNadhara karate haiN| jaise AcArAMga Adi / aGgabAhya-gaNadharoM ke ziSya-praziSyAdi AcAryoM dvArA alpabuddhi ziSyoM ke anugrahArtha kI gaI saMkSipta racanAe~ / jaise--aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya Adi / . acakSa darzana--cakSu indriya ke atirikta zeSa cAra indriyoM aura mana ke dvArA hone vAle apane-apane sAmAnya dharmoM kA AbhAsa / acakSa darzanAvaraNa-acakSudarzana ko AvaraNa karane vAlA karma / acelaka-alpa vastradhArI yA jisake kisI prakAra kA vastra nahIM hai / acaurya mahAvrata-kisI bhI sthAna para rakhe hue, bhUle hue, yA gire hue dravya ko grahaNa karane kI icchA na krnaa| ajIva-jisameM cetanA na pAI jAya / ajIva kriyA---acetana pudgaloM ke karma rUpa meM pariNata hone ko ajIva kriyA kahate haiN| . ajJAna-mithyAtva ke udaya ke sAtha vidyamAna jJAna hI ajJAna hai| ___ aNu-jo pradeza mAtra meM hone vAlI sparzAdi paryAyoM ke utpanna karane meM samartha hai, aise pudgala ke avibhAgI aMza ko aNu kahA jAtA hai| aNunnata-hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ina sthUla pApoM ke parityAga ko aNuvrata kahA gayA hai| 'aticAra-cAritra sambandhI skhalanAoM kA nAma athavA vrata kA ekadeza se bhaMga honA, aticAra hai| atIndriya sukha-indriya va mana kI apekSA na rakhakara Atma mAtra kI apekSA se jo nirbAdha sukha prApta hotA hai, vaha atIndriya sukha hai| avAkAla-.--candra, sUrya Adi kI kriyA se parilakSita hokara jo samayAdirUpa kAla aDhAI dvIpa meM pravartamAna hai vaha addhAkAla kahalAtA hai| akhApalya--- uddhAra palya ke pratyeka roma khaNDa ke sau varSoM ke samayoM se guNita karake unase paripUrNa gaDDhe ko addhApalya kahA hai| adyApalyopama---addhApalya meM se prati samaya, roma khaNDoM meM se nikAlatenikAlate jitane kAla meM vaha palya khAlI ho vaha addhApalyopama hai| addhA samaya--kAla ke avibhAgI aMza ko addhA samaya kahate haiN|

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pAribhASika zabda koza 676 ...., adharma-dravya--jo svayaM Thaharate hue jIva aura pudgala dravyoM ke Thaharane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| adhaHpravRttakaraNa-adhaHpravRttakaraNa pariNAma ve haiM jo adhastana samayavartI pariNAma uparitana samayavartI pariNAmoM ke sAtha kadAcit samAnatA rakhate haiN| usakA dUsarA nAma yathApravRttakaraNa bhI hai| ye pariNAma apramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM pAye jAte haiN| ___ adhaHpravRttakaraNa vizuddhi-prathama samaya ke yogya adhaHpravRtta-pariNAmoM kI apekSA dvitIya samaya ke yogya pariNAma ananta guNe vizuddha hote haiN| inakI apekSA tRtIya samaya ke yogya pariNAma anaMta guNe vizuddha hote haiM / isa taraha antarmuhurta ke samayoM ke pramANa una pariNAmoM meM samayottara krama se ananta-guNI vizuddhi samajhanA caahie| ... adhigama-jisake dvArA padArtha jAne jAte haiM, aise jJAna ko adhigama kahate haiN| . adhigama samyagdarzana-paropadeza se, jIvAdi tattvoM ke nizcaya se, jo samyaktva utpanna hotA hai, vaha adhigama samyagdarzana hai| adhyayana-jo zubha adhyAtma (citta) ko utpanna karatA hai, vaha adhyayana hai| athavA jo nirmala citta-vRtti ko lAtA hai, usakA nAma adhyayana hai| athavA jisake dvArA bodha, saMyama aura mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, vaha adhyayana hai| " ananta-----Aya-rahita aura nirantara vyaya-sahita hone para bhI jo rAzi kabhI samApta na ho athavA jo rAzi ekamAtra kevalajJAna kI hI viSaya ho, vaha ananta kahalAtI hai| - anantakAya--jina ananta jIvoM kA eka sAdhAraNa zarIra ho aura jo apane mUla zarIra se chinna-bhinna hokara punaH uga jAte haiN| .. anantavIrya----vIryAntarAya karma kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAne para jo apratihata sAmarthya utpanna hotA hai, vaha anantavIrya hai| .... anantAnubandhI----jisake udaya hone para samyagdarzana utpanna nahIM hotA hai, aura yadi utpanna ho cukA hai to naSTa ho jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ananta bhavoM kI paramparA ko cAlU rakhane vAlI kaSAyoM ko anantAnubandhI kahA hai| anarthakriyA-binA prayojana kI jAne vAlI kriyaa|| anarthadaNDavirati-jina kAryoM ke karane se apanA kucha bhI prayojana siddha na ho, kevala pApa kA hI saMcaya ho aise pApopadeza ko chor3anA yA tyAga karanA anarthadaNDavirati kahalAtA hai| ra anAcAra-viSayoM meM Asakti ko anAcAra kahA jAtA hai| anAbhigrAhika mithyAtva--sabhI darzana zreSTha haiM, isa prakAra kI buddhi se hI sabako samAna mAnanA anAbhitrAhika mithyAtva hai| 101 . anArya---jinakA AcaraNa viparIta hai, nindha hai, ve anArya haiN|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa anivRtikaraNa guNasthAna- jisa guNasthAna meM vivakSita eka samaya ke andara vartamAna sarva jIvoM ke pariNAma paraspara meM bhinna na hokara samAna hoM, vaha anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna hai / anukampA - tRSita, bubhukSita prANI ko dekhakara usake duHkha se svayaM duHkhI honA aura mana meM usake uddhAra kA cintana karanA, anukampA hai / . anuprakSA - zarIra Adi ke svabhAva kA cintana karanA athavA paThita artha kA mana se abhyAsa karanA anuprekSA svAdhyAya hai / 680 anubhAga- kaSAyajanita pariNAmoM ke anusAra karmoM meM jo zubha-azubha rasa prAdurbhUta hotA hai, vaha anubhAga hai| anubhAgabandha jaise modaka meM snigdha va madhura Adi rasa eka guNe, duguNe Adi rUpa se rahatA hai usI prakAra karma meM bhI jo dezaghAtI va sarvaghAtI, zubha yA azubha, tIvra yA manda Adi rasa hotA hai vaha anubhAgabandha hai / anumAna - sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha rakhane vAle sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna anumAna hai| anuyoga--artha ke sAtha sUtra kI jo anukUla yojanA kI jAtI hai, usakA nAma anuyoga hai; athavA sUtra kA apane abhidheya meM jo yoga hotA hai, vaha anuyoga hai| anuzreNi loka ke madhya bhAga se lekara Upara, nIce aura tirache rUpa meM jo AkAza pradezoM kI paMkti anukrama se avasthita hai, vaha anuzreNi hai / anusArI -- guru ke upadeza se kisI bhI grantha ke Adi, madhya yA anta ke eka bIjapada ko sunakara usake uparivartI samasta grantha ko jAna lenA anusArI kahalAtA hai / anekAnta - eka vastu meM mukhyatA aura gauNatA kI apekSA astitva - nAstitva Adi paraspara virodhI dharmo kA pratipAdana anekAnta hai / antakRt jo aSTa karmoM ko naSTa kara, siddha pada prApta karate haiM, ve antakRt kahalAte haiM / antakRddazAGga ---- pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM hone vAle dasa-dasa antakRt kevaliyoM kA varNana jisameM kiyA gayA hai, vaha antakRddazAMga hai / antarakaraNa -- vivakSita karmoM kI aghastana aura uparima sthitiyoM ko chor3akara madhyavartI antarmuhUrta pramANa sthitiyoM ke niSekoM ke pariNAmavizeSa kA abhAva karanA antarakaraNa hai / antaraGga kriyA svasamaya aura parasamaya ke jAnane rUpa jJAna kriyA ko antaraMga kriyA kahate haiM / antarAtmA jo ATha madoM se rahita hokara deha aura jIva ke bheda ko jAnate haiM, ve antarAtmA haiN| athavA sakama avasthA meM bhI jJAnAdi upayogasvarUpa

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pAribhASika zabda koza zuddha caitanyamaya AtmA meM jinheM Atmabuddhi prAdurbhUta huI hai, ve antarAtmA kahalAte haiN| ye caturtha guNasthAna se lekara bAhara guNasthAna taka ke jIba hote haiN| antarAya karma-jo karma dAtA aura deya Adi ke bIca meM AtA hai-dAna Adi dene meM rukAvaTa DAlatA hai-vaha antarAya karma hai| antarikSa-mahAnimitta-AkAza meM sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra evaM tArAgaNa ke udaya-asta Adi avasthA vizeSa ko nihArakara bhUta-bhaviSyat-kAla sambandhI phala ke vibhAga ko dikhalAnA, vaha antarikSa-mahAnimitta kahA jAtA hai| - antamuhUrta-eka samaya adhika AvalI se lagAkara eka samaya kama muhUrta taka ke kAla ko antarmuhUrta kahA gayA hai| antaHkaraNa-guNa-doSa ke vicAra evaM smaraNa Adi vyApAroM meM jo bAhya indriyoM kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai, jo cakSu Adi indriyoM ke samAna bAhya meM dRSTigocara bhI nahIM hotA hai, aise abhyantara karaNa (mana) ko antaHkaraNa kahate haiN| antaHzalya---jisake antaHkaraNa meM aparAdha rUpI kATA cubha rahA hai, kintu lajjA va abhimAna Adi ke kAraNa jo doSa kI AlocanA nahIM karatA hai, vaha sAdhu antaHzalya hai| antyasUkma-paramANugata sUkSmatA antya sUkSma hai| ansyasthUla.....jagadvyApI mahAskandha-gata sthUlatA antyasthUla hai| 'anna-pAna nirodha-mAnava va pazu Adi prANiyoM ko bhojana ke samaya para unheM bhojana-pAna na denA, annapAna nirodha nAmaka aticAra hai| anyatva bhAvanA-jIva ke zarIra se pRthaka hone para usa zarIra se sambaddha putramitra-kalatra Adi usase sarvathA bhinna rahane vAle haiM, jIva kA unake sAtha kisI bhI prakAra kA sambandha nahIM hai, isa prakAra kI bhAvanA anyatva bhAvanA hai| .. anyathAnupapatti-sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu ke ghaTita na hone ko anyathAnupapatti kahA hai| anyayogavyavaccheda-vizeSya ke sAtha prayukta evakAra anyayoga vyavaccheda hai| jaise-pArtha (arjuna) hI dhanurdhara hai| - anyaliGgasiddha-parivrAjaka Adi anya liMgoM se siddha hone vAle jIvoM ko anyaliMgasiddha kahA jAtA hai| anyonyabhAva-gAya Adi kisI eka vastu meM anya azva Adi kA abhAva anyonya-bhAva hai| .: anvaya-avasthA, deza aura kAla ke bheda hote hue bhI jo kathaMcit tAdAtmya kI avasthA dekhI jAtI hai, vaha vyavahAra ke lie anvaya mAnA jAtA hai| anvaya dRSTAnta--jisa sthAna para sAdhya se vyApta sAdhana dikhAyA jAe vaha anvaya dRSTAnta hai|

Page #711
682 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa - anvayavyatirekI---jo hetu pakSadharmatva, sapakSa sattva, vipakSavyAvRtti, abAdhitaaviSayatva aura asatpratipakSatva; ina pAMcoM se yukta hai vaha anvayavyatirekI hai| . apakarSaNa-karma pradezoM kI sthitiyoM ke hona karane kA nAma apakarSaNa hai| apadhyAna--rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara dUsaroM ke vadha, bandhana, chedana evaM pApakArI vicAra karanA apadhyAna hai| - aparavibeha-meru parvata se pazcima kI ora jo videha kSetra kA AdhA bhAga avasthita hai, vaha apara videha hai| ... aparigRhItA----jo pativihIna strI gaNikA yA puSpacUli rUpa se parapuruSoM ke samparka meM AtI ho, vaha aparigRhItA kahI jAtI hai| ____ aparigraha-moha ke udaya se 'yaha merA hai', isa prakAra kI mamatva buddhi parigraha hai, aura parigraha se nivarta ho jAnA aparigraha hai| aparyApti----aparyApta nAmakarma ke udaya se yukta jo jIva hai, vaha aparyApta hai aura paryAptiyoM kI apUrNatA yA unakI ardhapUrNatA kA nAma aparyApti hai| apavarga---jahA~ janma, jarA, maraNa Adi doSoM kA atyanta vinAza ho jAtA hai, aise mokSa kA nAma apavarga hai| apavartanA--baddha karmoM kI sthiti tathA anubhAga meM adhyavasAya kSetra se kamI kara denaa| . apavartamAkaraNa--jisa vIrya vizeSa se pahale ba~dhe hae karma kI sthiti tathA rasa ghaTa jAte haiM, vaha apavartanAkaraNa hai| apavartanIya Ayu-bAhya nimitta se jo Ayu kama ho jAtI hai vaha apavartanIya hai| isa Ayuccheda ko akAla maraNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| apUrvakaraNa-vaha pariNAma jisake dvArA jIva rAga-dveSa kI durbhedya granthi ko tor3akara lA~gha jAtA hai| apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna--jisa guNasthAna meM bhinna samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAma kadAcit sadRza aura kadAcit visadRza hote haiM, use bhinna samayavartI jIvoM ke dvArA aprApta pUrva pariNAmoM ke prApta karane se apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna kahA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAe to jisa guNasthAna meM sthitighAta, rasadhAta, guNaNi aura sthitibandha Adi ke nivartaka apUrva kArya hote haiM, vaha apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna hai| apakAyika jIva-jala hI jinakA zarIra ho vaha apakAyika jIva kahalAte haiN| apratipAti avadhijJAna---jo avadhijJAna kevalajJAna kI prApti taka sthita rahatA hai aura jo aloka ke eka pradeza ko bhI dekhatA hai, vaha apratipati avadhijJAna hai| apratyAkhyAna---jisa karma ke udaya se alpa pratyAkhyAna bhI na ho ske| - apramattasaMyata--sarva prakAra ke pramAdoM se rahita, aura vrata, guNa, zIla se yukta, sadhyAna meM lIna, aise zramaNa apramattasaMyata haiN|

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pAribhASika zabda koza 683 aprazasta vihAyogati-jisa karma ke udaya se U~Ta, gardabha, zRgAla Adi ke sadRza, nindya vicAra paidA hoM vaha aprazasta vihAyogati hai| - abAdhAkAla--ba~dhane ke pazcAt bhI karma jitane samaya taka bAdhA nahIM pahu~cAtA--udaya meM nahIM AtA hai-utanA samaya usakA abAdhAkAla kahalAtA hai|| abhayadAna-maraNa Adi ke bhaya se grasta jIvoM kI rakSA krnaa| abhavya---jo samyagdarzana Adi paryAya ko kabhI bhI prApta nahIM kara sktaa| dUsare zabdoM meM jisameM mokSa prApta karane kI yogyatA nahIM hai| abhigrahIta--dUsare ke upadeza se grahaNa kiye gaye mithyAtva ko abhigRhIta mithyAtva kahate haiN| amanaska--dravya-bhAva svarUpa mana se rahita jIvoM ko amanaska kahate haiN| amUrtatva-mUrtatA ke abhAva rUpa guNa kA nAma amUrtatva hai| ayogikevalI--jo zukla-dhyAna rUpa agni se ghAtiyA kamoM ko naSTa karake yoga se rahita ho jAte haiM, ve ayogakevalI yA ayogikevalI haiN| aratirati---arati mohanIya ke udaya se hone vAlI citta ke udvega rUpa rati ke phalasvarUpa jo viSayoM meM mana kA anurAga hotA hai, vaha aratirati hai| arUpI--jo zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza se rahita haiM, ve arUpI haiN| arthAvagraha-vyaMjanAvagraha ke antima samaya meM gRhIta zabdAdi artha ke avagrahaNa kA nAma arthAvagraha hai| ardhamAgadhI bhASA--jo bhASA Adhe magadha meM bolI jAtI thI athavA jo aThAraha dezI bhASAoM meM niyata thI, usakA nAma ardhamAgadhI hai| aloka-loka ke bAhara jitanA bhI ananta AkAza hai, vaha saba alokAkAza athavA aloka kahalAtA hai| avagraha-padArtha aura use viSaya karane vAlI indriyoM kA yogya deza meM saMyoga hone ke anantara usakA jo sAmAnya pratibhAsa rUpa darzana hotA hai, usake anantara vastu kA jo prathama bodha hotA hai, vaha avagraha hai| avasantra-sAmAcArI ke viSaya meM pramAdayukta zramaNa avasanna kahalAtA hai| avasarpiNI-jisa kAla meM jIvoM ke anubhava, Ayu, pramANa aura zarIrAdi krama se ghaTate jAte haiM, vaha avasarpiNI kAla hai| avAya-bhASAdi vizeSa ke jJAna se yathArtha rUpa meM jAnanA, avAya hai| jaiseyaha dakSiNa dizA hI hai| yaha yuvaka hai| avigraha gati-vigraha kA artha rukAvaTa yA vakratA hai| jisase jIva kI gati vakra yA mor3a rahita hotI hai vaha avigraha gati hai / eka samaya vAlI gati avigraha gati hai| avipAka nirjarA-jisa karma kA udaya saMprati prApta nahIM huA hai use tapa

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684 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa caraNa Adi rUpa aupakramika kriyAvizeSa ke sAmarthya se balapUrvaka udayAvalI meM praveza . karAke Amra Adi phaloM ke pAka ke sadRza vedana karanA avipAka nirjarA hai| avirati----hiMsAdi pApoM se nivRtta hone kA nAma virati hai, aura isa prakAra kI virati kA abhAva avirati hai| adhyAvAdha sukha--jo anupama, aparimita, avinazvara, karmamala se rahita janma, jarA, roga, bhaya Adi kI bAdhA se rahita sukha hai vaha abyAvAdha hai| azrutanidhita-binA zAstrAbhyAsa ke svAbhAvika viziSTa kSayopazama ke vaza jo autpattikI, vainayikI Adi cAra buddhi se viziSTa jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha azrutanizrita Abhinibodhika matijJAna hai| asat-utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvya svarUpa se viparIta sat asat hai| asaMzI-jo jIva mana ke abhAva ke kAraNa zikSA, upadeza aura AlApa Adi grahaNa na kara sake, vaha asaMjJI hai| ... asaMyama-SaTkAya ke jIvoM kA ghAta karane evaM indriya va mana ko niyantrita na rakhane kA nAma asaMyama hai| asAtAvevanIya-jisa karma kA vedana-anubhavana paritApa ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha asAtAvedanIya hai| asura-jinakA svabhAva hiMsAdi pradhAna hotA hai| astikAya-- aneka pradezI dravyoM ko astikAya kahate haiN| 'AkAza---jo dharma, adharma, kAla, pudgala aura sabhI jIvoM ko sthAna detA hai, vaha AkAza hai| Agama-pUrvAparavirodhAdi doSoM se rahita, zuddha, Apta ke vacana ko Agama kahate haiN| AcAra--jisameM zramaNoM ke AcAra, bhikSA vidhi, vinaya, vinaya phala, zikSA, bhASA, abhASA, caraNa, karaNa, saMyamayAtrA Adi kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, usakA nAma AcAra hai| 'AjJAvyavahAra--dezAntara-sthita guru ko apane doSoM kI AlocanA kara lene ke lie kisI agItArtha ke dvArA Agama bhASA meM patra likhakara bhejane evaM guru ke dvArA bhI usI prakAra guDha padoM meM hI nizcita artha ke mejane ko AjJAvyavahAra kahA jAtA hai| Atapa--sUrya Adi ke nimitta se jo uSNa prakAza hotA hai, vaha Atapa hai| 'Atma-tattva-mana kI vikSepa-rahita avasthA kA nAma Atma-tattva hai| Atma-pravAya----AtmA ke astitva, nAstitva, nityatva, anityatva, katatvabhoktatva Adi dharma evaM SaTjIvanikAyoM ke pratipAdana karane vAle pUrva kA nAma AtmapravAda hai|

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pAribhASika zabda koza 685 .. AtmAMgula----bharata-airavata kSetroM meM samutpanna vibhinna kAlavartI mAnavoM ke aMgula ko, usa-usa samaya ke aMgula pramANa ko AtmAMgula kahA jAtA hai| yaha pratyeka vyakti kA apanA aMgula hotA hai| . . .... Ayambila-jisameM vigaya, ghRta, dUdha, dahI, tela aura miSThAnna, tyAgakara kevala dina meM eka bAra anna khAyA jAya aura garama pAnI pIyA jAya vaha Ayambila hai| . . Abhigrahika-yahI darzana ThIka hai, anya koI bhI darzana ThIka nahIM hai| isa prakAra ke kadAgraha se nirmita mithyAtva kA nAma AbhigrAhaka hai| ...... ...- Abhinivezika mithyAtva-apane pakSa ko asatya jAnakara bhI usakI sthApanA karane ke lie dunivizika (durAgraha karanA) krnaa| mAyukarma-naraka Adi gati ko prApta karAne vAle karma ko Ayu karma kahate haiN| Arambha----jIvoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAne vAlI jo pravRtti hai, vaha Arambha hai| ArambhikI kriyA-pRthvIkAya Adi jIvoM ke saMhAra rUpa Arambha hI jisa kriyA kA rUpa ho, vaha ArambhikI kriyA hai| ArAdhaka- jo pA~ca indriyoM ko apane adhIna rakhatA hai| mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti meM pUrNa sAvadhAna hai| tapa, niyama va saMyama meM jo satata saMlagna hai, vaha ArAdhaka kahalAtA hai| . ArAma-vividha jAti ke puSpoM se suzobhita upavana ko ArAma kahate haiN| .... Arjava dharma-mAyA kA parityAga kara nirmala antaHkaraNa se pravRtti karanA Arjava dharma hai|... . . ... ..AtaM-dhyAna-----aniSTa kA saMyoga hone para use dUra karane ke lie; iSTa kA viyoga hone para usakI prApti ke lie; pIr3A ke hone para usake parihAra ke lie evaM AgAmI kAla meM sukha kI prApti ke lie punaH punaH cintavana karanA; ArtadhyAna kahA jAtA hai| ... Alambana----sampUrNa loka dhyAna ke AlambanoM se bharA hai| dhyAtA zramaNa jisa kisI bhI vastu ko AdhAra banAkara mana se cintana karatA hai, vahI vastu usake lie dhyAna kA Alambana bana jAtI hai| ... AlocanA-guru ke samakSa apane doSoM ko prakaTa kara denaa| Avazyaka-jo avazya hI karane yogya hai, vaha Avazyaka hai|| AvIcimaraNa-'vIci' nAma taraMga kA hai| taraMga ke samAna jo nirantara Ayukarma ke niSekoM kA pratikSaNa krama se udaya hotA hai usake anubhavana ko AvIcimaraNa kahate haiN| AsevanAkuzIla-saMyama kI viparIta ArAdhanA yA asaMyama kA sevana karane vAle zramaNa ko AsevanAkuzIla kahate haiN|

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jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pariziSTa Alaya - mana, vacana aura kAyA kI kriyA rUpa jo yoga hai, vaha Asrava hai / athavA jisase karma pravAha AtA hai ve midhyAtva, avrata Adi Asrava haiM / AhAra -- zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se deha, vacana aura dravyamana rUpa banane yogya nokarmavarmaNA kA jo grahaNa hotA hai, use AhAra kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM tIna zarIra aura chaha paryAptiyoM ke yogya pudgaloM ke grahaNa ko AhAra kahate haiN| AhAra paryApti-bAhya AhAra pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake khala bhAga, rasa bhAga meM pariNamana karane kI jIva kI zakti-vizeSa kI paripUrNatA / AhAraka zarIra caturdazapUrvadhara muni viziSTa kArya hetu, jaise kisI bhI vastu meM sandeha samutpanna ho jAe yA tIrthaMkara ke Rddhi darzana kI icchA ho jAe taba AhArakavargaNA dvArA jo svahastapramANa putalA (zarIra) banAte haiM vaha AhAraka zarIra hai / 686 (i) iGginI- anazana-Agama vihita eka kriyA-vizeSa kA nAma iMginI hai| use jAnakara jIva-jantu rahita ekAnta svIkAra karane vAlA sAdhaka Ayu kI hAni ko sthAna meM rahatA huA cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA parityAga karatA hai| vaha chAyA se uSNa pradeza meM va uSNa se chAyA pradeza meM saMkramaNa karatA huA sAvadhAna rahakara evaM dhyAna meM rata rahakara prANoM kA parityAga karatA hai, vaha iMginI anazana hai / itvara anazana --- parimita samaya taka ke lie jo tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, vaha itvara anazana hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke samaya meM utkRSTa 12 mahine se adhika ( samvatsara) anazana tapa thaa| bhagavAna ajita se lekara bhagavAna pArzva taka utkRSTa ATha mahine kA anazana mahAvIra ke samaya chaha mAha kA anazana thA / indra - anya devoM meM nahIM pAI jAne vAlI asAdhAraNa aNimA, mahimA Adi RddhiyoM ke dhAraka aise devAdhipati indra haiM / indriya- parama aizvarya ko prApta karane indra jisake dvArA sunatA hai, dekhatA hai, sUMghatA hai, indriyA~ haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, jo jIva ko artha kI indriyA~ haiM / vAle AtmA ko indra kahA hai| vaha cakhatA hai evaM sparza karatA hai, ve upalabdhi meM nimitta hotI haiM, ve indriyasaMyama-pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM meM Asakti kA abhAva indriyasaMyama hai| ibhya -- jisake pAsa saMcita suvarNa ratnAdi kI rAzi se antarita hAthI bhI dRSTigocara na ho, usa atidhanavAna puruSa ko ibhya kahate haiM / (I) ture kriyA-IrSyA kA artha yoga hai| ekamAtra usa yoga ke dvArA jo karma AtA hai vaha IryApatha karma hai| IryApatha karma kI kAraNabhUta kriyA IryApatha kriyA hai / IrSyA samiti - dina meM samyak prakAra se nihArate hue vivekapUrvaka calanA IryA samiti hai /

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pAribhASika zabda koza 687 IhA avagraha se jAne gaye padArtha ko vizeSa jAnane kI icchA IhA hai| UhA, apohA, mArgaNA, ye IhA ke paryAyavAcI haiM / (u) ucca gotra-jisake udaya se jIva uttama jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, aizvarya aura zruta Adi ke dvArA jagata meM Adara-satkAra ko prApta karatA hai, vaha ucca gotra hai / ucchavAsa - saMkhyAta AvalI pramANa kAla ko ucchavAsa kahate haiM / uttaraguNa-mUlaguNoM se bhinna piNDazuddhi Adi uttaraguNa mAne jAte haiM / uttarAdhyayana-krama kI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke uttara (bAda) meM par3hA jAne vAlA Agama / utpAda pUrva- jisa pUrva zruta meM kAla, pudgala aura jIva naya kI apekSA se hone vAlI utpatti kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai, Adi kI paryAyArthika vaha utpAdapUrva hai / utsarga - bAla, vRddha Adi zramaNa ke dvArA bhI mUlabhUta saMyama kA vinAza na ho, prastuta dRSTi se jo zuddha Atma-tattva ke sAdhanabhUta apane yogya kaThora saMyama kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha utsarga mArga hai / utsarpiNI- jisa kAla meM jIvoM ke Ayu, zarIra kI U~cAI aura vibhUti Adi kI uttarottara vRddhi ho use utsarpiNI kahate haiM / utsUtra - tIrthaMkara yA gaNadharoM ne jisakA upadeza nahIM diyA ho, aise tattva kA apanI kalpanA se artha karanA utsUtra hai, kyoMki isa prakAra kA kathana siddhAnta ke bahirbhUta hai / utsevAMgula - ATha yava madhyoM kA eka utsedhAMgula hotA hai / udaya-dravyAdi kA nimitta pAkara jo karma kA phala prApta hotA hai, vaha udaya hai| udIraNA -- udaya kAla ko prApta nahIM hue karmoM kA AtmA ke adhyavasAyavizeSa arthAt prayatnavizeSa se niyata samaya se pUrva udayahetu udayAvalI meM praviSTa karanA, avasthita karanA yA niyata samaya se pUrva karma kA udaya meM AnA, athavA anudyakAla ko prApta karmoM ko phalodaya kI sthiti meM lA denA / unmAna - jisake dvArA Upara uThAkara tagara Adi auSadhi taule jAte haiM, aisI tarAjU ko unmAna kahA jAtA hai / *. upacaya - gRhIta karma pudgaloM ke abAdhA kAla ko chor3akara Age jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM kA svarUpa se nisiJcana karanA, kSepaNa karanA upacaya hai / upacAra vinaya - AcArya Adi ke sanmukha khar3A honA, sanmukha jAnA, hAtha jor3akara praNAma karanA Adi upacAra vinaya hai /

Page #717
jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA pariziSTa upapAta - jisa janma kA kAraNa upapAta kSetra mAtra hotA hai use upapAta janma kahate haiM / yaha janma vastra vizeSa ke Upara aura devadRSya ke nIce vaikriyika zarIra ke yogya dravya ke grahaNa se hotA hai| upayoga-bAhya aura abhyantara kAraNa ke vaza jo cetanatA kA anusaraNa karane vAlA pariNAma utpanna hotA hai, vaha upayoga hai / upazama- AtmA meM kAraNavaza karma ke phala dene kI zakti ke pragaTa na hone ko upazama kahate haiM / * 68 upazamasamyaktva-darzanamohanIya ke upazama se utpanna hone vAle samyaktva ko upazama samyaktva kahate haiN| upazAntakaSAya sampUrNa mohakarma kA upazama karane vAle gyArahaveM guNasthAnavartI jIva ko upazAntakaSAya kahate haiM / upAsakadazA-jisa aMga meM zramaNopAsakoM ke aNuvrata, guNavrata, pauSadha, upavAsa Adi kI vidhi, pratimA kI carcA ho / upodghAta -- jisakA prayojana upakrama se uddiSTa vastu kA prabodha karAnA hotA hai, vaha upodghAta hai / (35) Urdhvaloka-- madhya loka ke Upara jo khar3e kiye hue mRdaMga ke samAna loka hai vaha Urdhvaloka hai| (*) RjutA kapaTa se rahita mana, vacana, kAya kI sarala pravRtti RjutA kahalAtI hai / Rjumati para ke mana meM sthita mana, vacana, kAya se kiye gaye artha ke jJAna se nirvArtita sarala buddhi Rjumati manaH paryavajJAna hai / RjusUtra tInoM kAloM ke pUrvApara viSayoM ko chor3akara jo kevala vartamAna kAlabhAvI viSaya ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha RjusUtranaya hai| (e) ekAsana -- jisa niyama vizeSa meM eka Asana meM sthira hokara jo bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha ekAsana hai; athavA dina meM eka bAra AhAra grahaNa karanA ekAsana kahalAtA hai / ekendriya-ve jIva jinake ekendriya jAti nAmakarma kA udaya hotA hai aura jinameM eka sparzana indriya hI pAI jAtI hai / evambhUtanaya-jo dravya jisa prakAra kI kriyA se pariNata ho usakA usI prakAra se nizcaya karAne vAle naya ko evambhUtanaya kahate haiN| eSaNA samiti-kRta, kArita evaM anumodanA doSoM se rahita dUsaroM ke dvArA diye gaye prAsuka va prazasta bhojana ko grahaNa karanA eSaNA samiti hai /

Page #718
.. . pAribhASika zabda koza (o) oNamAhAra--janma lene ke samaya jo sarvaprathama AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha oja AhAra hai| audAyika bhAva-karma ke udaya se utpanna bhAva audayika bhAva hai| auvArika mizra-prArambha kiyA huA audArika zarIra jaba taka pUrNa nahIM hotA taba taka vaha kArmaNa zarIra ke sAtha audArika mizra kahalAtA hai| audArika zarIra-udAra kA artha sthUla dravya hai| jo zarIra sthUla dravya se nirmita hotA hai vaha audArika hai| aunodarya-pramANa prApta AhAra meM se kama karate hue AhAra grahaNa karanA / aupazamika samyaktva-mohanIyakarma kI sAta prakRtiyoM ke upazama se hone vAle samyaktva ko aupazamika samyaktva kahA gayA hai| kathA---tapa va saMyama guNoM ke dhAraka zramaNa jo samasta prANiyoM ke hitArtha jina pavitra AkhyAnoM Adi kA nirUpaNa karate haiM, ve kathA haiN| kanvarSa---rAga ke Adhikya se hAsya mizrita aziSTa vacanoM ko bolnaa| kApotaleNyA-matsara bhAva rakhanA, cugalI karanA, svaprazaMsA, paranindA, nirAzA ke sAgara meM DubakI lagAnA Adi kApotalezyA ke lakSaNa haiN| karaNa...jIva kI jo viziSTa zakti karmabandhAdi ke pariNamana karane meM samartha hotI hai; athavA jIva kA pariNAmavizeSa karaNa hai| karaNAnuyoga-loka-aloka ke vibhAga, yugoM ke parivartana aura cAra gatiyoM ke svarUpa ko spaSTa dikhalAne vAle jJAna ko karaNAnuyoga kahA jAtA hai / karaNA-dUsare jIvoM ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane kI icchA karuNA hai| karma-mithyAtva, avirata, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke nimitta se huI jIva kI pravRtti dvArA AkRSTa evaM sambaddha tathA yogya pudgala paramANu / kavAya--Atma-guNoM ko kase, naSTa kare, yA jisake dvArA janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra kI prApti ho; athavA jo samyaktva, dezacAritra, sakalacAritra aura yathAkhyAta cAritra ko na hone de, vaha kaSAya hai| kaSAyamohanIya karma ke udayajanya saMsAra vRddhi ke kAraNa rUpa mAnasika vikAra kaSAya haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM samabhAva kI maryAdA ko tor3anA, cAritramohanIya ke udaya se kSamA, vinaya, santoSa Adi Atmika guNoM ko pragaTa na hone denA kaSAya hai| kavAyakuzIla-anya kaSAyoM ke udaya para vijaya pAkara bhI jo kevala saMjvalana kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hote haiM, ve kaSAyakuzIla haiN| kavAya samudghAtakaSAya kI tIvratA se jIva pradeza jo zarIra se tigune phaila jAte haiM, vaha kaSAya samudghAta hai|

Page #719
660 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa kaSAyasaMllekhanA---pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi kA nAma kaSAyasaMllekhanA hai jisameM krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko kRza kiyA jAtA hai| kAma-rAga-viSayoM ke sAdhanabhUta abhIpsita vastuoM meM rAga honA kAma-rAga hai| kAya-----jisakI racanA evaM vRddhi audArika, vaikriya Adi pudgaloM ke skandha se hotI hai athavA jo nAmakarma ke udaya se niSpanna hotA hai athavA jAti nAmakarma ke avinAbhAvI basa aura sthAvara nAma karma ke udaya se hone vAlI AtmA kI paryAya vizeSa / kAya-kleza-kAyotsarga, vividha prakAra ke Asana Adi se zarIra ko kaSTa' phuNcaanaa| kAya-gupti---zayana, Asana, AdAna-nikSepa, sthAna aura gamana Adi kriyAoM ke karate samaya zarIra kI pravRtti ko niyamita rakhanA, sAvadhAnIpUrvaka una kAryoM ko karanA, kAyagupti hai| kAya-yoga----vIryAntarAya ke kSayopazama ke sadbhAva meM audArika evaM audArikamizra Adi sAta prakAra kI vargaNAoM meM se kisI eka kA Alambana lekara jo AtmapradezoM meM parispandana hotA hai, vaha kAya-yoga hai| kAya-sthiti-eka kAya ko arthAt audArika Adi zarIra ko na chor3akara usake rahane taka vividha bhavoM ko grahaNa karate hue jitanA kAla vyatIta hotA hai, vaha kAya-sthiti hai| kAyotsarga-zarIra ke mamatva kA parityAga kara Atmastha honA athavA jinezvara devoM ke guNoM kA mana meM utkIrtana karanA / kArmaNa----jo sabhI zarIroM kI utpatti kA bIjabhUta zarIra hai---unakA kAraNa hai-vaha kArmaNa zarIra hai| kArmaNa kAyayoga-saba zarIroM ke bIjabhUta zarIra ko kArmaNa zarIra kahA hai / mana, bacana evaM kAya vargaNAoM ke nimittabhUta Atma-pradeza parispanda kA nAma yoga hai / kArmaNa zarIra ke dvArA jo yoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha kArmaNa kAyayoga hai| kAla-jo paMca varNa, paMca rasa, do gaMdha va aSTa spazoM se rahita, chaha prakAra kI hAni-vRddhi svarUpa, aguru-laghu guNa se saMyukta hokara vartanA--svayaM pariNamate hue dravyoM ke pariNamana meM sahakAritA--lakSaNa vAlA hai, vaha kAla hai| ... kAlavAda--kAla hI sabako utpanna karatA hai, kAla hI sabakA vinAza karatA hai aura prasupta prANiyoM ke bhItara bhI jAgrata rahatA hai, usake sAtha koI bhI vaMcanA nahIM kara sakatA, isa prakAra kAla ko mahattva denA kAlavAda hai| kAla-saMsthAnamA kAla kA kSetra mAnava-loka hai| vahI kAla-saMsthAna hai, arthAta AkAra jAnanA cAhie, kyoMki sUrya kA saMcAra mAnava-loka ke atirikta kahIM nahIM hai, ataH use upacAra se kAla-saMsthAna kahA hai|

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pAribhASika zabda koza 661 kAluSya-kaSAyoM se utpanna kSobha kAluSya hai| - kakSA---isa loka sambandhI aura paraloka sambandhI viSayoM kI AkAMkSA, kAMkSA hai / yaha samyagdarzana kA aticAra hai| kilviSa-jo deva antyavAsiyoM ke samAna hote haiM, ve kilviSa hai| kilbiSa nAma pApa kA hai / pApa se yukta deva kilviSika kahalAte haiN| kudharma-mithyASTiyoM se prarUpita jisameM hiMsAdi pApoM kI malinatA hotI hai, vaha dharma nahIM hai, kudharma hai| kula-dIkSA pradAna karane vAle AcArya kI ziSya-paramparA / athavA pitA kI vaMza-zuddhi ko kula kahA hai / kulakara-karmabhUmi ke prArambha meM jo kUloM kI vyavasthA karane meM dakSa hote haiM, ve kulakara haiN| bhagavAna RSabha ke pitA nAbhirAya kulakara the| kUTalekha-banAvaTI yA jAlI lekha likhanA yA mohara Adi kA aMkana karanA kUTalekha hai| . .. kaTasAkSika-rizvata lekara yA mAtsarya Adi ke vaza hokara asatya bhASaNa karanA ki maiM isa viSaya meM sAkSI huuN| kRta-yugma---cAra kA bhAga dene para jisa saMkhyA meM cAra avasthita raheM, arthAt cAra se jo apahRta ho jAtI hai, zeSa kucha bhI nahIM rahatA, vaha kRta-yugma rAzi hai|. kRta-yugma kalyoja-jisa rAzi ko cAra se bhAjita karane para eka zeSa rahe aura apahAra ke samaya kRta-yugma hoM, vaha kRta-yugma kalyoja rAzi hai| jaise 17:44 zeSa 1 / kRtayugmakRtayugma rAzi-jisa rAzi ko cAra bhAgahAra se bhAjita karane para cAra zeSa raheM aura jise apahAra ke samaya kRta-yugma hoM, vaha kRtayugmakRtayugma rAzi kahalAtI hai| jaise 16:44 // kRtayugma yoja-jisa rAzi ko cAra bhAgahAra se bhAjita karane para tIna zeSa raheM aura apahAra ke samaya kRtayugma hoM, vaha kRtayugma tryoja rAzi kahalAtI hai| jaise 16:44, zeSa 3 / kRtayugma dvAparayugma-jisa rAzi ko cAra bhAgahAra se bhAjita karane para do zeSa raheM aura apahAra ke samaya kRtayugma hoM, vaha kRtayugma dvAparayugma rAzi kahalAtI hai| kRSNalezyA-nirdayI, krUra svabhAvI, madya-mAMsa evaM yuddha Adi meM Asakta, jisake pariNAma kauve ke samAna va khaMjana pakSI ke samAna kAle hote haiN| kevalajJAna-jo jJAna kevala, matijJAnAdi se rahita, paripUrNa, asAdhAraNa, anya kI apekSA se rahita, vizuddha, samasta padArthoM kA prakAzaka, loka va aloka kA jJAtA hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai| kevalavarzanatInoM kAloM ke viSayabhUta, ananta paryAyoM se saMyukta, niz2a ke

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662 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa svarUpa kA jo saMvedana hotA hai, vaha kevaladarzana hai; athavA AvaraNa kA pUrNayatA kSaya ho jAne para jo binA kisI anya kI sahAyatA se samasta "mUrta, amUrta dravyoM ko sAmAnya se jAnatA hai, vaha kevaladarzana hai| kevalisamudghAta--Ayu karma kI sthiti alpa aura vedanIya kI sthiti adhika hone para use anAbhogapUrvaka arthAt binA upayoga ke Ayu ke samAna karane ke lie kevalI bhagavAna ke Atma-pradeza mUla zarIra se bAhara nikalate haiM vaha kevalisamudghAta hai| kriyA--kriyA nAma gati kA hai| jo prayoga gati, virasA gati aura mizrikA gati ke bheda se tIna prakAra kI hai| kriyAvAdI-kartA ke binA kriyA saMbhava nahIM hai| etadartha usakA samavAya AtmA meM hai ; aisA kahane vAle kriyAvAdI haiM / isI upAya se ve AtmA Adi ke astitva ko jAnate haiN| krodha-mohanIya karma ke udaya se jo aprIti rUpa dvaSamaya pariNAma utpanna hotA hai, vaha krodha hai / samabhAva ko vismRta hokara Akroza meM bhara jAnA, dUsaroM para roSa karanA krodha hai| kSapakazreNI----mohanIya karma kA kSaya karatA huA AtmA jisa zreNI--apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, sUkSya samparAya aura kSINamoha ina cAra guNasthAnoM rUpa nasainI sopAna--para ArUDha hotA hai, vaha kSapakazreNI hai| kSamA-krodha kI utpatti ke nimittabhUta bAhya kAraNa ke pratyakSa meM hone para bhI kiJcit mAtra bhI krodha na karanA kSamA hai| kSaya-karmoM kI Atyantika nivRtti arthAt pUrNa rUpa se naSTa ho jAnA kSaya hai| kSayopazama---vartamAna kAla meM sarvaghAtI sparddhakoM kA udayAbhAvI kSaya aura AgAmI kAla kI dRSTi se unhIM kA saavasthA rUpa upazama va dezadhAti sparddhakoM kA udaya kSayopazama hai| arthAt karma ke udayAvalI meM praviSTa manda rasa sparddhaka kA kSaya aura anudayamAna rasa sparddhaka kI sarvaghAtinI vipAka zakti kA nirodha yA dezavAti rUpa meM pariNamana va tIvra zakti kA manda zakti meM pariNamana (upazamana) kSayopazama hai| kSayopazama samyaktva-jo mithyAtva udaya ko prApta huA hai use kSINa karanA aura jo udaya ko aprApta hai use upazAnta karanA / isa prakAra kSaya ke sAtha upazama rUpa mizra avasthA ko prApta honA, kSayopazama hai| isa prakAra ke kSayopazama se utpanna hone vAle tattvArtha zraddhAna ko kSayopazama samyaktva kahA hai| sAyika samyaktva-anantAnubandhI catuSka, samyaktva, mithyAtva aura samyak mithyAtva; ina sAta prakRtiyoM ke atyanta kSaya se jo samyaktva prAdurbhUta hotA hai vaha kSAyika samyaktva hai| kSAyika samyagdRSTi-vedaka samyagdRSTi hokara, prazama-saMbeda Adi se sahita hote hue jinendra bhagavAna kI bhakti ke prabhAva se jisakI bhAvanAe~ vRddhigata haI haiM

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pAribhASika zabda koza 663 aisA mAnava jahA~ kevalI bhagavAna virAjamAna haiM vahA~ moha kI kSapaNA ko prArambha karatA hai para niSThApaka vaha cAroM gatiyoM meM se kisI bhI gati meM ho sakatA hai, arthAta sAtoM prakRtiyoM kA parNatayA kSaya karake samyaktva prApta karane vAlA jIva / kSAyopazamika zAna----matijJAnAvaraNAdi aura bIryAntarAya karma ke sarvaghAtI sparddhakoM ke udayAbhAvI kSaya se tathA anudaya prApta unhIM ke sadavasthA rUpa upazama se hone vAle matijJAna Adi jJAnoM ko kSAyopazamika jJAna kahA hai| kSINakaSAya-jisakI sabhI kaSAyeM naSTa ho cukI haiN| vaha sphaTikamaNimaya pAtra meM sthita jala ke samAna nirmala mana kI pariNati se .sahita huA hai, vaha kSINa kaSAya hai| gaccha---eka AcArya ke netRtva meM rahane vAle zramaNoM ke samUha ko gaccha kahate haiN| . gaNa---jo zramaNa sthavira maryAdA ke upadezaka yA zruta meM vRddha hote haiM, unake samUha ko gaNa kahA jAtA hai| gaNadhara-jo gaNa kA rakSaNa karatA hai aura anupama jJAna-darzanAdi rUpa dharmaguNa ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha gaNadhara hai| gaNI-----gyAraha aMgoM ke jJAtA ko gaNI kahate haiM; athavA jo gaccha kA svAmI ho, vaha gaNI hai| .. gaNDikA-eka vaktavyatA rUpa arthAdhikAra se anugata vAkya paddhatiyoM ko gaNDikA kahate haiN| gaNDikAnuyoga...--gaNDikAoM ke artha kI kathana vidhi gaNDikAnuyoga hai| gati-gati nAmakarma ke udaya se jo ceSTA nirmita hotI hai vaha gati hai| jisase jIva manuSya, tiryaca, deva yA nAraka vyavahAra kA adhikArI kahalAtA hai vaha gati hai athavA cAroM gatiyoM meM gamana karane ke kAraNa ko bhI gati kahate haiN| garbhajanmA-garbha se utpanna hone vAle jIvoM ko garbhajanmA kahate haiN| garhA-dUsaroM ke samakSa jo AtmanindA kI jAtI hai, vaha garhA hai / gavyUta-do hajAra dhanuSa ko gavyUta (koza) kahate haiN| guNa---jo dravya ke Azraya se rahA karate haiM tathA svayaM anya guNoM se rahita hote haiM, ve guNa haiN| guNavata-aNuvratoM ke upakAraka hone se digvata, anarthadaNDavrata, bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata ko guNavrata kahA gayA hai| guNaveNi-pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi kI vRddhi se apavartanAkaraNa ke dvArA uparitana sthiti se hIna karake antarmuhUrta kAla taka prati samaya uttarottara asaMkhyAta guNita vRddhi ke krama se karma-pradezoM kI nirjarA ke lie jo racanA hotI hai, vaha guNazreNI hai|

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jIva ke svabhAvako guNa kahate haiM, aura unake sthAna ke utkarSa evaM apakarSajanya svarUpa vizeSa kA bheda guNasthAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to, darzanamohanIya Adi karmoM ke udaya, upazama, kSayopazama, Adi avasthAoM ke hone para utpanna hone vAle jina bhAvoM se jIva lakSita hote haiM, una bhAvoM ko guNasthAna kahate haiN| gupti-samyagdarzana pUrvaka mana, vacana evaM kAya yogoM ke nigraha karane ko gupti kahate haiN| gRhastha......zrAvakocita nitya evaM naimittika anuSThAnoM ko karane vAle mAnavoM ko gRhastha kahA hai| gotra----jisake dvArA jIva U~ca aura nIca kahA jAtA hai, yaha gotra karma hai / grantha.....jisake dvArA athavA jisameM artha ko gUMthA jAtA hai vaha grantha hai| pranthi-jaise kisI vRkSa vizeSa kI kaThora gA~Tha atizaya durbhedya hotI hai usI prakAra karmodaya se utpanna jo jIva ke ghanIbhUta rAga-dveSa pariNAma usa gA~Tha ke sadRza durbhedya hote haiM ataH unheM granthi kahA hai| javeyaka... loka rUpa puruSa ke grIvA sthAna para avasthita vimAnoM ko veyaka kahate haiN| 'ghAtikarma-kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, samyaktva va cAritra, evaM vIrya rUpa jIva guNoM ke ghAtaka jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAra karma dhAtikarma haiN| - cakravartI-SaTakhaNDa bharata kSetra ke adhipati evaM battIsa hajAra mukuTabaddha rAjAoM ke svAmI cakravartI haiN| cakSa varzana--cakSu ke dvArA hone vAle padArtha ke sAmAnya dharma ke bodha ko cakSudarzana kahA hai| caturvizatistava-caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti ! cannaprajJapti---candramA ke vimAna, AyupramANa, parivAra, candra kA gamanavizeSa, usase utpanna hone vAle dina-rAtri kA pramANa Adi kI jisameM prarUpaNA hai| caraNAnuyoga----gRhastha evaM zramaNoM ke cAritra kI utpatti, vRddhi evaM rakSA ke vidhAna karane vAle anuyoga ko caraNAnuyoga kahA hai| cAritra-----hisA Adi kI nivRtti aura samatA Adi meM prvtti| ... cAritra mohanIya--jisa karma se cAritra vikRta hotA hai, vaha cAritra mohanIya hai| cyavana......vaimAnika aura jyotiSI devoM ke maraNa ko cyavana yA cyuti kahA hai|

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pAribhASika zabda koza 665 (cha) chapastha----jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa karma kA nAma chapa hai, isa chadha meM jo sthita rahate haiM, vaha chamastha haiM / cheda-saMyama kI vizuddhi hetu doSa lagane para usakA pariSkAra karane kA nAma cheda hai| chedopasthApana-jisa cAritra meM pUrva paryAya ko chedakara use khaNDita karamahAvratoM meM sthApita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha chedopasthApana cAritra hai| jaGghAcAraNa-eka labdhi vizeSa hai jisase AkAza meM gamana kiyA jAtA hai| ..jambUdIpa----manuSya loka ke ThIka madhya meM eka lAkha yojana vistAra vAlA samAna gola AkRti vAlA jambUdvIpa hai| jambUdIpaprajJapti-jisameM jambUdvIpastha bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmi meM utpanna hue vividha prakAra ke manuSya, tiryaJca jIvoM kA; tathA parvata, graha, nadI, vedikA, varSa, AvAsa, Adi kA varNana ho| jarAyu-garbha meM prANI ke zarIra ko AcchAdita karane vAlA jo vistRta rudhira aura mAMsa rahatA hai vaha jarAyu hai / jo jarAyu meM utpanna hote haiM ve jarAyuja kahalAte haiN| jina-jinhoMne krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko jIta liyA hai, ve jima haiN| jinakalpika rAga-dveSa evaM moha se rahita hokara upasarga va parISahoM ko sahana karane vAle jo zramaNa jinadeva ke sadRza kalpa kA pAlana karate haiM, ve jina kalpika haiN| jIva-jo caitanya pariNAmasvarUpa upayoga se vizeSatA ko prApta haiM, ve jIva haiN| vaha dravya bhAva karmoM ke Asrava Adi kA svAmI, karmoM kA kartA, bhoktA, prApta zarIra ke pramANa, karma ke sAtha hone vAle ekatva pariNAma kI apekSA mUrta aura karma se saMyukta hai| jugupsA-jisa karma ke udaya se apane doSoM kA saMvaraNa aura para ke doSoM kA prakAzana kiyA jAtA hai, baha jugupsA nokaSAya hai| jJAtAdharmakathA-jisa aMga dhata meM udAharaNabhUta puruSoM; aura unake nagara, udyAna evaM caitya Adi kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha zAtAdharmakathA hai| jJAnAvaraNa-jJAna ke Avaraka karma ko jJAnAvaraNa kahate haiN| By: tapa---jo aSTa prakAra kI karma granthi ko saMtapta karatA hai, naSTa karatA hai vaha tapa hai| 4 tAjisa jJAna ke dvArA, vyApti se sAdhya-sAdhana rUpa arthoM ke sambandha kA nizcaya karake anumAna meM pravRtti hotI hai, vaha tarka hai| ..

Page #725
jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa tarkazAstra -- jo durgama mithyAmata rUpa mahAna kIcar3a ke sukhA dene meM sUrya ke samAna samartha hotA hai, vaha tarkazAstra hai / talavara --- prasanna hue rAjA ke dvArA diye gaye suvarNamaya paTTabandha se jo bhUSita hotA hai, vaha talavara hai / tApasa- jaTAdhArI vanavAsI paMcAgni tapa karane vAle sAdhuoM ko tApasa kahA gayA hai / 666 tiryagAyu jisa karma ke udaya se jIva kA tiryaJca paryAya meM avasthAna hotA hai vaha tiryagA karma hai / tiryaga - jinameM mana-vacana kAyA kI virUpatA hotI hai, jinakI AhArAdi saMjJAe~ pragaTa haiM, jo atizaya ajJAnI haiM, tathA atyanta pApI haiM ve tiryaga kahalAte haiN| tiryagloka - eka lAkha yojana ke sAtaveM bhAga mAtra sUcI aMgula ke bAhalya rUpa jaga pratara ko tiryagloka kahate haiN| tIrtha zrAvaka-zrAvikA, zramaNa zramaNI isa catuvidha saMgha ko tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara jo anupama parAkrama ke dhAraka, krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke ucchedaka, aparimita jJAnI - kevalajJAna se sampanna, saMsAra samudra ke pAraMgata, sugati-gatigata uttama paMcama gati ko prApta siddhipatha ke upadezaka haiM, ve tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiM / tIrthakara nAmakarma - jisa karma ke udaya se darzana, jJAna, cAritra svarUpa tIrtha kA pravartana kiyA jAtA hai / AkSepa, saMkSepa, saMvega evaM nirveda dvAra se bhavyajanoM kI siddhi ke lie munidharma va gRhasthadharma kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai; tathA surendra evaM cakravartI se pUjita hotA hai, use tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kahA jAtA hai / tejasa samudhAta jIvoM ke anugraha aura nigraha karane meM samartha aise tejas zarIra ke kAraNabhUta samudghAta ko tejas samudghAta kahate haiM / sa- trasa nAmakarma kA udaya jina jIvoM ko hotA hai, ve jIva sa kahalAte haiM / truTitAGga caurAsI lAkha pUrva varSoM ko eka truTitAMga kahate haiM / (da) dasi - hAtha ke thAla Adi se akhaNDa dhArA pUrvaka jo bhikSA giratI hai use datti kahate haiM / bhikSA kA viccheda hone para pAtra meM eka kaNa gira jAya to bhI datti mAnI jAtI hai| isa prakAra dasiyoM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra bhojana grahaNa karanA / dayA prANiyoM ke prati anukampA karane ko unake duHkha ko dekhakara svayaM duHkha kA anubhava karanA aura unakI rakSA karane kI bhAvanA hRdaya meM AnA, dayA hai| darzana Apta, Agama aura padArthoM meM jo ruci hotI hai use darzana kahate haiM / ruci, pratyaya, zraddhA aura darzana ye samAnArthaka zabda haiN|

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... pAribhASika zabda koza 697 ....darzana (upayoga)-sAmAnya ko pradhAna aura vizeSa ko gauNa kara jo padArtha kA grahaNa hotA hai, vaha darzana upayoga hai| varzanamoha-jo tattvArtha zraddhAna rUpa darzana ko mohita karatA hai, nahIM hone detA athavA bAdhaka banatA hai, vaha darzanamoha hai| varzanAcAra-niHzaMkitAdi ATha aMga yukta samyaktva kA paripAlana karanA darzanAcAra hai| varzanAvaraNa-darzana guNa ke Avaraka karma ko darzanAvaraNa kahate haiN| bazavakAlika-manaka nAmaka putra ke hitArtha AcArya zayyambhava ke dvArA akAla meM race gaye dasa adhyayana svarUpa rAta ko dazakAlika kahA jAtA hai| dAna-apane aura dUsare ke anugraha ke lie jo ghana Adi kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, vaha dAna hai| dAnAntarAya--jisake udaya se dene yogya vastu ke hone para aura grAhaka pAtra 'vizeSa ke upasthita rahane para tathA dAna ke phala ko jAnate hue bhI dene ke lie utsAha nahIM hotA hai, vaha dAnAntarAya hai / dIkSA-samasta Arambha parigraha ke parityAga ko aura vrata grahaNa ko dIkSA kahA hai| duHkha----antaraMga meM asAtAbedanIya karma kA udaya hone para tathA bAhya dravyAdi ke paripAka kA nimitta milane se jo citta meM paritApa pariNAma hotA hai use duHkha kahate haiN| duHkhavipAka---jinameM duHkha ke viSAka se yukta jIvoM ke nagara, udyAna, vana khaNDa, caitya, samavasaraNa, mAtA-pitA, dharmAcArya, dharmakathA, ihalaukika aura pAralaukika Rddhi vizeSa, sarakagatigamana kA varNana hai, vaha duHkhavipAka hai| dRSTivAda-jisa zruta meM sabhI padArthoM kI prarUpaNA kI jAtI hai vaha dRSTivAda hai| devAdhideva-jo arihanta bhagavAna kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana Adi ananta catuSTaya ke dhAraka haiM, ve devAdhideva haiN| dezacAritra---hiMsAdi pApoM se kI jAne vAlI ekadeza virati kA nAma dezacAritra hai| bezanA-chaha dravya, sAta tattva, pA~ca astikAya aura nau padArthoM ke upadeza ko dezanA kahate haiN| .. beza-virati-grAma-nagara Adi ke jitane deza kA pramANa nizcita kiyA gayA hai, usakA nAma deza hai; usake bAhara gamana kA parityAga karanA, dezavirati hai| ' ... dezAvakAzika bata-digvata meM jo dizA kA pramANa kiyA gayA hai usameM pratidina saMkSepa karanA dezAvakAzika vrata hai|

Page #727
668 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa dravya-jo apane svabhAva ko na chor3atA huA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se sambaddha rahakara guNa aura paryAya se sahita hotA hai, vaha dravya hai| jo guNoM kA Azraya hotA hai, vaha dravya hai| dravyakarma-jJAnAbaraNAdi rUpa se pariNata pudgala piNDa ko dravyakarma kahA jAtA hai| dravyanikSepa-jo bhAvI pariNAmavizeSa kI prApti ke prati abhimukha ho---- usakI yogyatA ko dhAraNa karatA ho, vaha dravyanikSepa hai| dravyamana-pudgala vipAkI nAmakarma ke udaya se jo pudgala mana rUpa pariNata hote haiM unheM dravyamana kahA jAtA hai| dravyalezyA-pudgala vipAkI varNa nAmakarma ke udaya se jo lezyA---zarIragatavarNa hotA hai vaha dravyalezyA hai| kRSNa, nIla va pItAdi dravyoM ko hI dravyalezyA kahA jAtA hai| dravyAthikanaya--jo vividha paryAyoM ko vartamAna meM prApta karatA hai, bhaviSya meM prApta karegA aura jisane bhUtakAla meM prApta kiyA hai usakA nAma dravya hai| isa dravya ko viSaya karane vAlA naya dravyAthikanaya hai| dravyAkhava---jJAnAvaraNAdi ke yogya pudgaloM ke Agamana ko dravyAsrava kahate haiN| dravyendriya-nivRtti aura upakaraNa ko dravyendriya kahA jAtA hai| pudgaloM ke dvArA jo bAharI AkAra kI racanA hotI hai use tathA kadamba puSpa Adi ke AkAra se yukta upakaraNa-jJAna ke sAdhanako dravyendriya kahA hai| droNapatha-jo patha nagara, jalamArga, sthalamArga donoM se saMyukta hotA hai, vaha droNapatha hai| dvIpakumAra-jo bhavanavAsI deva kandhoM, bAhuoM ke agra bhAga aura hAthoM meM adhika sundara, varNa se zyAma evaM siMha ke cihna se yukta hote haiM ve dvIpakumAra kahalAte haiN| .....dhanuSa-chayAnava aMgula yA cAra hAtha pramANa mApa ko dhanuSa kahate haiN| dharma-moha aura kSobha se rahita AtmA kA zuddha pariNAma dharma hai| dharmadravya--varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza se rahita, gamana karate hue jIva evaM pudgaloM kI gamana kriyA meM sahAyatA dene vAlA dharma dravya hai| nAraka-jisako naraka gati nAmakarma kA udaya ho athavA jIvoM ko kleza pahuMcAe vaha nAraka hai| dUsare zabdoM meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se jo svayaM tathA paraspara meM prIti ko na prApta karate hoN| nAmanikSepa-nAma ke anusAra vastu meM guNa na hone para bhI vyavahAra ke lie jo puruSa ke prayatna se nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha nAmanikSepa hai|

Page #728
pAribhASika zabda koza 666 nikAcita-udvartanA, apavartanA, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA ina cAra avasthAoM ke na hone kI sthiti kA nAma nikAcana hai| karma ke jisa pradezapiNDa kA na apakarSaNa ho sakatA hai, aura na utkarSaNa ho sakatA hai aura na anya prakRti rUpa saMkramaNa hI ho sakatA hai aura na udIraNA hI ho sakatI hai, vaha nikAcita hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jaise lohe kI zalAkAoM ko ekatrita karane para ve paraspara baddha kahI jAtI haiM, phira unhIM ko agni meM DAlakara tAr3ita karane para antara ke spaSTa rahate hue spRSTa kahA jAtA hai, usake pazcAt unhIM ko jaba bAra-bAra, tapA kara ghana se khUba tAr3ita karate haiM, taba antara se rahita hokara ve eka piNDa bana jAtI haiM / isI taraha karma bhI krama se AtmapradezoM se baddha va spRSTa hote hue nikAcita avasthA ko prApta hote haiM / nikSepa - lakSaNa aura vidhAna (bheda ) pUrvaka vistAra se jIvAdi tatvoM ke jAnane ke lie jo nyAsa se viracanA karanA, vaha nikSepa hai / nigoda -- jo anantAnanta jIvoM ko Azraya detA hai, vaha nigoda hai / nigoda jIva-jina anantAnanta jIvoM kA sAdhAraNa rUpa se eka hI zarIra hotA hai, ve nigoda jIva haiM / nidAna - bhogAkAMkSA se vyAkula huA prANI bhaviSya meM viSaya-sukha kI prApti ke lie tIvra bhAvoM se karmabaMdha karatA hai, vaha nidAna kahalAtA hai / nidrA jisa zayana meM sukhapUrvaka jAgaraNa hotA hai usakA nAma nidrA hai / nidhatta jo karma kA pradezapiNDa na to udaya meM diyA jA sake aura na anya prakRtiyoM meM saMkrAnta bhI kiyA jA sake vaha nidhatta yA nidhatti hai / niyativAda - jo jisa samaya meM, jisake dvArA hotA hai vaha usa samaya usI ke dvArA usI prakAra se hogA hI, isa prakAra kI mAnyatA niyativAda hai / nirjarA - AtmA ke sAtha nIra-kSIra kI taraha Apasa meM mile hue karma pudgaloM kA ekadeza kSaya honA nirjarA hai / niryukti- 'ni' kA artha 'nizvaya' yA 'adhikatA' hai tathA 'yukta' kA artha 'sambaddha' hai tadanusAra jo jIvAjIvAdi tatva sUtra meM nizcaya se yA adhikatA se prathama hI sambaddha haiM, una niryukta tatvoM kI jisake dvArA vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai vaha niyukti hai| nirvANa -- jahA~ rAga-dveSa se saMtapta prANI zItalatA ko prApta karate haiM vaha nirvANa hai / athavA saMpUrNa karma baMdhanoM se mukta avasthA nirmANa hai / nirvANapatha - jo arihantoM dvArA samyak prakAra se dekhA gayA hai, jJAna ke mAdhyama se yathAvasthita jAnA gayA hai, jo caraNa aura karaNa se AdhArita hai; vaha mokSa-patha yA nirvANa patha hai / rvANanisukha- sAMsArika sukha kA atikramaNa karake jo Atyantika, avinazvara, anupama, nitya aura niratizaya sukha hai, vaha nirvANasukha hai / nivikRti - jisa gorasa, madhurarasa, phalarasa va snigdharasa se jilhvA evaM mana vikAra ko prApta hote haiM, vaha vikRti hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to jisake sAtha

Page #729
700 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa khAne se bhojana susvAdu banatA hai vaha vikRti hai| isa prakAra kI vikRti se rahita bhojana nivikRti hai| nivizyamAnaparihAravizuddhika-parihAra eka tapavizeSa hai, usase vizuddhi ko prApta cAritra parihAravizuddhika kahalAtA hai| jo usa cAritra kA sevana kara rahe haiM, unako tathA unase abhinna usa cAritra ko bhI nivizyamAnaka parihAravizuddhika kahate haiN| nivRtti (indriya)-karma ke dvArA jisakI racanA kI jAtI hai use nirvRtti kahA jAtA hai / cakSu Adi indriyoM kI putalI Adi ke AkAra rUpa racanA hone ko nivRtti kahate hai| nirveda-naraka, niryaca avasthA aura kumAnuSa paryAya inheM nirveda kahA jAtA hai; tathA saMsAra, zarIra aura indriyabhogoM se hone vAlI virakti ko bhI nirveda kahate haiN| nivedanIkathA----saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM se vairAgya utpanna karane vAlI kathA nivedanI hai| nirvyAghAtapAdapopagamana-dIkSA, zikSA, yA pada Adi ke krama se jisakA zarIra vRddhapana se jarjarita ho gayA hai vaha nirvyAghAtapAdapopagamana anazana karatA hai| vaha cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA parityAga kara jIva-janturahita zuddha bhUmi kA Azraya letA hai aura vahA~ para pAdapa (vRkSa) ke samAna eka pArzvabhAga se par3akara halana-calana se rahita hotA huA prazasta dhyAna meM mana ko taba taka lagAtA hai jaba taka ki prANa nahIM nikalate / yaha nirvyAghAtapAdapopagamana nAmaka anazana hai| nihArima-jo maraNa vasati ke eka deza meM kiyA jAtA hai vaha nihArima pAdopagamana hai kyoMki vahA~ se isake nirjIva zarIra kA nirharaNa kiyA jAtA hai / nirvRtti guNasthAna-bAdara kaSAya se yukta hote hue apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna meM praviSTa jIvoM ke pariNAma cUMki paraspara meM nivartamAna hote haiM, ataH yaha guNasthAna bAdara nirvRttiguNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| , nizcayanaya-zuddha dravya ke nirUpaNa karane vAle naya ko nizcayanaya yA zuddha naya kahate haiN| . nizcaya samyaktva---AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA zraddhAna karanA, yaha nizcaya samyaktva hai| nizcayasamyagjJAna---bhUtArtha svarUpa se jAne gaye jIvAdi padArthoM ko samIcIna bodha dvArA zukta AtmA se bhinna jAnanA yaha nizcaya samyagjJAna hai| nizItha---jisakA pATha va upadeza ekAnta meM kiyA jAtA hai, aise pracchanna zruta ko nizItha kahA hai| nisarga samyagdarzana-nisarga nAma svabhAva kA hai| yathArtha svarUpa se jAne gaye

Page #730
pAribhASika zabda koza 701 jIva-ajIva padArtha Adi kA jo AtmasaMgata mati se paropadeza nirapekSa jAtismaraNa Adi rUpa pratibhA se svayaM zraddhAna karatA hai, vaha nisarga samyagdarzana hai| niva-mAna, abhimAna vaza jJAnadAtA guru kA nAma chipAnA, amuka viSaya ko jAnate hue bhI maiM nahIM jAnatA aisA kahanA, athavA guru se prApta jJAna ko viparIta abhiniveza ke kAraNa kucha kA kucha kahanA, Adi nihnava kahalAtA hai| nIca gotra-jisa karma ke udaya se loka nindita kuloM meM janma ho vaha nIca gotra hai| naMgamanaya.....saMkalpa mAtra ke AdhAra para gata padArtha ko athavA aniSpanna athavA arddha niSpanna padArtha ko vartamAna meM avasthita yA niSpanna krnaa| " naiSThika zrAvaka-jo niSThApUrvaka dharma kA AcaraNa karatA hai vaha naiSThika zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| usakI dharma ke viSaya meM nirvAhakarUpa niSThA rahatI hai, isI se vaha niraticAra zrAvakadharma kA paripAlana karatA hai| naisagika samyagdarzana----darzanamoha ke upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama ke hone para jo samyagdarzana bAhya upadeza ke binA prAdurbhUta hotA hai vaha naisargika samyagdarzana hai| nyAyA-jJeya kA anusaraNa karane vAlA athavA nyAya rUpa hone se siddhAMta ko nyAya kahA jAtA hai| pramANa se prameya kI saMgatirUpa yukti ko nyAya kahate haiN| nyAsa----jIvAdi padArthoM ke jAnane ke upAya ko nyAsa yA nikSepa kahate hai| pakSa-pandraha dina-rAta ko pakSa kahate haiM / arthAt pratyakSAdi ke dvArA jisakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai aise sAdhya (anumeya) kI svIkAratA ko pakSa kahA jAtA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM dharma aura dharmI ke samudAya ko pakSa kahate haiN| pakSadharmatA-hetu ke pakSa meM rahane ko pakSa-dharmatA kahate haiN| paMcendriya----jo pAMca indriyoM se yukta hai| paNDita----jo pApa se DIna---dUra rahatA hai, use paNDita kahate haiM athavA paNDA nAma buddhi kA hai usase jo yukta hai vaha paNDita hai / paMNDitamaraNa-paNDitoM kA-saMyatoM kA-maraNa paNDitamaraNa hai| sabhyakthaddhA aura cAritra evaM vivekapUrvaka maraNa paNDitamaraNa hai| pada-vargoM ke samudAya ko pada kahA jAtA hai| padasama---jo nAmika Adi pada jisa svara meM utarane vAlA ho vaha padasama kahalAtA hai| padastha-dhyAna-pavitra padoM kA Alambana lekara jo dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha padastha dhyAna hai / athavA svAdhyAya, maMtra, guru yA deva kI stuti meM jo citta kI ekAgratA ho vaha padastha-dhyAna hai| pA-muvA-kamala ke AkAra donoM hAthoM ko karake unake bIca meM kaNikA ke AkAra donoM aMgUThoM kI racanA karanA pama-mudrA hai /

Page #731
jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa 'padmalezyA -- tyAgI, bhadrapariNAmI, pavitra, sarala vyavahAra karane vAlA evaM gurujanoM kI arcA meM nirata rahane vAlA, ye padma lezyA ke bAhya lakSaNa haiM / padmAsanajaMghA ke madhya bhAga meM jahA~ jaMghA se saMzleza ( sambandha) hotA hai, vaha padmAsana hai / para-parivAda anya janoM ke bikhare hue guNa-doSoM ke kahane ko para parivAda kahate haiM / paramANu - samasta skandhoM ke antima bheda rUpa hotA huA eka, avibhAgI, free, rUpAdi pariNAma se utpanna hone ke kAraNa sUkSma pudgala dravya paramANu hai / paramAtmA sampUrNa doSoM se rahita, kevalajJAnAdi rUpa zuddha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai / parameSThI mumukSu ke lie parama iSTa va maMgalasvarUpa arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya va sAdhu | paraloka mRtyu ke pazcAt prApta hone vAlA anya bhava / parasamaya Atma svarUpa ke atirikta anya padArthoM meM yA anya bhAvoM meM iSTa, aniSTa kI kalpanA karane vAlA ( mithyAdRSTi ) evaM anya mata ko mAnanA / parigraha 'yaha merA hai' isa prakAra kI jo mamatva buddhi hotI hai vaha parigraha hai| pariNAma adhyavasAya vizeSa kA nAma pariNAma hai| 702 paribhoga---- jise eka bAra bhogakara chor3a diyA jAtA hai aura punaH use bhogA jAtA hai vaha paribhoga hai jaise AcchAdana, vastra, AbhUSaNa, ghara Adi / parivrAjaka jo 'pari' saba ora pApoM ke parityAga ke sAtha 'vrajati' jAtA haipravRtti karatA hai, vaha parivrAjaka hai / parISaha mArga se cyuta na hone ke lie tathA karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie bhUkhapyAsa Adi ko sahana karanA / parIta saMsAra jisane samyaktva Adi ke dvArA apane saMsAra ko parimita kara diyA hai, vaha saMsAra-parIta yA parIta-saMsArI ho jAtA hai| vaha jaghanya antarmuhUrta kAla aura utkRSTa ananta kAla kucha kama apArdha pudgala parAvartanakAla taka hI saMsAra meM rahatA hai - tatpazcAt niyamataH mukta hotA hai / paruSa - jo vacana rUkhA, sneha se rahita (niSThura ) hotA hai aura dUsare jIvoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai, vaha paruSa hai| 'parokSa-akSa jIva ko kahate haiN| jIva ke dvArA sIdhA jJAna na hokara indriya aura mana ke dvArA jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha parokSa hai| paryAsana- donoM jAMghoM ke nIce ke bhAga, pA~voM ke Upara karake nAbhi ke pAsa vAma hathelI ke Upara dakSiNa hathelI ke rakhane para paryakAsana hotA hai|

Page #732
pAribhASika zabda koza paryApta--jo jIva AhAra Adi chaha paryAptiyoM se paripUrNa ho cuke haiM, ve paryApta yA paryApta kahalAte haiM / paryApti AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana kI zaktiyoM kI utpatti kA jo kAraNa hai, vaha paryApta hai / paryAyArthika naya -- jisa naya kA prayojana paryAya hai arthAt jo paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai, vaha paryAyArthika naya hai / palyopama -- eka yojana vistIrNa va gahare gaDDhe ko eka dina ke utpanna bAlaka ke bAlAgra koTiyoM se bharakara aura usake bAda sau-sau varSa meM eka-eka bAlAya ko nikAlane meM jitanA kAla lagatA hai utane kAla ko eka palyopama kahate haiM / 703 pArthivI dhAraNA dhyAna kI avasthA meM madhya loka ke barAbara kSIra sAgara, usake madhya meM jambUdvIpa ke pramANa vAle sahasrapatramaya suvarNa kamala, usake parAga samUha ke bhItara pIlI kAnti se yukta sumeru ke pramANa kaNikA aura usake Upara eka zveta varNa ke sihAsana para sthita hokara karmoM ko naSTa karane meM udyata AtmA kA cintana karanA pArthivI dhAraNA hai / pArzvastha--jo Atma-hitakara darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura pravacana ke pArzva meM vihAra karatA hai, unake pUrNatayA pAlana karane meM prayatnazIla nahIM rahatA hai, vaha pArzvastha muni kahalAtA hai| piNDastha dhyAna apane zarIra meM puruSa ke AkAra jo nirmala guNavAlA jIvapradezoM kA samudAya sthita hai usake cintana kA nAma piNDastha dhyAna hai / dUsare zabdoM meM nAbhikamala Adi rUpa sthAnoM meM jo iSTa devatA kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha piNDastha dhyAna hai / puNya-- jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ko sukha kA anubhava hotA hai vaha puNya hai| pudgala skandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza, paramANu, ye rUpI haiN| ina rUpI dravya ko pudgala kahate haiM / pudgala parAvartana -- grahaNa yogya ATha vargaNAoM (audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, tejasa zarIra, bhASA, zvAsocchvAsa, mana, kArmaNavargaNA ) meM se AhArakazarIravargaNA ko chor3akara zeSa audArika Adi vargaNAoM se rUpI dravyoM ko grahaNa karate hue eka jIva dvArA samasta lokAkAza ke pudgaloM ko sparza karanA / pUrva-sattara lAkha karor3a aura chappana hajAra karor3a varSa kA pramANa eka pUrva hotA hai| pRthivIkAyika- jo jIva pRthivIkAyika nAmakarma ke udaya se pRthivI ko zarIra rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai| paMzunya kisI ke doSoM ko usakI anupasthiti meM pragaTa karanA paizunya hai /

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704 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa pauSadhopavAsa-pauSadha kA artha parva hai / parva meM jo upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai vaha pauSadhopavAsa hai / usameM sAvadha anuSThAna kA parityAga hotA hai aura Atmastha hokara sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| bandha-mithyAtva Adi kAraNoM dvArA kAjala se bharI huI DibiyA ke samAna paudgalika dravya se parivyApta loka meM karmayogya pudgala vargaNAoM kA AtmA ke sAtha nIra-kSIra athavA agni aura lohapiMDa kI bhAMti eka dUsare meM anupraveza-abhedAtmaka eka kSetrAvagAha rUpa sambandha hone ko baMdha kahate haiM / athavA AtmA aura karma paramANuoM ke sambandha vizeSa ko baMdha kahate haiN| athavA abhinava navIna karmoM ke grahaNa ko baMdha kahate haiN| bahirAtmA-deha ko AtmA mAnane vAlA bAla, ajJAnI va mithyAdRSTi bahirAtmA hai| bAhubali-bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke dvitIya puutr| . brahmacarya-brahma-AtmA, brahma-vidyA, brahma--adhyayana Adi meM ramaNa karanA aura brahma-vIrya kA rakSaNa krnaa| mAhmI-yaha bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI putrI thI jisane sarvaprathama lipividyA, kA zrIgaNeza kiyaa| usI ke nAma se brAhmI lipi pracalita huI hai| bharata-bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra, jo cakravartI the| bhAraNDapakSI-jisake eka zarIra meM do jIva, do grIvA aura tIna paira hote haiM / jaba eka jIva sotA hai, to dUsarA jAgatA hai| bhavanapati-bhavanoM meM rahane vAle devoM ko bhavanapati kahate haiN| bhavya-jo mokSa prApta kara sakate haiM yA mokSa pAne kI yogyatA rakhate hai, jinameM samyagdarzana Adi bhAva prakaTa hone kI yogyatA hai| bhAva....jIva, ajIva dravyoM kA apane-apane svabhAva rUpa se pariNamana honaa| bhAvakarmajIva ke mithyAtva Adi vaibhAvika svarUpa jinake nimitta se karma pudgala karma rUpa ho jAte haiN| .bhAvaprANa-jJAna, darzana, cetanA Adi jIva ke guNa / " . bhAvanikSapa--vivakSita paryAya yukta vastu ko usake nAma se khnaa| jaise rAjyaniSTha rAjA ko rAjA kahanA / bhAvalezyA-yoga aura saMkleza se anugata AtmA kA pariNAma vizeSa / saMkleza kA mUla kaSAyodaya hai ataH kaSAyodaya se anuraMjita yoga pravRtti bhAvalezyA hai| mohakarma ke udaya yA kSayopazama yA upazama athavA kSaya se hone vAlI jIva ke pradezoM kI caMcalatA bhAvalezyA hai| bhAvabhuta-indriya aura mana ke nimitta se utpanna hone vAlA jo ki

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pAribhASika zabda koza 705 niyamita artha ko kahane meM samartha hai evaM zabda aura artha ke vikalpa se yukta hai, vaha bhAvazruta hai / bhAva pratikramaNa-doSa vizuddhi ke lie kI gaI Atma-nindA va AlocanA / bhASA-paryApti bhASA vargaNA ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karake bhASA rUpa pariNamana kare aura usakA AdhAra lekara aneka prakAra kI dhvani rUpa meM chor3anA bhASA paryApta hai| bhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata- bhogalipsA ko niyantrita karane ke lie bhoga evaM paribhoga kI vastuoM ke grahaNa ko sImita karanA / bhogAntarAya karmabhoga ke sAdhana upalabdha hone para bhI jisa karma ke udaya se jIva bhogya vastuoM kA bhoga na kara sake / (ma) matijJAna- indriya aura mana ke dvArA yathAyogya hone vAlA jJAna / mana vicAra karane kA - manana karane kA sAdhana, mana kahalAtA hai / manaH paryavajJAna indriya aura mana kI apekSA na rakhate hue mAnava loka ke saMjJI jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnanA manaH paryavajJAna hai / athavA mana ke cintanIya pariNAmoM ko jisa jJAna se pratyakSa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha manaH paryavajJAna hai / manogupti-mana kI pravRtti kA gopana karanA manogupti hai / mAna jisa doSa se namane kI vRtti na ho; jAti, kula, tapa Adi ke ahaMkAra se dUsare ke prati tiraskAra kI vRtti ho, vaha mAna hai / mAyA --vicAra aura pravRtti meM ekarUpatA kA abhAva mAyA hai / mArgaNAsthAna jina-jina ke dvArA jIvoM kA anveSaNa kiyA jAya ve saba dharma mArgaNA haiM jaise indriya, kAya, yoga, kaSAya Adi / mAraNAntika samuddhAta maraNa se pUrva usa nimitta jo samudghAta hotA hai vaha mAraNAntika samudghAta hai / midhyAtva mohanIya-jisake udaya se jIva ko tattvoM ke svarUpa kI yathArthaM ruci na ho vaha mithyAtva mohanIya hai| isameM mithyAtva ke azuddha dalika hote haiM / mizra-sAdhaka kI tRtIya bhUmi jisameM mithyAtva ke arddha zuddha pudgaloM kA udaya hone se jaba jIva kI dRSTi kucha samyak aura kucha mithyA arthAt mizra ho jAtI hai / mokSa- sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya ho jAnA / mohanIya karma jIva ko sva-para- viveka tathA svarUparamaNa meM bAdhA pahu~cAne vAlA karma athavA AtmA ke samyaktva aura cAritra guNa kA ghAta karane vAle karma ko mohanIya karma kahate haiM / (ya) yathAkhyAtasaMyama samasta mohanIya karma ke upazama yA kSaya se jaisA AtmA +

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706 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai usa avasthA rUpa vItarAga saMyama ko yathAkhyAta saMyama kahA gayA hai| yathApravRttikaraNa-jisa pariNAma zuddhi ke kAraNa jIva Ayu karma ke atirikta zeSa sAta karmoM kI sthiti palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kama eka koDAkoDI sAgaropama jitanI kara detA hai jisameM karaNa se pahale ke samAna kI avasthA banI rahe use yathApravRttikaraNa kahA hai| yoga-sAdhvAcAra kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karanA athavA Atma-pradezoM meM parispandana hone ko yoga kahate haiN| athavA Atma-pradezoM meM parispandana, mana-vacana aura kAya ke dvArA hotA hai ataH mana, vacana aura kAya ke karma vyApAra ko athavA nAmakarma kI pudgala vipAkI zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se mana, vacana aura kAya se yukta jIva kI karmoM ke grahaNa karane meM kAraNabhUta zakti yoga hai| pojana-cAra kosa yA cAra hajAra kosa kA eka yojana hotA hai| rasaghAta----ba~dhe hue jAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM kI phala dene kI tIvra zakti ko apavartanAkaraNa dvArA banda kara denaa| rasabandha-jIva ke dvArA grahaNa kiye hue karma-pudgaloM meM phala dene kI nyUnAdhika zakti kA honaa| rAju-pramANAMgula se niSpanna asaMkhyAta koTAkoTi yojana kA eka rAju hotA hai / athavA zreNI ke sAtaveM bhAga ko rAju kahate haiM / rocaka samyaktva-jinokta kriyAoM meM ruci rakhanA rocaka samyaktva kahalAtA hai| labdhi-jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama ko labdhi kahate haiN| lezyA-jIva ke aise pariNAma jinake dvArA AtmA koM se lipta ho athavA kaSAyodaya se anurakta jIva kI pravRtti lezyA kahalAtI hai| lobha-dhana Adi kI tIvra AkAMkSA yA gRddhatA athavA anurAga buddhi lobha hai / vargaNA-samAna jAtIya pudgaloM kA samUha / vedanIya-sukha-duHkha kI kAraNabhUta bAhya sAmagrI ke saMyoga-viyoga meM hetu rUpa karma / vipAka---karma-prakRti kI viziSTa athavA vividha prakAra kI phala dene kI zakti ko aura phala dene meM abhimukha hone ko vipAka kahate haiN| vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna-cintanIya vastu kI paryAyoM ko vividha vizeSatAoM se sahita spaSTa rUpa se jAnanA vipulamati manaHparyavajJAna kahalAtA hai|

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pAribhASika zabda koza 707 vibhaGgajAna--mithyAtva ke udaya se rUpI padArthoM kA viparIta avadhijJAna, vibhaMgajJAna kahalAtA hai| veda-jisake dvArA indriyajanya, saMyogajanya sukha kA bedana kiyA jAya, vaha veda hai| vedaka samyaksva-kSAyopamika samyaktva meM vidyamAna jIva samyaktva mohanIya' ke antima pudgala ke rasa kA anubhava karatA hai usa samaya ke usake pariNAma vedaka samyaktva kahalAte haiN| - baikriya zarIra-jisa zarIra ke dvArA choTe-bar3e, eka-aneka, vividha-vicitra rUpa banAne kI zakti prApta ho / athavA jo zarIra vaikriya vargaNAoM se nirmita athavA yukta ho| bainayikI buddhi-gurujanoM kI sevA se prApta hone vAlI buddhi| .. vyaMjanAvagraha----arthAvagraha se pahale hone vAlA atyanta avyakta jJAna / zarIra paryApti-...jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ke audArika, vaikriya Adi zarIra banate haiM athavA rasa ke rUpa meM badala diye gaye AhAra ko rakta Adi sapta dhAtuoM ke rUpa meM pariNamAne kI jIva kI zakti vizeSa / zIrSa prahelikA-caurAsI lAkha zIrSa prahelikAMga kI eka zIrSa pahelikA hotI hai| zrutajJAna-jo jJAna thu tAnusArI hai jisameM zabda aura artha kA sambandha bhAsita hotA hai, jo matijJAna ke pazcAt hotA hai tathA zabda aura artha kI paryAlocanA ke anusaraNapUrvaka indriya va mana ke nimitta se hone vAlA jJAna tha tajJAna hai| zabbanaya-padArthoM ke vAcaka zabdoM meM hI jisakA vyApAra hotA hai vaha zabdanaya hai| saMkramaNa-eka karma rUpa meM sthita prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza kA anya sajAtIya karma rUpa meM badala jAnA athavA vIrya vizeSa se karma kA apanI hI dUsarA sajAtIya karmaprakRti svarUpa ho jaanaa| saMjvalana kavAya-jisa kaSAya ke udaya se AtmA ko yathAkhyAtacAritra kI prApti na ho| saMzI-buddhipUrvaka iSTa-aniSTa meM pravRtti-nivRtti karane vAle jIva; athavA jinameM labdhi yA upayoga rUpa mana pAyA jAya ve saMjJI haiN| saMhanana--jisa karma ke udaya se haDDiyoM kA paraspara meM jur3a jAnA yA racanAvizeSa / sattA...baMdha samaya yA saMkramaNa samaya se lekara jaba taka una karma paramANaoM kA anya prakRti rUpa se saMkramaNa nahIM hotA yA unakI nirjarA nahIM hotI taba taka

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708 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA unakA AtmA se lage rahanA / bandha Adi ke dvArA sva-svarUpa ko prApta karane vAlI kamoM kI sthiti| samaya-kAla kA atyanta sUkSma avibhAgI aMza samaya kahA jAtA hai| samudghAta-mUla zarIra ko chor3e binA hI AtmA ke pradezoM kA bAhara niklnaa| samyaktvamohanIya-jisakA udaya tAttvika ruci kA nimitta hokara bhI aupazamika yA kSAyika bhAva vAlI tattva ruci para pratibandha karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to samyaktva kA ghAta karane meM asamartha mithyAtva ke zubha dalikoM ko samyaktva mohanIya kahate haiN| sAgaropama-dasa koTAkoTi palyopama kA eka sAgaropama hotA hai| sAmAyika-rAga-dveSa ke abhAva ko samabhAva kahate haiN| aura jisa saMyama se samabhAva kI prApti hotI hai; athavA jJAna-darzana-cAritra ko sama kahate haiM aura Aya lAghava prApti hone ko samAya tathA samAya ke bhAva ko sAmAyika kahate haiN| sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna-krodhAdi kaSAyoM dvArA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa hotA hai ataH use samparAya kahate haiN| jisameM kevala lobha kaSAya ke sUkSma khaNDoM kA hI udaya ho vaha sUkSma saMparAya guNasthAna hai| skandha-do yA adhika paramANaoM ke saMyoga se utpanna dvayaNaka Adi chaha prakAra ke sUkSma sthUla bhautika tattva paudgalika piMDa Adi ko skandha kahate haiN| sthiti-vivakSita karma ke AtmA ke sAtha lage rahane kA kAla / sthitighAta-karmoM kI bar3I sthiti ko apavartanAkaraNa dvArA ghaTA dene arthAt jo karma dalika Age udaya meM Ane vAle haiM unheM apavartanAkaraNa ke dvArA apane udaya ke niyata samaya se haTA denA sthitighAta hai| sthitibandha adhyavasAya-kaSAya ke udaya se hone vAle jIva ke jina pariNAma vizeSoM se sthitibandha hotA hai, ve pariNAma sthitibandha adhyavasAya haiN| spardhaka-vargaNAoM ke samUha ko sparddhaka kahate haiN| hAtha-do vitasti ke mApa ko hAtha kahate haiN| hiMsA-pramAda yoga se kisI jIva ke prANoM kA apaharaNa krnaa| hita-jisase mokSa rUpa pradhAna phala kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vaha svahita aura parahita ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hai|

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pariziSTa 2 sandarbha grantha sUcI AcArAMga 1 prathama zrutaskandha-W. Schubring Leipzig 1910 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka samiti, pUnA san 1924 2 niyukti tathA zIlAMka, jinahaMsa va pArzvacandra kI TIkAoM ke sAtha---dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, vi. saM. 1936 3 niyukti va zIlAMka kI TIkA ke sAtha--Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, vi. saM. 1972-1973 4 aMgrejI anuvAda-H. Jacobi, S. B. E. Series, Vol. 22, Oxford 1884 5 mUla-H. Jacobi, Pali Text Society, London, 1882. 6 prathama zrutaskandha kA jarmana anuvAda----Worte Mahavira, Schubring Leipzig 1926 - 7 gujarAtI anuvAda-ravajIbhAI devarAja, jaina priTiMga presa, ahamadAbAda, san 1602 va 1906 8 gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, navajIvana kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 1662 6 hindI anuvAdasahita--amolakaRSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 10 prathama zrutaskandha kA gujarAtI anuvAda----muni saubhAgyacandra, (saMtabAla) mahAvIra sAhitya prakAzana maMdira, ahamadAbAda 1936 11 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1957 / / 12 hindI chAyAnuvAda-gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, zve. sthA. jaina kaoNnphensa, bambaI, vi. saM. 1994 13 prathama zrutaskandha kA baMgAlI anuvAda-hIrAkumArI, jaina zve. terApanthI mahA sabhA, kalakattA vi. saM. 2006 14 mUla va gujarAtI anuvAda-zramaNI vidyApITha, ghATakopara 15 AyAro----mUla, artha va TippaNiyA~, muni nathamala, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADana (rAjasthAna) prakAzana tithi vi. saM. 2031

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71. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa 16 AyAro taha AyAracUlA mUlapATha-muni nathamala-zve. terApaMtho mahAsabhA, kalakattA-1 17 AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha, mUlapATha-saM. chAyA, zabdArtha, bhAvArtha, TippaNasahita -zrI sobhAgamalajI ma. jaina sAhitya samiti, nayApurA, ujjaina 18 AcArAMgasUtra prathama aura dvitIya zrutaskandha- saMskRta chAyA, padArthAnvaya, mUlArtha, hindI vivecana--saM. muni samadarzI sva. zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja-jainasthAnaka, ludhiyAnA 16 AcArAMganiyukti zIlAMkakRta TIkA sahita--jainAnanda pustakAlaya gopIpurA ...sUrata, san 1935 20 AcArAMgacUNi-RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zve. saM. ratalAma, san 1941 21 AcArAMgadIpikA---ajitadevasUri, prathama zruta-skandha, maNivijayajI gaNivara granthamAlA, lIca. vi. saM. 2005 . sUtrakRtAMga 1 niyukti va zIlAGka kI TIkA ke sAtha-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1917; goDIpArzva jaina granthamAlA, bambaI san 1950 2 zIlAGka, harSakula va pAvacandra kI TIkAoM ke sAtha-dhanapatasiMha kalakattA, .., vi. saM. 1636 .... 3 aMgrejI anuvAda-H. Jacobi, S. B. E. Series, Vol.45, Oxford 1895 4 hindI chAyAnuvAda-gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, zve. sthA. jaina kAnphreMsa, bambaI, san 1938 5 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 6 niyukti sahita--pI. ela. vaidya, pUnA, 1928 7 gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda----gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, pUMjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda 8 prathama zrutaskandha zIlAGkakRta TIkA va usake hindI anuvAda ke sAtha ambikAdatta ojhA, mahAvIra jaina jJAnodaya sosAyaTI, rAjakoTa, vi. saM. 19631995; dvitIya zrutaskandha hindI anuvAda sahita---ambikAdatta ojhA, beMgalora vi. saM. 1997 6 hindI artha vivecana sahita--AcArya AtmArAma jI ma. AcArya zrI AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, vi. saM. 2032 10 sUtrakRtAMganiyukti sUtra sahita-sampAdaka DaoN. pI. ela. vaidya, san 1928 pUnA (mahArASTra) 11 mUtrakRtAMga cUNi-RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI, zve. saM. ratalAma, san 1941 12 harSa kulakRta vivaraNa sahita--bhImasI mANeka, bambaI, vi.saM. 1936

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI 711 13 sAdharaMgaracitadIpikA sahita-goDIpAvaM jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, san 1950 14 mUla artha--a. bhA. sA. saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA sthAnAMga 1 abhayadevakRta vRttisahita--Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1918-1920; ' mANekalAla cunnIlAla, ahamadAbAda, san 1937 2 AgamasaMgraha, banArasa, san 1880 3 abhayadevakRta vRtti ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-aSTakoTi bRhadpakSIya saMgha, mudrA (kaccha), vi. saM. 1966 4 gujarAtI anuvAda sahita-jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI, ahamadAbAda, san 1931 5 hindI anuvAda sahita----amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 6 gujarAtI rUpAntara-dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, san 1955 7 sthAnAMga abhayadevavRtti-rAyabahAdura dhanapata siMha, banArasa, san 1880 8 mUla, hindI vizeSa TippaNI sahita-muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' . ThANaM-mUla, saMskRta chAyA, hindI anuvAda tathA TippaNa-sampAdaka-muni nathamala, pra. jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.) prakAzana varSa vi. saM. 2033 samavAyAMga 1 abhayadevakRta vRttisahita----Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, san 1916; maphatalAla jhaveracandra, ahamadAbAda 1938 2 AgamasaMgraha, banArasa san 1880 3 abhayadevakRtavRtti ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-jeThAlAla, haribhAI, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1965 4 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 5 gujarAtI rUpAntara-dalamukha mAlavaNiyA, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, san 1955 6 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1962 7 rAyabahAdura dhanapatasiMha, banArasa, san 1880 6. mUla hindI anuvAda, TippaNa sahitamuni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' vyAkhyAprajJapti 1 abhayadevakRta vRttisahita-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1918-1921; dhanapatasiMha, banArasa, san 1882; RSabhadevajI kezarImala jaina zve. saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1937-1940 (14 zataka taka)

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712 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa 2153 zataka kA aMgrejI anuvAda--Hoernle Appendix 10 upAsakadazA Bibliotheca Indica, Calcutta, 1885-1888 . . . 3 SaSTha zataka taka abhayadevakRta vRtti va usake gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-becaradAsa dozI, jinAgama prakAzaka sabhA, bambaI, vi. saM. 1974-1976; zataka 7-15 mUla va gujarAtI anuvAda---bhagavAnadAsa dozI, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 1985; zataka 16-41 mUla va gujarAtI anuvAda--bhagavAnadAsa dozI, jaina sAhitya prakAzana TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 1988 4 bhagavatIsAra : gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda----gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, 1638 . 5 hindI viSayAnuvAda (zataka 1-20) madanakumAra mehatA, zruta prakAzana maMdira, kalakattA, vi. saM. 2011 ... 6 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-----muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1961 / / 7 hindI anuvAda ke sAtha---amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 .8 viyAhapaNNattisuttaM (prathamo bhAga) sampAdaka paM0 becaradAsa jIvarAja dozI, prakAzaka mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 400036; prathama saMskaraNa, san 1974 6 ema. Ara. mehatA, bambaI, vi. saM. 1914 10 bhagavatIvizeSa pada vyAkhyA-dAna zekhara prakAzaka-RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI jaina zve. saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1935 11 bhagavaI-muni nathamala sampAdita-mUla jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, vi. saM. 2021 12 bhagavatI-bhAga-1-7 mUla hindI vivecana sahita, sAdhumArgI saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA jJAtAdharmakathA 1 abhayadevakRta vRtti sahita---Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1916; AgamasaMgraha, kalakattA, san 1876, siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, san 1951 1952 2 gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda--pUjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, san 1931 / 3 hindI anuvAda-muni pyAracaMda, jainodaya pustaka prakAzaka samiti, ratalAma, vi. saM. 1995 4 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1963 5 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 . 6 gujarAtI anuvAda sahita (adhyayana 1 se 8)---jeThAlAla jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1985

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI 713 upAsakadazA 1 abhayadevakRta TIkA sahita--Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1920; dhanapatasiMha, ' kalakattA, san 1876 2 prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha-pI. ela. vaidya, pUnA, san 1930 3 aMgrejI anuvAda Adi ke sAtha Hoernle Bibliotheca Indica, Calcutta, 1885-1888 4 gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-pUMjAbhAI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda 1931 5. saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1961 .6 abhayadevakRta TIkA ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha---bhagavAnadAsa harSacandra, jaina sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda vi. saM. 1962 7 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, bI. saM. 2446 antakRtadazA 1 abhayadevavihita vRtti sahita--Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1920; dhanapata siMha, kalakattA, san 1875 2 prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha-pI. ela. vaidya, pUnA, san 1932 3 aMgrejI anuvAda-L.O. Barnett. 1907 4 abhayadeva vihita vRtti ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha----jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1960 5 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1658 .. 6 hindI anuvAda sahita---amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, bI. saM. 2446 . 7 gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda--gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana - samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1940 8 hindI, mUla, vivecana sahita--AcArya AtmArAmajI ma. AcArya zrI AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, jaina sthA0 ludhiyAnA 6 hindI anuvAda sahita-hastimala jI ma. samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala, jayapura 10 hindI anuvAda sahita-a. bhA. sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA 11 gurjara grantharatna kAryAlaya, gAMdhI roDa, ahamadAbAda san 1932 . anuttaropapAtikavA 1 abhayadevavihita vRtti sahita-Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, san 1920; dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, san 1875 "2 prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha-pI. ela. vaidya, pUnA, san 1932. / 3 aMgrejI anuvAda-L.D. Barnett,1907 '4 mUla-jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1921

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714 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA: pariziSTa 5 abhayadevavihita vRtti ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha--jainadharma pracAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM 1960 6 hindI TIkA sahita----muni AtmArAma, jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, san 1936 7 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1956 5 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 . & gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1640 10 mUla hindI, TippaNa va saMskRta vRtti sahita--vijaya muni, sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA 11 gujarAtI anuvAda---zramaNI vidyApITha, ghATakopara, bambaI praznadhyAkaraNa 1 abhayadeva vihita vRtti sahita--Agamodaya samiti, bambaI san 1916; dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, san 1876 2 jJAna vimala viracita vRtti sahita----muktivimala jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 1665 3 hindI TIkA sahita----muni hastimalla, hastimalla surAnA, pAlI, san 1950 4 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1962 / / 5 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446; ghevaracandra bAMThiyA, seThiyA jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera, vi. saM. 2006 6 gujarAtI anuvAda---muni choTAlAla, lAdhAjI svAmI pustakAlaya, lIbar3I, san 1936 7 mUla hindI anuvAda sahita-saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailaanaa| 8 mUla, artha vivecana sahita-sanmati jJAnapITha, lohAmaNDI, aagraa| vipAkasUtra 1 abhayadevakRta vRtti sahita--Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1920; dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, san 1876; muktikamalajaina mohanamAlA, bar3audA san 1920 2 prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha-pI. ela. vaidya, pUnA, san 1933 / 3 gujarAtI anuvAda sahita-----jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. sa. 1987 4 hindI anuvAda sahita-muni AnandasAgara, hindI jainAgama prakAzaka samiti kAryAlaya, koTA, san 1935; amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 5 hindI TIkA sahita--jJAnamuni, jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, ludhiyAnA, vi. saM. san 2010

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI 715 6 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1656 7 gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda -gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1940 8 mUla, mUla kA aMgrejI anuvAda sahita gurjara grantharatna kAryAlaya, gAMdhIroDa, ahamadAbAda, san 1635 aupapAtika 1 prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha- E Leumann, Leipzig, 1883 2 abhayadevakRta vRtti sahita - Agama saMgraha, kalakattA, san 1880; Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1916 3 hindI anuvAda sahita amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 4 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1956 5 mUla--- choTelAla yati, jIvana kAryAlaya, ajamera, san 1936 6 abhayadevakRta vRtti sahita - rAyabahAdura dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, san 1875 7 mUla hindI anuvAda - saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA rAjapraznIya 1 malayagirikRta TIkA sahita dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, san 1880 Agamodaya samiti, bambaI san 1625; gurjara grantharatna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda vi. saM. 1664 2 hindI anuvAda sahita amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2445 3 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1965 4 gujarAtI anuvAda--- (ka) becaradAsa jIvarAja dozI, lAdhAjI svAmI pustakAlaya, bar3I, san 1935 (kha) prakAzaka : gurjara grantha kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda vi. saM. 1994 jIvAbhigama 1 malayagirikRta vRtti sahita - devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa bambaI san 1616 2 hindI anuvAda sahita -- amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. sa. 2445 3 malayagirikRta vRtti va gujarAtI vivecana ke sAtha - dhanapatasiMha, ahamadAbAda, san 1883 prajJApanA 1 malayagirivihita vivaraNa, rAmacandrakRta saMskRta chAyA va paramAnandaSikRta stavaka ke sAtha dhanapatasiMha, banArasa, san 1884

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716 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura sImAMsA : pariziSTa 2 malayagirikRta TIkA ke sAtha-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1918-1916 3 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2445 - 4 malayagiri viracita TIkA ke gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-bhagavAnadAsa harSacandra, jaina sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, vi. sa. 1991 , 5 haribhadra vihita pradeza vyAkhyA sahita-RSabhadeva jI kezarImala jI zve. saMsthA tathA jaina pustaka pracAraka saMsthA, san 1947-1946 6 paNNavaNAsuttaM do bhAga-muni puNyavijaya jI, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 36, san 1971 -7 prajJApanA pradeza vyAkhyA uttara bhAga--jaina pustaka pracAraka saMsthA, sUryapura, san 1946 - sUryaprApti 1 malayagirivihita vRtti sahita--Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1916 , .. 2 romana lipi meM mUla-J. F. Kohl, Stuttgart, 1937 3 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2445 jambUdvIpaprajJapti .. 1 zAnticandravihita vRtti sahita---devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaMDa, bambaI, san 1920; dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA, san 1885 -2 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, bI. saM. 2446 - nirayAvalikA 1 candrasUrikRta vRtti sahita--Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, san 1922 2 vRtti tathA gujarAtI vivecana ke sAtha--Agama saMgraha, banArasa san 1985 .3 prastAvanA Adi se sAtha---P.L. Vaidya, Poona, 1932;A.S. Gopani and V. J. Chokshi, Ahmedabad, 1934 .4 hindI anuvAda sahita---amolakaRSi, haidarAbAda, vI. sa. 2445 5 mUla va TIkA ke gujarAtI artha ke sAtha-jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. sa. 1960 6 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa 1660 7 gurjara grantha kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda san 1934 uttarAdhyayana 1 aMgrejI prastAvanA Adi ke sAtha-----Jari Charpentier, Upsala, 1922 2 aMgrejI anuvAda-H. Jacobi, S. B. E. Series, Vol. 45, Oxford, 1895; Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1964 :-3 lakSmIvallabhavihita vRtti sahita-Agama saMgraha, kalakattA, vi.saM. 1636. 4 jayakIrtikRta TIkA sahita-hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1906

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI 717 5 zAMtisUrivihita ziSyahitA TIkA sahita-devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, san 1916-27 6 bhAvavijaya viracita vRtti sahita--jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi.saM. 1974; vinayabhakti sundaracaraNa granthamAlA, beNapa, vI.saM. 2467-2485' 7 kamalasaMyamakRta TIkA ke sAtha-yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara san 1927 8 nemicadavihita sukhabodhAvRtti sahita-Atmavallabha granthAvalI, valAda, ahamadAbAda san 1937 6. gujarAtI artha evaM kathAoM ke sAtha (adhyayana 1-15)-jaina prAcya vidyAbhavana, ahamadAbAda, 1954 10 hindI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446; ratanalAla dozI, sailAnA vI. saM. 2486; ghevaracandra bAMThiyA bIkAnera vi. saM. 2010 11 mUla-R. D. Vadekar and N. V. Vaidya, Poona, 1954; zAMtilAla vanamAlI zeTha, byAvara, vi.saM. 2010, hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1938; jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI, ahamadAbAda, san 1911 . 12 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1956-1961 13 gujarAtI anuvAda evaM TippaNiyoM ke sAtha (adhyayana 1-18)-gujarAtI vidyA sabhA, ahamadAbAda, san 1952 14 zrI RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zve. saM. ratalAma san 1933 15 gujarAtI anuvAda-hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1934-38 apUrNa 16 hindI TIkA sahita --upAdhyAya AtmArAma jI, jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, san 1936-42 17 hindI anuvAda--muni saubhAgyacandra (santabAla), zve0 sthA0 jaina kaoNnphensa, bambaI, vi. saM. 1962 18 gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana . samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1938 16 cUNi ke sAtha, ratalAma, san 1933 20 gujarAtI anuvAda, santabAla, ahamadAbAda 21 TIkA, jayantavijaya, AgarA, san 1923 22 mUla, chAyA, anuvAda TippaNa yukta-muni nathamala, terApaMthI mahAsamA, kalakattA vazavakAlika 1 mUla-----jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI, ahamadAbAda;, san 1912, 1924; hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1938 umedacanda rAyacanda, ahamadAbAda, san 1930%, zAMtilAla vanamAlI zeTha, byAvara, vi. sa. 2010..

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718 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa 2 haribhadra aura samayasundara kI TIkAoM ke sAtha-bhImasI mANeka, bambaI, san 1600 3 samayasundara vihita vRtti sahita-hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara san 1915, jinayaza sUri granthamAlA, khambhAta, san 1916 4 bhadrabAhukRta niyukti kI haribhadrIya vRtti ke sAtha--devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, san 1918) manasukhalAla hIrAlAla, bambaI, vi.saM. 1966 5 bhadrabAhukRta niyukti sahita-E. Leumann, ZDMG. Vol. 46, pp. 581 663. 6 aMgrejI anuvAda sahitaw. Schubring, Ahmedabad, 1932; N. V. Vaidya, Poona, 1937. 7 hindI TIkA sahita-muni AtmArAma jI, jvAlAprasAda mANakacanda jauharI, mahendragar3ha (paTiyAlA), vi. saM. 1986; jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, vi. saM. 2003; muni hastimala jI, motIlAla bAlamukunda mUthA, satArA, san 1640 8 hiMndI anuvAda sahita-amolaka RSi, sukhadeva sahAya jvAlA prasAda jauharI, haidarAbAda, vI.saM. 2446, muni trilokacandra jItamala jaina, dehalI, vi. saM. 2007; ghevaracandra bAMThiyA, seThiyA jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera, vi. saM. 2002 sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA, vi. saM. 2020; muni amaracandra paMjAbI, vilAyatIrAma agravAla, mAcchIvAr3A, vi. saM. 2000 6 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha----muni dhAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa san 1957-1960 10 sumati sAdhu viracita vRtti sahita-devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, sUrata, san 1954 11 hindI anuvAda-muni saubhAgyacandra (santabAla), zve0 sthA0 jaina kaoNnphrensa bambaI san 1936 12 gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda-- gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, 1636 13 jinadAsakRta cUNi---ratalAma san 1933 14 mUla, TippaNa sahita, AcArya tulasI sa. muni nathamala prakAzaka-jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, 3 pArcugIja carca sTrITa, kalakattA, prathama saMskaraNa 2020; dvitIya saMskaraNa-san 1974 jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM, (rAjasthAna) 15 dasakAliyasutaM-niyukti, agastyasiMha cUNi sahita-saMzodhaka-sampAdaka puNyavijaya jI mahArAja, prakAzaka-prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI 5, pra. saMskaraNa 1973 16 dasavaikAlika dIpikA-hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1905

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI 716 17 jinayazasUri granthamAlA, khambhAta, vi. saM. 1975 18 mUla, artha-sAdhumArgI saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA 16 svAdhyAya sudhA meM mUla-tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura nandI 1 mUla----hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1638, zAMtilAla vana seTha, gurukula priMTiMga presa, byAvara, vi. saM. 2010; choTelAla yati, ajamera, san 1935; seThiyA jaina granthamAlA bIkAnera, jaina pustaka prakAzana samiti, ratalAma; jIvana zreyaskara pAThamAlA, bIkAnera san 1941, mahAvIra jaina bhaNDAra dehalI; sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA san 1958 2 amolaka RSikRta hindI anuvAda sahita-sukhadeva sahAya jvAlAprasAda, haidarAbAda, bI. saM. 2446 3 muni hastimala kRta saMskRta chAyA, hindI TIkA, TippaNI Adi se alaMkRta---- rAyabahAdura, motIlAla mUthA, bhavAnI peTha, satArA, san 1942 4 malayagiripraNIta vRtiyukta-rAyabahAdura dhanapatasiMha, banArasa, vi. saM. 1636 - Agamodaya samiti, bambaI san 1624 5 cUNi va harimavihita vRtti sahita-----RSabhadevajI kezarImala jI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma san 1928 6 muni ghAsIlAlakRta saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1958 7 AcArya AtmArAmakRta hindI TIkA sahita--AcArya zrI AtmArAma jaina prakA zana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 1966 8 nandIcUNi sahita-prAkRta TaiksTa sosAiTI, vArANasI, san 1966 . 9 mUla-sAdhvI zIlakuMvarajI zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya zAstrI sarkala, udayapura (rAjasthAna) anuyogadvAra 1 mUla---zAMtilAla vanamAlI zeTha, gurukula priMTiMga presa, byAvara, vi. saM. 2010 2 amolaka RSikRta hindI anuvAda sahita-sukhadeva sahAya jvAlAprasAda jauharI, haidarAbAda, bI. saM. 2446 3 upAdhyAya AtmArAmakRta hindI anuvAda sahita---zve0 sthA0 jaina kaoNnphreMsa, bambaI (pUrvArdha); murArIlAla caraNadAsa jaina paTiyAlA, san 1931 (uttarArdha) 4 maladhArI hemacandrakRta vRtti sahita-rAyabahAdura dhanapatasiMha, kalakatA san 1880%; devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, san 1915-16; Agamodaya samiti, bambaI san 1924; kezarabAI jJAnamaMdira, pATana, san 1936 5 haribhadrakRta vRtti sahita----RSabhadevajI kezarImala jI zve0 saMsthA, ratalAma san 1928 .

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720 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa | baabaa / 1 amolakaRSi kRta hindI anuvAda sahita-sukhadevasahAya jvAlAprasAda, haidarAbAda bI. saM. 2445 .. . 2 upAdhyAya AtmArAmakRta hindI TIkA sahita-jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, saidamiTThA bAjAra, lAhaura, san 1936 3 mUla-niyukti-cUrNi----maNivijayajI gaNi granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 2011 4 muni ghAsIlAlakRta saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAthajaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1960 kevala AThavA~ uddeza kalpasUtra 1 bhUmikA sahita-H. Jacobi, Leipzig 1879 2 aMgrejI anuvAda-H. Jacobi,S. B. E. Series Vol. 22, Clarendon Press Oxford 1884 3 sacitra-devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, san 1933 4 sacitra-jaina prAcIna sAhityoddhAra, ahamadAbAda san 1941 / 5 muni pyAracaMdrakRta hindI anuvAda sahita-jainodaya pustaka prakAzana samiti, ratalAma, vi. saM. 2005 6 mUla-maphatalAla jhaveracandra, vi. saM. 1996 7 mANikamunikRta hindI anuvAda sahita-sobhAgamala harakAvata, ajamera, vi. sa. 1973 hindI anuvAda-AtmAnaMda jaina sabhA, jAlaMdhara zahara, san 1948 hindI bhAvArtha-jaina zve0 saMgha, koTA, san 1933 10 gujarAtI bhASAntara, citra vivaraNa, niyukti cUNi, pRthvIcandra sUri kRta TippaNa Adi sahita----sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, chIpA mAvajInI pola, ahamadAbAda, san 1952 .11 dharma sAgara gaNiviracita vRtti sahita-jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1922 12 saMghavijayagaNisaMkalita vRtti sahita--vADIlAla cakubhAI, devI zAhano pADo, ____ ahamadAbAda, san 1935 / / 13. samayasundaragaNi viracita vyAkhyA sahita-jinadattasUri jJAnabhaNDAra, bambaI, san 1936 14 vinayavijaya viracita vRtti sahita hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1936 gujarAtI anuvAda-meghajI hIrajI jaina bukaselara, bambaI, vi. saM. 1981 15 hindI artha, vivecana va TippaNa sahita-zrI devendra muni jI ma. zrI amara jaina Agama zodha saMsthAna, sivAnA, san 1968 . 16 mUla pATha niyukti, cUNi pRthvIcandrAcArya viracita TippaNaka sahita-saM. muni

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI 721 puNyavijayajI, gujarAtI anuvAda, prakAzaka-sArAmAI maNilAla navAba, chIpA mAvajInI pola, ahamadAbAda, san 1952 17 kalpasUtra kalpapradIpikA-mukti vimala jaina graMthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, san 1935 18 kalpasUtra subodhikA-vinayavijaya upAdhyAya, jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1975 16 devacaMdra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, san 1911, 1623 ..... 20 paNDita hIrAlAla haMsarAja jaina, jAmanagara, san 1936 21 kalpasUtra kalpalatA--samayasundaragaNi kAlikAcArya kathA sahita--jinadattasUri prAcIna pustakoddhAra, sUrata, san 1936. 22 kalpasUtra kalpakaumudI-zAntisAgaragarmANa, prakAzaka RSabhadevajI kezavalAlajI, ratalAma, san 1936 23 (ka) kalpada makalikA-lakSmIvallabha, jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA,bhAvanagara vi.saM.1975 (kha) belajI zivajI, mAMDavI, bambaI, san 1918 24 sandehaviSauSadhi-jinaprabha , hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1923 / / 25 kalpasUtrArtha prabodhinI-vijaya rAjendrasUri, rAjendra pravacana kAryAlaya, khuDAlA (phAlanA) san 1933 26 mUla gujarAtI, artha vivecana TippaNa sahita-devendra muni, pra. sudharmA zAna mandira, meghajI thomaNa jainadharma sthAnaka, 170 kAMdAvAr3I, bambaI 4 bRhatkalpa 1 jarmana TippaNI Adi ke sAtha-W. Schubring Leipzig, 1905; mUlamAtra nAgarIlipi meM---Poona, 1923 2 gujarAtI anuvAda sahita--DaoN. jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI, ahamadAbAda,san 1915 3 hindI anuvAda ( amolaka RSi kRta ) sahita-sukhadeva sahAya jvAlAprasAda jauharI, haidarAbAda vI. saM. 2445 4 ajJAta TIkA sahita---samyajJAna pracAraka maMDala, jodhapura 5 niyukti, ladhubhASya tathA malayagiri-kSemakIrtikRta TIkA sahita-jaina AtmA. nanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1933-41 sampAdaka : caturvijayajI aura puNyavijayajI 6 bRhatkalpacUNi-hastalikhita-puNyavijayajI ke saMgrahAlaya meN| vyavahAra 1w. Schubring Leipzig, 1918 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka samiti, pUnA san 1923 2 amolaka RSi kRta hindI anuvAda sahita-sukhadevasahAya jvAlAprasAda - jauharI, haidarAbAda, vI. saM.2445 3 gujarAtI anuvAda sahita-jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI, ahamadAbAda, san 1925

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722 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pariziSTa 4 niyukti, bhASya tathA malayagiriviracita vivaraNa yukta- kezavalAla premacanda, ahamadAbAda vi. saM. 1982-85 samagAdaka - muni mANaka nizItha 1 W. Schubring, Leipzig 1911 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka samiti, pUnA san 1623 2 amolaka RSikRta hindI anuvAda sahita sukhadeva sahAya jvAlAprasAda jauharI, haidarAbAda vI. saM. 2446 3 bhASya va vizeSacUrNisahita- sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA saM. upA. amara muni, muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' san 1957-60 4 nizIthacUrNi - durga mapada vyAkhyA (caturthaM vibhAga) ke antargata, pR0 413-443 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA Avazyaka 1 bhadrabAhukRta niyukti kI malayagiSkRita TIkA ke sAtha-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1928 (prathama bhAga ), 11632 ( dvitIya bhAga ); devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, sUrata san 1936 ( tRtIya bhAga ) 2 bhadrabAhukRta niyukti kI haribhadraviti vRtti sahita - Agamodaya samiti, bambaI san 1916-17 3 bhadrabAhukRta niyukti kI mANikyazAMkhara viracita dIpikA sahita --- vijayadAna sUrIzvara jaina granthamAlA, sUrata, san 1939-41 4 maladhArI hemacandra vihita pradezavyAlyA - devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI san 1920 5 gujarAtI anuvAda sahita - bhImasI mANeka bambaI san 1906 6 hindI anuvAda sahita - amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI. saM. 2446 19 hindI vivecana sahita ( zramaNa sUtra ) - upAdhyAya amaramuni, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, vi. saM. 2007 8 saMskRta vyAkhyA va usake hindI gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha-muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1658 6 jinadAsakRta cUNa, ratalAma, pUrvabhAga san 1628, uttara bhAga san 1626 10 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya -- ziSyahitAkhya bRhadvRtti ( maladhArI hemacandrakRta TIkA ) sahita --- yazovijaya jaina graMthamAlA, banArasa, vIra saMvat (2427-2441) 11 gujarAtI anuvAda -- Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1924-27 12 vizeSAvazyakagAthAnAmakArAdiH kramA tathA vizeSAvazyaka viSayANAmanukramaH - nAgamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1913

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI 723 13 svopajJa vRttisahita (prathama bhAga)-lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda, san 1966 14 koTyAcAryakRta vizeSAvazyaka bhASya vivaraNa sahita-prakAzaka RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI pracAraka saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1936-37 15 Avazyaka namisAra vRtti-vijayadAnasUrIzvara graMthamAlA, bambaI san 1936 jItakalpa 1 jItakalpa svopajJa bhASya sahita-saMzodhaka muni puNyavijayajI-prakAzaka---babala candra kezavalAla modI, hAjA paTelanI pola, ahamadAbAda, vi. samvat 1994 2 jItakalpa siddhasenakRta cUrNi tathA zrIcandrasUrikRta vRtti sahita-sampAdaka jinavijaya, prakAzaka-jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka samiti, ahamadAbAda, 1926 3 jItakalpa cUrNi ke sArAMza ke sAtha----E. Leumann Berlin 1892 odhaniyukti 1 droNAcAryavihita vRtti sahita-Agamodaya samiti, mehasAnA, san 1916 2 odhaniyukti--vijayadAna sUrIzvara jaina granthamAlA, sUrata, san 1957 piNDaniyukti 1 malayagiri vihita vRtti sahita-devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra bambaI, san 1618 2 piNDaniyukti-kSamAratnakRta avacUri tathA vIragaNikRta ziSyahita va mANikya zekhara kRta dIpikA ke Adyanta bhAga ke sAtha-prakAzaka---devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, sUrata, san 1928 3 piNDaniyukti malayagirivRtti sahita-anuvAdaka-haMsasAgara, prakAzaka-zAsana kaMTakoddhAraka jJAna mandira mu0 uliyA bhovanagara san 1962 paJcakalpa-mahAbhASya 1 prastuta kRti aprakAzita hai| svargIya Agama prabhAvaka puNyavijayajI mahArAja ke saMgrahAlaya meM, vIra saMvat 1983 2 bRhadkalpa bRhadbhASya yaha bhI aprakAzita hai / A. prabhAvaka, puNyavijayajI mahArAja ke saMgrahAlaya meM / prakIrNaka 1 catuHzaraNa-jaina graMthAvali, pR.72 (jaina zvetAmbara kAnphreMsa, bambaI, vIra saMvat 1965 2 Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1927 rAyabahAdura dhanapatasiMha banArasa san -1886 3 bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI, ahamadAbAda, vi. saMvat 1962 4 jainadharma pracAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara vi. saMvat 1966 / / 5 devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI san 1962

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724 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa AturapratyAkhyAna 1bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI, ahamadAbAda, vi. sambat 1962 2 jainadharma pracAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. samvat 1966 mahApratyAkhyAna 1 bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI, ahamadAbAda, 1662 . bhaktaparijJA 1 bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI, ahamadAbAda, vi. saMvat 1962 . . 2 jainadharma pracAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saMvat 1966 . . tandulavaicArika 1 vijayavimala vihita vRtti sahita---devacandra lAlabhAI jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI san 1922 2 hindI bhAvArtha sahita----zve0 sA0 jaina hitakAriNI saMsthA, bIkAnera, vi. saM.. 2006 ___ saMstAraka 1 jainadharma pracAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara vi. saM. 1966 gacchAcAra 1 vAnaraSivihita vRtti sahita--Agamodaya samiti, mehasAnA san 1923 2 vijayarAjendrasUrikRta gujarAtI vivecana yukta-bhUpendrasUri jaina sAhitya samiti, ... Ahora, vi. saM. 2002 3 gacchAcAra vRtti--lekhaka vijayamala gaNi, dayAvimalajI jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI candravedhyaka va vIrastava 1 kesarabhAI zAna mandira, pATana, san 1941 / / digambara jaina Agama sAhitya 1. baTsavAgama-bhAga 1 se 16 lekhaka-AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa, amarAvatI, I. san 1936-1958 2. SaTkhaNDAgama TIkA (dhavalA)-- lekhaka : vIrasenAcArya, jaina sAhityodvAraka phaMDa, amarAvatI, I. san 1936-1958 3. kaSAyapAhu-lekhaka : AcArya guNadhara, vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA, I0 san ....1955 . 4. kaSAyapAhuucUNisUtra-yativRSabhAcArya, pra. vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA, I0 ... san 1955 5. kaSAyapAhuiTIkA-bIrasenAcArya aura jinasenAcArya, digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA, I0 san 1944 tiloyapaNNatti (bhAga 2)----yativRSabhAcArya, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura I0 san 1943 aura 1951

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI 725 7. pravacanasAra--kundakundAcArya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, san 1966 8. pravacanasAravRtti-amRtacandrAcArya 6. pravacanasAravRtti--jayasenAcArya, prakAzaka-paramabhuta prabhAvaka maNDala, 'bambaI, san 1966 10. samayasAra-kundakundAcArya, bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzana saMsthA, kAzI, I0 san 1915 11. samayasAravRtti-amRtacandrasUri 12. samayasAravRtti----AcArya jayasena, bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzana saMsthA, kAzI, san 1915 13. samayasArakalaza--amRtacandrasUri, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1915 14. paJcAstikAya----kundakundAcArya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala bambaI I. saM. 1972 15. paJcAstikAyavRtti-amRtacandrAcArya 16. paJcAstikAyasi---jayasenAcArya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI I. saM. 1972 17. niyamasAra-kundakundAcArya, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI . . 16. niyamasAravRtti-padmaprabhamalaghArI, jainagrantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1916 16. varzanaprAbhUtasAra-kundakunda bhAratI-zruta bhaNDAra grantha prakAzana samiti, phalTana I0 san 1970 20. padmAbhUtAdi saMgraha-bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 21. bhAvaprAbhUta--bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 22. mokSaprAbhRta-bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 23. mUlAcAra--(bhAga 1, 2) baTTakerAcArya-bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi. sa. 1977-1980 24. mUlAcAravRtti-----AcArya vasunandi----bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 25. gommaTasAra-le. AcArya nemicandra-bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzana saMsthA, kalakattA 26. trilokasAra--nemicandra saiddhAntika-bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI, vIra nirvANa 2444 27. trilokasAraTIkA-mAdhavacandra traivedyadeva, bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI, vIra nirvANa 2444 28. vyasaMgraha-nemicandra saiddhAntika, jaina hitaiSI pustakAlaya, bambaI, I0 san 1616 26. jambUdvIpapaNNattisaMggaho-AcArya padmanandi-jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura vi. saM. 2014

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726 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa 30. dhammarasAyaNa-padyanandImuni bhAratIya jaina digambara granthamAlA, bambaI 31. ArAdhanAsAra-devasenAcArya-bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 32. tattvasAra-zrIdevasena-bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI, vi. saM. 1975 33. varzanasAra-hindI jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, vi. saM. 1973 34. bhAvasaMgraha-mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, vi. saM. 1978 35. bRhavanaya cakra--mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, vi. saM. 1678 36. jJAnasAra-mANikacanda digambara jaina pranthamAlA, vi. saM. 1673 37. vasunandI zrAvakAcAra-saMpAdaka pa0IrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, san 1952 38. zrutaskandha-mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi. saM. 1977 36. nija AtmASTaka-mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi. saM. 1976 40. chedapiDa mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi. saM. 1678 41. Asrava tribhaMgI---mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi.saM. 1978 42. kallANAloyaNA--mANikacanda digammAra jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi. saM. 1977 43. chedazAstra--mANikacanda digambara jaina" granthamAlA, bambaI, vi. saM. 1678 Agama ke atirikta grantha 1. abhisamayAlaMkAra TIkA (bauddha saMskRta grantha) 2. abhidhAna cintAmaNi 3. aMguttaranikAya 4. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana-60 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, pra0 sanmati jhAnapITha, ___ AgarA-2 5. Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja-DA. jagadIza candra jaina, caukhambA 6. Avazyaka kathA7. AuTalAinsa oNpha paMliyogrAphI jarnaka Apha yUnivarsiTI Apha bombe-eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA tathA ojhA 8. inasAyaklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjana epha ethiksa; jilda 1 hoernala 6. iNDiyana philosaphI-DA0 bI0 ema0 baruA 10. itivRttaka 11. upadezapada-AcArya haribhadra 12. RSimaNDala stotra 13. e hisTrI Apha dI kenonikala liTarecara Apha dI jainsa-le0 eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA 14. kaThopaniSad 15. kahAvalI

Page #756
sandarbha graMtha sUcI 727 16. karmagrantha svopajJavRtti-devendrasUri kRta 17. kenonikala liTarecara 18. kenopaniSad 16. kharataragacchIya paTTAvalI 20. gAthAsahasrI-samayasundaramaNI 21. gaNagharavAda-paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 22. gauDapAdakArikA . 23. gItA 24. caupannamahApurisa cariyaM 25. cittasambhUta jAtaka 26. jaina satyaprakAza (patrikA) 27. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka 28. jaina gurjara kaviyo--bhAga 1-2 26. jaina granthAvalI-jaina zvetAmbara kaoNnphreMsa bambaI vi0 saM0 1965 30. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa-pUrva pIThikA-paM0 kelAzacandra jI zAstrI 31. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 1-2-AcArya hastImala jI 32. jaina citrakalpadruma 33. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa-bhAga-1-50 becaradAsa dozI 34. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa---bhAga-2--DA. jagadIzacanda jaina va DA0 mohanalAla mehatA 35. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa-bhAga-3---DA0 mohanalAla mehatA pra0 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI0TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI-5 36. jainadharmavarastotra-svopajJavRtti, le0 bhAvaprabhasUri, pra0-jhaverI jIvanacanda sAgaracanda 37. jainadarzana-DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pra0 sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA-2 38. jarnala oNpha dI vihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI bhAga-13 36. taittirIyopaniSad brahmAnandavallI anuvAda 40. tattvArthasUtra----40 sukhalAla jI saMghavI-pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 5 41. tattvArthabhASya 42. tatvArtharAjavArtika-akalaMka 43. tatvArthasUtra-zrutasAgarIyA vRtti 44. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI-svopajJavRtti muni kalyANavijayajI 45. tisthogAlIya paiNNaya .... (pahale aprakAzita thA aba muni kalyANavijayajI ne jAlora se prakAzita karAyA hai)

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728 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa 46. taittirIya upaniSad----bhRguvallI, velavalakara aura rAnADe 47. theragAthA 48. therIgAthA 46. darzanasAra ratnAkara 50. dIghanikAya 51. divyAvadAna 52. da AjIvikAja prI-buddhisTa 53. dezI nAmamAlA 54. dharmasAgarIyA paTTAvalI 55. dhammapada 56. nyAyavAtika 57. nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad 58. pravacanasAroddhAra 56. prabandha-pArijAtale munizrI kalyANavijayajI 60. pAtaJjala yogasUtra 61. prAkRtabhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa 62. pANinIya zikSA 63. prabhAvaka caritra-pra0 siMdhI granthamAlA 64. pariziSTa parva-AcArya hemacandra 65. prazamaratiprakaraNa-AcArya umAsvAti 66. pratikramaNa granyatrayI kI vRtti 67. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa-DA. jagadIzacanda jaina, caukhambA prakAzana, vArANasI 68. prazastisaMgraha 66. balAhassa jAtaka 70. brahmavidyopaniSad ..... 71. buddhisTa iNDiyA--rAisa DaiviDsa 72. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-vijayodayA TIkA 73. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA " .. 74. bhAratIya itihAsa-eka dRSTi---DA. jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI 75. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dharmakathAo---paM0 becaradAsa dozI 76. bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana-devendra muni, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura (rAjasthAna) 77. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratinidhi kathAe~-devendra muni 78. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dArzanika carcAe~-devendra muni 76. bhAgavat . ....

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sandarbha graMtha sUcI 26 80. mahAjana jAtaka 81. mAtaMga jAtaka 22. majjhimanikAya 53. mahAvIra cariyaM-guNacandra 84. mANDukyopaniSad 55. muni hajArImala smRti grantha-vyAvara (rAjasthAna) 86. mUlArAdhanA vijayodayA 87. yogazAstra 88. yogadarzana--vyAsabhASya 56. muktiprabodha, ratalAma se prakAzita 10. ratnAkarAvatArikA vRtti 11. lAipha ina ainsiyanTa iNDiyA aija DepikTeDa ina jaina kainansa---- DA. jagadIzacanda jaina 12. vaizeSika darzana 13. vividha tIrthakalpa .. 14. vinayapiTaka 5. vizeSa zataka 66. vicAra leza (vicAra sAra prakaraNa) 17. bAyaNAvihi 18. bRhadakathA-koSa-muktiprabodha-pra0 ratalAma vi0 sa01984 66. bRhadAraNyaka brAhmaNa 100. viSNupurANa 101. visavanta jAtaka 102. vIra nirvANa sambat aura jainakAla gaNanA---muni kalyANavijayajI 103. saddharbhapuNDarIka-sUtra 104. sarvArthasiddhi-pUjyapAda 105. sukhabodhA samAcArI 106. samAcArI zataka 107. subAlopaniSad 6 khaNDa IzAdyaSTottara zatopaniSad 108. syAdvAda ratnAkara 106. suttanipAta 110. sTorIja phrAma dI dharma Apha nAyA 111. saMyuktanikAya 112. sampUrNAnanda abhinandana grantha 113. sAMkhyakArikAbelavalakara aura rAnADe

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730 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa 114. saMnyAsopaniSad 115. senTa methyU kI suvArtA 116, sonaka jAtaka 117. senTa lyUka kI suvArtA 118. zikSA samuccaya 116. zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 120. zvetAzvatara upaniSad zAMkarabhASya 121. zvetAmbara iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhAga-11 122. hindI vizvakoSa-DA0 nagendranAtha vasu 123. hisTrI eNDa DokTrinsa Apha da AjIvikAja-e0 ela0 bAzama . 124. harivaMzapurANa 125. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara bhAga-2-vinTaranitja: 126. hisTorikala glInigja-le0 DA0bI0sI0 lAhA 127. hasthipAla jAtaka 128. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra-AcArya hemacandra 129. jJAnAJjalI-puNyavijayajI mahArAja

Page #760
zabdAnukramaNikA aMga 8-11,16,26, 60,286 agaMdhana sarpa 312 aMgapaNNasI 58, 77,76, 162, 167, agastyasiMha sthavira 460,465, 466 281,287, 306, 600 agrAyaNIya pUrva 164 aMgaprabhava 282 agni 114,115, 607 aMgapraviSTa 7, 12, 13, 54, 316, agnihomavAdI sampradAya 63 326, 332, 565 aNahila pATaNa 518,521, 522,538 aMgabAhya 7, 12, 13, 16,54, 118, aNuvrata 140, 146, 146, 275 128, 225, 280, 256, 318, anaMgakrIr3A 144 316, 326, 332, 565 anaMgasenA gaNikA 277 aMgabAhya zruta 569 anagAra 304 aMga sAhitya 44, 310, 564 anagAradharma 304 aMgasUtra 201 antakRddazAMga 35, 161-165, 286, aMgArakarma 147 523, 636 aMguttaranikAya 66, 610-616, 632 antakRddazAvRtti 522 aMgula 336, 337 antakriyA 248 aMjuzrI 191 antarAya 303 . aMtagaDa 163 anarthadaNDa 87 aMtahuMDI 126 anarthadaNDaviramaNavata 148 aMbaDa parivrAjaka 118, 203 ananta 257 akarmabhUmi 120 ananta pradezI skandha 251 akarmabhUmija 218 anantAnubandhI 245 akarmavIrya 83, 84 ananugAmI 321 akAmamaraNa 263 anavasthitatA 146 akAmamaraNIya 263 anyatvabhAvanA 266 akriyAvAdI 76, 85, 122, 206, anazana 73 451 anakSarazruta 325 akuzala 628 anAkArapazyattA 251

Page #761
732 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa anAkAropayoga 251 apratyAkhyAna 245 anAcAra 140 apratipAti 321 anAtha pravrajyA 266 apramAda 302 anAthImuni 266 apArdhAhArI 486 anAbhoganivartita 245, 251, 253, abandhyapUrva 165 254 abrahmacarya 174 anArya 14 anmutadhamma 12 anAryakSetra 255, 453 abhagnasena 186 anAhAraka 251, 574 abhayakumAra 60 anidA 254 .. abhayaghoSa 563 anikAputra 563 ..... abhayacandra siddhAntacakravartI 564 anukampAdAna 152 . ... abhayanandi AcArya 563 ,.. anugAmI 321 .......... abhyaGkara 554 . anuttaradarzI 284 . .. abhavya 237,565 .. . anuttara vimAna 237 . .. abhavasiddhika 125 anuttara jJAnI 284 abhicandra 257 anuttaropapAtika 35 abhinibodhika 436, 440... anuttaropapAtikadazA 166-166, 523. abhivaddhita 268 anumAna 324, 338 abhIcikumAra 117. . anuyoga 16,453: - .. abhUtArthagrAhI 560 anuyogadvAra 13, 23, 35, 58, 170, amarakaMkA 136 317, 330-336, 341, 453, amara jaina Agama zodha saMsthAna 556 . 486,517,526.. . amUrta 213 anuyogadvAraNi 460, 461,510 araNaka zrAvaka 134 anuyogadvAravRtti 510, 536 ... arihanta 233 anekAntadRSTi 236 .. arihanta tIrthakara 618 apakAya 450 . aloka 304 apakvAhAra 147 ... alokAkAza 240 aparyApta 237, 244 : . .. - avagraha 118, 246, 316, 346, 436 aparAjitasUri 63, 563 aparigraha 3, 174, 184 .. . avagraheSaNA 73 aparigRhItAgamana 144 .. ..... avagAhanA 240 apavAda 75, 313, 347, 453 , ..... avagAhanA-saMsthAna 246-.... apRthaktvAnuyoga 16, 17.. ..- avadAna 12 apratyakSa jJAna 323 - avadhi 252, 316,463 - ..

Page #762
zabdAnukramaNikA 733 avadhijJAna 154, 155, 252, 320 ajJAyika 315 321, 350, 463 ajJAyikA 318 avantI sukumAla 486 Ausa 626 avamAna 324 AkAza 238 avasarpiNI 68, 120, 256, 258, AkAzAstikAya 126, 213 / 329, 337 Agama 4, 5, 7, 9, 13-15, 33, 42, avAya 246, 346, 440, 463 18, 336, 607, 637 / / avidyA 611 Agama prabhAvaka zrI puNyavijayajI avinIta 315 mahArAja 437, 460, 526, 535, avyavahArarAzi 240 554 azvamitra 67 Agama yuga 297. ... azokavRkSa 274 . . Agama sAhitya 42, 44, 50, 56, azoka vATikA 157 185, 280, 286, 326, 330, aSTasamiti 66 331, 506, 543, 586, 635, aSTApada parvata 258, 261 asaMyata 126 - Agara 62 asaMyama 302 AgAla 62 . asaMvibhAgI 315 AcAra 47, 63, 314, 315, 446 asaMjJI 252, 254 - AcArakalpa 54,74 . . asatya 174 AcAracUlA 53 asatyabhASA 244 AcAradazA 347 asatyAmRSA 314 AcAradharma 156 astikAya 126 AcAraprakalpa 56. .. astinAstipravAdapUrva 164 AcArapraNidhi 316 ... asatIjaNapoSaNatA karma 148 AcArabhuta adhyayana 6 asteya 3,174, 180 : AcArAMga 6, 10, 17, 21, 22, 35, asoccA kevalI 116 ...... 37,47-51, 56, 57, 60, 63, azrutanizrita 316, 324 / / 64, 77, 281, 286, 288, ahamadAbAda 486 307-306, 446,517, 524, arhata 627 561, 607, 608, 610, 63.. ahaMt ariSTanemi 163 ... AcArAMgacUNi 48, 54, 56, 460, ahiMsA 3, 141, 174, 177 468, 499 akSa 463 AcArAMganiyukti 51, 52, 57, 62, akSarazruta 325 74, 438, 468, 574 . azAnavAdI 79,85, 122, 451... / AcArAMgavRtti 515, 564

Page #763
734 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa AcArAgra 58 AcArya pUjyapAda 586 AcAla 62 AcArya bhadrabAhu 437, 532 AcArya 68,315, 484 AcArya bhUtabali 566 AcArya akalaMka 16, 63, 113, 130 AcArya malayagiri 24, 46, 130, AcArya abhayadeva 6,46,56,58, 80, 206, 216, 227-231, 240, 11, 102, 103, 112, 128, 242, 254, 344, 438, 436, 130, 161-163, 167, 173, 454, 524-526, 533, 535 174, 216, 251, 518, 516, AcArya mAdhavacandra 566 AcArya muni dharmasiMhajI 552 AcArya abhayanandI 563 AcArya yativRSabha 576 AcArya amRtacandra 581,583 AcArya ratnasiMhajI 552 AcArya amolaka RSijI 555 AcArya vasunandI 569 AcArya ArAtIya 55 AcArya vIrasena 76,113, 575 AcArya umAsvAti 16, 611 AcArya zayyambhava 28,30,308, 306, AcArya kAlaka 167, 486, 503 467,562 AcArya kundakunda 564, 576, 580, AcArya zivanandIgaNI 561 588, 586, 562 AcArya zivArya 561 AcArya guNadhara 575 AcArya zIlabhadra 536 AcArya jayasena 583 AcArya zIlAta 55, 70, 196, 514AcArya jinacandra 60 516 521, 538 AcArya jinadAsagaNi mahattara 161, AcArya zubhacandra 563 AcArya siddhasena 456 AcArya jinanaMdigaNI 561 AcArya zrIcandra 16, 534 AcArya jinaprabha 16 AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI mahArAja AcArya jinabhadra 328, 456, 460 555 AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa 514 AcArya zrI tulasI 556 AcArya jinabhaTa 506 AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja 57, AcArya jinasena 575, 561 AcArya tosalIputra 16 AcArya haribhadra 24, 64, 161, 231, AcArya devaddhi 328 460, 501, 506, 514, 518, AcArya devasena 563 527,536 AcArya devendra 326 AcArya haribhadrasUri 528 AcArya nemicandra 563 AcArya haribhadra racita tattvArthaTIkA AcArya pRthvIcandrasUri 550 526 bhAcArya puSpadanta 560, 565 AcArya hemacandra 57, 130, 525, 536

Page #764
AcArya jJAnavimala 173 AjAI 60 AjIvika 267 ATha AtmA 66 ATha mada 66 AtmavAdapUrva 194, 228, 308 AtmA 3, 34, 65, 302, 323, 586 AtmAMgula 336 AtmA tavAdI 3 Anayana prayoga 150 AnupUrvI 334, 340 Apta 5 ApAta kirAta 260 AmrakubjAsana 351 Ardra kakumAra 89-94, 45.1 Ardra kapura pa AdAna adhyayana 85 AdAna- nikSepaNa samiti 178 Aditya 266, 266, 336 AdipurANa 561, 562 Arya satya 616 Ananda 136, 140, 152, 154-156, Arya samudra 486 156, 616, 627 Arya sarvagupta 511 Arya kSetra 356, 453 ArAtIya 13 ArAtIya AcArya 288 324 Abhiyogika deva 207 Abhoganivartita 245, 251, 253 AmagaMdhasUtra 307 AmalakappAnagarI 206 AmrasAla caitya 206, 207 AmnAya 4 Amokkha 60 zabdAnukramaNikA 735 ArAdhanA kathAkoSa 562 Abhinibadhika 316. 320, 323, ArAdhanA niyukti 454 ArAdhanA paJjikA 563 Ayarisa 62 AyaMbila vardhamAna 165 Arya 481 Arya jambU 562 Arya deza 505 AyAra 61 AyuSya 235, 242 Arya puSpabhUti 443 Arya maMgU 486 Arya rakSita 16, 17, 42, 168 285 344, 345, 441, 486, 42 Arya vajra 441 Arya vajra svAmI 16, 36, 71, 344, 462 Arya zANDilya 327 Arya zyAmAcArya 570 Arya zivanaMdigaNI 561 Arya zilpa 41 Arya zauNDilya 327 ArAdhanA patAkA 454 Aropya 61 AlambhikA 116 AlocanA 484 Avazyaka 22, 23, 332, 438, 464 AvazyakacUrNi 57 226, 454, 490, 461, 465, 563 Avazyaka niyukti 23, 244, 328, 326, 435, 436, 465, 497, 513 AvazyakabhASya 563

Page #765
jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pariziSTa 736 Avazyaka malayagirivRtti 226 AvazyakavRtti 24, 525, 535 Avazyakavyatirikta 280, 306, 326 Avazyaka sUtra 321, 332, 454, 513 AzIviSa 315 ASAr3ha 97, 441 Asava 155, 582 AsravadvAra 174 AhAraka 245, 251 AhArapada 250 AhAraparijJA adhyayana pa iMgitamaraNa 72 73 icchAnirodha 301 icchA parimANavrata 145 itvarika parigRhItAgamana 144 itivRttaka 12 indrabhUti gautama 154, 255 indriya 252 indriya pratyakSa 316, 338 indriyA~ 66, 246 iSaNA 75 isa bhadraputra 116 iSukAra 261, 634 ihalokazaMsA prayoga 156 ikSukArIya adhyayana 266 IryAsamiti 178 Izvara kAraNavAdI 87 IzAna lokapAla 116 utpAdapUrva 194 uttara 281 uttarakuru 220, 261 uttarabalissahagaNa 67 uttarAdhyayana 17, 20, 22, 23, 35, 226, 276 305, 307, 306, 318, 561, 616, 622, 632, 634 uttarAdhyayana cUrNi 256, 460, 468 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 288 468 utarAdhyayanabhASya 457 uttarAdhyayanavRtti 516 uttarAyaNa 265, 266, 277 utsarga 75, 174, 312, 313, 347, 453 utsarpiNI 68, 120, 256, 258, 321, 337 utsevAMgula 336, 337 udaka 115 udaya 254 udayana 117 udAna 12 uddiSTabhaktatyAga pratimA 153 udIraNA 254 uddehagaNa 17 udyogaparva 621 ummAna 335 upakrama 335 IhA 246, 316, 325, 326, 349, upadhAnazruta 451 440, 463 ujjayinI 503 ukumAra 188 uDuvAtitagaNa 67 utkAlika 306, 316, 332 utpalA 188 upadhAnazruta adhyayana 73 upaniSad 4 126, 235, 245 upaniSad sAhitya 543, 6072 upabhoga- paribhoga parimANavrata 146 upabhoga- paribhogAtireka 146 - upayoga 118, 251, 252

Page #766
.. ...... zabdAnukramaNikA 737 upavAsa 150 audArika 245 .......... upasarga adhyayana 81 auddezika 312 upasargaharastotra 437 : - ... aupaniSad brahmAvata 488 upazamasamyaktva 565 aupapAtika 252, 524 - - upAMga 16,26 , opapAtikavRtti 523 auSapAtikavRtti 523 upAdhyAya 315, 485 .. ... aupapAtikasUtra 34, 126, 201-205 upAdhyAya dhanavijayajI 548 kacchulla nArada 136 . . 5.. :upAdhyAya bhAva vijayajI 546 . kaThopaniSad 606 upAdhyAya lakSmIvallabhajI 546 kanakanandI 563 , upAdhyAya vinayavijayajI 546... kanakAvalI tapa 165: : upAdhyAya vimalaharSajI 548 . kandarpa 146 upAdhyAya zAMtisAgarajI 546 kapila 284,264 - 15. upAdhyAya samayasundaragaNI 20, 22, 25 kapilapura 203 upAsaka 136, 272, 452, 627...: kapilamuni 294 . .. ... upAsakadazAMga 34, 136-160, 615, karma 34, 53, 117, 135, 250, 626 upAzraya 276 karma Arya 254 : - umbaradatta 160 ..... karmajA 316, 324 urabbhiya 263. karmaprakRti 303 Urdhvaloka 236 karmapravAdapUrva 165, 228, 282, 283, eke ndriya 238, 253 . 308 : ekorukadvIpa 218 karmaphala 296 elaya adhyayana 263 karmabhUmi 120 elAcArya 576 . .... karmabhUmija 218 . . eSaNA samiti 178 karmayoga 18 airavata kSetra 107, 110 . karmavAda 256, 636.... / airAvata 261, 265 karmavIrya 83,54 airAvaNa 83 .. karmasiddhAnta 186, 277 opaniyukti 22, 23, 438, 436, karmAdAna 148 467,517 kamboja deza 201 oghaniyukti bRhadbhASya 486 karakaNDa 443. 10 opaniyukti laghubhASya 486, 487 karaNa 80,306 " oghasaMjJA 512 karaNalabdhi 565 ojaAhAra 88 karaNAnuyoga 18, 601:., autpAtikI 324 - kalpa 11, 481 .. .

Page #767
kriyAvizAlapUrva 195 kriyAsthAna adhyayana 87 kIlakacchAyA 270 kuNDakuNDapura 576 kuuentfer 136. 157 kuNDarIka 137 kuNAlA janapada 208 kundakunda 581 kuntI: 136. kuprAvacanika 333 kumbha 66, 616 kumbhakArajAtaka 291 kumbhaghara 126 kumAradeva 256 kumArasambhava 166 kulakara 103 kuzIla adhyayana 83 kUTatulA- kUTamAna 144 kUTalekhakriyA 143 kUNika 271, 272 kenopaniSad 606 kevala 316, 463kevaladarzana 258. kevalajJAna 258, 261, 321, 322, 323, 440 kevalajJAnI 323 kevalI 8, 235 kevalI samuddhAta 204 keza vANijya 147 kezI 117, 300 kezI- gautamIya 261, 300 kezIzramaNa 206 - 215 koTikaaNIya 45 koTinaNIya vasvAmI 460 koTyAcAryaM 506, 514, 537 zabdAnukramaNikA 736 koDitagaNa 67 koNika 521 kokunda 576 krodha 315 kI kucya 146 kauzAmbI 117, 164, 190 khaMjanarAga 116 khaMDapavAya guhA 256 khaMDapAta guphA 260 khaMdasiri 186 kharataragaccha 510 kharataragacchIya mAnyatA 550 khaluMkIya 301 khomiya 76 gaMga 67 gaMgadeva 115 gaMgAdevI 260 gaMDakAnuyoga 166 gaMdhahastin 517 gaMdhahastI 521 gagaMgotrIya gArgyamuni 301 gajasukumAla 163, 563 N gaNadhara 6, 7, 12, 30, 60, 78, 317, 330, 635 gaNadhara gautama 6, 46, 14, 116, 120, 128, 154, 155, 158, 188111, 202, 216, 275, 300, 451 gaNadhara RSabhasena 258 gaNadharavAda 460, 636 gaNadhara sudharmA 50, 521 gaNAvacchedaka 484 gaNi 606 gaNitamAna 335, 336 gaNitAnuyoga 16, 17,47 #

Page #768
740 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa gaNipiTaka 10, 26,101, 128, 163, gauDapAdakArikA 608 308, 563 gautama 451 - 19014 gaNisthAna 48, 446, 452: godohAsana 351 - gardabhilla 232 geya 11,12 yabhAtpanna 217. aveyaka deva 204, 223 gamikazruta 325 ....... ghRtapuSyamitra 344 garuDanyUha 272 .. . dhRtoda samudra 222 gaveSaNaSaNA 313 , cakraratna 258, 256 grantha 4 / cakravartI 108, 106, 255, 258, grantha adhyayana 85 anyatrayI 80 caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu 438, grahaNaiSaNA 313 caturdazapUrvI 10, 265, 301 gRddhapicchAcArya 576 caturvizatiprabandha 510 : kuna gRhastha 136, 156 - catuvizatistava 42 .38 gRhasthadharma 140, 266 caturaMgIya adhyayana 263 gAMgeya aNagAra 116 caturindriya 253 gAthA 12 candra 221, 262, 266, 268, 266 gAthA adhyayana 86 candragupta dvitIya 44 gAthApati lepa 64 : candraprajJapti 264-270, 579 grIka 265 .: .:: . candrAbha 257 guNa 287, 320, campAnagarI 201, 202, 205, 271, guNasthAna 567, 572 . . 272, 266, 521 gupta sAmrAjya 44 .. caraNa 80,306.. . " gurudUsagaNI 328 caraNa-karaNAnuyoga 16, 17, 284,306 godAsagaNa 97 . ..... caraNAnuyoga 18, 305, 602 gopAla 406 ... carama 243 gommaTasAra 55, 77, 101, 564 carama-acarama 243 . .. govatika sampradAya 83 cakSuSmAna 257 govindavAcaka 437, 483 ... cANakya 486 govindaniyukti 436, 454, 462 cAmuNDarAya 563 . govindAcArya 436 cAraNagaNa 97 gozAlaka 60,118, 125,157, 158, cAra mahAvrata 300 627. cAra zaraNa 6124 goSThAmAhila 16,67, 344 : 3., . cAritra 301

Page #769
. . zabdAnukramaNikA 741 cAritradharma 258 cAritralabdhi 565 ..jambUdvIpa 105, 110, 164, 216citta 296 222, 262, 263, 266, 267citta-saMbhUta 261, 266, 634 ..... 270, 577 citta-saMbhUta jAtaka 634 jambUdvIpaprajJapti 255, 544, 576 citta sArathI 208-210 jambUdvIpaprajJaptiTIkA 530, 532 cilAta 137 . . ......... / jambUvRkSa 231 ... cilAtaputra 486, 563 jambUsvAmI 12, 31...... cullakalpazruta 543 .... jambU sudarzana vRkSa 220 cullazataka 136 . - jarmana vidvAna vinTaraniraja 436 culla himavaMta parvata 136 jamAli 97,116,125, 441 / cUNi 20, 21,282, 506 , jayaghoSa 301 ... cUrNikAra jinadAsamahattara 24, 35, jayadhavalA 77,76, 130,156, 162, 285, 460 . 172, 306, 575. .. cUNi sAhitya 16, 486, 505, 508 jayantI 117, 125 . . cUlaNI pitA 136, 157 jayasenAcArya 576 jayasanAcArya 576 . . . culikA 316, 317 jarAkumAra 164 cUlikAsUtra 317 . .... jalazIcavAdI sampradAya 63. .. celanA 272 jAtaka 12,261 caurNa 64, 65 / / jAtismaraNa 252, 350 caudaha pUrva 42, 46 jitazatru rAjA 255.. .. cauMsaTha kalAe~ 257 jinakalpika 453, 502. .... chaMda 11 jinacandrasena 576 :chagalapura 186 .. .. jinadatta 456 chadmastha 226 - jinadAsa 192 channika 186 ... ...... jinadAsagaNImahattara 286,467,505, dhavicchedaH 142 chinnachedanaya 164 jinaprabhasUri 547 ." chinnakedanayika 51, 106 jina-pravacana 317 cheda 16, 23 ...... jinapAla 138, 633 chedapiNDa 600 , jinabhadragaNIkSamAzramaNa 9, 12, 25, chedasUtra 24, 25, 33, 347, 436, 330, 331, 456, 460, 506, 626 .... 537, 576,560 chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu 437... jina bhASita 282 jaMgIya 75 .. . jinarakSita 138, 633 .

Page #770
742 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa jinazAsana 441 jaina saMskRta 606 jItakalpa 25, 486 jaina sAdhanA 607 " jItakalpaNi 460 jaina sAhitya 63, 151, 627... jItakalpa bRhancUNi 466, 536 jainAgama 4-6, 36, 43, 66,315, jItakalpa bRhaccUNi viSamapadavyAkhyA 630 .... jaisalamera 160 jItakalpabhASya 487, 466 - jyotivida varAhamihira 23" . jItakalpasUtra 460 . jyotiSa 11 . jIva 114, 117, 126,210,215, jyotiSakaraNDagrantha 103 225, 226, 233, 243-245, jyotiSakaraNDakasUtra 526 : 304 jyotiSazAstra 270 - jIvakANDa 594 - jyotiSI 217,218, 222, 237, jIvadravya 238 252,253, 262 . .. jIvapradIpikA 564 . .. jyotiSI indra 273 jIvavidyA 307 TIkA 508 .. jIvasthAna 566 TIkA sAhitya 508 jIvasamAsa 535 DaoN. Ara. zAma zAstrI 265 ... jIvAjIvavibhakti 304. . . . . DaoN. umAkAnta 232 jIvAdhigama 216 .. . DaoN0 e0ena0 upAdhye 581, 562 jIvAbhAI paTela 554 : DaoN0 e0ena0 ghATage 561 jIvAbhigamavRtti 526 ..... .. DaoN0 e0 cakravartI 580..... jIvAstikAya 126 : DaoN. gyArino 21, 23" / jIvitAzaMsAprayoga 156 . DaoN0 dhATake 435 jekobI 261, 551 - DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina 131 jaina 42,88,626 , DaoN. ghibau 265 jainAgama 630 . . .. DaoN0 nemicandra 131.586 jaina Agama sAhitya 606, 630, 633 DaoN0 vinTaranitja 201, 206, 264, jainadarzana 65, 164,186, 233 : 311 jainahaSTi 230, 246, 263, 266, DaoN0 zubiga 4, 23,65, 264 628, 626, 632 DaoN0 sArapenTiyara 21, 23 jainadharma 605 DaoN0 harmana 4,50, 551 jaina paramparA 263, 323, 455, DaoN. harmana jekobI 605 626, 627, 633 DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI 576 jaina paribhASA 313 tajjIvataccharIravAda 87 jainazAstra 236 ... tatpratirUpakavyavahAra 144

Page #771
zabdAnukramaNikA 743 tattvArthabhASya 16, 130, 514 tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva 263 , , ... tattvArtha rAjavArtika 63, 130, 166, tIna AhAra 18 172, 288, 306 tIna gupti 300 tattvArthavRtti 206 tIna dRSTi 68 tasvArthavArtika 112,162 tIna veda 68 tattvArthasUtra 143, 162, 323, 467, tIna zaraNa 612 628, 626 tuMgiyA nagarI 125 tattvArthasUtra zrutasAgarIyAvRtti 306, tucchoSadhibhakSaNa 147 teindriya 238, 253 tattvArthasvopajJabhASya 170 tejaskAya 450 tathAgata buddha 606, 612, 617, 627, tetalIputra 135, 136 terApaMthI paramparA 30,44 tadvyatirikta Avazyaka 333 . tejasa 243, 245 tapa 302 taittiriyopaniSad 610 tapa samAdhi 316 ... thArApadagacchIya 516 tapomArga gati 302 thAvaccAputra 132, 133 tamisraguhA 256 therI 626 taskaraprayoga 144 therImAthA 626 tAmalItApasa 115 datta 161 tArA 221, 268 dantavANijya 147 tigiMcha parvata 261 dazapUrvadhara vacasvAmI 436 tinduka vRkSa 296 / dazavakAlika 306 tiryak loka 578 dazavakAlikacUNi 467 tiryaca 217,446, 585 dazavakAlikaniyukti 57, 64, 308, tilakamaMjarI 516 438, 467,561 tiloyapatti 576, 576 dazavakAlikavRtti 41, 511 . tiSyagupta 67,441 darzana 301 tIrtha 160, 464 darzanapratimA 152 tIrthaGkara 5, 6, 13, 34, 43, 48, 60, darzanaprAbhRta 544, 588 103, 120, 136, 255, 257, darzanamoha 250 . . . 258, 262, 274, 317, 464, darzanasAra 568. 462,577, 617, 633 . darzanAvaraNIya karma 250, 303 . tIrthara mallI bhagavatI 133, 134 dazAzrutaskandha 24, 25, 206, 347, tIrthaGkara mahAvIra 606 543, 544,546. tIrthakara munisuvrata 118 dazAzrutaskandhacUNi 505, 506. /

Page #772
744 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA pariziSTa dazAgtaniyukti 437, 452, dvArikA nagarI 2773 505511 digambara 564,634urren digambara grantha 201, 564 digambara dRSTi 565 digambara paramparA 15, 36, 44, 58, 76 166, 306, 564, 566, 580, 587 dasa Azcarya 100 dasa dharma 66 dasa pahannA 31 dasavekAliya 306 dasavetAliya 310 dasa samAdhisthAna 267 dasa sukha 16 dakSiNAyana 265, 266, 270 dravya 100, 230, 236, 236, 287, 320, 321, 322 dravya Avazyaka 333 287, 288 digambarAcArya 637 dizAparimANavrata 146 dizAprekSaka tApasa 274 dravyadRSTi 240 dvitIya bhadrabAhu 23, 326, 437, 436 dravyapradeza 236 dvitIya zIlabhadrasUri 538 dravyalezyA 303 dravyasaMgraha 563, 566 dravyasvabhAvaprakAza 568 dIghanikAya 618, 626 dIkSA 258 dvIndriya 238, 253 dravyAnuyoga 16, 17, 18, 47, 81, dvIpAyana RSi 163 285, 305, 331, 602 du:kha 118 dRr3hapratijJa 203, 215duHkhavipAka 191, 192 hRSTAnta 3, 24 dutipalAsacaitya 155 durbalikApuSyamitra 16, 36, 344, B dRSTivAda 6, 10, 11, 36, 46, 81, 120, 163-165, 266, 325, 570 dRSTiviparyAsa 345 durvidagdhA 318 duSpakvAhAra 147 She Trirat duSamA 256, 258 duSamA-duSamA 256 duSamA- suSamA 256258 mapuSpikA 311 dUSyagaNi 327 deva 217, 222, 463 49. devakuruH 261 devadattA 161 devaddha 328 digambara mAnyatA 564 digambara sAhitya 76, 131, 196, 1962 dAna 151, 264 dAvadravavRkSa 135 dAvAgnidAnakarma 148 dvAdazAMga 11, 12, 13, 596 dvAdazAMgI 8, 9, 11, 48, 46, 50, 126, 161, 325, 441 dvAdazAnuprekSA 506 dvAdazAranayacakra 516 : dvArikA 163 caraka Decem My da 134 22 yUpI def gi Moghis

Page #773
. ........ zabdAnukramaNikA . 745 devaddhigaNikSamAzramaNa 12, 38, 39, 42, dhavalA 58, 77, 76, 170, 171, 44, 18, 102, 103, 104, 252, 207, 306, 306, 566 127,173, 163, 285, 261 dhRti 312 devavAcaka 327, 328, 543 . dhAtakIkhaNDa 108, 221, 268 devavAcaka nandIsUtra 326, 327 . dhArmika itihAsa 300 devasenagaNI 550... .. dhyAna 565 devAdhideva 106 dhAraNA 316, 325, 326, 440, devAnandA 116 devendragaNI 538 - dhAriNI rAnI 161, 255 dezanAlabdhi 565 . dhUta adhyayana 66 dezAvakAsika vrata 150 ...", dhUrtAkhyAna 501 dezIyagaNa 593 - nandamaNikAra 135 dvaSa 250, 628 nandanavana 261... . droNAcArya 436,517,518. nandinIpitA 136, 156 draupadI 136 nandIphala 136 dhanadeva sArthavAha 161 nandIcUNi 58, 102, 171, 327, 461 dhanapati 162 .. nandImalayagirivRtti 102, 171 .' dhanapAla 20 nandovardhana 160 dhana sArthavAha 522 nandIvRtti 510,526 . . dhanyakumAra 166 nandIsUtra 13, 23, 30, 44, 55, 57, dhanvantarI vaidya 443 60, 65, 80, 67, 101, 112, dhannA sArthavAha 132, 133 123, 131, 136, 170-174, dhammapada 261,614, 622 . 186-186, 206, 231, 281, dhammarasAyaNa 597 306, 317, 326, 330, 437 / dharma 238, 311 - nandI hAribhadrIyAvRtti 102 dharma adhyayana 84 ... nami pravajyA 264, 634 dharmakathAnuyoga 16,17,47,284,305 nami vidyAdhara 260 dharma cakravartI 257 ... nami suguhA 253 dharmaghoSa 443, 593 . . . naya 340, 343.344 . . dharmaruci anagAra 136 : nyagrodhavRkSa 258 dharmasaMgraha 66 : naraka 121, 242, 273, 631 dharmasiMhamuni 552, 553: . narakavibhakti adhyayana 82 dharmasena muni 600 navatattva ,301 dharmAstikAya 126, 213, 235, 244, navanidhiratna 261 340 . . . ... navamallavI 271

Page #774
jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa niryUr3ha 308 niryUhaNa 308, 310 niryUhaNa Agama 27 niyoga 331 746 navalicchavI 271 navasavAvAsa 616 navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri 517 nakSatra 221, 267, 268 nAgakumAra deva 260 nAgArjunIya vAcanA 37 arrermakathA 130 131 nAbhi 257 nAma karma 303 nyAya-vaizeSika 241 nAraka 217, 240, 463 nArako 585 nArada parivrAjakopaniSad 610 nAradaputra 116 nAlandA 451 nAlandIya adhyayana 14 nirgrantha 155, 626 nirgrantha pravacana 140, 206, 275, 276 nizIthasUtra 500 nirgrantha zramaNa 314 nizcayadRSTi 584 nidhIputra 116 nigoda 224. niSandu bhASya 437 nirjarA 116, 254, 582 nijAtmASTaka 600. nidA 254 nidAnazalya 630 niyativAda 118 niyativAdI 87 nirayAbalikA 271 nirayAvalikAvRtti 536 nirukta 11 nirupakrama 121, 242, 273 nilaJchanakarma 147 nirvANa 584 607, 631, 632 nirvANamArga 631 nizItha 24, 25, 54, 55, 486, 500, nizIthacUrNi 41, 167, 45.4 nizIthacUrNidurgapadavyAkhyA 538 nizIthaniyukti 438, 454 nizIthabhASya 23, 452, 487 nizIthavizeSacUrNi 500 445, 462, 547 niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu 30, 48, 285, 437, 438 528 niyukti sAhitya 508 282, nizcayanaya 301, 320, 582 niSkuTa pradeza 256, 260 niSeghakumAra 207, 278 niSedha parvata 261 nisarga 638 nihnava 97, 441 vivAda 636 nemicandra 567 niyama pratimA 153 niyamasAra 58 3 niyukti 232, 200-282, 256, 263: naiyAyika- vaizeSika 607 noindriya- pratyakSa 316, 320 paMcakalpacUrNi 26 paMcakalpaniyukti 438 paMcakalpabhASya 326, 435 nemicandravRtti 300 nemicandrasUri 530 nemicandrAcArya 566

Page #775
zabdAnukramaNikA 747 paMcakalpaladhubhASya 482 ... pannavaNA 254 paMcabhUtavAdI 83 panyAsa jayavijayajI 548 paMcamuSTiloca 261 paryApta 237, 244 paMcasiddhAntikA 326 paryAya 100,240, 245, 207 / paMcAzakagnantha 518 paryAyAdhika naya 325 paMcAstikAya 126,583 paryuSaNa 352, 353 paMDita 118 paryuSaNa parva vicAra 551 paMDita ASAdharajI 563,566 . paryuSaNA 352, 353 paMDita jugalakizorajI mukhtyAra 590 paryuSaNA kalpa 352 paMDita ToDaramalajI 564, 566 paryuSaNA kAla 453 paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA 460, paryuSaNASTAhnikA vyAkhyAna 551 paramANu 118, 120, 213, 235, paMDita dyAnatarAya 566 236,240, 586 paMDita nAthUrAma 560 paramANu pudgala 116 paMDita becaradAsajI dozI 16, 131, paramANuvAdI 241 187,551 paralokAzaMsA prayoga 156 paMDitamaraNa 73, 263, 504 paravyapadeza 151 paNDita munizrI nathamalajI 556 paravivAhakaraNa 144 paMDita munizrI puNya vijayajI 345,545, parigraha 174, 177, 184, 314, 607 paricAraNA 253 paMDita vijayamunijI 555 pariNAma 245 paMDita zobhAcandrajI bhArilla 554 pariNAmikI 316 paMDita sukhalAlajI 16 paribhogaSaNA 312 paMDita zrI kalyANavijayajI 324 parivAjikA cokhA 134 - paMDita hemacandrajI 555 pariziSTa parva 57 paMthaka 133 pariSaha 262, 263 pataJjali 614 parihAra tapa 484 padmakumAra 272 parihAravizuddha 336 padmaprabhamaladhArI 584 parokSa 463 padmanandI muni 576, 567,569 parokSajJAna 323 padmanAbha 136 parokSa jJAna naya 323 pAvaravedikA 255 palyopamA 257, 337 pagrasarovara 261 pazyattA 251, 252 padmAvatI 272 . pRthaktvAnuyoga 16, 17 padArtha 67 pRthvI 114, 115

Page #776
748 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa pravacanasAroddhAra 579 pravartaka 484 pravicAraNA 253 pravIcAra 253 praznavyAkaraNavRtti 523 praznavyAkaraNasUtra 35, 58, 126, 170, 185,523,626 prasiddhavaktA zrI saubhAgyamalajI mahArAja pRthvIkAya 114, 238 prakIrNaka 286 pratyakSa 463 pratyakSajJAna 316, 323 pratyAkhyAna 245 pratyAkhyAna kriyA adhyayana 1 - pratyAsthAnapravAdapUrva 165 pratyAkhyAnapUrva 308 pratipAtI 321, 322 pratibhA gaNita 270 pratibhA 152-154 pratimAdhArI 72 pratimAna 335, 336 pratilekhana 267 pratizruti 257 pratyekabuddha 283, 284 prathamAnuyoga 18, 196, 601 pradIpikAvRtti 548 pradezaSTi 240 pradyumnakumAra 277 pradyumnasUri 20 pradyota 486 praNidhi 314 prabhavasvAmI 310, 311, 562 . prabhAvakacaritra 20, 506,515, 518 prabhAsatIrtha 256 pramANazAstra 636 pramANAMgula 336,337 - pramANAhArI 466 pramAda 302 pramAdasthAnIya 302 prayoga 246 pralambasUri 460 pravacanamAtA 102, 300 pravacanasAra 580,581,562 . prasenajita 257 prakSepAhAra 88 prajJApanA4 prajJApanAdhyayana 226 prajJApanAvRtti 527 . prajJApanAsUtra 35, 40, 41, 512, 527, 528, 566, 574 prajJApanI 227 prajJApanI bhASA 227 prajJApAramitA 231 pA~ca aNuvrata 612 pA~ca cAritra 24 pAMca mahAvrata 300 pA~ca zIla 612 pA~ca samiti 300 pATaNa rAjA bhImarAva 516 pATalIputra 35, 563 pANDakavana 261 pAtaJjala yogasUtra 614 pAtimukha 626 pAdapopagamana 73 pAdaliptasUri 526 pAnI 114, 115 pApazramaNa 267 pApazramaNIya adhyayana 267 pAyAsIsutta 626

Page #777
zabdAnukramaNikA 746 pAriNAmikI 316, 324 puphphabhikkhujI 551 . .... pAli 607 purimatAla 189, 203 / / - pAlita vyApArI 26 . purimatAla nagara 258 . . pAzcAtya vicAraka vebara 131 puruSa vidyA 263 pAzcAtya vicAraka zubiga 610. . puruSAdAnIya 125 pArzvanAtha paramparA 215 puruSAdAnIya bhagavAna pArzva 277 . / pArzvastha 71 puliMda 402 pAzvapitya 115 puSkara varadvIpa 221, 222 - pAvapitya kezIkumArazramaNa 208,210 puSkaroda 222 pApitya peDhAlaputra 64 puSpadanta muni 600 pAzvapittIya 126 puSpikA 271 pASaNA 76 puSpacUlikA 271 prANAtipAta 117 pUjya 316 prANAyupUrva 165 pUjyapAda 13 . prAptAvamaudarya 486 pUjya paMDita munizrI ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja prAyogyalabdhi 565 piTaka 4 pUjyazrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja 555 , piNDa 312 pUjyazrI hastImalajI mahArAja 555 piNDakalpI 48, 307, 308 pUrNa tApasa 115 piNDaniyukti 21, 22, 23, 438, 436 pUraNa kazyapa 613 .. 532 . pUrva 8,6 ... piNDaniyuktibhASya 486, 487 ..pUrvagata zruta 120 piNDaniyuktivRtti 532 pUrvazruta 231 piNDavizuddhi 306 preSyatyAga pratimA 153 piNDeSaNA 74, 307, 313 .. preSyaprayoga 150 pihuNDanagara 266 paitAlIsa Agama 30 puggalapaJatti 96 pokkhalI 117 puNDarIka 137 poTilla deva 135 puNDarIka adhyayana 86 poTillA 114 pudgala 126, 236, 240, 244,246, pro. ema, bI. paTavardhana 311 .... 632 pro. paTavardhana 21 pudgala parAvartana 104 pro. vebara 22 pudgala prakSepa 150 pro. bulara 22 :. .. . pudgalAstikAya 126 pro. vinTaranitja 21, 23 .. . punarjanma 277 .... pauruSI 267

Page #778
750 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa pauSadha pratimA 153 brahmacArI 296,303. . . pauSadhopavAsavata 150 brahmacArI hemacandra 56 pauSadhopavAsa samyagananupAlanatA 151 brahmadevaloka 203, 278 :phalgurakSita 16, 344 brahmavAda 588 baMdha 141 brahmavidyopaniSada 610 battIsa Agama 33 brahmazAMti 126 bahattara kalAeM 257 bAibila 633 bahuputrikA 275, 276 bAla 118 bahuzruta 265 bAla dIkSA 504 bahuzrutatA 265 bAlapaMDita 118 bRhaTTippanikA 547 bAlamaraNa 504 bRhatkalpa 24, 25, 252, 453, 483, bAlahassa jAtaka 633 .. 460, 533, 543 bAhubalI 462, 566 : bRhatkalpacUNi 460, 461,506 brAhmaNa 265, 300, 301,622 bRhatkalpaniyukti 167, 438, 453 / / brAhmaNa varga 622 bRhatkalpapIThikAvRtti 533 * brAhmaNa saMskRti 296 bRhatkalpabhASya 8, 453, 454, 482, brAhmaNasUtra 50 483 brAhmI 257 bRhatkSetrasamAsa 460, 576. brAhmI lipi 40, 41, 107, 114, bRhadkathAkoSa 563, 592 127 bRhadgacchIya udyotanAcArya 538 buddha 11, 611, 618, 627 bRhadnayacakra 568 buddhakIrti 518 bRhadbhASya 486 buddhabodhita 264 bRhadalaghubhASya 487 boTika 563 bahadavRtti 514 bodhapAhuDa 580 bRhavRttikAra zAntyAcArya 285 bodhaprAmRta 585 .. bRhadsaMgrahaNI 579 bauddha 41, 42, 82, 236, 568, 606 bRhadAraNyaka 517 626, 627, 632 . brahmagupta 265 bauddha upAsaka 612 : brahmacarya 3, 174, 184,297, 307 bauddha grantha 261 brahmacarya pratimA 153 bauddhadarzana 467 brahmacarya samAdhi 267. bauddhahaSTi 632 brahmacarya samAdhisthAna 267. bauddha paramparA 66, 606, 626, 627, brahmacarya sAdhanA 267 . . brahmacaryAdhyayana 62 bauddha pAli sAhitya 227 boTa pAla

Page #779
zabdAnukramaNikA 751 bauddhabhikSu 61 bhadrottara 165 bauddha sAhitya 266, 267,315, 465 mambhasAra 202 615, 616, 627, 633 bharata 265 bauddha tripiTaka 607, 626 bharata cakravartI 258-261 bhagavatI 318, 630 bharatakSetra 255, 577, 617 bhagavatI ArAdhanA 562 bhavanapati 217, 252 bhagavatIsUtra 17, 35, 103, 113, bhavanavAsI 218, 577 125, 165, 226-230, 518, bhavapratyaya 463, 464 bhavapratyaya avadhi 320 bhagavAna ariSTanemi 277, 278 bhavastha kevalajJAna 323 bhagavAna pArzvanAtha 6, 134, 273, bhavasthiti 247 300, 546, 568 bhavasiddhika 125 bhagavAna mahAvIra 6,53, 66, 73-77, bhavya zarIra dravya Avazyaka 333 83, 112-120, 126, 128, bhRgu purohita 266 -132, 135, 136, 154-156, bhAgavata 82. 265, 310, 317, 462, 561, bhATakarma 147 bhAraNDapakSI 263 bhagavAna RSabhadeva 40, 258, 441, bhAratavarSa 300 462, 530, 606, 636 bhAratIya jyotiSa 265 bhaTTAraka ratnanandI 563 bhAratIya saMskRti 605 bhaTTAraka vidyAnandajI 601 bhAratIya sAhitya 43, 44 bhaTTAraka zrutasAgarajI 584 . bhAva 230, 321, 322 . bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa 600 bhAva Avazyaka 333 bhaktapratyAkhyAna 73 bhAva pratikramaNa 443 bhaktapAnaviccheda 142 bhAvaprabhasUri 22 bhaktiyoga 18 bhAvaloka 450 bhartRhari 517 bhAvavijayajI 548, 546 bhadranandI 192 bhAvasaMgraha 568 bhadrabAhucaritra 563 bhAvazruta 463 bhadrabAhusaMhitA 437, 438 bhAvitAtmA anagAra 118, 116 . bhadrabAhu svAmI 6, 27, 28, 29, 36, bhASA 243, 314, 331 38,51, 54, 55, 86, 331, bhASA Arya 254 435, 436, 454, 580 bhASA pada 243 bhadra sArthavAha 275 bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNIkSamAzramaNa 460 bhadrA sArthavAhI 166 . bhASaSaNA 75

Page #780
752 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa bhikSu 314, 316 maradevI 257 bhIma kuTagrAha 105 .. maladhArI AcArya hemacandra 514 ra bhImAsurokta 325 .. maladhArI rAjazekhara 534 . bhUkampa 617 . malayagiri 438 bhUta dinna 328 mahAkalpazruta 543 . bhUtabali 564, 570, 600 . .. mahAkavi dhanapAla 516 - . merI 338 mahAgRha 221 maMgala 311, 463 : mahAgiri 443 : maMgalAcaraNa 318 .. mahAcandrakumAra 162 magadha 635 ... ..... mahAcArakathA 313 : majjhimanikAya 611, 627-631 mahAjana 635 : maNibhadra caitya 255, 265 - mahAnirganya 266 : maNiratna 256, 260.. . mahAnirgranthIya 298, 269 mati 463 mahAnizItha 25, 310, 317 : matijJAna 252, 324, 325,463 mahAparijJA 450 ... mathurA 136, 164 mahAparijJA adhyayana 70,71,74 madduka zrAvaka 116,125 ......, mahApadma 261 madhyaloka 617 - mahApadma tIrthakara 18 mana 123, 321, 630........... mahAbala 116 .. manaka 306, 310 . .. mahAbhArata 44, 325, 614, 622 mandaprabodhinI 564 . mahAmantra navakAra 126, 255 / manaHparyava 316, 321, 322, 440, mahAyAna 231 an mahArAjA kUNika 125, 202 manaHparyavajJAna 350,464 . mahArAjA ceTaka 125, 271, 2075," manaHparyavajJAnI 464 . mahArAjA bhoja 516. manaHsamiti 178 .. . mahAvagga 621 manuSya 217 . - mahAvrata 307 manuSya bhava 265 mahAvideha 203,215, 272,275-276 manusmRti 624 mahAvidehakSetra 261, 617gans manoduSpraNidhAna 146. mahAvIra 277, 300 maraNa 263 mahAvIracariyaM 46, 226 TERE maraNavibhakti 263 .. . mahAvyutpatti 66 maraNAzaMsAprayoga 156 . . mahAzataka 131,158 marIci 441, 492 mahAzilAkaMTaka 125 marudeva 257 1 mahAsatI candanAjI 556HERE

Page #781
mahAsarvatobhadra 165 mahAhimavaMta 261 mahIdhara 518 mahezvaradatta 190 mRgacaryA 268 mRgavana udyAna 208, 206 mRgAGka 266 mRgAvatI 187, 484 mRgAputra 157, 21, 268 mUgAputrIya adhyayana 28 mRSApratyayadaNDa 88 mAruMdI 134 mAkaMdIputra 118 mAgadha tIrtha 256 mAgadha deva 256 mArga adhyayana 84 mArgaNAsthAna 572 mANDukyopaniSad 60 mAnavagaNa 67 mAtaMga 634 mAtaMgajAtaka 266 mAtsarya 151 mAtula goSThAmAhila 441, 462 mAdhurIvAcanA 37, 38, 563 mAna 315, 335 mAnapratyayadaNDa 88 mAnuSottara parvata 222 mAyala dhavala 566 mAyA 315 mAyApratyayadaNDa 88 zabdAnukramaNikA 753 mithilAnagarI 255, 265 mithyopadeza 143 mitradoSa pratyayadaNDa 88 mukta AtmA 608 mukta jIva 631 muktAvalI 165 muni upAdhyAya zrI pyAracaMdajI mahArAja 551 muni gardabhAlI 268 muni candrasUri 206216, 536 muni pupakabhikkhujI 551 muni santabAlajI 554, 610 munisuvratacaritra 534 munizrI kanhaiyAlAlajI 555 munizrI kalyANavijayajI 327, 543, 544 munizrI puNyavijayajI 26, 327, 543, 44 muni harikezI 265 muni kSamAkalyANa 510 mUrcchanAe~ 343 mUla 16, 23 mUlaguNa 21 mUlasUtra 20-22, 33, 506 mUlasUtra uttarAdhyayana 547 mUlAcAra 560, 567 megha 616 meghakumAra 132, 522 meruparvata 261, 265, 578 mAyAzalya 630 maithuna 175, 314 mithyAtva 250, 441, 565 mogarapANi yakSa 164 mohanIya 303 mithyAdarzanazalya 630 mithyAdRSTi 248, 324, 325, 564, mohanIyasthAna 452 565, 627 mokSa 117, 301, 661. 'kamala'

Page #782
754 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa mokSAbhUta 586 mokSamArgagati 301 yantrapIr3anakarma 147 yati 306 yathAtathya adhyayana 85 yaduvaMzIya 278 yamakIya 86 yamakIya adhyayana 86 yazasvI 257 yazobhadra 310 yakSa 126 yajJa 300 yajJapUjA 300 yajJIya 300 yAkinI mahattarA 510 yApanIya saMgha 564, 562 maharSi 437 yoga 246, 247, 326, 611 yoganandI 326, 327 yogamArga 265 yogavidyA 307 yogasUtra 82 yogIndradeva 600 yonipada 242 raNDadevatA sampradAya 83 ratnapramA pRthvI 616 ratnadvIpa 134 ratnatraya 586 ratnasAgara 551 ratnAvalI 165 ratnAdevI 134 rativAkyA 316 rathavIrapuranagara 563 rathanemI 266, 312 rathamUsala saMgrAma 125 ramyaka 261 rayaNasAra grantha 586 rasa vANijya 147 rahasyAbhyAkhyAna 143 rAga 250, 303,611 rAjagRha 273, 275, 310 rAjagRhI 60, 64, 135 rAjapraznIya 35, 41, 126, 206, 318, 626 rAjapraznIyavRtti 531 rAjayoga 18 rAjavArtika 77 76, 162, 170 rAjarSi saMjaya 268 rAjA 567 rAjA gardabhilla 503 rAjA ceTaka 272 rAjA nami 261 rAjA pradezI 206-215 rAjA prasenajita 206 rAjA mahApadma 137 rAjA vikramAditya 563, 568 rAjA sAtavAhana 486 rAjA zreNika 86. 132, 165, 167, 168, 272, 26e rAjImatI 266, 312 rAnI dhAriNI 206 rAmAnandI saiddhAntika 566 rAmAyaNa 44, 325 rASTradharma 258 rAhU 268, 270 rukmiNI 277 rUpAnupAta 150 rUpI 304 revatI 277 roma AhAra pa

Page #783
zabdAnukramaNikA 755 roha anagAra 125 lobha 180, 315 rohaka 115 lomAhAra 254 rohagupta 67 laukika 333 rohiNeya 466 lokottarIya 333 rohItaka nagara 278 lauhitya 328 Rgveda 607 vakragrIvAcArya 576 Rjumati manaHparyavajJAna 322 vargaNA 568 Rtu 268 vacanaduSpraNidhAna 146 RSabhakUTa parvata 256, 260 vajrazAkhIya 486 RSabhadatta 116 vajasvAmI 492 RSabhadeva 257 baTTakera 454 RSamasena gaNadhara 258 vaTTakerAcArya 560 RSigupta 460 vadha 141, 142 RSimASita 454 vardhamAna 320 laghunandI 326 vanakarma 147 laghubhASya 517 banaspati 248 laghusarvatobhadra tapa 165 vanaspatikAya 115, 216 / laghusiMhani krIDita tapa 165 baradasa 278 labdhisAra 563 varadattakumAra 162 lavaNa samudra 222, 256, 262, 267- varadAma tIrtha 256 266 varAhamihira 270 lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI 486 vallabhI 563 lAkSAvANijya 147 vallabhI vAcanA 37, 38 lezyA 34,66, 116, 120, 123, ballabhI sthavirAvalI 328 246, 247 basudevahiDi 461, 462, 513 loka 18, 118, 244, 304 vasunandI zrAvakAcAra 566 lokapAla 116 vastrapuSyamitra 344 lokabindusArapUrva 166 vastraSaNA 75 lokavijaya 307, 308, 450 vrata 140 lokavijaya adhyayana 66 vratapratimA 152 lokasaMjJA 512 vRSabha 257 lokasAra 450 vRSNidazA 271-278 lokasAra adhyayana 67 vRhatkalpa 286 lokAkAza 240 vRhatkalpabhASya 331 lokAloka 243 vRhadvatti 281, 286

Page #784
756 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa bRhaspatidatta 160 vikramAditya 598 vya janAvagraha 246, 316, 325 vikrAntakaurava grantha 562 vyatikrama 140 vikurvaNA 253 vyantaraloka 578 vigrahagati 204, 574 vyavahAra 24, 25 vijayaghoSa 300 vyavahAradRSTi 584 vijaya cora 132, 186, 522 vyavahAranaya 100, 320, 341,582 / vijayadvAra 219 vyavahArabhASya 307,482, 483,487, bijayadeva' 216, 220 467 vijayamitra 158 vyavahArarAzi 248 vijaya rAjA 161 vyavahAravRtti 530 vijayAcArya sUri 563 . vyavahArasUtra 530,533 vijayA rAjadhAnI 219 vAk samiti 178 vijayodayA nAmaka TIkA 466 vAkyazuddhi 314 vidyAcAraNa 120 vAcaka azvasena 517 vidyAdevI 126 vAcaka vaMza 231 vidyAdhara 256 vAcaka siddhasena 517 vidyAnupravAdapUrva 165 vAcanAcArya 456 vidyaccara 563 vANavyantara 217,237, 252, 253 vidhimArgaprapA 16 vANijyakulIna 486 viNTaranitja 261 vANijyagrAma 140, 154,158 bindya 344 vAtsyAyana 517 vindhya 16 vArtika 331 vinami vidyAdhara 260 vAdivetAla zAntisUri 538 vinaya 261,262, 315 vAyu 114 vinayajA 324 vArANasI 273, 274, 275, 300 vinayapiTaka 347, 626 vArAnagara 567 vinayavAdI 76, 85, 122 vAsudeva 258 vinayasamAdhi 315, 316 vAsudeva zrIkRSNa 132, 163 vinItA nagarI 258, 261 vAhariMgaNI 516 vipAka 35 vyAkaraNa 11, 12 vipAkavRtti 523 vyAkhyAprajJapti 112-126 vipAkasUtra 186-162, 523 vyAkhyAprajJaptivRtti 521 . vipulamati 322 vyAsabhASya 2 . vibhAva pariNati 303 vikathA 611 vibhASA 331

Page #785
zabdAnukramaNikA 757 vimalavAhana 257 vedalla 12 vimukti cUlikA 77 vedavAdI 2 vimoha adhyayana 71, 308 vedAntadarzana 65 viruddharAjyAtikrama 144 vebara 265 viveka 312 vehallakumAra 271 vivittacaryA 316 vaikAlika 306 vizAkhAcArya 580 vaitADya parvata 255-256 vizeSa 236 vaitAlika adhyayana 81 vizeSapada 236 vaidika 42, 82 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 23, 244, 252, vaidika grantha 43 328, 331, 460,457, 506, vaidika dharma 605 514, 532, 535 vaidika paramparA 66 vizeSAvazyakabhASyabRhadvRtti 537 vaidika mAnyatA 266 vizeSAvazyakabhASyavRtti 40, 514, vaidika vAGamaya 41 vaidika saMskRti 606 . vizeSAvazyakavRtti 536 vaidika sAhitya 621 viSa vANijya 147 vainAyikI 316 vissavAtitagaNa 67 vaipulya 12 vijJAna 304 vaimAnika 217, 223, 252,253 vijJAnAdvaitavAda 588 vaiyAkaraNa 12 vIrya adhyayana 83 vairoTyA 126 vIryapravAdapUrva 164 vaizAlI 271 vIraMgata 278 vaizramaNa deva 262 vIranandI 563 zaMkucchAyA 270 vIrastuti 83 zaMkha 117, 238 vIrasena 277 zaMba 277 vIrasena AcArya 277 zakaTa 186 vIrAsana 357 zaMkaTaka 147 vyutkrAnti 241 zakaTabyUha 272 veda 4, 11, 607 zakamukha udyAna 258 vedaka samvadRSTi 565 . zakendra 116, 223, 261 vedanA 210 zakunaruta 325 bedanAkhaNDa 568 zabdAnupAta 150 vedanApada 254 zayyaMbhavAcArya 307, 310, 511 vedanIya 303 zayyaiSaNA 75

Page #786
758 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa zaradacandra bhozAla 596 zalya 630 zastraparijJA 24,47, 53, 65, 307, 630 zAntyAcArya 286 zAntiparva 621, 634 zAntisUri 487 zyAmAcArya 226, 227, 231 zArapenTiyara 261 zlAghanIya puruSa 255 zAlibhadrasUri 216 zivakoTi 562 zivajika aruNa 563 zivajI yati 552 zivanidhAna maNI 546 zivabhUti 563 zivarAjarSi 116, 125 zivazarman 517 zivAnandA 152 zilpa Arya 254 zizirakumAra mitra 44 zubhacandra 601 zvetAmbara 561-565, 570 zvetAmbara Agama 587 zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya 637 zvetAmbara anya 564, 560 zvetAmbara dRSTi 562, 637 zvetAmbara paramparA 564, 560 zvetAmbara mata 568 zvetAmbara mAnyatA 38 zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka 30, 44 zvetAmbara saMgha 568 zvetAmbara sAhitya 131 zvetAmbarAcArya bhaTTAraka hemacandra 535 zailaka yakSa 134 zailaka rAjarSi 116, 125 zaileSI 118, 119 zauryadatta 160,161 zaurasenI 126 SaTkhaNDAgama 112, 248, 565, 566, 569-574, 600, 637 SaTjIvanikAya 307, 312 SaT dravya 320 SaTprAbhUta grantha 564 saMgIta 343 saMgrahanaya 100 saMgha 318 saMghadAsagaNI 331,482 saMghavijayagaNI 550 saMghavijayajI 548 saMjaya muni 268 saMjvalana 245 saMthArA 73 saMdehaviSoSadhikalpapaMjikA 547 saMmUcchima 217 saMyata 252, 316 ziSya 85 ziSyahitAvRtti 516, 537 zikSA 11 zikSAvata 140, 146 zItoSNanIya adhyayana 66 zItoSNIya 450 zIlapAhuDa 586 zIlAdisya 460 zukra 273, 275 zukadeva parivrAjaka 133 zuklagati 614 zukladharma 614 zuklapakSa 135 zuklalezyA 246

Page #787
zabdAnukramaNikA 756 saMyata manuSya 321 saMyatAtmA 315 saMyatAsaMyata 252 saMyama 262, 302 saMyamacaraNacAritra 585, 628 saMyuktAdhikaraNa 146 saMlekhanA 156,166,276 saMvatsara 262 saMbara 185, 612 saMvaradvAra 174 saMsaktaniyukti 436 saMsthAna 121, 556 saMsArI jIva 236, 304 saMhanana 121 saMjJA 115, 121, 242, 252, 512 saMjJAkSara 40 saMjJI 252, 254 saMjIzruta 325 sakaDAlaputra 136, 157 sacittatyAga pratimA 153 sacitta nikSepa 151 sacitta pratibaddhAhAra 146 sacitta pidhAna 151 sacittAhAra 146 sacelaka-acela 300 sacelaka 72 satya 3, 174, 176 satyapravAdapUrva 164, 308 satyabhASA 244 sattazatAranayacakra.516 sanatkumAra 614 saMnyAsopaniSad 610 saptabhaMgI 100 saptavyasana 566 sapta svara 461 samacaturasra saMsthAna 223 samanuza 71 samaya adhyayana 81 samayasAra 561 samayasundaragaNI 550 samyaktva 248 samyaktva adhyayana 67 samyakadarzana 585 samyakadRSTi 247, 248, 324, 325. 588, 628 samyak parAkrama 261, 302 samyakzruta 325 samyakjhAna candrikA 568 samavasaraNa 140, 201, 203, 273 samavasaraNa adhyayana 85 samavAya 520 samavAyAMga 8, 13, 34, 35, 54,56, 57, 60, 65, 80,97, 101, 111-113, 131, 136, 161, 162, 167,170, 171, 172, 174, 194, 196, 200, 286, 293, 266, 302, 308, 318, 437, 527, 610, 612, 616, samavAyAMgavRtti 46, 171, 520 samAcArI zataka 20 samAdhi 316 samAdhimaraNa 262, 304 samrATa khAravela 36 samrATa bharata 462 samiti 275 samitIya 300 samudghAta 117, 121, 204, 234, 254 samudra 486

Page #788
760 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa samudra-pAlita 266 sAgAradharmAmRta 596 samudra-pAlIya 666 sANiya 75 samudravijaya 163, 277 . sAta bhaya 96 samuddeza 332 sAtavAhana 486 saradahatalAmazoSaNatA 148 sAdhaka 85,86,132,135,137,262, sarisava 116 263,267,303 sarvavirata sAdhu 266 sAdhaka jIvana 301 sarvajJatA 323 sAdhanA 302 sarvArthasiddha 138 / sAdhu jIvana 268 sarvArthasiddha vimAna 138, 166, 204 sAmAcArI 301 sarvAstivAda 633 sAmAnya loka 576 sahasAbhyAkhyAna 142 sAmAyika 326,331,340,341,342, skandaka parivrAjaka 115, 125 / / 463 skandilAcArya 37,68 .. sAmAyika pratimA 153 skandilI vAcanA 37 sAmAyika vrata 146 skandha 118, 235, 240, 244 sAlitiyApitA 136,156 sthavira 7, 28,51,54, 285, 260, sAhityika 225 626, 635 styAnadi nidrA 500 sthavirakalpika 502 sthAnakavAsI paramparA 30,44 sparza 244. sthAnAGga 23, 35, 41, 56, 66, smRtyakaraNa 146 136, 162, 166, 167, 172, smRti 44 . 186, 187, 163, 306, 318, svarga 211 543, 610-616, 626, 630 - svadAramaMtrabheda 143 sthAnAMgavRtti 163, 167, 171, 617 svadArasaMtoSavrata 144 sthApanA Avazyaka 332 svapnadarzana 350 sthAvara 211, 216, 238, 248,304 svayambuddha 264 snAtaka 61 svayambhUramaNa dvIpa 222 syAdvAda 273 svayambhUramaNa samudra 266 svAmI kArtikeya 563 sAMkhya 245 siMdhudevI 256 sAMskRtika 225 siMhasUri 567 sAkArapazyattA 251 siddha 205, 233, 235, 236, 240, sAkAropayoga 251 sAgaradatta 160 siddha kevalajJAna 323 sAgaropama 257,337 siddha gati 241

Page #789
siddhaprAbhUta 530 siddhazilA 107 siddharSigaNI 534 siddhasena 483 siddhasenagaNI 206, 536 siddhasena divAkara 510 siddhasenasUri 466 siddhAtmA 205 siddhArtha AcArya 285 siddhAnta 4 siddhAntaziromaNi grantha 265 siddhAntasAra 600 sthitaprajJa 626 sthitipada 235, 248 sImaMkara 257 sImaMdhara 257 strIparijJA adhyayana 52 sutapAhuDa 586 sudatta 162 sudarzana seTha 164 sudarzana zreSThI 116, 192 sudarzanA vezyA 186 zabdAnukramaNikA sudharmA 317, 560 sudharmA sabhA 207 sudharmA svAmI 112, 231, 310 sundarI 257 supAtradAna 152 subAlopaniSad 608 subAhukumAra 161, 192 subhadra 159 subhadrA 275, 276, 484 sumati 257 suraloka 578 surAdeva 136 suvratA AryA 275, 276 suvAsava kumAra 292 suSeNa mantrI 160 suSeNa senApati 25, 260 suSamA 256, 257 suSamA-duSamA 256-258 suSamA- suSamA 256, 257 susumA 137 sphuTa siddhAnta 265 sUcAkRta 78 sukumAla 486 sukozala 563 sukhavipAka 187,162 sugata 614, 615 sujAta 192 sutta 11 suttanipAta 76, 82, 291, 610, 622 sUryAbhadeva 206, 207, 215 623 sUtra 4, 12 sUtrakRta 78, 76 sUtrakRtAMga 35 78,76, 80, 65, 308, 306, 532, 543, 607, 610-615, 617-616, 626, 626, 630 sUtakRta 78 sUrya 221, 267, 273 sUryakAntakumAra 206 sUryakAntA rAnI 208 sUrya prajJapti 264-270 sUrya prajJaptivRtti 528 761 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi 17,264. sUtrakRtAM niyukti 496 sUtrakRtAMgavRtti 196, 515 sUtrasparzika niyukti 493 sUtrAgama 54

Page #790
762 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa 463 sthUla adattAdAnaviramaNa 143 zrAvakadharma 156, 206 sthUla parigrahaparimANa 145 zrAvakavata 214 sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa 141 zrAvakAcAra 566 sthUlabhadra 443 zrAvastI 117, 208 sthUla mRSAvAdaviramaNa 142 zrIkRSNa 136, 277, 278 senApati niArkasa 41 / / zrI candasUri 536, 538 seyaviyA nagarI 207, 206 zrIdAma 160 sesadaviyA udakazAlA 14 zrImadbhagavadgItA 621, 624 stenAhata 143 zrImadbhAgavata 621, 624 steya 174 thImad rAjacandra 18 sopakrama 120,241, 242 zrI sAgarAnandasUri 547 somadatta 190 zruta 4, 42, 114, 120, 128, somA 276 330, 334, 342, 440, somila brAhmaNa 116, 125, 273 saudharma 236 zrutakevalI 5, 13, 566 saudharma devaloka 115, 272 zrutakevalI AcArya zayyambhava 281 saudharma sabhA 276 zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu 163, 286, 288, saurASTra 568 437,452, 545, 546 zraddhA 301 zrutanizrita 324, 325 zramaNa 10,22, 47, 72, 76, 82, zrutapuruSa 25-27 136-141, 143, 160, 166, zrutamuni 600 178, 184, 210, 266, 311, zruta samAdhi 316 zrutasAgara 579,585 zramaNa jIvana 305 zrutasAgarasUri 580 zramaNadharma 257, 272,276,446 zrutasthavira 66 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra 634 zrutajJAna 321-326, 332,440,463, zramaNabhUta pratimA 153 zramaNa muni 264 zrutajJAnAvaraNa 324 zramaNa saMskRti 606 zreNika rAjA 271 zramaNAcAra 277 zreNika samrAT 521 zramaNopAsaka 155, 452, 615, 627 hatthipAra jAtaka 261 zramaNopAsikA 275 hasthipAla jAtaka 266, 634 zravaNabelagolA 579 harikezabala 634 zrAvaka 66,136, 141, 147, 248, harikezamuni 261, 265 627 harivaMzapurANa 287, 601

Page #791
zabdAnukramaNikA 763 harivarSa parvata 261 kSemaMdhara 257 hallakumAra 271 kSetra 321, 322 harSavardhana 550 asa 217,304 hastinApura 116, 188 trasakAya 450 hastizIrSanagara 136, 161 tridaNDI mata 441 hastItApasa 63 tripadI 7, 46 hAritagotra 231 tripiTaka 606 hAribhadrIyAvazyakavRtti TippaNaka 556 / / tripiTaka sAhitya 607 hAribhadrIyA vRtti 487 trilokaprajJapti 596 hArilavAcaka 517 trilokasAra 563, 566,567 hiMsA 174, 177, 312 triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra 40,46, hiMsAdaNDa 7 226 hiraNyavata 261 jJa zarIra dravyAvazyaka 333 himavanta parvata 260 jJAtakula 286 hegela 3 jJAtaputra mahAvIra 131, 260 hemavarga yUnivarsiTI 264 jJAtaputra vaizAlika 284 kSapaNAsAra 563, 596 jJAtA 321 kSamAbhAva 176 jJAtAdharmakathA 58, 56, 130-138, kSayopazama 252, 440, 464 521, 632, 633 kSayopazamalabdhi 594 jJAtAdharmakathAvRtti 521, 522 kSatriya rAjarSi 268 jJAna 301, 303, 320, 321, 324, kSAdhika 252 kSAyopazamika 252 jJAnapravAdapUrva 164, 228 kSItoda 222 jJAnabhUSaNa 601 . kSIroda 222 jJAnayoga 18 kSudrakabandha 563 jJAnI 582 kSullaka nirgranthIya adhyayana 263, 266 jJAyikA 318 kSemaGkara 257

Page #792
zuddhi patra 107 125 138 azuddha baigacUlikA saMlekhanAzrata triSaSThi pracIna devadhigaNI AcaraMga Avazyaka cUrNi upAdhi bhagavAta mahayuddha Asasta jaina sahitya zravaka babhava (karatA huuN| banAkAra pAsa vyaktiyoM 168 226 244 444 464 468 baMgacUlikA saMlekhanAzruta triSaSTi prAcIna devaddhigaNI AcArAMga AcArAMga caNi upadhi bhagavAna mahAyuddha Asakta jaina sAhitya zrAvaka vaibhava (karatA huuN| vajAkAra pATha vyaktiyoM hotA prajJApanA siddharSigaNI vRSNidazA aMgrejI muni kanhaiyAlAlajI kamala ne vicchinna dhAtakIkhaNDa kSetra hogA 526 prajJapanA sarSigaNI bRSNidazA aMgrajI 536 xxx 556 oo 576 vichinna ghAtakIkhaNDa kSatra

Page #793
zuddhi patra 765 585 585 nikAMkSita proSadha saMkRti bRta niHkAMkSita poSadha saMskRti baTTa vaTTa taMse 606 606 606 615 caurase 618 taM se cauraM se karna iryAvizuddhi catubhaMgI ujjJamANIe ujjhai se yaM cheya Ivizuddhi catubhaMgI DajjhamANIe seyaM 624 625 seya

Page #794
mata-sammata 0 (zrI devendra muni jI ke sAhitya para vidvAnoM ke kucha abhiprAya) bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa varSa para mahAvIra ke vyaktitva ko ujAgara karane vAle choTe bar3e kaI grantha prakAzita hue haiM kintu prAcIna mUla srotoM ke AdhAra para evaM Adhunika dRSTi se samanvaya dvArA isa viSaya para jo grantha prakAza meM Aye haiM, ve eka do hI haiN| unameM zrI devendra muni zAstrI kA prastuta grantha kaI dRSTiyoM se apratima hai / sAmAnya pAThaka evaM zodhArthiyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se upAdeya hai / unakA agAdha pANDitya sarvatra dRSTigocara hotA hai| lekhaka ne mahAvIra prastuta kiyA hai| isa mahAvIra ke cintana ke jIvana kI vibhinna ghaTanAoM ko anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa se pustaka kA asAmpradAyika honA isakI sabase bar3I upalabdhi hai| ko prastuta karate samaya muni jI ne vizuddha dArzanika ke tArkika cintana kA paricaya diyA hai / vartamAna samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM bhI mahAvIra ke cintana kI sArthakatA para lekhaka ne apane vicAra isa pustaka meM samAhita kiye haiN| aneka pariziSToM se yukta yaha kRti vAstava meM mahAvIra ke jIvana aura siddhAnta ke viSaya meM eka sandarbha-grantha kI pUrti karatI hai| gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM meM isakA anuvAda prakAzita honA pustaka kI sArvabhaumikatA kA pramANa hai / - saMdarzana san 1976 darzanapITha, ilAhAbAda DaoN0 kamalacanda sogAnI udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura (rAja0 ) [] jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa zrI devendra muni jI vartamAna yuga ke samartha evaM anveSaka manasvI vidvAna hai / jisa viSaya ko apane pratipAdana kA kendra banAte haiM usakI atala gaharAI meM praveza karate haiM aura chAnabIna ke sUkSma tantuoM ko bhI sparza karate haiN| jainadarzana para yoM to idhara do-eka dazakoM meM acchA prakAzana kArya huA hai / lekina prastuta kRti kI apanI eka alaga iyattA hai| sarala, bodhagamya bhASA meM apanI

Page #795
mata-sammata 767 bAta kahane meM munijI nipuNa haiN| pramANa aura paribhASAoM ko na chor3ate hue bhI muni jI ne eka taTastha vaijJAnika kI bhAMti jainadarzana kI vaizvika mahattA ko ujAgara kiyA hai| sAmpradAyika athavA pAMthika abhiniveza athavA uttejanA se bacakara sahajabhAva se, sAmAnya jijJAsuoM ke lie isa grantha kA praNayana sacamuca apAra dhIraja kA pariNAma kahA jaayegaa| ...""muni jI mAnava-hRdaya ke sarasa saMspazita vyakti hai, unakA mAnasa kAvya kI kamanIyatA se samalaMkRta hai aura sAdhanA unakI AdhyAtmika hai| kAvya-sAdhanA evaM abhivyakti kI saralatA ne unameM eka yaugika saMgama nirmita kara diyA hai| aise samartha vyaktitva se abhI bhAratIya darzana evaM saMskRti ko bahuta AzAe~ haiN| -zramaNa, pharavarI 1976 0 "jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa" grantha ko par3hakara mujhe hArdika AllAda huaa| jainadarzana para aneka grantha nikale haiM kintu isa grantha kI anUThI vizeSatA hai| bhASA ke lAlitya ke sAtha viSaya kI jisa gaharAI se vivecanA kI hai usameM munijI kA gambhIra pANDitya jhalaka rahA hai| aise adbhuta grantharatna kA pratyeka bhASA meM anuvAda honA cAhie aura merA namra nivedana hai ki aise grantha para muni zrI ko DI0 liT. kI upAdhi se alaMkRta karanA caahie| grantha zodhapUrNa, jIvanopayogI, jIvana ko nayA mor3a dene vAlA, jAdU sA asara paidA karane vAlA hai| -mahAsatI ujjvalakumArI, ahamadanagara " jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa dekha nAca uThA hai sArA jana-mana sarasvatI bhI nahIM kara sakatI varNana guru puSkara ke muni devendra se vasudhA bhI ho gaI dhana-dhana kalama kalAdhara, tumheM hamArA zata-zata ho vandana pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi mile yahI cAhatA jana-mana ujjvala kIti daza dizA meM phaile yahI bhAvanA kSaNa-kSaNa anekoM ke pathadarzaka bane ApakA Adarza jIvana dina-dUnI rAta-caugunI pragati karo arhan ! pApa-tApa-saMtApa miTe jo kare Apake darzana aise bhAI devendra muni kA bAra-bAra abhinandana !! -jainasAdhvI dharmazAlA ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0, sAhityaratna

Page #796
* 768 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA : pariziSTa D. jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa' grantha ko par3hakara mujhe aisA anubhava huA ki jainadarzana ke sarvAMgINa adhyayana ke lie jaise pratinidhi grantha kI AvazyakatA thI, sacamuca usakI pUrti ho gaI hai| jainadarzana se sambandhita sabhI tAtvika viSayoM para jitanI spaSTatA evaM saralatA ke sAtha likhA gayA hai vaha atIva prazaMsanIya hai| -saubhAgya muni 'kumuda prabuddha cintaka, prakhara manISI, maulika pratibhA ke aagaar| zrI devendra muni jI ke zrama kA, karatA haiM maiM satkAra / / ahA | jaina darzana kA lekhaka ne, vizleSaNa aura svarUpa / pA~ca khaNDa meM prastuta karake, kara dikhalAyA kArya anUpa / jo kucha likhA gayA vaha, pallavagrAhI nahIM, apitu gaMbhIra / tarka-purassara, vizada vivecana, paMkti-paMkti meM amRta kSIra // jaba bhI dekhA maiMne unako, prAyaH likhate rahate haiN| . cintana kI pAvana dhArA meM, prAyaH bahate rahate haiN| sthAnakavAsI zramaNa vRnda meM, sarvazreSTha lekhaka devendra / ukta tathya meM satya sarvathA, spaSTa kaha rahA muni 'mhendr'|| -muni mahendra kumAra 'kamala' D kalpasUtra prastuta samIkSya prantha meM sampAdaka mahodaya ne kaI zodhAtmaka sAmagriyoM kA udghATana kiyA hai, jo apane Apa meM nizcaya hI stutya haiN| prastAvanA ke antargata aitihAsika adhyayana kI sUkSmatA dRSTigocara hotI hai aura sAtha hI vipula jJAna-bhaNDAra kA dastAveja bhI prApta hotA hai, jo gaMbhIratA ke dyotaka hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sampUrNa jIvana sAmagriyoM ke sAtha hI sAtha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha, bhagavAna ariSTanemi, bhagavAna RSabhadeva Adi ke sambandha meM bhI punarvicAra kiyA gayA hai| sthavirAvalI evaM samAcArI ke sambandha meM bhI samyak prakAza DAlA hai| saMkSipta pAribhASika zabdakoSa kA saMgraha upAdeya hai| saMkSepa meM yaha grantha zodhitsukoM evaM sAdhAraNa pAThakoM ke lie bhI upayogI evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| pustaka kI chapAI sApha evaM maDhAI bahuta hI sundara hai|. . -zramaNa, disambara 1966