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________________ jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa caturtha bhAga sAmAnya zrutadhara khaNDa (2) AcArya zrI hastImala jI
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________________ itihAsa samiti prakAzana graMtha kramAMka-7 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (caturtha bhAga) sAmAnya zrutadhara khaNDa (2) preraNA evaM nirdezana AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja Alekhana, sampAdana zrI gajasiMha rAThaur3a jaina nyAyatIrtha, vyAkaraNa tIrtha, zrI premarAja bogAvata vyAkaraNa tIrtha, nyAya-siddhAnta vizArada parAmarza zrI devendramuni zAstrI DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata prakAzaka jaina itihAsa samiti .. jayapura (rAjasthAna)
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________________ prakAzaka jaina itihAsa samiti AcAryazrI vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra lAla bhavana, caur3A rAstA jayapura-302003 sarvAdhikAra surakSita prathama saMskaraNa : 1987 dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1995 mUlya ru.500/- mAtra jaina itihAsa samiti, jayapura ke lie dI DAyamaNDa priMTiMga presa dvArA punaH mudrita
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________________ jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa (caturtha bhAga ) sAmAnya zrutadhara khaNDa (2) IMITUT jaina nANarUsa se parasparopagraho jIvAnAm (): SEO satvarasa Wan itihAra 1 pamA saNAra samiti, jayapura
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________________ ttiittiiddiitttttttttttttttttttttttt samarpaNa puNye zatAbdi-su-mahe tava paMcarvize, zrI varddhamAna ! jinanAtha ! smrpyaami| jainetihAsakusumastabakaM dvitIyam, te hastimallamunipo'hamatIva bhktyaa||
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________________
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________________ viSayAnukramaNikA prakAzakIya (xi) sampAdakIya (xii) (1-80) 1. pUrvapIThikA bhUle-bisare aitihAsika tathya dhArmika krAntiyA~ aura bhArata para muslima rAjya islAma kA abhyudaya 2. sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla kA agretana itihAsa (81-838) zra. bha. mahAvIra ke 48veM paTTadhara A. umaNa RSi 483 paTTadhara ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti zra.bha. mahAvIra ke 493 paTTadhara A. zrI jayasena saiMtIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya phalgumitra yuga pradhAna A. phalgumitra ke AcAryakAla kI rAjanaitika sthiti 49veM paTTadhara A. jayasena ke AcAryakAla kI rAjanaitika sthiti bhArata para gajanavI sultAna kA AkramaNa zra. bha. mahAvIra ke 50veM paTTadhara A. zrI vijayaRSi ar3atIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI dharmaghoSa vIra ni. kI 15vIM-16vIM zatI ke jinazAsana prabhAvaka gaMgavaMzIya mahArAjA evaM senApati caityavAsI paramparA ke unmUlana kA abhiyAna dharmakrAnti kA zaMkhanAda 96
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________________ 0 122 129 130 136 146 147 185 195 211 217 udyotanasUri zrI cauryAsI gaccho nI sthApanA varddhamAnasUri : caityavAsI paramparA ke hAsa kA prArambha prathama kriyoddhAra' jinezvarasUri jinacandrasUri abhayadevasUri (navAMgI vRttikAra) droNAcArya (caityavAsI paramparA) bha. mahAvIra ke 50veM paTTadhara A. zrI vijaya RSi ke AcAryakAla kI rAjanaitika sthiti jaina dharma saMgha para dakSiNApatha meM punaH saMkaTa ke ghAtaka ghane bAdala alpasaMkhyakoM ko bukkarAya dvArA diyA gayA saMrakSaNa zra. bha. mahAvIra ke 51veM paTTadhara A. zrI devaRSi (dvitIya) jinavallabhasUri (navAMgI vRttikAra ___ abhayadevasUri ke ziSya) A.zrI jinadattasUri (dAdA sAhaba) gacchavyAmohajanya vidveSa kA tANDava zrI vAdidevasUri mahAn vRttikAra A. malayagiri A. malayagiri kI anupalabdha kRtiyAM A. abhayadeva maladhArI maladhArI A. hemacandrasUri paurNamIyaka gaccha A. zrI hemacandrasUri 236 237 277 287 311 312 315 318 322 332 (vi)
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________________ 372 375 A. zrI hemacandrasUrI dvArA racita grantha unatAlisaveM yugapradhAnAcArya vinayamitra zra. bha. mahAvIra ke 52veM paTTadhara A. zrI sUrasena zra. bha. mahAvIra ke 51veM aura 52veM paTTadharoM ke AcAryakAla kI rAjanaitika sthiti gurjarAdhIza zrI siddharAja jayasiMha 377 378 (394-442) 394 434 paramArhat mahArAja kumArapAla bhraSTa muni ko zramaNazreSTha banAne kA Adarza udAharaNa dIrghadarzI kumArapAla pApabhIru evaM saccA AtmanirIkSaka kumArapAla dRr3hapratijJa kumArapAla 437 438 439 - ajayadeva (443-454) ajayadeva dvArA jainAcArya zrI rAmacandra kI hatyA .... 443 445 (455-504) 455 474 476 485 488 kharataragaccha zrI jinamahendrasUri varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA : kharataragaccha kA sAmUhika virodha kharataragaccha kI zAkhA kharataragaccha kI prazAkhAeM kharataragaccha kI paTTAvalI upakezagaccha aMcalagaccha ke udbhava kI pRSThabhUmi Arya rakSita pratiSThAcArya kI yogyatA 500 505 512 522 545 aMcalagaccha kA aparanAma acalagaccha 552 (vii)
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________________ 555 570 571 572 573 574 576 589 590 591 592 599 Agamikagaccha zra.bha. mahAvIra ke 533 paTTadhara A. zrI mahAsUrasena zra.bha. mahAvIra ke 54veM paTTadhara A. zrI mahAsena cAlIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI zIlamitra tapAgaccha zAkhAbheda niyamo zra.bha.mahAvIra ke 55veM paTTadhara A. zrI jIvarAjajI zra.bha. mahAvIra ke 56veM paTTadhara A. zrI gajasena ikatAlIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya revatImitra bha. mahAvIra ke 563 paTTadhara ke AcArya kAla kA __ mahAn jinazAsana-prabhAvaka zrAvaka jagaDUzAha bar3agaccha zra.bha.mahAvIra ke 57veM paTTadhara A. zrI mantrasena zra.bha.mahAvIra ke 58 veM paTTadhara A. zrI vijayasiMha bayAlIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI sumiNamitra zra.bha.mahAvIra ke 59veM paTTadhara A. zrI zivarAjajI tiyAlIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI harimitra bha. mahAvIra ke 58veM paTTadhara zrI vijayasiMha ke AcArya-kAla ke anya gacchIya AcArya zrI jinaprabhasUri somasundarasUri cavAlIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI vizAkhagaNi zra.bha.mahAvIra ke 60veM paTTadhara ___ A. zrI lAlajI svAmI zra.bha.mahAvIra ke 61veM paTTadhara A. zrI jJAnaRSi jI 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 618 619 (viii)
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________________ zra.bha. mahAvIra ke 62veM paTTadhara A. zrI nAnagajI svAmI zra.bha. mahAvIra ke 63veM paTTadhara A. zrI rUpajI svAmI lokAzAha se pUrva jaina saMgha kI sthiti 621 622 635 642 647 lokAzAha (635-834) dharmoddhAraka saddharmamArtaNDa zrI lokAzAha kA AryadharA para AvirbhAva luMkAmata pratibodha kulaka lokAzAha naye mata ke nahIM kintu dharmoddhAraka krAnti ke pravartaka lokAzAha ke cauMtIsa bola zrI lokAzAha nA 58 bola paramparA lU~kAe pUchela tera (13) prazna ane tenA uttaro anAgamika mAnyatAoM ke prati AsthAe~ hila uThIM DhU~Dhaka rAsa (asat kalpanA) lokAzAha kA janma va janma-sthAna Adi lokAzAha ke janma-kAla ke viSaya meM vibhinna mAnyatAe~ lokAzAha kA janma-sthAna, kula aura jAti lokAzAha dvArA zAstra likhe jAne kA samaya lokAzAha dvArA upadeza diye jAne kA samvat lokAzAha dvArA zuddha sAdhumArga pravartana viSayaka ullekha lokAzAha ke dIkSita hone athavA na hone viSayaka abhimata ur or or or 9 697 702 702 703 709 712 714 717
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________________ 1 lokAzAha ke jIvana para prakAza DAlane vAle ullekha lokAzAha - paramparA kA mUla nAma jinamatI ekapAtariyA ( potiyAbandha) gaccha kI paTTAvalI lokazAha ke sambandha meM digambarAcArya ratnanandi ke vicAra 3. pariziSTa atha lokAzAha nuM jIvana lokAzAha ke viruddha viSailA bhrAntipUrNa pracAra lokAzAha kA jIvana paricaya - AdhyAtmika jIvana pratiSThAvidhiyoM meM krAnti kA prArambha pArivArika evaM vaiyaktika jIvana paricaya eka pAtariyA (potiyAbandha) gaccha paTTAvalI meM lokAzAha ke pArivArika jIvana kA paricaya vi.saM. 1357 se 1382 taka kI avadhi kI rAjanaitika sthiti 1. zabdAnukramaNikA (ka) tIrthaMkara, AcArya, rAjA, zrAvaka Adi (kha) mata, sampradAya, gotra Adi (ga) grAma, nagara, prAMta, sthAna Adi 2. sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI ( x ) .... (837-838) (841-859) 722 726 737 749 752 759 790 812 826 834 837 841 849 852 856
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________________ prakAzakIya itihAsa vastutaH vizva ke dharma, deza, saMskRti, samAja athavA jAti ke prAcInatama atIta ke parokSa svarUpa ko pratyakSa kI bhAMti dekhane kA darpaNa tulya ekamAtra vaijJAnika sAdhana hai| kisI bhI dharma, saMskRti, rASTra, samAja evam jAti ke abhyudaya, utthAna, patana, punarutthAna, AdhyAtmika utkarSa evam apakarSa meM nimitta banane vAle loka nAyakoM ke jIvanavRtta Adi ke kramabaddha-zrRMkhalAbaddha saMkalana-Alekhana kA nAma hI itihAsa hai| abhyudaya, utthAna, patana kI pRSThabhUmi kA evaM utkarSa tathA apakarSa kI kAraNabhUta ghaTanAoM kA nidhAna hone ke kAraNa itihAsa mAnavatA ke lie bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke lie divya prakAza-stambha ke samAna dizAbodhaka-mArgadarzaka mAnA gayA hai| isalie san 1965 meM yazasvinI ratnavaMzIya zramaNa paramparA ke AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja ne samudra manthana tulya zramasAdhya, samayasAdhya, itihAsa-nirmANa ke isa atIva duSkara kArya ko dRr3ha-saMkalpa ke sAtha apane hAtha meM liyA aura varSoM taka satat anusandhAna, vivecana, lekhana, sampAdana ke pazcAt isa prAmANika itihAsa kA prAdurbhAva huaa| jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (cAra khaNDa) AdhyAtmikatA ke gaurava zikhara AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. kI advitIya aura apUrva dena hai| AcAryazrI ne jaina saMskRti ke hastalikhita graMthAgAroM aura jJAna bhaNDAroM se vipula aitihAsika sAmagrI kA cayana kara isa mahat anuSThAna ko pUrA kara jaina saMskRti ke vikAsa meM eka kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA hai| aitihAsika sAmagrI ke saMkalana, aitihAsika kar3iyoM ko jor3ane aura prAmANika AdhAra para samAjazAstrIya paddhati kA anusaraNa karake AcAryazrI ne jainadharma ke maulika itihAsa kA bhavya bhavana nirmita kiyA hai| isake prathama bhAga meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra taka kA itihAsa hai| dvitIya bhAga meM vIra nirvANa saMvat 1 se 1000 varSa ke kAla kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gyaa| isake pazcAt vIra nirvANa saMvat 2000 taka kA itihAsa tRtIya aura caturtha khaNDa meM hai| isake prathama va dvitIya bhAga ke tIna-tIna evaM tRtIya bhAga ke do saMskaraNa ( xi )
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________________ prakAzita ho cuke haiN| caturtha bhAga ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ko prastuta karate hue hameM atyadhika prasannatA kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| itihAsa samiti ke udbhava aura abhyutthAna kA zreya sarvazrI sohanalAlajI koThArI, zrIcandajI golechA, pUnamacaMda jI baDera, nathamalajI hIrAvata ko hai, jinake athaka prayatnoM se itihAsa samiti ne aneka graMthoM ke prakAzana kA dAyitva nibhAyA aMta meM hama ArAdhya gurudeva AcAryazrI hastImala jI ma.sA. jinake dvArA isa mahat anuSThAna kI sampUrti huI, ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA vyakta karate hue sampAdaka maNDala ke samasta sadasyoM aura una sabake prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karate haiM, jinhoMne samaya-samaya para isa vRhad kArya meM sahayoga diyA hai| jaina itihAsa samiti (xii )
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________________ sampAdakIya sarvaprathama maiM AcArya deva zrI hastImalajI ma.sA. ko sabhakti vandana karatA huuN| prastuta grantha meM prArambhika adhyAya "pUrva pIThikA" meM una saba bAtoM kA bhI ullekha kara diyA gayA hai, jinakA ullekha kisI bhI grantha ke sampAdakIya meM karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| ataH mAtra "sampAdakIya" kI aupacArikatA ke nirvahana hetu ginI cunI paMktiyoM meM nivedana kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki prastuta itihAsa mAlA ke kisI bhI bhAga ke mUla kalevara meM merA apanA eka bhI zabda nahIM hai| jo kucha hai vaha saba pUrvAcAryoM aura vibhinna samaya meM hue vidvAnoM kA hI kathana hai| maiMne to, jisa prakAra eka mAlI choTe-bar3e vividha jAti aura vargoM ke puSpoM ko cuna-cuna kara eka sundara puSpastabaka kA nirmANa karatA hai, gumphana karatA hai ThIka usI prakAra saikar3oM granthoM, zilAlekhoM, hajAroM prAcIna hastalikhita patroM meM jo jaina itihAsa bhArata ke vibhinna kSetroM meM bikharA par3A thA use kAla-krama se cuna-cuna kara samucita prasaMga evaM sthAna para rakha kara aitihAsika ghaTanA krama ko suvyavasthita, supAThya evaM subodhya karane kA prayAsa mAtra kiyA hai| maiM yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka samajhatA hU~ ki maiMne tIrthaMkara kAla se pUrva ke kulakara kAla se lekara vikrama kI 20 vIM zatAbdI taka ke itihAsa kA AloDana aura AgamoM se lekara sAmprata yugIna jaina-jainetara sAhitya kA prastuta grantha mAlA ke sampAdana hetu adhyayana kiyA hai| maiMne veda vyAsa dvArA nirmita ati vizAla paurANika sAhitya kA pArAyaNa karate samaya vedavyAsa kI isa cetAvanI ko bhI par3hA hai ki jo vyakti jAna-bUjha kara kisI bhI dUSita uddezya se aitihAsika tathyoM ko tor3a-maror3a kara likhatA hai vaha kalpAnta kAla taka dussahya dAruNa nArakIya duHkhoM kA bhAgI banatA hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM yadi koI vyakti apane mana meM kiMcitmAtra bhI isa prakAra kI zaMkA lAe ki isa itihAsa meM kisI bhI sampradAya athavA mAnyatA vizeSa ko zreSTha athavA anya kisI sampradAya, saMgha athavA mAnyatA vizeSa ko madhyama siddha karane ke uddezya se likhA gayA hai, to maiM yaha nivedana karU~gA ( xiii )
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________________ ki aisI zaMkA karane se pahale yaha avazya soca leM ki ve kahIM "cora kI dAdI meM tinakA' kI lokokti ko to caritArtha karane nahIM jA rahe haiN| AlocakoM se bhI namra nivedana karU~gA ki ve Alocaka banakara susabhya bhASA meM AlocanA kareM, nindaka bana kara nindya, anAryocita asabhya bhASA meM nhiiN| Alocya tathya ke viruddha Thosa ArSa pramANa prastuta kara AlocanA kareM na ki vikSipta rathyA puruSa ke anargala pralApa kI bhaati| jaisA ki itihAsa mAlA ke tRtIya bhAga ke prakAzana se pUrva kisI dUsare ke nAma se usase bhinna kisI dUsare ne hI kiyA thaa| isa itihAsa mAlA ke pAThakoM se maiM yaha bhI nivedana kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki jisa kAlAvadhi ke itihAsa kA Alekhana prastuta bhAga ke kiyA gayA hai, vaha kAla jaina itihAsa kA sarvAdhika durbhAgyapUrNa kAla hai| usa kAla ke jaina sAhitya ko par3hate samaya mujhe aisA pratIta hone lagatA thA ki kyA zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke sira para zaitAna savAra ho gayA hai jo eka dUsare ko dekhate hI paraspara eka dUsare kI piNDulI ko pakar3ane ko daur3a rahe haiM, eka dUsare ko nIcA dikhAne ke liye eka dUsare ke viruddha DAkinI sAkinI mudgala jaise azobhanIya zabdoM kA prayoga kara mahAmaccha ke nAsAgra para rahane vAle ati laghukAya taMdula maccha kI bhAti ghora mAnasika hiMsA kA tANDava nRtya kara rahe haiN| jahAM tIrthaMkara kAlIna itihAsa se lekara devarddhi kSamA zramaNa ke samaya taka ke itihAsa kA sampAdana karate samaya maiM apane Apako bar3A puNyazAlI, saubhAgyazAlI samajhatA thA vahIM vIra nirvANa pazcAt 15vIM zatAbdI se 20vIM zatAbdI kI madhyAvadhi ke itihAsa kA sampAdana Akalana karate samaya maiM apane Apako saMsAra kA sabase coTI kA durbhAgyazAlI anubhava kara rahA thA / astu , jo bItI so bIta cukI, aba usakI yAda satAye kyoM ? mere isa Alekhana-sampAdana kArya se kisI ko kaSTa huA ho to, maiM vinamratApUrvaka kSamA yAcanA karatA huuN| gajasiMha rAThaur3a nyAya vyAkaraNa tIrtha ( xiv )
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________________ Namo arihaMtANaM Namo siddhANaM Namo AyariyANaM Namo uvajjhAyANaM Namo loe savva sAhUNaM eso paMca NamokkAro, savva pAvappaNAsaNo / maMgalANaM ca savvesiM, par3hamaM havai maMgalaM //
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________________
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________________ pUrva pIThikA agA karuNAsindhu jinazAsana - nAyaka vizvabandhu zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke acintya pratApa kA hI pratiphala hai ki pradyayugIna mahAn adhyAtma yogI jainAcArya zrI hastimalajI mahArAja ke nirdezana meM jainadharma kA bhoga yuga evaM karma yuga ke saMgamakAla se prArambha kara zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANottara 1475 varSa taka ke prati sudIrgha kAla kA itihAsa prastuta granthamAlA ke tIna bhAgoM meM nAti vistRta-nAti saMkSipta zailI meM prakAzita kara diyA gayA hai / aba isa prastuta kiye jA rahe caturtha bhAga meM vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1476 se vIra nirvAraNa samvat 2000 taka ke itihAsa kA samAveza kiyA jA rahA hai / isameM bhI prAcAryazrI dvArA prArambha se hI apanAI gaI nayI vidhA ke anurUpa dharma ke itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha saMkSepataH pUrI avadhi kA sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika itihAsa bhI prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / isa itihAsa granthamAlA ke prathama bhAga meM vizva ke sakala carAcara prANiyoM ke sacce sakhA evaM ekamAtra zaraNya RSabhAdi mahAvIrAnta caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke kAla kA vizad vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / usa prathama bhAga meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke pAvana jIvanavRtta ke sAtha-sAtha bAraha cakravartiyoM, nava baladevoM, nava vAsudevoM aura nava prativAsudevoM kA bhI jIvanavRtta dene kA prayatna kiyA gayA / usI bhAga meM usa kAla kI rAjanaitika sthiti kA bhI itihAsa yathAzakya prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisameM rAjanIti ke Adi pravarttaka Adi rAjA bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke suputra cakravartI bharata se lekara zizunAgavaMzI samrAT zreNika, bimbasAra aura unake uttarAdhikArI samrAT kuriNaka ke zAsanakAla taka kA vizad itivRtta bhI sammilita hai / sAmpratayugIna pUrva evaM pazcima ke aneka agragaNya itihAsajJa isa bAta para prAzcarya prakaTa karate rahe haiM ki jahAM eka prora jainAgamoM meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva, unakI mahISiyoM, unake putroM-pautroM tathA aneka parijanoM kA paricaya upalabdha hotA hai, vahAM dUsarI ora vaidika paramparA ke kisI bhI grantha meM zrIkRSNa ke tAUputra (bhAI) bAvIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA spaSTataH nAmollekha taka kyoM nahIM hai / itihAsa ke vidvAnoM kI isa prakAra kI prAzaMkA ne isa kamI ko dUra karane kI eka utkaTa abhilASA hamAre antarmana meM utpanna kI / etadartha vaidika paramparA ke prAcIna prAmANika granthoM aura sAhitya kA gaharAI se avalokana kiyA gayA to vaidika * paramparA ke hI prAcIna prAmANika grantha harivaMza purANa meM na kevala bhagavAn ariSTanemi hI, apitu unako vaMza paramparA kA pUrNa vaMza vRkSa hI prApta ho gayA, jise bhagavAn zrariSTanemi ke prakaraNa meM yathA - sthAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isase
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________________ 2 | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 yaha tathya itihAsa - premiyoM ke samakSa prakAza meM A gayA hai ki zrIkRSNa vastuta: bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke cacere bhAI the / ' sAtha hI bhAratIya itihAsa ke viSaya meM gahana ruci ke sAtha zodha karane vAle pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ko isa bAta kI AzaMkA thI ki IsA se sAtavIM zatAbdI pUrva jaina paramparA ke tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke tIrthaMkara kAla meM kAzI (vArANasI) meM ikSvAku vaMza kA rAjya nahIM, balki zizunAga vaMza ke rAjA kAkavarNI kA zAsana thA; jabaki jainAgamoM meM isa prakAra kA spaSTa ullekha hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma kAzI ke ikSvAku vaMzI mahArAjA azvasena kI mahArANI vAmadevI kI kukSi se huA thA / isa viSaya meM bhI gahana zodha ke anantara vaidika paramparA ke purANoM aura anya aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kara diyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke dIkSita ho jAne ke anantara evaM unake pitA kAzI ke ikSvAku vaMzIya rAjA azvasena ke svargAroharaNa ke anantara kAzI kA rAja siMhAsana unake kisI uttarAdhikArI ke abhAva meM katipaya varSoM ke liye rikta rhaa| isa prakAra kI arAjakatApUrNa sthiti kA anta karane ke liye kAzI rAjya kI prajA ne zizunAga nAmaka yoddhA ko Amantrita kiyA aura use kAzI ke rAja siMhAsana para sIna kara diyA | 3 isa prakAra isa granthamAlA ke prathama puSpa meM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara carama tIrthaMkara zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvAraNakAla taka kA jainadharma kA aura usake sAtha hI sAtha bhArata ke tatkAlIna rAjanaitika evaM sAmAjika itivRtta kA saMkSepa meM byaurA prastuta kiyA gayA hai / usa avadhi ke jainadharma ke itihAsa ko athavA tIrthaMkara kAla ke itihAsa ko jainadharma ke svariNama kAla ke itihAsa kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai / isa granthamAlA ke dvitIya bhAga meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se uttaravartI kAla kA, vIra nirvANa samvat eka se vIra nirvAraNa samvat eka hajAra taka kA jainadharma kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isameM jainadharma ke itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha eka hajAra varSa kA bhArata kA rAjanaitika aura yathAzakya sAmAjika itivRtta bhI kramabaddha rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa avadhi ke jainadharma ke itihAsa ko kevalI kAla, caturdaza pUrvadhara kAla, daza pUrvagharakAla, aura sAmAnya pUrvagharakAla ina cAra vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / usameM kevalI kAla kI avadhi 64 varSa kI, caturdaza pUrvadhara kAla kI avadhi vIra nirvAraNa samvat 64 se 170 taka ( 106 varSa ) kI, daza pUrvadharakAla kI avadhi vIra nirdhAraNa samvat 171 se vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 1, pRSTha 431-438 2. dekhiye jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2, pRSTha 253-256
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________________ pUrva pIThikA [ 3 584 taka (413 varSa) kI, aura vIra nirvAraNa samvat 584 se 1000 varSa taka 416 varSa kI avadhi sAmAnya pUrvadhara kAla kI rahI hai / isa prakAra isa dvitIya bhAga meM vIra nirvANa samvat 1 meM vIra prabhu ke paTTa para AsIna hue unake prathama paTTadhara Arya sudharmA se lekara vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 meM svargastha hue antima pUrvaghara Arya devagiriNa kSamAzramaNa ke prAcArya kAla taka kA eka hajAra varSa ke jainadharma ke itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha tatkAlIna rAjanaitika aura sAmAjika dazA kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / vIra nirvANa kI tRtIya zatI ke caturtha dazaka ke Asa-pAsa Arya mahAgiri evaM prArya suhastI ke samaya kI eka grAgha apavAdika ghaTanAoM ko aura vIra nirvAraNa saM0 606 ke prAsa-pAsa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM digambara, yApanIya aura tadanantara niyata nivAsI zithilAcAronmukhI caityavAsI paramparAnoM ke bIja vapana ke uparAnta bhI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha vastutaH ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha raha apanI vizuddha evaM mUla zAstrIya paramparA ke pracAra-prasAra ke mAdhyama se jana-jana kA kalyANa karatA huA eka mahAnadI ke pravAha tulya gati se gatizIla rahA / dvitIya bhAga ke prAlekhana ke samaya bhI gahana zodha ke anantara aneka aitihAsika tathyoM para prakAza DAlane ke sAtha-sAtha aneka mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika upalabdhiyAM pravApta kI gaIM, jinameM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullekhanIya haiM : 1. 3. antima caturdaza pUrvadhara athavA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu una niryuktiyoM ke racanAkAra nahIM the, jo vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha haiM / vastuta: ina niyuktiyoM ke nirmAtA devagiriNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt apane saMgha ke sAtha dakSiNa kI ora vihAra kara vahIM vicaraNa karane vAle aura zramaNa belagola meM svargastha hone vAle nimittajJa bhadrabahu (dvitIya) the / antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ( prAcIna gotrIya ) duSkAla ke samaya dakSiNa kI ora nahIM, apitu nepAla kI ora gaye the / antima caturdaza pUrvaghara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke pAsa maurya rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka samrAT candragupta dIkSita nahIM hue / vastutaH aitihAsika tathya isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki ve donoM samakAlIna nahIM the / antima zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 163 meM huA, jabaki maurya candragupta ne vIra nirvAraNa samvat 215 ke AsapAsa nandavaMza ke antima magadha samrAT navama nanda ko yuddha meM parAsta kara magadha sAmrAjya ke siMhAsana para ArUr3ha ho maurya sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kI /
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 yUnAna aura vizva ke itihAsa se yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hai ki sikandara ne IsvI san pUrva 327 (vIra nirvANa samvat 200) meM bhArata para prAkramaNa kiyaa| usa samaya rAjA puru ne sikandara se sandhi hone ke pazcAt kahA thA ki yadi tuma sampUrNa bhAratavarSa para adhikAra karanA cAhate ho to magadha sAmrAjya para AkramaNa kara do| magadha kA rAjya eka bar3A hI zaktizAlI rAjya hai| kintu usake samrAT navama nanda ko vahAM kI prajA nApitaputra mAnatI hai aura usase ghRNA karatI hai| isa kAraNa tuma eka kar3I lar3AI ke pazcAt magadha sAmrAjya para apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara sakate ho / magadha ke siMhAsana para adhikAra kara lene ke pazcAt tumhArI vijayinI senAoM ko rokane vAlI anya koI rAjya-zakti nahIM rhegii| candragupta maurya, jo usa samaya kizorAvasthA meM hI thA aura bhArata ke eka vikhyAta raNanIti vizArada guru ke pAsa takSazilA meM raNanIti kI zikSA grahaNa kara rahA thA, bhI yUnAnI raNanIti ke bheda se avagata hone ke lakSya se sikandara se milA thaa| vaha thor3e samaya ke lie sikandara kI senA meM bhI rahA / usa samaya candragupta ne bhI sikandara ko magadha para AkramaNa karane kA parAmarza dete hue vahI bAta kahI jo ki rAjA puru ne sikandara se kahI thii| vizva aura yUnAna ke itihAsa ke ina do ullekhoM se yaha spaSTataH pramANita hotA hai ki vIra nirvANa saM0 200 ke vyatIta ho jAne taka magadha para navama nanda kA hI sAmrAjya thA / IsvI pUrva 323 tadnusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 204 meM sikandara yuddha meM svayaM pAhata hone tathA apanI senAoM kI bhArI kSati ke pariNAmasvarUpa sainikoM meM vidroha phailane kI AzaMkA se apanI senA ke sAtha apane deza ko lauTa gyaa| sikandara ke pradhAna senA-nAyakoM ke ullekhAnusAra candragupta maurya ne coroM aura luTeroM kI eka choTI sI senA juTAkara sikandara kI senAoM se yuddha bhI kiyA thaa| usa yuddha meM candragupta eka prati vizAlakAya jaMgalI hAthI para ArUr3ha ho apanI tathAkathita coraluTeroM kI senA meM sabase Age rahakara yUnAniyoM se lar3A thaa| sikandara ke svadeza kI ora lauTa jAne ke pazcAta usake dvArA vijita bhAratIya kSetroM meM yUnAnI zAsana ke viruddha vidroha kI Aga bhar3akA kara aura apanI sainya zakti ke bala para yUnAniyoM kI prAyaH sabhI kSatrapiyoM ko candragupta ne naSTa kara diyA thaa|
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________________ pUrva pIThikA ] isa prakAra raNanIti meM sakriya saphalatA prApta karane ke anantara apanI sainya zakti ko bar3hAkara apane guru cANakya ke tatvAvadhAna meM sIdhe magadha kI rAjadhAnI pATalIputra para AkramaNa kara candragupta ne magadha sAmrAjya ke siMhAsana para adhikAra karane kA duHsAhasa kiyA thaa| sikandara ke sambhAvita prAkramaNa kI AzaMkA se navama nanda . ne pahale se hI apanI zaktizAlI senA ko sabhI bhAMti aura adhika zaktizAlI banA liyA thaa| isa kAraNa navama nanda aura candragupta kI senAoM ke bIca hue usa yuddha meM candragupta maurya kI senA pUrNa-rUpeNa naSTabhraSTa athavA asta-vyasta ho gii| kevala candragupta aura cANakya-ye do guruziSya hI usa yuddha meM bace aura ve yena-kena-prakAreNa lukate-chipate evaM bhayaMkara vanoM tathA durgama parvatoM meM bhaTakate-bhaTakate bar3I kaThinAI se apane prANa bacAkara magadha sAmrAjya kI suvizAla sImAnoM se bAhara nikalane meM saphala ho ske| cANakya ne yena-kena-prakAreNa punaH eka vizAla senA saMgaThita karake usa samaya ke eka anya rAjya ke adhipati rAjA parvatake kI senAoM ke sAtha milakara dUsarI bAra magadha para prAkramaNa kiyaa| isa bAra magadha kI sudUravartI sImAoM para pahale adhikAra karate hue zanaiH zanaiH kramazaH magadha ke sImAvartI bahuta bar3e bhAga para adhikAra kara lene ke pazcAt candragupta ne pATalIputra para AkramaNa kiyaa| isase use pUrNa saphalatA prApta huI aura nanda rAjya kA aMta kara vaha magadha sAmrAjya ke siMhAsana para baitthaa| isa prakAra vIra nirvANa kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke dvitIya dazaka meM candragupta ne maurya sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| eka rAja sattA vihIna mahatvAkAMkSI senAnI ko eka zaktizAlI senA gaThita karane aura usa senA ke mUlataH naSTa ho jAne para eka vizAla evaM mahAzaktizAlI sAmrAjya para adhikAra karane ke lie dUsarI zaktizAlI senA sugaThita karane meM dasa pandraha varSa kA samaya laganA hara dRSTi se sahaja svAbhAvika lagatA hai| . ina saba aitihAsika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para spaSTa rUpa se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki mukhyataH digambara paramparA ke sAhitya meM aura sAdhAraNataH zvetAmbara paramparA kI paravartIkAla kI kRtiyoM meM samrATa candragupta maurya ke solaha svapnoM aura zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke pAsa candragupta ke dIkSita hone tathA dubhikSa kI avasthA meM dakSiNa kI ora vihAra karane ke jo ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, unameM tathya kA kahIM koI lavaleza bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa|
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________________ 1. j [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 nAma sAmya kI bhrAnti aura itane bar3e samrAT dvArA jaina zramaraNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI bAta ke mAdhyama se apane dharma saMgha kI mahAnatA tathA mahimA siddha karane ke uddezya se vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue bhadrabAhu nAmaka AcArya aura unake ziSya candragupti kI dakSiraNa vihAra kI ghaTanA ko vIra nirvAraNa kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke dvitIya zataka meM ho arthAt vIra nirvAraNa samvat 163 athavA dUsarI mAnyatAnusAra vIra nirvAraNa samvat 170 meM svargastha hue caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA hai / zramaNabelagola meM bAhubalI kI vizvavikhyAta vizAla mUrti ke pArzva meM avasthita candragiri nAmaka eka pahAr3I para pArzvanAtha vasati kA eka zilAlekha Aja bhI vidyamAna hai, jisa kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai ----- " sUrya ke samAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvAraNa ke pazcAt unake paTTa para gautama lauhArya ( sudharmA ), jambU, viSNu, aparAjita, govarddhana, antima caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu, vizAkha, proSThila, kRtikAya, jaya, siddhArtha, dhRtiSeraNa, buddhila Adi guru paramparA ke krama meM mahApuruSoM kI ziSya santati ko prakAzita karane vAle aSTAMga mahAnimitta ko jAnane vAle bhadrabAhu nAmaka AcArya ne ujjayinI meM bhUta, bhaviSya zrIra vartamAna kI ghaTanAoMoM ko batalA dene vAle nimitta jJAna se bAraha varSa ke bhAvI duSkAla ko jAnakara saba saMgha ko sUcita kiyA aura saMgha unake sAtha uttarApatha se dakSiNApatha kI ora prasthita huA / ve apane saMgha ke sAtha anna-jana-dhana-dhAnya- vRkSa - latA - gulmAdi se sampanna dakSiNa deza meM aaye| una bhadrabAhu nAmaka zrAcArya ne candragiri kI isa guphA meM anazana evaM samAdhipUrvaka svarga-gamana kiyA / .............. isa prakAra isa granthamAlA ke dvitIya bhAga meM Thosa AdhAra para yaha siddha kara diyA gayA hai ki ekAdazAMgI ke viccheda ke anantara hue bhadrabAhu nAmaka prAcArya aura unake suziSya candragupti ke jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanA ko vIra nirvAraNa samvat 163 athavA 170 meM mahAvIra savitari parinirvR te bhagavatparamarSi gautama gaNadhara sAkSAcchiSya lohArya - jambuviSNudevAparAjita govarddhana bhadrabAhu vizAkhaproSThilakRti kAyajayanAma siddhArthaghRtiSeNabuddhilAdi guruparamparINa vakra (ka) mAmyAgata mahApuruSa saMtatisamavadyotitAnvaya-bhadrabAhusvAminA ujjayanyAmaSTAMgamahAnimittatatvajJena traikAlyadarzinA nimittena dvAdazasaMvatsarakAlavaiSamyamupAlabhya kathite sarvvasaMgha uttarApathAddakSiNApathaM prasthitaH / - pArzvanAtha vasti kA zilAlekha |
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________________ pUrva pIThikA ] svargastha hue antima zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke sAtha bhrAMtivaza saMpRkta kara diyA gayA hai| 5. vIra nirvANa samvat 245 meM dazapUrvadhara Arya mahAgiri ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt jaina saMgha meM gaNAcArya tathA vAcanAcArya ina do AcArya paramparAoM ke prAdurbhAva aura tatpazcAt kAlAntara meM tIsarI AcArya paramparA, yuga pradhAnAcArya paramparA ke udbhava ke kAraNa zatAbdiyoM taka yuga pradhAnAcArya, vAcanAcArya aura gaNAcArya ina tInoM prAcArya paramparAoM ke sama sAmayika kAla meM pracalita rahane kA yuktisaMgata aitihAsika tathyoM se pUrNata: paripuSTa aura jana-jana ke mana kA samAdhAna karane vAle aise aitihAsika tathyoM para pUrNa prakAza DAlakara asAdhAraNa se asAdhAraNa medhA-sampanna vijJa ko bhI ulajhana bhare UhApoha meM DAlane vAlI jaTila samasyA kA sahI hala nikAla liyA gayA hai| dvitIya bhAga meM jo eka hajAra varSa kA itihAsa likhA gayA hai usake lekhana meM nandi sthavirAvalI aura kalpasatrIyA sthavirAvali ina do sthavirAvaliyoM ko mUla AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI meM jo vahAM ke ati prAcIna jaina stUpa se nikale aThAraha sau se unnIsa sau varSa purAne zilAlekha, prayAgapaTTa, matilekha aAdi mile haiM unameM kalpa sUtrIyA sthavirAvali ke chaH gaNoM meM se tIna gaNoM, cAra gaNoM ke bAraha kuloM tathA dasa zAkhAoM ke evaM nandIsUtrIyA sthavirAvali ke pandrahaveM vAcanAcArya Arya samudra, solahaveM Arya maMgU, ikkIsaveM Arya nandila, bAvIsaveM Arya nAgahasti aura caubIsaveM vAcanAcArya bhUtadina ke nAma uTTa kita haiM / Aja se lagabhaga do sahasrAbdi pUrva ke ina zilAlekhoM ne Arya sudharmA se prArambha huI jaina zramaNa saMgha kI ina donoM sthavirAvaliyoM ko saMsAra ke samakSa pUrNataH prAmANika aura parama vizvasanIya siddha kara diyA hai / ____ isa prakAra nandI sthavirAvali aura kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvali ke AdhAra para likhA gayA yaha itihAsa 1800-1600 varSa pUrva ke aitihAsika abhilekhoM se pUrNataH paripuSTa hone ke kAraNa parama prAmANika siddha huA hai| 7. dUsare bhAga ke lekhana hetu zodhakArya karate samaya mathurA ke purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya meM upalabdha jaina itihAsa se sambandhita mathurA ke kaMkAlI 1. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2 pRSTha 468-71
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________________ ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 TIle kI khudAI se prApta huI aitihAsika sAmagrI ke AdhAra para yaha tathya bhI prakAza meM lAyA jA sakA hai ki kaniSka ke rAjya ke cauthe varSa, tadnusAra vIra nirvAraNa samvat 606 se pUrva kI koI jaina mUrti mathurA ke rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM nahIM hai / ' vIra nirvAraNa samvat 609 kI yaha mUrti bhI mathurA ke prati prAcIna stUpa ke avazeSoM meM milI hai / stUpa vastutaH kinhIM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn athavA mahApuruSa kI smRti meM usa sthAna para banAye jAte the, jisa sthAna para ki unake pArthiva zarIra kI antyeSTi kriyA kI jAtI thI / aisI sthiti meM stUpa meM jo mUrti rakhI jAtI thI vaha pUjA arcA ke lakSya se nahIM apitu smRti ke eka pratIka ke rUpa meM hotI thI / isa prakAra ke aitihAsika pramAraNoM ke AdhAra para yaha tathya prakAza meM lAyA gayA ki vIra nirvAraNa samvat 606 se pahale mathurA ke usa prAcIna stUpa meM koI jinamUrti kabhI nahIM rakhI gaI thii| isa prakAra ke Thosa aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para dvitIya bhAga ke Alekhana ke samaya yaha tathya prakAza meM lAyA gayA ki vIra nirvAraNa samvat 606 tadnusAra zaka samvat 4 se pUrva sAdhAraNataH sarvatra aura mukhyata: stUpoM meM mUttiyAM nahIM rakkhI jAtI thIM / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kahA jAya to atizayokti nahIM hogI ki vIra nirvAraNa samvat 609 se pUrva mathurA jaise jainadharma ke sudRr3ha kendra sthala meM mUrti pUjA kA pracalana nahIM thA / hamAre dvArA pratipAdita kiye gaye isa aitihAsika tathya kI puSTi prAndhrapradeza ke gunTUra jile ke vahumAnu grAma meM DA. TI. vI. jI. zAstrI, saMcAlaka, viralA purAtatva evaM sAMskRtika zodha pratiSThAna (DAyarekTara, biralA prAciyolojikala eNDa kalcarala risarca insTITyUTa) ke tatvAvadhAna meM mile hue anumAnata: 2200 varSa pUrva ke stUpa ke avazeSoM se hotI hai / isa khudAI meM aitihAsika tathyoM para kAza DAlane vAle zilAlekha to upalabdha hue haiM para pUrI khudAI * eka bhI mUrti athavA usakA koI aMza upalabdha nahIM huA hai / isase yahI asandigdha rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki jainadharma meM prAcIna kAla meM mUrtipUjA ke liye prADambara kA koI sthAna nahIM thA / hameM isa bAta kA santoSa hai ki isa granthamAlA meM jainadharma kA jo nirvANottara 1000 varSa kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usakI prAja se do sahasrAbdi aura usase bhI pUrva uTTaM kita kiye gaye vibhinna kAla ke zilA lekhoM se bhI puSTi ho rahI hai / 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha saMkhyA 16, pRSTha saMkhyA 19. dainika hindU samAcAra-patra, madrAsa 25 / 26/7/85
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________________ pUrva pIThikA 1 t & AlekhyamAna granthamAlA ke dvitIya bhAga ke prAlekhanAnantara isake prakAzana ke sAtha hI tRtIya bhAga ke zrAlekhana kA kArya hAtha meM lene kA upakrama kiyA gayA / kyoMki vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1 se 1000 varSa taka ke jaina dharma ke itihAsa kA prAlekhana vAcanAcArya paramparA kI nandI sthavirAvalI ko pramukha AdhAra mAnakara kiyA gayA thA, ata: sabase pahale devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa ke uttaravartI kAla kI vAcanAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI kI khoja kI gaI / yuga pradhAnAcArya prAdi aneka paramparAoM kI paTTAvaliyoM ke sAhitya kA punaH punaH AloDana viloDana kara lene ke pazcAt bhI jaba vAcanAcArya paramparA kI devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke Age kI paTTAvalI kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM huI to eka bar3I bhArI nirAzA ke sAtha-sAtha eka bar3I asamaMjasapUrNa ulajhana hRdaya ko kacoTane lagI ki do sahasrAbdiyoM pUrva uTTaM kita kiye gaye zilAlekhoM se paripuSTa nandI sthavirAvalI meM vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1 se 1000 taka ullikhita kI gaI vAcanAcArya paramparA kI agretana paTTAvalI ke prabhAva meM prAmANika itihAsa-lekhana kArya yathAtathya rUperaNa kisa prakAra Age bar3hAyA jA sakegA / aise nirAzA ke kSaNoM meM eka navIna prAzA antarmana meM udbhUta huI ki bhArata ke pramukha granthAgAroM, prAcIna hastalikhita jJAna bhaNDAroM kA sUkSma dRSTi se yadi avalokana kiyA jAya to sambhava hai ki vAcanAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI kA kahIM koI thor3A bahuta srota mila jAya / isa prAzA kI anupUrti hetu aneka prAcIna granthAgAroM evaM hastalikhita granthoM ke jJAna bhaNDAroM meM khoja prArambha kI gaI / isa khoja ke sAthasAtha vIra nirvANa samvat 1001 se 2000 aura usase Age ke itihAsa ke prAlekhana ke liye Avazyaka sAmagrI kA zrAlekhana saMkalana bhI prArambha rakhA gayA / isa lambe samaya ke prayAsa meM jaina vAGgamaya ke prAloDana meM aneka prakAra kI dravya paramparAoM kI paTTAvaliyAM aura una dravya paramparAnoM ke sambandha meM aitihAsika sAmagrI to vipula mAtrA meM prApta huI kintu aharniza prathak prayAsa ke uparAnta bhI vAcanAcArya paramparA kI devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt kI koI paTTAvalI upalabdha nahIM huI / 'vAcako pUrva vid' prathavA 'pUrvavid vAcaka:' arthAt jo pUrvajJAna se sampanna ho usI ko vAcaka yA vAcanAcArya kahA jA sakatA hai| kama se kama eka pUrva kA jJAna vAcanAcArya ke lie honA anivArya rUpeNa zrAvazyaka hai / jise eka pUrva kA bhI jJAna nahIM hai vaha vAcanAcArya kI abhidhA se abhihita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vattiyoM aura prAcIna jaina vAMgmaya meM vAcaka athavA vAcanAcArya kI isa vyAkhyA ko par3hakara mastiSka meM eka vicAra prAyA ki antima pUrvadhara vAcanAcArya zrArya devagiriNa kSamAzramaraNa ke svargastha ho jAne ke anantara pUrva jJAna hamArI zrArya dharA se lupta ho gayA / pUrva jJAna ke lupta hone ke sAtha hI vAcaka saMjJA se abhihita kiye jAne yogya kisI bhI vAcanAcArya ke vidyamAna na rahane ke kAraNa vIra nirvANa samvat 1001 meM vAcanAcArya paramparA bhI samApta ho gaI / vAcanAcArya paramparA
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________________ 10 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kA anta ho jAne kI sthiti meM usI paramparA kI agretana paTTAvalI kA astitva bhI kaise raha sakatA hai| isa vicAra se mana meM vAcanAcArya paramparA kI devaddhi se Age kI vAcanAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI na milane se jo eka kasaka, cubhana athavA TIsa anubhava kI jA rahI thI, vaha kucha sImA taka zAnta huii| kintu haThAt eka-dUsare aitihAsika mahattva ke prazna ne antarmana meM eka dUsarI hI TIsa utpanna kara dI ki devaddhi gariNa kSamAzramaNa kA vaha ziSya kauna thA jo devaddhi ke svargagamana ke pazcAt unake pada para AsIna huA / lambe samaya taka athaka prayAsa ke sAtha upalabdha jaina vAMgmaya kA pAloDana, viloDana, nididhyAsana karane ke uparAnta bhI devaddhi gaNi kSamAzramaNa ke kisI eka bhI ziSya kA nAma unake uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM tatkAlIna jaina sAhitya aura usake uttaravartI samaya ke sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM huprA / "devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaraNa jaise mahAn prabhAvaka aura pUrvadhara vAcanAcArya, jinhoMne na kevala ekAdazAMgI ko hI apitu upAMga chedasUtra Adi sampUrNa AgamoM ko lipibaddha athavA pustakArUr3ha kara suvizAla ziSyopaziSya santati kI sahAyatA se hI pUrNa kiye jAne yogya atIva zrama evaM samaya sAdhya gurutara kArya ko apane bhAgIratha prayAsa se sampanna kiyA, ve ziSya santati vihIna hoMge aura unake svargArohaNa ke anantara unake paTTa ko alaMkRta karane vAlA koI bhI suyogya ziSya avaziSTa na rahA hogA" yaha bAta kisI bhI vicAraka ke gale nahIM utara sktii| vIra nirvANa kI eka sahasrAbdi ke avasAna ke sAtha hI tatkAla zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA, vAcanAcArya-paramparA eka hI kSaNa meM tirohita ho gaI hogI isa prakAra kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| duSamAkAla ke avasAna ke antima dina meM svarga sidhArane vAle duHprasaha prAcArya kI vidyamAnatA taka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jinazAsana kA pravAha kabhI tIvra to kabhI manda gati se calegA para calatA avazya rhegaa| kisI bhI samaya vicchinna nahIM hogaa| isa avitatha pAgama vacana ke anusAra yaha to kisI bhI dazA meM vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zAsana kucha samaya ke lie vilupta athavA tirohita ho gayA hogA / devaddhigariNa ke pazcAt bhI jinazAsana kA pravAha kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazyameva calatA rahA, isa aTUTa AsthA evaM aDiga vizvAsa ke sAtha jaba devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke uttaravartI kAla ke jainavAMgmaya kA punaH puna: parimanthana kiyA gayA to cAroM ora jaina vAMgmaya meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI adhyAtmaparaka mUla vizuddha bhAva paramparA ke sthAna para dravya paramparAoM kA hI itastataH varcasva dRSTigocara huaA aura vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 se vIra ni0 saM0 1550 (vikrama samvat 1080) taka ke jaina vAMgmaya meM vizuddha mUla paramparA ke kramabaddha paTTakrama kA kahIM nAmollekha taka dRSTigocara nahIM huaa| __ isa prakAra jaina vAMgmaya ke punaH punaH pAloDana-viloDana ke pazcAt devaddhigariNa ke svargArohaNa ke anantara vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 se vIra nirvANa
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________________ pUrva pIThikA | samvat 1550 tadanusAra vikrama samvat 1080 taka ke jaina jagat meM cAroM ora caityavAsI, yApanIya, bhaTTAraka, zrIpUjya, yati evaM zithilAcAra meM zrApAda kaNTha nimagna suvihita nAmadhArI paramparAmroM ke varcasva ko dekhakara hamArI yaha nizcita dhAraNA bana gaI ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla zramaraNa paramparA, jo, zrArya mahAgiri ke svargArohaNa (vIra nirvAraNa samvat 245 ) ke anantara vAcanAcArya garaNAcArya aura yuga pradhAnAcArya ina tInoM paramparAmroM ke nAma se samAnAntara rUpa se vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1000 taka calI A rahI thI, vaha, 1001 ke pazcAt ina dezavyApI dravya paramparAoM ke prasAra, pracAra evaM varcasva ke pariNAmasvarUpa nitAnta gauNa rUpa meM avaziSTa raha gaI / vizuddha mUla paramparA kI ye tInoM prAcArya paramparAe~ usa saMkrAnti kAla meM vilupta to nahIM huI, kintu mahAtoyA mahAnadI ke zrantarpravAha ke rUpa meM isa paramparA kA kSINa pravAha prabAdha gati se nirantara calatA hI rahA / nitAnta gauraNa avasthA meM pahuMcI huI vizuddha mUla paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI paTTAvaliyAM kahIM upAsakoM ke prabhAva meM, to kahIM sambhavataH dravya paramparAoM ke varcasva, ekAdhipatya athavA kucakra ke prabhAva se niravazeSa athavA vilupta hI ho gaIM athavA naSTa kara dI gaIM / [ 11 hamArI isa prakAra kI dhAraNA kI sampuSTi na kevala nirvANottara jaina air se hI pitu zrAgamika ullekhoM se bhI hotI hai / prAgamika ullekha ke anusAra ananta utsarpiraNI va pravasarpiNI kAlacakroM ke vyatIta ho jAne ke anantara pAMca bharata tathA pAMca eravata- ina dasa kSetroM meM samAna rUpa se eka huNDAvasarpiNI kAla zrAtA hai / huNDa kA artha hai - hona, burA athavA viSama aura avasarpiNI kAla kA artha hai - uttarottara hIyamAna kAla, jisameM pudgaloM ke varNa, gaMdha evaM rasa, sparza Adi guraNoM kA anukrama se apakarSa athavA hrAsa hotA rahatA hai / isI prakAra ke huNDAvasarpiNI kAla meM samaya-samaya para aneka bAra dharma kI glAni-hAni evaM adharma kA abhyutthAna hote rahane ke sAtha-sAtha aghaTanIya ghaTanAoM ke ghaTita hote rahane ke rUpa meM dasa prakAra ke prAzcaryoM kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, jaisAki ananta avarsAparigayoM meM aura kisI eka bhI utsarpiNIkAla meM kabhI nahIM hotA / jisa zravasarpiNI kAla meM hama utpanna hue haiM usa pravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ko zAstroM meM, zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke sAhitya meM huMDAvasarpiNI kAla kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / pravarttamAna huMDAvasarpiNI kAla meM dharma ke viccheda- hrAsa ke sAtha sAtha kaba kaba adharma kA abhyutthAna huA aura 'dasa prakAra kI kauna-kauna sI AzcaryakArI ghaTanAeM kaba-kaba ghaTita huIM, isa sambandha meM yahAM carcA karanA abhISTa nahIM hai, kyoMki jaina vAMgmaya meM etad viSayaka vizad vivaraNa upalabdha hai / " 1. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 1 (prathama saMskaraNa) pR0 344-46
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________________ 12] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 yahAM kevala yahI batAnA abhISTa hai ki vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1000 meM eka pUrvadhara antima prAcArya devadvigariNa ke svargastha ho jAne ke pazcAt huMDAvasarpiNI kAla ke tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvAraNakAla meM bhasma graha ke yoga ke prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke catuvidha dharmatIrtha ke prAcAra - vicAra vyavahAra Adi meM aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyAM utpanna hone lagIM aura zramaraNa varga meM zithilAcAra bar3e prabala vega se panapane lagA / apane zithilAcAra ko lokadRSTi meM saMgata siddha karane ke abhiprAya se una zithilAcAraparAyaNa katipaya zramaNoM ne caityavAsI nAma kI eka naI paramparA ko janma diyA / unhoMne, jina vidhi-vidhAnoM evaM mAnyatAoM kA mUla jainAgamoM meM kahIM koI nAma mAtra taka ke liye bhI ullekha nahIM hai, aise aneka prakAra ke naye-naye dhArmika abhinava kriyA-kANDoM evaM anuSThAnoM ke sUtrapAta ke sAtha-sAtha ekAdazAMgI Adi jaina vAMgmaya se nitAnta pratikUla pratiSThA-kalpoM evaM lagabhaga 36 nigamopaniSadoM Adi nUtana dharmagranthoM kI racanA kara unheM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM parama prAmANika evaM lokapriya banAne kA prabala prayAsa kiyA / caityavAsI paramparA ke AcAryoM tathA vidvAnoM ko usa prayAsa meM AzAtIta saphalatA prApta huI aura isa prakAra vIra nirvAraNa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prathamArddha meM hI caityavAsI paramparA eka zaktizAlI susaMgaThita dhArmika saMgaThana ke rUpa meM ubharI, vistIrNa bhUkhaNDa meM prasRta huI aura cAroM ora usakA varcasva sthApita ho gayA / kAlAntara meM caityavAsI paramparA ke eka prabhAvazAlI AcArya zrI zIlaguNa sUri ke upakAroM se upakRta vanarAja cAvar3A ne vizAla gurjara rAjya kI sthApanA ke sAtha hI zIlaguNa sUri ko rAjaguru ke pada se alaMkRta kara unake nirdezAnusAra apane vizAla rAjya meM rAjAjJA prasArita karavA dI ki caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya kI anumati ke binA caityavAsI paramparA se bhinna kisI bhI anya jaina paramparA kA zramaNa zramaNI varga gurjara rAjya meM na kevala vivaraNa hI apitu praveza taka bhI nahIM kara sakatA / vanarAja cAvar3A ke rAjyArohaNa kAla vikrama samvat 802 se lekara cAlukyarAja gurjarezvara durlabharAja ke zAsanakAla vikrama samvat 1076/80 paryanta lagabhaga paune tIna zatAbdI taka isa rAjAjJA kA kar3AI se pAlana kiyA jAtA rahA / caityavAsI paramparA ke isa prakAra ke drutagAmI pracAra- prasAra, varcasva, ekAdhikAra evaM rAjyAnugraha ke pariNAmasvarUpa zramaraNa - zramaraNI varga meM zithilAcAra, evaM zrAvakazrAvikA varga meM bhAvArcana athavA AdhyAtmikatA ke sthAna para bhautika karma-kANDoM evaM bAhyADambaroM ke rUpa meM dravyArcana kA bolabAlA ho gayA / caityavAsiyoM ke isa prakAra ke spRhaNIya utkarSa se prAkarSita ho bhArata ke anyAnya pradezoM meM bhI aneka prakAra kI dravya paramparAoM kA adbhuta pracAra-prasAra aura varcasva sthApita huA / isa prakAra sampUrNa AryadharA para caityavAsI, bhaTTAraka, zrIpUjya, yati evaM yApanIya Adi dravya paramparAoM kA varcasva sthApita ho gayA / ina dravya paramparAnoM ke prADambarapUrNa, AkarSaka bhautika prayojanoM se na kevala jainoM kA hI, apitu jainoM taka kA janamata ina dravya paramparAyoM kI ora grAkarSita hotA gayA / isa saba kA
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________________ pUrva pIThikA ] [ 13 nitAnta adhyAtmaparaka jinazAsana kI vizuddha mUla paramparA para bar3A hI ghAtaka kuprabhAva par3A / vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNa zramaNI varga kI saMkhyA meM uttarottara bar3A hI zrAzcaryakArI hrAsa hotA gayA / vikrama kI navamIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa to sthiti yahAM taka pahuMca gaI ki AgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaraNa dharma kA pAlana karane vAle virale sAdhu bhArata ke kevala uttarI bhAga meM hI avaziSTa raha gaye / vizuddha zramaraNAcAra kA pAlana karane aura prAgamAnusArI vizuddha dharmamArga kA upadeza karane vAle sacce tyAgI - virAgI zramaNoM kA samparka- saMsarga na mila pAne ke kAraNa zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga bhI jaina dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa se uttarottara anabhijJa hotA calA gyaa| bhArata ke adhikAMza bhAgoM meM zithilAcAra-parAyaNa caityavAsI, maThavAsI, bhaTTAraka evaM yApanIya zramaNa zramaNiyoM aura unake zrAvaka zrAvikAoM kA eka prakAra se ekAdhipatya ho gayA / ina dravya paramparAoM ke zramaraNa-zramaNiyoM ke nitAnta doSapUNa aura zAstroM se pUrNataH pratikUla AcAra-vicAra ko hI tatkAlIna prabala bahusaMkhyaka samudAya prabhu mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita pradarzita vizuddha zramaraNAcAra samajhane lagA / cAroM ora zithilAcAra kA aura dharma meM vikRtiyoM kA bolabAlA ho gayA / " zithilAcAra ke bhISaNa ghaTATopa meM vizuddha zramaraNAcAra ke sAtha dharma kA svaccha, vizuddha mUla svarUpa ThIka usI prakAra pracchanna ho gayA, jisa prakAra kI kAlI kAlI saghana ghana ghaTAoM kI oTa meM pracaNDa mArtaNDa chipa jAtA hai / caityavAsI paramparAoM evaM usakA andhAnukaraNa karane vAlI dravya paramparAtroM ne na kevala zramaNAcAra meM hI apitu ahiMsA evaM adhyAtma pradhAna vizva kalyANakArI jainadharma ke vizuddha mUla svarUpa meM bhI AmUlacUla aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyAM utpanna kara use AgamoM meM pratipAdita svarUpa se nitAnta bhinna (viparIta) svarUpa pradAna kara DAlA / zAstroM meM pratipAdita mUla vizuddha dharma kA upadeza karane aura "vihaMgamA va pupphesu dAraNabhattesaNe rayA" isa prAgama vacana ke anusAra vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle tyAgI, tapasvI aura niSparigrahI svalpAtisvalpa saMkhyaka sacce sAdhuoM kI evaM unake sacce upAsakoM kI saMkhyA bhI nagaNya sI raha gaI / sarvatra . vipula parigraha ke svAmI aharniza prArambha samArambha ke nAnAvidha sAvadya kAryoM meM pUrNataH nirata- lipta aura zrImanta gRhasthoM se bhI atyadhika ADambarapUrNa ThATa, bATa, vaibhava, chatra, cAmara, sukhAsana, svarNa siMhAsana Adi eka dUsare se bar3hakara parigraha ke dhanI sAdhu nAmadhArI AcAryoM, maThAdhIzoM, bhaTa rakoM Adi dravya paramparAoM ke karNadhAroM kA varcasva chA gayA / I dravya paramparAoM dvArA jaina dharma kI Agama pratipAdita vizuddha mUla dhArA meM catuvidha saMgha ke pracAra-vicAra vyavahAra meM utpanna kI gaI vikRtiyoM aura 1. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3 pRSTha 56 se 64
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 Agama viruddha mAnyatAoM ke dezavyApI pracAra-prasAra evaM prabala bahusaMkhyaka jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM una mAnyatAoM, vidhi-vidhAnoM Adi ke vyApaka rUpa se rUr3ha ho jAne ke prArambha se lekara adyAvadhi paryanta ke itivRtta para ati sUkSma dRSTi DAlane ke bAda hamArI vaha dhAraNA vizvAsa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gaI ki devaddhi gaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke anantara unakI ziSya paramparA arthAt zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla paramparA kI paTTAvaliyAM evaM usa paramparA kA kramabaddha itihAsa usa samaya kI varcasvazAlI ina dravya paramparA ke prAcAryoM, vidvAnoM evaM anuyAyiyoM dvArA cuna-cuna kara naSTa kara diyA gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki devaddhi gaNi kSamAzramaNa jaise mahApratApI, prabala prabhAvaka evaM vizAla ziSya santati vAle mahAn vAcanAcArya ke bAda unakI paTTa paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA, unake janma, gRhavAsa, dIkSA tithi. prAcArya kAla evaM svargArohaNakAla ke atirikta koI vizeSa paricaya jaina vAMgmaya meM kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| devaddhi ke svargArohaNa ke sAtha hI pUrva jJAna vicchinna ho gayA thA arthAt pUrva jJAna kA dhAraka koI prAcArya athavA zramaNa nahIM rahA, isI kAraNa devaddhigaNi se uttaravartI kAla kI unake paTTadharoM kI nAmAvali ke prAcAryoM ke nAma ke pahale vAcaka athavA vAcanAcArya zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai / vastutaH "vAcako pUrvadharaH" isa vAcaka zabda kI vyAkhyA ke anusAra Arya devaddhigaNi ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt hamArI isa AryadharA para kisI pUrvadhara ke avaziSTa nahIM rahane ke kAraNa pUrvadhara paramparA kA astitva nahIM rhaa| katipaya paramparAgoM kI paTTAvaliyoM meM Arya devaddhi zramAzramaNa ke svargastha ho jAne ke anantara eka do zatAbdI bIta jAne ke pazcAt katipaya prAcAryoM, kaviyoM evaM vyAkhyAtA sAdhuoM ke nAma se pUrva vAcaka viruda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai kintu vAcaka zabda kI uparilikhita vyAkhyA ke anusAra pUrvajJAna ke vicchinna ho jAne ke kAraNa kisI bhI avAntara kAlavartI prAcArya athavA zramaNa ke nAma ke pUrva vAcaka athavA vAcanAcArya zabda kA prayoga pUrNataH paramparA se amAnya evaM anucita hai| devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke paTTadharoM arthAt unake paTTadhara AcAryoM kI paTTAvalI hameM, jaisA ki tRtIya bhAga meM batAyA jA cukA hai, jaitAraNa ke bhaMDAra se prApta huI hai, jisake sambandha meM aneka jagaha isa prakAra kA ullekha hai ki devaddhigariMga kSamAzramaNa ke uttarAdhikArI prAcAryoM kI jo mUla paTTAvalI jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra se upalabdha huI, usI kI yaha pratilipi hai| gahana zodha ke uparAnta bhI isa paTTAvalI ke atirikta devaddhigariNa ke uttarAdhikAriyoM kI paTTAvalI nahIM milii| ataH hamane tRtIya bhAga meM isI paTTAvalI ko prAmANika mAnakara isI ke mUla AdhAra para ThIka usI prakAra Alekhana kiyA hai, jisa prakAra ki dvitIya bhAga kA Alekhana vAcanAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI ko parama prAmANika mAnakara kiyA gayA hai| hamArI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jisa prakAra nandI sUtrIyA vAcanAcArya paTTAvalI kaMkAlI TIle kI
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________________ pUrva pIThikA ] [ 15 khudAI se prApta hue zilAlekhoM se bhalobhAMti paripuSTa huI hai, usI prakAra jaisalamera ke bhaMDAra se mUla rUpa meM aura jaitAraNa bhaMDAra se usakI prati ke rUpa meM upalabdha huI prAcArya devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke paTTadharoM kI paTTAvalI bhI nikaTa bhaviSya meM eka na eka dina zilAlekhoM se paripuSTa ho skegii| jahAM taka tIsare bhAga kA prazna hai, isameM digambara saMgha kI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke udbhavakAla, usake udbhava kI romAMcaka kahAnI evaM isa paramparA ke vikAsa para prakAra DAlate hue jaina jagat ke samakSa una mahattvapUrNa tathyoM ko rakhA gayA hai, jinase jaina samAja ke sAmpratkAlIna sabhI saMgha aura una saMghoM ke vidvAn evaM zodhakAra taka nitAnta anabhijJa the| madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya ke parisara meM avasthita gavarnamenTa proriyanTala mainyuskripTa lAibrerI se prApta "jainAcArya paramparA mahimA" nAmaka eka ati prAcIna grantha meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke vartamAnakAlIna rUpa ke udbhava aura vikAsa ke sAMgopAMga prAmANika itivRtta ke sAtha-sAtha aneka aise mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika tathyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jo tatkAlIna zilAlekhoM se pUrNataH paripuSTa haiN| isa grantha meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ko janma dene vAle prAcArya mAghanandi, kolhApura ke zilAhAra vaMzIya rAjAdhirAja gaNDarAditya aura usake senApati nimbadeva ke sambandha meM jo paricaya diyA gayA hai usakI puSTi kolhApura sambhAga se prApta pAMca zilAlekhoM se hotI hai|' isa bhAga meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke saMsthApaka AcArya mAghanandi kI usa dUradarzitApUrNa, adbhuta sUjha-bUjha para vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jisase unhoMne jaina zramaNoM evaM pracArakoM ke abhAva meM kSINatara hotI gaI jaina paramparA ke abhyudaya, utthAna hetu vizAla bhArata ke vibhinna prAntoM ke madhya bhAga meM zaMkarAcArya kI dharma pracAra kI zailI ke anurUpa bhaTTAraka paramparA ke 25 pITha sthApita kara jaina jagat meM punaH abhinava jAgaraNa, utsAha evaM cetanA kA saMcAra kiyaa| bhaTTAraka paramparA kI hI bhA~ti zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha kI usa yApanIya paramparA para bhI abhinava prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jo Aja ke yuga meM to bhArata bhU para dRSTigocara nahIM hotI, kintu vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka se lekara vIra nirvANa ko bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa taka jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane meM tatpara rhii| usa yApanIya paramparA ne pUrvakAla meM dakSiNa meM kanyAkumArI taka jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| isa paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne ajaina paramparAoM dvArA na kevala anyAnya jainetara dharmoM ke apitu jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM ko bhI apanI ora AkarSita karane ke liye jo vidhi vidhAna, jo prAyojana Adi AviSkRta kiye the, unheM nirasta karane ke liye samaya 1. dekhiye-jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3 ke pRSTha 160, 170 aura 171 ke TippaNa
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________________ 16 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kI mAMga ko dekhate hue una jainetara paramparAoM dvArA pracalita kiye gaye navInatama vidhi vidhAnoM se bhI aura adhika AkarSaka vidhi-vidhAna jaina saMgha meM pracalita kiye / jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye yApanIya prAcAryoM ne na kevala karnATaka meM hI apitu tamilanADu meM kanyAkumArI taka bar3e-bar3e vizvavidyAlayoM, vidyApIThoM evaM maThoM Adi kI sthApanAeM kii| isa paramparA ke karNadhAroM ne "strINAM tadbhave mokSaH" kA ghoSa dekara dakSiNa meM abhUtapUrva saphalatA prApta kii| isa ghoSaNA se prabhAvita hokara karNATaka pradeza kI mahilAoM ne jaina dharma ke abhyudaya aura utkarSa ke liye jo-jo kArya kiye, unake ullekhoM se uTaiMkita zilAlekhoM kA ambAra sA karNATaka ke vibhinna sthAnoM para dRSTigocara hotA hai / yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya siMhanandI ne gaMga nAmaka eka rAjavaMza kI kolhApura meM sthApanA kara zatAbyioM taka ke liye jaina-dharma ke pracAra-prasAra kA mArga prazasta kara diyaa| gaMga rAjavaMza ne lagabhaga nau zatAbdiyoM taka jaina dharma ko rAjyAzraya dekara isake pracAra-prasAra meM sakriya yogadAna kiyaa| yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya dvArA saMsthApita gaMga rAjavaMza kI yaha sabase bar3I vizeSatA rahI hai ki isa rAjavaMza ke Adi puruSa daDgi aura mAdhava se lekara aTThAIsaveM antima rAjA gaMga-rasa satyavAkya taka ke prAyaH sabhI rAjA jaina dharmAvalambI hue| sAutha iNDiyana inskripzansa, vAlyUma saMkhyA 5.1 ke lekha saMkhyA 324 aura 326 se eka bar3A hI AzcaryakArI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki tiruccAraNattu kurattigala (sAdhvI pramukhA) ne varaguNa nAmaka pAMDya rAjavaMza ke puruSa ko apane ziSya ke rUpa meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| isI vAlyUma ke lekha saMkhyA 370 se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki tirumalle kuratti nAmaka eka sAdhvIgaNa kI AcAryA ke pAsa eka puruSa zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita huA thaa| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha sAdhvIgaNoM kI sarvesarvA prAcAryAeM yApanIya saMgha kI hI hoM kyoMki zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke to prArambha se lekara Aja taka ke itihAsa meM sAdhvI ko svatantra rUpa se prAcArya pada para adhISThita kiye jAne kI eka bhI ghaTanA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / isake atirikta colavaMzIya mahArAjA Aditya prathama ke zAsanakAla meM bedAla se upalabdha IsA kI navamIM zatAbdI ke eka lekha se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki IsvI san 850 ke AsapAsa 600 sAdhviyAM akele vedAla meM vidyamAna thIM aura usameM se 500 sAdhviyoM kI adhinAyikA prAcAryA kuruttiyAra (sAdhvI pramukhA) kanakavIrA thii| vaha bhaTTAraka guNakItti kI anuyAyinI aura ziSyA thii| kotti zabda aura nandi zabda kA prayoga prAyaH yApanIya saMgha ke prAcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM ke nAma ke anta meM prayukta hotA AyA hai / isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki tamilabhASI pradeza meM eka hI sthAna para itanI bar3I saMkhyA meM jo sAdhvI samUha the, ve sambhavataH yApanIya saMgha ke hI hoN| isa prakAra yApanIya saMgha ke sambandha meM aneka ajJAta aitihAsika tathyoM para isa grantha mAlA ke tRtIya bhAga meM vizad prakAza
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________________ pUrva pIThikA ] [ 17 DAlA gayA hai / isa bhAga meM diyA gayA rAjavaMzoM kA paricaya isa tathya ko saMsAra ke samakSa rakhatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM cola, cera, pAMDya, gaMga, hoysala, rASTrakUTa, cAlukya, prAdi aneka rAjavaMzoM ne na kevala jainadharma ko rAjyAzraya hI diyA, apitu aneka rAjAoM ne to jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ko apane jIvana meM DhAlA evaM katipaya aise rAjAoM ne, jinake zarIra raNakSetra meM lage zastrAghAtoM ke cihnoM se nakha zikha taka maNDita the, apane jIvana ke anta meM eka-eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA saMthArA karake svecchayA paMDita-maraNa kA varaNa kiyA / adhikAMza rAjAoM ko jinazAsana kI cora AkarSita karane meM yApanIya paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM prAcAryoM kA eka zlAghanIya yogadAna rahA hai / isa grantha meM jaina dharma ke hrAsa ke pramukha kAraNoM para sAra rUpa meM spaSTa prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jisase jainasaMgha kI adyayugIna aura bhAvI pIr3hiyAM samucita mArga-darzana evaM preraNA prApta kara bhaviSya meM kabhI una hrAsa ke kAraNoM kI punarAvRtti na hone dene kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha kI sarvatomukhI pragati ke liye kaTibaddha ho sakeM / isa bhAga kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki jaina itihAsa ke zodhakoM, lekhakoM evaM vidvAn manISiyoM ne kevala ye do paMktiyAM hI likhakara ki isa kAla kA itihAsa timirAcchanna hai, vismRti ke gahare gahvara meM vilIna ho cukA hai, jaina dharma ke vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1001 se vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1700 taka ke 700 varSa ke itihAsa vivaraNa prastuta karane meM apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kI thI / para saubhAgya se hameM ise upalabdha karane-karAne meM saphalatA milI / pariNAmasvarUpa usa 700 varSa ke timirAcchanna jaina itihAsa ke samaya meM se kevala 475 varSa ke itihAsa ke pralekhana meM hameM 1 hajAra pRSTha bhI kama par3a gaye / ataH zeSa 225 varSa ke jaina dharma ke itihAsa ko hameM cauthe bhAga meM sthAna dene kA nirNaya lenA par3A / tIsare bhAga meM una saba aitihAsika tathyoM ko khoja khoja kara prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisase yaha pUrNataH spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kAla prabhAva se zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha para kisa prakAra saMkrAnti ke bAdala maMDarAye, isa dharmasaMgha meM kaba-kaba, kisa-kisa prakAra aura kisa taraha kI vikRtiyAM utpanna huIM, kisa prakAra ve vikRtiyAM ekAdazAMgI ke yathAvat vidyamAna hote hue bhI dharma saMgha meM rUr3ha ho gaIM, kisa prakAra prabala vega se dravya paramparAyoM kA pracAra-prasAra evaM sarvatovyApI varcasva uttarottara bar3hatA gayA aura kisa prakAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizva kalyANakAriNI zAstrIya vizuddha mUla paramparA kA hrAsa hote hote vaha vilupta prAyaH dazA ko prApta huI / isa tRtIya bhAga meM prastuta kiye gaye etad viSayaka sabhI tathya jaina dharmasaMgha ke bhAvI karNadhAroM evaM bhaviSya meM Ane vAlI pIr3hiyoM ke lie prakAzastambhavat satpatha pradarzita karane kA kArya karate raheMge, aisI hamArI dhAraNA hai /
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________________ 18 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 yaha hama tRtIya bhAga meM pahale hI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki dravya paramparAoM dvArA samaya-samaya para jo aneka prakAra ke parivartana, parivarddhana, saMzodhana, saMgha kI rIti-nItiyoM ke sambandha meM kiye gaye, unameM se bahuta se vastutaH tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke sandarbha meM isI punIta bhAvanA ke sAtha kiye gaye the ki usa prakAra kI saMkrAntikAlIna ghar3iyoM meM jaina dharma saMgha yena kena prakAreNa apane astitva ko banAye rakha sake aura itara saMghoM kI janamanAkarSaka pravRttiyAM evaM rIti-nItiyAM jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ko AtmasAt karane ke apane dRr3ha saMkalpa meM saphalakAma na ho skeN| una azAstrIya mAnyatAoM, jaina dharma kI mUla prAtmA, mUla bhAvanA evaM mUlabhUta siddhAnta ke viparIta vidhi-vidhAnoM evaM mAnyatAoM ke samaya-samaya para pracalita kiye jAne kA jo vistRta vyaurA isa bhAga meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usake pIche hamArI bhAvanA kisI paramparA ke doSa batAne, usako lokadRSTi meM nIcA dikhAne athavA isake liye usakI bhartsanA karane kI kicitmAtra bhI nahIM rahI hai| hamArI mUla bhAvanA to kevala yahI rahI hai ki usa prakAra ke saMkrAntikAla meM tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue jina zAstrIya vidhAnoM ko kisI samUdAya athavA sampradAya vizeSa ne dhArmika kartavya athavA vidheya ke rUpa meM pracalita kiyA, usa prApavAdika hera-phera ko dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa ke rUpa meM sammilita nahIM kara liyA jAnA cAhiye / yadi koI viSailA jantu kisI vyakti ko Dasa jAya to usa viSa ke nivAraNa ke liye samucita auSadhi denA athavA viSApahAraka mantra kA jApa karanA paramAvazyaka ho jAtA hai kintu viSa kA prabhAva dUra ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI yadi viSApahAraka upacAra sadA sarvadA ke liye pracalita rakhane kA Agraha kiyA jAya to use haThAgraha ke atirikta anya koI saMjJA nahIM dI jA sktii| basa, yahI sthiti saMkrAntikAla meM prApavAdika rUpa se saMgha meM pracalita kI gaI mAnyatAoM ke viSaya meM bhI honI caahiye| tRtIya bhAga meM tiruappara aura tirujJAna sambandhara dvArA pracalita kiye gaye zava abhiyAna ke samaya jainoM para jo bhISaNa atyAcAra kiye gaye, eka-eka hI dina meM ATha-pATha hajAra, pAMca-pAMca hajAra, jaina sAdhuoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diye jAne ke jo vistRta vivaraNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM, unakA ekamAtra pavitra uddezya yahI hai ki Aja kA jaina samAja aura jaina saMgha kI bhAvI pIr3hiyAM isa prakAra ke vivaraNoM se zikSA leM ki kisI bhI viSama paristhiti meM yadi jaina samAja para kisI prakAra ke atyAcAroM kA upakrama kiyA jAya to usa prakAra ke prayAsa ko nirasta kara dene ke liye sampUrNa jaina samAja ko, pratyeka jaina saMgha ke sadasya ko susaMgaThita hokara dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha dIvAra banakara AtatAyI ke sammukha khar3e ho jAnA cAhiye / bicchU dvArA DaMka mAre jAne para jisa prakAra hamAre aMga-aMga meM, roma-roma meM nakha se lekara zikha taka eka tIvra vedanA hotI hai, pUrA zarIra tar3apa uThatA hai aura usa vedanA se chuTakArA pAne ke liye usa vyakti ke hAtha, paira, mana, mastiSka, jihvA aura romAvali
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________________ pUrva pIThikA ] [ 19 taka vyagra ho uThatI hai, ThIka isI prakAra jisa samaya tamilanADu meM jaina zramaraNoM kA saMhAra kiyA gayA, jainoM kA balAt dharmaparivartana kiyA gayA, usa samaya yadi samagra deza kA, samagra prAntoM kA jaina samAja, jaina dharma kA pratyeka anuyAyI isa prakAra ke amAnuSika atyAcAra ke virodha meM yA usake pratikAra ke liye sugaThita hokara khar3A ho jAtA to na to itanA nara-saMhAra hotA, na dharma parivartana, aura na tamilanADu meM jaina dharmAnuyAyo nagaNya saMkhyA meM ho jaate| kisI vyakti ke paira meM pIr3A ho aura usake dUsare aMga - hAtha, paira, mastiSka, vANI, mana, mastaka grAdi yahI socate raheM ki pIr3ita hai to paira hai, hameM to kisI prakAra kI pIr3A nahIM hai isaliye hama paira kI cintA kyoM kareM, to usa prakAra kI sthiti meM paira kI pIr3A uttarottara bar3hatI jAyegI aura usa paira ke nirbala athavA azakta ho jAne para sampUrNa zarIra ko, zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMga ko aneka duHkha uThAne hoMge, kaThinAiyoM kI eka lambI katAra zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMga ke samakSa khar3I ho jAyegI / ThIka isI prakAra tamilanADu meM pUrva kAla meM pracaNDa rUpa se prajjvalita huI dhArmika vidveSAgni meM jalate hue jainoM kI cintA prAndhra, karnATaka Adi bhArata ke sabhI prAntoM ke jainoM ne nahIM kI to zaMkarAcArya ke dhArmika abhiyAna, rAmAnujAcArya ke vaiSNava abhiyAna aura liMgAyatoM ke jaina virodhI abhiyAnoM kA tAMtA sA laga gayA, jisase jaina saMgha ko bhayaMkara hAni uThAnI pdd'ii| jainoM kI saMkhyA bar3e prabala vega se kSINa hote-hote pUrvApekSayA svalpAt svalpatara hI avaziSTa raha gii| samAja ke eka aMga para hone vAle prAghAta kA zeSa aMgoM dvArA pratirodha na kiye jAne kA kaTutama pratiphala aAja bhArata ke sampUrNa jaina samAja ko bhoganA par3a rahA hai| sAmUhika sazakta pratirodha ke athavA sAmUhika prAtmarakSA ke prayAsa kA pratiphala avazyameva sukhada evaM prabhAvI hotA hai| isa tathya para bhI isa granthamAlA ke dvitIya bhAga meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki jisa samaya antima maurya rAjA vRhadratha kI dhokhe se hatyA kara usakA senApati puSyamitra zuMga pATaliputra ke rAja siMhAsana para ArUr3ha ho jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para atyAcAra karane lagA usa samaya kaliMgapati mahAmeghavAhana khAravela bhikkhu rAya ne pATaliputra para apanI prabala senA ke sAtha AkramaNa kara diyaa| kaliMgapati ne puSyamitra zuMga ko parAjita kara bhaviSya meM jaina saMgha ke sAtha acchA vyavahAra karane kI zikSA dI / bhUtakAla meM huI ina donoM prakAra kI ghaTanAoM se jaina saMgha bhaviSya meM kucha preraNA le, mArga-darzana le isI bhAvanA se prastuta itihAsamAlA meM atIta kI ina ghaTanAoM kA yathAtathyarUpeNa varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa itihAsamAlA ke prathama bhAga ke sampAdakIya meM yaha spaSTa-rUpeNa prakaTa kara diyA gayA thA ki jahAM taka purAtAtvika avazeSoM, zilA-lekhoM paTTAvaliyoM,
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________________ 20 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 hastalikhita granthoM evaM pracIna sAhitya kA prazna hai, jaina dharmAvalambI vastutaH anyAnya sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM kI apekSA atyadhika sampanna - atyadhika samRddha hai| kisI bhI zodhapriya vidvAn se yaha tathya chipA nahIM ki vibhinna prAntoM kI epigrAphikAoM, epIgrAphikA iMDikA ke vizAla granthoM, eziyATika risarca sosAyaTI Adi zodhaparaka saMsthAoM ke jaranaloM evaM purAtAtvika zodhagranthoM meM prastuta kI gaI sampUrNa prAcIna aitihAsika sAmagrI meM lagabhaga sattara se assI pratizata taka sAmagrI jainadharma se sambandhita hai| san 1932 meM ajamera nagara meM hue vRhat sAdhu sammelana ke jaina itihAsa nirmANa viSayaka nirNaya ke anantara prAcAryazrI ne jaina itihAsa se sambandhita sAmagrI kI khoja evaM usake saMkalana kA kArya bar3I tatparatA se prArambha kara diyaa| san 1965 meM bAlotarA cAturmAsAvAsAvadhi meM jaina itihAsa ke nirmANa ke nizcaya ke sAtha-sAtha itihAsa samiti ke nirmANa ke anantaMra to prAcArya zrI ne bAlotarA se gujarAta kI ora vihAra kara ahamadAbAda ke ati vizAla jJAna bhaMDAroM se, pATaNa ke vizva vikhyAta bhaMDAra se, bar3audA ke jJAna bhaMDAra, bar3audA vizvavidyAlaya ke purAtatva saMgrahAlaya se, gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, saurASTra aura kaccha kI khAr3I taka ke aneka kSetroM meM avasthita jJAna bhaMDAroM meM athaka parizrama pUrvaka zodha karane ke sAthasAtha unameM se jaina itihAsa se sambandhita sAmagrI kA saMkalana kiyaa| tadanantara bAlU ke TIloM, evaM retIle dhoroM kI dharA marudharA se lekara dakSiNa sAgara ke taTavartI nagara madrAsa taka apratihata vihAra kara AcArya zrI ne ajamera, meravAr3A, ToMka, mevAr3a, madhyapradeza, mahArASTra, karNATaka, Andhra evaM tamilanADu pradezoM meM gahana khoja ke pazcAta jaina itihAsa se sambandhita sAmagrI kA saMkalana kiyaa| ___ Amaru-sAgarAntA AryadharA ke vizAla bhU-bhAga meM aitihAsika sAmagrI kI zodha ke liye kiye gaye isa bhagIratha prayAsa tulya abhiyAna meM prAcArya zrI ko aitihAsika mahatva kI vipula sAmagrI upalabdha huI / usa mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI kA upayoga prastuta itihAsamAlA ke gumphana, Alekhana meM kiyA gyaa| tathApi yaha zodha abhiyAna kI itizrI nahIM hai aura na hogii| isa bhagIratha prayAsa ke uparAnta bhI abhI taka jaina itihAsa se sambandhita vipulatama mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI yatra-tatra bikharI evaM chipI par3I hai, jisameM hamAre atIta ke anamola aitihAsika tathya chipe par3e haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa tRtIya bhAga meM diye gaye itihAsa kI kAlAvadhi ke eka bar3e hI aitihAsika mahattvapUrNa tathya para prakAza DAlane vAlI eka aitihAsika hastalikhita prati prAcAryazrI dvArA khoja nikAlI gaI hai| usa aitihAsika tathya ko yahAM "bhUle bisare aitihAsika tathya' zIrSaka ke nIce diyA jA rahA hai :
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________________ bhUle bisare aitihAsika tathya sAgara ke gahana tala meM jisa prakAra kaI anamola motI, bahumUlya ratna aura bhAti-bhAMti kI nidhiyAM chipI hotI haiM, ThIka usI prakAra jaina itihAsa ke prAtyantika mahattva ke aitihAsika tathya vismRti ke garbha meM chupe par3e haiN| jisa prakAra sAhasI gotAkhora gaharI DubakiyAM lagAkara athAha samudra ke tala se samaya-samaya para una amUlya nidhiyoM ko khoja nikAlate haiM, ThIka usI prakAra vismRti ke gahana garbha rUpI samudra meM chipe itihAsa ke alabhya aitihAsika tathyoM ko koI birale hI zodhapriya vidvAn prakAza meM lAne meM saphalakAma hote haiN| isa yuga ke mahAn adhyAtmayogI jainAcArya zrI hastimalajI mahArAja ne sadiyoM se vilupta mAne jAte rahe jaina itihAsa ko gahana zodha ke anantara jaina jagat ke samakSa rakkhA hai| IsvI san 1985 tadnusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 2511-12 ke bhopAlagar3ha cAturmAsAvAsa kAla meM prAcAryazrI ne eka aiso aitihAsika kRti ko khoja nikAlA hai jo digambara paramparA ke mahAn prAcArya kundakunda svAmI ke samaya ke sambandha meM adyAvadhi calI A rahI vivAdAspada gutthI ko sulajhAne meM sambhavataH paryApta mArgadarzikA bana sakatI hai| prAcArya zrI kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM ke vibhinna abhimata haiM, jo prAyaH sabhI ekamAtra anumAnoM para hI AdhArita haiN| prAcArya zrI kundakunda ke sunizcita samaya ko batAne vAlA adyAvadhi eka bhI prAmANika ullekha athavA koI Thosa AdhAra upalabdha nahIM hai| zodharuci prAcAryazrI ne prAcIna hastalikhita patroM ke pulinde meM se "atha prateSThA pATha likhyate" zIrSakavAlI jo eka prati khoja nikAlI hai, usameM digambara paramparA ke aneka bhaTTArakoM evaM prAcAryoM ke samaya ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlane ke sAtha digambara paramparA ke mahAn prAcArya kundakunda svAmI ke jIvanavRtta para nimnalikhita rUpa meM vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha huA, jo itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAle vijJoM ke liye yahAM akSarazaH uddha ta kiyA jA rahA hai / ............ samvat 770 ke sAla vArAnagara meM zrI kundakundAcArya munirAja bhaye tinakA vyAkhyAna karaje ch| kunda seTha kundalatA seThANI ke pAMcavAM svarga ko deva caya kari garbha meM Aye ti dina su seTha kA nAMva prasiddha huA / kAhai te puSpAdika kI varSA kA kAraNa se nava mahinA pIche putra kA janma bhayA tA samaya meM zvetAmbarana kI AmnAya visesa hoya rahI, digambara sampradAya uTha gii| eka jinacanda muni rAmagira parvata meM rahai tAkA darzana seThajI karavo karai sobhAgye putra ATha varSa kA huA para uThIne zrI prAcArya kA prAyukarma najIke AyA ve // kumAra nitya prAve chA so
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________________ 22 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pUrvalA kAraNa tai kundakunda kumAra dIkSA letA bhyaa| prAcArya to devaloka padhAre ara kundakunda munirAja kA mArga vizeSa jAnyA nahIM so apane guru sthApanA ke nikaTa hI dhyAna karatA bhayA soyana kA dhyAna ke prabhAva tai siMha vyAghrAdika sAMta bhAva kaM prApta bhayA zrI svAmI aisA dhyAna pragaTa bhayA tIna jJAna agocara zrI sImaMdara svAmI pUrvale videha kSetra kA rAjA tina kA dhyAna svAmI ne sarU karyA / grAdi samavasaraNa kI racanA vidhipUrvaka citta rUpI mahala meM banAyA vA ke bIca gaMdha kuTI raca dInI ara vArA sabhA sahita racanA banAya siMhAsana upara cyAra aMgula antarIka zrI mahArAji zrI sImaMdara svAmI kU virAjamAna dekha kari tatkAla zrI kundakunda yatirAja namaskAra karatA bhyaa| basa hI samaya meM videha kSetra meM zrI bhagavAn munirAja kU dharmavRddhi dInI tadi cakravAdika mahaMta puruSA kai baDo vismaya utpanna huno avAra koI indradeva manuSya meM koI bhI pAyA nahIM ara svAmI dharmavRddhi dInI tA kA kAraNa kahyA / / tadi mahApadma cakradhara Adi saba hI rAjA uTha kari svAmI kU namaskAra kari pUchate bhaye bho sarvajJa deva ! yA dharmavRddhi pApa kuNa kaM dInI ye vacana suriNa kari svAmI divya dhvani se vyAkhyAna kiyA he mahApadma ! bharata kSetra kA prArya khaMDa meM rAmagira parvata ke upari kundakunda munirAja tiSThe haiN| unameM acAvAra mana vacana kAyA kI sudhatA kari ra namaskAra kIyo tadi dharmavRddhi dInI hai / aisA svAmI kA vacana suraNa kari sabhI sabhA ke logana ke ura meM aAzcarya upajyo / bho bhagavan ! ApakI divya dhvani pahalI bhale prakAra hama sunI hatI jyo bharatAdika daza kSetra meM dharma kA mArga nAhIM ara pAkhaMDI bahuta hai| jina dharma kA nAma mAtra jAnegA nAhIM / agha vIparIta mArga meM cAlegA, pAkhaMDI logoM kI mAnyatA bahuta hoyagI / gurudrohI loka ho jaaygaa| sva-sva kalpita grantha baaNceNge| aneka pAkhaMDa rceNge| jinarAja kA dharma AjJA samAna kU kahuM diikhegaa| pAkhaMDI kA maTha jAgi-jAgi dhAvege / vyantara Adika kUdeva kA camatkAra pratibhAsegA sva-sva dharma choDikari saba hI loka unmArga meM dhNseNge| aba Apake mukha aisA Rddhi dhAraka munirAja kA nAma sunyA so hamAre bar3A Azcarya hai| tadi kevali varNana karate bhaye aisA munirAja birale hoya hai| pAgyA kA cimatkAra samAna Arya khaNDa meM cimatkAra hoyavo kareMge, ve surgavAsI deva kA jIva hai| ihAM sabhA meM ravi prabha sUryaprabha deva haiN| tinakA ve pAgale bhava ke bhAI haiN| aisA zabda hote doya deva zrI bhagavAn ke nikaTi Aye namaskAra kari sakala vyAkhyAna pUchyA ara munirAja kA darzaNa karaNe vAste rAmagira upara pAvate bhye| jisa vakhata deva Aye tA same meM rAtri thI tadi munirAja kuM namaskAra kari ra baiThyA / munirAja bolyA nhiiN| aba unakA ziSya vinA dhyAna tiSThe chai tinakA darzana bhayA / una se hI batalAvaraNA hota bhaI / ara dera deva ne kahI zrImaMdara svAmI tumakudharmavRddhi dInI tadi maiM aThai aayaa| abe svAmI bolate nahIM so hama bhagavAn ke samosaraNa meM hI pAchA jAvAM chaaN| yA kahIra deva bhagavAn ke samosaraNa meM gye| aba prabhAtika kA samaya huaa| tadi prabhAti kA namaskAra saba hI ziSya karate bhaye ara rAtri kA samAcAra zrImaMdara svAmI sambandhI sarva vidhipUrvaka mAluma karayA /
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________________ aitihAsika tathya ] [ 23 ara phera kahI deva doya Apake darzana karaNa kU pAyA so ApakA darzana kari ra ve deva bhagavaMta kI sabhA meM hI gaye / ye samAcAra suriNa kara zrI kundakunda munirAja vizeSa prAnanda kuM prApta bhaye, ara cauDe aisA zabda kA prakAza karate bhaye / aba zrImaMdara svAmI kA darzana kareMge tadi AhArAdika leMge / yA kahi kari svAmI phira mauni dhAra kari dhyAna meM magana bhaye / aisA dhyAna Ave tadi vesA kAraNa hoya / avi do cyAra dina meM citta kI thiratA te vaisA hI dhyAna prakaTa bhyaa| para samavasaraNa varaNAyA para sAkSAtkAra zrImaMdara svAmI kU namaskAra karatA bhayA, vaisA samaya dharmavRddhi phairi bhagavaMta kI huii| ara prasna bhayA para bhagavAn kahI jyo deva gaye the so pAchai Aye aba unake aisA niyama huaA ke jyo darzaNa vina sarva tyAga hai / tadi devAM kahI bho svAmin ! ve pAye nahIM tadi bhagavaMta yAjJA karI tuma besamaya gaye taba deva pUchate bhaye samaya kaunasA tadi bhagavaMta khi| yahAM rAtri hotI vahAM dina hai| vahAM dina hai yahAM rAtri hai / sUrya kA gamana aisA hai so tuma dina meM vAM jAno to vana kA Agamana ho jAyagA / aisA vacana suni kari ve donyU deva dhyAna (dina) samaya meM Aye munirAja kA darzana huA ara paraspara vacanAlApa huaa| deva hAtha joDi namaskAra vinatI karI pApa vimAna meM virAja ara zrImaMdara svAmI kA darzaNa karo yA bAta suNikari prasana hoya Apa vimANa meM virAje ara vimANa AkAza mArga cAlyo so anukrama se kSetra bhoga bhUmi kA deza ke upari vimAraNa calyA jAya chAM, so svAmo ke sAmAyaka kA samaya yA gayA so sAmAyika karatI bakhata pIchI hAthana se gira par3I ara pavana kA vega atyanta lAgyA hI tadi svAmI kahI aba hamArA gamana agArI nahIM kAhe, te munirAja kA bAnA vinA munirAja kI pichAnI nAhIM tadi deva pIchI heraNa kuM bar3A yatana kiyA tadi pIchI pAI nahIM, ara gRdhra pakSI jAti ke jinAvara kI pAMkhaDI hutI so vai ati komala tinakU bhailI kari unakI pIchI AkAra banAya zrI munirAja kuM sauMpI tadi Apa komala jANi ara dharma kA kAraNa karaNe ke nimitta aMgIkAra kari kari ra agADI gamana karatA bhayA / isa kAraNa se dUsarA nAma gRdhra pichAcArya prakaTa bhyaa| aba videha kSetra meM jAya phuNce| zrImaMdara svAmI kA samosaraNa mAnasthaMbhAdi vibhUti yukti dekhakari prasanna bhaye, Apa antaraMga kI sudhatA dhArI vimANa se utari bhagavAn kA samavasaraNa meM praveza kiyA ara somaMdara svAmI ke tIna pradakSiNA de kari namaskAra kiyA ara stuti kari aho sarvajJa tumhArI mahimA agamya hai, agocara hai, Apa sakala vastu kau sadI vahI dekho haura aApa jagata ke guru ho Apa paramesura ho, Apake nAma se aneka janma ke pApa pralaya hoya haiM ApakA kevalajJAna sarva prati bhAsI hai| Apa pUjyAdhika ho Apa brahma rUpa ho, caturmukha ho gaNadharAdika deva bhI tumhAre guNa gaNa kathana karate thAka gaye, hamAri kahA gati prAji hamArA zarIra saphala bhayA Aji hamArI mokSa bhaI mAnUM aisA maiM aAnanda mAnaM yA kaha kari bhagavAn kI gaMdha kUTI kI kaTani upari deva baiThAvate bhaye, kAhe tevA kA zarIra pAMca se dhanuSa kA ara ye 6 hAtha kAya sakAraNa, vaise hI samaya meM cakradhara pAyo gaMdha kuTI kai upara najari gaI tadi hAta bhaile kari
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________________ 24 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vicAra karatA bhayA / / yaha kauraNa sA AkAra hai cha khaNDa meM yaha AkAra kahUM dekhyA nhiiN| aisA AkAra kauna kA hai| tadi cakradhara bhagavAn kU pUMchatA bhayA he jinendra ! ye manuSyoM kA AkAra kaunasA jIva hai / tadi bhagavAn kI divya dhvani huI / yaha bharata ke munirAja hai| tuma pahalI dharmavRddhi kA kAraNa pUchatA thA so aba ye darzaraNa karane nimitta Aye haiM / aisA zabda suriNakari prasanna hoya cakradhara munirAya kU kaTanI upari virAjamAna kari ra namaskAra karatA bhayA tadi munirAja kA nAma elAcArya prakaTa hotA bhyaa| para bhagavAn kI AjJA huii| ina kU sakala saMdeha kA nivAraNa karAvaNe vAlA siddhAnta sikhaayo| ara graMtha likhAya dyo, so yo dharma kA udyotaka hoygaa| aba Apake jaisA saMdeha chA so saba bhagavAn sUM pUcha kari nisaMdeha bhayA, eka dina cakradhara vinatI karI Apa AhAra * utaro tadi Apa kahi jogyatA nAhIM kAhe te ihA dina hamArA kSetra meM rAtri hama vAMhAM ke upaje yAze AhAra kaise aMgIkAra kare so svAmI dina sAta (7) tAMI nirAhAra rhe| bhagavAn kI divya dhvani nirUpI amRta ke pIvate kSudhA bAdhA nai detI bhaI, cyAra zAstra likhAye / matAntara nirNaya caurAsI hajAra, sarva siddhAnta mana biyAsI hajAra, kama prakAza bahatari hajAra, nyAya prakAza bAsaThi hajAra / aise graMtha cyAra lekari bhagavAn sU AjJA mAMgI deva vimAraNa meM baiTha kari rAmagiri upari prAya virAje deva apane sthAnaka gae aba sarva hI svAmI kI AgyA meM cAlate bhaye / zvetAmbara dharma chur3Aya digambara dharma kA mArga batAyA ara dhana vAle kU dhana batAyA, putravAn kU putra diyA, rAjya vAlA rAjya dIno / kevala dharma kA mArga badhAvA ke nimitta hajAru zrAvaka vratI ho gaye / kuMda seTha sabana kA mAlika bhyaa| 564 munirAja huaa| 400 AjikA huI / aba Apa sakala saMgha sahita zrI giranArajI kI yAtrA vAste cAlatA bhayA para zvetAmbarIna kA saMgha bhI jAvA cAlyA, tinakI saMkhyA zrIpUjya to 84 gaccha ke ara yati 12000 ara vana ke zrAvaka zrAvakaraNI doya lAkha bAvana hajAra aru cAkara payAde bahuta so ye dou saMgha giranArajI ke nIce apaNI apaNI hada meM mukAma karate bhaye / tadi zrI kundakundAcArya jI kA saMgha Upara car3hane lagA tadi zvetAmbarIna kA halakArA agADI nahIM karaNe diinaa| para kahI pahalI yAtrA hamArI hoyagI pIche yAtrA tumhArI hoyagI / yaha samAcAra suriNa kari saba hI pAchA prAya gayA / para prAcArya sU vinatI karI he nAtha ! yaha zvetAmbarI to bahota / apanA saMgha thor3A so yAtrA kaise hovegI tadi prAcArya prAjJA karI tuma vAMsu kaho tumAre hamAre kachu vaira to hai nahIM para jo tuma apane mata kA aADambara rAkhyA cAvo cho to aru yAhAM prAvo jo jIteMge so hI pahalI yAtrA karegA / abe yAtrA tuma bhI nahIM karoge aisA vacana hotA thakA daunyU saMgha kA hI vAda ThaharyA jyo jIte so yAtrA pahalI karegA / digambara ke svAmI zrI kundakundAcArya ara zvetAmbara ke mAlika zrutAcArya jA ke cauisa mahAkAla pakSa kA sAdhana so inakai keteka dina talaka vAda bhayA / jadi yeka dina zruktAcArya kunda-kunda svAmI kA kamaMDala meM chAkari dInI para
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________________ aitihAsika tathya ] [ 25 samasyA se koI kahIye kAhe kA muni hai yana kA AcaraNa dhIvara kA hai| aisI bAta suriNa kari koI zrAvaka kahI svAmI kamaMDala meM kAMI chai| svAmI kahI kamaMDala ke jala meM phUla hai / svAmI dikhaao| tadi kamaMDala uMdho kryo| so kamaMDala meM saM phUla ke Dhera ho gyaa| para svAmI kA nAma cauthA padmanandi svAmI prakaTa bhayA / zruktAcArya pIchI kamaMDala donUM uDAya dInAM / tadi svAmI saba yatIna kI cAdara baiThanA uDAya dInA / zruktAcArya kU nagna kari diinaa| pIche to upara cAMda syA nIce isa tare se cAdari cAdari pari pIchI hoya gaI, kuMTha ne lagI yati bAhara melane lAgyA aisA svAmI cimatkAra btaayaa| aba Apa bolyA aisI dharta vidyA se vAda nahIM hotA hai| aba maiM kahatA hUM yA sarasvatI kI pratimA pASANamayI che inai bulAvo jyo kahai so i pahalI yAtrA karegA / tadi zruktAcArya aneka pakSa kI sthApanA karI bulAI to bhI nahIM bolI / / tadi svAmI Apa kamaMDala pIchI hAtha meM le kari / zrI sImaMdara svAmI kU namaskAra kari pIchI sarasvatI kA zira upara dhari kari prApa prakaTa baulate bhaye / he devI ! aba tUM satya vacana kA prakAza karahu tadi devI garjanA rUpa tIna bola prakaTa bolI Adi digambara, Adi digambara, Adi digambara, garbha kA bAlaka hai cihU jAme tadi digambara sampradAya satya rUpI hoya gii| zvetAmbarI bhI devI kuM bulAvanA : satya vacana kA prakAza karahu tadi devI garjanA rUpa tIna bola prakaTa bolI Adi di. : saru karayAta devI kahI tuma bArA barasa talaka jhagar3A karo hamane eka satyArtha thA so I kahyA / tadi zvetAmbarI ke saikarU ziSya zrI kundakundAcArya ke ziSya bhaye / ara prathama yAtrA zrI kundakundAcArya jI kA saMgha kA loga karatA bhayA / para zrI neminAtha bhagavAn kI pratiSThA karI / ara sakalagira pratiSThita bhayA / tadi mUlasaMgha sarasvatI gaccha balAtkAragaraNa zrI kundakundAcArya kA vaMza bar3e nandi munirAja ke prAcArya pada dInA so unakI prAmanAya sakala saMkhyA gAyatrI karma aMga nyAsAdika karma, pratiSThA, kalazAbhiSeka, pUjA, dAna, yAtrA, ityAdi chahUM karmana kI sthApanA karI samyagdarzana jJAna cAritra rUpa tIna valaya kA sUtra kI yajJopavIta zrAvaka loga kU dInI / ara jinamArga kA prakAza kari ra Apa vApanArA nAma nagara ke vana meM Aye saba zrAvakana 1 ziSyA (zikSA) de kari Apa sanyAsa dhAri kari pAMcave svarga gaye / vizeSa adhikAra bar3e granthana se jANa leNA yahAM adhikAra mAtra varNana kiyA hai|" "pratiSThA pATha' zIrSaka vAlI isa laghu pustikA ke upari likhita uddharaNa se nimnalikhita cAra tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM : 1. digambara paramparA ke mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya zrI kundakunda vikrama samvat 770 meM vidyamAna the| 2. unake guru kA nAma AcArya zrI jinacandra thaa|
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________________ 26 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 3. AcArya jinacandra rAmagiri parvata para rahate the| 4. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke eka aMga digambara sampradAya meM brAhmaNoM hI ke samAna zrAvakoM ke liye trikAla sandhyA, (gAyatrI karma aMganyAsAdi karma), kalazAbhiSeka, pratiSThA, pUjA, dAna aura yAtrA ye cha karma aura samyagjJAna samyagdarzana aura samyagcAritra ke pratIka rUpI tIna valaya ke sUtra kI yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane kI anivArya rUpeNa paramAvazyaka prathA prAcArya kundakunda ke dvArA pracalita kI gii| prAcArya zrI kundakunda AcArya zrI jinacandra ke ziSya the isa bAta kI puSTi iMDiyana enTIkyUrI ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM dvArA nirNIta kI gaI nandI saMgha kI paTTAvalI se bhI hotI hai / ukta paTTAvalI meM cauthe prAcArya kA nAma jinacandra aura pAMcaveM prAcArya kA nAma kundakundAcArya ullikhita hai|' isa laghu pustikA meM prAcArya zrI kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM eka sunizcita samvat kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki ve vikrama samvat 770 meM (tadnusAra IsvI san 713 evaM vIra nirvANa samvat 1240) meM hue / isa prakAra kA nizcita samvat kA ullekha AcArya kundakunda ke sambandha meM jaina vAMgmaya meM, zvetAmbara athavA digambara paramparA kI paTTAvaliyoM Adi meM kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra jaina zrAvaka ke liye tIna sUtra kI yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA, trikAla sandhyA, gAyatrI karma, aMganyAsAdi karma, pratiSThA, kalaSAbhiSeka, Adi jinakA ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke prAgamoM athavA Agamika granthoM meM kahIM bhI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA, una saba karmakAMDoM kA brAhmaNa granthoM ke atirikta anyatra kahIM bhI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA, una saba brAhmariNaka karmakAMDoM kA pracalana prAcArya zrI kundakunda ne hI digambara paramparA meM prArambha kiyA, isa bAta kA ullekha bhI spaSTa rUpa se isa laghu pustikA meM hai| isa dRSTi se bhI isa pratiSThA pATha nAmaka hastalikhita pustikA kA eka bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika sthAna hai| digambara evaM zvetAmbara paurANika granthoM meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki aharniza dharmArAdhana meM nirata rahane vAle mAhaNavarga kI pahicAna ke liye bharata cakravartI ne ratna vizeSa se yajJopavIta kI bhAMti kI tIna rekhAeM pratyeka mAharaNa ke dakSiNa skandha se vAma vakSasthala aura vAma pRSThabhAga taka aMkita kara dI thiiN| yajJopavIta jaisA yaha cihna bharata cakravartI ne isa uddezya se kiyA thA ki jo mAharaNa vastutaH dharmArAdhana meM, adhyayana adhyApana meM hI nirata rahate the aura bharata cakravartI 1. (ka) jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pRSTha 136 va 137 (kha) nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI, jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2 pRSTha 754
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________________ aitihAsika tathya 1 [ 27 dvArA isa prakAra ke nitAnta dharmaniSTha mAharaNoM ke liye pradAna kI gaI azana, pAna, AvAsa, paridhAna Adi kI suvidhAoM kA upabhoga dUsare chadma vyakti na kara sakeM / * mAharaNoM ke liye isa prakAra kI vyavasthA bharata cakravartI dvArA kI gaI thI, na ki kisI bhI tIrthaMkara mahAprabhu athavA kisI dharmAcArya dvArA / caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA tIrthaMkara prabhu dvArA kI gaI thI / usameM zrAvaka varga bhI sammilita thA / caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA ke samaya RSabhAdi mahAvIrAnta caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM meM se kisI bhI tIrthaMkara mahAprabhu ne zrAvaka varga ke liye trikAla sandhyA, kalazAbhiSeka, pratiSThA, tIrtha yAtrA athavA yajJopavIta kA vidhAna kiyA ho, isa prakAra kA eka bhI ullekha sampUrNa prAgamika vAMgmaya meM kahIM nAma mAtra ke liye bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI zrAvakoM ne yajJopavIta dhAraNa kiyA ho, isa prakAra kA eka bhI ullekha kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM isa laghu pustikA ke etad viSayaka upari variNata ullekha se yaha Atyantika mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki AcArya zrI kundakunda ne hI digambara paramparA meM yajJopavIta evaM uparyukta chahoM karmoM kA vidhAna kiyA / * isa prakAra AcArya zrI hastimalajI mahArAja dvArA khoja nikAlI gaI isa laghu pustikA se ina aitihAsika tathyoM para prakAza par3atA hai ki AcArya kundakunda IsvI san 713 meM vidyamAna the / ve bhaTTAraka zrI jinacandra ke ziSya the, unhoMne rAmagiri parvata para bAlyAvasthA meM bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke pAsa paMca mahAvratoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura kAlAntara meM inhIM prAcArya zrI kundakunda ne digambara paramparA meM zrAvakoM ke liye yajJopavIta ke sAtha-sAth SaTkarmoM kA pracalana prArambha kiyA / "pratiSThA pATha" nAmaka isa pustikA kA Alekhana Aja se lagabhaga 103 varSa pUrva vikrama samvat 1940 meM paMDita mahipAla dvArA gaNeza nAmaka brAhmaNa se karavAyA gayA / isa prati kA lekhana kisa prAcIna prati ke AdhAra para karavAyA gayA, isa sambandha meM kevala itanA hI ullekha hai "I marajAda pratiSThA huI, so prAgama ke anusAra likhI hai / " isa ullekha se yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki pratiSThA sambandhI prAcIna patroM ke AdhAra para hI sambhavataH isa pustikA kA Alekhana karavAyA gayA hogA / yaha "pratiSThA pATha" nAma kI laghu pustikA sthAna-sthAna para pratizayoktiyoM se protaprota hai, kisI eka pratiSThA para 38 karor3a rupayA kisI dUsarI para 24 karor3a rupayA, to kisI para 16 karor3a rupayA, kisI para 36 karor3a rupayA, kisI para 35 karor3a rupayA Adi vyaya kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / saba milAkara bIsa pratiSThAnoM para lagabhaga sADhe cAra araba rupaye kharca kiye jAne kA isa laghu pustikA meM ullekha hai | AcArya zrI kundakunda dvArA karavAI gaI pratiSThAnoM aura unake tatvAvadhAna meM
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________________ 28 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 tIrthayAtrA ke liye nikAle gaye suvizAla saMgha para jo dhana vyaya huA vaha isa rAzi meM sammilita nahIM hai| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI isameM ullikhita aneka bhaTTArakoM ke nAma aura unakA kAla aitihAsika dRSTi se prAmANika pratIta hotA hai| inake nAma evaM kAla kI puSTi iMDiyana eMTIkyUrI ke AdhAra para taiyAra kI gaI nandI saMgha kI paTTAvalI evaM katipaya zilAlekhoM se bhI hotI hai / isI kAraNa yaha laghu pustikA itihAsavidoM se gahana zodha kI apekSA karatI hai| AzA hai zodhapriya itihAsajJa isa sambandha meM agretana zodha ke mAdhyama se prAcArya kunda-kunda ke samaya evaM unake dvArA zrAvakoM ke liye prArambha kiye gaye yajJopavIta Adi vidhAnoM para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kreNge| isa prakAra ke aneka mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya vismRti ke garbha meM aba bhI chipe par3e haiM / astu / cauthe bhAga meM bhI isI punIta uddezya se vibhinna gacchoM ke pArasparika kalaha, vidveSa evaM liMgAyatoM dvArA jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke viruddha calAye gaye bhISaNa dhArmika abhiyAnoM kA vizad vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| tIsare bhAga meM devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa se uttaravartI 475 varSa kA jainadharma kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai| tIsare bhAga ke prAlekhana hetu kiye gaye zodha kArya se pUrva hamArI yaha dhAraNA thI ki hama tIsare bhAga meM vIra nirvANa samvat 1001 se 2000 taka kA jaina dharma kA itihAsa, jinazAsana ke anuyAyiyoM evaM jaina itihAsa-premiyoM ke samakSa prastuta kara deNge| parantu hama usameM eka hajAra varSa ke sthAna para kevala 475 varSoM kA hI itihAsa, sAmagrI bAhulya ke kAraNa, prastuta kara pAye haiM / zatAbdiyoM se jaina itihAsa ke Alekhana ke sambandha meM prayAsa karane vAle manISiyoM ne samaya-samaya para aneka bAra athaka prayAsa karane ke uparAnta apanA yaha abhimata abhivyakta kara diyA thA ki devaddhi gariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt kA lagabhaga 500, 700 varSa kA itihAsa vismRti ke gahare gahvara meM vilIna ho cukA hai| una manISiyoM kI isI mAnyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hamArA yaha anumAna thA ki hama tIsare bhAga meM vIra nirvANa samvat 1001 se 2000 hajAra taka kA jaina dharma kA eka hajAra varSa kA itihAsa jaina jagat ke sammukha prastuta kara skeNge| para tIsare bhAga ke Alekhana ke upakrama meM jaba aitihAsika tathya ekatrita karane hetu zodha kArya prArambha kiyA gayA to hameM tamilanADu aura karNATaka pradeza meM jaina itihAsa sambandhI itane adhika tathya upalabdha ho gaye ki vIra nirvANa samvat 1001 se 1475 taka kA cAra sau picahattara varSa kA itihAsa likhane meM hI pustaka kA kalevara lagabhaga eka hajAra pRSTha taka pahuMca
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________________ aitihAsika tathya ] [ 26 gyaa| isa para itihAsapremI vijJoM kA yaha abhimata rahA ki eka hajAra pRSThoM se adhika eka pustaka kA kalevara baDhAnA sabhI dRSTiyoM se asuvidhAjanaka rhegaa| vijJoM ke isa parAmarzAnusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 hajAra taka ke itihAsa ko tRtIya bhAga meM sammilita kara lene ke hamAre pUrva saMkalpa ko hameM badalanA par3A aura vIra nirvANa samvat 1475 taka kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke Alekhana ke sAtha hI hameM tRtIya bhAga kI parisamApti kara dene ke liye bAdhya honA pdd'aa| __aba isa itihAsagranthamAlA ke caturtha bhAga meM hama vIra nirvANa samvat 1476 se 2000 varSa taka kA 525 varSa kA jaina dharma kA itihAsa prastuta karane kA prayAsa kreNge| isa avadhi meM bhI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para aneka prakAra ke ghora saMkaTa aaye| dakSiNa meM mukhyataH karNATaka meM rAmAnujAcArya tathA Andhra pradeza va karNATaka meM liMgAyata sampradAya ke abhyudaya, utkarSa aura AkrAmaka krAntikArI pracAra-prasAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharma ko abhUtapUrva kSati uThAnI pdd'ii| Andhra pradeza meM to liMgAyatoM kA jaina dharma aura jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke viruddha yaha prabala abhiyAna vastutaH appara aura jJAna sambandhara dvArA tamilanADu meM kiye gaye jainoM ke sAmUhika saMhAra se bhI atyadhika bhISaNa thaa| tamilanADu meM to tiru appara aura tiru jJAna sambandhara dvArA pracAlita saMhAraka pracAra abhiyAna ke uparAnta bhI zatAbdiyoM pUrva jainoM kI bahusaMkhyaka AbAdI vAle tamilanADu pradeza meM katipaya sahasra tamilabhASA bhASI loga jaina dharma ke anuyAyI ke rUpa meM avaziSTa raha gaye the| kintu Andhra pradeza meM jahAM jainoM kI saMkhyA anya sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM se atyadhika mAnI jAtI thI, vahAM liMgAyatoM ke dvArA prArambha kiye gaye sAmUhika saMhArakArI abhiyAna meM to samUce Andhrapradeza meM vahAM ke eka bhI mUla nivAsI ko jaina nahIM rahane diyA gyaa| - ina saba aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para nirvivAda rUpa se sabhI ko yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki appara jJAna sambandhara rAmAnujAcArya aura liMgAyata sampradAya ke pracAra-prasAra aura usake utkarSa ke pariNAma svarUpa dakSiNa meM jainoM kI saMkhyA karor3oM se ghaTakara katipaya sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM hI avaziSTa raha gii| isa prakAra upari variNata 525 varSa kI avadhi meM jaina saMgha ko, anya sampradAyoM dvArA prArambha kiye gaye AkrAmaka abhiyAnoM ke sAtha-sAtha pArasparika kalaha aura Antarika vaira-virodha aura prAyaH pratyeka gaccha ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA apane se bhinna sabhI gacchoM ko evaM unake prAcAryoM ko na kevala apane se hIna ho apitu jamAlivat niha nava batAne kI pravRtti ke kAraNa bhI atyadhika kSati uThAnI pdd'ii| isa avadhi meM jainadharma ke svarUpa aura caturvidha saMgha ke pracAra-vicAra meM aneka prakAra
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________________ 30 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kI vikRtiyAM utpanna karane vAlI dravya paramparAoM kA bhI pUrNa varcasva rahA, jinakA ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla paramparA ko kSINa, gauNa aura antapravAhinI banAne meM bahuta bar3A hAtha rahA / itihAsa sAkSI hai ki gujarAta ke cAlukyavaMzI rAjA bhImadeva ke rAjyakAla meM dravya paramparAoM kI jananI caityavAsI paramparA kA prabala varcasva thaa| prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekhAnusAra cAlukyavaMzI gurjarezvara bhImadeva ke samakAlIna caityavAsI AcArya govinda sUri kA jaina samAja para ekAdhikAra thaa| zrI govindasUri ke caityAlaya meM nartakiyoM ke nAca Ayojita kiye jAte the| caityAlayoM meM Ayojita kiye jAne vAle nartakiyoM ke vividha vAdya vRndopeta nAca ko dekhane ke lie na kevala rAjamAnya uccAdhikArIgaNa, zreSThivarga aura pramukha prajAjana hI apitu apane Apako suvihita paramparA kA anuyAyI batAne vAle zramaNa bhI bhAga lete rahate the| jaisA ki prabhAvaka caritra ke antargata "zrI sUrAcArya caritam" meM spaSTa ullekha hai : "govinda sUri ke caitya meM kisI parva ke avasara para Ayojita usa samaya kI eka vikhyAta nartakI ke natya ko dekhane ke liye mahArAja bhImadeva ke rAjyAdhikAriyoM ke sAtha-sAtha sUrAcArya bhI gye| nartakI ne jinacaitya meM Ayojita usa nRtya meM apanI ucca koTi kI nRtyakalA kA pradarzana kiyaa| usa nRtya ko dekhakara sabhI darzaka citralikhitavat stabdha raha gye| apanI viziSTa kalA kA pradarzana karane ke anantara surabAlopamA sundara nartakI apanI thakAna miTAne aura pavana ke jhoMkoM se apane mukhamaNDala evaM dehayaSTi ke zramakaNoM ko sukhAne ke liye nRtyakakSa ke dvAra ke pAsa ke eka saMgamaramara patthara ke stambha kA sahArA lekara khar3I ho gii| camacamAte usa prastara stambha ko apane bAhuyugala se AliMgana kara khar3I svedakhinnA nartakI kI vaha mudrA darzakoM ko atyadhika manohara pratIta huii| pramukha darzakoM ne jinacaitya ke svAmI caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya zrI govinda sUri se nivedana kiyA ki isa nayanAbhirAma manamohaka mudrA kA kisI kavi dvArA varNana karavAyA jaay| caityavAsI prAcArya zrI govinda sUri ne usa nRtya samAroha meM upasthita vidvatmaNDalI meM upasthita pratyeka vidvAn kI ora apanI dRSTi daur3AI / antatogatvA unakI dRSTi sUrAcArya ke prazAnta saumya mukha maNDala para jA aTakI / unhoMne sUrAcArya ko Adeza diyA ki ve usa manohAriNI mudrA kA rasabharI kAvyamayI bhASA meM citraNa kreN| Azukavi udbhaTa vidvAn sUrAcArya ne tatkSaNa nimnalikhita zloka dvArA usa Azcarya pradAyinI AhlAda kAriNI mudrA kA hRdayahAriNI zailI meM varNana kiyA : yat kaMkaNAbharaNakomalabAhuvalli, saMgAt kuraMgakazornavayauvanAyAH /
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________________ aitihAsika tathya ] na khidyasi pracalasi pravikampase tvam, tatsatyameva dRzadA nanu nimito'si / / arthAt-kaMkaNAbharaNoM se alaMkRta hariNI ke samAna netroM vAlI anupama rUpa lAvaNya aura navayauvanasampannA sundarI ke ati sukomala subAhuoM ke pAza meM Abaddha hone ke uparAnta bhI he stambha ! na to tujhe pasInA hI AyA hai, na praNayabhare bAhupAza kA uttara dene ke liye tUkincitmAtra bhI calAyamAna huA hai aura na tere andara kisI prakAra kA kAmAvezajanya kampana hI dRSTigocara ho rahA hai / yaha vastutaH bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai, tU pattharahRdaya hai / AkhIrakAra vAstava meM tU patthara se hI to banA huA hai|"" prabhAvaka caritra meM upalabdha isa vivaraNa para vicAra karane ke anantara to asandigdha rUpa se yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki vikrama saMvat 1080 se 1130 taka caityavAsiyoM kA bhArata ke uttara pazcimI bhU-bhAga meM jainadharma saMgha para eka prakAra se ekAdhipatya thA aura vizuddha zramaNa paramparA jainadharma saMgha meM svalpa jana sammata evaM gauraNa banI huI thii| ina saba tathyoM para bhI "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa" nAmaka isa granthamAlA ke prastuta kiye jA rahe isa caturtha bhAga meM vizad rUpa se prakAza DAlA jaaygaa| uparivariNata isI avadhi meM rAmAnuja sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM evaM zaivoM dvArA jaina dharmAvalambiyoM aura unake dhArmika sthAnoM para karNATaka pradeza meM bhISaNa prahAra va atyAcAra kiye jA rahe the| usa saMkaTa kI mahA vinAzakArI ghar3I meM bAdAmI ke cAlukyarAja bukkarAya ne sacce rAjadharma kA pAlana karate hue jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para kiye jA rahe prahAroM se jaina saMgha kI rakSA kara jainoM ke sAtha vaiSNavoM evaM zaivoM kA sammAnAspada samajhautA karavAyA / cAlukyarAja kI yaha dharmanirapekSa nyAyapriyatA, jo saMsAra ke itihAsa meM virala hI upalabdha hotI hai, itihAsa ke pannoM para sadA suvarNAkSaroM meM likhI jAtI rhegii| isa tathya para bhI AlekhyamAna grantha meM yathAsthAna yathAzakya samucita prakAza DAlA jaaygaa| eka anya dRSTi se bhI vikrama samvat 1080 se vikrama samvat 1530 taka kA jaina itihAsa bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa itihAsa hai kyoMki isa avadhi meM kriyoddhAra kI paramparA kA bArambAra punarAvartana huA / ina saba aitihAsika tathyoM ke atirikta uparivariNata avadhi meM AgamAnusAra sAMgopAMga samagra kiyoddhAra ke abhAva athavA 1. prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 152 zloka 16 se 26
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________________ 32 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 apUrNa evaM adhUre kriyoddhAroM ke kriyAnvayana ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharma saMgha meM jo agaNita mAnyatAbheda, gacchabheda utpanna hue aura unake pArasparika kleSa khaNDanamaNDana eka dUsare ke prati kaTu prahAra, azobhanIya vyavahAra Adi ke kAraNa jainasaMgha kI pratiSThA, zakti evaM varcasva meM uttarottara nyUnatA kA krama calA, una saba dukhada prasaMgoM para bhI yathAzakya saMkSepa meM sArabhUta prakAza DAlA jaaygaa| jainasaMgha ke dukhada hrAsa ke mUla kAraNa ina aitihAsika kaTu tathyoM para prakAza DAlane ke pIche hamArI lavalezamAtra bhI yaha bhAvanA nahIM hai ki kisI bhI gaccha vizeSa ko lokadRSTi meM nIcA dikhAyA jaay| hamArI eka mAtra punIta bhAvanA yahI hai ki jinazAsana premI . pratyeka jaina ko jinazAsana ke hrAsa ke mUla kAraNoM se suspaSTa evaM sucAru rUpeNa avagata karA diyA jAya / isa prasaMga meM hama spaSTa rUpa se yaha abhivyakta kara denA cAhate haiM ki apane-apane samaya meM pratyeka gaccha ne dezakAla aura tatkAlIna vibhinna paristhitiyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue jainasaMgha ko eka jIvita saMgha ke rUpa meM zaktizAlI banAne ke lie athaka prayAsa kiye haiN| tRtIya bhAga ke Alekhana ke samaya spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kara diyA gayA hai ki jaina saMgha ke varcasva ko, pracAra-prasAra ko, vyApaka rUpa pradAna karane ke saduddezya se municandra nAmaka eka prAcArya ne eka rAjya kI senAoM kI bAgaDora apane hAtha meM lekara sainya saMcAlana taka kiyA, yApanIya paramparA ke mahAn AcAryoM ne jaina saMgha kI pratiSThA kI abhivRddhi karane ke lakSya se gaMga vaMza jaisI eka zaktizAlI rAjyasattA taka ko janma diyaa| jaina dharma kI poSaka usa rAjya sattA ko sazakta evaM cirasthAyI banAne ke liye unhoMne zAstra meM sAdhu ke liye varjita upadezoM evaM sAma, dAma, daNDa, bhedapUrNa rAjanaitika nirdezoM taka kA sahArA liyaa| prAcArya mAghanandI ke upadezAnusAra kolhApura nRpati gaNDarAditya evaM unake jinazAsana premI sAmanta nimbadeva ne hRdayadrAvaka kUTanIti kA sahArA lekara 777 rAjaputroM, sAmantaputroM, zreSThiputroM, evaM gaNyamAnya zrImanta gRhasthoM ke kizoroM ko sAdhu dharma meM dIkSita karavAkara bhaTTAraka paramparA kI sthApanA meM mAdhanandI prAcArya ko itihAsa meM amara ullekha yogya sahAyatA pradAna kii| yApanIya paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne jana-jana ko jina zAsana kI ora AkarSita karane ke saduddezya se sarvadharma-samanvayavAdI nIti kA evaM prazAstrIya vidhi vidhAnoM, anuSThAnoM, dhArmika AyojanoM kA sahArA lekara aneka prakAra ke kalpoM, mantra-tantra-yantroM kA AviSkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha suvizAla caityoM, jvAlAmAlinI, padmAvatI Adi deviyoM ke mandiroM, vizAla vidyApIThoM, maThoM tathA zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI suvidhA hetu vizAla grAvAsoM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| yApanIya, caityavAsI, bhaTTAraka Adi paramparAoM dvArA kiye gaye upari variNata prakAra ke vividha kAryakalApa yadyapi zravaNa-zramaNI varga ke liye zAstroM meM vajita haiM tathApi unake samaya kI deza kAla kI paristhitiyoM ko dekhate hue unakI ina azAstrIya gati-vidhiyoM ne jaina saMgha ko jIvita rakhane meM bahuta bar3I mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvahana kiyA hai|
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________________ aitihAsika tathya ] jisa prakAra yApanIya saMgha, bhaTTAraka paramparA, caityavAsI paramparA Adi ke nAma se pUrva kAla meM vikhyAta saMghoM ne jina zAsana ke abhyudaya, utthAna ke liye aneka prakAra ke aise kArya kiye jo zAstroM meM paMca mahAvratadhArI zramaNa-zramaNI varga ke liye karaNIya nahIM batAye gaye haiM, ThIka isI prakAra vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke antima do dazaka pUrva prArambha huI AMzika apUrNa athavA asamagra kriyoddhAra kI paramparA ke pariNAmasvarUpa samaya-samaya para jainadharma saMgha meM jitane bhI gaccha astitva meM Aye athavA utpanna hue, una saba meM bhI jinazAsana ke utkarSa ke lakSya evaM caturvidha saMgha ke prAcAra-vicAra meM yathAzakya zAstrAnukUla sudhAra lAne ke liye hI prayAsa kiye gaye / una vibhinna gacchoM ke samaya kI vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke sandarbha meM yadi sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to yahI tathya prakAza meM AvegA ki prAyaH una sabhI gacchoM ne jinazAsana ke gaurava kI abhivRddhi hetu katipaya ullekhanIya kArya kiye / yadi una gacchoM meM apane-apane gaccha ke prati mithyA ahaMbhAva, sAmpradAyika vyAmoha, eka dUsare ko apane se hIna, nIcA evaM mithyAtvI batAne kI aura kevala apane Apako hI sarvazreSTha siddha karane kI pravRtti nahIM hotI to jainadharma saMgha ko gaNanA sAmpratakAlona saMghoM meM eka zaktizAlI dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM kI jaatii| kintu durbhAgyavazAt sthiti isase pUrNataH viparIta rahI, jisakA duSpariNAma Aja hameM spaSTataH dRSTigocara ho rahA hai ki jo jainasaMgha uttara meM himAlaya se lekara dakSiNa meM sAgara ke taTa paryanta ke pradezoM meM aura pUrva meM svarNa bhUmi se lekara pazcima meM araba sAgara ke taTavartI kSetroM meM apane pUrNa varcasva ke sAtha phailA huA thA, vaha simaTate-sikur3ate sImita kSetroM meM eka atyalpa saMkhyaka dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM avaziSTa raha gayA hai / isa tathya se to koI bhI niSpakSa manISI asahamata nahIM hogA ki choTI-choTI aneka ikAiyoM meM vibhakta ho jAne aura una choTI-choTI ikAiyoM meM bhI pArasparika vidveSa, kalaha, eka dUsare ko nIcA dikhAne kI pravatti ke ghara kara jAne ke kAraNa hI jainadharma kI bar3I bhayaMkara kSati huI / kisI samaya bhArata meM bahu saMkhyaka ke rUpa meM rahe jaina Aja ke yuga meM atyalpa saMkhyA meM avaziSTa raha gye| itihAsa vastutaH kisI bhI deza, dharma, rASTra, samAja, jAti evaM vyakti ke liye unake apane apane atIta ko pratyakSa kI bhAMti dikhAne vAlA eka adbhuta darpaNa hai / isa itihAsa-darpaNa meM deza, jAti, dharma aura samAja ke karNadhAra apane-apane atIta ko bhalI-bhAMti dekha sakate haiM / itihAsa-darpaNa meM apane atIta ke paryavekSaNa se pratyeka vyakti ko sahaja hI suspaSTa rUpa se pratyakSa kI bhAMti bodha ho jAtA hai ki usane kahAM-kahAM kisa-kisa prakAra kI truTiyA~ kI haiM, una truTiyoM ke kAraNa ati durbhAgyapUrNa bhayaMkara kSati uThAI hai aura kahAM-kahAM apanI truTiyoM ko sudhAra kara usane pragati kI ora caraNa bar3hAye haiN| prastuta kiye jA rahe isa caturtha bhAga meM jainadharma ke vibhinna pramukha gacchoM kA ekamAtra isI dRSTi se itivRtta diyA jA rahA hai ki pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI apane
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________________ 34 ]. . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 atIta ke itihAsa ko pratyakSa kI bhAMti isa itihAsa darpaNa meM dekhakara pUrNa rUpa se sajaga aura sakriya ho jAya / jina bhUtakAla kI bhUloM ke kAraNa saMgha meM bikharAva kI prakriyA prAraMbha huI, saMgha vighaTita hote hote eka sImita kSetra meM saMkucita ho gayA, una saba bhUloM ko mUlataH vinaSTa karane ke liye vaha sacce mana se kaTibaddha ho jAya / atIta meM dharma saMgha ke abhyudaya aura utkarSa hetu pUrvajoM dvArA jo jo krAntikArI kadama uThAye gaye unase pratyeka jaina bhalIbhAMti avagata ho, pragati kI ora bar3he, una pUrvajoM ke pada-cinhoM para sAmUhika rUpa se prayANa karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara le| atIta meM jinezvara kI zAstroM meM pratipAdita AjJA ke viparIta jina jina azAstrIya mAnyatAoM, vidhi-vidhAnoM, dhArmika AyojanoM evaM anuSThAnoM ko catuvidha saMgha ke liye karaNIya rUpa meM, dhArmika kRtyoM ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kara unheM apanI Avazyaka dainika caryA meM kriyAnvita kiyA gayA aura jinake kAraNa zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA prabala zaktizAlI sudRr3ha saMgha vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta hokara vighaTita evaM choTe-choTe Tukar3oM meM chinna-bhinna hokara bikhara gayA, atIva azakta tathA kSINa bana gayA, una saba azAstrIya mAnyatAoM ko eka hI jhaTake meM ukhAr3akara pheMkane ke liye pratyeka jaina, caturvidha saMgha kA pratyeka sadasya dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha kaTibaddha ho jAya / ina saba atIta kI bhUloM evaM gacchoM meM parAkASThA taka pahu~ce pArasparika kalahoM, vivAdoM, vidveSoM Adi para yathAtathya rUpeNa prakAza DAlane ke pIche bhI hamArI yahI ekamAtra punIta bhAvanA hai ki atIta meM huI una bhUloM kA bhaviSya meM kadApi kisI bhI rUpa meM punarAvartana na ho| bhUtakAla kI una bhUloM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo vighaTanakArI burAiyAM hamAre dharmasaMgha meM praviSTa ho gaharAI taka ghara kara cukI haiM, una burAiyoM se samAja ko, dharmasaMgha ko sadA ke liye mukti dilAne hetu sabhI prakAra ke sAmpradAyika vyAmohoM ko jalAMjali de sabhI bhAMti ke kadAgrahapUrNa pUrvAbhinivezoM se pUrNataH vimukta ho, una saba burAiyoM ko dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha dUra karanA hogaa| bhUtakAla kI bhUloM se avagata ho jAne ke anantara bhI yadi usa prakAra kI bhUleM bhaviSya meM na hoM, isa prakAra kA dRr3ha saMkalpa na kiyA jAya aura jina bhUloM athavA burAiyoM ke kAraNa dharmasaMgha, samAja athavA kisI deza ko jo hAniyAM uThAnI par3I haiM, unase bacane ke liye yadi una burAiyoM ko dUra na kiyA jAya to yaha itihAsa-darpaNa kA doSa nahIM, usameM apane mukhar3e ko dekhane vAle saMghanAyakoM evaM rASTranAyakoM kA hI doSa mAnA jAyagA / __isI granthamAlA ke tRtIya puSpa meM bhArata ke do zaktizAlI rAjAoM ke thothe ahaM aura unake ahamaka mantriyoM kI adUradarzitApUrNa bhUla ke kAraNa bhArata jaise mahAn rASTra ko jo apUraNIya kSati uThAnI par3I, usa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / IsvI san 637. ke AsapAsa kannauja ke mahArAjA harSavarddhana kI mRtyu ke 53 varSa pazcAt kannauja ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna hone vAle mahArAjA yazovarmana
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________________ aitihAsika tathya ] [ 35 (rAjyakAla IsvI san 700 se 740) aura kAzmIra ke mahArAjA lalitAditya (rAjyakAla IsvI san lagabhaga 724 se 760) apane samaya ke do mahAn zaktizAlI rAjA the| yazovarmana ne dakSiNI samudra se lekara uttara meM kAzmIra rAjya kI dakSiNI sImAoM taka apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| udhara kAzmIra kA mahArAjA lalitAditya bhI bar3A zauryazAlI aura sAhasI rAjA thaa| IsvI san 721 ke . AsapAsa jaba araba loga vizAla bhArata deza ko islAmI rAjya banAne ke uddezya se sarvaprathama sindha kI ora aura tadanantara kAzmIra kI ora bar3hane lage, usa samaya kannauja ke rAjA yazovarmana ne sindha meM bar3hatI huI araba senAoM para AkramaNa kara unheM parAsta kiyaa| tadanantara kAzmIra kI ora bar3hatI huI araboM kI vizAla senA ko kAzmIrarAja lalitAditya ne Age bar3hane se rokA aura yazovarmana kI sahAyatA se araboM ko pIche kI ora dhakela diyaa| mahArAjA yazovarmana aura lalitAditya, ina donoM ne IsvI san 721 ke AsapAsa hI sambhavataH araboM ke AkramaNa ke kucha samaya pUrva cIna ke samrATa ko apane dUta bhejakara nivedana kiyA ki araboM ke dabAva ko rokane ke liye samrAT unakI sainika sahAyatA kare / cIna ke samrATa kI ora se kisI prakAra kI sahAyatA upalabdha na hone para bhI ina donoM zaktizAlI rAjAoM ne bhArata kI ora bar3hatI huI araboM kI senAoM ko yuddha meM parAsta kara pIche kI ora lauTane ke liye bAdhya kara diyaa| kAzmIra ke prasiddha itihAsajJa rAjakavi kalhaNa ne apane aitihAsika mahattva ke grantha rAjataraMgiNI meM likhA hai ki ina donoM rAjAoM ke bIca paraspara manomAlinya bar3hate-bar3hate saMgharSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara gyaa| saMgharSa ko ugra hote dekha donoM rAjAoM ne sandhi karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| tadanusAra sandhi-patra kA Alekhana bhI kara liyA gyaa| parantu "yazovarmana aura lalitAditya ke bIca zAnti sandhi"-sandhipatra ke isa zIrSaka ko dekhakara kAzmIrarAja lalitAditya ke sAMdhivigrahika mantrI ne apane svAmI se pUrva yazovarmana ke nAma ke likhe jAne para Apatti kii| donoM pakSoM meM se koI bhI pakSa apane svAmI kA nAma dUsare sthAna para rakhane ke liye sahamata nahIM huaa| pariNAmasvarUpa na kevala sandhi hI hote hote ruka gaI apitu do rAjyoM ke mantriyoM kI ahamakatA aura do rAjAoM ke adUradarzitApUrNa thothe ahaM ke pariNAmasvarUpa una donoM rAjAoM meM bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| jo zakti araba AtatAiyoM ko sadA ke liye parAsta karane meM laganI cAhiye thI vaha zakti eka dUsare ko samApta karane meM hI naSTa-bhraSTa ho gii| isa itihAsa granthamAlA ke tRtIya puSpa meM isa durbhAgyapUrNa ghaTanA ke sandarbha meM likhA gayA hai : "isa prakAra bhArata ko eka ajeya zaktizAlI rASTra banAne kA svapna asamaya meM hI TUTa gyaa| yaha bhArata ke liye bar3I durbhAgyapUrNa ghaTanA thI ki 1. janadharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 3 pRSTha 623/624
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________________ 36 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 do rAjAoM ke thothe ahaM aura una rAjAoM ke ahamaka mantriyoM kI adUradarzitA ke kAraNa bhArata kI jo senAeM Ane vAle dinoM meM deza kI rakSA ke liye kAma meM AtIM, vaha paraspara hI lar3a-bhir3akara naSTa athavA azakta ho gii|" isa prakAra tRtIya bhAga meM do rAjAoM kI bhUla aura unake ahamaka mantriyoM kI adUradarzitA para jo prakAza DAlA gayA hai, vaha kisI zAsaka ko nIcA dikhAne ke uddezya se nahIM, kintu bhArata ke bhAvI karNadhAra bhUta kI isa bhUla se bhaviSya meM sadA zikSA lete raheM, isI uddezya se isa ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / rAjanaitika kSetra meM do adUradarzI rAjAnoM dvArA kI gaI adUradarzitApUrNa bhUla athavA truTi ke samAna hI dhArmika kSetra meM dharmasaMgha ke agraNiyoM dvArA jo jo bhUleM kI gaIM, unakA digdarzana tRtIya bhAga meM isI uddezya se kiyA gayA hai ki atIta meM caturvidha saMgha ke karNadhAroM, nAyakoM athavA sadasyoM ne jisa prakAra kI bhUleM kI haiM, zAstrAjJA kI avahelanA kara azAstrIya mAnyatAoM ko prazraya dekara dharmasaMgha ko vighaTana kI ora Dhakelane kI bhUla kI hai, usa prakAra kI bhUta meM huI bhUloM kI / bhaviSya meM punaH kabhI punarAvRtti na ho| jisa avadhi kA itihAsa AlekhyamAna caturtha bhAga meM diyA jA rahA hai, usa avadhi meM bhI duSSamA doSavazAt dharmasaMgha ke agraNiyoM, karNadhAroM, nAyakoM evaM unake anuyAyiyoM athavA upAsakoM dvArA vighaTana, patana kI ora dhakelane vAlI jJAta ajJAta avasthA meM bhUleM huI haiM, unakA digdarzana prastuta bhAga meM pUrNa saMyama ke sAtha, ati vinamra zailI meM kiyA jaayegaa| upari likhita avadhi meM bhUleM huI haiM isa tathya ko koI bhI vijJa asvIkAra nahIM kara sakatA / zAstrIya vizuddha paramparA kI tIrtha pravartana kAla se calI A rahI pUrNa adhyAtmaparaka mAnyatAoM ke sthAna para aneka dravya paramparAoM dvArA bhautikatA-pradhAna aisI mAnyatAeM bhI jainadharma saMgha meM pracAlita evaM prarUr3ha kI gaI haiM, jo jinAjJA se viparIta aura Agama-pratipAdita saMskRti ko miTAne vAlI haiM, isa tathya se koI inkAra nahIM kara sktaa| kyoMki una Agama viruddha mAnyatAoM evaM vighaTanakArI bhUloM kI sAkSI dene vAlI saiMkar3oM paraspara virodhI mAnyatAoM, saiMkar3oM gacchoM, matoM, paramparAoM, choTI bar3I saiMkar3oM ikAiyoM ke ullekhoM se ukta avadhi kA jaina vAMgmaya bharA par3A hai| gacchoM dvArA paraspara eka dUsare kA kaTutara hI nahIM balki kaTutama zabdoM meM khaNDana-maNDana karane vAle evaM apane pratipakSI ko azobhanIya aziSTa bhASA meM abhihita karane vAle vibhinna gacchoM ke mudrita evaM amudrita grantha Aja bhI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM upalabdha hote haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parama pavitra evaM vizva kalyANakArI dharma saMgha ko isa prakAra kI chinna-bhinna, bikharI huI, paraspara virodhI, vighaTita avasthA meM pahuMcAne vAle ve vibhinna gaccha, saMgha evaM sampradAya hI haiM, jinhoMne AgamoM ke sthAna para devaddhigaNi
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________________ aitihAsika tathya J [ 37 kSamAzramaraNa ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt arthAt pUrva-jJAna ke vilupta ho jAne ke anantara AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM dvArA nirmita granthoM, niyuktiyoM bhASyoM, cUriyoM aura vRttiyoM ko AgamoM ke samakakSa aura aneka prasaMgoM para to AAgamoM se bhI adhika prAmANika siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / eka sabase bar3I Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki vibhinna gacchoM ke udbhava, vibhinna mAnyatAoM ke pracalana aura una gacchoM evaM paramparAtroM meM uttarottara bar3hate hue pArasparika vidveSa ke kAla meM vibhinna gacchoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA nirmita khaNDana-maNDanAtmaka granthoM meM apane-apane gaccha ko apanI-apanI paramparA va apanI-apanI mAnyatA ko hI sarvathA satya, sabase zreSTha evaM anya saba gacchoM, paramparAoM Adi kI mAnyatAoM ko asatya, mithyA, pratIrtha, tIrthabAhya aura nikRSTa batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / apane-apane pakSa ko sarvazreSTha siddha karane ke prayAsa meM prAya: una sabhI vidvAnoM ne AgamoM ke nahIM, apitu zrAgametara granthoM ke uddharaNa evaM pramAraNAdi prastuta kiye haiM / ina gacchoM meM se pratyeka gaccha ke prAyaH pratyeka vidvAn ne kevala apane pakSa ko hI satya aura dUsare pakSoM ko mithyA evaM kadAgrahapUrNa siddha karane meM kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rakkhI hai / isa prakAra ke tathyAtathya kA nirNaya karane meM vItarAga, sarvajJa-sarvadarzI jinezvara mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa evaM gaNadharoM dvArA grathita AgamoM se itara anya koI sakSama nahIM ho sakatA, isa tathya kI ora una vidvAnoM ne koI dhyAna nahIM diyA / vidvAnoM dvArA isa prakAra kI sthiti utpanna kara diye jAne kA duSpariNAma yaha huA ki Aja zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha vibhinna ikAiyoM meM vibhakta hokara vighaTita chinna-bhinna evaM azaktAvasthA meM pahuMca gayA hai / I upari varita ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para hastAmalakavat spaSTataH yahI pratibhAsita hotA hai ki Arya devagiriNa kSamAzramaraNa ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt jitanI bhI dravya paramparAoM kA janma huA, unakI nIMva na kevala anAgamika hI apitu nitAnta Agama virodhI mAnyatAoM kI AdhArazilA para rakhI gaI thI / caityavAsI, bhaTTAraka, zrI pUjya Adi jitanI bhI dravya paramparAeM astitva meM AIM, una sabakA udbhava, pracAra, prasAra, utkarSa yaha saba kucha sarvajJa praraNIta AgamoM ke AdhAra para nahIM apitu una dravyaparamparAoM ke sUtradhAroM dvArA paristhitivaza lokapravAha ke AdhAra para nirmita pratiSThA vidhi, jina pratimAdhikAra jaise granthoM evaM niyuktiyoM, cUriyoM, avacUrNiyoM, vRttiyoM athavA bhASyoM Adi ke anAgamika ullekhoM ke AdhAra para huA / jaina sAhitya meM vikAroM kA bIjAropaNa devagiriNa kSamAzramaraNa ke uttaravartI kAla meM isa prakAra ke granthoM kI anAgamika mAnyatAoM ke prabala pracAra-prasAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa evaM catuvidha saMgha ke bahusaMkhyaka sadasyoM meM una mAnyatAoM ke rUr3ha ho jAne ke phalasvarUpa hI huA / devagiriNa kSamAzramaNa kI vidyamAnatA
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________________ 38 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 arthAt vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 taka kevala AgamoM kA hI jinazAsana meM sarvopari sthAna thA kintu vIra nirvANa kI sahasrAbdi ke uttaravartI kAla meM AgamoM ke samAna hI niyukti, cUNi, vRtti aura bhASya ko bhI parama prAmANika mAne jAne kA krama claa| jyoM-jyoM yaha krama bar3hA, tyoM-tyoM mAnyatA bheda, matAgraha aura vibhinna ikAiyoM ke rUpa meM gacchabheda bhI vRddhigata hone lgaa| apane-apane gaccha kI pRthak pahicAna athavA pRthak astitva ke aucitya kI jana-mAnasa para chApa aMkita karane ke abhiprAya se uSNodaka, prAsuka (nirdoSa) zItodaka, maladhAraNa, sAdhu dvArA sacitta jala, puSpa Adi se jinapratimA kA pUjana, pratimA kI kevala sAdhu dvArA hI pratiSThA athavA kevala zrAvaka dvArA hI pratimA kI pratiSThA kiye jAne, pratiSThA paddhati meM matAgraha, mata vaibhinya, haThAgraha Adi aneka choTe bar3e praznoM ko lekara gacchoM meM pArasparika kaTutA, vidveSa, vivAda evaM kalaha kA prasAra prabala vega se ugra rUpa dhAraNa karane lgaa| prAyazaH pratyeka gaccha ke anuyAyI apane se bhinna gaccha vAloM kI'jamAlyanvaya' 'ninhava' 'atIthika' 'tIrthabAhya' 'mithyA dRSTi' Adi kaTutama sambodhanoM se AlocanA-nindA karane lge| eka dUsare gaccha ko lokadRSTi se girAne hetu khaNDanAtmaka granthoM kI racanA kI gaI, paraspara khaNDanAtmaka ina granthoM ko dekhane se pratyeka vijJa sahaja hI anumAna lagA sakatA hai ki vibhinna gacchoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne jaba lekhanI dvArA paraspara eka dUsare ke prati isa prakAra viSa vamana kiyA hai to maukhika rUpa se to garala vamana kI parAkASThA ko pAra karane meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rakhI hogii|' . isa prakAra samabhAva, saha-astitva aura vizva bandhutva ke siddhAntoM kA na kevala prabala pakSapAtI, apitu janmadAtA jaina saMgha abhinivezapUrNa matAgraha ke pariraNAmasvarUpa IrSyA, dveSa, asahiSNutA aura kalaha kA kendrasthala bana gyaa| sambhavataH isI prakAra kI durlakSyapUrNa duHkhada sthiti se prapIr3ita eka manISI mahApuruSa ke antarhada se ye zokodgAra sahaja hI sahasA udgata ho uThe : "AgAravartiSu yatiSvapi hanta khedastenAzvabhUdihatamAM gaNagacchabhedaH // 18 // tasmAtsvapakSa-parirakSaNavardhanAyA' haMkAritApi jagatAM hRdaye'bhyupAyAt / anyatra tena vicikitsanamapyakAri satyAdapeta paratAzanakairadhAri // 16 // tasmAdurAgrahavatIrSaNazIlatApi, anyonyataH kalahakAritayA sadApi evaM mitho hatitayA balahA nito naH kSetre babhUva duritasya hi sambhavo hA / / 20 / / .
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________________ aitihAsika tathya ] [ 36 dharmaH samastajanatAhitakAri vastu yadbAhyaDambaramatItya sdntrstu| tasmAdanekavidharUpamadAyi lokaiyasminvilipyata upetya satAM mano'kaiH // 21 // bimbArcanaM ca gRhiNo'pi niSedhayanti, kecitpare tu yataye'pi vizeSayanti / tasmai sadanduvasanAdyapi kecanAhuH, nAnyo'bhiSecanavidhAvapi labdhabAhuH / / 22 / / yaH kSatriyezvaravaraiH paridhAraNIyaH sArvatvamAvahati yazca kilAnaraNIyaH / savAgato'sti vaNijAmahahAya haste, vaizyatvameva hRdayena sarantyadaste // 26 // yeSAM vibhinnavipariNatvamananyakarma, . svasyopayoga paratoddharaNAya marma / / no cetpunastu nikhilAtmasu tulyameva, dharma jagAda na vadhaM jinarAjadevaH / / ' arthAt-"atyanta duHkha kI bAta hai ki gRhasthoM aura muniyoM meM bhI gaNagaccha ke bheda ne sthAna prApta kiyA aura eka jainadharma aneka gaNagaccha ke bhedoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| . gaNagaccha bheda kI utpatti ke pariNAmasvarUpa apane-apane pakSa kI mAnyatAoM ke parirakSaNa evaM parivarddhana kA ahaMbhAva athavA vyAmoha pratyeka pakSa meM prakaTa huA / isa vyAmoha ke vazIbhUta pratyeka pakSa apanI mAnyatAoM ko sarvazreSTha aura anya sabhI pakSoM kI mAnyatAoM ko hIna mAnakara para pakSa se glAni-ghRNA karane lgaa| isa prakAra loga zanaiH zanaiH satya se dUra hote gye| gaNagacchabheda ke phalasvarUpa jainadharmAnuyAyiyoM meM durAgrahapUrNa IrSyA aura pArasparika kalahakAritA kA prAbalya bar3ha gyaa| isa antarkalaha ke pariNAmasvarUpa jainasaMgha kI zakti kSINa ho gaI aura isa balahAni ke kAraNa hamAre yahAM aneka prakAra kI burAiyAM utpanna ho giiN| jo jaina dharma vizva ke prANimAtra kA parama hitakArI mitra, sabhI prakAra ke bAhyADambaroM se rahita vizuddha AdhyAtmika vastu hai, Atmadharma hai, usa patita pAvana parama punIta jainadharma ko bhI logoM ne aneka prakAra ke ADambarapUrNa bAhyarUpa pradAna kara diye, jinake cakra meM par3akara athavA phaMsakara satpuruSoM kA mana bhI vibhinna prakAra ke saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vilipta rahane lgaa| 1. vIrodaya kAvya-di. muni zrI jJAna sAgara jI ma. .
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________________ r w' [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kitane hI loga gRhasthoM ke lie bhI pratimApUjana kA niSedha karate haiM to katipaya loga muniyoM ke lie bhI pratimApUjana kI AvazyakatA batalAte haiN| kitane hI loga vItarAga prabhu kI mUrti ko bhI vastrAbhUSaNAdi pahanAnA Avazyaka mAnate haiM to kitane hI loga mUrti kA abhiSeka Adi karanA anAvazyaka batAkara mUtipUjA kA niSedha karate haiN| jo jainadharma bharatAdi uttama kSatriya rAjarAjezvaroM ke dvArA dhAraNa karane yogya thA aura jo apanI vizvakalyANakAriNI nirdoSa pravRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa sArvabhauma vizvadharma thA, vahI jainadharma Aja vyApAra karane vAle una vaizyoM ke hAtha meM A gayA hai, jo dharma ke viSaya meM bhI antarmana se vaNika vRtti kA anusaraNa kara rahe haiM, arthAt apanI vastu ko kharI aura dUsaroM kI vastu ko khoTI batAne kI apanI variNaka vRtti ko dharma ke sambandha meM bhI akSarazaH caritArtha kara rahe haiN| apanI-apanI alaga-thalaga dUkAna lagAnA hI jinakA eka mAtra kArya hai aura anyoM kI tulanA meM apanA nirAlA zreSThatva prakaTa kara apanI upayogitA siddha karanA hI jinakA dharma hai, aise vaizyoM ke hAthoM meM Akara yadi yaha vizvadharma Aja aneka gaNagaccha Adi ke bhedoM meM vibhakta ho rahA hai, to isameM Azcarya hI kyA hai| zrI jinarAja deva ne to samasta jIvoM meM samAna bhAva se jIvarakSA ko hI dharma kahA hai, jIvaghAta ko nhiiN|" / isa prakAra kI durbhAgyapUrNa dayanIya sthiti ke prAdurbhAva, prasAra evaM prAbalya ke pIche sabase bar3A pramukha kAraNa yahI rahA hai ki antima pUrvadhara Arya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaraNa ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt zramaNAcAra meM zithilAcAra kA sUtrapAta karane vAle jina zithilAcArI zramaNoM evaM zramaNiyoM ne na kevala svayaM hI zithilAcAra kA Azraya liyA apitu duSSama prAraka kathavA kalikAla kI duhAI dekara samasta zramaNa va zramaNI varga ke lie zithilAcAra ko samayocita evaM nirdoSa batAkara khullamakhullA kriyAzaithilya ko prazraya de, usakA prabala pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| una zramaNa-zramariNayoM ko bhI kevala unake veSa kA lihAja kara, unake mAtra veSa ko mahattva dekara prArambha meM svalpa saMkhyaka aura Age calakara bahusaMkhyaka jaina saMgha ne apanA pUjya mAnA, sAdhu ke guNoM kA nitAnta abhAva hone para bhI unheM sAdhu ke samAna samAdara diyaa| devaddhi se uttarakAlIna jaina vAMgmaya ke adhyayana se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki jaina saMgha kA bahuta bar3A bhAga zithilAcAra ke pravartakoM dvArA mAno maMtramugdha kiM vA grahagrasta kI bhAMti vyAmohita kara diyA gayA thaa| dUragAmI bhayAvaha duSpiriNAmoM kI ora lavaleza mAtra bhI dhyAna na dekara tatkAlIna bahusaMkhyaka jainasaMgha ne una zithilAcAragrasta caityavAsiyoM ke pratyeka Adeza ko zirodhArya kara unake dvArA pAviSkRta evaM pracAlita agaNita anAgamika mAnyatAoM ko mAnya kara liyaa| una Agamaviruddha mAnyatAoM ko samucita evaM
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________________ aitihAsika tathya j [ 41 tIrthapravartana kAla se hI paramparAgata siddha karane ke lakSya se una caityavAsiyoM ke dharmasaMgha meM vikRtiyoM ke janaka zithilAcAraparAyaNa vidvAn zramaNoM dvArA racita granthoM ko bhI unake Adeza se bahusaMkhyaka jainasaMgha ne Agama tulya hI mAnya kara liyA / isa sabakA aisA durbhAgyapUrNa bhayAvaha duSpariNAma huA ki va kSamAzramaraNa kI vidyamAnatA taka apane mUla prAdhyAtmika svarUpa meM calA A rahA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA parama punIta, patitapAvana dharmasaMgha agaNita vikRtiyoM kA, Agama viruddha mAnyatAoM kA evaM bAhyADambarapUrNa zithilAcAraparAyaNa dravya paramparAoM kA sudRr3ha gar3ha bana gayA / eka mAtra Agama ko hI sarvopari parama prAmANika mAnane ke sthAna para pUrvadhara kAla se uttaravartI kAla ke AcAryoM dvArA nirmita niyuktiyoM, cUNiyoM, bhASyoM, TIkAtroM ke sAtha-sAtha zrAgamasammata siddhAnta se nitAnta pratikUla dravya paramparAnoM, ADambarapUrNa vidhi-vidhAnoM ke paripoSaka pratiSThA paddhati jaise granthoM ko yena-kena prakAreNa spaSTataH AgamoM se bhI adhika prAmANika mAna lene ke pariNAmasvarUpa utpanna hue mAnyatA-bheda, gaccha bheda, pArasparika kalaha Adi kAraNoM se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA sudRr3ha zaktizAlI dharmasaMgha agaNita ikAiyoM meM vibhakta ho chinna-bhinna ho gayA / isa prakAra kI dayanIya sthiti ke daladala se saMgharatha kA uddhAra karane ke punIta lakSya se samaya-samaya para aneka adhyAtmaniSTha mahApuruSoM ne kiyoddhAra kara aneka bAra dharma-krAnti kA zaMkhanAda pUrA / kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra kA catuvidha dharma-saMgha sarvasammati se isa nirNaya para nahIM pahu~ca sakA ki caturvidha dharmasaMgha ke pratyeka sadasya ke liye eka mAtra Agama hI sarvopari, sarvamAnya evaM parama prAmANika haiM, na ki niyukti, cUriMga, bhASya, TIkA evaM pUrvadhara kAla se uttaravartI samaya ke AcAryoM, vidvAnoM dvArA nirmita grantha / isakA yaha artha kadApi na lagAyA jAya ki pUrvadharoM se uttaravartI kAla ke AcAryoM dvArA nirmita granthoM ko sarvathA amAnya samajhA jAya / una granthoM meM AgamoM ko mAnyatAoM ke anusAra, jaina dharma ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke anurUpa jina tathyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, ve to vastutaH Agama ke hI aMga athavA aMza haiM / ve to prAgabhavat jaina mAtra ke lie prAmANika evaM mAnya haiM hI, kintu una granthoM meM jahAM kahIM bhI AgamoM se bhinna athavA AgamoM se nitAnta viparIta mAnyatAoM kA yadi kahIM pratipAdana athavA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai to unakA zrAgama pratipAdita tathyoM ke sAtha tulanAtmaka - vivecanAtmaka dRSTi se vizleSaraNa kara yadi unameM kiMcit mAtra bhI AgamoM se viparIta athavA Agamika bhAvanA se bhinna mAnyatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai to binA kisI abhiniveza ke binA kisI prakAra ke sAmpradAyika vyAmoha ke una granthoM meM pratipAdita Agama viruddha tathyoM ko ekAntataH amAnya evaM aprAmANika ghoSita kara diyA jAnA caahiye| jina vidhi-vidhAnoM, mAnyatAoM kA AgamoM meM iMgita mAtra bhI nahIM hai, ve saba vidhi-vidhAna, ve sabhI mAnyatAeM bhaviSya meM caturvidha
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________________ 42 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 saMgha ke lie, caturvidha saMgha ke pratyeka sadasya ke lie sarvathA amAnya hoMgI, cAhe unakA pratipAdana karane vAlA prAcArya kitanA hI bar3A prabhAvaka prAcArya kyoM na ho| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ko ekatA ke sudRr3ha sUtra meM sucAru rUperaNa Abaddha rakhane vAlA vastutaH yahI ekamAtra amogha sUtra hai ki saMgha meM ekamAtra Agamika mAnyatAeM hI sarvamAnya aura zeSa sabhI anAgamika mAnyatAeM ekAntataH amAnya ghoSita kara dI jaayN| isase bar3hakara anya koI sUtra saMsAra meM nahIM ho sakatA, jo caturvidha saMgha ko ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha rakhane meM sadA ke liye sakSama ho, sthAyI rUpa se sakSama ho| aneka bAra kiye gaye kriyoddhAroM ke uparAnta bhI isa prakAra ke nirvirodha Thosa nirNaya ke abhAva meM jinezvara prabhu ke dharmasaMgha kI sthiti vigat 1500 varSoM se adyAvadhi uttarottara kSINa se kSINatara evaM socanIya hI hotI calI A rahI hai| choTI se choTI mAnyatA se lekara bar3I se bar3I mAnyatA ke sambandha meM uThane vAle vivAda athavA kisI prakAra ke samasyAtmaka prazna ke samAdhAna meM ekamAtra pAgama ko hI antima rUpa se nirNAyaka mAnane ke sthAna para caudahoM pUrvo ke viccheda se uttaravartI kAla ke prAcAryoM dvArA nirmita bhASyoM, pratiSThA-vidhiyoM, caityaparipATiyoM Adi Adi granthoM ko dharmasaMgha ke eka bar3e varga dvArA na kevala prAgamoM ke tulya hI apitu caityavAsiyoM dvArA AviSkRta evaM kAlAntara meM saMgha ke bahuta baDe bhAga meM rUDha haI aneka prakAra kI anAgamika mAnyatAoM ke samarthana meM to AgamoM se bhI adhika prAmANika mAna lene ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mahAn dharmasaMgha ke saMgaThana, zramaNAcAra, zrAvakAcAra evaM vizvakalyANakArI jainadharma ke mUlabhUta vizuddha AdhyAtmika svarUpa meM jo durlakSyapUrNa sthiti huI hai, vaha kisI taTastha vicAraka se chipI nahIM hai| ___ sabase mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatA Aja isa bAta kI hai ki sabhI prakAra ke pUrvAbhinivezoM ko hRdaya se nikAlakara saMgha ko sAmpratakAlIna dayanIya sthiti meM paha~cAne vAlI bhUtakAlIna bhUloM para vicAra kara unakA bIja taka saMgha meM avaziSTa na rahane diyA jAya / taTastha dRSTi se vicAra karane para sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa vyakti ko bhI spaSTataH vidita ho jAyagA ki ina vigata kI bhUloM ko janma dene vAlI sabase bar3I bhUla yaha huI ki ekAdazAMgI meM pratipAdita jainadharma kI mUla mAnyatAoM aura Agamika siddhAntoM kI avahelanA kara Agametara granthoM ko AgamoM ke samakakSa mAnane kI pravRtti zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM Aja se lagabhaga / / hajAra varSa pUrva pracalita ho gii| isa mUla kI bhUla ne choTI-bar3I bhUloM kI eka bahuta bar3I paramparA ko janma diyaa| una bhUloM ke kAraNa hI saMghabheda, gacchabheda, mAnyatA bheda, pArasparika vidveSa, svayaM ke gaccha, svayaM kI mAnyatA, svayaM ke guru,
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________________ aitihAsika tathya ] [ 43 svayaM kI AmnAya, svayaM kI sampradAya aura svayaM ke saMgha ko chor3akara zeSa sabako hIna, asatya, mithyAtvI Adi siddha karane kI pravRtti ne bala pakar3A aura zatAbdiyoM se ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha jainasaMgha meM gacchoM Adi kI uttarottara bar3hatI hI jAne vAlI zRGkhalA kI nirmANa prakriyA kA prAdurbhAva ho gyaa| usa vighaTanakAriNI mUlabhUta saMbase bar3I bhUla aura usakI santati choTIbar3I bhUloM ke pariNAmasvarUpa utpanna hue mAnyatAbhedoM, gacchoM aura gacchoM meM ghara kiye hue vidveSa, kalaha Adi kA yathAtathya rUpa se isa darpaNa tulya itihAsa meM niSpakSa, vAstavika vivaraNa dene kA yahI uddezya hai ki hamArI bhAvI pIr3hI ina AtmaghAtI bhUtakAlIna bhUloM ke sAtha ina saba bhUloM kI jananI eka mAtra Agama ko hI prAmANika nahIM mAnane kI sabase bar3I bhUla ko sudhArane kA prayAsa kre| agara yaha sudhAra kI bhAvanA pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI ke antarmana meM taraMgita ho uThe aura ekamAtra AgamoM tathA AgamAnukUla granthoM ko hI prAmANika mAnakara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ko punaH usake purAtana pratiSThita pada para adhiSThita karane kI ora ekatA ke samaveta ghoSa ke sAtha sAmUhika rUpa se jaina jagat ke caraNa cala par3eM to hama apane prayAsa ko zata-pratizata saphala va sArthaka samajheMge / hameM AzA hI nahIM apitu dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki vigata sudIrgha atIta meM utkarSa athavA apakarSa kI ora bar3he jaina saMgha ke caraNa-cihnoM ko isa itihAsa-darpaNa meM pratyakSavat dekhakara jaina-darzana ke mahAn AdhArastambha bhUta "mittI me savva bhUesu" ke siddhAnta meM AsthA rakhane vAlA pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI apane hI AtmIya svadharmI bandhuoM ke sAtha kI gaI "amittI niya bandhusu" jaisI bhayaMkara bhUla ko sudhArane ke liye dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha kaTibaddha ho vizva bandhu zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vizva-kalyANakArI parama punIta dharmasaMgha ko sarvAdhika zakti sampanna banAkara vizva-zAnti kI sthApanA meM sahabhAgI hogaa| dhArmika krAntiyAM aura bhArata - para muslima rAjya : . bhArata para musalamAna AtatAyiyoM ke jihAda (islAma ke prasArArtha yuddha)paraka AkramaNoM se vyApta vibhISikA, janasaMhAra, lUTamAra evaM balAt sAmUhika dharma-parivartana Adi kA sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM kI bhAMti jaina dharma aura jainadharmAvalambiyoM para bhI bar3A ghAtaka prabhAva pdd'aa| isa prakAra ke AkramaNoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa zatAbdiyoM taka na kevala bhAratIya dharmoM kI pragati hI avaruddha rahI apitu unameM se aneka dharmoM ke astitva taka para aneka bAra ghora saMkaTa aaye| ati purAtana kAla se bhArata ke abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM rahe siMdha pradeza para araboM ke AkramaNa evaM muslima rAjya kI saMsthApanA ke anantara to vahAM jainadharma kA nAma lene vAlA taka
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________________ 44 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 koI avaziSTa nahIM rahA / sarvajJapraraNIta evaM gaNadharoM dvArA grathita jainAgamoM ke ullekhAnusAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM sindha pradeza jaina dharma kA eka sudRr3ha gar3ha thA / sindhu-sauvIra ke nAma se tIrthapravartanakAla meM vikhyAta vizAla evaM zaktizAlI sindha mahArAjya kA rAjA udayana bha0 mahAvIra kA ananya zraddhAniSTha bhakta thA / zramaraNa bha0 mahAvIra apane vizAla ziSya parivAra ke sAtha sindhu- sauvIra kI rAjadhAnI vItabhayA nagarI meM svayaM padhAre the / mahArAjA udAyana ne bha0 mahAvIra ke pramogha upadezoM se prabhAvita ho sindhu- sauvIra kA rAjasiMhAsana chor3a apane ArAdhya prabhu mahAvIra ke pAsa zramaraNa-dharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kI thI / ghora tapazcaraNa evaM dussA dAruraNa upasarga sahana kara zramaNottama udAyana ne vItabhayA nagarI meM hI kevalajJAna - kevaladarzana kI avApti ke sAtha hI janma-jarAmRtyu ke bhavapAza ko kATa kara " yadgatvA na nivartante " - arthAt jahAM jAne ke pazcAt punaH kabhI lauTanA nahIM par3atA, usa mokSadhAma ko prApta kiyA thA / isa prakAra sahasrAbdiyoM taka jainadharma ke sudRr3ha evaM prakhyAta gar3ha ke rUpa meM rahe sindha pradeza meM, araboM ke AkramaNa evaM zAsana ke pazcAt jainadharma kA astitva tirohita ho gayA / isa kAraNa islAma ke abhyudaya, talavAra ke bala para islAma ke prasArArtha vibhinna kAla meM bhArata para musalamAnoM dvArA kiye gaye AkramaNoM aura bhAratIyoM dvArA kiye gaye muslima AtatAyiyoM ke pratirodha kA ati saMkSipta vivaraNa yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / vizva itihAsa ke siMhAvalokana evaM paryavekSaNa se yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki ajJAta sudIrgha atIta meM hI na kevala bhArata apitu vizva ke aneka bhAgoM meM dharma ke nAma para matamatAntarajanya matabheda, sAmAjika bhedabhAva, jAtibheda, U~ca-nIca, viziSTa praviziSTa, vargabheda Adi ke rUpa meM vizvajanIna mAnava samAja meM varga-saMgharSa evaM dhArmika vidveSa ke bIja aMkurita ho cuke the / IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI kA avasAna hote-hote isa prakAra ke vibheda ne ugra hote-hote varga-vidveSa, jAti-vidveSa dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM pArasparika kalaha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / varNa- vidveSa, jAti-pAMti, U~ca-nIca ke ahaM, bAhyADambarapUrNa bhautika karmakANDa, choTI-bar3I jAtiyoM, choTe-bar3e prAyaH sabhI rAjyoM meM sattA hathiyAne kI lipsA se utpanna dezavyApI yuddhonmAda Adi ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhArata kA bahuta bar3A bhAga gRha kalaha kI raMgasthalI - sA bana gayA / bahusaMkhyaka nimna varNa ke logoM ko savargoM dvArA na kevala unake dhArmika evaM sAmAjika adhikAroM se vaMcita kiyA jAne lagA apitu unake sAtha Aye dina savarNoM kA amAnavIya vyavahAra uttarottara abhivRddha hone lagA / Izvara, devI- deva, tIrthasthala, dharmasthAna, veda-vedAMga Adi prArSa granthoM kA adhyayana, dhArmika kAryakalApa - karmakANDa Adi ko savaraNa dvArA apanI hI bapautI banA liyA gayA / nimna-varNa athavA vargoM ke logoM ko ina saba kArya-kalApoM se nitAnta dUra rakhA jAne lagA / vastutaH mAnava samAja ke hI sAdhikArika evaM sampanna kahe jAne
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 45 vAle varga dvArA nimna kahe jAne vAle vipanna athavA abhAva-abhiyogagrasta mAnava samAja ke amAnavIya utpIr3ana ne antardvandva, saMgharSa evaM antaHkalaha ko janma de AryadharA ke janajIvana ko vikSubdha kara azAnta banA diyaa| gAMva-gAMva, nagara-nagara aura prAyaH sabhI rAjyoM tathA prAntoM meM gRhakalaha tulya dayanIya sthiti utpanna ho gaI / sudRr3ha saMghazakti druta gati se kSINa hone lgii| bhArata evaM bhAratavAsiyoM ko isa prakAra kI dayanIya durdazA se, varNa-vargasaMgharSa, gRhakalaha evaM amAnavIya utpIr3ana se mukti dilAne kA bIr3A tiru jJAnasambandhara aura tiru appara nAmaka do zaiva santoM ne utthaayaa| tiru jJAnasambandhara aura tiru appara ne lagabhaga I0 san 610 se 630 ke bIca kI avadhi meM bhArata ke dakSiNApathastha tAmilanADu pradeza ke jana-jana ke samakSa ekezvaravAda kA sandeza prastuta karate hue kahA : "Izvara eka hai, vaha prANimAtra ke liye ziva arthAt kalyANakArI hai| vahI paramezvara ziva mAnavamAtra kA eka mAtra ArAdhya deva aura pitA hai / hama sabhI mAnava usI paramezvara ziva ke putra haiN| vizvakabandhu vizvezvara ziva kI santati hone ke kAraNa sabhI mAnava samAna haiN| mAnava mAnava meM U~ca-nIca, choTe-bar3e kA koI bheda, koI antara na hone ke kAraNa sabhI ko sabhI prakAra ke mAnavIya adhikAra samAna rUpa se prApta hone caahiye|" tiru appara aura jJAnasambandhara ina donoM "samakAlIna zaiva santoM ne varNavihIna, jAtivihIna eka aise ekezvaravAdI samAja ke nirmANa ke liye jana-jana kA AhvAna kiyA, jisameM pratyeka mAnava ko eka hI pitA ke putroM kI bhAMti sAmAjika, dhArmika, nAgarika, zaikSaNika Adi sabhI prakAra ke mAnavIya adhikAra eka rUpatA liye hue samAna rUpa se prApta hoN| mAnava-mAnava ke bIca ina mAnavIya adhikAroM kI dRSTi se kisI bhI prakAra ke antara, bhedabhAva athavA nyUnAdhikya ke liye kahIM koI kisI bhI prakAra kA nAma mAtra kA bhI avakAza usa ekezvaravAda ke upAsaka mAnava samAja meM na rhe| zaiva santoM kA yaha vibhedavihIna ekezvaravAdI zaiva abhiyAna apane udbhava ke sAtha hI sampUrNa tAmilanADu pradeza meM lokapriya ho gyaa| savarNoM dvArA jina logoM ko nimna varNa, nimna varga athavA nimna jAti kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAne lagA thA, unakI saMkhyA savarNoM kI apekSA paryAptarUpeNa adhika thii| unhoMne U~ca-nIca ke bhedabhAva ko samApta kara una saba ko samAna adhikAra, samAna vyavahAra, samAna samAdara pradAna karavAne vAle usa vargabhedavihIna mAnava samAja kI saMracanA karane vAle ekezvaravAdI zaiva abhiyAna ko apane liye IzvarIya varadAna samajha kara usa abhiyAna ko apanA zata-pratizata samarthana pradAna karane ke
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________________ 46 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sAtha-sAtha isake pracAra-prasAra meM sAmUhika rUpeNa apanI pUrI zakti lagA kara pUrNa mana, vacana, kAya yoga se prabala sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| prabala janamata ke sakriya sabala sahayoga ke pariNAmasvarUpa zaiva santa tiru jJAna sambandhara aura jaina santa se zaiva santa bane tiru appara ko apane ekezvaravAdI vibhedavihIna zaiva dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM, svalpatara samaya meM hI AzAtIta saphalatA prApta huI aura unake isa zaiva abhiyAna ne rAjyAzraya prApta hote hI dhArmika krAnti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| tirU jJAnasambandhara ke camatkAroM se prabhAvita ho jaina dharma ke anuyAyI evaM prabala poSaka madurApati pANDyarAja sundara pANDya apara nAma kun pANDya-mAravarmana athavA kubja pANDya ne jaina dharma kA parityAga kara zaiva dharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| ThIka isI samaya meM tirU appara nAmaka eka zaiva mahAsanta (jo IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke antima do dazakoM meM dharmasena nAmaka apane samaya kA eka mahAn prabhAvaka jainAcArya thA aura bar3e-bar3e zaiva santoM ke athaka prayAsoM se jisane jaina dharma kA parityAga kara zaiva dharma aMgIkAra kara liyA thA') kI vRhaspati tulya vAgIzatA evaM preraNApradAyI upadezoM se prabhAvita ho kAMcipati pallavarAja mahendravarmana prathama (I0 san 600-630) ne bhI jaina dharma kA parityAga kara zaiva dharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| apane samaya ke do mahAzaktizAlI rAjAoM (jo usa samaya tAmilanADu pradeza meM jainadharma ke sazakta samarthaka evaM janasaMgha ke sabala stambha mAne jAte the) dvArA jainadharma ke parityAga ke sAtha-sAtha zaivadharma svIkAra kara liye jAne se zaivoM ke utsAha ne apanI parAkASThA ko pAra kara dharmonmAda kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| madurA (dakSiNa mathurA) meM pANDyarAja kunpANDya aura kAncI meM pallavarAja mahendra varmana ke pRSThabala se protsAhita zaivoM dvArA I0 san 610 se 630 ke bIca kI avadhi ke kisI eka hI samaya meM madurA tathA kAncI donoM nagaroM meM aneka sahasra jaina zramaNoM aura bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA, sAmUhika saMhAra ke sAtha-sAtha bala pUrvaka sAmUhika dharma parivartana kiyA gyaa| jina kaTTara jainoM athavA savarNoM vA ekezvaravAdI zaiva dharma se bhinna kisI bhI anya dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne varNa-varga Adi ke bhedavihIna zaiva dharma ke siddhAntoM ko svIkAra karane kI anicchA vyakta kI, unheM tatkAla sAmUhika rUpa se mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA gayA aura mRtyu ke bhaya se bhayabhIta logoM ko sampUrNa tAmilanADu pradeza meM balAt dharmaparivartana ke liye bAdhya kiyA jAne lgaa| rAjyAzraya prApta ho jAne aura prathama prayAsa meM hI isa prakAra kI apratyAzita saphalatAoM ke prApta ho jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa zaivoM kA dharmonmAda isa sImA taka bar3ha gayA ki unhoMne tAmilanADu pradeza ke gAMva-gAMva aura nagara-nagara meM usa samaya pracura mAtrA meM vidyamAna jainoM ke mandiroM, 1. vistAra ke liye dekhiye "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pRSTha 486-466 /
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 47 maThoM, vasadiyoM evaM dhArmika kendroM ko dhUlisAt karane ke sAtha-sAtha jainoM tathA anya dharmAvalambiyoM para nAnA bhAMti ke atyAcAra karane prArambha kara diye / 'tAmilanADu pradeza kA pratyeka nAgarika ekezvara ziva meM pragAr3ha AsthA rakhane vAlA kevala. zaiva dharma kA hI anuyAyI ho, sampUrNa tAmilanADu pradeza meM ekezvaravAdI zaivadharma ke atirikta anya kisI bhI dharma kA astitva taka avaziSTa na rahe, isa prakAra ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha zaivoM ne apane dhArmika abhiyAna ko aura adhika tIvra gati pradAna kii| mAnavatA ko amAnavIya utpIr3anoM se mukti dilAne ke pavitra lakSya se vibhedavihIna abhinava samAja kI saMracanA kA jo abhiyAna prArambha kiyA gayA thA, vaha abhiyAna ekezvara meM AsthA rakhane vAle evaM siddhAnta rUpa meM varga-varNa-vihIna samAja meM yugAdi se hI dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhane vAle jainoM ke liye sampUrNa tAmilanADu pradeza meM vinAza kI vibhISakApUrNa tANDava lIlA prastuta karane vAlA bIbhatsa karAla kAla tulya siddha huA / zaivoM dvArA jainoM para kiye gaye una romAMcaka atyAcAroM kI sAkSI dene vAle periyapurANa ke ullekha evaM uttarI prATi jile ke tiruvattUra aura madurA ke mInAkSI mandira kI-bhittiyoM para citrita bhitticitra pAThakoM tathA darzakoM ke mana evaM mastiSka ko.Aja bhI haThAt jhakajhora DAlate haiN|' yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki zaiva abhiyAna ke pramukha lakSya-jAti, varNa, varga Adi vibhedavihIna samAja kI saMracanA kA jahAM taka prazna thA, zaivoM ko jainoM evaM bauddhoM ke sAtha saMgharSa meM utarane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thii| jahAM taka siddhAntoM kA prazna hai zaivoM ko jainoM evaM bauddhoM ke sAtha saMgharSa meM utarane ke liye kahIM koI avakAza hI nahIM thaa| kyoMki jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma ke siddhAntoM meM mUlataH inake prArambhika kAla se hI binA kisI prakAra ke jAti-pAMti athavA UMcanIca ke bhedabhAva ke, mAnavamAtra ko samAna dhArmika adhikAra pradatta haiN| isa prakAra kI sthiti ke rahate hue bhI zaivoM dvArA jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM evaM bauddhoM ke viruddha viplavakArI saMgharSa cher3e jAne aura zramaNoM tathA bauddha bhikSutroM ke prati janamAnasa ko gharaNA se otaprota karane ke nimnalikhita tIna aise prabala kAraNa the; jinake pariNAmasvarUpa unheM apane abhinava abhiyAna ke hita ko dRSTigata rakhate hue ina donoM dharmoM evaM dharmAvalambiyoM ke viruddha saMgharSa cher3anA na kevala paramAvazyaka hI apitu anivArya sA pratIta huA : 1. IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke anta athavA sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama-dvitIya dazaka taka jainoM evaM bauddhoM ke dharmasaMgha dakSiNa bhArata ke sarvAdhika zaktizAlI dharmasaMgha gine-mAne jAte the| usa samaya taka mukhyataH jaina dharma dakSiNApatha kA rAjamAnya evaM bahujanasammata dharma mAnA jAtA thaa| 1. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3 pRSTha 478-481 /
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________________ 48 . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- bhAga 4 2. 'periyapurANa', 'zramaNasaMhAracaritam' Adi zaiva granthoM ke ullekhAnusAra dakSiNApatha ke rAjA, mantrI, bar3e-bar3e rAjyAdhikArI, vyApArI, gaNya-mAnya janAgraNI tathA adhikAMza prajAjana jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the| kArakala kI pahAr3I para avasthita bAhubalI kI mUrti para uTaiMkita zilAlekha para apane zodhapUrNa lekha meM labdhapratiSTha purAtattvavettA vidvAn e. sI. baranela (ema.sI. esa. esa. Ara. e. esa.) ne dakSiNApatha meM jainoM kI vipula saMkhyA ke viSaya meM prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai : "There is every reason to believe that the Jains were for long the most numerous and most influential sect in the Madras Presidency,"1 arthAt-"isa bAta kA vizvAsa karane ke sabhI prakAra ke puSTa kAraNa haiM ki sampUrNa madrAsa pradeza meM purAtana kAla se hI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA samagra madrAsa pAhAte (pradeza) para atyadhika prabhAvapUrNa varcasva thaa|" ___ tAmilanADu pradeza (madrAsa presiDensI) meM jaina dharma tathA jainadharmAvalambiyoM kA astitva taka miTA dene ke saMkalpa ke sAtha zaivoM dvArA prArambha kiye gaye raktapAtapUrNa bIbhatsa abhiyAna ke sampanna ho jAne ke lagabhaga 800 varSa pazcAt liMgAyatoM dvArA Andhra evaM karnATaka pradezoM meM jainoM kA cihna taka miTA DAlane ke lakSya se prArambha kiyA gayA abhiyAna vastutaH IsA kI sAtavIM zatI ke prathama caraNa meM tAmilanADa ke zaivoM dvArA kiye gaye zaiva abhiyAna kI apekSA atyadhika vyApaka tathA bhayAnaka khUnI abhiyAna thaa| liMgAyatoM ke usa abhiyAna se pUrva dakSiNa meM jainadharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlate hue apane samaya ke mUrdhanya itihAsavid zrI e. esa. altekara (ema. e. ela-ela. bI., DI liTa) ne liMgAyatI sAhitya ke AdhAra para apanA abhimata nimnalikhita rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai : ___..."kintu dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma ko rAjAmoM kA vyApaka prabhAvakArI saMrakSaNa prApta hotA rahA / jaina dharma ke dakSiNApatha ke itihAsa meM vaha samaya jainadharma ke pallavana kA vastutaH bar3A hI ujjvala samaya thaa| usa samaya jainadharma kA dakSiNa meM koI prabala pratipakSI nahIM thaa| ataH usa kAlAvadhi meM rAjA aura prajA donoM ke hI sahayoga sahAyya se jainadharma madhyAhna ke sUrya ke samAna camakatA rahA / usa samaya dakSiNa bhArata meM jainoM kI saMkhyA vahAM kI sampUrNa jana-saMkhyA kA lagabhaga eka tihAI bhAga thii|"2 1. 2. The Indian Antiquery, Vol. II, page 353-54 History and Culture of the Indian People, Vol. IV. The age of Imperial Kannauj, page 288. published by Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay.
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 46 isase yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki tAmilanAr3a pradeza meM eka lambe samaya taka cale sAmUhika saMhAra, balAt dharmaparivartana Adi ke rUpa meM saMkaTapUrNa daura ke uparAnta bhI dakSiNa meM jainoM kI saMkhyA vahAM kI AbAdI kA eka tihAI bhAga thI / 3. jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI dharmoM meM varNa, jAti athavA U~ca-nIca jaisA koI bhedabhAva siddhAntataH nahIM thA / mAnava mAtra ke lie sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpI caturvidhatIrtha athavA saMgha ke dvAra anAdi kAla se hI khule rakhe gaye the / parama pavitra jaina AgamoM meM isa prakAra ke aneka ullekha adyAvadhi upalabdha haiM ki sudIrgha atIta se lekara zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA taka cANDAla Adi jAtiyoM ke logoM ne zramaraNadharma aMgIkAra kara nara, narendra, deva, devendroM dvArA vandanIya evaM pUjanIya sarvocca sammAnArha pada prApta kiyA / mathurA ke atyanta mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika sthala "kaMkAlI TIle" kI khudAI se prApta hue prAcIna purAtAtvika avazeSoM se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki gaNikAeM taka jaina dharma kI upAsikAe~ thIM aura unhoMne kuSANa vaMzIya videzI rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla meM mathurA ke ati prAcIna bodvastUpa meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyAM taka sthApita kIM / dakSiNApatha ke karNATaka Adi prAntoM meM upalabdha aneka zilAlekhoM se bhI spaSTataH yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki vahAM prAcInakAla meM na kevala rAjA, mahArAjA, brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya Adi savaraNoM ko hI apitu Aja ke yuga meM nimna mAne jAne vAle prAyaH sabhI vargoM ke prajAjanoM ko bhI jainadharma kI ArAdhanA athavA upAsanA kA Aja ke yuga meM savarNa kahe jAne vAle vargoM ke samAna hI binA kisI bhedabhAva ke pUrNa adhikAra thA / jainadharma kI bhAMti bauddha dharma meM bhI jAti-pAMti, varNa Adi ke bhedabhAva ke lie koI sthAna nahIM thA / bauddha dharma ke pravartaka bha0 buddha ne apane bhikSutroM evaM upAsakoM ko sambodhita karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA thA : "he bhikSutroM aura upAsakoM ! jisa prakAra bhinna-bhinna nadiyAM vibhinna sthAnoM se bahatI huI samudra meM jA milatI haiM / jaba taka samudra meM nahIM samA jAtIM tabhI taka unakA gaMgA, yamunA Adi nAma se pRthak rUpa meM astitva rahatA hai / samudra meM mila jAne ke pazcAt unakA koI pRthak astitva avaziSTa nahIM raha jAtA / ThIka usI prakAra tuma loga bhI bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM, bhinna-bhinna kuloM, vaMzoM, jAtiyoM Adi se Akara bauddha saMgha meM sammilita hue ho / samudra meM samAI huI nadiyoM ke samAna aba tumhArA jAti, varNa, vaMza, prAnta Adi ke rUpa meM koI pRthak astitva nahIM, tumhArI aba koI pRthak pahicAna nahIM, aba tuma saba buddhaputra ho / " isa prakAra jaina aura bauddha donoM hI dharmoM meM jAti-pAMti, U~ca-nIca, varNa Adi kA kisI prakAra kA vibheda na hone ke uparAnta bhI aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tAmilanAr3a meM " I0 san 610 se 630 ke bIca athavA Asa-pAsa kI avadhi meM
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________________ 50 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 prArambha hae zaiva abhiyAna ke yuga meM nimna jAti athavA varNa ke nAma se abhihita kiye jAne vAle bahusaMkhyaka prajAjana saMbhavataH apane prati jainoM tathA bauddhoM ke upekSApUrNa athavA udAsInatApUrNa vyavahAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa zanaiH zanaiH jaina evaM bauddha saMgha se udAsIna ho gaye hoM aura apanI isa udAsIna vRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa nimna varNa athavA jAtiyoM ke logoM ne zaiva abhiyAna ke samaya vibhedavihIna ekezvaravAdI abhinava samAja kI saMracanA meM zaivoM ko sakriya sabala sahayoga dete hue jaina dharma evaM bauddha dharma ke viruddha zaiva saMgharSa meM tana-mana se pUrA sahayoga diyA ho, sAmUhika rUpa se eka juTa ho tAmilanADu pradeza se jaina aura bauddha donoM hI dharmoM kA astitva taka miTAne kA prayAsa kiyA ho| ye tIna pramukha kAraNa the, jinake pariNAmasvarUpa jaina zramaNoM ke viruddha ghRNA kA pracAra karane aura tAmilanADu pradeza se jaina dharma kA astitva taka miTA dene ke saMkalpa ke sAtha jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke viruddha saMgharSa ke lie kaTibaddha honA zaivoM ke liye anivArya ho gayA thaa| rAjA, prajA, rAjatantra aura arthatantra para usa samaya apanA pUrNa varcasva rakhane vAle dakSiNa ke usa kAlAvadhi ke sarvAdhika zaktizAlI jaina saMgha ko, usake sarvavyApI varcasva ko binA samApta kiye, binA kSINa athavA nirbala-niSprabhAva kiye zaivoM ke liye kisI bhI dazA meM apane ekezvaravAdI, vibhedavihIna abhinava sudRr3ha evaM cirasthAyI zaiva samAja kI sampUrNa tAmilanADu pradeza meM sthApanA, pracAra tathA prasAra ke kArya meM saphalatA kA prApta honA vastutaH saMbhava hI nahIM thaa| uparivariNata tIna kAraNoM se tiru jJAnasambandhara, tiru appara Adi pramukha zaiva santoM ne usa samaya ke mahAn prabhAvazAlI evaM tyAgI tapasvI jainAcAryoM ke viruddha janamAnasa meM ghRNA utpanna karane ke sAhityika abhiyAna ke sAtha-sAtha jaina zramaNoM ke sAmUhika saMhAra kA abhiyAna prArambha kiyA / ' prArambha meM hI anapekSita AzAtIta saphalatA ne zaivoM ke utsAha ko zataguriNata kara use dharmonmAda meM parivartita kara diyaa| usa dharmonmAda ne aisA bhISaNa evaM vyApaka rUpa dhAraNa kiyA ki sampUrNa tAmilanADu pradeza ke grAma-grAma, nagaranagara evaM Dagara-Dagara meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko balaprayogapUrvaka zaiva banane ke liye bAdhya kiyA gyaa| jina jainoM ne dharma-parivartana kI apekSA prANa-tyAga ko zreSTha samajhA, una dharma ke prati pragAr3ha AsthAvAn jainoM ko tatkAla mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA gyaa| unake gharoM ko lUTa liyA gyaa| cAroM ora lUTamAra aura narasaMhAra kA tANDava nRtya hone lgaa| tamilanADu kI sImA para basane vAle adhikAMza jana apanA gharabAra, sarvasva vahIM chor3a apane dharma aura prANoM kI rakSA ke liye cupacApa 1. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga, 3, pRSTha 487-86
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya 1 [ 51 par3ausI pradezoM kI ora bhAga nikle| paristhitivazAt jo jaina tAmilanADu ko chor3ane ke icchuka nahIM the, athavA jo bhAgane meM sakSama nahIM the, unameM se adhikAMza ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA gyaa| jina jainoM ne ziva kI vibhUti (rAkha) apane bhAla para lagAte hue apanA dharma tyAga kara zaiva dharma aMgIkAra kara liyA, kevala ve hI jIvita raha pAye / tAmilanADu meM zaiva abhiyAnakAlIna paristhitiyoM ke paryavekSaraNa se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki rAjasattA ke sahayoga aura usa samaya nimna kahe jAne vAle bahusaMkhyaka logoM ke sAmUhika sakriya sahayoga ke atirikta tAmilanADu ke jainoM kI AtatAyiyoM ke atyAcAroM kA samucita pratikAra na karane kI vRtti hI zaivoM ko unake dhArmika abhiyAna meM saphalatA prApta karavAne meM sarvAdhika pramukha kAraNa rahI / yaha to eka nirvivAda tathya hai ki AtatAyI ke choTe bar3e kisI bhI prakAra ke atyAcAra ko klaivyabhAva se cupacApa sahana kara lenA vastutaH bhISaNatama atyAcAroM kI prora choravihIna senA ko grAmantrita karane ke samAna hai / vizva kA itihAsa sAkSI hai ki jisa kisI deza, jAti athavA dharma arthAt dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne zrAtatAyiyoM kA prAtatAyiyoM ke atyAcAroM kA satata sajaga raha kara prAraNa-paraNa se aTUTa prabala sAhasa ke sAtha pratirodha kiyA, unhIM kA saMsAra meM samunnata avasthA meM astitva rahA, unhIM kA pratiSThA ke sAtha pallavana huA / isake viparIta jina jAtiyoM, dezoM, saMskRtiyoM athavA dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne bher3oM kI bhAMti klaivyabhAva se atyAcAriyoM ke atyAcAroM ko cupacApa sahana kiyA, unakA saMsAra ke mAnacitra meM astitva to darakinAra, nAma aura cinha taka pravaziSTa na rahA / yadi yena-kena prakAreNa padadalitAvasthA meM unakA astitva banA bhI rahA to, saMsAra ne unheM mRta kI saMjJA se hI abhihita kiyA, jIvita kI saMjJA se kadApi nahIM / jaina dharma sanAtana kAla se hI zUravIroM kA dharma rahA hai| jaina siddhAntoM meM atyAcAra sahana ko kAyaratA aura kAyaratA ko mahApApa evaM Atmahanana mAnA gayA hai / sampUrNa jaina vAMgmaya meM eka bhI aisA udAharaNa gahana khoja ke anavarata prayAsoM ke uparAnta bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA, jahAM kAyaratA ko, Atmahanana tulya klaivya bhAva se atyAcAra sahana ko prAcaraNIya batAne kA iMgita taka kiyA gayA ho / isake viparIta pratyAcAroM ke unmUlana evaM mAnavamAtra ke mUla mAnavIya adhikAroM kI rakSA hetu bhISaraNa saMgrAmoM meM vijayazrI kA varaNa karane vAle sAhasazUravIroM ko zlAghya puruSa, puruSottama Adi prazasta vizeSaNoM se prabhihita evaM alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai itihAsa sAkSI hai ki magadha ke siMhAsana para AsIna hone ke anantara puSyamitra zuMga ne jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para atyAcAra karane prArambha kiye to kaliMgarAja mahAmeghavAhana bhikSurAya khAravela ne jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI rakSA ke lie puSyamitra para AkramaNa kara use parAsta kiyA aura jaina itihAsa meM amara nAma prApta kara liyA / dakSiraNa ke hoyasala ( poyasala ), gaMga, rASTrakUTa Adi rAja
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________________ 52 J [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 ke vaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne bhI samaya-samaya para jainoM ke adhikAroM evaM jainadharma ke varcasva kI rakSA ke lie sainika abhiyAna kiye aura utpIr3ita jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI rakSA ke lie kala nAma se sahasA udita evaM katipaya varSoM pazcAt hI avanitala se tirohita huI rAjasattA ne to zatAbdiyoM se cale A rahe cola, cera evaM pANDya jaise zaktizAlI zAsanoM kA eka bAra anta hI kara DAlA thA / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki paMca mahAvratadhArI zramaNa zramaraNIvarga ke lie to avicala zAnta bhAva se atyAcAra sahana evaM upasarga sahanabhUSaNa hai, kintugRhastha varga ke liye.. kAyaratApUrvaka atyAcAra sahanA vastutaH nikRSTatama dUSaraNa mAnA gayA hai / triSaSTi zalAkA puruSoM ke gRhasthAvadhi ke jIvanavRttoM, mahAmeghavAhana mikkhurAya khAravela tathA kalabhra, gaMga, hoysala, rASTrakUTa Adi rAjavaMzoM ke jainadharma kI rakSA se sambandhita vistRta vivaraNoM se yaha nirvivAdarUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne prAcInakAla meM abalAoMoM, asahAya nirbaloM kI zrAtatAyiyoM ke atyAcAroM se rakSA karane meM tathA apane adhikAroM kI rakSA hetu kabhI kiMcitmAtra bhI kArpaNya athavA klaivyabhAva prakaTa nahIM kiyA / isa prakAra kI paramparAgata sthiti ke rahate hue bhI IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha kAla se lekara IsA kI 15vIM zatAbdI taka jaina dharmAvalambI dakSiNApatha meM zaivoM dvArA kiye gaye atyAcAroM kA binA kisI prakAra kA pratirodha kiye mukhyataH Andhrapradeza meM pUrNataH tathA tAmilanADu evaM kararNATaka meM adhikAMzataH bher3a-bakarI kI bhAMti naSTa kyoM ho gaye ? isase pUrva meM na kevala jaina itihAsa meM hI apitu sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya meM isa prakAra kI sAmUhika klaivyabhAva bharI akarmaNyatA, kisI bhI kAla meM kahIM kiJcit mAtra bhI par3hane-sunane meM nahIM aaii| jaina dharma ke anunAyiyoM kI manovRtti meM haThAt isa prakAra kA AtmaghAtI parivartana kyoM ? yaha AzcaryakArI prazna eka jaTila pahelI kI bhAMti pratyeka vijJa vicAraka ke samakSa sahaja hI upasthita ho jAtA hai / IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM apane Upara hue bhISaNa atyAcAroM ke pratikAra kI dizA meM dakSiNa ke jainoM kI akarmaNyatA ke do pramukha kAraNa anumAnita kiye jA sakate haiM / prathama to yaha ki madurA ke mahArAjA pANDyarAja kun pANDya aura kAMcIpati colarAja mahendravarmana ke dvArA jainadharma ke parityAga ke sAtha zaiva dharma aMgIkAra kara liye jAne ke kAraNa dakSiNa kA jaina saMgha zatAbdiyoM se prApta rAjyAzramaM se pUrNataH vaMcita ho gayA / dUsarA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki vi0 saM0 526 tadnusAra I0 san 583 meM madurA meM jainoM kI paramparAgata mAnyatAoM se adhikAMzataH viparIta evaM bhinna abhinava mAnyatAoM ko janma dene vAle dravir3a saMgha kI utpatti se jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI ekatA chinna-bhinna ho gaI / isake pariNAmasvarUpa pArasparika kalaha kI atyadhika abhivRddhi ke kAraNa dakSiNa meM,
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 53 mukhyataH tAmilabhASI vizAla pradeza meM jainoM kI saMghazakti uttarottara kSINa se kSINatama hotI gii|' ina do pramukha kAraNoM ke atirikta sabase bar3A kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha - ina jaina dharma ke mUla AdhArabhUta pAMca siddhAMtoM meM se zramaNavarga ne apane upAsaka gRhasthavarga arthAt zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ko upadeza dete samaya ahiMsA ko sarvAdhika mahattva dekara zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ko bhI parISaha sahana athavA utpIr3ana sahana meM sarvasvatyAgI zramaNa-zramaNIvarga ke samakakSa ahiMsaka bane rahane kI preraNA pradAna kara eka prakAra se ati kI parAkASTA pAra kara dI ho / bhAvukatAvaza athavA bhAvAveza meM sambhavataH ve na to isa tathya ko hI smaraNa rakha sake hoM ki jainAgamoM meM zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ke liye anukUla athavA pratikUla sabhI prakAra kI paristhitiyoM meM zramaNa-zramaNIvarga kI bhAMti pUrNata: ahiMsaka bane rahanA anivArya nahIM batAyA gayA hai aura na unhoMne isa sArvabhauma zAzvata satya-tathya ko hI apane smRtipaTala para aMkita rakhA ki dharma ke astitva para, abalAoM kI asmata para, apane svayaM ke sarvasva, sammAna athavA jIvana para aura asahAya nirbaloM ke prANoM para Aye saMkaTa athavA AtatAyiyoM ke atyAcAroM ke saMkrAmaka kAla meM cupacApa hAtha para hAtha dhare akarmaNya bane baiThe rahanA ahiMsA nahIM apitu ahiMsA bhagavatI ke na kevala bhAla athavA mukha para apitu Anakha-zikha svarUpa para kalaMka-kAlimA potane tulya mahApApa hai| - prAtmarakSA, apane deza, jAti, samAja, dharma, AzritoM, abalAoM kI prANapaNa ke sAtha rakSA karanA pratyeka mAnava kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa prAthamika kartavya hai jo / vyAmohavazAt athavA mRtyu ke bhaya se - apane isa karttavya ke nirvahana meM kiMcitmAtra bhI kora-kasara rakhatA hai, kotAi karatA hai, vaha vastutaH klIba hai, use puruSa kahalAne kA adhikAra nhiiN| mRtyu ke bhaya se bhayabhIta ho kAyaratA prakaTa karane vAlA pauruSa vihIna vyakti svayaM to sarvaprathama apane AzritoM ke sAtha kITa-pataMga kI mauta maratA hI hai, sAtha hI apane pauruSapuja pUrvapuruSoM ke pratApa, yaza, gaurava ko dhUlisAt kara apane deza, jAti evaM dharma ko bhI rasAtala meM Dhakela detA hai / 1. bIesu raNatthi jIvo, unbhasaNaM patthi phAsugaM patthi / sAvajja Na hu magai, raNa gaNai gihikappiyaM aTeM // 26 // kaccha khettaM vasahiM, vANijja kAriUraNa jiivNto| NhaMto sIyala pIre, pAvaM pauraM sa saMjedi / / 27 / / paMcasae chavvIse, vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / dakSiNamahurA jAdo, daviDasaMgho mahAmoho // 28 // 'darzanasAra [digambarAcArya zrI davasena]
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 dakSiNApatha ke tAmilanADu pradeza meM IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka meM zaivoM dvArA prArambha kiye gaye raktapAtapUrNa zaiva abhiyAna meM jainoM para sAmUhika saMhAra, balAt dharmaparivartana, sarvasvApaharaNa Adi ke rUpa meM jo atyAcAra kiye gaye, dakSiNApatha se jainadharma ke astitva taka ko samApta kara dene ke jo prabala prayAsa kiye gaye, una prayAsoM ke saphala hone kI pRSThabhUmi meM dakSiNa ke usa samaya ke jainoM kI isa prakAra kI bhIrutA, klaivyatA, AtatAyiyoM ke atyAcAra, anAcAra ko mUka bher3a bakarI tulya bilabilAte hue sahana kara lene, dainya, palAyanaparaka vRtti vastutaH sabase bar3A kAraNa rahI, yaha eka kaTutama satya hai / isake viparIta karNATaka pradeza ke kolhAra rAjya meM usa samaya zaktizAlI gaMgavaMzI rAjAoM kA rAjya thaa| vaha rAjavaMza jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| usa samaya taka karNATaka pradeza ke jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke hRdaya para gaMga rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka krANUra gaNa (grAmaraNIya saMgha) ke prAcArya siMhanandI kI sAta zikSAoM kA paryApta prabhAva thaa| una sAta zikSAoM meM se chaTho zikSA isa prakAra thI-"yadi tuma loga athavA tumhAre vaMzaja raNAMgaraNa meM pITha dikhA kara palAyana kara deMge to tumhArA rAjya naSTa ho jaayegaa|" isa zikSA kA sIdhA sA artha yahI hai ki AtatAyiyoM ko mUlataH naSTa karane ke lie raNAMgaNa meM DaTe raho, mara miTo para atyAcArI ke samakSa mata jhuko| jainoM ke isI zauryazAlI saMkalpa ke kAraNa zaiva abhiyAna tAmilanADu se karNATaka kI aora nahIM bar3ha skaa| I0 san 640 se 670 ke bIca kI avadhi meM gaMga rAjavaMza ke gyArahaveM rAjA bhUvikramazrIvallabha bhUrivikrama ne kAMcI ke pallavarAja para AkramaNa kiyA aura use yuddha meM parAsta kara usake sampUrNa kAMcI rAjya para adhikAra bhI kara liyaa|' aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pallavarAja kA pRSThabala pAkara jaba zaivoM ne jainoM para jaba aura adhika ghora atyAcAra prArambha kara diye, usa samaya sambhavataH jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI rakSA ke lie hI gaMgarAja bhUvikrama ne atyAcArI pallavarAja ko parAsta kara kAMcI ke rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra kiyA hogaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM spaSTa pramANAbhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa yaha to sunizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki na kevala apane astitvamAtra ko hI apitu ati prAcInatama saba saMskRtiyoM kI ziramaura jaina saMskRti ke astitva taka ko AryadharA ke aMcala se, jagatI-tala ke mAnacitra se miTA dene vAlA, vilupta kara dene vAlA ahiMsA kA pauruSavihIna svarUpa jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke antaHstala meM kaba udbhUta huaa| isake uparAnta bhI zaiva abhiyAnakAla meM tAmilanADu pradeza meM tatkAlIna pracura saMkhyaka jainoM ke pratikAravihIna sAmUhika bhISaNa saMhAra evaM sarvasvApahAra kI cunautI ke bala para sArvatrika sAmUhika dharma parivartana evaM vyApaka lUTapATa ke sambandha meM itihAsajJoM dvArA sammata tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha to Adhi 1. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pRSTha 266
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 55 kArika rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika kAla meM tAmilanADu ke jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke mana, mastiSka evaM hRdaya-paTala para ahiMsA ke nAma para kalaMka kA TIkA lagAne vAlA ahiMsA kA pauruSavihIna svarUpa bar3I gaharAI meM ghara kara cukA thA, jo kAlAntara meM zanaiH zanaiH Andhra, karNATaka Adi anya pradezoM meM bhI vyApta ho gyaa| Aja to spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita ho rahA hai ki ahiMsA kA vaha AtmaghAtI svarUpa jainamAtra ke svabhAva kA abhinna aMga bana gayA hai / ahiMsA ke nAma para isa prakAra kI AtmaghAtI Darapoka vRtti ke lie jaina AgamoM meM kahIM koI lavaleza mAtra bhI sthAna nahIM hai / isake uparAnta bhI yaha bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai ki ahiMsA kA isa prakAra kA pauruSavihIna svarUpa jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke rakta meM uttarottara vyApaka rUpa se kyoM ghulatA-milatA gyaa| ahiMsA ke isa AtmaghAtI svarUpa ne jainoM ke purAtana gar3ha athavA kendratulya tAmilanADu pradeza se vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hI jainoM kA astitva samAptaprAyaH ho gyaa| tadanantara IsA kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke samApta hote-hote jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke eka sudRr3ha gar3ha Andhra pradeza meM liMgAyatoM dvArA kiye gaye jainoM ke sAmUhika saMhAra evaM balAtdharmaparivartana ke pariNAmasvarUpa vahAM jainadharma kA astitva pUrNata: samApta ho gayA aura karNATaka pradeza meM jahAM jainoM kA zatAbdiyoM se sarvAdhika varcasva thA, vahAM bhI liMgAyatoM evaM rAmAnujAcArya ke anuyAyI vaiSNavoM dvArA jainoM ke viruddha athavA apane sampradAya ke pracAra-prasAra hetu prArambha kiye gaye abhiyAnoM ke phalasvarUpa jaina dharma ke anuyAyI atIva svalpa saMkhyA meM avaziSTa raha gaye / karNATaka meM bhI dhAmika vidveSa kI agni aisA pracaNDa svarUpa dhAraNa kara gaI thI ki yadi bAdAmI ke cAlukyarAja bukkarAya ne vaiSNava hote hue bhI apanI utkRSTa evaM niSpakSa nyAyapriyatA kA paricaya dekara jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko saMrakSaNa pradAna nahIM kiyA hotA to sambhavataH karNATaka pradeza meM bhI jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha jainadharma kA astitva pUrNataH samApta ho jAtA / jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke purAtanakAlona sudRDha gar3ha karNATaka meM bhI jainadharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA meM jo duHkhada nyUnatA AI, vaha bhI tatkAlIna jainoM ke hRdaya meM ghara kiye gaye paurupavihIna ahiMsA ke dusvarUpa kA pariNAma hai| vahAM jo thor3I bahuta saMkhyA meM jaina avaziSTa raha pAye haiM, usakA zreya bAdAmI ke cAlukya nareza bukkarAya kI nyAyapriyatA ko hI diyA jA sakatA hai, na ki ahiMsA ke vikRta svarUpa pauruSavihIna ahiMsA ke upAsaka vahAM ke tatkAlIna jainoM ko| ina uparivariNata aitihAsika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sambhavataH ekamAtra rAjyAzraya ke vizvAsa para, IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI meM tAmilanADu pradeza ke jaina, jahAM taka prAtmarakSA kA, apane saMgha, samAja, saMskRti ko rakSA kA, apanA astitva, apane dharma kA astitva banAye rakhane kA prazna hai, paramukhApekSI hI bane rhe| isa viSaya meM ve rAjyAzraya para hI
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________________ 56 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 nitAntataH nirbhara rhe| unhoMne sambhavataH isa ora usa avadhi meM kabhI dhyAna hI nahIM diyA ki drutagati se parivartanazIla kAlacakra meM saMkrAntikAla ke upasthita ho jAne para, vargavidveSa, varNavidveSa, dhArmika asahiSNutA ke vyApaka pracAra kI dazA meM apane saMgha, samAja, dharma, saMskRti aura astitva kI rakSA ke liye Atmanirbhara rahanA anivAryarUpeNa sadA Avazyaka hai| isa tathya ko bhulA dene ke kAraNa hI jainoM ko unake dharma aura unakI saMskRti ko dakSiNa meM apUraNIya apUrva kSati uThAnI pdd'ii| gItA ke nimnalikhita niSkarSa isa prakAra kI sthiti meM akSaraza: caritArtha hote haiM : bhayAdraNAduparataM, maMsyante tvAM mahArathAH / yeSAM ca tvaM bahumato, bhUtvA yAsyasi lAghavam / / avAcyavAdAMzca bahUn, vadiSyanti tavAhitAH / nindantastava sAmarthya, tato duHkhataraM nu kim / / ekezvaravAda ke abhyudaya kA vivaraNa prastuta karate samaya prasaMgavazAt isa sambandha meM kaTu satya para kevala isI lakSya se vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki jainadharmAnuyAyI ina saba tathyoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kara kisI aise prazasta mArga kA anusaraNa kareM, jisase bhaviSya meM jainadharma evaM jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko atIta kI bhAMti sarvahArA hAni na uThAnI pdd'e| jahAM taka tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se sabhI prakAra ke sAvadha kAryoM kA yAvajjIvana tyAga karane vAle paMcamahAvratadhArI santasatIvarga kA prazna hai, bhale hI ve vidhAna ke rUpa meM yaha nahIM kaha sakeM ki atyAcArI ke atyAcAroM kA pUrI zakti ke sAtha prANapaNa se pratirodha karanA zUravIratA hai aura mRtyu ke bhaya se bhayabhIta ho binA kisI prakAra ke samucita pratirodha ke AtatAyI ke atyAcAroM ko cupacApa sahana kara lenA kAyaratA hai, kintu 8 varSa kI bAlya vaya meM sAthI bAlakoM ke sAtha bAlakrIr3A meM rata mahAvIra kI saMkulIkrIr3A meM avarodha utpanna karane hetu bhayaMkara viSadhara kA rUpa dhAraNa kara Aye hue mAyAvI deva ko hAtha se pakar3a kara eka ora DAla denA tathA tadanantara unake tindUsaka khela meM avarodha utpanna karane evaM saba bAlakoM ko bhayabhIta karane ke lakSya se bAlaka kA rUpa dhAraNa kara bAlakoM meM sammilita hue aura mahAvIra se usa krIr3A meM parAjita ho jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa apanI pITha para ArUr3ha mahAvIra ko DarAne evaM unakA apaharaNa karane ke lakSya se sAta tAla (tAr3a) tulya bhISaNa rUpa dhAraNa kiye mAyAvI kI pITha para muSTiprahArapUrvaka mahAvIra dvArA usa mAyAvI deva kA garvAvahAra' yahI zikSA detA hai ki AtatAyI ke atyAcAra kA muMha-tor3a uttara denA pratyeka mAnava kA, pratyeka gRhastha jaina kA janma-siddha adhikAra hai-prAthamika paramAvazyaka kartavya hai| 1. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1, pRSTha 355-56 /
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 57 karmayuga kA pravartana karate samaya prathama dharma tIrthakara bha0 RSabhadeva ne zrAmaNya svIkAra karane se pUrva karmavidhi evaM kalAoM se nitAnta anabhijJa mAnava samAja ko eka sazakta, susaMgaThita evaM Atmanirbhara karmaTha samAja kI saMracanA ke lie asi (talavAra Adi zastra), masi, (paThana-pAThana-lekhana, vyApAra) aura kRSi (pazupAlana, annotpAdana) Adi kI zikSA de use saba kalAoM meM niSNAta kiyaa| ina tIna karmoM meM asi arthAt zastra kA nAma sarvaprathama AyA hai, yaha bhI koI saMyoga kI bAta nhiiN| tadanantara Adi rAjA RSabhadeva ne rAjanIti ke AvirbhAva athavA AviSkAra ke sAtha hI daNDa-nIti kA vidhAna kiyaa| zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha evaM aranAtha ne bhI dharmatIrtha ke pravartana se pUrva dharA para susabhya, susaMskRta, zAntipriya, nyAyanIti parAyaNa, karttavyaniSTha sukhI samAja ke lie anivArya rUpeNa paramAvazyaka suzAsana kI sthApanA ke lakSya se digvijaya ke rUpa meM SaTkhaNDoM kI sAdhanA kii| suzAsana ke lie kaNTaka tulya zaktiyoM ko parapIr3ana-kArya se virata, nyAyapriya evaM anuzAsita banAne ke lakSya se una tInoM tIrthakaroM ne apane-apane zAsanakAla meM anekoM yuddha bhI kiye / ye saba Agamika tathya isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki ahiMsA kA siddhAMta kisI bhI dharmaniSTha evaM zAntipriya gRhastha ko AtatAyI ke lavaleza mAtra bhI atyAcAra ko cupacApa sahana karane kI nahIM apitu vastutaH usake samUlonmUlana kI zikSA detA hai| AzA hai manISI isa viSaya meM mananapUrvaka vicAramanthana kara jinazAsana ke ujjvala bhaviSya ke liye jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko samucita mArga-darzana kreNge| uparivariNata tathyoM se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI meM na kevala dakSiNApatha hI apitu bhArata ke anyAnya pradezoM meM bhI dhArmika asahiSNutA, choTe bar3e aneka mata-matAntara, varNavidveSa, vargavidveSa, UMca-nIca-chUyAchUta ke bhedabhAva Adi ke vyApaka prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa cAroM ora pArasparika kalaha kA tANDava nRtya parAkASTA ko pAra kara cukA thaa| isa prakAra kI prazAnta sthiti se chuTakArA pAne ke lie jana-jana kA mana macala uThA thA / antatogatvA sabako samAna mAnavIya adhikAra, samAna stara, samAna Adara pradAna karane vAle, varga, varNa, jAti, dharma Adi ke vibhedavihIna abhinava samAja kI racanA ke lie ekezvaravAda ke siddhAMta kI ghoSaNA karate hue I0 san 600 ke AsapAsa zaiva santoM ne tAmilanADu pradeza meM zaiva nAma se eka dhArmika abhiyAna prArambha kiyaa| usa samaya samAja meM dalita, upekSita evaM nimna kahe jAne vAle vargoM ke zata-pratizata sahayoga evaM adamya utsAha ke pariNAmasvarUpa vaha zaiva abhiyAna zanaiH zanaiH lokapriya hotA calA gayA aura I0 san 610 ke AsapAsa to kAMcI evaM madurA ke rAjAoM ke sakriya evaM sazakta sahayoga se zaiva abhiyAna ne eka vyApaka dhArmika krAnti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa|
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________________ 58 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 tAmilanADu ke usa ekezvaravAda kA zaMkhanAda kAlAntara meM na kevala bhArata ke anyAnya prAntoM meM hI apitu saMsAra ke anya dezoM meM bhI gujarita - pratidhvanita ho uThA / islAma kA prabhyudaya araba deza meM bhI usa samaya ( IsA kI chaThI - sAtavIM zatAbdI meM ) choTe-bar3e UMca-nIca, kabIloM ke vibheda, dharmabheda, mata-matAntara, mUrtipUjA ke prAcurya prAdi kAraNoM se bhArata ke samAna hI pArasparika kalahapUrNa sthiti uttarottara bar3hatI jA rahI thI / bhinna-bhinna kabIloM ne jAtiyoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thA / pratyeka jAti apanA sarvAdhika varcasva sthApita karane kI spardhA meM utara cukI thI / isa spardhA meM pratyeka jAti ke loga apane-apane devatAoM kI mUrtiyAM araba deza ke pramukha tIrtha-sthala makkA meM aise mahattvapUrNa sthAna para sthApita karane ke lie kaTibaddha rahate, jisase ki makkAzarIpha tIrtha-sthala usI jAti athavA kabIle kA tIrtha-sthala pratIta ho / isa prakAra kI spardhA IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI meM saMgharSa, vivAda evaM pArasparika kalaha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara cukI thI / yadyapi araba deza meM usa samaya bhI mUlataH yahI mAnyatA pracalita thI ki ekamAtra allAha hI sarvazaktimAn Izvara hai tathApi bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM dvArA apane-apane pRthak-pRthak devatA ko hI sabase bar3A mAnane ke haThAgraha ke pariNAmasvarUpa vibhinna jAtiyoM meM utpanna huI pratispardhA ne sarvazaktimAna allAha kI mAnyatA ko logoM meM gauNa banA diyA thA / " labdhapratiSTha itihAsajJa rAya bahAdura paNDita gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda probhA ke anusAra dharmabheda, jAtibheda evaM bhinna-bhinna devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA ke prazna ko lekara utpanna huI saMgharSapUrNa sthiti ke atirikta usa samaya araba deza meM choTebar3e rAjAoMoM evaM saradAroM kA bhI bAhulya thA, jinameM paraspara choTI-bar3I lar3AiyAM prAyaH calatI hI rahatI thiiN| choTe-bar3e jhagar3e to unameM nirantara calate hI rahate the / vahAM kI sAdhAraNa janatA prAyaH asabhya aura prazikSita thI / isa prakAra kI dezavyApI pArasparika kalahapUrNa paristhitiyoM meM vi0 saM0 628 tadnusAra I0 san 571 meM kureza jAti meM muhammada nAmaka eka mahApuruSa kA janma huA / muhammada sAhaba ke pUrvapUruSa kureza registAna se Akara makkA meM rahane laga gaye the / yadyapi muhammada sAhaba kA janma makkA nagara meM huA thA tathApi registAnI jIvana ke anubhava ke liye bAlyakAla meM unheM samaya-samaya para registAna ke paitrika grAma meM bhejA jAtA rahA / isa prakAra muhammada sAhaba kA adhikAMza bAlyakAla 1. 2. ensAiklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjansa graoNpha dI varlDa rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, khaNDa 1, 504, pR0 247
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya J [ 56 unake cacA abU tAliba ke pAsa gAMva meM vyatIta huA / isase unheM bAlyakAla meM hI nAgarika jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha registAna ke kaThinAI bhare grAmya jIvana kA, vahAM kI samasyAoM aura grAmoM meM base araboM kI vAstavika paristhitiyoM kA bhI pratyakSa anubhava ho gayA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki muhammada sAhaba kI bAlyAvasthA meM hI unake mAtApitA kA dehAvasAna ho gayA thA / muhammada sAhaba ke pitA kA nAma abdullA ullikhita upalabdha hotA hai, isa sambandha meM ibna izAka ke havAle se ensAiklopIDiyA grApha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa meM nimna rUpa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai : "It is not possible to throw any serious doubt on the location of Muhammad as a member of a numerous Mecean family, though the name of his father excites suspecion, since Abdullah. (The equivalent of some one) is used at a later period as a substitute for an unknown name, perhaps it is in this case a substitute for the name of which the second element was that of a pagan diety."1 vayaska ho jAne para muhammada sAhaba ne khAdijA nAma kI eka dhanI vidhavA ke kAravAM (UMToM ke kAphile ) kI dekhabhAla evaM vyavasthA kA kAryabhAra sambhAlA / kAravAM ke sAtha-sAtha vibhinna sthAnoM ke paryaTana ke pariNAmasvarUpa muhammada sAhaba araba deza ke vibhinna sthAnoM ke nivAsiyoM kI vAstavika dazA evaM prAntarika sthiti se bhI bhalI-bhAMti avagata ho gaye / jisa samaya muhammada sAhaba 25 varSa kI har ke hue usa samaya, umra meM unase kaI varSa bar3I usa gRhasvAminI khAdijA ne unase zAdI kI, jisake ki kAravAM kA kArobAra ve karate the / muhammada sAhaba se zAdI kara lene ke pazcAt khAdijA ne samaya para eka yA eka se adhika putroM aura cAra putriyoM ko anukramazaH janma diyA / kintu muhammada sAhaba ke ve putra zaizavAvasthA meM hI phauta ho gaye / 2 muhammada sAhaba bAlyakAla se hI cintanazIla to the hI ataH vaya kI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha apane deza kI sthiti ke sambandha meM jyoM-jyoM unakA anubhava bar3hane lagA tyoM-tyoM ve uttarottara adhikAdhika cintanazIla hote gaye / vayaska ho jAne para jaba muhammada sAhaba ne anubhava kiyA ki svabhAva se hI vIra prakRti ke dhanI hone ke uparAnta bhI araba nivAsI andhavizvAsoM ke daladala meM phaMse hone ke kAraNa mUrti pUjA, mata-matAntaroM, vibhinna dhArmika mAnyatAoM, jAtipAMti - kabIloM, UMca 1. 2. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. VIII, page 873 ensAiklopIDiyA oNpha rilijana eNDa ethiksa, jilda 8vIM, pRSTha 873 ( hesTigma dvArA likhita )
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 nIca ke vivAdoM evaM vibhinna jAtiyoM dvArA apanI-apanI sattA sthApita karane ke prayAsoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa paraspara lar3a-jhagar3a kara deza ko bar3I tIvra gati se adhaH patana kI ora Dhakelate hue svayaM bhI rasAtala kI ora agrasara ho rahe haiM / pArasparika phUTa, kalaha tathA lar3AI-jhagar3oM meM ulajhe hue arabavAsI apane deza ko barbAda kara rahe haiM, use azakta banA rahe haiN| apane deza aura dezavAsiyoM kI isa prakAra kI duHkhada dazA para anavarata cintana ke anantara muhammada sAhaba ne anubhava kiyA ki unake dezavAsI saMsAra kI ekamAtra sarvopari zakti-sarvazaktimAn paramapitA allAha ko bhUla kara vibhinna devatAoM ko mAnane lage haiM, andhavizvAsoM ke vazIbhUta bane ve loga pRthak-pRthak vibhinna devatAoM kI mUrtiyAM banA apane-apane devatAoM ko ho sabase bar3A zaktimAn batA unakI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA ke prazna ko lekara use hI apanA sabase bar3A dharma, sarvazreSTha mata batAte huye paraspara lar3a-jhagar3a rahe haiM / phiriztA likhatA hai--"islAma ke udbhava kAla se pUrva misra aura araba deza meM hindU deva-deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM thiiN| una dinoM bhI saraMdIpa (laMkA) ke vyApAriyoM ke jahAja aphrIkA aura lAla samudra ke taTa para tathA phArasa (IrAna) kI khAr3I meM mAla le jAyA karate the| una jahAjoM meM hindU yAtrI bhI misra evaM makkA meM apane devatAoM ke darzana evaM una sthaloM kI yAtrArtha jAyA karate the|"" phiriztA ke isa ullekha se yaha AbhAsa hotA hai ki araba meM usa samaya usa deza ke deva-deviyoM ke atirikta hindU deva-deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM thIM aura unakI vahAM pUjA hotI thii| isa prakAra vahAM mata-matAntaroM evaM deva-deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM kA prAcurya thA aura ina bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI mAnyatAoM evaM mata-matAntaroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa vahAM Aye dina lar3AI-jhagar3e hote hI rahate the| apane deza evaM dezavAsiyoM ke liye ghAtaka isa prakAra kI duHkhada sthiti para gahana cintana ke anantara muhammada sAhaba ko dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki vAstava meM ekamAtra allAha hI saMsAra ke sarvocca zaktizAlI Izvara evaM mAnava mAtra ke liye samAna rUpa se sarvopari pArAdhya devAdhideva haiN| isa prakAra kA vicAramanthana unake antarmana meM aneka dinoM taka calatA rhaa| antatogatvA anavarata cintanamanana ke anantara unhoMne dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA ki ve ekezvaravAda kI dRr3ha AdhArazilA rakha kara apane deza se pArasparika kalaha ke mUla kAraNa dharma bheda, mata-matAntara, jAti-pAMti, UMca-nIca, choTe-bar3e ke bhedabhAva, choTI-bar3I rAjasattAoM Adi ke astitva ko mUlataH naSTa kara mAnavamAtra ke liye ekezvaravAdI eka hI mAnava dharma kI pratiSThApanA kareMge / vibhinna devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA evaM unakI pUjA ke prazna ko lekara mukhyataH makkA meM aura sAdhAraNataH sampUrNa araba deza meM Aye dina vivAda, saMgharSa aura lar3AI-jhagar3e hote rahate the ataH ina saba jhagar3oM kI 1. briga, phiriztA, jilda 4, pRSTha 402
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 61 mukhya mUla jar3a mUrtiyoM ko sarvaprathama khaNDa-khaNDa kara naSTa karane kA muhammada sAhaba ne sudRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| isa prakAra ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke anantara unhoMne tIna varSa taka apane pArivArikajanoM evaM mitroM ke bIca apane vicAroM kA pracAra kiyaa| unhoMne makkA kI nikaTavartI pahAr3I para ekAnta meM dhyAna sAdhanA bhI kii| dhyAna, gahana cintana-manana ke anantara kiye gaye ina sudRr3ha saMkalpoM ko kAryarUpa meM pariNata karane hetu muhammada sAhaba ne vi0 saM0 667 tadanusAra I0 san 610 meM apane Apako makkA meM saMsAra ke samakSa allAha arthAt sarvazaktimAna IzvaradvArA prerita paigambara ke rUpa meM prakaTa kiyaa| sarvazaktimAna Izvara-allAha athavA khudA kA dhyAna karane para usakI kRpA se ahalAma ke rUpa meM prApta huye pavitra dharmagrantha kurAna ko unhoMne allAha kI AjJA batalAte huye binA kisI UMca-nIca, choTebar3e, dhanI-nirdhana, raMka-rAjA Adi ke bhedabhAva ke, mAnavamAtra ko eka hI Izvara allAha kI ArAdhanA-prArthanA athavA ibAdata karane aura allAha kI ibAdata ne vAle pratyeka vyakti ko apanA bhAI samajhane kA upadeza denA prArambha kiyaa| bhArata ke tAmilanADu pradeza meM, IsA kI chaThI evaM sAtavIM zatAbdI ke sandhikAla meM prArambha kiye gaye, mAnava-mAnava meM bhedavihIna ekezvaravAdI zaiva abhiyAna kA vahAM ke savarNa samAja dvArA upekSita pichar3e vargoM ke logoM ne jisa prakAra hArdika svAgata karate hue apanA pUrNa sahayoga diyA, ThIka usI prakAra araba deza meM muhammada sAhaba dvArA jana-jana ke samakSa prakAza meM lAye gaye allAha ke upAsakoM meM pArasparika bhAI-cAre ke pratIka ekezvaravAdI eka hI dharma ke siddhAnta kA sAdhAraNataH sampUrNa araba ke aura vizeSataH makkA ke sampanna, sazakta samAja dvArA upekSita dalita vargoM ke logoM ne hArdika svAgata ke sAtha apanA pUrNa sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| muhammada sAhaba ke ekezvaravAdI eka hI dharma ko mAnane ke upadezoM se prabhAvita ho loga unheM allAha kA paigambara (dUta) mAnane lge| unhoMne ekezvaravAdI dharma kA nAma rakhA "islAma", jisakA zAbdika artha hai-ekezvaraallAha ko aTUTa AsthA ke sAtha sarvAtmanA-sarvabhAvena sampUrNataH Atma-samarpaNa / ekezvaravAdI dharma-islAma ko kabUla athavA aMgIkAra karane vAloM ko muslima athavA musalamAna kI saMjJA dI gaI, jisakA zAbdika artha hai--allAha kI AjJA rUpa kurAna meM nihita nirdezoM, usUloM arthAt "tauhIda" para aTUTa AsthA ke sAtha sudRr3ha rhnaa| ekezvaravAdI eka hI dharma ko mAnane vAle vibheda-vihIna sudRr3ha mAnava-samAja kA saMracanA viSayaka muhammada sA0 ke upadezoM se prabhAvita ho bar3I saMkhyA meM jana-sAdhAraNa ne islAma ko aMgIkAra karanA prArambha kiyA aura eka abhinava jAgaraNa kI lahara-sI araba deza ke isa chora se usa chora taka taraMgita ho uThI / isa deza-vyApI abhinava jAgaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa eka lambe samaya se viziSTa
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________________ 62 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 suvidhAoM, sammAna evaM adhikAroM kA upabhoga karate A rahe apane Apako janasAdhAraNa kI apekSA viziSTa adhikAra sampanna samajhane vAle vargoM ke svArthoM para aAMca pAne lgii| una nihitasvArtha logoM ne apane svArthoM kI rakSA ke lie saMgaThita ho apane pakSadharoM, apane AzritoM evaM andhavizvAsa meM grasta logoM ko muhammada sA0 dvArA prArambha kiye gaye eka hI Izvara aura eka hI dharma ko mAnane tathA ekezvaravAdI pratyeka mAnava ko binA kisI bhedabhAva ke samAna adhikAra dilAne vAle AmUla-cUla krAntikArI abhiyAna ke viruddha uksaayaa-bhdd'kaayaa| una svArthI logoM ne muhammada sA0 aura unake anuyAyiyoM ko bhAMti-bhAMti ke kaSTa dene meM apanI ora se kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rakhI / yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI muhammada sA0 12 varSa taka makkA se ekezvaravAda ke paigAma ko araboM meM prasArita karate rahe / svArthiyoM dvArA prArambha kiye gaye virodha ne ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA aura svArthI vargoM ke bar3hate hue usa vairabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa muhammada sA0 aura unake kaTTara anuyAyiyoM kA makkA meM surakSita rUpa se rahanA taka dUbhara ho gyaa| muhammada sA0 ke pramukha anuyAyiyoM ke eka bar3e samUha ko makkA chor3ane aura IsAI bahula ebIsIniyAM meM zaraNa lene ko bAdhya honA pdd'aa| isa prakAra kI kaThina paristhitiyoM ke daura-vAtAvaraNa meM yAtriba (madInA) meM gRhakalaha ne gRhayuddha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| madInA ke nivAsiyoM ne gRhayuddha kI Aga ko zAnta karane ke liye muhammada sA0 ko madInA Ane kI prArthanA kii| muhammada sA0 ne madInAvAsiyoM kI prArthanA svIkAra kara lii| makkA se madInA ke liye prasthAna karane se pUrva dUradarzI muhammada sA0 ne bar3I hI buddhimatA se kAma liyaa| sarvaprathama unhoMne pUrNataH pracchanna rUpa se apane parama vizvAsapAtra aMgarakSakoM ko makkA se madInA bhejA aura paryApta saMkhyA meM apane aMgarakSakoM ke madInA pahu~ca jAne para I0 san 622 (vi0 saM0 676) meM ve bhI cupacApa makkA ko chor3akara madInA kI ora prasthita hue / yaha bar3A hI jokhima bharA kArya thaa| isI dina se hijarI san prArambha huaaa| isa kArya meM unheM aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A, para saba kaThinAiyoM ko pAra kara ve sakuzala madInA pahu~ca gaye / madInA pahu~ca kara muhammada sA0 ne vahA~ gRhakalaha ko zAnta kiyaa| araba-nivAsiyoM ke aneka kabIle vAloM arthAt jAtiyoM ne unheM apanA pUrNa sakriya sahayoga diyA / arabavAsiyoM ke aneka kabIloM (jAtiyoM) kA hArdika sakriya sahayoga prApta ho jAne para muhammada sA0 ne apane anuyAyiyoM kI senA kA gaThana prArambha kiyA aura makkAvAsiyoM ke, vibhinna sthAnoM evaM pradezoM se vyApAra hetu jo kAravAM jAte-Ate una para AkramaNa kara unheM lUTanA evaM una para apanA adhikAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| apanI sainika zakti bar3hA lene ke anantara muhammada sA0 ne apane pUrva ke sAthI nAgarika makkAnivAsiyoM se aneka bAra yuddha kiye aura antatogatvA hijarI san 8 meM unhoMne apanI zaktizAlI senA ke sAtha AkramaNa kara makkA para adhikAra kara liyaa|
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 83 isa sambandha meM dharmoM evaM mata-matAntaroM para vizAla koSa kI racanA karane vAle yazasvI lekhaka hesTigsa ne likhA hai : "For fourty years he lived as a pagan of Macca (which come into history with his enterprise, not having been mentioned previously). At the age of twenty five he married a woman much older than himself, who bore him one or more sons (who died in infancy) and four daughters. In his fortieth year he became the reciplent of revelations, where in the office of prophet was conferred upon him. (2) For three years he carried on private propaganda, winning some adherents in his own family, among his private friends and among the humbler classes in the town. (3) For the years he carried on his mission publicity in Macca. for the greater part of the time under the protection of his uncle Abu Talib, who was not a believer, after his death the mission had for a time to be transferred to Taif, until other protector could be found among the Maccan magnates. Meanwhile a temporary refuge had been obtained for the prophet's persecuted followers in christian Abyssenia. Towards the end of this period the continuance of civil war at yatrib (Madina) suggested to some of the inhabitants the desirability of accuring a prophet to settle their disputes. Muhammad was invited to undertake this task and accepted, but he wisely sent his followers before him to yatrib to serve as a bodyguard when he arrived, he himself escaped with difficulty from Mecca, where danger was antcipated from this move. (4) Once in Madina, he proceeded to organize his followers as an army, ruthlessly suppressed internal opposition, secured the alliance of various Arabian tribes and started raiding the Maccan Carvans. Involved in war with his former fellow citizens, he inflicted on them a series of defeats, culmunating in the capture of the city in the eighth year of his migration. By the end of his life he had imposed his doctrine on the whole of Arabia, exterminating the Jewish Communities, with few exceptions rendering the Christian Communities tributary, and abolishing paganism. -Encyclopaedia of religion & Ethics, Vol. VIII page 873,
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 svArthI vargoM dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye prabala virodha evaM unake dvArA upasthita kI gaI vibhinna prakAra kI kaThinAiyoM ke uparAnta bhI muhammada sAhaba apane siddhAMtoM para, islAma ke usUloM para aTala aDiga rUpa se DaTe raha kara apane upadezoM ke mAdhyama se ekezvaravAdI dharma kA pracAra karate rahe / antatogatvA vijayazrI ne unakA varaNa kiyA / vi0 saM0 667 meM muhammada sAhaba dvArA prArambha kiye gaye upadezoM kA prabhAva svArthI vargoM ke virodha, avarodha, pratirodha ke uparAnta bhI uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA / unake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hate-bar3hate araba ke bahuta bar3e bhAga meM phaila gaI / muhammada sAhaba dvArA calAye jAne ke kAraNa loga islAma ko muhammadI dharma ke nAma se bhI abhihita karane lage / eka hI Izvara tathA eka hI dharma ko mAnane aura islAma ko aMgIkAra karane vAle pratyeka vyakti ko barAbara ke bhAI kA darjA de diye jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa ve muhammada sAhaba ke anuyAyI ekatA ke sudRr3ha sUtra meM Abaddha ho gaye / " pratyeka sahadharmI bandhu ko apanA bhAI samajha kara use bhAI ke samAna hI saba prakAra ke prema, adhikAra aura barAbarI kA darjA do"muhammada sAhaba ke ina upadezoM ne samasta arabavAsiyoM ke antarmana meM vidyut vega se eka abhinava saMjIvanI zakti kA saMcAra kara diyA / muhammada sAhaba ke netRtva meM arabavAsI sarvaprathama eka ajeya sudRr3ha sAmAjika zakti ke rUpa meM ubhara kara prakaTa hue aura ve ekatA ke sudRr3ha sUtra meM Abaddha ho sAmUhika rUpa se ekajuTa ho sarvatra ekezvaravAdI islAma dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane lage / apane anuyAyiyoM kI isa adbhut evaM apUrva ekatA tathA unakA iMgita pAte hI dharma ke nAma para bar3I se bar3I kurbAnI, bar3e se bar3A balidAna kara dene kI utkaTa bhAvanA ne sarvatomukhI pratibhA sampanna muhammada sAhaba ko sampUrNa araba ke na kevala eka dhArmika netA ke sarvocca pada para hI apitu eka mahApratApI rAjanaitika netA ke pada para bhI adhiSThita kara diyA / isa prakAra sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM rAjanaitika kSetroM meM upalabdha trikoNAtmaka zakti kA bala para muhammada sAhaba ne DaMke kI coTa ke sAtha talavAra ke bala para islAma ke pracAra-prasAra kA abhiyAna claayaa| jisa prakAra IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya dazaka meM tAmilanADu pradeza meM zakti kI chAyA meM prArambha kiyA gayA zaiva abhiyAna drutatama gati se svalpa kAla meM hI sampUrNa tAmilanADu pradeza para chA gayA, ThIka usI prakAra muhammada sAhaba dvArA IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya dazaka meM talavAra ke bala para prArambha kiyA gayA islAma ke pracAra-prasAra kA abhiyAna araba deza ke bahuta bar3e bhAga meM saphala rahA / dhArmika saphalatA ke sAtha-sAtha muhammada sAhaba ko mahatI rAjanaitika saphalatA bhI prApta huI aura ve IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya zataka ke samApta hote-hote to apane deza ke bahuta bar3e bhAga ke zaktizAlI zAsaka, ekezvaravAdI islAma ke sarvasattAsampanna sarvesarvA aura allAha (Izvara) ke paigambara ke rUpa meM dUra-dUra taka vikhyAta ho gaye / apane isa krAntikArI dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika abhiyAna ko saphala banAne ke lie muhammada sAhaba ko aneka kaThinAiyoM se jUjhane ke sAtha-sAtha deza 64 ] --------
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya } [ 65 tathA dharma kI ekatA ke patha meM avarodha utpanna karane vAle apane dezavAsI bandhutroM se bhI aneka bAra lar3AiyAM lar3anI pdd'iiN| muhammada sAhaba dvArA apane deza, dezavAsiyoM aura pada-dalita mAnavatA ke uddhAra, abhyudaya, utthAna evaM utkarSa tathA samAnatA kI AdhAra zilA para jisa navya bhavya samAja kI saMracanA ke uddezya se jo krAntikArI abhiyAna prArambha kiyA gayA thA, usa abhiyAna ko asaphala karane ke liye svArthI tatvoM ne jo bhAMti-bhAMti ke avarodha - virodha upasthita kiye, una virodhAvarodhoM kA anta karane ke lie unheM "bhaya bina prIta na hoya" isa nIti vAkya ko amala meM lAnA par3A / prabala janamata muhammada sAhaba ke sAtha thA / unake susaMgaThita evaM anuzAsita anuyAyI unake pratyeka Adeza ko IzvarIya AjJA samajha kara usakI anupAlanA ke liye prANa-paNa se kaTibaddha the| ataH muhammada sAhaba ne talavAra ke bala para islAma kA pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kiyA / virodhI prAraNa bhaya se bhayabhIta ho uThe / talavAra kI tIkSNa dhAra ne virodha ko tirohita kara diyaa| cAroM ora sAmUhika dharma parivartana kA daura prArambha huA aura muhammada sAhaba ke jIvana kAla meM hI araba deza ke bahuta bar3e bhAga meM islAma kA ekacchatra varcasva sthApita ho gayA aura ve vipula dhanasampadA evaM aizvarya ke svAmI bana gaye / ' sampUrNa deza kA, samagra arabavAsiyoM kA eka hI Izvara aura eka hI dharma ho, apane isa mahAna saMkalpa ko caritArtha kara sampUrNa dezako dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika ekatA ke sudRr3ha sUtra meM Abaddha karane ke apane lakSya meM AzAtIta saphalatA prApta kara lene ke anantara vi0 saM0 686 tadnusAra hijarI san 11 ( I0 san 632 ) meM 62 varSa kI avasthA meM muhammada sAhaba allAha ke pyAre arthAt svargavAsI hue / isa prakAra vi0 saM0 667 se vi0 saM0 686 taka, 22 varSa paryanta muhammada sAhaba ne islAma kA araba meM pracAra-prasAra kiyA / prathamataH vi0 saM0 667 se 676 paryanta 12 varSoM taka eka vibheda - vihIna samAja kI sthApanA hetu upadezoM ke mAdhyama arthAt zAntipUrNa rIti se unhoMne islAma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA / tadanantara lagabhaga 10 varSoM taka ve sainya bala ke mAdhyama se, talavAra ke bala se islAma ke pracAra-prasAra ke sAtha islAmI rAjya kI sthApanA ke kArya meM nirata rahe aura kula milA kara 22 varSa ke kaThina parizrama se unhoMne apane lakSya kI prApti AzAtIta pUrva saphalatA prApta kI / paigambara muhammada sAhaba ke bahistagamana ke pazcAt AyazA nAma kI unakI patnI kA pitA abUbaka siddIkI hijarI san 11 meM paigambara sAhaba kA pahalA uttarAdhikArI athavA pahalA khalIphA huA / paigambara sAhaba ke pazcAt anukramaza: 1. ranajapUtAne kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pRSTha 248, ( gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda probhA )
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________________ 66 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 unake jitane bhI uttr|||ro hue ve sabhI khalIphA ke nAma se abhihita kiye jAne lge| abUbakra siddIkI hi0 san 11 se 13 taka lagabhaga do varSa taka khalIphA rhaa| abUbakra ke pazcAt dUsarA khalIphA khattAba kA putra umara huA jo hi0 san 13 se 23 taka 10 varSa paryanta khalIphA rahA / umara bina khattAba nAmaka dUsare khalIphA ne sattA meM Ate hI sIriyA, philistIna, misra aura IrAna Adi dezoM meM bhI sainika bala ke mAdhyama se islAma kA prasAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| islAma ke anuyAyI pratyeka sainika evaM jana-jana ke mana meM isa prakAra kI bhAvanA lUMsa-ThUsa kara bhara dI gaI thI ki jitane adhika virmiyoM ko islAma kubUla karavAyA jAya aura islAma ko kabUla na karane vAle kAphiroM arthAt vidharmiyoM ko jitanI adhika saMkhyA meM mauta ke ghATa utArA jAya, utanA hI adhika sabAba arthAt puNya prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra kI bhAvanA se abhibhUta-protaprota khalIphA umara kI senAoM ne bar3I druta gati se talavAra ke bala para sIriyA Adi dezoM meM islAma kA prasAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| islAma kI senAeM jisa deza para AkramaNa karatIM, vahAM ke AbAlavRddha nivAsiyoM ko sAmUhika rUpa se talavAra ke bala para balAta musalamAna banAtIM aura jo loga apanA dharma chor3anA svIkAra nahIM karate, unheM sAmUhika rUpa se mauta ke ghATa utAra detiiN| mRtyu ke bhaya se bhayabhIta ho AkrAnta dezoM ke nivAsI tatkAla sAmUhika rUpa se islAma ko kubUla kara lete / isa prakAra dvitIya khalIphA umara bina khattAba ke khalIphA pada para ArUr3ha hone ke sAtaveM varSa arthAt paigambara muhammada sA0 ke bahiztagamana ke. 20veM varSa ke samApta hote-hote sIriyA, philistIna, misra aura IrAna ye cAroM deza samagra rUpa se islAma ke anuyAyI islAmI deza ho gye| IrAna kI ora bar3hatI islAmI senAoM ke AkramaNa kI bAta sunate hI tatkAlIna jarasthusa dharma ke anuyAyI IrAna ke aneka kuTumboM ne apane dharma kI rakSA hetu samudrI mArga se bhArata kI ora palAyana kiyaa| unhoMne bhArata kI zaraNa le apane dharma kI rakSA kii| unake vaMzaja pArasI kahalAye, jo saba dharmoM ko samAna adhikAra dene vAle bhArata meM Aja bhI sampanna, sukhI, surakSita, apane jarasthusa dharma ko mAnane vAle bhAratIya nAgarika haiM / khalIphA umara bina khattAba ke Adeza se usake senApatiyoM ne apanI senAoM ke sAtha jina-jina dezoM para AkramaNa kiye una-una dezoM kI prAcIna saMskRtiyoM kA vizeSataH saMsAra kI ati prAcIna evaM susampanna misra-saMskRti kA koI avazeSa taka avaziSTa nahIM rkhaa| unhoMne una dezoM ke nivAsiyoM kA na kevala balAt dharmaparivartana hI kiyA apitu vahAM ke dharma-sthAnoM, mandiroM, mUrtiyoM, mahaloM evaM samRddha sAhityika nidhiyoM-vizAlatama pustaka bhaNDAroM ko bhI dhUlisAt evaM bhasmIbhUta kara DAlA / khalIphA umara ke senApati-amra-inna-ula-pAsa ne hi0 san 16 tadnusAra vi0 saM0 667, I0 san 640 meM misra para vijaya prApta kara misra ke prasiddha nagara alegjenDriyA ke suvizAla pustaka bhaNDAra ko, jisameM zatAbdiyoM se
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 67 kramAgata misra ke rAjAzroM dvArA pIr3hI - prapIr3hiyoM se cuna-cuna kara ekatrita kI gaI lAkhoM alabhya pustakoM kA suvizAla saMgraha thA, jalA dene kA nizcaya kiyA / "nAsikhuttavArikha" ke ullekhAnusAra alegjenDriyA ke apane samaya ke ucca koTi ke vidvAn yAhiyA ne vijetA senApati amra ko prArthanA kI ki vaha usa alabhya anamola pustakAlaya ko yathAvat surakSita rahane de / yAhiyA kI prArthanA para AkrAMtA senAoM ke senApati amra - ibna- ula - zrAsa ne khalIphA umara ko isa viSaya meM Adeza bhejane ke liye likhA / khalIphA umara ne uttara meM apane senApati ko likhA ki yadi una saba pustakoM meM jo kucha likhA hai, vaha kuraAna ke anusAra hI hai to aneka bhASAoM kI ina agaNita pustakoM kI hameM koI AvazyakatA nahIM / usa dazA meM hamAre liye kevala ekamAtra kurAna hI paryApta hai / isake viparIta yadi ina pustakoM kA prAzaya kurAna ke viparIta hai, to yaha to eka bahuta hI burI bAta hai / ataH ina saba pustakoM ko jalAkara khAkha kara do / " khalIphA kI isa prakAra kI AjJA ke prApta hote hI senApati amra ne lAkhoM pustakoM ke suvizAla bhaNDAra alegjenDriyA ke usa pustakAlaya kI saba pustakeM vahAM ke apane sainika ziviroM ke hammAmoM meM pAnI garama karane ke liye IMdhana ke rUpa meM jalAne kA Adeza diyA / una pustakoM ko lagAtAra 6 mahInoM taka IMdhana kI jagaha jalA - jalA kara araba senAoM ke ziviroM ke hammAmoM meM pAnI garama kiyA jAtA rahA, isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki alegjenDriyA kA vaha pustaka bhaNDAra kitanA vizAla thA / isa prakAra misra ke prAcIna evaM mahattvapUrNa sAhitya ke vipula bhaNDAra ko bhasmIbhUta kara misra kI prAcIna saMskRti ko saMsAra ke prAMgaraNa se sadA ke lie samApta kara diyA gayA / sIriyA, philistIna, misra aura IrAna meM araba senAoM kI utsAhavarddhaka AzAtIta saphalatAoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa arabavAsiyoM kI lipsApUrNa dRSTi, khalIphA umara ke jIvanakAla ( hijarI san 13 se 23 ke bIca ke samaya ) meM hI bhArata kI ora uTha cukI thI kintu khalIphAoM ne hijarI san 63 se pahale apane senApatiyoM ko bhArata para AkramaNa karane kI AjJA pradAna nahIM kI / khalIphA umara-bina- khattAba ke sattAkAla meM araba senA samudrI mArga se bambaI ke pAsa thAne taka pahuMca gaI thI / vaha senA umAna ke hAkima usmAnabina-AzI ne khalIphA kI AjJA prApta kiye binA hI bhejI thI ataH khalIphA umara ne use tatkAla vApisa bulA liyA aura usmAna ko pradeza likha bhejA ki hindustAniyoM ke sAtha yuddha meM jitane araba sainika mAre jAyeMge, utane hI terI kauma 1. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pahalA khaNDa, paM0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda zrobhA, pRSTha 246 / vahI pRSTha 246 /
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________________ 68 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ke AdamiyoM ko maiM mauta ke ghATa utAra duuNgaa| khalIphA ke isa Adeza ke prApta hote hI usmAna ne araba senA ko tatkAla umAna vApisa bulA liyaa| / usI avadhi meM usmAna ke bhAI ne bhaDauMca para AkramaNa karane ke liye araba senA bhejI kintu cacanAme ke ullekhAnusAra sindha pradeza ke rAjA caca (sindha ke itihAsa-prasiddha rAjA dAhira ke pitA) ne devala ke pAsa araboM kI senA ko yuddha meM parAsta kara araba senA ke senApati mugairA-abula-AzI ko mAra DAlA / khalIphA umara ne basarA (IrAka) ke hAkima abU-mUsA-prazAkI ko sindha kI rAjanaitika evaM sainika sthiti kA vivaraNa likha bhejane kA Adeza diyaa| apane eka aphasara ko makarAna evaM kiramAna bheja kara sindha kI sthiti ke sambandha meM jAnakArI kara lene ke pazcAt basarA ke hAkima ne khalIphA ko likhA ki sindha kA rAjA zaktizAlI dharmaniSTha aura mana kA mailA hai| yaha par3hakara khalIphA ne abU-mUsA ko Adeza bhejA ki sindha ke rAjA ke sAtha jihAda (dharmayuddha) nahIM karanA cAhiye / hi0 san 22 meM abdullA-bina-grAmara ne kiramAnaM aura sijistAna para vijaya prApta karane ke pazcAt sindha meM bhI senA bhejanA cAhA kintu khalIphA umara ne anumati pradAna nahIM kii| hijarI san 23 meM khalIphA umara-bina-khattAba kA dehAvasAna ho jAne para hasara khalIphA huaa| vaha kevala 6 mAsa taka hI khalIphA pada para raha sakA / usmAna ke senApati muAviyA ne usase khalIphA kI gaddI chIna lI aura vaha svayaM khalIphA bana baiThA / isa prakAra muhammada sA0 ke bahistagamana ke 23 varSa pazcAt hI khilAphata kI gaddI ke liye paraspara lar3AI-jhagar3e prArambha ho gye| majahabI junUna kA sthAna sAMsArika aizvarya ne le liyA aura pada, pratiSThA evaM sattA hathiyAne kI lAlasA islAma ke sudRr3ha saMgaThana meM uttarottara bar3hane lgii| khalIphA muAviyA ummiyAda vaMza kA thA ataH vaha aura usake uttarAdhikArI athavA uttaravartI 13 khalIphe ummiyAdavaMzI kahalAye / ummiyAdavaMzI khalIphAoM kI rAjadhAnI damizka rhii| khalIphoM kI mUla zAkhA meM hasana ke pazcAt hi0 san 24 meM usmAna khalIphA banA, jo hi0 san 35 paryanta 11 varSa taka khalIphA rahA / usmAna ke pazcAt hi0 san 35 se 40 taka alI khalIphA pada para rahA / khilAphata ke takhta para jyoMhI alI baiThA, tyoMhI loga usakI yaha kahakara mukhAlaphata karane lage ki vaha khilAphata kI gaddI kA asalI hakadAra nahIM hai / isa pArasparika kalaha ne ugra hote-hote lar3AI kA 1. iliyaTa, hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA, jilda 1 pRSTha 415-16 2. , , vahI , pRSTha 416 3. iliyaTa, hisTrI prApha iNDiyA, ji0 1, pR0 417 4. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pahalA khaNDa, projhA, pRSTha 246 kA TippaNa
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| khArijina logoM ke sAtha alI kA yuddha huA aura usameM vaha parAjita huA / antatogatvA hi0 san 40-I0 san 661 meM alI mArA gayA / usakI mRtyu ke anantara bahuta se musalamAnoM ne alI ke mata ko aMgIkAra kiyA aura ve ziyA musalamAna ke nAma se prasiddha hue| IrAna ke musalamAna aura bhArata ke dAUdI bohare alI ke ziyA mata ke anuyAyI haiN|' ___ khalIphA umara ke jIvanakAla meM araba ke senApati mugairA ke netRtva meM bhaDauMca para AkramaNa karane ke lakSya se bar3hatI haI araba senA ko sindha ke rAjA caca dvArA devala ke pAsa hue yuddha meM jo mu~ha kI khAnI par3I thI aura usa yuddha meM araba senA kA senApati mugairA sindha ke rAjA caca ke sainikoM ke hAthoM mAra diyA gayA thA, usI ke kAraNa araba senAoM ne hijarI san 62 taka arthAt muhammada sA0 ko svargastha hue 81 varSa vyatIta ho jAne taka bhArata para AkramaNa karane kA sAhasa nahIM kiyA / isa prakAra bhArata hijarI san 62 taka araboM ke AkramaNa se eka prakAra se ekadama achUtA sA rahA / hijarI san 86 meM khalIphA valIda khilAphata kI gaddI para AsIna huA aura hijarI san 16 taka vaha sattA meM rahA / valIda ne khalIphA banate hI apane senApati hArU ko makarAna para AkramaNa karane kA Adeza diyaa| senApati hArU ne makarAna para hi0 san 87 meM vijaya prApta kara bahuta se bilocoM ko musalamAna banAyA aura isa prakAra vi0 saM0 763 meM musalamAna bhArata ke nitAnta nikaTa A phuNce| khalIphA valIda ke gaddI para AsIna hone ke lagabhaga tIna-cAra varSa pazcAt anumAnataH hi0 san 60 ke Asa-pAsa eka aisI ghaTanA ghaTita huI, jisase bhArata ke sAtha araba ke saMgharSa kA sUtrapAta huA / jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai saraMdvIpa (siMhala athavA laMkA) ke vyApArI pUrvakAla meM aphrIkA ke lAla sAgara (Red Sea) ke taTa para tathA IrAna kI ghATI ke tabvartI pradezoM meM samudrI mArga se apane jahAjoM dvArA mAla lAyA le jAyA karate the| muhammada sAhaba dvArA islAma pracAra prArambha kiye jAne ke pazcAt laMkA ke vyApArI jaba araba ke musalamAnoM ke samparka meM Aye to laMkA ke una vyApAriyoM meM se bahuta se vyApArI islAma ke anuyAyI ho gaye aura isa prakAra unakA araba AnA jAnA evaM vahAM ke logoM (musalamAnoM) ke sAtha una vyApAriyoM kA saMparka bar3hatA hI gyaa| eka bAra saraMdvIpa ke rAjA ne apane deza kI bahumUlya vastuoM se ladA eka jahAja khalIphA valIda ko bheMTa svarUpa saraMdvIpa se bagadAda kI ora bhejA / mAla se bhare usa jahAja ke sAtha aura bhI anya 7 jahAja 1. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pahalA khaNDa, aojhA, pRSTha 250
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________________ 70 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 the, jinameM katipaya musalamAna parivAra karbalA kI yAtrArtha jA rahe the| tatkAlIna sindha rAjya meM avasthita devala nAmaka sthAna meM pahuMcane para vahAM (ThaTTe) ke rAjA (sAmanta) kI AjJA se usa mAla se bhare laMkA ke jahAja ko lUTa liyA gayA aura sAta jahAjoM meM savAra muslima yAtriyoM ko hirAsata meM le liyA gyaa| una kaidiyoM meM se katipaya yAtrI yena-kena-prakAreNa kaida se nikala kara araba evaM IrAna ke prazAsaka hajjAja ke pAsa phariyAda le gaye / hajjAja apane samaya kA eka bar3A hI bahAdura senApati thA, jise ummiyAda vaMza ke pAMcaveM khalIphA abdula malika ne araba aura IrAna kA zAsaka niyukta kiyA thaa| hajjAja ke liye kahA jAtA hai ki vaha eka aisA nirdayI prakRti kA zAsaka thA ki usane apane jIvanakAla meM 1,20,000 AdamiyoM ko mauta ke ghATa utaravA diyA aura usakI mRtyu ke samaya 50,000 AdamI usakI hirAsata meM the|' jahAja ke lUTa liye jAne evaM karbalA ke yAtriyoM ko kaida kara liye jAne ke samAcAra suna kara hajjAja ne jo kAryavAhI kI isa para rAya bahAdura gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA ne iliyaTa, phiriztA Adi labdhapratiSTha itihAsavidoM ke granthoM ke nididhyAsana evaM purAtAtvika aitihAsika mahatva ke avazeSoM ke AdhAra para gahana zodha ke anantara apanI aitihAsika kRti "rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa (pahalA khaNDa)" meM vizada prakAza DAlA hai, jisakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : ____ "hajjAja ne siMdha ke mahArAjA caca ke putra dAhira ko patra likhakara nivedana kiyA ki unake vazavartI ThaTTe ke rAjA ne khalIphA ko bheMTa kI jAne vAlI vastuoM se bhare jahAja ko lUTA hai aura karbalA ke yAtriyoM se bhare sAta jahAjoM ko apane adhikAra meM liyA hai, ve sAtoM jahAja pUre mAla-asabAba aura yAtriyoM sahita hameM bhejane ke lie apane sAmanta ko Apa majabUra kreN| hajjAja ne vaha patra makarAna ke hAkima hArU ke mAdhyama se dAhira ke pAsa phuNcaayaa| apane patra kA dAhira kI ora se jo uttara hajjAja ko prApta huA usase use saMtoSa nahIM huA / usane mAla, jahAja tathA yAtriyoM ko ThaTTe ke rAjA se prApta karane aura bhArata meM islAma ke pracAra hetu khalIphA valIda se bhArata para AkramaNa karane kI AjJA prApta kara budamIna nAmaka eka senAnI ko 300 ghur3asavAroM ke sAtha ThaTTe kI ora tatkAla prasthita hone kA Adeza diyaa| isa Adeza ke sAtha hI hajjAja ne makarAna ke hAkima hArU ko bhI likhA ki vaha devala para AkramaNa hetu budamIna kI sahAyatA ke liye eka sahasra azvArohiyoM kI senA devala kI ora bheje / budamIna ne 1300 ghur3asavAroM kI senA ke sAtha devala kI ora prayANa kiyA kintu ThaTTe ke rAjA kI senA ne use devala kI ora bar3hane se roka diyaa| donoM senAoM ke bIca bhayaMkara yuddha 1. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, khaM0 1 aojhA, pRSTha 251 2. briga, phiriztA, jilda 4, pRSTha 403
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya 1 [ 71 huA usa yuddha ke prArambha hote hI araba senA kA senAnAyaka budamIna apane bahuta se sainikoM ke sAtha raNAMgaNa meM mAra DAlA gayA / isa prakAra jo araba senA apane tUphAnI AkramaNoM se sIriyA, philistIna, misra, IrAna, samarakanda, pharagAnA, tAsakanda, khokanda Adi para apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAtI huI pUrvI turkistAna meM tUphAna aura cIna taka eka pracaNDa prAMdhI kI bhAMti prAnana-phAnana meM hI bar3ha cukI thI, usI araba senA ke eka aMga ko AryadharA para dUsarI bAra ( pahalI bAra hi0 san 21-22 meM aura dUsarI bAra hi0 san 86 meM) parAjaya kA mukha dekhanA par3A | tadanantara hajjAja ne hi0 san 63, tadnusAra vi0 saM0 768 evaM I0 san 711 meM apane cacere bhAI evaM dAmAda imAmuddIna mohammada bina kAsima ko 6000 asIriyana azvArohiyoM kI sazakta senA, Adhunika "naipAma bama" kI kisma ke agni prajjvalita kara dene vAle naphte Adi ke vizAla jakhIre ke sAtha, dekara brAhmaNoM ke nagara devala (siMdha) para AkramaNa karane kA Adeza diyA / imAmuddIna mohammada bina kAsima ke senApatitva meM araba senA ne nagara para gherA DAlane ke uddezya se devala kI ora kUca kiyA / mArga meM nagara se pahale eka prati vizAla mandira thA, jisake cAroM ora prati sudRr3ha evaM durbhedya dIvAra kA parakoTA banA huA thA / mandira ke gaganacumbI zikhara para atyucca dhvajadaNDa se lagI huI dhvajA nIla gagana meM lahara-lahara laharAtI huI mAno, bhavya bhaktoM ko mandira kI ora Amantrita kara rahI thI / devala ke brAhmaNoM kI yaha dRr3ha AsthA thI ki usa dhvajadaNDa meM adbhuta camatkArapUrNa daivI zakti hai / araba senA ke senApati kAsima ne markaTI yantra sannaddha karavA yantra - cAlakoM ko usa dhvajadaNDa para bhArI bharakama prastara khaNDoM se prahAra karane kA Adeza diyA / zilopama vizAla pASANa khaNDoM ke do sadhe prahAroM ke uparAnta bhI usa dhvajadaNDa para lagI patAkA pUrvavat nabhomaNDala meM phaharAtI hI rahI / kintu tIsarI bAra ke prastura prahAra se vaha dhvajadaNDa TUTakara dhvajA ke sAtha bhUlu Thita ho gayA / yaha dekhakara vahAM ke nivAsiyoM ke andhavizvAsa ke sAtha hI unakI jIvana prAzA bhI tirohita ho gaI / araboM kI prabala sainya zakti ke samakSa apanI sainya zakti ko aparyApta samajha kara mandira evaM nagara kI rakSArtha niyata sindha ke rAjA dAhira kA choTA putra phaujI brAhmaNAbAda kI ora apanI senA ke sAtha bhAga gyaa| prAcIra aura mandira ko bhUmisAt kara kAsima ne apanI senA ko katleAma ( sAmUhika saMhAra ) aura lUTa ke Adeza diye / 17 varSa se Upara kI Ayu ke sabhI 1. 3. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, khaNDa 1, ( probhA), pRSTha 250 vahI, pRSTha 250 para senApati mugairA aura pRSTha 251 araba senApati budamIna kI sindhI senA ke hAthoM parAjaya aura mRtyu kA vivaraNa / naphthA taiyAra karane kA prajjvalanazIla drava padArtha, usa samaya kevala araba meM hI upalabdha thA / isakA prayoga sambhavataH taba taka kevala araboM taka hI sImita thA /
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________________ 72 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 brAhmaNoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA gayA / vRddhAoM ko chor3a zeSa bAlaka-bAlikAnoM evaM abalAoM ko bandI banA liyA gayA / mandira kI lUTa se jo pracura mAtrA meM dhana upalabdha huA, usakA 5vAM bhAga, 75 bandI navor3hAoM ke sAtha hajjAja ko bheja diyA gayA aura zeSa saba araba sainikoM meM bAMTa diyA gayA / tadanantara sehabAna Adi sthAnoM ko naSTa karatA huA kAsima apanI senA ke sAtha sindha ke mahArAjA dAhira kI ora bddh'aa| dAhira kA bar3A rAjakumAra harirAya eka sazakta senA ke sAtha, bar3hatI huI araba senA kA mArga roka kara sammukha * DaTA / araba sainika hatAza ho cuke the aura unake pAsa yuddha kA sAmAna bhI samAptaprAyaH hone AyA thA, ataH kAsima ne hajjAja ko naI senA evaM zastrAstroM kI naI khepa zIghra hI bhejane kA sandeza bhejA aura apanI senA ko morce banAkara unameM DaTe rahane kA Adeza diyA / "naI senA ke sAtha zastrAstroM kI khepa bhI zIghra hI Ane vAlI hai" - punaH punaH apane isa AzvAsana bhare vAkya ko doharAte hue kAsima ne apane sainikoM ke manobala ko zithila nahIM hone diyA / araba senA kI naI kumuka kI pratIkSA meM kAsima apanI senA ko sudRr3ha morcoM meM hI sannaddha rakha kara apane sainikoM ke utsAha ko bar3hAne ke sAtha-sAtha yuddha ko TAlatA rahA / rAjakumAra harirAya yadi araba senA kI isa prakAra kI Antarika kamajorI kA patA lagA tatkAla AkramaNa kara detA to saMbhavataH sthiti kucha aura hI hotI, yuddha kA pAsA hI palaTa gayA hotA / parantu harirAya ko zatrusenA ke senApati kAsima ne apanI isa prakAra kI prAntarika kamajorI kA AbhAsa taka nahIM hone diyA aura harirAya kI ora se araba senA para vilamba ho jAnA araboM ke lie varadAna aura bhArata ke liye abhizApa siddha huA / harirAya kI ora se AkramaNa na ' hone ke kAraNa araboM ne morcoM ko dRr3ha kiyA / isa avadhi meM kAsima ko 1000 azvArohI senA kI naI kumuka zastrAstroM ke vipula bhaNDAra ke sAtha prApta ho gaI / zastrAstroM ke suvizAla jakhIre ke sAtha naI kumuka ke prA jAne para araba senA ke utsAha kA pArAvAra na rahA / donoM senAoM ke sainika apane-apane morcoM se Age bar3ha kara zatruoM para TUTa par3e / aneka dinoM taka donoM senAoM ke bIca jama kara bhISaNa yuddha hue / donoM ora ke sainikoM ne apane-apane utkaTa zaurya evaM raraNa-kauzala kA paricaya diyA kintu vijayazrI ne kisI kA varaNa nahIM kiyA / nirNAyaka yuddha ke liye kaTibaddha ho sindha kA mahArAjA dAhira bhI ba apane jyeSTha rAjakumAra harirAya kI senA se jA milA / dAhira kI senA meM arabetara dezoM ke muslima yoddhA bhI the jinhoMne dAhira kI zaraNa graharaNa kara lI thI / hijarI san 63 tadnusAra I0 san 715 kI tArIkha 10, ramajAna ke dina sainya saMcAlana kI bAgaDora apane hAthoM meM liye dAhira ne araboM para bhISaNa prAkramaraNa kiyA / araba azvArohiyoM kA saMhAra karatA huA dAhira zatru senA ke madhya-bhAga taka jA
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] pahu~cA / karAla kAla kI bhAMti apanI ora bar3hate hue dAhira aura usake yoddhAoM para cAroM ora se araboM kI dhanurdhara senA apane dhanuSoM kI pratyaMcAoM para jalate hue naphthoM (jvalanazIla drava padArtha) se nirmita agnivarSaka goloM se sajjita tIroM kI varSA karane lgii| prANoM ko hathelI meM rakhe dAhira zatru senA kA saMhAra karatA huA adbhuta zaurya ke sAtha nirantara Age kI ora bar3hatA hI calA jA rahA thaa| aisA pratIta ho rahA thA ki vijayazrI dAhira kA varaNa karane hI vAlI hai| isa prakAra kI nirNAyaka ghar3iyoM meM araba tIraMdAja ke tIra se jur3A jalatA huA naphthA sindhurAja dAhira ke zvetavarNa hAthI ke mukha para tIra ke sAtha gaharAI taka A ghusaa| agnigolaka-naphthe kI jvAlAoM ke dAha se dAhira kA hAthI tilamilA uThA aura pAnI meM DubakI lagAne hetu druta gati se nadI kI ora bhaagaa| rAjA ke hAthI ko sahasA raNAMgaNa chor3a bhAgate dekha sindharAja ke adhikAMza sainikoM ne samajhA ki unakA svAmI Ahata ho raNa-bhUmi se palAyana kara rahA hai| ata: ve bhI zatru ko pITha dikhA palAyana karane lge| dAhira kA yuddhonmatta gajarAja nadI meM DubakiyAM lagA agnigolaka kI jvAlAoM kA zamana... kara zatrusainya ko kucalatA huA punaH raNAMgaNa meM A DaTA / dAhira ne apane sainikoM ko zatruoM kA saMhAra karane ke liye llkaaraa| apane rAjAdhirAja ko zatruoM para TUTate dekha sindharAja ke sainika bhI punaH sugaThita ho araba senA para TUTa pdd'e| donoM ora kI senAe~ prANapaNa se jUjhane lagIM / yuddha ghoSoM ke gaganabhedI ghoSoM ke bIca yuddha punaH pracaNDatA kI parAkASTA ko pAra karane lgaa| sahasA eka tIra sindha ke mahArAjA dAhira ke vakSa-sthala meM lagA aura gaharAI taka ghusa gyaa| isa marmabhedI prahAra se pAhata ho dAhira pRthvI para gira pdd'aa| yadyapi ghAva bar3A ghAtaka thA tathApi apanI mAtRbhUmi kI apane antima zvAsa taka rakSA ke dRr3ha-saMkalpa ke sAtha mahArAjA dAhira tatkAla uTha khar3A huA aura azva para ArUr3ha ho dAMtoM se ghor3e kI lagAma thAme vikarAla bhairava kI bhAMti donoM hAthoM se apane sammukha evaM apane donoM pAvaoN kI ora jUjha rahe zatrusainya para khaDga-prahAra karane lagA / dAhira dvArA donoM hAthoM se kiye tIkSNa talavAroM kI teja dhAroM kA tIkhA pAnI pI kara saikar3oM zatru ruNDa-muNDavihIna ho raNAMgaNa kI zayyA para sadA-sarvadA ke lie, kabhI na TUTane vAlI pragAr3ha nidrA meM dharAzAyI hone lge| pralayakAla kI kAlI-kAlI saghana ghanaghaTAoM meM damakatI huI vidyullatAoM kI bhAMti dAhira ke donoM hAthoM kI talavAreM raNAMgaNa meM cAroM ora zatrusamUha kI grIvAoM para kauMdhane lgiiN| raNAMgaraNa muNDavihIna azvoM evaM azvArohiyoM kI lahUluhAna lothoM se paTa-sA gyaa| hatAhata subhaToM evaM azvoM ke aMga-pratyaMga se pravAhita lAla-lAla lahU kI dhArAoM se rakta varNa banA raNAMgaNa maccha-kaccha saMkula lAlasAgara-sA pratIta hone lgaa| agaNita zatruoM ko mRtyu kI goda meM sulA dene ke anantara antatogatvA vIravara dAhira bhI AtatAyiyoM se mAtR-bhUmi kI rakSA hetu apane pralamba bhujadaNDoM meM kasa kara pakar3I huI tegoM ke tIvra prahAroM dvArA zatruoM kA
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________________ 74 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 apane antima zvAsa taka saMhAra karatA huA vIragati ko prApta huaa|' dAhaka agnigolaka naphthe jaise abhinava evaM viziSTa astra-zastroM se susajjita zatru senA ko bhISaNa kSati ke uparAnta bhI antatogatvA vijayazrI aura isa prakAra ke dUra mAraka zastrAstroM ke abhAva-svarUpa sindhurAja dAhira kI senA ko parAjaya prApta huii| dAhira kI senA ko parAsta kara kAsima ne apanI senA ke sAtha ajadara arthAt Uca kI aora prayAraNa kiyaa| sindharAja kI senA kI parAjaya aura araba senA ke apanI ora prayANa ke samAcAra sunate hI dAhira kA putra Uca ke gar3ha ko rikta kara apanI senA ke sAtha brAhmaNAbAda kI ora palAyana kara gyaa| apane putra ko klIba kI bhAMti kSAtradharma se vimukha huA suna dAhira kI mahArAnI ne apane pati kA anusaraNa karate hue sainya saMcAlana kA kArya apane kaMdhoM para liyA aura 15,000 sainikoM ko sAtha le vaha zatruoM kA saMhAra karane ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha raNAMgaNa kI ora bar3hI / vIragati prApta apane patideva kA pratizodha lene ke liye vaha raNAMgaNa meM AtatAyiyoM ke sammukha jA DaTI / satI dharma ko sahI arthoM meM caritArtha karate hue usane svargastha pati kA tatkAla anugamana karane ke lie agnisnAna ke sthAna para zatruoM kA saMhAra karate hue asidhArA se pravAhita AtatAyiyoM ke rakta se snAna karate hue raNAMgaNa meM prAtmayajJa karane kA mArga cunaa| raNacaNDI kA rUpa dhAraNa kiye mahArAnI bhUkhI siMhinI kI bhAMti zatrusainya para TUTa par3I aura bar3I tIvra gati se zatruoM kA saMhAra karane lgii| usa kSatrANI ke adRSTapUrva zaurya evaM yuddha-kauzala ko dekha zatrusenA hata-prabha ho gaI / antatogatvA arabI dhanurdharoM dvArA kI gaI agnigolaka naphthoM se saMyuta tIroM kI dhuAMdhAra varSA se raNAMgaNa ne agni-jvAlAnoM se dhukadhukAtI-lapalapAtI eka ati vizAla bhISaNa bhaTTI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| naphthoM kI Aga meM jalate-jhulasate apane sainikoM ko isa prakAra kI avazAvasthA se ubArane kA anya koI upAya na dekha usa kSatrANI ne apanI senA ko nagara ke sudRr3ha gar3ha meM morce samhAla kara zatruoM ke saMhAra kA aAdeza diyaa| bhISaNa yuddha ke anantara apanI avaziSTa senA ke sAtha usa vIrAMganA ne gar3ha meM praveza kara apane sainikoM ko morce samhAla kara zatruoM para zastrAstroM kI varSA karane kA Adeza diyaa| sabhI morcoM para apane yoddhAoM kA utsAha bar3hAtI huI sindharAjya kI rAjezvarI ne sadhe saroM kI varSA evaM vibhinna prakAra ke zastrAstroM ke prahAroM se zatrusenA kA saMhAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| aneka mAsa taka kAsima ne gar3ha ko cAroM ora se ghere rkhaa| usane gar3ha ko tor3ane ke saMkalpa ke sAtha aneka bAra gar3ha meM praviSTa hone ke prayAsa kiye kintu pratyeka bAra use gar3havijaya ke sthAna para sainika kSati kA hI mukha dekhanA par3A / antatogatvA gar3ha meM saMcita anna evaM yuddhasAmagrI ke samAptaprAyaH ho jAne para usa kSatrANI ne abalAyoM ko jauhara kI anumati pradAna kara gar3ha ke dvAra khulavAye aura kesariyA paridhAna pahane apanI 1. biga, phiriztA, ji0 4, pR0 408 /
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 75 avaziSTa rAjapUta senA ko sAtha liye zatruoM kI senA para khaDga prahAra karatI huI TUTa pdd'ii| aneka AtatAyiyoM ko yamadhAma pahu~cAne ke anantara kSAtradharma kA akSaraza: pAlana karate hue Anakhazikha asidhArAoM ke prahAroM se kSatavikSata huI usa zauryazAlinI kSatrANI ne raNAMgaNa meM hI sahI arthoM meM satIdharma kI anupAlanApUrvaka patiloka ko prayANa kiyA / ' AtatAyiyoM se mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA hetu raNAMgaNa meM balidAna hone vAlI usa zUramA kSatrANI kI utkaTa zaurya se aotaprota gauravagAthAeM itihAsa ke pRSThoM para sadA-sadA svarNAkSaroM meM likhI jAtI rheNgii| mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA hetu AtatAyI araboM ko mauta ke ghATa utArate hue sindhurAja dAhira, usakI mahArAnI aura zatrusaMhAraka sahasroM zUramAoM ke vIra gati ko prApta ho jAne ke anantara araba senA ne gar3ha meM praveza kiyaa| durgarakSaka 6000 rAjapUta yoddhAoM ne apane antima zvAsa taka paga-paga para pratirodhapurassara zatruoM kA saMhAra karate hue mAtRbhUmi kI balivedI para apane prANoM kI Ahuti dii| phiriztA ne kahIM isa tathya kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai ki bhArata para kiye gaye isa AkramaNa meM araba senA ke kitane sainika mAre gye| kintu kAsima dvArA devala para AkramaNa kiye jAne aura usa para vijaya ke anantara jaba dAhira kA bar3A putra harirAya eka sazakta senA lie yuddha hetu usake samakSa upasthita huA, usa samaya yuddha kI sAmagrI ke samApta ho jAne aura apane sainikoM ke hatAza ho jAne ke kAraNa araba senApati kAsima apanI senA ko sudRr3ha morce banAne aura unameM hI DaTe rahane kA Adeza de kara yuddha ko TAlane kA prayAsa karatA rahA / zastrAstroM kI vipula khepa aura azvArohiyoM kI naI kumuka ke prApta ho jAne para hI usane apane sainikoM ko morgoM se bAhara nikala kara harirAya kI senA ke sAtha yuddha karane kA Adeza diyA / use aneka dinoM taka harirAya ke sAtha aneka bAra bhISaNa yuddha karane par3e / tadanantara sindhurAja dAhira ne eka vizAla senA liye apane putra harirAya kI sahAyatArtha raNAMgaNa meM upasthita ho apanI donoM senAoM kA netRtva karate hue araboM kI senA ke sAtha bhISaNa saMhArakArI yuddha kiye / ina saba aitihAsika tathyoM ke ullekhoM se nirvivAdarUpeNa yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki araba senA ko vipula mAtrA meM rasada evaM sainika kumukeM nirantara prApta hotI rahIM aura sindha kI senAoM ke sAtha hue isa yuddha meM araba senA ko apUraNIya kSati uThAnI pdd'ii| isa prakAra kI apUraNIya sainika kSati ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI lagabhaga do dazakoM taka araba senA ne sindha se Age rAjapUtAnA athavA gujarAta kI dharA para Age bar3hanA to dUra, paira taka rakhane kA sAhasa nahIM kiyA / sindha ke rAjavaMza aura zUravIra sainikoM ne prANoM kI bali de kara bhI bar3I vIratA ke sAtha AtatAyiyoM se mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA ke prabala prayAsa meM kisI prakAra kI kora kasara nahIM rakhI kintu jana-dhana kI bhISaNa kSati uThAne ke - uparAnta bhI naphthe kI saMjJA se abhihita kiye jAne vAle dAhaka agnigolkoM ke 1. briga phiriztA, ji0 4, pR0 406 /
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________________ 76 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sahAre araba senA ne sindha rAjya para vijaya prApta kii| isa prakAra islAma ke udbhava ke lagabhaga 108 varSa pazcAt hijarI san 86 meM lagAtAra tIna varSa taka bhISaNa yuddhoM meM nirata rahane ke pazcAt bhArata ke pazcima pArzvastha sindha para musalamAnoM ke Adhipatya kI AdhAra-zilA sthApita ho gaI aura hijarI san 110 ke Asa-pAsa sindha meM junaida kI hAkima ke pada para niyukti ke sAtha hI sindha pradeza damizka ke khalIphAoM dvArA saMcAlita muslima rAjya bana gyaa|' dAhira ke gar3ha aura rAjamahala kI lUTa ke samaya kAsima ne dAhira kI anupama rUpasI do rAjakanyAoM-svarUpa devI evaM parimala devI ko bandI banA hajjAja ke mAdhyama se khalIphA valIda ke pAsa bheMTa svarUpa bhejaa| una donoM rAjakumAriyoM ne bhI apanI vIrAMganA mAtA ke padacinhoM para calate hue jauhara kI jvAlAoM meM jalane kI apekSA zatru se intakAma (badalA) lene kA mana hI mana dRr3hasaMkalpa kara liyA thA / phiriztA ke ullekhAnusAra hijarI san 66, tadanusAra I0 san 715 tathA vi0 saM0 772 meM jaba ve donoM rAjakumAriyAM ummiyAdavaMzI khalIphoM kI rAjadhAnI damizka meM khalIphA ke samakSa upasthita kI gaI to vaha unake adRSTapUrva anupama alaukika saundarya para vimugdha evaM kAma-vihvala ho unase kAmabhikSA kI yAcanA karane lgaa| apanI kanakalatA sI dehayaSTiyoM ko lajjAMtireka se sameTate-sakucAte evaM lambe-lambe dIrgha niHzvAsa chor3ate hue apane kRtrima Antarika udgAroM ko akRtrima sahaja mudrA meM abhivyakta karate hue una donoM sindharAjadulAriyoM ne zikavA-zikAyata bhare rupAMse svara meM khalIphA valIda se prArthanA kI"aya ! khudAbanda ke numAyande nekavakta khalIphA ! hama donoM ko ApakI pAka seja para kadama rakhane ke lAyaka nahIM rakhA gayA hai| Apake senApati kAsima ne hamAre kaumArya ko naSTa-bhraSTa evaM kaluSita kara diyA hai|" una donoM sahodarA rAjakanyAoM kI bAta sunate hI khalIphA krodhAtireka se tilamilA uThA / prakupta-prakruddha mudrA meM apane karataloM ko paraspara ragar3ate evaM dAMtoM ko pIsate hue khalIphA valIda ne AjJApatra likhavAyA ki isa Adeza ko par3hate hI tatkAla muhammada kAsima ko jIvita dazA meM hI baila ke tAjA gIle camar3e meM silavAkara zIghrAtizIghra hamAre (khalIphA valIda ke) samakSa pahuMcAyA jAya / khalIphA ke ukta Adeza ke pahuMcate hI usakI tatkAla akSaraza: anupAlanA kI gaI aura yathAzIghra baila ke camar3e meM sile muhammada kAsima ko khalIphA ke samakSa prastuta kiyA gayA / gIle camar3e ke zanaiH-zanaiH sUkhane sikur3ane ke pariNAmasvarUpa nirantara tIna dinoM taka dussahya, dAruNa nArakIya vedanA se chaTapaTAte hue kAsima ke prANa pakherU mArga meM hI dehapiMjare se ur3a cuke the| khalIphA ne sindhurAja kI paramasundara una donoM rAjakanyAoM ko apane pAsa bulAkara unake samakSa hI baila ke camar3e meM 1. iliyaTa, hisTrI Apha iNDiyA, ji0 1, pRSTha 441 / /
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya 1 [ 77 sile kAsima ke mRta zarIra ko bAhara nikalavAyA aura var3e rAva bhare svara meM bolA "khudA ke khalIphA kI avajJA karane vAloM ko hama isa prakAra kA kar3e se kar3A kaThora daNDa dete haiM / " apanI mAtRbhUmi AryadharA ke aMgasvarUpa sindhu pradeza kI svatantratA kA apaharaNa karane vAle AtatAyI muhammada kAsima ke niSprANa zarIra ko dekhate hI nissIma saMtoSa evaM anirvacanIya prasannatA se una donoM rAjakumAriyoM ke mukhakamala pArAvAravihIna parama santoSa se pramudita, pradIpta evaM praphullita ho uThe / apane antastala meM dhukadhukAtI pratizodha kI agni ke svayaM dvArA AviSkRta camatkArapUrNa caturAI kI cAla se apanI zata-pratizata prazAnurUpa pUrNataH zAnta kara liye jAne para una donoM sindhurAja rAjadulAriyoM ne apane Apako kRtakRtya samajhA / aba unheM apane jIvana se raMcamAtra bhI moha nahIM rahA / jIvita hI agni jvAlAoM meM jalA diye jAne kI apanI Antarika lalaka kI pRSThabhUmi kA nirmANa karatI huI, khilI navakaliyoM sI sukomala sukumAra rAjakumAriyoM ne khalIphA valIda ko Isat smita mudrA meM sambodhita kara kahA - "pro khalIphA ! hamArA kaumArya, hamArI asmata, hamArA satItva pUrNataH surakSita evaM akSata hai / kAsima ne hameM sadA sahodarA hamazIrAtroM kI bhAMti samajhA / usake isa anupama bemisAla guraNa kI jitanI prazaMsA kI jAya, utanI hI thor3I hai, kintu usane Apake Adeza se hamAre mAtA-pitA, bhrAtA evaM deza ke naunihAloM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra kara hamArI prANAdhika priyA svargAdapi garIyasI mAtRbhUmi sindha pradeza kI svAdhInatA ko naSTa kiyA hai / usake aura Apake isa kabhI na bhulAye jAne vAle vaira kA badalA lene kI utkaTa abhilASA se hI hamane anya kSatriya ramaNIratnoM, evaM kumAriyoM kI bhAMti apane Apako jauhara kI jvAlAoM meM na jalA kara Apa taka pahuMcane kA upakrama kiyA hai / kAsima ko usake mahatvAkAMkSI jIvana se aura Apako tathA Apake deza ko eka medhAvI raNazauMDIra senApati se vaMcita kara hamane prAtatAyiyoM ke akSamya aparAdhapUrNa vaira kA pratizodha le apane roma-roma ko jalAne vAlI intakAma kI Aga ko zAnta kara liyA hai / aba hama mRtyu kA AliMgana karane ke liye saharSa samudyata haiM / hameM saMtoSa hai ki baila ke gIle camar3e meM sile jA kara kAsima ne dussahya dAruNa duHkhabharI mAraNAntikI pIr3AoM se nirantara tIna dina taka tar3apa-tar3apa kara baila kI mauta mara prAtaMka bharI atyAcArapUrNa karaNI kA kaTutama phala pA liyA aura kAmAndha ho Apane jo kisI prakAra kI chAnabIna ke apane sarvAdhika suyogya evaM sacce svAmibhakta senApati ko berahamI se maravA DAlA hai, usake liye Apa jIvana bhara pazcAttApa kI Aga meM jalate raheMge / " una rAjakumAriyoM kI bAta suna kara khalIphA apanI bhUla ke liye pazcAtApa ke sAgara meM gote lagAtA rahA / karNa paramparA se isa prakAra kI kiMvadantI calI A rahI hai ki khalIphA ne una donoM rAjakumAriyoM ko tatkAla apanI dRSTi
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________________ 78 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 se dUra haTA agni- jvAlAoM meM jhoMka dene kA Adeza diyaa| siMha kI guphA meM praviSTa ho siMha ke mukha meM hAtha DAlane tulya una rAjakumAriyoM jaisA stutya sAhasa AryadharA bhArata kI sannAriyoM ke atirikta vizva ke itihAsa meM anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA / hi0 san 63 se 66 taka nirantara tIna varSa paryanta sindhurAja dAhira kI sainya zakti se jUjhate rahane ke pazcAt mohammada kAsima ne sindha meM bhAratIya rAjA ke rAjya ko samApta kara diyA aura talavAra ke bala para sindhuvAsiyoM ko sAmUhika rUpa se islAma kabUla karavAyA / isa sAmUhika dharma-parivartana ke samaya jesA nAmaka sindhurAja dAhira ke eka putra ne bhI islAma dharma svIkAra kiyA aura zanaiH zanaiH usane sindha pradeza meM apanA rAjya sthApita kara liyA / lagabhaga 10 varSa taka usane sindha ke kucha bhU-bhAga para zAsana kiyA / hi0 san 105 meM hazAma khalIphA banA aura vaha hi0 san 125 taka ( I0 san 724 se 743 paryanta ) khalIphA pada para rahA / usane hi0 san 110 ke AsapAsa apane eka junaida nAmaka senApati ko sindha kA hAkima banA kara paryApta saMkhyA meM azvArohI senA de sindha meM bhejA / junaida ke sindhu nadI para pahuMcate hI dAhira ke putra jaisA ke sAtha eka jhIla meM naukA yuddha huA / jesA jisa naukA meM savAra ho araba se prAye navAgantuka hAkima junaida se yuddha kara rahA thA, usa samaya usakI naukA DUba gaI / junaida ne jesA ko bandI banA kucha hI samaya pazcAt mAra DAlA / apanI rAha ke kaNTaka jesA ko mAra kara junaidA ne sindha meM araboM ke zAsana ko sudRr3ha evaM sugaThita banAne kA abhiyAna prArambha kiyA aura thor3e hI samaya meM usane apane kArya meM saphalatA prApta kara lI / isase utsAhita ho junaida ne I0 san 734 meM zastrAstroM se laisa eka zaktizAlI senA le bhArata ke dakSiNApatha para araboM kI vijaya - vaijayantI phaharAne kI mahatvAkAMkSA ke sAtha kaccha kI rAha se Age bar3hanA prArambha kiyA / kaccha, saurASTra, cApotkaTa, maurya Adi choTe-choTe rAjyoM ko naSTa kara junaida ne navasArI gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyA / " 2 jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, cAlukyarAja vikramAditya dvitIya ke pratinidhi gujarAta ke rAjyapAla pulakezin ne rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA dantidurga kI sahAyatA se araba senA kA bhISaNa saMhAra kara use yuddha meM burI taraha parAjita kiyA / isa yuddha meM huI apanI sainya zakti aura jana-dhana kI apUraNIya kSati hatotsAhita ho sindha kA hAkima junaida apanI avaziSTa senA ke sAtha raNAMgaNa chor3a bar3I drutagati se palAyana karatA huA punaH apane rAjya sindha meM jA ghusA / apane pratinidhi gujarAta ke rAjyapAla pulakezin dvArA pradarzita utkaTa sAhasa 1. lATa ke solaMkI sAmanta pulakezina kA kalcurI saM0 460, I0 san 740 kA dAna-patra | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR0 623
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________________ bhArata para muslima rAjya ] [ 76 pUrNa raNakauzala se harSavibhora ho cAlukyarAja vikramAditya dvitIya ne use "dakSiNApatha sAdhAra", "cAlukya kulAlaMkAra", "pRthvIvallabha aura anivartakanivartayita" (pIche kI ora nahIM lauTane vAle durjeya zatruoM ko bhagA dene vAlA)-ina cAra sarvocca sammAnAspada upAdhiyoM athavA virudoM se vibhUSita kiyA / ' pulakezin aura rASTrakUTa vaMzI rAjA dantidurga ke zaurya kI araboM para aisI dhAka jama gaI ki apanI isa ghora parAjaya ke pazcAt IsA kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa taka unhoMne bhArata para bar3e paimAne ke AkramaNa kA sAhasa hI nahIM kiyaa| __ raghuvaMzI pratihAra rAjA nAgAvaloka kI prazaMsA meM pratihAra rAjA bhojadeva kI gvAliyara prazasti meM nimnalikhita uTaiMkita haiM : tadvaMze pratihAraketanabhRti trailokya rakSAspade, . devo nAgabhaTaH purAtanamunermUtirabhUvAdbhutam / yenAsau sukRtapramAthibalucamlecchAdhipAkSauhiNI, kSundAnasphuradugraheti rucirairdobhizcatubhirbabhau // 4 // isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki pratihAravaMzI rAjA nAgAvaloka ne junada ke senApatitva meM madhyapradeza evaM dakSiNApatha kI ora bar3hatI huI vizAla araba senA ke sAtha yuddha kiyaa| araba senA ko apUraNIya kSati pahuMcA burI taraha parAjita karane aura use punaH sindha kI ora palAyana karane ke liye bAdhya karane meM pulakezin aura rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA dantidurga kI bhAMti kannaujapati raghuvaMzI pratihAra rAjA nAgAvaloka kA bhI atyadhika mahatvapUrNa sakriya yogadAna rhaa| kannojapati nAgAvaloka apara nAma aAmarAja, jainadharmAvalambI thA / isakA paricaya isa granthamAlA ke tRtIya puSpa meM diyA jA cukA hai| isa prakAra pulakezin, dantidurga aura nAgAvaloka jaise prabala parAkramI dezabhakta rAjAoM ne bhArata para AkramaNa karane vAlI araba senAoM kI bar3hatI huI zakti ko kucala kara unake manobala ko aisA kSINa kara diyA ki isa parAjaya ke pazcAt lagabhaga DhAI zatAbdiyoM taka landroMne bhArata kI ora aAMkha taka uThAne kA sAhasa nahIM kiyaa| islAma ke abhyudaya se lekara usake prasAra aura bhArata para AkramaNoM kA bar3e vistAra ke sAtha vivaraNa isa dRSTi se prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki musalamAnoM 1. (a) rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pahalA khaNDa, pR0 256 (ba) nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA bhAga 1, pRSTha 210-11 2. AkiyAlojikala sarve Apha iNDiyA, I0 san 1903-4 kI riporTa, pRSTha 280 3. vistAra ke liye dekhiye, jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pRSTha 656-61
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________________ 80 [ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 dvArA bhArata para kiye gaye prAkramaraNoM, lUTa, sAmUhika saMhAra, balAtsAmUhika dharmaparivartanoM, bhArata ke tatkAlIna abhinna aMga sindha pradeza para islAmI hukUmata kI saMsthApanA Adi ghaTanAoM kA vaiSNava, zaiva, bauddha Adi vibhinna bhAratIya dharmoM kI bhAMti jaina dharma evaM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para bhI ghAtaka prabhAva par3A / na kevala Agamika AdhAroM para hI apitu prAcIna purAtAtvika avazeSoM se bhI yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM se pUrva anekoM sahasrAbdiyoM taka sindha pradeza jaina dharma aura jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA sudRr3ha gar3ha raha cukA hai / caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parama zraddhAniSTha bhakta sindhu - sauvIra ke mahArAjA udAyana ne prabhu ke pAsa bhAgavatI zramaraNa dIkSA aMgIkAra kara mokSapada prApta kiyA thA / udAyana ke zAsanakAla meM svayaM zramaraNa bha0 mahAvIra sindhu- sauvIra rAjya kI rAjadhAnI vItabhayA meM padhAre the / sarvajJa - sarvadarzI prabhu mahAvIra ke amogha upadezoM ko suna kara sindha pradeza aura sauvIra ke nivAsI kitanI bar3I saMkhyA meM jainadharma ke zraddhAniSTha anuyAyI bane hoMge, isakA Aja anumAna taka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kintu sindha para araba senAoM ke prAkramaraNa kAla meM jo sAmUhika saMhAra, sAmUhika balAt dharma-parivartana hue, sAmUhika rUpa se sindha ke nivAsiyoM ko talavAra kI tIkSNa dhAra ke bala para musalamAna banAyA gayA / jisane apanA dharma chor3anA svIkAra nahIM kiyA use mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA gayA / usa sabakA pariNAma yaha huA ki sindha meM jaina dharma athavA jaina dharma ke anuyAyI kI bAta to dUra, vahAM jaina dharma kA nAma taka lene vAlA avaziSTa nahIM rahA / isa saba hRdayadrAvI ghaTanA cakra se pratyeka pAThaka pUrI taraha paricita ho jAgarUka bana jAya aura apanI bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ko sadA jAgarUka rahane kA saMdeza detA rahe, isI saduddezya se vistArapUrvaka isa saba ghaTanA cakra kA vivaraNa yahAM prastuta kiyA gayA hai /
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________________ jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa (caturtha bhAga ) sAmAnya zrutadhara khaNDa (2) sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla kA agretana itihAsa (vIra ni. saM. 1476 se vIra ni. saM. 2000 taka)
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________________
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________________ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 48veM paTTadhara AcArya zrI UmaNa RSi janma dIkSA AcAryapada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya AcArya paryAya pUrNa saMyama paryAya pUrNa Ayu vIra ni0 saM0 1474 meM prAcArya zrI kalazaprabha ke caturvidha saMgha ne munizreSTha zrI UmaraNa RSi ko prabhu mahAvIra ke pada para adhiSThita kiyA / apanI 25 varSa kI sAdhu paryAya evaM paryAya meM zramaraNa bha0 mahAvIra ke caturvidha dharmasaMgha kI Apane 45 varSa taka mahatI sevA kI / apane prAcAryakAla meM cAroM ora caityavAsI, maThavAsI, zvetAmbara bhaTTAraka, digambara bhaTTAraka Adi dravya paramparAoM ke varcasva kAla meM bhI Apane AgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue mUla vizuddha paramparA ke pravAha ko prakSuNNa banAye rakhA / vIra ni0 saM0 1407 vIra ni0 saM0 1446 vIra ni0 saM0 1474 vIra ni0 saM0 1464 42 varSa 25 varSa 20 varSa 45 varSa 87 varSa vIra ni0 saM0 1494 meM Apane saMlekhanA - saMthArApUrvaka samAdhimaraNa ke mAdhyama se svargArohaNa kiyA / 10:1 svargastha ho jAne para 48veM paTTadhara AcArya 20 varSa kI AcArya -
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________________ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 48veM paTTadhara umaNa RSi ke samaya kI rAjanaitika ghaTanAe~ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 48veM paTTadhara zrI umaNa RSi ke prAcAryakAla (vIra nirvANa samvat 1474 se 1464) meM kannara akAlavarSa evaM nirupama upAdhiyoM athavA upanAmoM se vibhUSita kRSNa nAmaka rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ke 16veM rAjA ne jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para atyAcAra karane vAle cola rAjavaMza ke mahArAja rAjAditya cola evaM kalacurI rAjA vallAla ko parAjita kara jainadharma kI, usa para Aye ghora saMkaToM se rakSA kii| jaba zaivapakSapAtI colarAjA rAjAditya dvArA jainoM para kiye jAne vAle atyAcAra atyadhika bar3hane lage to sadA se jainadharma ke prabala pakSapAtI rahe rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ke isa 19veM zaktizAlI mahArAjA kRSNa ne apanI caturaMgiNI vizAla senA kA svayaM netRtva karate hue jaina virodhI colarAja rAjAditya ko daNDa dene ke lakSya se usake rAjya para bhayaMkara AkramaNa kiyaa| coloM aura rASTrakUToM ke bIca bhISaNa yuddha meM rASTrakUTarAja kRSNa ne colarAja rAjAditya ko parAjita kara jainoM para Aye bhISaNa saMkaTa se jainadharma kI rakSA kI aura jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM, atIta meM puSyamitra zuMga ke atyAcAroM se jainadharma kI rakSA karane vAle kaliMgapati mahAmeghavAhana bhikkhurAya khAravela ke samAna hI zlAghanIya sthAna prApta kiyaa| isI prakAra jaba kalacurI rAjA vallAla ne zaivadharma aMgIkAra kara jainoM para atyAcAra karane prArambha kiye to isI rASTrakUTa vaMzI mahArAjA kRSNa ne apane sAle gaMgavaMzI yuvarAja mArasiMha ko apanI zaktizAlI senA dekara vallAla para AkramaNa karavA vallAla ko yuddha meM parAjita kara jainoM ko kalacurI rAjya ke atyAcAroM se mukti dilvaaii|
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________________ zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke 49 veM paTTadhara AcArya zrI jayasena janma vIra ni0 saM0 1420 dIkSA vIra ni0 saM0 1465 AcAryapada vIra ni0 saM0 1464 svargArohaNa vIra ni0 saM0 1524 gRhavAsa paryAya 45 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 26 varSa prAcArya paryAya 30 varSa pUrNa saMyama paryAya 56 varSa pUrNa Ayu 104 varSa vIra ni0 saM0 1494 meM prAcArya zrI UmaNa RSi ke svargArohaNa ke anantara caturvidha saMgha ne Agama-marmajJa, zramaNottama zrI jayaSeNa RSi ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 46veM paTTadhara AcArya pada para abhiSikta kiyaa| Apane bhI apanI 30 varSa kI prAcArya-paryAya meM caturvidha saMgha kI ullekhanIya sevAeM kIM aura dravya-paramparAoM ke sArvatrika pracAra-prasAra ke uparAnta bhI Apane zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra dvArA tIrthapravartana kAla meM sthApita kI gaI caturvidha saMgha kI mUla maryAdAoM ko akSuNNa banAye rakha kara prabhu mahAvIra kI mUla paramparA ke pravAha ko avaruddha nahIM hone diyaa|
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________________ saiMtIsaveM (37) yugapradhAnAcArya phalgumitra yugapradhAnAcArya janma dIkSA sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya yugapradhAnAcArya kAla gRhastha paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya yugapradhAnAcArya paryAya svarga sarvAyu vIra nirvANa samvat 1444 vIra nirvANa samvat 1458 vIra nirvANa samvat 1458 se 1471 vIra nirvANa samvat 1471 se 1520 14 varSa 13 varSa 46 varSa vIra nirvANa samvat 1520 76 varSa, sAta mAsa, sAta dina saiMtIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya phalgumitra kA yuga pradhAna kAla 'yuga pradhAna paTTAvalI' tathA 'dvitIyodaya yuga pradhAna yantram' meM vIra nirvANa samvat 1471 se 1520 taka kA aura tadanusAra ApakA svargArohaNa kAla vIra nirvANa samvat 1520 mAnA gayA hai / 'titthogAlI paiNNaya' meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 1500 meM ye AcArya svargastha ho gye| titthogAli painnaya kI etadviSayaka gAthA isa prakAra hai : bhariNado dasANa chedo, panarasa saehiM hoi varisANaM / samaNammi phaggumitte, goyama gotte mahAsatte / / 818 / / arthAt vIra nirvANa ke 1500 varSa pazcAt gautama gotrIya mahAsatvazAlI zramaNa phalgumitra ke divaMgata hone para dazAzruta skandha kA hrAsa (viccheda) kahA gayA hai| eka hI kArya ke liye isa gAthA ke prathama caraNa meM 'bharipado' aura dvitIya caraNa meM 'hoi' ina do kriyAvAcaka zabdoM ko dekhate hI pratyeka bhASA vizeSajJa ko yaha tatkAla vidita ho jAyagA ki dvitIya caraNa kI zabda yojanA maulika nahIM, truTipUrNa hai / sambhava hai isa gAthA kA pUrvArddha prArambha meM isa prakAra rahA ho: bhariNado dasANa chedo, panarasa saehi vIsa ahiehiM /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhAra kAla khaNDa-2 ] [ 87 aura kAlAntara meM lipikoM ke doSa se 'panarasa saehiM hoi darisANaM' yaha rUpa dhAraNa kara gayA ho| isa prakAra ke prAcIna aitihAsika ghaTanAcakra ke sambandha meM pandraha bIsa varSa kA antara usa dazA meM aura bhI sahaja sambhava ho jAtA hai, jabaki vaha paramparA kSINa hote-hote zatAbdiyoM pUrva hI viluptaprAyaH ho cukI ho| jisa rUpa meM Aja yaha gAthA upalabdha hai, usI rUpa meM yadi ise svIkAra kara liyA jAya to bhI isa gAthA se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki yuga pradhAnAcArya paramparA prAcInakAla meM sarvocca sattAsampanna, sarvAdhika varcasva zAlinI sarvajana sammata prAmANika paramparA thii| isake sAtha hI sAtha isa gAthA se yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvalI aura avacUri evaM prathamodaya dvitIyodaya yugapradhAna yantroM sahita duSSamA zramaNa saMgha stotra kI bhI prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai| yuga pradhAnAcArya phalgumitra ke prAcAryakAla kI viziSTa ghaTanAe~ (1) zaka samvat 615 (vIra nirvANa samvat 1520) meM pAhavamalla tailapa cAlukya cakravartI ke rAjyakAla meM usake senApati tailapa ke Azrita kavi ranna ne "ajita tIrthaMkara purANa tilakam" kI racanA kii| (2) vIra nirvANa samvata 1520 ke AsapAsa hI mahArAjA Ahavamalla ke senApati tailapa kI mAtA atimabbe ne zAntipurANa kI eka hajAra pratiyAM taiyAra karavA kara deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM dAna kii| isI Adarza zrAvikA atimabbe ne deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM Der3ha hajAra vasadiyoM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| atimabbe dvArA kI gaI ullekhanIya sevAoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa caturvidha saMgha ne use ghaTAntakI devI kA viruda pradAna kiyA /
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________________ 49veM paTTadhara AcArya jayasena ke AcAryakakAla kI - rAjanaitika sthiti - vIra ni0 saM0 1464 se 1524 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 46veM paTTadhara prAcArya jayasena ke vIra nirvANa samvat 1464 se 1524 taka ke prAcAryakAla meM rASTrakUTa vaMza ke bIsaveM evaM antima rAjA kakka-karka dvitIya narendra nRpa tuga ke vIra nirvANa samvat 1483 se 1466 taka ke zAsanakAla meM dhArAnagarI ke paramAravaMzI mahArAjA mAlavapati harSasiyAka ne vIra nirvANa samvat 1466 tadanusAra IsvI san 172 athavA vikrama samvat 1026 meM rASTrakUTa rAjya kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa para, apanI zaktizAlI senA kA netRtva karate hue AkramaNa kiyaa| bhISaNa yuddha ke pazcAt rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjA karka narendra nRpartuMga kI parAjaya huii| harSa ne samRddha mAnyakheTa ko khUba lUTA aura naSTa-bhraSTa kara diyaa| isa prakAra vIra nirvANa samvat 1466 meM lagabhaga 250 varSa taka nyAya nIti pUrvaka zAsana karane vAlA jainoM kA prabala saMrakSaka zaktizAlI rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya samApta ho gyaa| nimnalikhita aitihAsika gAthAeM evaM zloka rASTrakUTa vaMzI sAmrAjya sUrya ke astaMgata hone ke sAkSI haiM : .... kavi dhanapAla ne apanI kRti 'pAiyalacchI nAmamAlA' kI prazasti meM likhA hai : vikkamakAlassa gae, auNattIsuttare sahassaMmi / mAlavanariMda dhADIe lUDie mannakheDammi / / dhArAnayarIe pariThieNa, magge ThiyAe praNavajje / kajje kapiTTha bahiNIe, sundarI nAma vijjaae| kaiNo aMdhajaNa kiM vA kusalatti payANamaMtiyA vaNNA / nAmaMmi jassa kamaso, teNesA viraiyA desI / mahAkavi puSpadanta ne mAnyakheTa ke patana para nimnalikhita zloka meM apane zokodgAra abhivyakta kiye haiM : dInAnAthadhanaM sadA bahujanaM protphullavallIvanaM, mAnyAkheTapuraM purandarapurIlIlAharaM sundaram / dhArAnAtha narendra kopazikhinA, dagdhaM vidagdhapriyam / kvedAnIM vasati kariSyati punaH zrI puSpadantaH kaviH / /
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________________ rAjanaitika sthiti bhArata para gajanavI sultAna kA prAkramaraNa IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke caturtha dazaka meM khalIphA hazAma dvArA niyukta sindha pradeza ke hAkima (prazAsaka) junaida kI navasArI ke pAsa gujarAta ke tatkAlIna rAjyapAla pulakezina, rASTrakUTa vaMzIya mahArAjA dantidurga aura kannojapati pratihAra nAgAvaloka ( jaina dharmAvalambI grAmarAja) ke hAthoM bhISaNa parAjaya aura araba senA kI apUraNIya kSati ke pazcAt lagabhaga 243 varSa taka bhArata para musalamAnoM kA koI ullekhanIya AkramaNa nahIM huA / sAmAnya zratadhara kAla khaNDa- 2 ] I. san 677 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 1504 meM gajanI ke sultAna subuktagIna ne paMjAba para AkramaNa kiyA / usa samaya sarahiMda se lamagAna taka aura multAna se kAzmIra taka sImAvAle lAhora rAjya para jayapAla (bhIma athavA bhImapAla' kA putra) kA zAsana thA aura vaha bhaTiMDA ke durga meM rahatA thA / lAhora ke rAjA jayapAla ne AtatAyI senA para bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyA / ghora yuddha ke pazcAt jaba jayapAla ne dekhA ki usakI senA ko bahuta kSati pahuMca rahI hai to usane sonA, hAthI aura khirAja Adi denA svIkAra kara subuktagIna ke sAtha saMdhi karalI / usane tatkAla 50 hAthI aura bahutasI svarNamudrAeM dekara subuktagIna se kahA ki zeSa dhana lAhora jAkara usake AdamiyoM ko de degA / subuktagIna gajanavI kA putra mahamUda bhI usa sainika prayojana meM apane pitA ke sAtha thA / mahamUda ne apane pitA se kahA ki saMdhi na kI jAya kintu vipula sampatti ke lAlaca aura yuddha ke pariNAma kI anizcitatA kI AzaMkA se usane saMdhi karalI / rAjA ne bandhaka ke rUpa meM apane AdamI sultAna ke pAsa rakhe aura gaurI ke sultAna ke AdamiyoM aura apanI senA ke sAtha vaha lAhora lauTa AyA / mahArAjA jayapAla ne 'mantraraNA ke liye rAjyasabhA kI prApadkAlIna baiThaka grAmantrita kara sabhA ke samakSa vastu sthiti rakhI / rAjasiMhAsana ke dakSiNa prArzvastha brAhmaNa adhikAriyoM ne sultAna ke AdamiyoM ko bandI banA lene aura zatru ko kAnI kaur3I taka na dene kA purajora zabdoM meM parAmarza diyA / rAjA ke vAma pArzvastha kSatriya sAmantoM ne vacana pAlana kA parAmarza dete hue kahA ki yadi vacana bhaMga kiyA gayA to subuktagIna sunizcita rUpeNa badale kI bhAvanA se aura bhI adhika bhISaNa vega se prAkramaraNa karegA / jayapAla ne brAhmaNa adhikAriyoM ke parAmarzAnusAra sultAna ke AdamiyoM ko bandI banA liyA / [ 86 subuktagIna ke pAsa jaba ye samAcAra pahu~ce ki jayapAla ne usake sAtha dhokhA kiyA hai, to vaha eka zaktizAlI senA ke sAtha gajanI se prayANa kara lAhora kI ora bar3hA / jayapAla bhI dillI, kAlaMjara aura kannoja ke rAjAoM ke sAtha bar3I senA le raraNAMgaNa meM upasthita huA / subuktagIna kI naI rAjanIti aura navIna zastrAstroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jayapAla kI senA yuddhabhUmi se bhAga uThI / gajanI ke 1. phiriztA meM hitapAla nAma upalabdha hotA hai / briga, phiriztA, ji. 1, pRSTha 15
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________________ 90 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-mAga 4 sultAna kI senAoM ne sindhu nadI taka jayapAla kA pIchA kiyaa| sindha ke pazcimI pradezoM para apanA adhikAra sthApita kara lUTa meM prApta vipula sampadA ke sAtha gajanI kI ora lauTa gayA / sindhu va pazcimI pradezoM para apanA zAsana sudRr3ha evaM susthira banAye rakhane ke liye subuktagIna ne pezAvara meM 10,000 sainikoM ke sAtha apanA hAkima rkhaa| isa prakAra bhArata ke pazcimI pradeza sindha pradeza ke pazcAt bhArata kI uttarI sImA ke pradezoM para bhI islAmI hukUmata kI sthApanA ho gii| subuktagIna kauna thA aura kisa prakAra gajanI kA sultAna banA isa sambandha meM phiriztA Adi itihAsa lekhakoM ke AdhAra para rAyabahAdura paM0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda aojhA ne likhA hai : "IsA kI nauvIM zatAbdI se, jabaki bagadAda ke abbAsiyA vaMza ke khalIphoM kA bala ghaTane lagA, unake kaI sUbe svatantra bana gaye / samarakaMda, bukhArA Adi meM eka svatantra musalamAna rAjya sthApita ho cukA thaa| vahAM ke amIra abuka malika ne turka alaptagIna ko I0 san 672 (vi0 saM0 1026) meM khurAsAna kA zAsaka niyata kiyA, parantu abuka malika ke marane para alaptagIna gajanI kA svatantra sulatAna bana baitthaa| alaptagIna ke pIche usakA beTA abU isahAka gajanI kA svAmI huaA aura alaptagIna kA turkI gulAma subuktagIna usakA nAyaba banAyA gayA / isahAka kI mRtyu ke pIche I0 san 177 (vi0 saM0 1034) meM subuktagIna hI gajanI kA sulatAna bnaa|"1 1. briga, phiriztA, ji. 1, pRSTha 12-13 / dekhiye rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pahalI jilda, pRSTha 257 /
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________________ zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke 50veM paTTadhara AcArya zrI vijaya RSi janma dIkSA AcArya pada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya AcArya paryAya pUrNa saMyama paryAya pUrNa Ayu vIra ni0 saM0 1487 vIra ni0 saM0 1503 vIra ni0 saM0 1524 vIra ni0 saM0 1586 16 varSa 21 varSa . 65 varSa 86 varSa 102 varSa vIra nirvAraNa saM0 1524 meM prAcArya zrI jayaSeNa ke samAdhipUrvaka svargastha hone para sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpI caturvidha saMgha ne munizreSTha zrI vijaya RSi ko prAcAryapada ke sarvathA suyogya samajha kara bha0 mahAvIra ke 50veM paTTadhara AcArya pada para vidhivat adhiSThita kiyA / Apake prAcAryakAla meM bhI AryadharA para cAroM ora caityavAsI paramparA, digambara bhaTTAraka paramparA, zvetAmbara bhaTTAraka paramparA arthAt zvetAmbara zrIpUjya paramparA Adi dravya paramparAoM kA janamAnasa para prabhutva thA / isa prakAra kI viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI Apane zramaraNa bha0 mahAvIra ke vizuddha mUla dharmasaMgha kI maryAdAoM kI rakSA karate hue jIvana bhara jaina dharmasaMgha kI sevA kI / 65 varSa taka AcArya pada ke kAryabhAra kA samIcIna rUpa se nirvahana karate hue Apane vIra ni0 saM0 1589 meM samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyA /
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________________ ar3atIsaveM yuga pradhAnAcArya dharmaghoSa (38) janma vIra nirvANa samvat 1466 dIkSA vIra nirvANa samvat 1504 sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya vIra nirvANa samvat 1504 se 1520 yuga pradhAnAcArya kAla vIra nirvANa samvat 1520 se 1567 gRhastha paryAya 8 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 15 varSa (pandraha varSa) yugapradhAnAcArya paryAya 78 varSa svarga vIra nirvANa samvat 1567 sarvAyu 101 varSa, 7 mAsa aura sAta dina uparivariNata tathyoM ke atirikta ApakA jIvana paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| Apake pazcAt vibhinna gacchoM evaM samaya meM dharmaghoSa nAma ke aneka AcArya hue haiM / nAma sAmya ke kAraNa bhrAntivaza eka do itihAsavidoM ne inheM rAjagaccha ke prAcArya zIlabhadra sUri kA tRtIya paTTadhara batAyA hai kintu aitihAsika tathyoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAt unakI yaha mAnyatA nitAnta nirAdhAra siddha hotI hai| zIlabhadra sUri ke tRtIya paTTadhara dharmaghoSa ko vikrama samvat 1186 tadnusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 1656 kI racanA "dharma kalpadruma' upalabdha hai, jabaki 38veM yuga pradhAnAcArya dharmaghoSa kA vIra nirvANa samvat 1567 arthAt isa racanA se 56 varSa pUrva hI svargavAsa ho cukA thaa| rAjagaccha ke ye AcArya dharmaghoSa vastutaH 36veM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI vinayamitra ke yuga pradhAnAcArya kAla meM hue haiN| yuga pradhAnAcArya zrI vinayamitra ke prakaraNa meM ina rAja gacchIya prAcArya dharmaghoSa kA paricaya diyA jaayegaa| -: 0 :
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________________ vIra nirvANa kI pandrahavIM solahavIM zatAbdI ke jinazAsana-prabhAvaka gaMgavaMzIya mahArAjA evaM senApati zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 46veM paTTadhara AcArya zrI jayasiMha ke prAcAryakAla meM gaMga vaMza ke caubIsaveM rAjA mahArAjA mArasiMha gaMga kandarpa-satyavAkya- navalamba kulAntaka deva (vIra nirvANa samvat 1460 se 1501) bar3A hI pratApI evaM jinazAsana-bhakta, parama zraddhAlu aura jinazAsana-prabhAvaka rAjA huaa| isane apane gyAraha varSa ke zAsanakAla meM jina zAsana ke pracAra-prasAra, abhyudaya evaM sarvatomukhI abhyutthAna ke aneka mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye| jaisA ki isI itihAsa granthamAlA ke tRtIya bhAga meM batAyA jA cukA hai, gaMga vaMza ke isa mahApratApI rAjA ne apanI Ayu ke sandhyAkAla meM baMkApura ke bhaTTAraka ajitasena kI sannidhi meM zaka samvat 896 tadanusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 1501 meM saMlekhanA-saMthArApUrvaka paNDita maraNa kA varaNa kiyaa| yaha mahArAjA vastuta: cAlukya rAjakumAra rAjAditya ke liye karAla kAla ke samAna bhayotpAdaka thaa| itihAsa-prasiddha jinazAsana prabhAvaka senApati cAmuNDarAya isa caubIsaveM gaMgarAja ke zAsanakAla meM evaM isake putra mahArAjA rAcamalla, rAjamalla caturtha, satyavAkya (IsvI san 674 se 684 tadanusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 1501 se 1511) kA bhI senApati aura mantrI rahA / gaMgavaMza ke mantrI evaM senApati cAmuNDarAya ne vIra nirvANa samvat 1555 tadanusAra IsvI san 1028 kI teIsa mArca ke dina zravaNa belagola parvatarAja ke uccatama zRGga ko kaTavA chaMTavA kara eka hI Thosa pASANapuja kI uccakoTi kI kalA kI pratIka gommaTezvara (bAhubali) kI vizva bhara ke liye AzcaryasvarUpA sAr3he chappana phuTa UMcI eka vizAla mUrti kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa|
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________________ caityavAsI paramparA ke unmalana kA abhiyAna prastuta granthamAlA ke isase pUrva ke tRtIya bhAga meM prabala aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para bar3e vistAra ke sAtha pramANa purassara yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke padArpaNa ke sAtha hI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM eka abhUtapUrva parivartanakArI aisA prabala mor3a AyA, jisane lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa se ekatA ke sUtra meM prAbaddha cale A rahe na kevala jaina dharmasaMgha ko hI jhakajhora kara rakha diyA, apitu jainadharma kI prANabhUtA paramparAgata Agamika mAnyatAoM meM bhI AmUlacUla parivartana kara jainadharma evaM zramaNa dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko hI badala diyaa| usa parivartanakArI mor3a ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharmasaMgha meM aneka dravya paramparAeM prAdurbhUta huIM, panapI, puSpita aura pallavita huI / bar3I hI drutagati se unakA varcasva jaina saMgha para aura jana-jana ke mAnasa para aisA chAyA ki jisa prakAra saghana ghana-ghaTAoM ke ghaTATopa meM sUrya chipa jAtA hai, prAyaH usI prakAra paramparAgata adhyAtmaparaka mUla paramparA gauNa hote-hote nitAnta nagaNya-luptaprAya sI ho gii| vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI se prAbalya meM AI una dravya paramparAoM meM sarvAdhika sakriya aura sazakta paramparA, caityavAsI paramparA sAmAnyataH lagabhaga sampUrNa uttara bhArata para apanA ekAdhipatya aura sAdhAraNataH karNATaka, Andhra Adi dakSiNI prAntoM ke katipaya kSetroM para liMgAyatoM ke abhyudaya se paryApta pUrva kAla meM apanA prabhAva jamA cukI thii| caityavAsI paramparA ne apane navInatama ADambarapUrNa atyAkarSaka dhArmika utsavoM, AyojanoM evaM camatkAra pradarzana Adi ke mAdhyama se jana-mAnasa ko apanI ora AkarSita karane meM Azcaryajanaka saphalatA prApta kii| vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha taka to uparivariNata vizAla bhU-bhAga ke jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para caityavAsI paramparA chA gii| gujarAta, rAjasthAna, mAlavA, matsya aura uttara pradeza ke jaina saMghoM para caityavAsI paramparA kA eka prakAra se ekAdhipatya sA chA gayA / isake bar3hate hue varcasva ke pariNAmasvarUpa na kevala zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga hI apitu mUla paramparA ke zramaNa-zramaNI varga bhI sAmUhika rUpa se caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyI banane lge| mUla paramparA ke pracAraka-prasAraka evaM prANabhUta zramaNa-zramaNI varga kI uttarottara vighaTita hotI huI sthiti aura zramaNopAsaka-zramaNopAsikA varga kI svalpa se svalpatara evaM svalpatama hotI jA rahI saMkhyA ke phalasvarUpa mUla paramparA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa-2 1 [ 65 ke astitva taka para saMkaTa ke kAle bAdala maNDarAne lage / dharma ke mUla vizuddha svarUpa aura sarvajJa praNIta zrAgamAnusArI zramaNAcAra kI rakSA ke lie mUla paramparA ke gacchoM ne milakara "suvihita paramparA" ko janma diyA / suvihita paramparA ke prAcAryoM, zramaNoM, zramaNiyoM tathA unake upAsaka upAsikA varga ke sAmUhika prayAsa, caityavAsI paramparA ke ekAdhipatyAtmaka varcasva ke saMkrAntikAla meM jainadharma ke mUla svarUpa aura prAgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI, mUla zramaNa paramparA kI rakSA karane meM katipaya aMzoM meM saphala bhI hue, kintu rAjyAzrayaprApta caityavAsI paramparA apane sudRr3ha saMgaThana, vipula bhautika sAdhanoM, janamana-raMjanakArI cittAkarSaka ADambara pUrNa dhArmika prAyojanoM, anuSThAnoM, utsavoM, mahotsavoM, saMghayAtrAoM aura prabhAvanAoM ke bala para uttarottara adhikAdhika bahujana sammata evaM lokapriya hotI gaI / isa prakAra suvihita paramparA ke pracAraprasAra evaM zakti saMcaya ke patha meM caityavAsI paramparA eka prabala bAdhaka ( roDA ) hI banI / samaya-samaya para suvihita paramparA ke karNadhAra prAcAryoM dvArA jaina samAja ke samakSa prAgamAnusArI dharma evaM zramaNAcAra kA vizuddha svarUpa rakhA gayA aura mUla paramparA ko purAtana pratiSThita pada para punaH pratiSThApita karane ke prayAsa bhI kiye gaye kintu unheM caityavAsI paramparA ke durbhedya sudRr3ha gar3ha tulya pradezoM meM praveza taka prApta nahIM ho sakA / haribhadra sUri, abhayadeva sUri, jinavallabha sUri Adi pUrvAcAryoM ke pratirikta jaina itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAle prAyaH sabhI manISiyoM ne bhI vIra nirvAraNa saM0 1000 ke pazcAt caityavAsI paramparA ke lokapriya varcasva evaM vyApaka pracAraprasAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharma ke vizuddha mUla svarUpa meM utpanna huI vikRtiyoM, mUla paramparA ke pratyantika hrAsa, vighaTana Adi para gaharA duHkha prakaTa kiyA hai / dekheM saMghapaTTaka kI prastAvanA meM kyA likhA gayA hai| ---- "sadarahu devagiriNa, bhagavAna thI 1000 varSe svargavAsI thayA ane te sA kharU jina zAsana guma thaI tenA sthAne caityavAsiyoe potA to dora ane jora calAvavA mAMDyo / " .......... caityavAsa rUpa kumArga jaina dharma nA nAme caumera phailAva mAMDyo / ............ ....ema vIra prabhu nA nirvAraNa thI 1000 varSa bItyAM bAda jora para caDhelo caityavAsa lagabhaga 1000 varSa lagI' cAlI ne pAcho sadaMtara banda paDyo / " 1. jaina vAMgmaya ke AloDana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 2130 ke samaya taka bhI caityavAsiyoM kA kahI-kahIM astitva thA / yathA : "saM0 ( vi0 saM0) 1660 meM zAha zrI ratnapAla ( kaDavA gaccha ke paTTadhara) ne rAjanagara meM cAturmAsa kiyA / zrI saMgha sirohI AyA, vahAM caityavAsI ke sAtha carcA zAha zrI ratnapAla tathA saMgha ke Adeza se zAha jinadAsa ne kI / " - kaDavA mata paTTAvalI, paTTAvalI parAgasaMgraha (jAlora) pRSTha 506, 507
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________________ 66 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 4 ___ ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM taTastha bhAva se vicAra karane para pratyeka vicAraka isI niSkarSa para pahuMcegA ki caityavAsI paramparA ke vyApaka varcasva evaM pracAraprasAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa jinazAsana kA vIra nirvANa samvat 1001 se 2000 taka kI avadhi ke bIca dukhada vighaTana huA, jainadharma kI vizuddha mUla paramparA nitAnta gauNa, svalpajana-sammata evaM atIva kSINa avasthA meM avaziSTa raha gaI thii| yadi saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI ki sUrya ke samAna prakAzamAna jinazAsana kA vizuddha mUla svarUpa vikRtiyoM kI kAlI ghaTAoM se Acchanna athavA tamasAvRtta ho gayA thaa| dravya paramparAoM kI jananI caityavAsI paramparA kA varcasva vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI se vIra nirvANa kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke prathamArddha taka jisa druta gati se uttarotara bar3hatA hI gayA, vaha yadi usI gati se cAra pAMca zatAbdI taka aura bar3hatA jAtA to Aja AryadharA para sarvajJa praNIta AgamAnusArI jainadharma ke mUla vizuddha svarUpa ke aura jisa saMkhyA meM paMca mahAvratadhArI viharUka tyAgI zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke darzana sulabha ho rahe haiM, sambhavataH ve isa rUpa meM darzana nitAnta durlabha ho jAte / kintu ise mumukSutroM kA sadbhAgya hI kahA jAvegA ki usa saMkrAnti kAla meM bhI bIja rUpa meM vidyamAna rahI vizuddha zramaNa paramparA ke Agama marmajJa vidvAn vanavAsI prAcArya udyotanasUri ke pAsa vizuddha zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita ho AgamoM ke adhyayana ke anantara eka nirbhIka evaM medhAvI zramaNavara ne abhinava dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kara caityavAsiyoM ke iMgita para lagabhaga pAMca sau sAr3he pAMca sau varSoM se andhakAra kI ora agrasara hote A rahe jainasaMgha ko andhakAra se prakAza kI ora mor3a diyA-unmukha kiyaa| dharmakrAnti kA zaMkhanAda jisa samaya caityavAsI paramparA caramotkarSa para thI, usa samaya vikrama kI gyAharavIM zatAbdI ke madhya bhAga (vikrama samvat lagabhaga 1160 se 1180 ke bIca kI avadhi) meM, jaina saMgha meM eka aisI abhinava krAntikAriNI paramparA kA abhyudaya huA, jisane bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA kA hrAsa karane vAlI, zithilAcAra, bAhyADambara, bhautika vidhi vidhAna, anuSThAna, caityoM meM niyatanivAsa, maThAdhipatya, parigraha saMcaya, vihAra-parityAga Adi azAstrIya evaM zramaNAcAra se nitAnta pratikUla kAryakalApoM ke mAdhyama se jainadharma ke sarvajJa praNIta vizuddha svarUpa tathA mUla, vizuddha zramaNAcAra meM AmUlacUla parivartana kara aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyoM ko janma dene vAlI dravya paramparA, caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva ko samApta karane evaM jainadharma tathA zramaNAcAra ke vizuddha svarUpa ko punaH pratiSThApita karane kA bIr3A utthaayaa| isa paramparA ke saMsthApaka the varddhamAna sUri /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 97 - isa paramparA ke prathama saMsthApaka prAcArya varddhamAnasUri se lekara sAtaveM AcArya zrI jinapatisUri taka arthAt sAta pIr3hI taka vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke anta paryanta caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha isa paramparA kA saMgharSa calatA rahA / varddhamAnasUri prArambha meM caityavAsI paramparA meM dIkSita hae the| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvali ke ullekhAnusAra inake caityavAsI guru kA nAma AcArya jinacandra thA, jo ki caurAsI sthAvalakoM-caityoM ke adhinAyaka the / AgamoM kI vAcanA grahaNa karate samaya 84 AzAtanAoM kA pATha Ane para usa para manana karate hue caityavAsI muni ke mana meM UhApoha utpanna hayA / AgamoM meM pratipAdita zramaNAcAra se caityavAsI sAdhuoM kA nitAnta viparIta AcAra-vyavahAra dekhakara unhoMne apane guru AcArya jinacandra se nivedana kiyA :-"gurudeva ! yadi ina AzAtanAoM se bacakara vizuddha zramaNadharma kA pAlana kiyA jAya, tabhI AtmA kA kalyANa ho sakatA hai|" . apane ziSya kI bAta sunakara caityavAsI AcArya jinacandra stabdha raha gye| unake mana meM zaMkA utpanna huI ki yaha medhAvI sAdhu caityavAsI paramparA ke viruddha kahIM vidroha na kara baitthe| prAcArya jinacandra ne apane ziSya ko caityavAsI paramparA meM hI banAye rakhane ke upAyoM para vicAra kara use pralobhana dene kA nizcaya kiyaa| unhoMne zIghra hI muni varddhamAna ko AcAryapada pradAna kara diyaa| prAcArya jinacandra ko AzA thI ki isa pralobhana ke anantara unake ziSya ke mana-mastiSka meM uThI vicArakrAnti ThaNDI par3a jaaygii| kintu caityavAsI prAcArya kI vaha AzA nitAnta nirAzA meM pariNata ho gii| AcArya pada kA pralobhana unheM satpatha para agrasara hone se nahIM roka sakA / satya kI usa jhalaka mAtra se hI varddhamAna muni kA mana caityavAsa se ucaTa gyaa| satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane kI unake antarmana meM amiTa utkaTa abhilASA utpanna huii| unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM apane guru se kahA ki Atma-kalyANa ke uddezya se ve gharabAra chor3akara nikale haiN| ataH aba ve apane lakSya kI prApti ke liye prabhu mahAvIra dvArA pradarzita sAdhanA ke AgamAnusArI prazasta patha para agrasara hoNge| se apane caityavAsI guru jinacandrAcArya ko isa prakAra savinaya nivedana kara muni varddhamAna apane katipaya caityavAsI sAthI muniyoM ke sAtha caityavAsI paramparA kA tyAga kara AgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra karane ke liye niraticAra vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle AgamoM ke marmajJa, jJAna aura kriyA rUpI gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgamabhUta zramaNottama guru kI khoja meM idhara-udhara vicarane lge| aneka sudUravartI kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane ke anantara unheM udyotanasUri nAmaka araNyacArI (vanavAsI) paramparA ke AcArya ke sambandha meM sUcanA milI ki ve
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________________ 68 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 4 bar3e hI kriyAniSTha evaM Agama-niSNAta AcArya haiM aura dillI ke AsapAsa ke kSetra meM vicaraNa kara rahe haiN| muni varddhamAna apane sAthiyoM sahita apratihata vihAra kara dillI kSetra ke AsapAsa vicaraNa karate hue udyotanasUri kI sevA meM phuNce| varddhamAna muni ko udyotanasUri ke darzana aura unake sAtha bAtacIta se tatkAla vizvAsa ho gayA ki jisa prakAra ke kriyApAtra aura samartha guru kI khoja meM the, ve usI prakAra ke guru kI sevA meM pahu~ca gaye haiN| varddhamAna muni ne apane viSaya meM atha se iti taka pUrA vivaraNa udyotanasUri ke samakSa nivedita karane ke anantara unase prArthanA kI : "AcAryadeva ! maiM vizvabandhu bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pradarzita vizuddha dharmamArga para ArUr3ha ho kara Atma-kalyANa kA AkAMkSI hUM / dayA sindho ! paMca mahAvratoM kI zramaNa dIkSA dekara Apa mujhe apane caraNoM kI zaraNa meM le AgamoM kA jJAna pradAna kiijiye|". udyotanasUri ne bhavabhIru evaM suyogya pAtra samajha caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara Aye hue mumukSu varddhamAna aura unake sAthiyoM ko jIvana paryanta sabhI prakAra ke sAvadya yogoM kA trividha yoga evaM trividha karaNa se tyAga karavAte hue zramaNa-dharma kI dIkSA pradAna kii| __upasampadA grahaNa karane ke anantara varddhamAna muni ne bar3I niSThA aura pUrNa vinayapUrvaka apane guru udyotana sUri se ekAdazAMgI pramukha AgamoM kA adhyayana kiyA / AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna pradAna karane ke pazcAt udyotanasUri ne hI sambhavataH kAlAntara meM varddhamAnasUri ko sUri mantra pradAna kiyaa| isa prakAra vizuddha mUla zramaNAcAra ke pAlaka sUri pradIpa se dUsarA zramaNa dIpa pradIpta huaa| sUri mantra kI sAdhanA ke anantara varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsiyoM dvArA vikRta . kiye gaye dharma ke mUla svarUpa aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra ko prakAza meM lAne, jana-jana ke samakSa prakaTa karane kA bhagIratha prayAsa prArambha kiyA / ___ kharataragaccha bRhad gurvAvalI aura vRddhAcArya prabandhAvali meM varddhamAnasUri evaM inake uttaravartI paTTadharoM ke sambandha meM katipaya paraspara virodhI, atizayoktipUrNa tathA suvihita zramaNAcAra se mela na khAne vAlI bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|' una ullekhoM ke sambandha meM svargIya paMnyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja 1. vRddhAcArya prabandhAvali meM ............."araNyacArI gacchanAyagA siri ujjoyaNa sUri paTTadhAriNo" meM isa prakAra kA ullekha hai kintu kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM araNyacArI kA ullekha na kara kevala "tatravodyotanAcArya AsIt" yahI ullekha hai / ----kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI, pRSTha 86 aura 1 /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 (tapAgacchIya) ne apanI "paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha " nAmaka kRti meM pRSTha 255 se 482 taka lagabhaga 127 pRSThoM meM vizad prakAza DAlA hai / labdhapratiSTha itihAsajJa sva0 paMnyAsa zrI dvArA prastuta kiye gaye etadviSayaka vivaraNa ke katipaya mahattvapUrNa vicAraNIya aMza itihAsa-premiyoM ke lAbhArtha yahAM uddhata kiye jA rahe haiM : [ e & "vartamAna kAla meM kharataragaccha tathA aMcalagaccha kI jitanI bhI paTTAvaliyA~ haiM, unameM se adhikAMza para kulagurutroM kI bahiyoM kA prabhAva hai / vikrama kI dazavIM zatI taka jaina zramaNoM meM zithilAcArI sAdhutroM kI saMkhyA itanI bar3ha gaI thI ki unake mukAbale meM suvihita sAdhu bahuta hI kama raha gaye the / zithilAcAriyoM ne apane aDDe eka hI sthAna para nahIM jamAye the, unake baDere jahAM-jahAM phire the, jahAM-jahAM ke gRhasthoM ko apanA bhAvika banAyA thA una sabhI sthAnoM meM zithilAcAriyoM ke aDDe jame hue the, jahAM unakI pauSadha zAlAeM nahIM thIM, vahAM apane aDDoM se apane gurunoM ke bhAvikoM ko samhAlane ke liye jAyA karate the, jisase ki unake pUrvajoM ke bhaktoM ke sAtha unakA paricaya banA rahe, gRhastha bhI isase khuza rahate the ki hamAre kulaguru hamArI samhAla lete haiM / unake yahAM koI bhI dhArmika kArya-pratiSThA, tIrthayAtrA, saMgha Adi kA prasaMga hotA, taba ve apane kula guru ko Amantrita karate aura dhArmika vidhAna unhIM ke hAthoM se karavAte / dhIre-dhIre ve kulaguru parigrahadhArI hue, vastra pAtra ke atirikta dravya kI bheMTa bhI svIkAra karane lage / taba se ( usa yuga meM yadi ) koI gRhastha apane kulaguru ko na bulAkara dUsare gaccha ke AcArya ko bulA letA aura pratiSThA Adi kArya karavA letA to unakA kulaguru banA huA grAcArya kArya karane vAle anya gacchIya AcArya se jhagar3A karanA / isa paristhiti ko rokane ke liye kulaguru ne vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI se apane-apane zrAvakoM ke lekhe (bahiyAM ) apane pAsa rakhane zuru kiye, kisa gAMva meM kauna-kauna gRhastha apanA athavA apane pUrvajoM kA mAnane vAlA hai, unakI sUciyAM banAkara apane pAsa rakhane lage aura amuka-amuka samaya ke bAda una sabhI zrAvakoM ke pAsa jAkara unake pUrvajoM kI nAmAvaliyA~ sunAte aura unakI kArakIrdiyoM kI prazaMsA karate, tumhAre baDeroM ko hamAre pUrvaja amuka prAcArya mahArAja ne jaina banAyA thA, unhoMne amuka-amuka dhArmika kArya kiye theityAdi bAtoM se una gRhasthoM ko rAjI karake dakSiNA prApta karate / yaha paddhati prArambha hone ke bAda ve zithila sAdhu dhIre-dhIre sAdhu mArga se patita ho gaye aura " kulaguru" tathA "bahI vaMcoM" ke nAma se pahicAne jAne lage / Aja paryanta ye kulaguru jaina jAtiyoM meM bane rahe haiM, parantu vikrama kI bIsavIM sadI se ve lagabhaga sabhI gRhastha bana gaye haiM, phira bhI katipaya varSoM ke bAda apane pUrvaja pratibodhita zrAvakoM ko vandAne ke liye jAte haiM, bahiyAM sunAte
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________________ 100 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 haiM aura bheMTa-pUjA lekara Ate haiM, isa prakAra ke kulaguruSoM kI aneka bahiyAM hamane dekhI aura par3hI haiN| unameM bArahavIM zatI ke pUrva kI jitanI bhI bAteM likhI gaI haiM, ve lagabhaga sabhI dantakathA mAtra haiN|' itihAsa se unakA koI sambandha nahIM, gotroM aura kuloM kI bahiyAM likhI jAne ke bAda kI hakIkatoM meM aAMzika tathya avazya dekhA gayA hai, parantu amuka hamAre pUrvaja prAcArya ne tumhAre amuka pUrvajoM ko jaina banAyA thA aura usakA amuka gautra sthApita kiyA thA, ina bAtoM meM koI tathya nahIM hotA, gotra kisI ke banAne se nahIM banate Ajakala ke gotra unake baDeroM ke dhandhoM rojagAroM ke Upara se pracalita hue haiM, jinheM hama "aTaka" kaha sakate haiN| kharataragaccha kI paTTAvaliyoM meM aneka prAcAryoM ke varNana meM likhA milatA hai ki amuka ko Apane jaina banAyA aura usakA yaha gotra kAyama kiyA, amuka AcArya ne itane lAkha aura itane hajAra ajainoM ko jaina banAyA, isa kathana kA sAra mAtra itanA hI hotA hai ki unhoMne apane upadeza se amuka gaccha meM se apane sampradAya meM itane manuSya sammilita kiye / isake atirikta isa prakAra kI bAtoM meM koI satyatA nahIM hotI, lagabhaga AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI se bhArata meM jAtivAda kA kilA bana jAne se jaina samAja kI saMkhyA bar3hane ke badale ghaTatI hI gaI hai / ikkA-dukkA koI manuSya jaina hogA to jAtiyoM kI jAtiyA~ jaina samAja se nikala kara anya dhArmika sampradAyoM meM calI gaI haiM, isI se to karor3oM se ghaTakara jaina samAja kI saMkhyA Aja lAkhoM meM A pahuMcI hai| aitihAsika paristhiti ukta prakAra kI hone para bhI bahutere paTTAvali lekhaka apane anya AcAryoM kI mahimA bar3hAne ke liye hajAroM aura lAkhoM manuSyoM ko naye jaina banAne kA jo DhiMDhorA pITate jAte haiM, isakA koI prabhAva nahIM par3a sakatA, isaliye aitihAsika lekhoM, prabandhoM aura paTTAvaliyoM meM isa prakAra kI atizayoktiyoM aura kalpita kahAniyoM ko sthAna nahIM denA cAhiye / "2 .. kharataragaccha kI vibhinna paTTAvaliyoM meM ullikhita paraspara eka dUsarI se bhinna tathyoM, kharatara gaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM ullikhita atizayoktipUrNa vivaraNoM, jinezvara sUrI ke uttaravartI kAla meM azvArohI sainikoM ke dalabala ke madhya rAjakIya chatra se alaMkRta prAcAryoM ke, vividha vAdyayantroM ke tumula ghoSa ke bIca bar3e ADambara evaM rAjasI ThATa-bATa ke sAtha nagara praveza Adi ke lAlityapUrNa ullekhoM 1. isase bahuta pUrva rAjA Ama ke zAsana kAla meM, vikrama samvat 775 meM hI kula guruoM ne sarvasammata niyama banAkara apanI-apanI bADebandI prArambha kara dI thii| --dekhiye jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pRSTha 528 se 531 / 2. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pRSTha 380 se 382
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] caityavAsI paramparA unmUlana tathA paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha ke Upara uddhata tathyoM Adi ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki varddhamAna sUrI ne caityavAsiyoM dvArA vikRta kiye gaye dharma tathA zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa ko punaH pUrvadharakAlIna vizuddha rUpa pradAna karane kA jisa dRr3ha saMkalpa, niSThA evaM utsAha ke sAtha bIr3A uThAyA thA, unakI do tIna pIr3hI pazcAt hI unake uttaravartI AcAryoM meM vaha utsAha zanaiH zanaiH zithila athavA manda par3atA gyaa| dhArmika kArya-kalApoM evaM anuSThAnoM meM praviSTa bAhyADambara ko nirmUla karane evaM jaina samAja para chAye hue caityavAsiyoM ke varcasva ko samApta karane ke uddezya se varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kiyA thA / vizva kalyANakArI jaina dharma ke vizuddha AdhyAtmika mUla svarUpa evaM zramaNa paramparA ke prANa-svarUpa duzcara zramaNAcAra kI chApa jana-jana kI manobhUmi para aMkita karane ke lie varddhamAnasUri ne jIvana bhara prayAsa kiyaa| unake pazcAt anukramazaH unake paTTa para AsIna hone vAle prAcAryoM ne apane pUrvAcArya varddhamAnasUri dvArA AgamAnusArI jinadharma ke svarUpa ko punaH pratiSThita karane ke uddezya se prArambha kiye gaye caityavAsa-virodhI abhiyAna ko uttarottara Age kI ora bddh'aayaa| varddhamAnasUri ke paTTa para anukramazaH AsIna hue unake ziSya, praziSya, prapraziSya AcAryoM ne gujarAta, rAjasthAna, mAlavapradeza Adi pradezoM meM apratihata vihAra kara jana-jana ke samakSa dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke Agamika svarUpa ko prastuta kara caityavAsI paramparA ke na kevala varcasva ko hI samApta kiyA apitu usake astitva taka ko bhI ghora saMkaTa meM DAla diyaa| vanavAsI prAcArya udyotanasUri se vizuddha zramaNa dIkSA (upa-sampadA) evaM zAstrajJAna prApta kara varddhamAnasUri ne zithilAcAra evaM dravya paramparAoM ke daladala meM dhaMse dharmaratha kA bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha uddhAra kara dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa ko punaH pratiSThApita kiyA, vasativAsa ko punaH prArambha kiyaa|' usake liye pratyeka jaina sahasrAbdiyoM taka unakA RNI rhegaa| varddhamAna sUri kI yaha yazasvinI paramparA Aga calakara "kharataragaccha" ke nAma se vikhyAta huI / isa paramparA ke pramukha prAcAryoM ke jIvana aura mahattvapUrNa kArya-kalApoM para kramaza: yathAzakya yathAsthAna prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| 1. tataH prabhRte saMjajJe, vasatInAM paramparA / mahadbhiH sthApitaM vRddhimaznute nAtra saMzayaH // 86 // -prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 163 / / Jain Education international
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________________ udyotanasUri dravya paramparAoM ke utkarSa kAla meM bAhyADambaroM evaM camatkAroM kI cakAcauMdha ke kAraNa bahusaMkhyaka jaina dharmAvalambiyoM dvArA upekSita, pratigauNa evaM kSIraNAvasthA ko prApta vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA evaM jaina dharma ke prAgamika svarUpa ko janapriya banAne vAle varddhamAnasUri ne vanavAsI udyotanasUri se usampadA-AgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI / varddhamAnasUri ne apane guruvara udyotanasUri kI sevA meM raha kara AgamoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyaa| udyotanasUri ne zrAgama niSNAta apane ziSya varddhamAnasUri ko suyogya supAtra samajha kara sUrimaMtra bhI diyA / udyotanasUra se AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta karane ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI varddhamAna sUri ne vizvakalyANakArI jaina dharma ke sacce svarUpa evaM vizuddha zramaraNadharma ko pahicAnA | dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke vizuddha svarUpa ko bhalI-bhAMti pahicAna lene ke pazcAt varddhamAnasUri ne dravya paramparAoM kI cakAcauMdha meM jana-jana ko unake dvArA upekSita dharma ke svarUpa ko samajhAne kA eka krAntikArI abhiyAna prArambha kiyA / usa gurutara mahAn abhiyAna kI pahalI aura sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa saphalatA varddhamAna sUri ke jIvanakAla meM hI upalabdha ho gaI thI, yaha tathya varddhamAna sUri dvArA pATaNapati cAlukyanareza durlabharAja kI rAjyasabhA meM kahe gaye - "eSa paNDita jinezvara uttara- pratyuttaraM yadbhariSyati tadasmAkaM sammatameva " " isa vAkya se prakAza meM AtA hai ki varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri ne durlabharAja kI sabhA meM"mahArAja ! asmAkaM mate'pi yadgaNadharaizcaturdazapUrvadharaizca yo darzito mArgaH sa eva pramANIka yujyate, nAnyaH " 2 - yaha kaha kara rAjasabhA ke samakSa isa zAzvata satya ko rakhA ki jaina dharma kA vizuddha svarUpa vahI hai, jo gaNadharoM athavA caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA Agama zAstroM meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai aura prabuddha pAThaka bhI anubhava karate hoMge ki yadi prAgamika vizuddha mUla dharma aura zramaNAcAra kI punarpratiSThA ke liye varddhamAnasUri dvArA caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva ko samApta karane kA abhiyAna prArambha nahIM kiyA jAtA to AgamoM meM pratipAdita jaina dharma tathA zramaragAcAra kA svarUpa uttarottara upekSita, gauraNa se gauNatara aura gauraNatama hotA jAtA aura Aja ke yuga 1. 2. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvali, siMdhI jaina zAstra vidyApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI, pRSTha-3 vahI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] udyotanasUri [ 103 meM usa svarUpa ke darzana bhI virala athavA durlabha ho jaate| para varddhamAnasUri ne usa prakAra kI durbhAgyapUrNa sthiti nahIM Ane dii| - dharmodyota kA eka krAntikArI abhiyAna prArambha kara varddhamAnasUri ne usa saMkrAntikAla meM sacce dharma ko aura adhika upekSita athavA kSINa hone se ubArA / varddhamAnasUri ko yaha prakAza udyotanasUri se prApta huaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM varddhamAnasUri ke sAtha-sAtha udyotanasUri kA bhI jaina itihAsa meM sadA zraddhA ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA jAtA rhegaa| isa sthiti meM pratyeka vicAraka ke mana meM isa prakAra kI jijJAsA kA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hI hai ki caityavAsI jaisI sazakta paramparA ke ekachatra varcasvakAla meM AgamamarmajJa, dharma ke vizuddha mUla svarUpa evaM zramaNAcAra ko apane jIvana meM DhAlane vAle ye udyotanasUri kauna the ? aura kisa kSetra meM ve vicaraNa karate the ? kintu hameM bar3e kheda ke sAtha kahanA par3a rahA hai ki vikrama kI dazavIM gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke jaina vAGmaya ke samyagrUpeNa AloDana ke uparAnta bhI udyotanasUri kA prAmANika evaM pUrNa jIvana vRtta adyAvadhi upalabdha nahIM huaaa| varddhamAnasUri ke guru AcArya udyotanasUri ke sambandha meM aba taka upalabdha jaina vAGmaya meM jo ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, ve nimnalikhita rUpa meM haiM : 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvali meM udyotanasUri ke sambandha meM kevala itanA hI ullekha hai ki varddhamAna sUri ne abhohara dezastha "caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya apane guru jinacandra se anumati prApta kara katipaya apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kiyaa| vibhinna pradezoM meM vizuddha mUlazramaNa paramparA ke cAritraniSTha Agama marmajJa guru kI khoja hetu vicaraNa karate hue ve dillI (DhillI athavA dalI) pradeza meM phuNce| una dinoM vahAM sUrivara zrI udyotanAcArya vicaraNa kara rahe the| una udyotanasUri se AgamoM ke marma kA bhalI-bhAMti bodha pA caityavAsI paramparA meM pUrvadIkSita varddhamAna ne unase vizuddha zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii|' tadanantara varddhamAnasUri ko yaha cintA huI ki isa sUrimaMtra kA adhiSThAtA kauna hai|" kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM isa bAta para koI spaSTa prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai ki varddhamAna sUri ko sUrimaMtra udyotanasUri se prApta huA athavA svataH yA anya kisI se| 1. tato guroHsammatyA nirgatya katicinmunisameto dillI vA dalI prabhRti dezeSu samAyAtaH / tasmin prastAve, tatravodyotanAcArya sUrivara pAsIt / tasya pArzva samyagAgamatatvaM buddhavA, upasaMpadaM gRhItavAn / tadanantara zrI vardhamAnasUreriyaM cintAjAtA-"prasya sUrimaMtrasya ko adhiSThAtA ! kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI, pRSTha 1
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________________ 104 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM isase Age yadyapi vi. saM. 1363 taka ke isa saMgha ke prAcAryoM ke kAla kI ghaTanAoM kA vistRta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, kintu udyotanasUri ke sambandha meM uparyullikhita ke atirikta kisI prakAra kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai ki ve kisa paramparA ke, kisa guru ke ziSya the, athavA varddhamAnasUri se pUrva unake ziSya-ziSyA parivAra meM kitane sAdhu the, kitanI sAdhviyAM thIM, unameM pramukha ke nAma kyA the Adi / 2. "vRddhAcArya prabaMdhAvali' ke varddhamAna sUri prabandha meM udyotanasUri ke nAmamAtra ke ullekha ke sAtha kahA gayA hai- "tadanantara kisI samaya udyotanasUri ke paTTadhara araNyacArI (vanavAsI) gaccha ke nAyaka AcArya zrI varddhamAnasUri apratihata vihArakrama se eka grAma se dUsare grAma meM vicaraNa karate hue AbU parvatarAja kI talahaTI meM base kAsadraha grAma meM Aye'' isameM varddhamAnasUri ke nAma ke sAtha "araNNacArIgacchanAyagA" vizeSaNa ke prayoga dvArA prakArAntara athavA parokSa rUpa meM udyotanasUri ko hI vanavAsIgaccha kA AcArya batAyA gayA hai| kyoMki varddhamAnasUri to caityavAsI paramparA se nikala Aye the aura udyotanasUri ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara hone ke kAraNa hI ve vanavAsIgaccha ke prAcArya ke rUpa meM abhihita kiye jAne lge| isa prakAra nAmollekha ke a. kta uparilikhita prabandha meM bhI udyotanasU : kI guru paramparA, ziSyaparivAra evaM una svayaM ke jIvana kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA gayA hai| 3. bIkAnera ke zrIpUjya zrI dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra meM upalabdha, tIrtha pravartana kAla se saM0 1862 taka kI eka hasta-likhita gurvAvalI meM, po0 saM0 10 graM0 saM0 152 meM varddhamAnasUri ke guru ina udyotanasUri kA paricaya, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara zrIsudharmA svAmI ke uttaravartI prAcAryoM kA krama saM0 ke atirikta adhikAMzataH zrI muni sundarasUri kI gurvAvalI paTTa paramparA tathA mahopAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgaragariNa dvArA racita tapAgaccha paTTAvalI sUtra (svopajJayA vRtyA samalaMkRtaM) se milatA julatA aura katipaya aMzoM meM nitarAM bhinna tathA aneka sthaloM para prakAzita paTTAvaliyoM ke abhyasta itihAsa ruci pAThakoM ko nitAnta asaMgata . pratIta hone vAle vivaraNa ke anantara nimnalikhita rUpa meM diyA gayA hai 1. ahannayA kayAI sirivaddhamANasUri araznacArigacchanAyagA siri ujjoyaNa sUripaTTadhAriNo gAmANugAma duijjamANA.............kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI * . pRSTha 86.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] udyotanasUri [ 105 32. tataH zrI raviprabhasUriH, 33. tataH zrI yazobhadrasUriH, tastha (sya) ca suvihita mArgAcaraNAt suvihitapakSa iti prasiddhirjAtAH' ____36. tatpaTTe zrI nemicandrasUri, 37. tatpaTTe zrI udyotanasUriH asmAccaturazIti gacchasthApanA jAtA, tatsvarUpaM yathA--ekadA zrI udyotanasUri mahAvidvAMsaM zuddha kriyApAtraM ca vijJAya apareSAM tryazIti saMkhyAnAM sthavirANAM tryazItiziSyAH paThanArthaM samAgatAstAn zrI gurU:sadrItyA pAThayati tasminnavasare abhoharadeze sthavira maNDalyAM vRddhasya jinacandrAcAryasya caityavAsinaH ziSyo vardvamAnanAmA siddhAMtamavagAhamAnazcaturazItyAzAtanAdhikAre Agate sati guru pratyevamuktavAn bho svAmin ! caitye nivasatAmasmAkamAzAtanA na Talati tato'yaM vyavahAro me na rocate ityukti zrutvA guruNA yathAtathA vipratArito'pi ayaM svazraddhAto na paribhraSTastataH zrIudyotanasUriM zuddhakriyAvaMtaM zrutvA tatpArve samAgatya tasyaiva ziSyo jAtastadupasaMpadaM ca ghItavAn / tataH zrI gurubhiryogAdikaM vAhayitvA sarve siddhAntAH pAThitA : / krameNa yogyaM jJAtvA cArya-padaM datvA gacchavRddha yAdi lAbhaM vijJAya uttarAkhaNDe vihArArthamAjJA dttaa| tato varddhamAnAcAryo'pi gurvAdezam svIkRtya tatra gataH / atha zrI udyotanasUri sthyazItiziSyaH parivRto mAlavakadezAt saMghena sArddha zatrujaye gatvA RSabhezvaramabhivandya pazcAdvalamAno rAtrau siddhavaTasyAdhobhAge sthitastatra madhyarAtrisamaye AkAze rohiNIzakaTa madhyevRhaspati pravezaM vilokya evamuktavAn sAmpratamIdRzI velA vidyate yato yasya mastake hastaH kriyate sa prasiddhimAn bhavatIti / athaitat zrutvA tryazItyapi ziSyarukta-svAmin ! vayaM bhavatAM ziSyAH smaH yUyamasmAkaM vidyAguravastato'smadupari kRpAM kRtvA hastaH kriyatAm / tato gurubhirukta vAsacUrNamAnIyatAM / tadA taiH ziSyaiH kASThachagaNAdicUrNaM kRtvA gurubhya prAnIya dattam / gurubhirapi taccUrNa mantrayitvA vyazIteH ziSyANAM mastake vikSiptam / tataHprabhAte zrI gurubhiH svasyAlpAyurjJAtvA tatraivAnazanaM kRtvA svargatiH praaptaa| atha te tryazItirapi ziSyA AcArya-padaM prApya pRthak pRthak vihAraM cakruH / athaika: svazisyo varddhamAnasUriH yazItiSya ime anyadIyAH ziSyA evaM caturazIti gacchAH saMjAtA iti vRddhavAdaH / " 38. udyotanasUripaTTe zrI varddhamAnasUriH sa ca SaNmAsAn yAvat AcAmlatapaH kRtvA dharaNendra samArAdhya zrI sImaMdharasvAmipAveM saMpreSya sUrimaMtraM zuddhaM kAritavAn / tathA punarekadA vihAraM kurvan sarasAkhye smaayyau|" (azrutapUrva Azcarya) "paNhAvAgaraNa sUtra" meM zramaNoM ke sAtha "suvihita" vizeSaNa kA prayoga aneka sthAnoM para kiyA gayA hai yathA-"japi ya samaNassa suvihiyassa u rogAyaMke bahu pagArammisamupaNNe. . "........"pi ya samaNassa suvihiyassa tu paDiggahadhArissa bhavati bhAyaNabhaMDovahI upakaraNaM paDiggaho pAttabaMdhaNaM........." .....paNhAvAgaraNaM, saMvaradvAra paMcama........
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "tasminnavasare ca somabrAhmaNasya dvau putrau zivadAsabuddhisAgara nAmAnau ekA ca kalyANavatInAmnI putrI-evaM trayo'pyete somezvaramahAdevasya yAtrArthaM gacchantaH sarasAbhidhAne pattane samAjagmustatra sarasvatyAM nadyAM snAtvA rAtrau tatraiva suptAH / tato'rddharAtrivelAyAM somezvara : (mahAdeva :) prAdurbhUya tebhya ityuvAca-bho ! prasanno'haM mArgayata manovAMchitaM varaM / tatastairvaikuNThaM yAcitam / sa prAha-bho! mamApi vaikuNThaM nAsti tato bhavadbhyaH kuto dadAmi ? paraM yadi vaikuNThe bhavatAM icchAsti tarhi zrI varddhamAnasUrezcaraNa-sevA kAryA sa evaiko vaikuNThadAtA'sti-ityukta vA devo'dRzyo babhUva / tataH prAtaH kAle te trayo'pi janA nadyAM snAtvA upAzrayamAgatya ca gurubhyo vaikuNThamamArgayan / tato gurubhirapi ekasya bhrAturmastakazikhAyAM sthitAM matsI darzayitvA dayAmayaM zrI jainadharma dyotayitvA tAn pratibodhya dIkSA dattA,'yogAdikaM vAhayitvA srvsiddhaantpaargaaHkRtaaH| zivadAsasya jinezvareti nAma dattam / / zodhArthiyoM evaM itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAle vijJajanoM ke liye . upayuddha ta gurvAvali-gadyAMza meM ullikhita pratyeka 'bAta bar3I gaMbhIratA ke sAtha mananIya hai / isa gadyAMza se vibhinna gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyoM ke aitihAsika dRSTi se , mUlyAMkana meM tathA unakI prAmANikatA athavA aprAmANikatA ke nirdhAraNa meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhoM se pUrNataH bhinna pratikUla athavA viruddha jina ghaTanAoM kA ullekha isa gurvAvalI meM kiyA gayA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. tapAgaccha gurvAvalI meM udyotanasUri ko vinayacandrasUri kA paTTadhara aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prAcArya paramparA kA 35vAM aura muni sundara racita gurvAvalI paramparA meM 36vAM prAcArya batAyA gayA hai / isake viparIta kharataragaccha kI uparyullikhita dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra, bIkAnera meM vidyamAna jaina gurvAvalI meM udyotanasUri ko prAcArya nemicandrasUri kA paTTadhara 27vAM prAcArya batAyA gayA hai| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM inhIM AcArya nemicandra ko 36veM prAcArya ke rUpa meM yazobhadrasUri ke sAtha batAyA gayA hai / isake viparIta tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM 39veM udyotanasUri ke uttaravartI kAlIna paTTadhara yazobhadrasUri ko kharataragaccha kI isa gurvAvalI meM udyotanasUri se 4 paTTa pUrva ke 34veM prAcArya ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / 3 1. gurvAvalI (1892) taka po. 10. graM. 152, zrIdAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra bIkAnera / patra 538 pRSThoM vAlI isa gurvAvalI kI phoTosTeTa prati mA. vinaya candrajJAna bhaNDAra meM hai / gurvAvalI (1862) taka po. 10 naM. 152 zrI dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra, bIkAnera patra 5. (83 pRSThoM vAlI isa gurvAvalI kI phoTosTeTa prati AcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAnabhaNDAra meM hai)| 3. paTTAvalI samuccaya prathama bhAga pRSTha 24, 53, 54 aura (kharataragaccha) gurvAvalI dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra, bIkAnera po. 10, graM. 152, pRSTha 8 / .
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] unfo [ 107 isa prakAra donoM paTTAvaliyoM meM AcAryoM ke pUrvApara krama meM paraspara virodhI bar3A hI heraphera hone ke kAraNa gahana zodha ke binA yaha kahanA eka prakAra se asaMbhava sA ho gayA hai ki ina donoM paTTAvaliyoM meM se kaunasI prAmANika hai aura kaunasI prAmANika / * 2. kharataragaccha kI isa gurvAvalI ke Upara uddhata pAThAMza meM isa bAta kA spaSTa ullekha hai ki udyotanasUri ko mahAn vidvAn, vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlaka ( zuddha kriyApAtra) samajha kara zramaNa samUhoM ke nAyaka 83 sthaviroM ne apanA-apanA eka medhAvI ziSya zAstroM ke adhyayana ke liye udyotanasUri kI sevA meM bhejA / udyotanasUri ne una 83 sthaviroM ke 83 ziSyoM ko zAstra kA adhyayana aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA bodha karavAyA / usa avasara para abohara pradeza kI sthavira maNDalI ke caityavAsI prAcArya jinacandrAcArya ke varddhamAna nAmaka ziSya ko siddhAntoM kA avagAhana karate samaya 84 AzAtanA adhikAra ko par3ha kara bar3A Azcarya huA / usane apane caityavAsI guru jinacandrAcArya se nivedana kiyA- svAmin! caitya meM hamAre nivAsa ke kAraNa hama ina AzAtanAoM se baca nahIM sakate, isaliye mujhe to caitya meM nivAsa kiMcit mAtra bhI rucikara pratIta nahIM hotA / " isa para caityavAsI AcArya jinacandrasUri ne apane ziSya varddhamAna ko AkrozapUrNa svara meM vipratAr3ita kiyA - bhalA-burA kahA / guru dvArA bhalA-burA kahe jAne para bhI caityavAsI guru ke ziSya varddhamAna ke mana meM vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke prati jo zraddhA utpanna ho gaI thI, usameM kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM AI / usane caityavAsa kA parityAga kara diyA aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle udyotanasUri kI khyAti suna vaha unakI sevA meM upasthita huA aura unase vizuddha zramaraNa dharma kI upasampadA athavA dIkSA grahaNa kara unakA ( udyotanasUri kA ) ziSya bana gayA / udyotanasUri ne navadIkSita ziSya varddhamAnasUri ko kramazaH sabhI siddhAntoMAgamoM kA adhyayana karAyA / apane medhAvI ziSya varddhamAnasUri muni ko AgamaniSNAta evaM suyogya samajha kara udyotanasUri ne unheM AcArya pada pradAna kiyA / ! "mere isa medhAvI evaM pratibhAzAlI ziSya varddhamAna muni se mere gaccha kI abhivRddhi Adi neka kAma hoMge " - yaha kaha kara udyotanasUri ne unheM uttarAkhaNDa meM vicaraNa karane kI AjJA pradAna kI / guru AjJA ko zirodhArya kara varddhamAnasUri vihArakrama se uttarAkhaNDa meM pahu~ce aura vahA~ vibhinna grAma nagara Adi meM dharmopadeza dene lage / apane ziSya varddhamAnasUri ko uttarAkhaNDa kI ora vihAra karane kI AjJA pradAna karane ke anantara 83 zramaraNa samUhoM ke sthaviroM dvArA AgamoM ke adhyayana hetu apane pAsa bheje gaye 83 zikSArthI zramaNa ziSyoM se parivRta zrI udyotanasUri ne saMgha ke sAtha mAlava pradeza se zatrunjaya parvatarAja para RSabhadeva ko vaMdana kiyA / zatrunjaya se lauTate samaya mArga meM unhoMne siddhavaTa ( bar3avRkSa ) ke nIce rAtri vizrAma kiyA /
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________________ 108 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vahAM AdhI rAta ke samaya unhoMne gaganamaNDala meM dekhA ki rohiNI zakaTa meM vahaspati praveza kara rahA hai / yaha dekha kara udyotanasUri ne kahA-isa samaya aisI lAbhadAyaka zubha velA cala rahI hai ki maiM jisa kisI ke zira para hAtha kara (rakha) + to vahI sarvatra prasiddha ho jAya / " yaha suna kara una sabhI 83 ziSya zramaNoM ne udyotanasUri se prArthanA kI"svAmin ! Apa hamAre vidyA guru haiM aura hama Apake ziSya haiM, ataH Apa kRpA kara hamAre zira para apanA kara kamalakara diijiye|" udyotanasUri ne kahA-"vAsacUrNa laao|" isa para una 83 zramaNoM ne kASTa evaM kaNDe ekatra kara unakA cUrNa banAyA aura udyotana sUri ko samarpita kiyaa| udyotanasUri ne usa vAsacUrNa ko abhimaMtrita kara kramazaH 83 sAdhuoM ke mastakoM para vAsakSepa kiyaa| prAtaHkAla udyotanasUri ne apanI Ayu svalpa jAnakara anazana aMgIkAra kiyA aura vahIM samAdhipUrvaka svargastha hue| anya (apanI paramparA se bhinna paramparA vAle) sthaviroM ke una 83 sabhI ziSyoM ne (apane-apane zramaNa samUha meM pahu~ca kara) AcAryapada prApta kiye| unhoMne pRthak-pRthak kSetroM meM vihAra kiyA aura unake 83 gaccha prakaTa hue| udyotanasUri ne apane svayaM ke ziSya varddhamAna muni ko prAcAryapada pahale hI pradAna kara diyA thA, unakA gaccha caurAsI gaccha kI prasiddhi ko prApta huaa| isa prakAra caurAsI gacchoM kI utpatti huii|" kharataragaccha gurvAvalI ke isa ullekha se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke usa varcasvakAla meM udyotanasUri vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle udbhaTa vidvAn prAcArya the| unake pAsa jina 84 zramaNoM ne zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA, unameM se 83 to anyAnya parakIya sthaviroM ke ziSya the aura kevala eka varddhamAnasUri hI unake dvArA dIkSita unake ziSya the| yadi varddhamAnasUri se pUrva dIkSita ziSyoM kA parivAra udyotanasUri kA hotA to ve una pUrvadIkSita ziSyoM meM se kisI ko sUrIzvara athavA prAcArya kA pada avazyameva pradAna karate / saMbhavataH unake pAsa varddhamAnasUri se pUrva dIkSita ziSya parivAra nahIM thA, ' isI kAraNa caityavAsI paramparA se nikale hue varddhamAna muni ko unhoMne prAcAryapada pradAna kiyaa| ina bAtoM para vicAra karane para anubhava kiyA jAtA hai ki varddhamAnasUri ke guru udyotanasUri kahIM zramaNa bhagavAn kI usa vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA ke ziSya parivAra vihIna AcArya to nahIM the, jisake sambandha meM abhayadevasUri se lekara Aja taka ke sabhI vidvAnoM ne caityavAsI paramparA ke ekAdhipatya
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] udyotanasUri [ 106 athavA varcasva ke kAraNa ati kSINa, atigauraNa rUpa meM avaziSTa raha jAne kA sarva sammata rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai / isa prakAra ke anumAna ke pIche pramAraNoM kA bAhulya na ho aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI aAdi tapAgacchIya aitihAsika sAhitya meM eka nahIM aneka ullekha isa prakAra ke haiM, jinase yaha AbhAsa hotA hai ki tapAgacchIya paTTAvalI ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prAcArya paramparA ke 35veM prAcArya zrI vimalacandrasUri ke paTTadhara ziSya evaM 36veM prAcArya zrI sarvadevasUri ke guru vRhadgaccha ke saMsthApaka 35veM prAcAryazrI udyotanasUri aura varddhamAnasUri ke guru kharataragaccha ke Adi prAcArya zrI udyotanasUri sunizcita rUpa se bhinna-bhinna samaya meM hue samAna nAmA do bhinna prAcArya the| isa sandarbha meM nimnalikhita tathya vicAraNIya haiM : 1. vi0 saM0 1466 meM zrI guNaratnasUri dvArA racita-"zrI guru parvakramavarNanam" nAmaka prAcIna choTe se grantha meM ina udyotanasUri dvArA vRhadgaccha kI sthApanA kA samaya aura apane 8 ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada pradAna karane kA nimnalikhita ullekha hai : yugAMkananda 664 pramite gate'bde, zrI vikramArkAtsaha saMghalokaiH / pUrvavinIto viharandharAyA mudyotanaHsUrirathAbuMdAdhaH / / 8 / / Agatya TelIpurasIma saMstha padyAsamAsannavRhadvaTAdhaH / zubhe muhUrte svapade'STasUrI ... natiSThapatsauvakulodayAya // 6 // ' arthAt vikrama saMvata 664 tadanusAra vIra ni0 1464 meM saMgha ke sAtha pUrvIya bhArata se vihAra karate huye udyotanasUri AbUparvata kI talahaTI meM avasthita TelIpura kI sImA ke vana meM dina Dhalate Dhalate pahu~ce aura eka vizAla vaTavRkSa ke nIce Thahare / vahAM rAtri meM zubha muhUrta dekhakara unhoMne jinazAsana ke abhyudaya ke uddezya se apane 8 ziSyoM ko prAcAryapada pradAna kiyaa| 2. vi. saM. 1648 kI caitra zuklA 6 zukravAra ke dina 58veM paTadhara hIravijayasUri ke nirdezAnusAra upAdhyAya zrI vimalaharSagariNa Adi cAra gItArthoM dvArA aneka prAcIna paTTAvaliyoM ke AdhAra para saMzodhita mahopAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara gariNa kI svopajJavRti sahita " zrI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI sUtram" meM etadviSayaka ullekha nimnalikhita rUpa meM hai : 1. paTTAvalI samuccaya prathama bhAga, paSTa 27
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________________ 110 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 " paNatIsotti zrI vimalacandrasUri paTTe paMcatriMzattamaH zrIudyotanasUriH / sacArbudAcala yAtrArthaM pUrvAvanitaH samAgataH TeligrAmasya sImni pRthorvaTasya chAyAyAmupaviSTo nija paTTodaya hetu bhavya muhUrtamavagamya zrI vIrAt catuSSaSThyadhika caturdazazata 1464 varSe, vikramAt catu navatyadhikanavazata 664 varSe nijapaTTe zrI sarvadeva sUriprabhRtInaMSTau sUrIn sthApitavAn / kecittu sarvadevasUrImekameveti vadaMti / vaTasyAdhaH sUripadakaraNAt vaTagaccha iti paMcamanAma lokaprasiddhaM / pradhAna ziSya saMtatyA jJAnAdiguNaiH pradhAna caritaizca bRhatvAd bRhadgaccha ityapi / ' 3. sahavimalagariNa ziSya zrI devavimalagariNa (vi. saM. 1636 se 1671) viracita hIra saubhAgya nAmaka kAvya meM "zrImanmahAvIradevapaTTaparamparA" meM udyotanasUri ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai " : " reje'sya paTTe smararUpadheyaH, sUrIndrarudyotananAmadheyaH / digvAraNendrA iva sUricandrAH, saMjajJire yatpadadhAriNo'STau / / 64 / muhUrtamadvaitamavetya TelI, grAmasya yaH sImni vRhadvaTAdhaH / pArzvo garaNIndrAniva kAziku je / / 65 / / : uparilikhita tInoM paTTAvaliyoM ke uddharaNoM kA sArAMza yaha hai "bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cautIsaveM aura dUsarI mAnyatAnusAra paiMtIsaveM paTTadhara zrI vimala candrasUri ke paTTadhara ziSya ( prabhu mahAvIra ke 35veM athavA 36veM paTTadhara zrI udyotana sUri ne vi. saM. 664 tadnusAra vIra saM. 1464 prAbU parvatarAja kI talahaTI ke TelIgrAma kI sImA meM vizAla vaTavRkSa ke nIce rAtri meM zubha muhUrta dekha kara sarvadeva sUri Adi apane ATha ziSyoM ko AcAryapada pradAna kiye / mahopAdhyAya kI svopajJavRti sahita "zrI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI sUtram" nAmaka paTTAvalI. meM katipaya pUrvAcAryoM athavA paTTavalIkAroM kI isa mAnyatA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki vaTa vRkSa ke nIce udyotanasUri ne apane ATha ziSyoM ko nahIM apitu sarvadeva nAmaka kevala eka ziSya ko hI apane paTTadhara ke rUpa meM AcAryapada pradAna kiyA / " asthApayaccaityatarostale'STau, 1. paTTAvalI samuccaya bhAga 1 pRSTha 53 2. "" pRSTha 126
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] udyotanasUri [ 111 tapAgaccha kI aba taka upalabdha anya sabhI paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI lagabhaga isI bAta kA ullekha hai ki vIra nirvANa varSa 964 meM udyotanasUri ne sarvadeva ko athavA sarvadeva Adi apane ATha ziSyoM ko TeligrAma kI sImA meM sthita vizAla vaTavRkSa ke nIce prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA / 1 tapAgaccha kI uparivarNita paTTAvaliyA ma se kisI eka bhI paTTAvalI . meM ina udyotanasUri kA, kharataragaccha ke Adi puruSa hone ke rUpa meM kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai| kevala itanA hI nahIM apitu usa samaya kI sarvAdhika zaktimatI caityavAsI paramparA kA tRNavat tyAga kara kriyoddhAra karane vAle varddhamAnasUri ke ina udyotana sUri ke pAsa Ane, unase upasampadA grahaNa karane, ziSyatva aMgIkAra kara Agama zAstroM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta karane Adi kA kahIM koI nAma mAtra bhI ullekha nahIM hai / caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva aura vizuddha zramaNa-paramparA ke ghora saMkrAntikAla meM eka aitihAsika dharma krAnti kA sUtrapAta karane vAle varddhamAnasUri yadi ina udyotanasUri ke pAsa upasampadA evaM zAstroM kA jJAna grahaNa karate to tapAgaccha ke paTTAvalIkAra udyotanasUri ke yazasvI jIvana meM cAra cA~da lagA dene vAlI isa aitihAsika dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA ke ullekha ke lobha kA saMvaraNa kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM kara pAte / guru kI gaurava-garimA meM AzAtIta ullekhanIya abhivaddhi karane vAlI isa prakAra kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA kA tapAgacchIya paTTAvalIkAroM ne apane guru udyotanasUri ke jIvanavRtta meM kahIM kiMcitmAtra bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, isase yahI tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM bar3agaccha ke saMsthApaka una udyotanasUri se ye varddhamAnasUri ke guru vanavAsI udyotanasUri samAna nAma vAle bhinna prAcArya the| bar3a (vRhad) gaccha kI saMsthApanA aura durlabharAja solaMkI kI rAjasabhA meM, varddhamAnasUri kI vidyamAnatA meM caityavAsI prAcAryoM ke sAtha hue jinezvarasUri ke zAstrArtha ke saMbaMdha meM kAla kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki samAna nAma vAle ye donoM AcArya eka dUsare se bhinna samaya meM hue the| na kevala tapAgaccha kI paTTAvaliyoM meM hI apitu anyAnya gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI isa bAta para mataikya hai ki bar3agaccha kI saMsthApanA udyotanasUri dvArA prAbUparvata kI talahaTI meM vikrama saM. 664 (vIra ni0 saM. 1464) meM huI / ___ isake viparIta kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM udyotanasari ke saMbaMdha meM jo ullekha hai, usakA sArAMza yaha hai ki caurAsI maThoM ke nAyaka caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya jinacandra abhohara pradeza meM the| unake pAsa varddhamAna nAmaka eka kizora ne caityavAsI paramparA kI sAdhudIkSA grahaNa kii| muni varddhamAna ko vidyAbhyAsa karAyA 1. paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1 pRSTha 145, 152, aura 168
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________________ 112 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 4 gyaa| unhoMne saiddhAntika granthoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhuoM, prAcAryoM Adi kA siddhAnta zAstroM se viparIta AcAra-vicAra-vyavahAra dekha kara unhoMne sacce zramaNadharma ko aMgIkAra karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| guru dvArA aneka bhAMti samajhAye jAne aura pralobhana diye jAne ke uparAnta bhI varddhamAna muni caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara sacce kriyAniSTha zramaraNazreSTha guru kI khoja meM nikala par3e / sudUrastha pradezoM ke vibhinna nagaroM meM vicaraNa karane ke pazcAt varddhamAna dillI ke samIpavartI kSetra meM phuNce| vahAM unakI udyotana sUri se bheMTa huI / "vRddhAcArya prabaMdhAvalI" ke varddhamAna sUriprabaMdha ke anusAra ve udyotanasUri araNyacArIgaccha ke nAyaka the / sacce guru kI khoja meM ghUmate hue varddhamAna muni ko udyotanasUri ke darzanoM se pUrNa saMtoSa huA ki sacce zramaraNa dharma kA pAlana karane vAle jina aAgama niSNAta guru kI khoja meM ve vibhinna kSetroM meM ghUme, unakA vaha parizrama saphala huprA / muni varddhamAna ne udyotanasUri ke pAsa zAstrokta sacce zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura unakI sevA meM rahakara sabhI zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyaa| apane medhAvI ziSya varddhamAnasUri ko sabhI bhAMti suyogya samajha kara udyotanasUri ne unheM AcAryapada pradAna kiyaa| "upasampadaM gRhItavAn / tadanantaraM zrIvarddhamAna sUreriyaM cintAjAtA-asya sUrimantrasya ko adhisstthaataa| tasya jJAnAyopavAsatrayamakAri / " ina vAkyoM se yahI anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki udyotanasUri apane ziSya varddhamAna ko prAcAryapada evaM usake sAtha sAtha sUrimantra bhI pradAna kiyA / sUrimaMtra pradAna karane ke pazcAt udyotanasUri meM apane ziSya varddhamAnasUri ko anyatra vihAra karane kI AjJA pradAna kI athavA svargArohaNa kiyA, isa saMbaMdha meM pramANAbhAva ke kAraNa kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu isase yaha to siddha hotA hai ki sUrimaMtra dene ke pazcAt guru athavA ziSya ne eka dUsare se bhinna dizA meM vihAra kara diyA / anyathA "sUri maMtra kA adhiSThAtA kauna hai", apane aMtarmana meM isa prakAra kI jijJAsA utpanna hote hI varddhamAna sari tatkAla apane guru se pUcha kara apane antarmana meM uThe prazna kA tatkAla hI samAdhAna kara lete aura unheM isake liye tIna upavAsa kI tapasyApUrvaka dharaNendra kI prAdhanA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| udyotanasUri ke sAtha-sAtha varddhamAnasUri kA jo vivaraNa Upara diyA gayA hai, isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA meM dIkSita varddhamAnasUri ko prAgama samajhane yogya adhyayana karane meM 10-15 varSa kA samaya avazya lagA hogaa| AgamoM meM pratipAdita dharma evaM zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa kI tulanA meM caityavAsI paramparA ke anAgamika AcAra-vicAra ke sAtha sAtha unakI zAstra viruddha dhArmika mAnyatAoM ke saMbaMdha meM kSIra nIra vivekapUrNa dRSTi se vicAra kara caityavAsI paramparA kA tyAga karane kI paripakva buddhi bhI varddhamAna muni meM kama se kama tIsa paiMtIsa varSa jaisI vaya kI avasthA meM hI AI hogI / isa prakAra 30-35 varSa kI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] udyotanasUri [ 113 avasthA meM caityavAsa kA parityAga kara upekSita evaM kSINa banI huI vizuddha zramaNa paramparA ke kriyAniSTha zramaNa zreSTha udyotanasUri jaise samartha sacce guru ko khojane meM bhI thor3A-bahuta samaya lagA hogaa| taduparAnta udyotanasUri ke pAsa upasaMpadA grahaNa karane ke anantara agAdha sAgara tulya AgamoM ke adhyayana karane aura unameM niSNAta hone meM bhI kama se kama 12 varSa kA samaya unheM avazya lagA hogaa| ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM varddhamAnasUri ne lagabhaga 50 varSa kI apanI Ayu ho cukane ke pazcAt udyotanasUri se prAcAryapada prApta kiyA hogA / ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para jisa samaya varddhamAnasUri ne udyotanasUri kI sevA meM rahate hue Agama jJAna meM niSNAtatA ke sAtha-sAtha AcArya pada prApta kiyA usa samaya unakI vaya 50 ke lagabhaga honI caahiye| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra durlabharAja kI sabhA meM barddhamAnasUri kI vidyamAnatA meM unakI anumati se unake ziSya jinezvarasUri ne sUrAcArya Adi caityavAsI AcAryoM se zAstrArtha kara una para vijaya prApta kii|' durlabharAja kA rAjya kAla vi. saM. 1067 se 1076-80taka I. sa. 1010 se 1022 taka kA itihAsa siddha hai / tapAgacchapaTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra vimalacandra sUri ke ziSya udyotana-sUri ne vi. saM. 664 meM bar3agaccha kI sthApanA kara AcAryapada ke kartavyoM athavA kAryabhAra se nivRtti lii| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM varddhamAnasUri tapAgaccha kI paTTAvalI ke 35veM paTTadhara prAcArya ke ziSya kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM ho sakate / kyoMki vi. saM. 164 meM 50 varSa kI avasthA ko prApta varddhamAnasUri kI Ayu vikrama saMvata 1080 meM cAlukyarAja kI rAja sabhA meM upasthita hone kI dazA meM 136 varSa (50 plasa 86=136) taka pahu~catI hai| ___ ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI siddha hotA hai ki tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke 35veM paTTadhara udyotanasUri se sunizcitarUpeNa varddhamAnasUri ke guru araNyacArIsUri vastutaH koI bhinna evaM pazcAdvartI tathA usa samaya pratikSINa avasthA meM pravaziSTa rahI, upekSita evaM nitAnta gauNa banI mUla vizuddha zramaNa paramparA ke ziSya santati-vihIna prAcArya the| jahAM taka varddhamAnasUri ke guru kI kramabaddha guru paramparA kA prazna hai, mUla paramparA ke kSINa athavA upekSita ho jAne ke pariNAma svarUpa vaha (guru paramparA) vismRti ke garta meM vilIna ho gaI pratIta hotI hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti prAcIna itihAsa ke 1. gurubhiH (varddhamAnasUribhiH) bhariNatam-"eSa paMDita jinezvara uttara pratyuttara yad bhariNaSyati tadasmAkam sammatameva / " kharataragaccha vRhada gurvAvalI pRSTha-3
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________________ 114 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- bhAga 4 vihaMgamAvalokana se bhI prakAza meM AtI hai ki sudIrgha atIta meM tatvArtha sUtra jaise atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha ke racanAkAra umAsvAti aura digambara paramparA meM prAgama tulya vipula granthoM ke nirmAtA kunda kunda kI kramabaddha guru paramparA vismRti ke garta meM vilIna ho jAne ke kAraNa Aja kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotii| eka anumAna yaha bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai ki muni varddhamAna ne caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara AgamAnusAra vizuddha niraticAra saMyama kA pAlana karanevAle, jina AcArya ke pAsa upasaMpadA aura AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyA, unakA nAma kahIM lipibaddha na hone athavA anya kinhIM kAraNoM se utaravartIkAla meM lekhakoM kI smRti se tirohita ho gayA ho| isa anumAna kI puSTi karane vAle do tathya vastutaH mananIya haiN| prathama to yaha ki prabhAvaka caritrakAra prabhAcandra sUri ne prabhAvaka caritra meM zrI jinezvara aura buddhisAgara kI dIkSA ke prasaMga meM unake guru varddhamAnasUri kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai : ita: sapAdalakSe'sti nAmnA karcapuraM puram // 3 // tatrAsIt prazamazrIbhirvarddhamAna guNodadhiH / zrI varddhamAna ityAkhya sUriH saMsArapArabhUH / / 33 / / caturbhiradhikAzItizcaityAnAM yena ttyje| / siddhAntAbhyAsataH satya-tattvaM vijJAya saMsRteH / / 34 // arthAt pUrvakAlIna sAMbhara rAjya ke antargata kUrcapura (kucerA) nagara meM nirantara bar3hate hue guNoM ke sAgara varddhamAna nAmaka prAcArya rahate the, jo ki vastutaH sacce mumukSu the / AgamoM ke abhyAsa se una varddhamAnasUri ne saMsAra ke vAstavika svarUpa-tattvajJAna ko samajha kara caurAsI caityoM ke mAThapatya evaM caityavAsa kA tyAga kara diyaa| vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI ke labdha pratiSTha itihAsakAra prabhAcandrasUri ne apanI vi. saM. 1334 kI mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika kRti "prabhAvaka caritra" kI Upara uddha ta paMktiyoM meM na to udyotanasUri kA nAmollekha taka kiyA hai aura na hI varddhamAnasUri kA paricaya dete hue isa bAta kA koI saMketa taka diyA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga karane ke anantara varddhamAnasUri ne vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pratipAlana karane vAle kina vidvAn prAcArya kA ziSyatva aMgIkAra kara athAha Agamodadhi kA adhyayana evaM avagAhana kiyaa| prabhAcandrasUri jaise taTastha rAjagaccha ke AcArya dvArA varddhamAnasUri evaM abhayadevasUri ke paricaya meM udyotanasUri ke nAma taka kA ullekha na kiyA jAnA 1. prabhAvaka caritra abhayadevasUri caritam, pRSTha 162
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] udyotanasUri [ 115 vastutaH eka vicAraNIya viSaya hai| prabhAcandrasUri dvArA varddhamAnasUri ke guru udyotanasUri ke nAmollekha taka na kiye jAne kA eka hI kAraNa anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM ullikhita 35veM paTTadhara udyotanasUri se katipaya varSoM pazcAt hue upekSita mUla zramaNa paramparA ke ziSya saMtati vihIna, mahAn kriyAniSTha evaM vidvAn una udyotanasUri ke nAma, unakI guru paramparA Adi ke sambandha meM tatkAlIna jaina saMgha meM kisI prakAra kA koI vivAda rahA ho| pratyeka vijJa ko cauMkA dene vAlI adbhut AzcaryakArI bAta to yaha hai ki varddhamAnasUri ke jIvanakAla meM jinezvarasUri dvArA dIkSita aura varddhamAnasUri ke. Adeza-nirdeza se hI prAcAryapada para adhiSThita kiye gaye navAMgIvRtikAra jainajagat ke prakAzapuMja nakSatra abhayadevasUri ne bhI navAMgIvRttiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM apane dAdAguru varddhamAnasUri kA to pragAr3ha zraddhAbhakti se prota-prota ameya sammAnapUrNa zabdoM meM smaraNa kiyA hai kintu apane dAdAguru varddhamAnasUri ke guru arthAt apane paradAdAguru udyotanasUri kA kahIM koI nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA hai| navAMgIvRtikAra ne apane pUrvAcAryoM kA smaraNa nimnalikhita rUpa meM kiyA hai : ....... taccandrakulInapravacanapraNItApratibaddhavihArahAricaritazrI varddhamAnAbhidhAnamunipatipAdopase vinaH pramANAdivyutpAdanapravaNaprakaraNaprabaMdhapraNayinaH prabuddhapratibandhapravaktapravINApratihatapravacanArthapradhAnavAkprasarasya suvihitamuni janamukhyasya zrI jinezvarAcAryasya tadanujasya ca vyAkaraNAdi zAstrakartu: zrIbuddhisAgarAcAryasya caraNacaMcarIkakalpena zrImadabhayadevasUrinAmnA mayA mahAvIrajinarAjasantAnavartinA mahArAjavaMzajanmaneva saMvignamunivarga zrImadajitasiMhAcAryAntevAsi yazodevagaNi nAmadheyasAdhokhtarasAdhakasyeva vidyA-kriyA-pradhAnasya sAhAyyena samarthitam / "1 aupapAtikavRtti ke anta meM bhI abhayadevasUri ne apane guru aura praguru kA smaraNa isI rUpa meM kiyA hai / yathA : candrakulavipulabhUtalayugapravaravardhamAnakalpataroH / . kusumopamasya sUreH guNasaurabhabharitabhavanasya / / 1 / / nissaMbaMdhavihArasya sarvadA zrI jinezvarAhasya / / ziSyeNAbhayadevAkhyasUriNeyaM kRtA vRttiH / / 2 // ahilapATakanagare zrImadroNAkhyasUrimukhyena / paNDitaguNena guNavatpriyeNa saMzodhitA ceyam / / 3 / / abhayadeva sUri ne na kevala apane dAdAguru varddhamAnasUri tathA apane guru jinezvarasUri aura unake laghusahodaralaghu gurubhrAtA buddhisAgarasUri kI prazaMsA meM hI 1. sthAnAMgavRtti racanAkAla vi. saM. 1120 ! -
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________________ 116 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 pragAr3ha vinaya-bhaktipUrNa zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai apitu caityavAsI paramparA ke nirvR takakulIna AcArya droNa kI bhI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue "jJAtAdharma kathAMga" kI vRti meM likhA hai : nirvR takakulanabhastalacandradroNAkhyasUrimukhyena / paNDitaguNena guNavatpriyeNa saMzodhitA ceyam / / 10 / / isa prakAra apane guru, guru ke bhrAtA, praguru aura caityavAsI paramparA ke vidvAn AcArya droNa kI to abhayadeva sUri ne bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI kintu apane praguru ko vizuddha zramaraNa dharma kI upasaMpadA athavA dIkSA tathA AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna pradAna karane vAle udyotanasUri kA kahIM koI kiMcitmAtra bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / yaha dekhakara pratyeka vijJa ke antarmana meM Azcarya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAMti-bhAMti ke UhApohoM kA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hI hai / abhayadevasUri dvArA apane pUrvAcAryoM kA smaraNa kiye jAne ke samaya apanI paramparA ke Adi prAcArya zrI udyotanasUri ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiye jAne se itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhanevAle pratyeka prabuddha pAThaka ke mana meM yaha vicAra utpanna honA svAbhAvika hI hai ki varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsa kA parityAga karane ke anantara mUla-zramaraNa paramparA athavA suvihita zramaNa paramparA ke kina prAcArya ke pAsa cAritrika upasaMpadA aMgIkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha AgamoM kA adhyayana kiyA / kharataragaccha paTTAvalI meM udyotanasUri ke pAsa upasaMpadA aura AgamoM kA jJAna grahaNa kA spaSTa ullekha hai to una udyotanasUri ke tRtIya paTTadhara abhaya devasUri jaise vidvAn AcArya ne apane Adi AcArya ke rUpa meM unakA nAmollekha taka kisa kAraNa nahIM kiyA ? caityavAsa kA parityAga karane ke pazcAt varddhamAnasUri ne vizuddha mUla zramaNa paramparA meM udyotanasUri athavA anya kisI prAcArya ke pAsa upasaMpadA zravazyameva grahaNa kii| yadi udyotanasUri ke pAsa upasaMpadA graharaNa kI to ve udyotanasUri kisa mUlaM athavA kisa paramparA ke prAcArya the / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM jina udyotanasUri ko zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 35vAM paTTadhara batAyA gayA hai, ve udyotanasUri to, jaisAki batAyA jA cukA hai, varddhamAnasUri ke guru ho nahIM sakate kyoMki vi0 saM0 164 meM una udyotanasUri ne jina muniyoM ko vaTavRkSa ke nIce prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA, una muniyoM meM varddhamAnasUri kA kahIM koI nAmollekha taka upalabdha nahIM hotA / yadi mAna bhI liyA jAya ki ATha ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA, unameM sambhavataH varddhamAnasUri bhI sammilata hoM to usa dazA meM bhI vi0 saM0 664 meM prAcArya pada para zrAsIna kiye gaye varddhamAnasUri vi0 saM0 1080 meM arthAt praur3hAvasthA meM prAcArya pada para zrArUr3ha hone ke 86 varSa pazcAt taka durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha meM upasthita raha sake hoM, yaha saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA / jaisA ki kharataragaccha ke zrIpUjyoM kI pUraka paTTAvaliyoM meM udyotanasUri nAma ke ziSya saMtati
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] udyotanasUri [ 117 vihIna AcArya dvArA 83 anyAnyagacchoM ke sthaviroM ke 83 ziSyoM ko zAstroM kA gahana jJAna pradAna kiye jAne ke anantara vaTavRkSa ke nIce kaNDe kASTha Adi ke cUrNa kA una ziSyoM ke Upara vAsakSepa kiyA gayA aura ve sabhI 83 muni yazasvI prAcArya bane / isa ghaTanA se paryApta samaya pUrva caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara apanI zaraNa meM Aye hue jJAna pipAsu ziSya varddhamAnasUri ko udyotanasUri dvArA prAcArya pada pradAna kiye jAne kA bhI kharataragaccha kI pUraka paTTAvaliyoM meM ullekha hai, usake AdhAra para yadi varddhamAnasUri ko tapAgaccha paTTAvaliyoM athavA gurvAvalI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 35veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM ullikhita vizAla saMtati vAle udyotanasUri ko hI varddhamAnasUri kA guru mAna liyA jAya to usa dazA meM jisa samaya varddhamAnasUri durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha meM upasthita hue, usa samaya unakI Ayu 140-150 ke lagabhaga honI caahie| bar3agaccha ke saMsthApaka udyotanasUri se varddhamAnasUri kA guru-ziSya sambandha jor3ane ke liye kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke pRSTha 60 para jinezvarasUri prabandha meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue zrI jinezvarasUri ke zAstrArtha kA samaya 56 varSa pUrva le jAte hue vi0 saM0 1080 ke sthAna para vi0 saM0 1024 likha diyA gayA hai, yathA : ..........to jinezvarasUrigacchanAyago viharamANo vasuhaM aNahillapurapaTTaNe gayo / tattha culasI gacchavAsiNo bhaTTAragA, davaligiNoM mar3havaiNo ceiyavAsiNo pAsai / pAsittA jiNasAsaNunnaikae siridullaharAyasabhAe vAyaM kayaM / dasasaya cauvIse (1) vaccharae te pAyariyA macchariNo hAriyA jiNesara sUriNA jiyN|" vastutaH vi0 saM0 1024 meM na to jinezvarasUri kA hI astitva thA aura na durlabharAja kA hii| isa binA sira paira ke apramANika ullekha ke pIche prabandhakAra kI yahI bhAvanA pratIta hotI hai ki vaha jinezvarasUri ke guru varddhamAnasUri ko vi0 saM0 664 meM bar3agaccha kI sthApanA ke anantara svargastha hue udyotanasUri kA ziSya siddha karanA cAhatA thaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti ke uparAnta bhI abhidhAna rAjendra koSa meM tapAgacchIya paTTAvalI se bhinna ullekha dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 37veM paTTadhara udyotanasUri2 ko varddhamAnasUri kA guru batAte hue likhA hai :-- "ujjoyaNasUri-udyotanasUri-pu0 devasUri-ziSya nemicandra ziSye varddhamAnasUri gurau vaTa gacchasya prathamAcArya : __ 1. abhidhAna rAjendra bhAga 2 pRSTha 745 2. dAnasAgara jaina jJAnabhaNDAra bIkAnera se upalabdha gurvAvalI (po. 10 graM. (sa) 152 saM. 1830 meM kSamAkalyANa upAdhyAya dvArA racita pRSTha 8 dekheN| (isakI phoTo sTeTa prati zrI vinayacandrajJAna bhaNDAra meM vidyamAna hai)
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________________ 118 1 / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 tasmAcca vimalacandraH sa hemasiddhirbabhUva sUrivaraH / udyotanazca sUriH, zoSita duritAMkuravyUhaH / / atha yuganavananda (962) mite, varSe vikramAdatikrAnte / pUrvAvanito viharan, so'rbudasugireH savidhamAgAt / / . tatra ca TelIkheTaka-sImAvanisaMstho varavaTAdhaH / sumuhUrte sUpadeSTAn sUrIn saMsthApayAmAsa / / khyAtasto gaNo'yaM vaTagacchavaho'pi vRddha gaccha iti / ga0 / paM0 baM0 / 664 mAlavadezAt zatrujayaM gacchan mArga eva devalokaM gataH / jai. i. // arthAt udyotanasUri bar3agaccha ke prathama prAcArya the / ve devasUri ke praziSya AcArya nemicandra ke ziSya aura prAcArya varddhamAnasUri ke guru the| pUrvI bhArata se vihAra kara udyotanasUri vi0 saM0 662 meM AbU parvata kI talahaTI ke Teli kheTaka nAmaka grAma kI sImA meM avasthita vizAla vaTavRkSa ke nIce pahu~ce / vahA~ (rAtri meM) zubha muhUrta dekhakara udyotanasUri ne apane vidvAn ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada pradAna kiye / ' una udyotanasUri kA vi0 saM0 664 meM mAlavA pradeza se zatrujaya tIthe kI ora jAte hue mArga meM hI svargavAsa ho gayA / " tapAgaccha kI paTTAvaliyoM, gurvAvaliyoM aura kharataragaccha kI gurvAvalI meM udyotanasUri ke pUrvAcAryoM tathA uttarAdhikAriyoM ke kramanAma Adi ke sambandha meN| kisa prakAra kA AkAza pAtAla jaisA antara hai, isakA vijJa pAThaka ina donoM paTTAvaliyoM ke nimnalikhita ullekhoM se sahaja hI anumAna lagA sakate haiM :mahopAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara gariNa kSamAkalyAraNa upAdhyAya dvArA dvArA racita racita zrI tapAgacchapaTTAvalI sUtraM kharataragaccha gurvAvalI (1830) dAnasvopajJavRti sahita : sAgara jaina jJAna-bhaNDAra, bIkAnera :30. zrI raviprabhasUri 26. zrI mAnadevasUri 31. zrI yazodevasUri 30. zrI bibudhaprabhasUri 32. zrI pradyumnasUri 31. zrI jayanandasUri 33. zrI mAna devasUri 32. zrI raviprabhasUri 34. zrI vimalacandrasUri 33. zrI yazobhadrasUri 35. zrI udyotanasUri 34. zrI vimalacandrasUri 36. zrI sarvadevasUri 35. zrI devasUri (suvihita prAdyAcArya) 37. zrI devasUri 36. zrI nemicandrasUri llh llh llh l l h llh llh 3. (ka) gacchAcAra paiNNaya vRtti (kha) paMcavastuka TIkA.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] udyotanasUri [ 116 38. zrI sarvadevasUri 36. zrI yazobhadrasUri aura 40. zrI nemicandrasUri 37. zrI udyotanasUri 38. zrI varddhamAnasUri 36. zrI jinezvarasUri ina donoM paTTAvaliyoM meM paraspara bar3A vaibhinya evaM virodha spaSTataH dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM paTTadhara krama saMkhyA 31 aura 32 para ullikhita prAcAryoM ke nAma kharataragaccha paTTAvalI meM kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hote| 33veM paTTadhara mAnadevasUri ko tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM pradyumnasUri kA ziSya tathA vimalacandrasUri kA guru batAyA gayA hai / isake viparIta kharataragaccha paTTAvalI meM inheM 26vAM paTTadhara, zrI samudrasUri kA ziSya aura vibudhaprabhasUri kA guru batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ina donoM paTTAvaliyoM meM isa bhAMti kA ghora antara hai ki ina donoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se aitihAsika tathyoM kI khoja kA prayAsa antatogatvA bAlukA se tela nikAlane tulya nirarthaka hI siddha hogaa| vi0 saM0 1080 meM sambhavataH durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha ke pazcAt zrI jinezvarasUri tathA buddhisAgarasUri ne jAbAlipura (jAlora) nagara meM cAturmAsa kiyaa| usa cAturmAsAvadhi meM jinezvarasUri ne haribhadrASTaka TIkA aura buddhisAgarasUri ne "buddhisAgara vyAkaraNa" kI racanA kii| ina granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM bhI una AcArya dvaya ne varddhamAnasUri ke guru ke rUpa meM na to udyotanasUri kA nAmollekha kiyA hai aura na kisI anya prAcArya kA athavA kharataragaccha kA hii| - isa prakAra navAMgIvRttikAra abhayadevasUri dvArA, bhArata ke vizAla pradeza para zatAbdiyoM se apanA ekAdhipatya sthApita kiye baiThI caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva ko sadA-sadA ke lie samApta kara jinadharma evaM zramaNAcAra ke vizuddha svarUpa ko prakAza meM lAne vAlI eka mahAn krAnti ke sUtradhAra apane praguru ke guru udyotanasUri kA nAmollekha taka na kiye jAne Adi uparivariNata tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM kSIra-nIra vivekapUrNa dRSTi se vicAra karane para yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki varddhamAnasUri ke guru ve udyotanasUri nahIM the jinhoMne ki bar3agaccha kI sthApanA kii| vastutaH varddhamAnasUri ne vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uSaHkAla meM kinhIM ajJAta nAmA aise prAcArya ke pAsa cAritrika evaM Agamika adhyayana kI upasampadA grahaNa kI jo caityavAsI paramparA athavA dravya paramparAoM ke varcasvakAla meM nitAnta upekSita atyadhika gauNa rUpa meM avaziSTa rahI, mUla vizuddha zramaNa paramparA ke ziSya santati vihIna prAcArya the| ina sabala Thosa tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki AnaMda vimalasUri Adi kI bhAMti varddhamAnasUri ne bho kisI AcArya ke pAsa upasampadA grahaNa kiye binA hI kriyoddhAra kiyA ho|
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 "varddhamAnasUri ko caityavAsI paramparA meM siddhAnta zAstroM kA adhyayana karate samaya jaba yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pradarzita kiye gaye vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA caityavAsI sAdhu kiMcitmAtra bhI pAlana nahIM kara rahe haiM, to unhoMne caityavAsI paramparA se nikala kara binA kisI anya prAcArya kA ziSyatva aMgIkAra kiye hI kriyoddhAra kiyA" hamAre isa anumAna kI puSTi Upara ullikhita abhayadevasUri Adi dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye tathyoM ke atirikta unake ( abhayadeva ke ) gurubhrAtA upAdhyAya sumatigariNa ke ziSya guraNacandragariNa dvArA apanI "mahAvIra cariyaM" nAmaka kRti ke nimnalikhita ullekha se bhI hotI hai| :-- 120 ] saguNa rayaNanihI, micchattatamaMdhaloya diraNanA ho / dUrucchAriyavairo, vairasAmI samuppanno || 47 / sAhAi tassa caMde kulammi, nippaDimapasamakulabhavaNaM / si sirI vaddhamANo, muNinAho saMjamanihivva // 48 // balakalikAlatamapasarapUriyAsesavisamasamabhAgo / dIveNaM va mukhINaM payAsi jeraNa muttipaho // 46 // muNivaraNo tassa hara aTTahAsasiyajasapasAhiyAsassa / si duve vara sIsA, jayapayar3A sUrasasiNovva / / 50 / / bhavajala hivI isaMbhaMta, bhaviya saMtAraNatAraNasamattho / bohitthovva mahattho, siri sUri jiNesaro paDhamo / / 51 / / gurusArA dhavalAu suvihiyA ( nimmalA pu0 ) sAhusaMtaIjAyA / himavaMtA gaMgavva niggayA sayalajagapujjA // 52 // anna ya punnimAyaMda, sundaro buddhisAgarosUrI / nimmaviyapavaravAgaraNa- chaMdasattho pasatthamaI / / 53 / / egaMta-vAya vila siraparavAikuraMgabhaMgasIhANaM / siM sIso jiraNacaMdasUrinAma samuppanno // 54 // saMvegaraMgasAlA na kevalaM kavvavirayaraNA jeraNa / bhavvajaNa vimyakarI vihiyA saMjamapavittIvi // 55 // sasamayapara samayannU visuddhasiddhaMtadesaraNAkusalo / sayalama hivalayavitto anno'bhayadevasUriti / / 56 / / jeraNAlaMkAradharA salakkharaNA, varapayA pasannA ya / navvaMga ( siddhata pu0 ) vitirayaNeNa bhAraI kAmiriNavva kayA || 57 / / sithiviNe, samatthasatthatthabohakusalamaI / sUrI pasannacaMdo, caMdo iva jaraNamaraNANaMdo / / 58 / /
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________________ varddhamAnasUri tavvayaNeNaM sirisumaivAyagANaM viNeyaleseNa / gariraNA guraNa caMdeNaM raiyaM sirIvIracariyamimaM // 56 // naMdasiharuddasaMkhe (1136) vokkaMte vikkamA kAlammi / jeTThassasuddhataiyAtihimi some samattamimaM // 83 // 1 sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] apanI utkRSTa koTi kI kAvyakRti " mahAvIracariyaM" ke anta meM dI huI prazasti meM guraNacandragaraNa ne Aryavajra ke ziSya vajrasena kI ziSya saMtati se utpanna hue cAra kuloM meM prathama caMdrakula ke AcArya zrI varddhamAnasUri kA pragAr3ha zraddhA-niSThAbhaktipUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai / gaNiguNacandra ne varddhamAnasUri kI stuti meM kahA haijisa samaya zrAryadharA para sarvatra ghora kalikAla ke prabhAva se nibir3a ajJAnAndhakAra vyApta ho gayA thA, usa samaya candra kula ke prAcArya vizuddha saMyama ke akSaya-bhaNDAra zrI varddhamAnasUri ne zrAgama jJAna ke pradIpta pradIpa kA prakAza kara mumukSu muniyoM ke liye mukti kA patha prazasta kiyA / . [ 121 una varddhamAnasUri ke sAkSAt sUrya aura candra kI bhAMti sarvavidita do ziSyaratna the / unameM se prathama ziSya the zrI jinezvarasUri jo bhavasAgara kI uttAla taraMgoM kI thaper3oM se prapIr3ita bhavya prANiyoM ko bhavasAgara se ubAra kara zAzvata zivasukhadhAma - mukti meM pahu~cAne vAle mahAn jalapota ke tulya the| jisa bhAMti zailAdhirAja himAlaya parvata se mahAnadI gaMgA prakaTa hotI hai, usI prakAra ina jinezvarasUri se sAdhu saMtati punaH nirmala athavA suvihita rUpa meM pravartitapravAhita huI / jinezvarasUri ke pazcAt mahAvIra cariyaM ke racanAkAra guNacandragari ne kramazaH buddhisAgarasUri, "saMvegaraMga zAlA" nAmaka grantha ratna ke nirmAtA jinacandrasUri, navAMgIvRtikAra abhayadevasUri, unake vidyAziSya prasannacandrasUri, sumatigariNa ( guNacandragara ke guru ) kA sAdara smaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki sumativAcaka ( upAdhyAya) ke ziSya guNacandra ne prasannacandrasUri ke AgrahapUrNa nirdeza se vikrama saMvat 1136 (abhayadevasUri ke svargavAsa hone ke saMvat ) 2 meM mahAvIra cariyaM kA praNayana pUrNa kiyA / Upara uddhataprazasti gAthAoM meM Aryavatra evaM candrakula ke smaraNa ke tatkAla pazcAt mahAvIracarayim ke racanAkAra ne bhI apanI zramaNa paramparA ke Adi prAcArya ke rUpa meM varddhamAnasUri kA aura unake paTTa aura paTTadharoM - jinezvara, buddhisAgara, jinadatta, abhayadeva, prasannacandrasUri aura upAdhyAya sumatigariNa ( apane guru ) kA to unake guNagAnapUrvaka smararaNa kiyA hai kintu unhoMne bhI abhayadevasUri kI bhAMti varddha1. mahAvIra cariyaM guNacandragariNa patra, 337, 340, 341 / 2. abhayadevasUri kA svargavAsa eka mAnyatAnusAra vi. saM. 1135 aura dUsarI mAnyatAnusAra vi. saM. 1136 upalabdha hotA hai /
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________________ 122 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 mAnasUri ke guru ke rUpa meM na kahIM udyotanasari athavA anya prAcArya kA athavA apanI paramparA kA nAma kharataragaccha hone kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sAmpradAyika vyAmoha vazAt jaina saMgha meM vyApta durbhAgyapUrNa pArasparika kaTutA ke yuga meM apane virodhiyoM ke kaTu AkSepoM se bacane ke liye varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA meM paTTAvalIkAroM ne udyotanasUri kA nAma varddhamAnasUri ke rUpa meM ullikhita kara diyA / itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki jaba paraspara eka dUsare gaccha kI AlocanAeM kI jAne lagI ki kahAM hai tumhAre gaccha kI avicchinna paramparA, kauna thA tumhAre pUrvAcAryoM kA guru ? koI nahIM, to binA guru ke tumhAre pUrvAcArya dvArA pracalita kI gaI paramparAeM kapolakalpita hI samajhI jAnI cAhiye / usa durbhAgyapUrNa pArasparika vaimanasya ke saMkrAnti kAla meM eka prakAra se yaha paripATI pracalita ho gaI ki zithilAcArI paramparA tathA guru se pRthak ho kriyoddhAra karane vAle sAhasI zramaNottamoM ne apane guru ke rUpa meM unhIM AcAryoM kA nAmollekha kiyA, jinake pAgama viruddha zramaNAcAra se asaMtuSTa ho unakA gaccha chor3akara unhoMne kriyoddhAra kA zaMkhanAda pUrA thaa| abhayadevasUri aura guNacandrAdi isI paramparA ke vidvAn prAcAryoM dvArA varddhamAnasUri ke guru ke rUpa se udyotanasari athavA kisI anya prAcArya kA nAmollekha nahIM kiye jAne se yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki varddhamAnasUri dvArA pracalita kI gaI krAntikArI zramaNa paramparA ke Adi prAcArya ke rUpa meM ziSya saMtati vihIna udyotanasUri kA nAma guNacandragaNi ke uttaravartI lekhakoM-paTTAvalIkAroM ne "kharataragaccha" nAma kI bhAMti hI pIche se jor3A hai| eka prAcIna patra' meM udyotanasari ke una 84 ziSyoM kI nAmAvalI ullikhita hai, jinako udyotanasUri ne AcArya pada pradAna kiye the| una 84 prAcAryoM meM varddhamAnasUri kA nAmollekha nahIM hai / itihAsa premiyoM ke cintana manana hetu katipaya mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika tathyoM para UhApoha yogya sAmagrI se saMyukta usa prAcIna patra kI pratilipi avikala rUpa se yahAM prastuta kI jA rahI hai : zrI coryAsI gacchonI sthApanA zrI mahAvIra prabha pachI 1163 nA varSa mAM ane vikrama saM0 723 mAM (matAntare 1464-664) zrI udyotanasUrijI nA nIce mujaba coryAsI ziSyo thayA 1. abhayadevasUri kA svargavAsa, eka mAnyatAnusAra vi. saM. 1135 aura dUsarI mAnyatAnusAra _ vi. saM. 1136 upalabdha hotA hai / 2. mathurA jAkora prAdi se upalabdha aitihAsika sAmagrI kA bar3A rajisTara saM. 1 prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra caur3A rAstA, jayapura /
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________________ mAnasUri [ 123 (4) zivadevasUri (7) gaje ........ (10) rAjAnaMdasUri ---ri tathA tezro saghalA mahAvidvAna hatA. ane te pro sarvesUri pada ne lAyaka hatA, gurue temane pUchavAthI tee kaha yU ke pramo sarve ne sUripada melavavAnI icchA chai / pachI guru mahArAja te sarva ziSyo sAthe vihAra karatA bhinnamAla nagara nI pAse vaTa gAma nAmanA gAma mAM prAvyA, te gAmanI uttaradizA mAM eka mahAn bar3anU vRkSa hatu, te nIce vizrAma mATe gurumahArAja ziSyo sahita baiThA, tyAre zAsanadevatA tarapha thI eva zrAkAzavAraNI thaI ke jo nahIM sUri padanI sthApanA thaze to tezrono vistAra saikaDoM game zAkhAo thI vRddhi pAmaze te sAMbhalI gurumahArAje potAnA te coryAsI ziSyo ne sUripada prApyA / te coryAsI prAcAryoMnA nAmo nIce mujaba hatAM (1) sarvadevasUri (2) prabhAcaMda sUri (5) jinendrasUri (8) prANaMdasUra ( 11 ) sobhAgya candra sUri (14) prajJAnaMdasUri (17) somAnaMdasUra ( 20 ) sAmaMtasUri (23) devarAjasUri (26) dharmasiMhasUri (26) cAritrasUri (32) vinayasUri (35) pAnadevasUri (38) jogAnaMdasUri ( 41 ) kRSNaprabhasUri (44) nArAyaNasUri (47) devasa.... (50) pAMDusUri (53) khImasUri (56) mathurAsUri (13) sa. (16) saMghANaMdasUra (16) sUri (22) udayarAjasUri (25) prabhasUri ( 28 ) se tilakasUri (31) nRsiMhasUri (34) vallabhasUri (37) rAjadevasUri (40) somaprabhasUri (43) padmANaMdasUri (46) bhAva devasUri ( 41 ) nAgarAjasUri (52) DoDasUri (55) sovIrasUri (58) jinasiMhasUri (61) zIladevasUri (64) prazANaMdasUri (67) prabhAsena sUri ( 70 ) brahmasUri (73) kasUri (76) sAriMgasUri ( 76 ) gokarNa sUri (82) bAhaTasUri sAmAnya zrutadhara kaoNla khaNDa 2 1 (56) vIrasUri (62) zAmbasUra (65) rAmasUri (68) ANaMdarAjasUri (71) ratnarAjasUri (74) meghAradasUri (77) raMgaprabhasUri (80) sahadevasUri (83) lADaNasUri -. (3) hariyAnaMdasUri (6) dayAnaMdasUri (6) dharmANaMdasUri (12) devendrasUri (15) sarvANaMdasUra (18) yakSAyaNasUri (21) zivaprabhasUri (24) gAMgeyasUri (27) saMghasenasUri (30) bhAnu (33) vijayAnaMdasUri (36) mAna...... ( 39 ) bhImarAjasUri (42) na sUri (45) karmacandrasUri (48) illasUri (51) puSkalasUri (54) ya .... (57) maMgalasUri (60) vRdha (63) priyAMgasUri (66) ravi ....... ( 6 ) prajJAprabhasUri (72) bhasUri (75) bhojarAjasUri (78) la sUri (81) bhUtasaMghasUri (14) ************ .. rAjasUri
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________________ 124 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 e rIte coryAsI AcAryoM ne baDanA vRkSa nIce sUripada ApavA thI tezronu bar3agaccha nAma paDyu N / have tyAM thI vihAra karI te mAMnA je prAcArye prathamanu cAturmAsa je gAma mAM kayu te gAma nA nAma thI tezrono gaccha zuru thayo / tezro mAMnA pahelA AcArya zrI sarva (devasUri ) vihArakaratA thakAM gujarAta nAM baDiyAra deza mAM AvelAM zaMkhezvara gAma mAM prAvI cAturmAsa raha yA ane temanA gacchanUM zaMkhezvara gacchanAma paDyu' te gAma mAM solaMkI vaMzano sAMkhyakumAra nAme kSatriya temano ziSya thayo tathA keTaleka kAle te vidvAn thavAM thI AcArya zrIe vi. saM. 745 ( matAntara vi. saM. 1016) mAMhi sUripada zaMkhezvara gAma mAMja ariNane Apyu tenUM bIjUM nAma padmadevasUri rAkhyaM / tenI mAMhe vikrama saM. 772 ( matAntara vi. saM. 1043) ubhayaprabhasUri thayA / " 1 1 sva. paM. zrI kalyANa vijaya jI kI DAyarI se prApta isa sAmagrI se zrI pUjyajI ma. ke bIkAnera nagarastha "zrI dAna sAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra" meM upalabdha ( kharataragacchIya) gurvAvalI ke isa ullekha kI puSTi hotI hai ki vikrama kI 10vIM zatAbdI ke udyotanasUri nAmaka grAcArya ne apane pAsa adhyayanArtha Ae hue 84 zikSArthI sAdhuoM ko AAgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna dene ke pazcAt una sabhI ko kramazaH pRthak-pRthak prAcArya pada pradAna kiye| dAna sAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra, kAra kI gurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra udyotanasUri AgamoM ke pAradarzI vidvAn, vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke paripAlaka, parama kriyAniSTha kintu ziSya saMtativihIna zramaNa zreSTha the / jina 84 sAdhuyoM ko unhoMne prAcArya pada pradAna kiye, unameM se 8 3 sAdhu to vibhinna 83 zramaraNasamUhoM ke sAdhu the, jinheM unake sthaviroM ne udyotanasUri ke pAsa vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA samIcIna bodha evaM AgamoM kA gahana jJAna prApta karane ke uddezya se bhejA thaa| paM. zrI kalyAraNa vijaya jI ma. ke bhaNDAra se prApta ukta patra ko dRSTigata rakhate hue Upara uddhata zrI dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra, bIkAnera kI ukta paTTAvalI ke udyotanasUri viSayaka ullekha para vicAra karane se aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vi. saM. 664 meM sarvadevasUri ko vaTavRkSa ke nIce prAcArya pada pradAna karane vAle udyotanasUri aura varddhamAnasUri ko tathA 83 zramaNa samudAyoM ke 83 sthaviroM ke 83 ziSyoM ko AcArya pada pradAna karane vAle udyotanasUri samAna nAma vAle do bhinna-bhinna AcArya the / isa anumAna kI puSTi paM. kalyANa vijaya jI ma. sA. kI DAyarI ke zrI udyotanasUri saMbaMdhI ullekha se hotI hai, jisameM ki udyotanasUri kA sattAkAla vi. saM. 723 aura vi. saM. 664 do prakAra kA diyA gayA hai / bhinna-bhinna samaya meM hue samAna nAma vAle do AcAryoM kA sattAkAla eka dUsare se bhinna hote hue bhI vastuta: udyotanasUri nAmaka eka hI 1. prasiddha jaina itihAsa vettA sva. paM. zrI kalyANa vijaya jI ma. sA. ke jAlora jJAna bhaNDAra meM vidyamAna unakI DAyarI saM. 11 ke pRSTha 164........kI pratilipi /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 125 prAcArya mAnane kI bhrAnti saMbhavataH vigata katipaya zatAbdiyoM se hI calI pA rahI hai| zrI dAna sAgara graMtha bhaNDAra se upalabdha gurvAvalI meM jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki 83 vibhinna sAdhu samudAyoM ke sthaviroM ne apane-apane samudAya se ekaeka medhAvI muni ko udyotanasUri nAmaka caritraniSTha zramaNazreSTha ke pAsa zAstroM ke adhyayana hetu bhejA aura adhyayana ke pUrNa hone para una 83 vidvAn sAdhuoM ko udyotanasUri ne prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA, yaha ullekha vastutaH sabhI dRSTikoNoM se vicAra karane para buddhigamya athavA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| vIra nirvANa se lekara vartamAna kAla taka ke jaina itihAsa para gaMbhIratApUrvaka dRSTinipAta karane para sUrya ke samAna yaha tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki vigata DhAI hajAra varSa jaisI sudIrghAvadhi meM eka hI gaccha meM eka samaya meM 84 AcArya banAne kI isake atirikta anya kisI ghaTanA kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA, eka ora to tatkAlIna jaina vAGmaya meM sthAna-sthAna para isa prakAra ke ullekha bhare par3e haiM ki vIra nirvANa 1000 varSa se uttaravartI kAla meM vizeSataH vIra nirvANa saM. 1550 taka aura sAmAnyataH vIranirvANa kI 20vIM zatAbdI taka bhAratavarSa ke aneka vizAla pradezoM meM caityavAsI paramparA aura isI prakAra kI dravya paramparAoM kA (zithilAcArI paramparAoM kA ) prabhutva athavA varcasva rahane ke kAraNa AgamAnusAriNI nigraMtha suvihita zramaNa paramparA viralaprAyA hI avaziSTa raha gaI thii| sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara prabhu mahAvIra dvArA praNIta evaM gaNadharoM dvArA grathita nirgrantha pravacanoM ko andhakArapUrNa gahare gaha varoM meM baMda kara una para tAle lagA diye gaye the| isake viparIta dUsarI ora isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai ki udyotanasUri ne vi. saM. 664 (vI. ni. saM. 1464) meM apane gaccha, meM eka nahIM do nahIM 84 prAcArya padoM kA nirmANa kara apane 84 ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA, isa para koI bhI vijJa vicAraka aAMkheM mUMda kara aMdhavizvAsa nahIM kara sktaa| eka hI gaccha meM 83 athavA 84 prAcAryoM kI sthApanA usI dazA meM kI jAnI nyAya-saMgata athavA ucita mAnI jA sakatI hai, jabaki usa gaccha meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA 84,000 yA 8,400 ho / caityavAsiyoM kA varcasvakAla vastutaH suvihita zramaNa paramparA ke lie ghora saMkaTakAla thA aura saMkrAnti kAla meM suvihita zramaNa paramparA ke sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA virala, nagaNya athavA aMguliyoM ke pauroM para ginane yogya bhI nahIM raha gaI thI, isa prakAra kA udghoSa tatkAlIna jaina sAhitya DiNDima ghoSa ke sAtha kara rahA hai / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM ina sabhI tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM niSpakSa dRSTi se vicAra karane para bIkAnera ke dAnasAgara jJAna bhaNDAra kI gurvAvalI ke Upara uddha ta kiye gaye gadyAMza meM satya kI thor3I sI jhalaka dRSTigocara hotI hai ki nirgrantha pravacana (garimapiTaka) ke apane samaya ke apratima vidvAn suvihita zramaNa paramparA ke kriyApAtra kintu ziSya santati vihIna zramaNa zreSTha udyotanasUri nAmaka prAcArya ke pAsa
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________________ 126 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -bhAga 4 kriyoddhAraka varddhamAnasUri aura anyAnya 83 sAdhu samUhoM ke sthaviroM dvArA AgamoM ke adhyayana evaM AgamAnusArI zramaNAcAra ke vAstavika svarUpa kA bodha prApta karane ke lie bheje gaye 83 medhAvI ziSyoM ne una ziSya saMtati vihIna udyotanasUri ke pAsa prAgamika zramaNAcAra aura AgamoM kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| rAtri meM graha nakSatroM kI gati ko dekha kara udyotanasUri ne una 83 zikSArthI ziSyoM ko usa samaya ke atIva zubha muhUrta evaM unake phala para prakAza DAlate hue batAyA ki yadi isa zubha velA meM kisI ke mastaka para hAtha rakha kara yadi use prAcArya pada pradAna kara diyA jAya to vaha bhaviSya meM vipula prasiddhi prApta karane vAlA hotA hai| vibhinna 83 zramaNa samUhoM ke sthaviroM ke ziSyoM kI prArthanA para udyotanasUri ne apane una 83 zikSArthI ziSyoM ke sira para kramazaH apanA hAtha rakhate hue aupacArika rUpa se unheM prAcArya pada pradAna kara diye| pramANAbhAva meM sunizcita rUpa se to kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu isa ullekha para gambhIratA se vicAra karane para yaha anumAna avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa gurvAvalI meM "azItizca ime anyadIyA" isa pada meM variNata una 63 ziSyoM meM se katipaya dravya paramparAoM ke, katipaya caityavAsI paramparA ke gacchoM aura sambhavataH eka do aura nAmamAtrAvaziSTa suvihita paramparA ke sAdhu the| _hamAre isa anumAna kI puSTi bar3agaccha ke saMsthApaka udyotanasUri ke paTTadharoM se prArambha huI paramparAoM kI paTTAvaliyoM se bhI hotI hai| udyotanasUri ke anya sAta paTTadharoM se jo sAta paramparAeM jaina saMgha meM pracalita huIM, ve isa prakAra haiM : pahalI paramparA 1. udyotanasUri AcArya sarvadevasUri __ prAcArya devasUri __ prAcArya sarva devasUri AcArya nemicandra 6. prAcArya municandra prAcArya ajitadeva __ prAcArya vAdideva vi0 saM0 0664 1020 1110 1126 1136 1178 1226 dUsarI parama 1. prAcArya udyotanasUri 2. prAcArya sarvadevasUri
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 127 or 3. AcArya jinacandrasUri 4. prAcArya Amradeva 5. prAcArya nemicandra 6. prAcArya yazodeva tIsarI paramparA 1. AcArya udyotanasuri 2. AcArya pradyumnasUri 3. AcArya ajitadevasUri (abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAMgasUtra vRtti kI prazasti meM ApakA nAma ajitasiMhasUri likhA hai|) 4. prAcArya yazodevagaNi (25 aMgoM kI vRttiyoM ke nirmANa meM Apane abhayadeva sUri ko sahayoga diyA / ) cauthI paramparA 1. AcArya udyotanasUri 2. prAcArya mAnadevasUri 3. prAcArya jinadevagaNi 4. AcArya haribhadrasUri (Apane vi0 saM0 1172 se 1185 taka kramazaH bandha svAmitva SaDazItikarma grantha vRtti, munipati caritra (prAkRta), zreyAMsa caritra, umAsvAti ke prazamarati nAmaka grantha kI vRtti aura kSetra samAsa kI vRtti kI racanA kii| pAMcavIM paramparA 1. AcArya udyotanasUri 2. muni candrasUri 3. AcArya ajitadevasUri Adi / 1. vanavAsI udyotanasUrI ke sambandha meM "dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra kI gurvAvalI meM ullekha haiM ki apane 84 zikSArthI ziSyoM ko vibhinna 84 gacchoM ke prAcArya padoM para prAsIna karane ke pazcAt tatkAla hI AlocanA saMlekhanApUrvaka anazana kiyA aura ve katipaya hI dinoM ke saMthAre ke sAtha svargastha hue kintu isa paTTAvalI se aisA prAbhAsa hotA hai ki vi saM. 994 se katipaya varSoM pazcAt vi. saM. 1020 taka udyotanasUri vidyamAna rahe aura vi. saM. 1020 se 1110 taka 60 varSa taka unake ziSya sarvadevasUri aura praziSyadevasUri kA AcAryakAla rahA / -sampAdaka
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________________ 128 ] ' [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 chaThI paramparA 1. prAcArya udyotanasUri 2. AcArya pradyotanasUri 3. AcArya indradevasUri Adi sAtavIM paramparA 1. prAcArya udyotanasUri 2. prAcArya sarvadevasUri 3. prAcArya devasUri 4. prAcArya sarvadevasUri 5. prAcArya jayasiMhasUri 6. AcArya candraprabhasUri 7. AcArya dharmaghoSasUri 8. AcArya zIlaguNasUri 6. prAcArya mAnatugasUri 10. prAcArya malayaprabha, Adi AcArya udyotanasUri ke ziSya praziSyoM dvArA prArambha kI gaI ina sAta paramparAoM kI paTTAvaliyoM aura bIkAnera ke dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra kI uparicacita gurvAvalI meM ullekhita udyotanasUri sambandhI tathyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana .. se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki yazasvI kharataragaccha ke pUrva puruSa varddhamAnasUri ke guru vanavAsI udyotanasUri vastutaH bar3agaccha ke saMsthApaka udyotanasUri se bhinna prAcArya the|
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________________ vIra nirvAraNa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa arthAt hArilasUri ke yuga pradhAnAcArya pada para AsIna hone ke anumAnataH DhAI dazaka vyatIta ho jAne ke pazcAt se lekara vIra nirvANa kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga AThaveM athavA navameM dazaka ke anta taka ke kAla ko jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM moTe rUpa se caityavAsI paramparA ke caramotkarSa kAla kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / 1 varddhamAnasUri (caityavAsI paramparA ke hrAsa kA prArambha ) araNyacArI udyotanasUri ke sambandha meM jo bhI yatkicit sAmagrI jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha hotI hai, usase sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki uttarI bhArata meM sampUrNa gurjara prAnta se lekara isake cAroM ora ke dUravartI pradezoM taka caityavAsI paramparA kA varcasva vidyamAna thA / suvihita paramparA ke sAdhu prati svalpa saMkhyA meM avaziSTa raha gae the, aura jo bhI the ve sudUrastha pradezoM meM saMbhavata: loka dRSTi meM eka prakAra se upekSita dazA meM vicaraNa kara rahe the / yahI kAraNa thA ki prabhohara' ke caityavAsI AcArya jinacandra ke ziSya varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsa kA parityAga kara sadAcAra sampanna suvihita paramparA ke kisI vidvAn prAcArya athavA sAdhu ke pAsa adhyayanArtha upa sampadA graharaNa karane kA vicAra kiyA to unheM cAroM ora dRSTi daur3Ane para bhI prAsa-pAsa meM suvihita paramparA kA aisA vidvAn zramaNa dRSTigocara nahIM huA / khoja karane para unheM dillI kSetra ke Asa-pAsa vicaraNa karate hue araNyacArI udyotanasUri ke sambandha meM samAcAra mile / varddhamAnasUri ko unake guru ne suri pada pradAna kara caityavAsI paramparA meM hI rahane ke liye pralobhana bhI diyA kintu varddhamAna AcArya ke antarcakSu unmIlita ho cuke the ataH unhoMne dillI ke AsapAsa ke kSetroM meM vicaraNa kara rahe vanavAsI prAcArya udyotanasUri ke pAsa upa 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ( pRSTha 1) meM "prabhohara deze jinacandrAcAryA .... 'Asan / teSAM varddhamAna nAmA ziSyaH / " isa prakAra ke ullekha se inheM abhohara deza kA batAyA hai / prabhAvaka caritra meM varddhamAnasUri ko sapAdalakSa pradeza ke kUrcapura ke 84 catyoM ke mAThapatya kA tyAgI batAyA hai / 1 dekho prabhAvaka caritra pRSTha 162, zloka saMkhyA 31-34
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________________ 130 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sampadA grahaNa kara zAstroM ke adhyayana se suvihita saMvigna paramparA ke prasAra kA prayAsa prArambha kiyaa| prathama kriyoddhAra agahillapurapattana meM, kharataragaccha bRhad gurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra 1 svayaM varddhamAna sUri ne jinezvara prabhRti apane 17 ziSyoM sahita durlabha rAja kI sabhA meM jAkara sUrAcArya Adi caurAsI caityavAsI prAcAryoM ko parAjita kiyA aura "vRddhAcArya prabandhAvalI" ke jinezvara sUri prabandha ke ullekhAnusAra2 varddhamAnasUri ke svargastha hone ke uparAnta apane guru kI antima icchAnusAra ahillapura ke mahArAjA durlabharAya kI sabhA meM vi. saM. 1024 (dUsarI mAnyatA 1080) meM caityavAsiyoM ke 84 gacchoM ke bhaTTArakoM (prAcAryoM) ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara caityavAsiyoM ke zatAbdiyoM se kendra ke rUpa meM cale A rahe sudRr3ha gar3ha ko tor3a diyaa| suvihita zramaNa paramparA meM saMvigna AmnAya ke prAcArya varddhamAnasUri athavA unake ziSya jinezvara sUri kI caityavAsiyoM para isa vijaya ke anantara zanaiH zanaiH caityavAsI paramparA kA nirantara hrAsa hotA hI gyaa| varddhamAnasUri ne kisa prakAra kriyoddhAra kara caityavAsiyoM ko parAjita kiyA aura inake ziSya praziSya kisa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA ke unmUlana evaM suvihita paramparA ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye prayAsa karate rahe, isa para pichale prakaraNoM meM vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai, ataH yahAM usake punarullekhana athavA piSTapeSaraNa kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| 1. gurubhi (varddhamAna sUribhiH) bhariNatam"evaM paNDita jinezvara uttara pratyuttaraM yadbhaNiSyati tadasmAkaM sammatameva / ' -kharataragaccha bRhad gurvAvalI, pRSTha 3 2. guruNA juggaM jANiUraNa niyapaTTe Thavipro / jiNesara sUri ii nAmaM kayaM / pacchA vaddhamAraNa sUri asaNaM kAUNa deva logaM ptto| to jiNesarasUri gaccha-nAyago viharamANo vasuhaM aNahillapurapaTTaNe gyo| tattha culasI gacchavAsigobhaTTAragA davaliMgiNo maDhavaigo ceiyavAsiNo pAsai / pAsittA jiNa sAsaNunnaikae siri dullaharAya sabhAe vAyaM kayaM / dasa saya cauvIse vacchare te pAyariyA macchariNo hAriyA / jiNesara sUriNA jiyaM . -vahI, pR. 60
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 [ 131 varddhamAnasUri dvArA kiye gaye isa kriyoddhAra kA eka bahuta bar3A aitihAsika mahattva hai / isa kriyoddhAra kI aitihAsika ghaTanA ke uttarakAlIna jaina itihAsa ke vihaMgamAvalokana se spaSTataH yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki na kevala sAdhu-sAdhvI varga meM hI apitu janamAnasa meM bhI jaina dharma ke zuddha svarUpa ko samajhane kI prabala jijJAsA taraMgita ho uThI thI / varddhamAnasUri dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra kA sukhada pariNAma yaha huA ki jaba-jaba bhI jaina saMgha meM dharma ke nAma para bAhyADambara kA prabhAva bar3hA taba-taba AtmArthI santoM ne use sahI rAha para lAne kA prayatna kiyA / janamAnasa meM dharma ke zuddha svarUpa ke prati anurAga utpanna huA usI kA yaha pariNAma thA ki vIra nirvANa kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM varddhamAnasUri dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra ke pazcAt kriyoddhAroM kI eka prakAra se zrRMkhalA sI bana gaI / vIra nirvANa kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara paccIsavIM zatAbdI taka hue adhikAMza gacchoM kI utpatti ke pIche kisI na kisI rUpa meM kriyoddhAra kA hI itihAsa chipA huA hai / bar3e se lekara choTe se choTe matabheda ko AdhAra banAkara aneka gacchoM kI utpatti huI hai, kintu dhyAna se dekhA jAya to vaha matabheda bhI kisI na kisI kriyA vizeSa yA mAnyatA ko lekara hI huA, aisA pratIta hogA / eka manovaijJAnika tathya ina kriyoddhAroM meM yaha dekhane meM AyA ki jina sAhasI mahApuruSoM ne aneka kaSTa uThAkara jo kriyoddhAra kiye, kAlAntara meM unhIM ke ziSya - praziSya punaH zithilAcArI bana gaye / jaise inhIM varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA kAlAntara meM yatiyoM jaisI bana gaI / yatiyoM meM aura inameM koI antara nahIM raha gayA / isa sambandha meM vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI meM saMskRta bhASA meM banAI gaI kharataragaccha paTTAvalI kA nimnalikhita gadya isa gaccha ke AcArya aura anya gacchoM ke zramaraNoM ke zramaraNa jIvana kI sthiti kA digdarzana karAtA hai : 1. phAlguna sudi 2 dine sarva tapAgacchIyAdi prAcArya sAdhUnupatyakAyAM saMrodhya zrI jina mahendra sUrayaH sarva saMghapatibhiH sArddhaM zrI mUlanAyaka jinagRhAgrato gatvA vidhinA sarveSAM kaNTheSu saMghamAlAH sthApitAH, anya gacchIyAcAryANAM kauzikAnAmiva manobhilASaM manasyeva sthitaM, kharatara - gacchezvara-sUryodayateja prakaratvAttadanuttIrya gItagAna turyavAdyamAnagajAzvazivikendradhvajAdimahardhyA pAdalipta pure jinagRhe darzanaM vidhAya tapAgacchAcAryasthitopAzrayAgrato bhUtvA saMghavAse'yAsiSu, bhUyo'pi tatrastha caturazItigacchIya dvAdazazatasAdhuvargebhyo mahAvastra - rUpyamudrAyugmaM pratyekaM pradattAni, tadavasare zrImat pUjyairbahudravyavyayaM kRtam, tat sambandhaH pUrvavat punaH / 1 paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha ( paMnyAsa zrI kalyANa vijaya jI ) pRSTha 374- 376
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________________ 132 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 arthAt sArAMza yaha hai ki tapA Adi sabhI gacchoM ke prAcAryoM tathA sAdhuoM ko mandira se nIce hI roka kara zrI jinamahendrasUri ne saba saMghapatiyoM ke sAtha mUlanAyaka ke mandira ke samakSa jAkara vidhipUrvaka una saMghapatiyoM ke kaNThoM meM mAlAeM phnaaiiN| anya saMghoM ke prAcAryoM ke mana kI abhilASAeM ThIka usI bhAMti mana meM hI raha gaIM, jisa prakAra ki sUrya ko kabhI udita na hone dene kI ullU kI manokAmanA anAdi kAla se usake mana meM hI rahatI AI hai / yaha kharataragaccha ke sUrya tulya jina mahendrasUri ke udaya teja kA hI pratApa thA ki anya saba gacchoM ke prAcAryoM aura sAdhuoM tathA unake anuyAyiyoM ke virodha ke uparAnta bhI kharataragaccha ke AcArya jina mahendrasUri ne dAdAjI kI mUrti ke samakSa hI saMghapatiyoM ko apane svayaM ke hAtha se hI mAlAeM pahanA diiN| saMghapati ne apane guru zrI jina mahendrasUri ko unake samagra sAdhu samUha ke sAtha apane ghara para bulAkara svarNa mudrAoM se unakI navAMga pUjA kI aura unheM (apane guru zrI jina mahendrasUri ko 10,000/- rupayA aura eka sundara pAlakI samasta saMgha ke samakSa bheMTa kI / saMghAdhyakSa ne sabhI gacchoM ke sAdhuoM, vAcakoM evaM pAThakoM ko raupya mudrAeM, svarNa mudrAeM aura sabhI vastra bheMTa kiye| svayaM zrI jina mahendrasUri (kharataragaccha ke AcArya) ne bhI caurAsI gacchoM ke prAcAryoM aura bAraha sau sAdhuoM ko do-do cAMdI ke sikke aura mahAvastra bheMTa kiye / isa avasara para guru zrI jina mahendrasUri ne bahuta bar3I dhanarAzi kharca kii|" isase spaSTarUpeNa prakaTa hotA hai ki 19vIM zatAbdI ke prAcAryoM aura sAdhu jIvana kA kyA rUpa thaa| kitanA antara A gayA thA mahAn kriyoddhAraka varddhamAnasUri dvArA punaH pratiSThita kiye gaye zramaNa jIvana meM aura unake uttaravartI paTTadhara prAcAryoM ke zramaNa jIvana meM ? kintu isa prakAra kI sthiti sadA nahIM rhii| zuddha zramaNa jIvana kA jo patha varddhamAnasUri ne jaina jagat ko dikhA diyA thA, na kevala kharataragaccha ke hI apitu aneka gacchoM ke AtmArthI prAcAryoM aura mokSa mArga ke sacce pathika zramaNoM ne use nahIM bhUlane-bhulAne diyaa| ve samaya-samaya para sabako sAvadhAna karate hI rhe| zramaNoM ne hI nahIM, balki kaI gRhastha zramaNopAsakoM ne bhI logoM ko samaya-samaya para sAvadhAna kiyA, isa bAta kA itihAsa sAkSI hai| pratyeka vijJa ke antarmana meM isa prakAra kI jijJAsA kA utpanna honA sahaja svAbhAvika hI hai ki mahApuruSoM dvArA kriyoddhAra yA dharma jAgaraNa ke mAdhyama se sarvajJa praNIta AgamoM ke ullekhAnusAra dhArmika kriyAoM kA prazasta patha pradarzita
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 133 kara diye jAne ke uparAnta bhI punaH punaH kriyoddhAroM kI, AvazyakatA kyoM huI ? isa prazna kA sIdhA sA uttara hai ki prAdhyAtma-sAdhanA kaSTa sAdhya hai aura dravya sAdhanA susAdhya hai| adhyAtma sAdhanA antaHkaraNa meM alaukika prakAza prakaTa karane vAlI hai aura dravya sAdhya bhautika sAdhanA tatkAla sammAna, pratiSThA, yaza Adi lokeSaNAoM kI pUraka hone ke kAraNa sadyaH phala pradAyinI / adhyAtma sAdhanA kA patha vikaTa, bIhar3a aura nIrasa hai, jabaki bhautika sAdhanA kA patha dhUma dhar3Ake se mukharita, lokasaMkula evaM kalarava kallola kutUhala se paripUrNa hai| yahI pramukha kAraNa thA ki lokapravAha, dravya sAdhanA kI sUtradhAra dravya paramparAoM kI ora umar3a pdd'taa| varddhamAnasUri se pUrva bhI samaya-samaya para kriyA nirdhAraNa ke mAdhyama se caturvidha saMgha ko zAstra sammatavizuddha dharma patha para pArUr3ha karane ke prayAsa mahApuruSoM dvArA kiye gaye the, inake ullekha jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha hote haiM / kintu varddhamAnasUri dvArA prArambha kiyA gayA kriyoddhAra kA abhiyAna bar3e aitihAsika mahatva kA thaa| varddhamAnasUri aura unake jinezvarasUri Adi ziSyoM ke dvArA kevala AgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnya kiye jAne kA kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| rAjapiNDa ko nitAnta agrAhya mAna kara unhoMne apahillapattana meM madhukarI ke mAdhyama se 42 doSa TAla kara eSaNIya AhAra grahaNa kiyaa| ve nirdoSa vasati meM rhe| paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra unake zramaNa jIvana meM ADambara athavA parigraha ke lie avakAza taka nahIM thaa| kintu inake uttaravartI kAla meM inhIM ke paTTadharoM kI zramaNa caryA zuddha, nirdoSa evaM unakI zramaNa caryA ke anurUpa nahIM rhii| jaina itihAsa ke labdha pratiSTha vidvAn sva. paMnyAsa zrI kalyANa vijaya jI mahArAja ne--"kharataragacchIyA hastalikhita paTTAvalI" meM "durlabharAja dvArA jinezvarasUri ko kharatara viruda diyA gayA"-isa ullekha kA khaNDana karate hue tAmrapatroM aura zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para taiyAra kI gaI aNahillapurapattana ke solaMkI (cAlukya) rAjAoM kI kAla nirdeza ke sAtha-sAtha eka vaMzAvalI dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : (1) mUlarAja, I. 942-667, vi0 saM0 666-1054 (2) cAmuNDa I. 667-1010 (3) vallabhasena I. 1010-10 (4) durlabhasena I. 10101022 vi0 saM0 1067-1076 (5) bhImadeva (prathama) 1022-1072, vi0 saM0 1076-1126 (6) karaNa I. 1072-1064, 1126-1151 (7) siddharAja I. 1064-1143 (8) kumAra pAla I. 1143-1174 (8) ajayapAla I. 1174-1177 (10) mUlarAja (dvitIya) I. 1177-1179 (11) bhImadeva (dvitIya) I. 1176-1241 (12) tribhuvanapAla I. 1241-1241.
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________________ 134 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sva. zrI kalyANa vijayajI mahArAja ne pATaNa meM varddhamAnasUri athavA jinezvara sUri se pATaNa kI rAja sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM kI parAjita hone kI ghaTanA ko aitihAsika ghaTanA svIkAra karate hue bhI paTTAvalI kAra dvArA vi0 saM0 1080 meM isa ghaTanA ke ghaTita hone ke ullekha ko avizvasanIya ThaharAte hue likhA hai ki durlabhasena kA kAla uparilikhita cAlukya rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra I. saM.. 1010-1022 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 1067 se vi0 saM0 1076 taka hI rhaa| tadanusAra vi0 saM0 1080 meM durlabhasena kI sabhA meM jinezvara sUri kA caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki saMvat ke ullekha meM truTi huI hai / jinezvara sUri prabandha meM ullikhita dasasaya cauvIse (1) vacchare te pAyariyA maccharigo hAriyA / jiNesara sUriNA jiyaM ina vAkyoM se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki saMvat ke sambandha meM isa prabandha ke racanAkAra aura paTTAvalI kAroM ke mana meM zaMkA rahI svayaM paM. zrI kalyANa vijaya jI ma. ke dhyAna meM yaha bAta thI / unhoMne paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha ke pRSTha 168 aura 166 para do bAra vi.saM. 1024 kA "varddhamAna sUri prabandha" ke AdhAra para ullekha kiyA / isI grantha ke pRSTha 347 para Apane "kharagacchIyA hastalikhita paTTAvalI" kI isa mAnyatA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki vi.saM. 1080 meM durlabha rAja kI sabhA meM jinezvara sUri ne caityavAsiyoM ko parAjita kiyaa| ina saba ullekhoM para vicAra karane se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki isa aitihAsika mahatva kI ghaTanA ke ullekha meM kahIM koI truTi raha sakatI hai / kintu vaha truTi nagaNya hai| vikrama saMvat ko I. saMvat meM badalane para adhika mAsa Adi kI gaNanA ke kAraNa vi.saM. 1080 kA I. san 1022-23 honA caahie| saMbhava hai vi.saM. 1076 ke avasAna kAla meM durlabhasena kI sabhA meM zAstrArtha huA ho aura paTTAvalI lekhaka ne 1076 ke sthAna para 1080 likha diyA ho| vastutaH dekhA jAya to yaha koI aisI bar3I truTi nahIM hai ki jisake AdhAra para aitihAsika ghaTanA ko hI vivAdAspada mAna liyA jAya / zilAlekhoM aura tAmrapatroM ke AdhAra para kAla krama nirdhArita karane meM to prAyaH varSa do varSa kA antara raha jAnA saMbhava hai / aNahillapura paTTaNa meM durlabharAja kI rAjya sabhA meM jinezvarasUri ne caityavAsiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara gujarAta meM punaH vasativAsa kI sthApanA kI. isa ghaTanA kI aitihAsikatA aura prAmANikatA siddha karane vAlA sarvAdhika prabala pramANa hai jinezvara sUri ke paTTa ziSya jinacandra sUri dvArA isa ghaTanA ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt praNIta garagadhara sArddhazataka kAetadviSayaka ullekha /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 135 prAcArya jinacandra sUri ne "gaNadhara sArddhazataka" nAmaka kRti meM caityavAsiyoM ke parAjaya kI ghaTanA kA isa prakAra varNana kiyA hai : aNahillavADae nADaivva daMsiya supattasaMdohe / paurapae bahukavidUsageye nAyagANugae // 65 // saDDhiya dullaha rAye, sarassai aMkovasohie suhe| majjhe rAyasaha, pavisiuraNa loyAgamANumayaM / / 66 / / nAmAyariehiM samaM, kariya viyAraM viyArarahiehiM / vasahi nivAso sAhUNaM ThAviyo ThAvipro appA // 67 / / zrI varddhamAnasUri vikrama saM. 1080 tadnusAra vIra ni. saM. 1550 ke prAsa-pAsa pAbU parvata para samAdhi pUrvaka svargastha hue| varddhamAnasUri ne apane jIvanakAla meM hI apane paTTa ziSya jinezvarasUri ko apanA paTTadhara ghoSita kara prAcArya pada pradAna kara jinezvarasUri ke laghubhrAtA muni vuddhi sAgara ko bhI prAcArya pada pradAna kara diyA /
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________________ jinezvarasUri varddhamAnasUri ke pazcAt saMvigna paramparA ke prAcArya jinezvarasUri hue| varddhamAnasUri ne inheM apane jIvana kAla meM hI prAcArya pada pradAna kara apanA paTTadhara banA diyA thA / inake bhrAtA buddhi sAgara ko bhI varddhamAnasUri ne AcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| ina bhrAtRdvaya prAcAryoM kA jIvana paricaya 'prabhAvaka caritra' ke anusAra isa prakAra hai : dhArA nagarI meM lakSmI pati nAmaka yathA nAma tathA guNa sampanna prati samaddha zreSThI rahatA thaa| zreSThI lakSmIpati bar3A hI dharmaniSTha evaM udAramanA thA / vaha svabhAva se hI paropakAra parAyaNa thaa| / usa samaya madhya-pradeza ke kisI grAma meM rahane vAle kRSNa nAmaka eka brAhmaNa ke zrIpati aura zrIdhara nAmaka do putra veda-vedAMga evaM aneka vidyAoM meM pArINatA prApta karane ke pazcAt deza-darzana hetu apane ghara se prasthita hue / aneka sthAnoM para ghUmate hue ve donoM bhAI dhArA nagarI phuNce| zreSThivara lakSmIpati kI dAnazIlatA evaM paropakAraparAyaNatA kI khyAti sunakara ve bhikSArtha usake ghara gaye / zreSTha ne unheM bar3e prema se bhikSA aura yathepsita vastra-pAtrAdi pradAna kiye| una donoM brAhmaNa kumAroM ne kucha dina dhArA nagarI meM Thaharane kA vicAra kiyaa| ve pratidina lakSmIpati ke ghara bhikSArtha pAte aura unheM lakSmIpati pracura mAtrA meM yathepsita bhikSA pradAna karatA / lakSmIpati ke ghara meM baiThaka ke pAsa hI eka ativizAla prAcIna zilAlekha uTaiMkita thaa| vaha zilAlekha bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa thaa| usameM dharma, zreSThi ke pUrvajoM, unake dvArA kiye gaye ullekhanIya kAryoM Adi ke sambandha meM tithi, vAra, varSa Adi ullekhoM ke sAtha bar3e hI mahattva ke vivaraNa uTaMkita the| zrIpati aura zrIdhara donoM bhAiyoM kI dRSTi usa zilAlekha para pdd'ii| una donoM bhAiyoM ne usa zilAlekha ko anta taka par3hA / vaha abhilekha unheM bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa aura rucikara lgaa| ve donoM bhAI pratidina bhikSArtha jaba zreSThI ke ghara Ate to ekAgracitta ho bar3I lagana ke sAtha usa zilAlekha ko par3hate / isa prakAra una donoM bhAiyoM ne usa abhilekha kA avagAhana karate hue use aneka bAra pddh'aa| - eka dina zreSThI lakSmIpati ke ghara meM Aga laga gaI aura usakI vipula sampatti ke sAtha vaha prAcIna zilAlekha bhI agni kI pracaNDa jvAlAoM se pratapta
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinezvarasUri [ 137 TUTa-phUTa kara pUrNataH naSTa ho gyaa| zilAlekha ko naSTa huA dekhakara lakSmIpati bar3A duHkhita huaa| dUsare dina zreSThI jisa samaya cintAsAgara meM nimagna baiThA thA, usa samaya zrIpati aura zrIdhara usake ghara para aaye| unheM bhI agni ke tANDava se hue vinAza ko dekhakara bar3A duHkha huA / zrIpati ne usa udAramanA zreSThi ke duHkha meM bhAgI hote hue sAntvanApUrNa zabdoM meM kahA-"zreSThivara ! isa Akasmika agniprakopa se jo ApakI sampatti kI hAni huI hai, usase hameM bhI bar3A duHkha huA hai / saMsAra meM sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha aura jIvana-maraNa kA krama dhUpa aura chAyA ke samAna aparihArya anavarata krama kI bhAMti aTala hai / Apa jaise vijJa evaM dhairyazAlI manasvI ko isa prakAra adhIra nahIM honA cAhiye / bhISaNa se bhISaNatama saMkaTApanna sthiti meM bhI dhairya se vicalita nahIM honA-yahI to dhIra manasviyoM kA prathama lakSaNa hai| sAhasa ke sambala ko samhAliye / Apake jisa sAhasa evaM sUjha-bUjha bhare buddhibala ne Apako dhana kuberopama vaibhava kA svAmI banAyA hai, vahI Apako aba bhI punaH pUrvavat bnaayegaa| gaharI dIrghanizvAsa ke sAtha zreSThI lakSmIpati ke kaNTharava se ye udgAra udbhUta hue-"brahmakumAro ! mujhe anna vastra, bhANDopakaraNAdi sampatti ke naSTa ho jAne kA koI vizeSa duHkha nahIM hai, mujhe sabase bar3A duHkha to isa prAcIna zilAlekha ke pUrNataH dhvasta ho jAne kA hai / sampatti to punaH upAjita kara lI jAyegI parantu yaha mahattvapUrNa prAcIna zilAlekha to aba punaH kisI bhI taraha taiyAra nahIM kiyA jA skegaa|" zreSThI lakSmIpati kI bAta sunate hI donoM bhAiyoM ke mukhamaNDala aAzA evaM umaMgoM se prota-prota utsAha ke teja se uddIpta ho utthe| donoM bhAiyoM ne zreSThi ko Azvasta karate hue sotsAha eka sAtha kahA-"zreSThivara ! yadi Apa isI cintA se cintita haiM, to isI kSaNa nizcinta ho jAiye / hama donoM bhAiyoM ne usa abhilekha ko par3hA to hameM vaha dhArmika, sAmAjika aura vaMza paramparAnugata kauTumbika Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa evaM mananIya pratIta huA / isI kAraNa hama donoM bhAiyoM ne use utkaNThApUrvaka punaH punaH par3hA hai aura vaha sampUrNa zilAlekha hameM akSarazaH kaNThastha ho gayA hai| jisa rUpa meM vaha abhilekha thA, usI rUpa meM usakA punarAlekhana kara hama Apako de deNge|" apUrva Azcarya se avAk banA zreSThI katipaya kSaNoM taka to una donoM brahmakumAroM kI ora apalaka dekhatA hI raha gayA / tadanantara Azvasta ho agAdha zAnti ke sAgara meM susnAta sasmita svara se samasta vAtAvaraNa meM sudhA sI gholate hue zreSThI ne kahA-"dhanya haiM Apa! isa prakAra kI sthiti meM to merA kucha bhI naSTa nahIM huA, saba kucha surakSita hI hai|"
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 zrIpati aura zrIdhara ne atha se iti taka, tithivAra, varSa, nakSatra Adi sahita usa sampUrNa zilAlekha ko patroM para likha kara zreSThI ko samarpita kara diyA / zreSThI ne use par3hA to usake nayana yugala se harSAzru chalaka uThe / usane una patroM ko apane unnata bhAla se lagA vizAla vakSasthala se, hRdaya se cipakA liyA / usake antarmana eka punIta vicAra dhArA udbhUta huI - "yadi isa prakAra ke adbhuta medhAzakti sampanna kizora mere guruvara ArAdhya prAcArya deva ko mila jAyeM to nizcita hai ki jina zAsana eka bAra punaH AryadharA ke kSitija meM sUrya ke samAna daidIpyamAna ho jagatI tala ko adhyAtma jJAna kI alaukika AbhA se prota-prota evaM Alokita kara de / pUrva saMyoga kI bAta thI ki zreSThi ke antarmana meM aMkurita huI bhavya bhAvanA - vallarI zIghra hI phalavatI bhI ho gaI / 138 ] - zreSThI lakSmIpati ne una donoM dvija kizoroM ko bar3e sammAna ke sAtha apane ghara para hI rakha liyA aura unake bhojana - pAna-vastra Adi kI vyavasthA kA samucita prabandha kara diyA / zrIpati aura zrIdhara bhI zreSThI ke ghara meM prAnandapUrvaka rahane lage / una donoM brAhmaNa kizoroM ko zreSThI ke ghara rahate hue thor3e hI dina bIte hoMge ki mahAn kriyoddhAraka prAcArya varddhamAnasUri kA dhArA nagarI meM padArpaNa huA / zreSThI lakSmIpati donoM dvija kumAroM ke sAtha prAcArya zrI ke darzana, namana evaM pravacana zravaraNa ke lie dharmasthAna meM pahuMcA / zreSThI ne zraddhA bhakti pUrvaka AcArya zrI ko vandana - namana kiyA aura vaha unake samakSa baiTha gayA / zrIpati aura zrIdhara ne bhI apane aMjalipuToM ko bhAla se lagA varddhamAnasUri ko praNAma kiyA aura donoM bhAI unake samakSa hAtha jor3a kara baiTha gaye / pUrva janma ke saMskAroM kA hI prabhAva thA ki una donoM dvija kumAroM kA antarhada grAhlAda se prApUrita ho gyaa| ve donoM nirnimeSa dRSTi se sUrivara ke zAntasaumya mukhAravinda kI prora dekhate hue aise pratIta ho rahe the mAno do madhu lolupa bhramara divya pArijAta puSpa pA apanI sudhabudha bhulA ekamAtra usakA madhupAna karane meM nimagna hoM / una donoM dvija kizoroM kI mukhAkRti prAMkhoM kI camaka, aura sAmudrika lakSaNoM se yukta bhavya vyaktitva ko dekhakara varddhamAnasUri ne anubhava kiyA ki ye donoM kizora Atma-vijaya ke sAtha-sAtha para - vijaya karane meM bhI sarvathA samakSa hoMge / varddhamAnasUri kA upadeza suna kara zrIpati aura zrIdhara donoM hI bandhutroM ko dRzyamAna jagat kI kSaraNa bhaMguratA, bhautika bhogopabhogoM kI nissAratA aura adhyAtma sAdhanA kI dRSTi se mAnava janma kI mahattvapUrNa mahanIyatA ke bodha ke sAthasAtha saMsAra se, saMsAra ke samasta kArya-kalApoM se, nAte-riztoM se virakti ho gaI / unhoMne varddhamAnasUri se prArthanA kI ki ve una donoM bhAiyoM ko zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSita kara sadA ke lie apane caraNoM kI za pradAna kareM /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] . jinezvarasUri [ 136 varddhamAnasUri ne, prabhAvaka caritra ke anusAra zreSThI lakSmIpati kI anujJAprArthanA para zrIpati aura zrIdhara nAmaka una donoM dvija kizoroM ko zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita kiyaa| kAlAntara meM ina bandhu dvaya kI bhaginI kalyANamatI ne varddhamAnasUri kI chatra-chAyA meM zramaNI dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI - isase anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki zrIpati aura zrIdhara kI zramaraNa dIkSA ke samaya bhI sambhavataH unake mAtApitA athavA kisI pArivArika jana ne inheM dIkSA pradAna karane sambandhI anujJA pradAna kI ho| dIkSA ke pazcAt ina donoM bhrAtAoM kA nAma kramazaH jinezvara aura buddhisAgaraM rakhA gyaa| zrIpati aura zrIdhara ne zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hone ke anantara apane guru varddhamAnasUri kI sevA meM raha kara zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyaa| pahale se hI vedavedAMga evaM aneka vidyAnoM meM pAraMgata zrIpati aura zrIdhara ne svalpa samaya meM hI jaina siddhAntoM kA bhI talasparzI jJAna prApta kara liyaa| pATaNa meM cAlukya rAja durlabhasena kI rAja sabhA meM jinezvarasUri ne caurAsI gacchoM ke caityavAsI AcAryoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara suvihita paramparA kI jisa prakAra punaH pratiSThA sthApita kI, isa sambandha meM varddhamAnasUri ke paricaya meM vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| ina donoM bhrAtAoM ko suyogya samajha kara varddhamAnasUri ne jinezvarasUri ko AcArya pada pradAna kara apanA paTTadhara niyukta kiyA / buddhi sAgara sUri ko bhI unhoMne dvitIya prAcArya ke pada para adhiSThita kiyaa| ina donoM bhAiyoM kI sahodarA sAdhvIjI kalyANamati jI ko varddhamAnasUri ne mahattarA pada pradAna kiyaa| buddhisAgara sUri ne apane hI samAna nAma vAle sAta hajAra zloka pramANa . "buddhisAgara vyAkaraNa" nAmaka vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kii| yaha grantha Aja anupalabdha hai| zrI jinezvarasUri ne jinacandrasUri aura abhayadevasUri ko prAcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| prabhAvaka caritra ke nimnalikhita zloka ke anusAra zrI jinezvara sUri ne apane guru varddhamAnasUri ke Adeza se hI abhayadevasUri ko AcArya pada pradAna kiyA thA : zrIvarddhamAna sUrINAmAdezAt sUritAM ddau| zrI jinezvara sUrizca, tatastasya guNodadheH / / / 8 / / zrImAnabhayadevAkhyaH sUriH pUrita-viSTapaH / .... / / 66 / / zrI jinezvarasUri kI adbhuta racanA zakti aura saMskRta bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra kA paricaya karAne vAlI eka ghaTanA jaina vAMgmaya meM upalabdha hotI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai :
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________________ 140 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 eka samaya jinezvarasUri ne DiyAraNA nAmaka nagara meM cAturmAsAvAsa kiyA / pratidina ke vyAkhyAna ke avasara para grAgamika upadeza ke sAtha-sAtha zikSAprada kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se zrotAoM ko Agama ke gahana viSaya sucArU rUperaNa hRdayaMgama karAne ke abhiprAya se jinezvarasUri ne caityavAsI prAcAryoM se Avazyaka pustakeM maMgavAI / caityavAsI prAcArya apanI caityavAsI paramparA kA pATaNa meM parAbhava karane vAle jinezvarasUri ko apanA koI bhI grantha dene ko sahamata nahIM hue / jinezvarasUri ne tatkAla kathAnaka koza nAmaka vizAla grantha kI racanA prArambha kara dI / pratidina aparAhna meM do prahara taka ve kathAnaka koza kI racanA karate aura dUsare dina prAtaH vyAkhyAna meM una kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se zrotAoM ko vimugdha kara dete / isa prakAra cAra mAsa meM unhoMne vizAla kathAnaka koza kI racanA sampanna kara dI / 1 1 caityavAsiyoM ko parAjita karane ke anantara zrI jinezvarasUri evaM zrI buddhisAgarasUri apane santa vRnda ke sAtha jAbAlipura aaye| yahAM zrI jinezvarasUri ne vikrama samvat 1080 meM pramAlakSma Adi katipaya granthoM aura buddhisAgarasUri ne sAta hajAra zloka parimAraNa ke 'buddhisAgara vyAkaraNa' nAmaka vyAkararaNa grantha kI - racanA pUrNa kI, jaisA ki buddhisAgara dvArA racita vyAkaraNa grantha ke anta meM ullikhita nimna zloka se prakaTa hotA hai : zrI vikramAditya narendrakAlAt, sAzItike yAti samAsahasra / (vi. saM. 1080 ) sazrIka jAbAlipure tadAdyaM, dRvdhaM mayA sapta sahasrakalpam / / 11 / / vRddhAcArya prabandhAvali meM aura kharataragaccha ko bIkAnera nagarastha zrIpUjya "dAna sAgara jaina jJAna bhaMDAra" ke upAzraya kI zrI kSamA kalyANa dvArA saM. 1830 meM racita gurvAvalI meM zrI jinezvarasUri kA gRhastha jIvana kA paricaya uparivartita paricaya se bhinna prakAra kA hI diyA huA hai / 'vRddhAcArya prabandhAvali" ke jinezvarasUri prabandha meM zrI jinezvarasUri kA paricaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM diyA gayA hai : "varddhamAnasUri vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue siddhapura nagara meM padhAre / dUsare dina prAtaH kAla zrI varddhamAnasUri jisa samaya jaMgala se nagara kI ora lauTa 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinezvarasUri [ 141 rahe the, usa samaya veda-vedAMga kA pAragAmI jaggA nAmaka puSkaraNA brAhmaNa sarasvatI nadI meM snAna kara apane ghara kI ora jA rahA thaa| usa puSkaraNA brAhmaNa jaggA ne varddhamAnasUri ko dekhate hI jaina dharma kI nindA karate hue kahA :-"ye jaina sAdhu zUdra veda bAhya aura apavitra haiN|" usa puSkaraNA brAhmaNa kI bAta sunakara varddhamAnasUri ne zAnta evaM gambhIra svara meM kahA :-"he vidvAn brAhmaNa ! bAhya snAna se vastutaH zuddhi nahIM hotii| tumhAre mastaka para mRta machalI par3I huI hai / isa dazA meM tuma svayaM anubhava karoge ki tumhAre zarIra kI zuddhi nahIM huI hai|| mRta matsya kI apane mastaka para vidyamAnatA kI bAta sunakara puSkaraNA paMDita jaggA ne ise apane sammAna kA prazna banAte hue kahA :-"yadi mere mastaka para mRta machalI mila jAya to maiM tumhArA ziSya bana jAUMgA anyathA mere mastaka para mRta matsya ke na milane kI avasthA meM tumheM merA ziSya bananA hogaa|" sasmita zAnta svara meM varddhamAnasUri ne isa paNa athavA praNa para apanI svIkRti dete hue kahA :-"ThIka hai / aisA hI ho|" AvezAbhibhUta paMDita jaggA ne jyoMhI apane zira se ziroveSTana (sAphA) uThAyA tyoM hI eka mRta matsya jaggA brAhmaNa ke mastaka para se pRthvI tala para gira par3A aura paraNa ke anusAra usane tatkAla varddhamAnasUri kA ziSyatva aMgIkAra kara liyA / " vRddhAcArya prabandhAvali ke uparivariNata jinezvarasUri prabandha meM jinezvarasUri ke laghubhrAtA buddhisAgara kA nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA gayA hai, yaha vastutaH vicAraNIya hai| "zrI dAna sAgara jaina jJAna bhaMDAra" bIkAnera kI gurvAvalI meM zrI jinezvarasUri kA paricaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM diyA gayA hai : suvihita pakSa meM saMsthApaka zrI devasari ke praziSya tathA zrI nemicandrasari ke ziSya zrI udyotanasUri ko vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pratipAlaka kriyApAtra evaM ucca koTi ke Agama marmajJa vidvAn samajhakara dUsare vibhinna 83 zramaNa samUhoM ke sthaviroM ke 83 ziSya unake (udyotanasUri ke) pAsa par3hane ke liye aaye| usI samaya sthavira maMDalI meM sarvAdhika vRddha abohara pradeza ke caityavAsI AcArya jinacandra ke ziSya zrI varddhamAna nAmaka caityavAsI sAdhu caityavAsa kA parityAga kara udyotanari kI sevA meM pahuMce aura unheM suvihita zramaraNa zreSTha evaM vidvAn jAnakara ve udyotanasUri ke ziSya bana gaye /
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________________ 142 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa isa prakAra 84 zikSArthI zramaNoM ko udyotanasUri ne samIcInatayA zrAgamoM kA adhyayana karavAyA / adhyayana ke sampanna ho jAne para eka rAtri meM suvihita zramaNa paramparA ke abhyudaya sUcaka zubha muhUrta ko dekhakara udyotana: sUri ne apane ziSyoM se kahA ki dekho AkAza meM bRhaspati rohiNI zakaTa meM praveza karane jA rahA hai / isa prakAra ke zubha muhUrta meM yadi koI guru apane ziSya ke sira para hAtha rakhakara unheM AcArya pada pradAna kara de to una prAcAryoM kI dizA vidizAoM meM dUra-dUra taka yazokIrti prasRta hotI hai / 83 una vibhinna sthaviroM ke ziSyoM kI prArthanA para udyotanasUri ne kaMDe kASTha ke prabhimantrita cUrNamaya vAsakSepa ke sAtha kramazaH unake zira para apanA hAtha rakhate hue unheM prAcArya pada pradAna kara diye / -bhAga 4 apane ziSya varddhamAna muni ko, jo ki caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara unake pAsa paMca mahAvrata rUpa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara ziSya bane the, udyotanasUri ne ina 83 zramaNoM ko prAcArya pada pradAna karane se kucha samaya pUrva hI apanA paTTadhara niyukta kara sUri mantra pradAna kara diyA thA / varddha mAnasUri ko AcArya pada pradAna karate samaya udyotanasUri ne gaccha vRddhi ke lAbha ko dekhate hue unheM uttarAkhaMDa meM vihAra karane kA Adeza diyA / uttarAkhaMDa aura aneka kSetroM meM dharma kA pracAra karane ke anantara varddhamAnasUri sarasA nAmaka pattana 'nagara' meM padhAre / unhIM dinoM soma nAmaka brAhmaNa ke do putra zivadAsa tathA buddhi sAgara aura kalyANavatI nAma kI putrI - ye tInoM bhAI-bahina somezvara mahAdeva ke darzanArtha tIrtha yAtrA karate hue usa samaya ke prasiddha nagara sarasA meM pahuMce / tInoM bahana bhAiyoM ne sarasvatI nadI meM snAna kiyA aura somanAtha mahAdeva kA antarmana meM dhyAna karate hue ve vahIM so gaye / madhya rAtri meM unake samakSa somanAtha mahAdeva ne prakaTa hokara kahA: - " vatso ! maiM tuma para prasanna hUM / tuma mujhase manovAMchita vara maaNgo|" una tInoM ne sAMjali zISa jhukA kara vara kI yAcanA karate hue zaMkara se prArthanA kI :- "prabho / Apa hama para prasanna haiM to hama tInoM ko vaikuNThavAsa pradAna kIjiye / " somanAtha ne kahA :- " vatso / vaikuMTha to mujhe bhI upalabdha nahIM hai, aisI sthiti meM maiM tumheM vaikuMThavAsa kisa bhAMti pradAna kara sakatA hUM / yadi vastutaH vaikuMThavAsa hI tumhArA ekamAtra lakSya hai to zrI varddhamAnasUri ke caraNoM kI sevA karo / vartamAna kAla meM eka mAtra ve hI vaikuMThavAsa pradAna karane meM sakSama haiM, ' samartha haiM / yaha kahakara somanAtha mahAdeva adRzya ho gaye / 1 dAna sAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra, bIkAnera po0 10 graM0 152 gurvAvalI, pR0 6
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa-2 ] jinezvarasUri [ 143 dUsare dina prAtaHkAla una tInoM bahana bhAiyoM ne nadI meM snAna kiyA aura tatpazcAt ve upAzraya meM virAjamAna zrI varddhamAnasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hue / vandana namana ke anantara unhoMne varddhamAnasUri se prArthanA kI :-"mahAtman ! Apa hameM vaikuTha vAsa pradAna kreN|" varddhamAnasUri ne antastalavedhI dRSTi se unakI ora dekhaa| unameM se eka bar3e bhAI zivadAsa (ke mastaka ke kezajAla meM eka choTI sI machalI ulajhI huI thI / jalaprANA machalI jala se bAhara nikAla diye jAne ke kAraNa jalAbhAva meM mara cukI thii| varddhamAnasUri ne marI huI usa machalI kI ora iMgita kiyA aura jaina dharma kI AdhAra zilA svarUpA dayA bhagavatI para prakAza DAlate hue vaikuTha pradAyI zramaNAcAra kA svarUpa unheM smjhaayaa| varddhamAnasUri ke mukhAravinda se vaikuMThavAsa (mokSa) prApti ke sacce mArga ko sunakara una tInoM bahina-bhAiyoM ke antaHkaraNa-manamastiSka meM mokSa mArga para agrasara hone kI utkaTa AkAMkSA utpanna huI / una tInoM mumukSu bhavyAtmAoM ne varddhamAnasUri se jIvana-paryanta sarva sAvadya-virati svarUpa paMca mahAvratoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kI / guru ne dIkSA pradAna karate samaya zivadAsa kA nAma jinezvara rkhaa| muni jinezvara aura buddhi sAgara ne pUrNa niSThA evaM pragAr3ha zraddhApUrvaka apane guru varddhamAnasUri se prAgamoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| utkRSTa lagana aura kaThora parizrama ke pariNAma-svarUpa una bandhudvaya muniyoM ne sabhI saiddhAntika zAstroM meM niSNAtatA prApta kii| varddhamAnasUri se eka dina jinezvara muni ne nivedana kiyA ki yadi gurjara pradeza meM vicaraNa kara dharma kA pracAra kiyA jAe to jinazAsana kI bar3I unnati ho sakatI hai / varddhamAnasUri ne kahA :- "vahAM caityavAsiyoM kA ekAdhipatya paraka prabala prabhAva hai ataH paga-paga para unakI aora se aneka prakAra ke upasarga-upadrava upasthita kie jAne kI AzaMkA hai|" jinezvarasUri ne apane guru se nivedana kiyA :- "prAcAryadeva ! yUkAoM (jUnoM) ke bhaya se vastra kA parityAga to nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| mujhe aura buddhi sAgara ko gujarAta meM dharma pracAra kI AjJA pradAna kIjiye / hama donoM vahAM sabhI prakAra kI pratikUla paristhitiyoM kA sAhasa ke sAtha sAmanA karate hue prabhu mahAvIra ke vizvakalyANakArI jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kreNge|" apane ziSyoM ke sAhasa evaM kSamatA se santuSTa evaM Azvasta ho varddhamAnasUri ne unheM gujarAta meM dharma pracAra kI anujJA pradAna karate hue una donoM muniyoM ko prAcArya pada aura sAdhvI kalyANavatI ko mahattarA pada pradAna kiyaa| gurugrAjJA prApta kara jinezvarasUri aura prAcArya buddhi sAgara ne gujarAta kI aora vihAra kiyaa| ve donoM bandhu ahillapura paTTaNa meM pahuMce aura rAjapurohita ke ghara meM Thahare / rAjapurohita dvArA unase unake nAma, vaMza, sthAna Adi ke sambandha meM prazna
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________________ 144 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 4 kiye jAne para jinezvarasari ne kahA :-"hama donoM bhAI vArANasI nagarI ke nivAsI zrI soma brAhmaNa ke putra haiN|" -- Antarika AhlAda prakaTa karate hue rAjapurohita ne kahA :-"aho! Apa donoM mere bhAgineya (bhAnje) ho|" rAjapurohita ne una donoM bandhuoM ko bar3e sammAna ke sAtha apane ghara para rakkhA / ' gurjareza durlabharAja kI rAja sabhA meM jinezvarasari ne caityavAsiyoM ko vAda meM parAjita kara apahillapura paTTaNa meM vasativAsa kI sthApanA kii| isa prakAra "prabhAvaka caritra", vRddhAcArya prabandhAvali aura dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaMDAra, bIkAnera kI gurvAvalI meM zrI jinezvarasUri kA dIkSita hone se pUrva kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, vaha paraspara samAna nahIM hai / prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne jinezvarasUri aura buddhi sAgarasUri ko madhyapradeza nivAsI kRSNa nAmaka brAhmaNa ke zrIdhara aura zrIpati nAmaka putra batAte hue dhArAnagarI ke zreSTha lakSmIpati ke mAdhyama se dhArAnagarI meM unake dIkSita hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| isake viparIta vRddhAcArya prabandhAvalI meM jinezvarasUri ko gRhasthAvasthA meM jaggA nAmaka puSkaraNA brAhmaNa batAyA gayA hai| isameM jinezvarasUri kA dIkSAsthala siddhapura aura dIkSA kA kAraNa zuddhi azuddhi ke paraNa meM parAjita honA batAyA gayA hai / dAna sAgara jaina jJAna bhaMDAra bIkAnera kI uparivariNata (kharataragaccha) gurvAvalI meM jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgarasUri kA vArANasI ke soma nAmaka brAhmaNa ke putra ke rUpa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai / isake sAtha hI sarasA nagara meM somanAtha mahAdeva ke nirdeza se varddhamAnasUri ke samparka meM Ane aura vahIM sarasA nAmaka nagara meM hI varddhamAnasUri ke pAsa unake dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai| paraspara bhinna isa prakAra ke vivaraNoM meM se vastuta: kaunasA vivaraNa prAmANika hai, isa sambandha meM pramANAbhAva ke kAraNa sunizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kevala anumAna hI kiyA jA sakatA hai ki prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne jinezvarasUri ke gRhastha jIvana kA jo paricaya diyA hai, vaha saMbhavataH vAstavikatA ke adhika sannikaTa ho / vRddhAcArya prabandhAvali aura bIkAnera ke dAna sAgara jaina jJAna bhaMDAra kI gurvAvalI ke etad viSayaka vivaraNoM ko prAmANika mAnane meM eka bahuta bar3I bAdhA yaha AtI hai ki durlabharAja kI aNahillapura paTTaNa kI rAja sabhA meM jinezvarasUri dvArA caityavAsiyoM ko parAjita karane se pUrva sampUrNa gujarAta, saurASTra Adi dakSiNI pazcimI pradezoM meM suvihita paramparA ke zramaNoM kA vicaraNa - 1. tadA tena jJAtaM etau mama bhAgineyau / tatazca bahumAnapurassaraM svagRhe rakSitau / gurvAvalI : 1862 taka: po. 10, graM. 152, pRSTha 11 dAna sAgara jaina jJAna bhaMDAra, bIkAnera /
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________________ sAmAnya zru tadhara kAla khaNDa-2 ] jinezvarasUri [ 145 nahIM ke barAbara thA, yaha kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI Adi jaina vAGamaya ke ullekhoM se spaSTataH vidita hotA hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM caityavAsiyoM ko pATaNa meM parAjita karane se pUrva varddhamAnasUri kA gujarAta meM viMcaraNa aura jaggA brAhmaNa athavA zivadAsa buddhisAgara aura kalyANavatI kA sarasA nagara meM varddhamAnasUri ke pAsa dIkSita honA sambhava hI nahIM ho sakatA / uparilikhita tInoM prakAra ke ullekhoM se yaha to spaSTataH siddha hotA hai ki zrI jinezvarasUri brAhmaNa kula ke nara-ratna the aura unhoMne caityavAsI paramparA kI Agama viruddha mAnyatAoM kI kAlI saghana ghana-ghaTAoM se pUrNataH pAcchAdita jaina dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa ko saMsAra ke samakSa punaH prakAzita kara jina zAsana kI mahatI sevA kI / vastutaH jinezvarasUri ne caityavAsI paramparA dvArA cAroM aora prasArita bAhyADambara, zAstra viruddha zramaNAcAra aura prAgama viruddha mAnyatAoM ko nirasta-samAptaprAyaH kara dravya paramparAoM dvArA uttarottara manda kI jA rahI jina zAsana kI jyoti ko punaH prajvalita kiyaa| ___ yadi mahApratApI jinezvarasUri ne caityavAsI paramparA kI jar3oM ko na jhakajhorA hotA to Aja bhAva-paramparA ke, jaina dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa ke, suvihita zramaNa-paramparA ke ora AgamAnusAra vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke darzana sambhavata: bahu zramasAdhya hI nahIM apitu durlabha ho jAte / ApazrI dvArA kI gaI jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya sevA jaina itihAsa meM sarvadA svarNAkSaroM meM likhI jAtI rhegii| -:0:
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________________ jinacandrasUri jinezvarasUri ke pazcAt jinacandrasUri saMvigna paramparA ke prAcArya hue / inheM aura abhayadevasUri ko jinezvarasUri ne apane guru varddhamAnasUri ke jIvana kAla meM unake Adeza se hI AcArya pada pradAna kara diyA thA / kharataragaccha kI aneka paTTAvaliyoM meM saMvigna paramparA ke prAcAryoM, zramaNa, zramaNiyoM tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko kharataragaccha kI paramparA kA batAyA gayA hai / isa sambandha meM una paTTAvaliyoM meM likhA gayA hai ki praNahilapura pATaNa ke mahArAjA durlabharAja solaMkI kI rAjasabhA meM 84 gacchoM ke caityavAsI sAdhuoM ko jinezvarasUri ne zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA / usa upalakSa meM durlabharAja ne jinezvarasUri ko kharatara viruda se vibhUSita kiyA / paTTAvalIkAroM ke isa kathana kI sva0 paM. zrI kalyANa vijayajI mahArAja jaise labdhapratiSTha itihAsakAroM ne prAmArikatA kI koTi meM gaNanA nahIM kI hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki "kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvalI" meM pATaNa ke mahArAjA durlabharAja kI sabhA meM varddhamAnasUri kI vidyamAnatA meM unake ziSya jinezvarasUri dvArA caityavAsiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiye jAne kA to ullekha hai kintu "kharatara viruda" diye jAne kA kiMcit mAtra bhI ullekha nahIM hai / abhayadevasUri ne bhI apanI jJAtA dharmakathAMga vRtti meM apanI paramparA ko candra kulIna saMvigna paramparA batAyA hai / ' isI prakAra jinadattasUri (vi0 saM0 1204 - 1211) ne bhI apanI kRti gaNadhara sArddhazataka" meM caityavAsiyoM ko parAjita kiye jAne kA to ullekha kiyA hai, kintu kharatara viruda diye jAne kA kahIM ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / zrI jinacandrasUri ne 18 hajAra zloka pramANa 'saMvega - raMgazAlA" nAmaka eka grantha kI racanA kI jo pratyeka mumukSu ke liye paThanIya, mananIya evaM adhyAtma ke prazasta patha para agrasara hone ke icchuka sAdhakoM ke lie prakAzastambha tulya hai / jinacandrasUri kI kRti kA "saMvega raMgazAlA" nAma se bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki varddhamAnasUri dvArA kriyoddhAra ke pazcAt prArambha kI gaI paramparA unake samaya. taka saMvigna paramparA ke nAma se hI abhihita kI jAtI thI / jJAtA dharma kathAMga vRtti, prazasti, zloka saM. 8
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________________ abhayadevasUri ( navAMgI vRttikAra) zrI abhayadevasUri vIra nirvAraNa kI solahavIM satrahavIM zatAbdI ke Agama marmajJa, mahAn TIkAkAra evaM prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiM / Apa jaina itihAsa meM navAMgI vRttikAra ke viruda se vibhUSita evaM vikhyAta rahe haiM / Apane AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ko chor3akara zeSa nau aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA karake jo jinazAsana kI jinavANI kI nitarAM zlAghanIya sevA kI hai, usake liye jaina jagat prApakA sadA sarvadA kRtajJa rahegA / zrI abhayadevasUri kA janma vikrama samvat 1072 meM mAlava pradeza kI itihAsa prasiddha dhArA- nagarI meM huA / prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekhAnusAra prApa mahAn kriyoddhAraka evaM saMvigna paramparA ke sUtradhAra prAcArya varddhamAnasUri ke praziSya aura jinezvarasUri ke ziSya the / prabhAvaka caritra ke atirikta "kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI" meM bhI zrI abhayadevasUri ko jinezvarasUri kA hI ziSya batAyA gayA hai / kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI kA etadviSayaka vaha ullekha nimnalikhita rUpa meM hai : pazcAcchI jinezvara sUriNA vihArakramaM kurutA jinacandra, abhayadeva, dhanezvara, haribhadra prasatracandra, dharmadeva, sahadeva, sumati prabhRtayo'neke ziSyAH kRtAH / ... / pazcAcchI jinezvara sUribhiH zrI jinacandrAbhayadevau guraNapAtraM jJAtvA sUripade niveSitau krameNa yugapradhAnau jAtau / " 1. prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekhAnusAra abhayadevasUri kA janma dhArAnagarI ke mahA samRddhizAlI zreSTi mahIdhara kI patiparAyaNA dharmapatnI dhanadevI kI kukSi se huA / 66 anyadA viharantazca zrI jinezvarasUrayaH / punarghArApurIM prApuH sapuNyaprApyadarzanAH // 61 // zreSThI mahIdharastatra, puruSArtha trayonnataH / / / 62 / / tasyAbhayakumArAkhyo, dhanadevyaMgabhUrabhUta ..... / / 63 / / athAbhayakumAro'sau vairAgyeNa taraMgita: / ........... / / 65 / / anumatyA tatastasya, gurubhiH sa ca dIkSitaH / ............ / / 66 / / - prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 163-164
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________________ 148 1 inake janma aura prAcAryapada para AsIna hone ke sambandha meM prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne prakAza DAlate hue ullekha kiyA hai ki mahIdhara zreSThi aura dhanadevI ke putra abhayakumAra ne bAlyAvasthA meM evaM varddhamAnasUri kI vidyamAnatA meM hI zramadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thI / zramaraNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna kiye jAne para guru dvArA abhayakumAra kA nAma abhayadeva rakhA gayA / inakI dIkSA ke sambandha meM prabhAcandrasUri ne likhA hai ki eka samaya jinezvarasUri vihAra krama se dhArAnagarI meM padhAre / unake upadeza ko sunane ke liye vizAla janasamUha umar3a par3A / atula dhana sampadA ke svAmI mahIdhara nAmaka zreSThi apanI patnI dhanadevI aura apane bAlaka abhayakumAra ke sAtha prAcArya zrI ke dharmopadeza ko sunane ke liye AyA / unake upadeza ko sunakara bAlaka abhayakumAra ko saMsAra kI prasAratA evaM kSaNabhaMguratA kA pahalI bAra bhalIbhAMti bodha huA aura vaha vairAgya ke gahare raMga meM raMga gayA / abhayakumAra ne tatkAla mAtA-pitA se prArthanA kI ki use ve jinezvarasUri ke caraNoM kI zItala chAyA meM zramaNa-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa karane kI anujJA pradAna kreN| apane prANapriya putra kI isa prakAra kI bAta sunakara mahIdhara aura dhanadevI stabdha ho zoka sAgara meM nimagna ho gaye / unhoMne zramaragajIvana kI kaThinAiyoM se apane putra ko avagata karAte hue use samajhAne kA yathAzakya pUrA-pUrA prayAsa kiyA ki abhI usakI bAlavaya hai ataH arthakarI vidyA ke arjana meM hI nirata rahe aura yuvAvasthA meM nAnA prakAra ke sAMsArika bhogopabhogoM kA sukhopabhoga karane ke anantara DhalatI vaya meM zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSita ho jAya / honahAra bAlaka abhaya kumAra ko pUrvajanmoM ke saMskAroM ke pratApa se anamola mAnava jIvana ke mahatva aura sAMsArika jIvana ke aihika bhogopabhogoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA AbhAsa ho gayA thA ataH usane dIkSita ho jAne kA apanA dRr3ha saMkalpa prakaTa karate hue kahA ki use kSaNabhaMgura saMsAra ke nissAra kAryakalApoM evaM sukhopabhogoM meM koI sAra pratIta nahIM hotA / aba use saMsAra kA koI pralobhana apanI ora AkarSita nahIM kara sakatA / usane mana hI mana saba bhAMti soca vicAra kara zramaraNa dharma meM dIkSita ho jAne kA aTala nizcaya kara liyA hai / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 apane putra ke svabhAva se mahIdhara aura dhana devI, donoM hI, bhalI-bhAMti paricita the ki abhaya kumAra ne eka bAra jo nizcaya kara liyA hai, usase use koI DigA nahIM sakatA / ataH unhoMne antatogatvA azrupUrita nayanoM se apane prANapriya putra kI ora nihArate hue saMdhe svara meM use dIkSita hone kI anujJA pradAna kara dI / mAtA-pitA kI anujJA prApta hote hI abhayakumAra ke harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA / dIkSita hone ke pazcAt muni prabhayadeva ne guru caraNoM kI sevA meM rahate hue bar3I niSThA ke sAtha saMskRta prAkRta Adi bhASAoM kA adhyayana prArambha kara diyA / kuzAgra buddhi ke dhanI muni abhayadeva ne athak prayAsa karate hue sabhI bhASAoM kA AdhikArika jJAna prApta kara vidvad samAja ko AzcaryAbhibhUta kara diyA / unhoMne
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 146 zramaNadharma kI samIcInatayA paripAlanA ke sAtha-sAtha apane guru jinezvarasUri se AgamoM kA adhyayana kara unakA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyaa| . isa prakAra vinaya, vaiyAvatya evaM niraticAra zramaNa dharma kI paripAlanA ke sAtha muni abhayadevasUri anupama adhyavasAya, niSThA tathA athak zramapUrvaka vyAkaraNa nyAya, chanda-zAstra tathA sva-para darzana ke udbhaTa vidvAn evaM jainAgamoM ke tala-sparzI jJAtA bana gaye / sabhI vidyAoM meM niSNAtatA aura AgamoM ke gUr3hatama jJAna ke tala-sparzI jJAtA bana jAne ke kAraNa munizrI abhayadeva kI kIrti digdiganta meM vyApta ho gii| unakI gaNanA usa samaya ke agragaNya udbhaTa vidvAnoM meM kI jAne lgii| __ apane pratyutpanna-mati Agama marmajJa udbhaTa vidvAn praziSya abhayadevasUri ke Arjava-mArdava-vinaya Adi guNoM aura yazogAthAoM para mugdha ho prathama mahAn kriyoddhAraka varddhamAnasUri ne apane parama AjJAkArI evaM prabhAvaka ziSya jinezvarasUri ko Adeza diyA ki ve honahAra SoDaza varSAyuSka kizora muni abhayadeva ko prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kara deN| apane ananya upakArI parama prabhAvaka guru kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara jinezvarasUri ne vi0 saM0 1088 meM apane asAdhAraNa pratibhA ke dhanI medhAvI ziSya zrI abhayadeva ko sUri pada (AcArya pada) para pratiSThita kiyA / sUri pada para pratiSThita kiye jAne ke anantara bhI abhayadevasUri apane guru ke sAtha vibhinna kSetroM meM apratihata vihAra-krama se jina zAsana ke abhyudayotkarSakArI kAryoM meM nirata raha jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karate rahe / . abhayadevasUri ko sUripada pradAna karane ke kucha samaya pazcAt vibhinna kSetroM meM jina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karate hue prAcArya zrI varddhamAnasUri palyapadrapura nAmaka nagara meM padhAre / vahAM apane jIvana kA anta samaya jAna kara AlocanApUrvaka prazanapAna kA yAvajjIvana parityAga kara saMthArA grahaNa kiyA / aura vahIM ve svargastha 1. tataH prajJAtizayAt SoDazavarSajanmaparyAyaH kumArAvastha eva varddhamAnasUriNAbhyanujJAto vikramIya 1088 mite varSe prAcAryapadamabhyatiSThat ! -abhidhAna rAjendra, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 706-707 2. sa cAvagADha-siddhAnta, tattvaprekSAnumAnataH / / babhau mahAkriyAniSThaH, zrI saMghAmbhojabhASkaraH // 17 // zrI vardhamAnasUrINAmAdezAt sUritAM ddo| zrI jinezvarasUrizca, tatastasya guNodadheH // 18 // -prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 164
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________________ 150 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 hue| zithilAcAraparAyaNa caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva ko sazakta cunautI dene vAle aura zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kI vizuddha mUla paramparA ko punaH prakAza meM lAne vAle zrI vardhamAnasUri ke svargastha hone ke anantara zrI abhayadevasUri apane guru ke nirdezAnusAra vibhinna kSetroM meM zuddha-mUla paramparA kA pracAraprasAra karate hue vicaraNa karane lge| apane ziSyoM ko prAgamoM kI vAcanA dete samaya unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki ekAdazAMgI ke prathama do aMga prAcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga-ina do aMgoM para prAcArya zIlAka dvArA racita TIkAoM ke upalabdha hone ke kAraNa ina donoM sUtroM ke gUDhArtha ko hRdayaMgama karane meM AgamoM ke zikSArthiyoM ko adhika kaThinAI kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| kintu zeSa sthAnAMga Adi nau aMgoM para zIlAGkAcArya dvArA nirmita TIkAtroM ke vilupta ho jAne ke kAraNa una aMgoM ke adhyetAoM ko AgamoM ke artha ko samajhane aura gUDhArtha bhare anekArthaka sUtroM ko hRdayaMgama karane meM bar3I kaThinAI hote dekhakara prAcArya abhayadevasUri ne antarmana se anubhava kiyA ki AgamoM ke adhyetAoM kI suvidhA ke liye isa kaThinAI ko dUra karanA paramAvazyaka hai, ataH unhoMne isa gurutara kArya ko sampanna karane kA mana hI mana saMkalpa kiyaa| prabhAvaka caritrakAra prabhAcandrAcArya ke ullekhAnusAra upAzraya meM rAtri ke samaya jinazAsana kI adhiSThAtrI devI ne abhayadevasUri ke samakSa upasthita ho namanAnantara nivedana kiyA-"pUrvakAla meM koTyAcArya ke nAma se prakhyAta zIlAGkAcArya ne gyArahoM aMgoM kI vRttiyoM kI racanA kI thI, unameM se prAcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAGga ina do sUtroM kI hI vRttiyAM sAmpratakAla meM upalabdha haiM / zeSa ha aMgoM kI TIkAeM kAlaprabhAva se vilupta ho gaI haiN| jaina saMgha para kRpA kara Apa sthAnAMgAdi zeSa nau aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA karane kA prayAsa kreN|" zAsanAdhiSThAtrI devI kI bAta sunakara abhayadeva ne uttara dete hue kahA :-- sarvajJa sarvadarzI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa aura mati, zruti, avadhi evaM mana: paryava isa prakAra cAra viziSTa jJAna ke dhanI prArya sudharmA dvArA grathita gUDhArtha bhare AgamoM ke rahasyabhare anekArthapUrNa zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karane meM mere jaisA alpajJa kyA saphala ho sakegA? aApake Adeza kI avahelanA to maiM nahIM kara sakatA kintu mujhe eka hI bhaya hai ki apanI alpa mati ke kAraNa yadi mere dvArA gUDhArtha bhare eka bhI zabda kI sarvajJapraNIta Agama kI mUla bhAvanA ke viparIta vyAkhyA ho gaI to maiM anantakAla taka bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM bhaTakane kA adhikArI evaM ananta duHsahya dAruNa duHkhoM kA bhAgI bana jaauuNgaa|" isa para zAsanadevI ne abhayadevasUri ko Azvasta karate hue kahA-"mahAmanISin ! AgamoM kI TIkA karane meM suyogya samajha kara hI to maiMne navAMgoM para vRtti nirmANa kI Apase prArthanA kI hai / vRttiyoM kI racanA karate samaya kahIM para
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 151 bhI kisI prakAra kA koI saMzaya kisI Agamika zabda ke viSaya meM ho jAya, to Apa tatkAla merA smaraNa kara lenA / maiM tatkAla Apake samakSa upasthita ho jAUMgI aura Apake saMzaya se bhalI-bhAMti avagata ho sImandhara svAmI kI sevA meM mahAvideha kSetra meM jAkara unase ApakI zaMkAoM kA pUrNa samAdhAna prApta kara aApako samucita artha se avagata karA duuNgii| ataH Apa saba prakAra ke UhApoha kA parityAga kara sthAnAMgAdi nau aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA karane kA kArya prArambha kara dIjiye / "1 ____ zAsana devI ke kathana ko svIkAra kara abhayadevasUri ne navAMgI vRtti kI racanA kA kArya prArambha kiyaa| prabhAcandrAcArya dvArA prastuta kiye gaye isa vivaraNa se kucha bhinna rUpa meM "kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI' ke racanAkAra ne navAMgI vRtti kI racanA ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM vicAra prastuta kiyA hai : __ "tadanantara (jinezvarasUri ke pazcAt) navAMgI vRttiyoM ke racanAkAra zrI abhayadevasUri yugapradhAnAcArya hue| ve nau aMgoM kI vRttiyoM ke racanAkAra kaise hue isa sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai ki sambhAraNA nAmaka grAma meM abhayadeva sUri vyAdhigrasta ho gaye / jyoM jyoM upacAra kiyA gayA tyoM tyoM roga bar3hatA hI gyaa| roga kI asAdhya sthiti se apanI zArIrika azaktAvasthA ko dekhakara apane doSoM kI AlocanA pratyAlocanA ke lakSya se abhayadeva sUri ne cAroM ora cAra cAra yojana dUra taka ke zrAvakoM ko bulavAyA / terasa ke dina kI rAtri ke avasAna kAla meM do prahara rAtri ke avaziSTa rahane para jinazAsana kI adhiSThAtrI devI unake pAsa upasthita huI aura usane abhayadevasUri se pUchA-"so rahe ho yA jAga rahe ho?" . rugNa abhayadevasUri ne atIva manda svara meM uttara diyA-"jAga rahA huuN|" devI ne kahA :-"zIghra uTho aura sUtra kI ina nau ghuNDiyoM ko suljhaayo|" abhayadeva sUri ne uttara diyA--"maiM uTha nahIM sktaa|" devI ne kahA :-"kaise nahIM uTha sakate? abhI to tuma bahuta darSoM taka jIroge / aura no aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA kroge|" 1. yatra saMdihyate cetaH, pRSTavyo'tra mayA sadA / zrImAn sImandharaH svAmI, tatra gatvA dhRtiM kuru / / 110 // Arabhasva tatoha yetat, mAtra saMzayyatAM tvayA smRtamAtrA samAyAsye, ihArthe tvatpado zape / / 111 / / zrutvetyaMgIcakArAtha, kAryaM duSkaramapyadaH........ // 112 //
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________________ 152 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "isa prakAra kI vizIrNa zArIrika sthiti meM vRttiyoM kI racanA kaise kara sakUgA?" __ isa para devI ne upadeza kI mudrA meM kahA-'stambhanakapura nAmaka nagara ke samIpa seDhikA nAmaka nadI ke taTa ke sannikaTa khaMkharA palAza nAmaka vRkSoM ke bIca meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI prAkRtika (svayaMbhU) pratimA vidyamAna hai| usa pratimA ke samakSa devoM kA vandana karo / tuma pUrNa svastha ho jaaoge|" yaha kahakara devI tirohita ho gaI / prAtaHkAla cAroM ora ke par3osa-par3osa ke gAMvoM se Aye hue zrAvakoM kA samUha abhayadevasUri ke samakSa upasthita huA / sabane sAdara sUrijI ko vandana-namana kiyaa| abhayadevasUri ne unase kahA-"stambhanakapura meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ko vandana karane jAnA hai|" zrAvakoM ne ise apane pUjya AcArya kA upadeza samajhA aura ve bole-"hama isakA prabandha karake abhI ApakI sevA meM upasthita hote haiN|" unhoMne abhayadevasUri ke liye vAhana kI vyavasthA kI aura stambhanakapura kI ora prasthita hue / abhayadeva sUri kI bhUkha vastutaH usa samaya taka pUrNataH naSTa ho cukI thii| kintu kucha hI dUrI kI yAtrA ke pazcAt unheM bhUkha laga gaI aura unakI kucha peya lene kI icchA huI / yAtrA krama se dhavalaka nAmaka grAma taka pahuMcate pahuMcate abhayadevasUri kA zarIra niroga ho gayA / svastha ho jAne para unhoMne stambhanakapura taka caraNa vihAra kiyaa| vahAM pahuMcate hI zrAvakoM ne idhara-udhara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ko DhUr3hanA prArambha kiyaa| kintu jaba mUrti kahIM bhI dRSTigocara nahIM huI to unhoMne guru se pUchA ki vaha mUrti kahAM hai| abhayadevasUri ne unheM batAyA- "khaMkharA palAza vRkSoM ke madhya bhAgoM meM dekho|" una vRkSoM ke pAsa DhUMr3hane para zrAvakoM ko daidIpyamAna vaha mUrti dRSTigocara huI / unheM logoM se yaha bhI vidita huyA ki pratidina eka gAya yahAM Akara isa mUrti para apane stanoM se dUdha kI dhArAeM varSA kara isa mUrti ko dUdha se snAna karAtI hai / zrAvaka bar3e santuSTa hue aura unhoMne abhayadevasUri ke samakSa upasthita hokara kahA-"bhagavan ! Apake dvArA batAI gaI mUrti ko hamane DhUMr3ha liyA hai|" ___isa para abhayadevasUri bhagavAn ko vandana karane ke liye bhakti-vibhora ho usa ora cala pdd'e| unhoMne usa sthAna para mUrti ko dekhA aura usakI bhakti-bhAva
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri se vandanA kii| unhoMne usI samaya khar3e hI khar3e (prabhu ke prabhAva se) tatkAla "jaya tihuyaNa" nAmaka namaskAra dvAtriMzikA kI racanA karate hae prabhu kI stuti kii| stuti ke prabhAva se aneka devagaNa vahAM upasthita hue aura unhoMne abhayadevasUri se nivedana kiyA-"antima do namaskAroM ko, arthAt antima do gAthAoM ko Apa isa stotra se nikAla dIjiye kyoMki una do gAthAoM ke amogha prabhAva ke kAraNa jahAM kahIM bhI, jisa kisI ke dvArA ina donoM gAthAoM kA uccAraNa kiye jAne para hama sabako tatkAla smaraNa karane vAle ke samakSa upasthita honA par3egA aura isa prakAra jaba kabhI, jisa kisI ke samakSa tatkAla upasthita honA hamAre liye kaSTakara hI siddha hogA / vastutaH hama tIsa gAthAoM dvArA prabhu ko namaskAra karane para bhI usakA saba prakAra se bhalA kara deNge| abhayadevasUri ne una devoM ke kathanAnusAra una antima donoM gAthAoM ko 'jaya tihuyaNa' stotra se alaga kara diyaa| tadanantara upasthita zrAvaka samUha ke sAtha deva vandana kiyaa| zrAvaka samudAya ne pArzva prabhu kI pratimA kA snAna vilepana, AbharaNa vibhUSA Adi se pUjana kiyaa| vahIM para pArzvanAtha prabhu kI pratimA kI sthApanA kara dI gaI aura mandira kA bhI nirmANa karA diyA gayA / saba logoM kI manovAMchita abhilASAoM kI pUrti kara dene ke kAraNa usa mandira kI "abhayadevasUri dvArA sthApita pArzvanAtha tIrtha" nAma se digadiganta meM khyAti phaila gii| usa navanirmitaM-pArzvanAtha tIrtha se abhayadevasUri pATana meM padhAre aura vahAM "karaDihaTTI" nAmaka vastI meM virAje / vahAM rahate hue abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAMga prabhRti nau aMga zAstroM para nau vRttiyoM kI racanA kii| vRttiyoM kI racanA karate samaya unheM prAgamasUtroM ke artha evaM vyAkhyA ke sambandha meM jahAM kahIM zaMkA utpanna hotI, vahAM unake dvArA smaraNa mAtra se hI jayA, vijayA, jayantI nAmaka deviyAM mahAvideha kSetra meM tIrthaMkara kI sevA meM upasthita ho una sabhI zaMkAoM kA unase samAdhAna prApta kara abhayadeyasUri ke sandehoM kA nivAraNa kara detiiN|"" prabhAvaka caritrakAra prabhAcandrasUri aura kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI dvArA navAMgI vRtti kI racanA ke sambandha meM prastuta kiye gaye vivaraNoM meM sabase bar3A antara yaha hai ki kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalIkAra ne kuSTha roga kI utpatti ke pazcAta zAsana devatA ke unake samakSa upasthita hone, zAsana devI dvArA nau aMgoM para vRttiyoM ke nirmANa kI prArthanA, kuSTha roga ke nivAraNa kA zAsana devI dvArA upAya batAne aura devI ke nirdezAnusAra stambhanakapura ke pAsa pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ke vandana, 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI, pR. 6-7 /
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________________ 154 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 namana, aura "jaya tihuyaNa" nAmaka namaskAra dvAtriMzikA kI racanA karane tathA usase kuSTha roga se mukti pAne ke anantara pATana sthita 'kara DihaTTI' nAmaka vasati meM nau aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / jabaki prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne sthAnAMga yAdi nau AgamoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA karane kI prArthanA ke sAtha-sAtha prAcAmla vrata pUrvaka bar3e lambe samaya taka aharniza vRttiyoM kI racanA ke gurutara kArya kI niSpatti ke liye athaka parizrama karate rahane ke kAraNa nau hI aMgoM kI vRttiyoM kI parisamApti ke pazcAt kuSTha roga kI utpatti kA ullekha kiyA hai / ina donoM granthakAroM ke etadviSayaka ullekha meM dUsarA antara yaha hai ki kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalIkAra 'zambhAraNA' nAmaka grAma meM kuSTha roga se prabhayadevasUri ke grasta hone kA, aura dhaulakapura meM pahuMcate hI unake kuSTha roga se mukta ho jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai; isake viparIta prabhAvaka caritra meM ullekha hai ki nau aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA kara dene ke pazcAt jaba abhayadevasUri dhavalakapura meM pahuMce to lambe samaya taka grAcAmla vrata karane, kaThora parizrama karane aura rAtriyoM meM - bar3e lambe samaya taka jAgate rahane ke kAraNa unake zarIra meM raktadoSa utpanna ho gayA / uparilikhita donoM granthoM ke ullekha meM tIsarA bar3A antara yaha hai ki prabhAvaka caritrakAra ke ullekhAnusAra kaThora parizrama, rAtri jAgaraNa aura lambe samaya taka prAcAmla vrata ke pariNAmasvarUpa abhayadeva sUri rakta doSa se grasta ho gaye / unase dveSa aura IrSyA rakhane vAle logoM ne cAroM ora isa prakAra kA pracAra karanA prArambha kara diyA ki grabhayadeva sUri ne navAMgoM kI vRttiyoM meM sarvajJa - prarUpita vacana se viparIta artha meM sUtroM kI vyAkhyA kI ataH unakI isa utsUtra - prarUpaNA ke aparAdha se kupita hokara jinazAsana ke adhiSThAtA devoM ne unake aMga pratyaMga meM kuSTha roga utpanna kara diyA / isa prakAra ke lokApavAda se ciMtita ho mlAnamanA abhaya deva sUri ne rAtri ke samaya dharaNendra nAmaka sarparAja kA smaraNa kiyA / usI rAta meM nidrAvasthA meM abhayadeva sUri ne svapna meM dekhA ki eka bhISaNa kAlA nAga apanI lapalapAtI jihvA se unake aMga pratyaMgoM ko, pUre zarIra ko cATa rahA hai / jAgRta hone para jaba unhoMne svapna para cintana kiyA to unheM prAbhAsa huA ki kAle viSadhara nAga ne apanI lapalapAtI lAla lAla jihvA se unake zarIra ko cATA hai, isase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki aba unakI grAyuSya kA antima samaya A cukA hai / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM AlocanA pUrvaka saMlekhanA saMthArA aMgIkAra kara lenA cAhiye / isa prakAra unhoMne zIghra hI grAjIvana catuvidha prahAra kA parityAga kara dene kA mana hI mana vicAra kara liyA / kintu dvitIya rAtri ke samaya unhoMne svapna meM dekhA ki svayaM dharaNendra unake sanmukha upasthita hokara kaha rahA hai:- maiM dharaNendra huuN| maiMne Apake isa roga ko apanI jilhvA se cATa kara naSTa kara diyA hai, aba Apa pUrNataH svastha haiM / "
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla laNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 155 dharaNendra kI bAta sunakara abhayadeva sUri ne kahA:- na to mujhe mRtyu se koI bhaya hai, aura na ghorAtighora roga se hii| logoM ne jo yaha jhUThA apavAda phailA diyA hai ki vRttiyoM kI racanA karate samaya maiMne sUtroM kI jinavANI se viparIta utsUtra vyAkhyA kI, isaliye jina zAsanAdhiSThAyaka devoM ne Rddha ho mere zarIra meM kuSTha roga utpanna kara diyA hai, isa prakAra ke jhUThe apavAda ke kAraNa mujhe kevala isI bAta kA bhaya hai ki yadi merA roga se prapIr3ita avasthA meM dehAvasAna ho gayA to loka meM jinazAsana kI pratiSThA evaM prabhAvanA ko dhakkA lgegaa|" - isa para dharaNendra ne kahA-"tumheM isa prakAra adhIra nahIM honA caahiye| maiM batAtA hUM usa bhAMti jinabimba kA uddhAra kara jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA karo / stambhana grAma ke pAsa se TikA nAma kI nadI ke taTa para jAla vRkSa ke samUha ke bIca meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA rakkhI huI hai| usa pratimA ko tuma prakaTa kara do / vahAM eka mahAn tIrtha kI sthApanA ho jaaygii| usa tIrtha kI sthApanA se dharAtala para tumhArI puNyazAlinI kIrti yuga-yugAntara taka sthAyI ho jAyagI / " usane phira kahA- "vRddhA strI kA rUpa dhAraNa kiye eka devI tumhArA mArgadarzana karegI / use tumhAre atirikta koI anya vyakti nahIM dekha skegaa| usake Age Age zveta svarUpa meM kiM vA zveta kutte ke rUpa meM kSetrapAla calatA rahegA / " yaha kaha kara dharaNendra tatkAla tirohita ho gyaa| isa prakAra prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke sambandha meM abhayadevasUri ko dharaNendra dvArA sUcanA diye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai / para kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM zAsanadevI dvArA isa viSayaka sUcanA diye jAne kA ullekha hai| astu ! ina donoM prakAra ke ullekhoM ke tathyAtathya kI gaharAI meM jAnA hameM abhISTa nahIM hai| yahAM hameM yahI batAnA abhISTa hai ki sthAnAMgAdi nau aMga zAstroM kI vRttiyoM kA nirmANa kara abhayadevasUri ne caturvidha saMgha kI jo sevA kI hai, vaha yuga yugAntara taka jaina itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM meM likhI jAtI rhegii| prAcArya abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAMga Adi 6 aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanAeM kaba kaba kIM, isa sambandha meM Age yathAsthAna isI prakaraNa meM prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| isase pUrva yahA~ pratyeka vijJa ke antarmana meM eka jijJAsA utpanna ho sakatI hai, usa para vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka hai| "prabhAvaka caritra"1 aura "kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI"-2 ina donoM granthoM meM samAna rUpa se ullekha kiyA 1. yatra sandihyate cetaH, praSTavyo'tra mayA sadA / zrImAn sImandhara svAmI, tatra gatvA dhRtiM kuru // 110 -prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 165 2. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI, pRSTha 6 /
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________________ 156 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 gayA hai ki jinazAsana kI adhiSThAtrI devI ne abhayadevasUri ke samakSa upasthita hokara unheM prAcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ko chor3a sthAnAMga Adi zeSa : aMga zAstroM para vRttiyoM kA nirmANa karane kI prArthanA kI / ukta donoM granthoM meM ullekha hai ki zAsanAdhiSThAtrI devI ke samakSa abhayadevasUri ne isa prakAra kI AzaMkA prakaTa kI ki gUDhArtha bhare ekAdazAMgI ke ina nau aMga zAstroM ke sUtroM, zabdoM Adi kI vyAkhyA karane meM unake jaisA alpajJa kaise sakSama ho sakatA hai ? gUDhArtha bhare saMzayAspada zabdoM yA sthaloM kI vyAkhyA karate samaya yadi unake dvArA ajJAnavaza zAstra kI mUla bhAvanA ke viparIta vyAkhyA kara dI gaI to usa utsUtra prarUpaNA ke aparAdha se unheM ananta ananta kAla taka saMsAra kI naraka, tiryaMca nigoda Adi yoniyoM meM bhaTakanA par3a sakatA hai / ina donoM granthoM ke ullekha ke anusAra zAsanadevI ne abhayadeva ko Azvasta karate hue kahA-"jahAM kahIM tumheM zaMkA ho, merA smaraNa kara lenaa| maiM tumhArI saba zaMkAoM ko sunakara mahAvideha kSetra meM virAjita tIrthaMkara prabhu sImandhara svAmI ke samakSa upasthita ho, unase zaMkAoM kA pUrNa rUpeNa nirAkaraNa prApta kara tumheM una se bhalI-bhAMti avagata karA duuNgii|" zAsana devI dvArA pradatta isa AzvAsana se abhayadevasUri santuSTa hue aura unhoMne navAMgI kI vRttiyoM kI racanA prArambha kara dI / ukta donoM granthoM meM yaha bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki navAMgI kI racanA karate samaya abhayadevasUri ko jina jina sthaloM para zaMkA utpanna huI, kiMcinmAtra bhI sandeha huA, unhoMne tatkAla zAsanadevatA kA smaraNa kiyA aura usane sImandhara svAmI se una zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna prApta kara una samAdhAnoM se zrI abhayadevasUri ko sadA avagata kara apanI pratijJA kA pUrI taraha se pAlana kiyA / ' yahAM pratyeka vijJa ke mana meM sahaja hI yaha jijJAsA utpanna ho sakatI hai ki kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI aura prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekhAnusAra jina zAsanaadhiSThAtrI devI ne abhayadevasUri kI zaMkAoM ko sImandhara svAmI ke samakSa upasthita kara prabhu se una zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna yA, abhayadevasUri kI vRttiyoM ke lekhana ke samaya sahAyatA kI hotI to abhayadevasUri sunizcita rUpa se isa prakAra ke camatkArika tathya kA sabhI vRttiyoM athavA kisI eka vRtti ke Adi meM nahIM to kama se kama anta meM dI gaI prazAsti meM to avazyameva ullekha karate / sthAnAMgAdi 1. (ka) ............niravAhyata devyA ca, pratijJA yA kRtA purA / / 113 / / -prabhAvakacaritra pRSTha 164 (kha) tatsthAnAt pattane samAyAtAH / karaDihaTTI vasatau sthitAH / tatra sthitanavAMgAnAM sthAnAMga prabhRtInAM vRttaya, kRtAH / yatra sandeha utpadyate smaraNa prastAve, jayA-vijayAjayanti-aparAjitA-devatAH smRtAH satyastIrthaMkara pArve mahAvidehegatvA tAn pRSTvA nissandehaM tatsthAnam kurvanti / -kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI pRSTha 7 /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 } abhayadevasUri f 157 nau aMgoM kI prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se aura ina para likhI gaI vRttiyoM kI parama pramANikatA prakaTa karane ke liye abhayadevasUri dvArA isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA jAnA to vastutaH anivArya rUpa se Avazyaka ho jAtA / yadi zAsana devI ne ina donoM granthakAroM ke ullekhAnusAra abhayadevasUri ke samakSa isa prakAra kI pratijJA kI hotI ki smaraNamAtra se hI saba zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna sImandhara svAmI se prApta karavA deMgI, aura isa prakAra kI pratijJA kA vastutaH zAsanAmarI ne nirvahana kiyA hotA aura devI dvArA samasta jinazAsana para aura svayaM abhayadevasUri para kiye gaye isa upakAra se uRNa hone ke sAtha 2 ina vRttiyoM ke mahatva ko parama prAmANika evaM sarvamAnya siddha karane ke liye bhI abhayadevasUri dvArA isa devI - sahAyatA kA ullekha kiyA jAnA na kevala nyAyasaMgata apitu prabhayadevasUri kA parama punIta paramAvazyaka karttavya thA / yadi abhayadevasUri dvArA yaha ullekha kiyA jAtA to Aja sampUrNa jaina jagat ke mAnasa para isa bAta kI amiTa chApa aMkita ho jAtI ki ye 8 hI vRttiyAM sarvajJa sarvadarzI viharamAna tIrthaMkara sImandhara svAmI dvArA samarthita hone ke kAraNa saMsAra meM parama prAmANika haiM / zAsana-surI dvArA sImandhara svAmI ke samakSa abhayadevasUri kI katipaya zaMkAnoM ke samAdhAnArtha rakkhe jAne kI dazA meM una zaMkAoM ke atirikta choTI-bar3I anyAnya sabhI prakAra kI zaMkAeM trikAladarzI tIrthaMkara se chipI nahIM raha sakatI thIM / aisI sthiti meM abhayadevasUri dvArA zAsana devI ke mAdhyama se rakkhI gaI zaMkAoM ke sAtha-sAtha abhayadevasUri ke antara meM uThI huI sabhI choTI bar3I zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna ghaTa ghaTa ke antaryAmI sImandhara svAmI avazyameva kara dete / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM sImandhara svAmI dvArA samarthita hone ke kAraNa na kevala aMgoM kI vRtiyA~ hI apitu navoM aMgasUtroM kA pratyeka akSara parama prAmArikatA kI parAkASThA ko bhI pAra kara jAtA aura ina saba para parama prAmANikatA kI doharI chApa aMkita ho jAtI / nau aMgoM kI vRttiyoM ke nirmANa jaise gurutara kArya ke niSpAdana meM unheM sahAyatA pradAna karane vAle nivRtti kula ke prajita siMha nAmaka AcArya ke ziSya yazodeva gariekA abhayadeva ne nAmollekha kiyA hai / " yahI nahIM, abhayadevasUri ne . sthAnAMga vRtti kI prazasti meM " droNAcAryAdibhiH prAjJairanekairAdritaM yataH || 6 ||" isa zlokArddha se isa vRtti kA saMzodhana kara isakA samAdara karane vAle droNAcArya kA bhI aura unake sAtha anya AcAryoM kA binA nAmollekha ke smaraNa kiyA hai / jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtravRtti kI prazasti meM bhI abhayadevasUri ne nirvRtaka kula rUpI gagana ke candra tulya sUri-mukhya droNAcArya kA sAdara smaraNa karate hue isa vRtti ... saMvigna munivarga zrImadajitasiMhAcAryAntevAsi yazodevagaraNa nAmadheya sAdhoruttarasAdhakasyaiva vidyAkriyApradhAnasya sAhAyyena samarthitam / 1. - sthAnAMgavRtti prazasti /
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________________ 158 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ke saMzodhaka ke rUpa meM sAbhAra smaraNa kiyA hai|' isI prakAra vipAka sUtra vRtti kI prazasti meM bhI abhayadevasUri ne droNAcArya kA isa vRtti ke saMzodhaka ke rUpa meM bar3e Adara ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai| ___ yaha jAnakara na kevala suvihita paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM athavA upAsakoM ko hI, apitu pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI ko sambhavataH AzcaryAbhibhUta honA par3egA ki jina droNAcArya kA abhayadeyasUri ne apanI katipaya vRttiyoM ke saMzodhaka ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai, ve droNAcArya caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryathe / isa tathya ko prakaTa karate hue kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalIkAra ne likhA hai : "11-tasmin prastAve devagRhanivAsyAcAryamukhyo droNAcAryo'sti / tenA'pi siddhAnto vyAkhyAtusamArabdhaH / sarve'pyAcAryAH kapalikAM gRhItvA zrotu samAgacchanti / tathA'bhayadevasUrirapi gacchati / sa cAcArya AtmasamIpe niSadyAM dApayati / yatra tatra vyAkhyAnaM kurvatastasya sandeha utpadyate, tadA nIcaiH svareNa tathA kathayati yathA'nye na zaNvanti / anyasmin dine yad vyAkhyAyate siddhAntasthAnaM tavRttirAnItA / etAM cintayitvA vyAkhyAyantu bhavantaH / yastAM pazyati sArthakAM, tasyA''zcayaM bhavati; vizeSeNa vyAkhyAturAcAryasya / sa cintayati-ki sAkSAdagaradharaiH kRtA'thavA'nenA'pi, tasmin viSaye'tIvAdaro manasi vihitaH / dvitIya dine sammukhamutthAtu pravRttaH / droNAcAryeNA'bhAriNa zrImadabhayadevasUrINAmagre--'yA vRttIH siddhAnte kariSyasi tAH sarvA mayA zodhanIyA lekhanIyAzca / '3 isase spaSTa rUpa se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki droNAcArya jo na kevala usa samaya taka mahAvarcasvazAlinI caityavAsI paramparA ke sarvAdhikAra sampanna pramukha prAcArya hI the, apitu ve apahilapura paTTaNanagara ke mahAn jaina saMgha ke pramukha the, unhoMne abhayadevasUri dvArA racita nau aMgoM kI vRttiyoM meM se katipaya vRttiyoM kA saMzodhana kiyaa| 1. nirvRttaka kula nabhastalacandradroNAkhyasUrimukhyena / paMDitaguNena guNavatpriyeNa saMzodhitA ceyam / / 10 / / ___-jJAtA dharmakathAMga vRtti prazasti / 2. praNahilapATakanagare zrImad droNAkhyasUrimukhyena / paMDitaguNena guNavatpriyeNa saMzodhitA ceyam / / 3 / / -vipAkasUtra vRtti prazasti / 3. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI pRSTha 7
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 156 prabhAvaka caritra ke racanAkAra itihAsamanISi AcArya prabhAcandra ne bhI apanI isa aitihAsika kRti meM yadyapi droNAcArya kA to zodhakartA ke rUpa meM nAma smaraNa nahIM kiyA hai kintu : mahAzrutadharaiH zodhitAsu tAsu cirantanaiH / UrIcakre tadA zrAddhaiH pustakAnAM ca lekhanam / / 114 / / ' isa zloka ke mAdhyama se spaSTa rUpeNa yaha prakaTa kiyA hai ki jJAnavayovRddha zrutadhara AcAryoM ne abhayadevasUri dvArA racita navAMgI vRttiyoM kA saMzodhana kiyA / ina saba ullekhoM para cintana-manana karane ke anantara do prazna pratyeka vijJa ke antarmana meM utpanna hote haiN| pahalA yaha ki yadi abhayadevasUri ne ina nau aMgoM kI vRttiyoM kI racanA karate samaya apane saba saMzayoM kA sImandhara svAmI se zAsana devatA ko saMzaya nivAraNa kA mAdhyama banA apane saba saMzayoM ke samAdhAna prApta kara lene ke pazcAt ina nau aMgoM kI vRttiyoM kI racanA kI hotI to zrI sImandhara svAmI dvArA kiye gaye spaSTIkaraNa ke anantara ina vRttiyoM kA caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya zrI droNasUri se athavA anya kisI zrutadhara prAcArya se saMzodhana karavAne kI kisI bhI sUrata meM AvazyakatA kyoM huI ? sarvajJa sarvadarzI prabhu sImandhara svAmI dvArA sabhI prakAra ke saMzayoM kA nivAraNa evaM spaSTIkaraNa kara diye jAne ke anantara kisI bhI prAcArya ke dvArA cAhe vaha gaNadhara hI kyoM na ho, una vRttiyoM ke saMzodhita karavAne kA aucitya kisI jar3amati kI samajha meM bhI kiMcitmAtra bhI yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM ho sakatA / isI prakAra dUsarA eka bar3A prazna upasthita hotA hai ki zAsana devI ne abhayadeva ke samakSa unake sabhI saMzayoM kA nivAraNa zrI sImandhara svAmI se prApta karavAne kI pratijJA kI aura usane apanI usa pratijJA kA pUrNa rUpeNa niSThApUrvaka nirvahana kiyaa| mahAvideha meM viharamAna jagadaikabandhu sImandhara svAmI ne dayA kara nava aMgoM viSayaka abhayadevasUri ke sabhI saMzayoM kA nivAraNa kara hamArI isa Arya dharA ke sampUrNa jaina saMgha ko cirakAla taka ke liye upakRta kiyaa| aisI dazA meM abhayadevasUri ne ina donoM ke prati kRtajJatApUrvaka AbhAra prakaTa kyoM nahIM kiyA ? sAdhAraNa sahAyatA karane vAle yazodevasUri aura caityavAsI prAcArya droNAcArya ke prati abhayadevasUri dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye AbhAra-pUrNa ullekha ko dekhakara to sImandhara svAmI aura zAsanadevI ke prati abharAdevasUri dvArA kRtajJatA prakaTa karane kA abhAva antarmana meM trizUla kI taraha khaTakatA hai, cubhatA hai / 1. prabhAvaka caritra, abhayadevasUri caritam zloka saM. 114 pRSTha 164
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________________ 160 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- bhAga 4 ina donoM bar3e praznoM ko lekara eka prakAra kI UhApohAtmaka sthiti pratyeka vyakti ke antarmana meM sahaja hI udbhUta ho sakatI hai ki zAsana devI ke mAdhyama se zrI abhayadevasuri ne apane saMzayoM kA nivAraNa sImandhara svAmI se prApta kiyA athavA nahIM / sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa sahAyaka kA apanI prazastiyoM meM smaraNa karane vAle kRtajJaziromaNi abhayadevasUri sImandhara svAmI aura zAsana devatA ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA kadApi nahIM bhUla sakate / para unhoMne aisA nahIM kiyA, isase kahIM aisA to nahIM hai ki zAsanAdhiSThAyikA devI dvArA sImandhara svAmI se abhayadevasUri kI zaMkAoM ke nivAraNa ke vivaraNoM kI uparyu llikhita granthoM ke racanAkAroM kI varNana zailI meM atiraMjanA kA puTa ho / isa prakAra kI UhApohAtmaka prazna bharI saMzayapUrNa sthiti kA yuktisaMgata samAdhAna yA to vijJa vicAraka hI kara sakate haiM yA koI viziSTa tattvajJAnI hii| jinazAsana ke prati zraddhA bhakti rakhane vAle pratyeka svaccha saralamanA vyakti ke mAnasa meM ukta donoM granthoM ke etadviSayaka ullekhoM ko dekhakara sahaja hI yaha prazna taraMgita ho sakatA hai ki yadi isa prakAra vIra nirvANa kI solahavIM-satrahavIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya abhayadevasUri dvArA jinazAsana-adhiSThAyikA devI ke mAdhyama se mahAvideha meM viharamAna sImandhara svAmI se apane saMzayoM kA nivAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai to vIra nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM hue anupama kAmajayI prAcArya sthUlibhadra, vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue Arya rakSita, aura vIra nirvANa kI terahavIM zatAbdI (1227 se 1267 ke bIca kI avadhi) meM hue AcArya haribhadra kramazaH kevala dasa pUrvadhara, pATha pUrvadhara evaM dImakoM dvArA khA lI gaI mahAnizItha kI prati ke apUrNoddhAraka nahIM raha jAte / AcArya prabhAcandrasUri ne prabhAvaka caritra meM yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki zAsana devI kI sahAyatA se abhayadevasUri ne navAMgoM ke pAThoM ke sambandha meM apanI saba zaMkAoM kA sImandhara svAmI se samAdhAna prApta kara navAMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA kii| devI kI sahAyatA se apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna prApta karane vAle abhayadevasUri se kevala 200 varSa pazcAt prabhAvaka caritra kI racanA karane vAle AcArya prabhAcandra bhI itihAsa sambandhI apanI ulajhanoM ko devI kI sahAyatA se sulajhA sakate the kintu prAcArya hemacandrasUri ke pariziSTa parva meM ullikhita AcAryoM ke caritra se Age vikrama samvat 434 taka kA jainAcAryoM kA kramabaddha itihAsa likhane ke apane saMkalpa meM ve saphala ho sake / ve kevala 23 prAcAryoM kA hI jIvanavRtta likha sake, jinameM katipaya prAcArya caityavAsI paramparA ke bhI sammilita haiN| svayaM se 200 varSa pUrva hue abhayadevasUri kI bhAMti ve bhI yadi zAsana devatA kI sahAyatA prApta kara lete to unheM :
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 161 zrIvajrAdanupravRtaprakaTa munipatipRSThavRttAni tattad granthebhyaH kAnicicca zrutadharamukhataH kAnicit saMkalayya / duSprApatvAdamISAM vizakalitatayaikatra citrAvadAtaM jijJAsaikAgrahANAmadhigatavidhaye'bhyuccayaM sa pratene / / 17 / / isa zloka ke mAdhyama se yaha prakaTa karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hotI ki Arya vajra ke pazcAdvartI katipaya AcAryoM ke aitihya ko unhoMne prAcIna granthoM se, katipaya ke jIvana-vRtta ko zrutadharoM ke mukhAravinda se saMkalita kiyA hai / vastutaH pUrvAcAryoM kA itivRtta Aja bar3A duSprApya, khaNDita-vikhaNDita ho gayA hai ata: use ekatra-saMkalita kara likhA hai| isa sabake atirikta eka AzcaryakArI tathya yaha hai ki prabhAvaka caritra meM abhayadevasUri ke jIvana caritra ke sambandha meM ullikhita vivaraNa ko yadi tathya kI kasauTI para kasA jAya to sAmpradAyika vyAmoha-vimugdha evaM pUrvAgraha-grasta aneka logoM ko bar3I nirAzA hogii| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaisA ki abhI-abhI batAyA jA cukA hai AcArya abhayadevasUri ne navAMgI vRttiyoM kI racanA anahillapura paTTaNa meM kii| isa prakAra kA ullekha svayaM abhayadevasUri ne apanI katipaya vRttiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM kiyA hai| isake viparIta prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne palyapadrapura meM ina vRttiyoM kI abhayadevasUri dvArA racanA kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai / 'abhayadevasUricaritam' ke zloka saMkhyA 66 ke antima zlokArddha "yazobhirviharanprApa palyapadrapuraM zanaiH" aura zloka saMkhyA 116 kA antima zlokArddha "prajAnantazca tanmUlyaM zrAvakA pattanaM yayuH" spaSTataH isa bAta ko prakaTa karatA hai ki abhayadevasUri ne navAMgI vRttiyoM kI racanA praNa hillapura paTTaNa meM nahIM apitu palyapadrapura meM kii| prabhAcandrasUri kI isa bhUla se isa anumAna ko bala milatA hai ki zAsanadevI viSayaka unake dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA vivaraNa bhI navAMgI vRttiyoM ke racanAsthala ke samAna avizvasanIya ho sakatA hai / sImandhara svAmI se apanI zaMkAoM kA nivAraNa karane meM abhayadevasUri ne zAsanadevI kI sahAyatA viSayaka koI ullekha apanI vRttiyoM meM nahIM kiyA hai, isase kisI bhI vijJa dvArA yahI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki apanI zaMkAoM ke nivAraNa meM devI kI sahAyatA nahIM prApta huI / isa anumAna kI puSTi abhayadevasUri dvArA apanI vRttiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM diye gaye nimna likhita padyoM athavA padyAMzoM se hotI hai : 1. dekhiye samavAyAMga, vyAkhyA prajJapti, jJAtAdharma kathAMga aura vipAka sUtroM ke anta meM dI huI prshstiyaaN| -sampAdaka
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________________ 162 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "thUNAni sambhavantIha, kevalaM suviveki bhiH / siddhAntAnugato yo'rthaH, so'smAd grAhyo na cetaraH / / 3 / / zodhyaM caitajjine bhaktairmAmavardiyAparaiH / saMsAra kAraNAd ghorAdapasiddhAntadezanAt / / 4 / / "1 sAra rUpa meM kahA jAya to anantakAla taka bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM bhaTakAne vAle utsUtra vyAkhyAna athavA prarUpaNa ke bhaya se bhIru bane abhayadevasUri ne ati vinamra zabdoM meM svayaM dvArA aneka prakAra kI truTiyAM hone kI sambhAvanA vyakta karate hue kSamAyAcanApUrvaka jinabhakta vidvajjanoM se una truTiyoM ko zuddha kara lene kI prArthanA kI hai| duHsampradAyAdasadUhanAdvA, bhagiSyate yadvitathaM myeh| taddhIdhanaiminukampayadbhiH, zodhyaM matArthakSatirastu maiva / / 2 / / arthAt paramparAgata artha ke abhAva athavA ajJAna ke kAraNa isa samavAyAMga vRtti meM mere dvArA sambhAvita viparIta prarUpaNa ko vidvajjana zodhane kI kRpA kareM / 2, "zAstrArthe me vacanamanaghaM durlabhamiha // 3 // " tathA "tataH siddhAnta tatvajJaiH svayamuhyaH prayatnataH na punarasmadAkhyAta eva grAhyo niyogataH / / 4 / / "3 arthAt mere dvArA siddhAntoM se viparIta isa vRtti meM likha diyA gayA ho to usako vidvajjana zuddha kara leM / kevala mere dvArA likhita vivaraNa ko hI niyogavazAt grahaNa na kreN| mere dvArA batAyA gayA artha hI satya aura nirdoSa ho, yaha to yahAM kahanA sambhava nahIM hai| isI prakAra antakRddazAMga vRtti ke anta meM abhayadevasUri ne likhA hai:zabdAH kecana nArthato'tra viditAH kecittu paryAyataH, sUtrArthAnugateH samUhya bhaNato yajjAtamAgaH padam / vRttAvatra takat jinezvaravacobhASAvidhau kovidaH, saMzodhyaM vihitAdaraijinamatopekSA yato. na kSamA / arthAt katipaya zabdoM ke artha evaM katipaya zabdoM ke paryAya-paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA jJAna na hone ke kAraNa isa antakRddazA vRtti meM truTiyoM kA rahanA svAbhAvika hai| jinezvara kI vANI meM niSNAta aAdaraNIya vidvajjana merI una truTiyoM kA 1. sthAnAMga vRtti kI prazasti abhayadevakRta 2. samavAyAMga vRtti kA prArambhika bhAga abhayadevakRta 3. jJAtAdharma kathAMga vRtti prazasti abhayadevakRta
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 163 saMzodhana kara leM kyoMki jinezvara dvArA prarUpita mata kI upekSA karanA kabhI kSamya nahIM hai|' vipAkavRtti kI prazasti meM bhI anya vRttiyoM kI bhAMti vRttigata truTiyoM ko zuddha karane kI nimnalikhita zloka dvArA prArthanA kI hai : ihAnuyoge yadayuktamukta, tad dhIdhanA drAk parizodhayantu / nopekSaNaM yuktimadatra yena jinAgame bhaktiparAyaNAnAm / / prabhAvaka caritrakAra aura kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalikAra ke ullekhAnusAra yadi ye vRttiyAM devI kI sahAyatA ke mAdhyama se sImandhara svAmI se abhayadevasUri ke saMzayoM ke nivAraNa hone ke pazcAt likhI jAtI to na to vRttikAra ko utsUtra bhASaNa kI, siddhAntoM se viparIta vyAkhyA karane kI AzaMkA hI zeSa rahatI aura na unheM vidvajjanoM se isa prakAra bAra-bAra kSamA-yAcanA karane kI hI AvazyakatA hotI / jainetara athavA pAzcAtya vidvAn isa sandarbha meM apanA koI abhimata vyakta kareM, usase pUrva hI sambhAvita sabhI tathyoM ko yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| jisase ki pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI isa viSaya para taTastha bhAva se vicAra kara ske| abhayadevasUri ke dAdA guru varddhamAnasUri dvArA kriyoddhAra karane, zramaNajIvana meM zithilAcAra ke viruddha jana-jana ke mana meM navacetanA jAgRta karane tathA inake guru jinezvarasUri dvArA aNahillapura paTTaNa meM caityavAsI paramparAoM se bhinna jaina paramparAoM ke sAdhu sAdhvI varga para praveza viSayaka lagI rAjakIya niSedhAjJA ko nirasta karavAne ke samaya se hI prAcArya varddhamAnasUri kI, kAlAntara meM kharataragaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta huI paramparA ke sAdhuoM ke sAtha caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhuoM kA vyavahAra prAyaH kaTutApUrNa calA A rahA thA, kintu abhayadevasUri kI vinamratA aura unake prAgama viSayaka talasparzI gahana jJAna ke kAraNa caityavAsI paramparA ke pradhAnAcArya bhI unakA bar3A sammAna karate the| isa sambandha meM kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI kA ullekha draSTavya hai, jisakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : "abhayadevasUri jisa samaya aNahillapura paTTaNa karaDihaTTI nAmaka vasati meM virAja rahe the, usa samaya usa nagara meM caityavAsI paramparA ke pramukha AcArya droNAcArya ne aMga zAstroM para vivecanAtmaka vyAkhyAna denA prArambha kiyaa| pATana meM vidyamAna sabhI prAcArya kapalikAeM (sambhavataH lakar3I kI takhtI jisa para patra rakha kara vyAkhyA ke samaya smaraNIya Avazyaka aMza likhe jAte haiM) lekara aMgoM kI vyAkhyA sunane ke liye upasthita hote the| 1 antakRddazAvRtti prazasti /
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________________ 164 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 abhayadevasUri bhI vahAM jAte the / droNAcArya sadA abhayadevasUri ko apane pAsa meM hI eka grAsana para biThAte the| sUtroM kI vyAkhyA karate samaya jisa kisI sthala para unheM grartha viSayaka sandeha utpanna ho jAtA vahAM ve aise manda svara se bolate ki jisase dUsaroM ko kucha bhI sunAI na de / droNAcArya ko dUsare dina jina-jina sUtroM kI vyAkhyA karanI thI, abhayadevasUri dUsare dina una para svayaM dvArA racita vRtti lekara vyAkhyAna sthala para pahuMce aura unhoMne droNAcArya se nivedana kiyA ki isa vRtti ko dekhakara, isa para manana karake Apa grAja ke sUtroM kI vyAkhyA kIjiye / usa vRti ke kucha aMzoM ko par3hate hI sabhI caityavAsI grAcArya camatkRta ho gaye, droNAcArya ke Azcarya kA to pArAvAra hI nahIM rahA / usa vRtti ko par3hate hue droNAcArya vicAra karane lage :- "kyA isa vRtti kA nirmANa sAkSAt gaNadharoM ne kiyA hai athavA yaha ina abhayadevasUri dvArA hI racita hai / droNAcArya ke mAnasa meM abhayadeva ke prati pragAr3ha grAdara bhAva jAgRta huyA / dUsare dina bhayadevasUri ko vyAkhyAna sthala para prAte dekhakara unakI agavAnI ke liye droNAcArya apane grAsana se uTha khar3e ho gaye / suvihita paramparA ke eka prAcArya ke prati apanI caityavAsI paramparA ke sabase bar3e prAcArya, droNAcArya kA isa prakAra kA grAdara-bhAva dekhakara ve sabhI caityavAsI prAcArya ruSTa ho, uTha khar3e hue aura apanI-apanI vasati kI ora lauTa gaye / apane-apane maTha meM jAkara unhoMne droNAcArya se kahalavAyA "isameM ( bhayadevasUri meM ) hamase adhika aisI kyA vizeSatA hai, aisA kyA guNa hai ki jisake kAraNa hamAre pramukha prAcArya unake prati isa prakAra kA Adara-bhAva prakaTa karate haiM ? anya paramparA ke prAcArya ke prati isa prakAra kA grAdarabhAva prakaTa kiyA jAyagA to hamArI kyA sthiti hogI ?" ruSTa caityavAsI AcAryoM kI isa prakAra kI pArasparika mantraraNA se avagata hote hI guNagrAhI vidvAn droNAcArya ne eka zloka kI racanA kI aura usakI aneka pratiyAM likhavAkara sabhI caityavAsI prAcAryoM ke pAsa aneka maThoM meM bhijavA dIM / vaha zloka isa prakAra hai : AcAryAH pratisadma santi mahimA yeSAmapi prAkRtairmAtuM nA'dhyavasIyate sucaritaisteSAM pavitraM jagat / ekenA'pi guNena kintu jagati prajJAdhanAH sAmprataM, yo dhatte'bhayadevasUrisamatAM so'smAkamAvedyatAm // arthAt yoM to sabhI maTha, upAzrayoM, Adi dharmasthAnoM meM bahuta se aise AcArya haiM, jinake nirmala caritra se yaha jagatI - tala pavitra bana gayA hai, jinakI mahimA kA koI sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI anumAna nahIM lagA sakatA, kintu kyA grAMja ke yuga meM koI eka bhI aisA vidvAn prAcArya hai, jo kisI eka guraNa meM bhI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 165 abhayadevasUri ke samakSa Thahara sakatA ho ? yadi koI aisA ho to vaha hameM batalAveM / isa zloka ko par3hate hI sabhI caityavAsI prAcArya hataprabha ho pUrNataH zAnta ho gaye aura abhayadeva sUri dvArA racita vRttiyoM ke AdhAra para caityavAsI pramukha AcArya droNAcArya aMga zAstroM kI vyAkhyA pahale kI bhAMti karane lge| yaha saba prAcArya abhayadevasUri kI uccakoTi kI vidvattA evaM vinamratA kA hI camatkAra thA ki suvihita paramparA kI nitAnta virodhinI caityavAsI paramparA ke pramukha prAcArya bhI antarmana se unakA Adara karane lge| abhayadevasUri kI guNajJatA kA eka isI udAharaNa se bhalIbhAMti anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne caityavAsI paramparA ke vidvAn pramukha prAcArya droNAcArya se apanI vRttiyoM kA saMzodhana karavAkara na kevala unakI vidvattA ko sammAnita hI kiyA apitu usase pUrNarUpeNa lAbha bhI utthaayaa| ina saba guNoM ke atirikta pratibhA kI parakha aura satpAtra ke cayana guNa . meM bhI ve apratima the| isa sambandha meM jinavallabhasUri kA udAharaNa ullekhanIya hai| kUrcapurIya caityavAsI AcArya jinezvarasUri ne apane jinavallabha nAmaka eka medhAvI ziSya ko abhayadevasUri ke pAsa aMga zAstroM ke adhyayana ke liye bhejaa| zikSArthI para prathama dRSTi nikSepa se hI unhoMne anubhava kara liyA ki yaha zikSArthI Age calakara eka ucca koTi kA vidvAn aura zAsana prabhAvaka hogaa| unhoMne bar3e sneha se zikSArthI jinavallabha ko siddhAntoM ke zikSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI vidyAoM kA talasparzI adhyayana karavAyA aura use vidvAnoM meM agraNI banA diyA / abhayadevasUri ke pAsa siddhAntoM evaM vibhinna vidyAoM kA adhyayana karane ke anantara apane caityavAsI guru ke pAsa jA unheM spaSTa rUpa se kaha diyA-"maiM sva-para-kalyANa kI kAmanA se caityavAsa kA parityAga kara suvihita paramparA ke AcArya abhayadeva kA ziSyatva svIkAra kruuNgaa|" guru dvArA punaH punaH anurodha kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI jinavallabhasUri ne caityavAsa kA parityAga kara diyA aura jIvana bhara suvihita paramparA ke pracAraprasAra evaM utkarSa ke lie samarpita rahe / __ kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra prAcArya abhayadevasUri mahAn ucca koTi ke nimitajJa athavA bhaviSya kathana meM advitIya the| isa ullekhAnusAra AcArya abhayadevasUri vihAra krama se pAlhaudA (prabhAvaka caritra meM ullikhita pAlyapadrapura) nAmaka grAma meM phuNce| isa grAma ke rahane vAle zrAvaka abhayadevasUri ke parama bhakta the| una zrAvakoM kA videzoM meM dUra-dUra samudra pAra taka
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vyApAra calatA thaa| jisa samaya abhayadevasUri usa nagara meM padhAre usase pahale hI una zrAvakoM ke jahAja vyApArArtha samudra pAra ke dezoM ke liye bheja diye gaye the| ve jahAja videzoM se mAla lekara bhArata kI ora lauTa rahe the, usa samaya yaha bAta cAroM ora phaila gaI ki ve jahAja samudra meM DUba gaye haiN| isa prakAra kI bAta sunakara una zrAvakoM ko bar3A duHkha huaa| zoka sAgara meM nimagna rahane ke kAraNa ve loga paryApta vilamba ke pazcAt AcAryazrI kI sevA meM vandanArtha upasthita hue| derI kA kAraNa pUchane para una zrAvakoM ne jahAja DUbane viSayaka apuSTa samAcAroM kI bAta prAcAryazrI se nivedita kI aura kahA ki hama loga isa cintA ke kAraNa vilamba se A sake haiN| zrAvakoM kI bAta sunakara kucha kSaNa taka dhyAnastha rahane ke pazcAt abhayadevasUri ne kahA--"isa viSaya meM tumheM kisI prakAra kI cintA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / tumhAre jahAja surakSita haiM aura zIghra hI yahAM Ane vAle haiN|" dUsare hI dina una vyApAriyoM ke sevaka ne Akara sUcita kiyA ki jahAja surakSita avasthA meM A gaye haiM aura unase samasta krayANaka utAra liyA gayA hai| yaha sunate hI una zrAvakoM ke harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| sabhI ne paraspara mantraNA kara samaveta svaroM meM abhayadevasUri ke samakSa upasthita ho apanA aTala nizcaya sunAyA--"prAcAryadeva ! hamAre ina jahAjoM dvArA lAye gaye RyANaka se hama sabako jitanA lAbha hogA, usakA AdhA bhAga hama Apa dvArA nirmita siddhAntoM, vRttiyoM aura sAhitya ke likhavAne meM vyaya kreNge|" abhayadeva sUri ne kahA-'yaha to tumhAre liye mukti-gamana meM sahAyaka hogA / tumhAre pariNAma bar3e sundara haiN| acche kArya karane meM to sadA tatpara rahanA caahiye|" katipaya dinoM taka 'pAlha udrA' nagara meM rahane ke anantara prAcArya abhayadeva sUri punaH aNahillapura paTTaNa lauTa aaye| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra abhayadevasUri dvArA pratibodhita do zrAvakoM ne zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM ke pAlana aura samAdhi-pUrvaka maraNa ke kAraNa svargagati prApta kii| kahA jAtA hai ki donoM devoM ne sImandhara aura yugamandhara svAmI ko vandana karane ke pazcAt unase prazna kiyA ki unake guru abhayadevasUri kaunase bhava meM mukti prApta kareMge / "tIsare bhava meM abhayadevasUri siddha-buddha-mukta ho jaaeNge|" prabhu ke mukha se yaha uttara sunakara deva bar3e prasanna hue aura unhoMne abhayadevasUri ke samakSa upasthita ho unheM bhI yaha susaMvAda sunaayaa| punaH deva-loka kI ora lauTate hue una donoM ne harSAtirekavazAt eka gAthA kA uccAraNa kiyA jo gurvAvalI meM isa prakAra uddha ta hai :.. bhariNayaM titthayarehi, mahAvidehe bhavaMmi taiyaMmi / tumhANa ceva guravo, mutti sigdhaM gamissaMti / /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 167 svAdhyAya karatI huI eka sAdhvI ne devoM ke mukha se usa gAthA ko sunA / paramparA se samAgata isa gAthA ko gurvAvalikAra ne gurvAvalI meM nibaddha kiyA / ina saba ullekhoM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki abhayadevasUri prati mRdu maMjula evaM janamanAkarSaka prakRti ke apane yuga ke apratima udbhaTa vidvAn aura jana-jana ko prabhAvita karane vAle lokapriya AcArya the / zrI abhayadevasUri ne navaaMgoM para vRttiyoM kI evaM paramopayogI sAhityagranthoM kI racanA kara jinazAsana kI jo mahatI sevA kI hai, vaha jaina itihAsa meM sadA svarNAkSaroM meM likhI jAyegI, AgamoM ke tala sparzI jJAna kA arjana karane ke abhiSeka bhavya prANiyoM dvArA niHsIma zraddhA ke sAtha smaraNa kI jAtI rahegI / abhayadevasUri dvArA jo vipula sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA, usakA sAra rUpa meM paricaya yahAM diyA jA rahA hai : 1. 2. 3. sthAnAMga vRtti -- ekAdazAMgI ke tRtIya aMga sthAnAMga para Apane 14250 zloka pramAraNa vRtti kA vikrama saM. 1920 meM nirmANa kiyA / isa kArya meM saMvigna pakSa ke AcArya ajitasiMha ke ziSya yazodevagaraNa ne ApakI sahAyatA kI / isa vRtti ko AdyopAnta dekhakara droNAcArya Adi aneka vidvAnoM ne sarAhanA kI / abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAMga vRtti ke nirmANasthala kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / 5. samavAyAMga vRtti - cauthe aMga samavAyAMga para Apane 6575 zloka pramANa vRtti kA vikrama saM0 1920 meM araNa hillapura paTTaNa meM nirmANa kiyA / vyAkhyA prajJapti vRtti - ekAdazAMgI ke paMcama aMga vyAkhyA prajJapti ( viyAha paraNatti - bhagavatIsUtra ) para Apane 18616 zloka pramANa vRtti kI vikrama saM. 2028 meM aNahillapura paTTaNa nagara meM racanA sampanna kI / 4. jJAtAdharmakathAMgavRtti - ekAdazAMgI ke chaThe aMga jJAtAdharma kathA para Apane 3800 zloka pramANa vRtti kI racanA vikrama saM. 1120 kI vijayAdazamI ke dina arAhillapura paTTaNa nagara meM sampanna kii| isa vRtti kA nirvRtaka kula ke prAcArya droNasUri ne saMzodhana kiyA / 1 upAsakadazAMga vRtti - ekAdazAMgI ke sAtaveM aMga upAsaka dazAMga para Apane 1812 zloka pramANa vRtti kI racanA sampanna kI / isake nirmANa sthala va samvat kA bhI vRttikAra ne koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai /
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________________ 168 ]. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 6. antakRddazAMga vRtti- ekAdazAMgI ke AThaveM aMga antakRtadazA para Apane 866 zloka parimAraNa vRtti kA nirmANa kiyaa| vRtti ke nirmANa kAla va sthAna kA isameM ullekha nahIM hai| anuttaropapAtikadazAMga vRtti-ekAdazAMgI ke navameM aMga anuttaraupapAtika dazA vRtti kI racanA kii| isa vRtti meM bhI racanAkAla. evaM racanAsthala kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| praznavyAkaraNa vatti-ekAdazAMgI ke dasaveM aMga zAstra praznavyAkaraNa kI 1630 zloka pramANa vRtti kI racanA kii| racanAkAla evaM sthala kA ullekha isameM bhI nahIM miltaa| vipAka vRtti-ekAdazAMgI ke gyArahaveM aMga vipAka sUtra para Apane 3125 zloka pramANa vRtti kI araNahillapura paTTaNa nagara meM racanA sampanna kI / isa vRtti ko bhI AcArya droNAcArya ne saMzodhita kiyaa| isa vRtti ke anta meM isake racanAkAla aura racanA samvat kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yaha pahale hI spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki ekAdazAMgI ke prathama aMga prAcArAMga evaM dvitIya aMga sutrakRtAMga para prAcArya zIlAMka dvArA racita TIkAeM upalabdha haiM, isI kAraNa abhayadevasUri ne ina donoM sUtroM para vRttiyoM kA nirmANa nahIM kiyaa| 6 aMgoM para uparivariNata : vRttiyoM kI racanA ke atirikta abhayadevasUri ne aupapAtika nAmaka upAMga para bhI 3125 zloka parimANa vRtti kI racanA kii| uparivariNata 6 aMgoM aura 1 upAMga para kula 10 vRttiyoM kI racanA ke atirikta AcArya abhayadevasari ne prajJApanA tRtIya pada-saMgrahaNI, paMcAzaka vatti, jayatihuyaNa stotra, paMcaninthI aura SaSTha karmagrantha-saptatikAbhASya kI bhI racanA kii| A0 abhayadevasUri dvArA 6 aMgoM para racita ye vRttiyAM ina (navoM hI) aMgoM ke gUDhArthapUrNa sUtroM aura zabdoM para spaSTa prakAza DAlane vAlI haiN| na to ye ati saMkSipta haiM aura na hI ati vistArapUrNa / sUtrArtha spazinI evaM zabdArtha vivecana pradhAna zailI ko apanA kara bhI abhayadevasUri ne ina vRttiyoM meM jahAM-jahAM unheM AvazyakatA pratIta huI, zabdoM aura sUtra ke artha kA subodha zailI meM aisA sundara DhaMga se vivecana kiyA hai ki AgamoM ke adhyayana meM ruci rakhane vAlA jijJAsu sUtroM evaM zabdoM ke gahana-gUr3ha rahasya ko bhalI-bhAMti hRdayaMgama karane meM sakSama ho sakatA hai| apanI vivecanazailI ko sUtra tathA zabdoM ke artha taka hI sImita na rakha kara
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri vRttikAra ne na kevala saiddhAntika tattvoM aura dArzanika tathyoM para hI prakAza DAlA hai apitu yatra-tatra mAnava jIvana se colI-dAmana kA sA sambandha rakhane vAle sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika viSayoM para prakAza DAlane meM bhI ve sajaga rahe haiN| ataH ina vRttiyoM ke adhyayana, nididhyAsana se adhyetA ko sahaja hI yaha anubhava hone lagatA hai ki abhayadevasUri ne ina ha vRttiyoM ke rUpa meM vastutaH use pAgamoM ke nigUr3ha rahasya ko udghATita kara dene vAlI 6 kuJjiyAM hI pradAna kara dI haiN| vRttiyoM kI racanA ke gurutara kArya ko hAtha meM lete hI abhayadevasUri ke samakSa upasthita huI kaThinAiyoM para svayaM ne prakAza DAlA hai| unake dvArA satsampradAyahInatA isa zloka ke mAdhyama se unake vAstavika sUtrArtha kA yathAtathya rUpeNa bodha karAne vAlI guru-paramparA kA abhAva Adi jo bar3I-bar3I 6 kaThinAiyAM prakaTa kI gaI haiM, una kaThinAiyoM ke uparAnta bhI abhayadevasUri ne jisa sugamyasubodha sarala evaM sundara zailI meM isa gurutara kArya ke niSpAdana meM jo prathama prayAsa kiyA hai, usa prayAsa ko yadi bhagIratha prayAsa kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAya to bhI koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| nau aMgoM kI navoM vRttiyoM kI pratilipiyA~ likhavAne ke sambandha meM prabhAvaka caritrakAra aura kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalIkAra ne eka dUsare se bhinna do prakAra ke ullekha kiye haiN| prabhAcandrasUri dvArA prabhAvaka caritra meM nibaddha etadviSayaka vivaraNa kA sAra isa prakAra hai : . "sthAnAGgAdi aMgoM para abhayadevasUri dvArA prArambha kiye gaye kArya ke sampanna ho jAne aura mahAn zrutadharoM dvArA una vRttiyoM meM Avazyaka saMzodhana kara diye jAne para zrAvakoM ne una vRttiyoM kI pratilipiyA~ taiyAra arthAt vRttiyA~ likhavAne kA kArya hAtha meM liyaa| usa samaya zAsana devI abhayadevasUri ke samakSa ekAnta meM upasthita huI aura usane sUrivara se nivedana kiyA--"prabho! ina navoM vRttiyoM kI prathama pratiyA~ mere dravya se likhavAI jAya~ / " yaha kahakara zAsanAdhinAyikA ne apanA eka svarNa nirmita divya AbhUSaNa upAzraya ke mukhya dvAra ke Upara rakha diyA aura devI tatkAla adRzya ho gii| - bhikSAcarI kara lauTe sAdhu sUrya ke samAna daidIpyamAna usa adbhut AbhUSaNa ko dekhakara camatkRt evaM AzcaryAbhibhUta ho utthe| unhoMne abhayadevasUri se usa viSaya meM jaba jijJAsA kI to unhoMne vAstavika vRtAnta apane ziSyoM ko sunAkara unheM pramukha zrAvakoM ko bulavAne kA nirdeza diyaa| zrAvaka upAzraya meM AcArya zrI ke samakSa upasthita hue| unhoMne usa devI AbhUSaNa ko acchI taraha dekhA para usa anamola AbhUSaNa ke mUlya ke sambandha meM nitAnta anabhijJa zrAvaka usa mudrikA athavA AbhUSaNa ko lekara anahilapura pattana gye| pattana ke pramukha jauharI aura zreSThivara bhI jaba usa amUlya AbhUSaNa ke mUlya kA nirNaya na kara sake, to unhoMne
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________________ 170 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 paraspara mantraraNA kara yaha nirNaya kiyA ki gurjarezvara mahArAjA bhIma ke samakSa isa divya AbhUSaNa ko prastuta kara diyA jAya aura ve isakA jo bhI mUlya deM, vahI le liyA jAya, kyoMki isakA mUlya nirdhArita karane meM koI zreSThivara sakSama nahIM hai / isa prakAra mantraraNA kara pATaraMga ke pramukha zreSThiyoM kA samUha mahArAjA bhIma ke samakSa upasthita huA aura vaha adbhut zrAbhUSaraNa usane rAjA ko dikhAyA / palyapadra pura ke zrAvakoM se usa AzcaryakArI prAbhUSaraNa ke sambandha meM pUre vRtAnta ko sunakara rAjA bhIma bar3A hI pramudita evaM santuSTa huA / vaha bolA - " tapasvI mahAtmAoM ko samarpita kI gaI vastu binA mUlya ke maiM grahaNa nahIM karUMgA / " zreSThi samUha ne rAjA bhIma ko nivedana kiyA ki usa AbhUSaNa kA jo bhI mUlya batAyeMge, vahI saba ke liye svIkArya evaM sarvamAnya hogA / isa para mahArAjA bhIma ne usa devI AbhUSaNa kA mUlya tIna lAkha dramma mudrA zreSThi pramukhoM ko rAjakoSa se dilavAkara use kraya kara liyA / una zreSThiyoM ne devI AbhUSaNa ke mUlya ke rUpa rAjA bhIma se prApta huI tIna lAkha dramma kI dravya rAzi se una navoM hI aMgoM kI pratilipiyA~ taiyAra karavA kara abhayadevasUri ko samarpita kara dIM / isake anantara pATaNa, tAmralipti, AzApallI aura dhavallaka nagara ke 84 catura zrAvakoM ne una pratiyoM se aura bhI aneka pratilipiyA~ pracura mAtrA meM likhavA kara abhayadevasUri ko samarpita kIM / " 1 prabhAvaka caritrakAra dvArA ullikhita isa udanta ke viparIta 'kharataragaccha vRhada gurvAvalI' ke racanAkAra ne apanI kRti meM navAGgI vRttiyoM kI pustakeM likhavAne ke viSaya meM eka aura hI prakAra kA kathAnaka prastuta kiyA hai| gurvAvalikAra ke anusAra, jaisA ki pahale abhayadevasUri ke jIvana vRtta ke sandarbha meM likhA jA cukA hai ki jisa samaya abhayadevasUri navAGgIvRttiyoM ke nirmANa ke pazcAt pATaNa se vihAra kara pAlhaudA nAmaka grAma meM padhAre, usa samaya vahA~ samudra mArga se videzoM ke sAtha vyApAra karane vAle bhakta zrAvakoM ko janazruti ke rUpa meM eka sUcanA milI ki unake krayAraNaka se bhare jahAja samudra meM DUba gaye haiM / ve zrAvaka abhayadevasUri ke parama bhakta the / ve pratidina niyamita samaya para * apane prAcAryadeva ke darzanArtha unake upAzraya meM jAte the| usa dina apane jahAjoM ke samudra meM DUba jAne kA udanta sunakara ve zoka sAgara meM nimagna ho gaye / isI kAraNa ve niyata samaya se bar3I dera pazcAt taka bhI guru darzana hetu upAzraya meM nahIM pahu~ce / isa apratyAzita asAdhAraNa vilamba ko dekhakara abhayadevasUrI ko AbhAsa ho gayA ki nitya prati niyamita rUpa se niyata samaya para Ane vAle zrAvakoM ke Ane meM vilamba kA koI vizeSa kAraNa honA cAhiye / unhoMne sandeza bhejakara unheM upAzraya prabhAvaka caritra, abhayadevasUri caritam, zloka 115 se 125 / 1.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 171 meM Ane kA iMgita kiyA / apane pArAdhya AcArya deva kA iMgita pAte hI ve zrAvaka tatkAla abhayadevasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hue aura samaya para apane na pA sakane ke liye zoka prakaTa karate hue bole - "gurudeva ! aAja hameM atIva zokaprada samAcAra mile haiM ki bahumUlya krayANaka se lade hamAre jahAja saMbhavata: samudra meM DUba gaye haiN| isI apratyAzita apUraNIya kSati ke samAcAra se sAgara meM nimagna hamAre jalapotoM kI bhAMti hamAre mana-mastiSka bhI asantulita evaM asta-vyasta ho zoka sAgara meM nimagna ho gaye haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki khAne-pIne ke sAtha hI hama loga apane Izvara tulya ArAdhya deva ke darzana karanA bhI bhUla gaye the| aba apane AzA kendra prApa zrI ke prazAnta sudhAsAgaropaya zAntipradAyaka tapopUta mukhAravinda ke darzana kara zokasAgara se ubara prazAnta sudhAsAgara meM nimagna ho gaye haiN| he kSamAsAgara deva ! apane ina ajJa dAsoM ke aparAdha ko kSamA pradAna kara diijiye|" yaha kahate hue ve zraddhAlu zrAvaka abhayadevasUri ke caraNoM para loTa-poTa ho gye| apane puNDarIka puSpopama locana yugala ko nimIlita kara prAcAryazrI abhayadevasUri kSaNa bhara dhyAnamudrA meM cintana karane ke anantara apane kamala dalAyata visphArita netra yugala se sudhAvRSTi karate hue bole :--- "isa viSaya meM to Apa logoM ko kiJcitmAtra bhI cintita hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai|" . apane agama jJAnI ArAdhya AcAryadeva abhayadevasUri ke AdhyAtmika tapopUta antastala se udgata amRtopama udgAroM ko sunakara zraddhAlu zrAvakoM ke mana mayUra ghanagarjana se matta bane mayUroM kI bhAMti aAnandavibhora ho nAca utthe| ve saba pUrNataH Azvasta ho gaye / dUsare dina hI unake saba jalapota sakuzala A gye| "harSavibhora kRtajJa zrAvaka guru-sevA meM upasthita hue| "sau sayAne eka matA" kI sUkti ko caritArtha karate hue ve saba zrAvaka samaveta svaroM meM bole-'bhaviSyajJa bhagavan ! jalapotoM meM ladApada bhare krayANakoM se hama logoM ko jitanA lAbha hogA, usake arddhAza se hama navAMgI vRttiyoM kI pratilipiyoM kA Alekhana krvaayeNge|" abhayadevasUri ne apane zraddhAlu zrAvakoM ke saMkalpa kA samAdara karate hue kahA-"zrAvakocit satkArya karane kI aApakI zubhabhAvanA antatogatvA Apake liye mukti kA sAdhana banegI / zubha kArya to avazyameva karanA hI caahiye|" kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha to nahIM likhA hai ki una zrAvakoM ne navAMgI vRttiyoM kA Alekhana karavAyA kintu ukta vivaraNa se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki pAlhaudA (saMbhavataH prabhAvaka caritrakAra dvArA ullikhita palyapadrapura) grAma athavA nagara ke zrAvakoM ne apane una jalapotoM meM Aye hue krayANakoM se ajita lAbha ke arddhAza se navAGgI vRttiyoM kI pratilipiyoM kA Alekhana karavAyA, jina jalapotoM ke sAgara meM DUbane ke samAcAra ke anantara abhaya
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________________ 172 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 devasUri ne apane una zrAvakoM ko Azvasta kiyA thA ki unake jalapota sakuzala A jaayeNge| prabhAvaka caritrAntargata 'abhayadevasUri caritam' ke zloka saMkhyA 125 ke tRtIya evaM caturtha caraNa meM yaha to spaSTataH likhA gayA hai ki palyapadrapura ke zrAvakoM ne navAGgI kI pratiyAM likhavAkara abhayadevasUri ko samarpita kI' kintu zloka saMkhyA 124 ke antima caraNa "tataH zrI bhImabhUpatiH" aura 125 veM zloka ke prathamArddha "drammalakSatrayaM kozAdhyakSAd dApayati sma saH" isase spaSTataH yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki daivI prAbhUSaNa ke mUlya ke rUpa meM mahArAjA bhIma ne palyapadrapura ke zrAvakoM ko 3 lAkha drambha (mudrA vizeSa) dilavAye aura usa dhanarAzi se una zrAvakoM ne navoM aMgoM kI vRttiyoM kA pAlekhana karavA kara abhayadevasUri ko ve pratiyAM diiN| do mahAn granthakAroM dvArA isa viSaya meM kiye gaye eka dUsare se nitAnta bhinna ullekhoM ko dekhakara pratyeka sujJa pAThaka ke antarmana meM isa prakAra kI jijJAsA kA uThanA sahaja hI sambhava hai ki ukta donoM ullekhoM meM se kisako prAmANika mAnA jAya / abhayadevasUri ne nau aMgoM kI vRttiyoM meM se cAra aMgoM kI vRttiyoM ke anta meM dI gaI prazastiyoM meM svayameva spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki ina vRttiyoM kI racanA unhoMne pATana meM sampanna kii| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki navAGgI vRttikAra ne pATana sthita karaDihaTTI (tuSarahita jaunoM kA bAjAra) vastI meM virAja kara nava aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA kii| isake viparIta prabhAcandrasUri ne apanI kRti prabhAvaka caritra meM likhA hai ki navAGgI vRttikAra ne vRttiyoM kI racanA palyapadrapura meM kii| isa kAraNa prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekha ko to aAMkheM mUMda kara hI prAmANika mAnA jA sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM / labdha pratiSTha sAhitya gaveSaka sva. vidvAn agaracanda nAhaTA ke abhimatAnusAra 'kharataragaccha vahad gurvAvalI' meM vi. saM. 1211 ("saM. 1211 ASADha vadI 11, jinadattasUrayo divaMgatAH") taka kA vRttAnta to saM. 1265 meM sumatigaNi dvArA racita "gaNadharasArddhazataka-vRhad vRtti' ke anusAra hI prAcIna zailI kA hai| isake atirikta kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki isameM vi. saM. 1305 taka kA vRttAnta jinapatisUri ke ziSya jinapAlopAdhyAya ne prabhAvaka caritra kI racanA se 26 varSa pUrva likhA hai| ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane se kharataragaccha vRhad 1. pustakAn lekhayitvAca, sUribhyo dadire'ya taiH / / 125 / / -prabhAvaka caritra, abhayadevasUri caritam, pRSTha 165 2. dillI vAstavya sAdhu, sahulisuta sA. hemAbhyarthanayA / jinapAlopAdhyAyaritthaM prathitAH svaguruvArtA / / 75 / / ----kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI, pRSTha 50
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 173 gurvAvalI ke etadviSayaka ullekha kA palar3A prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekha kI apekSA bhArI par3atA pratIta ho rahA hai| prastu, navAGgI vRttiyoM kI sahasroM pratilipiyA~ likhavAI gaI hoNgii| zubhArambha karane vAloM ke pazcAt to aneka nagaroM ke zrImantoM ke sahayoga se hI isa prakAra kA gurutara kArya sampanna ho sakA hogaa| abhayadevasUri kI kRtiyoM kA antarvedhI dRSTi se adhyayana karane para unakA eka aisA guNa prakaTa hotA hai, jisakI ora adyAvadhi adhikAMza vidvAnoM kA dhyAna viziSTa rUpa meM AkarSita nahIM huA hai| jaina jagat ke vidvadvanda kA dhyAna A0 zrI abhayadevasUri ke usa anupama mahAn guNa kI ora AkarSita karane hetu unakI vRttiyoM ke 2 uddharaNa yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| sthAnAGga Adi 6 aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanA karate samaya unake samakSa jo kaThinAiyA~ upasthita huIM, unheM tatkAlIna jinopAsakoM evaM unakI bhAvI pIr3hIprapIr3hiyoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue unhoMne sthAnAGga vRtti meM jina 7 bar3I kaThinAiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM se pahalI kaThinAI--"satsampradAyahInatvAt" para na kevala pratyeka vidvAn ko hI apitu pratyeka dharma premI vijJa ko gaharAI se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| prazasti ke prathama zloka ke ukta prathama caraNa meM abhayadevasUri ne binA kisI prakAra ke sAmpradAyika vyAmoha ke bar3I nirbhIkatA ke sAtha isa tathya ko jaina jagata ke samakSa suspaSTa rUperaNa prakaTa kiyA hai ki Aja (vRttikAra ke yuga meM) satsampradAya arthAt AgamoM ke gUDhArtha bhare zabdoM evaM sUtroM ke vAstavika artha kA bodha karAne vAlI sat-acchI-saccI-samyak guru-paramparA kA abhAva hai| apane vRtti-nirmANa kAla se lagabhaga 560 varSa pUrva prArambha hue. Agamika vizuddha mUla paramparA ke hrAsa ne vIra nirvANa saM0 1550 ke Ate-Ate jo pUrNa hrAsa kA to nahIM parantu Atyantika hrAsa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA aura usase satsampradAya arthAt zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla vizuddha paramparA kI jo duHkhada duravasthA huI, usa sthiti kA abhayadevasUri ne vAstavika citra prakaTa karate hue binA kisI matAgraha ke, binA kisI sAmpradAyika vyAmoha ke spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai-"Aja satsampradAya kA eka prakAra se abhAva hai|" yaha satya ke prati abhayadevasUri ke parama pragAr3ha prema-guraNa ko prakaTa karane vAlA prabalatama pramANa hai| __ abhayadevasUri ke isI prakAra ke parama guNa ko isase bhI aura adhika spaSTa rUpa se dyotita karane vAlA dUsarA prabalatama pramANa hai unake dvArA racita 'pAgama aSTottarI kI adholikhita aitihAsika gAthA, jisa para isa itihAsa grantha mAlA ke tRtIya puSpa meM yathAzakya pUrA prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| vaha aAgama aSTottarI kI gAthA isa prakAra hai :
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________________ 174 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 devaDDhikhamAsamaNa jA, paraMparaM bhAvo viyANemi / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, davvo paraMparA bahuhA / / abhayadeva sUri ne apanI sthAnAGga vRtti meM "satsampradAyahInatvAt" isa uparilikhita pada ke mAdhyama se apane samaya ke jisa tathya ko prakaTa kiyA hai, usI tathya para aura adhika suspaSTa prakAza DAlate hue isa gAthA meM likhA hai :-"yaha to maiM bhalIbhAMti mAnatA hU~ ki Arya devaddhigaNi kSamA-zramaNa kI vidyamAnatA (vIra ni. saM. 1000) taka hamArI AryadharA para zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM bha0 mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla adhyAtmaparaka bhAva paramparA apane jisa vAstavika rUpa meM tIrtha prarvatana kAla se nirmala-prabala pravAha ke sAtha calI A rahI thI, usI vAstavika bhAva paramparA ke rUpa meM calatI rahI, athavA pravAhita rhii| kintu devaddhigariNa ke svargastha hone ke anantara to vizuddha mUla paramparA ke pakSadhara zithilAcAra-parAyaNa ho gaye aura prabhu ke dharmasaMgha meM anekAneka prakAra kI dravyaparamparAe~ pracalita ho giiN|" apane samaya meM pracalita zithilAcAronmukhI evaM Agama pratipAdita AcAravicAra se pratikUla AcAra-vicAra vAlI aneka paramparAgoM, gaccha Adi ke rUpa meM pracalita sampradAyoM, una gacchoM ke diggaja prAcAryoM, vidvAnoM, upAsakoM Adi kI kiJcitmAtra bhI cintA na karate hue niSpakSa bhAva se nirbhIka ho abhayadevasUri ne jo tathya prakaTa kiyA hai, usase unakA yaha anupama mahAn guNa prakAza meM AtA hai ki ve satya ke aise mahAn evaM prAdarza paramopAsaka the, jinakI tulanA karane vAlA devaddhigaNi kSamA-zramaNa kI uttaravartI eka sahasrAbdi kI avadhi meM eka bhI granthakAra tatkAlIna samagra jaina vAGmaya ke punaH punaH pAloDana-viloDana ke uparAnta bhI kahIM dRSTipatha meM nahIM AtA / abhayadevasUri ne "sthAnAGga vRtti" aura "Agama-aSTottarI" meM eka aise kaTusatya ko udghATita kiyA hai, jo zatAbdiyoM se sAmpradAyika vyAmohAbhibhUta pUrvAbhinivezaparAyaNa vidvAnoM ke antarmana ko Andolita karatA A rahA hai, jhakajhoratA rahA hai ki abhayadevasUri dvArA prakaTa kiyA gayA yaha tathya kahIM unake una sahasroM-sahasroM upAsakoM kI manobhUmi meM unakI mAnyatAoM ke prati lahalahAtI AsthAoM ko ukhAr3a na pheMke / yahI kAraNa haiM ki pUrvAbhiniveza parasta katipaya vidvAnoM dvArA yaha kaha kara--yaha likha kara isa kaTu satya para gaharA AvaraNa DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai ki "pAgama aSTottarI" abhayadeva kI kRti nahIM hai / yaha kisI anya ajJAtanAmA vidvAn dvArA nirmita kRti hai aura kisI nihita svArtha se yazasvI Agama-marmajJa navAGgIvRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke nAma para car3hA dI gaI hai / vastutaH abhayadevasUri dvArA udghATita isa tathyapUrNa rahasya para pardA DAlane kA prayAsa karate samaya isa gAthA meM prakaTa kiye gaye tathya kI prabala puSTi karane vAle svayaM abhayadevasUri dvArA sthAnAGgavRtti meM ullikhita "satsaMpradAyahInatvAta"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 175 isa pada kI ora se apane mana, mastiSka aura netra yugala ko patA nahIM kyoM mor3a lete haiM / 'pAgama aSTottarI' ko anyakartRka grantha siddha karane kA mogha prayAsa karane vAle vidvAn kyA abhayadevasUri dvArA nirmita sthAnAGgavRtti ko bhI kisI anya ajJAtanAmA vidvAn kI kRti siddha karane kA sAhasa kara sakate haiM ? isa prakAra satya ke ananya upAsaka AcAryazrI abhayadevasUri ne uparilikhita tathya ko prakAza meM lAkara itihAsavidoM, lekhakoM, satya kI khoja meM saMlagna zodhakoM aura jinazAsana ke abhyudayotkarSApekSI manISiyoM ko gahana cintana-manana evaM zodha kI dizA meM nayA mArgadarzana kiyA hai| ina tathyoM se yaha bhalIbhAMti siddha hotA hai ki apane samaya ke apratima pratibhAzAlI navAGgIvRttikAra abhayadevasUri ucca koTi ke Agama-marmajJa, sAgara ko gAgara meM samA dene kI adbhut kSamatA ke dhanI tattva-vivecaka evaM satya ke paramopAsaka, virodhiyoM ko vinayAvanata . banA dene kI camatkAriNI zakti se sampanna evaM dussAdhya ko sAdhya siddha karane meM sakSama sAhasI mahApuruSa the / unakA samagra jIvana jinazAsana ke utkarSakArI kAryoM ke liye samarpita rhaa| vikrama saM0 1088 meM 16 varSa kI kizora vaya meM unheM prAcAryapada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA, isI se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ve kaisI asAdhAraNa pratibhA ke dhanI the| 51 varSa taka prAcAryapada para rahakara unhoMne vizAla vRttisAhitya ke atirikta vividha viSayoM para vipula granthoM kI racanA kI / vikrama saM0 1136 meM jisa samaya ve kapar3agaMja (gurjara pradeza) meM virAjamAna the, usa samaya eka dina unhoMne apanI Ayu kA avasAnakAla samIpa dekha AlocanApUrvaka anazana kiyA aura ve samAdhi avasthA meM 67 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara svargastha hue| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalIkAra ne svargastha hone kA kAla nirdeza na kara kevala yahI likhA hai ki ve (pATaNa meM) samAdhipUrvaka caturtha devaloka meM gaye / ' ___abhayadevasUri ke svargArohaNa kAla ke sambandha meM do prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha hotI haiM / kharataragacchIyA katipaya paTTAvaliyoM meM abhayadevasUri kA svargArohaNa kAla vi. saM. 1135 ullikhita hai tathA dUsarI mAnyatAnusAra unakA svargavAsa vi. saM. 1136 meM kapar3agaMja meM hone kA bhI ullekha hai| prabhAvakacaritrakAra ne prabhAvaka caritra meM abhayadevasUri ke svargagamana kAla kA ullekha na kara kevala yahI likhA hai ki abhayadevasUri pATaNa nagara meM pATaNAdhIza karNarAja ke rAjyakAla meM svargastha hue|' gurjareza cAlukyarAja karNa kA zAsanakAla prAcIna 1. navAGgavRttyA bhavyajIvAn sukhinaH kRtvA kAlakrameNa siddhAntavidhinA samAdhAnena caturtha devalokaM prAptA abhayadeva sUrayaH / khara. ga. gu. pRSTha 6 / 2. prabhAvaka caritra. abhayadevasUri caritam zloka 172-173, pRSTha 166 /
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 zilAlekhoM evaM tAmrapatroM ke AdhAra para vi. saM. 1126 se 1151 taka nizcita kiyA gayA hai / pAMcaveM aMga vyAkhyA prajJapti (bhagavatI sUtra) kI vRtti kI racanA abhayadevasUri ne kI, isa vRtti ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti ke anusAra unhoMne vikrama saM. 1128 meM ise sampanna kii| isake pazcAt katipaya aMgoM kI vRttiyoM kA nirmANa karane ke anantara svaracita ati vizAla athavA vipula sAhitya meM se bahuta se sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hogA aura itane suvizAla sAhitya kI racanA karane meM unheM dasa athavA gyAraha varSa to avazyameva lage hoNge| ___isa sambandha meM vicAra ke pazcAt abhayadeva sUri kA svargArohaNa kAla vi. saM. 1135 kI bajAya vi. saM. 1136 hI anumAnita karanA saMgata pratIta hotA hai / vikrama kI 11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI ke prAgama marmajJa, vRttikAra, vipula sAhitya ke sraSTA AcArya abhayadeva jaina jagat meM navAGgI vRttikAra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiN| AgamoM ke gahana-gUDhArtha kA sugama sarala zailI meM bodha karA dene vAlI ApakI navAGgI vRttiyAM vigata 6 zatAbdiyoM se AgamoM ke adhyetAoM ko mArga-darzana karatI A rahIM haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI sahasrAbdiyoM taka mukti patha ke pathikoM ko durUha muktipatha ke parama-pramukha pAtheya prAgamika jJAna ke arjana meM sahAyatA pradAna karatI rheNgiiN| isI kAraNa prAcArya abhayadevasUri kA prAtaH smaraNIya pavitra nAma jaina jagat ke itihAsa meM sadA-sadA svarNAkSaroM meM likhA jAtA rhegaa| yadi abhayadevasUri ke, atha se iti taka ke jIvana vRtta kI gaharAiyoM meM paiThane kA prayAsa kiyA jAya to satyAnveSI zodhArthiyoM ko zodha ke lie nitAnta nUtana sAmagrI upalabdha ho sakatI hai| isa bAta meM to kisI kA koI matabheda nahIM ki abhayadevasUri AgamoM ke talasparzI marmajJa vidvAn the| vizva ke prANimAtra ke hitecchu-sukhepsu-ananya bandhu-sacce sakhA-sahI artha meM sacce mAtA-pitA trikAladarzIvItarAga-sarvajJa-sarvahitaMkara tIrthaMkara prabhu-mahAvIra ne AgamoM meM bAhyADambara-vihIna evaM nitAnta adhyAtmaparaka prAtmadharma-vizvadharma-jaina dharma kA, sAdhu dharma kA, zrAddha dharma kA, kisa prakAra kA svarUpa saMsAra ke samakSa rakhA hai, isa tathya se AgamamarmajJa abhayadevasUri bhalI-bhAMti avagata the| unase yaha bhI chupA nahIM rahA ki AgamoM meM pratipAdita zramaNAcAra evaM zrAvakAcAra se unake yuga ke zramaNAcAra evaM zrAvakAcAra meM vastutaH kaisA AkAza-pAtAla tulya antara pA cukA hai| Agama-pratipAdita adhyAtmaparaka jaina dharma ke vizuddha mUla svarUpa meM paMcAMgI ke nAma para tIrtha prarvatanakAla se 11-12 hI nahIM 13 zatAbdiyoM ke pazcAt pUrvajJAnavihIna prAcAryoM dvArA nirmita bhASya Adi Agametara granthoM kA puTa lagA kara usakI tIrtha-pravatanakAla se calI A rahI mUla vizuddha bhAva paramparA ko devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke anantara dravya paramparA ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA gayA hai, isa tathya se bhI prAcArya abhayadevasUri sunizcita rUpeNa bhalI-bhAMti avagata the| isa
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 177 bAta kI akATya parama prAmANika sAkSI hai, svayaM abhayadevasUri dvArA racita 'pAgama aSTottarI' kI vaha gAthA, jisakA prathamArddha hai-"devaDhi khamAsamaraNa jA paramparaM bhAvo viyANemi" jisa para yathAsthAna spaSTa rUpa se prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| yaha tathya bhI abhayadevasUri se chupA to nahIM raha sakA hogA ki unake dAdA guru varddhamAnasUri ne kriyoddhAra karate samaya koI AMzika dharmakrAnti nahIM apitu sarvAMgapUrNa samagra dharmakrAnti kI thii| cAlukyarAja pATaNapati mahArAja durlabharAja kI rAjasabhA meM abhayadevasUri ke guru jinezvarasUri dvArA kahe gaye ye zabda-"mahArAja ! asmAkaM mate'pi yadgaNadharaizcaturdazapUrvadharaizca yo darzito mArgaH sa eva pramANIkartuM yujyate nAnyaH' - isa aitihAsika tathya ke amara sAkSI, isa bAta ke akATya prabala pramANa haiM ki varddhamAnasUri ne pUrI paMcAGgI-(Agama, niyukti, cUriNa, bhASya aura vRtti) pramANabhUta na mAnate hue kevala AgamoM ko hI sarvopari evaM parama prAmANika mAnakara pUrNa kriyoddhAra kiyA thaa| jinezvarasUri ke uparyukta kathana kA dUsare spaSTa zabdoM meM yahI artha nikalatA hai ki niyuktiyAM, cUNiyAM, bhASya aura vRttiyAM tathA caityavAsiyoM dvArA racita nigamopaniSad kisI gaNadhara athavA caturdazapUrvadhara dvArA nirmita nahIM haiM, ataH ve AgamoM ke artha ko samajhane meM sahAyaka to ho sakatI haiM kintu AgamoM kI bhAMti akSarazaH kisI bhI dazA meM prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sktiiN| uparilikhita kathana ke mAdhyama se jinezvarasUri ne apane guru varddhamAnasUri dvArA kiye gaye sarvAMgapUrNa kriyoddhAra meM Agametara kisI bhI grantha ke nAma para, cAhe vaha niyukti, cUriNa, vRtti athavA bhASya hI kyoM na ho, anAgamika mAnyatA ke viparIta kisI bhI mAnyatA, vidhividhAna, karma-kANDa, anuSThAna Adi athavA kisI bhI prakAra kI vikRti ke praveza kA kahIM koI kiMcinmAtra bhI avakAza na rakhakara pUrNa kriyoddhAra ko apUrNa athavA aAMzika kriyoddhAra kA rUpa dene ke sabhI prakAra ke prayAsoM kA sadA-sadA ke lie dvAra ho banda kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra kI suspaSTa sthiti ke uparAnta bhI sarvAGgapUrNa kriyoddhAra ke mAdhyama se eka sazakta evaM pUrNa dharmakrAMti kA sUtrapAta kara zithilAcAra tathA anAgamika mAnyatAoM kI jananI caityavAsI paramparA kA sArvabhauma varcasva, ekacchatra Adhipatya samApta karane vAle mahAn kriyoddhAraka varddhamAnasUri ke uttarAdhikAriyoM meM ekamAtra prAgamoM ke sthAna para pUrI paMcAMgI ko prAmANika mAnane kI prakriyA kaba prArambha huI ? "suhAgina striyA~ Agama niSNAta, vAgmI, evaM prAcArya ke sabhI guNoM se sampanna pratiSThAcArya ke zarIra para taila mardana, gandha vilepana Adi kreN| tadanantara pratiSThAcArya ko bahumUlya evaM atIva sundara vastra pahanAye jaayeN| tatpazcAt pratiSThAcArya ko hAtha kI eka aMgulI meM svarNa mudrikA aura eka kara meM svarNakaMkaraNa 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvali, pRSTha 3
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________________ 178 ] '-bhAga 4 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsadhAraNa karavAyA jAya / pratiSThA karAne vAle AcAryapravara pratiSThAcArya ko isa prakAra nitarAM atIva sundara vastra pahanAne aura svarNAbhUSaNoM se vibhUSita karane ke pazcAt pratiSThA karAne hetu pratiSThAcArya kI prAsana para virAjita kiyA jAya"isa prakAra ke zrAgama virodhI evaM zramaNa jIvana kA sarvanAza karane vAle 'pratiSThA paddhati' vidhAna, jo caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM, pAdaliptasUri Adi ne caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasvakAla meM jaina saMgha meM pracalita kiye the, ve ekamAtra AgamoM ko hI sarvopari tathA parama prAmANika mAnane evaM apane Apa meM paripUrNa kahI jAne vAlI sarvAMgapUrNa dharmakrAMti kA sUtrapAta karane vAle mahAn kriyoddhAraka prAcArya varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA meM tathA apane ApakI suvihita paramparA ke nAma se pahicAna karavAne vAlI anyAnya suvihita paramparAoM meM kaba aura kaise praviSTa ho gaye ? jina suvihita kahI jAne vAlI paramparAoM ne zithilAcAra, bAhyADambara evaM prAgama virodhI mAnyatAoM kI jananI caityavAsI paramparA ke caMgula se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ko chur3Ane ke lie dIrghakAla taka prathak prayAsa kiye, unhIM suvihita paramparAmroM ne antatogatvA caityavAsI paramparA ke caraNa- cihnoM kA anusaraNa kara usa dravyaparamparA - caityavAsI paramparA dvArA pracalita bAhyADambarapUrNa nAgamika vidhi-vidhAnoM, zAstra viruddha mAnyatAoM ko apanA kara kaba, kaise aura kyoM AtmasAt kara liyA ? pratyeka vijJa jinazAsana premI ke hRdaya ko yadA-kadA hI nahIM apitu sadAsarvadA pratipala kacoTate rahane vAle ina praznoM kA santoSaprada samAdhAna abhayadevasUri ke samaya kI paristhitiyoM ke paryAlocana ke sAtha-sAtha abhayadevasUri ke jIvanavRtta kI katipaya ghaTanAoM ke antaH nirIkSaNa se sambhava hai ki nahIM, isa dizA meM vidvAnoM Satara ra vivekapUrNa vRtti se prayAsa karane kI AvazyakatA hai / jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha anekAneka ullekhoM se paripuSTa yaha to eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki varddhamAnasUri dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra evaM dharma krAnti ke sUtrapAta ke pariNAmasvarUpa zatAbdiyoM se sazakta evaM sudRr3ha hotI calI A rahI caityavAsI paramparA kI AdhArazilA athavA AdhAra bhitti vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM sahasA hila uThI / anahilapattanAghIza durlabharAja kI rAjyasabhA meM vi0 saM0 1076 - 80 meM caityavAsI paramparA ke karNadhAroM ke sAtha prAyojita zAstrArtha meM "jaina kahalAne vAle pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI ke liye ekamAtra Agama zAstra hI sarvopari, sarvamAnya evaM parama prAmANika haiM" - isa siMhanAda ke sAtha jinezvarasUri ne caityavAsiyoM ko parAsta kara zithilAcAra evaM anAgamika pracAravicAra kI dhAtrI caityavAsI paramparA ko eka prakAra se jhakajhora hI DAlA / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA udghATita athavA pradarzita mukti ke mUla patha se caityavAsiyoM dvArA bhaTakA diye gaye bhavya nara-nArI vRnda vizva kalyANakArI jaina dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa se avagata grAzvasta ho punaH mukti ke mUla satpatha para ArUr3ha hone lage /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri [ 176 isa apratyAzita parAjaya ke kAraNa parivartita paristhitiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa caityavAsI paramparA kI pratiSThA ko ghAtaka to nahIM para gaharA AghAta lgaa| pIr3hiyoM-prapIr3hiyoM purAne apane hI abhedya gar3ha pATana meM parAjita hone ke dussahya duHkha se prapIr3ita caityavAsI paramparA ne prArambha meM to abhinava rUpa se lokapriyatA prApta karane vAlI vasativAsI paramparA ko apanI caityavAsI paramparA kA astitva taka miTAnevAlI paramparA mAnakara usake sAtha virodhAtmaka vyavahAra hI kiyA hogaa| kintu jaba caityavAsI paramparA ke karNadhAra vidvAn, pratibhAzAlI evaM dUradarzI AcAryoM ne yaha anubhava kiyA hogA ki vasativAsI paramparA ke Agamika upadezoM se prabhAvita ho janamAnasa usakI ora AkarSita ho unakI caityavAsI paramparA se unmukha hotA calA jA rahA hai, to apane astitva ko banAye rakhane ke liye sunizcita rUpa se apane AcAra-vicAroM, kAryakalApoM evaM apanI rIti-nIti meM zanaiH zanaiH kucha aise parivartana kiye hoMge, jinake kAraNa unakI paramparA se vimukha hotA jA rahA jana-mAnasa puna: unakI ora AkarSita ho sake / anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki saMbhavataH apane isa prakAra ke parivartanakArI prayAsoM se prApta huI thor3I bahuta saphalatA se prabhAvita ho caityavAsI paramparA ke pramukha AcAryoM ne samanvayavAda kA avalambana le vasativAsI zramaraNoM ke sAtha mela-jola bar3hAne kA rukha bhI apanAyA hogaa| na kevala vasativAsI paramparA ke sAhitya meM abhayadevasUri ke jIvana vRtta sambandhI ullekhoM se hI apitu svayaM abhayadevasUri dvArA apanI kRtiyoM meM kiye gaye ullekhoM se bhI ina uparilikhita anumAnoM kI nissaMzaya rUpa se puSTi hotI hai ki mahAn kriyoddhAraka varddhamAnasUri evaM caityavAsiyoM ko cAlukya rAjasabhA meM parAsta karane vAle jinezvarasUri ke svargastha ho jAne ke pazcAt abhayadevasUri ke AcAryakAla meM caityavAsI paramparA ke karNadhAra AcArya droNasUri ke dUradarzitA pUrNa nirdezana meM usa paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne vasativAsI paramparA ke pratibhAzAlI prAcArya ke samakSa sunizcita-rUpeNa samanvayaparaka nIti kA avalambana le mela-jola kA hAtha bar3hA usa mela-jola ko sammAnapUrNa pArasparika sauhArdabhAva kA rUpa pradAna kiyaa| caityavAsI paramparA ke caurAsI gacchoM ke prAcAryoM ke bhI yuga prANatulya prAcArya evaM pATaNa ke zaktizAlI jaina saMgha ke sarvocca adhikArasampanna pramukha athavA adhyakSa pada se alaMkRta hone para bhI droNAcArya ne apanI virodhI paramparA ke prAcArya abhayadevasUri ko apanI ora Ate dekhakara abhyutthAnapUrvaka arthAt khar3e hokara unheM apanI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke suvizAla samUha ke samakSa jo apratyAzita sammAna diyA, vaha isa bAta kA kisI bhI yukti se anyathA siddha na hone vAlA bar3A hI Thosa pramANa hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke karNadhAroM ne samanvayavAdI nIti kA Azraya le vasativAsI suvihita paramparA ke prAcArya ke sAtha sammAnAspada sauhArdapUrNa mela-jola bddh'aayaa| sarvocca sattA sampanna parama pUjya pada para adhiSThita apane AcArya deva dvArA vastutaH apanI caityavAsI paramparA kI jar3oM ko bhISaNa andhar3a kI bhA~ti AmUla cUla
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________________ 180 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 jhakajhora kara khokhalI kara dene vAlI, unake kendrIya sudRr3ha gar3ha meM navodita vasativAsI paramparA ke AcArya abhayadevasUri ke prati itanA bar3A sammAna prakaTa karanA, vahA~ usa samaya AgamavAcanArtha upasthita lagabhaga 84 caityavAsI prAcAryoM ke roma-roma meM viSabujhI sahasroM sahasra zUloM kI bhAMti cubhA / marmAhata avasthA meM rUSTa ho binA kucha bole ve saba ke saba sahasA uThakara mukhya maTha se nikala apane-apane maThoM kI ora cala pdd'e| unhoMne paraspara mantraNA kI hamAre saba se bar3e prAcArya zizu tulyA nagaNya pratipakSI paramparA ke samakSa isa prakAra jhakane lage to hamArI aura isa dezavyApinI caityavAsI paramparA kI kyA durdazA hogI? ___ jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai aura abhI kharataragacchIyA vRhad gurvAvalI ke mUla uddharaNa ke sAtha batAyA jA rahA hai, pATaNa saghAdhyakSa evaM caityavAso paramparA ke pramukha prAcArya droNasUri ne tatkAla eka zloka kI racanA kara caurAsI caityavAsI AcAryoM ke pAsa usa zloka kI pratiyA~ bhejIM, jisake mAdhyama se zatAdhika guragoM ke nidhAna abhayadevasUri ke kisI eka bhI guraga kI tulanA karane vAle prAcArya ko sammukha hone ke liye lalakArA thA / usa eka hI zloka meM kI gaI abhayadevasUri kI prazaMsA se abhibhUta sabhI caityavAsI AcArya droNAcArya ke pramukha maTha meM lauTa Aye aura pUrvavat unase Agama vAcanA lene lge| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI kA vaha mUla pATha vijJa zodhakoM evaM pAThakoM kI suvidhA ke liye yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai, jise isa sandarbha meM par3hate hI, tatkAla unheM sahaja hI isa atyadhika mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya para nissaMdigdha rUpa se vizvAsa ho jAyagA ki caityavAsI paramparA ke sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI AcArya droNasUri ne aura una droNasUri ke parAmarza para caityavAsI paramparA ke sabhI prAcAryoM ne sAmUhika rUpa se suvihita paramparA ke Agama-marmajJa vidvAna prAcArya zrI abhayadevasUri ke sAtha sauhArdapUrNa-sammAnAspada mela-jola bar3hA kara samanvayAtmaka nIti kA avalambana kiyA :-- _ "11. tasmin prastAve devagRhanivAsyAcAryamukhyo droNAcAryo'sti / tenApi siddhAnto vyAkhyAtu samArabdhaH / sarve'pyAcAryAH kapalikAM gRhItvA zrotu samAgacchanti / tathA abhayadevasUrirapi gacchati / sa cAcArya prAtmasamIpe niSadyAM dApayati / yatra-yatra vyAkhyAnaM kurvatastasya sandeha utpadyate, tadA nIcaiH svareNa tathA kathayati yathAnye na zRNvanti / anyasmin dine yad vyAkhyAyate siddhAntasthAnaM tvRttiraaniitaa| etAM cintayitvA vyAkhyAnayantu bhavantaH / yastAM pazyati sArthakAM, tasyAzcaryaM bhavati, vizeSeNa vyAkhyAturAcAryasya / sa cintayati-ki sAkSAdgagadharaiH kRtA'thavA'nenA'pi, tasminviSaye'tIvAdaro manasi vihitaH / dvitIya dine sammukhamutthAtu pravRttaH / tatastAdRzaM suvihitAcAryaviSayamAMdaraM dRSTvA, ruSTA vyutthitAH santo vasatau gatA bhaNanti devagRhanivAsyAcAryA:-'kena guNenaiSo'dhika:
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] prabhayadevasUri [ 181 yenA'smAkaM mukhyo'pyevaMvidhamAdaraM darzayati, pazcAt ke vayaM bhaviSyAmaH ?' droNAcAryo'pi vRhattaraH sadartho vizeSajJo guNapakSapAtI san nUtanaM vRttaM kRtvA sarveSu devagRhanivAsyAcAryamaTheSu preSitam AcAryAH pratisadma santi mahimA yeSAmapi prAkRtai tu nA'dhyavasIyate sucaritaisteSAM pavitraM jagat / ekenA'pi guNena kintu jagati prAjJAdhanAH sAmprataM, yo dhatte'bhayadevasUri samatAM so'smAkamAvedyatAm / / 10 // tata upazAntAH sarve / droNAcAryeNAbhANi zrImadabhayadeva sUrINAmagre-"yA vRttIH siddhAnte kariSyasi tAH sarvA mayA zodhanIyA lekhanIyAzca / " . kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke ullekha se isa aitihAsika tathya meM kahIM kiMcinmAtra bhI sandeha ke liye avakAza nahIM raha jAtA ki caityavAsI paramparA ke yuga pradhAnAcArya tulya sarvamAnya pramukha AcAryapravara droNasUri ne aura unake adhInastha caityavAsI paramparA ke sabhI 84 gacchoM ke prAcAryoM ne suvihitAcArya abhayadevasUri ke sAtha samanvayakArI rIti-nIti kA avalambana le sauhArdapUrNa mela-jola kA hAtha bddh'aayaa| _isa aitihAsika tathya kI nirvivAdarUpa se vAstavikatA siddha ho jAne ke sAtha-sAtha vRhad gurvAvalI kA uparyukta gadyAMza isa bAta kI ora bhI saMketa karatA hai ki donoM paramparAoM meM katipaya mAnyatAoM evaM katipaya samanvayakAriNI rIti-nItiyoM para bhI "kucha hama jhukate haiM, thor3A tuma bhI jhuko-kyoMki aba sahanau vIryaM karavAvahai kA yuga A gayA hai, 'saMghe zakti kalauyuge kA samaya A gayA hai, haThAgraha donoM pakSoM ke liye samAna rUpa se hI ahitakara hogA" anumAnataH kucha isa prakAra ke pArasparika vicAra-vimarza ke pazcAt katipaya rIti-nItiyoM ke sambandha meM mataikya para pahuMcane kA prayAsa bhI huA thaa| donoM pakSoM ke etadviyaSaka vicAravimarza meM kina-kina rIti-nItiyoM para donoM paramparAoM kA mataikya huA, isa sambandha meM pramANAbhAva ke kAraNa sunizcita rUpa se abhI kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu vRhad gurvAvalI ke uparilikhita uddharaNa aura navAgI vRttikAra svayaM abhayadevasUri dvArA sthAnAMga vRtti, jJAtAdharmakathAMgavRtti aura aupapAtika vRtti kI prazastiyoM meM kiye gaye ullekhoM se nirvivAda rUpeNa antima rUpa se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki navAGgI vRttiyoM ko caityavAsI aura suvihita donoM hI paramparAoM meM sAdhakoM ke 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI, pRSTha 7, prAcArya zrI jina vijaya muni dvArA sampAdita evaM siMhI jaina zAstra zikSApITha bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI dvArA prakAzita / 2. droNAcAryAdibhiH prArinekarAdataM yataH // 6 // sthAnAMga vRtti prazasti /
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________________ 182 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -bhAga 4 liye samAna rUpa se grAhya-upabhogya banAne ke lakSya se abhayadevasUrIyA navAGgI vRttiyoM ko caityavAsI paramparA ke pramukha prAcArya zrI droNasUri dvArA saMzodhita karavAne aura paraspara sahayoga karate rahane kI rIti-nIti para donoM pakSoM meM mataikyapUrNa nizcaya huaA athavA sammAnAspada samajhautA huA thaa| kharatara gaccha vRhad gurvAvalIkAra ke zabdoM meM caityavAsI paramparA ke mukhya AcArya droNasUri dvArA abhayadevasUri ke samakSa isa prastAva kA rakhA jAnA ki unake dvArA jitanI vRttiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAyagA, una saba aGgavRttiyoM kA saMzodhana aura pAlekhana taka ve (droNAcArya) svayaM kareMge / aura tadanantara uparilikhita tInasthAnAMga, jJAtAdharmakathAGga tathA aaupapAtika kI vRttiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM svayaM abhayadevasUri dvArA isa prakAra ke spaSTa ullekha kA kiyA jAnA ki pANDitya guNa se samanvita, guNa ke samAna priya, nirvata kula rUpI gagana maNDala ke pUrNacandra droNa nAmaka pramukha prAcArya ne isa vRtti kA saMzodhana kiyA-ye donoM ora se eka dUsare kI bAta kI puSTi karane vAle pramANa isa aitihAsika tathya ke prabala samarthaka haiM ki donoM paramparAoM meM vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka meM pArasparika sahayoga, mela-milApa athavA mela-jola kA samajhautA haa| ukta samajhaute kA donoM pakSoM kI ora se bhalI-bhAMti pAlana kiyA gyaa| donoM paramparAoM ke bIca hue isa prakAra ke samajhaute kA pAlana abhayadevasUri ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt bhI eka do dazaka taka calatA rhaa| aba sahaja hI kisI bhI vijJa ke mana meM yaha jijJAsA utpanna ho sakatI hai ki uttarottara lokapriya hotI jA rahI vasativAsI paramparA ke prAcArya abhayadevasUri ko caityavAsI paramparA ke pramukha prAcArya se pArasparika mela-jola bar3hAne kI, pArasparika sahayoga ke AdAna-pradAna kI, samanvayAtmaka nIti kA avalambana le kisI bhI rIti-nIti ke viSaya meM samajhautA karane kI AvazyakatA kyoM pratIta huii| isa sambandha meM tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM ke viSaya meM jo ullekha jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha hote, haiM unake paryavekSaNa se pratyeka vijJa vicAraka ko svastharUpeNa parilakSita ho jAyegA ki abhayadevasUri ke samaya taka hI nahIM apitu unake svargArohaNa ke lagabhaga bIsa varSa pazcAt taka caityavAsI paramparA kA pATaNa meM hI nahIM apitu pUre gurjara pradeza meM bar3A hI zaktizAlI saMgaThana rahA / rAjyAdhikArI zreSThi varga aura anyAnya vargoM ke bahusaMkhyaka loga vikrama saMvat 1156 meM eka vyApaka 1. nirvatakakulanabhastalacandra droNAkhyasUrimukhyena / paNDitaguNana guNavatpriyeNa saMzodhitA ceyam // 10 / / jJAtA dharmakathAMga vRtti prazasti / 2. aNahila pATaka nagare, zrImad droNAkhyasUrimukhyena / paNDitaguNena guNavatpriyeNa saMzodhitA ceyam / / 3 / / aupapAtika vRtti prazasti
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadevasUri ( 183 kriyoddhAra karane vAle pUNimAgaccha-saMsthApaka AcArya candraprabhasUri ke samaya taka pATaNa kA sampUrNa jaina saMgha caityavAsI paramparA ke hI prabhutva meM rahA thaa| isa prakAra kI paristhiti meM eka zaktizAlI pratipakSI paramparA ke sAtha saMgharSAtmaka sthiti ko TAla kara samanvayAtmaka rIti-nIti ko apanAnA hI zreyaskara thaa| vizeSa kara usa sthiti meM jabaki caityavAsI paramparA ke karNadhAroM ne navAMgIvRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke samakSa mela-jola kA hAtha bar3hAyA ho| navAMgIvRttikAra AcArya abhayadevasari ke jIvana-vRtta kI ghaTanAoM ke sUkSma antanirIkSaNa se bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki unhoMne jIvana bhara sRjanAtmaka kArya meM hI apanI adbhut pratibhA kA upayoga kiyA, saMgharSAtmaka athavA vighaTanakArI pravRtiyoM meM nhiiN| abhayadevasUri ke svargastha ho jAne ke pazcAt unake ziSya jina vallabhasUri vastutaH caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM evaM anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha isa prakAra kA madhura sambandha nahIM nibhA ske| unhoMne saMghapaTTaka nAmaka laghu grantha kI racanA kara caityavAsiyoM kA DaTakara na kevala virodha hI apitu ugra rUpa se khaNDana kiyA . jinavallabhasUri ke isa prakAra ke saMgharSAtmaka vyavahAra ke kAraNa hI unheM pATana ke zaktizAlI jaina saMgha meM caityavAsiyoM kA prabala prabhutva dekhate hue pATana chor3a kara cittaur3a kI aora vihAra karane ke liye bAdhya honA pdd'aa| abhayadevasUri ke svargAroharaNa ke uttaravartI kAla kI ina ghaTanAoM para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke prathama dazaka taka caityavAsiyoM kA prabala bahumata aura prabhutva thA / ___ isa prakAra kA apane pratipakSI kI sazakta sthiti ko dekhate hue prAcAya abhayadevasUri ne apanI suvihita paramparA ke hita ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha sauhArdapUrNa mela-jola evaM eka dUsare ke sahayoga kA AdAnapradAnAtmaka jo samajhautA kiyA, vaha tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM meM samucita hI kahA jA sakatA hai| vikrama saM0 1079-80 meM pATana pati cAlukya nareza durlabha rAja kI rAjya sabhA meM caityavAsI paramparA kI karArI hAra ke uparAnta bhI vikrama saM0 1156 taka pATana ke jaina saMgha para adhikAra to vastutaH caityavAsI paramparA kA hI rahA thaa| pATaNa jaina saMgha ke chinna-bhinna hone ke kAla ke sambandha meM labdha pratiSTha itihAsajJa paM0 zrI kalyANavijayajI ne nimnalikhita rUpa meM prakAza DAlA hai : ___ "prAcArya candraprabha ne prAthamika rUpa meM sAdhu dvArA jinabimboM kI pratiSThA karane kA virodha kiyA aura dhIre-dhIre unake anuyAyiyoM ne pUrNimA kA pAkSika pratikramaNa aura bhAdrapada zukla paMcamI ko sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karanA prArambha kiyaa| mahA niSItha sUtra ke AdhAra para pahale jo upadhAna karavAyA jAtA thA, usa
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________________ 184 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pravRtti kA bhI tyAga kiyaa| Aya rakSita sUri, jo aMcalagaccha ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiM; unhoMne to candraprabha se bhI do kadama Age rakhe, pracalita dhArmika kriyA-kANDa jo kisI na kisI sUtra athavA usakI paJcAGgI kA AdhAra rakhatA thA, use chor3akara zeSa sabhI paramparAgata pravRttiyoM kA tyAga kara diyA, ..........."isa virodha tathA naye gacchoM kI utpatti kA pariNAma yaha huA ki pATaNa kA saMgha-baMdhAraNa jo saikar3oM varSoM se prakSuNNa calA pA rahA thA, chinna-bhinna ho gyaa|"1 isase bhI spaSTataH yahI parilakSita hotA hai ki abhayadevasUri ke samaya taka bhI pATaNa kA caityavAsI saMgha apanI parAjaya ke uparAnta bhI paryApta rUpeNa sazakta aura sudRr3ha thaa| pATaNa ke jaina saMgha meM usakA apanI parAjaya se pUrva kI bhAMti zata-pratizata to bahumata nahIM parantu pATaNa ke jaina saMgha ko yena kena prakAreNa apane prabhutva meM rakhane yogya bahumata pUrNimAgaccha ke saMsthApaka candraprabhasUri ke kriyoddhAra kAla taka banA rhaa|| caityavAsI paramparA kI isa prakAra kI sudRr3ha evaM sazakta sthiti ko dekhate hue caityavAsiyoM kI pahala para abhayadevasUri ne pArasparika sauhArda, sahayoga evaM samajhaute ke lie hAtha bddh'aayaa| bahuta sambhava hai, isI prakAra kI samanvayAtmaka rItinIti kA donoM pakSoM dvArA avalambana liye jAne ke samaya meM ve sabhI anAgamika vidhi-vidhAna, mAnyatAe~, ADambarapUrNa Ayojana Adi-Adi kArya kalApa varddhamAna sUri kI ekamAtra Agama ko hI sarvocca evaM parama prAmANika mAnane vAlI paramparA meM aura usake sAtha-sAtha zanaiH zanaiH suvihita nAma se pahicAnI jAne vAlI anya paramparAoM, anya gacchoM, AmnAyoM, sampradAyoM Adi meM bhI praviSTa ho kAlAntara meM rUr3ha ho gaye hoN| ina saba tathyoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara navAMgIvRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para yadi Age kI zodha kI jAya to jaina saMgha meM praviSTa huI pAgama viruddha mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM paryApta prakAza par3a sakatA hai| hameM AzA hI nahIM pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki itihAsa ke vidvAn zodhArthI isa dizA meM sUkSma zodhaparaka dRSTi se khoja karane kA prayAsa kreNge| 1. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, paM0 kalyANa vijayagaNi, pRSTha 351 /
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________________ vIra nirvAraNa kI solahavIM satrahavIM, tadanusAra vikrama kI 11vIM 12vIM aura IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke jainAcAryoM meM caityavAsI paramparA ke yugapradhAna tulya prAcArya zrI droNAcArya kA jIvanavRtta vastutaH tatkAlIna jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa hai / jaina vAGmaya meM inheM droNasUri evaM AcArya droNa kI saMjJA se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai / AcArya droNa navAGgI vRttikAra zrAcArya abhayadevasUri ke samakAlIna aura abhayadevasUri se saMbhavataH vayovRddha the / tathApi prAcArya droNa sadA abhayadevasUri ko isa prakAra atyadhika sammAna dete the, jisa prakAra ki apane se bar3oM ko diyA jAtA hai / isase unake vaiyaktika jIvana kI eka bahuta bar3I vizeSatA prakaTa hotI hai ki ve bar3e hI guragajJa evaM guraNoM kI pUjA karane vAle the / 1 / droNAcArya (caityavAsI paramparA ) caityavAsI paramparA kA astitva, vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM hI dharA se tirohita ho cukA thA / isI kAraNa Aja na to caityavAsI paramparA se sambandhita koI khAsa sAhitya hI upalabdha hai aura na usa paramparA kI kramabaddha paTTaparamparA athavA usa paramparA ke pratApI prAcAryoM kA prAmANika jIvanavRtta hI / isameM to kisI kA matabheda nahIM ki caityavAsI paramparA ne Adarza tyAgatapa-saMyamapUrNa niSparigrahI, (nirAsakta- nissaMga) zramaraNa jIvana meM zithilAcAra ke bIjAropaNa ke sAtha 2 mUlataH nitAnta adhyAtmaparaka nirgrantha jaina dharma ke svarUpa meM aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyoM, vidhi vidhAnoM evaM anAgamika mAnyatAoM ko praviSTa karA kara tIrtha pravartanakAla se vIra nirvAraNa saM. 1000 taka prabAdha rUpa se calI A rahI jaina dharma kI bhAva paramparA ko bAhyADambara bahula dravya paramparA ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA / itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI vikrama kI 12vIM zatI ke katipaya vidvAnoM ne kevala khaNDanAtmaka nIti ko prazraya de samaSTi rUpa se sampUrNa caityavAsI paramparA kA apanI kRtiyoM meM jisa prakAra kA citra prastuta kiyA hai, 1. vi0 saM0 1660 meM kar3avA mata ke paTTadhara zAha zrI ratnapAla sagha ke sAtha sirohI prAye / "vahA~ catyavAsI ke sAtha carcA zAha zrI ratnapAla tathA saMgha ke pradeza se zAha jinadAsa ne kI / " kaDavA mata paTTAvalI, 6 tejapAla ke paTTadhara zAha zrI ratnapAla kA caritra - isase siddha hotA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA kA astitva, vi0 saM0 1660 taka rahA / -sampAdaka
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________________ 186 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vastutaH zata-pratizata vastusthiti usa prakAra kI nahIM thii| yaha tathya droNAcArya ke jIvanavRtta se prakAza meM AtA hai| .. yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki jisa prakAra lupta caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA itivRtta Aja jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha nahIM, ThIka usI prakAra droNAcArya kA jIvanavRtta bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| unake jIvana se sambandhita jo do cAra sphuTa tathya kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI aura abhayadevasUri dvArA racita tIna aMgavRttiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM upalabdha hote haiM, unase na kevala droNAcArya kI saMgha-saMcAlana kuzalatA, prakANDa pANDitya aura AgamamarmajJatA kA hI patA calatA hai, apitu caityavAsI paramparA ke suvizAla saMgha kI Thosa vyavasthA-praNAlI kA bhI patA calatA hai| jisa samaya abhayadevasUri ke guru jinezvara sUri kA pATaNAdhIza mahArAjA durlabhasena (durlabharAja) kI vidyamAnatA meM caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha huA, usa samaya caityavAsI paramparA kA saMgha atIva sudRr3ha, vizAla evaM bar3A hI zaktizAlI thA / yaha tathya kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke nimnalikhita ullekha se prakAza meM AtA hai : "tatazcintite dine tasminneva devagRhe sUrAcArya prabhRti caturazItirAcAryA: svavibhUtyanusAreNopaviSTAH / ........ te'pyAcAryAH pUjitAstAmbUla-dAnena rAjJA / '' isa ullekha se nirvivAda rUpeNa yaha siddha hotA hai ki vikrama saM. 1080 taka caityavAsI paramparA kA saMgha ati vizAla aura bar3A hI zaktizAlI thaa| usameM prAyaH caurAsI gaccha aura caurAsI prAcArya the / una caurAsI gacchoM ke caurAsI prAcAryoM meM sUrAcArya sarvopari pramukha athavA pradhAna AcArya mAne jAte the| caurAsI gacchoM meM se pratyeka gaccha kI vyavasthA kA saMcAlana usa gaccha kA prAcArya karatA thA aura una caurAsI AcAryoM meM se jise saMgha dvArA pradhAnAcArya pada para adhiSThita kara diyA jAtA thA, usakI AjJA ko sabhI zeSa AcArya zirodhArya kara sampUrNa saMgha ke hita ke kAryoM ko sampanna karane meM nirata rahate the| jinazAsana ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye pratyeka gaccha kI gatividhiyoM ko samIcIna rUpa se saMcAlita karate rahane kA uttaradAyitva 84 gacchoM ke pratyeka gaccha ke prAcArya para aura saba saMghoM ko ekasUtra meM bAMdhe rakhakara sabhI gacchoM ke liye eka hI prakAra kI nIti nirdhArita kara sabhI AcAryoM se usa viziSTa nIti kA sabhI gacchoM dvArA paripAlana karavAne ke liye sabhI prAcAryoM ko nirdeza dene kA kArya pradhAna AcArya ke adhIna thaa| kisI bhI gaccha kI kAryapraNAlI meM guNadoSa dekhane tathA usake doSanivAraNa athavA guNa abhivarddhana hetu sambandhita prAcArya ko samucita nirdeza dene kA kArya pradhAnAcArya ke 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI, pRSTha 3
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] droNAcArya [ 187 adhikAroM meM samAhita thaa| "tataH AzIdurge zrImatkUrcapurIya devagRhanivAsijinezvarasUrirAsIt / tatra ye zrAvakaputrAste sarve'pi tasya maThe paThanti / "" isa ullekha se caityavAsI paramparA kI 2 bar3I vizeSatAeM prakAza meM AtI haiN| pahalI to yaha ki caityavAsI paramparA kI, usake gacchoM kI pATaNa se sudUrastha pradeza kUrcapura (saMbhavataH sAmpratakAlIna kucerA) meM zAkhA aura AzIdurga upakhaNDa meM upazAkhA kI bhAMti deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM zAkhAoM evaM upazAkhAoM kA jAla bichA huA thaa| dUsarI vizeSatA yaha ki pratyeka pradeza ke pratyeka khaNDa kI zAkhA meM aura upakhaNDoM kI upazAkhAoM meM sthAnIya evaM ar3osa-par3osa ke kSetroM ko samucita zikSaNa dene kI vyavasthA thii| sabhI khaNDoM evaM upakhaNDoM ke maThoM meM paugaNDa paudha ko caityavAsI paramparA ke saMskAroM meM DhAlane ke sAtha sAtha vyAkaraNa, kAvya, nyAya Adi viSayoM aura AgamoM kA ucca prazikSaNa dekara bhAvI-pIr3hiyoM ke netRtva ke liye caityavAsI paraparA ke bhAvI karNadhAroM ko taiyAra kiyA jAtA thaa| "tenApi siddhAnto vyAkhyAtu samArabdhaH / sarve'pyAcAryAH kapalikAM gRhItvA zrotu samAgacchanti / "2 isa ullekha se yaha tathya bhalI-bhAMti prakAza meM AtA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke pradhAnAcArya AgamoM ke talasparzI jJAtA the aura ve apane adhInastha athavA AjJAnuvartI sabhI prAcAryoM ko AgamoM kA adhyayana niyamita rUpa se karavAte the / isa ullekha se caityavAsI paramparA meM zAstrajJAna ke prati abhiruci evaM jAgarUkatA kA AbhAsa hone ke sAtha hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM avasthita sabhI maThoM meM caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM kI santati ko samucita zikSaNa dekara isa paramparA ke bhAvI karNadhAra, sadgRhastha, samAjasevI, yogya kAryakartAoM ke nirmANa kI aura zramaNa-zramaNI varga ko AgamoM kA adhyayana karavAne kI vyavasthA thI / isI prakAra "prabhoharadeze jinacandrAcArya devagRha-nivAsinazcaturazItisthAvalakanAyakA Asan / "3 evam "mAlava deze ujjaiNI nayarIe kaccolAyario ceiyavAsI parivasaI / "4 tathA ............nIsariUraNa aNahilapurapaTTaNe gayo / tattha culasIi posahasAlA, culasIi gacchavAsiNo bhaTTAragA vasaMti / "5 ina ullekhoM se yaha bhalI-bhAMti siddha ho jAtA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA vastutaH vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM na kevala gurjara pradeza kI hI apitu deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM kI bahujanasammata eka bar3I hI zaktizAlI paramparA thii| yadyapi isa paramparA meM caurAsI 1. kharataragaccha vRhadgurvAvalI, pRSTha 7 2. vahI - pRSTha 7 3. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI pRSTha 1 4. zrI vRddhAcArya prabaMdhAvaliH jinavallabhasUri prabaMdhaH kharataragaccha vRhad paTTAvalI-pRSTha 60 5. vahI pRSTha 60
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________________ 188 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 gaccha the aura una sabhI gacchoM ke pRthaka-pRthak caurAsI prAcArya the tathApi vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI meM ve sabhI gaccha eka sUtra meM baMdhe hue the| droNAcArya una saba prAcAryoM meM pradhAnAcArya the| unakA Adeza na kevala pratyeka gaccha ke prAcArya ke liye hI apitu caityavAsI paramparA ke pratyeka sadasya ke liye anivArya rUpeNa zirodhArya hotA thaa| ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki droNAcArya vikrama kI 11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI ke caityavAsI paramparA ke eka sarvazakti-sampanna mahAn AcArya the| kintu bar3e duHkha ke sAtha kahanA par3atA hai ki AcArya droNa gRhasthAvasthA meM kisa pradeza ke kisa grAma athavA nagara ke rahane vAle, kisa jAti ke the, unake mAtA-pitA kA nAma kyA thA, kaba ve zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hue, unake guru kA nAma kyA thA, unheM kaba AcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA, kitane varSoM taka ve AcArya pada para rahe tathA unakA svargavAsa kaba huA, ina saba bAtoM ke sambandha meM jaina sAhitya meM kahIM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM inake sambandha meM jo prAsaMgika ullekha prApta hotA hai usase inake jIvanavRtta ke saMbaMdha meM kevala itanA hI paricaya prApta hotA hai ki ve caityavAsI paramparA ke pramukha AcArya aura AgamajJAna ke marmajJa the| ve apane adhInastha AcAryoM ke vizAla samUha ko AgamoM kI vAcanA bhI dete the| navAGgIvRttikAra AcArya abhayadevasUri jisa samaya nau aMgoM para vRttiyA~ nirmita karane ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha paTTaNa nagara kI karar3i-haTTI bastI meM Aye aura vahAM unhoMne vRttiyoM kA nirmANa prArambha kiyA, usa samaya jaba unheM jJAta huA ki caityavAsI paramparA ke droNAcArya apane adhInastha AcAryoM ko AgamoM kI vAcanA pradAna kara rahe haiM to abhayadevasUri bhI unake pAsa AgamoM kI vAcanA sunane ke liye jAne lage / droNAcArya ne unheM sammAnapUrvaka apane grAsana ke samIpa aAsana diyaa| abhayadevasUri ne vAcanA sunate samaya jaba yaha dekhA ki droNAcArya saMdehAspada sthaloM para atimanda svara meM bolate haiM aura isa prakAra usa para kisI prakAra kI vyAkhyA kiye binA hI Age bar3ha jAte haiM, to dUsare dina apane sAtha usa aMga zAstra kI vRtti ke una aMzoM ko droNa ke pAsa lekara Aye jina para prAcArya droNa ko usa dina vAcanA denI thii| vRtti ke una aMzoM ko AcArya droNa ke samakSa upasthita karate hue ati vinamra zabdoM meM nivedana kiyA :- "aMga sUtroM para vyAkhyAna se pUrva Apa ina patroM ko par3ha lIjiye / inameM una sUtroM para vivaraNa likhA huA hai| isase Apako vyAkhyAna meM sahAyatA milegii|" aMgavRtti ke ina patroM ko vahA~ upasthita caityavAsI prAcAryoM ne dekhA aura par3hA bhii| ve saba AzcaryAbhibhUta ho utthe| droNAcArya ne bhI una vRttipatroM ko pddh'aa| Agama ke gUDhArtha ko itanI sahaja subodhagamya bhASA meM variNata dekhakara droNAcArya ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| ve abhayadevasUri se
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] droNAcArya [ 186 bar3e prabhAvita hue / unhoMne abhayadevasUri ko dUsare dina abhyutthAna pUrvaka bar3A hI sammAna diyA aura unhoMne abhayadevasUri se kahA-"Apa jitanI bhI vRttiyoM kA nirmANa kareMge una saba vRttiyoM kA maiM saMzodhana kruuNgaa|" kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke uparivariNata ullekha ke antima aMza kI puSTi svayaM AcArya abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAGgavRtti, jJAtAdharma kathAGgavRtti aura aupapAtika sUtravRtti kI prazastiyoM meM kI hai / unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki nirvRtti kula ke pramukha AcArya droNasUri ne merI ina vRttiyoM kA saMzodhana kiyA / navAGgI vRttikAra dvArA kiye gaye isa prakAra ke ullekha se kharataragaccha kI gurvAvalI ke uparilikhita vivaraNa kI bhI puSTi hotI hai| kisI prakAra ko zaMkA ko avakAza nahIM raha jaataa| droNAcArya jaise apane samaya ke eka AgamajJa prAcArya ke kevala uparivaNita paricaya se kisI bhI zodhapriya vijJa ko saMtoSa nahIM ho sakatA / isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue inake vizeSa paricaya ko khoja nikAlane ke prayAsa meM prAcArya prabhAcandrasUri dvArA racita prabhAvaka caritra meM droNAcArya ke sambandha meM eka ullekha dRSTigocara huA, jisameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki aNahillapurapaTTaNa meM gurjarezvara bhIma nAmaka rAjA thaa| usake rAjaguru kA nAma droNAcArya thaa| una AcArya droNa kA janma kSatriya kula meM huA aura ve rAjA bhIma ke mAmA (mAtula) the| droNAcArya ne bAlyAvasthA meM hI zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa karalI aura ve prAcAryapada para pratiSThita hue| prabhAvaka caritra meM upalabdha isa ullekha se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya droNa jinakA yatkiMcita paricaya Upara diyA jA cukA hai, ve hI prabhAvaka caritra meM variNata kSatriya kulotpanna droNAcArya ho sakate haiM / cAlukyarAja mahArAjA bhIma ke samaya meM hI nahIM apitu bhIma se zatAbdiyoM pUrva aura zatAbdiyoM pazcAt bhI droNAcArya nAmaka kisI anya prAcArya kA jaina sAhitya meM nAmollekha taka upalabdha nahIM hotA / eka sabase bar3I kaThinAI, prabhAvaka caritrakAra dvArA variMgata droNAcArya aura kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI evaM abhayadevasUri dvArA ullikhita droNAcArya ke eka hone meM, yaha upasthita hotI hai ki prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne sUrAcArya nAmaka eka prabhAvaka prAcArya ko droNAcArya kA pazcAdvartI aura unakA apanA ziSya prAcArya batAyA hai| isake viparIta kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM sUrAcArya ko droNAcArya kA pUrvavartI prAcArya batAyA hai / ukta paTTAvalI meM ullikhita sUrAcArya aura droNAcArya ke nAma ko dekha kara pAThaka ko sahaja hI yaha AbhAsa hone lagatA hai ki droNAcArya inase pUrva meM varNita sUrAcArya ke ziSya the| sUrAcArya aura droNAcArya ina donoM kA eka sAtha jur3A huA ullekha prabhAvaka caritra aura kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke atirikta jaina sAhitya meM
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________________ 160 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 anyatra kahIM para upalabdha nahIM hAtA / aba prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki ukta gurvAvalI meM sUrAcArya ko pUrvavarttI tathA droNAcArya ko uttaravartI prAcArya batAyA hai| aura prabhAvaka caritra meM sUrAcArya ko droNAcArya kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai, isa prakAra kI sthiti meM ina donoM ullekhoM meM se kise prAmANika mAnA jAye / isa sambandha meM sUrAcArya aura droNAcArya ke samaya ke aitihAsika tathyoM, tithikramoM para vicAra karane se hI sarvasammata nirNaya para pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra gurjara nareza durlabharAja kI vidyamAnatA pATaNa nagara meM caityavAsI sabhI AcAryoM kA vasativAsI AcArya varddhamAnasUri evaM unake ziSya jinezvarasUri ke sAtha zAstrArtha huA / una caityavAsI AcAryoM meM pradhAna AcArya kA nAma sUrAcArya thA / sUrAcArya ko aura unake sAtha Aye hue sabhI caityavAsI prAcAryoM ko jinezvarasUri ne zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA aura isa prakAra gurjara pradeza kI rAjadhAnI anahilapura paTTaNa meM vasativAsa kI sthApanA huii| yaha aitihAsika ghaTanA anahilapurapattana ke cAlukyavaMzI rAjA durlabhasena ke rAjyakAla kI hai / durlabhasena kA rAjya zilAlekhoM evaM tAmrapatroM ke AdhAra para itihAsajJoM dvArA IsvI san 1010 se 1022 - 23 tadanusAra vi. saM. 1067 se 1079-80 taka nizcita kiyA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM kA yaha zAstrArtha durlabharAja ke sAnnidhya meM huA thA / mahArAjA durlabharAja ne bAda meM vijayI hue varddhamAnasUri, jinezvarasUri Adi vasativAsiyoM ko pATaNa nagara meM rahane aura dharma kA pracAra karane kI anujJA ke sAtha-sAtha rahane ke liye karahaTTI nAmaka vasati bhI pradAna kI / isa aitihAsika kAla gaNanA ke anusAra sUrAcArya kA samaya athavA unakA astitva vikrama saM. 1080 taka kA nissaMzaya rUpa se nizcita ho jAtA hai / sUrAcArya ke samaya ke sambandha meM isa prakAra ke sunizcita nirNaya ke anantara droNAcArya ke samaya para vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka ho jAtA hai / abhayadevasUri aura droNAcArya donoM samakAlIna aura eka dUsare ke prati pUrNa sauhArdabhAva rakhane vAle AcArya the | abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAGgavRtti kA nirmANa vi. saM. 1920 meM kiyaa| usa vRtti kA saMzodhana droNAcArya ne kiyA / isake sAtha hI abhayadevasUri dvArA vi. saM. 1920 meM nirmita jJAtAdharma kathAGgavRtti kA saMzodhana bhI prAcArya droNa ne kiyA / isa sabhI bhAMti paripuSTa aitihAsika tathya se droNAcArya kI sattA vi saM. 1120 kI siddha hotI hai / isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vi. saM. 1080 meM sUrAcArya caityavAsI paramparA ke pradhAna AcArya the aura unake 40 varSa pazcAt caityavAsI paramparA ke pradhAnAcArya pada para droNAcArya vidyamAna the / isase sahaja hI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki sUrAcArya droNAcArya se pUrvavartI AcArya the aura sambhavataH droNAcArya ke 'guru bhI / sUrAcArya pATaNa meM varddhamAnasUri aura jinezvarasUri ke samaya meM vidyamAna the
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa-2 ] droNAcArya [ 161 aura unake 40 varSa pazcAt unake pradhAnAcArya pada para vidyamAna AcArya droNa vastutaH varddhamAnasUri ke praziSya abhayadevasUri ke samaya meM vidyamAna the / ___ina uparilikhita aitihAsika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para prabhAvaka caritrakAra dvArA sUrAcArya ko jo droNa kA ziSya athavA droNa ko sUrAcArya kA guru batAyA gayA hai, usakI aitihAsika tathyoM se puSTi nahIM hotI aura itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAle vijJoM ko prAcArya droNa ke sambandha meM yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hogI ki ve kSatriyakula meM utpanna huye the aura gurjarezvara mahArAjA bhIma (prathama) ke mAmA .. __AcArya prabhAcandra ne apanI kRti prabhAvaka caritra kI prazasti meM ina zabdoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai :-"Arya vajra ke pazcAdvartI jina-jina AcAryoM ke jIvana caritra prastuta kiye haiM, unameM se katipaya prAcAryoM ke jIvana caritra prAcIna granthoM se, katipaya prAcAryoM ke jIvana caritra vayovRddha, jJAnavRddha sthaviroM, zrutadharoM ke mukha se sunakara aura katipaya prAcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta idhara-udhara se saMkalitaekatrita kara likhe haiM, kyoMki vartamAna yuga meM pUrvAcAryoM ke jIvana caritra vastutaH duSprApya haiM / likhita athavA karNa-paramparA se jo kucha upalabdha ho sakA hai, una saba ko milA kara una jIvana caritroM ko likhA hai, jo khaNDa vikhaNDa meM idhara-udhara bikhare hue the|"| isa prakAra AcArya prabhAcandrasUri ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki unhoMne katipaya AcAryoM ke jIvana caritra karNaparamparA se sunakara likhe haiN| saMbhava hai sUrAcArya kA jIvanavRtta likhate samaya karNaparamparA se cale A rahe isa kathAnaka ko kisI vayovRddha se sunA ho aura usa AdhAra se sUra AcArya ko droNAcArya kA -ziSya likha diyA ho| karNaparamparA se calI A rahI sunI-sunAI bAta meM isa ..prakAra kI truTi kA ho jAnA, pahale kA nAma bAda meM aura pIche kA nAma pahale prA jAnA asaMbhava nahIM hai / astu / __isa prakAra kI sthiti meM droNAcArya ke sambandha meM kSatriyakulotpanna hone kA jo ullekha hai, vaha vastutaH inhIM droNAcArya ke lie samajhA jAnA cAhiye / isa sambandha meM eka kathAnaka smaraNa ho pAtA hai vaha isa prakAra hai-"rAjA bhoja kI rAjya sabhA meM cAra viduSiyAM upasthita huiiN| unhoMne apanI kAvya pratibhA 1. zrI vajrAnupravRttaprakaTa munipatipRSThavRttAni tattad granthebhyaH kAnicicca zrutadharamukhataH kAnicit saGkalayya / duSprApatvAdamISAM vizakalitataryakatracitrAvadAtaM jijJAsakAgrahANAmadhigatavidhaye'bhyuccayaM sa pratene / / 17 / / -prabhAvaka caritra, prazasti pRSTha 215
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________________ 192 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 se rAjA bhoja evaM usakI digdiganta meM prasiddha vidvad maNDalI aura bhoja kI rAja sabhA ko camatkRta kara diyaa| jaba una cAroM kavayitriyoM se unakA vaMza paricaya pUchA gayA to unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM uttara diyA, "rAjA bhoja kI vidvad maNDalI kI anUThI kalpanA zakti evaM ajJAta tathya kI vAstavikatA prakaTa karane ke kauzala kI bar3I prazaMsA sunI hai| to kyA hamArI jAti ke sambandha meM vAstavikatA jJAta karanA yahAM ke kaviyoM ke liye koI kaThina kArya hai ?" paryApta vicAra-vimarza ke anantara bhI una cAroM viduSI mahilAoM kI jAti jJAta kara lene kA kisI vidvAn ne sAhasa nahIM kiyA, to antatogatvA mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne isa kArya ko pUrA karane kA bIr3A utthaayaa| ___ kAlidAsa ne una cAroM viduSI mahilAoM ke kakSa ke pAsa vAle aise kakSa meM apanA palaMga bichavAyA, jahAM una cAroM mahilAoM kI bAta-cIta spaSTataH sunAI de sakatI thii| una viduSI mahilAoM ke nidrAdhIna ho jAne ke anantara kAlidAsa bhI apane liye niyata kakSa meM jAkara so gae / kAlidAsa sadA brahmamuhUrta meM uThane vAle dharma-niSTha vidvAn the / ve brahmamuhUrta meM uThe aura apane pAsa ke kakSa kI ora kAna lagA kara baiTha gye| ghaTikA paryanta pratIkSA karane ke anantara unake karNarandhroM meM una cAroM viduSI mahilAoM meM se eka viduSI kI, tadanantara dUsarI kI, tatpazcAt tIsarI kI aura anta meM cauthI viduSI kI vINAjhaMkRtitulya sumadhura kaNTha-dhvani gujarita huI : "paraM prAcI piGgA rasapatiriva prASya kanakam, parimlAnazcandro budhajana iva grAmya sadasi / parikSINAstArAH nRpataya ivAnudyamaparA, na rAjante dIpAH draviNa rahitAnAmiva guNAH / / " . cAroM viduSiyoM kI kaNThadhvani se to kAlidAsa rAjyasabhA meM hI paricita ho cuke the, ina cAroM padoM ko sunakara una cAroM mahilAoM ke vaMza kA paricaya bhI prApta kara liyA aura ve tatkAla apane bhavana kI ora lauTa kara nityakarma se nivRtta hone meM pravRtta ho gye| rAjA bhoja ne rAja sabhA meM upasthita ho jaba mahA kavi kI ora iMgita kiyA to kAlidAsa ne apanI alaMkArapUrNa bhASA meM una cAroM viduSiyoM kI ora kramazaH saMketa karate hue kahA :-"Apa svarNakAravaMza kI zobhA meM cAra cAMda lagAne vAlI, ye brahmakula kI kIrtipatAkA, ve raNa meM aura kAvyagoSThI meM samAna rUpa se utkRSTa yaza prApta karane vAle vidvadjana hRdaya samrATa rAja rAjezvara mahArAja bhoja ke samAna kSatriya kula ko suzobhita karane vAlI mahilA ratna haiM, aura ye jo cauthI viduSI haiM ve zreSThi kula kI zRgAra-rasikA mahilA ratna haiM / "
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] droNAcArya [ 163 cAroM viduSiyAM stabdha ho kAlidAsa kI ora dekhatI raha gii| una cAroM ne rAjA bhoja ko pragati mudrA meM abhihita karate hue nivedana kiyA--"rAjan ! Apa dhanya haiM, jinheM mahAkavi kAlidAsa jaise sarasvatIputra sakhA ke rUpa meM prApta hue haiN| hamane koI aisA kArya nahIM kiyA, jisase kisI ko hamArI jAti kA AbhAsa taka ho sake / hameM Azcarya hai ki hamAre dvArA anabhivyakta tathya ko mahAkavi ne pUrNataH yathA tathya rUpa meM prakaTa kara diyaa| yaha kaise huA, basa yahI jAnane kI hamAre antarmana meM utkaNThA hai|" kAlidAsa ne una cAroM dvArA cAra padoM meM abhivyakta kiye gaye prAta:kAla ke varNana ke zloka ko sunAte hue kahA-"Apake antarha da se udgata huI prAkRtika kAvya dhArA ne Apake vaMza kA paricaya de diyA hai|" kramazaH 'rasapati:,' 'budhajana,' 'napataya,' aura 'draviNarahitAnAm' kI ora mahAkavi ne una cAroM mahilAoM kA dhyAna dilaayaa| sabhyoM sahita ve cAroM viduSiyAM AzcaryAbhibhUta ho ninimeSa dRSTi se mahAkavi kI aora apalaka dekhatI hI raha gii| yaha kathAnaka itihAsa kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne vAle zrama se parizrAntamanA pAThakoM ke kevala manoraMjanArtha hI nahIM apitu --"caityavAsI paramparA ke mahAn prAcArya droNasUri kSatriya kula ke pradIpa the"--isa aitihAsika tathya kI puSTi ke liye bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / droNAcArya ne apanI ekamAtra kRti-"aodhaniyuktivRtti ke Adya maGgalAcaraNa kI prathama paMkti meM saMbhavataH apane vaMza ko hI prakaTa karate hue likhA hai : "arhadbhyastribhuvana rAjapUjitebhyaH" arthAt--trilokI ke rAjAoM dvArA pUjita arhad bhagavAn ko maiM praNAma karatA huuN| uparyukta zloka kI bhAMti yaha pada bhI droNasUri kI kSatriya jAti kA dyotaka honA caahiye| ___ itihAsa kI eka anabujhI pahelI ko hala karane ke zrama se pAThakoM ke paridhAnta mana evaM mastiSka ko kAvya kI rasadhArA se gataklama karane ke anantara aba punaH vijJa vicArakoM kA dhyAna caityavAsI paramparA ke pradhAnAcArya zrI droNAcArya ke jIvana vRtta ke eka aise pahalU kI ora AkarSita kiyA jArahA hai, jo aitihAsika dRSTi se sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai / yaha to isa itihAsa mAlA ke tRtIya bhAga meM aura prastuta kiye jA rahe caturtha bhAga meM bhI batAyA jA cukA hai ki mahAn kriyoddhAraka AcArya varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri dvArA vikrama samvat 1080 ke Asa-pAsa pattanAdhIza durlabharAja kI rAjya sabhA meM caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ko, jinameM droNAcArya ke pUrvavartI caityavAsI pradhAnAcArya sUrAcArya bhI sammilita the, zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara diye jAne ke pazcAt caityavAsI paramparA kI sAkha janamAnasa se uTha cukI thii| aisA pratIta ho rahA thA ki caityavAsI paramparA kA abhedya kahA jAne vAlA gar3ha ati
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________________ 164 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sannikaTApanna samaya meM hI Dhaha kara dhUlisAt hone vAlA hai / aise saMkrAntikAla meM droNAcArya ne caityavAsI paramparA kI bAgaDora smbhaalii| unhoMne apanI paramparA ke astitva ko banAye rakhane ke liye sarvaprathama apanI paramparA ke apane adhInastha vividha vidyAoM meM niSNAta vidvAn prAcAryoM ko grAgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna denA prArambha kiyA, jisase ki ve pratipakSI paramparA dvArA Agamika AdhAra para kiye jA rahe pracAra ke pramukha pahaluoM se bhalI-bhAMti avagata ho apanI paramparA meM bhI aparihArya paristhitiyoM meM paramAvazyaka sudhAra kI bhUmikA taiyAra kara skeN| isake sAtha hI badalatI huI paristhitiyoM meM kina-kina pahaluoM, rItinItiyoM aura mAnyatAoM para pATaNa meM lokapriya hotI jA rahI navoditA vasativAsI athavA suvihita paramparA ke sAtha unakI apanI caityavAsI paramparA kA mataikya saMbhava ho sakatA hai, isa pahalU para bhI droNAcArya ne gahana cintana-manana ke pazcAt isa dizA meM bar3I hI sUjha-bUjha ke sAtha kAma liyaa| isake liye unhoMne abhayadevasUri ke sAtha melajola bar3hA, samanvayaparaka nIti kA avalambana liyA / caityavAsI paramparA ke caurAsI gacchoM ke pradhAnAcArya aura pATaNa ke mahAn saMgha ke pramukha pada ke dhAraka hote hue bhI unhoMne samanvayavAdI nIti kA avalambana lekara navoditA suvihita paramparA ke prAcArya abhayadevasUri ke prati atyadhika sammAna prakaTa karanA zurU kiyaa| prAcArya droNa vAcanA meM sammilita hone ke liye Ate hue abhayadevasUri ko dekhakara tatkAla khar3e hote aura unake prati isa prakAra kA utkRSTa sammAna prakaTa karate, jisa prakAra kA ki koI choTe pada vAlA vyakti apane se bar3e pada vAle pUjya ke prati prakaTa karatA hai| apane do bar3e padoM kI garimA ke viparIta apanI suvizAla evaM sudRr3ha paramparA kI tulanA meM eka choTI-sI nagaNya paramparA ke prAcArya ke prati isa prakAra kA utkRSTa sammAna apane mahAn pradhAnAcArya dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAnA caityavAsI paramparA ke anya 83 prAcAryoM ko pahale pahala bar3A khaTakA / ve apane pradhAnAcArya se ruSTa hokara binA kucha kahe cupacApa apaneapane maThoM kI aora binA vAcanA liye hI lauTa gye| abhayadevasUri ke sAtha uttarottara sahayoga bar3hAkara yenakena prakAreNa apanI mAnyatA kI giratI huI pratiSThA ko banAye rakhanA hai, isa lakSya se droNAcArya ne apane adhInastha AcAryoM ko samajhAyA ki jina AcArya ke prati ve apratyAzita bahumAna prakaTa kara rahe haiM, ve abhayadevasUri koI sAmAnya prAcArya nahIM haiN| ve AgamoM ke talasparzI marmajJa aura prAcArya ke yogya sabhI guNoM ke nidhAna haiM / unake prati jitanA sammAna prakaTa kiyA jAya, thor3A hai| isa prakAra apane adhInastha AcAryoM ko athavA apane anuyAyiyoM ko bhalIbhAMti samajhA bujhAkara droNAcArya ne abhayadevasUri ke prati pUrvavat pUrNa sammAna prakaTa karate hue unake sAtha samparka ko uttarottara bar3hAye rakkhA / droNAcArya kI isa dUradarzitA kA pariNAma yaha nikalA ki abhayadevasUri ne svayaM dvArA racita
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] droNAcArya [ 165 aGgavRttiyoM kA droNAcArya se saMzodhana karavA kara una vRttiyoM ko savabhojJA bnaayaa| ye vRttiyA~ abhayadevasUri dvArA nirmita haiM, isa dRSTi se suvihita paramparA ke sAdhu, sAdhvI,zrAvaka aura zrAvikA varga unheM prAmANika mAnane lage to dUsarI ora ye vRttiyA~ hamAre mahAn pradhAnAcArya droNAcArya dvArA saMzodhita kI gaI haiM, isa dRSTi se caityavAsI paramparA ke saba anuyAyI bhI una vRttiyoM ko suvihita paramparA kI bhAMti hI parama prAmANika mAna kara AgamoM kA gahana jJAna prApta karane ke liye una vRttiyoM kA upayoga bhI karane lge| una vRttiyoM kI sahAyatA se apane zAstrajJAna ko uttarottara abhivRddha karane lge| jahA~ isa prakAra kA sahayoga Agama kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM saMbhava ho jAtA hai to sahaja hI yaha vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki choTI-moTI anyAnya mAnyatAoM rIti-rivAjoM, vidhi-vidhAnoM Adi ke saMbaMdha meM bhI droNAcArya kI usa dUradarzitA ke phalasvarUpa AdAna-pradAna, mAnanA-manavAnA, haThAgraha chor3a kara paraspara eka-dUsare kI choTI-bar3I sabhI prakAra kI mAnyatAoM ko apane-apane saMgha meM sammilita karanA Adi bAtoM para donoM paramparAoM ke karNadhAra avazyameva mataikya para pahu~ce hoNge| Aja suvihita paramparA meM jitanI bhI anAgamika mAnyatAe~ jitane bhI pAgama pratipaMthI rIti-rivAja, kriyA-kalApa, anuSThAna, Ayojana Adi pracalita haiM, "eka mAtra gaNadharoM evaM caturdazapUrvadharoM dvArA grathita Agama hI hamAre liye prAmANika haiM, AgamoM ke atirikta itara kucha bhI prAmANika nahIM'-isa prakAra kA udghoSa vikrama saM. 1080 meM anahilapurapattana kI rAjya sabhA meM karane vAlI vasativAsI paramparA meM niyukti, bhASya, cUNi aura bRtti sAhitya Agama ke tulya hI mAnya dRSTigocara ho rahA hai, vaha saba AcArya droNa kI anokhI sUjha-bUjha evaM adbhuta dUradarzitA kA hI pratiphala hai / yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai / isa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA ke pradhAnAcArya droNasUri ne apanI paramparA kI giratI huI pratiSThA ko punaH pratiSThita kiyA, apanI paramparA ke Dhahate hue gar3ha ko dhUlisAt hone se bacA kara apanI pratipakSI vasativAsI paramparA ke sAtha samparka bar3hA pATaNa ko punaH apanI paramparA ke eka sudRr3he gar3ha kA svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| droNAcArya kI isa dUradarzitA kA caityavAsI paramparA ke lie to sabase bar3A sukhada pariNAma yaha huA ki jo caityavAsI paramparA vikrama kI gyArahavI zatAbdI ke samApta hone ke sAtha-sAtha hI isa AryadharA se samApta hone vAlI thI, vaha punarujjIvita ho uThI aura vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa taka yena-kena prakAreNa apane astitva ko banAye rakhane meM saphala ho skii| antatogatvA vikrama kI 17vIM zatI meM caityavAsI paramparA samApta to ho gaI para droNAcArya kI sUjhabUjha aura dUradarzitA ke pariNAmasvarUpa caityavAsI paramparA dvArA AviSkRta aneka
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________________ 196 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-4 prakAra kI anAgamika mAnyatAeM, aneka prakAra ke Agama viruddha vidhi-vidhAna anuSThAna, bAhyADambara Adi katipaya to apane mUla svarUpa meM aura katipaya parivartita svarUpa meM Aja bhI suvihita kahalAI jAne vAlI paramparAtroM meM unake pramukha dhArmika kRtyoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| dUsarI ora droNAcArya kI isa adbhut sUjhabUjha aura acintya dUradarzitA kA duHkhada duSpariNAma suvihita paramparA athavA vasativAsI paramparA ke lie yaha huyA ki dharma ke vizuddha mUla svarUpa meM caityavAsiyoM dvArA praviSTa kI gaI aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyoM aura caityavAsI paramparA dvArA vizuddha zramaNAcAra meM AmUlacUla praviSTa kiye gaye zithilAcAra ko mUlataH naSTa kara ina donoM ke vizuddha mUla svarUpa ko punaH pratiSThApita karane ke jisa lakSya se vasativAsI paramparA kI caityavAsI paramparA ke gar3ha pATaNa meM pratiSThApanA kI gaI thI, usa lakSya kI prApti vIra nirvANa kI 20vIM zatAbdI taka sucAru-rUpeNa prApta nahIM ho skii| droNAcArya kI .dUradarzitApUrNa samanvayavAdI nIti ne, unake mela-jola, samparka-sahayoga ne dharma kA vizuddha mUla svarUpa prakaTa karane ke lie kaTibaddha huI vasativAsI paramparA kI dharma krAnti ko eka lambe samaya taka ke liye ThaNDA kara diyaa| eka mAtra Agama ke AdhAra para saba prakAra kI vikRtiyoM ko dUra kara dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI punaH pratiSThApanA kA varddhamAnasUri kA svapna droNAcArya kI anUThI sUjhabUjha ke pariNAmasvarUpa sAkAra nahIM ho skaa| droNAcArya ke jIvana kA yaha eka aisA mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika pahalU hai jisakI mora tathyAnveSI zodhapriya vidvAnoM ko agretara zodha karane kI AvazyakatA hai| AzA hai ve isa dizA meM gahana khoja kara droNAcArya ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM para vizeSa prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa avazyameva kreNge| isa vAstavikatA ko to pratyeka jaina svIkAra karegA ki droNAcArya kI dUradarzitA ne unheM suvihita paramparA meM bhI amara banA diyA / jaba taka abhayadevasUri dvArA nirmita navAGgI vRttiyAM pracalita raheMgI taba taka abhayadevasUri ke sAtha sAtha droNAcArya kA nAma bhI sAdhakoM dvArA smaraNa kiyA jAtA rhegaa| abhayadevasUri ke prati samanvayaparaka pArasparika sahayoga kA hAtha bar3hA unake prati asIma sammAna pradarzita kara droNAcArya ne unake (abhayadevasUri) dvArA nirmita vRttiyoM ko saMzodhita karane kI unase svIkRti prApta kara una vRttiyoM ko zodhita bhI kiyA isase pratyeka vijJa sahaja hI anumAna lagA sakatA hai ki sambhavataH droNAcArya ne vRttiyoM kA saMzodhana karate samaya apanI caityavAsI paramparA kI katipaya mAnyatAoM ko bhI ina vRttiyoM meM samAviSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA ho / abhayadevasUri ke prati AzcaryakArI sammAna prakaTa kara unakA pragAr3ha vizvAsa prApta
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] droNAcArya [ 197 karane ke pazcAt unhoMne isakA lAbha isa rUpa meM uThAyA ho to koI pAzcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / "akAraNamanuddizya na mando'pi pravartate"-isa tathyaparaka sUkti ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yadi Agama-marmajJa vidvAn kSIra-nIra vivekapUrNa sUkSma dRSTi se zodha kareM to sambhava hai kucha AzcaryakArI tathya prakAza meM paayeN| sambhava hai isa svariNama avasara se lAbha uThA ve apanI paramparA kI svalpAdhika mAnyatAmoM ko vRttiyoM meM samAviSTa karane ke lobha kA saMvaraNa na kara sake hoN| ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para caityavAsI paramparA ke . pradhAnAcArya droNasUri kA jIvanavRtta jaina itihAsa meM bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa siddha hogaa| AzA hai Agama marmajJa prAcArya, satya ke prabala pakSapAtI santa, prabuddha pAThaka evaM zodhapriya vidvAn isa dizA meM prayAsa kara zodhapUrNa prakAza DAlane kI kRpA kreNge|
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________________ bha0 mahAvIra ke 50veM paTTadhara prA0 zrI vijayaRSi ke prAcAryakAla ko rAjanaitika sthiti " zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke 50veM paTTadhara prA0 zrI vijayaRSi ke prAcAryakAla (vIra ni0 saM0 1524-1586) meM mahamUda gajanavI ne vi0 saM0 1058 se 1087 ke bIca kI 26 varSa kI avadhi meM bhArata para 17 bAra AkramaNa kara bhArata ke aneka bhAgoM ke janajIvana ko astavyasta evaM bhayatrasta kara diyaa| apane pahale sainika abhiyAna meM hI mahamUda gajanavI ko ratnajaTita anamola AbharaNoM, svarNa, hAthI Adi ke rUpa meM apAra dhana-sampadA prApta huii| ataH bhArata ko sone ke cir3iyA samajha kara bhArata ke dhana se apane deza ko samRddha evaM sampanna (mAlAmAla) banAne ke liye usane kula milA kara 17 bAra bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM para AkramaNa kiye aura khulakara jI bhara lUTa-khasoTa kii| bhArata para kiye gaye una apane sainika abhiyAnoM meM mahamUda gajanavI ne na kevala bhArata kI sampatti lUTakara apane deza ko samRddha hI kiyA apitu bhArata ke aneka pavitra tIrthasthAnoM-mandiroM ko bhUmisAt karane ke sAtha-sAtha sahasroM mUrtiyoM ko tor3A aura bhISaNa janasaMhAra kara aneka nagaroM evaM grAmoM ke nivAsiyoM ko balAt dharmaparivartana ke liye bAdhya bhI kiyaa| mahamUda ke pitA subuktagIna kI mRtyu ke pazcAt lAhora ke rAjA jayapAla ne vi0 saM0 1034 meM svIkAra kI gaI gajanI kI adhInatA se mukara evaM apane Apako svatantra ghoSita kara gajanI kI hukUmata ko khirAja Adi denA banda kara diyA / isase ruSTa ho mahamUda ne vi0 saM0 1058 meM eka bar3I senA le lAhora kI ora prayANa kiyaa| lAhora ke rAjA jayapAla ne bhI eka zaktizAlI senA ke sAtha, jisameM 300 hAthiyoM kI senA bhI sammilita thI, pezAvara ke pAsa mahamUda gajanavI kI senA kA mArga rokaa| donoM senAoM ke bIca bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| agnivarSaka naphthoM ke prahAroM se rAjA jayapAla ke 5000 yoddhA vIragati ko prApta hue| ghora saMgrAma ke pazcAt mahamUda ne rAjA jayapAla ko usake bhAI putra Adi 15 AtmIya janoM ke sAtha baMdhuA banA liyaa| mahamUda gajanavI ko isa lUTa meM, atyadhika vipula mAtrA meM sampadA milI, jisameM 16 ratnajaTita bahumUlya kaNThe bhI the| mahamUda ne ratnapArakhI jauhariyoM ko bulA kara, una kaNThoM ke mUlya ke sambandha meM unase puuchaa| jauhariyoM ne sabhI bhAMti parIkSaNoM ke anantara una solaha kaNThoM meM se eka kaNThe kA mUlya eka lAkha 80 hajAra svarNa dInAra ke barAbara prAMkA / "dvAtriMzadattikAparimitaM kAMcanaM iti bharataH' isa ullekhapUrvaka zabdakalpadruma meM eka dInAra kA bhAra 32 rattI mAnA gayA hai / lUTa meM prApta huI isa sampatti ke atirikta mahamUda ne bandI banAye
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 166 hue rAjA jayapAla ko tIna mahIne bandI rakhane ke pazcAt mukta karate samaya usase daNDa ke rUpa meM yatheccha dhana bhI prApta kiyaa| mahamUda kI kaida se mukta hone para rAjA jayapAla ne apane putra ko apanA rAjya saMbhalA kara usa samaya taka kSatriya rAjAoM meM pracalita pAramparika rItinIti kA anusaraNa karate hue do bAra yuddha meM parAjita ho jAne ke kAraNa agni meM praveza kara apanA prANAnta kiyaa| isa ghaTanA ke katipaya varSa pazcAt multAna ke abula phataha dAUda nAmaka zAsaka ne apane Apako svatantra ghoSita kara mahamUda ko khirAja denA banda kara diyaa| mahamUda jisa samaya dAUda para AkramaNa karane AyA, usa samaya AnandapAla ne mahamUda se pratizodha lene ke liye dAUda kI sahAyatA kii| isase kruddha ho mahamUda ne vi0 saM0 1066 meM AnandapAla ke viruddha sainika abhiyAna kiyaa| usa samaya taka bhArata ke aneka rAjAoM ke mAnasa meM isa prakAra kI utkaTa bhAvanA jAgRta ho cukI thI ki musalamAnoM ke rAjya ko yena kena prakAreNa bhArata se ukhAr3a pheMkane ke liye eka juTa ho yuddha kiyA jAya / AnandapAla ne bhArata ke vibhinna rAjAoM ke pAsa apane dUta bheja kara mahamUda ke sainika abhiyAna ko viphala evaM usakI sainika zakti ko naSTa karane hetu unase sainika sahAyatA maaNgii| muslima AtatAyI ko sadA ke liye bhArata se khader3a dene kI eka lahara sI bhAratIyoM ke mAnasa meM taraMgita ho uThI thii| tadanusAra bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM se mahilAoM ne bhI apane apane jevara beca kara dhanarAzi ekatrita kI aura mahamUda ke sainika abhiyAna ke viruddha yuddha hetu vaha rAzi AnandapAla ke pAsa sahAyatA ke rUpa meM bhejii| tIsa hajAra gakkhara yoddhA bhI mahamUda ko raNAMgaNa meM parAsta karane ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha AnandapAla kI sahAyatA ke liye, usakI senA ke sAtha prA mile| ujjaina, gvAliyara, kAliMjara, kannoja, dillI aura ajamera ke zAsaka bhI apanI senAoM ke sAtha AnandapAla kI sahAyatArtha mahamUda se yuddha karane ke liye A upasthita hue| bhAratIya senAoM ne lagabhaga 40 dina taka pezAvara ke pAsa zivira DAle rakhe / lambI pratIkSA ke pazcAt mahamUda kI senA bhAratIya senA ke sammukha AI aura mahamUda ne apane dhanurdhAriyoM ko AjJA dI ki jAjvalyamAna naphthoM se saMyuta tIroM kI varSA se ve bhAratIya senA meM bhagadar3a utpanna kara deN| 30 hajAra gavakhara yoddhAoM ne bar3I vIratA se nirantara Age bar3hate raha kara mahamUda ke dhanurdhAriyoM ko parAsta kara pIche kI ora khader3a diyA aura mahamUda kI senA ke madhyabhAga taka pahuMca kara zatrusenA kA saMhAra karane lage / usa bhISaNa saMgrAma meM zauryazAlI gakkhara yoddhAoM ne thor3e se hI samaya meM mahamUda kI senA ke 5000 yoddhAoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA / vijayazrI bhAratIyoM ke hAtha lagane hI vAlI thI ki sahasA, mahamUda ke isa AkramaNa se 267 varSa pUrva vi0 saM0 766 meM sindha ke rAjA dAhira aura araba senApati kAsima ke bIca
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________________ 200 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -- bhAga 4: sindha yuddha meM ghaTita huI eka atyanta durbhAgyapUrNa ghaTanA kI punarAvRtti ho gii| jalate hue naphthe se saMyukta eka tIra rAjA AnandapAla ke hAthI ke kapola meM gaharAI taka A ghusA / tIra ke gahare ghAva ke sAtha hI sAtha naphthe kI dussaha ya dAhaka jvAlAoM se saMtrasta ho AnandapAla kA hAthI karNavedhI ciMghAr3a karatA huA raNAMgaraNa se bhAga niklaa| isa apratyAzita ghaTanA se har3abar3A kara rAjA ke hAthI ke prAge, pIche aura donoM pAvoM meM lar3a rahe bhAratIya sainika bhI yuddha bhUmi se bhAga khar3e hue| bhAratIya senAoM ne samajhA ki rAjA AnandapAla raNa meM pITha dikhA kara bhAga gayA hai / isa AzaMkA se abhibhUta ho uparyullikhita chahoM rAjAoM kI senAeM bhI raNabhUmi se palAyana karane lagI aura isa prakAra kucha hI kSaNoM ke anantara prApta hone vAlI vijayazrI ke sthAna para bhArata kI senAoM ko prabala sainya zakti ke hote hue bhI parAjaya prApta huii| mahamUda ko atula dhana-sampadA ke sAtha hI pracura mAtrA meM hAthI prAdi sainika sAja-bAja aura yuddha sAmagrI prApta huii| vi0 saM0 1075 meM mahamUda gajanavI ne kannoja para AkramaNa kara vahAM ke rAjA rAjyapAla ko apane adhIna kiyA, jisase use pracura mAtrA meM dhana-sampatti prApta huii| tadanantara usane yamunAtaTa para base mahAvana para AkramaNa kiyaa| vahAM ke rAjA kulacandra ne zatru se yuddha karane ke liye senA ke sAtha prayAraNa to kiyA kintu zatru kI sainya zakti ke samakSa apanI sainya zakti ko aparyApta samajha parAjaya ke kalaMka se bacane ke liye apane parivAra ko mAra kara zatru se yuddha karane se pUrva hI AtmaghAta kara liyaa| mahAvana kI lUTa meM mahamUda ko 80 hAthI aura vipula dhanarAzi milii| ___ mahAvana ko lUTane ke pazcAt mahamUda ne mathurA para AkramaNa kiyaa| usa samaya mathurA para vAraNa (bulanda zahara) ke DoDiyA jAti ke haradatta nAmaka rAjA kA zAsana thaa| thor3e se sainikoM ke atirikta mahArgha ya mUrtiyoM evaM adbhuta kalAkRtiyoM ke kendra athavA pratIka svarUpa mathurA jaise nagara kI surakSA kA koI samucita prabandha nahIM thA / ataH nAma mAtra kI choTI sI lar3AI ke anantara hI mahamUda gajanavI ne mathurA para sahaja hI adhikAra kara liyaa| mahamUda ne binA kisI ullekhanIya pratirodha ke, sone aura cAMdI kI mUrtiyoM ko tor3A / una mUrtiyoM meM jar3e hue anamola lAla, panne, hIre Adi ratnoM ko mahamUda ne apane adhikAra meM liyaa| mathurA ke sabhI mandiroM kI mUrtiyoM ko galavA kara usane maNoM sonA aura cAMdI kI zilAeM hastagata kii| isa prakAra lUTa meM prApta huI apAra dhana-sampadA sAtha liye vaha gajanI kI ora lauTA aura mArga meM jitane bhI maMdira mile unheM evaM unakI mUrtiyoM ko todd'aa| . yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki mathurA meM mahamUda ne mUrtiyAM to itanI tor3I ki unake galAne para sone aura cAMdI ke vizAla Dhera laga gaye kintu usane mathurA ke
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 201 mandiroM ko nahIM tor3A / isakA kAraNa batAte hue usane ( mahamUda ne ) apane gajanI ke hAkima ko likhA thA : "yahAM (mathurA meM ) asaMkhya mandiroM ke atirikta 1000 prAsAda musalamAnoM ke ImAna ke samAna dRr3ha haiM / unameM se kaI to saMgamaramara ke bane hue haiM, jinake banAne meM karor3oM dInAra kharca hue hoMge / aisI imArateM yadi 200 varSa lageM to bhI nahIM bana sakatIM / 1" mahamUda gajanavI ne vi0 saM0 1082 meM somanAtha mandira kI apAra dhanarAzi ko lUTane aura vahAM kI usa samaya kI sarvAdhika camatkArika mAnI jAne vAlI somanAtha kI mUrti ko tor3ane ke lakSya se somanAtha para mulatAna aura usase Age ke janazUnya registAna ke mArga se AkramaNa kiyA / usake sAtha kI vizAla senA meM 30 hajAra cune hue ghur3asavAra the| registAnI mArga meM anna-jala ke darzana taka durlabha the ataH usane 30 hajAra UMToM para vipula mAtrA meM anna evaM jala kA saMgraha kara somanAtha kI ora prayANa kiyA / vaha pauSa mAsa ke zukla pakSa meM guruvAra ke dina somanAtha pahuMcA / phiriztA ke ullekhAnusAra vizAla gurjara rAjya kA mahArAjA bhImadeva prathama ( vi0 saM0 1076 - 1126 ) somanAtha ke mandira kI rakSA ke liye apanI senA ke sAtha somanAtha pahuMcA / dUsare dina zukravAra ko mahamUda ne samudra taTa para avasthita sudRr3ha kile para AkramaNa kiyaa| bar3I bhayaMkara lar3AI huI / isa yuddha meM somanAtha kI rakSArtha ekatrita hue yoddhAoM ne mahamUda kI senA para zastrAstroM ke bhISaNa prahAra kiye / apanI atyadhika sainika kSati hotI dekha mahamUda ke sainika sIr3hiyAM lagAkara kile para car3ha ge| phiriztA ke ullekhAnusAra somanAtha kI rakSArtha Ae hue anahilavAr3e ke mahArAjA bhImadeva ne 3000 musalamAna sainikoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA / isa kile para vijaya prApta karane ke lie musalamAnoM ne dIna kI pukAra kara apanI pUrI tAkata batAI to bhI mahamUda ke itane sainika mAre gae ki yuddha kA pariNAma saMdehAspada pratIta hone lagA / 2 rAtri ho jAne ke kAraNa usa dina kI lar3AI banda kara dI gaI aura dUsare dina sUryodaya ke sAtha hI punaH ghamAsAna yuddha prArambha huA / isa yuddha meM bhISaNa narasaMhAra huA / mandira kI rakSA ke lie ekatrita hue yoddhA bar3e-bar3e jhuNDoM meM mandira meM jAkara ro-ro kara prArthanA karane lage aura prArthanA ke pazcAt antima zvAsa taka mandira kI rakSA ke lie lar3ate rahe / antatogatvA bhISaNa narasaMhAra ke pazcAt mahamUda somanAtha ke mandira meM praviSTa huA / mandira meM sIse se mar3he sAgavAna ke 56 stambha the / somanAtha kI 1. 2. briga, phiriztA, ji0 1, pR0 58-56 vahI
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________________ 202 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 mUrti Thosa patthara kI thI, jo pAMca hAtha UMcI, do hAtha pRthvI meM gar3I huI thii| usakI paridhi 3 hAtha thii| vaha mUrti eka andhere kamare meM thI, jisameM ratnajaTita dIpakoM kA prakAza rahatA thA / mUrti ke nikaTa 200 mana tola kI sone kI zRkhalA thI jisameM ghaNTe laTakate the, jinheM eka-eka prahara ke antara se svarNazRkhalA ko hilA-hilA kara bajAyA jAtA thaa| mUrti ke kamare ke pAsa hI bhaNDAra thA, jisameM sone tathA cAMdI kI bahuta sI mUrtiyAM aura bahumUlya ratnoM se jaTita vastra the| mahamUda ne gurja se mUrti ko tor3A / usakA eka hissA usane vahIM jalavA diyA aura dUsarA hissA vaha lUTa meM somanAtha ke mandira se prApta hue sonA, cAMdI, ratnarAzi Adi bahumUlya vastuoM ke sAtha gajanI le gayA aura somanAtha kI mUrti ke usa Tukar3e se vahAM kI jAme masjida ke daravAje kI eka sIr3hI bnvaaii| ____somanAtha para mahamUda gajanavI dvArA kie gae isa bhISaNatama janasaMhArakArI AkramaNa meM kula milAkara 50 hajAra se bhI adhika bhAratavAsiyoM ko apane prANoM kI bali denI par3I aura 20 lAkha dInAra se bhI adhika mUlya kA mAla mahamUda gajanavI ke hAtha lagA / jise vaha apane sAtha gajanI le gyaa|' isa prakAra bhArata ko jana-dhana kI apUraNIya mahatI kSati kina kAraNoM se uThAnI par3I ? apane hI deza meM, vipula jana-dhana zakti kA sadbhAva hote hue bhI bhAratavarSa ke nivAsI bAhara se Aye hue AtatAyiyoM ke hAthoM bher3a-bakarI kI bhAMti mauta ke ghATa kina kAraNoM se utAra diye gae ? mahamUda gajanavI ke AkramaNoM ke pazcAt zahAbuddIna gaurI dvArA bhI bhArata para AkramaNa kie ge| zahAbuddIna gaurI ke AkramaNoM ke pazcAt to bhArata para musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM kA tAMtA sA laga gyaa| musalamAnoM dvArA bhArata para kiye gae una AkramaNoM meM bhAratavAsiyoM ko bArambAra katlegrAma-sAmUhika janasaMhAra, sAmUhika balAtdharma-parivartana Adi kA zikAra kyoM honA par3A, yaha prazna pratyeka bhAratIya ke hRdaya ko zatAbdiyoM se kacoTatA huA usake antara meM kabhI zAnta na hone vAlI TIsa utpanna karatA calA pA rahA hai / sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI yaha socatA hai ki jo bhArata, prAdhyAtmika, sAMskRtika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura vizva-kalyANakAriNI rItinItiyoM athavA gatividhiyoM ke kSetra meM sahasrAbdiyoM paryanta vizva kA nAyaka rahA, usakA vikrama kI dazavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA prAdurbhAva hote hI isa prakAra kI viparIta evaM dayanIya dazA ke rUpa meM kAyApalaTa kina kAraNoM se aura kyoM ho gyaa| bhAratIya itihAsa kI atIta meM ghaTita haI Atyantika aitihAsika mahattva kI ghaTanAoM ke pariprekSya meM taTastha dRSTi se gahana cintana ke anantara bhArata aura bhAratIyoM ko isa prakAra kI asamaMjasapUrNa dayanIya durdazA meM pahuMcAne vAlA nimnalikhita kevala 1 rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, pahalI jilda, pRSTha 263
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 203 eka hI pramukha kAraNa niSkarSa ke rUpa meM ubhara kara hamAre samakSa AtA hai / alaberUnI, prAra. sI. majUmadAra Adi anekAneka labdhapratiSTha itihAsavidoM dvArA prastuta kiye gaye anyAnya sabhI kAraNoM kA janaka yahI ekamAtra mUla kAraNa hai ki narazArdUla ke samAna sammAnapUrNa jIvana jIne ke liye anivAryarUpeNa Avazyaka "saha nAvavatu, saha nau bhunakta , sahanau vIryaM karavAvahai, tejasvi nAvadhItamastu mA vidviSAvahai"--arthAt, hama milakara sAtha-sAtha uThe-baiThe, sAtha-sAtha samAna rUpa se khAyeM-pIveM, bhogopabhogoM kA upabhoga kareM, hama milakara eka sAtha pauruSapUrNa parizrama kareM, hamArA sarvAMgINa adhyayana tejasvitApUrNa arthAt utkRSTa koTi kA ho aura hama paraspara eka dUsare se kabhI dveSa na kareM, isa mUla mantra ko hamane, hama bhAratIyoM ne zanaiH zanaiH bhulAnA prArambha kara diyaa| pragatipatha para agrasara karane vAle isa mUlamantra ke vismaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhAratIyoM ne samaya-samaya para aneka bAra jhaTake sahe, aneka bAra adhaHpatana kI ora unmukha hue / jhaTakoM se sambhala kara jaba isa mUla mantra kA smaraNa kiyA, apane jIvana meM ise DhAlanA prArambha kiyA to punaH pragatipatha para ArUr3ha hue| isa prakAra kI apakarSotkarSAtmaka prakriyA ke calatecalate vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke AvirbhAva ke AsapAsa pragati ke isa mUlamantra ko bhAratIya apanI kathanI aura karaNI-donoM meM hI bhUla baitthe| "saha nAvavatu"-hama eka hI dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha eka juTa ho prazasta supatha para sAtha-sAtha caleM--isa sakala kArya-siddhipradAyI mahAmantra ko vismRta kara diye jAne kA bhayaMkara duSpariNAma yaha nikalA ki saba apanI-apanI icchAnusAra kevala svayaM ke hI svArthoM kI pUrti ke uddezya se eka dUsare kA sAtha chor3a, eka dUsare se viparIta patha para bar3hane lage / koI pUrva dizA kI ora drutagati se daur3ane lagA to dUsarA pazcima kI ora, tIsarA dakSiNa aura cauthA uttara dizA kI ora / isase sampUrNa bhArata kI mati dizAvihIna ho gii| saMghazakti kA cinha taka avaziSTa na rhaa| __"saha nau bhunakta" hameM hamAre sAmUhika-sammilita prayAsa-parizrama se jo bhI bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI upalabdha ho, usakA samAna rUpa se baMTavArA kara hama sabhI samAna rUpa se sAtha-sAtha upabhoga kareM--isa AtmIyatA se ota-prota bhAI-cAre ke mahAmantra ko bhulA baiThane ke kAraNa ine-gine logoM ko viziSTa prakAra kI bhogya sAmagrI upalabdha karAne ke prayAsa se varNavidveSa evaM pArasparika kalaha kI uttarottara abhivRddhi hotI gii| varNavizeSa, vargavizeSa athavA jAtivizeSa ne bhogopabhoga kI adhikAdhika sAmagrI apane liye hI surakSita athavA nirdhArita rakhane kI abhilASA se sattA hathiyAne ke prayAsa prArambha kiye / sattA hathiyAne ke liye pArasparika kalaha aura lar3AI-jhagar3oM kA daura "dina dUnA-rAta caugunA" bar3hane lgaa|
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________________ 204 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "saha nau vIrya karavAvahai" hama mila kara eka juTa ho sarvAMgINa abhyudayotkarSa evaM samaSTi ke kalyANa ke lie pauruSa prakaTa kareM-isa, sva-para tathA samaSTi ke liye kalyANakArI mahAmantra ko bhUla kara bhAratIya svArtha ke vazIbhUta ho kevala apanI sukha-suvidhA evaM samRddhi ke liye hI prayatnazIla rahane lage / sAmUhika zakti chinna-bhinna ho gii| sabala sampanna varNa evaM varga apane se nirbala varNa athavA vargoM se, sabala jAtiyAM nirbala jAtiyoM se aura zakti-sampanna rAjA loga apane Apako aura adhika sazakta banAne ke prayAsa meM paraspara lar3ane lge| jo zakti apane deza evaM dezavAsiyoM ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa, abhyudaya-utkarSa meM purAtana kAla se lagatI calI A rahI thI, vaha sampUrNa zakti svArthAbhibhUta bhAratIyoM dvArA paraspara eka-dUsare ko dabAye rakhane, kSINa banAne, azakta banAne aura yahAM taka ki mAra DAlane athavA naSTa karane meM vyartha hI vyaya hone lgii| rASTrIya bhAvanA eka prakAra se pUrNataH vilupta ho gii| alpasaMkhyaka vargoM, vargoM athavA jAtiyoM kA varcasva pRthak-pRthak kSetroM meM khaNDita-vikhaNDita rUpa meM chA gyaa| sAdhana-sampanna alpasaMkhyaka jAtiyoM ne apane Apako savarNa evaM sabhI prakAra kI sukha-suvidhAoM kA sarvocca adhikArI ghoSita kara bahusaMkhyaka sAdhanavihIna athavA vipanna jAtiyoM ko achUta, zUdra Adi saMjJA se abhihita kara unheM na kevala rAjanaitika, sAmAjika evaM zaikSaNika adhikAroM se hI. apitu unake janmasiddha mAnavIya adhikAroM taka se vaMcita kara diyaa| isa sabakA ghora duSpariNAma yaha huA ki bhArata kI kula janasaMkhyA kA eka bahuta bar3A bhAga deza kI rAjanIti se ekadama udAsIna ho gyaa| rASTrIya bhAvanA ke vilupta ho jAne aura zAsakoM ke paraspara lar3ate-jhagar3ate rahane ke kAraNa rASTravyApI prabhusattA kA astitva taka avaziSTa nahIM rhaa| isa sabake pariNAmasvarUpa deza kI surakSA kI ora dhyAna dene vAlI kisI sarvocca zakti athavA rAjasattA kA bhArata meM vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke pazcAt koI cihna taka nahIM rahA / deza meM eka sArvabhauma sattA ke abhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa deza kI surakSA ke liye sAdhana juTAne, dhana lagAne Adi kI dizA meM kisI kA dhyAna nAmamAtra ke liye bhI AkarSita nahIM haa| bhArata meM usa samaya dhana sampadA kA kiMcitmAtra bhI abhAva nahIM thaa| sampUrNa deza bar3A sampanna evaM samRddha thA, isI kAraNa videziyoM ne bhArata ko sone kI cir3iyA kI saMjJA dI / sArvabhauma prabhusattA ke abhAva meM surakSA ke liye jo dhana lagAyA jA sakatA thA usakA vyaya kalAkRtiyoM ke .. oka vizAla bhavanoM, mandiroM aura sone kI ratnajaTita bhArI bharakama mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM hone lagA / apAra sampadA ke nidhAna tulya una bhavanoM evaM mandiroM kI surakSA kA bhI samucita prabandha na hone ke kAraNa ve vastutaH videziyoM ko bhArata para AkramaNa karane hetu nimantraNa dene vAle AkarSaNa kendra evaM unheM punaH punaH bhArata kI ora Amantrita karane vAle agradUta hI siddha hue| yadi bhArata meM usa samaya sArvabhauma zaktizAlI prabhusattA hotI to usa dazA meM na to itanI atula-amita sampadA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 205 AtatAyI AkrAntAoM ke hAtha hI lagatI aura na itanI bar3I saMkhyA meM bhAratavAsiyoM kA janasaMhAra hI hotaa| "tejasvI nAvadhItamastu" arthAt hamArA sarvAMgINa adhyayana tejasvitApUNa ho, jisase ki hamArI tejasvitA uttarottara bar3hatI hI rahe-isa mahAmantra ko bhulA denA bhI bhAratavAsiyoM ke liye bar3A bhayaMkara abhizApa siddha huaaa| abhyudaya, utkarSa, sarvAMgINa vikAsa aura vijJAna kI daur3a meM vizva ke anyAnya deza kitane Age bar3ha gaye haiM, saMsAra ke anya dezoM meM kahAM-kahAM kyA-kyA ho rahA hai, isa dizA meM vikrama kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI ke Agamana ke sAtha hI saMbhavataH bhAratavAsiyoM kA adhyayana vastutaH zUnyavat rhaa| dariyApAra ke dezoM kI yAtrA na kI jAya, bhArata ke pazcimI pradeza kI aTaka Adi mahAnadiyoM ko bhI dariyA kI saMjJA dI jAkara unako pAra karane para brAhmaNoM dvArA sAmAjika pratibandha lagA diyA gayA / isa pratibandha ke uparAnta bhI yadi kisI ne dariyA pAra ke dezoM kI yAtrA kA dussAhasa kiyA to use samAja se bahiSkRta kara use mleccha kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAne lgaa| isakA duSpariNAma yaha hA ki bhAratIya janatA saMsAra ke anyAnya dezoM, mukhyattaH par3osI dezoM kI prayatizIla matividhiyoM, yuddha meM vijaya prApta karane ke uddezya se una dezoM ke dvArA kiye gaye abhinava AviSkAroM prAdi se pUrNataH anabhijJa banI rhii| vikrama kI pAThavIM zatAbdI (vikrama saM. 768) meM sindha pradeza para araboM dvArA kiye gaye AkramaNa ke samaya sindha ke rAjA dAhira aura araba senApati kAsima kI senAoM ke yuddha meM araboM dvArA prAviSkRta abhinava asva agnipuJja naphthe ne yuddha kI nirNAyaka ghar3iyoM meM dAhira kI vijaya ko ghora parAjaya meM parivartita kara diyA, yaha vastutaH bhAratIyoM ke tejasvitAvarddhaka adhyayana ke nitAnta prabhAva kA hI kAraNa thaa| vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI meM araboM ke hAthoM huI usa parAjaya ke uparAMta bhI bhAratIyoM ne vi. saM. 1066 taka raNakauzala biSayaka videziyoM ke isa vijJAna kA "tejasvI nAvadhItamastu" isa mahAmantra se mukha mor3a kara adhyayana nahIM kiyA / usakA durbhAgyapUrNa pariNAma yaha huA ki subuktagIna (mahamUda gajanavI ke pitA) ke sAtha hue saMgrAma meM jabaki vijayazrI bhAratIya yoddhAoM kA varaNa karane vAlI thI, eka naphthA lAhora ke rAjA AnaMdapAla ke hAthI ke kapola meM lagA aura rAjA ko liye hue hAthI ke bhAgate hI bhAratIya senA raNAMgaNa se bhAga khar3I huI aura bhAratIyoM ko bhayaMkara apamAnajanaka parAjaya kA muMha dekhanA pdd'aa| tatkAlIna, bhAratIyoM kI saMkIrNatApUrNa anabhijJatA ke sambandha meM mahamUda gajanavI ke samaya meM aneka varSoM taka bhArata meM rahe prasiddha jyotirvida evaM itihAsakAra alberUnI ne apanI aitihAsika kRti "tahakIke hinda" meM pratyakSadarzI
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________________ 206 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ke rUpa meM jo likhA hai usakA prAMgla bhASA meM rUpAntara pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke lie yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : "The Hindus", Says he, "believe that there is no country but their's, no. king like their's, no science like theirs............ If they travelled and mixed with other nations they would have soon changed their mind." Al-Beruni also remarks that "their ancestors were not so narrow-minded as the present generation."! isa prakAra apane pUrvajoM se virAsata ke rUpa meM prApta "tejasvI nAvadhItamastu" isa dRr3ha saMkalpa svarUpa hitaprada mantra ke vismaraNa kA kaTutama phala bhAratIyoM ko bhoganA pdd'aa| "mA vidviSAvahai" hama eka dUsare ko apanA sahodara samajha kara paraspara kabhI dveSa na kareM-isa mahAmantra ke 6 akSaroM meM se prathamAkSara 'mA" ko to bhAratIyoM ne pUrNa rUpa se hI bhulA diyA aura antima pAMca akSaroM "vidviSAvahai" (hama paraspara eka dUsare se dveSa kareM) ko apane vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika kSetra meM, apane jIvana ke hara kSaNa, hara lahameM, hara pala meM mana, vacana evaM karma se kriyAnvita karanA prArambha kara diyaa| isakA ghora durbhAgyapUrNa dayanIya duSpariNAma yaha huA ki bhArata kA rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, zaikSaNika, dhArmika evaM vaiyaktika saMtulana pArasparika vidveSa kI pracaNDa prAMdhI meM arka-tula (Aka kI rUI) kI bhAMti pUrNataH chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| bhArata kI saMghazakti itanI burI taraha bikhara gaI ki bhArata para videzI AtatAyiyoM ke AkramaNa kA tAMtA sA laga gayA / rASTravyApI sArvabhauma sattAsampanna sazakta zAsana athavA prabhusattA ke abhAva meM paraspara lar3a kara pahale se hI azakta bane hue rAjyoM ke zAsaka videzI AkramaNoM ke samakSa na Tika pAne ke kAraNa, eka-eka karake sabhI rAjya bar3I tIvra gati se bAlU ke mahala kI bhAMti Dhahate hI cale gaye / dezavyApI janamAnasa meM vyApta varNa-vidveSa, ucca varNa ucca jAti, ucca kula ke thothe dambha, dhArmika asahiSNutA, jhaThe matAgraha aura jana-jana ke mana meM ghara kiye hue apanI-apanI hI zreSThatA ke ahaM ne khulakara tANDava nRtya kiyA, jisakA sarvanAzI duSpariNAma yaha huA ki sampUrNa bhArata ke kisI bhI pradeza, nagara athavA 1. The History and Culture of Indian people Vol. V. The struggle for Empire, page 127 ___By R. C. Majumdar
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 207 grAma kA vAtAvaraNa pArasparika kalaha-kleza se achUtA nahIM rahA aura sAmUhika sadbhAva, sAmUhika satprayAsa ke darzana taka bhArata meM durlabha ho gaye / isa prakAra kI kalahapUrNa-vidveSajanya sArvatrika sthiti ke phalasvarUpa mahatI mahanIyA AryadharA ke abhyudayotthAna ke dvAra eka prakAra se avaruddha aura adhaHpatana ke dvAra dazoM dizAoM meM khule ho gye| bhAratavAsiyoM evaM bhAratIya rAjAoM ke adhaHpatana ke uparivaNita kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue sAmpratayugIna labdhapratiSTha itihAsakAra Ara. sI. majUmadAra A The History and Culture of the Indian People--The Struggle for Empire (Part V) Cause of Collepses of Hindu RulezIrSaka ke antargata likhA hai : Subject to these natural limitations we may refer to some of the causes of the downfall of the Hindus that appear probable in the light of the available data. The foremost among these seem to be the iniquitous system of caste and absence of contact with the outside world. The first resulted in a fragmentation of Indian society into mutually exclusive classes, among whom the privileged minority preserved theirvested interests by depriving the masses of many civic rights, specially of education and of free intercourse and association on equal terms with their fellowmen, and further, by imposing on them the most irritating disabilities on the one hand, and a tremendous weight of innumerable duties and obligations towards the privileged classes on the other. And this evil led to another. It bred among the leaders of the Indian people a vain pride in isolationism and insularity and that attitude of arrogance which has been noticed by Al-Biruni. "The Hindus", says he, "believe that there is no country but theirs, no king like theirs, no science like theirs........ If they travelled and mixed with other nations they would have soon changed their mind." Al-Biruni also remarks that "their ancestors were not so narrow-minded as the present generation." This spirit of exclusive superiority was created and maintained by a process of intellectual fraud, in as much as almost the entire
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________________ pos] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 literature of the period was utilised for this purpose and the . masses were asked to follow it blindly in the name of the Holy Writ, to question whose authority was an unpardonable sin. It became thus a part of the Hindu Dharma not to cross the seas or even the territorial limits of certain hallowed areas. This insularity contributed largely to the supineness of the Indian Chiefs, and their utter lack of appreciation of the higher values of patriotism and national freedom in the context of India as a whole, apart from the narrow geographical regions in which they lived. Consequently they were unable to comprehend the far-reaching importance of, and the proper measures for, frontier defence, in view of the great political changes and evolution in military tactics which were taking place in the world outside. The degraded level to which the majority of people was pushed down made them indifferent to country-wide dangers and kindred problems. This alone made possible the woeful situation that while the invaders swept across the country, the masses mostly remained inert. The people of the land, with a few exceptions, were indifferent to what was happening around them. Their voice had been hushed in silence by a religio-social tyranny. No public upheaval greets the foreigners, nor are any organised efforts made to stop their progress. Like a paralysed body, the Indian people helplessly look on, while the conqueror marches on their corpse. They look staggered, for a moment, only to sink back into a pitiable acquiescence to the inevitable to which they have been taught to submit. Then again the false ideals of Kshatriya chivalry, taught them by their mentors, made the Rajput princes paralyse one another by perpetual internecine conflicts, and what was more fatal, made them oblivious of a broad national vision and patriotic sentiment. This alone can explain why, or how, at a time when the country was threatened with a grave peril, the rulers of
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 206 the land devoted the best part of their energies in mutual fighting. The enormous wealth of the country was spent in building and enriching the temples which they proved unable to protect; whereas the most appropriate use for these resources should have been to organise a common defence against the invaders, backed by a national effort On the contrary it was the very fabulous wealth of these defenceless temples and sacred towns which invited the foreigners and contributed greatly to the consequent disaster. History had no meaning for the Hindu Kings, who presided over the destinies of this woe-striken land. The repeated warnings of the past went unheeded. The onslaught began with the Arab conquest of Sindh in the eighth century when the Hindus got a fore taste of what might happen in the future. But it assumed formidable proportions under the lead of Mahmud at the end of the tenth and beginning of the eleventh century. The next century and a half witnessed a cessation of this onslaught, barring a few comparatively minor and irregular raids. But when the offensive was resumed by another Turk, even though he was far inferior to Mahmud, he found the victim as ready for slaughter as it was two centuries earlier. mahamUda gajanavI dvArA bhArata para kiye gaye saMhAraka satraha AkramaraNoM ke samaya bhArata meM aneka varSoM taka rahakara bhArata kI tatkAlIna dayanIya astavyasta dazA ke pratyakSa.draSTA musalamAna itihAsakAra aburihAM alberUnI ne aura sAmpratayugIna labdhapratiSTha itihAsavid vidvAn Ara. sI. majUmadAra ne videzI AkrAntAoM ke hAthoM bhArata kI punaH puna: parAjaya para parAjaya aura bhAratIya rAjAoM ke adhaHpatana evaM vinAza ke kAraNoM para uparivariNata rUpa meM jo prakAza DAlA hai, usase spaSTataH yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki vikrama kI AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI se hI bhAratavAsiyoM ne sAmUhika rUpa se "saha nAvavatu, saha nau bhunaktu, saha nau vIrya karavAvahai, tejasvInAvadhItamastu mA vidviSAvahai"-isa sarvasiddhipradAyI mahAmantra ko bhulAnA prArambha kara diyA thaa| isa mahAmantra ke vismaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa AtatAyiyoM dvArA bhAratIyoM kA anekoM bAra bhISaNa saMhAra kiyA gayA, bhArata kI atula-aparimeya dhana-sampadA ko lUTA gayA, bhAratIyoM ko balAt dharmaparivartana ke liye bAdhya kiyA gayA aura Arthika, rAjanaitika evaM manovaijJAnika Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se bhAratavAsiyoM ko aisI apUraNIya kSati pahuMcAI gaI ki 1000 varSa vyatIta ho jAne ke uparAnta isa
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________________ 210 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 bIsavIM zatI meM bhI bhAratIya adyAvadhi apanI pUrva sthiti ke anurUpa pUrNataH apane pairoM para khar3e nahIM ho pAye haiN| vikrama kI AThavIM zatI se prArambha hue evaM aneka zatAbdiyoM taka calate rahe videzI AtatAyiyoM ke AkramaNoM se bhArata ke zAsaka varga kI, kuberopama sampatti ke svAmI vyApArI varga kI aura kula milA kara bhAratIya nAgarikoM ke pratyeka varga kI jo jana, dhana evaM manobala kI apUraNIya kSati huI, usake smaraNamAtra se hI pratyeka sahRdaya sihara uThatA hai / bhArata para apane 17 bAra ke AkramaNoM ke daurAna kI gaI lUTa se apane deza ko mAlAmAla aura apanI gajanI kI hukUmata ko eka bahuta bar3I zaktizAlI hukUmata kA svarUpa dene ke pazcAt vi0 saM0 1087 (vIra ni0 saM0 1557) meM mahamUda gajanavI ne apanI ihalIlA samApta kii| mahamUda kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake putra apAra daulata aura sattA ke liye paraspara lar3ane lge| mahamUda ke choTe putra masUda ne apane bar3e bhAI sulatAna muhammada ko gajanI ke takhta se haTA use andhA banA diyA aura svayaM gajanI rAjya kA svAmI bana gyaa| thor3e hI samaya pazcAt gajanI kI senA ne masUda ko padacyuta kara, usake dvArA apadastha evaM andha kiye gaye usake bar3e bhAI mahamUda ko punaH gajanI kA sulatAna banA diyaa| kucha hI samaya pazcAt muhammada ke putra ahamada ne vIra ni0 saM0 1566 meM masUda ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyaa| usI varSa masUda ke putra maudUda ne muhammada ko mAra kara gajanI ke takhta para adhikAra kara liyaa| isa prakAra mahamUda gajanavI ke uttarAdhikArI putra-pautra Adi paraspara hI lar3a-bhir3a kara kaTa mare aura mahamUda gajanavI dvArA saMsthApita evaM bhArata se lUTa meM prApta apAra daulata ke bala para sudRr3ha kI gaI gajanI kI saltanata para antatogatvA vi0. saM0 1206 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1676 ke AsapAsa saiphuddIna gaurI ke bhAI allAuddIna husaina gaurI ne adhikAra kara gajanI ke turka rAjya kA anta kara diyA / __uparyukta avadhi ke bIca mahamUda gajanavI kI mRtyu ke lagabhaga 14 varSa pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 1571 meM dillI ke hindU rAjA ne hAMsI, thANezvara, sindha aura nagarakoTa para adhikAra kara vahAM se musalamAnoM ko bhagA diyaa| vahAM mandiroM meM mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA-pUjA evaM mandiroM ke navanirmANa Adi ke kArya punaH prArambha hue| usI avadhi ke Asa-pAsa paMjAba ke choTe-bar3e rAjAoM ne mila kara lAhaura para bhI AkramaNa kiyA kintu 7 mAsa ke kar3e saMgharSa ke anantara paMjAba ke hindU rAjAoM kI yuddha meM parAjaya ho gaI aura isa prakAra lAhaura kA rAjya gajanavI ke sulatAnoM ke adhIna hI rahA / isa prakAra vIra nirvANa kI solahavIM zatAbdI kA adhikAMza samaya bhAratIya itihAsa kI dRSTi se bar3A hI durbhAgyapUrNa evaM bhAratavAsiyoM ke liye vastutaH bar3A trAsakArI rhaa| 000000
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________________ jaina dharma saMgha para dakSiNapatha meM punaH saMkaTa ke ghAtaka ghane kAle bAdala prastuta granthamAlA ke tRtIya puSpa meM vistAra ke sAtha prAmANika zilAlekhoM aura aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki gaMga, kadamba, rASTrakUTa aura hoysala rAjavaMzoM ke zAsana kAla meM dakSiNa meM jainadharma kI, jaina saMgha kI, ullekhanIya abhivRddhi huii| unake rAjyakAla meM jainadharma kI gaNanA dakSiNa ke dharmoM meM eka pramukha dharma ke rUpa meM kI jAne lagI thii| IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI taka dakSiNa meM jainadharma bahujana sammata sarvAdhika varcasvazAlI evaM zaktisampanna dharma mAnA jAtA rhaa| vIra nirvANa samvat 1501 tadanusAra IsvI samvat 674 meM rASTrakUTa vaMzIya rAjA indra caturtha ke saMlekhanApUrvaka dehAvasAna ho jAne para pazcimI cAlukyoM kA zAsana kAla aayaa| pazcimI cAlukyoM ke zAsana kAla meM jainadharma kI pragati eka prakAra se avaruddha sI ho gaI / rAjyAzraya ke kAraNa jainadharma eka sarvAdhika varcasvazAlI dharma mAnA jAtA thA vaha pazcimI cAlukyoM ke zAsanakAla meM rAjyAzraya na milane se zanaiH zanaiH gauraNa hotA calA gyaa| jaina vasatiyoM meM se jainoM ke ArAdhyadevoM kI mUrtiyAM aneka kSetroM meM ukhAr3a kara pheMka dI giiN| jaina pratimAoM ke sthAna para paurANika zaiva athavA vaiSNava mUrtiyAM pratiSThApita kara dI giiN| kintu isa prakAra kI sthiti adhika samaya taka nahIM calI / IsvI san 1126 meM kalcurI rAjA vijjala ne cAlukya rAja ke siMhAsana para adhikAra kara apane Apako sArvabhauma mahArAjA ghoSita kiyaa| vijjala ke prArambhika zAsanakAla meM jainadharma kI punaH caumukhI pragati prArambha huii| vijjala svayaM jaina thA aura usane apane Apako cakravartI ghoSita kiyA thaa| isa samaya jaina saMgha ne apanI khoI huI zakti ko punaH sugaThita kiyA aura punaH eka zaktizAlI dharmasaMgha kA rUpa dhAraNa karane lgaa| kintu jainadharma kA yaha varcasva vastutaH asta hote hue dIpaka kI TimaTimAhaTa ke samAna hI thaa| mahArAjA vijjala kA basavA nAmaka eka mantrI gupta rUpa se liMgAyata dharma kA pracAra karane lagA aura apane isa dharma ke pracAra ke liye vaha kalyANI ke rAjyakoSa ko apanI icchAnusAra vyaya karane lgaa| antatogatvA jaba vijjala ko yaha jJAta huA ki usakA rAjadrohI mantrI basavA apane rAjyakoSa se bahuta bar3I dhanarAzi liMgAyata dharma ke pracAra 1. (a) zravaNavelagola zilAlekha saMkhyA 57 (9) Shravan belgol Inscriptions, by. b Appendix B. page 71 Lewis Pice M. R. A. S.,
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________________ 212 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 prasAra para vyaya kara rahA hai to usane rAjyakoSa kI dekha-rekha kA kArya apane hAtha meM le liyaa| ___ isa para mantrI basavA ne mahArAjA vijjala ko dhokhe se jahara dilavAkara maravA DAlA / vijjala ke rAjakumAroM ne basavA ko mAra DAlane ke liye usake ghara para AkramaNa kiyA kintu aparAdhI basavA vahAM se pahale hI bhAga nikalA thaa| rAjakumAroM ne apanI senA ke sAtha basavA kA pIchA kiyaa| dhAravAr3a ke pAsa basavA ne jaba yaha dekhA ki vijjala ke rAjakumAra apanI senA ke sAtha usakA pIchA kara rahe haiM to usane apane bacAva kA aura koI upAya na dekha kara eka kueM meM chalA~ga lagA lii| basavA kA prANAnta ho gyaa| kintu usakI gaNanA dharma para prANa nyauchAvara karane vAle mahAvIra ke rUpa meM kI jAne lgii| liMgAyatoM ne cAroM ora rAjadroha kA jhaMDA uThA kara jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA sAmUhika saMhAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| liMgAyata sAdhuoM dvArA banAye gaye krAntigIta jana-jana kI jivhA para gajarita hone lge| una krAntigItoM kA jana-jana ke mana para aisA prabhAva par3A ki vizAla kalacurI rAjya kI sImAoM meM jainoM para aneka prakAra ke bhISaNa atyAcAra kiye jAne lge| variMgajaga jAti, jo zatAbdiyoM se jaina dharma kI anuyAyinI aura karNATaka kI sarvAdhika sampattizAlinI jAti ginI jAtI thI, liMgAyatoM ne usa jAti kA balAt sAmUhika dharma parivartana karavAkara pUrI kI pUrI vaNijaka jAti ko jaina se liMgAyata dharma kI anuyAyinI jAti banA diyA / jaba taka variMgajaka loga jaina dharma ke anuyAyI rahe ve zatAbdiyoM se na kevala apane pradeza meM hI apitu dUra-dUra ke pradezoM evaM kSetroM meM bhI jaina dharma ke pracAra prasAra ke liye pracura mAtrA meM dhana vyaya karate rahe / variMgajaka jAti ke balAt jaina se liMgAyata banA diye jAne para jaina dharma para eka ora to jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA meM kamI hone kA bhayaMkara AghAta pahuMcA aura dUsarI ora usa dhanADhya jAti se jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye prApta hone vAlI vipula dhanarAzi ke nitAnta avaruddha ho jAne ke kAraNa jainadharma ke pracAra prasAra kArya para bar3A hI pratikUla prabhAva pdd'aa| liMgAyatoM ke manobala ko uttarottara bar3hAte rahane vAlI aura jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke manobala ko pUrNataH kuThita kara dene vAlI aneka jana kathAeM liMgAyata sampradAya ke karNadhAroM dvArA karNATaka evaM Andhra pradeza meM prasArita kI gii| ina jana gItoM evaM jana kathAnakoM ne eka prakAra se Andhra pradeza meM to jainoM kA astitva taka sadA ke liye samApta kara diyaa| isa prakAra kI eka janakathA sara rAmakRSNa bhaNDArakara dvArA prakAza meM lAI gaI hai / usa kathAnaka kA nAma "mahAmaNDalezvara kAmadeva" hai / isa para kAla kA koI ullekha to nahIM hai kintu anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha IsvI san 1181 se 1203 ke bIca kI hai| usameM jo kathAnaka hai vaha isa prakAra hai :
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________________ dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para..." [ 213 "bhagavAn zaMkara aura mAtA pArvatI eka samaya kailAza parvata para eka zivabhakta mahAtmA kI kuTiyA meM atithi ke rUpa meM virAjamAna the / usa samaya nArada-'nArAyaNa nArAyaNa' kA sasvara jApa karate hue bhagavAn zaMkara ke samakSa upasthita hue / nArada ne bhagavAn zaMkara se nivedana kiyA"AryadharA para jainoM aura bauddhoM kI zakti prabala rUpa se bar3ha gaI hai / " sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] isa para bhagavAn zaMkara ne apane garaNa vIrabhadra ko prajJA pradAna karate hue kahA - " vIrabhadra ! tuma dharatI para mAnava ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa karo aura jainoM tathA bauddhoM kI zakti ko avaruddha kara una para apanA adhikAra sthApita karo / " bhagavAn ziva kI AjJA prApta hote hI vIrabhadra ne puruSottama paTTa (bhaTTa) nAmaka eka brAhmaraNa ko svapna meM sUcita kiyA- " dvijottama ! tumheM zIghra hI eka putraratna kI prApti hogI / " puruSottama bhaTTa kA svapna sAkAra huA aura usakI patnI ne samaya para eka tejasvI bAlaka ko janma diyA / mAtA-pitA ne usa bAlaka kA nAma rAma rakkhA / bAlaka rAma zaizavakAla se hI ziva kA bhakta thA aura jyoM-jyoM vaha bAlaka bar3A hotA gayA tyoM-tyoM usakA adhikAMza samaya bhagavAn zaMkara kI ArAdhanA meM vyatIta hone lagA / " isa kAraNa vaha bAlaka ekAntada ramaiyA ke nAma se vikhyAta huA / " isa kathAnaka meM Age batAyA gayA hai ki yahI ekAntada ramaiyA ke nAma se vikhyAta bAlaka rAma Age calakara apane deza meM jaina dharma ke varcasva ko samApta karane meM saphalakAma huA / isa loka kathAnaka meM Age yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaba ziva kA parama bhakta ramaiyA bhagavAn zaMkara kI pUjA karatA thA to usa samaya jainoM ne use lalakArA ki yadi tumhAre ArAdhya deva meM zakti hai to usakA camatkAra dikhAo / ekAntada ramaiyA ne pramukha jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM kI isa lalakAra ko sunakara bhagavAn zaMkara kI zakti kA camatkAra batAne ke uddezya se apane hAtha se hI apanA sira kATakara dhar3a se alaga kara diyA / apanA sira kATane se pahale ekAntada ramaiyA ne jainoM se yaha pratijJA karavA lI thI ki yadi vaha bhagavAn zaMkara kI zakti kA camatkAra batAne meM saphala ho gayA to jainoM ko apanI vasatiyAM chor3akara usa pradeza se bAhara cale jAnA hogA / jainoM ne hI use kahA thA ki tuma apane hAtha se apanA sira kATakara apane dhar3a se alaga kara do / yadi tumhAre ArAdhya deva kI zakti se tumheM apanA sira puna: prApta ho jAyagA -yadi tuma punaH jIvita ho jAoge to hama apanI pratijJA kA nirvahana kareMge / isa pratijJA ke pazcAt ekAntada ramaiyA ne apanA sira apane hAtha se kATa DAlA / lekina bar3e Azcarya kI bAta huI ki dUsare hI dina ekAntada ramaiyA pUrvavata sazira va sazarIra jainoM ke samakSa upasthita huA aura unase apanI pratijJA pUrNa karane
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kA aAgraha karane lgaa| jainoM ne apanI pratijJA ko bhaMga kiyA aura ve apanI vasatiyoM meM hI bane rhe| pratijJA vimukha jainoM para ekAntada ramaiyA bar3A kruddha huA aura usane usI samaya jainoM ke ArAdhanA sthaloM ko naSTa karanA prArambha kara diyaa| jainoM ne mahArAja vijjala ke samakSa upasthita hokara ekAntada ramaiyA ke viruddha apanA abhiyoga rakkhA / ekAntada ramaiyA bhI vijjala ke samakSa upasthita huA aura usane jainoM tathA apane bIca huI pratijJA ko doharAte hue kahA :-"maiM puna: Apake samakSa apane sira ko kATakara aura bhagavAn zaMkara ke kRpAprasAda se pUnaH use prApta karane kA camatkAra dikhAne ko kaTibaddha huuN|" yaha kahate hue ekAntada ramaiyA ne apanA sira punaH apane hAtha se hI kATakara tatkAla yathAvat rUpa meM phira prApta kara liyaa| isa camatkAra ko dekhakara mahArAjA vijjala ko zaiva dharma para pUrNa pratIti ho gaI aura usane jainoM ko apane rAja prAsAda se tatkAla bAhara cale jAne kA Adeza dete hue kahA :--"aba tuma saba loga zaiboM ke sAtha meM pUrNataH zAntipUrNa vyavahAra rkho|" . yaha hai kalacurI rAjya ke vizAla sAmrAjya meM parAjaya ke sAtha jainoM ke hrAsa kI kahAnI / isa kathAnaka meM Age yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jainoM ne apanI pratiSThA ko banAye rakhane ke liye aneka bAra prayAsa kiye kintu unheM eka bAra bhI saphalatA prApta nahIM huI / . isake atirikta jainoM ke hrAsa ke sambandha meM aneka prakAra ke loka kathAnaka pracalita hue| eka kathAnaka meM kahA gayA hai ki hoyasala rAjavaMza apane udaya ke sAtha hI jainadharma kA prabala samarthaka rahA kintu isa vaMza ke biTTI deva nAmaka eka bar3e zaktizAlI rAjA ne, jisakA ki zAsanakAla IsvI san 1111 se IsvI san 1141 taka rahA, 'apane zAsana ke uttarArddha kAla meM rAmAnujAcArya ke prabhAva meM Akara vaiSNavadharma svIkAra kara liyA aura apanA nAma viSNuvarddhana rakkhA / isase bhI jainadharma kA uttarottara hrAsa hI hotA calA gyaa| jahAM taka viTTIdeva viSNUvarddhana ke dharma parivartana kA prazna hai, isI itihAsamAlA ke tRtIya bhAga meM pramANa purassara yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki viSNUvarddhana ne coloM ke SaDyantra se yena kena prakAreNa baca kara apane yahA~ Aye hue rAmAnujAcArya ko apane rAja prAsAda meM Azraya diyA aura paryApta samaya taka unheM apane yahAM rakhA bhI kintu usane dharma parivartana nahIM kiyaa| vaha anta taka jainadharma kA anuyAyI hI banA rhaa| usakI mahArAnI zAntala devI bhI jaina dharma kI prabala pakSapAtinI thii| vaha bhI anta samaya taka AcArya prabhAcandra kI parama bhakta zrAvikA banI rhii| viTTIdeva viSNUvarddhana ke Azraya meM rAmAnujAcArya ke paryApti samaya taka rahane ke pariNAmasvarUpa logoM meM sambhava hai isa prakAra kI bAta phaila gaI ho ki viSNUvarddhana ne vaiSNavadharma svIkAra kara liyA hai / dharma parivartana na kiye jAne ke uparAnta
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para........ [ 215 bhI eka acchI avadhi taka vaiSNava dharma ke punaruddhAraka athavA saMsthApaka rAmAnujAcArya ke paryApta samaya taka viSNuvarddhana ke rAjaprAsAda meM rahane se isa prakAra kI bAta athavA aphavAha loka meM pracalita ho jAnA sahaja svAbhAvika hI hai ki usane jainadharma kA parityAga kara vaiSNavadharma svIkAra kara liyA hai| isa prakAra kI aphavAha athavA jana zruti ke yatra tatra loka meM pracalita ho jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhI jainoM ke manobala kA hrAsa honA tathA vaiSNava evaM liMgAyata sampradAyoM ke manobala kA abhivRddha ho jAnA svAbhAvika hI thA / vastutaH yaha to eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki bhArata meM prAcIna samaya meM jisa dharma ko rAjavaMza kA Azraya athavA prazraya jitanA adhika prApta huA utanI hI adhika usa dharma ne pragati kI aura rAjavaMzoM kA prazraya na pA sakane kI dazA meM usa dharma kA sunizcita rUpa se hrAsa huaa| isa prakAra zaktizAlI cola rAjAoM kI jainadharma ke prati zatrutApUrNa vRtti evaM liMgAyatoM dvArA jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke sAmUhika saMhAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa aura sambhavataH hoysala rAja viSNuvarddhana kI taTasthavRtti ke kAraNa bhI jainoM ko prabala AghAta sahane pdd'e| hoysala mahArAjA viSNugopa ke mantrI gaMgarAya ne tathA hoysalarAja narasiMhadeva ke mantrI hala ne jainadharma ko usake pUrva ke pratiSThita pada para adhiSThita karane ke aneka prayAsa kiye / kintu rAmAnuja sampradAya ke yojanAbaddha virodha evaM antatogatvA liMgAyatoM ke sarva saMhArakArI ghAtaka AkramaNoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharma kA dakSiNa meM uttarottara hrAsa hotA hI calA gyaa| - ina saba vikaTa paristhitiyoM ke uparAnta bhI jainadharma karNATaka pradeza meM pUrNataH naSTa nahIM huA / apane varcasva ke isa hrAsonmukha saMkrAntikAla meM bhI acchI saMkhyA meM jaina karNATaka pradeza meM vidyamAna rahe / maisUra ke uttaravartI rAjavaMza dvArA jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko samaya-samaya para sahAyatA bhI prApta hotI rhii| videzI zAsakoM kI bhI jainoM ke sAtha yatkicit udAratApUrNa vRtti hI rahI / udAharaNasvarUpa haidara nAika ne jaina mandiroM ko grAmadAna bhI kiye| IsvI san 1326 ke AsapAsa muslima AkrAntAoM ne hoysala rAjya ko ukhAr3a pheMkA / musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM se jo arAjakatA utpanna huI usa arAjakatA ke pariNAmasvarUpa vijayanagara meM eka zaktizAlI hindU rAja kA amyudaya huaa| vijayanagara ke cAlukyavaMzI rAjA prAya: vaiSNava dharmAvalambI rahe aura unake mantrI bhI adhikAMzataH brAhmaNa hI rahe / isa kAraNa jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko apanI zakti ke saMcaya kA to koI avasara nahIM milA, kintu vijayanagara ke zAsakoM ne vaiSNavadharmAvalambiyoM dvArA jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke viruddha kiye gaye abhiyAnoM se jainadharmAvalambiyoM kI rakSA avazya kii| vijaya nagara ke kisI bhI rAjA ne kisI jaina ko
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________________ 216 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 nahIM satAyA / vastutaH vijayanagara ke rAjAoM ne jainoM ko saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM saba prakAra se saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM IsvI san 1353 se IsvI san 1377 taka ke vijayanagara rAjya para cAlukyarAja bukkarAya ke zAsanakAla meM jo jainoM aura vaiSNavoM ke bIca meM eka aitihAsika sandhi karavA kara jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI bure vakta meM bar3I sahAyatA kI gaI, vaha saMsAra meM anyatra durlabha evaM atIva zlAghanIya Adarza hai / DaoN0 pI0 bI0 desAI ne bukkarAya ke isa anuzAsana ke sambandha meM apanI aitihAsika kRti " e hisTrI Apha kararNATaka" meM likhA hai : Minorities Protected :-One event of Bukka's reign which has assumed national importance on account of its magnitude in the socio-religious plain was the Jaina-Ramanuja conciliation. The dispute between the Jainas and the Shrivaishnavas (The followers of Ramanuja) over the rights and privileges in respect of the religious performances assumed serious proportions at this time. The Jainas, who were in a state of minority, were harassed by the Shrivaishnavas, who formed a majority. The Jainas, therefore, appealed to Vijayanagara Sovereign for justice. In the presence of the representatives of the two communities and the general public, who had assembled in his court, Bukka gave his verdict which may be styled the Jaina-Ramanuja award. According to the terms of the award, the majority community was held responsible for safe-guarding the rights, privileges and interests of the minority. In other words, it was the proclaimation of a royal charter of rights granted in favour of the minorities in the State. Instances are rare in history of such an equitable decision in religions disputes. This exemplary award stands testimony to the wisdom of the great monarch, who conferred it. It proved effective as it helped to establish goodwill among the various communities, classes and sections within his empire. This catholic out look outlined the general policy of all Vijayanagara Kings, who, following Bukka, transcended the narrow barriers and conferred equal rights and benefits to
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para... [ 217 their subjects belonging to different religions and faiths, be they Hind us of different sects.'' isakA hindI anuvAda isa prakAra hai :-- alpasaMkhyakoM ko bukkarAya dvArA diyA gayA saMrakSaNa vijayanagara ke mahArAjA bukkarAya ke zAsanakAla kI eka rASTrIya stara kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA se mahArAjA bukkarAya kI sAmAjika evaM dhArmika nyAya sambandhI atyanta udAratApUrNa vRtti prakAza meM AtI hai / vaha ghaTanA hai jaina, rAmAnuja saMgharSa kI samasyA kA samAdhAna karane vAlA bukkarAya kA anuzAsana / bukkarAya ke zAsanakAla meM jainoM aura rAmAnujAcArya ke anuyAyI zrI vaiSNavoM ke bIca apaneapane adhikAroM, suvidhAoM aura dhArmika anuSThAnoM ke prazna ko lekara bar3A saMgharSa utpanna huA / jaina dharmAvalambI, jo ki usa samaya alpasaMkhyaka ho cuke the, zrI vaiSNavoM dvArA jo ki usa samaya jainoM se bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM ho gaye the, satAye jAne lge| isa para pIr3ita jainoM ne vijayanagara ke sArvabhauma sattA sampanna mahArAjA bukkarAya ke samakSa nyAya kI yAcanA ke sAtha apanA pakSa rkhaa| mahArAjA bukkarAya ne donoM hI dharmAvalambiyoM ke pramukha pratinidhiyoM ko apanI nyAya sabhA meM bulAyA / mahArAjA bukkarAya ke nyAya ko sunane ke liye sabhI vargoM ke prajAjana bhI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM bukkarAya kI nyAya sabhA meM upasthita hue / donoM pakSoM ko bar3e dhyAnapUrvaka sunane ke pazcAt mahArAjA bukkarAya ne apanA nirNaya sunAyA, jisameM sabase bar3I mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha thI ki bahusaMkhyaka samudAya ke logoM kA yaha sabase bar3A prAthamika karttavya sthApita kiyA gayA ki ve alpasaMkhyaka vargoM ke logoM ke adhikAroM, unakI suvidhAoM aura unake hitoM kI rakSA kre| dUsare zabdoM meM yadi kahA jAya to alpasaMkhyakoM ke adhikAroM kI rakSA karane vAlI vaha eka rAjakIya ghoSaNA thii| __saMsAra ke itihAsa meM isa prakAra ke udAharaNa anyatra alabhya haiM jisameM ki vibhinna dharmAvalambiyoM ke saMgharSa ko, kalaha ko zAnta karane vAlA isa prakAra kA sabako samAna nyAya dene vAlA nirNaya diyA gayA ho| sArvabhauma sattA sampanna mahArAjA bukkarAya dvArA diyA gayA yaha nirNaya unake mahAn udAratApUrNa buddhikauzala kA eka atIva Adarza evaM pratyeka ke liye anukaraNIya udAharaNa hai| . mahArAjA bukkarAya kA yaha aitihAsika nirNaya bar3A hI prabhAvapUrNa siddha haa| isase vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI vizAla sImAnoM meM rahane vAle prajAjanoM meM vibhinna jAtiyoM, vargoM evaM dharmAvalambiyoM meM paraspara dhArmika sahiSNutA, pArasparika sauhArdrapUrNa prIti kA punaH prAbalya ke sAtha prAdurbhAva huA / mahArAjA - 1. A History of Karnataka, by Dr. P. B. Desai, page 342.
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________________ 218 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 bukkarAya ke isa prAdarza mAnavIya dRSTikoNa kA unakA bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke uttarAdhikAriyoM para bhI bar3A camatkArika evaM dUragAmI prabhAva par3A aura mahArAjA bukkarAya ke isa pavitra mAnavIya dRSTikoNa ko sadA apane dhyAna meM rakhate hue unake uttarAdhikAriyoM ne saMkucita manovRtti kA parityAga kara vizAla hRdayatA evaM udAratA prakaTa karate hue apanI prajA ke sabhI vargoM ko cAhe ve hindU hoM athavA anya kisI varga ke, sabako samAna nyAya pradAna kiyaa| ___mahArAjA bukkarAya kA zAsana IsvI san 1353 se 1377 taka kA aitihAsika pramANoM se itihAsavidoM dvArA mAnya kiyA gayA hai| jaina vaiSNava saMgharSa kI yaha ghaTanA zaka samvat 1260 tadanusAra IsvI san 1368 meM bukkarAya ke zAsana ke pandrahaveM varSa kI ghaTanA hai / jainoM aura vaiSNavoM ke pratinidhiyoM ko apanA nirNaya sunAte hue bukkarAya ne jaina pratinidhiyoM ke hAtha vaiSNava pratinidhiyoM ke hAthoM meM thamA kara kahA- "aAja se Apa loga eka dUsare ke mitra hue| Apa donoM kA parama kartavya hogA ki eka dUsare ko apane dhArmika kRtya karane meM kisI kI ora se kisI bhI prakAra kI koI bAdhA nahIM pahuMcAI jAya / saba apane-apane dhArmika anuSThAna, dhArmika kriyA-kalApa pUrNa svatantratA ke sAtha karate rheN|" tadanantara mahArAjA bukkarAya ne vaiSNavoM ko AjJA dI ki ve sampUrNa vijayanagara rAjya kI sImAoM meM vartamAna apane-apane mandiroM meM isa anuzAsana ko akSarazaH ukita karavA kara sacce mana se isa anuzAsana kA pUrNa rUpeNa paripAlana karate rheN| jainoM aura vaiSNavoM meM sauhAdrapUrNa sandhi karavAne vAlA mahArAja bukkarAya kA vaha anuzAsana sthAna-sthAna para mandiroM meM prastarazilAoM evaM prastara stambhoM para uTaiMkita karavAyA gyaa| jainoM ke dharmasthAna zramaNa velagola kI pahAr3I para mandira ke samakSa eka prastara khaNDa para bhI isa anuzAsana ko uTaiMkita karavAyA gayA, jo zravaNa velagola nagara meM adyAvadhi vidyamAna hai| mahArAja bukkarAya ke usa anuzAsana kA AMglabhASA meM rUpAntara IsvI san 1806 meM eziyATika risarceja vAlyUma 6 meM pRSTha 270 para chapa cukA hai| usakI pratilipi yathAvat yahAM prastuta kI jA rahI hai| jo isa prakAra hai : (Shilanushashan of Maharaja Bukka Rai of Vijayanagar No. 136 Date A. D. 1368 size 3 ft. 4 inch x 2 ft. 2 inch mentioned in the Book "Shrawan Belgol Inscriptions" written by Shri Lewis Rice MRAS, at page 179). Be it well. Possessed of every honour, the great fire of the mare-faced to the ocean of herities, the original slave at the lotus feet of Shri Ranga Raja (or the King of Shri Ranga )
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para" [ PPE donor of a path to the jewelled temple of the world of holy Vishnu, Ramanuja triumphs, the king of royal Yatis. In the Saka Year 1290, the year Kilaka, the 1st of the bright fortnight of Bhadrapada, Thursday, at the time when, be it well. The auspicious Mahamandaleshwara, the victor over hostile kings, the punisher of Kings, who break their word, the auspicious Vira Bukka Raya was conducting the government of world mutual strife having arisen between the Jainas and the Bhaktas (or faithful), the blessed people (i.e. the Jainas) of all the districts including within Anegondi, Hisapaitana. Penagonde and Kallehadapattana, having made petition to that Bukka Raya of the injustice done by the Bhaktas, the Maharaya, under the hand of the Shri Vaishnavas of the eighteen districts, especially of Kovil Terumale, Perumal Kovil and Terunarayanpuram, including all the acharis, all the Samayas, all the respectable men, those living on alms, the (temple) servants of the holy tredent-mark, of the holy feet, and the drawers of water, the four (thrones) and the eight tatas, the instructors of the true faith, the Tirukula and Jambawakula, declaring that between the Vaishnava Darshana and their Jaina darshana, there was no difference whatever, the king, taking the hand of the Jainas and placing it in the hand of the Vaishnavas, (decreed as follows) : In this Jaina darshana, according to former custom, the five big drums and the Kalsas (or vasa) will (continue to) be used. If to the Jaina darshana any injury on the part of the Bhaktas should arise, it will be protected (in the same manner) as if injury to the Vaishnavas had arisen. In (the matter of) this custom, the Shri Vaishnavas will set up the decree in all the Bastis through the Kingdom. As long as sun and moon endure, the Vaishnava Samaj will continue to protect the Jaina Darshana. The Vaishnavas cannot (be allowed to) look upon the Jainas as in a single respect different.
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________________ 720 ] [ Hard Tifa sfaETRYFTY The tatas of holy Tirumale, by consent of the blessed people of the whole kingdom, the Jainas throughout the whole kingdom having given according to them doors house by house one fanam a year (to provide) for the personal protection of the God at the tirtha of Balu-gula will with the gold so raised appoint month by month twenty servants for the personal protection (or as a body-guard) of the God, and with the remainder of the gold will cleanse and purify the ruined Jinalayas, and as long as sun and moon endure, allowing no failure in this custom, and giving (the money) year by year, will acquire fame and merit. This rule now made who so transgrasses is a traitor to the King, a traitor to the assembly (Sangha) and to the congregation (Samudaya). Be he devotee, or he be village headman, that destroy this work of merit, they incur the guilt of killing a cow or a Brahaman on the banks of Ganges. Who takes away hand given by himself or by another is born a worm in ordure for sixty thousand years. Subsequent addition at the top-Dvi Satti of Kallsha and Husuri Setti having made application to Bukkaraya, the tatas of Terumal came and had the, repaired. And both parties uniting bestowed on Husuri Setti the title of Sangha Nayaka." uparilikhita bukkarAya ke zilAnuzAsana kA hindI rUpAntara isa prakAra hai : zubha ho / pratyeka sammAna ke suyogya supAtra zAhI yatiyoM ke rAja rAjezvara, pavitra viSNu rAmAnuja sampradAya ke ratnima mandiroM ke mukhya AzrayadAtA (dAnadAtA) raMgarAja (zrI raMgA ke rAjA) ke caraNa-kamaloM meM dAsa kA praNAma / This inscription is commonly known as Ramanuj chari's Shashana. An erroneous version of it, made for Colonel Mackenzee, was published in 1809 in Asiatic Researches Vol. IX Page 270. The situation of the inscription is there said to be "On a stone upon the Hill of Belgola, in front of the Image". If this was correct, the stone must have been since removed to its present position, which is in the town and not on the Hill.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 . dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para" [ 221 zaka samvat 1290 kilaka varSa ke bhAdrapada zuklA kI ekama guruvAra kA yaha samaya zubha ho| parama zraddheya mahAmaNDalezvara, dezI rAjAoM ke vijetA apane vacana (pratijJA) tor3ane vAle rAjAoM ko daNDa dene vAle zraddheya vIra bukkarAya vizva kI sarakAra kA saMcAlana kara rahe the| jainoM aura bhaktoM-(rAmAnuja ke bhaktoM) ke madhya ApasI saMgharSa paidA huaa| samasta jile maya anegoNDI, hisApaTTana, penAgoNDe aura kallehadapaTTana ke sammAnanIya vyaktiyoM (jainoM) ne rAjA bukkarAya ke pAsa bhaktoM dvArA kiye gaye anyAya ke virodha meM Avedana prastuta kiyaa| mahArAjA ne apanI sabhA meM ina sabhI (aThAraha prAnta-vizeSakara kovila, terumala, perumala-kovila aura terunArAyaNapuram ke vaiSNava, jinameM sabhI prAcArya va samayA, pratiSThita puruSa, bhikSAjIvI, mandira ke sevaka, zrIcaraNoM ke pavitra cihna se aMkita, pAnI lAne vAle, cAra siMhAsana ke aura ATha trAtA, sacce dharma ke zikSaka arthAt dharmopadezaka, tirukula aura jambavakula Adi bhI sammilita the) kI upasthiti meM ghoSaNA kI ki vaiSNava darzana aura jaina darzana meM koI matabheda nahIM hai / tadanantara mahArAjA bukkarAya ne jainoM ke hAtha vaiSNavoM ke hAthoM meM thamAte hue isa prakAra kA nirNaya diyA-"isa jaina darzana meM paramparAgata rivAja ke anusAra pAMca bar3e Dhola aura kalazoM kA prayoga yathAvat jArI rhegaa| yadi jaina darzana para bhaktoM kI ora se koI kisI prakAra kI pAMcaApatti AvegI to use vaiSNavoM para AI huI Apatti samajha kara hI sulajhAyA jAyagA aura jainoM kI pUrI taraha se rakSA kI jaaygii|" / - isa sambandha meM jo yaha nirNaya diyA gayA hai usakA sampUrNa rAjya ke sabhI vasatiyoM, grAmoM evaM nagaroM meM vaiSNavoM dvArA pUrNa rUpa se pAlana kiyA jAya, isa prakAra kI samucita vyavasthA vaiSNavoM ko karanI hogii| jaba taka pRthvI para sUrya candra vidyamAna haiM taba taka vaiSNava samAja jaina darzana kA rakSaNa karatA rhegaa| vaiSNava jainiyoM ko kisI bhI avasthA meM apane se pRthak nahIM dekheNge| pavitra tirumalai ke tAtA, sampUrNa rAjya ke pratiSThita vyaktiyoM kI svIkRti se sampUrNa rAjya ke jainoM ko adhikAra diyA gayA ki pratyeka ghara se eka phainam vArSika belagola tIrtha ke bhagavAn ke rakha-rakhAva rakSaNa Adi ke liye leMge / isa prakAra ekatrita kiye gaye svarNa se prati mAsa bIsa sevaka bhagavAn ke vyaktigata rakSaNa (aMgarakSaka) ke liye raheMge aura zeSa bacA sonA jinAlayoM kI saphAI, zuddhi evaM jIrNoddhAra ke kAryoM meM vyaya kiyA jaaygaa| jaba taka sUrya aura candramA vidyamAna haiM isa niyama meM kisI bhI prakAra kI skhalanA (truTi) nahIM Ane deNge| isa prakAra prativarSa arthadAna se yaza aura puNya kA arjana karate rheNge| yaha jo niyama abhI banAyA gayA hai, isa niyama kA jo koI bhI vyakti ullaMghana karegA, vaha rAjA kA, saMgha kA aura samudAya kA drohI hogaa| cAhe vaha
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________________ 222 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pujArI ho athavA grAma pramukha, jo bhI isa zreSTha kArya ko kiMcinmAtra bhI Thesa pahuMcAyegA vaha gaughAtaka athavA gaMgAtaTa para brAhmaNa kI hatyA karane vAlA pApI samajhA jAvegA / jo apane diye hue vacana kA ullaMghana karegA, vaha sATha hajAra varSa taka kIr3e kI yoni meM janma letA rhegaa| isake upari bhAga meM bAda meM jor3A gayA-kalaza ke dvi zeTTI aura hujUrI zeTTI ne bukkarAya ke samakSa Avedana prastuta kiyA, terumala ke tAtA Aye aura jIrNoddhAra kiyA aura donoM pakSoM ne mila kara hujUrI zeTTI ko saMghanAyaka kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyaa|' __ mahArAjA bukkarAya ke isa nyAyapUrNa zilAnuzAsana kA kaisA prabhAva par3A isake katipaya udAharaNa itihAsa meM upalabdha hote haiN| bukkarAya ke isa sarvadharma samanvayAtmaka udAra dRSTikoNa se eka ora jainoM ko saMrakSaNa milA, ve apane dhArmika anuSThAnoM ko, dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ko punaH pUrNa svatantratA ke sAtha prArambha karane ke lie protsAhita hue; to dUsarI ora aneka ajainoM ne bhI jainadharma svIkAra kiyA / IsvI san 1307 se IsvI san 1404 taka ke mahArAja harihara dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM unake eka senApati ke putra ne aura mahArAjakumAra uggA ne zaivadharma kA parityAga kara jainadharma svIkAra kiyaa| isI prakAra IsvI san 1416 se IsavI san 1446 taka ke mahArAja devarAya dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM svayaM mahArAja devarAya ne arhad bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke eka vizAla mandira kA zilAkhaNDoM se apane nivAsa vijayanagara ke pAna-supArI bAjAra meM nirmANa krvaayaa| ina udAharaNoM se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki mahArAja bukkarAya ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ne unakI sarvadharma samabhAva paraka udAravRtti se na kevala jainoM ko saMrakSaNa hI diyA, apitu unhoMne sakriya rUpa se jainadharma ke utkarSa ke lie ullekhanIya sahayoga bhI pradAna kiyaa| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para Aye bhISaNa saMkaTakAla meM mahArAja bukkarAya ne unako saMrakSaNa pradAna kara kSatAt kila trAyata ityudana:, kSatrasya zabdo bhuvaneSu rUDhaH / yaha zilAlekha sAmAnyatayA rAmAnujAcArI zAsana ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai / isakA bhASAntara karnala maikenjI ke liye kiyA gayA aura eziyATika risarceja jilda 6 pRSTha 270 para IsvI san 1806 meM prakAzita huA / isa zilAlekha kA sthAna mUrti ke samakSa belagola parvata ke Upara eka patthara para uTaiMkita kiyA, aisA batAyA gayA hai| yadi yaha sahI hai to usa patthara ko vahAM se haTAkara vartamAna sthAna para lAkara rakhA gayA hai jo ki aba parvata para na hokara nagara meM vidyamAna hai|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para [ 223 mahAkavi kAlidAsa dvArA prastuta kI gaI kSatriya zabda kI isa vyAkhyA ko akSarazaH caritArtha karate hue satayuga ke mahArAjAoM kI bhAMti kSAtradharma kA nirvahana kiyaa| mahArAja bukkarAya ke isa dhArmika evaM sAmAjika nyAya ke prati jaina dharmAvalambI cirakAla taka kRtajJa rheNge| IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM tamilanADu pradeza meM jo dharmonmAda kI bhayaMkara prAMdhI jainoM ke viruddha uThI, vaha zanaiH zanaiH karnATaka aura Andhrapradeza meM bhI phailI aura IsA kI pandrahavIM solahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhakAla taka jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko kahIM pralaya to kahIM khaNDa pralaya ke dRzya kabhI adhika to kabhI nyUna mAtrA meM dikhAtI hI rhii| sudIrgha atIta se samaya-samaya para sAgara meM uThate A rahe bhISaNa samudrI tUphAnoM kI vinAzalIlA ke tANDava-nRtyoM ke lomaharSaka-hRdayadrAvI vRttAnta, pIr3hI prapIr3hI krama se mAnava sunatA A rahA hai / paurANika yuga meM mahArAja manu ke zAsana kAla meM pAye jalaviplava ke vivaraNa prAcIna granthoM meM upalabdha hote haiM, saMgamakAla ke anantara eka prati bhISaNa samudrI tUphAna uThA, hinda mahAsAgara, araba sAgara aura baMgAla kI khAr3I ke nAma se abhihita kiye jAne vAle tInoM sAgaroM ne apanI velAnoM kA ullaMghana kara kanyAkumArI pradeza meM eka prabala khaNDa-pralaya kA mahAsaMhArakArI dRzya upasthita kara, jahAM pUrvakAla meM vidvAnoM ke do saMgama ho cuke the, usa vizAla bhU-bhAga ko sAgara ne sadA ke lie apane kror3a meM chupA liyA / agaNita mAnavoM, bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM ke pazu-pakSiyoM evaM samasta bhUtasaMgha ke sAthasAtha usa bar3e bhU-bhAga ko sAgara ne chIna liyA-nigalakara udarasAt kara liyaa| sAmprata kAla meM bhI prAyaH prativarSa sAgara meM uThane vAle tUphAnoM kI vinAza lIlA ko hama samAcAra-patroM meM par3hate haiM, dUradarzana ke mAdhyama se dekhate haiM aura hama meM se aneka to apanI AMkhoM se usa vinAza lIlA ko dekhate bhI haiN| ina samudrI tUphAno kI vinAza lIlA to eka sImita avadhi taka hI parisImita rahatI hai| aneka bAra to prAyaH kucha ghar3iyoM, kucha ghaNToM aura kabhI-kabhI eka do dinoM athavA katipaya dinoM ke pazcAt sAgara apanI pralayakAriNI lIlA ko sameTakara punaH pUrvavat zAnta ho jAtA hai| thor3e se samaya kI sImita avadhi ke ina samudrI tUphAnoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa kitane prANiyoM kA saMhAra ho jAtA hai, isakA anumAna lagAnA Aja ke sarvasAdhana sampanna vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI bar3A kaThina ho jAtA hai / jaba jar3a samajhe jAne vAle samudra taka ke bhAvanA-zUnya tUphAnoM se isa prakAra kI pralayopama vinAza lIlA tANDava nRtya karatI hai to sRSTi ke sarvAdhika buddhizAlI mAnava ke aharniza bhAvanAoM se otaprota mAnasa meM uThe tUphAna ke kitane bhayaMkara pariNAma ho sakate haiM isa sambandha meM pratyeka vicArazIla vijJa kalpanAoM kI ur3Ana kara sakatA hai / IsA kI chaThI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke sandhikAla meM tamilanADu pradeza ke
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________________ 224 } - bhAga 4 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsaeka varga vizeSa ke mAnava mana mastiSka meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke viruddha dharmonmAda kA tUphAna prabala vega se uThA / pradeza meM yatra tatra sarvatra sAmUhika saMhAra kA duScakra eka lambe samaya taka calA / jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke dharmasthAnoM ko naSTabhraSTa kiyA gayA / agaNita logoM ko dharma parivartana ke lie bala prayoga dvArA vivaza kiyA gayA / jina logoM ne dharmonmAda meM unmatta una logoM ke dharma parivartana ke prastAva ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA, unheM tatkAla mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA gayA / vizAla tamilanADu pradeza meM uThe dharmonmAda ke pralayaMkara tUphAna kI capeTa se kevala ve hI loga baca pAye jo yA to tamilanADu kI sImAoM se bAhara cupacApa chipakara palAyana kara gaye, athavA jinhoMne una unmatta logoM ke prastAva ko svIkAra kara zaiva dharma ko aMgIkAra kara liyA / jaisA ki perIyapurANa meM ullikhita vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para isa granthamAlA ke tRtIya bhAga meM batAyA jA cukA hai ki zaivoM ke isa dharmonmAda se pUrva sampUrNa tamilanADu pradeza meM jainoM kA varcasva thA / rAjA, mantrI, rAjyAdhikArI, bar3e-bar3e vyavasAyI, zreSThivarga aura sattA ke pramukha padoM para jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA eka prakAra se ekAdhipatya thA / jaina saMhAra caritam ke ullekhAnusAra ziva ke mandiroM para tAle par3a cuke the / zaMkara kI pUjA-arcanA taka banda ho gaI thI / kintu dharmonmAda ke isa prabala tUphAna ke phalasvarUpa jaina - bahula tamilanADu pradeza meM jainoM kA eka prakAra se prabhAva - sA ho gayA / saMkrAmaka roga ke kITANuoM kI bhAMti tamilanADu ke jana mAnasa meM uThe dharmonmAda ke mAnava saMhArakArI mahAroga ke kITANu par3ausI pradezoM ke varga vizeSa ke mAnasa meM bhI praviSTa hue| jaina dharma ke prabala samarthaka rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza evaM gaMga rAjavaMza kI sattA ke samApta hote hI karNATaka pradeza meM bhI isa dharmonmAda ne apanA raMga jamAnA prArambha kiyA / jaisA ki isI adhyAya meM batAyA jA cukA hai-coloM ke jaina virodhI manobhAvoM se prerita ho vaiSNavoM evaM zaivoM ne jainoM ke dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM, dhArmika svatantratA meM yahAM taka ki nagAr3e bajAne ke prazna taka ko lekara avarodha utpanna karane prArambha kiye / sthAna-sthAna para jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke mandiroM se jainoM ke ArAdhyadevoM kI mUrtiyoM ko bAhara pheMkakara, naSTa-bhraSTa kara, unake sthAna para zaiva evaM vaiSNava dharma ke paurANika devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM ko sthApita kiyA jAne lagA / dharmonmAda kA yaha krama bar3e lambe samaya taka kabhI chuTapuTa rUpa meM, to kabhI kucha bar3e rUpa meM calatA hI rahA / antatogatvA IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke anta evaM bArahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM mAnava mAnasa meM uThe isa dharmonmAda ke tUphAna ne ugra rUpa dhAraNa kiyA / ekAntada ramaiyA aura kalcurI rAjya ke vizvAsa ghAtaka mantrI basavA ne liMgAyata sampradAya ko susaMgaThita kiyA, liMgAyatoM ke mAnasa meM jainoM ke viruddha dharmonmAda ko kUTa-kUTa kara bharA aura isI dharmonmAda ke pariNAmasvarUpa liMgAyatoM ke aguA kalcurI rAjya ke zaktisampanna mantrI basavA ne apane
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para......" . [ 225 svAmI kalacurI mahArAjA bijjala kI gupta rUpeNa viSa prayoga dvArA hatyA karavA dii| isa jaghanya kRtya ke pazcAt apane prANoM ko bacAne ke lie basavA bhAga khar3A huA / bijjala ke putroM ne usakA pIchA kiyaa| pIchA karate hue kalcurI rAjakumAroM aura unakI senAoM se bacane kA aura koI upAya na dekha liMgAyata sampradAya ke agraNI netA basavA ne dhAravAr3a ke pAsa eka kueM meM jhaMpApAta kara apanA prAraNAMta kara liyaa| basavA kI AtmahatyA ne use dharma ke nAma para balidAna hone vAle mahAvIroM kI zreNI meM sthAna diyaa| basavAM kI mRtyu ne liMgAyata sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM ke mAnasa meM dharmonmAda ko bhayaMkara rUpa se udvelita kara diyaa| sthAnasthAna, grAma-grAma aura nagara-nagara meM jainoM kA sAmUhika rUpa se saMhAra prArambha huA / jainoM ke dharmasthAnoM kA nAmonizAna taka miTAyA jAne lgaa| jainoM kA balAta dharma parivartana karavA kara unheM liMgAyata sampradAya kA anuyAyI banA diyA gayA / yaha krama IsA kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha taka calatA rhaa| ugra rUpa dhAraNa kiye hue liMgAyatoM ke prAntavyApI janavirodhI yojanAbaddha pracAra aura unake dvArA sAmUhika rUpa se kiye gaye jainoM ke sAmUhika saMhAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa zatAbdiyoM se Andhrapradeza meM bahusaMkhyaka rUpa meM cale A rahe jaina dharmAvalambI nAmamAtra ke liye bhI vahAM astitva meM nahIM rahe / jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, samaya-samaya para sImita avadhi taka astitva meM rahe samudrI tUphAnoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa kitanI jana-dhana kI hAni huI isakA anumAna sarva sAdhana sampanna Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA, to IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke anta se IsA kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka lagabhaga 600 (nau sau) varSoM taka jana mAnasa meM udvelita hote rahe dhArmika unmAda rUpI tUphAna se jainoM kA kitanA bhISaNa rUpa se saMhAra huA hogA, isakA anumAna to kalpanA kI UMcI ur3AnoM se bhI lagAnA sambhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| dharmonmAda meM andhe bane mAnavoM ne jaina dharmAvalambI apane hI bAndhavoM kA kisa prakAra nirdayatApUrvaka bhISaNa saMhAra kiyA isakA anumAna zrIzailam para avasthita mallikArjuna mandira ke mukhya maNDapa ke dakSiNa evaM vAma pArzva para avasthita pASANa stambhoM para vikrama samvat 1433 meM uTheMkita kiye gaye eka zilAlekha se sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM uTaiMkita isa zilAlekha meM liMgAyatoM ke liMgA nAmaka (zAnta ke putra) eka agraNI nAyaka dvArA mandira ko kI gaI bheMTa ke vivaraNa ke sAtha usakI prazaMsA karate hue yaha likhA gayA hai ki liMgAyatoM ke pramukha netA liMgA ne apanI talavAra se zvetAmbara jaina sAdhuoM ke sira kaatte| . isase yaha spaSTataH prakAza meM A jAtA hai ki dharmonmAda se andhe bane liMgAyatoM ne kitanI nirdayatA aura krUratA ke sAtha vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM jainoM kA sAmUhika rUpa se saMhAra kiyaa|
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________________ 778 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 liMgAyata sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA Andhra pradeza aura karNATaka meM kiye gaye bhayaMkara saMhAra se pUrva jaina kisa prakAra bahasaMkhyA meM vidyamAna the kisa prakAra kA unakA varcasva thA aura saMhAra ke pazcAt jainoM kI kisa prakAra kI sthiti rahI isa para prakAza DAlate hue labdha pratiSTha itihAsajJa ema. esa. rAmAsvAmI prAyaMgara tathA bI. zeSa giri rAva ne apanI saMyukta kRti "sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma" ke epIgrAphiyA jainikA nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana meM prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai : "Progress in the discovery of Andhra --Karnatake Jaina Epigraphs-Bearing of the progress of epigraphy on the materials of the last chapter-places at which Jaina epigraphs have been found-Main indication-Difference between the Andhra and the Andhra-Karnata epigraphs--more numerous in the Andhra Karnata than in the Andhra districts--scope for further enquiries--Regions in the Andhra Desa awaiting exploration-Difference between the Hindu Revival in the Andhra and the Andhra 'Karnata districts in its bearing on the fortunes of Jainism-Tabulation (classified) of Andhra-Karnata Jaina epigraphs and a few points of further interest brought outJainism and its antiquity in the Andhra Kalinga country. Epigraphic Research in the South Indian Presidency is still in a state of continuous progress. Yet, so far as it has succeeded in interpreting the memorial epigraphs of the past, it has proved in a considerable measure the validity of the traditions of the local Records relied upon as the chief materials for the foregoing survey, in outline, of the meaning and message of the social tradition of the Jainas in the Andhra and Karnata mandalas. The District Manuals and Gazetteers largely trusted to the guidance of these local traditions in the conduct of further enquiries and their light never proved illusory. In and about the centres of Jainism mentioned in these records, the officers of the Epigraphist department have discovered traces of Jaina epigraphs taking us back to the times when Jainism played a predominent and significant part in South India. These epigraphs still await publication. Find spots of Jaina Antiquities. At Penokonda, Tadpatri, Kottasivaram, Patasivaram, Amarapuram, Tammadahalli, Agali and
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para ....." [ PRO Kotipi in the Anantapur District; at Nandaperur, Chippigiri, Kogali, Sogi, Bagali, Vijayanagar, Rayadurg, in the Bellary District; at Danavulapadu in Cuddappa District; at Amaravati in the Guntur District; at Masulipattam and Kalachumbarru in the Krishna District; at Srisailam in Kurnool District; in the Madras Central Museum; at Kanupartipadu, in the Nellore District; at Vallimalai in the North Arcot District; at Basrur, Koteswara; Mulki, Mudabidri, Venur, Karkala, Kadaba, in the South Kanara District; at Bhoja-puram, Lakkumavarapukota and Ramatirtham in the Vizaga pattanam District, have been discovered Jaina epigraphs. These, for one thing, indicate the large vogue that Jainism once had in the Andhra and Karnata mandalas. The epigraph from Srisailam is interesting in that it shows the kind of persecution to which Jainism in these lands had finally to succumb, (Extermination or toleration). The epigraph in question is indeed a Shaiva one. It records in Sanskrit, "On the right and left pillars of the eastern porch of the Mukhamanda pa of the Mallikarjuna Temple, in S. 1433, Prajotpatti, Magha, badi 14, Monday, a lengthy account of the gifts made to the temple of Shreesailam by a certain Chief Linga, the son of Santa, who was evidently a Tirasaiva, one of his pious acts being the beheading of the Svetambara Jainas." This record is important in two ways. It shows how the Shaivite opposition gathering force in the Andhra Desa against Jainism about the first quarter of the eleventh century A. D. developed into an exterminating persecution "by the first quarter of the sixteenth century A. D. and how the Svetambaras" also are represented in South Indian Jainism as a class deserving the expurgatory attention of the Shaiva fanatics.". sArAMza yaha hai ki Andhra-karNATaka meM jo purAtAtvika khoja kI gaI usameM jainoM ke varcasva ke sUcaka aneka purAtAtvika pramANa upalabdha hue haiN| Andhra karNATaka meM purAtAtvika khoja kA kArya abhI cala rahA hai / isa abhiyAna meM grAndhra karNATaka saMbhAga meM Andhra kI apekSA bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jainoM ke purAtAtvika mahattvapUrNa avazeSa mile haiM; jaba ki Andhra pradeza kA purAtAtvika khoja kArya abhI
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________________ 228 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 honA bAkI hai / Andhra kaliMga meM bhI jainoM ke aneka mahattvapUrNa purAtAtvika avazeSa upalabdha hue haiM / sAdhAraNa rUpa meM dakSiNa bhArata ke aneka sthAnoM para zodha kArya adyAvadhi pragati patha para hai / tathApi adyAvadhi taka jo bhI saphalatAeM prAcIna purAtAtvika sAmagrI ko khoja nikAlane meM prApta huI hai usa sabakA zreya mUlataH yahAM ke vibhinna sambhAgIya mukhyAlayoM meM upalabdha prAcIna jilA mainyuloM aura gajeTiyaroM ko jAtA hai / vastutaH ina mainyualoM meM jo vivaraNa upalabdha haiM unase purAtAtvika khoja meM bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa mArga-darzana milA hai / inameM ullikhita sUcanAeM pUrNataH vizvasanIya siddha huI haiM / inake AdhAra para jahAM bhI zodhakArya kiyA gayA vahAM kisI bhI sthAna para khoja vyartha nahIM gaI / ina mainyualoM meM jaina dharma ke kendroM kA jina-jina sthAnoM meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai una sabhI sthAnoM para purAtAtvika zodha vibhAga ke adhikAriyoM ko jainoM ke usa samaya ke prAcIna mahattvapUrNa purAtAtvika avazeSa ( mUrtiyAM, zilAlekha Adi Adi) pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hue haiM, jahAM ki eka samaya jainoM kA bar3A hI zAnadAra aura sArvabhauma varcasva thA / ina purAtAtvika avazeSoM ke sambandha meM abhI prakAzana honA avazeSa hai / painokoNDA, tAr3apatrI, kodRziveram, paTasIvaram, amarapuram, tammadahallI, AAgalI, koTapI, ina granantapura jile ke nagaroM meM, nandaperUra, cippIgiri, kogalI, sogI, bAgalI, vijayanagara, rAyadurga, ina bailArI jile ke nagaroM meM, dAnAvullApADu nAmaka kuDuppaha jile ke sthAna meM, guntUra jile ke amarAvatI nagara meM, kRSNA jile ke machalIpaTTam evaM kalacumbarU nagaroM meM, kuranUla jile ke zrI zailam nAmaka sthAna para madrAsa ke kendrIya ajAyabaghara meM, nelora jile ke kanuparatIpADu nAmaka sthAna meM uttarI mArakATa jile ke vallImalai nAmaka sthAna meM, dakSiNa kannar3a jile ke vesarUra, koTezvara, mulkI, mUDavidrI, venUra, kArakala, evaM kaDaba nAmaka sthAnoM para aura vijagApaTTama jile ke bhojapura, lakkumavara pukoTa aura rAmatIrtha nAmaka sthAnoM para jaina dharma kI purAtAtvika sAmagrI khoja nikAlI gaI hai / ina purAtAtvika avazeSoM se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki Andhra evaM karNATaka maNDala meM eka samaya jainoM kA sarvAdhika varcasva evaM prabala prabhutva thA / zrI zailam se upalabdha purAtAtvika abhilekha bar3A hI sanasanIkheja hai / usameM se yaha eka bhayotpAdaka tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki usa pradeza meM jainoM kA cihna taka miTA DAlane ke liye kisa krUratA ke sAtha jainoM kA saMhAra kiyA gayA hai / yaha purAtAtvika abhilekha vastutaH eka zaiva abhilekha hai / zrI zailam para avasthita mallikArjuna mandira ke pUrvIya saMbhAga meM dakSiNa aura vAma pArzva ke stambhoM para vi0 saM0 1433 kA yaha abhilekha saMskRta bhASA meM uTaMkita hai / isa para vikrama samvat 1433, varSa prajotpatti, mAgha kRSNA caturdazI somavAra, yaha dinAMka aMkita hai / isa zilA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] dakSiNa meM jaina saMdha para.... [ 226 lekha meM zAnta ke putra liMgA nAmaka eka liMgAyatoM ke saradAra tirazaiva kI prazaMsA karate hue usake dvArA kiye gaye eka pavitra kArya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki usane zvetAmbara jainoM ke sira kaatte| yaha zilAlekha do dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| eka to isa dRSTi se ki zaivoM ke saMhAraka samUhoM ne Andhra pradeza meM IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM jo jainoM kA saMhAra prArambha kiyA thA vaha IsA kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa taka kitanA pralayaMkara rUpa dhAraNa kara gayA thaa| dUsarA isa dRSTi se ki dakSiNa bhArata meM zvetAmbara jainoM kA bhI usa samaya aisA prAbalya thA ki unheM samApta karane kI dizA meM bhI dharmonmAda meM unmatta zaivoM kA dhyAna gyaa| isa prakAra jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai jainoM para aneka bAra dezavyApI saMkaTa aaye| unameM se pahalA saMkaTa thA IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha kAla meM pallavarAja kAMcipati mahendravarmana evaM madurA ke pAMDyarAja sundarapAMDya ke zAsanakAla meM tiru jJAna sambandhara aura tiru appara dvArA zaivadharma ke uddhAra ke rUpa meM jainoM ke virodha kA abhiyAna / jainoM para dUsarA saMkaTa AyA IsA kI sAtavIMAThavIM zatAbdI meM prathamataH kumArilla bhaTTa evaM tadanantara zaMkarAcArya kI digvijayoM ke rUpa meN| yadyapi prathama saMkaTa sarvAdhika ghAtaka thaa| usane thor3e se samaya meM hI tamilanADu meM zatAbdiyoM se sarvAdhika zaktizAlI dharma saMgha ke rUpa meM rahe huye jainasaMgha ko thor3e se samaya meM hI luptaprAyaH sA kara diyaa| dUsarA jo saMkaTa AyA vaha vastutaH zItayuddha ke rUpa meM lambe samaya taka dezavyApI abhiyAna rahA / isa dUsare saMkaTa meM jainoM ke saMhAra kA eka bhI puSTa pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA tathApi zaMkarAcArya dvArA bhArata ke sudUravartI vibhinna dizAoM aura bhAgoM meM sthApita kiye gaye pIThoM ke mAdhyama se yojanAbaddha rUpa se brahmAdvaita siddhAnta kA dezavyApI pracAraprasAra anavarata rUpa se calatA rahA / isake pariNAmasvarUpa jainoM kI pracAra-prasArAtmaka pragati avaruddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha zanaiH zanaiH jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI kSINa hotI calI gii| jainoM para tIsarA saMkaTa rAmAnujAcAya dvArA IsvI san 1110 ke AsapAsa prArambha kiye gaye rAmAnuja vaiSNava sampradAya ke prebhyudaya-utthAna paraka abhiyAna ke rUpa meM aayaa| IsvI san 1130-35 ke AsapAsa liMgAyatoM ke ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara lene ke pariNAmasvarUpa jainoM para Aye huye isa tIsare saMkaTa ne bar3A hI bhISaNa rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| jainoM ke viruddha prArambha kiyA gayA liMgAyata sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM kA yaha abhiyAna vastutaH tiru appara aura tiru jJAna sambandhara dvArA tamilanADu meM prArambha kie gae zaiva abhiyAna ke samAna hI jainoM ke lie baDA ghAtaka thaa| liMgAyatoM kA yaha abhiyAna IsA kI pandrahavIM, solahavIM zatAbdI taka ke eka lambe samaya taka aneka caraNoM meM calatA rahA / antima caraNa
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________________ 230 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 taka liMgAyatoM ke dharmonmAda ne jisa bhISaNa rUpa se jainoM kA saMhAra kiyA usakI jhalaka upari variNata zrI zailama para avasthita zrI mallikArjuna mandira ke stambhoM para uTaiMkita liMgAyata pradhAna liMgA ke abhilekha se prakaTa hai|| jahAM taka vaiSNava sampradAya ke jaina virodhI abhiyAna kA prazna hai vaha zrI rAmAnujAcArya ke jIvanakAla taka zAntipUrNa rhaa| usameM jainoM kA na to saMhAra hI kiyA gayA aura na balAt dharma parivartana hii| rAmAnujAcArya ke hAtha se likhe hue eka tAr3apatrIya dhArmika anuzAsana se yaha spaSTataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki unhoMne apane anuyAyiyoM ko jainoM ke sAtha sauhArdapUrNa vyavahAra karane ke nirdeza diye aura jaina mandiroM ko bhI vaiSNava mandiroM ke samAna hI saMrakSaNa dene ke Adeza diye| zrI rAmAnujAcArya paryApta samaya taka tirunArAyaNapura grAma meM, jo sAmpratakAla meM melakoTe ke nAma se vikhyAta hai, rhe| vahAM se san 1125 meM raMgapura ke lie prasthAna karate samaya unhoMne apane anuyAyiyoM ko jo Adeza diye ve svayaM unake hAthoM dvArA eka tAr3apatra para likhe gaye the| vaha samasta vaiSNava dharmAvalambiyoM ke liye eka AdezAtmaka anuzAsana thaa| usakI pratilipi yahAM yathAvat rUpa meM dI jArahI hai aura usI kA sarala saMskRta bhASA meM sAraparaka rupAntara bhI nIce prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : zrI bI. vI. narasiMhAcArya svAmin, suputra zrI bI. vI. rAghavAcArya svAmI, zrI veMgipuram nambImutra (tirummalihai) tirunArAyaNapuram melakoTe, pANDyapura tAlluka, maNDyA jilA ke ghara meM vidyamAna svayaM zrI rAmAnujAcArya dvArA likhita tAr3apatra kI yaha pratilipi hai| __ "varddhatAm zAsanaM viSNoH , zAsanaM lokazAsanam / piMgala samvatsare makara zukla punarvasu nannAla tiru nArAyaNa puratti lulla mudali halakka nAma tiruvaraMgam pauMhu podu zaiyyum....... vennennAla tirunArAyaNapurattin samIpamulli zaivAlayattaiyum adina raha ulla pala ghaTatti lIlla jainAlayataiyum avarakkaluDaiya saddharmattaiyum prAra kalaMka varAmallu paraspara sahakkAttur3ane pArATTikoNDu parasparaM bhAvayantaH, zreyaH paramavApsyatha / rannumAppolle irukkavum, namo namo yAmunAya, yAmunAya namonamaH / irAmAnuzanu" (rAmAnujAcArya:) svayaM rAmAnujAcArya ke hastAkSaroM se likhita isa tAr3apatra ke Alekha kA, isake dhAraka zrI bI. vI. narasiMhAcArya svAmin ne apane hAthoM se saMskRta bhASA meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM sArAMza likhA:
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________________ dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para.... [ 231 "piMgalavatsare makara zukla punarvasu sudine vayaM yadA idAnIM zrI raMga prati prasthitAH tadAnI asmat vaiSNava pramukhAn prati prAjJaptam, kimiti cet asyA yadug2iryAH samIpastha zaivAlayaM tatsamIpasthaM jainAlayaM teSAM dharmaM ca paraspara sauhArdena pAlayitavyam / yaduktam parasparaM bhAvayanta zreyaH paramavApsyatha 1 iti bhavadbhirvartitavyam / namo namo yamunAya, yAmunAya namo namaH / sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 liMgAyatoM dvArA jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke viruddha jo saMhAraka abhiyAna kalacurI mahArAja bijjala ke rAjyakAla meM IsvI san 1930-35 ke AsapAsa prArambha kiyA gayA vaha IsA kI pandrahavIM, solahavIM zatAbdI taka kaI caraNoM meM calatA rahA / yadyapi kalacurI mahArAjA bijjala kI jahara prayoga dvArA hatyA aura liMgAyata abhiyAna ke pramukha netA zrI basavA kI mutyu ke pazcAt liMgAyata sampradAya ke abhiyAna ne eka bhayaMkara dharmakrAnti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thA tathApi tamilanADu kI bhAMti Andhra meM vaha dharmakrAnti apane prathama caraNa meM jainoM ke astitva ko nahIM miTA sakI / isa bAta kI puSTi nimnalikhita tathyoM se hotI hai : irAmAnuzan" ( rAmAnujAcArya ) kAraka (dakSiNa kannar3a) kI pahAr3I para 41 phITa 5 iMca UMcAI kI aura 80 Tana (800 kviNTala arthAt 2000 mana se bhI adhika ) bhAra kI bhArI bharakama mUrti kA nirmANa vidyAnagara ( ikkerI ghATa ke pAsa ) ke sAmanta rAjA vIra pANDya ne apane jaina guru lalitakIrti ke parAmarzAnusAra zaka samvat 1353 (vikrama samvat 1488) meM karavAyA / vIra pANDya vastutaH bar3A kaTTara jaina dharmAvalambI thA / kintu vIra pANDya kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake uttarAdhikArI jaina dharma kA parityAga kara liMgAyata sampradAya ke anuyAyI bana gaye aura unhoMne dakSiNa karnATaka meM jainadharma kA astitva taka miTAne ke bar3e prabala prayAsa kiye / isa sambandha meM e.sI. baranela ema. sI. esa. esa. Ara. e. esa. ne likhA hai : "There is every reason to believe that the Jains were for long the most numerous and most influential sect in the Madras Presidency, but there are now few traces of them except in the Mysore and Kanara country; and in the South Kanara district, though still numerous, they are fast becoming extinct. Their shrines are still kept up in South Kanara, and the priesthood, members of which are distinguished by the title 'Indra' are numerous, if not well informed.
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________________ 232 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ...............The remains of the Shloka which commenced the inscription show that this statue was properly consecrated by advice of Vir Pandya's guru, by name Lalit Keerti. Its date-1432 A.D. Vir Pandya seems to have been a Jain feudatory of Vidyanagar, at Ikkiri above the Ghats but his successors seem to have been bigoted Lingaits, and to have much contributed to the decay of the Jains in South Kanara."i isase yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki vi. saM. 1488 taka dakSiNa karnATaka meM jaina bar3I bhArI saMkhyA meM vidyamAna rahe aura unakA na kevala zAsaka varga para hI apita jana mAnasa para bhI sarvAdhika prabhAva rhaa| vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM dakSiNI karNATaka meM vidyAnagara ke kaTTara jaina dharmAvalambI sAmantarAja vIra pANDya ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ne liMgAyata sampradAya ke anuyAyI banakara dharmonmAda ke vazIbhUta ho dakSiNa karNATaka se jaina dharma ko niravaziSTa karane ke liMgAyatoM ke abhiyAna kA netRtva kiyA / isa prakAra IsA kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya athavA caturtha dazaka meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke viruddha jo dharmonmAda kA tANDava nRtya prAndhrapradeza aura karnATaka meM prArambha huA usakA antima caraNa IsA kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM jAkara samApta huA / jainoM ke astitva ko miTAne ke lie liMgAyatoM dvArA prArambha kiyA gayA yaha hiMsAtmaka abhiyAna lagabhaga cAra sau varSa taka calatA rahA aura antatogatvA cAra sau varSa ke hiMsaka vAtAvaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa Andhrapradeza meM jainoM kA astitva pUrNataH samApta ho gyaa| __ ina uparivariNata aitihAsika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para eka spaSTa citra yaha prakAza meM AtA hai ki IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma para eka ke pazcAt uttarottara aneka bAra bhISaNa prahAra kiye gye| lagAtAra lagabhaga nau sau varSoM ke jaina virodhI abhiyAnoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa tamilanADu meM mAtra eka uttarIya pArakATa sambhAga ko chor3akara zeSa pUrNa tamilanADu pradeza meM eka bhI jainadharma kA upAsaka avaziSTa nahIM rahA, Andhrapradeza meM to. jainadharma kA nAma taka lene vAlA koI vyakti bacA nahIM rahA aura karnATaka pradeza meM, jahAM jaina bahusaMkhyaka the ve eka prakAra se nagaNya alpamata meM avaziSTa rahe / 1. The Indian Antiquery. Vol. II, on the colossal Jain Statue at Karkala in the Soutb Kanara district by A. C. Bornell, Esq., M.C.S., M.R.A.S. Page 353-4.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para......" [ 233 nirantara nau sau varSoM ke jaina virodhI hiMsAtmaka athavA ghRNAtmaka abhiyAna ke uparAnta bhI jainadharma kA astitva tamilanADu pradeza ke eka saMvibhAga arthAt uttarI prArakATa meM avaziSTa raha hI gayA tathA karnATaka meM itane bhISaNa hiMsAtmaka abhiyAna ke uparAnta bhI jainadharma karnATaka ke prAyaH sabhI saMvibhAgoM meM svalpa saMkhyA meM adyAvadhi avaziSTa hai| isase yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki dakSiNa meM jainadharmAvalambI pUrvakAla meM atyadhika pracura saMkhyA meM tathA dakSiNa ke katipaya pradezoM meM bahusaMkhyaka ke rUpa meM vidyamAna the| perIya purANa ke--"una kalabhroM ne tamila pradeza kI dharatI meM Ate hI jaina dharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| usa samaya tamila deza meM jainoM kI saMkhyA agaNita (aparigaNanIya) thii| jainoM ke prabhAva meM Akara una kalabhroM ne zaiva samtoM kA saMhAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa|" isa ullekha se evaM jaina saMhAra caritam ke-"pUrvakAla meM pRthvI bhara meM zramaNa logoM kI saMkhyA adhika mAtrA meM thii| rAjA aura prajA sabhI isa dharma-jainadharma meM aikyatva ko prApta ho gaye the| jainadharma meM logoM kI AsthA adhika hone ke kAraNa anya dharma kI bAteM unheM rucikara nahIM lagatI thii| saba jagaha arihanta bhagavAn kI upAsanA kI jAtI thI........... sampUrNa jana mAnasa meM yahI ekamAtra aTala 'prAsthA thI ki pahale laukika sukha dekara anta meM mukti pradAna karane vAle arihanta bhagavAn hI sarvopari sarvasva arthAt saba kucha haiN| ......"isa prakAra jaba zramaNa dharma ati unnata avasthA meM thA taba cola maNDala nAmaka pradeza ke......"gAMva meM brAhmaNa kula meM sundara mUrti kA janma huaa|" isa vistRta vivaraNa se tathA liMgAyatoM ke-"mahAmaNDalezvara kAmadeva nAmaka prAcIna kathAnaka ke-"bhagavAn zaMkara aura mAtA pArvatI eka samaya kailAza parvata para eka zivabhakta mahAtmA kI kuTiyA meM atithi ke rUpa meM virAjamAna the| usa samaya nArada zaMkara ke samakSa upasthita hae aura unhoMne zaMkara se nivedana kiyA"bhagavan ! AryadharA para jainoM aura bauddhoM kI zakti prabala rUpa se bar3ha gaI hai|" bhagavAna zaMkara ne apane garaNa vIrabhadra ko prAjJA dI-"vIrabhadra ! tuma dharatI para mAnava ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa karo aura jainoM tathA bauddhoM kI zakti ko avaruddha kara una para apanA adhikAra sthApita kro|" isa ullekha se yahI siddha hotA hai ki dakSiNa meM zaivoM dvArA athavA liMgAyatoM dvArA jainoM ke saMhAra se pUrva jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA sampUrNa dakSiNApatha meM perIya purANa Adi zaiva granthoM ke zabdoM se hI agarigata thii| uttarakAlIna itihAsavidoM kA bhI abhimata hai ki zaiva abhiyAnoM ke prArambha hone se pUrva dakSiNa meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3I pracura mAtrA meM thii| paTanA vizvavidyAlaya ke prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa evaM saMskRti ke vibhAgAdhyakSa sAmpratayugIna labdha pratiSTha itihAsajJa zrI e.esa. altekara, ema.e. ela.ela.bI., DI liT ne bhI katipaya aMzoM meM zaiva purANoM meM ullikhita etadviSayaka tathya kI puSTi karate hue likhA hai : "As in the preceding period, Jainism lacked royal support in northern India, but this was compensated by the
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________________ 234 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 popularity of the religion among the trading classes in the north, and the extensive royal patronage it enjoyed in South. This is the most flourishing period in the history of Jainism in the Deccan. There was no serious rival for it, and it was basking in the sunshine of popular and royal support. Dr. Altekar surmises that probably one third of the population of the Deccan was following the gospal of Mahavira during the period under review. Jainism received a serious set back shortly afterwards owing to rapid spread of the Lingayata sect."1 zrI altekara ke isa kathana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM cAvar3A rAjavaMza kI samApti ke anantara uttara bhArata meM yadyapi jaina dharma ko rAjyAzraya kA avalambana nahIM ke samAna raha gayA thA tathApi vyavasAyI varga meM isake prati pragAr3ha AsthA rahane ke kAraNa isakI lokapriyatA meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM AyA thaa| kintu dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma ko paryApta samaya taka rAjyAzraya kI suvidhAe~ prApta hotI rhiiN| vaha samaya vastutaH jainadharma ke liye dakSiNApatha ke itihAsa meM bar3A hI ujjvala samaya thaa| usa samaya dakSiNa meM jainadharma kA koI prabala pratipakSI nahIM thA / ataH jainadharma usa avadhi meM sarva sAdhAraNa prajA evaM rAjavaMzoM kI sahAyatA se madhyAhna ke sUrya ke samAna camakatA rahA / DA0 altekara kA abhimata hai ki usa samaya jainoM kI saMkhyA dakSiNa bhArata meM lagabhaga sampUrNa janasaMkhyA kI eka tihAI thii| kintu kucha samaya pazcAt liMgAyata sampradAya ke bar3I tIvra gati se pracAra prasAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa jainadharma ko bar3A bhayaMkara AghAta phuNcaa| ina saba aitihAsika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI zaiva dharmAvalambiyoM ke jaina virodhI abhiyAna se pUrva kI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA aura zaivoM ke abhiyAna ke antima daura ke pazcAt kI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se lekhA jokhA karane para sahaja hI pratyeka vijJa ko vidita ho jAtA hai ki lagabhaga nau sau varSa ke jaina virodhI abhiyAnoM meM kitanI bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA saMhAra, prANApahAra, evaM balAt dharmaparivartana kiyA gyaa| 1. History and Culture of the Indian People Volume IV-The age of Imperial Kannauj, published by Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay second Edition; 1964 page 288.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] dakSiNa meM jaina saMgha para..... [ 235 "jainadharma saMgha para dakSiNApatha meM punaH Apatti ke ghAtaka ghane kAle bAdala"zIrSaka adhyAya meM vizad rUpa se prastuta kiye gaye pramANa purassara aitihAsika vivaraNoM se niSkarSa ke rUpa meM nimnalikhita tIna tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM (1) jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke viruddha prArambha kiye gaye saMhAraparaka zaiva abhiyAnoM se pUrva dakSiNApatha meM jainoM kI saMkhyA eka tihAI athavA isase bhI paryApta rUpa se adhika thii| jainadharma usa samaya rAjavaMzoM kA parama priya rAjadharma hone ke sAtha-sAtha prajA ke prAyaH sabhI vargoM kA bhI lokapriya dharma thaa| jaba taka jainadharma kA varcasva rahA rAjanya varga evaM prajA ke sabhI vargoM dvArA jana kalyANa ke agaNita kArya kiye jAte rahe, deza sabhI bhAMti sukhI evaM samRddhizAlI rhaa| (2) saMhArAtmaka zaiva abhiyAnoM ke pariNAmasvarUpaIsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara pandrahavIM solahavIM zatAbdI taka kI lagabhaga 600 varSoM kI avadhi meM jainoM kA jisa bhAMti sAmUhika rUpa se saMhAra evaM dharma parivartana kiyA gayA isakA anumAna lagAne meM kalpanA kI ur3AneM bhI thaka jAtI haiN| (3) yadi vijayanagara ke mahArAjA bukkarAya ne IsvI san 1368 meM jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko nyAyapUrNa saMrakSaNa pradAna nahIM kiyA hotA to sambhavataH karNATaka meM sAmpratakAla meM jo jainoM kI thor3I bahuta saMkhyA dRSTigocara hotI hai, vaha bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii|
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________________ zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke 51veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI deva RSi (dvitIya) " " " 1586 varSa janma vIra ni0 saM0 1554 dIkSA , , , 1564 AcArya pada svargArohaNa ,, , , 1644 gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya 25 varSa prAcArya paryAya 55 varSa pUrNa saMyama paryAya 80 varSa pUrNa Ayu 60 varSa prabhu mahAvIra kI vizaddha mUla paramparA ke 50 va paTTadhara AcArya zrI vijaya RSi ke svargAroharaNa ke anantara caturvidha saMgha ne vIra ni0 saM0 1589 meM munizreSTha zrI deva RSi (dvitIya) ko prabhu mahAvIra ke 51 veM paTTadhara AcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyaa| Apane apanI 55 varSa kI prAcArya paryAya se svayaM vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue apane sAdhu sAdhviyoM ke dvArA bhI vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana krvaayaa| isake sAtha hI sAtha zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ko bhI Agamika upadezoM ke dvArA adhyAtmamUlaka bhAva paramparA para sudRr3ha banAye rkhaa| isa prakAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kA 55 varSa taka netRtva karate hue Apane vIra ni0 saM0 1944 meM samAdhipUrvaka 60 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara svargArohaNa kiyaa|
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________________ jinavallabhasUri (navAMgI vRttikAra abhayavevasUri ke ziSya) mahAn kriyoddhAraka AcAryazrI varddhamAnasUri kI kharataragaccha nAma se kAlAntara meM prasiddha paramparA meM jinavallabhasUri nAmaka eka mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiM / Apa ucca koTi ke pAgama marmajJa, vAdI, nimitta zAstrajJa aura krAnti ke dUta tulya muni puMgava the| ApakA sampUrNa jIvana saMgharSapUrNa paristhitiyoM meM vyatIta huaa| Apako na kevala apane pratipakSI caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM se hI saMgharSa karanA par3A, apitu suvihita nAma se abhihita kI jAne vAlI katipaya paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM ke saMgharSa kA bhI sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha to ApakA saMgharSa jIvana bhara calatA rhaa| caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva ko samApta karane meM mahAn kriyoddhAraka varddhamAnasUri evaM mahAn vAdI jinezvarasUri ke pazcAt Apa hI kA sarvAdhika yogadAna rhaa| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM jo ApakA jIvana paricaya upalabdha hai usake anusAra ApakA janma sthAna prAzIdurga thaa| zaizavakAla meM hI prApake pitA kA dehAvasAna ho gayA thaa| ataH ApakI vidhavA mAtA ne bar3e parizrama ke sAtha ApakA lAlana pAlana kiyA / AzIdurga meM caityavAsI paramparA ke kUrcapurIya caitya ke adhiSThAtA AcArya jinezvarasUri nAmaka caityavAsI AcArya the / inake maTha meM prAzIdurga ke nivAsI zrAvakoM ke putra adhyayanArtha pAte the| bAlaka jinavallabha kI mAtA ne bhI apane putra ko adhyayana yogya Ayu meM adhyayanArtha maTha meM bhejanA prArambha kiyaa| zaizava kAla se hI jinavallabha kI buddhi bar3I kuzAgra thii| usane niSThA ke sAtha adhyayana prArambha kiyA aura svalpa samaya meM hI usakI gaNanA maTha ke sarvazreSTha chAtra ke rUpa meM kI jAne lgii| medhAvI jinavallabha ne apanI kuzAgra buddhi ke bala para aneka vidyAoM meM pArINatA prApta kii| eka dina bAlaka jinavallabha ko eka prAcIna TippaNaka milaa| usameM sAkarSaNI aura sarpamokSaraNI ye do vidyAeM ullikhita thiiN| bAlaka jinavallabha ne jyoMhI sAkarSaNI vidyA ko par3hA to usake prabhAva se sabhI dizAoM se sarpa druta gati se usakI ora Ane lage / saba ora se sarpo ko prAte hue dekhakara bAlaka jinavallabha ke mana meM raMca mAtra bhI bhaya utpanna nahIM huaa| usane tatkSaNa samajha liyA ki yaha saba isa vidyA kA hI prabhAva hai| usa ne tatkAla usa TippaNaka meM nIce kI ora likhI sarpamokSaNI nAmaka vidyA ko par3hanA prArambha kiyA / usa vidyA ke par3hate hI sabhI sarpa jisa ora se Aye the usI prora lauTa gaye / bAlaka jinavallabha bhI usa TippaNaka ko sAtha liye maTha meM apane sthAna para jA baitthaa|
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________________ 238 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 caityavAsI prAcArya jinezvarasUri ko jaba ukta ghaTanA kA vivaraNa jJAta huA to unhoMne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA ki yaha bAlaka vastutaH bar3A hI honahAra aura guNasampanna hai / ise ziSya avazya banAnA cAhiye / vastutaH yaha Age calakara bar3A prabhAvaka prAcArya siddha hogaa| isa prakAra vicAra kara jinezvarasUri ne jinavallabha kI mAtA ko madhura vacanoM se prasanna kiyA aura use sabhI bhAMti samajhA bujhA kara usa bAlaka ko apanA ziSya banA liyaa| apanI paramparA meM jinavallabha ko dIkSita kara jinezvarasUri ne use aneka prakAra kI nimitta jJAna Adi kI vidyAoM kA adhyayana kraayaa| isa prakAra kramazaH caityavAsI muni jinavallabha aneka vidyAoM meM niSNAta ho gyaa| eka dina jinezvarasUri ko kisI Avazyaka kAryavazAt grAmAntara ko jAne kI AvazyakatA huii| unhoMne apane maTha kA kAryabhAra paMDita jinavallabha ko samajhAte hue kahA : "maiM eka Avazyaka kArya se grAmAntara ko jA rahA hUM zIghra hI kAma niSpanna kara maiM lauTa aauuNgaa| jaba taka maiM bAhara rahUM, maTha kI saba prakAra kI gatividhiyoM evaM kArya kalApoM kI tuma dekharekha karate rhnaa|" jinavallabha ne apane guru ko Azvasta karate hue kahA :-"Apa nizcinta rahiye, maiM saba kAryoM ko yathAzakti bhalI-bhAMti dekhatA rhuuNgaa| para Apa se yahI nivedana hai ki Apa kArya ko zIghrAtizIghra niSpanna kara avilamba lauTane kI kRpa' kreN|" jinezvarasUri ke grAmAntara kI ora cale jAne ke anantara dUsare dina jinavallabha ne vicAra kiyA :- "isa vizAla bhaMDAra meM aneka maMjUSAeM pustakoM se bharI par3I haiM / ina pustakoM meM kyA hogA? nizcita rUpa se inameM jJAna bharA par3A hogaa|" isa prakAra vicAra kara eka maMjUSA meM se pustakoM kA eka gaMDalaka kholA aura usameM se eka siddhAnta pustaka-pAgama grantha nikAla kara par3hanA prArambha kiyaa| usa Agama grantha meM likhA thA : "yatinA dvicatvAriMzaddoSa vivajitaH piMDo gRhasthagRhebhyo madhukaravRtyA gRhItvA saMyamahetu dehadhAraNA krttvyaa|" isa ArSa vacana ko par3hakara jinavallabha ke mana meM halacala-sI utpanna ho gii| usake muha se haThAt nikala par3A--"Aja hama yati logoM kA AcaraNa Agama vacanoM se nitAnta viparIta cala rahA hai| hamArA isa prakAra kA Agama virodhI AcAravicAra hameM zreyasa kI ora nahIM apitu rasAtala kI ora le jAne vAlA hai|" usane mana hI mana kucha asphaTa saMkalpa kiyA aura usa pustaka tathA gaMDalaka ko punaH yathAsthAna rakhakara apane sthAna para vicAramagna mudrA meM baiTha gyaa| usI samaya AcArya jinezvarasUri bhI nAmAntara se apane maTha meM lauTa Aye / maTha kI vyavasthA meM kisI prakAra kI
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________________ jinavallabhasUri [ sAmAnya zratadhara kAla khaNDa-2 1 236 kamI na dekhakara mana hI mana vicAra kiyA - " maTha kI vyavasthA sucArU rUpa se pUrvavat cala rahI / yaha kizora, jaisA maiMne vicAra kiyA thA usI prakAra kA yogya hogA / mu cAhie ki maiM ise prAcArya pada para AsIna kara maTha kI vyavasthA kI tarapha se nizcinta ho jAUM / isa kizora ne sabhI prakAra kI anyAnya vidyAoM meM to niSNAtatA prApta kara lI hai kintu abhI taka isane siddhAntoM kA jJAna prApta nahIM kiyA hai / AgamoM kA jJAna pradAna karane meM ina dinoM abhayadevasUri hI prakhyAta haiM / isaliye jinavallabha ko abhayadevasUri ke pAsa bhejakara nAgamoM kA marmajJa vidvAn banAnA paramAvazyaka hai / jaba yaha abhayadevasUri ke pAsa AgamoM kA adhyayana kara lauTegA taba ise maiM prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kara dUMgA / " isa prakAra kA saMkalpa kara jinezvarasUri ne apane ziSya jinavallabha ko vAcanAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA aura apane jinazekhara nAmaka eka ziSya ko usakI vaiyAvRtya Adi ke lie sAtha kara 500 svarNa mudrAoM ke sAtha use abhayadevasUri ke pAsa AgamoM ke adhyayana ke liye aNahillapura paTTaNa kI ora prasthita kiyA / jinavallabha apane sAthI jinazekhara ke sAtha prasthita ho mArga meM avasthita marukoTTa nAmaka nagara meM rAtri meM mANu zrAvaka ke devagRha meM rukA / vahAM se dUsare dina prasthAna kara vaha kramazaH araNahillapura paTTaNa meM pahuMcA aura abhayadevasUri ke upAzraya ko pUchatA huA unakI sevA meM upasthita huaa| vahAM virAjamAna prabhayadevasUri ko jinavallabha ne bar3I bhakti ke sAtha vandana kiyA / abhayadevasUri ne usako dekhate hI usake prazasta lakSaNoM se bhavya vyaktitva evaM cUr3AmariNa jJAna ke dvArA samajha liyA ki yaha koI suyogya bhavya prANI hai / abhayadevasUri dvArA Agamana kA prayojana pUche jAne para jinavallabha ne ati vinamra svara meM abhayadevasUri se nivedana kiyA- "pUjya AcAryadeva ! mere guruvara zrI jinezvarasUri ne mujhe Apake caraNoM kI zaraNa meM AgamoM ke adhyayana ke liye bhejA hai / " nakha se zikha taka antarvedhinI dRSTi se jinavallabha kI ora dekhate hue abhayadevasUri ne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA - " yadyapi yaha caityavAsI paramparA ke AcArya kA ziSya hai tathApi hai suyogya Agama meM spaSTa vidhAna hai ki kisI bhI zrAgamajJa ko bhale hI apanI vidyA ke sAtha hI samaya Ane para maranA kyoM na par3e para apAtra ko kisI bhI dazA meM AgamoM kA jJAna nahIM denA cAhiye parantu yadi zrAgama jJAna ke liye supAtra upalabdha ho jAya to usakI avamAnanA aura upekSA nahIM karanI cAhie / " kSaNa bhara mana hI mana isa prakAra kA vicAra kara abhayadevasUri ne ghanarava gambhIra svara meM jinavallabha se kahA- " acchA hI kiyA ki AgamoM kI vAcanA ke liye yahAM A gaye / " zubha muhUrta dekhakara abhayadevasUri ne navAgantuka ziSya jinavallabha ko AgamoM kI vAcanA denA prArambha kara diyA / vAcanA ke samaya jinavallabha ekAgra citta ho abhayadevasUri ke mukhAravinda se prakaTa hueakSara, pratyeka zabda aura vAkya ko amRta tulya samajha kara pIne lagA - hRdayaMgama
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________________ 240 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 karane lagA / jyoM-jyoM Agama vAcanA kA krama uttarottara Age kI ora bar3hatA gayA tyoM-tyoM jinavallabha ke antarcA unmIlita hote gaye / isa prakAra ke adhyavasAyI, medhAvI, manasvI aura ekAgra cittavRtti vAle ziSya ko prApta kara abhayadevasUri ko. bhI asIma Ananda kI anubhUti huii| ve jaba bhI samaya milatA rAta dina jinavallabha ko AgamoM kI vAcanAeM dene lage aura isa prakAra thor3e hI samaya meM abhayadevasUri ne jinavallabha ko sabhI AgamoM kI pUrNa vAcanAeM pradAna kara dii| pUrva meM kisI eka jyotiSa vidyA ke vidvAn ne abhayadevasUri se nivedana kiyA thA ki yadi unakA koI atizaya medhAvI suyogya ziSya ho to use usake pAsa jyotiSa vidyA kI zikSA ke liye bhejeN| tadanusAra abhayadevasUri ne jinavallabha ko AgamoM kI vAcanA dene ke anantara usa jyotiSI ke pAsa jyotiSa vidyA kA bhI adhyayana karane ke liye bhejaa| usa jyotivid ne svalpa samaya meM hI jinavallabha ko jyotiSa vidyA kA niSNAta vidvAn banA diyaa| isa prakAra jyotiSa vidyA meM bhI niSNAtatA prApta karane ke anantara jinavallabha punaH abhayadevasUri kI sevA meM rahane lgaa| eka dina abhayadevasUri ne jinavallabha se kahA-"putra! tumheM AgamoM kA adhyayana karavA diyA gayA hai / AgamoM kA jJAna prApta kara lene ke pazcAt aba tuma jo ucita samajho vahI kro|" jinavallabha ne sAMjali zISa jhukA "yathA'jJApayati deva !" kahate hue sudRr3ha svara meM kahA- "bhagavan ! maiM yathA zakti Apa se prApta Agama jJAna ke anusAra hI AcaraNa kruugaa|" eka dina zubha ghar3I meM abhayadevasUri kI prAjJA prApta kara jinavallabha apane caityavAsI prAcArya se milane ke liye usI mArga se prasthita hA jisa mArga se ki vaha pATaNa meM AyA thaa| mArga meM avasthita marukoTTa nagara meM vaha usI zrAvaka ke caitya meM ThaharA / usane usa devagRha meM isa prakAra kI vidhi likhI jisase pravidhi caitya bhI vidhi caitya bana jAtA hai / vaha vidhi isa prakAra hai (1) yahAM prAgama viruddha koI bAta nahIM kI jaaygii| (2) rAtri meM yahAM kabhI snAtra kArya nahIM kiyA jaaygaa| (3) yahAM koI sAdhu mamatApUrvaka apanA Azraya banAkara nahIM raha skegaa| (4) yahAM rAtri meM kisI bhI strI kA praveza nahIM hogaa| (5) yahAM jAti vaMza kula Adi kA koI bheda athavA kadAgraha nahIM hogaa| (6) yahAM zrAvakajana na to tAmbUla carvaNa kara sakeMge aura na tAmbUla mukha meM DAle yahAM praveza hI kara skeNge| tadanantara apane guru se milane ke liye jinavallabha marukoTa se prasthita hue| prAzidurga se tIna kosa pUrva hI mAIyar3a nAmaka grAma meM jinavallabha Thahara gye| svayaM
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinavallabhasUri [ 241 apane guru ke pAsa na jAkara unhoMne eka patravAhaka ko apane guru ke pAsa yaha likhakara bhejA ki Apake kRpA prasAda se suguru zrI abhayadevasUri ke pAsa sampUrNa AgamoM kI vAcanAeM grahaNa kara maiM yahAM mAIyar3a grAma meM A gayA huuN| kRpA kara pUjya gurudeva yahIM padhAra kara mileN| patra par3hakara caityavAsI AcArya jinezvarasUri ko bar3A Azcarya huaa| ve mana hI mana socane lage-"are ! jinavallabha svayaM yahAM kyoM nahIM AyA, usane isa prakAra kA nirdezAtmaka patra kyoM likhA hai ?" itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI unakA ziSya AgamoM kI vAcanA lekara AyA hai, isa samAcAra se unake harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| dUsare dina jinezvarasUri aneka vidvAnoM, pratiSThita nAgarikoM evaM apane anuyAyiyoM ke vizAla samUha ke sAtha mAIyaDa grAma meM jinavallabha ke pAsa aaye| jinavallabha bhI guru ke sammukha gayA aura unheM vandana kiyaa| pArasparika kuzalakSema ke vArtAlApa ke anantara brAhmaNa vidvAnoM kI jijJAsA ko zAnta karane ke liye jinavallabha ne apane jyotiSa jJAna ke aneka camatkAra batAye / apane jyotiSa bala se kucha hI kSaraNoM pazcAt hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kI jinavallabha ne bhaviSyavANI bhI kii| unakI bhaviSyavANI ko tatkAla saphala satya huI dekha caityavAsI AcArya jinezvarasUri bhI Azcaryavibhora ho utthe| antatogatvA jinezvarasUri ne apane ziSya jinavallabha ko ekAnta meM pUchA"vatsa ! kyA kAraNa hai ki tuma AzIdurga na Akara bIca ke isa grAma meM hI ruka gaye ?" jinavallabhasUri ne apane guru ke prazna ke uttara meM kahA-"bhagavan ! sacce guru ke mukha se jinezvara prabhu ke vacanAmRta kA pAna karane ke anantara aba maiM viSa tulya caityavAsa ko kaise aMgIkAra kara sakatA huuN|" jinezvarasUri ne samajhAne kA prayAsa karate hae usake samakSa pralobhana bhare svara meM kahA-"vatsa ! maiMne yaha soca rakkhA thA ki tumheM AcArya pada para AsIna kara apane gaccha aura devagRha tathA zrAvaka zrAvikAvarga kI vyavasthA tumheM sambhalAkara maiM abhayadevasUri ke pAsa vasati nivAsa ko grahaNa kara luuNgaa|" jinavallabha ne uttara diyA-"bhagavan ! yadi Apane isa prakAra kA nizcaya kara rakhA hai to vasati vAsa ko aMgIkAra karane meM aba vilamba kyoM kara rahe haiM ? vivekazIla vyakti ko to tatkAla hI anucita mArga kA tyAga aura ucita mArga kA anusaraNa (aMgIkaraNa) kara lenA cAhiye / "
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________________ 242 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 caityavAsI prAcArya ne kahA- "mere antarmana meM abhI taka isa prakAra kI nispRhatA utpanna nahIM huI hai ki maiM kisI samartha evaM suyogya vyakti ko apane gaccha aura devamandira kA bhAra sauMpe binA hI vasativAsa ko svIkAra kara lUM / hAM, aba tuma vasativAsa saharSa svIkAra kara sakate ho|" apane dIkSA guru caityavAsI AcArya jinezvarasUri kI isa prakAra sammati prApta ho jAne para jinavallabha ne unheM vandana kara pattana kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| vihAra krama se ve anahillapura paTTaNa meM abhayadevasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hue aura unheM bar3I bhaktipUrvaka vandana kiyA / abhayadevasUri ko atIva santoSa huyA / mana hI mana unhoMne socA-"jaisA bhavya samajhA thA usI prakAra kA yaha siddha huA hai| vastutaH mere pada ke yogya hai yaha, kintu yaha caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcArya kA ziSya hai isa kAraNa isa samaya ise AcArya pada para AsIna karanA mere gaccha ke sAdhusAdhvI zrAvaka zrAvikAvarga ko rucikara pratIta nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra vicAra kara abhayadevasUri ne apane varddhamAna nAmaka ziSya ko apane gaccha ke dhurINa AcAryapada para adhiSThita kara diyA aura jinavallabha gaNi ko unhoMne apanI upasampadA pradAna karate hue kahA-"vatsa ! hamArI prAjJA se tuma jahAM cAho vahIM vicaraNa kara sakate ho|" tadanantara ekAnta dekhakara abhayadevasUri ne apane vizvAsapAtra prasannacandrAcArya ko kahA-'mere paTTa para koI zubha muhUrta dekhakara tuma jinavallabha gaNi ko AcAryapada pradAna kara denaa|" isa prakAra nirdeza dene ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt abhayadevasUri ne vikrama samvat 1135 tathA dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra vikrama samvat 1136 ke AsapAsa kapar3agaMja nAmaka sthAna meM svargArohaNa kiyaa| prasannacandrAcArya bhI abhayadevasUri ke nirdezAnusAra jinavallabha ko unake paTTadhara pada para AsIna karane hetu samucita avasara kI pratIkSA meM hI raha gaye, aura karapaTaka vANijya nAmaka sthAna meM apanA avasAna kAla ati sannikaTa dekha unhoMne devabhadrAcArya ko abhayadevasUri kI antima icchA sunAte hue kahA- "maiM to guruvarya kI AjJA kA pAlana nahIM kara sakA aura aba paraloka kI ora prayANa karane hI vAlA huuN| Apa jinavallabha ko abhayadevasUri ke paTTa para AsIna kara unakI antima icchA kI pUrti krnaa|" abhayadevasUri ke svargastha hone ke anantara jinavallabha gariNa kucha samaya taka anahillapura paTTaNa aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate rahe / para unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki vahAM rahate hue unake dvArA koI aisA kArya sampanna nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai jisase ki unake antarmana meM AhlAda ho tathA jina zAsana kI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinavallabhasUri [ 243 abhyunnati ho / ataH unhoMne apane do aura sAdhuoM ke sAtha zubha muhUrta meM paTTaNa se vihAra kara jinendra prabhu dvArA pradarzita vidhi dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lakSya se citrakUTa Adi vibhinna nagaroM evaM pradezoM meM vicaraNa kiyaa| vihAra krama se jinavallabhasUri jina-jina grAmoM, nagaroM athavA pradezoM meM gaye vahAM usa samaya taka caityavAsiyoM kA pUrNa varcasva thaa| prAyaH vahAM ke sabhI nivAsiyoM ke mana, mastiSka aura hRdaya taka meM caityavAsI paramparA apanI gaharAI se jar3a jamAe hue thI / isa prakAra ke kSetroM meM vidhi mArga kA pracAra-prasAra karate hue jinavallabhasUri citrakUTa nagara meM padhAre / citrakUTa meM vastutaH taba taka caityavAsiyoM kA pUrNa varcasva thaa| ataH unheM prayAsa karane ke uparAnta bhI koI samucita sthAna Thaharane ke liye nahIM milA / vahAM ke caityavAsI zrAvakoM ne nagara ke bAhara nirjana ekAnta sthAna meM avasthita caNDikA maTha kI ora iMgita karate hue kahA ki usa caNDikA maTha meM to Apa Thahara sakate haiM / jinavallabha gaNi tatkAla tADa gaye ki ye loga inheM kisI daivI saMkaTa meM DAlane ke abhiprAya se maTha meM Thaharane kA kaha rahe haiN| kintu isa prakAra kI pratikUla paristhiti meM nirjana caNDikA maTha meM Thaharane ke atirikta aura kara hI kyA sakate the / unhoMne mana hI mana yaha vicAra kara ki usa nirjana caMDikA maTha meM Thaharane para bhI devAdhideva jinezvaradeva evaM guruvara ke kRpA prasAda se sabhI prakAra kalyANa hI hogA, una logoM se kahA- "yadi ApakI yahI icchA hai to hama usa caMDikA maTha meM hI Thahara jaayeNge|" tadanantara deva aura guru kA smaraNa kara tathA zAsana devI ko anujJApita kara jinavallabhasUri usa caMDikA maTha meM jA tthhre| jinavallabhasUri ke jJAna dhyAna evaM sadanuSThAna se prasanna ho zAsana devI unakI saba prakAra ke azubha aniSToM se rakSA karane lgii| jinavallabha sUri ke sambandha meM cittaur3a ke nAgarikoM meM yaha bAta vidyut vega se phaila gaI ki ve na kevala jaina darzana hI apitu sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ke pAradRzvA vidvAn, nyAya zAstra, tarkazAstra, pANinI kI aSTAdhyAyI, vyAkaraNa, 84 prakAra ke nATaka zAstra, jyotiSa zAstra (sarvotkRSTa paMca mahAkAvya, jayadeva kavi kA zabda sauSThava sampanna bhakti evaM zRgAra rasa se ota-prota gItikAoM) aura chanda zAstra ke talasparzI prakANDa paNDita haiN| isa prakAra kI prazaMsApUrNa prasiddhi ke prasRta hote hI sabhI darzanoM ke vidvAn aura veda vedAMgoM ke pAragAmI brAhmaNa vidvAn unake pAsa caNDikA ke maTha meM Ane lge| jisa-jisa vidvAn ko jisa-jisa apane priya zAstra ke viSaya meM jo-jo bhI saMzaya the una saMzayoM ko una vidvAnoM ne jinavallabhasUri ke samakSa rkhaa| apane samaya ke ucca koTi ke udbhaTa vidvAn jinavallabhasUri ne pramANa purassara yukti-saMgata uttara se una sabhI vidvAnoM ke saMzayoM kA parama santoSakArI samAdhAna kiyaa| sabhI vidvAn parama santuSTa hue aura unake mAdhyama se jinavallabhasUri kI yaza-patAkA pUre nagara meM laharAne lagI ki vastutaH ve sabhI darzanoM, sabhI zAstroM aura vidyAoM ke prakANDa paNDita haiM evaM aise vidvAn
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________________ 244 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 mahApuruSa kA cittaur3a nivAsiyoM ke bhAgya se hI cittaur3a meM padArpaNa huA hai| nagara meM prasRta jinavallabha kI kIrti se AkarSita hokara katipaya zrAvaka bhI jinavallabhasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hue| unhoMne jinavallabhasUri ke pravacanoM meM AtmoddhAra ke sambandha meM Agamika upadeza sunakara anirvacanIya Ananda kA anubhava kiyaa| Agama vacana ke anusAra hI jinavallabhasUri ke zramaNAcAra ko dekhakara zrAvaka sAdhAraNa, zrAvaka saDDhaka Adi aneka zrAvakoM ne vAcanAcArya jinavallabhagariNa ko apane guru ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| apane guru ke talasparzI AgamajJAna aura unakI jyotiSazAstra meM niSNAtatA ko dekhakara ve sabhI zrAvaka jinavallabhasUri ke parama AjJAkArI zrAvaka ho gaye / eka dina zrAvaka sAdhAraNa ne jinavallabhasUri se prArthanA kI ki ve kRpA kara use bIsa hajAra kI dhanarAzi kA parigraha parimANa krvaaeN| jinavallabhasUri ne sAdhAraNa zrAvaka ko bAra-bAra samajhAkara bIsa hajAra dramma ke sthAna para lAkha dramma kA parigraha parimANa krvaayaa| parigraha parimAraNa kA niyama karane ke pazcAt zrAvaka sAdhAraNa kI sampatti dina dUnI rAta caugunI bar3hane lagI aura usakI gaNanA lakSAdhipati zreSThiyoM meM kI jAne lgii| isa adRSTa adbhuta camatkAra se na kevala zrAvaka sAdhAraNa hI apitu sabhI zrAvaka bar3e camatkRta aura prabhAvita hue| ve saba guru ke choTe-bar3e sabhI prakAra ke AdezoM kA pAlana karane ke lie tatpara rahane lge| isa prakAra jinavallabha sUri kA prabhAva cittaur3a durga aura usake AsapAsa ke jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para uttarottara bar3hatA hI calA gyaa| Asoja kRSNA trayodazI ke dina jinavallabha gaNi ne apane zrAvakoM ke samakSa yaha bAta rakhI ki yadi Aja bhagavAn mahAvIra ke devagRha meM bhagavAna ko vandana kiyA jAya to saMgha kA bar3A kalyANa hogA kyoMki Aja zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA garbhApahAra nAmaka chaThA kalyANaka hai| kyoMki isa samaya cittaur3anagara * meM eka bhI vidhi caitya nahIM hai isaliye caityavAsI paramparA ke kisI bhI mandira meM jAkara bhagavAn ke paSTha kalyANaka ke upalakSya meM unako vandanA karanI cAhiye / zrAvaka varga ne apane guru ke Adeza ko zirodhArya karate hue kahA-"bhagavan ! jo Apako abhISTa hai vahI hama kreNge|" tadanantara sabhI zrAvaka nahA dhokara nirmala vastra pahane apane hAthoM meM pUjA kI pavitra sAmagrI liye apane guru ke sAtha bhagavAn ke mandira meM jAne ke lie udyata hue| jina caitya meM baiThI huI caityavAsI paramparA kI eka sAdhvI ne jaba jinavallabhasUri ko apane zramaNopAsaka samudAya ke sAtha mandira kI ora Ate dekhA to usane Age bar3hakara zrAvakoM se pUchA-"kyA Aja koI viziSTa Ayojana hai ? koI parva vizeSa hai ?" jinavallabhasUri ke eka zrAvaka ne usake uttara meM kahA-"hAM, Aja vIra garbhApahAra nAmaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA chaThA kalyANaka hai isalie hama loga bhagavAn ke vandana pUjana ke lie yahAM Aye haiN|"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa-2 ] jinavallabhasUri [ 245 . usa AryA ne kSaNa bhara mana hI mana vicAra kiyA ki Aja taka pahale kisI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA chaThA kalyANaka nahIM manAyA, isa prakAra kI sthiti meM yadi ye Aja garbhApahAra nAmaka chaThA kalyANaka manAyeMge to yaha baDA hI anucita hogaa| isa prakAra vicAra kara vaha sAdhvI mandira ke dvAra para leTa gaI aura jyoMhI ve zrAvaka jinavallabhasUri ke sAtha mandira ke dvAra kI ora bar3hane lage to usane kahA-"tuma loga mere marane para hI mandira meM praveza kara sakoge, merI jIvita avasthA meM kadApi nhiiN|" kaTutA ke bar3hane kI AzaMkA se jinavallabhasUri ke sAtha sabhI zrAvaka vahAM se lauTa Aye / zrAvakoM ne jinavallabhasUri se nivedana kiyA-"bhagavan ! hama logoM meM se aneka ke pAsa bar3e hI vizAla bhavana haiM unameM se kisI eka bhavana ke uparitana kakSa meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA jinepaTTaka dhara kara prabhu vandana Adi sabhI dhArmika kRtya sampanna kie jaaeN|" jinavallabhasUri ne zrAvakoM ke prastAva ko svIkAra karate hue eka bhavana meM savidhi SaSTha kalyANaka kA mahotsava mnaayaa| isase sabhI bar3e santuSTa hue aura unhoMne paraspara mantraNA para jinavallabhasUri se nivedana kiyA-"bhagavan ! avidhi meM pravRtta ina caityavAsiyoM ke mandira meM kabhI kisI bhI dazA meM jinokta vidhi se prabhu vandana pUjana kA avasara milanA bar3A kaThina hai| ata: yadi Apako yaha ucita pratIta ho to hama loga eka-dUsare ke nIce Upara do jina mandiroM kA nirmANa karavA leN|" jinavallabhasUri ne dhanarava gambhIra svara meM nimnalikhita gAthA kA gAna kiyA : jinabhavanaM jinabimbaM, jinapUjAM jinamataM ca yaH kuryAt / tasya narAmarazivasukha phalAni karapallavasthAni // arthAt jo koI vyakti jinezvara bhagavAn kA mandira, jinezvara prabhu kA bimba banavAtA hai, jinezvara kI pUjA karatA hai, jina prarUpita dharma kA pracAra prasAra karatA hai usake karatala meM mAnava bhava, deva bhava aura mokSa ke sukha phala ke rUpa meM anAyAsa hI upalabdha ho jAte haiM / isa gAthA ko sunakara zrAvakoM ko yaha vizvAsa ho gayA ki do taloM ke eka bhavana meM do jina mandiroM kA nirmANa karavAnA jinavallabha gaNi kI dRSTi meM mahAn puNyaphalapradAyI kArya hai / yaha vicAra kara una zrAvakoM ne do taloM ke rUpa meM do jina mandira banavAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| yaha saMvAda caityavAsiyoM taka pahuMcA / caityavAsI paramparA ke pramukha zrAvaka lakSAdhIza prahlAdana aura bahudAka ne kahA :-"dekho to
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________________ 246 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 sahI, yaha daridrI dramuka devamandiroM kA nirmANa karavAeMge aura rAjamAnya ho jAeMge / " caityavAsI zrAvakoM kI yaha bAta jinavallabha garie ke kAnoM taka phuNcii| zauca nivRtti hetu bahir bhUmi kI ora jAte samaya jinavallabha garie ko zreSThi prahlAdana milA / jinavallabha gariga ne usase kahA - "dekho bhadra ! tumheM isa prakAra kI garvokti nahIM kahanI cAhiye / ina naye upAsaka zrAvakoM meM se bhI koI na koI zrAvaka rAjamAnya zreSThi hogA aura vaha tumheM rAjapuruSoM ke bandhana se chuTakArA dilavAegA / " kAlAntara meM jinavallabha gariNa kI yaha bhaviSyavAraNI phalIbhUta ho gaI / prahlAdana zrAvaka ko kisI aparAdha meM daNDanAyaka ne pakar3a kara usake hAthoM meM hathakar3iyAM DAla dIM / jaba jinavallabha gariga ke pramukha zrAvaka sAdhAraNa ko yaha bAta jJAta huI to usane apane prabhAva se prahlAdana ko bandhanoM se mukta karavAyA / apane nizcaya ke anusAra jinavallabha gariNa ke zrAvakoM ne eka vizAla bhavana kA nirmANa karavAyA aura usakI donoM maMjiloM meM do jina mandira banavAye / bar3e ThATha-bATha se una zrAvakoM ne una donoM mandiroM meM mUrtiyoM kI jinavallabha gariNa ke hAthoM pratiSThA krvaaii| isase jinavallabha garie kI kIrti digdiganta meM phaila gaI ki vastutaH guru hoM to aise hoM / kharataragacch vRhad gurvAvalIkAra ne jinavallabha garie ke jIvanavRtta meM unake jyotiSa vijJAna ke prakAMDa pAMDitya para prakAza DAlate hue unake etadviSayaka camatkAroM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai / vRhad gurvAvalI meM ullekha hai ki eka samaya municandrAcArya ne apane do ziSyoM ko AgamoM kI vAcanA grahaNa karane ke liye jinavallabha garie ke pAsa bhejA / jinavallabha gariga ne unako AgamoM kI vAcanA denA prArambha kiyA / ve donoM zrAgama zikSArthI bhI jinavallabha gariNa ke zrAvakoM ko apane pakSa meM karane ke lakSya se unakA aneka prakAra se manoraMjana karane lage / eka dina muni candra ke una donoM ziSyoM ne apane guru ke nAma eka patra likhA / usa patra ko vAcanA grahaNa karane ke basate meM DAlakara ve donoM vidyArthI muni jinavallabha gariNa kI vasati meM gaye / ve donoM jinavallabha garie ko vandana karane ke pazcAt unake samakSa baiTha gaye / vAcanA grahaNa karane ke liye jyoM hI unhoMne basate ko kholA to unakA vaha patra bAhara gira gayA / abhinava lekhana ko dekhakara jinavallabha gariNa ne usa patra ko uThAkara par3hanA prArambha kara diyA / ve donoM vidyArthI muni avAk evaM pravaza ho dekhate hI raha gaye / jinavallabha gari ke hAtha meM se usa patra ko chIna lene kA to unameM sAhasa nahIM thA / jinavallabha gariNa ne unake usa patra ko par3hA jisameM likhA huA thA :- " - "jinavallabha gari ke katipaya zrAvakoM ko hamane apane vaza meM kara liyA hai / sabhI zrAvakoM ko hama vaza meM kara sakeMge aisI hamArI dhAraNA hai / " zanaiH zanaiH inake
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinavallabhasUri [ 247 patra ko par3ha lene ke pazcAt jinavallabha gariNa ne sasvara nimnalikhita AryA kA uccAraNa kiyA : AsIjjanaH kRtaghnaH kriyamANaghnastu sAmprataM jAtaH / iti me manasi vitarko bhavitA lokaH kathaM bhavitA // arthAt apane Upara kiye gaye upakAra ke badale apakAra karane vAle kRtaghna loga to samaya-samaya para yugAdi se hI hote cale A rahe the / kintu Aja ke isa yuga meM to apane Upara kiye jA rahe upakAra ke badale apakAra karane vAle kriyamANaghna loga ho gaye haiM yaha dekhakara mere mana meM eka dukhabharI AzaMkA utpanna ho rahI hai ki aba Age loga kisa-kisa prakAra ke hoMge aura isa saMsAra kI kaisI dayanIya dazA bana jaayegii| . isa AryA kA uccAraNa karane ke pazcAt jinavallabha gariNa ne una donoM kriyamANaghna zikSArthI kuziSyoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :-"basa aba bahuta ho gaI vAcanA Apa logoM ko isa prakAra kI viSabujhI bhAvanA ko dekhkr|" . __ ve donoM muni tatkAla apane-apane basate vastra pAtra Adi sameTa kara drutagati se apane guru municandrAcArya ke pAsa lauTa gye| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt unheM kabhI kisI ne cittaur3agar3ha meM nahIM dekhA / jinavallabha gariNa ke antarporaNApradAyinI upadeza zailI kA eka udAharaNa prastuta karate hue kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalIkAra ne likhA hai :- "bAgaDa prAnta kA rahane vAlA gaNadeva nAmaka eka zrAvaka yaha jAnakara ki jinavallabhagaNi ke pAsa svarNasiddhi kI vidhi hai, vipula svarNa prApti kI icchA se cittaur3agar3ha meM unakI sevA meM AyA aura unakI aharniza upAsanA karane lgaa| jinavallabha gaNi ne usa zrAvaka ke manobhAvoM ko kisI prakAra jAna liyaa| unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki yaha vyakti vastutaH bar3A hI suyogya hai| yadi ise dharma kI zikSA dekara dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke kArya meM lagA diyA jAya to logoM kA bar3A upakAra ho sakatA hai / yaha vicAra kara ve use dhArmika jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha isa prakAra ke upadeza dene lage jinase ki usake antarmana meM anAsakti paraka saMvigna bhAva, vairAgya bhAva utpanna ho jAya / jinavallabha gariga kI amodha evaM adbhuta upadeza zailI kA aisA prabhAva par3A ki vaha gaNadeva zrAvaka svarNa siddhi ke prati udAsIna ho sAMsArika kAryakalApoM se virakta evaM anAsakta ho gayA / gaNadeva zrAvaka ke utkaTa anAsakti aura saMvignabhAva ko dekha kara eka dina jinavallabhagaNi ne usase kahA :-"saumya / kyA maiM tumheM svarNasiddhi batAUM?" gaNadeva zrAvaka ne kahA :-"bhagavan ! mujhe svarNasiddhi athavA svarNa se
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________________ 248 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 aba koI prayojana nahIM hai / maiM to Apake mukhAravinda se yaha niyama graharaNa karanA cAhatA hUM ki bIsa dramma se maiM vyApAra kara apanA jIvana nirvAha karUMgA aura adhikAdhika samaya taka zrAvaka dharma ke karttavyoM kA nirvahana karatA rahUMgA / " kucha samaya taka jinavallabha gariNa kI sevA meM usane dhArmika jJAna ke sAthasAtha dharma kA pracAra karane kI kalA bhI apane guru se sIkha lii| isa prakAra use dhArmika jJAna kA prazikSaNa de jinavallabha gariNa ne dharma ke pracAra-prasAra hetu bAgar3a deza meM bheja diyA / dharmopadeza dene kI kalA meM garaNadeva zrAvaka niSNAta ho gayA thA / bAgaDa deza ke gAMva-gAMva, nagara-nagara aura Dagara-Dagara meM ghUma-ghUma kara usane logoM meM dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kiyA aura thor3e hI samaya meM bAgaDa deza ke nivAsiyoM ko bar3I saMkhyA meM jinavallabha gariNa kA upAsaka banA diyA / unake kAvya-racanA kauzala kA digdarzana karAte hue gurvAvalIkAra ne likhA hai ki jinavallabhag2ariNa kA vyAkhyAna sunane ke liye prAyaH pratidina aneka vidvAn, vicakSaraNa puruSa aura vizeSata: brAhmaraNa paMDita apane-apane mana kI zaMkAoM ko miTAne ke uddezya se AyA karate the / eka dina vyAkhyAna dete samaya prasaMgavazAt unhoMne 'dhijjAIraNa mAhaNaM' ( dhigjAtIyA brAhmaNA ) isa gAthA kA vivecana kiyA / 'dhigjAtIyA brAhmaNAH ' yaha sunate hI saba brAhmaNa ruSTa hokara vyAkhyAna-sthala se uThakara bAhara cale gaye / ve saba eka sthAna para ekatrita hue, jinaballabhaga riNa ke vipakSI loga bhI una brAhmaNoM meM jAkara sammilita ho gaye / ve saba ke saba krodhAbhibhUta ho kahane lage :- "hama jinavallabha ke sAtha zAstrArtha kara use parAjita evaM lajjita kareMge / " jinavallabhaga riNa ko jaba yaha saba vRttAnta jJAta huA to unhoMne eka patra para nimnalikhita zloka likhakara apane eka vizvasta vivekI zrAvaka ke sAtha yaha kahakara una brAhmaNoM ke pAsa bhejA ki una brAhmaNoM meM jo sabase adhika prabhAvazAlI vRddha brAhmaraNa ho usake hAtha meM yaha patra de denA / usa upAsaka ne una brAhmaNoM ke samUha meM jAkara eka pratibhAzAlI vayovRddha brAhmaNa paMDita ke hAtha meM vaha patra de diyA / usa zloka ko vayovRddha brAhmaNa ne bar3e dhyAna se par3hA aura anya saba vidvAnoM ko vaha zloka sunAte hue unheM parAmarza diyA :-' - "hameM yahAM viveka se kAma lenA caahie| hama saba loga vastutaH eka-eka vidyA ke hI vijJa haiM lekina yaha jaina mahAmuni jinavallabha to saba prakAra kI vidyAoM meM niSNAta haiM / aisI dazA meM hama saba milakara bhI unake sAtha zAstrArtha meM vijaya prApta karanA to dUra, zAstrArtha meM kSaNa bhara ke liye bhI unake samakSa Tika nahIM sakeMge / ataH unake sAtha saMgharSa meM na utara kara unake guNoM se, unake agAdha jJAna se lAbha uThAnA hI hama sabake lie zreyaskara hai / " apane vayovRddha vidvAn ke isa satparAmarza se una saba brAhmaNa vidvAnoM kA krodha zAMta huA aura ve saba apane-apane sthAna kI ora cale gye| jinavallabhasUri dvArA banAyA huA vaha zloka isa prakAra hai : maryAdAbhaMgabhIteramRtamayatayA dhairyagAMbhIryayogAn na kSubhyantyeva tAvanniyamitasalilAH sarvadaite samudrAH /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinavallabhasUri aho kSobhaM vrajeyuH kvacidapi samaye daivayogAttadAnIM na kSoNI nAdricakraM na ca ravizazinau sarvamekArNavaM syAt / / arthAt kahIM hamArI maryAdA kA bhaMga na ho jAya isa bhaya se, apane pragAdha udara meM amRta hone ke kAraNa tathA prathAha dhairya evaM gAmbhIrya ke dhanI hone ke kAraNa agAdha apAra pAnI ke akSaya nidhAna hote hue bhI ve samudra kabhI kSubdha nahIM hote / yadi kadAcit kisI samaya kisI kAraNavaza daiva yoga se yaha samudra kSubdha ho jAyaM to na to kahIM isa dharatI kA atA-patA rahe, na uttuGga gaganacumbI parvatoM kI mAlAeM aura na sUrya-ca - candra hI dRSTigocara hoM / nikhila brahmAMDa kevala ekArNava svarUpa arthAt jala hI jala ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAya / isa udanta se jinavallabhagariNa ke prakSobhya gAmbhIrya, atula sAhasa evaM aTala grAtma-vizvAsa kI eka jhalaka dRSTigocara hotI hai / [ 246 kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra jinavallabhasUri ne dhArAnagarI ke rAjAdhirAja nara varmA kI rAjya sabhA ke sammAna kI rakSA kI / bAhara ke koI do vidvAn ekadina naravarmA kI rAjyasabhA meM upasthita hue aura unhoMne rAjA kI vidvad maMDalI ke samakSa "kaMThe kuThAraH kamaThe ThakAraH " isa eka pada kI samasyA pUrti kA prastAva rakkhA / rAjya sabhA ke sabhI vidvAnoM ne apanI-apanI prajJA ke anusAra usa samasyA kI pUrti kI kintu una donoM vidvAnoM koM kisI se saMtoSa nahIM huA / rAja sabhA kI pratiSThA kA prazna thA / rAjA bar3A cintita huA / apanI rAjasabhA ke kisI eka vivekazIla puruSa ke parAmarza se eka caraNa kI usa samasyA ko patra meM likhakara eka drutagAmI azvArohI dUta ke sAtha jinavallabhasUri ke pAsa cittaur3a bhejA / jinavallabhasUri ne tatkAla zeSa tIna caraNoM kI pUrti kara pUrA zloka eka patra meM likhakara dhArAdhIza naravarmA ke pAsa tatkAla bheja diyA / sUryodaya hote-hote vaha dUta jinavallabha gariNa kA patra lekara rAjA kI sevA meM upasthita huA / rAjasabhA meM usa samasyApUrti ko nimnalikhita rUpa meM sunAyA gayA :-- "re re nRpAH ! zrI naravarabhUpaprasAdanAya kriyatAM natAMgrI / kaMThe kuThAraH kamaThe ThakArazcakre yadazvo'grakhurAgraghAtaiH // " arthAt are pro ! choTe-bar3e rAjyoM ke rAjAoM ! rAjAdhirAja zrI naravarmA ko prasanna karane ke liye unheM sASTAMga praNAma karake apane kaMTha para kulhAr3A rakha lo kyoMki usake ghor3oM ne apane khuroM ke prAghAta se bar3e-bar3e rAjAoM ko bhUlu MThita kara diyA hai / isa samasyApUrti ko sunate hI ve donoM hI vidvAn samasyA-pUrti karane vAle ajJAta vidvAn kI muktakaMTha se prazaMsA karate hue parama pramudita hue| apanI rAjya
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________________ 250 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 sabhA kI pratiSThA bacAne vAle jinavalbhasUri ke prati rAjA naravarma ne mana hI mana hArdika kRtajJatA prakaTa kI aura usane una donoM vidvAnoM ko vastrAbhUSaNa puraskAra Adi pradAna kara vidA kiyA / kAlAntara meM jaba jinavallabhasUri dhArAnagarI gaye to rAjA naravarma ne bar3I zraddhA aura bhakti se unakA sammAna karate hue tIna lAkha pArustha ( mudrA vizeSa ) aura tIna gAMva bheMTa svarUpa svIkAra karane kI prArthanA kii| jinavallabhagaraNa ne rAjA kI prArthanA ke uttara meM kahA :- "rAjan ! hama paMca mahAvratadhArI sAdhu haiM / dhanarAzi aura grAmAdi ko bheMTa rUpa meM svIkAra karanA to dUra, hama to dhana ke nAma para, parigraha ke nAma para kisI bhI mudrA kA sparza taka nahIM kara sakate / yadi yaha dhanarAzi aura tInoM grAmoM kI Aya kisI satkArya meM hI lagAnA cAhate haiM to cittaur3a meM zrAvakoM ne kucha hI samaya pUrva jo do jina mandira banavAye haiM, unakI vyavasthA ke liye yaha dAna kara dIjiye / rAjA isa prakAra jinavallabha gariNa kI nispRhatA dekhakara bar3A hI camatkRta evaM santuSTa huA aura usane citrakUTa ke donoM jina mandiroM ke lie pratidina do pArustha ke hisAba se zAzvata dAna kI rAjAjJA prasArita kI / isa paTTAvalI meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki jinavallabhagaraNa kI prasiddhi cAroM aura prasRta ho gaI aura nAgaura, nar3havara, marukoTTa, vikramapura Adi nagaroM ke zrAvakoM ne caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara Apako apanA guru banAyA / marukoTTanagara ke zrAvakoM kI prArthanA para Apane eka samaya upadezamAlA paraM vyAkhyAna denA prArambha kiyA aura 'samvaccharamusabhajirago' isa eka gAthA para Apane chaH mAsa paryanta vyAkhyAna diyA / Apake vyAkhyAnoM se zrAvaka bar3e santuSTa hue / eka dina vyAkhyAna bhavana meM vyAkhyAna dene ke pazcAt jaba ve apanI vasati meM apane zrAvaka samUha ke sAtha lauTe to usI samaya unhoMne dekhA ki eka dUlhA ghor3e para ArUr3ha ho vivAha ke lie jA rahA hai aura usake pIche striyoM kA samUha madhura kaNTha svara se gIta gAtA huA jA rahA hai / jinavallabhasUri ke mukha se haThAt dIrgha nizvAsa nikala par3I / zrAvakoM dvArA kAraNa pUche jAne para jinavallabhasUri ne kahA - vicitra hai karma kI gati / ye jo striyAM isa samaya gAtI huI jA rahI haiM, kucha hI kSaNoM ke pazcAt karuraNa krandanapUrvaka rudana karatI huI lauTeMgI / kucha hI kSaNoM pazcAt apane guru kI bhaviSyavANI ko satya huA dekha zrAvakoM ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA / kucha hI kSaNoM pUrva jo striyAM gAtI huI jA rahI thIM ve saba rotI huI lauTa rahI thiiN| striyoM ke rone kA kAraNa yaha thA ki jisa samaya dUlhA sIr3hiyoM para car3ha rahA thA usakA paira phisala gayA aura vaha gharaTTa ke Upara gira par3A / tatkAla usakA peTa pUrI taraha phaTa gayA aura usakA prANAnta ho gayA /
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________________ sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinavallabhasUri [ 251 marukoTa se vihAra kara jinavallabhasUri nAgapura-nAgaura padhAre aura aneka sthAnoM para vicaraNa karate hue devabhadrAcArya aNahillapura paTTaNa pdhaare| vahAM unhoMne vicAra kiyA ki prasannacandrAcArya ne svargArohaNa se pUrva mujhe yaha kahA thA ki jinavallabhagariNa ko abhayadeva sUri ke paTTa para AsIna kara denaa| isake lie aba upayukta samaya hai| unhoMne tatkAla nAgapura-nAgaura meM sthita jinavallabhagaNi ke pAsa eka patra bhejA ki ve zIghra hI apane samudAya ke sAtha citrakUTa pahu~ca jaaeN| ve bhI zIghra hI vahAM Akara apanA abhIpsita kArya kreNge| tadanusAra donoM-jinavallabhagaNi aura devabhadrAcArya apane-apane samudAya ke sAtha cittaur3a paha~ca gaye / paM0 somacandra ko bhI usa samaya bulAyA gayA thA kintu ve cittaur3a nahIM pahu~ca sake / zubha muhUrta dekhakara devabhadrasUri ne vikrama samvat 1167 kI ASAr3ha zuklA chaTha ke dina cittaur3a sthita vIra vidhi caitya meM jinavallabhasUri ko navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke paTTa para prAcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| isa prakAra jinavallabhasUri ko abhayadevasUri kA paTTadhara niyukta kara devabhadrAcArya apane ziSya parivAra sahita vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane lge| prAcArya pada para pratiSThita hone ke pazcAt jinavallabhasUri vidhi mArga ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie nirantara prayAsa karate rahe, para sahasA ve rugNa ho gye| unhoMne vyAdhi ke Akasmika AkramaNa ko dekhakara nimitta jJAna ke bala se yaha jJAta kara liyA ki aba unakA antima samaya A pahuMcA hai| unhoMne vikrama samvat 1167 kI kArtika vadi dazama ke dina apane sabhI duSkRtoM kI AlocanA kara saMthArA kiyA aura namaskAra maMtra kA nirantara jApa karate hue vikrama samvat 1167 kI kArtika kRSNA dvAdazI ke dina rAtri ke antima prahara meM tIna dina ke anazana ke pazcAt ve caturtha devaloka ke adhikArI hue| jinavallabhasUri ke jIvana vRtta kA yaha eka pakSa hai, jise yazasvinI kharataragaccha paramparA kI paTTAvalI (vRhad gurvAvalI) ke AdhAra para saMkSepataH Upara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kharataragaccha se itara prAyaH sabhI paramparAoM ke vidvAn lekhakoM ne, mukhyataH tapAgaccha ke upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara gariNa ne jinavallabhasUri ke jIvana vRtta kA, uparivariNata pakSa se nitAnta viparIta pakSa prastuta kiyA hai / dharma sAgara ne jinavallabha kI kaTutama AlocanA karate hue, unake dvArA kI gaI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke chaH kalyANakoM kI prarUpaNA ke prazna ko lekara unheM utsUtra-prarUpaka kI saMjJA taka se abhihita kara diyA hai / tapAgacchIya mahopAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara gaNi ne apanI "zrItapAgacchapaTTAvalI sUtram svopajJa vRtti saMvetam' meM zrI jinavallabhasUri ko abhayadevasUri ke ziSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra na kara unake jIvana ke antima kSaNoM taka caityavAsI
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________________ 252 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 paramparA kA anuyAyI zramaNa evaM caityavAsI paramparA ke AcArya zrI jinezvarasUri kA hI ziSya batAte hue likhA hai : "tathA kUrcapuragacchIya caityavAsI jinezvarasUri ziSyo jina vallabhazcitrakUTe SaTkalyANaka prarUpaNayA nijamataM prarUpitavAn / "1 arthAt kUrcapura (kucerA) gacchIya caityavAsI AcArya jinezvarasUri ke ziSya jinavallabha ne cittaur3a meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cha8 kalyANaka kI prarUpaNA kara apane svayaM ke naye mata ko prakaTa kiyaa| isI prakAra ajJAta kartRka "zrI guru paTTAvalI" meM bhI jinavallabhasUri ke liye isI prakAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai. jo isa prakAra hai :-"tatsamaye kUrcapuragacchIya caityavAsI zrI jinezvarasUri ziSyo jinavallabha nAmA citrakUTe SaSTa kalyANaka prarUpaNayA avidhi saMgham sthApitavAn, tatsampradAyaH kharatara iti vyavahrIyate vikramAt 1204 varSe jAtaH / "2 arthAt usa samaya kUrcapura gaccha ke caityavAsI AcArya zrI jinezvarasUri ke ziSya jinavallabha ne citrakUTa meM chaH kalyANakoM kI prarUpaNA kara pravidhi saMgha kI, (arthAt vidhi vihIna, anAgamika athavA mUla paramparA se viparIta saMgha kI) sthApanA kii| zrI jinavallabhasUri kA vaha sampradAya vikrama samvat 1204 meM kharatara nAma se pahicAnA jAne lgaa| . tapAgaccha ke upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara gaNi ne apane khaNDana maNDanAtmaka vizAla grantha "pravacana parIkSA" meM na kevala jinavallabha ko hI apitu sabase pahale kriyoddhAra kA zubhArambha karane vAle mahAn kriyoddhAraka varddhamAnasUri taka ko aura unake dvArA saMsthApita saMvigna paramparA athavA suvihita paramparA ke abhinna pramukha aMga kharataragaccha taka ko mUlataH caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyI batAte hue likhA hai : __ "zrI varddhamAnAcAryastu caityavAsaM parityajya zrI udyotanasUri pArve cAritraM gRhItvA viSamabhogika: sanna va yogAnuSThAnapUrvakaM sUtravAcanAM gRhItavAn, paraM vihArastadAjJAmAtreNeti-ataH eva zrI varddhamAnasUri saMtAnIya zrI abhayadevasUri, zrI varddhamAnasUri (dvitIya) prabhRtibhistathA tadanapatya jinavallabhenApi zrI vardhamAnasUrimavadhikRtya svakRta grantha prazastyAdau zrI varddhamAnasUri paTTa paramparA likhitA, na punastataH prAgapi sUrimavadhikRtyeti / '3 1. paTTAvalI samuccaya (sampAdaka muni zrI darzana vijayajI) pRSTha 54 2. vahI, pRSTha 166 3. pravacana parIkSA, bhAga 1, pRSTha 306 (upAdhyAya zrI dharma sAgara dvArA racita)
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinavallabhasUri [ 253 arthAt zrI varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara zrI udyotanasUri ke pAsa cAritra grahaNa kiyA arthAt abhinava rUpa se paMca mahAvrata kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| taduparAnta bhI ve viSama bhogika hI rahe, unake sAtha udyotanasUri ne zramaNa paramparA meM pracalita bAraha prakAra ke sambhoga evaM pArasparika vyavahAra nahIM rakhA / isa prakAra viSama bhogI rahate hue hI varddhamAnAcArya ne udyotanasUri se AgamoM kI vAcanAeM grahaNa kii| isa prakAra viSamabhogI rahate hue bhI varddhamAnasUri apane zikSAguru udyotanasUri kI AjJA se vicaraNa karate rhe| isa bhAMti na to udyotanasUri ne varddhamAnasUri ko apanI paramparA ke ziSya ke rUpa meM aura na varddhamAnasUri ne hI udyotanasUri ko apanA pUrvAcArya vidhivat svIkAra kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki varddhamAnasUri ke santAnIya athavA ziSya praziSya abhayadevasUri aura varddhamAnasUri (dvitIya) Adi AcAryoM ne tathA unakI ziSya santati meM nahIM Ane vAle jinavallabha ne bhI apanI-apanI kRtiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM zrI varddhamAnasUri se hI paTTa paramparA ke udbhava kA ullekha kiyA haiM / varddhamAnasUri se pUrva ke prAcAryoM kA unhoMne koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki inake pUrvAcArya to caityavAsI the aura udyotanasUri ko ye saba vidvAn lekhaka udyotanasUri kI paramparA se visambhogika hone ke kAraNa unheM (udyotanasUri ko) apanA pUrvAcArya nahIM likha sakate the| ina paMktiyoM ke mAdhyama se mahopAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara ne mahAn kriyoddhAraka varddhamAnasUri kI usa mahatI mahanIyA paramparA ko, jo Age calakara kharataragaccha ke nAma se lokavikhyAta huI aura jisane caityavAsI paramparA ke pracAra prasAra evaM varcasva ke kAraNa nitAnta gauNa banI huI zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla vizuddha paramparA ko punaH varcasva pradAna karane meM bhagIratha prayAsa tulya mahAn yogadAna kiyA, mUlataH hI nagaNya evaM vikrama samvat 1080 ke Asa-pAsa abhinava rUpa se saMsthApita paramparA siddha karane kA apanI ora se athaka kintu vastutaH nirarthaka prayAsa kiyA hai / kharataragaccha paramparA kI AlocanA karane meM AlocanA kI sImA ko lAMghakara upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara ne likhA hai : "savvehi kuvakhehi a nibbhanto kharayaro sahAveNaM / jibbhAdosadugeNaM, bhAsaNabhakkharaNasarUveNaM / / 4 / / ussuttaM bhAsittA, dijjA aliaMpi sammaI mUDho / pajjUsia vidalAi, bhakkhaMto bharaNai muNimappaM / / 85 / / ' 1. pravacana parIkSA, pRSTha 316, bhAga 1
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________________ 254 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 tIe pamANa karaNe, apamANaM sAsaNaM samaggaM pi / kAyavvaM vivarIyA, jeNaM doNNaMpi do paMthA // 70 / / jiNavallaho asIso, teNa ko daviNa dANeNa / 2 kharataropyanaMta saMsAryava, tanmadhye patito jinaprabho'pi mlecchAdhipati-prati bodhako'pi pravacanopaghAtyeka, utsUtra bhASiNAM pravacanopaghAtitvAt........" 3 arthAt jitane bhI kupakSa haiM, unameM kharatara pakSa vastutaH svabhAva se hI DhITha hai| bhASaNa aura bhakSaNa kI dRSTi se jo sabase bar3e do doSa hote haiM, una doSoM se kharataragaccha yukta hai / utsUtra arthAt sUtra viruddha prarUpaNA karake yaha mUDha jhUThI hI sammati detA hai| yAni bAsI dvidala Adi ko khAkara bhI yaha apane Apa ko muni kahatA hai| yadi kharataragaccha ko prAmANika mAna liyA jAya to samagra jinazAsana hI aprAmANika siddha ho jAtA hai, kyoMki jinazAsana aura kharataragaccha ye donoM eka-dUsare se viparIta dizA kI ora le jAne vAle bhinna-bhinna aura paraspara virodhI do mArga haiN| kUrcapura gacchIya caityavAsI prAcArya jinezvarasUri ne dhana dekara jinavallabha ko kharIdA aura usa kraya kiye hue bAlaka ko apanA ziSya banAyA / ye kharataragaccha vAle bhI ananta-ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM bhaTakane vAle haiM aura inake bIca meM patita yaha jinaprabha bhI mleccharAja tugalaka mohammada zAha kA pratibodhaka hote hue bhI nirgrantha pravacana kA uDDAha athavA upaghAta karane vAlA hI hai, kyoMki utsUtrabhASI vastutaH nirgrantha pravacana kA upaghAta karane vAle hI hote haiN| isa prakAra virodha kI parAkASThA ko pArakara dharma sAgara ne jinazAsana ko zithilAcAriyoM ke bAhupAza se unmukta karAne meM sarvAdhika yogadAna karane vAle jinavallabhasUri ko pravidhi mArga kA saMsthApaka, utsUtrabhASI, krayakrIta sAdhu, caityavAsI Adi kutsita sambodhanoM se abhihita kara varddhamAnasUri aura kharataragaccha ko jinazAsana se nitAnta viparIta patha kA anugAmI batAyA hai| isake kAraNoM para vicAra karane se pahale upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ke sambandha meM paTTAvalI samuccaya ke eka TippaNa kI ora dhyAna dilAnA paramAvazyaka hai| usa TippaNa meM dharmasAgara 1. pravacana parIkSA, bhAga 1, vizrAma 4, pRSTha 306 2. pravacana parIkSA, bhAga 1, pRSTha 231 3. vahI pRSTha 316 | 4. paTTAvalI samuccaya, pRSTha 173, TippaNa
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinavallabhasUri [ 255 ke sambandha meM likhA hai- " tathA tatziSyo vijayadAna sUriH kriyoddhAra sahAyakRt tasya ziSyaH pUrvaM kharataragaccha H pazcAt tapogacchAca raraNaH, devagirau zrI hIravijayasUrINAM sahAdhyAyI, gIrvANabhASAjalpadakSaH, tIvra buddhi:, prakhara vAdI, catuvidha vAda niSNAtaH, zrI jambUdvIpa prajJapti (vikrama saM0 1636 ) kalpa kiraNAvalI (vikrama samvat 1628 dIpAvalyAM rAjadhanyapure ) - kumati kuddAlaH -- pravacana parIkSAtapAgaccha paTTAvaliSu - tadvRtti nayacakra - IryApathikA SaTtriMzikA vRttiH -- prauSTrika matotsUtradIpikA (vikrama samvat 1617 ) pramukha granthAnAM praNetA upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgaraH / " isa TippaNa meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zrI dharmasAgara pahale kharataragaccha kA sAdhu thA aura kAlAntara meM tapAgaccha kA anuyAyI ho gayA / yadyapi isa TippaNa ke atirikta adyAvadhi anyatra kahIM isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai, jisase yaha siddha ho ki upAdhyAya dharmasAgara prathamataH kharataragaccha kA sAdhu thA aura kAlAntara meM usane kharataragaccha ko chor3akara tapAgaccha paramparA ko apanAyA ho / aisI sthiti meM yadi isa TippaNa ko nitAnta nirAdhAra na mAnA jAya to yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki kharataragaccha ke kisI prAcArya athavA vidvAn sAdhu se matabheda ho jAne ke kAraNa upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne tapAgaccha ko svIkAra kiyA ho aura usI pArasparika manomAlinya ke kAraNa dharmasAgara ne kharataragaccha ke viruddha isa prakAra viSavamana kiyA ho| isa pArasparika vidveSa ne bahuta ugra rUpa dhAraNa kiyA, isakI puSTi prAcAryazrI vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura meM upalabdha eka prAcIna patra kI pratilipi se hotI hai, jisameM likhA hai : "zrI kharataragacchIya suvihita sAdhuvarga ke Upara dveSabuddhi dharate thake tapagacchI zrI vijayadAnasUri ziSyadharmasAgara upAdhyAye tIsa bola sUtra sUM viruddha prarUpyA aura piNa zrI abhayadevasUri paramparAdika nIM mana kalpita prarUpaNA kIdhI je ehavA prAcArya kharataragaccha meM na thAya ityAdi zrasambaddha vacana bhAkhyA / te vAre samvat 1627 kArtika sudI sAtama dine zukravAsare zrI pATaNa nagara meM zrI kharataragaccha nAyaka parama saMvegI parama vairAgI yuga pradhAna guru zrI jinacandrasUri samasta darzanIe ekaTThA karI zAstra paDhAvyA / te vAre sarvagacchIya gItArtha mili gharaNA grantha joI, joiyAM pache dharmasAgara fastor | pache chipi rahyo / na Ave tivAre kArtika sudi 13 sarvadarzana milI carcA e khoTI jAraNI ne ninhava thApyo, jinadarzana thI bAhara | zuddha mArgI tapAgacchIya gItArthe piNa ninhava jAraNI tehano vacana pramAraNa na kIno / hivaDA kitarAika kadAgrahI mandamati zAstrajJAna hIna tapAgacchI piraNa te utsUtravAdI ninhava nA vacana pramAraNa kare che ane jina vacana lope che / te bApaDA ghaNUM saMsAra badhArasyai / ............" uparilikhita saba vivaraNoM ko dekhane se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki
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________________ 256 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 gacchabheda ke kAraNa jo kalahAgni jinazAsana meM bhar3aka uThI thI, usI ke pariNAmasvarUpa paraspara eka-dUsare ko nIcA dikhAne ke prayAsa pratipakSI gacchoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA kiye gye| vastutaH taTastha dRSTi se yadi jinavallabhasUri ke jIvanavRtta para vicAra kiyA jAya to yahI tathya prakAza meM AyegA ki ve eka mahAn krAntikArI vidvAn the| zrI varddhamAnasUri ne vikrama samvat 1080 meM kriyoddhAra kara zithilAcAra aura caityavAsiyoM dvArA jainadharma saMgha meM rUr3ha kara diye gaye vikAroM ke viruddha jo abhiyAna prArambha kiyA thA, use vastutaH jinavallabhasUri ne bala diyaa| vibhinna kSetroM meM ghUmaghUma kara unhoMne caityavAsiyoM ke gar3hoM ko dhUlidhUsarita kiyaa| saMgha paTTaka jaisI krAntikArI kRti kA nirmANa kara unhoMne jana-jana ke mana meM zithilAcAra ke viruddha vidroha ko Aga bhar3akA dii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri ke svargastha ho jAne ke anantara bhI caityavAsiyoM kA anahillapura paTTaNa meM prabala bahumata thA / vasativAsa paramparA ko jinezvarasUri ke prayAsoM se paTTaNa meM dharma pracAra kI svatantratA mila cukI thI tathApi gurjara rAjya ke ucca padoM para, vyAvasAyika pratiSThAnoM para evaM sAmAjika saMgaThanoM para caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM kA bar3A gaharA prabhAva thaa| isI kAraNa pATaNa ke saMgha para caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA prabhutva banA rahA / jaisA ki abhayadevasUri ke prakaraNa meM batAyA jA cukA hai-koI bhI cAhe kaisI hI zaktizAlI paramparA kyoM na ho-caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha milajulakara rahane kI dazA meM hI vaha na kevala apahillapura paTTaNa meM hI, apitu samasta gurjara rAjya meM apanA astitva banAye rakha sakatI thii| yahI kAraNa thA ki abhayadevasUri ne caityavAsI AcArya droNAcArya kI pahala para unake sAtha samanvayAtmaka sahayoga kA hAtha bddh'aayaa| anumAnataH abhayadevasUri ke jIvanakAla taka caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha suvihita paramparA kA, mukhyataH varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA kA pUrNataH sauhArdapUrNa evaM pArasparika sahayogapUrNa madhura vyavahAra rhaa| hamAre isa anumAna kI puSTi ina do tathyoM se hotI hai ki droNAcArya dvArA jo caityavAsI paramparA ke 83 prAcAryoM ko AgamoM kI vAcanAeM pratidina dI jAtI thIM unameM prAcArya abhayadevasUri prAyaH nitya prati upasthita huA karate the aura navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ne jina nau aMgoM para vRttiyoM kI racanAeM kI, unakA saMzodhana caityavAsI paramparA ke pradhAna prAcArya droNAcArya ne kiyaa| abhayadevasUri ke jIvanakAla meM unakI paramparA kA caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra ke saMgharSa ke hone kA ullekha bhI upalabdha jainavAMgmaya meM adyAvadhi kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / isase yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki abhayadevasUri ke jIvana kAla paryanta caityavAsI paramparA aura suvihita paramparA ke nAma se abhihita kI jAne vAlI caityavAsI paramparA ke bIca sauhArdapUrNa vAtAvaraNa rahA / jisa samaya jinavallabhasUri TippaNI A zu. 8 ma.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 jinavallabhasUri [ 257 pATaNa chor3akara vihAra krama se cittaur3a pahu~ce, usa samaya cittaur3a meM bhI caityavAsiyoM kA hI prabhutva evaM prAbalya thA / yahI kAraNa thA ki jinavallabhasUri ko rahane ke liye prArambha meM koI anukUla sthAna na milane ke kAraNa unheM daivI ApadAoM ke sthAna cAmuNDA ke maTha meM nivAsa karanA par3A / kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke etad viSayaka ullekha se spaSTataH yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki abhayadevasUri ke svargastha hone ke lagabhaga eka do dazaka paryanta na kevala gujarAta apitu medapATa Adi aneka sthAnoM para caityavAsiyoM kA pUrNa varcasva, prabhutva va prAbalya thA / 1 abhayadevasUri ke svargastha hone ke kucha hI varSoM pazcAt donoM paramparAoM ke sambandhoM meM tanAva utpanna ho jAne ke saMketa jaina vAMgmaya meM dRSTigocara hote haiM / isakA pramukha kAraNa yahI rahA ki jinavallabhasUri krAntikArI vicAradhArA ke vidvAn upAdhyAya the / ve zIghrAtizIghra caityavAsI paramparA ke zithilAcAra aura caityavAsiyoM dvArA jina zAsana meM praviSTa kI gaI vikRtiyoM ke samUlonmUlana ke lie vyagra ho uThe the / unhoMne anahillapura paTTaraNa meM bhI vidhi caitya ke nAma se aneka caityAlayoM kA nirmANa karavAyA / kintu rAjyAzraya prApta caityavAsI paramparA ne una vidhi caityoM para apanA prabhutva sthApita kara suvihita paramparA ke zabdoM meM unheM pravidhi caitya ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyaa| zrI jinavallabhasUri ke isa prakAra ke krAntikArI prayAsoM ne na kevala caityavAsI paramparA ko hI apitu suvihita paramparA ke jitane bhI karNadhAra AcArya, upAdhyAya athavA vidvAn zramaNa jo ahillapura paTTaNa meM usa samaya vidyamAna the, una saba ko bhI ruSTa kara diyA / jinavallabhasUri ke ina sudhAravAdI prayAsoM se caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM, zramaNoM, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA varga kA ruSTa ho jAnA to sahaja svAbhAvika hI thA kintu suvihita paramparA ke jo prAcArya, upAdhyAya, gariNa, vidvAn zramaraNa Adi jinavallabha gara ke ina kAryoM se ruSTa hue, usake pIche yahI eka kAraNa thA ki suvihita paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha kI yaha dRr3ha dhAraNA thI ki caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha sambandhoM ko bigAr3akara ve kama se kama vizAla gurjara pradeza meM apanA astitva sudRr3ha nahIM rakha sakate / isI kAraNa caityavAsI paramparA ke ruSTa hote hI suvihita paramparA ke karNadhAra bhI jinavallabhasUri se ruSTa hue / kyoMki ve caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha madhura vyavahAra rakhane meM hI apanA bhalA samajhate the / isa prakAra apane pratipakSiyoM aura pakSa vAle samudAya ke ruSTa ho jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa jinavallabhasUri ko anahillapura paTTaraNa chor3ane ke lie vivaza honA par3A aura unhoMne gurjara pradeza se medapATa kI ora vihAra kiyA / kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke nimnalikhita ullekha se isa tathya kI pUrNataH puSTi hotI hai : "tato vAcanAcAryoM jinavallabhagariNa katicit dinAni pattaNabhUmau vihRtya na tAdRzo vizeSeNa bodho vidhAtu kasyApi zakyate, yena sukhamutpadyate
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________________ 258 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 manasi / tatazcAtmatRtIya Agama vidhinA suzakunena bhavyajanamanasi bhagavadbhariNata vidhi dharmotpAdanAya citrakUTa dezAdisu vihRtaH / te ca dezA sarve'pi prAyeNa devagRhanivAsImunIndrAptAH / sarvo'pi tadvAsito lokaH, kiM bahunA / nAnAgrAmeSu vihAraM vidadhaMzcitrakUTe prAptaH / yadyapi tatrAzubhai rbhAvitA lokAstathApyayuktaM kartuM na zaknuvanti, pattane gurUNAM prasiddhi zravaNAt / ' arthAt abhayadevasUri ke svargastha ho jAne ke anantara kucha samaya taka anahillapura paTTaNa meM tathA usake AsapAsa ke kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane ke anantara jinavallabha gariNa ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki vahAM unake upadezoM se koI vizeSa lAbha hotA dRSTigocara nahIM ho rahA hai, na kisI ko apanI vicAradhArA ke anurUpa mor3a dekara antarmana ko prAGgAdita kara dene vAlA kArya hI kiyA jAnA sambhava hai| isa prakAra kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hote hI unhoMne prabhu mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita vidhi mArga ke abhyudayotthAna ke uddezya se zubha muhUrta meM zubha zakuna hone para citrakUTa Adi pradezoM kI ora do aura sAdhuoM ke sAtha vihAra kiyaa| ve sabhI pradeza prAyaH caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke sudRr3ha prabhAva meM the| vahAM ke nivAsiyoM ke mAnasa meM caityavAsI paramparA kI vicAradhArA kUTa-kUTa kara bharI haI thii| aneka grAmoM meM vicaraNa karate hue ve cittaur3a phuNce| yadyapi vahAM ke nivAsiyoM ke antamana meM jinavallabhasUri ke prati azubha bhAvanAeM bharI huI thIM tathApi ve loga unakA kisI bhI prakAra kA aniSTa karane meM sakSama nahIM ho ske| kyoMki ahillapura paTTaNa meM jo unakI prasiddhi huI thI usakI suvAsa usa samaya taka sudUrastha pradezoM meM vyApta ho cukI thii| unhoMne vizrAma ke lie vahAM ke zrAvakoM se AvAsa kI yAcanA kI, kintu una zrAvakoM ne vasati se dUra nirjana ekAnta meM avasthita cAmuNDA maTha kI ora iMgita karate hue kahA-"vaha cAmuNDA kA maTha Apako nivAsa ke lie mila sakatA hai aura koI sthAna Apake lie nahIM hai|" jinavallabhasUri tatkAla tAr3a gaye ki una zrAvakoM ke mana meM unake prati durbhAvanA hai| vahAM kisI prakAra ke daivI upadrava upasthita hone kA inako vizvAsa hai| isI kAraNa unhoMne vaha nirjana ekAnta sthAna hameM rahane ke lie batAyA hai| devaguru prasAda se saba kucha bhalA hI hogA, mana hI mana yaha vicAra kara unhoMne prakaTa meM kahA-"ThIka hai, hama vahIM raha jAyeMge / sAdhanA ke lie to nirjana ekAnta sthAna hI sarvottama hotA hai|" __unhoMne tatkAla parameSThI-mantra kA dhyAna kara cAmuNDA maTha kI ora prayANa kiyA aura vahAM jAkara devI kI anujJA le vizrAma kiyaa| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI ke uparyullikhita uddharaNa se bhI yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki samasta medapATa taka meM vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI pRSTha 10
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinavallabhasUri [ 256 uttarArddha ke lagabhaga DeDha zataka taka caityavAsiyoM kA hI varcasva evaM pUrNa prabhutva thaa| isa tathya kI puSTi jinavallabhasUri ke jIvana-kI isa ghaTanA se hI bhalI-bhAMti ho jAtI hai ki jaba unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke garbhApahAra kA chaThA kalyANaka kisI jinamandira meM manAne kA nizcaya kiyA to cittaur3a ke kisI bhI jinamandira meM unheM praveza taka nahIM karane diyA gyaa| isI kAraNa unheM caubIsa jinezvaroM ke citrapaTa ko eka gRhastha ke ghara meM rakhakara chaThe kalyANaka kA utsava manAnA pdd'aa| tadanantara jaba unhoMne yaha dekhA ki unheM vandana-namana aura unake upAsakoM ko pUjA arcana ke liye cittaur3a meM koI jinamandira upalabdha nahIM hone vAlA hai, kyoMki sabhI jinAlayoM para caityavAsI paramparA kA svAmitva hai to unhoMne upAsanA ke lie abhinava jinamandira ke nirmANa karavAne ke apane zrAvaka zrAvikAoM ke prastAva kA anumodana kiyA aura zIghrAtizIghra jaisA ki pahale Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, do talle bhavana kA nirmANa karavA use do jinamandiroM kA rUpa pradAna kiyA gyaa| ye saba aitihAsika tathya isa bAta ke dyotaka haiM ki abhayadevasUri ke jIvanakAla taka caityavAsI paramparA ke sAtha suvihita paramparA kA jo sadbhAvapUrNa vyavahAra rahA vaha jinavallabhasUri ke sudhAravAdI athavA krAntikArI kAryakalApoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa saMgharSa meM badala gyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke pAsa AgamoM kA adhyayana kara lene ke pazcAt jinavallabhasUri ne dRr3ha saMkalpa kara liyA thA ki ve caityavAsI paramparA dvArA cAroM ora phailAye gaye zithilAcAra ke daladala se saMgha kA uddhAra karake hI vizrAma grahaNa kreNge| apane isa dRr3ha saMkalpa ke anusAra unhoMne caityavAsI paramparA ke samUlonmUlana kA abhiyAna prArambha kiyA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa unheM caityavAsI paramparA aura suvihita donoM hI paramparAoM ke anuyAyiyoM kA kopabhAjana bananA pdd'aa| "adyaiva vA maraNamastu, yugAntare vA / nyAyAt pathaHpravicalanti padaM na dhiiraaH|" isa sUkti ko caritArtha karate hue unhoMne sAhasa nahIM chor3A / gurjara pradeza meM aura mukhyataH anahilapura pattana meM ve apane saMkalpa kA kriyAnvayana nahIM kara sakeMge, yaha vicAra kara jinavallabha gaNi ne gurjara pradeza ko chor3a anya kSetroM ko apanA kAryakSetra bnaayaa| ve jIvana-bhara caityavAsI paramparA se jUjhate rahe aura caityavAsI paramparA ke unmUlana aura vidhi mArga ke abhyutthAna ke liye unhoMne saMghapaTTaka jaisI krAntikArI kRti kI saMracanA kii| saMghapaTTaka kA ghoSa digdiganta meM gUMja utthaa| saMghapaTTaka dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye yuktisaMgata tathyoM se jana-mAnasa jinavallabha kI ora AkarSita huaa| bar3I saMkhyA meM loga unake upAsaka banane lge| sarvaprathama cittaur3a nagara meM aura tadanantara deza ke vibhinna nagaroM meM jinavallabhasUri kI preraNA se vidhi caityoM ke nirmANa prArambha hone lge| una vidhi caityoM meM caityavAsI paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAna, AcAra-vicAra, vyavahAra Adi se nitAnta viparIta nimnalikhita AjJAeM uTaiMkita karavA dI gaI :
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________________ 260 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-4 1. yahAM pAgama ke viruddha koI kArya nahIM kiyA jaayegaa| 2. rAtri meM ina vidhi caityoM meM snAtra kA Ayojana nahIM kiyA jaayegaa| 3. ina vidhi caityoM para kisI bhI sAdhu kA kisI prakAra kA svAmitva nahIM rhegaa| 4. ina vidhi caityoM meM rAtri ke samaya koI strI praveza nahIM kara skegii| / rAtri meM striyoM kA praveza pUrNataH niSiddha rhegaa| 5. ina vidhi caityoM meM jAti, vaMza, kula Adi kA kisI prakAra kA kadAgraha nahIM rhegaa| 6. ina vidhi caityoM meM upAsaka varga tAmbUla carvaNa kabhI nahIM kara skegaa| jinavallabhasUri ke isa prakAra ke sudhAravAdI evaM krAntikArI vicAroM kA janamAnasa para bar3A hI camatkArapUrNa prabhAva huA / deza ke kone-kone meM janamAnasa jinavallabha gariNa kI ora AkRSTa huA aura loga caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara mahAnadI ke vega kI bhAMti vidhi mArga ke anuyAyI banane lge| __ isa prakAra jisa caityavAsI paramparA ke suvizAla, sugaThita evaM zaktizAlI saMgaThana ko mahAn kriyoddhAraka varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya zrI jinezvarasUri ne vikrama samvat 1080 meM jhakajhora DAlA thA, use vikrama samvat 1165 ke Agamana se pUrva hI jinavallabhasUri ne chinna-bhinna, azakta aura niSprabhAvI banA ddaalaa| caityavAsI paramparA ke nirbala aura niSprabhAvI ho jAne se suvihita paramparA kA abhyudaya, uttarottara pragati kI ora agrasara hone lgaa| suvihita paramparA ke andara AmUlacUla parivartanakArI sarvAMgapUrNa kriyoddhAra ke abhAva meM athavA sadbhAva ke uparAnta bhI usake samyag rUpa se kriyAnvayana na hone ke kAraNa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM jo gacchabheda utpanna hue, una gacchabhedoM kI kAlAntara meM eka prakAra kI bAr3ha sI A gii| una saba gacchoM ke tatkAlIna pArasparika vidveSa, kalaha, vaimanasya pUrNa kArya-kalApoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yadi ekamAtra AgamoM ko hI AdhAra evaM sarvopari mAnakara pUrNa kriyoddhAra kiyA jAtA aura usa kriyoddhAra kA AgamoM ke nirdeza ke anusAra akSarazaH anupAlana kiyA jAtA to jinavallabhasUri ke prayAsa sampUrNa janasaMgha ko ekatA ke sUtra meM prAbaddha karane meM sambhavataH saphalakAma ho jAte / para durbhAgya kI bAta yaha rahI ki jinavallabha kI suvihita paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne hI kaTU se kaTatama pAlocanA kI aura unake dvArA SaSTha kalyANaka kI prarUpaNA ne to suvihita paramparA ke anya gacchoM ko itanA adhika uttejita kiyA ki una itara gacchoM ne jinavallabhasUri ko avidhi mArga arthAt Agamika vidhi se viparIta mArga para calane vAle mata kA saMsthApaka taka ghoSita kara diyA /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] janavallabha [ 261 astu, jo bIta gayA usake liye to -- " avazyaM bhAvino bhAvA bhavanti mahatAmapi " athavA "suno bharata ! bhAvI prabala, vilakhi kahe raghunAtha / hAni-lAbha jIvana-maraNa, yaza-apayaza vidhi hAtha" ina sUktiyoM ko sambala banA santoSa karane ke atirikta aura koI upAya hI nahIM hai / ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para niSkarSa yahI nikalatA hai ki jinavallabha sUri apane samaya ke eka mahAn sAhasI, udbhaTa vidvAn aura krAntikArI vicAradhArA ke dhanI the / unhoMne saMdharatha ko gahana paMkila zithilAcAra ke daladala se bAhara nikAlane kA adbhut sAhasapUrNa prayAsa kiyA / ghara aura bAhara ke donoM ora ke virodha ke uparAnta bhI ve caityavAsI paramparA ke bAhya varcasva ko sadA-sadA ke lie samApta karane meM saphalakAma hue / sAhasI dharmapracAraka hone ke sAtha-sAtha jinavallabhasUri eka saphala evaM zreSTha sAhityasarjaka bhI the / unakI nimnalikhita 17 kRtiyAM Aja bhI jaina sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi kara rahI haiM :-- 1. prAgamika vastu vicAra sAra 3. prazna SaSThi zataka 5. gaNadhara sArddha zataka 7. saMgha paTTa 6. dharmopadeza maya dvAdazamUlaka rUpa prakaraNa 11. svapnASTaka vicAra 13. ajita zAnti stavana 15. jina kalyANaka stotra 17. mahAvIra caritra maya vIrastava 2. zRMgAra zataka 4. piMDa vizuddhi prakaraNa 6. pauSadha vividha prakaraNa dharma zikSA 8. 10. praznottara zataka 12. citra kAvya 14. bhavAri-vAraNa stotra 16. jinacaritra maya jina stotra anta meM jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai vikrama samvat 1967 tadanusAra zera nirdhAraNa samvat 1637 kI kArtika kRSNA dvAdazI ke dina tIna dina ke anazana se ina mahApuruSa ne samAdhipUrvaka svargaloka kI ora prayANa kiyA / jinavallabhasUri ke krAntikArI vicAroM kI unake paTTadhara jinadattasUri para aisI amiTa chApa aMkita huI ki ve jIvana bhara apane pUrvAcArya ke padacinhoM para calate hue jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke kArya meM nirata rahe / jaisA ki jinadattasUri ke jIvana vRtta se spaSTataH prakaTa ho jAyegA ki jinavallabha sUri se bhI ati kaThora saMgharSa kA unheM sAmanA karanA par3A, kintu ve tila mAtra bhI apane nirdhArita lakSya se vicalita nahIM hue /
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________________ prAcArya zrI jinadattasUri (dAdA sAhaba) / prAcArya jinadattasUri vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke aise mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiM, jinakI kIrti Aja bhI bhArata ke aneka prAntoM meM sudUra taka vyApta hai| ve bar3e hI nirbhIka, pratyutpannamati aura spaSTavAdI the| unake upadeza bar3e hI mArmika, antastalasparzI hote the| Apane bhArata ke kone-kone meM apratihata vihAra kara na kevala jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke manobala ke sAtha-sAtha naitika evaM sAmAjika dharAtala ko hI samunnata banAyA apitu sahasroM sahasra ajainoM ko zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vizvakalyANakArI upadeza sunA kara unheM jaina dharmAvalambI bhI banAyA / ApazrI ke antaHkaraNa meM jaina dharma ke abhyudaya aura utthAna kI balavatI utkaTa bhAvanAe~ aharniza uttAla taraMgoM kI bhAMti Andolita hotI rahatI thiiN| isa prakAra kI vizvakalyANakAriNI utkaTa bhAvanAoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa ApakI pratyeka icchA virATa prakRti ke liye Adeza tulya bana gaI thI, Apake mukhAravinda se prakaTa huA pratyeka zabda surataru ke samAna tatkAla phalapradAyI siddha hone lgaa| ina sabake pariNAmasvarUpa Apake pratyeka kArya-kalApa ko, ApakI vANI ko jana-jana meM adbhuta camatkAra kI saMjJA dI jAne lgii| mAtA, pitA, jAti aura janma : jinadattasUri ke pitA kA nAma vAcchiga thaa| vAcchiga gujarAta ke pratiSThita evaM rAjamAnya hummar3a kulotpanna zreSThivara the| ApakA mUla nivAsa sthAna. gujarAta kA aitihAsika nagara dhavalakapura (dholakA) thaa| vAcchiga tatkAlIna gujarAta rAjya ke amAtya (maMtrI) the| vAcchiga kI dharma patnI kA nAma thA bAhar3adevI / bAhar3adevI baDI dharmaniSThA evaM patiparAyaNA sannArIratna thii| vi0 saM0 1132 meM maMtrI vAcchiga kI patnI bAhar3adevI ne dhavalakapura meM eka putra-ratna ko janma diyaa| yahI hummar3a kula pradIpa zizu kAlAntara meM jinazAsana prabhAvaka jinadattasUri (dAdA sAhaba) ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa| zikSA yogya vaya meM bAlaka kA suyogya zikSaka ke pAsa adhyayana prArambha karavAyA gyaa| hummar3a kula pradIpa kuzAgrabuddhi bAlaka niSThApUrvaka adhyayana karane lgaa| jinezvarasUri ke ziSya dharmadeva upAdhyAya kI AjJAnuvartinI katipaya viduSI sAdhviyoM ne vi0 saM0 1141 kA varSAvAsa dhavalakapura meM kiyaa| apane putra ke sAtha dharmaniSThA bAhar3adevI una sAdhviyoM ke darzana, upadeza zravaNa, satsaMga va dharma carcA ke
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 . jinadattasUri [ 263 liye pratidina niyamita rUpa se pAtI thii| una sAdhviyoM ne bAhar3adevI ke bAlaka ko pahalI bAra dekhate hI samajha liyA ki Age cala kara yaha bAlaka bar3A hI honahAra hogaa| apane sAmudrika evaM jyotiSa jJAna ke AdhAra para una sAdhviyoM kI jaba yaha dhAraNA bana gaI ki yaha bAlaka bhaviSya meM jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA karegA to unhoMne bar3e sneha se bAhar3adevI ko samajhAnA prArambha kiyA ki yadi unake honahAra putra ko zramaNadharma kI dIkSA dilA dI jAya to yaha jinazAsana kI bahumukhI unnati karane vAlA mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya siddha hogaa| pratidina ke prayAsa se jaba una sAdhviyoM ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki antatogatvA bAhar3adevI apane putra ko dIkSA dilAne ke liye sahamata ho jAyegI, to unhoMne dharmadeva upAdhyAya kI sevA meM yaha saMdeza bhejA-"yahA~ eka suyogya pAtra prApta huA hai, hamArA anumAna hai ki isa supAtra ko dekha kara Apako bhI pramoda hogaa|" __ cAturmAsa kI avadhi parisamApta ho cukI thii| ataH isa samAcAra ke pahuMcate hI zubha zakuna meM dhavalakapura kI ora prasthita ho apratihata vihAra krama se zrI dharmadeva upAdhyAya vahAM phuNce| unhoMne dhavalakapura meM bAhar3adevI ke usa pratibhAzAlI putra ko dekhaa| apanI AzAoM ke zata-pratizata anurUpa usa projasvI bAlaka ko dekha kara dharmadeva upAdhyAya pUrNataH tuSTa hue / vi0 saM0 1141 meM zubha lagna dekha kara dharmadeva upAdhyAya ne 8 varSa kI vaya ke usa bAlaka ko zramaNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna kI aura una navadIkSita muni kA nAma muni somacandra rkhaa| dharmadeva upAdhyAya ne sarvadevagariNa ko navadIkSita muni kA abhibhAvaka banAte hue unheM Adeza diyA ki ve navadIkSita muni kI dinacaryA, dharmacaryA Adi ke sabhI kArya niyamita rUpa se samaya para karavAte rheN| dIkSA grahaNa karane ke dina hI madhyAhnottara kAla meM sarvadevagaNi somacandra muni ko apane sAtha bahirbhUmi le gye| zauca nivRtyartha muni somacandra ko jIvajantu vihIna sthAna kI ora iMgita kara sarvadevagariNa Age kI ora bar3ha gye| bAlasulabha cAMcalya vazAt evaM jIva-ajIva Adi kA bodha na hone ke kAraNa somacandramuni ne pAsa hI ke kheta se cane ke katipaya paudhe jar3a sahita ukhAr3a liye / zauca nivRtti ke pazcAt somacandra ke pAsa lauTa kara sarvadevagariga ne una muni ke pAsa cane ke jar3a se ukhAr3e gaye paudhe dekhe to navadIkSita muni ko zikSA dene ke abhiprAya se bAlaka muni kI mukha vastrikA aura rajoharaNa lete hue kahA-"calA jA apane ghara, muni banane ke anantara bhI kyA koI khetoM ke paudhe ukhAr3atA hai ? kabhI nhiiN|" bAlaka somacandramuni ne tatkSaNa apanA aparAdha svIkAra karate hue kahA"merI mukhavastrikA aura rajoharaNa mujhase mere aparAdha ke daNDa svarUpa Apane le liye,
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________________ 264 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-4 yaha to Apane ucita hI kiyA, kintu mere mastaka para jo coTI thI use mere mastaka para usI rUpa meM yathAvat ugAkara mujhe pradAna kIjiye, jisase ki maiM apane ghara lauTa sakU~ / " muni somacandra kI isa bAta ko sunakara sarvadevagaraNa ke prAzcarya kA pArAvAra na rahA / unhoMne mana hI mana yaha kahate hue ki isakI isa bAta kA koI uttara kisI ke pAsa nahIM hai, somacandramuni ko unake donoM dharmopakaraNa tatkAla lauTA diye aura ve donoM upAzraya meM lauTa Aye / sarvadevagaraNa ne dharmadeva upAdhyAya ko isa ghaTanA kA uparyukta vivaraNa sunAyA / dharmadeva upAdhyAya ko vizvAsa hye gayA ki yaha bAlaka bhaviSya meM jinazAsana kA sakSama prabhAvaka siddha hogA / " dhavalakapura se muni somacandra apane abhibhAvaka guru zrI sarvadevagaraNa ke sAtha vicaraNa karate hue pATaNa prAye / vahAM unake adhyayana kI vyavasthA kI gaI / a bhAvaDAcArya ke pAsa adhyayana karane lage / eka dina adhyayanArtha bhAvar3AcArya kI dharmazAlA kI ora jAte hue muni somacandra se eka uddhata kizora ne pUchA - "o zvetapaTa ! hAtha meM yaha kapalikA kisa liye rakhI hai ?" pratyutpannamati somacandra muni ne tatkAla usa uddhata ko usI kI mudrA meM uttara dete hue kahA - "tumhAre mukha ko vicUriMgata karane aura apane mukha kI zobhA bar3hAne ke liye / " praznakartA hataprabha ho avAk kI bhAMti dekhatA hI raha gayA / 2 bhAvar3AcArya ke pAsa pragAr3ha niSThApUrvaka adhyayana karate hue muni somacandra ne lakSaNa paMjikA Adi aneka viSayoM ke granthoM meM pArINatA prApta kI / bhAvar3AcArya muni somacandra kI kuzAgra pratyutpannamati evaM pratibhA se pUrNataH prabhAvita the / muni somacandra ko apane pAsa Ane vAle sabhI zikSArthI ziSyoM meM sarvazreSTha mAnate aura unheM kastUrI kI upamA se upamita kiyA karate the / caturvidha saMgha ko Azcaryavibhora karate hue muni somaMcandra ne svalpa samaya meM hI vyAkaraNa, chanda zAstra, nyAya, nIti Adi viSayoM meM AdhikArika prakANDa pANDitya prApta kara AgamoM kA adhyayana prArambha kiyA / zrI harisiMhAcArya ne muni somacandra ko yathA krama se sabhI AgamoM kA adhyayana karavAyA / pragAr3ha zraddhAbhakti evaM niSThApUrvaka AgamoM kA tala-sparzI jJAna prApta kara lene ke pazcAt paNDitamuni somacandra vibhinna kSetroM meM apratihata vihAra kara aneka bhavya prANiyoM ko pratibodha dete hue jinazAsana ke 1. 2. 3. 4. zikSAnimittaM rajoharaNaM mukhavastrikA ca gRhItA - "svagRhe gaccha / " ------yuktaM gaNinA kRtaM paraM sA mama mastake coTikAsIt tAM tu dApaya / gurubhizcintitaM bhaviSyati yogya eSaH / kharataragaccha vR0 gurvAvalI pRSTha- 14 kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI pRSTha 14-15 vahI 15 vahI 15 " "3
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri [ 265 .. abhyudaya, abhyutthAnakArI evaM sva-para kalyANakArI kAryoM meM lIna ho gaye / jainadharma ke vizuddha svarUpa ke sAtha-sAtha suvihita paramparA ko prakAza meM lAne ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ve sAtha zrI vardhamAnasUri, zrI jinezvarasUri Adi isa paramparA ke yazasvI prAcAryoM ne caityavAsiyoM ke varcasva kA samUlonmUlana karane vAlI dharma krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA thaa| usa dharma krAnti ke patha para muni somacandra bhI agrasara hote rhe| svalpa samaya meM hI muni somacandra ke guNoM kI saurabha dUra-dUra taka phailane lgii| isase zrI deva bhadrAcArya kA somacandra muni para dharma sneha uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA / daiva durvipAkavazAt vi0 saM0 1167 kI kArtika kRSNA dvAdazI ko rAtri ke aMtima prahara meM abhayadevasUri ke paTTadhara, isa pratApI gaccha ke apane samaya ke mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya zrI jinavallabhasUri ne tIna dina kI saMlekhanA se samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| isa anabhra vajrapAta se caturvidha saMgha ke hRdaya ko gaharA AghAta phuNcaa| devabhadrAcArya ko zrI jinavallabhasUri ke Akasmika svargavAsa se mAnasika saMtApa ne pA gherA / ve vicArane lage ki abhayadevasUri ke paTTa ko vastutaH jinavallabhasUri samIcIna rUpa se samudyotita kara rahe the| para karAla kAla kI kudRSTi ne unheM jaina saMgha se chIna liyaa| unhoMne mana hI mana nizcaya kiyA ki jinavallabhasUri ke paTTa para kisI aise suyogya pAtra ko pratiSThita kiyA jAye jo jinazAsana ko jinavallabhasUri ke samAna udyotita kara ske| hamAre gaccha meM aisA suyogya evaM pratibhAzAlI vidvAn sAdhu kauna hai, jo jinavallabhasUri ke paTTa kI zrIvRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha jina zAsana ke varcasva kI abhivRddhi karane meM sakSama ho--isa viSaya meM cintana karate-karate devabhadrAcArya ke mastiSka meM paMDita muni somacandra kA nAma ubhara aayaa| muni somacandra kI prAthamikatA para mana hI mana vihaMgamAvalokanapUrvaka samIkSA karate hue zrI devabhadrAcArya ne anubhava kiyA ki muni somacandra vastutaH una sabhI guNoM se sampanna haiM jo ki eka prabhAvaka prAcArya meM hone caahiye| vaha vAgmI haiM, vidvAn haiM, nitAnta nirbhIka haiM aura haiM spaSTavAdI / anukUla ho athavA pratikUla-sabhI prakAra kI paristhitiyoM meM saMgha ko Age bar3hAne kI muni somacandra meM adbhuta kSamatA hai| vaha bhavya vyaktitva kA dhanI ojasvI, gahana gambhIra aura pratibhAzAlI hai / usakA hRdaya navanItavat susnigdha sukomala aura manobala vajra se bhI kaThoratama hai| vaha jinavallabhasUri ke paTTadhara pada ke liye sabhI dRSTiyoM se sarvathA yogya hai| devabhadrAcArya ne caturvidha saMgha se maMtraNA ke pazcAt paM0 somacandra ko saMdeza bhejA ki ve sIdhe cittaur3a pahu~ca jAyeM jisase ki unheM jinavallabhasUri ke paTTa para AsIna kiyA jAye / vastutaH jinavallabhasUri kI bhI yahI icchA thii| samaya para ziSya parivAra sahita devabhadrAcArya evaM varddhamAnasUri ke gaccha ke aneka sAdhu aura zrAvaka Adi cittaur3a pahu~ce / caturvidha saMgha meM karNa paramparA se yaha
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________________ 266 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 bAta phaila gaI thI ki kisI suyogya sAdhu ko zrI jinavallabhasUri kA paTTadhara niyukta kiyA jAyegA, ataH paTTAbhiSeka ke avasara para kI jAne yogya sabhI prakAra kI samucita vyavasthA kI gii| eka dina devabhadrAcArya ne paNDita somacandra muni se ekAnta meM kahA"amuka dina Apako jinavallabhasUri ke paTTa para AsIna kiyA jaayegaa|" / paNDita somacandra muni ne uttara diyA-"Apane jo vicAra kiyA hai, ThIka hI hai| kintu isa muharta para yadi mujhe jinavallabhasUri ke paTTa para baiThAyA jAyegA to maiM ciraMjIvI nahIM ho sakU~gA, isa muhUrta ke chaH dina bAda zanivAra ko bar3A hI zubha muhUrta AtA hai / usa mUhUrta meM yadi paTTadhara pada pradAna kiyA jAya to cAroM dizAoM meM mere vicaraNa karane se bhU-maNDala meM dUra-dUra taka hamAre gaccha ke sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA meM abhUtapUrva vRddhi hogii| hamArA caturvidha saMgha bar3A zaktizAlI aura suvizAla ho jaayegaa|" zrI devabhadrasUri ne kahA-"ThIka hai, vaha muhUrta bhI koI dUra nahIM, kevala chaH dina pazcAt hI to hai / to yaha nizcita rahA ki zanizcaravAra ke zubha muhUrta meM hI paTTAbhiSeka kiyA jaayegaa|" muhUrta sambandhI nirNaya ke anantara vi. saM. 1166 kI vaizAkha zuklA 1 zanizcaravAra ke dina zubha muhUrta meM bar3e hI ThATa-bATapUrNa mahotsava ke sAtha muni somacandra ko zrI jinadattasUri dvArA cittaur3a nagara meM pratiSThita mahAvIra caitya meM zrI jinavallabhasUri ke pada para pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| sUri pada para adhiSThita karane ke avasara para paNDita muni somacandra kA nAma zrI 'jinadattasUri' rakhA gyaa| paTTAbhiSeka ke pazcAt zrI jinadattasUri se pravacana dene ke liye nivedana kiyA gyaa| devabhadrAcArya kI abhyarthanA kA samAdara karate hue jinadattasUri ne bhAvapUrNa dezanA dii| apane prAcArya ke mukhAravinda se preraNAspada bhAvapUrNa dezanA sunakara zrotAgaNa maMtramugdha kI bhAMti ghar3I bhara ke lie AdhyAtmika Aloka meM vicaraNa karane lge| pravacana zravaNa ke pazcAt sabhI zrotAoM ne apane-apane aAntarika udgAra abhivyakta karate hue kahA--dhanya haiM devabhadrAcArya, jinhoMne mahAn prabhAvaka jinavallabhasUri kI icchAnusAra unake paTTa para jinadattasUri jaise sarvathA suyogya supAtra ko adhiSThita kiyA hai / jinavallabhagariga ne yahI kahA thA ki mere paTTa para muni somacandra ko biThAnA / Aja Apane unakI icchA ko sAkAra kara diyaa|" eka dina cittaur3a nagara meM hI jinazekhara kI munivrata sambandhinI kisI skhalanA ke aparAdha ko dekhakara devabhadrAcArya ne unheM gaccha se niSkAsita kara diyaa| jinazekhara nagara ke bAhara eka aise sthAna para jAkara baiTha gaye jahAM se jinadattasUri zaucAdi se nivRtti ke liye jaMgala kI ora jAte the| jinadattasUri
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri [ 267 jyoMhI usa sthAna para pahuMce tyoMhI jinazekhara unake caraNoM para gira par3A aura nivedana karane lagA- "sUrivara ! mere isa aparAdha ko kSamA kara deM, bhaviSya meM maiM isa prakAra ke aparAdha kI punarAvRtti kabhI na hone duuNgaa|" kSamA sAgara jinadattasUri ne jinazekhara ko kSamA pradAna kara saMgha meM sammilita kara liyaa| jaba devabhadrAcArya ko sambhavataH jinadattasUri ke mukha se hI yaha vidita huA to unhoMne jinadattasUri se kahA- "yaha jinazekhara Apake liye sukhaprada siddha nahIM hogaa|" jinadattasUri ne kahA-"sUrivara! maiM yaha jAnatA huuN| kintu yaha jinazekhara AcArya zrI jinavallabhasUri kA chAyA kI bhAMti anusaraNa karatA huaA caityavAsa kA parityAga kara AyA thaa| ata: jitane dina apane sAtha calatA hai, utane dinoM taka sAtha nibhaayeN|" tadanantara deva bhadrAcArya zrI jinadattasUri ko yaha parAmarza dekara apane upAzraya kI ora prasthita hue ki kucha samaya taka ve anahillapura paTTaNa ke atirikta anya sthAnoM para yatheccha vicaraNa kreN| vihAra kisa ora kiyA jAya ?-apane antarmana meM uThe isa prazna ke samAdhAna ke liye zrI jinadattasUri ne tIna upavAsa kI tapasyA ke sAtha apane zikSA guru zrI harisiMhasUri kA smaraNa kiyaa| svargastha AcArya ne tele kI tapasyA kI antima rAtri meM prakaTa hokara pUchA-"kaise smaraNa kiyA hai mujhe ?" jinadattasUri ne kahA- 'maiM kahAM vicaraNa karU?" uttara milA-"marusthalI prabhRtiSu dezeSu vihara" arthAt marusthala Adi pradezoM meM vicaraNa kro|" tadanantara jinadattasUri ne cittaur3a se marudharA kI ora vihAra kiyaa| vihArakrama meM jahAM-jahAM jinadattasUri ne padArpaNa kiyA vahA~-vahA~ unake darzana aura pravacana zravaNa se zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ko paramAhlAda kI anubhUti huii| una logoM ne apane-apane parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM ke sAtha jinadattasUri ko vidhivat apanA guru banA yathAzakti vrata pratyAkhyAnAdi grahaNa kara zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke rUpa meM unakA ziSyatva aMgIkAra kiyaa| isa prakAra sthAna-sthAna para jinazAsana kA pracAra karate hue jinadattasUri nAgaura phuNce| yahAM eka aisI ghaTanA huI jisase sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki vastutaH jinadattasUri aparimita Atmabala ke dhanI, sAhasa evaM zaurya ke puja aura paramukhAnapekSI-spaSTavAdI the| nAgaura meM prabhAvazAlI samAjAgraNI dhanadeva nAmaka eka zrAvaka ne jinadattasUri ke sammukha upasthita ho kahA- "mahArAja,
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________________ 268 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-4 yadi Apa mere kahane ke anusAra kArya kareMge to sampUrNa jaina samAja meM pUjanIya bana jaayeNge............|" __zreSThi dhanadeva apanA agalA vAkya prArambha kare, isase pUrva hI jinadattasUri ghanarava gambhIra svara meM bole- "he dhanadeva ! yaha kyA kaha rahe ho? aAgamoM meM to prabhu ne spaSTa kahA hai ki zrAvaka ko guru ke kahe anusAra karanA caahiye| yaha to kisI bhI zAstra meM ullekha nahIM hai ki zrAvaka jisa prakAra kahe, usake kathanAnusAra guru ko kArya karanA caahiye| isake sAtha hI zreSThivara ! Apa kabhI yaha na samajhe ki kevala ziSya-praziSyoM, upAsakoM athavA anuyAyiyoM ke vizAla parivAra ke bala para hI koI vyakti pajya athavA lokamAnya banatA hai, kyoMki Aja sAdhAraNataH yaha pratyakSa hI dRSTigocara hotA hai ki- "sahaiva dazabhiH putraiH bhAraM vahati gardabhIH' arthAt daza putroM kI jananI hote hue bhI gadhI unake sAtha bhAra Dhoye phiratI hai tathA "yena ghanatanaya yuktApi, zUkarI gUthamaznAti / " zrI jinadattasUri kI aTUTa yAtma vizvAsa se prota-prota isa spaSTokti ko sunakara zreSThimukhya dhanadeva avAk ho dekhatA hI raha gyaa| tadanantara zrI jinadattasUri ne nAgaura se ajamera kI ora vihAra kiyaa| ajamera ke samIpa pahuMcane para vahAM ke zrAvakAgraNI prAsadhara, rAsala Adi ne zrAvaka samUha ke sAtha prAcAryazrI kI agavAnI kI aura unheM vasati meM ThaharAyA / , zAha pAsadhara, rAsala Adi zrAvakoM kA ziSTa-maNDala mahArAjA arNorAja ke samakSa upasthita huyaa| unhoMne arNorAja se nivedana kiyA ki unake guru zrI jinadattasUri ajamera nagara meM padhAre haiM / prasanna mudrA meM rAjA ne kahA-"yaha to bar3A kalyANakArI zubha saMvAda hai / yadi koI kArya ho to kaho / apane guru mahArAja ke darzana hameM bhI avazya karAnA / " grAsala Adi thAvakoM ne nivedana kiyA"svAmin ! hameM eka aise vizAla bhUkhaNDa kI AvazyakatA hai, jahAM hama loga mandira, anya dharmasthAna aura pAsa hI cAroM ora apane kuTumbIjanoM ke nivAsa ke lie bhavanoM kA nirmANa karA skeN|" arNorAja ne kahA - "nagara ke dakSiNa digvibhAga meM jo parvata haiM, usake Upara, nIce talahaTI meM bahuta vistRta evaM Apake lie hara dRSTi se upayukta bhUkhaNDa hai, vaha le lo|" mahArAja arNorAja ke prati isake liye aAntarika AbhAra prakaTa karane ke bAda zrAvaka samUha jinadattasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hue aura unheM prorAja se huI sArI bAtoM kA vivaraNa sunaayaa| saba bAteM sunane ke bAda jinadata sUri ne zrAvakoM se kahA-"mahArAja arNorAz2a jaba svayaM yahAM pAne ke lie utsuka haiM to unheM bhI isa avasara para avazya Amantrita karanA cAhiye / unake yahAM Ane meM sabhI bhAMti lAbha hI kI sambhAvanA hai|"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri [ 266 arNorAja ke samakSa upasthita ho pAsadhara, rAsala Adi zrAvakoM ne gurudarzanArtha vasati meM Ane kA unheM nimantraNa diyaa| nizcita samaya para arNorAja zrI jinadattasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hue| tapasteja se daidIpyamAna bAlabrahmacArI sUrivara ke projasvI mukhamaNDala ko dekhate hI arNorAja bar3e prabhAvita hue| narezvara ne munIzvara ko zraddhApUrvaka namaskAra kiyaa| jinadattasUri ne rAjA ko AzIrvAda diyaa| AcAryazrI ke sAtha hue sumadhura zubha pAlApa-saMlApa se arNorAja ne abhUtapUrva Ananda kI anubhUti kii| usane jinadattasUri se prArthanA kI-"mahArAja ! Apa sadA ke lie yahIM virAjamAna rheN|" . jinadattasUri ne sasmitamudrA meM kahA-"rAjan ! hamAre zramaNa jIvana ke vidhi-vidhAna meM niyata-nivAsa ke lie koI sthAna nhiiN| "svAntaH sukhAya samaSTihitAya ca" zramaNoM ko bahate nirbhara kI bhAMti ' sarvatra vicaraNa karate hue sabhI kI jJAna pipAsA ko zAnta karane kA jIvanabhara prayAsa karate rahanA caahiye| vihArakrama se mahImaNDala para vicaraNa karate hue hama samaya-samaya para Apake yahAM bhI Ane kA prayAsa kreNge|" jinadattasUri ke AdhyAtmika proja se prota-prota bhavya vyaktitva aura Rju, paTu, mRdu vAgvaibhava se arNorAja bar3A saMtuSTa huA aura anta meM unheM namaskAra kara rAjaprAsAda kI aora lauTa gyaa| arNorAja ne ajayameru nagara ke jaina samAja ko jina mandira Adi dharma sthAna aura AvAsa ke lie jo vistIrNa bhUkhaNDa pradAna kiyA, vaha Aja bhI lAkhana koTar3I ke nAma se jinadattasUri va arNorAja kI smRti jana-jana ko dilA rahA hai| __tadanantara jinadattasUri ne ajamera se bAgar3a pradeza kI aora vihAra kiyaa| yaha saMvAda bAgar3a pradeza meM vidyata vega se phaila gayA ki jinavallabhasUri ke parama prabhAvaka paTTadhara jinadattasUri jana-jana ko jinavANI kA amRtapAna karAne A rahe haiN| sthAna-sthAna para zraddhAlu bhakta-janoM ke vizAla jana-samUha apane ArAdhya AcAryadeva kI agavAnI ke lie ekatra hue milte| bAgar3a meM jinadattasUri ke upadezoM kA aisA adbhut evaM amiTa prabhAva par3A ki unake upadezoM se prabhAvita ho agaNita logoM ne samyakatva grahaNa kiyA, anekoM ne zrAvaka dharma ke 12 vrata aMgIkAra kiye / vrata-pratyAkhyAna karane vAloM kI to gaNanA karanA hI kaThina ho gayA thaa| kAraNa ki jisa kisI ne bhI jinadattasUri ke pravacanoM ko sunA usane koI na koI vrata athavA pratyAkhyAna grahaNa kiyA hI / bAgar3a vihAra ke prathama caraNa meM hI jinadattasUri ke upadezoM ko sunakara aneka bhavyAtmAoM ko isa saMsAra se virakti ho gii| aneka puruSoM ne jinadattasUri ke pAsa paMca mahAvrata rUpa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| kharataragaccha gurvAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra usa avasara para 52 mahilAe~ zramaNI dharma meM dIkSita huiiN| yahAM
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________________ 270 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga - 4 jinadattasUri ne jinazekhara ko upAdhyAya pada pradAna kara apane vizAla ziSya parivAra meM se katipaya muniyoM ke sAtha unheM rudrapallI jAne kI prAjJA pradAna kI / sabase bar3I mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi bAgar3a-vihAra meM jinadattasUri ko yaha huI ki jayadevAcArya, jinaprabhAcArya, vimalacandragariNa, guNacandragariNa, rAmacandragaraNa aura brahmacandragari nAmaka chaH mahAprabhAvazAlI lokapriya caityavAsI prAcAryoM ne apane vizAla ziSya parivAra ke sAtha jinadattasUri ke upadezoM se prabuddha ho unake pAsa upasampadA aMgIkAra kara suvihita paramparA ke dharma kI dIkSA graharaNa kI / caityavAsI rAmacandra gaNI ke putra sAdhu jIvAnanda ne bhI apane pitA ke sAtha jinadattasUri kI paramparA meM zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kI / jayadatta nAmaka eka prasiddha maMtravAdI caityavAsI sAdhu ne bhI jinadattasUri ke pAsa paMcamahAvratoM kI bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| apane loka vidita prabhAvazAlI prAcAryoM aura sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko jinadattasUri ke pAsa bar3I saMkhyA meM dIkSita hue dekha caityavAsI paramparA ke adhikAMza zrAvaka-zrAvikA samUha jinadattasUri ke upAsaka bana gaye / usI avasara para jina rakSita evaM zIlabhadra nAmaka do bhrAtAoM ne apanI mAtA ke sAtha tathA sthiracandra evaM varadatta nAmaka do bhAiyoM ne bhI jinadattasUri ke pAsa bhAgavatI dIkSA aMgIkAra kI / isa prakAra bAgar3a pradeza meM jinadattasUri ke vihAra evaM unake prabhAvakArI upadezoM tathA camatkAroM kA pariNAma yaha huA ki caityavAsI AcAryoM evaM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM caityavAsI zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM dvArA jinadattasUri ko apanA guru banA lene tathA bhavyAtmA yuvaka-yuvatiyoM ke zramaNa-zramaNI dharma meM dIkSita ho jAne jinadattasUra kA kharataragaccha eka zaktizAlI gaccha ke rUpa meM ubhara kara jana-jana ke lie AkarSaNa kendra kA bindu bana gayA / apane vizAla navadIkSita zramaraNa-zramaNI parivAra meM se viziSTa pratibhAzAlI zikSArthI jinarakSita, sthiracandra zrAdi aneka zramaNoM aura zrImatI, jinamatI evaM pUrNazrI prabhRti aneka sAdhviyoM ko jinadattasUri ne Agama Adi vidyAoM ke adhyayana hetu dhArA nagarI bhejA aura svayaM ne apane vizAla santa satI parivAra ke sAtha rudrapallI kI ora vihAra kiyA / mArga ke eka gAMva meM vyaMtarabAdhA se pIr3ita eka zrAvaka ko usa bAdhA se mukta karane evaM dharmaniSTha bhaktoM ke kalyANArtha jinadattasUri ne "gaNadhara sattarI" nAmaka mantra garbhita grantha kI racanA kI / usa graMtha ko hAtha meM rakhane se usa zrAvaka kI vyantarabAdhA sadA ke lie dUra ho gaI / isa camatkAra se jinadattasUri kI kIrti dUra-dUra taka phaila gaI / rudrapallI ke nikaTa pahuMcane para zrAvakoM ke vizAla parivAra ke sAtha jinazekhara upAdhyAya ne zrI jinadattasUri kI agavAnI kI aura unheM bar3e harSollAsa ke sAtha nagara praveza krvaayaa| jinadattasUri ke upadezoM se rudrapallI meM 120 prajaina
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri [ 271 parivAroM ne jaina dharma aMgIkAra kara kharataragaccha kI zrIvRddhi kii| yahA~ devapAla Adi zrAvakoM ne jinadattasUri ke pAsa zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| tadanantara vihArakrama se jinadattasUri vyAghrapura meM aaye| vahAM jayadevAcArya ko, jinhoMne apane ziSya parivAra sahita caityavAsa kA parityAga kara jinadattasUri ke pAsa upasampadA grahaNa kI thI, rudrapallI aura usake pAsa-par3osa ke kSetra meM hI vicaraNa karate rahane aura jinazAsana kA pracAra-prasAra karane kA Adeza diyA / vyAghrapura meM katipaya dinoM taka rahakara jinadattasUri ne zrI jinavallabhasUri dvArA prarUpita caityagRha-vidhi para "caccarI" (carcarI) nAmaka grantha kI racanA kara eka TippaNaka para likhavAyA aura vaha caccarI TippaNaka unhoMne Asala pramukha zrAvakoM ko caityagRha vidhi sambandhI kharataragaccha kI mAnyatAoM kA parijJAna karAne ke lie bhejaa| jisa samaya jinadattasUri ke pramukha zrAvaka pauSadhazAlA meM ekatrita ho caccarI TippaNaka ko baste meM se bAhara nikAla rahe the, usa samaya devadhara nAmaka eka uddhata yuvaka ne jhapaTakara vaha TippaNaka zrAvakoM se chIna liyA aura yaha kahate hue ki yaha caccarI TippaNaka nahIM, kaccarI TippaNaka hai, usa caccarI TippaNaka ko phAr3a diyaa| zrAvakoM ne devadhara ke pitA ko usakI uddaNDatA ko bAta sunaaii| usane kSamAyAcanA karate hue kahA ki devadhara vastutaH bar3A hI uddhata, uddaNDa aura madonmatta hai / tathApi maiM use samajhAUMgA ki vaha bhaviSya meM isa prakAra kI ucchRkhalatA na dikhaaye| zrAvakoM ne jinadattasUri kI sevA meM sUcanA bhejI ki "caccarI TippaNaka" hamAre pAsa pahu~ca gayA thA, para usako hama par3heM, isase pahale ho devadhara ne use phAr3a ddaalaa| jinadattasUrine "caccarI TippaNaka" kI dUsarI prati taiyAra karavA kara Asala Adi zrAvakoM ke pAsa bhijavAI aura unheM nirdeza diyA ki devadhara ko bhalA burA kucha bhI na kahA jAya / use zIghra hI satpatha kI pratIti ho jAyegI aura vaha gaccha kI unnati meM sahAyaka siddha hogaa| "caccarI TippaNaka" kI dUsarI prati pahu~cate hI unhoMne use pddh'aa| isase zrAvakoM kI aneka zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna huaa| devadhara ko jaba yaha jJAta huA ki "caccarI TippaNaka" kI eka prati usane phAr3a dI thI parantu aba usakI dUsarI prati AI hai, to use yaha anubhava huA ki "caccarI TippaNaka" vastutaH koI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / ataH use avazyameva par3hanA caahiye| isa prakAra nizcaya kara devadhara apane ghara kI chata se pauSadha zAlA meM praviSTa huA aura usane caccarI TippaNaka ko bar3I utsukatA ke sAtha par3hanA prArambha kiyaa|
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________________ 272 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-4 use vaha graMtha bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa va rocaka lagA / jyoM-jyoM vaha caccarI TippaNaka ko par3hatA gayA tyoM-tyoM usakI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna hotA gyaa| AdyopAnta par3ha lene ke pazcAt usake mana meM kevala do zaMkAe~ hI avaziSTa raha gaIM, pahalI to anAyatana bimba sambandhI aura dUsarI strI dvArA jina pUjA na karane sambandhI / - bAgar3a pradeza meM vihAra karate samaya zrI jinadattasUri ne una sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko apane pAsa bulA liyA, jinheM ki ujjaina adhyayanArtha bhejA thaa| una sabako aura apane anya sAdhu sAdhviyoM ko zrI jinadattasUri ne zAstroM kI vAcanAe~ pradAna kii| isa samaya taka kharataragaccha kA zramaNa-zramaNI samUha paryAptarUpeNa vizAla ho gayA thA / anuzAsana, adhyayana, adhyApana, vibhinna kSetroM meM dharma pracAra, jJAna, darzana, cAritra kI samIcIna rUpa se ArAdhanA-paripAlanA Adi sabhI tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate . hue jinadattasUri ne apane hasta-dIkSita ziSya jIvadeva ko AcArya pada pradAna kiyA / apane zikSA guru harisiMhAcArya evaM municandra upAdhyAya ke jayasiMha nAmaka ziSya ko bhI prAcArya pada pradAna kara unheM cittaur3a kSetra meM vicaraNa evaM dharmapracAra karate rahane kA Adeza diyaa| jayasiMhAcArya ke ziSya jayacandra ko bhI Apane AcAryapada pradAna kara pattana meM dharma pracAra ke lie niyata kiyA / isa prakAra tIna vidvAn muniyoM ko sUripada pradAna karane ke sAtha-sAtha jinacandragaNi, zIlabhadragaNi Adi 10 vidvAn ziSyoM ko Apane vAcanAcArya pada, zrImatI, jinamatI, pUrNazrI, jinazrI aura jJAnazrI, ina pAMca viduSI sAdhviyoM ko mahattarA pada evaM jIvAnaMda nAmaka apane vidvAn ziSya ko upAdhyAya pada pradAna kiyaa| apane ina saba padAdhikAriyoM ko unake kartavyoM aura vihAra kSetroM ke sambandha meM Avazyaka nirdeza dekara unheM una nirdiSTa kSetroM kI ora vihAra karane kA Adeza de svayaM jinadattasUri ne ajamera kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| ajamera pahuMcane para zrAvakoM ne bar3e ThATa aura utsava ke sAtha ApakA nagara praveza krvaayaa| jinadattasUri ke pahalI bAra ajamera nagara meM Agamana ke avasara paramahArAjA arNorAja ne ajamera ke dakSiNa digvibhAga meM parvata kI talahaTI se lekara parvata kI coTI taka jo vizAla bhU-bhAga jaina samAja ko pradAna kiyA thA, vahAM zrAvaka varga ne jina mandiroM, ambikA ke sthAna Adi kA nirmANa jinadattasUri ke punaH padArpaNa se pUrva hI sampanna karavA liyA thaa| jinadattasUri ne zubha muhUrta meM una mandiroM ke mUla niveza meM vAsakSepa kiyaa| ajamera ke samAjAgraNI pramukha zrAvaka prAsala ne jaina saMgha ke bhAvI abhyudaya hetu apanA 7 varSa kA alpavayaska putra zrI jinadattasUri ko samarpita kiyaa| vi0 saM0 1203 kI phAlguna zuklA 8 ke dina zrI jinadattasUri ne pAsala ke putra ko ajamera meM zramaNadharma kI dIkSA dI aura usakA nAma jinacandra rkhaa| vi0 saM0 1205 kI vaizAkha zuklA 6 ke dina vikramapura meM jinadattasUri ne 6 varSa kI vaya meM hI honahAra jAnakara apane ziSya jinacandra ko .
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri. [ 273 AcAryapada pradAna kara apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyaa| vahI AcArya muni jinacandra Age calakara maNidhArI prAcArya jinacandrasUri ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| una dinoM jinamandiroM ke Ayatana (vidhi caitya) athavA anAyatana (avidhi caitya) kA vivAda yatra tatra sarvatra bar3e ugra rUpa se cala rahA thaa| jinadattasUri ke "caccarI TipparaNaka' ke punaHpunaH adhyayana-cintana-manana se zAha saNhiyA ke putra devadhara ne pAyatana anAyatana ke sambandha meM paryApta parijJAna prApta kara liyA thaa| devadhara thA to caityavAsI paramparA kA upAsaka kintu jinadattasUri ke "caccarITippaNaka" kA usake mAnasa para bar3A prabhAva par3A aura usakA jhukAva kharataragaccha kI ora bar3hane lgaa| apane antarmana meM uThI Ayatana-anAyatana viSayaka halacala ko sadA ke liye samApta kara dene kA usane dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA aura vaha usa samaya ke ati prabhAvazAlI apane guru caitya vAsI AcArya devAcArya ke pAsa apane nagara ke gaNyamAnya zrAvakoM ke sAtha vikramapura se prasthita ho nAgaura phuNcaa| dazAbdiyoM se jaina samAja para ekAdhipatya jamAye calI A rahI caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva kA samRlonmUlana karane ke abhiyAna meM zrI varddhamAnasari kI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne apanI kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se kisa-kisa prakAra kI sIdhIsAdI sarala aura sarvajana grAhya akATya yuktiyoM kA AviSkAra kiyA, kisa-kisa prakAra kI praNAliyA~ pracalita kI, sarvasAdhAraNa meM kisa prakAra ke vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA, ina saba tathyoM para caityavAso prAcArya devAcArya aura unake sajaga zrAvaka devadhara ke bIca huaA saMvAda vizada prakAza DAlatA hai| ataH sahRdaya pAThakoM ke lAbha ke liye usa choTe se paramopayogI praznottarAtmaka saMvAda ko yahAM yathAvat rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : "digdiganta se khyAti prApta devAcArya nAgaura nagarastha apane caitya meM nivAsa karate the| prasiddha zrAvaka devadhara bhI katipaya zrAvakoM ke sAtha vahAM phuNcaa| usa samaya vyAkhyAna kA samaya ho gayA thA ataH caityavAsI AcArya devAcArya vyAkhyAna dene ke lie apane caitya ke vyAkhyAna sthala meM paTTa para AsIna hue| devadhara bhI apane sAthI zrAvakoM ke sAtha hAtha-paira dhokara maNDUpa se mukhazuddhi kara caitya meM praviSTa hA / devadhara ne devAcArya ko vaMdana kiyA / devAcArya ne usake kuzala maMgala kI pRcchA kii| devadhara ne binA koI bhUmikA bA~dhe devAcArya se sIdhA yahI prazna kiyA :"bhagavan ! jinaprabhu ke mandira meM rAtri ke samaya striyoM kA AvAgamana calatA rahatA hai, use kisa prakAra caitya kahA jAtA hai ?" isa prazna ke sunate hI devAcArya samajha gaye ki nizcaya hI isake zravaNapuToM meM jinadattAcArya kA guru maMtra praviSTa ho cukA hai| isI kAraNa yaha jinadattasUri
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________________ 274 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 se pUrNataH prabhAvita dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| isa prakAra vicAra kara devAcArya ne devadhara ke prazna ke uttara meM kahA :-"zrAvaka ! vastutaH rAtri ke samaya caityoM meM striyoM kA AnA jAnA, nRtya-gAna Adi ucita nahIM hai / " / devadhara ne punaH prazna kiyA-"yadi vAstavikatA yaha hai to rAtri ke samaya caityoM meM striyoM ke gamanAgamana Adi ko rokA kyoM nahIM jAtA ?" devAcArya ne avazatA prakaTa karate hue uttara diyA- "Agantuka lAkhoM kI . * saMkhyA meM haiM, kisa-kisa ko rokA jaay|" isa para zrAvaka devadhara ne Azcarya evaM Akroza mizrita mudrA meM kahA"bhagavan ! Apa yaha nirNAyaka rUpa meM spaSTa batAiye ki jisa jina-caitya meM jinendra prabhu kI AjJA nahIM calatI aura jahAM loga jinezvara kI AjJA kI avahelanA karate hue niraMkuza vyavahAra karate haiM, use jinagRha kahA jAya athavA janagRha kahA jAya ? devAcArya ne praznabhita mudrA meM uttara diyA-"jahAM sAkSAt jinezvara bhagavAn virAjamAna dRSTigocara hote haiM, use jina mandira kaise nahIM kahA jAya ?" devadhara ne dRr3ha svara meM kahA-"bhagavan ! hama kisI kI dRSTi meM bhale hI mUrkha hoM para itanA to hama bhI jAnate haiM ki jisa ghara meM jisakI AjJA nahIM calatI, vaha ghara usakA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki Apa yaha saba jAnate hue bhI isa jinAjJA-viruddha pravAha ko roka nahIM rahe haiN| rokanA to dUra, ulTe prakArAMtara se Apa isa prakAra ke asaMgata evaM anucita pravAha kI, isake pracalana kI puSTi kara rahe haiM / isIliye maiM Apako vaMdanapUrvaka yaha sUcita kara detA hUM ki jahAM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn kI AjJA calatI ho-arthAt jahAM zAstra sammata pracalana ho, vahI mArga mujhe apanAnA cAhiye / " yaha kahakara devadhara apane sAthI zrAvakoM ke sAtha uThA aura apane sAtha vikramapura se Aye hue zrAvakoM ke sAtha zrI jinadattasUri ke pAsa ajamera kI ora prasthita huaa| kitane saMkSepa meM sarala aura suyauktika rIti se Ayatana evaM anAyatana kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra ke upadezoM, isa prakAra kI sarala evaM janamAnasa ko.Andolita kara dene vAlI apanI kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se kharataragaccha ke prAcAryoM ne jaina saMgha ko sajaga kiyA / pariNAma svarUpa caityavAsI paramparA ke upAsaka bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara suvihita paramparA ke upAsaka banane lge| isa prakAra caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva ko samApta karane meM caityavAsI prAcAryoM, sAdhuoM aura upAsaka-upAsikA ke bahuta bar3e varga ko apanA anuyAyI evaM ananya upAsaka banA kara caityavAsa ko kramazaH kSINa se kSINatara aura nirbala banAne meM jinadattasUri kA atyadhika mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 jinadattasUri [ 275 yaha Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki jinadattasUri kA samaya tathA unake pUrva kA samaya carcA kA yuga thA / zrAyatana-granAyatana viSayaka carcAyoM ke avasara para prAya: pArasparika kaTutA ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara letI thI / dUradarzI zrI jinadattasUri ne isa viSaya meM zrI jinavallabhasUri ke caraNa cihnoM kA anusaraNa kiyA / unhoMne caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha pratyakSataH isa prakAra kI carcAoM meM ulajhane kI apekSA jana-jana ko etadviSayaka vAstavika jJAna karAne vAle bodhaprada laghu granthoM kI racanA karanA sabhI bhAMti zreyaskara samajhA / uparilikhita devadhara aura caityavAsI devAcArya ke sambhASaNa se spaSTa hai ki jinadattasUri kA isa prakAra kA vAGmaya caityavAsI paramparA ke unmUlana aura suvihita paramparA ke punaH pratiSThApana meM bar3A hI kAragara - lAbhaprada evaM tatkAla phalapradAyI siddha huA / caityavAsI paramparA kI prAdhArazilA ko jhakajhora kara apanI jina racanAoM ke mAdhyama se jinadattasUri ne suvihita paramparA kI cira sthAyI sevA kI ve katipaya racanAeM isa prakAra haiM padezika evaM prAcAra viSayaka racanAeM 1. saMdeha dohAvalI 2. caccarI 3. utsUtra padopaghATana kulaka 4. caityavaMdana kulaka 5. upadeza dharma rasAyana 6. upadeza kulaka 9. kAla svarUpa kulaka 8. gaNadhara sArddha zataka 6. garagahara saptatikA 10. sarvAdhiSThAyI stotra 11. guru pAratantrya stotra 12. vighna vinAzI stotra : 13. zrutastava 14. ajita zAnti stotra 15. pArzvanAtha mantragarbhita stotra 16. mahAprabhAvaka stotra prAkRta apabhraza prAkRta 33 apabhraMza prAkRta apabhraza stutiparaka racanAeM prAkRta 11 " 37 11 33 33 " 12 . gadya 31 "" 11 " " gadya " 33 "" "" 77 77 23 " "1 150 47 30 28 80 34 32 150 26 26 21 28 x8 14 27 15. 37 3
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________________ 276 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 saMskRta zloka 10 17. cakrezvarI stotra 18. sarva jina stuti 16. vIra stuti 20. yoginI stotra prakIrNaka racanAeM 21. avasthA kulaka 22. vizikA 23. pada vyavasthA 24. zAntiparva vidhi 25. vADI kulaka 26. pArAtrika vRttAni 27. adhyAtma gItAni' jinadattasUri kI racanAoM se jaina samAja meM eka abhinava jAgaraNa ko amiTa lahara taraMgita ho uThI, jisakA dUragAmI evaM cirasthAyI pariNAma yaha huA ki zatAbdiyoM se caityavAsI paramparA kI aora baha rahe loka pravAha ne sahasA suvihita paramparA kI ora mor3a le liyaa| jinadattasUri kA saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza Adi bhASAoM para pUrNa adhikAra evaM adbhuta abhivyaMjanA zakti hone ke sAtha-sAtha ina sabhI bhASAoM meM inakI abhivyaMjanA zakti evaM zailI bar3I hI camatkArapUrNa thii| upari variNata apanI racanAmoM meM Apake dvArA prayukta eka-eka zabda apane Apa meM athAha bhAvoM ke artha sAgara ko sameTe hue gAgara ke samAna hai| apabhraMza bhASA meM Apake dvArA kI gaI racanAeM na kevala viSaya kI dRSTi se apitu tatkAlIna sAhitya evaM bhASA vijJAna ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI vastutaH mahattvapUrNa haiN| apabhraMza bhASA kI ApakI racanAoM meM hindI bhASA ke udbhava ke kramika vikAsa evaM bhASA vijJAna se sambandhita adhyayanIya pracura sAmagrI bharI par3I hai| AvazyakatA hai, isa dizA meM gahana zodha kii| __ camatkArika mahApuruSa kharataragaccha ke unnAyaka dAdA jinadattasUri ke jIvana kA bahuta bar3A bhAga camatkAroM se paripUrNa hai| unake camatkAroM ke AzcaryakArI pAkhyAna Aja bhI deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM jana-jana meM lokapriya haiN| karNa-vedha se pUrva kI bAlya vaya meM Apane ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina paMcamahAvratoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| jIvana-paryanta isI utkaTa bhAvanA ke sAtha jaina dharma 1. kharataragaccha gurvAvalI, pRSTha 16, pairA 37
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri [ 277 ke pracAra-prasAra meM aharniza saMlagna rahe--'maiM saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI ko jinazAsana ke prati pragAr3ha ruci rakhane vAlA, rasa lene vAlA banA duuN|" isa prakAra kI ucca bhAvanA, tyAga, tapa, saMyama evaM akhaNDa brahmacarya ke pratApa se jinadattasUri ko dussAdhya se dussAdhya asAdhya kahe jAne vAle kAryoM ko susAdhya banA dene kI adabhata icchAzakti va Atmazakti prApta ho gaI thI aura loka meM ise camatkAra kI saMjJA dI jAne lgii| suvihita paramparA ke prati pragAr3ha zatrutA rakhane vAlI caityavAsI paramparA ke mahA prabhAvazAlI prAcArya apane ziSya parivAra sahita jinadattasUri kI sevA meM upasthita ho yaha kahate hue-"hameM guru mile to bhava bhavAntaroM meM jinaMdattasUri hI mileM" jinadattasUri ke ziSya bana gaye-yaha koI mantra kA camatkAra nahIM, jinadattasUri kI "sabhI jova karuM jinazAsana rasI" isa utkaTa bhAvanA kA camatkAra thaa| jinadattasUri ke mahAn kAryoM ne unakI kIrti ko amara banA diyA / Aja deza ke vibhinna prAntoM ke nagara-nagara meM dAdAvAr3iyAM, dAdAvAr3iyoM ke mandiroM meM unakI caraNapAdukAeM pratyeka zraddhAlu jaina athavA ajaina ko mUka preraNA de rahI haiM ki tuma bhI tyAga tapa aura aharniza utkaTa vizuddha bhAvanA se jinazAsana kI sevA kara pUjanIya bana sakate ho| gaccha vyAmohajanya vidvaSa kA tANDava : yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki ADambara pradhAna dravyArcanA (dravya pUjA) aura apanI zithilAcAronmukhI samAcArI, AcAra sambandhI rIti-nItiyoM, vidhiyoM, vidhAnoM ke mAdhyama se caityavAsiyoM dvArA vikRta kiye gaye, AmUla-cUla parivartita kiye gaye jaina dharma ke mUla vizuddha prAgamika svarUpa kI punaH pratiSThApanA kI dizA meM varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA ke jinezvarasUri, jinacandrasUri, abhayadevasUri, jinavallabhasUri aura jinadattasUri Adi prAcAryoM ne jo bhagIratha prayAsa kiye, ve jaina itihAsa meM sadA-sarvadA ke lie bar3e sammAna ke sAtha svarNAkSaroM meM likhe jAte rheNge| yaha to eka nirvivAda satya tathya hai ki varddhamAnasUri, unake ziSya jinezvarasUri, buddhisAgarasUri Adi ne jaina dharma ke AgamAnusArI vizuddha svarUpa ko jaina jagat ke samakSa ujAgara karane ke ekamAtra uddezya se jana-jana ke mana aura mastiSka para chAI huI caityavAsI paramparA ke viruddha abhiyAna prArambha kara usake varcasva ko samApta na kiyA hotA to Aja ke yuga meM jaina dharma ke prAgamika svarUpa ke darzana taka durlabha ho jAte / Aja AryadharA ke vibhinna pradezoM, kSetroM, grAmoM aura nagaroM meM zAstrasammata zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue, jaina dharma ke Agama praNIta AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA pracAra-prasAra karane vAle sAdhu sAdhviyoM ke jo saMghATaka vicaraNa kara rahe haiM, yaha vastutaH mukhya rUpeNa varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA ke jinezvarasUri Adi prAcAryoM dvArA jaina jagat para kiye gaye asIma upakAra kA hI pratiphala hai|
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________________ 278 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 isa prakAra kI vastusthiti ke hote hue bhI sAmpradAyika vidveSa ke vazIbhUta ho katipaya madhyayugIna vidvAn zramaraNoM ne apane gaccha ko hI satya aura sava anya gacchoM ko, unakI rIti-nItiyoM ko asatya siddha karane ke prayAsa meM paraspara eka dUsare gaccha para, usake prAcAryoM para na kevala kIcar3a uchAlanA hI prArambha kiyA grapitu digambara pauNimIyaka, kharatara, AMcalika sArddhapauNimIyaka, Agamika ( tristutika), loMkA, grAmatI, bIjAmatI aura pAzacandra gaccha -- ina dazoM hI grAmnAyoM, sampradAyoM athavA gacchoM ko kupAkSika, utsUtrabhASI, kutsita, tIrthanindya, grabhiniveza mithyAtvI, tIrthaMkaramUlaka, tIrthAbhAsa, ullU, auSTrika ( jinadattaH ) granantasaMsArI aura tIrthabAhya prAdi yadi kutsita sambodhanoM se saMbodhita kiyA / upAdhyAya pada ko suzobhita karane vAle eka vidvAn muni ne to prazobhanIyatA kI parAkASThA ko pAra karate hue zrI jinadattasUri evaM sampUrNa kharataragaccha ke liye likha diyA - "pratizayena kharaH kharatara - iti vyutpatyA mahAn gardabha:, ugrataro vA bhApyate / " arthAt kharatara zabda kA artha hai sabase bar3A gadhA athavA pratyanta ugra svabhAva vAlA / dUsaroM ke mukha para kAlikha potane ke prayAsa meM isa prakAra kI prasAdhu yogya apazabda bharI asabhya bhASA ke prayogoM ko dekha kara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki - "sacce haiM to kevala hama hI, zeSa jagat saba jhUThA / " isa vyAmoha meM vimugdha bane apane samaya ke ucca koTi ke vidvAn mAne gaye muniyoM kI lekhanI bhI unmatta ho binA nakela ke UMTa kI bhAMti Ubar3a-khAbar3a meM uchala phAMda karatI huI yatheccha daur3I hai, khUba khulakara ucchRMkhala gati se calI hai / yaha prakRti kA aTala niyama hai ki pratyeka bhale-bure kAma kI bhalI burI prakriyA anivArya rUpeNa hotI hai| kisI bhI gaganacumvI girirAja kI upatyakA athavA guphA ke pAsa jAkara koI pukAre - "Apa mahAn ho / " pratikriyA svarUpa usa taraha pukArane vAle ke karNarandhroM meM guphA se vaisI hI pratidhvani guMjarita ho uThegI - "Apa mahAn ho / " yadi koI vyakti guphA dvAra para khar3A ho pukAratA hai - "tU ullU hai - gadhA bhI / " to giri guhA se usa vyakti ke karNarandhroM meM vahI zabda gUMja uTheMge-"tU ullU hai, gadhA bhI / " ThIka isI prakAra gaccha- vyAmohAbhibhUta jisa gaccha ke vidvAn ne dUsare gacchoM para apazabdoM kI varSA kI, unameM se kisI bhI gaccha ke lekhaka ne usa zrAkrAmaka gaccha kI chavi bigAr3ane ke prayAsa meM kisI bhI prakAra kI korakasara nahIM chor3I / etadviSayaka agralikhita zlokoM se spaSTataH usa samaya ke sAmpradAyika vyAmohapUrNa vidveSa kA tANDava pratyakSavat dRSTigocara ho jAtA hai : pravacana parIkSA, bhAga 1, pRSTha 5, 6, 19, 56 Adi / 1. 1. pravacana parIkSA, bhAga 1, pRSTha 286
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________________ [ 276 sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri bAhya kriyA darzanena, mohayanto jagajjanam / tapobhUtA aTantIti, tapoTAH parikIrtitAH // 1 // tapoTAnAM mataM caiva mudgalAnAM mataM tathA / zAkinInAM mataM caiva, prAyastulyAni vakSyate / / 2 / / saMkliSTapariNAmitvAt tulyametanmatatrayam / / tasmAd dUrataraM tyAjyaM, bhAvazuddhimabhIpsatA / / 3 / / ayuktamuktamathavA, mithyAduSkRtamastu naH / zAkinI mudgalebhyo'pi, yattapoTA durAzayAH / / 4 / / zAkinI mudgalAttAnAM, dRzyate'dyApyupakramaH / tapoTenArditAnAM tu, cikitsAsyAddarA bhRzam / / 5 / / hinasti janmanyekatra, zAkinI-mudgalagrahaH / / tapoTa kugrahastveSa, praNihanti bhave-bhave / / 6 / / viparyastadhiyaH krUrAH, paraddhimasahiSNavaH / guru lAghava vijJAnavandhyAH zAsananindinaH / / 7 / / jJAnamuSNapayaH pAnaM, darzanaM mukhamudraNam / cAritraM tarkayAmyeSAM, kevalaM maladhAraNam / / 8 / / varNAntarAdi prAptaM sat, prAzukaM ca zrute smRtam / nyavAri ziziraMvAri, tadapi neti gahinAm / / 6 / / apkAyamAtrahiMsotthaM, nirasya prAzukodakam / prArUpi gRhiNAmuSNaM, vAH SaTkAyApamardadjam // 2 // ' . arthAt tapa ke sAkSAt avatAra kA svAMga banAye kevala bAhya (dikhAvaTI) sAdhu AcAra se logoM ko sammohita karate hue idhara-udhara vicaraNa karane vAle tapoTa arthAt tapAgacchIya kahe gaye haiN| ___ina tapAgacchIyoM kA mata, mlecchoM kA mata, aura zAkiniyoM (DAkinI kI bhAMti hIna jAti kI pizAcinI) kA mata-ye tInoM mata prAyaH eka dUsare se milatejulate hI kahe gaye haiN| durbhAvanAoM se ota-prota bure pariNAmoM ke kAraNa ye tInoM mata paraspara milate-julate hI haiN| isaliye bhAvazuddhi ke icchuka pratyeka vyakti ko cAhiye ki vaha tapAgaccha se sadA dUra hI rahe / tapAgaNadUSaNa zataka "tapomata kuTTaNa" (tugalaka mohammadazAha pratibodhaka, vidhimArga prapA, vividhatIrtha kalpa prAdi granthoM ke vi0 saM0 1363, vi0 saM0 1386 meM racayitA vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI ke zrI jinaprabhusUri dvArA vircit)|
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________________ 280 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 yadi hamAre kathana meM kiMcit mAtra bhI pratizayokti athavA anaucitya ho to hama pahale hI micchA me dukkar3a ( mithyA bhavatu duSkRtam ) kaha dete haiM ki vastutaH zAkiniyoM aura mudgaloM kI apekSA tapoTA ( tapAgaccha vAle ) adhika duSTa haiM kyoMki zAkiniyoM evaM mudgaloM dvArA khAye hue logoM kA upacAra ho sakatA hai parantu jina logoM ko tapAgaccha vAloM ne khA liyA unakA to upacAra sunizcita rUpeNa asaMbhava hI hai / zAkiniyAM evaM mudgala to eka prAraNI ko eka bhava meM hI mArate haiM kintu tapAgaccha eka aisA krUra graha hai jo ananta kAla taka bhava-bhavAntaroM meM bhI prANiyoM ke jIvana ko naSTa karatA rahatA hai / ye tapAgaccha vAle ulTI khopar3I, ulTI buddhi vAle, krUra, dUsaroM kI samRddhi, abhyunnati ko dekhakara jalane vAle choTe bar3e kI pahacAna ke jJAna se nitAnta zUnya aura jinezvara prabhu ke dharmazAsana ke nindaka haiM / mujhe to ina tapAgacchayoM kA jJAna kevala garma pAnI pIne taka, darzana kevala mukha phulAye rahane taka aura caritra apane zarIra ( evaM vastroM) para mala ( maila) dhAraNa kiye rahane taka hI sImita pratIta hotA hai | zAstroM meM varNAntara Adi ko prApta jisa zItala jala ko muniyoM taka ke liye prAzuka arthAt grAhya evaM pIne yogya batAyA gayA hai, usakA ina tapAgacchiyoM ne na kevala sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke liye hI apitu zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM taka ke liye bhI pIne kA varjana kiyA hai / ekamAtra akAya ( jalagata ) jIvoM kI hiMsA se taiyAra hue prAzuka ( nirdoSa) zItala jala ke upayoga kA niSedha kara ina tapAgacchiyoM ne chahoM jIvanikAyoM kI hiMsA se taiyAra kiye jAne vAle uSNa jala ke upayoga kA upadeza gRhasthoM ko diyA / isa prakAra ke sAmpradAyika vyAmohajanya pArasparika vidveSa ke yuga meM jina vidvAn muniyoM kI lekhiniyAM apane se itara gaccha vAloM ko loka dRSTi meM nIcA aura apane gaccha ko sarvazreSTha dikhAne ke uddezya se calIM, una vidvAn muniyoM kA nAmollekha karanA na to zreyaskara hI hai aura na garaNanAtIta hone ke kAraNa saMbhava hI / paraspara eka-dUsare para kIcar3a uchAla kara jaina saMgha, jinazAsana kI chavi ko ujjvala karane ke nAma para vikRta virUpa karane vAle muniyoM kI hajAroM pRSThoM kI katipaya mudrita aura anekoM hastalikhita pratiyAM Aja bhI vibhinna granthAgAroM-jJAna bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiM / isa prakAra ke vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha khaNDana - maNDanAtmaka granthoM ke niSpakSa dRSTi se adhyayana, nididhyAsana, paryAlocana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki apane gaccha
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri [ 281 ke vyAmoha ke vazIbhUta ho prAyaH sabhI gacchoM ke sAdhuoM ne kevala apane-apane gaccha kI mAnyatAoM ko hI sarvazreSTha evaM AgamAnusArI tathA anya gacchoM kI mAnyatAoM ko unakI kapola-kalpita evaM sarvajJa praNIta AgamoM se viruddha siddha karane ke prayAsa meM hI apane muni jIvana kA eka bahuta bar3A bhAga vyartha hI vyatIta kara diyA ho / isase sahaja hI yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki usa sAmpradAyika vidveSa ke yuga meM sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpI caturvidha jaina saMgha paraspara eka-dUsare gaccha ko anAgamika, dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ke viparIta patha kA pathika siddha karane vAlI ina carcAoM kA kendra bana cukA thaa| caturvidha saMdha ke pratyeka sadasya ko isa prakAra kI carcAoM meM kuzala evaM vAkpaTu banAne ke liye isa prakAra ke khaNDana-maNDanAtmaka granthoM kA nirmANa vibhinna gacchoM ke vidvAn muniyoM ne kiyaa| isa saba kA ghAtaka pariNAma yaha huA ki vizvakalyANakArI jagatguru jinezvara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha aise vibhinna gacchoM kI bAr3ebandI meM vibhakta ho gayA, jina gacchoM meM pratyeka gaccha apane se bhinna gaccha ko apanA pratidvandI, pratispardhI athavA zatru taka samajhane lgaa| isa prakAra kI pArasparika zatrutApUrNa pratispardhA kA hI pratiphala thA ki gaccha vizeSa ke prAcArya athavA vidvAn muni dvArA tapAgacchiyoM ko zAkinI-DAkinI se bhI krUra evaM bhava-bhavAntaroM ko naSTa karane vAlA batAkara unase kosoM dUra rahane kA parAmarza athavA upadeza diyA gayA aura tapAgacchIya viziSTa pratibhA ke dhanI vidvAn dvArA anya sabhI gacchoM, sampradAyoM ko utsUtra prarUpaka,saMghabAhya,tIrthAbhAsa Adi azobhanIya-aprItikara upAdhiyoM se lAMchita kiyA gayA / pArasparika vidveSa ke usa yuga meM gacchoM kI bAr3ebandI ke pariNAmasvarUpa pArasparika vidveSa vastutaH isa parAkASThA taka pahuMca cukA thA ki cAhe koI kitanA hI mahAn se mahattara prabhAvaka prAcArya kyoM na ho, yadi vaha apane gaccha se bhinna kisI bhI gaccha kA prAcArya ho aura lokapriya ho rahA ho, to use sahaja hI do proSTha hilAkara athavA lekhinI se sAta akSara likhakara apane gaccha kI ora se utsUtraprarUpaka kI upAdhi kA amara paTTA pradAna kiyA jA sakatA thaa| dAdA jinadattasUri, unake guru jinavallabhasUri, mleccha pratibodhaka jinazAsana prabhAvaka jinaprabhasUri, tilakAcArya Adi aneka kriyoddhArakaH prAcAryoM ke nAma udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM, jinako unake virodhI gaccha ke vidvAnoM ne unakI anupama amara sevAoM kI nitAnta upekSA kara unheM utsUtra prarUpaka, tIrthabAhya, jamAlItulya utsUtra prarUpaka, prauSTrika Adi azobhanIya upAdhiyoM se, upamAoM se alaMkRta kiyaa| kAlAntara meM kharataragaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta varddhamAnasUri, jinezvarasUri kI yazazvinI paramparA ke jina prAcAryoM ne jinazAsana kI jo mahatI sevA kI thI, una prAcAryoM meM dAdA jinadattasUri jI kA nAma bar3e sammAna ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA jAtA rahA hai, kiyA jA rahA hai aura yAvaccandra divAkarau sadA sammAna ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA jAtA rhegaa| kintu gacchavizeSa ke granthakAra muni ne unakI kisa prakAra se
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________________ 282 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 asammAnajanaka kaTu zabdoM meM AlocanA kI, isakA eka udAharaNa yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : __ tapAgaccha ke 57ve paTTadhara vijayadAnasUri ke ziSya upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne, joki tapAgaccha ke 583 paTTadhara jinazAsana prabhAvaka zrI hIravijayasUri kA sahapAThI thA,' apane grantha pravacana parIkSA bhAga 1 meM dAdA zrI jinadattasUri kI asammAnajanaka bhASA meM kaTutara AlocanA karate hue likhA hai : __ "yadyapi jinavallabha se vidhisaMgha prakaTa huA tathApi usa vidhisaMgha meM sAdhviyoM ke nitAnta abhAva ke kAraNa vaha saMgha paMgu arthAt caturvidha saMgha na raha kara sAdhu-zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpI vividha saMgha hI thaa| kucha samaya pazcAt jinadatta ne mahilAoM ko sAdhvI veSa pradAna kara usa trividha vidhisaMgha ko caturvidha saMgha kA rUpa pradAna kiyA / usa samaya se lekara Aja taka vaha vidhisaMgha avicchinna avasthA meM vidyamAna hai / isa kAraNa sarvAMgapUrNa caturvidha vidhisaMgha kA saMsthApaka athavA prathama prAcArya, prAdya prAcArya jinadatta hI hai| isa prakAra vidhisaMgha ke prathama do utsUtra prarUpaka mUla prAcArya jinavallabhasUri aura jinadatta the / 2 usa vidhisaMgha ke cAmuNDika, pauSTrika aura kharatara ye tIna nAma jinadatta se hI pracalita hue| vi. saM. 1201 meM jinadatta ne apane mata kI vRddhi ke uddezya se mithyAdRSTi devatA cAmuNDA (aparanAma caNDikA) kI aArAdhanA kii| jinadatta ne cittaur3a nagarastha cAmuNDA ke mandira meM cAturmAsAvAsa karate hue cAmuNDA kI ArAdhanA kii| ataH logoM ne jinadatta ke vidhisaMgha kA pramukha prathama nAma cAmuNDA gaccha rakhA / _kAlAntara meM ahillapura pATaNa nagara meM rahate hue jinadatta ne jinezvara prabhu ke mandira (nija mandira) meM rudhira ke chIMTe dekhe / jaba jinadatta ko jJAta huyA ki nija mandira meM par3e ve rudhira ke dhabbe jinendra bhagavAna kI pUjA ke liye AI huI kisI rajasvalA mahilA ke mAsika raktasrAva ke chIMTe haiM, to unake krodha 1. tathA tacchiSyo vijayadAnasUriH kriyoddhArasahAyakRt / tasya ziSyaH pUrva kharataragacchaH pazcAttapogacchAcaraNaH, devagirau zrIhIravijayasUrINAM sahAdhyAyI, girvANabhASAjalpadakSa:, tibrabuddhiH, prakharavAdI, caturvidhavAdaniSNAtaH, zrIjambUdvIpaprajJaptivRtti (vi. saM. 1636), kalpa kiraNAvalI (vi. saM. 1628) kumatikuddAla:-pravacanaparIkSA, tapAgaccha paTTAvalImUtra tadvRtti-naya cakra......""auSTrikotsUtradIpikA (vi. saM. 1617) paryupaNAzataka prakaraNa-tadvRti-gurutatvadIpikA (zlo. 1000) pramukha granthAnAM praNetA dharmasAgaraH / -paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1, pRSTha 73 (TippaNa)-saM. munidarzana vijayaH zrI cAritra smAraka granthamAlA, bIramagrAma (gujraat)| 2. pravacana parIkSA, bhAga - 1. vizrAma 4, pRSTha 266, gAthA 32 3. -vahI- gAthA saM0 33, 34, pRSTha 266, 267
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri [ 283 kA pArAvAra na rahA / eka rajasvalA mahilA ke isa aparAdha kA daNDa athavA prAyazcitta sampUrNa nArI samAja ko diyaa| jinadatta ne eka niyama banAkara samagra strI jAti ke liye jinendra kI pUjA kA niSedha karate hue jinamandiroM meM isa prakAra kI AjJA prasArita kara dI ki koI bhI strI-jinezvara bhagavAn kI mUrti kI aura mukhyataH mUla pratimA kI pUjA nahIM kara sktii| __ saMgha ke samakSa jaba yaha samasta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA to saMgha ne vicAravinimaya ke pazcAt nirNaya kiyA--"pravacanoM kA upaghAta-uDDAha karane vAle isa prakAra ke upadeza se jinadatta ne isa prakAra kI prAyazcita vidhi, isa prakAra ke kalpita daNDa kA vidhAna kahAM se khoja nikAlA hai| prAta:kAla jinadatta ko saMgha ke samakSa upasthita kiyA jAya aura usase isa sambandha meM pUchA jAya / samajhAne para bhI yadi vaha apanA kadAgraha nahIM chor3e to use samucita zikSA dI jAya / " saMgha dvArA kiye gaye isa prakAra ke nirNaya kI sUcanA jaba jinadatta ko milI to vaha bar3A bhayabhIta huA / saMgha se trANa kA aura koI upAya na dekha jinadattasUri rAtri meM hI druta gati vAle eka uSTra para ArUr3ha ho tatkAla pATaNa se jAlora kI aora prasthita hue| sUryodaya hote-hote jinadattasUri jAlora pahuMca gye| nagara ke bAhara hI UMTa para se utarakara jinadattasUri ne uSTra vAhaka ko vahIM se pATaNa kI aora vidA kiyA aura ve upAzraya meM phuNce| unheM dekha zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ko bar3A Azcarya huyA ki pada vihArI jainAcArya sUryodaya hote-hote hI kahAM se kisa prakAra jAlora pahuMca gaye ? apane isa kautuhala ko zAnta karane hetu zrAddhavarga ne jinadattasUri se pUchA-pATaNa se Apa kaba prasthita hue, rAtri meM kahAM Thahare aura sUrya kI prathama kiraNa ke sAtha hI Apane nagara meM praveza kisa prakAra kiyA ? jinadattasUri ne zrAvakavarga kI jijJAsA ko zAnta karane kA prayAsa karate hue uttara diyA-"pATaNa meM vezamAtra se sAdhu kahalAne vAle logoM kI ora se bhayaMkara upadrava upasthita kiye jAne kI AzaMkA utpanna ho gaI thI ataH maiM rAtri meM hI auSTrikI vidyA kI sAdhanA kara usakI sahAyatA se yahAM sUryodaya hone taka pahuMcA huuN|" yaha sunakara loga bar3e camatkRta hue| karNaparamparA se isa ghaTanA kA samAcAra dUra-dUra taka phaila gayA aura loka meM jinadattasUri kI pauSTrika aura unake gaccha kI auSTrika gaccha ke nAma se prasiddhi ho gii|' jana-jana ke mukha se svayaM apane liye aura apane gaccha ke liye auSTrika vizeSaNa ko sunakara jinadatta krodhAtireka se tamatamA uThate, logoM kI bhartsanA 1. pravacana parIkSA, bhAga 1, vizrAma 4, gAthA 35, 36, pRSTha 268
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________________ 284 ] karate tathA burA-bhalA kahate / jinadatta ke isa prakAra ke rUkSa evaM kaThora svabhAva ko dekha kara logoM ne yaha kahanA prArambha kara diyA ki - "are ! jinadattasUri kI prakRti bar3I hI kharatara hai / " isa prakAra jinadattasUri ke gaccha kI kharataragaccha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddhi ho gayI / 1 upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne kharataragaccha kI kaTutara AlocanA karate hue punaH likhA hai : [ "jitane bhI kupAkSika haiM, unameM kharataragacchAnuyAyI apane janma jAta svabhAva ke kAraNa sarvAdhika nizzUla haiM, sarvAdhika nirlajja athavA nikRSTa haiM / kharataragacchAnuyAyiyoM ke bhASaNa aura bhakSaNa donoM meM hI doSa hai / ve Agama viruddha prarUparaNA karake usakI puSTi hetu apanI jhUThI sammati dete aura zrAvakoM dvArA bhI tyAjya paryuSita ( vAsI) dvidala polikA Adi kA bhakSaNa karate haiM / " jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 : kharatara zabda kA artha abhivyakta karate hue u0 dharmasAgara ne likhA hai "adhobhAvAdi zabdai vyAkaraNa -- niSpannameva gRhyate tarhyatizayena kharaH kharatara : iti vyutpattyA mahAn gardabhaH ugrataro vA bhaNyate / / " arthAt khara kA artha huA gA aura kharatara kA artha hotA hai bar3A gadhA athavA pratIva ugra / para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki svarNagiri (jAlora) meM logoM ke mukha se apane liye prayukta 'praSTrika' vizeSaraNa ko sunakara jinadatta krodhAviSTa ho logoM kI prAkroSapUrNa kaTu evaM kaThora zabdoM meM bhartsanA karage lage aura logoM ne unheM - ye, bar3e ugra prarthAt kharatara haiMyaha kahanA prArambha kara diyA | 3 upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne jinadattasUri aura kharataragaccha ko "grauSTrika" kI upAdhi se saMbodhita kiye jAne ke viSaya meM aura bhI spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai : - "jinapUjA vighnakaro mahApAtakI, pravacanopaghAtI ca kalikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya prabhRtibhiranekairbahuzrutairanekazo nivArito'pi svAbhinivezamatyajan saMghabhItyA uSTramAruhya jAvAlipuraM gataH yaduktam : 1. 2. "strIjina pUjA vyavasthApakA prasmAkInA vAdi - zrI devasUri zrI hemacandrAcArya prabhRtayo bhUyAMso yeSAM bhayenoSTramAruhya palAyanaM jinadattasya strIjinapUjA niSedha hetukaM sampannam / " yatkRtastataH / jinadatta kriyAkozacchedo'yaM saMghoktibhItiste'-bhUdArUhyoSTraM palAyanam / / vahI vahI pravacana parIkSA, bhAga 1, vizrAma 4, gAthA 37, 38 pRSTha 267-266 pRSTha saMkhyA 316 pRSTha saMkhyA 2=6 -
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jinadattasUri [ 285 arthAt jinezvara bhagavAn kI pUjA meM jina - pravacanoM kA pralopa karane vAlA vyakti mahApApI aura jina pravacanoM kA pralopa karane vAlA upaghAtI hai / use ( zrI jinadattasUri ko) kalikAla sarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya, vAdI zrI devasUri Adi ne aneka bhAMti samajhAyA ki striyoM dvArA jinendra prabhu kI pUjA kiye jAne kA niSedha na kareM kintu jinadatta ne apane kadAgraha ko nahIM chor3A aura saMgha se bhayabhIta ho UMTa para ArUr3ha ho pATaNa se jAlora kI ora palAyana kara gayA / jinadattasUri kA yaha palAyana striyoM dvArA jinendra bhagavAna kI ( mUrti kI ) pUjA karane ke niSedha ke prazna ko lekara huA / " sAmpradAyika pUrvAbhiniveza, gacchavyAmoha, dhArmika sahiSNutA aura ahaM janya pArasparika vidveSa ke usa yuga meM apane se bhinna gaccha athavA sampradAyoM ke bar3e se bar3e prabhAvaka prAcAryoM ko bhI lokadRSTi meM nIce girAne ke uddezya se kisa-kisa prakAra ke kutsita prayAsa vibhinna gacchoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA vyApaka rUpa kiye gaye, isa sambandha meM itihAsa ke prati abhiruci rakhane vAle jijJAsu pAThakoM ko tatkAlIna sthiti kI thor3I sI jhalaka dikhAne ke liye ye kucha udAharaNa yahAM prastuta kiye gaye haiM / yahAM mahAn prabhAvaka evaM adyAvadhi sarvAdhika lokapriya prAcArya jinadattasUri ke jIvana paricaya kA prasaMga hone ke kAraNa kevala unake viruddha kiye gaye kutsita pracAra ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM / vastusthiti yaha hai ki usa yuga meM kisI bhI gaccha ke mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya ko athavA abhyudaya kI ora agrasara hone vAle kisI bhI kriyoddhAraka gaccha ko lokadRSTi meM nIcA dikhAne ke prayAsa meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kora kasara nahIM rakhI gaI / kharataragaccha ke anya prAcAryoM tathA anyAnya gacchoM evaM unake bar3e-bar3e prabhAvaka AcAryoM ko loka dRSTi meM girAne ke abhiprAya se usa pArasparika vidveSa ke yuga meM vibhinna gacchoM ke vidvAn lekhakoM dvArA jo pracAraprasAra kiyA gayA, vaha jaina saMgha ke liye ghAtaka siddha huA / jinazAsana kI abhyu - na ke liye jisa sAmUhika sammilita zakti kA upayoga kiyA jAnA cAhiye thA, usa zakti ko paraspara eka-dUsare kI jar3eM khokhalI karane kI dizA meM vyartha hI vyaya kiyA jAtA rahA / usa saba para vibhinna gacchoM aura vibhinna gacchoM ke prabhAvaka AcAryoM ke paricaya meM yathA prasaMga sAra rUpa meM pUrNa prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jAyegA / usa pArasparika vidveSa evaM vaimanasya ke yuga meM yugAdi se mahAn rahate prAye jaina saMgha ko jo apUraNIya kSati huI, usakA anumAna kevala eka isI tathya se prAMkA sakatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jo jaina saMgha na kevala "grA sindhosindhu paryantaM " bhAratavarSa meM hI nahIM apitu prar3ausa par3ausa ke dvIpa samUhoM meM bhI phailA huA thA evaM sabhI dharma saMghoM meM mUrdhanya mAnA jAtA rahA thA, vaha pArasparika vaimanasya - vidveSa ke kAraNa vipanna se vipannatara avasthA ko prApta hotA huA bhArata ke ine gine pradezoM meM simaTatA - sikur3atA eka kSINa, azakta, alpasaMkhyaka saMgha ke rUpa meM avaziSTa raha gayA /
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________________ 286 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 __ sabase bar3e Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki paraspara eka-dUsare gaccha para kIcar3a uchAlane vAle vidvAn granthakAra muniyoM ko unake samaya ke mahAn prabhAvaka prAcAryoM taka kA prazraya prApta hotA rahA aura isa prakAra ke pArasparika vaimanasya kA pracAra-prasAra karane vAle graMthakAra vidvAn muniyoM ke sira para una prabhAvaka mahAn AcAryoM kA pUrNa varada hasta rhaa| isa kaTu satya ke sAkSya ke rUpa meM upAdhyAya dharma sAgara dvArA racita "kupakSa kauzika sahasra kiraNa" nAmaka grantha Adi se anta taka paThanIya evaM mananIya hai / 770 pRSThoM ke pUrva evaM uttara ina do bhAgoM meM dRbdha isa vizAla grantha meM digambara 1, pauriNamIyaka 2, prauSTrika (kharataragaccha) 3, pAzacandragaccha 4, stanika (aMcalagaccha) 5, sArddha pauNimIyaka 6, Agamika 7, kaTuka 8, lumpAka (lokAgaccha) 6 aura bIjAmatI 10-ina dazoM hI AmnAyoM-gacchoM kI kaTutara evaM azobhanIya bhASA meM kaTu AlocanA kI gaI hai| isa grantha meM eka mAtra apane gaccha ko hI sarvazreSTha siddha karane ke prayAsa ke sAtha-sAtha uparinAmAMkita zeSa dazoM ho pAmnAyoM ko utsUtra prarUpaka evaM tIrthabAhya batAyA gayA hai| isa grantha kI racanA se sampUrNa jaina saMgha meM vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya dazaka meM bar3A hI bhISaNa vidveSa phailaa| usa vidveSapUrNa vAtAvaraNa ko zAnta karane ke lie u0 dharmasAgara ke guru prAcArya zrI vijayadAnasUri ne usa grantha ko jala meM pravAhita kara diyA arthAt upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara ke usa grantha ko jala meM Dubo diyA aura dharma sAgara ko caturvidha dharma saMgha se apanI ukta racanA ke lie kSamA yAcanA karanI pdd'ii| upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ke isI grantha ko vijayadAnasUri ke svargastha hone ke 7 varSa pazcAt vi. saM. 1626 meM vijayadAnasUri ke paTTadhara, akabara pratibodhaka mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya hIravijayasUri ne puna: prakaTa karavAkara apanI ora se isa grantha kA apara nAma "pravacana parIkSA" rkhaa| __ dAdA zrI jinadatasUrIzvara ne apane prAcArya kAla meM jinazAsana kI kitanI mahatI prabhAvanA kI hogI, isakA anumAna isa tathya se sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki bhArata ke sudUrastha pradezoM meM Apake caraNa cinhAMkita mandiroM se suzobhita dAdAbAr3iyAM Aja bhI sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM vidyamAna haiM aura virodhI gacchoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA prApazrI ke viruddha kiyA gayA dhuprAMdhAra pracAra bhI ApakI lokapriyatA evaM lokapUjyatA meM lavaleza mAtra bhI antara lAne meM pUrNataH niSphala rahA / 1. (ka) graMtha ke mukha pRSTha para grantha kA nAma 'zrI pravacana parIkSA (zrI hIravijayasUrIyAbhidhA), kupakSakauzika-sahasra kiraNa, (granthakRtkRtAbhidhA)" (kha) isa grantha ke sabhI gyArahoM vizrAmoM ke anta meM nimnalikhita paMktiyAM ullikhita haiM.--''itizrImattapAgaraNanabhomaNi zrIhIravijayasUrIzvara ziSyopAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgaragaNi viracita svopajJa kupakSakauzika sahasra kiraNe zrI hIravijayasUridatta pravacana parIkSA nAmni prakaraNe "vizrAmo vyAkhyAtaH / " ..
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________________ zrI vAdidevasUri vikrama kI bArahavIM-terahavIM zatAbdI meM zrI vAdidevasUri aura kalikAla sarvajJa ke viruda se abhihita zrI hemacandrAcArya nAmaka do mahAn granthAkAra, udbhaTa vidvAn aura jina zAsana ke bahuta bar3e prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiN| vAdidevasUri kA janma zrI hemacandrasUri se do varSa pUrva, dIkSA do varSa pazcAt prAcAryapada pATha varSa pazcAt aura svargArohaNa tIna varSa pUrva huA thaa| isa prakAra ye donoM prAcArya samakAlIna aura paraspara eka-dUsare se kevala pUrNataH paricita hI nahIM, apitu pUrI taraha ghule-mile hue bhI the| vAdidevasUri ne apane samaya ke ucca koTi ke vAda-vidyAniSNAta digambara AcArya zrI kumudacandra ko apahillapura paTTaNa ke mahAn pratApI rAjAdhirAja cAlukya vaMzI siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjyasabhA meM, zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara na kevala gujarAta pradeza meM hI apitu samasta bhArata varSa meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI pratiSThA ko uccatama Asana para pratiSThita kiyA / dUsarI ora kalikAla sarvajJa ke viruda se vibhUSita prAcArya hemacandra ne siddharAja jayasiMha ke hRdaya para apane tyAga, virAga aura pANDitya kI chApa aMkita kara, unake pazcAt vizAla gurjara rAjya ke siMhAsana para AsIna hone vAle cAlukyarAja kumArapAla ko pratibodhAnantara jinazAsana kA agraNI upAsaka banAkara tathA ucca koTi ke vipula sAhitya kA nirmANa kara jina zAsana kI gaurava-garimA ko atizaya rUpa se abhivRddha kiyaa| ___ gujarAta pradeza ke usa samaya aThAraha sau (1800) ke nAma se prasiddha maNDala ke maDDAhata (maddAhata) nAmaka nagara meM nAga nAmaka eka prAgvATavaMzIya vyApArI rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma jinadevI thaa| pati parAyaNA jinadevI ne rAtri meM eka svapna dekhA ki pUrNacandra usake mukha meM praviSTa ho rahA hai| una dinoM AcArya municandrasUri maddAhata nagara meM Aye hue the| jinadevI prAtaHkAla apane guru ke darzana vandana ke lie gayI aura usane vandana ke pazcAt unheM apane svapna kA vRttAnta sunAte hue jijJAsA prakaTa kI ki "bhagavan ! isa svapna kA kyA phala hai ?" municandrasUri ne jinadevI kI jijJAsA ko zAnta karate hue kahA-"vatse ! candramA ke samAna kAnti vAlA koI jIva tumhAre udara meM avatarita huA hai| tumheM putra ratna kI prApti hogI aura tumhArA vaha putra Age calakara jana-jana ke mana ko Anandita karane vAlA hogaa|"
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 apane prArAdhya gurudeva ke mukha se apane svapna kA phala sunakara jinadevI ke Ananda kA pArAvAra na rahA / vaha apane ghara lauTI aura bar3I sAvadhAnIpUrvaka apane garbhastha arbhaka kA pAlana karane lagI / garbhakAla pUrNa hone para vikrama samvat 1943 ( gyAraha sau tayAlIsa) meM jinadevI ne eka sundara putraratna ko janma diyA / vIra nAga aura jinadevI bar3e dulAra ke sAtha apane putra kA lAlana-pAlana karane lage aura candra ke svapna darzana ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue unhoMne usa bAlaka kA nAma pUrNacandra rakhA / pUrNacandra ke zaizava kAla meM hI maddAhata nagara meM mahAmArI kA prakopa huA aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa vIranAga aura jinadevI apane putra pUrNacandra ko sAtha le lATa pradeza bhRgukacchapura ( bhar3auMca ) nagara meM jA base / 288 ] ina saMkaTa ke dinoM meM prATha varSIya bAlaka pUrNacandra ne jIvikopArjana meM apane pitA kA hAtha baTAne kA nizcaya kiyA / tadanusAra vaha aneka prakAra ke susvAdu vyaJjana ghara para banAkara zrImantoM ke ghara vikrayArtha le jAne lagA / puNyavAn bAlaka pUrNacandra ko apane isa choTe se vyavasAya se paryApta prAya hone lagI / eka dina vaha aneka prakAra ke vyaJjana lekara eka zrImanta ke ghara pahuMcA / usane dekhA ki gRhasvAmI eka ghar3e meM se bar3e AkAra kI svarNamudrAeM cimaTe se pakar3a-pakar3a kara cauka meM pheMka rahA hai / bAlaka pUrNacandra ko bar3A vismaya huA / usane tatkAla usa zreSThi ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - "zreSThivara ! Apa mAnava jIvana ke lie saMjIvana svarUpa isa mahAgh ya dravyaH svarNa mudrAoM ko viSaile kIToM kI bhA~ti cimaTe se pakar3a-pakar3a kara bAhara kyoM pheMka rahe haiM ?" yaha sunate hI gRhasvAmI ke prAzcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA / usane bAlaka ke saumya mukha kI ora apalaka dekhate hue mana hI mana vicAra kiyA - "ye viSaile bicchU svarNa mudrAoM ke rUpa meM isa bAlaka ko dRSTigocara ho rahe haiM / pravazyameva yaha koI mahA puNyavAn prANI hai / " usane snehasikta svara meM pUrNacandra ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - " vatsa ! yaha eka bAMsa kI TokarI lo aura isa mahAya dravya ko isameM DAla-DAlakara mujhe do / " bAlaka ne tatkAla una saba svarNa mudrAoM ko, jo zreSThi ko bicchuoM ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara ho rahI thIM, cuna-cunakara usa TokarI meM rakhA aura vaha TokarI usa zreSThi ko samarpita karane lagA / gRhasvAmI ko yaha dekhakara apAra harSa mizrita acintya Azcarya huA ki usa bAlaka ke hAtha lagAte hI be saba bar3e-bar3e bicchU svarNamudrAoM ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gaye haiM / aba to usane TokarI meM bharI una svarNamudrAoM ko apane koSAgAra meM rakhanA prArambha kiyA / bAlaka una vizAla ghaToM se svarNa mudrAoM ko nikAla nikAlakara TokarI meM bhara-bhara kara gRhasvAmI ko detA Education
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUri - [ 289 gayA aura gRhasvAmI una TokariyoM meM rakhI svarNamudrAoM ko apane koSAgAra meM rakhatA gyaa| dekhate hI dekhate usakA pUrA koSAgAra svarNamudrAoM se ThasAThasa bhara gayA / usa zreSThI ne bAlaka pUrNacandra se vikraya hetu lAye gaye bhiSTAnna kI kharIdakara usake mUlya ke rUpa meM use kucha svarNa mudrAeM pradAna kara diiN| pramudita ho bAlaka apane pitA ke pAsa pahu~cA aura vaha dhana apane pitA ko samarpita karate hue unheM usane pUrA vRttAnta sunA diyaa| isa ghaTanA se vIranAga ko bhI var3A Azcarya huA aura usane apane dharma guru municandrasUri ko usa ghaTanA kA vivaraNa sunA diyaa| ___ isa vRttAnta ko sunakara municandrasUri ne mana ho mana vicAra kiyA"vastutaH yaha bAlaka koI bhAvI mahAn puruSottama hai| kucha samaya taka bAlaka ke sambandha meM mana hI mana cintana karane ke anantara muni candrasUri ne vIranAga se usa honahAra bAlaka pUrNacandra kI yAcanA kii| vIranAga ne ati vinamra svara meM apane guru ke samakSa apane manobhAva prakaTa karate hue kahA-"bhagavan ! hama to vaMzaparamparA se Apa hI ke caraNa sevaka haiN| kintu yaha merA eka mAtra putra hai aura hamArA yahI eka mAtra jIvana kA sahArA hai / aba na to maiM hI kisI prakAra ke vyavasAya ke mAdhyama se jIvikopArjana meM sakSama haM aura na pUrNacandra kI mAtA hii| isake uparAnta bhI yadi gurudeva isa bAlaka ko apanI caraNa zaraNa meM lenA hI cAhate haiM to maiM ApakI AjJA ko saharSa zirodhArya karatA huuN| Apa ise le liijiye|" vIranAga kI isa prakAra kI apUrva tyAgapUrNa udAratA se dravita ho muni candrasUri ne kahA-"zrAvakottama ! mere jo ye pAMca sau ziSya haiM, ve saba Aja se tumhAre hI putra haiN| isake sAtha hI sAtha jitane bhI mere upAsaka tumhAre ye sadharmI bandhu haiM ve saba tumhArI jIvanaparyanta antarmana se sevA suzrUSA kreNge| aba tuma to saba prakAra kI cintA chor3akara paraloka ke pAtheya eka mAtra dharmArAdhana kA avalambana lo|" isI prakAra prAcArya municandra ne pUrNacandra kI mAtA jinadevI ko bhI sahamata kara liyA aura unhoMne vikrama samvat 1152 (gyAraha sau bAvana) meM pUrNacandra ko zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA pradAna kara apanA ziSya banA liyaa| dIkSA pradAna karate samaya AcAryazrI ne pUrNacandra kA nAma rAmacandra rakhA / dIkSita hone ke anantara muni rAmacandra ne tarka zAstra, lakSaNa zAstra, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, nyAya, darzana evaM Agama zAstroM meM kramazaH pArINatA prApta kii| jaina-darzana ke atirikta bauddha, baizeSika, sAMkhya Adi sabhI darzanoM kA bhI talasparzI adhyayana kara rAmacandra apane samaya ke vAdiyoM meM viziSTa pratibhA sampanna vAdI ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue / mahAvAdIbha muni rAmacandra ne gholakA nagara meM dhandha nAmaka zivA
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________________ 290 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 dvaitavAdI ko, satyapura meM kazmIrI mahAvAdI sAgara ko, nAgapura meM digambaravAdI guraNacandra ko, citrakUTa meM zivabhUti nAmaka bhAgavata matAvalambI ko, gopagiri meM gaMgAdhara nAmaka vAdI ko, dhArAnagarI meM dharaNIdhara nAmaka vAdI ko, puSkariNI meM brAhmaNa vidvAn padmAkara ko aura bhRgukaccha meM kRSNa nAmaka mahAvAdI brAhmaNa ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara vAdajayI ke rUpa meM prasiddhi prApta kii| vimalacandra, haricandra, somacaMdra, pAvacaMdra, prajJAdhanI zAnti aura azokacandra Adi aneka udbhaTa vidvAn muni rAmacandra ke abhinna mitra bana gye| isa prakAra muni rAmacandra kI yazopatAkA digdiganta meM laharAne lgii| apane mahAyazasvI vidvAn muni rAmacandra ko sabhI bhAMti suyogya samajhakara prAcArya municandrasUri ne unheM vikrama samvat 1174 (gyAraha sau cauhattara) meM prAcAryapada pradAna kiyA aura prAcAryapada pradAna karate samaya unhoMne pUrNacandra kA nAma devasUri rakhA / prAcAryapada pradAna ke prasaMga para zrI municandrasUri ne pUrNacandra ke pitA zrI vIranAga ko paMca mahAvratoM kI bhAgavatI dIkSA pradAna kI aura pUrva meM hI dIkSitA zrI pUrNacandra kI mAtezvarI sAdhvIzreSThA jinadevI ko mahattarA pada pradAna kara unakA nAma candanabAlA rakhA / AcAryapada para abhiSikta kiye jAne ke anantara apane ArAdhya gurudeva kI AjJA se zrI devasUri ne gholakA Adi aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa kara jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA Adi ke sAtha-sAtha upadezAmRta se aneka bhavyoM ko prApyAyita karate hue jinazAsana kA ullekhanIya pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| tapazcaraNa ke sAthasAtha aharniza Atmacintana meM lIna rahane ke pariNAmasvarUpa prAcArya zrI devasUri ko aneka prakAra kI siddhiyAM svataH evaM anAyAsa hI upalabdha ho gaIM aura unakI kIrti digdiganta meM vyApta ho giiN| ___ eka samaya jaba ve arbudAcala para ArohaNa kara rahe the, taba unake sAtha mantrI ambAprasAda bhI thaa| parvata para car3hate samaya mantrI ko eka viSadhara ne Dasa liyaa| sAtha ke svadharmI bandhuoM ne tatkAla devasUri ke caraNodaka se mantrI ke usa paira ke usa bhAga ko dho DAlA, jisa bhAga ko sarpa ne DasA thA / yaha dekhakara logoM ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA ki mantrI ambAprasAda ke paira para sarpadaMza sthala ko zrI devasUri ke caraNodaka se dhote hI bhayaMkara viSadhara ke viSa kA prabhAva tatkAla pUrNataH vilupta ho gayA aura mantrIzvara pUrNataH svastha ho pahale kI bhAMti abudAcala para AroharaNa karane lge| zrI devasUri ne kucha samaya taka AbU parvata para rahakara sapAdalakSa (sAmbhara) kI ora vihAra karane kA vicAra kiyaa| kintu unheM adRSTa zakti se preraNA milI ki ve sAMbhara kI ora vihAra na kara yathAzakya zIghra hI apahilapurapattana pahuMca
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUri [ 261 jAyeM, kyoMki unake guru zrI municandrasUri kA AyuSya kevala 6 mAsa kA hI avaziSTa raha gayA hai / isa prakAra ke bhAvI kA bodha hote hI devasUri ne bAbU se manahilapura pattana kI ora vihAra kiyA aura apratihata vihArakrama se ve pattana pahuMcakara guru kI sevA meM rata ho gye| jisa samaya devasUri dholakA aura arbudAcala Adi kSetroM meM vicaraNa kara rahe the, una dinoM devabodha nAmaka eka mahAvAdI pattana meM paayaa| bar3e-bar3e labdhapratiSTha prativAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara dene ke kAraNa devabodha ke antarmana meM ahaMkAra ghara kara gayA thA ki usake samakSa na to koI vAdaniSNAta prativAdI hI khar3A raha sakatA hai aura na koI uccakoTi kA udbhaTa vidvaziromaNi hii| usane pattananagara ke vidvAnoM ke pANDitya ko lalakArate hue nimnalikhita ati jaTila eka zloka patra para likha kara pattanAdhIza cAlukyarAja siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjadvAra para cipakA diyA : ekadvitricatuH paMcaSaNmenakamane na kAH / devabodhe gayi kruddha SaN menakamanenakAH / / eka dUsare se ucca koTi ke aneka diggaja vidvAnoM ne usa zloka ko par3hA aura usakA zabdArtha karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| kintu eka jaTila samasyA ke samAna rahasyapUrNa usa zloka kA artha karane meM koI vidvAn saphala nahIM huaa| yaha pATana ke prabhutva kI pratiSThA kA prazna thA / mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne jaba yaha dekhA ki lagabhaga 6 mAsa vyatIta ho jAne para bhI devabodha dvArA rAjadvAra para cipakAye gaye isa gUr3ha rahasyapUrNa samasyAtmaka zloka kA unake rAjya ke vidvAnoM meM se koI bhI samucita artha karane meM saphala nahIM ho sakA hai to unheM bar3I cintA huii| apane svAmI kI cintA ko dekha kara mahAmAtya ambAprasAda ne unheM nivedana kiyA-"svAmin ! jainAcArya zrI devasUri vartamAna yuga ke mahAmedhAvI vidvadvareNya haiM / merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki yadi unheM nivedana kiyA jAya to ve isa gUr3ha zloka kI suspaSTa rUpa se vyAkhyA kara deNge| mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne devasUri se prArthanA kI ki ve devabodha dvArA rAjadvAra para cipakAye gaye usa zloka kI samucita vyAkhyA karane kI kRpA kreN| devasUri ne tatkAla usa zloka ko par3ha kara siddharAja jayasiMha ke samakSa usa zloka kI nimnalikhita rUpa se vyAkhyA karate hue kahA :--"mahArAja ! isa zloka ke mAdhyama se vidvAn devabodha vidvanmaNDalI ko lalakArate hue garvapUrvaka apane pANDitya kA pradarzana isa prakAra kara rahA hai : "ekamAtra pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnane vAle eka pramANavAdI cArvAka, pratyakSa aura anumAna ina do pramANoM ko mAnane vAle dvimA arthAt bauddha aura
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________________ 22] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 vaizeSika, pratyakSa, anumAna aura zrAgama ina tIna pramANoM ko mAnane vAle trimA arthAt sAMkhya, pratyakSa, anumAna, zrAgama aura upamAna ina cAra pramAraNoM ko mAnane vAle caturmA arthAt naiyAyika, pratyakSa, anumAna, zrAgama, upamAna aura prarthApatti ina pAMca pramAraNoM ko mAnane vAle prabhAkaramatAvalambI aura pratyakSa, anumAna, zrAgama, upamAna, arthApatti aura prabhAva ina 6 prakAra ke pramANoM ko mAnane vAle SaNmA - arthAt mImAMsaka --- ina chahoM matAvalambiyoM ke darzanoM meM niSNAta "ekadvitricatuH paMcaSaNmenakamane mayi" mujha devabodha ke kruddha ho jAne para "na kA : " mere samakSa vAdI ke rUpa meM nahIM Thahara skte| sAtha hI " menakamanenA" arthAt mA-lakSmI usakA ina arthAt svAmI mena - viSNu, kamanaH brahmA aura in arthAt sU Aditya (sUrya) ye tInoM sabase bar3e deva bhI devoM ko bodha- jJAna dene vAle mujha devabodha ke samakSa nahIM Tika sakate / kyoMki devabodha nAma hone ke kAraNa maiM devoM kA bodhaka guru hUM aura ye deva mere ziSya / isa prakAra mere samakSa kisI mAnava kI to gaNanA hI kyA devoM ke svAmI viSNu, brahmA aura sUrya taka nahIM Thahara sakate / paNDita devabodha ko vizvAsa thA ki usake isa zloka kA koI bhI vidvAn artha nahIM batA sakegA / devasUri dvArA apane antarmana kI bhAvanA ke anurUpa kiye gaye isa zloka ke artha ko par3hakara vidvAn devabodha bar3A hI camatkRta huA / usakA garva gala gayA aura usane devasUri ko tatkAla apane pUjya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara unheM praNAma kiyA / rAjAdhirAja siddharAja jayasiMha ke harSa kA to pArAvAra na rahA / vaha devasUri ke pragalbha prakANDa pANDitya se itanA adhika prabhAvita huA ki jIvana bhara vaha unake prati gaharA sammAna prakaTa karatA rahA / isa prakAra devasUri kI mUrdhanya vidvAnoM meM gaNanA kI jAne lagI / devasUri lagabhaga pAMca mAsa taka apane guru kI sevA meM rahe aura unhoMne unakI bar3I hI zraddhA-bhakti evaM niSThApUrvaka sevA kii| zrI municandrasUri ne apanA antima samaya sannikaTa samajha kara saMlekhanA - saMthArA anazana kara vikrama saMvat 1178 meM samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyA / apane guru ke svargastha hone ke anantara bhI devasUri ko lagabhaga 6 mAsa taka pAraNa meM hI rukanA par3A, kyoMki unakI preraNA se atula dhana ke dhanI dharmaniSTha zreSThi thAhar3a dvArA prArambha kiyA gayA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mandira ke nirmANa kA kArya taba taka nirmANAdhIna thA / nirmANa kArya pUrNa ho jAne para zreSThivara thAhar3a ne usa mandira kI pratiSThA devasUri ke karakamaloM se karavAI / isa prakAra kula milAkara eka varSa taka pATaNa meM rahane ke anantara devasUri ne nAgapura kI ora vihAra kiyA / nAgapura pahuMcane para mahArAjA grAhlAdana ne devasUri ke samakSa upasthita ho unakI agavAnI karate hue unheM vandana namana kiyA / usa samaya bhAgavata vidvAn .
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUra [ 293 devabodha bhI mahArAjA AhlAdana ke sAtha thA / apane dharmaguru ke darzanArthaM vahAM upasthita hue vizAla janasamUha ke samakSa vidvAn devabodha ne devasUri kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA karate hue nimnalikhita AryA kA sasvara pATha kiyA : yo vAdino dvijihvAn, sATopaM viSamamAnamudgirataH / zamayati sa devasUrirnarendravandyaH kathaM na syAt // 76 // arthAt-phutkAra ke sAtha pharaNa uThA kara viSa kA vamana karane vAle do jihvA vAle viSadhara sarpoM ke samAna bar3e ADambara ke sAtha pragAr3ha abhimAna prakaTa karane vAle vAkzUra vAdiyoM ke viSa tulya dukhadAyI garva kA zamana kara dene vAle ye devasUri narezvaroM dvArA vandanIya kyoM nahIM hoMge ? avazyameva vandanIya hoMge / mahArAjA AhlAdana ne pragAr3ha bhakti prakaTa karate hue AcArya zrI devasUri kA bar3e ThATa-bATa se nagara praveza karavAyA / tatvadarzI AcArya devasUri bhavya janoM ko upadeza dekara sva tathA para kA kalyANa karane vAle dharma ke patha para unheM prArUr3ha aura uttarottara agrasara karane lage / jisa samaya devasUri nAgapura nagara meM virAjamAna the, usI samaya pattanAdhIza siddharAja jayasiMha ne apanI vizAla caturaMgiNI senA le nagara ko cAroM ora se ghera liyA kintu jyoMhI siddharAja jayasiMha ko jJAta huA ki prAcArya zrI devasUri nAgapura nagara meM vidyamAna haiM, to usane tatkAla nagara kA gherA uThA apanI vizAla vAhinI ke sAtha punaH apanI rAjadhAnI pattana kI ora prayANa kara diyA / apane sammAnAspada mitra zrI devasUri jaba taka nAgapura nagara meM rahe, taba taka balapUrvaka usa durga para AkramaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isa prakAra vicAra kara mahArAjA jayasiMha ne apane vizvasta paura janoM ko devasUri kI sevA meM bheja bar3I bhaktibharI prArthanA kara unheM punaH anahilapurapattana meM bulA liyA aura unheM cAturmAsAvAsa bhI vahIM karavAyA / jisa samaya devasUri pattana meM varSAvAsa vyatIta kara rahe the, usa samaya Azvina mAsa meM siddharAja jayasiMha ne apanI senA ke sAtha nAgapura para AkramaNa kiyA aura svalpa samaya meM hI durga para apanA adhikAra kara liyA / isa ghaTanA se sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki jainAcArya zrI devasUri ke prati cAlukyarAja siddharAja jayasiMha ke antarmana meM kitanI pragAr3ha zraddhA bhakti thI ki eka bar3e hI mahattvapUrNa sainika abhiyAna meM vipula artha aura samaya kA vyaya kara nAgapura ke cAroM ora gherA DAlane ke uparAnta bhI jaba siddharAja jayasiMha ko yaha vidita huA ki devasUri nagara meM hI virAjamAna haiM to vaha tatkAla gherA haTA apane nagara ko lauTa gayA / jaba taka devasUri nAgapura meM rahe, usane nAgapura para AkramaNa nahIM kiyA aura antatogatvA unheM pattana meM cAturmAsAvAsa karavAne ke anantara hI nAgapura para AkramaNa aura adhikAra kiyA /
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________________ 264 ] [ . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 AcArya zrI devasUri kA anahilapurapattana kA cAturmAsAvAsa pUrNa ho jAne ke anantara kucha samaya pazcAt karNAvatI nagarI kA saMgha zrI devasUri kI sevA meM upasthita huA aura usane prAcAryazrI se anunaya-vinayapUrNa bhAvabharI vinatI kI ki agalA varSAvAsa ve kRpA kara karNAvatI nagarI meM kreN| devasUri ne zraddhAlu saMgha kI .. prArthanA svIkAra kara anahilapurapattana se vihAra kiyA aura aneka kSetroM meM janmajarA-mRtyu se sadA-sadA ke liye mukti dilAne vAle sarvajJapraNIta jaina dharma kA pracAraprasAra karate hue ve vihArakrama se samaya para karNAvatI nagarI padhAre aura vahAM cAtusiAvAsArtha . eka upAzraya meM virAjamAna hue| vahAM para bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke mandira meM pratidina pravacanAmRta kI varSA kara bhavya janoM ko prApyAyita kara dharmamArga para agrasara karane lge| antarcakSuoM ko unmIlita kara dene vAle zrI devasUri ke adhyAtmaparaka upadezoM ko sunane ke liye na kevala karNAvatI ke nara-nArI vRnda hI apitu dUra-dUra ke mumukSu tIvra utkaNThA ke sAtha bar3I saMkhyA meM upasthita hone lage / AcAryazrI ke pravacanapATava kI kIrti cAroM ora dUra-dUra taka prasRta ho gii| AcArya zrI devasUri ke karNAvatI cAturmAsAvAsa ke samaya pattanapati siddharAja jayasiMha ke nAnA karNATakAdhIza jayakezideva ke dharmaguru digambarAcArya zrI kumudacandra bhI karNAvatI nagarI meM bhagavAn vAsupUjya ke mandira meM varSAvAsArtha virAjamAna the| karNAvatI evaM sudUrastha pradezoM ke vizAla janasamUha ko kevala devasUri ke darzanoM aura pravacanazravaNa ke liye udvelita sAgara kI taraha umar3ate, unakI kIrtipatAkA ko cAroM ora laharAte aura janamAnasa meM apanI ora upekSA bhAva dekhakara mahAvAdI digambarAcArya kI manobhUmi meM devasUri ke prati amarza evaM IrSyA ke bIja aMkurita ho utthe| prabhAvakacaritra ke ullekhAnusAra digambara mahAvAdI kumudacandra ne apane upAsakoM ke mAdhyama se kAvyakalAkovida vandIjanoM ko dAna-sammAnAdi pralobhanoM se apane vaza meM kara devasUri ko uttejita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| vandIgaNa vyAkhyAna-sthala meM jAkara sampUrNa zvetAmbara AmnAya ko aura vizeSataH devasUri ko logoM kI dRSTi meM upahAsAspada evaM tiraskRta karane ke abhiprAya se aneka prakAra ke gadyagIta sunAne lge| eka vandI ne eka dina vyAkhyAnasthala meM upasthita vizAla janasamUha ke samakSa nimnalikhita zloka ucca svara se sunAyA :haMho zvetapaTAH kimeSa vikaTATopoktisaNTaMkitaiH, saMsArAvaTakoTare'tiviSame mugdho janaH pAtyate / tatvAtatvavicAraNAsu. yadi vo hevAkalezastadA, satyaM kaumudacandramaMhriyugalaM rAtriMdivaM dhyAyata // 12 // " arthAt-he zvetAmbaroM! apanI ina zabdADambarapUrNa kUToktiyoM se saMsAra ke bhole mugdhajanoM ko rasAtala meM kyoM girA rahe ho| yadi tatvAtatva ke nirNaya meM
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUri . / 265 tumhArI lezamAtra bhI ruci hai to hama tumheM yaha saccI bAta batA rahe haiM ki mahAvAdI digambarAcArya ke caraNakamaloM kI sevA meM nirata raha rAta-dina unakA dhyAna kro| devasUri ke pramukha ziSya Azukavi mANikyamuni isa tiraskArapUrNa garvokti ko sahana nahIM kara sake aura unhoMne tatkAla usa zloka ke uttara meM nimnalikhita zloka ghanarava gambhIra svara meM sunAyA :ka: kaNThIravakaNThakesarasaTAbhAsaM spRzatyahriNA, kaH kuntena zitena netrakuhare kaNDUyanaM kAMkSati / kaH sannahyati pannagezvaraziroratnAvataMza zriye, yaH zvetAmbaradarzanasya kurute vandyasya nindAmimAm / / 64 / / arthAt-jo mUrkha vanarAja kesarIsiMha kI grIvA para suzobhita ayAla arthAt kesaraMsannibha kesarAzi ko paira se chune kA dussAhasa kara sakatA hai, jo mUr3ha tIkSNa bhAle se apane netrayugala ko khujalAne kI mUrkhatA kara sakatA hai, aura jo mugdhamanA vimUr3ha zeSanAga ke zira kI mariNa ko hastagata karane ke liye nAgarAja ke pharaNa kI ora apanA hAtha bar3hAne ko samudyata hotA hai, vahI mUrkha vandanIya zvetAmbara darzana arthAt dharma kI isa prakAra nindA karatA hai| devasUri ne apane ziSya mANikya muni ko zAMta karate hue kahA- "durvacana bolane vAle durjanoM para kabhI kopa nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki unakA to svabhAva hI isa prakAra ke vacana bolane kA hai|" yaha sunakara prAcArya kumudacandra dvArA bheje gaye usa vandirAja ne kahA :-- "hamAre mahAvAdI prAcArya kumudacandra zvetAmbara rUpI cane ko bar3I ruci ke sAtha cara jAne vAle azvarAja haiM, zvetAmbara sampradAya rUpa andhakAra ko vinaSTa karane vAle sUrya, zvetAmbara rUpI macchara bhagA dene vAle dhUmrapuja aura zvetAmbaroM ko jagajjanoM kA hAsyapAtra banAne vAle prahasana ke sUtradhAra haiM ataH isa prakAra ke vacanADambara se koI kArya siddha hone vAlA nahIM hai / sAra rUpa meM Apa unheM kyA kahalavAnA cAhate ho, vahI mujhe batA do| devasUri ne usa vandI ko kahA-tuma to mere bhAI usa kumudacandra ko merI aora se yahI kahanA- "he digambara ziromaNi ! guNoM se vimukha mata bano, mada kA parityAga kara apane guNoM ko zAMti aura saMyama ke raMga meM raMjita karo kyoMki vastutaH indriya damana-kaSAya mardana hI muniyoM kA bhUSaNa hai aura vaha bhUSaNa mada ke parityAga ke anantara hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai|" jaba vandirAja ne devari kA uparyukta sandeza digambarAcArya kumudacandra ko sunAyA to unhoMne vandI se kahA- "mUrkha sAdhu kA uttara zama arthAt zAnti ke atirikta aura ho hI kyA sakatA hai|"
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________________ 296 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "kisI na kisI prakAra devasUri ko uttejita kara, usako adhikAdhika mAnasika pIr3A pahuMcA kara use vikSubdha kara diyA jAya jisase ki hameM yaha bhalIbhAMti vidita ho jAya ki vaha kitane gahare pAnI meM hai, usameM kitanA bala aura sAmarthya hai ?"-isa prakAra vicAra kara digambara AcArya kumudacandra ne apane upAsakoM ko Adeza diyA ki galI kUcoM meM, rAjamArga para ina zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ko dekhate hI unake sAtha isa prakAra kA vyavahAra kiyA aura karAyA jAya ki unakA apane sthAna se bAhara nikalanA dUbhara ho jAya / isa prakAra apane upAsakoM ko Adeza dekara apane nagna svarUpa ke anurUpa hI nagna arthAt hIna ceSTAeM prArambha kara diiN| eka dina devasUri ke zramaNI saMgha kI eka vayovRddhA ko madhukarI hetu apane caitya ke Age se jAtI huI dekhakara kumudacandra ke upAsakoM ne use aneka prakAra ke upasarga pahuMcAne prArambha kiye / kumudacandra ke iMgita para usake logoM ne usa vRddhA sAdhvI ko Upara uThAkara eka kuNDa meM pheMka diyaa| use nRtya karane ke liye bAdhya kara diyaa| isa prakAra eka vayovRddhA sAdhvI ke sAtha kiye gaye abhadra aura niMdya vyavahAra ko dekhakara samasta nAgarika kumudacandra kI burAI karate hue use kosane lge| nagara bhara meM palaka jhapakate hI usakI apakItti phaila gii| katipaya pramukha nAgarikoM ne vRddhA AryA kI dayanIya dazA se dravita hokara una duSToM ke paMje se use yena-kena-prakAreNa chudd'aayaa| apamAnitA vRddhA prAryA vahAM se tatkAla devasUri ke upAzraya meM gaI aura unake samakSa digambara AcArya dvArA karavAye gaye prati hIna abhadra vyavahAra kI vyathA-kathA avaruddha kaMTha se sunAne lgii| sUri ne usase pUchA :-"prApakA isa prakAra kA apamAna kisane aura kisa kAraNa se kiyA ?" jarA jarjaritA AryA ne AvezavazAt prakampita AkrozapUrNa svara meM devasUri ke samakSa kahanA prArambha kiyA :-."mere gurudeva ne tumheM bar3A kiyA, par3hAyA aura sUri pada para bhI Apako adhiSThita kiyaa| kyA unhoMne yaha saba kucha hamArI isa prakAra kI viDambanA karavAne ke liye kiyA thA ? usa vIbhatsa svarUpa vAle nagnATa ne mujhe rAjamArga para jAtI dekhakara apane ziSyavRnda ke dvArA balAt pakar3avA kara mujhe isa prakAra prapIDita aura apamAnita karavAyA hai| tumhArI yaha vidvattA kisa kAma kI, jo apane AzritoM kI rakSA nahIM kara sake, hAtha meM dhAraNa kiye hue usa zastra se kyA prayojana jo zatru kA saMhAra na kara ske| zama bhAva kI ThaNDI bela ke phala parAbhava aura apamAna ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM ho sakate / zItalatA kA puja candra rAhu dvArA usakI icchA ke anusAra punaH punaH nasA hI jAtA AyA hai / sUri ! kAna kholakara sUna lo ki yaha tumhAre parAkrama aura pAMDitya kA parIkSA kAla hai| yadi isa samaya tumane apanI vidvattA aura zakti kA pradarzana nahIM kiyA to ve saba niSphala-nirarthaka siddha hoNge| dhana-dhAnya ke zuSka ho jAne para jisa prakAra varSA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUri [ 267 nirarthaka hotI hai, usI prakAra bar3e parizrama se ajita kiyA gayA yaha tumhArA prAdhyAtmika vikrama aura pAMDitya nirarthaka siddha hogaa|" krodhavazAt kruddhA nAgina kI bhAMti phUtkAra karatI huI usa vayovRddhA sAdhvI ke isa prakAra ke kathana ko sunakara devasUri ne kahA:--- "he prArye ! tuma viSAda mata kro| usa duvinIta kA avazyameva patana hogaa|" vayovaddhA sAdhvI ne kahA:- "usa duvinIta kA patana to hogA athavA nahIM, kintu yaha sunizcita hai ki tumhAre jaise durbala sUri ke saMrakSaNa meM rakhe hue hamAre saMgha kA avazyameva patana hogaa|" isa para devasUri ne sAdhvI ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :-"Apa sthiracitta hokara vicAra kareMgI to Apako bhalIbhAMti vidita ho jAyagA ki motiyoM kA vedhana jisa prakAra yukti se hI kiyA jAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra isa duvinIta kA parAbhava bhI yuktipUrvaka hI kiyA jaaygaa|" tadanantara apane ziSya mANikya muni kI aora abhimukha ho devasUri ne unheM Adeza diyA :- "mune / tuma isI samaya anahillapura pattana ke saMgha ko vinayapUrNa zabdoM meM merI ora se nimnalikhita rUpa meM eka vijJapti likhakara bhejo : "karNAvatipurI se devasUri vIra jinezvara ko namana karane ke anantara aNahillapura paTTaNa ke saMgha ko svastivAda ke sAtha bhaktipUrvaka yaha vijJApita karate haiM ki vivAdonmukha digambarAcArya kumudacandra ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha ve zIghra hI arAhillapura paTTaNa pahuMca rahe haiN|" isa prakAra kA vijJapti patra eka drutagAmI dUta ke mAdhyama se tatkAla praNahillapura paTTaNa ke saMgha ke pAsa bhejA gyaa| vaha cara tIna prahara kI yAtrA meM hI paTTaNa pahuMca gayA aura saMghapramukha ko prAcArya devasUri dvArA preSita vijJaptipatra samarpita kiyaa| saMgha ne dUta ko samucita rUpa se sammAnita kara usake sAtha saMgha kA Adezapatra devasUri kI sevA meM bhejaa| dUta ne drutagati se karNAvatI lauTakara vaha saMghAdeza devasUri kI sevA meM samarpita kiyA, jisameM likhA thA : "tIrthezvara ko namana karane ke anantara paTTaNa kA saMgha digambarAcArya ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane ke liye kRta saMkalpa karNAvatI meM virAjamAna devasUri ko Adeza karatA hai ki ve vAdi pugava paravAdi-mada-gaMjana zIghra hI aNahillapura paTTaNa nagara meM padhAra jAveM / vAdi vetAla zAntisUri ke pAsa raha kara samasta darzanoM kA talasparzI adhyayana karane vAle zrI municandrasUri ke Apa ziSya ziromariga haiN| Aja hamAre saMgha kA
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________________ 268 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 abhyudayotkarSa Apa hI ke pAMDityapUrNa pauruSa para nirbhara karatA hai / hamane mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ko saba kucha nivedana kara diyA hai / hama * ApakI vijaya ko apanI vijaya samajhate hue Apake zrAgamana kI pratIkSA kara rahe haiN| tIna sau zrAvakoM aura sAta sau zrAvikAoM ne ApakI vijaya kI kAmanA ke sAtha pracAmla vrata karanA prArambha kara diyA hai tAki isa tapazcaraNa ke prabhAva se zAsanadevI Apako apane pratipakSiyoM kA parAbhava karane ke liye bala pradAna kare / " isa saMghAdeza ke prApta hote hI mahAvAdI devAcArya ne usa dUta ko nirdeza diyA ki vaha digambarAcArya kumudacandra ke pAsa jAkara unheM unakA yaha sandeza sunAve"maiM mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kI sabhA meM zrApake sAtha zAstrArtha karane ke liye jA rahA hUM / hama donoM dvArA apane-apane pakSa kI puSTi ke liye prastuta kiye gaye pramANoM para nirNaya kara jayAjaya kI nyAyapUrNa ghoSaNA kareMge / " dUta ne tatkAla digambarAcArya kumudacandra ke pAsa jAkara unakA sandeza sunAyA / devasUri ke sandeza ko kumudacandra ne sAvadhAnIpUrvaka sunA aura usake uttara meMdUta se kahA :- " maiM bhI aragahillapura paTTaNa zIghra hI pahuMcUMgA / " isa prakAra kA uttara dete hI digambarAcArya ko chIMka huii| dUta ne ise digambarAcArya ke liye apazakuna samajhA aura devasUri ke pAsa Akara dUta ne samasta vivaraNa sunA diyA / tadanantara zubha ghar3I zubha muhUrtta meM devasUri ne araNahillapura paTTaraNa kI ora vihAra kiyA / vihAra karate hI unheM tatkAla aneka prakAra zreSThatama zubha zakuna hue / unakA dAhinA netra pharakane lagA / isI prakAra ke aneka zubha zakunoM ke bIca karNAvatIpurI se prasthAna kara AcArya devasUri vihAra krama se araga hillapura paTTaNa pahuMce / pAraNa ke saMgha ne bar3e hI harSollAsa ke sAtha devasUri ke nagara praveza kA mahotsava kiyA / kucha samaya pazcAt digambarAcArya kumudacandra bhI anahilapurapattana pahuMca gaye / tadanantara eka dina devasUri mahArAjA siddharAja jayasiMha se mile aura digambarAcArya kumudacandra ke sambandha meM uparivariNata pUrNa vivaraNa saMkSepataH unheM sunAyA / pattanapati jayasiMha se bAta kara lene ke pazcAt devasUri ne mAgadhamukhya (dUta) ko digambarAcArya zrI kumudacandra ke pAsa jAkara unheM apanA yaha saMdeza sunAne ko kahA : "devasUri ne Apako yaha sandeza kahalavAyA hai ki Apa mada kA parityAga kara zramaNocita zamabhAva ko dhAraNa kareM / mada vastutaH mAnavamAtra ke liye ghora duHkha kA kAraNa hai / jisa rAvaraNa kI tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM meM garaNanA kI jAtI hai, usakI bhI mada ke kAraNa kaisI durdazA huI, yaha to sarvavidita hI hai / "
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUri [ 266 saMdezavAhaka mAgadhamukhya ke mukha se devasUri kA saMdeza suna kara digambarAcArya ne usase kahA :- "kathAjIvI ye zvetAmbara kathAeM kahane meM niSNAta haiN| yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI devasUri ne yaha eka pate kI bAta kahI hai ki mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kI sabhA meM hama donoM ke bIca zAstrArtha ho| vastutaH zAstrArtha se hI tathyAtathya pakSa kA antima rUpa se nirNaya ho sakatA hai| tuma jAno aura devasUri se kaha do ki vAda ke liye rAjya sabhA meM upasthita ho jaay| maiM bhI isI samaya vahAM pahuMca rahA huuN|" AcArya kumudacandra ne tatkAla sukhAsana (pAlakI) para ArUr3ha ho dUta ke dekhate hI dekhate rAjya sabhA kI ora prasthAna kara diyaa| pAlakI para baiThate hI AcArya kumudacandra ke samakSa prAte hue vyakti ko chIMka huii| usa apazakuna kI avamAnanA karate hue kumudacandra ne kahA:- "yaha to zleSma ke vikAra kA pariNAma hai / hamAre jaise sAhasika isakI ora koI dhyAna nahIM dete|" yaha kahakara sukhAsana vAhakoM ko unhoMne Adeza diyA ki ve zIghra Age kI ora bddh'eN| pAlakI ke Age bar3hate hI vAma pArzva se eka kAlA viSadhara nAga niklaa| isa ghora apazakuna ko dekhakara kumudacandra ke anuyAyiyoM ne kahA :-"prAcArya ! Aja kA dina Apake liye amaMgalakArI pratIta ho rahA hai / ataH Apa maTha meM lauTa jaaiye|" prAcArya kumudacandra ne una saba logoM ke Agraha kI upekSA karate hue sasmita svara meM kahA :-"yaha apazakuna nahIM hai apitu bar3A hI zreSTha zubha zakuna hai / bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke tIrthAdhiSThAyaka dharaNendra ne mujhe darzana dekara yaha iMgita kiyA hai ki ve mere sahAyaka haiM aura avazyameva merI vijaya hogii|" devasUri ne bhI tatkAla rAjasabhA kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| usa samaya thAhar3a aura nAgadeva nAmaka do saMghAgraNI zrImanta zrAvaka unakI sevA meM upasthita hue aura unheM vandana namana ke anantaraM nivedana karane lage :---"prAcAryadeva ! gAMgila Adi ucca rAjyAdhikAriyoM ko vipula dhanarAzi dekara digambarAcArya ke zrAvakoM ne apane vaza meM kara liyA hai / aba yadi Apa Adeza deM to hama loga bhI ucca nyAyAdhikAriyoM ko dhanarAzi dekara apane pakSadhara banA leM / hameM Dara hai ki yadi aisA nahIM kiyA gayA to digambarAcArya dhUsa ke bala para kahIM vijayI ghoSita na kara diye jAyaM / " devasUri ne unheM isa prakAra kI koI kAryavAhI na karane kA nirdeza karate hue kahA :-"Apako isa prakAra vyartha hI dravya kA apavyaya nahIM karanA caahiye| ghUsa ke bala para prApta kI gaI vijaya vastutaH vijaya nahIM, parAjaya hI hai / deva, guru hamAre sahAyaka haiM / rAjA nyAyavAdI hai / ataH sunizcita rUpa se hamArI vijaya hogii|" ___ rAjya sabhA meM zAstrArtha ke liye bhalI-bhAMti vyavasthA ho jAne ke anantara donoM prAcAryoM ko mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne rAjasabhA meM bulaayaa| donoM vAdI
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________________ 300 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 prativAdI cAlukyarAja jayasiMha kI rAjyasabhA meM upasthita hue, jahAM mahArAjA ne ghoSaNA kI ki donoM pakSoM meM se jo pakSa zAstrArtha meM parAjita ho jAyegA, usa pakSa ko sadA ke liye anahilapurapattana ke vizAla gurjara rAjya kI sImAoM se bAhara calA jAnA hogaa| jo pakSa vijayI hogA vahI gurjara rAjya kI sImAoM meM raha sakegA, isa paNa ke sAtha donoM pakSoM ke bIca vikrama saMvat 1181 kI vaizAkha zuklA pUrNimA ke dina pATana meM cAlukya rAja siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjasabhA meM zAstrArtha prArambha huA / strI mukti ke prasaMga ko lekara ina donoM mahAn tAkikoM meM paraspara vAda huaa| digambarAcArya zrI kumudacandra ne apane pakSa ko rakhate hue gambhIra svara meM kahA :-"kisI bhI prANI kI strI bhava meM mukti nahIM ho sktii| strI vastutaH tuccha sattvA arthAt nirbala hotI hai| saMsAra meM jitane bho tuccha sattva vAle prANI haiM, unakI mukti nahIM ho sakatI / isakA sAkSAt udAharaNa hai bAlaka, nissatva yuvA puruSa aura abalA nArI / ina saba tathyoM ke AdhAra para maiM apanA pakSa rakhatA hUM ki tuccha sattvA athavA abalA hone ke kAraNa strI kI usI bhava meM mukti kadApi nahIM ho sktii|" digambarAcArya zrI kumudacandra dvArA isa prakAra apane pakSa ke prastuta kiya jAne para zvetAmbarAcArya devasUri ne isake viparIta apanA pakSa rakhate hue ghanaravagambhIra svara meM kahA :--'pauruSapuja puruSoM ke samAna hI strI bhI mahAsattvA hoto hai aura mahAsattvA hone ke kAraNa strI bhI usI bhava meM mukta ho sakatI hai| isakA pramANa zAstroM meM upalabdha hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI mAtA marudevI ne apane strI bhava meM hI mukti prApta kii| pravartamAna avasapiNI kAla meM sarvaprathama mukta hone vAlI strI mAtA marudevI hI hai, yaha sarvajJa praNIta zAstroM meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai| mere mitra digambarAcArya zrI kumudacandra ne jo yaha hetu rakhA hai ki strI tuccha sattvA prANI hotI hai isaliye mukti meM nahIM jA sakatI kyoMki tuccha sattva vAle jitane bhI prANI haiM ve usI bhava meM mokSa nahIM jA sakate jisa prakAra ki bAlaka aura strii| digambarAcArya dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA yaha tarka nitAnta nirAdhAra aura tathyavihIna hai| pratyakSa dekhate haiM ki striyAM mahAsattvazAlinI hotI haiN| isakA sAkSAt pramANa hai vizAla gurjara rAjya kI rAjamAtA mahAdevI mynnllmaa| mahAsatI sItA, mAtA kuntI, subhadrA, Adi mahAsattvazAlinI nArI ratnoM ke atula sAhasa aura anupama zaurya ke prAkhyAna na kevala hamAre dharmazAstroM meM hI, apitu anyAnya dharmoM ke prAmANika rUpa se prasiddha pArSagranthoM meM bhI par3e haiM / kyA hamArI isa nyAyavAdinI rAjyasabhA meM koI eka bhI aisA vyakti hai jo sItA, kuntI Adi mahAsatiyoM aura gurjara rAjya kI rAjyamAtA mayallamA ko tucchasattvA siddha karane kI ghRSTatA karane ko udyata ho / maiM samajhatA hUM ki mere mAnanIya mitra zrI kumudacandra bhI isa prakAra kA dussAhasa nahIM kara sakate / jahAM taka strI mukti kA prazna hai--marudevI mAtA kI mukti kA Adarza udAharaNa hamAre dharmazAstroM meM spaSTa rUpa se usI prakAra dekhA jA sakatA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa-2 ] vAdidevasUri [ 301 hai jisa prakAra se darpaNa meM apanA mukha / jahAM taka bAlaka kI mukti kA prazna hai bAlaka atimuktaka sAdhu ne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ziSyatva svIkAra kara mukti prApta kii| yaha hamAre dharmazAstroM meM suspaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / isake sAtha hI yaha dekhA gayA hai ki aneka striyAM to puruSoM kI apekSA bhI atyadhika mahAsattvazAlinI hotI haiN| mahAsattvazAlinI hone ke kAraNa hI ananta-ananta striyAM atIta meM mukti ko prApta kara cukI haiN| vartamAna meM bhI paMcamahAvideha kSetroM meM mukta hotI haiM aura ananta bhaviSyat kAla meM bhI ananta-ananta striyAM strI bhava meM hI mokSa ko prApta karatI rheNgii| merA yaha pakSa na kevala sabala yuktiyoM se hI apitu zAstroM dvArA bhI samyag rUpa se suspaSTataH paripuSTa hai|" . digambarAcArya kumudacandra ne apane pratipakSI devasUri dvArA rakhe gaye pakSa ko vitatha siddha karane kI koI sabala yukti na dekha rAja sabhA ke samakSa prazna kiyA :-- "kyA kahA ? kyA kahA ?" mahAvAdI devasUri ne dUsarI bAra punaH apane pakSa ko usI rUpa meM rakhA / isa para bhI digambarAcArya ne phira kahA :-"kyA kahA ? kyA kahA ?" isa para devasUri ne siMha garjana ke samAna ghanaravagambhIra ucca svara meM apane pakSa ko tIsarI bAra punaH rAjya sabhA ke samakSa prastuta kiyaa| tIsarI bAra devasUri dvArA apane pakSa ke prastuta kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI usakA koI samIcIna uttara mastiSka meM na Ane para kiMkartavyavimUr3ha kI bhAMti kumudacandra ne kahA :-"mere prativAdI ke isa kathana ko kaTitra (paTTa athavA paTTI) meM likha diyA jAya / " pramukha nirNAyaka, rAjasabhA ke sabhAsad maharSi utsAha ne mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ke abhivAdanapUrvaka sabhAsadoM ko sambodhita karate hue nirNAyaka svara meM kahA :- "digambarAcArya zrI kumudacandra kI vANI vastutaH mudrita arthAt gUMgI ho gaI pratIta ho rahI hai / zvetAmbarAcArya zrI devasUrI ne digambarAcArya zrI kumudacandra para zAstrArtha meM vijaya prApta kara lI hai|" mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne maharSi utsAha ke kathana aura sabhI sabhAsadoM kI mukhamudrA se abhivyakta abhimata kA anumodana karate hue tatkAla devasUri ko vijayI ghoSita kiyA aura zrI kezava ko jayapatra likhane kA Adeza diyaa| cAlukya rAja ke Adeza kA tatkAla pAlana kiyA gayA aura mahArAjAdhirAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne svayaM apane hAtha se vaha jayapatra devasUri ko samarpita kiyaa| jayapatra lete hue saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM para samabhAva rakhane vAle devasUri ne cAlukyarAja se nivedana kiyA :-"mahArAja ! zAstrArtha meM vAdI kI parAjaya hI
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________________ 302 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 usake liye sabase bar3A apamAna hai / isaliye aba digambarAcArya kumudacandra kA kisI kI ora se kiMcitmAtra bhI tiraskAra nahIM kiyA jAya / " siddharAja jayasiMha ne kahA :- " maharSin ! Apake udAra pradeza ke anusAra hI saba kucha kiyA jAyagA / " devasUri kI adbhuta vAdazakti, unake tarka kauzala aura prakANDa pAMDitya para apAra harSa prakaTa karate hue siddharAja jayasiMha ne eka lAkha svarNamudrAtroM kA tuSTidAna devasUri ko pradAna karanA cAhA kintu devasUri ne vipula dravyadAna ko asvIkAra karate hue kahA :- "rAjan ! hama nirgrantha nispRha sAdhutroM ke liye dravya kA sparza karanA taka niSiddha hai / " tadanantara devasUri rAjA evaM rAjasabhA se vidA le apane anuyAyiyoM ke vizAla jana samUha ke bIca apane upAzraya kI ora prasthita hue / cAlukyarAja ke Adeza se rAjakIya ThATa-bATa ke sAtha vividha vAdya yantroM ke ghoSa ke bIca rAjyasabhA ke sabhAsad jayaghoSa karate hue mahotsavapUrvaka devasUri ko unake upAzraya taka pahuMcAne gaye / do mahAn AcAryoM ke bIca hue isa zAstrArtha ke samaya kalikAla sarvajJa ke viruda se vibhUSita zrI hemacandrAcArya bhI upasthita ye / ' unhoMne devasUri kI isa vijaya ke upalakSya meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM apane udgAra abhivyakta kiye : yadi nAma kumudacandra nAjeSyad devasUrirahimaruciH / kaTiparidhAnamadhAsyat katamaH zvetAmbaro jagati / / 251 / / arthAt yadi mahApratApI devasUri kumudacandra ko parAjita nahIM karate to isa AryadharA para kyA koI zvetAmbara apanI kaTi para vastra dhAraNa kara sakatA thA ? isa vijaya ke upalakSa meM zrI udayaprabhasUri ne bhI apane nimnalikhita udgAra abhivyakta kiye : bheje'vakIriNatAM nagnaH kIrtikanthAmupArjayan / tAM devasUrirAcchidya taM nirgranthaM punarvyadhAt // arthAt kIrtti rUpI kanthA ko upArjita kara nagna AcArya kumudacandra ne apanI nagnatA ko DhaMka liyA kintu devasUri ne usa kIrti kanthA kI dhajjiyAM ur3Akara punaH use pUrNataH nagna banA diyA / prabandha cintAmariNa 108 - 106
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________________ pra sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUri [ 303 merutuGgasUri Adi aneka granthakAroM ne devasUri kI isa vijaya para apane harSodgAra abhivyakta kara isa ghaTanA ko eka aitihAsika ghaTanA kA rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| prabandha cintAmaNi ke ullekhAnusAra svayaM rAjA jayasiMha zAstrArtha meM vijayI devasUri ko apanI rAjyasabhA se unake upAzraya taka pahuMcAne pUre rAjakIya ThATa-bATa ke sAtha gayA thA / ' aMcalagacchIya purAtana prAcArya zrI merutuGga dvArA vikrama saM0 1361 meM racita 'prabandhacintAmaNi' ke ullekhAnusAra anahilapura pattana kI rAjasabhA meM mahArAjA siddharAja jayasiMha kI vidyamAnatA meM hue zAstrArtha meM devasUri dvArA digambarAcArya jaba parAjita kara diyA gayA to cAlukyarAja ne parAjita hue digambarAcArya kumudacandra ko prAsAda ke apadvAra (kUkarA bArI) se bAhara nikalavA diyA aura isa ghora apamAna evaM parAjaya ke duHkha ke pariNAmasvarUpa usakA hRdaya phaTa gyaa| aura vaha tatkAla ihalIlA samApta kara paraloka ko prayANa kara gyaa| prabandhacintAmaNi kA etadviSayaka vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai : "atha prathamameva 'vAcastato mudritA' iti svayaM paThitamiti svayamapazabdaprabhAvAttadA tu prAdurbhUtamukhamudraH / zrI devAcAryeNa nirjito'hamiti svayamuccaran zrI siddharAjena' parAjitavyavahArAdapadvAreNApasAryamANaH saMbhavatparAbhavAvirbhAvAdahadvisphoTaM prApya vipede|"2 AcArya merutuGga dvArA racita prabandha cintAmariNa se 27 varSa pUrva dRbdha kiye gaye prabhAvakacaritra meM ullekha hai ki devasUri ke nivedana para siddharAja jayasiMha ne unake nirdeza ko zirodhArya karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA ki parAjita hue kumudacandra ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra kA apamAnajanaka athavA abhadra vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jaayegaa| isake pUrva hI prabhAvakacaritra meM yaha spaSTa ullekha kara diyA gayA hai ki digambarAcArya kumudacandra vastutaH mahArAja jayasiMha ke mAtAmaha arthAt rAjamAtA mayaNaladevI ke pitA karNATakezvara jayakezI ke guru the| isI kAraNa rAjamAtA mayaNaladevI kA jhukAva bhI zAstrArtha se pUrva kumudacandra kI ora hI thA / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM aura vizeSataH rAjamAtA mayaNaladevI kI vidyamAnatA meM tathA devasUri ke samakSa pattanAdhIza dvArA yaha svIkAra kara liye jAne para ki parAjita kumudacandra ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra kA apamAnajanaka vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jAyagA, merutuga prAcArya dvArA kiye gaye "siddha narezvara ne kumudacandra ko apadvAra se niklvaayaa|" 1. prabandha cintAmaNi, pRSTha 111 2. prabandha cintAmaNi, pR0 111 3. vahI, pRSTha 108
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________________ 304 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 isa ullekha kI prAmANikatA vastutaH vicAraNIya ho jAtI hai| prabandha cintAmaNi se pUrva kI racanA prabhAvaka caritra meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki rAjyasabhA meM hue zAstrArtha meM devasUri se parAjita ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI kumuda candrAcArya ne devasUri se apanI parAjaya kA pratizodha lene meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kora kasara nahIM rakhI / usane mantra-tantra bala kA sahArA le devasUri ke upAzraya meM rAtri ke samaya cUhoM kI eka senA-sI utpanna kara unake ziSyoM tathA svayaM unake vastroM tathA aodhA Adi dharmopakaraNoM kI kevala kutarana mAtra avaziSTa rkhii| prAtaHkAla cUhoM kI isa lIlA ko dekhakara zramaNoM ne devasUri ko cUhoM dvArA kI gaI dhvaMsa lIlA dikhAI / eka kSaNa mauna raha kara devasUri ne kahA-"acchA ! vaha digambarAcArya hama sabako bhI svayaM kI bhAMti nagna karanA cAhatA hai|" unhoMne apane ziSya ko Adeza dekara lavaNa se bharA eka ghar3A maMgavAyA aura eka kapar3e se usa ghaTa kA mukha acchI taraha bAMdha diyaa| usa ghar3e ko abhimantrita kara upAzraya ke ekAnta sthAna meM eka ora rakhavA diyaa| tadanantara devasUri ne apane zramaNasamUha ko Azvasta karate hue kahA-"Apa loga kisI prakAra kI cintA na kreN| kucha hI ghaTikAoM ke andara eka bar3A kautuka hone vAlA hai| unheM zIghra hI jJAta ho jAyagA ki unake dvArA kiye gaye apakAra kA kitanA kar3avA phala unheM mila rahA hai|" namaka se pUrNa ghaTa ko abhimantrita kara eka ora rakhe pauna prahara bhI vyatIta nahIM huA thA ki digambarAcArya kumudacandra ke zrAvaka sAMjali zISa jhukAye devasUri ke samakSa upasthita hue aura karuNa svara meM prArthanA karane lage :-"bhagavan ! kRpA kara hamAre guru ko bhISaNa bAdhA se mukta kara do|" devasUri ne digambarAcArya ke upAsakoM se prazna kiyA-"mere una bandhu ko kyA bAdhA ho gaI hai, kisa prakAra kA kaSTa ho gayA hai / mujhe batAyo / " isa prakAra sthiti se nitAnta anabhijJa hone kA abhinaya-sA karate hue devasUri ne spaSTa rUpa se una upAsakoM ko kaha diyA ki kumadacandra AcArya kI bAdhA ke viSaya meM unheM kucha jJAta nahIM hai| hatAza ho digambarAcArya ke upAsaka maTha kI ora lauTa gaye / Der3ha prahara bItate-bItate prAcArya kumudacandra svayaM apane ziSya samUha ke sAtha devasUri ke samakSa upasthita hue / devasUri ne unheM bAhupAza meM Abaddha kara apane asina para biThAyA aura bar3e mRdu svara meM unase pUchA- "mere bhAI ! tumheM kisa prakAra kI pIr3A hai ? mujhe jJAta kraao|" kamadacandra AcArya ne anunaya bhare-vinamra svara meM kahA :--"Apa mujha para itanA pragAr3ha krodha mata karo / mujhe pIr3A se mukta kro| mujhe nirodha kI pIr3A se vimukta karo anyathA vAyu aura mUtra ke nirodha ke kAraNa sunizcita hai ki merI kucha hI kSaNoM meM mRtyu ho jaaygii|"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUri [ 305. kumudacandra ke isa prakAra ke dIna vacana sunakara devasUri ne kahA :-"prApa apane ziSya parivAra sahita zIghra hI mere upAzraya ke bAhara jAkara Thahariye / maiM kucha upAya karatA huuN|" - devasUri kA isa prakAra kA Adeza prApta hote hI prAcArya zrI kumudacandra apane upAsaka parivAra sahita upAzraya ke bAhara jAkara Thahara gye| una saba ke udara vAyu se ota-prota mazaka kI taraha phUle hue the| una sabake bAhara jAte hI devasUri ne apane eka ziSya ko Adeza dekara namaka se bharA huA ghaTa maMgavAyA aura usameM bAMdhe hue vastrakhaNDa ko dUra haTA usake mukha ko khulA kara diyaa| tatkAla digambarAcArya aura unake ziSya varga kA nirodha dUra ho gayA / aura pracura mAtrA meM pravAhita hue unake mUtra pravAha ko dekhakara sabhI upasthita darzaka AzcaryAbhibhUta ho utthe| nirodha ke dUra hote hI kumudacandra aura unake ziSya varga ko asIma zAnti kA anubhava huaa| kintu kumudacandra apane parAbhava ke zoka se santapta hokara pATana se usI prakAra adRzya ho gaye jisa prakAra ki amAvasyA kI rAtri meM candra / devasUri kI vijaya aura vidvattA se prasanna ho siddharAja jayasiMha, jo unheM eka lAkha svarNa mudrAeM tuSTidAna ke rUpa meM denA cAhate the, usa rAzi ke devasUri dvArA asvIkAra kiye jAne ke anantara apane mantriyoM ke parAmarza se unhoMne bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA eka vizAla mandira usa dhana-rAzi ke vyaya se bnvaayaa| vikrama samvat 1183 meM devasUri ne anya tIna prAcAryoM ke sAtha usa mandira meM bhagavAn AdinAtha kI mUrti kI pratiSThA kii| ... devasUri ke adbhuta atizaya aura pratApa kA ullekha karate hue prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne likhA hai ki eka samaya devasUri apane saMgha ke sAtha pippalavATaka nAmaka vikaTa vana meM vihAracaryA karate hue jA rahe the| usa samaya eka bhUkhA kezarI siMha ghora garjanA ke sAtha chalAMga bharatA huA saMgha kI ora bar3hA / devasUri ne tatkAla Age bar3hakara pRthvI para eka rekhA khIMca dI aura siMha tatkAla jisa aora se AyA thA usI ora lauTa gayA, aura saMgha ne Age kI ora vihAra kiyaa| hirU prANiyoM se saMkula usa bhISaNa nirjana vana meM lambe vihAra ke kAraNa bAlaka evaM vaddha vaya ke jo aneka saMta saMgha meM sAtha the, ve bhakha aura pyAsa se pIr3ita evaM kliSTa ho utthe| usa nirjana vana meM na to unakI bhUkha aura pyAsa ko zAnta karane kA hI koI upAya thA aura na ve kSudhA tRSAtura bAla-vRddha santa Age kI ora bar3hane meM hI sakSama raha gaye the / isa prakAra kI saMkaTApanna sthiti meM apane AzritoM kI pIr3A se dravita ho devasUri ne ekAgra mana se zAsaneza kA smaraNa kiyaa| yaha dekhakara sabhI ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra na rahA ki pIche kI ora se eka vizAla
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________________ 306 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sArtha unakI ora A rahA hai / sUrirAT aura santa vRnda ke darzana karate hI sArthavAha ne zakaToM, azvoM, USTroM, gajoM aura rathAdi vividha vAhanoM ko roka kara vahIM par3Ava DAlA aura eSaNIya azana pAnAdi se santa vRnda ko pratilAbhita kara prabhUta puNya kA upArjana kiyaa| isa prakAra prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekhAnusAra devasUri ke atizaya se saMgha para AyA huA eka prANApahArI parISaha tatkSaNa dUra ho gyaa| prAcArya zrI devasUri ne pramANa nayatatvAloka kI ratnAkarAvatArikA nAma kI TokA ke grantha ratna kI racanA kara jinazAsana ke nyAya zAstra ke bhaNDAra kI ullekhanIya zrIvRddhi kii| isa prakAra apane pAMDitya, tarka bala aura prAtma bala se jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kara prAcArya devasUri ne vikrama samvat 1226 ke zrAvaNa kRSNA saptamI guruvAra ke dina aparAhna meM bhadrezvara sUri ko apanA uttarAdhikArI prAcArya niyukta kara apanI 83 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara saMlekhanA saMthArApUrvaka samAdhi maraNa kA varaNa kara svargArohaNa kiyaa| 83 varSa kI apanI pUrNa Ayu meM se Apa 6 varSa taka gRhavAsa meM, 22 varSa taka sAdhAraNa zramaNa paryAya meM aura 52 varSa taka prAcArya pada para rhe| devasUri ko jaina vAGmaya meM sarvatra vAdI viruda se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| unako vAdI kA viruda kisane pradAna kiyA isa sambandha meM prabhAvaka caritra ke nimnalikhita do zlokoM se spaSTataH yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kI sabhA meM devasUri se parAjaya svIkAra karate hue svayaM prativAdI digambarAcArya kumudacandra ne rAja sabhA ke samakSa devasUri ko mahAn vAdI ke viruda se vibhUSita kiyA thaa| ve zloka isa prakAra haiM : azaknuvanniti pratyuttare devagurostataH / savailakSyamathAhasmAnuttaraH sa digaMbaraH // 236 / / mahArAja ! mahAn vAdI devAcAryaH kimucyte| rAjAha vada nistandraH kathayiSyAmi vismRtam / / 237 / / devasUri aura digambarAcArya kumudacandra ke bIca zAstrArtha kitane dina calA, isa sambandha meM prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| etadviyaka prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekha ko dekhane se pAThaka ko yahI pratIta hotA hai ki sambhavataH zAstrArtha kevala eka dina hI calA aura vaha bhI kucha hI ghaTikA paryanta / isake viparIta AcArya merutugasUri ne vikrama samvat 1361 kI apanI aitihAsika kRti prabandha cintAmariNa meM likhA hai :
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUri [ 307 .........siddharAjasabhyeSu niSedhapareSvapi aprameyaprameyalaharIbhistaM pramANAmbhodhau majjayitu prArabdhe Sor3aze dine Akasmike devAcAryasya kaNThAvagrahe mAntrikaiH zrI yazobhadrasUribhiratulyakurukullAdevI prasAdalabdhavarestatkaNThapIThAtkSaNAkSapaNakakRtakArmaNAnubhAvAt kezacaNDukaH pAtayAMcakre / taccitranirIkSaNAccaturaiH zrI yazobhadrasUriH zlAghyamAnaH, kumudacandrazcAmandaM nindyamAnaH pramodaviSAdau dadhAte / ........ ti....."atha prathamameva vAcastato mudritA iti svayaM paThitamiti svayamapazabdaprabhAvAttadA tu prAdurbhUtamukhamudraH zrIdevAcAryeNa nijito'hamiti svayamuccaran zrI siddharAjena parAjitavyavahArAdapadvAreNApasAryamANaH saMbhavatparAbhavAvirbhAvAdudvisphoTaM prApya vipede / / ' _ 'prabandha cintAmaNi' ke ukta ullekha meM "prArabdha SoDaze dine" isa pada ke prayoga se yaha bhalI-bhAMti siddha ho jAtA hai ki apane samaya ke una do mahAn prAcAryoM ke bIca pATana kI rAjya sabhA meM jo zAstrArtha huA, vaha solaha dina claa| ina donoM prAcAryoM ke bIca hue zAstrArtha ke samaya kalikAla sarvajJa viruda vibhUSita zrI hemacandra sUri bhI rAjasabhA meM upasthita the, yaha tathya bhI prabandha cintAmariNa meM spaSTa zabdoM meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| jo isa prakAra hai : "yuvayo: ko vAdIti pRcchan, zrI devasUribhistannirAkaraNAyAyaM bhavataH prativAdItyabhihite kumudacandraH prAha / mama vRddhasyAnena zizunA saha ko vAda iti taduktimAkAhameva jyAyAn bhavAneva zizuH yo adyApi kaTIdavarakamapi nAdatse nirvasanaM ca / itthaM rAjJA tayovitaNDAyAM niSiddhAyAmitthaM paNabandho mithaH samajani parAjitaiH zvetAmbaraidigambaratva* maMgIkAryam / " arthAt devasUri aura hemacandrAcArya ko eka Asana para rAjyasabhA meM baiThe dekhakara digambarAcArya kumudacandra ne prazna kiyA :-"tuma donoM meM se vAdI kauna hai ? "devasUri ne prAcArya hemacandra kI ora iMgita karate hue kahA :-"Apake prativAdI ye prAcArya hemacandra haiM / "isa para prAcArya kumudacandra ne vyaMga-hAsyapUrvaka kahA :"isa zizu ke sAtha mujha jaise vayovRddha kA zAstrArtha vastutaH eka adbhut prasaMga hI hai|" pratyutpannamati AcArya hemacandra ne prAcArya kumudacandra kI bAta sunate hI tatkAla kahA :-"mahAnubhAva ! Apase to maiM bar3A hI hN| mere samakSa to abhI 1. prabandha cintAmaNiH pRSTha 110 va 111 .
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________________ 308 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 vastutaH Apa hI zizu haiM kyoMki Apane to abhI taka kaTipaTa to dUra kaTisUtra ( karaNakatI athavA kandorA ) taka bhI dhAraNa nahIM kiyA hai, zizuvat nitAnta nagna hI haiM / " prAcArya hemacandra ke prasaMgopAtta isa uttara se rAjya sabhA meM aTTahAsa gUMja uThA / mahArAja jayasiMha ne tatkAla sabhyoM ko zAnta karate hue donoM pakSoM se isa bAta kA paraNa karavAyA ki yadi zvetAmbara zAstrArtha meM parAjita ho jAeM to digambaratva svIkAra kara leM aura yadi digambara parAjita ho jAeM to ve paTTaNa rAjya kI sImA se bAhara deza tyAga kara cale jAeM / " AcArya kumudacandra aura devasUri ke bIca hue isa zAstrArtha kI aitihAsikatA ko digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / 'jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa' dvitIya bhAga meM isake lekhaka zrI paramAnanda zAstrI ne isa sambandha meM likhA hai : " prastuta kumudacandra ve haiM, jinakA gujarAta ke jayasiMha siddharAja kI sabhA meM vikrama samvat 1981 meM zvetAmbarIya vidvAn vA disUri deva ( vAdidevasUri ) ke sAtha vAda huA thA / " vAdidevasUri ke jIvana vRtta ko "prabhAvaka caritra" aura "prabandha cintA - maraNa" ke AdhAra para yathAtathya rUpa se prastuta karane ke pIche hamArA ekamAtra lakSya yahI hai ki jinazAsana ke prati pragAr3ha prIti aura niSThA rakhane vAle pratyeka pAThaka ko purAtana kAla kI jaina saMghoM kI sthiti kA bhalI-bhAMti paricaya prApta ho jAya ki usa samaya samAja meM viSAkta vAtAvaraNa evaM pArasparika vidveSa kisa prakAra apanI parAkASThA ko pAra kara cukA thA / isI prakAra ke vidveSapUrNa vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa jinazAsana kI jo ghAtaka kSati huI hai, bhaviSya meM usakI punarAvRtti na ho / inake prAcAryakAla meM vikrama samvat 1204 meM kharataragaccha, vikrama samvat 1213 meM aMcala gaccha, vikrama samvat 1226 meM sArddhapaurNamIyaka gaccha utpanna hue / inake svargastha hone ke anantara vikrama samvat 2150 meM Agamika gaccha utpanna huA / zrI vAdidevasUri bar3a gaccha ( vRhad gaccha ) ke mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya the / Apake guru zrI municandrasUri mahAn tapasvI the / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM municandrasUri ko zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA cAlIsavAM paTTadhara batAyA gayA hai / isa paTTAvalI meM Apake bar3e guru bhrAtA prajita devasUri ko isI paTTAvalI meM prabhu mahAvIra kA ikatAlIsavAM paTTadhara batAyA gayA hai / Apake guru municandrasUri ke guru bhrAtA candraprabhasUri ne vikrama samvat 1946 meM paurNamIyaka gaccha kI sthApanA kI /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadharaM kAla khaNDa 2 ] vAdidevasUri [ 306 upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara gariNa dvArA racita svopajJa vRtti samalaMkRta 'tapAgaccha paTTAvalI sUtram' meM Apake sambandha meM nimnalikhita ullekha upalabdha hotA hai : tathA zrI municaMdrasUriziSyAH zrI ajitadevasUri vAdizrI devasari prabhRtayaH / / tatra vAdi zrI devasUribhiH zrImadaraNahillapurapattane jayasiMha devarAjasyA'nekavidvajjanakalitAyAM sabhAyAM caturazItivAdalabdhajayayazasaM digaMbaracakravartinaM vAdalipsu kumudacaMdrAcArya vAde nijitya zrIpattane digaMbarapravezo nivArito'dyApi pratItaH / / tathA vi0 caturadhikadvAdazazata 1204 varSe phalavadhigrAme caitya biMbayoH pratiSThA kRtA / tattIrtha tu saMpratyapi prasiddhaM / / tathA ArAsaNe ca zrI neminAthapratiSThA kRtaa| caturazItisahasra 84000 pramANaH syAdvAdaratnAkaranAmA pramANagranthaH kRtaH / / yebhyazca yannAmnaiva khyAtimat caturvizati sUrizAkhaM babhUva / eSAM ca vi0 catustriMzadadhike ekAdazazata 1134 varSe janma, dvipaMcAzadadhike 1152 dIkSA, catuH saptatyadhike 1174 sUripadaM, SaDviMzatyadhikadvAdazazata 1226 varSe zrAvaNa vadi saptamyAM 7 gurau svargaH / / 1 / / upAdhyAya zrI ravivarddhanagariNa dvArA racita 'paTTAvalI sAroddhAra' meM bhI zrI devasUri aura unake guru zrI municandrasUri ke sambandha meM isI se milatA-julatA nimnalikhita ullekha hai : "(40) zrI yazobhadrasUri zrI nemicandrasUripaTTa catvAriMzattamaH zrI municandrasUriH / / sa ca yAvajjIvaM sauvIrapAyI pratyAkhyAtasarvavikRtika: anekAMtajayapatAkApaMjikopadezapadavRtyAdikartA, tArkikaziromariNaH saMvat 1178 varSe svrgbhaag| atra ca saMvat 1156 varSe paurNamiyakamatotpattiH tatpratibodhAya ca zrI municandrasUribhiH pAkSikasaptatiH kRtA / ___ tathA zrI municandrasUriziSyaH zrI vAdidevasUristaiH zrImadaNahillapurapattane zrI siddharAja jayasiMhasabhAyAM vAde kumudacandrAcArya nirjitya zrI pattananagare digaMbarapravezo nivAritaH tathA saM0 1204 varSe phalavaddhigrAme caityabiMbayoH pratiSThA kRtAH tathA prArAsaNe ca zrI neminAthapratiSThAkRtA, tathA 84000 pramANaH syAdvAdaratnAkara nAmA pramANagraMthaH kRtaH, saca vAdidevasUriH saMvat 1216 varSa svargabhAga / tasmin samaye zrI devacandrasUriziSyaH trikoTigranthakartA zrI hemacandrasUriH tasya ca saMvat 1145 varSe janma saM0 1150 varSe vrataM saM0 1166 varSe sUripadaM saM0 1226 varSe svargagatiH / / 4 / / 1. paTTAvalI samuccayaH pRSTha 55
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________________ __ 310 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 (41) zrImuni candra sUripaTTe ekacatvAriMzattamaH "zrI ajitadeva sUriH " // 41 // (paTTAvalI samuccayaH pRSTha 153 va 154) 'vRhadgaccha gurvAvalI' meM vAdidevasUri ko ikatAlIsavAM paTTadhara aura Apake guru zrI municandrasUri ko cAlIsavAM paTTadhara batAyA gayA hai| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke uparyullikhita uddharaNa meM devasUri ke nAma se caubIsa zAkhAeM prasiddha hone kA ullekha hai| usa ullekha se aura vRhad gaccha gurvAvalI meM municandrasUri ke pazcAt unake paTTadhara vAdidevasUri kA nAmollekha hone tathA tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM municandrasUri ke pazcAt unake paTTadhara ke rUpa meM ajitadeva sUri kA ullekha hone se spaSTataH yaha pramANita hotA hai ki municandrasUri ke pazcAt unake bar3e ziSya zrI ajitadevasUri aura unake dUsare ziSya vAdidevasUri se do bhinna-bhinna zAkhAeM pracalita huiiN| vRhadgaccha gurvAvalI' meM isa gaccha ke ikatAlIsaveM paTTadhara vAdidevasUri ke pazcAt bayAlIsaveM paTTadhara se lekara aDasaThaveM paTTadhara taka jo paTTadharoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM, ve upAdhyAya dharmasAgara gaNi dvArA racita 'tapAgaccha paTTAvalI' meM ullikhita ikatAlIsaveM paTTadhara se lekara aThThAvanaveM paTTadhara taka ke nAmoM se nitAnta bhinna haiN| isase bhI yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki municandra ke ziSyoM se do bhinna-bhinna zAkhAeM pracalita huiiN| 1. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha (paM0 zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja kRta) pRSTha 131 va 232 / 2. vahI, pRSTha 144 se 155 .
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________________ mahAn vRttikAra prAcArya malayagiri AcArya malayagiri vIra nirvANa kI satrahavIM tadanusAra vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke eka mahAn vRttikAra prAcArya hue haiN| apanI lagabhaga eka lAkha 66 hajAra 600 se bhI adhika zloka pramANa kI vRttiyoM meM Apane apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai / apanI kRtiyoM ke anta meM "davApi malayagiriNA siddhi tenAznutAM lokaH / " "yadavApi malayagiriNA sAdhujanastena bhavatu kRtI / " "jIvAjIvAbhigamaM vivRNvatA vApi malayagiriha / kuzalaM tena labhantAM, munayaH siddhAnta sadbodham / " isa paricaya ke atirikta malayagiri ne aura koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai / zrI malayagiri dvArA nirmita grAgama granthoM para nimnalikhita vRttiyAM vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM : nAma grantha 1. bhagavatI sUtra dvitIya zataka vRtti 2. rAjapraznIyopAMga TIkA 3. jIvAbhigamopAMga TIkA 4. prajJApanopAMga TIkA 5. candra prajJaptyupAMga TIkA 6. sUryaprajJaptyupAMga TIkA 7. nandIsUtra TIkA 8. vyavahArasUtravRtti 6. vRhatkalpapIThikA vRtti (pUrNa) 10. grAvazyakavRtti (apUrNa) 11. piDaniyukti TIkA 12. jyotiSkaraMDa TIkA 13. dharmasaMgrahaNI vRtti 14. karmaprakRtivRtti 15. paMcasaMgrahavRtti zloka pramANa 3750 3700 16000 16000 6500 6500 7732 34000 4600 18000 6700 5000 10000 8000 18850
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________________ 5000 312 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ( 16. paDazItivRtti 2000 17. saptatikA vRtti 3780 18. vRhatsaMgrahaNI vRtti 5000 16. bRhatkSetrasamAsa vRtti 6500 20. malaya girizabdAnuzAsana ina upalabdha vRttiyoM ke atirikta prAcArya malayagiri dvArA apanI jina kRtiyoM kA nAmollekha to apanI kRtiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai kintu vartamAna meM ve grantha anupalabdha haiM, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM : prAcArya malayagiri kI anupalabdha kRtiyAM 1. jambUdvIpa prajJapti TIkA 2. aogha niyukti TIkA 3. vizeSAvazyaka TIkA 4. tatvArthAdhigama sUtra TIkA 5. dharmasAraprakaraNa TIkA 6. devendra narendra prakaraNa TIkA AcArya malayagiri kisa gaNa gaccha athavA kula ke zramaNottama the, isa sambandha meM, pramANAbhAva meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Apane apanI kRti malayagirizabdAnuzAsana ke prArambha meM "evaM kRtamaMgalarakSAvidhAnaH paripUrNamalpagrantha laghupAya: prAcArya malaya giriH zabdAnuzAsanamArabhate / " isa prakAra likhakara yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki ve eka zramaNa paramparA ke AcArya pada para adhiSThita the| yadyapi inhoMne apanI eka bhI kRti meM apane samaya kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai tathApi ApakI eka kRti AvazyakavRtti meM Apane yaha likhakara "tathA cAhuHstutiSu guravaHanyonyapakSapratipakSabhAvAd, yathA pare matsariNaH pravAdAH / nayAnazeSAnavizeSamicchan, na pakSapAtI samayastathA te / / apane samaya ke sambandha meM spaSTa-rUpeNa prakAza DAla diyA hai| .
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] malayagiri [ 313 yaha kArikA AcArya hemacandra kI " anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA" kI hai / prAcArya hemacandrasUri ke prati "gurava:" isa prati sammAnapUrNa zabda ke prayoga se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa kara diyA hai ki kalikAla sarvajJa ke viruda se vibhUSita prAcArya hemacandrasUri ke ve samakAlIna prAcArya the, hemacandrasUri ke prakAMDa pAMDitya kA una para gaharA prabhAva thA aura ve unakA guru ke samAna Adara karate the / AcArya malayagiri dvArA grAgama granthoM para nirmita ina prati mahattvapUrNa TIkAoM se pratyeka vijJa ke mana mastiSka para unake prati gahana talasparzI prakAMDa pAMDitya kI chApa spaSTa rUpeNa aMkita ho jAtI hai| unakI zailI meM praur3hatA prAMjalatA aura prAsAdikatA prasphuTita -sI hotI pratIta hotI hai / AcArya malayagiri kI upalabdha evaM anupalabdha lagabhaga do-DhAI lAkha zloka parimANa kRtiyoM se prabhAvita ho vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke granthakAra zrI jina maMDanagaNI ne apanI kRti " kumArapAla prabandha" meM prAcArya malayagiri ke sambandha meM eka camatkArika ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai / usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki prAcArya hemacandrasUri ne apane muni jIvanakAla meM guru kI prAjJA prApta kara apane se bhinna gacchIya devendrasUri evaM malayagiri ke sAtha vidyAoM meM niSNAtatA prApta karane ke uddezya se gauDa pradeza kI ora vicaraNa kiyA / apane lakSya sthala kI ora bar3hate hue ina tInoM ne "khillUra" nAmaka grAma meM eka rugNa sAdhu ko dekhA / una tInoM muniyoM ne usa roga grasta sAdhu kI bhalI-bhAMti sevA suzrUSA kI / eka dina usa vyAdhigrasta sAdhu ne raivataka tIrtha ( giranAra ) kI yAtrA karane kI una tInoM muniyoM ke samakSa apanI utkaTa abhilASA vyakta kI / rugNa sAdhu kI icchApUrti hetu hemacandra, devendra aura malayagiri ina tInoM sAdhuoM ne grAmavAsiyoM ko samajhA-bujhAkara DolI kI vyavasthA kI / tadanantara ve tInoM Avazyaka kAryoM se nivRtta ho rAtri ke samaya yathAsamaya so gaye / prAtaHkAla jaba una tInoM muniyoM kI nidrA bhaMga huI to yaha dekhakara unake Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA ki ve giranAra parvata para baiThe hue haiM / usI samaya zAsanAdhiSThAtrI devI ne unake samakSa upasthita hokara kahA :- "Apa tInoM muniyoM kI paropakAra vRtti zlAghanIya hai / Apa tInoM ke abhIpsita kArya yahIM niSpanna ho jAeMge | aba Apako anyatra kahIM jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / " tadanantara una tInoM muniyoM ko aneka mantra auSadhiyAM yAdi pradAna kara zAsananAyikA devI tirohita ho gaI / tadanantara una tInoM ko guru ne siddhacaka mantra diyA / unhoMne usa mantra kI ArAdhanA - sAdhanA kI / unakI ArAdhanA se prasanna ho mantra ke adhiSThAtA vimalezvara deva ne una tInoM ko icchAnusAra vara mAMgane ko kahA / hemacandrasUri ne rAjA ko pratibodha dene kA, devendrasUri ne eka hI rAtri ke andara kAntinagarI se mandira uThAkara serisaka grAma meM pratiSThApita karane kA aura malayagiri ne jaina siddhAntoM kI vRttiyAM nirmANa karane kA vara mAMgA / vimalezvaradeva unheM yathepsita varadAna dekara antardhAna ho gayA /
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________________ 314 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 deva ke varadAna se zAstroM kA pAragAmI vidvAn banane aura una para TIkAtroM kA nirmANa karane kI kSamatA prApta ho sakatI hai athavA nahIM yaha to svayaM vijJoM ke vicAra kA viSaya hai / adbhuta pratibhA ke dhanI medhAvI manasvIjana kaThina se kaThinatara kArya ko sampanna karane meM saphalakAma hote haiM to jana sAdhAraNa dvArA isa prakAra kI kalpanA kA kiyA jAnA prAyaH sahaja hI ho jAtA hai ki usa mahApuruSa kI pITha para kisI daivI zakti kA varada hasta thA / mahAmanasvI prAcArya malaya giri ne pAgama sAhitya para vIsa vRttiyoM kA nirmANa kara mumukSutroM ke sAdhanApatha ko vastutaH prazasta kiyA hai| unake isa mahAn kArya ke liye jaina jagat unakA cirakAla taka kRtajJa rhegaa|
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________________ prAcArya abhayadeva maladhArI prAcArya maladhArI 'abhayadeva' vikrama kI vArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha se lekara pazcimArddha ke prathama dazaka taka kI bIca kI avadhi ke eka mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiM / Apa kauTika garaNa ke praznavAhana kula kI madhyama zAkhA ke harSapurIya nAmaka gaccha ke yazasvI prAcArya the / uttaravartI kAla ke katipaya apuSTa ullekhoM ke anusAra prApakA vihAra-kSetra ati vizAla thaa| . Apake janmakAla, janma sthAna, mAtA-pitA, kula evaM dIkSAkAla ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlane vAlI adyAvadhi koI sAmagrI upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Apa harSapurIya gaccha ke prAcArya jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya the| Apake praziSya zrI zrIcandrasUri dvArA racita muni suvrata caritra kI prazasti ke ullekhAnusAra gurjarezvara siddharAja Apake tyAga aura tapa se atyanta prabhAvita hokara Apake prati pragAr3ha zraddhA bhakti rakhatA thaa| ApakA tyAga ucca koTi kA thaa| apane samaya ke zramaNa varga meM vyApta zithilAcAra ke unmUlana aura sva para ke kalyAraNa ke uddezya se Apane vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara apane vastroM kI saphAI kI aura zarIra taka kI bhI saphAI kA dhyAna denA chor3a diyA / phalataH ApakA zarIra aura pApake vastra mala arthAt maila se vivarNa ho gye| Apa kI isa prakAra kI nispRhatA, ApakI apane zarIra aura vastroM ke prati isa prakAra kI nirmamatva bhAvanA se prabhAvita hokara gurjarAdhipati siddharAja jayasiMha ne Apako maladhArI kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA / kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki prApako maladhArI kI upAdhi gurjarezvara siddharAja ne nahIM, apitu unake pUrvavartI rAjA karNa ne dI thii| itihAsavidoM ne paripuSTa aitihAsika AdhAroM para gurjarezvara karNa kA zAsanakAla vikrama samvat 1126 se 1151 taka kA aura siddharAja kA rAjyakAla vikrama samvat 1151 se 1200 taka kA mAnA hai / maladhArI prAcArya abhayadevasUri kA prAcArya kAla vikrama samvat 1135 se 1160 ke lagabhaga taka kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se yadi abhayadevasUri ne prAcArya pada para adhiSThita hote hI vikrama samvat 1135 ke AsapAsa snAna, vastra-prakSAlana Adi kI usa samaya ke bhaTTAraka caityavAsI prAdi paramparAmoM ke sAdhu varga meM pracalita zithilAcAra pUrNa pravRtti kA parityAga kara vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana prArambha kara diyA ho to bahuta sambhava hai ki gurjarezvara mahArAja karNa ne unakI isa tyAga vRtti se prabhAvita ho unakI maila malAkIrNa dehayaSTi ko dekhakara unheM maladhArI kA viruda pradAna kara diyA ho / yadi unhoMne vikrama samvat 1151 ke pazcAt apanI dehayaSTi .
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________________ 316 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 aura vastroM kI ora se apanA dhyAna haTAkara AdhyAtma rasa meM lIna ho zAstrokta vidhi se vizuddha zramaraNAcAra kA pAlana karanA prArambha kiyA ho to mahArAjA siddharAja dvArA bhI isa upAdhi ke diye jAne kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / astu / maladhArI kI upAdhi cAhe mahArAjA karNa ne dI ho athavA mahArAjA siddharAja ne para yaha to sunizcita hai ki unake samaya ke gurjarezvara ne unake pUrva tyAga se prabhAvita hokara bhaktivaza isa prakAra kI padavI pradAna kI / Apake praziSya muni zrIcandra dvArA racita muni suvrata caritra prazasti ke anusAra mahArAjA siddharAja prApake prati aura Apake ziSya maladhArI hemacandra AcArya ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA rakhatA thA / ukta prazasti ke ullekhAnusAra maladhArI abhayadevasUri ne saMlekhanApUrvaka 47 dina kA anazana kiyaa| Apake anazana ke samAcAra sunakara mahArAjA siddharAja Apake darzanArtha ajamera meM upasthita huye the / " zrI jaina dharma vidyA prasAraka varga pAlItAnA " kI ora se prakAzita jaina itihAsa nAmaka pustaka ke ullekhAnusAra Apane aneka rAjAoM ko pratibodha diyA / 41 dina kA anazana pUrNa hone para Apake bhautika zarIra kI zmazAnayAtrA meM ajamera nagara kA nivAsI pratyeka AbAla vRddha umar3a pdd'aa| zava yAtrA sUryodaya ke samaya prArambha huI kintu sthAna-sthAna para umar3atI bhIr3a ke kAraNa dina ke pichale prahara meM zavayAtrA zmazAna meM pahuMcI / agni saMskAra ke anantara unake bhautika zarIra kI avaziSTa bhasma ko lene ke lie ajamera aura usake AsapAsa ke nAgarika umar3a par3e / logoM ke mana meM isa prakAra kI dhAraNA ghara kara gaI thI ki ina mahAn tyAgI yogIzvara kI bhasmI se sabhI prakAra ke roga zAnta ho jAveMge / phalataH bhasmI ke samApta ho jAne para logoM ne unake dAha saMskAra sthala kI miTTI taka ko khoda-khodakara le jAnA prArambha kara diyA aura vahAM eka gaharA gaDDhA taka bana gayA / "maladhArI abhayadevasUri ke pArthiva zarIra kI na kevala bhasma hI apitu unake dAha saMskAra sthala kI miTTI taka loga khoda-khoda kara le gaye aura usa sthAna para eka gaharA gaDDhA ho gayA / " jaina vAMgmaya ke isa ullekha se yahI pratibhAsita hotA hai ki jana-jana ke mAnasa meM unake prati pragAr3ha prAsthA evaM aTUTa zraddhA bhakti thI / usa samaya ke jaina-ajaina sabhI loga samAna rUpa se unheM apane yuga kI mahAn vibhUti, mahAn yogI aura mahApuruSa samajhate the / isase yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki unhoMne apane tyAga aura tapa se jana-jana ke mana para apane pavitra jIvana kI amiTa chApa aMkita kara dI thI / unake maladhArI viruda se spaSTataH yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki unakI pravRttiyAM pUrNataH antarmukhI ho gaI thIM / apane vastra aura zarIra taka kI upekSA kara unhoMne apane Atma deva ko satyaM zivaM sundaraM kA svarUpa pradAna karane kI aTala pratijJA kara lI thii| apane samaya ke zramaraNa varga kI bahirmukhI, lokaiSaraNA paraka vRttiyoM kA pUrNataH parityAga kara eka mAtra adhyAtma paraka vizuddha zramaNAcAra ko apane jIvana meM Apane sAkAra rUpa se DhAla liyA thA /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] abhayadeva maladhArI [ 317 unake isa tyAga-tapopUta antarmukhI jIvana kA unake ziSyavRnda para aura upAsaka tathA upAsikAvRnda para pragAr3ha prabhAva pdd'aa| yahI kAraNa thA ki unake svargastha ho jAne ke anantara bhI unake viruda ke nAma vAlI maladhArI paramparA zatAbdiyoM taka svapara ke kalyANa meM nirata aura lokapriya rahI / isa prakAra ke apane yuga ke mahAn adhyAtma yogI maladhArI abhayadevasUri ke jIvana kI aneka mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM ke sambandha meM abhI gahana zodha kI paramAvazyakatA hai / AzA hai zodhapriya vidvadvanda isa dizA meM avazyameva prayAsa kreNge|
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________________ maladhArI prAcArya hemacandrasUri prAcArya maladhArI hemacandrasUri vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke eka mahAn prabhAvaka, rAjamAnya, mahApuruSa aura mahAn granthakAra prAcArya hue haiN| unhoMne svahasta likhita jIva samAsa vRtti ke anta meM apanA thor3A-sA paricaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM diyA hai : "granthAgra 6627 / samvat 1164 caitra zudi 4 some'dyeha zrImadaNahilapATa ke samastarAjAvali virAjita mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara zrImajjayasiMha devakalyANavijayarAjye evaM kAle pravartamAne yamaniyamasvAdhyAyadhyAnAnuSThAnarataparama naiSThikapaMDita zvetAmbarAcArya bhaTTAraka zrI hemacandrAcAryaraNa pustikA li0 zrI0 / " arthAt-Aja sambat 1164 kI caitra zuklA 4 somavAra ke dina yahAM praNahillapura paTTaNa nagara meM apane samasta sAmantoM se sevita mahArAjAdhirAjaparamezvara-zrImAn jayasiMhadeva ke kalyANakArI, vijayazrI sampanna rAjya kAla meM yama-niyama-svAdhyAya, dhyAna, anuSThAna meM nirata parama naiSThika paMDita zvetAmbara AcArya bhaTTAraka zrI hemacandrAcArya ne yaha pustikA likhii| prazasti ke isa ullekha se yaha eka navIna tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki digambara AmnAya kI bhaTTAraka paramparA kI bhAMti zvetAmbara AmnAya meM bhI bhaTTAraka viruda kA prayoga AcAryoM ke nAma ke pUrva meM kiyA jAtA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki digambara paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM se apane Apako bhinna batAne ke uddezya se hemacandrAcArya ne apane nAma se pUrva zvetAmbarAcArya-bhaTTAraka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| prAcArya maladhArI hemacandra vastuta: praznavAhana kula kI madhyama zAkhA ke harSapurIya gaccha ke AcAryazrI maladhArI abhayadevasUri ke pramukha ziSya evaM paTTa the| prAcArya abhayadevasUri mahAn tapasvI evaM parama kriyAvAdI samyag AcAra sampanna zramaNa zreSTha the| unake zarIra para aura vastroM para mala dekhakara praNahillapura paTTaNAdhIza mahArAja jayasiMha ne unheM maladhArI viruda se vibhUSita kiyA / 'yathA gurustathA ziSyaH' isa sUkti ke anusAra AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne bhI apane zarIra aura vastra ke prakSAlana ko ora kabhI koI dhyAna nahIM diyA / isI kAraNa apane guru kI bhAMti ve bhI jIvana bhara maladhArI viruda se abhihita kiye jAte rhe| ..
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 316 maladhArI prAcArya hemacandrasUri ke tIna pramukha ziSya the, vijayasiMha, zrIcandra aura vibudhacandra / unameM se zrIcandra unake paTTadhara AcArya hue| prAcArya zrIcandra ne apanI kRti "muni suvrata caritra" kI prazasti meM apane guru maladhArI hemacandrasUri kA aura apane dAdA guru maladhArI abhayadevasUri kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai :"apane saumya, projasvI evaM tejasvI svabhAva se zreSTha puruSoM ke hRdaya ko Anandita karane vAle kaustubha maNi ke samAna zrI hemacandrasUri maladhArI AcArya abhayadevasUri ke pazcAt hue / hemacandrasUri apane samaya ke eka samartha pravacana pAragAmI vyAkhyAtA the / "viyAha paNNatti" (bhagavatI zataka) jaisA vizAlakAya Agama to unheM apane nAma kI bhAMti kaNThastha thaa| unhoMne apane adhyayana kAla meM mUla AgamoM, bhASyoM evaM Agamika granthoM ke sAtha-sAtha vyAkaraNa, nyAya, sAhitya Adi aneka viSayoM kA talasparzI adhyayana kiyA thaa| unakA rAjAoM, amAtyoM evaM prajA ke sabhI vargoM para bar3A prabhAva thA / ve jina zAsana kI prabhAvanA ke kAryoM meM gaharI ruci lete the| unake antastala meM saMsAra ke prANimAtra ke liye karuNA kA sAgara taraMgita rahatA thaa| ghanarava gambhIra svara meM jisa samaya ve pravacanAmRta kI varSA karate the, usa samaya jina bhavana ke bAhara khar3e rahakara bhI loga unake usa upadezAmRta kA rasAsvAdana karate rahate the| ve vyAkhyAnalabdhi sampanna the| ata: unake zAstrIya vyAkhyAna ko sunakara manda mati vAle loga bhI sahaja hI bodha prApta kara lete the| upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA jaise durUha grantha para apane zraddhAlu bhaktoM kI prArthanA para Apane lagAtAra tIna varSa taka pravacana diye / ApakI sarasa sugama vyAkhyAna zailI se upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA Apake samaya meM bar3I lokapriya ho gii| Apane aneka granthoM kI racanA kI / anta meM apanA antima samaya nikaTa samajha kara maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne apane svargastha guru abhayadevasUri kI hI bhAMti AlocanApUrvaka saMlekhanA saMthArA svIkAra kiyaa| Apake guru abhayadevasUri ne 47 dina kA anazana kiyA thA aura Apane 7 dina kA / rAjA siddharAja svayaM ApakI zavayAtrA meM sammilita huA thA, jabaki Apake guru abhayadeva kI zavayAtrA kA dRzya rAjA siddharAja ne apane mahaloM se hI dekha liyA thaa|" maladhArI hemacandrasUri ke jIvana se sambandhita jo thor3e bahata upari variNata tathya upalabdha hote haiM, unameM saMbhavataH zodhArthiyoM ke liye, itihAsa-gaveSakoM ke liye bar3I mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI chupI par3I pratIta hotI hai| gurjareza siddharAja jayasiMha ne maladhArI hemacandrasUri ke guru prAcArya abhayadevasUri ko maladhArI kI upAdhi dii| isase pratyeka vijJa ke antarmana meM sahaja hI yaha jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki unake samaya meM bar3I saMkhyA meM jo zramaNa vidyamAna the, unameM se kevala abhayadevasUri ko hI maladhArI kI upAdhi se siddharAja jayasiMha ne kyoM vibhUSita kiyA ? kyA abhayadevasUri ko chor3a zeSa saba zramaNa apane zarIra ko aura apane vastroM ko pUrNataH svaccha evaM nirmala athavA mala vihIna rakhate the? yadi vibhinna zramaNa paramparAoM ke sabhI
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________________ 320 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 zramaNa apane zarIra aura vastroM ko maila se Acchanna rakhate the to gurjareza ne kevala abhayadevasUri ko hI "maladhArI" ke viruda se kyoM vibhUSita kiyA ? hemacandrasUri dvArA racita "jIva samAsa kI vRtti" ke anta meM .......... evaM kAle pravartamAne yamaniyamasvAdhyAyadhyAnAnuSThAnarataparamanaiSThika paMDita-zvetAmbarAcArya-bhaTTAraka zrI hemacandrAcAryeNa pustikA likhitA zrI0" isa vAkyAMza ko par3hakara pratyeka satyAnveSI ke antarmana meM yaha jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki hemacandrasUri ne isameM apanA paricaya dete hue-zvetAmbarAcArya-bhaTTAraka zrI hemacandrAcAryeraNa isa pada dvArA apane Apako jo zvetAmbara bhaTTAraka batAyA hai, isake pIche kyA koI rahasya to nahIM chupA huA hai ? isa grantha mAlA ke tRtIya puSpa meM aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt caityavAsI paramparA, digambara bhaTTAraka paramparA, zvetAmbara bhaTTAraka paramparA, jisakA avazeSa zrIpUjya ke rUpa meM adyAvadhi vidyamAna hai, Adi aneka dravya paramparAeM astitva meM AIM aura unakA varcasva uttarottara bar3hatA hI gyaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM ina uparilikhita tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para aisI AzaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki maladhArI prAcArya abhayadevasUri kahIM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke hI AcArya na rahe hoN| varddhamAnasUri dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra evaM eka prakAra kI dharmakrAnti ke sUtrapAta ke anantara jo dezavyApI dharma jAgaraNa kI lahara taraMgita ho uThI thI aura aneka AtmArthI zramaNoM ne dravya paramparAoM kA parityAga kara vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karanA prArambha kara diyA thA, usI prakAra kahIM bhaTTAraka abhayadevasUri ne bhI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke AcAra-vicAra kA parityAga kara dazavaikAlika sUtra meM variNata vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karanA prArambha nahIM kara diyA thA ? dazavaikAlika meM zramaNacaryA kA etadviSayaka ullekha isa prakAra hai : uddesiyaM kIyagaDaM niyAgamabhihaDAriNa y| rAibhatte siNANe ya gaMdha malle ya vIyaNe // 2 // sannihI gihImatte ya rAyapiMDe kimicche| saMvAhaNA daMta pahoyaNA ya saMpuccharaNA deha paloyaraNA ya / / 3 / / ina gAthAoM ko par3hakara kahIM abhayadevasUri ne bhI bhaTTAraka paramparA meM pracalita snAna vastra prakSAlana Adi kA parityAga kara apane zarIra aura vastroM ko dhonA banda na kara diyA ho| apane zarIra aura vastroM kI sudha-budha bhulA vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pAlana meM nirata abhayadevasUri ke zarIra para, vastroM para maila kA jamanA svAbhAvika hI thaa| abhayadevasUri ke dhUli dhUsarita maila bhare gAtra aura vastroM ko dekha kara hI siddharAja jayasiMha ne unheM maladhArI ke viruda se abhihita karanA prArambha kara diyA ho /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 321 ina tathyoM ko prastuta karane ke pIche hamArA yaha kiMcitmAtra bhI kahane kA uddezya nahIM hai ki prAcArya abhayadevasUri (maladhArI) aura unake ziSya prAcArya hemacandrasUri dravya paramparA kahI jAne vAlI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prAcArya the| ina saba tathyoM ko rakhane ke pIche hamArA yahI uddezya hai ki prAcArya abhayadevasUri mUlataH bhaTTAraka paramparA meM dIkSita hue the kintu kriyoddhAra ke mAdhyama se utpanna huI dharma jAgati kI lahara ne unake antarmana meM vizaddha zramaNAcAra kI paripAlanA kI lalaka udbhUta kI aura unhoMne dravya paramparA kahI jAne vAlI bhaTTAraka paramparA meM rahate hue hI kriyoddhAra kiyA aura bhaTTAraka paramparA meM bane rahakara usake dravya paramparA svarUpa ko bhAva paramparA ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA ho / pramANAbhAva meM isa viSaya meM sunizcita rUpa se to kucha kahane kI sthiti aAja nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM gahana zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| gahana zodha ke anantara isa anumAna kI puSTi athavA virodha meM tathyoM kI upalabdhi hone para hI sunizcita abhimata abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| grAzA hai ki zodhapriya itihAsavettA isa viSaya meM zodha kara vAstavika tathya ko samAja ke samakSa prastuta karane kA prayAsa kreNge|
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________________ 324 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 arthAt pUrNimA pakSa rUpI kamalinI ko apane upadeza rUpI zItala kiraNoM se praphullita kara dene vAle evaM samasta zAstroM ke talasparzI jJAtA zrI candra gaccha rUpI sAgara ko apanI zubhra chaTA se udvelita kara dene vAle candraprabhasUri sadA jayavanta rheN| Agamika gacchIya paTTAvalI ke nAma se jo yaha pUNimA gaccha kI pAvalI dI gaI hai, isameM pUrNimA gaccha kA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla paramparA se sambandha batAyA gayA hai| isameM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara sudharmA svAmI se lekara candrasUri taka ke paTTadharoM ke nAmollekha ke pazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki candrasUri se candragaccha kA prAdurbhAva huaa| candragaccha meM aneka prabhAvaka AcArya hue| kAlAntara meM candragaccha vRhadgaccha ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA / usa vRhadgaccha meM jayasiMhasUri hue| jayasiMhasUri ne candraprabhasUri ko prAcAryapada pradAna kiyaa| inhIM candraprabhasUri ne AgamAnusArI vidhimArga kA uddhAra kiyaa| Apane pUrNimA ke sthAna para jo caturdazI ko pAkSika pratikramaNa karane kI prathA paramparA se calI A rahI thI, usake sthAna para pUrNimA ko pAkSika pratikramaNa karane vAle pUrNimA gaccha kI sthApanA kI / isa sambandha meM uparyukta paTTAvalI meM nimnalikhita zlokoM dvArA candraprabhasUri kI mukhya mAnyatAoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai : baMdhaH puNyeSu naivopadhiSu suvidhiSu sthApanaM no jineSu, zrAddhasvAnteSu nitya sthiti sacitapuragrAmagoSTheSu naiva / tRSNA jJAnAmRteSu praNatajana puraskAra saukhyeSu naiva, sarvajJokteSvapekSA na ca dhaniSu munisvAminA yena cakre // 28 // kailAzaM dazakaNThavat girivaraM govarddhanaM viSNuvat, kSoNimAdivarAhavadgurudhuraMdhaureya vRddhokSavat / yo'nyairdurddharamuddadhAra vidhivat pakSaM vidhe/radhIH, - zrIcandraprabha sUriradya bhavatAM bhadrAya bhUyAt prabhuH / / 26 // arthAt puNya kA bandha upadhiyoM meM nahIM, jina bimba kI sthApanA meM nahIM suvidhi meM-arthAt prAgamoktA vidhi ke anusAra kriyA karane meM hai| apanI indriyoM ko antarmukhI karanA hI zrAvaka kA lakSaNa hai, bahirmukhI karanA nhiiN| tRSNA kA zamana jJAnAmRta se hI sakatA hai| logoM ke namaskAra se utpanna hone vAle sukha se nhiiN| pratyeka mokSArthI ko sarvajJa vItarAga prabhu ke vacana kI hI apekSA rakhanI cAhiye, na ki dhaniyoM kI / isa prakAra kI ghoSaNA caMdraprabhasUri ne kii| jisa prakAra kailAsa ko rAvaNa ne, govarddhana ko kRSNa ne, pRthvI ko AdivarAha ne eka dhurA dhaureya vRSabha kI bhAMti apane Upara dhAraNa kara liyA, usI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] paurNamIyaka gaccha [ 325 prakAra candraprabhasUri ne vidhi mArga kA bhAra vahana kara usakA uddhAra kara diyaa| jo ki kisI anya ke vaza kA kArya nahIM thaa| aise ve candraprabhasUri saba kA kalyANa kreN| pUrNimA pakSa ke saMsthApaka tadanusAra pUrNimA pakSa ke prathama prAcArya candraprabhasUri ne caturdazI ko pAkSika pratikramaNa kI mAnyatA vAle aneka prAcAryoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyaa| unameM se pAMca prAcAryoM ko apane mata meM dIkSita kiyaa| ___candraprabhasUri ke prAcAryapada para AsIna hone se pUrva jaina dharmasaMgha meM mUttiyoM kI pratiSThA kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara prAyaH niyamita rUpa se sAdhuoM dvArA hI kI jAtI thiiN| usa samaya taka suvihita paramparA ke vibhinna gacchoM meM bhI anumAnataH caityavAsI paramparA dvArA pracalita ko gaI pratiSThAvidhiyoM kA hI pracalana thaa| AcArya zrI pAdaliptasUri dvArA nirmita pratiSThAvidhi meM pratiSThAcArya ko sadhavA striyoM ke hAthoM abhyaMga Adi karavAne ke anantara bahumUlya sundara vastra pahanAne tathA kara meM svarNa kaMkaNa aura svarNa kI aMgUThI pahanAne kA vidhAna hai / ataH suvihita paramparA meM bhI pratiSThAcArya ko sundara vastra, kara meM svarNa kaMkaraNa aMguli meM svarNa kI mudrikA pahanAne kA pracalana rhaa| candraprabhasUri ne ise zramaNAcAra se nitAnta viruddha evaM anAgamika siddha karate hue eka navona krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA ki jina bimba kI pratiSThA sAdhu ke dvArA nahIM, apitu zrAvaka ke dvArA hI karavAI jAnI caahiye| ise lekara candraprabhasUri kA cAroM ora se ghora virodha huaa| caturdazI ko pAkSika pratikramaNa karane vAloM kI, cautha ko sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karane kI paramparA ko mAnane vAloM kI saMkhyA bhI atyadhika thii| isa kAraNa candraprabhasUri kA ghara aura bAhara arthAt suvihita paramparA ke vividha gacchoM ke prAcAryoM evaM caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke dvArA bhI ghora virodha hyaa| isa prakAra ke prabala virodha kA sAhasapUrvaka sAmanA karate hue candraprabhasUri ne paurNamIyaka gaccha kA pracAra prasAra aura vistAra kiyaa| prAcArya zrI candraprabhasUri dvArA paurNamIyaka gaccha kI sthApanA kiye jAne ke samaya taka araNahillapura paTTaNa ke saMgha para caityavAsI paramparA kA hI varcasva thaa| usa samaya taka caityavAsI paramparA paryApta rUpa se sazakta thI tathA use rAjyAzraya bhI prApta thA isa kAraNa bhI candraprabhasUri ko bahuta samaya taka apanI mAnyatAoM ke pracAra ke liye caityavAsiyoM evaM suvihita paramparA ke aneka sugaThita evaM sazakta gacchoM kI ora se kar3e virodha kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| AcAryazrI zrIcandasUri, zrI jinaprabhasUri aura varddhamAnasUri ne bhI caityavAsI paramparA kI pratiSThAvidhi meM ullikhita-"vAsukinirmokala dhunI pratyagravAsasI dadhAnaH karAMgulI vinyastakAJcanamudrikaH, prakoSThadezaniyojita kanakakaMkaNaH,
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________________ 328 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 uparilikhita tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI pratIta hotA hai ki paurNamIyaka gaccha kI utpatti ke pIche bhI bahuta bar3A kAraNa kriyoddhAra kA hI rahA hai| sarvajJapraNIta jinAgamoM meM pragAr3ha AsthA rakhane vAle zramaNottamoM ne caityavAsiyoM ke caramotkarSa kAla meM zramaNAcAra meM praviSTa hue zithilAcAra ko dUra karane ke liye samaya-samaya para aneka bAra kriyoddhAra kiye / usI kriyoddhAra kI prakriyA meM paurNamIyaka mata kI utpatti huii| vikrama samvat 1146 meM bar3agaccha kI paTTAvalI ke anusAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 40veM paTTadhara (muni sundarasUri dvArA racita gurvAvalI paTTa paramparA 'sUrinAmAni'-ke anusAra 41veM paTTadhara)' municandrasUri ke gurubhrAtA candraprabhasUri ne prAcAryoM athavA muniyoM dvArA jina-pratimA kI pratiSThA kiye jAne kA virodha karate hue ghoSaNA kI ki pratiSThA karavAnA vastutaH muniyoM kA kArya nahIM hai, zrAvakoM kA kartavya hai / AcArya candraprabha kI isa mAnyatA kA bar3agaccha ke prAcArya evaM anuyAyiyoM ne kar3A virodha kiyA / isa virodha ke pariNAmasvarUpa prAcArya candraprabha ne bar3agaccha kA parityAga kara sthAna-sthAna para apanI mAnyatA kA pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kiyA / candraprabha AcArya bhI apane samaya ke eka udbhaTa vidvAn aura yazasvI granthakAra the| jaina saMgha meM sAdhuoM dvArA kI jAne vAlI pratimA pratiSThA kI prakriyA athavA paripATI kA virodha karate hue prAcArya candraprabha ne kahA :-"pratiSThA karavAnA sAdhuoM kA kArya nahIM hai kyoMki pratiSThA karavAnA vastutaH dravyastava hai, isameM puSpoM, sacitta jala Adi se pratiSThA karavAI jAtI hai, jo sAdhu ke paMca mahAvratoM meM se prathama ahiMsA mahAvrata ke nitAnta pratikUla hai|" svalpa samaya meM hI prAcArya candraprabha ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA meM grANAtIta abhivRddhi huI aura vikrama samvat 1156 meM unhoMne pUrNimA ko hI pAkSika pratikramaNa karane, paMcamI ko sAMvatsarika parva manAne evaM mUtti kI pratiSThA muni na kare, zrAvaka kare, ina mAnyatAoM ke sAtha paurNamIyaka gaccha kI sthApanA kii| ina tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki prAcArya candraprabha ne kriyoddhAra to vikrama samvat 1146 meM kiyA, kintu vidhivat apane pRthak gaccha "paurNamIyaka gaccha" kI sthApanA unhoMne kriyoddhAra ke dasa varSa pazcAt vikrama samvat 1156 meM kii| paurNamIyaka gaccha kI sthApanA ke sambandha meM tapAgacchIya paTTAvaliyoM meM nimnalikhita Azaya kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai : . "zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cAlIsaveM paTTadhara zrI yazobhadrasUri aura zrI nemicandrasUri nAmaka do vidvAn prAcArya hue| nemicandrasUri ne apane . 1. paTTAvalI samuccaya, pRSTha 34, muni darzana vijayajI
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________________ paurNamIyaka gaccha [ 326 guru bhrAtA upAdhyAya vinayacandra ke ziSya municandra ko prAcArya pada ke sarvathA suyogya samajhakara apanA uttarAdhikArI paTTadhara ghoSita kiyA / municandrasUri ne vAdi vaitAla zAntisUri ke pAsa pramANa - zAstra kA adhyayana kiyA / zAntisUri apane 32 ziSyoM ko nyAya ( pramANa ) zAstra kA adhyayana karavA rahe the, usa samaya municandrasUri ne bhI bar3e dhyAna ke sAtha zAntisUri dvArA dI gaI vAcanAoM ko sunA / zAntisUri dvArA una vAcanAoM ke anantara pUche gaye praznoM kA jaba unakA koI ziSya uttara na de sakA, taba municandrasUri ne zAntisUri kI anujJA se una praznoM kA bar3e hI saMtoSaprada DhaMga se uttara diyA / eka hI bAra sunI huI vAcanA ke AdhAra para municandrasUri dvArA diye gaye jaTila nyAya viSaya ke prati sundara uttara sunakara zAntisUri bar3e prabhAvita va prasanna hue aura unhoMne bar3I ruci ke sAtha municandrasUri ko nyAyazAstra kA adhyayana karavAyA / " sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] "cAlukyarAja karNa ke zAsanakAla meM zrI candraprabhasUri, municandrasUri, devasUri aura zAntisUri nAmaka cAra sAdhu eka hI guru ( upAdhyAya vinayacandra ) ke ziSya the / eka samaya zrIdhara nAmaka eka samRddhizAlI zrAvaka ne jinendraprabhu kI pratimA kI pratiSThApanA karane kA nizcaya kiyA / AcArya candraprabha ina cAroM meM bar3e the isalie vaha zrAvaka unakI sevA meM gayA aura nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan! maiM jinendraprabhu kI mUrti kI pratiSThApanA karanA cAhatA hUM / ataH prApa kRpA kara municandrasUri ko pratiSThA karane kI prAjJA pradAna kareM / " yaha sunakara zrAcArya candraprabha ke mana meM municandrasUri ke prati bar3e prabala vega se IrSyA jAgRta huii| unhoMne mana hI mana socA - " maiM dIkSA Adi kI dRSTi se municandra kI apekSA bar3A hUM / tathApi merI avamAnanA kara municandrasUri se pratiSThA karavAne kA upakrama kiyA jA rahA hai / " prakaTa meM candraprabhAcArya ne uttara diyA - "vijJa zrAvaka ! vidhipUrvaka pratiSThA karavAo / AgamoM meM kahIM bhI sAdhu dvArA pratiSThA kiye jAne kA ullekha nahIM hai / vastutaH pratiSThA kArya dravyastava kI koTi meM AtA hai / ataH pratiSThA karavAnA zrAvaka kA hI yuktisaMgata karttavya hai / sAdhu kA kadApi nahIM / " isa prakAra vikrama samvat 1946 meM candraprabhAcArya ne isa bhAMti kI prarUpaNA kI ki mUrti kI pratiSThA zrAvaka dvArA hI kI jAya, na ki muni dvArA / saMgha ne candraprabhAcArya kI upekSApUrvaka avamAnanA kI aura pratiSThA kArya muni candrasUri se hI karavAyA /
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________________ prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri vikrama kI bArahavIM-terahavIM zatAbdI meM hue prabhAvaka granthakAra evaM lokapriya jainAcAryoM meM kalikAla sarvajJa ke viruda se vibhUSita AcArya zrI hemacandra sarvAdhika lokapriya, rAjamAnya, sarvottama granthakAra evaM jina zAsana ke mahAn prabhAvaka, AcArya hue haiM / apane tyAga, tapa evaM pragalbha prakANDa pANDitya se prabhAvita apane samaya ke do pratApI rAjAdhirAjAoM ko samayocita satparAmarSa evaM loka kalyANakArI mArgadarzana dekara sva tathA jana-jana ke ihaloka aura paraloka ubhaya lokoM ko sudhArane-saMvArane vAle, samaSTi ke liye abhyudayakArI naitika, sAmAjika, cAritrika evaM dhArmika dharAtala ko abhyunnata karane vAle satkAryoM kI preraNA de jana-jana ke jIvana meM saccI mAnavIyatA ke saMskAra DhAlakara hemacandrasUri ne jinazAsana kI cirasthAyinI mahatI prabhAvanA evaM ullekhanIya sevA kii| prAcArya zrI hemacandra ke janma sthAna, janma divasa, mAtA-pitA Adi ke sambandha meM rAjagacchIya prAcArya zrI prabhAcandrasUri ne, apanI vikrama saM0 1334 kI kRti 'prabhAvaka caritra' meM aura aMcalagacchIya AcArya zrI merutuGgasUri ne vikrama samvat 1361 kI kRti 'prabandha cintAmaNi' meM paryApta prakAza DAlA hai / 'prabhAvaka caritra' ke ullekhAnusAra samRddha gurjara pradeza meM cAlukyarAja karNa ke zAsanakAla meM, dhundhukA (dhandhaka) nAmaka sundara nagara meM cAciga (cAcozAha) nAmaka moDha jAti kA zreSThi rahatA thaa| zreSThi cAciga kI dharmapatnI kA nAma pAhinI thA / zreSThipatnI pAhinI bar3I hI dharmaniSThA, patiparAyaNA evaM rUpa-lAvaNya-guraNa-sampannA ramaNIratna thii| eka samaya rAtri ke antima prahara meM suSuptAvasthA meM zreSTipatnI pAhinI ne svapna meM dekhA ki eka daidIpyamAna divya cintAmaNi ratna use prApta huA hai aura vaha usa tejopuja anamola cintAmaNi ratna ko apane ArAdhya dharmaguru ke kara-kamaloM meM samarpita kara rahI hai / svapna darzana ke tatkAla pazcAt pAhinI kI nidrA bhaga huI to usane anubhava kiyA ki usakA roma-roma pulakita ho rahA hai| usake antarhada meM anirvacanIya Ananda kA athAha sAgara uttAla taraMgoM se taraMgita evaM udvelita ho rahA hai| harSavibhora pAhinI ne zayyA kA parityAga kara locana yugala ko nimIlita karate hue paMca parameSThi namaskAra mantra kA dhyAna prArambha kiyA / usakI AMkheM banda thIM para svapna meM dikhe cintAmaNi ratna kI alaukika nayanAbhirAma sammohaka chavi usake locana yugala meM, mana meM, mastiSka meM basa cukI thI ataH use cAroM ora alaukika Aloka hI Aloka prasRta huA pratIta ho rahA thaa| ghana ghaTA ke Agamana
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri ko prathama sUcanA ke sAtha hI jisa prakAra mayUra harSonmatta ho anAyAsa hI nAca uThatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra usakA mudita mana thirakane ko mAno vyagra ho uThA hai ? mana hI mana isake kAraNa ke viSaya meM vicAra karane para use yahI lagA ki yaha saba kucha usa svapna kA hI prabhAva hai| svapna to vastuta: atIva zreSTha hai isIliye usakA antarmana Ananda se otaprota ho rahA hai / zreSTha svapna kA phala bhI zreSTha hI . honA cAhiye para kisa rUpa meM hogA yaha to jJAnI hI jaane| isa prakAra ke mRdu maMjula vicAroM ke hiMDoloM para jhalatI-jhUmatI pAhinI ko uSA kAlIna manda-manda malayAnila ke jhoMkoM ne jaise kucha smaraNa dilAyA ho, vaha uThI aura sadA kI bhAMti dainika kAryoM meM vyasta ho gaI / gRhakAryoM ko sameTate-sameTate use smaraNa ho AyA ki usake dharmaguru AcAryadeva dhandhukA nagara meM padhAre hue haiM, to vaha unheM apanA svapna sunAkara isakA phala puuchegii| una dinoM candragacchIya vidvAn AcArya zrI pradyumnasUri ke ziSya devacandrasUri dhundhukA nagara ke 'moDha vasahI' nAmaka sthAna meM virAjamAna the| prAtaHkAlIna Avazyaka kRtyoM se nivRtta ho pAhinI 'moDha vasahI' kI ora clii| prAcArya zrI devacandrasUri ke darzana vandana ke anantara pAhinI ne unheM apane svapna darzana kI bAta sunAte hue nivedana kiyA :-"prAcAryadeva ! rAtri ke avasAna kAla meM maiMne eka bar3A hI sundara svapna dekhA hai| usa svapna meM maiMne eka alaukika kAntimAna cintAmaNi ratna Apako bheMTa kiyA / bhagavan ! kRpA kara batAiye ki isa svapna kA kyA phala hogaa|" aneka vidyAoM evaM AgamoM ke pAradRzvA prAcArya zrI devacandrasUri antarvedhinI dRSTi se pAhinI ke bhAla kI ora eka kSaNa dekhakara vicAramagna ho gye| katipaya kSaNoM taka pRthvI para dRSTi gar3Ae socane ke anantara unhoMne pAhinI se kahA :"dharmaniSThe ! tuma kaustubha maNi ke samAna eka putra ratna ko janma dogI, tuma apanA vaha putra ratna mujhe pradAna karogI aura vaha jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kara usakI zobhA bddh'aaegaa|' garbhakAla pUrNa hone para pAhinI ne vikrama samvat 1145 kI kAttika zuklA pUrNimA ke dina prAcI meM rohaNagiri para ArUr3ha udIyamAna dhvAntAntakArI bAla Aditya ke samAna aruNa varNa vAle manohArI nayanAbhirAma putra ratna ko janma 1. prabandha cintAmaNikAra AcArya zrI merutuGgasUri ne pAhinI ke svapna aura devacandrasUri ke Agamana Adi kA koI ullekha na karate hue kevala yahI likhA hai :- "ardhASTamanAmani deze dhundhukka nagare zrIman moDhavaMze cAciga nAmA vyavahArI""tatsadharmacAriNI" pAhiNI nAmnI "tayoH putrazcAMgadevo'bhUt / -prabandha cintAmaNi, pRSTha 135
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________________ 336 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 bhiSekaM cakAra / / samvat 1950 varSe pauSa vada 3 zanau zravaNa nakSatre vRpalagne zrI siddharAjasya paTTAbhiSekaH / 1 7. svayaM tu prazApallI nivAsinamAzAbhidhAnaM bhillamabhiSeraNayan | karNAvatI puraM nivezya svayaM tatra rAjyaM cakre / " arthAt - cAlukya rAja karNa ne apane putra kA nAma jayasiMha rakkhA / jaba kumAra jayasiMha 3 varSa kA huA usa samaya apane samavayaska vAlakoM ke sAtha khelatA huA vizAla gurjara rAjya ke siMhAsana para isa prakAra kI prazasta mudrA meM jA baiThA mAno koI anubhavI samrAT grapane rAja siMhAsana para baiThA ho / samIpa hI baiThe hue mahArAjA karNa evaM unake mantrigaraNa ko tIna varSa jaisI svalpa vaya ke bAlaka rAjakumAra ko kuzala samrAT kI mudrA meM siMhAsana para baiThe dekha harSa mizrita Azcarya huA / pAsa hI meM baiThe nimittajJa rAja purohita ne kahA : "mahArAja ! isa samaya pratIva zreSTha muhUrtta hai / isI samaya rAjakumAra kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA jAya to Age jAkara ye zaktizAlI gurjara sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kara niSkaMTaka rAjya kareMge / ' " sabake parAmarzAnusAra mahArAja karNa ne tatkAla tIna varSa ke alpAyuSka rAjakumAra jayasiMha kA gurjara rAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para vikrama samvat 1950 kI pauSa vadi tRtIyA zanivAra ke dina vidhivat rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA / apane putra ko gujarAta ke rAja siMhAsana para AsIna kara dene ke pazcAt mahArAja karNa ne prAzApallI ke prAzA nAmaka bhillarAja ko yuddha meM parAsta kara vahAM karNAvatI nagarI basAI aura vahAM rahakara vaha apane nava saMsthApita rAjya kA zAsana karane lagA / 'prabhAvaka caritra' aura 'prabandha cintAmaNi' ina donoM vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke granthoM ke uparilikhita ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vikrama samvat 1950 meM pAMca varSa kI vaya kA bAlaka caMgadeva devacandrasUri ke Asana para aura tIna varSa kA alpAyuSka rAjakumAra jayasiMha apane pitA cAlukyarAja ke rAja siMhAsana para bAlakrIr3A karate-karate hI baiTha gaye / yaha adbhuta saMyoga kI hI bAta hai ki eka hI samaya meM do bhinna-bhinna kSetroM ke ucca pITha para AsIna hone vAle ye donoM bAlaka apane-apane kSetra meM apane samaya ke zIrSastha yugapuruSa siddha hue / kAlAntara meM kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandrasUri ke nAma se vikhyAta bAlaka caMgadeva ne do rAjAoM ko janakalyANa ke mArga para ArUr3ha kara jana-jana ke jIvana meM susaMskAra DAlakara sudIrgha kAla ke liye vistRta bhU bhAga meM pramAri kI ghoSaNAeM karavAne ke mAdhyama se gaNanAtIta pazu pakSiyoM ko abhayadAna pradAna kara aura bar3I saMkhyA meM
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 337 AdhyAtmika grantharatnoM ke sarjana ke mAdhyama se jinazAsana ke sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi kara, digdiganta meM jainadharma kI yazopatAkA phaharA kara jina zAsana kI cirasthAyinI mahatI prabhAvanA kii| dUsarI ora dUsare bAlaka rAjakumAra jayasiMha ne Age calakara siddharAja ke viruda se vikhyAta ho gurjara rAjya kI sImAeM dUra-dUra ke pradezoM taka bar3hAkara eka zaktizAlI gurjara sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kI / astu / / __ prAcArya zrI devacandrasUri ne praNAma karatI huI pAhinI kI ora varada mudrA meM apanA karatala Upara uThAte hue kahA :- "puNyazAlinI dharmaniSThe ! tumheM apane usa zreSTha svapna kA smaraNa hogA hii| Aja tuma svayaM pratyakSa dekha lo| usa mahA svapna ke mAdhyama se apane prAgamana kI pUrva sUcanA dene vAlA yaha tumhArA tejasvI bAlaka tumhAre usa nitarAM atIva sundara zreSThatama svapna ko sAkAra rUpa dene kI bhUmikA kA zabhArambha kara rahA hai| jinazAsana ke prAcArya ke isa ucca prAsana pITha para baiThA huyA yaha bAlaka na kevala tumheM aura mujhe hI apitu saMsAra ko apanI ceSTA se batA rahA hai ki vaha isa aAsana ke liye, isa pada athavA paTTa ke liye hI utpanna hanA hai / zrAvike ! tumane usa zreSTha svapna meM jisa cintAmaNi kA dAna mujhe kiyA thA vastutaH vaha cintAmaNi ratna yaha tumhArA putra hI hai| prAyo ! isa cintAmariNa ko mujhe dekara apane svapna ko sAkAra kro|" mAtA pAhinI ne devendrasUri kI bAta sunakara kahA- "bhagavan ! isa bAlaka ke pitA se hI Apa isako mAMgiye, yahI ucita hogA / ve isa samaya yahAM haiM nahIM, kAryavaza anyatra gaye hue haiN|" __ "isa bAlaka ke pitA zreSTha cAciga, mAMgane para bhI apane putra ko nahIM deNge|" isa AzaMkA se devacandrasUri asamaMjasAvasthA meM mauna rahe / lagabhaga 6 varSa pUrva dekhe gaye svapna para vicAra karate hue pAhinI ne mana hI mana socA :- "svapna ke anusAra to yaha bAlaka maiM AcAryazrI ko samarpita kara cukI huuN| adRSTa kA to sAMketika aAdeza yahI hai ki binA mAMge hI apane isa prANapriya putra ko AcAryazrI ke caraNoM meM sadA ke liye bheMTa kara duuN| ekamAtra zAsanahita kI dRSTi se aba to ye svayaM ise mAMga rahe haiN| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI vicAra kiyA jAya to dharmAcArya kA abhyarthanApUrNa Adeza dharmaniSTha upAsaka-upAsikA vRnda ke liye anullaMghanIya hotA hai / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM to mere evaM isa bAlaka ke liye vastutaH yahI zreyaskara hai ki maiM apane svapna, apane kartavya evaM zAsanahita ko dRSTigata rakhatI huI apane isa prANapriya putra kA moha tyAgakara jinazAsana kI sevA hetu ise prAcAryazrI ko sadA ke liye samarpita kara duuN| deza-videza meM vyApAra ke mAdhyama se vittopArjana dvArA ghara, parivAra aura rASTra kI samRddhi evaM sAMsArika
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________________ 338 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sukhopabhogoM ke liye bhI to gurjara pradeza kI dhIra vIra sAhasI ramaNiyAM apane prANAdhAra pati-putroM ko samudrI yAtrA hetu sadA se hI saharSa vidA karatI AI haiM, agAdha apAra sAgara ke koDa meM samarpita karatI AI haiM / aba mere pUjya dharmAcArya to jinazAsana kI sevA ke liye, paramArtha ke liye, dharmAbhyudaya ke liye mere putra kI yAcanA kara rahe haiM / ihaloka evaM paraloka ko sudhArane-saMvArane vAle isa pAramArthika punIta kArya ke liye apane putra ko samarpita karane meM to mujhe kisI prakAra kA vyAmoha aura kisI prakAra kI hicakicAhaTa nahIM honI cAhiye / " isa prakAra vicAra kara pAhinI ne apane antara meM udvelita hote hue putra-viyoga ke duHkha ko zlAghanIya utkaTa sAhasa se dabAkara apane honahAra putra caMgadeva ko apane dharmaguru devacandrasUri ke caraNoM meM sadA ke liye samarpita kara diyaa|' zrI devacandrasUri ne dulAra bhare svara meM bAlaka caMgadeva se prazna kiyA :"bolo saumya ! kyA tuma mere ziSya banoge ?' bAlaka ne madhura muskAna se vAtAvaraNa meM madhu sA gholate hue uttara diyA :-"hAM mahArAja !"2 bAlaka caMgadeva ko apane sAtha lekara devacandrasUri ne mAgha zuklA caturdazI (vikrama samvat 1150) ke dina zubha muhUrta meM dhundhukA nagara se stambha tIrtha kI ora vihAra kiyaa| vihArakrama se stambha tIrtha pahuMcane para prAcArya zrI pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM Thahare / bAlaka caMgadeva mantrIzvara evaM sAmanta udayana ke bhavana para raha samavayaska bAlakoM ke sAtha par3hane lgaa| ___ zrI devacandrasUri ke sAtha bAlaka caMgadeva ke dhundhukA se cale jAne ke katipaya dinoM pazcAta zreSTha cAcigadeva anya nagaroM meM apane vyAvasAyika kArya se nivRtta ho dhundhukA lauttaa| apane ghara Ate hI apane putra ko ghara meM idhara-udhara kahIM nahIM dekhakara cAciga ne vyagra svara meM apanI patnI se pUchA :-"caMga kahAM hai ?" pAhinI ne madhura svara meM saba vRttAnta sunAte hue apane pati se kahA ki zAsanahita aora svapna ke adRSTa saMketa ko dRSTigata rakhate hue usane usa honahAra putra ko prAcArya zrI devacandrasUri ke kara-kamaloM meM samarpita kara diyA hai| apane prANapriya ekamAtra putra ko sadA ke lie prAcAryazrI ke samarpita kiye jAne kI bAta sunakara zreSTha cAciga bar3A ruSTa huaa| putra-vichoha meM use ghara-bAra saMsAra zUnya-sA pratIta hone lgaa| usane dRr3ha svara meM--'maiM jaba taka apane lADale lAla ko dekha nahIM lUMgA, taba taka anna grahaNa nahIM kruuNgaa|" yaha kaha kara stambhatIrtha kI ora tatkAla prasthAna kara diyaa| mArga meM binA kSaNa bhara bhI vizrAma kiye vaha 1. prabhAvaka caritra, zloka saMkhyA 31, pRSTha 184 2. prabandha cintAmaNi, pRSTha 135
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa-2 ] .hemacandrasUri [ 336 stambha tIrtha pahuMcA / mArga meM zrama se thakakara cUra huaA dhUli-dhUsarita cAciga sIdhA devasUri ke pAsa upAzraya meM gyaa| krodhAtireka se usakA mukhamaNDala tamatamA rahA thaa| bhAvAvezavazAt zvAsocchvAsa kI gati tIvra ho jAne ke kAraNa usake nathune phUla uThe the| isa prakAra krodhAbhibhUta klAnta cAciga ne kevala kulAgata saMskAravazAt grIvA ko thor3A-sA jhukA AcAryazrI ko namana kiyaa| prathama dRSTi-nipAta meM hI devendrasari ne mukhAkRti se cAciga ko pahacAna kara sudhAsikta zAnta vacanoM se usake krodha kA zamana kara diyaa| khambhAta (stambha tIrtha) kA sAmanta mantrI udayana bhI usa samaya AcAryazrI kI sevA meM baiThA huA thaa| cAciga ke sAtha AcAryazrI ke sambhASaNa ke prathama vAkya se hI udayana ne tAr3a liyA ki navAgantuka honahAra bAlaka caMgadeva kA janaka zreSThi cAciga hI hai| __ avasarajJa mantrIzvara udayana ne AcAryazrI ke caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakha uThane kA upakrama karate hue AcAryazrI se nivedana kiyA--"prAcAryadeva ! mujhe ApakI sevA meM upasthita hue paryApta samaya ho gayA hai / mana to cAhatA hai ki aharniza ina caraNoM kI sevA meM ho rahUM kintu bAlaka caMgadeva bar3I utkaNThA se merI pratIkSA kara rahA hogA / ye dharmabandhu bhI bar3I dUra se Aye hue zrAnta se pratIta hote haiN| ye bhI mere sAtha calakara azana-pAnAdi ke anantara apanI thakAna dUra kara leNge| prAcAryazrI kI AzIrvAda mudrA meM mauna sammati dekhakara mantrivara udayana ne dhUli-dhUsarita parizrAnta evaM klAnta mukha cAciga zreSThi ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :-"sammAnanIya dharmabandhu ! Aiye, apane svadharmI bandhu kI jhauMpar3I ko bhI pavitra kara diijiye|" zreSThi cAciga ne eka bAra devacandrasUri ke mukha maNDala kI ora aura tadanantara udayana kI aora dRSTi nikSepa kara anubhava kiyA ki AcAryazrI ke mukhamaNDala para athAha asIma zAMti kA sAmrAjya jhalaka rahA hai aura udayana kI prabhAvapUrNa mukhamudrA se Antarika AgrahabharI manuhAra / zreSThi cAciga uThA aura aba kI bAra pUrNa zraddhA se nata mastaka ho AcAryazrI ko praNAma karane ke anantara mantrI udayana ke sAtha upAzraya se prasthita huaa| . upAzraya ke bAhara paira rakhate hI yaha dekhakara zreSThi cAciga ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA ki bar3e-bar3e rAjyAdhikArI apanA-apanA vAma kara apane vakSasthala para rakhe AjAnuzISa jhukA kara dakSiNa kara se pRthvI tala kA sparza karate hue, usake Age-Age calate hue bhadra puruSa ko ati vinamra mudrA meM praNAma kara rahe haiN| visphArita nayana yugala se cAciga yaha dekha hI rahA thA ki sahasA zvetavarNa ke hRSTapuSTa jAtIya azvoM se vAhita eka bar3I hI sundara bagghI usake samakSa upasthita huii| jAmunI raMga kI makhamala meM jarI ke kAma kA Anakha-zikha paridhAna pahane bagghI
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________________ 340 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vAhaka ne vidyutvega se nIce utara usI vinayAvanata mudrA meM usa bhadra puruSa kA abhivAdana karate hue bagghI kA dvAra kholaa| sahasA bhadra puruSa ne pIche kI ora mur3akara zreSThi cAciga kA karAvalambana kara use bagghI meM eka uccAsana para AsIna kiyA aura svayaM bhI cAciga ke vAma pArzva meM usI uccAsana para ArUr3ha ho gayA / dvAra banda kara rathI ne ghor3oM kI rAsa sambhAlI aura usake eka hI iMgita para bagghI ko liye AThoM azva pavana ko bhI pIche Dhakelate hue rAjapatha para sarapaTa daur3ane lge| cAciga ne dekhA-rAjapatha ke donoM pArzva kI ApariNakAoM meM baiThe kraya-vikraya meM vyasta grAhaka aura vyavasAyI ghor3oM ke por3oM kI dhvani karNarandhroM meM par3ate hI vidyut vega se khar3e ho usa bhadra puruSa ko sAMjali zoSa jhukA abhivAdana karane lage aura gaganacumbI bhavanoM ke gavAkSoM evaM aTTAlikAoM para khar3I suhAgineM bagghI kI ora abIra aura puSpa kI varSA karane lgiiN| AzcaryAbhibhUta cAciga isa prabhAvotpAdaka nayanAbhirAma dRzya ko dekha dekhakara mana hI mana yaha soca hI rahA thA ki usake vAma pArzva meM baiThA huA yaha bhadra puruSa vastutaH hai kauna, jisa para nagara ke nara nArI vRnda paga-paga para sammAnapUrNa asIma Antarika anurAga uMDela rahe haiM, ki vaha bagghI eka rAja prAsAdopama gaganacumbI bhavya bhavana ke vizAla dvAra meM praviSTa ho mukhya bhavana ke sopAna prakoSTha meM rukii| rathI ne pUrva kI hI bhAMti tvarita gati se nIce utara kara bagghI kA dvAra kholA aura vinata mudrA meM dvAra thAme khar3A ho gyaa| mantrivara udayana ne ratha se nIce utara kara zreSThi cAciga ko karAvalambana de sammAnapUrvaka bagghI se nIce utArA aura unheM sAtha liye apane mantraNAkakSa meM praveza kiyaa| usI samaya bAlaka caMgadeva daur3A-daur3A AyA aura udayana ke ghuTanoM ko apane choTe-se bAhupAza meM Abaddha kara macalate hue prazna kiyA :-"mantrI pravara! Apane itanA vilamba kahAM kara diyA ?" ___ bAlaka caMgadeva ke donoM kapoloM ko apane karatala yugala se dulArapUrvaka sahalAte hue mantrivara ne kahA :-"dekho catura caMge caMga ! hamAre yahAM ye kauna Aye haiM ?" yaha kahakara udayana ne apane sevakoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve cAciga ke snAnAdi kI vyavasthA kreN| bAlaka caMgadeva ne idhara mantrI ke iMgita kI ora dekhA aura "bappA ! Apa kaba Aye?" kahate hue apane pitA ke caraNoM meM praNAma kiyaa| cAciga ne bhI caMgadeva ko apane vakSasthala se cipakA kara bAra-bAra usake mastaka ko sUMghA / __"bappA ! maiMne par3hanA-likhanA sIkha liyA hai| svayaM mantrIzvara bhI mujhe par3hAte haiM / bar3e acche haiM ye / bappA ! jAnate ho? ye mantrIzvara bappA udayana haiM / ". udayana ne bAlaka ko dulAra se ulAhane ke svara meM kahA :-"caMge! caMga ! apane bappA ko kucha khilAyegA-pilAyegA bhI ki kevala bAtoM se hI inakA peTa bhara degA ?"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 341 usI samaya sevaka ne snAnagRha kI ora saMketa karate hue cAciga se vinamra svara meM nivedana kiyA :-"mAnyavara ! snAnAdi ke liye kRpayA pdhaariye|" zreSThI cAciga ke snAnAdi se nivRtta hote hI mantrIzvara udayana ne unheM apane sAtha biThAkara bhojana karAyA / mantrivara udayana ke isa prakAra ke udAratApUrNa vAtsalya bhAva kA cAciga zreSThi ke antarmana para gaharA prabhAva pdd'aa| kuberopama samRddhi ke svAmI, rAjasabhA sadasya, zUra ziromaNi, sAmanta ke antarmana meM bhI isa prakAra kI nirabhimAnitA aura svadharmIvAtsalya kI bhAvanA ho sakatI hai, yaha zreSThivara cAciga ko apane jIvana meM pahalI bAra anubhava huaa| azana-pAnAdi se nivRtta hone ke anantara udayana ne zreSThi cAciga se kahA :-"aba Apa vizrAma kIjiye / Apa ise apanA hI ghara smjhiye| bhojanoparAMta vAmakukSi vizrAma svAsthya kI dRSTi se paramAvazyaka hai|" tatpazcAt vizrAntikakSa meM mantrI udayana aura cAciga ne ghar3I bhara vizrAma kiyaa| zreSThi cAciga kI thakAna dUra huii| __cAciga ko pUrNa rUpeNa Azvasta dekhakara udayana ne sambhASaNa kA krama prArambha karate hue kahA :-"zreSThivara ! ApakA yaha putra caMgadeva vastutaH adRSTa pUrva utkRSTa medhA evaM camatkArapUrNa pratibhA kA dhanI hai| isane svalpa samaya meM hI par3hane likhane aura susaMskAroM ko apane jIvana meM DhAlane meM apanI asAdhAraNa medhAzakti kA paricaya dekara hama saba logoM ke mana ko jIta liyA hai| merI yaha sunizcita, sudRr3ha dhAraNA bana gaI hai ki yaha bAlaka Age calakara na kevala gurjara bhUmi ke gaurava kI apitu hamArI sampUrNa AryadharA kI garimA kI kIti-patAkA digdiganta meM lhraaegaa| devacandrasUri jaise mahAn AdhyAtmika zilpI mahApuruSa ke aharniza sAnnidhya meM to yaha bAlaka Age calakara dharma-dhurA-dhaureya aura jana-jana ke hRdaya kA samrAT yugapuruSa siddha hogaa| Apa to isake janma kAla se hI isakI ceSTAoM ko, isake alaukika guNoM ko dekhate A rahe haiN| ataH Apa to isakI asAdhAraNa pratibhAoM se bhalI bhAMti paricita hI haiN|" .... cAciga ne apane antarmana kI avazatA ko, prakaTa karane kI mudrA meM, nivedana karate hue kahA-"udAramanA mantrivara ! ApakI lokaprasiddha painI pArakhI dRSTi kI yazogAthAeM maiMne sunI haiM / Apake niSkarSa vastuta: antima rUpa se nirNAyaka hote haiM / jaTila se jaTilatama kisI bhI viSaya meM Apake apane buddhikauzala se tathyAtathya ke sambandha meM vicAra karane ke uparAnta jisa niSkarSa para Apa pahuMcate haiM, usa nirNaya ke sambandha meM phira kisI ke liye kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA karane kA kincinmAtra bhI avakAza nahIM raha jAtA / ThIka isI prakAra isa alpavayaska bAlaka ke ujjvala bhaviSya ke sambandha meM isake lakSaNoM, guragAvaguNoM ko parakha kara una sabake niSkarSa ke rUpa meM Apa jisa nirNaya para pahuMce haiM, usa nirNaya se maiM pUrNa rUpeNa sahamata huuN| honahAra
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________________ 342 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 biravAna ke hota cIkane pAta' isa tathyapUrNa sUkti ke anusAra isa bAlaka ke lakSaNoM, ceSTAoM, isakA uThanA baiThanA, isake kArya kalApoM evaM pratidina kI pravRttiyoM ko dekhakara usake ujjvala bhaviSya ke sambandha meM Apa jisa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM, maiM bhI vastutaH yahI socatA hUM ki Age calakara yaha bAlaka asAdhAraNa kAryoM ko niSpAdita karane vAlA koI asAdhAraNa puruSa hogA / para mantrIzvara ! vastusthiti yaha hai .ki mere bur3hApe kA sahArA, mere andhere ghara kA dIpaka yahI ekamAtra putra hai / mantrI pravara ! mere ghara meM isake atirikta bhale hI sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa pratibhA vAlA eka bhI aura putra yadi hotA to maiM saharSa isa bAlaka ko jinazAsana kI sevA meM hamAre dharmasaMgha ko hamAre jJAnapuMja tapodhana prAcAryadeva ko samarpita kara detA / para yadi isa ikalaute putra ko bhI dharmAcArya kI bheMTa kara diyA jAya to hamArA zeSa samagra jIvana, ghora andhakArapUrNa ho jAyagA / hamAre pazcAt hamAre ghara ke dvAra sadA ke liye banda ho jAyeMge / basa yahI eka bahuta bar3I duvidhA mere samakSa hai / anyathA apane prANapriya putra ke ujjvala bhaviSya meM bAdhaka banane jaisI mUrkhatA maiM kadApi nahIM karatA / " mantrI udayana ne bar3e ekAgra citta se zreSThI cAciga kI bAta sunane ke pazcAt kahA :- "dharmabandhu zreSThivara ! sAdhAraNataH laukika dRSTi se ApakA kathana zata-prati zata samucita hai / kintu jahAM taka isa bAlaka kI asAdhAraNa puNyazAlinI pratibhA ke sadupayoga kA prazna hai, Apako, hameM laukika dRSTi kI apekSA samaSTi ke hita meM lokottara dRSTi ko AdhyAtmika dRSTi ko sarvAdhika mahattva denA hogA / isa tathya se to Apa bhalI bhAMti avagata hI haiM ki asAdhAraNa alaukika Atmazakti sampanna yuga parivartanakAriNI vibhUtiyAM isa gharAtala para anekoM zatAbdiyoM hI nahIM apitu katipaya sahasrAbdiyoM ke antarAla ke anantara kabhI-kabhI samaSTi ke puNyodaya se hI avatIrNa hotI haiM / ApakA yaha bAlaka caMgadeva sahasrAbdiyoM se jana-jana ke prabala puNyodaya ke phalasvarUpa avanItala para avatIrNa hone vAlI mahAn vibhUtiyoM meM se eka mahA mahimAmayI mahArghya vibhUti hai / yoM to saMsAra meM janma-maraNa kA krama anAdi kAla se anavarata rUpeNa calA A rahA hai| lAkhoM karor3oM mAnavoM meM se prAyaH adhikAMza laghu zreNI ke, unase kama madhyama zreNI ke hI hote haiM / una karor3oM logoM meM se asAdhAraNa ucca koTi ke zilpI, vidvAn yoddhA, vyavasAyI athavA prazAsaka bhI ine gine-ikke dukke ho hI jAte haiM / kintu jana-jana ko vizva bandhutva kA pATha par3hAkara iha tathA para- ubhaya lokoM meM parama kalyANakAriNI saccI mAnatA ke sAMce meM DhAlane vAle, nara ko nArAyaNa athavA satyaM zivaM sundaraM svarUpa pradAna karane vAle samaSTi ke sacce mitra yuga pravarttaka mahApuruSa to yuga yugAntaroM meM sahasroM varSoM ke antarAla se kabhI-kadAsa hI hote haiM / jo kAma Apa nahIM kara sakate, maiM nahIM kara sakatA, hamAre jaise karor3oM vyakti bhI mila kara nahIM kara sakate haiM, usa kArya ko vilakSaNa pratibhA sampanna vaha mahAn vibhUti sahaja hI sampanna- siddha kara detI hai / isa yuga ke mahAn yogI bhaviSya draSTA devacandrasUri ne Apake isa asA -
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2. ] . hemacandrasUri [ 343 dhAraNa pratibhAzAlI putra caMgadeva meM usI prakAra kI virAT vibhUti kA aMkura dekhakara hI jinazAsana ke abhyudaya-utkarSa ke sAtha-sAtha jana-jana ke antarmana meM saccI mAnavatA ke vikAsa ke uddezya se hI isa vilakSaNa vibhUti kA cayana kiyA hai| - ghara, dvAra, parivAra, viSaya, kaSAya, aihika sukhopabhoga evaM samasta sAMsArika prapaMcoM ko tRNavat tyAga kara, viSavat vamana kara svayaM ke kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha samaSTi ke kalyANa ke liye inhoMne AgAra rahita ahiMsA, satya, asteya brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ina pAMca mahAvratoM kI pravrajyA aMgIkAra kI hai| sakala carAcara prANivarga ke hitaiSI vizvabaMdhu hamAre dharmaguru AcAryadeva ko kisI prakAra kA kiMcitmAtra bhI aihika lobha ho, isa prakAra kI to kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| inake antarmana meM yadi kisI prakAra kA lobha, yadi kisI prakAra kI AkAMkSA hai to kevala yahI ki jinazAsana kA abhyudaya-utkarSa, pracAra-prasAra ho aura sabhI bhAMti samunnata jinazAsana ke mAdhyama se jana-jana ke mana meM mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa ho, samaSTi kA kalyANa ho, eka mAtra isI uddezya se dUradarzI prAcAryazrI ne Apake putra kA cayana kiyA hai ki Agama jJAna kA, AdhyAtmika jJAna kA supAMtra yaha bAlaka sabhI vidyAoM meM niSNAta ho, jana-jana kA patha pradarzaka bane, samaSTi ko satpatha para ArUr3ha kara jinazAsana kI mahimA ko digdiganta meM vyApta kara de|" zreSThi cAciga ne vyagra svara meM kahA-"kintu mantrIzvara ! mere to ekamAtra putra hai| ise yadi jinazAsana ko samarpita kara dUMgA to saMsAra meM merA aura mere pUrvajoM kA nAma hI miTa jAyagA / isa eka mAtra putra, kula-dIpaka ko de dene para to na kevala mere ghara meM hI apitu mere abhyantara meM, merI AMkhoM ke samakSa sadA ke liye nibir3atama dhanAndhakAra chA jaaygaa|" udayana ne zreSThi cAciga kI AkrozapUrNa vyagratA ko zAnta karate hue kahA :- "bandhuvara ! jinazAsana ke isa bhAvI karNadhAra evaM mahAn prabhAvaka putraratna ko jinazAsana kI sevA ke liye, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke utkarSa ke liye samarpita kara dene para ApakA nAma miTegA nahIM apitu isa bAlaka ke sAtha-sAtha ApakA, ApakI ratnagarbhA dharmapatnI kA, moDha jAti kA, aApake dhundhukA grAma kA aura samasta gurjara pradeza kA nAma sadA sarvadA ke liye, jaba taka sUrya aura candra prakAzamAna raheMge, taba taka ke liye amara ho jaaygaa| Apake jIvana meM ghanAndhakAra nahIM jinazAsana ke isa udIyamAna divya nakSatra kI yazazcandrikA se na kevala Apake ghara, prAMgana aura antarmana meM hI apitu samasta pRthvItala para anirvacanIya Ananda pradAyaka alaukika Aloka jagamagA utthegaa|" . "yuga pravartaka mahApuruSoM kI zreriNa ko suzobhita karane vAle isa bhAvI mahApuruSa ko kyA Apa dhiMdhukA kI dhUli meM hI dhUli-dhUsarita avasthA meM dekhanA cAhate haiM ?
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________________ 344 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 : zreSThivara ! saMsAra meM dhana vaibhava hI saba kucha nahIM hai / janma usI kA saphala hai jo bhUle-bhaTake logoM ko sanmArga para ArUDha kare / samaSTi ke kalyANa ke liye jIvana arpita kara de| Apa apane isa honahAra putra ko ghara le jAkara prArambha meM likhAeMgeM paDhAeMgeM aura phira vyavasAya meM jhauMka deMge / vyavasAya meM bhAgyavazAt lAkhoM kI sampatti ekatrita bhI kara lI to usase kyA hone vAlA hai ? Aja gurjara pradeza meM eka se eka bar3hakara kuberopama samRddhi ke svAmI sAhasroM zrImanta zreSThI haiN| adhika se adhika yahI hogA ki una sahasroM zrImantoM kI saMkhyA meM ApakA putra bhI eka aMka aura bar3hA de / mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA kI itizrI isI meM nahIM ho jAtI ki lAkhoM karor3oM kI sampatti kA svAmI bane / mujhe hI dekha lIjiye mere prArambhika jIvana meM merI Arthika sthiti bar3I dayanIya thI / dhanopArjana ke liye gharabAra chor3akara maiM pATana meM AyA / mujhe sira chipAne ke liye eka vidhavA chIMpI ( mAlavariyA) ke ghara ke kone meM eka jagaha milI / bhAgya meM parivartana prAyA / maiM karor3oM kI sampatti kA svAmI ho gyaa| gurjara rAjya ke mantrI pada para bhI mujhe grAsIna kiyA gayA / Aja maiM gurjara jaise vizAla aura zaktizAlI rAjya kA mantrI hone ke sAtha-sAtha gurjara rAjya ke samRddhizAlI eka prAnta sa~vibhAga stambhatIrtha (khambhAta ) kA rAjyapAla hUM / vipula vaibhava aura sattA kA svAmI hote hue bhI mujhe zAnti kahAM hai ? zAnti kI khoja meM maiM pratidina tyAgI virAgI niSparigrahI zramaNottamoM kI sevA meM upasthita hotA hUM / yadi sattA aura samRddhi meM hI sukha aura zAnti kA nivAsa hotA to mujhe kahIM jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM thI / lobha vastutaH lokAkAza ke samAna ananta - asIma hai| dhana kI icchA santoSa ke binA kabhI kisI kI pUrI huI haina hogI hI / yaha bhI koI nizcita rUpa se nahIM kaha sakatA ki amuka vyakti lakSmIpati hogA hI / lAkhoM vyavasAyI aharniza vittopArjana kA prayAsa karate haiM lekina hama pratyakSa dekhate haiM ki anekoM se lakSmI jIvana bhara rUThI hI rahatI hai| dUsarI ora janma maraNa ke cakra se sadA sarvadA ke liye mukti dilAkara ananta sukha avyAvAdha Ananda pradAna karane vAlA prazasta AdhyAtmika patha hai, jisake liye jJAnapu Mja AcAryazrI devacandra ne isa bAlaka kA cayana kiyA hai / isa bAlaka ke lakSaNoM ko dekhane se bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai ki prAdhyAtmika patha para ArUr3ha ho janma-jarA-mRtyu - vyAdhi Adi ghorAtighora dAruNa dukhoM se protaprota isa saMsAra meM santrasta bhavya prANiyoM ko zAzvata sukha ke patha para ArUr3ha karane ke liye hI isa * bAlaka kA janma huA hai / cintAmariNa ratna tulya isa honahAra bAlaka ko yadi prApa kevala dhana ke liye hI muktipatha se vimukha karanA cAhate haiM to mere pAsa svarNarAzi kI koI kamI nahIM hai, lAkhoM, karor3oM, jitanI bhI svarNa mudrAeM Apako cAhiye, Apa saharSa le lIjiye / " zreSThI kA Atma sammAna mantrivara udayana ke antima vAkya ko sunate hI sahasA tilamilAkara jAga uThA / usane kahA - "mantrivara ! yadyapi Apake
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 345 isa kathana ke pIche ApakI bhAvanA prazasta hai, Apa mujhe mohanidrA se jAgRta kara dene ke liye hI yaha saba kucha kaha rahe haiM tathApi maiM Apa se yaha nivedana kara denA cAhatA hUM ki Apake svayaM ke kathanAnusAra merA yaha putra cAMgadeva anarghya hai / saMsAra kI samasta sampadA ko maiM isake nAma para ThukarAtA hUM / kyoMki vastutaH isakA koI mola hai hI nahIM / jinazAsana ke prati pragADha prema bhare, samaSTi ke kalyANa ke prati Apake agAdha AsthApUrNa Antarika udgAroM ko sunakara aba merI mohanidrA pUrNata: bhaMga ho gaI hai / yadi maiMne apane putra ko apane pAsa hI rakkhA, to ise madArI ke bandara ke samAna jana-jana ko namaskAra karanA hogA aura yadi maiMne ise gurucaraNoM meM samarpita kara diyA to yaha vizvandya ho jAyagA / rAjA, mahArAjA, zrImanta, senApati, yoddhA aura sabhI prajAjana ise vandana - namana kareMge / ataH maiM apane prANapriya putra ko saharSa jinazAsana kI sevArtha prAcArya zrI kI sevA meM samarpita karane ke liye samudyata hU~ / " zreSThI cAciga ne dRDha nizcayapUrNa svara meM mantrivara udayana se kahA :" bAlaka caMgadeva ko lekara cliye| maiM isI samaya ise prAcArya zrI devacandrajI ke caraNoM meM jinazAsana kI sevArtha samarpita karatA hUM / ' mantrI udayana, cAciga zreSThi aura bAlaka caMgadeva eka drutagAmI vAhana para baiTha devendrasUri kI sevA meM pahuMce / vandana - namana ke anantara zreSThivara cAciga ne sAMjali zISa kA prAcAryazrI se nivedana kiyA :- "bhagavan ! mere isa prANapriya putra caMgadeva ko merI dharmiSThA sahadharmiNI pahale hI Apako samarpita kara cukI hai / aba maiM bhI ise saharSa ApakI sevA meM sadA ke liye samarpita karatA huuN| aba isake mAtA, pitA, ArAdhyadeva evaM bhagavAn saba kucha Apa hI haiM / " yaha sunate hI honahAra bAlaka caMgadeva ke harSa kA pArAvAra na rahA / usane AcAryazrI ke caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakhate hue unake caraNoM ko apane donoM komala hAthoM se kasa kara pakar3a liyaa| saMgha meM harSa kI lahara daur3a gii| dIkSA kA muhUrtta nikAlA gayA aura vikrama samvat 1950 kI mAgha zuklA caturdazI zanivAra ke dina prati zreSTha muhUrtta meM AcAryazrI devacandra ne bAlaka caMgadeva ko stambhatIrtha meM sthita bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke mandira ke prAMgaraNa meM paMca mahAvrata rUpa zramaraNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna kara dI / dIkSA ke samaya caMgadeva kA nAma somacandra rakkhA gayA / mantrivara udayana ne svayaM abhUtapUrva samAroha ke Ayojana ke sAtha dIkSA mahotsava kI samucita rUpa se dekha-rekha evaM vyavasthA kI / prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekhAnusAra dIkSA ke samaya bAlaka caMgadeva kI vaya 5 varSa 3 mAsa kI thI / prabandha cintAmaNi ke ullekhAnusAra dIkSita hone ke samaya bAlaka caMgadeva kI Ayu lagabhaga ATha varSa kI thI / " prabhAvaka caritra vikrama samvat 1334 ko aura 1. ............................................tayoH putrazcAMgadevo'bhUt / sa cASTavarSadezya: zrI devacandrAcAryeSu zrI pattanAtIrthaM yAtrA prasthiteSu dhundhukke zrI moDavasahikAyAM devanamaskaraNAya prApteSu siMhAsanasthita tadIya niSadyAyA upari savayobhiH samaM ramamANaH zizubhiH sahasA niSasAda / - prabandha cintAmaNi, pRSTha 135
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________________ 346 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 prabandha cintAmariNa vikrama samvat 1361 kI kRti hai / isa prakAra prabhAvaka caritra prabandha cintAmaNi se 27 varSa pUrva kI racanA hai / tathApi hemacandrasUri kI dIkSA ke sambandha meM anya koI prAmANika lekha ke abhAva meM nizcita rUpa se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ina donoM ullekhoM meM kaunasA ullekha vastuta: ThIka hai / itanA hote hue bhI prabhAvaka caritra meM ullikhita dIkSAkAla hI anyatra katipaya granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / isa kAraNa jaba taka ki anya koI puSTa pramANa upalabdha na ho jAya taba taka prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekha ko hI prAmANika mAnane ke atirikta aura koI upAya nahIM hai / prabandha - cintAmariNakAra ne kumArapAla prabandha meM :- - tadanu sutasya pravrajyAkararaNotsavazcAcigena cakre / " isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki hemacandra sUri kI dIkSA ke mahotsava meM unake pitA cAciga ne hI vyayabhAra vahana kiyA / navadIkSita muni somacandra apane guru kI sevA meM rahakara bar3I niSThA ke sAtha adhyayana karane lage / atizaya medhAvI muni somacandra ne anukramazaH saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, Adi bhASAoM kA bodha prApta karane ke anantara sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, tarkazAstra, chandazAstra, jyotiSazAstra Adi aneka vidyAoM kA niSThApUrvaka adhyayana karate hue una saba viSayoM meM pArINatA prApta kI / guru ke caraNoM kI sevA karate hue unhoMne jainAgamoM evaM Agamika sAhitya kA bhI talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyaa| muni somacandra kI smaraNa zakti itanI tIvra thI ki kisI bhI viSaya ke grantha ko do tIna bAra par3hane mAtra se hI vaha grantha kaNThastha ho jAtA thA / kizora vaya meM hI ve sva para darzana ke apane samaya ke apratima vidvAn bana gaye aura unake pAMDitya kI khyAti cAroM aura prasRta ho gaI / prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekhAnusAra sabhI vidyAoM meM niSNAtatA prApta karane ke anantara bhI muni somacandra ko prAtma-santoSa nahIM huA / ve mana hI mana socane lage - " pUrvakAla meM Arya vajra Adi aise pratibhAzAlI padAnusAriNI vidyA ke dhanI vidvAn hue haiM, jo eka pada ko dekhate hI eka lAkha padoM kA jJAna prApta kara lete the, usa prakAra kI vilakSaNa pratibhA athavA labdhi prApta ho tabhI prathAha jJAna upArjita karake jinazAsana ke utkarSa, pracAra evaM prasAra ke liye paramopayogI uttama sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai / anyathA isa prakAra eka-eka viSaya ke talasparzI jJAna ko prApta karane ke liye vibhinna viSayoM ke anekAneka bar3e-bar3e granthoM ko par3hane meM hI pUrI Ayu vyatIta ho jAyagI aura jinazAsana kI sevA ke liye, prabhAvanA ke lie maiM kucha bhI nahIM kara sakUMgA / dhikkAra hai mujhe ; jo maiMne isa prakAra kI buddhi prApta kI hai / aisI sthiti meM mujhe sarasvatI kI upAsanA karanI par3egI / " paryApta soca-vicAra ke anantara muni somacandra ne sarasvatI kI upAsanA karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA aura eka dina prAtaHkAla apane guru zrI devacandrasUri ke caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakhate hue unhoMne nivedana kiyA :- "bhagavan ! maiM vidyAsiddhi ke
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________________ sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] . hemacandrasUri [ 347 liye devI sarasvatI kI upAsanA karanA cAhatA huuN| mujhe AjJA diijiye| maiM yathAzakya zIghra hI lauTane kA prayAsa kruuNgaa|" isa prakAra kI sAdhanA se kizora muni ko avazyameva hI lAbha hogA, yaha vicAra kara devacandrasUri ne somacandra muni ke mastaka para apanA varada hasta rakhate hue kahA :- "vatsa ! tuma para sarasvatI binA kisI prakAra kI upAsanA ke hI prasanna hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tumhArI tulanA karane vAlA koI vidvAn Aja kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / alpa vaya ko dekhate hue tumane jo adhyayana kiyA hai, vaha stutya hai / usameM paripakvatA to zanaiH zanaiH Ayu aura anubhava ina donoM kI vRddhi se hI prApta hogii| kintu tumhArI mukhamudrA se mujhe yaha spaSTataH anubhava ho rahA hai ki tuma zrRta devatA sarasvatI kI upAsanA ke lie kRta saMkalpa ho| maiM tumheM anumati detA hUM ki apane aTala nizcaya ke anusAra tuma vidyA devI kI upAsanA karo aura apane lakSya kI prApti ke pazcAt zIghra hI lauTo / merI aura saMgha kI zubha kAmanAeM tumhAre sAtha haiN|" - apane guru kI anujJA prApta kara katipaya gItArtha muniyoM ke sAtha vidyA ke kendra brAhmI deza kI ora muni somacandra ne prasthAna kiyaa| vihArakrama se raivatAcala ko pAra kara muni somacandra neminAtha tIrtha meM Aye aura ekAnta sthAna meM tthhre| rAtri meM apane nAsAgra para dRSTi jamAye muni somacandra brAhmI kI ArAdhanA meM nirata ho gaye / sabhI cittavRttiyoM ke nirodhapUrvaka ekAgra mana se vidyA kI devI brAhmI kI upAsanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa lagabhaga arddha rAtri ke samaya brAhmI devI unake samakSa prakaTa huI aura apanA varada hasta Upara uThA muni somacandra ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :- "he vizuddhamanA vatsa! aba Apako dezAntara jAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / maiM tumhArI niSThApUrNa ananya bhakti se tuma para prasanna hUM / tumhArA abhIpsita kArya yahIM siddha ho jaaygaa|" - brAhmIdevI isa prakAra muni somacandra ko varadAna dekara adRzya ho gaI / devI ke antahita ho jAne ke anantara bhI muni somacandra ne zeSa rAtri vANI kI adhiSThAtrI devI brAhmI kI upAsanA meM hI vyatIta kii| isa prakAra binA kisI vizeSa kaSTa ke muni somacandra siddha sArasvata kavi evaM vidvad ziromaNi bana gaye aura apane guru kI sevA meM lauTa gaye / prabandha cintAmaNi kI eka bI DI ke cihna se aMkita prati meM hemacandrasUri para sarasvatI ke prasanna hone kA vivaraNa nimnalikhita rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai : "keza lucana ke tatkAla pazcAt hemacandra nAmaka eka ziSya prAzuka jala lAne ke liye kisI sadgRhastha ke ghara kI ora jA rahe the| mArga meM sAmane 1. prabhAvaka caritra, hemacandrasUri kA prakaraNa /
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 Ate hue hAthI se bacane ke liye ve eka bhavana kI dIvAra se saTa kara khar3e ho gaye / jharokhe meM baiThe hue prAliMga purohita ne unheM isa prakAra khar3e rahane ke liye bhalA-burA kahA / hemacandra muni ne jAkara apane guru se isa sambandha meM nivedana kiyaa| guru ne hemacandra ko kahA ki tuma isake liye mithyA duSkRta do arthAt prAyazcita kro| isase muni hemacandra ko bar3A duHkha huA aura vaha apane guru ke upAzraya se bAhara nikala kara anyagacchIya devacandra aura padmAkara nAmaka do muniyoM ke sAtha kAzmIra kI ora prasthita huaa| una tInoM ne sarasvatI ko prasanna karane ke liye upavAsa prArambha kara diye / ve tInoM tapazcaraNa karate hue naDolA nAmaka grAma meM pahuMce / usa dina unake upavAsa kA sAtavAM dina thA / unake sAta upavAsoM se sarasvatI prasanna huI aura usane hemacandra ko darzana diye / hemacandra ne apane donoM sAthI muniyoM ko devI ke darzana kI bAta khii| apane donoM mitroM kI kAryasiddhi ke liye muni hemacandra ne sattara zlokoM kI racanA kara naDolA grAma kI mahimA kA varNana kiyA aura ve tInoM vahAM se prasthita hue / stambha tIrtha meM praveza karate-karate kisI eka dezAntarIya vyakti ne unheM bulAkara eka vidyA pradAna kI aura kahA :- " - "merA maraNa samaya sannikaTa hai / mere mara jAne para mere zava ko zmazAna meM le jA merI nAbhi para tuma tInoM isa mantra kA jApa karanA / merA zava tumheM yathepsita varadAna degA / " usa pathika ke kathanAnusAra usakI thor3I dera meM mRtyu ho gaI aura arddha rAtri ke samaya usa zava kI nAbhi para zmazAna meM una tInoM ne usa mantra kA jApa kiyA / zava tatkAla uTha khar3A huA aura bolA :- " vara maaNgo|" muni hemacandra ne zava se yaha varadAna mAMgA :- " - " kisI rAjA ko bodha dene meM mujhe saphalatA prApta ho / " devacandra ne AkarSiNI vidyA kA varadAna mAMgA aura padmAkara ne prakANDa pAMDitya kA / una tInoM muniyoM ko unake muMhamAMge varadAna dekara zava zmazAna meM punaH gira par3A / 348 ] isa prakAra varaprApti ke anantara muni hemacandra apane guru kI sevA meM upasthita hone ke liye lauTa par3e / mArga meM kAla bhairavI caNDI ke mandira meM muni hemacandra vizrAma ke liye Thahare / usI samaya laghu bhairavAnanda apane pA~ca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha caNDI ke mandira meM AyA / usane devI ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :- "aho pracaNDa caNDe caNDike ! mujhe laDDU de / " isa prakAra kaha kara laghu bhairavAnanda ne apanA svarNamaya khappara devI kI pratimA ke Age kara diyA aura devI ne tatkAla usa sone ke khappara ko laDDuoM se bhara diyA / laghu bhairavAnanda ne vahAM upasthita sabhI logoM ko laDDU diye / usane muni hemacandra kI ora bhI khappara ko Age sarakAte hue kahA :-' - "mere ziSya ! tU bhI laDDa le / " hemacandra ne usake donoM hAthoM I
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa-2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 346 ko stambhita kara diyA aura usase kahA :- "he laghu bhairavAnanda ! yadi tuma meM zakti hai to tumhIM khA lo|" laghu bhairavAnanda ne apane donoM hAthoM ko hilAne-DulAne kA pUrI zakti lagAkara prayAsa kiyA lekina usake donoM hAtha kiMcinmAtra bhI nahIM hile / vaha tatkAla muni hemacandra ke pairoM para girakara kSamA mAMgane lgaa| muni hemacandra ke camatkAra kI yaha bAta vidyutvega se cAroM ora ke grAma-grAmantaroM meM prasRta ho gii| muni hemacandra jyoMhI pattana ke samIpa * pahuMce ki pattana nivAsI udvelita sAgara kI taraMgoM kI bhAMti hemacandrasUri ke svAgata ke liye umar3a pdd'e| pattanapati mahArAja jayasiMha deva bhI muni hemacandra kI agavAnI ke liye unake sammukha aaye| unhoMne muni hemacandra ko apane paTTa hasti para biThAkara kucha hI dina pUrva apane purohita dvArA tiraskRta hemacandrasUri kA nagara praveza krvaayaa| tadanantara mahArAja jayasiMha ne prAcArya devacandrasUri ko nivedana kara hemacandra ko AcArya pada para adhiSThita krvaayaa| siddharAja jayasiMha kI prArthanA para hemacandrasUri aSTamI aura caturdazI ko rAjabhavana meM jAkara pauSadhAgAra (upAsanAgAra) meM zrI sthUli bhadra ke caritra kA vAcana karane lge|" muni hemacandra ko hAthI para ArUr3ha karane ke sambandha meM, isameM likhA hai : tataH pattane prAyAtaM zrI jayasiMhadevaH sanmukhametya samAnIya hemacandra gajAdhirUDhaM pravezya ca......" -prabandha cintAmariNa, pRSTha-66 . muni somacandra ke apratima pAMDitya kI prasiddhi dUra-dUra taka prasRta ho gii| jana-jana ke mukha para yahI bAta prakaTa hone lagI ki muni somacandra ke kaNThoM meM sAkSAt sarasvatI virAjamAna hai, jaTila samasyAoM kI ve tatkSaNa pUrti kara dete haiM evaM caudaha vidyAoM ke nidhAna muni somacandra ke samakSa koI vidvAn kSaNa bhara bhI Tika nahIM sktaa| apane suyogya ziSya somacandra kI jana-jana ke mukha se isa prakAra kI khyAti sunakara devacandrasUri ne unheM AcArya pada para AsIna karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| unhoMne saMgha ke sadasyoM ko Amantrita kara unake samakSa apanA prastAva rakhate hue kahA :-"muni somacandra jainAgamoM ke sAtha-sAtha sabhI darzanoM ke pAradRzvA vidvAn bana gaye haiN| unameM prAcArya ke yogya sabhI guNa prazasta rUpa se vidyamAna haiN| maiM apanA kAryabhAra muni somacandra ke sabala kandhoM para rakhakara ekamAtra AtmakalyANa kI sAdhanA meM nirata rahanA cAhatA huuN| hamAre pUrvAcAryoM ne bhI paramparA se samaya-samaya para apane hAthoM se hI apane suyogya ziSyoM ko prAcArya pada pradAna kara apane jIvana kA saMdhyAkAla AtmasAdhanA meM hI vyatIta kiyA hai|"
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________________ 350 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 AcAryazrI devacandra ke isa samayocita prastAva kA saMgha ke pratyeka sadasya ne hArdika svAgata kiyA / tatkAla pramukha jyotirvidoM ko bulavAkara paTTa mahotsava kA muhUrta nikalavAyA gyaa| jyotirvidoM ne jyotiSa zAstra ke AdhAra para paraspara vicAra vinimaya ke anantara vaizAkha zuklA tRtIyA ke dina madhyAnha velA meM muni somacandra ko AcAryapada para adhiSThita karane kA muhUrta sarvasammata rUpa se nizcita kiyaa| isa muhUrta ke sambandha meM sAdhikAra rUpa se kahA ki yaha aisA sarvazreSTha muhUrta hai, jisameM kisI bhI puruSa kI athavA deva kI pratiSThA kI jAya to vaha saMsAra meM rAjamAnya jagatpUjya hotA hai| AcAryapada mohatsava kI taiyAriyAM paryApta samaya pUrva hI prArambha kara dI gaIM / araNahillapura paTTaNa ke nAgarikoM ne bar3e utsAha ke sAtha isa mahotsava ko apUrva banAne meM pUrNa sahayoga diyaa| gurjarezvara mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha svayaM apane rAjasI vaibhava ke sAtha isa mahotsava meM sammilita hue| nirdhArita muhUrta meM vaizAkha zuklA tRtIyA kI madhyAnha velA meM mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha, samasta saMgha aura nAgarikoM ke samakSa vividha vAdyayantroM kI dhvani ke bIca muni somacandra ko prAcArya paTTa para adhiSThita kiyA gyaa| tadanantara eka hI iMgita se sarvatra nistabdhatA chA gaI / AcArya devacandra ne agaru, kapUra aura candana ke lepa se carcita muni zrI somacandra ke kAna meM sUri maMtra kA uccAraNa kiyaa| isa prakAra muni somacaMdra ko sUri pada para adhiSThita karate samaya unake guru zrI devacandrasUri ne unakA nAma hemacandrasUri rkhaa| isI maMgala muhUrta meM AcAryazrI hemacandra kI mAtA pAhinI ne AcAryazrI devacandra ke mukhAravinda se paMcamahAvratoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| usI samaya AcArya pada para sadyaH AsIna hemacandrasUri ne apane guru devacandrasUri ko prArthanA kara apanI mAtA pAhinI ko pravattinI pada pradAna karavA unake liye paTTa para baiThane kA prAvadhAna karavAyA / ' prAcAryapada para AsIna kiye jAne ke anantara hemacandrasUri vibhinna kSetroM meM jinazAsana kA pracAra-prasAra karate hue eka samaya vihArakrama se aNahillapura padRraNa meM pdhaare| dUsare dina apane rAjasI ThATa-bATa ke sAtha paTTahastI para ArUr3ha mahArAjA jayasiMha rAjamArga para jA rahe the| unhoMne pAsa hI ke upAzraya meM zrI hemacandrasUri ko baiThe hue dekhakara mahAvata ke mAdhyama se gajarAja ke kapola meM aMkuza lagavA kara 1 pravartinIpratiSThAM ca dApayAmAsa namragI: tadaivAbhinavAcAryoM gurubhyaH sabhyasAkSikam // 62 / / siMhAsanAsanaM tasya anvamAnayadeSa ca / kaTape jananIbhaktiruttamAnAM kaSaupala: / / 63 // prabhAvaka caritra pRSTha 185 /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 351 hAthI ko bar3hane se roka diyaa| isa prakAra hAthI ko rukavA kara mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kucha kSaNa taka hemacandrasUri ke samakSa jijJAsApUrNa mudrA meM khar3a rahe aura bole- "kucha khiye|" siddha-sArasvata zrI hemacandrasUri ne tatkSaNa nimnalikhita zloka par3hA : "kAraya prasaraM siddha !, hastirAjamazaMkitam / trasyantu diggajAH ki tebhUstvayaivoddha tA yataH / / 66 / / arthAta he siddharAja jayasiMha ! Apa apane gajarAja ko nizzaMka hokara Age bar3hAyo / diggaja bhale hI Apase trasta hokara dazoM dizAoM meM idhara-udhara bhAgeM, diggajoM ke dAMtoM para avasthita yaha vasudharA tilamAtra bhI apane sthAna se vicalita nahIM hogii| kyoMki Apane isa dharitrI ko apane sazakta vRSaskandhoM para dhAraNa kara rakhA hai|" hemacandrasUri ke sambandha meM jo jo suna rakhA thA, use akSaraza: satya pA kara siddharAja jayasiMha ko pUrNa saMtoSa huA aura hemacandrasUri ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhAbhakti prakaTa karatA huA bolA :-"vastutaH Apa siddha-sArasvata haiM, sAkSAt mAM sarasvatI Apake kaNThoM meM sadA virAjamAna rahatI hai| Apa kRpA kara madhyAhnakAla meM pratidina mere yahAM padhArA kareM, mujhe asIma Ananda kI anubhUti hogii|" usI kSaNa se siddharAja aura siddha-sArasvata meM pragAr3ha maitrI ho gii| ina donoM kA prAyaH pratidina hI milana hotA rhaa| gurjareza siddharAja jayasiMha aura apratima pANDitya ke dhanI siddha sArasvata ko yaha maitrI uttarottara pragAr3ha se pragAr3hatara hotI gaI aura usI ke pariNAmasvarUpa gurjara bhUmi ke susaMskArita navanirmANa kA zubhArambha huA / mAlava vijaya ke pazcAt jaisA ki siddharAja jayasiMha ke jIvana paricaya meM ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, anyAnya darzanoM ke dharmAcAryoM hI kI bhAMti prAcAryazrI hemacandra bhI siddharAja jayasiMha ko AzIrvAda ke rUpa meM abhivAdana karane gurjareza ke prAsAda meM sabase anta meM gaye / usa samaya AcArya hemacandra ne jina zabdoM meM siddharAja kA abhivAdana kiyA usako sunakara to siddharAja sadA ke liye hemacandra sUri kA parama zraddhAniSTha prazaMsaka bana gayA / jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, AcAryazrI hemacandra ne siddharAja jayasiMha ko mAlava-vijaya ke upalakSa meM abhivAdana karate hue kahA :- "he kAmadhenu ! tuma apane pavitra gobara se samasta pRthvItala ko lIpa-potakara sundara banA do| are ratnAkaroM ! tuma isa lipe-pute dharAtala para apane mahArghya se mahAya' muktAphaloM se. svAstika kI racanA kara do / pro pUrNacandra ! tuma isa muktAphaloM se nirmita svastika ke samIpa kumbhakalaza ke rUpa meM virAjamAna ho jaao| aura he diggajo ! tuma apanI sUDoM meM dhAraNa kiye hue praveza dvAra para vizAla toraNa vandanavAra kA nirmANa kara do / tuma saba zIghratApUrvaka apanA-apanA
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________________ 352 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-4 kArya kro| dekha nahIM rahe ! mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha jagatItala para apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAkara A rahe haiN|" __ isa prakAra ke camatkArakArI abhinava vidhA ke alaMkArapUrNa abhivAdana ko sunakara siddharAja kI rAjasabhA ke sadasya bhAvukatA ke bhAvAveza meM jhUma utthe| siddharAja to usa zloka ko sunakara hemacandrasUri kI siddha sArasvatatA para aisA anurakta huA ki prati dina, dina meM aneka bAra hemacandrasUri kA satsaMga karane lgaa| . eka dina pattana kI rAjasabhA kI vidvanmaNDalI avanti se Aye hue grantharatna siddharAja jayasiMha ko dikhA rahI thii| siddharAja jayasiMha ne eka grantha para 'bhoja vyAkaraNa' likhA huA dekhakara vidvAnoM se pUchA :- "yaha kyA hai ?" ____eka vayovRddha vidvAn ne kahA :- "rAjan ! yaha mAlavarAja bhoja dvArA nirmita vyAkaraNa hai|" mahArAja bhoja svayaM vidvaziromaNi the| unhoMne alaMkAra, jyotiSa, arthazAstra, Ayurveda, rAjanIti, vAstukalA, aMkagaNita, zakunazAstra, svapnazAstra, sAmudrika zAstra evaM AdhyAtmika viSaya para aneka granthoM kI racanAeM kI thiiN| siddharAja jayasiMha ne viSAdamizrita jijJAsApUrNa svara meM prazna kiyA : "kyA hamAre gurjara rAjya ke granthAgAra meM isa prakAra ke grantha ratna nahIM haiM ? kyA hamAre vizAla samRddha gurjara pradeza meM ina saba viSayoM ke vizeSajJa uccakoTi ke vidvAnoM kA abhAva hai ?" isa prazna ko sunakara kiMkartavyavimUDhAvasthA meM mauna dhAraNa kiye sabhI vidvAn apalaka dRSTi se vidvadvareNya AcAryazrI hemacandra kI ora dekhane lge| siddharAja jayasiMha ne apanI vidvanmaNDalI ke mauna se vAstavikatA ko bhAMpa liyA aura tatkAla bar3I bhaktipUrvaka AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke prati sammAna prakaTa karate hue unase prArthanA kI :- "maharSin ! Apa bhI eka utkRSTa koTi ke vyAkaraNa zAstra kA nirmANa kara mere manoratha ko pUrNa karane kI kRpA kiijiye| mujhe dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki Apake atirikta isa gurjara bhUmi meM anya koI vidvAn hamAre rAjya kI isa khaTakane vAlI kamI ko dUra karane meM sakSama nahIM hai| Apa aise vyAkaraNa zAstra kA nirmANa kIjiye jo vyAkaraNa ke sabhI zreSTha lakSaNoM se sampanna hone ke sAtha-sAtha sarala, subodha aura na kevala vidvajjanopabhogya hI apitu jana-jana ke liye paramopayogI siddha ho| isa prakAra ke vyAkaraNa ke nirmANa se dharAtala para Apake sAthasAtha merI bhI yazogAthAeM amara ho jAeMgI aura Apa mahAn puNya ke bhAgI hoMge / maiM Apase punaH sAgraha anurodhapUrvaka prArthanA karatA hUM ki Apa eka atyuttama naye vyAkaraNa kI racanA kara mAnavatA kI vartamAna evaM bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ko upakRta kreN|"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 353 siddharAja jayasiMha ke anunayapUrNa nivedana ko sunakara hemacandrasUri ne kahA :"rAjan jisa kArya ko niSpanna karane ke liye maiM antarmana se kRtasaMkalpa hUM, Apane mujhe usa kArya kA smaraNa dilAyA hai parantu isa kArya meM jo sabase bar3I kaThinAI hai vaha yaha hai ki ATha prakAra ke loka vizruta vyAkaraNa haiM / vyAkaraNa viSayaka granthoM ke bhaNDAra kAzmIra pradeza meM avasthita sarasvatI devI ke granthAgAra meM hai| vahA~ se una granthoM ko yahAM maMgavAye jAne para una sabake samIcInatayA paryAlocana ke anantara hI sarvAMgapUrNa vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI jA sakatI hai|" siddharAja jayasiMha ne tatkAla apane pradhAna puruSoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve kAzmIra meM jAkara sarasvatI granthAgAra se prAcAryazrI kI icchAnusAra sabhI granthoM ko lekara lautteN| siddharAja jayasiMha kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara pradhAna puruSoM ke samUha ne drutagAmI vAhanoM se kAzmIra pradeza kI aora prasthAna kiyaa| drutagAmI vAhanoM se lambe mArga ko pAra karate hue antatogatvA ve pravarapura pahuMce / vahAM unhoMne devI bhAratI kI stuti kii| bhAratI prasanna huI aura usane apane adhiSThAyakoM ko nirdeSa dete hue kahA :- "mere dvArA varaprApta zvetAmbara zrI hemacandra mere hI haiM aura mere hI dUsare svarUpa haiM, unakI iSTa-siddhi ke liye unake dvArA abhIpsita sabhI grantha ratna ina logoM ko de do|" mAM bhAratI kI isa prakAra kI prasAdapUrNa vANI sunakara usake sacivoM ne athavA adhiSThAyakoM ne prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri dvArA abhIpsita sabhI grantha siddharAja jayasiMha dvArA bheje gaye rAjapuruSoM ko diye aura unakA bar3A Adara satkAra kiyaa| bhAratI ke sacivoM dvArA pradatta grantharatnoM ko lekara ve pATanezvara ke pradhAna puruSa aNahillapura paTTaNa lauTe / unhoMne siddharAja jayasiMha ko ve sabhI grantharatna samarpita karate hue bhAratI mandira kA pUrNa vRttAnta sunAyA ki devI bhAratI svayaM prAcAryazrI hemacandra para parama prasanna hai aura inheM dehAntaradhArI apanA svarUpa hI samajhatI hai / mahArAja jayasiMha hemacandrasUri para devI kI ananya kRpA kI bAta sunakara bar3e camatkRta hue aura unhoMne apanI rAja sabhA ke sadasyoM ke samakSa apanA Antarika AhlAda prakaTa karate hue kahA :-"dhanya hai merA yaha deza, jahAM isa prakAra ke samartha mahApuruSa haiN|" AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne bhAratI ke granthAgAra se Aye grantha-ratnoM ko pUrNa ekAgratA aura niSThA ke sAtha par3hakara evaM una para cintana manana kara 'siddha hema vyAkaraNa' nAmaka vyAkaraNa ke eka navIna grantha ratna kI racanA kii| sUtra vRtti tathA anekArtha bodhikA nAmamAlA sahita isa grantha ratna ko dekha kara sabhI vidvAnoM ne hemacandrasUri kI muktakaNTha se bhUri-bhUrI prazaMsA kI aura sabane usa grantha-ratna kA pUrNa-rUpeNa samAdara kiyaa| kyoMki isase pUrvavartI sabhI vyAkaraNa granthoM meM aneka sthala saMkIrNa, adhikAMza sthala durbodha evaM katipaya sthAna doSoM se paripUrNa hone ke
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________________ 358 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 4 sAtha-sAtha ati vistIrNa haiM aura jIvana bhara unheM par3hate rahane para bhI vyAkaraNa ke gUr3ha rahasyoM kA adhikAMza logoM ko bodha nahIM hotA / isIliye vidvad samAja ne sarva sammati se siddhahema vyAkaraNa ko parama prAmANika rUpa meM mAnya kiyaa| svayaM siddharAja jayasiMha ne vidvAnoM ke sAtha siddhahema vyAkaraNa kA sArtha vAcana kiyaa| isake vAcana se mahArAja siddharAja ko ananubhUta prAnanda kI anubhUti huii| unhoMne tatkAla ghoSaNA kI ki prativarSa tIna lAkha mudrAeM (raupya mudrAeM) siddha hema vyAkaraNa kI pratiyAM likhavAne ke liye rAjyakoSa se vyaya kI jAeM / siddha hema vyAkaraNa kI pratiyAM likhavAne ke liye vibhinna nagaroM evaM grAmoM se tIna sau prakhyAta lekhakoM (lipikoM) ko pATana meM bulavA kara lekhanakArya prArambha krvaayaa| siddhahema vyAkaraNa kI vipula mAtrA meM pratiyAM eka sAtha taiyAra ho jAne para sarvaprathama sabhI darzanoM ke dharma guruoM ko aura tadanantara vidyAlayoM ke adhyApakoM ko ve pratiyAM vitarita kI gaI / tadanantara siddhahema vyAkaraNa kI upanibandha sahita bIsa pratiyAM mahArAja jayasiMha ne kAzmIra bhAratI ke mandira meM bar3e sammAna ke sAtha bheMTa kI, jinheM bhAratI ke granthAgAra meM rakhA gyaa| tadanantara vizAla gurjara rAjya ke sabhI nagaroM evaM grAmoM meM siddhahema vyAkaraNa kI pratiyAM vidvAnoM evaM chAtroM ko adhyayanArtha vitarita kI gaI, siddhahema vyAkaraNa kI pratiyAM jina-jina pradezoM, rAjyoM evaM sthAnoM ko bhejI gaIM, unake sambandha meM prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne nimnalikhita rUpa meM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai : aMga baMga kaligeSu, lATa karNATa kaiMkaNe / mahArASTrasurASTrAsu vatse kacche ca mAlave / / / / 106 / / siMdhU sauvIra nepAle pArasIka muraMDayoH / gaMgApAre haridvAre kAzi cedi gayAsu ca / / / / 107 / / kurukSetre kAnyakubje gauDa zrIkAmarUpayoH / sapAdalakSavajjAlaMdhare ca khasamadhyataH / / / / 108 / / siMhale'tha mahAbodhe caur3e mAlava kaizike / ityAdivizvadezeSu zAstraM vyastAryata sphuTam / / / / 10 / / unhIM dinoM aNahillapura paTTaNa meM kAyastha kulotpanna kAkala nAma kA eka vidvAn rahatA thA / usane AThoM prakAra ke vyAkaraNoM kA pAradarzI adhyayana kiyA thaa| vyAkaraNa zAstra meM usakI gati aisI tIvra thI ki eka bAra par3hane mAtra se hI usake gUr3hatama rahasyoM se avagata ho jAtA / prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke parAmarza se siddharAja jayasiMha ne kAkala ko siddhahema vyAkaraNa ke adhyApanArtha prAdhyApaka ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyaa| usake pAsa adhyayana ke liye sthAna-sthAna se bar3I saMkhyA meM vyAkaraNa ke zikSArthI Ane lge| prabandha cintAmariNa ke ullekhAnusAra mahArAjA jayasiMha ne svazAsita gurjara, mAlava prAdi aThAraha pradezoM meM isa prakAra kI rAjAjJA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 355 prasArita karavA dI ki usake rAjya meM kahIM 'siddha hema vyAkaraNa' ke atirikta anya kisI bhI vyAkaraNa grantha kA adhyayana-adhyApana na kiyA jAya / siddhahema vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana-adhyApana ko pUrNa protsAhana pradAna karane hetu pratyeka varSa kI jJAna paMcamI ke dina akhila rAjyastara para siddhahema vyAkaraNa kI parIkSA kA Ayojana rAjya kI ora se kiyA gyaa| jo zikSArthI isa parIkSA meM uccakoTi ke aMkoM se uttIrNa hote unheM svayaM mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha dvArA mahAya, duzAloM evaM svarNAbhUSaNa ke pAritoSikoM se tathA svarNapadaka pradAna Adi se sammAnita kiyA jaataa| sarvazreSTha zikSakoM ko bhI sukhAsana Adi se svayaM rAjA dvArA sammAnita kiyA jAtA / isa prakAra ke pAritoSikoM evaM protsAhanoM ke pariraNAmasvarUpa siddhahema vyAkaraNa ke adhyayanArthiyoM kI saMkhyA prativarSa uttarottara bar3hatI hI gaI / rAjya dvArA diye jAne vAle isa prakAra ke protsAhanoM kA aisA camatkArika prabhAva huA ki bhArata ke vizAla bhU-bhAga meM 'siddha hema vyAkaraNa' kA paThana-pAThana bar3A hI lokapriya ho gyaa| anya vyAkaraNoM ko aneka rAjyoM ke loga prAyaH bhUla se gye| prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke prAzu kavi evaM pramukha ziSya muni zrI rAmacandra kI cakSupIr3A se dakSiNa netra kI dRSTi vilupta ho jAne ke kAraNa AcAryazrI ko pATana meM hI cAturmAsAvAsa karanA pdd'aa| cAturmAsAvadhi meM zrI hemacandrasUri ne bAvIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI neminAtha ke caritra para vistArapUrvaka vyAkhyAna denA prArambha kiyaa| eka ora to apUrva tyAga aoja aura preraNAoM se ota-prota bhagavAn neminAtha kA pAvana jIvana caritra, aura dUsarI ora usa para vyAkhyAna karane vAle siddha sArasvata sAkSAt sarasvatI putra zrI hemacandrasUri, isa mariNa kAMcana tulya adbhuta saMyoga kA lAbha uThAne ke liye araNahillapura paTTaNa ke AbAla vRddha nara-nArIvRnda caturmukha jinAlaya ke ati vizAla vyAkhyAna bhavana kI aora uttarottara adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM umar3ane lge| bhagavAn neminAtha ke pAvana jIvana caritra para jisa samaya prAcAryazrI kA pravacana prArambha hotA, thotAoM ko anubhava hotA ki cAroM ora amRta varSA ho rahI hai / vyAkhyAna ke prArambha kAla se lekara avasAna kAla taka sabhI zrotA cakora kI bhAMti apanI dRSTi prAcArya zrI ke mukhacandra para kendrita kiye apUrva utkaNThA se unakI sudhA sikta vANI meM varNita bhagavAn seminAtha ke pavitra caritrAmRta kA pAna karate rahate / jinezvara neminAtha ke jIvana caritra aura prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kI sarasa adbhuta vyAkhyAna zailI kI zrotAoM ke mukha se mahimA sunakara sabhI dharmoM ke anuyAyI-sabhI darzanoM ke loga bhI vyAkhyAna meM ekatrita hone lage / vyAkhyAna kA zravaNa karate-karate zrotAgaNa aneka bAra bhAva-vibhora ho jhUma uThate / kathAnaka ke karuNa prasaMga para pAbAlavRddha nara-nAriyoM ke netra yugala se gaMgA yamunA pravAhita ho uThatIM / vahIM vIra rasa ke prasaMga meM bAlakoM evaM mahilAoM taka kI bhujAeM phar3aka uThatIM / sabhI zrotAgaNa vyAkhyAna ke avasAna para vyAkhyAna
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________________ 356 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 zailI kI, pavitra jIvana caritra kI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA karate hae paraspara yahI kahate hue ghara pahuMcate ki aise anirvacanIya Ananda kA anubhava to jIvana meM isI bAra huA hai| bhagavAn neminAtha ke caritra ke antargata pAMDavoM ke caritra citraNa kA bhI prasaMga AyA / yudhiSThira kI satyavAditA, bhIma ke atula bala aura 'arjunasya pratijJe dve, na dainyaM na palAyanam' ina do mahAn pratijJAvAle mahAn dhanurdhara arjuna ke zaurya kA vRttAnta sunakara zrotAgaNa apane Apako bhUlakara kalpanAloka meM ur3Ane bharane lgte| ___ eka dina pAMDavoM ke jIvana vRtta kA upasaMhAra karate hue prAcAryazrI hemacandra ne jaba yaha kahA ki pAMcoM pANDavoM ne evaM draupadI ne pAMca mahAvratoM kI pravrajyA grahaNa kara lI tathA kaThora zramaraNa dharma kA pAlana kara pAMcoM pANDava anta samaya meM saMlekhanA saMthArA kara siddha buddha mukta hue aura draupadI devaloka meM gaI, to katipaya dharmAndha vyakti mAtsaryAbhibhUta ho kruddha ho utthe| aura unhoMne siddharAja jayasiMha ke samakSa upasthita hokara nyAya kI prArthanA karate hue nivedana kiyA : "mahArAja ! hamAre pUrvarSi vedavyAsa kRSNa dvaipAyana ne mahAbhArata meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki anta samaya meM pAMDuputra yudhiSThira, bhIma, arjuna, nakula aura sahadeva himAlaya parvata para gaye / unhoMne himAlaya parvata para kedAra nAmaka sthAna meM avasthita bhagavAn zaMkara ko snAna karA unakI bhAvapUrvaka pUjA arcanA kI aura bhagavAn zaMkara kI ArAdhanA karate hue unhoMne apane prANoM kA visarjana kiyA thA / isake viparIta zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hemacandra apane sArvajanika vyAkhyAnoM meM jaina-ajaina sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ke samakSa yaha kahate haiM ki pAMcoM pANDavoM ne jaina zramaNadharma kI dIkSA lI aura giranAra parvata para anazana kara mokSa prApta kiyaa| hamAre brahmajJAnI pUrvarSi kRSNa dvaipAyana vedavyAsa ke kathana ke viparIta isa prakAra kI binA zira paira kI bAteM vizAla janasamUha ke samakSa kaha kara ye zUdra zvetAmbara hamArI dhArmika bhAvanAoM para AghAta karate haiN| mahArAja Apa jaise nyAyapriya narezvara se hama prArthanA karate haiM ki Apa nyAya kara ina zvetAmbaroM ko Adeza deM ki ve bhaviSya meM hamArI dhArmika bhAvanAoM para isa prakAra ke prAghAta na kreN|" una logoM kI bAta dhyAnapUrvaka sunakara mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne unheM Azvasta karate hue kahA-"hamAre rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM kI yaha paramparA rahI hai ki ve kisI bhI bAta ke saba pahalUgoM para vicAra kiye binA nirNaya nahIM dete| kisI bhI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri 357 dharmAvalambI kI dhArmika bhAvanA ko kisI bhI prakAra kI Thesa na pahuMce, isa prakAra kI vyavasthA karanA hamArA parama punIta karttavya hai| sabhI prakAra ke pUrvAbhiniveSoM se mukta hRdaya, aparigrahI, pakSapAta vihIna hemacandrAcArya koI bhI tathyavihIna aprAmANika bAta kaheM, isa para haThAt vizvAsa nahIM hotaa| ataH unheM Apa logoM ke samakSa hI bulA kara isa bAta kA nirNaya kara liyA jAya ki unhoMne pANDavoM ke sambandha meM kyA kahA hai aura jo kucha bhI kahA hai vaha kisa AdhAra para kahA hai| unakI bAta sunane ke pazcAt hI nyAyapUrNa nispakSa nirNaya kiyA jAya to sabhI dRSTi se samucita hogaa|" _mahArAja jayasiMha ke isa prastAva se sabhI abhiyogI sahamata ho gaye / nyAyapriya siddharAja jayasiMha ne prAcAryazrI hemacandra ko apanI rAjasabhA meM Amantrita kiyA aura abhiyogiyoM kI saba bAta unake samakSa rakhane ke anantara unase pUchAmaharSin ! Apane vedavyAsa ke kathana ke viparIta pAMDavoM ke sambandha meM abhiyogiyoM ke kathanAnusAra vyAkhyAna meM jo yaha kahA hai ki pAMcoM pANDavoM ne AhatI zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kara anazanapUrvaka giranAra parvata para mukti prApta kI, isa sambandha meM Apa pramANapurassara yaha batAne kI kRpA kIjiye ki vAstavikatA kyA hai ? mahAmahima yudhiSThirAdi pAMcoM pANDavoM ne himagiri kA ArohaNa kara kedAra meM bhagavAn zaMkara ko jala car3hA unakI pUjA arcA karate hue zivaloka ko mahAprayANa kiyA athavA AhatI zramaraNadIkSA grahaNa kara giranAra se nirvANa ko prApta kiyA ?" . prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne rAjasabhA kI nyAyapariSad ke samakSa pANDavoM kI mukti ke viSaya meM spaSTIkaraNa prastuta karate hue ghanarava gambhIra svara meM kahanA prArambha kiyA :--"mahArAja ! kRSNa dvaipAyana vedavyAsa ne jina pANDavoM ke sambandha meM apane mahAbhArata purANa meM pAkhyAna prastuta kiyA hai, vaha hamAre zAstroM meM jina pANDavoM ke jIvana caritra kA varNana hai, unhIM pANDavoM ke sambandha meM AkhyAna prastuta kiyA hai athavA anya kinhIM pANDavoM ke sambandha meM ? yaha maiM to nahIM batA sktaa| yadi mere ye bandhu jAnate hoM to btaaeN|" prAcAryazrI hemacandra kI bAta sunakara na kevala abhiyogI hI, apitu nyAyapariSad ke sabhI sadasya stabdha ho prAcAryazrI kI aora avAk dekhate hI raha gaye / nistabdhatA ko bhaMga karate hue mahArAja jayasiMha ne zrI hemacandrasUri se prazna kiyA"kyoM maharSin ! kyA pANDava bhI bhinna-bhinna samaya meM bahuta se ho gaye haiM ?" AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne upasthita janoM kI jijJAsA ko zAnta karane kA prayAsa karate hue kahA :-."rAjan ! suniye| mahAbhArata meM vedavyAsa ne apane pAkhyAna meM spaSTa kahA hai ki raNAMgaNa meM praveza karate samaya bhISma pitAmahaM ne apane sabhI vaMzajoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :- "yuddha meM vIra gati prApta kara lene ke
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________________ 358 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 anantara mere zava kA dAha kisI aise sthAna meM kiyA jAya jahAM pUrva meM kabhI kisI bhI vyakti kA dAha saMskAra nahIM kiyA gayA ho|" zara-zayyA para apane prANoM kA visarjana karane se pUrva unhoMne pANDavoM aura kauravoM, sabhI ko aura mukhyataH arjuna ko punaH antima icchA prakaTa karate hue kahA :-"merI isa bAta ko smaraNa rakkhA jAya ki mere zava kA dAha usI sthAna para kiyA jAya jahAM pUrva kAla meM kisI bhI zava kA dAha na kiyA gayA ho / " yaha kahate hue bhISma pitAmaha ne sUrya ke uttarAyaNa meM Ane para apane prANoM kA visarjana kiyaa| kaurava aura pANDava sabhI bhISma pitAmaha ke pArthiva zarIra kA antima saMskAra karane ke liye eka durlaghya gaganacumbI girirAja ke zikhara para phuNce| vahAM yaha socakara ki aise durAroha girizikhara para to pUrva meM kisI ne kisI bhI zava ke dAha saMskAra karane kA sAhasa nahIM kiyA hogA, usa sthAna para ve bhISma ke zava ke antima saMskAra kA upakrama karane lge| usI samaya divya AkAzavANI isa rUpa meM prakaTa huI : "atra bhISmazataM dagdhaM, pANDavAnAM zata trayam / droNAcArya sahasra tu, karNa saMkhyA na vidyate / / 162 // " arthAt isa sthAna para pUrva meM sau bhISmoM kA, tIna sau pAMDava paMcakoM kA aura eka hajAra droNAcArya nAmaka mRtAtmAoM ke zavoM kA dAha saMskAra ho cukA hai, aura karNa nAma ke itane logoM ke zavoM kA dAha saMskAra hanA hai ki jinakI saMkhyA kisI ko vidita hI nahIM hai| yaha svayaM vedavyAsa kA kathana hai| itanI bar3I saMkhyA meM jo pUrvakAla meM pANDava hue haiM, unameM se jo pANDava jinezvara bhagavAn ke anuyAyI the unhIM kA kathana hamAre grAgamoM meM hai aura usI aAdhAra para maiMne pAMDavoM kA caritra, unakI dIkSA aura anazanapUrvaka girinAra parvata para unake siddha buddha aura mukta hone kI bAta apane vyAkhyAna meM kahI hai| zatruJjaya parvata para una pAMcoM pANDavoM kI mUttiyAM Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| isI prakAra nAsikyapura ke zrI candraprabha jinAlaya meM bhI pAMcoM pANDavoM kI mUttiyAM haiN| kedAra mahAtIrtha meM mere ina bandhutroM ke dharmagranthoM ke ullekhAnusAra tIna sau kI saMkhyA vAle vyAsa dvArA variMgata pAMDavoM meM se koI pAMDava hoMge, unake sambandha meM hameM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai / jisa prakAra gaMgA kisI kI paitRka sampatti nahIM, usI prakAra jJAna bhI kisI kI paitRka sampatti nahIM hai| yaha veda niSNAta smRtiyoM ke pAragAmI vidvAn hI batAeM ki vyAsa ne jina pANDavoM kA himAdri para avasAna hone kA varNana kiyA hai, ve ina uparilikhita tIna sau, pAMcapAMDavoM meM se kaunase pAMDava the ?"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 356 prAcArya zrI hemacandra ke mahAbhArata purANollikhita yuktisaMgata uttara ko suna kara mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne apanA nirNaya dete hue kahA :- "jainAcArya maharSi hemacandra ne jo kucha kahA hai vaha vastutaH satya hai| he dvijottamo ! aba inake kathana ke uttara meM aApake pAsa koI tathyapUrNa pramANa hoM to unheM prastuta kariye / maiM saba darzanoM kA samAna rUpa se sammAna karatA huuN| isake pramANa haiM mere dvArA nirmApita sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ke devasthAna / Apa logoM ko bhI isI prakAra sabhI dharmoM ke prati, sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ke prati samAna sammAnabhAva rakhakara apanI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA paricaya denA caahiye|" sabhI abhiyoga prastutakartAoM ko nitAnta mauna evaM niruttara dekhakara mahArAja jayasiMha ne prAcAryazrI hemacandra kA satkAra karate hue kahA : "mahapin ! Apa apane AgamoM ke anusAra niHsaMkoca vyAkhyAna kIjiye, isameM aNumAtra bhI dUSaNa nahIM hai|" yaha kahakara pattanAdhipati ne sabako sammAnapUrvaka vidA kiyA / pattana nivAsI sabhI vargoM evaM sabhI dharmoM ke loga prAcAryazrI hemacandra kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA karate hue kahane lage :--"siddha sArasvata prAcAryazrI hemacandra na kevala jaina grAgamoM aura jaina darzanoM ke hI apitu sabhI darzanoM ke, siddhAnta zAstroM evaM dharmagranthoM ke pAradRzvA vidvAn haiN|" isa ghaTanA se yatra-tatra-sarvatra jinazAsana kI apUrva mahimA evaM prabhAvanA huI / jaina kSitija meM hemacandrasUri madhyAhna ke sUrya ke samAna daidIpyamAna ho jana-jana ke antarmana ko AdhyAtmika pAloka se pAlokita karane lge| prAcAryazrI hemacandramUri ne jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra aura jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke sAtha-sAtha usa samaya ke logoM ke antarmana meM ghara kiye hue dhArmika asahigatA ke saMskAroM ko nimala karane ke liye bhI aneka prakAra ke ullekhanIya kArya kiye / ve sabhI dharmoM kA pUrNa rUpa se sammAna karate the| isI prakAra ve anya darzanoM ke vidvAnoM kA bhI samAdara karane ke sAtha-sAtha unake prati bar3I udAratA prakaTa karate rahate the / apanI isa prakAra kI samanvayavAdI nIti ke mAdhyama se gurjara pradeza meM bAmika asahiSNutA ke unmUlana kI dizA meM athaka prayAsa kiye| unakI isa prakAra kI samanvayavAdI nIti kA eka bar3A hI rocaka udAharaNa prabhAvaka caritra meM upalabdha hotA hai| eka bAra bhAgavata dharmAnuyAyI devabodha nAmaka eka prakANDa paNDita muni mahArAja jayasiMha kI sabhA meM upasthita huaA / vaha ucca koTi kA Azu kavi thA / mamasyApUtti ke kSetra meM to usakA ekachatrAtmaka adhikAra thaa| usane pATana kI
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________________ 360 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 rAjyasabhA meM apanI kavitva zakti se aneka ucca koTi ke kaviyoM ko hataprabha kara diyaa| pATana kI rAjya sabhA meM usa devabodha ne gurjara rAjya ke lokapriya Azukavi ko nimnalikhita zloka ke pATha ke sAtha sabake samakSa haMso kA pAtra banA diyaa| vaha zloka isa prakAra hai : zukraH kavitvamApannaH, ekAkSI vikalo'pi san / cakSurdvayavihInasya, yuktA te kavirAjatA / / 208 / / arthAt eka prAMkha se vikala hote hue bhI zukrAcArya kavitAeM karatA hai| yaha to kisI prakAra kSamya hai kintu donoM netroM se janmAndha hote hue bhI pro kavi ziromaNi ! zrIpAla ! tuma jo kavitAoM kI racanA karate ho kyA tumhAre liye kavirAjatA ucita hai ? pATana kA rAjyasabhA bhavana sabhyoM ke aTTahAsa se gujarita ho uThA / zrIpAla ko utsAhita karate hue mahArAja jayasiMha ne unheM aAdeza diyA ki ve kaThina se kaThina vikaTa samasyAeM bhAgavata kavi ke samakSa prastuta kreN| zrIpAla kavi ne gurjarezvara kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara aneka prakAra kI jaTila se jaTila samasyAeM devabodha ke samakSa rkkhiiN| grAzu kavi devabodha ne tatkAla una sabhI samasyAoM kI pUtti kara mahArAja siddharAja sahita sabhI sabhyoM ko camatkRta evaM AzcaryAbhibhUta kara diyaa| pratyeka sabhAsada ne devabodha kI kAvya pratibhA kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA kii| apanI isa vijaya ke unmAda meM devabodha ne mahArAja siddharAja se nivedana kiyA :-rAjan ! eka nitAnta nirakSara bhaTTAcArya ko rAjya sabhA meM upasthita karavAyA jAya / phira dekhiye mAM bhAratI kA camatkAra ! kucha hI kSaNoM meM rAjapuruSoM ne eka nitAnta mUr3ha evaM anapar3ha vyakti ko sabhA ke samakSa devabodha ke pAsa upasthita kiyA, jo ki bhaiMsoM kA caravAhA thA / bhAgavata vidvAn devabodha ne kucha asphuTa uccAraNa kara apanA hAtha bhaMsoM ke caravAhe usa vyakti ke sira para rakha diyA aura kahA :- "sunAyo koI adbhut kavitA !" bhaiMsoM ke caravAhe ne tatkAla nimnalikhita zloka kA eka udbhaTa vidvAn kI bhAMti zuddha evaM spaSTa rUpa se uccAraNa kara sampUrNa rAjyasabhA ko camatkRta evaM Azcarya ke athAha sAgara meM nimagna kara diyA : taM naumi yatkarasparzAt vyAmohama line hRdi / sadyaH sampadyate gadyapadyabandhavidagdhatA / / 235 / /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ arthAt -- maiM usa alaukika kAvya pratibhA ke dhanI ko namaskAra karatA hUM jisake karatala ke sparza mAtra se athAha prajJAnAndhakAra ke AgAra mere hRdaya meM bhI sahasA kAvya racanA kI vilakSaNa pratibhA udbhUta ho uThI hai / rAjya sabhA ke samasta sadasyoM kI prAzcarya vibhora visphArita dRSTi bhAratI devI labdha prasAda mahAkavi devabodha ke mukha maNDala para kendrita ho gaI / siddharAja jayasiMha kI prasannatA kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA / unhoMne tatkAla eka lAkha mudrAeM devabodha ko pAritoSika ke rUpa meM pradAna kIM / 361 kavi samUha meM sadA ucca koTi kA sammAna prApta karane vAlA prajJAcakSu zrIpAla kavi usa bhAgavat kavi kI kAvya pratibhA se prabhAvita to huA kintu usake dvArA rAjya sabhA ke samakSa kiyA gayA apamAna usake hRdaya meM zalya kI taraha cubhane lagA / usane apane vizvasta anucaroM ko usa ahaMkArI kavi devabodha ke chidrAnveSaNa ke liye niyukta kiyA / zrIpAla ko apane kArya meM pUrNa saphalatA milI / zrIpAla ke anucaroM ne use sUcita kiyA ki rAtri ke samaya paNDita devabodha madya pIkara unmatta ho nadItaTa para madonmattoM kI bhAMti pralApa karatA huA aneka prakAra kI hIna lIlAeM karatA hai / pUrNa rUpeNa Azvasta ho jAne ke pazcAt zrIpAla ne siddharAja jayasiMha ke samakSa devabodha ke madyapI hone kI bAta rakhakara aura chadmaveSa meM rAtri ke samaya unheM nadI ke taTa para le jAkara cAlukyarAja ko pratyakSa dikhA diyA ki devabodha kisa prakAra pracura mAtrA meM madyapAna kara unmatta ho apane anucaroM ke sAtha anargala pralApa karatA huA azobhanIya mudrA meM nAca rahA hai / siddharAja jayasiMha ne kaMTIlI jhAr3iyoM meM chipakara yaha dekhA / to yaha dekhakara mahArAja jayasiMha ko usase bar3I ghRNA huI / ve mana hI mana socane lage ki saMsAra kaisA vicitra hai ki isa prakAra ke vidvAn aura dharma ke karNadhAra bhI apanI maryAdA ko lAMghakara isa prakAra ke niMdya karma karate haiM / yadi isa samaya maiM prakaTa hokara ise kucha bhI nahIM kahatA hUM to prAtaHkAla yaha apane isa durAcaraNa ko kabhI svIkAra nahIM karegA / jisa samaya rAjA isa prakAra vicAra kara rahA thA usa samaya rAtri ke ghanAndhakAra ko dUra karatA huA AkAza meM candra prakaTa huA / prakAza ke prakaTa hote hI devabodha kI unmattatA aura bar3hI / usane madyapAtra se pAnapAtra meM aura madirA uMDelI aura apane anucaroM se kahane lagA--"lo eka-eka pyAlA aura pIgro / " yaha kahate hue usane eka-eka pAnapAtra sabako pilAyA aura eka pyAlA bharakara svayaM ne bhI piyA / tadanantara usane apane sAthiyoM se kahA :- "acchA, aba aura pIveM yA apane sthAna para caleM / " yaha sunakara apane prakaTa hone kA samucita avasara dekha siddharAja jhAr3iyoM se nikalA aura devabodha ke samakSa upasthita ho bolA :- " aisI svAdiSTa vastu se kauna mUrkha apanA muMha mor3egA ? lAiye hameM bhI hamArA bhAga dIjiye / " kSaNa bhara vicAra karate hI jaise usakI praraNaSTa pratibhA lauTa AI ho devabodha ne kahA : - "aho ! hamArA saubhAgya hai ki ApakA yahAM padArpaNa huA /
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________________ 362 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 hama ApakA hArdika vRrddhApana karate haiM / " isa prakAra varddhApana ke anantara svarNapAtra bharakara devabodha ne rAjA ke hAtha meM samarpita kiyA / yaha dekhakara siddharAja jayasiMha ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA ki vaha svarNapAtra madirA se nahIM dUdha se bharA hai / rAjA ne usa pAtra ko proSThoM se chUA aura use amRta tulya mIThA svAdayukta pAkara pIliyA | adRSTa zakti se parAvartita usa peya ko pI lene ke anantara bhI rAjA yaha nizcaya nahIM kara sakA ki vaha dUdha thA athavA madya / rAjA ne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA ki yadi isane vastutaH madirA ko dUdha ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA hai to yaha bhI eka isakI adbhut zakti hI hai / tadanantara mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha apane rAjaprAsAda kI ora aura devabodha apane nivAsasthAna kI ora prasthita hue / prAtaHkAla rAjasabhA meM upasthita hokara kavi devabodha ne mahArAja jayasiMha se nivedana kiyA :-" - "mahArAja ! maiM tIrthayAtrA karanA cAhatA hUM isaliye Apase pUchane AyA hUM / " mahArAja jayasiMha ko devabodha se ghRNA ho gaI thI / isa tathya se devabodha bhI pUrNataH paricita ho gayA thaa| donoM ke bIca paraspara rahasyapUrNa DhaMga se vArtAlApa hu / yadyapi siddharAja nahIM cAhate the ki isa prakAra kA bhraSTa caritra kavi unake vahAM rahe tathApi sabhA ke samakSa kRtrima bhakti prakaTa karate hue unhoMne kahA :- " rAjA loga to nirmala cAritra vAle muniyoM ke kRpA prasAda se hI pRthvI kA pAlana karate haiM isaliye he munIzvara ! merI grApase yahI prArthanA hai ki prApa mere deza ke andara hI raheM / mahAtmA apane zraddhAlu bhaktoM kI prArthanA ko kabhI nahIM ThukarAte / Apa merI prArthanA ko svIkAra kreN| mere rAjya ke andara hI rahe / " mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kI isa prakAra granunaya vinayapUrNa prArthanA ko sunakara muni devabodha bar3A prasanna hugrA aura apane grAzrama meM hI rahane lagA / vastutaH siddharAja jayasiMha ko devabodha se pUrI taraha ghRNA ho gaI thI ataH devabodha ko pahale jo bheMTa rAjakoSa se milatI thI vaha banda kara dI gii| rAjakoSa se Ane vAlI prAya ke prabhAva meM muktahasta ho atyadhika vyaya karane vAle devabodha kI grArthika sthiti uttarottara vigar3atI hI gaI aura zanai-zanai vaha RraNa ke bhAra se daba gayA aura svayaM ke tathA granucaroM ke udarapopaNa ke liye use bhikSAvRtti kA sahArA lenA par3A / apane caroM ke mAdhyama se prajJAcakSu kavi zrIpAla ko bhAgavat muni devabodha kI duravasthA ke samAcAra pratidina' jJAtaM hote rahate / eka dina kavi zrIpAla ne prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hokara nivedana kiyA :- "bhagavan ! isa samaya usa duScaritra grahammAnI bhAgavat muni devabodha kI prArthika sthiti pratyanta dayanIya ho cukI hai / use bhikSAvRtti meM mile rUkhe sUkhe granna se udarapoSaNa karanA par3atA hai | merA sunizcita anumAna hai ki graba vaha grApake pAsa grAvegA aura Apake mAdhyama se rAjakoSa se apanI AvazyakatAnusAra dravya prApta karane aura apane RNa ke bhAra se mukta hone kA prayAsa karegA / merI grApase yahI prArthanA hai ki isa prakAra I
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 363 ke duScaritra evaM abhimAna ke mUrta svarUpa patita muni kI, duHkhapUrNa duravasthA se dravita ho jAne vAle Apa, kisI bhI prakAra kI sahAyatA na kreN| mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ko bhUmi para biThAkara aura svayaM ucca Asana para baiThakara upadeza karane vAle usa abhimAnI ko usake durAcAra kA phala mila rahA hai| mujhe apane caroM se vidita hanA hai ki aba ekamAtra Apa hI usake AzA kendra rahe haiN| apane anucaroM se vaha yaha kahatA sunA gayA hai ki aba to rAjamAnya hemacandrasUri ke atirikta mujhe RNa se mukta karA dene vAlA aura koI dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| maiM to yahI samucita samajhatA hUM ki isa prakAra ke ghUrta evaM chadma muni kI kisI bhI prakAra kI sahAyatA nahIM kI jAnI cAhiye / kyoMki aise patita kA koI bhI vijJa muha taka bhI dekhanA nahIM caahtaa|" kavi zrIpAla ke mukha se bhAgavat muni devabodha ke sambandha meM saba bAteM dhyAnapUrvaka sunane ke anantara prAcAryazrI hemacandra ne kahA :--"kavirAja ! Apane jo kucha kahA hai vastutaH vaha ThIka hI kahA hai| para vAstavikatA yaha hai ki Aja devabodha ke samAna sarasvatI kA varaprApta vidvAn anyatra koI dRSTi-gocara nahIM hotA / hama to usake eka isI guNa para mugdha hone ke kAraNa usakA sammAna karate haiM / yadi vaha viSavihIna sarpa kI bhAMti mlAna mukha ho hamAre pAsa AtA hai aura apane abhISTa kI pUtti meM asaphala rahatA hai to anya kisa sthAna se use sahAyatA prApta ho sakatI hai ? kyoMki usakI apakItti sarvatra vyApta ho cukI hai|" ___ kavirAja zrIpAla ne pratyuttara meM nivedana kiyA :-"maharSin ! maiMne to apane antarmana kI bAta Apake sanmukha rakha dii| Apa saba ke pUjya aura jJAna ke nidhAna haiM / Apa apanI garimA ke anusAra phira jaisA ucita samajhe vahI kreN|" / dUsare hI dina madhyAhnakAla meM kSudhAtura bhAgavat muni devabodha hemacandrasUri ke upAzraya ke dvAra para upasthita huA / pratihAra ne jyoM hI Akara prAcAryazrI hemacandra ko devabodha ke Ane kI sUcanA dI, ve apane prAsana se uTha khar3e hue aura sudhAsikta mRdu svara meM bole :-"svAgatam ! Aiye Aiye sarasvatI labdha vara prasAda ! vidvadvareNya ! mere isa ardhAsana para baiThiye / " 1 apane yuga ke eka mahAn AcArya dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye sammAna se bhAgavat muni devabodha gad-gad ho uThA / usane mana hI mana yaha vicAra kiyA-"nizcita rUpa se mere marma kI bAtoM se ye bhalI-bhAMti avagata haiM / yA to kisI ne mere viSaya meM inheM saba kucha batA diyA hai athavA ye apane prajJAtizaya se svayameva jAna gaye haiN| kucha bhI ho| yaha apane samaya ke ucca koTi ke vidvAn haiN| Aja ke yuga meM aisA kauna hai 1. prabhAvaka caritra, hemacandrasUri kA prakaraNa /
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________________ 364 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 jo puNya aura vidyA donoM hI kI dRSTi se inakI tulanA meM Thahara sakatA ho / " isa prakAra UhApoha meM magna devabodha ko sambodhita karate hue prAcArya hemacandra ne apane prAsana para baiThane kA Agraha bharA iMgita karate hue kahA :--"Aja kA dina kitanA puNyazAlI dina hai ki Apa jaise kalAnidhi ne ghara baiThe mujhe darzana diye haiM / yaha kahate hue AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne devabodha kA karAvalambana karate hue apane prAsana para bitthaayaa| / usa samaya bhAgavat muni devabodha ko aisA pratIta huA mAno sAkSAt sarasvatI manuSya kA rUpa dhAraNa kiye hue prAcAryazrI hemacandra ke rUpa meM usake pAsa meM virAjamAna hai / devabodha ne hemacandrasUri ke prati hArdika kRtajJatA abhivyakta karate hue zraddhA sumana ke rUpa meM nimnalikhita zloka kA sasvara uccAraNa kiyA : pAtu vo hema gopAlaH, kambalaM daNDamudvahan / SaDdarzana pazugrAmam, cArayanjainagocare // 304 / / arthAt kandhe para kambala aura hAtha meM daNDa dhAraNa kiye hue, chahoM darzanoM ke pazunoM ke samUhoM ko (chahoM darzanoM ke anuyAyiyoM ko) jainadharma rUpI gocara bhUmi meM carAtA huA yaha hema gopAla saMsAra ke saba prANiyoM kI rakSA kare / isa zloka ko sunate hI prAcAryazrI hemacandra kI sevA meM baiThe hue santavRnda ke sAtha hI sAtha upAsakoM kA vizAla samUha harSAtireka se jhUma utthaa| devabodha ke isa kathana kI kAvyamayI kalpanA aura kAvya pratibhA para upasthita janasamUha ke kaNTha svaroM se 'sAdhu sAdhu' svara haThAt hI gujarita ho uThA / pArasparika kuzalakSema kI pRcchA ke anantara hemacaMdrasUri ne kavirAja zrIpAla ko bulAkara devabodha aura zrIpAla ke bIca katipaya dinoM se cala rahe pArasparika manomAlinya ko dUra kiyA / tadanantara kavirAja zrIpAla ko mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ke pAsa bhejakara rAjyakopa se devabodha ko eka lAkha mudrAeM pradAna karavAI / anya darzana evaM usake vidvAna ke prati prAcAryazrI hemacandra ke stati, sammAna evaM anupama audAryabhAva ko dekhakara devabodha kA eka prakAra se kAyApalaTa hI ho gyaa| usane mana hI mana tatkSaNa mAnava mAtra ko rasAtala ko yora le jAne vAlI madyapI vRtti ko sadA sarvadA ke liye jalAMjali de dI / prAcAryazrI hemacandra ke prati apane hAva-bhAva evaM roma-roma se hAdika kRtajJatA prakaTa karatA huyA devabodha rAjakopa se prApta huI pracura dhanarAzi ko sAtha le apane Azrama kI aora lauTa gyaa| usane saba RNadAtAoM kA RNa cukA kara pUrvAcarita sabhI prakAra ke nindya AcAra kA jIvana bhara ke liye pUrNa rUpeNa parityAga kara diyA / prabhu kI sAkSI se vizuddha muni aAcAra ko aMgokAra kara gaMgA ke taTa para calA gayA aura vahAM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM nirata ho gayA / yaha AcAryazrI hemacaMdra kI samanvayavAdI nIti aura utkaTa udAratA kA hI camatkAra thA ki eka patita vyakti punaH pUjya bana gyaa|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 365 sabhI dharmoM ke prati sammAnajanaka vyavahAra aura bhAgavat dharma ke muni devabodha ke prati prAcAryazrI hemacandra dvArA prakaTa kI gaI anupama udAratA se cAroM ora hemacandrasUri kI adhikAdhika yazogAthAeM gAI jAne lagI aura jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA huii| prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kI sarvadharmasamabhAva nIti kA eka aura udAharaNa prabhAvaka caritra meM upalabdha hotA hai| bhAgavat muni devabodha ko eka lAkha mudrAoM kA dAna karane ke anantara mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne tIrthayAtrA ke liye prasthAna kiyaa| apane isa nizcaya ke pUrva hI mahArAja jayasiMha ne hemacandrasUri se prArthanA kI ki tIrthATana meM ve bhI sAtha-sAtha padhAreM / tIrthayAtrArtha prasthAna karate samaya mahArAja jayasiMha ne prAcArya hemacandra ko pragAr3ha Agraha ke sAtha anurodha kiyA ki ve eka pAlakI meM baiThakara tIrthayAtrA meM unakA sAtha deN| kintu hemacandrasUri ne muni ke AcAra ke viruddha cAlukyarAja dvArA kiye gaye prAgrahapUrNa anurodha ko asvIkAra karate hue padacAra se hI vizAla bhU-bhAga kI yAtrA kii| putrAbhAva ke duHkha se prapIDita siddharAja jayasiMha ne AcAryazrI hemacandra ke sAtha zatruJjaya, raivatakAcala, ujjayanta mahAtIrtha Adi aneka tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI / ina tIrthoM meM mahArAja jayasiMha ne siMhAsana-Asana Adi kA kabhI upayoga nahIM kiyA, usane ina jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI avadhi meM pRthvItala ko hI sadA apanA siMhAsana samajhA / ina tIrthoM meM cAlukyarAja jayasiMha ne puNyArjana ke liye jinamaMdiroM ko grAmadAna, dravyadAna Adi aneka prakAra ke vipula dAna diye / ujjayanta tIrtha para bhagavAn neminAtha ke bimba ko bhaktipUrvaka vandana namana karane ke anantara gurjareza ne sadA ke liye vahAM ye maryAdAeM nirdhArita kara dI ki isa tIrtha meM kadApi koI vyakti maMca-palaMga Adi para nahIM soyegaa| strIsaMga, sUtakakarma aura dahI kA viloDana vahAM sadA ke liye niSiddha kara diyA gayA / 'prabhAvaka caritra' ke ullekhAnusAra isake racanAkAra AcArya prabhAcandra ke samaya taka siddharAja jayasiMha dvArA sthApita kI gaI ina maryAdAoM kA isa tIrtha meM pUrNa rUpa se pAlana kiyA jAtA rhaa| uparilikhita jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane ke anantara siddharAja jayasiMha zrI hemacandrasUri ke sAtha somezvara tIrtha meM bhagavAn somezvara ke maMdira meM gyaa| vahAM hemacandrasUri ko paramAtmasvarUpa se parama saMtoSa huaa| kisI kA virodha nahIM karanA arthAt sarvadharmasamanvaya kI nIti ko apanAnA hI mukti kA parama sAdhana hai, isa prakAra vicAra karate hue prAcArya zrI hemacandra ne nimnalikhita zloka ke sasvara pATha ke sAtha bhagavAn somezvara ke liMga ko namaskAra kiyA :-- yatra tatra samaye yathA tathA, yo'si so'syabhidhayA yayA tayA / vItadoSakaluSaH sa ced bhavAneka eva bhagavannamo'stu te / / 347 / / 1. sUrizca tuSTuve tatra paramAtmavasrUpataH / nanAma cAvirodho hi, mukteH parama kAraNam / / 346 / /
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________________ 366 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa----bhAga 4 prabhAvaka caritra ke isa ullekha se spaSTataH yahI siddha hotA hai ki prAcAryazrI hemacandra saba dharmoM ke prati, saba dharmoM ke prArAdhya devoM ke prati sammAna prakaTa karane vAle aura samanvayavAda ke prabala pakSadhara the| somezvara tIrtha meM bhagavAn somezvara kI pUjA arcA evaM vahAM aneka prakAra ke mahAdAna pradAna karane ke anantara mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha prAcArya zrI hemacandra ke sAtha koTinagara meM avasthita ambikA ke maMdira meM phuNce| ambikA ke maMdira meM gurjarAdhipa jayasiMha ne apanI santativihInAvasthA se prapIr3ita ho ambikA kI aneka dinoM taka vidhivat upAsanA kI / AcAryazrI hemacandra ne bhI tIna dina taka uposita rahate hue dhyAnamagna ho zAsanAdhiSThAtrI ambikAdevI kA AhvAna karate hue aArAdhana kiyaa| tIsare dina ke upavAsa kI rAtri ke avasAnakAla meM ambikAdevI hemacandrasUri ke samakSa prakaTa huI aura usane hemacandrAcArya ko sambodhita karate hue kahA- "suno mune ! narAdhipa jayasiMha ke aura isake cacere bhAI kumArapAla ke saMtAna kA yoga nahIM hai| isa samaya aisA koI puNyazAlI prANI bhI nahIM hai jo inameM se kisI ke putra ke rUpa meM utpanna ho / rAjA jayasiMha ke pazcAt isakA bhrAtRja kumArapAla gurjara rAjya kA rAjA hogaa| vaha vipula puNya aura yazokIti ajita karane vAlA pratApI rAjA hogaa| vaha rAjA kumArapAla vijayAbhiyAnoM meM anya katipaya rAjyoM ko prApta kara unakA upabhoga kregaa|" yaha kara ambikAdevI adRzya ho gii| jaba siddharAja jayasiMha ko hemacandrasUri ke mukha se ambikA dvArA kahI huI yaha bAta vidita huI ki usake saMtAna kA koI yoga nahIM hai to vaha bar3A duHkhI huyA aura bhArI mana liye vaha prAcAryazrI ke sAtha apahillapura paTTaNa lauTa AyA / apanI rAjadhAnI meM pahuMcane ke pazcAt putra kI prAzA ke bhaMga ho jAne ke kAraNa udvignamanA siddharAja ne jyotiSa zAstra meM niSNAta aneka jyotiSiyoM ko apane prAsAda meM bulAyA aura unase bhI pUchA ki usake saMtAna hone kA yoga hai athavA nhiiN| una jyotirvidoM ne sabhA prakAra ke jyotiSa zAstroM, prazna cUr3AmaNi, sAmudrika zAstra, pAsA kevali Adi aneka vidhiyoM se cintana manana ke anantara sarva sammata nirNaya para pahu~ca kara mahArAja jayasiMha se yahI kahA ki Apake saMtAna kA yoga nahIM hai / svargIya cAlukya narezvara karNa mahArAja ke putra devaprasAda tathA devaprasAda ke putra tribhuvanapAla kA putra kumArapAla, jo ki Apake cacere bhAI kA putra hai vahI Apake pazcAt vizAla gurjara rAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para AsIna hogA / samasta naimittika zAstroM se yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai jo acala, aTala aura avazyambhAvI hai / bhAvI rAjA kumArapAla aneka rAjAoM ko yuddha meM parAjita kara unake rAjyoM ko gurjara rAjya meM sammilita kregaa| nimittazAstroM ke parijJAna se yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki kumArapAla eka mahApratApI rAjA hogA aura usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt pratApI cAlukyavaMza kA rAjya naSTaprAyaH ho jAyagA / sabhI pramukha nimittajJoM ke isa
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 367 prakAra ke nirNaya ko sunakara siddharAja jayasiMha bar3A khinna huaa| isa bAta ko bhalI-bhAMti jAnate hue bhI ki 'avazyambhAvino bhAvA bhavanti mahatAmapi' siddharAja jayasiMha dveSAbhibhUta ho kumArapAla ke prANApahAra ke liye vyagra ho utthaa| isase pahale ki siddharAja usakI hatyA ke liye koI Sar3ayantra kI racanA kare, kumArapAla. ko kisI bhAMti saMdeha ho gayA aura vaha aNahillapura se cupacApa palAyana kara zaiva darzana meM jaTAjaTa tApasa kA veSa banAkara rahane lagA / siddharAja jayasiMha ne kumArapAla ko khoja nikAlane ke liye apane vizvasta caroM ko aneka dizAoM meM bheja diyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt rAjA jayasiMha ko usake guptacara ne sUcanA dI ki araNahillapura paTTaraNa meM 300 jaTAdhArI tApasoM kI eka jamAta AI huI hai / usa jamAta meM kumArapAla bhI jaTAjUTadhArI tApasa ke bheSa meM vidyamAna hai| siddharAja jayasiMha ne kumArapAla ko khoja nikAlane aura yama kA atithi banAne ke lakSya se una tIna sau tApasoM ko bhojana ke lie apane rAjaprAsAda meM nimantrita kiyA / mahArAja jayasiMha ko yaha vidita thA ki kumArapAla ke padatala meM padma evaM vizAla Urdhva rekhA ke cihna aMkita haiM / usa cihna ko dekha kara sahaja hI kumArapAla ko pahicAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra mana hI mana vicAra kara rAjA svayaM samAgata atithi tApasoM ke pairoM kA prakSAlana karane lgaa| aneka tApasoM ke rAjA dvArA pAda prakSAlana kiye jAne ke anantara jaba tApasa ke chadmaveSadhara kumArapAla kI bArI AI aura rAjA usake pairoM kA prakSAlana karane lagA to uparilikhita donoM cihnoM kA aMgulI sparza se bodha hote hI siddharAja jayasiMha sazaMka ho utthaa| vaha apane anumAna kI puSTi ke liye sAvadhAnIpUrvaka padma aura UrdhvarekhA ke cihnoM ko apanI aMguliyoM se TaTolane lgaa| kumArapAla ko tatkAla AzaMkA ho gaI ki aba atizIghra hI usa para prANApahArI saMkaTa pAne vAlA hai / dUsare tApasa ke caraNa dhone se pUrva apane anucaroM ko mahArAja jayasiMha saMketa kareM isase pUrva hI kumArapAla tApasoM kI proTa meM chipatA huaA tvarita gati se apane pUrva paricita rAjaprAsAda ke kisI gupta dvAra meM praviSTa ho vaha rAjaprAsAda se bAhara nikala bhAgA / apanI prANarakSA ke liye hemacandrasUri ke upAzraya ke atirikta anya koI sarvAdhika surakSita sthAna nahIM ho sakatA / isa prakAra vicAra kara kumArapAla hemacandrasUri kI vasati meM praviSTa ho hAtha jor3akara unase nivedana karane lagA :"mahArAja ! cAlukyarAja jayasiMha mujhe mAranA cAhate haiM / merI unase rakSA kreN|" hemacandrasUri ne tatkAla kumArapAla ko tAr3apatroM se bharI eka koTharI meM tAr3apatroM ke nIce chipA diyaa| kumArapAla kI khoja meM sabhI ora daur3ate hue jayasiMha ke sainikoM ne AcAryazrI hemacandra ke upAzraya meM praviSTa ho unase pUchA aura upAzraya meM cAroM aora dekhane para bhI kumArapAla ko na pA ve vahAM se lauTa gye| rAtri meM ghanAndhakAra
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________________ 368 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 4 vyApta hone taka kumArapAla una tAr3apatroM ke nIce chipA rhaa| rAtri meM cAroM ora nistabdhatA dekha AcAryazrI ne kumArapAla ko koTharI se bAhara nikAlA aura kahA :-"aba tuma nirjana vanoM meM hote hue yathAzIghra gurjara rAjya kI sImA se bAhara cale jaao|" latA gulmoM aura vRkSoM ke samUha se Acchanna vikaTa vanoM evaM parvatoM ko pAra karatA huA kumArapAla vAmadeva ke tapovana meM aayaa| vahAM tIrtha meM snAna kara usane punaH jaTAdhara tApasa kA veSa dhAraNa kiyA aura nirbhaya ho Age bddh'aa| jyoMhI vaha Aliga nAmaka eka kumbhakAra ke ghara ke pAsa pahu~cA usane ghor3oM ke pauDa kI dhvani sunI / yaha socakara ki usakA kAla usakA pIchA kara rahA hai, kumArapAla usa kulAla ke ghara meM ghusa gayA aura usase kahA :- "mujhe kahIM chipAkara mere prANoM kI rakSA kro|" kumbhakAra ne tatkAla use miTTI ke baratana pakAne ke nIvAha ke eka kone meM kacce bhANDoM ke bIca chipA diyA aura Upara kaNTaka, kASTha, kaNDe aura ghAsa-phUsa Adi DAla diye / kumhAra ne bar3I caturAI se usa nIvAha ke eka kone meM Aga bhI lagA dii| usI samaya rAjapuruSa daur3ate hue usa kumbhakAra ke ghara meM ghuse aura kumbhakAra se pUchA :-"kyA yahAM eka yuvaka AyA thA ?" kumhAra ne tapAk se uttara diyA :-"nahIM, mahArAja ! yahAM to koI nahIM aayaa| Apa acchI taraha se ghara aura bAr3e ko aura dekha liijiye|" sainikoM ne bar3I sAvadhAnI ke sAtha ghara ke bAhara-andara cAroM ora ghUma-ghUma kara dekhA / nIvAha meM agni kI jvAlAeM uTha rahI thI isalie usa ora koI sainika nahIM gayA / kumhAra ke ghara meM kumArapAla ko kahIM na pA sainika Age kI ora bar3ha gaye / sainikoM ke bahuta dUra nikala jAne para kumhAra ne jalate hue nIvAha kI ora tejI se bar3hakara dekhA ki abhI Aga kI lapaTeM, jisa sthAna para Agantuka chipA hai, usase paryApta dUrI para hai / usane santoSa kI sAMsa lI aura kumArapAla ko nIvAha se bAhara nikAla kara eka aora ghAsa-phUsa ke Dhera kI proTa meM chipA diyaa| bar3I sAvadhAnI se cAroM ora dekhakara kumhAra ne kumArapAla ko bhojana krvaayaa| rAtri ke samaya meM kumArapAla kumbhakAra ke prati hArdika kRtajJatA prakaTa kara vikaTa vana kI ora bar3ha gyaa| isa prakAra ghUmate-ghUmate paryApta samaya vyatIta ho gyaa| eka dina vaha stambha tIrtha meM gyaa| vahAM prAcAryazrI hemacandra cAturmAsAvAsArtha virAjamAna the| nagara meM idhara-udhara ghUmatA huA kumArapAla saMyogavazAta hemacandrasUri ke upAzraya meM pahu~cA aura sUrIzvara kA vyAkhyAna sunane baiTha gyaa| prAcAryazrI ne chadmaveSa meM hote hue bhI lakSaNAdi se kumArapAla ko pahicAna liyaa| vyAkhyAna samApta hone ke anantara unhoMne kumArapAla ko ekAnta sthAna meM le jAkara kahA :--"rAjaputra ! abhI kucha samaya ke liye aura dhairya dhAraNa karo / Aja se sAtaveM varSa meM tuma vizAla gurjara rAjya ke svAmI bana jaanoge|"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrari [ 366 kumArapAla ne "yadi aisA huA, to usa rAjya ke svAmI vastutaH Apa hI hoMge kintu merA nivedana hai ki sAta varSa jaisI lamvI avadhi maiM kaise pAra kara sakU~gA kyoMki Aja hI mere pAsa nirvAha ke lie kucha bhI nahIM hai|" __AcAryazrI ne tatkAla apane eka zrAvaka ko kahakara kumArapAla ko 32 . dramma (eka prakAra kI mudrA) dilavAye aura kahA-"merI eka bAta sAvadhAnIpUrvaka suno / Aja se tumheM daridratA kA duHkha kabhI nahIM dekhanA par3egA / tumheM mere ina vyavasAyI zrAvakoM se bhojana, vastra Adi kI yathAsamaya prApti hotI rhegii|" tadanantara kumArapAla AcAryazrI ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa kara unheM vandana karatA huA ajJAta lakSya kI ora prasthita huaa| kabhI usane kApAlika kA bheSa dhAraNa kiyA to kabhI kaula kA to kabhI zaiva kaa| isa prakAra aneka veSa badalatA huA kumArapAla vibhinna pradezoM ke bhinna-bhinna grAmoM evaM nagaroM meM bhramaNa karatA rahA aura usane binA kisI kaThinAI ke sAta varSa kI avadhi vyatIta kara dii| bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra rAjasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha hone kA samaya sannikaTa Ane para kumArapAla aNahillapura paTTana phuNcaa| prAcAryazrI hemacandra ke upAzraya meM praviSTa ho vaha prAcAryazrI ke rikta paTTa para unake darzanoM kI pratIkSA meM baiTha gyaa| usI samaya AcAryazrI hemacandra upAzraya meM praviSTa hue aura kumArapAla ko apane paTTa para baiThA dekhakara nizcayAtmaka svara meM bole-"kumAra ! aba to nizcita rUpa se Apa rAjasiMhAsana para baiThoge / mere paTTa para tumhArA isa prakAra baiThanA isI bhAvI kI sUcanA detA hai / " ___ tadanantara kumArapAla rAjaprAsAda kI ora bddh'aa| rAjaprAsAda ke bAhara use gurjara rAjya ke mantriyoM ne dekhA aura ve use AdarapUrvaka rAjaprAsAda meM le gye| ve sabhI mantrigaNa AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri dvArA pUrva meM kI gaI bhaviSyavANI se avagata the / mantrI kRSNadeva ne kumArapAla se kahA-"mahArAja ! siddharAja jayasiMha kA dehAvasAna ho gayA hai| do rAjakumAra rAjasiMhAsana ke pratyAzI ke rUpa meM andara baiThe hue haiM / Apa bhI paaiye| mantrivara kRSNadeva ne eka pratyAzI rAjakumAra ko usakI yogyatA kI parIkSA hetu paTTa para biThAyA / para vaha paTTa para baiThate samaya apane vastroM ko bhI sameTa nahIM sakA / usakA uttarIya nIce gira par3A / sabhI mantriyoM ne use ayogya ghoSita karate hue dUsare pratyAzI ko paTTa para bitthaayaa| usane bhI paTTa para baiThate hI upasthita mantrI samUha ko hAtha jor3a kara apanA mastaka jhukAyA / eka vayovRddha mantrI ne kahA-"yaha to isa vizAla gurjara rAjya kI cappA-cappA bhUmi zatrurAjAoM ko samarpita kara degaa|" use bhI eka svara se sabhI ne ayogya ghoSita kara kumArapAla ko isa kAraNa sihAsana para baiThane kA nivedana kiyA ki AcAryazrI
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________________ 370 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 hemacandra evaM nimittajJoM ne pUrva meM hI bhaviSyavANI kara dI thI ki siddharAja jayasiMha ke pazcAt kumArapAla vizAla gurjara rAjya ke siMhAsana para AsIna ho gurjara rAjya ko aura bhI adhika zaktizAlI rAjya kA rUpa degaa| mantriyoM kA iMgita pAte hI kumArapAla dhIra gambhIra mudrA meM zArdUla ke samAna parAkrama prakaTa karatA huA Age bar3hA / apane vastroM ko samucita rIti se sameTa kara sudIrghAvadhi se abhyasta samrATa kI bhAMti siMhAsana para AsIna ho gyaa| rAja siMhAsana para baiThate hI apanI talavAra kI mUTha ko apanI muTThI meM kasa kara pakar3akara apane kroDa meM zanaiH zanaiH DulAne lgaa| sabhI sAmantoM ne samaveta svara meM kahA-"hamAre gurjara rAjya ke yahI mahAzaktizAlI rAjA hoNge|" ye apane bhujabala se zatruoM kA saMhAra kara gurjara rAjya kI sImAoM, pratApa aura kItti ko digdiganta meM prasRta kreNge| tatkAla bar3e harSollAsa aura samAroha ke sAtha kumArapAla kA vizAla gurjara rAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA gyaa| gurjara rAjya kI bAgaDora apane hAthoM meM sambhAlate hI kumArapAla ne Antarika evaM bAhya donoM hI prakAra ke zatruoM kA nigraha kiyA aura svalpa samaya meM hI usane gurjara rAjya kI sImAeM cAroM dizAoM meM dUra-dUra taka abhivRddha kara diiN| rAja siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hone se pahale usa para Aye prANa saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne jisa prakAra usake prANoM kI rakSA kI, jisa prakAra usakI sahAyatA kI aura jisa prakAra usake utsAha ko bar3hAyA, una sabake prati kumArapAla jIvana bhara AcAryazrI hemacandra kA AbhArI evaM paramabhakta rhaa| vaha bhalIbhA~ti jAnatA thA ki yadi use AcAryazrI hemacandra apane upAzraya meM tADapatroM ke Dhera ke nIce koTharI meM nahIM chipAte, tIna dina ke bhUkhe ko yadi apane zraddhAlu zreSThi se pAtheya ke rUpa meM dravya nahIM dilAte to rAja siMhAsana para ArUr3ha honA to dUra, prANoM kA dhAraNa karanA taka bhI usake liye asambhava ho jAtA / ' hemacandrAcArya ke isa upakAra se uRNa hone ke liye vaha sadA unakI sevA meM upasthita hotA / unake pratyeka Adeza ko zirodhArya kara usakI paripAlanA meM apanA ahobhAgya samajhatA / tathA zvetAmbarAcAryoM hemasUriyA tadA, pradoSasamaye'dazi kalpadrumasamaH zriyA / / 461 / / pAtheyaM kRpayA kiM ca na dadyAt yadyasau prabhuH / rAjyaM kaH prApsyadAnandi bhavatsaMgamasundaram / / 462 / / --prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 116
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 } hemacandrasUri [ 371 samprati mahArAja ko bodha dekara jainadharma kA sudUrastha pradezoM meM pracAra karavAne vAle prAcArya suhasti evaM vIra vikramAditya ko pratibodha dekara jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA karane vAle prAcArya siddhasena ke pazcAt AcAryazrI hemacandra hI vigata DhAI hajAra varSoM meM aise mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne siddharAja jayasiMha ko jinazAsana kA hitaiSI aura kumArapAla cAlukyarAja ko (vi0 saM0 1216) saccA jaina dharmAnuyAyI, dharmaniSTha, bAraha vratadhArI zrAvaka banAkara jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kI / yaha hemacandrasUri ke upadezoM kA hI prabhAva thA ki kumArapAla ne apane vizAla rAjya ke vistRta bhU-bhAga meM caudaha varSa taka nirantara mAri kI ghoSaNA karavAkara koTi-koTi mUka pazuoM ko abhayadAna pradAna kara jaina dharma kI pratiSThA ko bar3hAyA / 9 AcArya zrI hemacandra ke prabhAvazAlI upadezoM, prakANDa pAMDitya aura samaSTi ke kalyANa ke liye dI gaI preraNAoM kA hI phala thA ki vizAla gurjara rAjya ke do mahArAjAoM - siddharAja jayasiMha aura paramArhata kumArapAla - ke rAjyakAla meM gurjara pradeza ko eka sugaThita, mAnavIya AdarzoM se prerita susaMskRta, samRddha aura samunnata rAjya ke rUpa meM ubharane kA avasara milA / prAcArya zrI hemacandra ne sAhitya sRjana ke kSetra meM to krAnti lAkara eka prakAra se nayA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyaa| ApakI preraNA se siddharAja jayasiMha aura paramArhata kumArapAla ne sudUrastha prAntoM se pracura mAtrA meM prAcIna grantharatnoM ko, upayogI abhilekhoM ko evaM durlabha sAhitya ko pATana meM maMgavAkara na kevala gujarAta ke jJAna bhaNDAroM ko hI samRddha kiyA apitu vyAkararaNa, nyAya, sAhitya, yoga Adi aneka viSayoM ke abhinava grantharatnoM ke nirmANa meM apanA amUlya yogadAna diyA / gurjara rAjya ke nivAsiyoM meM rASTra sAhitya, sadAcAra, naitikatA, purAtana bhAratIya saMskRti, sAhasikatA, karttavya - niSThA, kalA Adi ke prati jo viziSTa prema Aja bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai, usake pIche vastutaH nirvivAda rUpa se prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri kI preraNAzroM, amogha upadezoM aura unake dvArA siddharAja jayasiMha evaM mahArAja kumArapAla ko samaya-samaya para dI gaI satpreraNAoM aura satparAmarzo kA bahuta bar3A yogadAna rahA hai / isa tathya ko svIkAra karane meM sambhavata: kisI bhI vijJa ko kiMcinmAtra bhI Apatti nahIM hogI / uparivariNata tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para bhalI-bhAMti yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki prAcArya hemacandrasUri vikrama kI bArahavIM terahavIM zatAbdI ke jinazAsana ke mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya the / unhoMne na kevala jinazAsana ke utkarSa evaM pracAra-prasAra ke liye hI kArya kiyA apitu samaSTi ke kalyANa ke liye bhI unhoMne 1. "neminAha cariu " - ( zrI nandra ke ziSya zrI haribhadra dvArA racita ) kI prazasti /
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________________ 372 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 aneka mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye / upadezaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha ve apane samaya ke eka mahAn sAhitya sarjaka the / unhoMne vividha viSayoM para grantha ratnoM kI racanAeM kara sarasvatI ke bhaNDAra kI zrIvRddhi kI / vastutaH prAcArya zrI hemacandra gralaukika pratibhA ke dhanI vidvadvareNya the / sambhavata: aisA lagatA hai ki unakI isa apratima anUThI pratibhA se prabhAvita hokara hI pazcAdvarttI sAhityakAroM ne unheM kalikAla sarvajJa ke viruda se vibhUSita kara unake sambandha meM devI varadAna jaise kathAnakoM kI racanA kI ho / unhoMne vipula mAtrA meM grantharatnoM kI racanA kara sAhitya jagat meM jo eka nayA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA, usameM mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha aura unake uttarAdhikArI kumArapAla kA bhI bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa evaM ullekhanIya yogadAna rahA / - yadi AcArya zrI hemacandra ko cAlukyarAja siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAla kA, una donoM ke zAsana kA yogadAna na milA hotA to ve isa prakAra ke ucca koTi ke vipula sAhitya kA nirmANa karane meM sambhavataH itane adhika saphala nahIM hote / prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri cAlukyarAja siddharAja jayasiMha aura paramArhata mahArAjA kumArapAla ina tInoM hI yuga puruSoM ke jIvana vastutaH eka-dUsare ke pUraka rahe / ina tInoM meM se kisI bhI eka ke jIvana kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA maukhika athavA likhita rUpa meM varNana kiyA jAya to anivArya rUpa se zeSa do ke nAma bhI svataH hI usa vivaraNa meM sammilita ho jAyeMge / prAcArya zrI hemacandra dvArA racita grantha yaha to Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki prAcArya hemacandra apane samaya ke sazakta evaM mahAn granthakAra the / unhoMne sAhitya nirmANa ke kSetra meM eka abhinava kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA / jaina vAMgmaya meM AcAryazrI kI racanAoM ke sambandha meM isa prakAra ke katipaya ullekha upalabdha hote haiM ki unhoMne sAr3he tIna karor3a ( 3,50,00,000 ) zloka parimANa granthoM kI racanA kI / kintu vartamAna meM unake dvArA racita jo grantha upalabdha hote haiM unakI zloka parimANa sahita sUcI nimna prakAra hai :-- zloka parimAraNa nAma grantha 1. siddha ma laghu vRtti 2. siddha hema vRhad vRtti 3. siddha hema vRhannyAsa 4. siddha hema prAkRta vRtti 5. liMgAnuzAsana 6. uraNAdigaraNa vivaraNa 6,000 85,000 84,000 2,200 3,684 3,250
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] hemacandrasUri [ 373 5,600 10,000 204 1,828 366 3,500 -6,800 7. dhAtu pArAyaNa vivaraNa 8. abhidhAna cintAmariNa 6. abhidhAna cintAmariNa pariziSTa 10. anekArtha koSa 11. nighaMTu koSa 12. dezI nAma mAlA 13. kAvyAnuzAsana 14. chandonuzAsana 15. saMskRta vyAzraya 16. prAkRta vyAzraya 17. pramANa mImAMsA (apUrNa) 18. vedAMkuza 16. triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra mahAkAvya, 10 parva 20. pariziSTa parva 21. yogazAstra 22. vItarAga stotra 23. anya yoga vyavaccheda dvAtrizikA (kAvya) 24. ayoga vyavaccheda dvAtrizikA kAvya 25. mahAdeva stotra 3,000 2,828 1,500 2,500 1,000 32,000 3,500 12,750 x mm 0 WW. 44. AcAryazrI hemacandra kI ina kRtiyoM se hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ve kitane mahAn granthakAra the| isa prakAra lagabhaga 63 varSa jaise sudIrgha kAlAvadhi ke apane AcArya kAla meM hemacandrasUri ne nirantara sarasvatI kI upAsanA karate hue jana-jana ke antarmana para jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kI amiTa chApa aMkita kara jinazAsana kI pratiSThA ko bar3hAyA / gurjara pradeza ke apane samaya ke do mahA pratApI rAjAoM ko preraNA dekara jana kalyANa ke aneka mahattvapUrNa kArya sampAdita karavA jana-jana ke naitika, dhArmika, zaikSaNika aura sAmAjika dharAtala ko samunnata kara janazakti ko susaMskRta kiyaa| anta meM apanA antima samaya sannikaTa dekha apane yuga ke mahAn yogI hemacandrasUri ne paramAIta mahArAja kumArapAla, apane ziSyoM evaM saMgha-pramukhoM ko Amantrita kara unheM jinazAsana kI sevA meM uttarottara adhikAdhika nirata rahane -
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________________ 374 / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kA udbodhana de apane doSoM kI AlocanA kara saMlekhanApUrvaka saMthArA kiyaa| unhoMne : "khAmemi samve jIvA savve jIvA khamantu me / mitti me savva bhUesu veraM majjhaM na keNai / / isa gAthA kA uccAraNa karate hue saMsAra ke prANimAtra se kSamAyAcanApUrvaka unheM kSamA kiyA aura saMsAra ke prANimAtra ke prati apanA maitrI bhAva prakaTa karate hue Atma-cintana meM lIna ho gye| anta meM prAtma ramaNa meM lIna AcAryazrI hemacandra ne vikrama samvat 1226 meM 84 varSa kI Ayu pUrNakara samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa|
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________________ unacAlIsaveM (36) yuga pradhAnAcArya vinayamitra janma dIkSA sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya yuga pradhAnAcArya kAla gRhastha paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya yuga pradhAnAcArya paryAya svarga sarvAyu vIra nirvANa samvat 1568 vIra nirvANa samvat 1578 vIra nirvANa samvat 1578 se 1567 vIra nirvANa samvat 1567 se 1683 dasa (10) varSa / 16 varSa / 86 varSa vIra nirvANa samvat 1683 115 varSa, sAta mAsa, sAta dina ar3atIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya dharmaghoSa ke svargastha ho jAne para caturvidha saMgha ne zramaNottama zrI vinayamitra ko yuga pradhAnAcArya paramparA ke 36veM paTTa para yugapradhAnAcArya ke rUpa meM adhiSThita kiyaa| ina 36veM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI vinaya mitra ne vIra ni. saM. 1597 se vIra ni. saM. 1683 taka kula milAkara 86 varSa jaisI sudIrghAvadhi taka jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| adyAvadhi upalabdha jaina vAGgamaya meM ApakA (yugapradhAnAcArya zrI vinayamitra kA) isase vizeSa paricaya dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| Apake yugapradhAnAcArya kAla meM paurNamIyaka gaccha ke pravartaka zrI candraprabhasUri ke ziSya zrI dharmaghoSa AcArya ne vIra nirvANa samvat 1632 ke AsapAsa 'zabda siddhi' (vyAkaraNa) aura 'RSimaNDala stotra' kI racanA kii| vIra nirvANa samvat 1656 meM rAjagacchIya zrI zIlabhadrasUri ke cauthe paTTadhara dharmaghoSa nAmaka bar3e hI prabhAvaka AcArya hue| unakI smaraNa- zakti anupama thii| ve uccakoTi ke vidvAn, adbhuta vyAkhyAtA aura apane samaya ke apratima zAstrArthajayI prAcArya the| vIra nirvANa samvat 1670 ke AsapAsa Apane zAkaMbharI ke rAjA arNorAja kI sabhA meM digambarAcArya guNacandra ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA / Apake upadeza bar3e hI prAntastalasparzI hote the| usa samaya ke aneka rAjA
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________________ 376 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 mahArAjA apanI-apanI rAjasabhAtroM meM bar3I hI zraddhAbhaktipUrvaka Apake vyAkhyAnoM kA Ayojana kiyA karate the / ina rAjagacchIya dharmaghoSa AcArya ne vikrama samvat 1986 ( tadanusAra vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1656 ) meM 'dhammaka padda mo' aura usI varSa kI mArgazIrSa zuklA paMcamI ke dina gRhidharma parigraha pramANa' nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kI / Apake nAma para rAjagaccha kI 'dharmaghoSa zAkhA' kA prAdurbhAva huA jo kAlAntara meM 'dharmaghoSa gaccha' ke nAma se vikhyAta huA / apanI zAkhA athavA apane gaccha meM kisI prakAra kA pracAra zaithilya na panapane pAe, isa dRSTi se dUradarzI. prAcArya dharmaghoSa ne 16 zrAvakoM kI eka samiti kA gaThana kiyA / prAbU parvata para banI vimala vasati kI prazasti meM AcArya dharmaghoSa ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita zloka uTaMkita hai : vAdicandra guraNacandra vijetA, bhUpatitraya vibodhavidhAtA / dharmasUririti nAma purAsIt, vizva vizvavidito munirAjaH ||36|| rAjavaMza paramArhata mahArAjA kumArapAla ke rAjasiMhAsana para prAMrUr3ha hote hI zAkaMbharI ke mahArAjA grarNorAja ne cAhaDa Adi gurjara sAmantoM ke bhar3akAne para gujarAta rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyA thA / usa yuddha meM arNorAja parAjita huA / arNorAja kI sudhA nAma kI eka rAnI kI kukSi se utpanna hue arNorAja ke jyeSTha rAjakumAra jagadeva ne rAjya ke lAlaca meM Akara vikrama samvat 1207 tadanusAra vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1677 meM apane pitA arNorAja kI hatyA kara dI / arNorAja kI rAnI sudhavA marukoTTa ( mAroTha) ke johiyA rAjA kI bahina thI / 10:1
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________________ zramaNa bhagavAn ma0 ke 52veM paTTadhara prA. zrI sUrasena janma vI. ni. saM. 1601 dIkSA "", 1623 prAcArya pada ,. 1644 svargArohaNa 1708 gRhavAsa paryAya 22 vaSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya prAcArya paryAya 64 varSa pUrNa saMyama paryAya 85 varSa pUrNa Ayu 107 varSa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla paramparA ke 51veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI devaRSi ke samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa para caturvidha saMgha ne vI. ni. saM. 1644 meM Agama-niSNAta munivara zrI sUrasena ko bha. ma. ke 52veM paTTadhara prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyaa| Apane apanI 64 varSa kI prAcArya-paryAya meM sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka tathA zrAvikA varga ko AgamAnusArI adhyAtma mUlaka bhAva-paramparA para dRr3ha banAye rkkhaa| isa prakAra 85 varSa kI vizuddha zramaNa-paryAya meM sva-para kA kalyANa karane ke anantara Apane vI. ni. saM. 1708 meM 107 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara saMlekhanA saMthArApUrvaka samAdhi maraNa dvArA svargArohaNa kiyaa|
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________________ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 51veM paTTadhara AcAryazrI devaRSi (dvitIya) aura 52veM paTTadhara AcAryazrI sUrasena ke prAcArya kAla kI rAjanaitika sthiti gUrjarAdhIza zrI siddharAja jayasiMha zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ikkAvanaveM paTTadhara AcAryazrI devaRSi vIra nirvANa samvat 1586 meM jaba prAcAryapada para AsIna hue usa samaya vizAla gurjara rAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para cAlukyarAja bhIma AsIna the| AcAryazrI devaRSi ke prAcAryapada para ArohaNa ke dUsare varSa vIra nirvANa samvat 1560 meM mahArAjA bhIma kA vIra nirvANa samvat 1548 se 1560 taka vizAla gurjara rAjya kA 42 varSa taka zAsana karane ke anantara dehAvasAna ho gyaa| tadanantara vIra nirvANa samvat 1560 meM mahArAjA bhIma ke pazcAt mahArAjA karNa cAlukya rAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hue| mahArAjA karNa ne vIra nirvANa samvat 1560 se 1620 kI pauSa kRSNA dUja paryanta 26 varSa, 8 mAsa aura 21 dina taka gurjara rAjya para zAsana karane ke anantara apane tIna varSa kI vaya ke putra siddharAja jayasiMha ko vikrama samvat 1150 kI pauSa kRSNA tRtIyA zanivAra ke dina zravaNa nakSatra tathA vRSa lagna meM gujarAta rAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para abhiSikta kara diyaa| .. apane alpa vayaska rAjakumAra jayasiMha ko paTTaNa ke rAjya siMhAsana para AsIna karane ke anantara mahArAjA karNa ne AzApallI ke durdAnta bhillarAja AzA para AkramaNa kara use yuddha meM parAsta kiyaa| AzApallI para apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara karNa ne vahAM apane nAma para karNAvatIpura nAmaka nagara basAyA aura svayaM vahAM rAjya karane lage / apane navIna rAjya kA sucArU rUpa se saMcAlana karate hue mahArAja apane putra jayasiMha ke vizAla paTTaNa rAjya kA bhI unake vayaska hone taka saMrakSaNa karate rhe| unhoMne karNAvatI purI ke pAsa karNezvara deva kA vizAla mandira aura usake pAsa hI karNa sAgara nAmaka eka vizAla tAlAba kA nirmANa krvaayaa| mahArAjA karNa ke paraloka gamana ke anantara AzApallI-karNAvatI kA sazakta samRddha rAjya bhI mahArAjA jayasiMha ke vizAla gurjara rAjya meM sammilita
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 siddharAja jayasiMha [ 376 kara liyA gayA aura isa prakAra eka vizAla gurjara rAjya ke zAsana kI bAgaDora mahArAjA jayasiMha ke hAtha meM usake bAlyakAla meM hI A gaI aura mahArAjA karNa kI udayamatI nAma kI rANI ke sahodara madanapAla ko jayasiMha kA saMrakSaka niyukta kiyA gayA / madanapAla bar3A hI vicitra prakRti kA vyakti thA / eka vizAla rAjya ke saMrakSaka aura vizAla gurjara rAjya ke mahArAjA jayasiMha ke abhibhAvaka kA pada prApta kara lene ke anantara usakI svecchAcAritA bar3ha gaI / una dinoM lIlA nAmaka rAjyavaidya hilapura paTTaNa meM rahatA thA / vaha apane samaya kA eka sarvotkRSTa nAr3I vaidya aura Ayurveda kA pAraMgata vidvAn thA / jo koI bhI rogI usake pAsa grAtA vaha isa niSNAta vaidya kI cikitsA se pUrNa rUpeNa roga mukta ho jAtA / usakI kIrti digdiganta meM vyApta ho gaI aura na kevala gurjara rAjya ke hI apitu sudUrastha dezoM ke loga bhI usake pAsa cikitsA karavAne ke liye Ane lage / usa rAjavaidya kI camatkArapUrNa cikitsA paddhati ke prabhAva se hajAroM loga use prasanna ho sammAnapUrvaka svarNa mudrAeM pradAna karane lage / rAjavaidya ke ghara meM logoM dvArA kI gaI isa prakAra kI svarNa vRSTi ko dekhakara madanapAla ne binA kisI roga ke hI rugNa jaisA byAja athavA chala karate hue usa rAjavaidya ko apane yahAM bulavAyA / nAr3I dekhane para usa rAjavaidya ne madanapAla se kahA :- " ApakA svAsthya pUrNataH uttama hai, pako kisI prakAra kI vyAdhi nahIM hai / " rAjavaidya kI bAta sunate hI Akrozabhare svara meM madanapAla ne kahA :- " maiMne tumheM kisI roga ko dUra karane ke lie nahIM apitu apanI svarNa kI bhUkha ko miTAne ke liye kAMcana mudrAnoM kA pathya mujhe pradAna karane ke liye bulAyA hai / ataH tatkAla battIsa hajAra svarNa mudrAeM mujhe pradAna karo anyathA tumheM bandI kara liyA jAyagA / " rAjavaidya se kisI uttara kI binA apekSA kiye hI madanapAla ne tatkAla usa rAjavaidya ko bandI banA liyA / rAjavaidya ne sAzcarya zokAbhibhUta ho apanI mukti ke lie tatkAla 32 hajAra svarNa mudrAeM lAkara madanapAla ko samarpita kI aura usase apanA pIchA chur3AyA / madanapAla ke isI prakAra ke atyAcAroM se aNahillapura paTTaNa kI prajA saMtrasta ho uThI / mahArAjA jayasiMha usa samaya apanI kizora vaya ko pAkara yauvana ke dvAra para padanikSepa karane hI vAle the / jaba jayasiMha ne madanapAla ke atyAcAroM kI bAta sunI to unhoMne apane mantrI sAntU se ekAnta meM mantraraNA kara use Adeza diyA ki samasta gurjara rAjya para chAye hue madanapAla se yena-kena prakAreNa rAjya kI prajA ko zAnti dilvaaeN| isa prakAra kI mantraraNA ke pazcAt sAntu mantrI dvArA batAye gaye upAya se jayasiMha ne gupta rUpa se apane aMgarakSakoM dvArA madanapAla ko maravA DAlA / aura mantrI sAntu ko apane pradhAnamantrI pada para niyukta kiyA / mahArAjA jayasiMha ke janma ke sambandha meM prabandha cintAmariNakAra merutu gAcArya ne eka bar3I rahasyapUrNa evaM prAzcaryajanaka ghaTanA kA ullekha karate hue prabandha cintAmaNi meM likhA hai /
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________________ 380 } { jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 karNATaka ke mahArAjA jayakezI kI rAjarAnI ne eka kanyA ko janma diyA / usa kanyA kA nAma mayaNalla devI rakhA gyaa| eka bAra rAjakumArI mayaragalla devI ne zivabhaktoM ke mukha se somezvara kA stuti pATha sunA / somezvara kA nAma sunate hI rAjakumArI ko jAti-smaraNa jJAna ho gayA ki vaha pUrva janma meM brAhmaNI zrI / eka-eka mAsa ke bAraha mAsopavAsa karane ke pazcAt usa brAhmaNI ne bAraha prakAra kI vastueM usa tapa ke 'udyApana meM dAna kara somezvara deva ke darzana karane ke liye somezvara tIrtha kI ora prayANa kiyA / apanI yAtrA ke antima caraNa meM jaba vaha bAhuloDa nagara meM prAI to usase rAjyAdhikAriyoM ne somezvara tIrtha ke yAtriyoM se vasUla kiye jAne vAle bAhuloDakara dene kI bAta khii| usa brAhmaNI ke pAsa usa kara ko cukAne ke liye kucha bhI nahIM thA / isa kAraNa rAjya dvArA niyukta karAdhikAriyoM ne use somezvara deva ke darzana karane kI anumati pradAna nahIM kI / somezvara deva ke darzana na kara pAne ke kAraNa vaha brAhmaNI atyanta dukhita huI aura mRtyu se pUrva usane yaha nidAna kiyA ki vaha somezvara ke yAtriyoM para lagAye jAne vAle usa bAhuloDa kara ko AgAmI janma meM banda karavAne vAlI ho / isa prakAra kA nidAna kara usane grAmaraNa anazana kiyA aura vaha somezvara tIrtha ke nagara meM nidhana ko prApta ho mahArAjA jayakezI kI rAjaputrI ke rUpa meM utpanna huI / isa prakAra kA jAti smararaMga jJAna ho jAne ke anantara rAjakumArI mayaNalla devI ne praraNa kiyA ki somezvara ke yAtriyoM ko bAhuloDa kara se mukti dilAne ke liye vaha gujarAta ke mahArAjA ke sAtha hI vivAha karegI / anya kisI ke sAtha nahIM / karNATa rAja jayakezI ko jaba apanI putrI ke praraNa kI bAta jJAta huI to unhoMne apane mantriyoM ko bhejakara karNa se prArthanA kI ki ve usakI putrI kA pANigrahaNa kara use apanI rAnI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kareM / karNa ne pahale se hI mayaNalladevI ke kurUpA hone kI bAta suna rakhI thI / zrataH usane jayakezI kI prArthanA para koI dhyAna nahIM diyA / apane mantriyoM se gurjareza karNa kI isa prakAra kI udAsInatA ke samAcAra sunakara jayakezI ne aura koI upAya na dekha karNa ko hI apanA pati banAne ke liye kRtasaMkalpA rAjakumArI mayaNalladevI ko apane vizvasta rAjyAdhikAriyoM evaM dAsa dAsiyoM ke sAtha svayamvarA ke rUpa meM hilapura paTTaNa bheja diyA / svayamvarA rAjakumArI mayaragalladevI ke aragahillapura paTTaNa pahuMcane kI bAta sunakara mahArAjA karNa ne pracchanna veSa meM, gupta rIti se usa rAjakumArI ko dekhA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] siddharAja jayasiMha [ 381 aura vastutaH use ekadama kurUpa dekhakara usane usake sAtha vivAha karane kI bAta ko pUrI taraha ThukarA diyaa| isa prakAra ThukarAye jAne se hatAza ho rAjakumArI mayaNalla devI ne apanI ATha sahacariyoM ke sAtha saharSa mRtyu varaNa kA nizcaya kiyA / karNa kI mAtA udayamatI ne jaba isa prakAra kI bAta sunI to vaha dravita ho uThI aura usane svayaM ne bhI usI prakAra marane kA saMkalpa kara liyaa| apanI mAtA ke svecchA maraNa varaNa kI bAta sunakara mAtRbhakta karNa ne mAtA ke prANoM kI rakSA karane ke liye mayagalladevI ke sAtha vivAha kara liyA / vivAha kara lene ke uparAnta bhI karNa ne mayaNalladevI ke antaHpura meM jAne kI bAta to dUra, usakI aora kabhI dRSTi nipAta taka nahIM kiyaa| isa prakAra katipaya mAsa vyatIta ho jAne ke anantara eka dina mantrI mujAla ko rAjA ke vizvAsapAtra kaMcukI se jJAta huA ki mahArAjA karNa eka nIca jAti kI navauDhA para mugdha hai aura usase samAgama karane ke liye Atura hai| mujAla ne mayagalladevI ko usa nIca jAti ko ramaNI ke samAna paridhAna pahanAkara ekAnta sthAna meM bheja diyA / apanI kaMcukI se apanI abhIpsita noca jAti kI nArI ke ekAnta sthAna meM prAgamana kI bAta sunakara rAjA karNa usa ekAnta kakSa meM gayA / aura vahAM usa aMdhakAra pUrNa kakSa meM mayaNalla devI ko hI apanI hInakulInA preyasI samajhate hue usakA upabhoga kiyA / mayaNalladevI usI rAta garbhavatI ho gaI aura usane rAjA se vidA hote samaya rAjA kI agUMThI smaraNacihna ke rUpa meM mAMga lI / karNa apanI agUMThI dekara apane kakSa meM calA gayA aura mayaNalladevI apane mahala meN| dUsare dina prAtaHkAla rAjA karNa ko rAtri meM kiye gaye apane duSkRtya para bhayaMkara pazcAttApa huA / usane tatkAla manusmRti Adi mAnya smRtiyoM ke niSNAta brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ko bulavAyA aura unase agamyA nIca kula kI nArI ke sAtha samAgama kA prAyazcitta pUchA / una smArtoM ne pramANa purassara batAyA ki agnikuNDa meM pratapta kI gaI tAmra kI putalI kA AliMgana karanA hI isa prakAra ke jaghanya aparAdha ko prAyazcitta hai / tadanusAra rAjA karNa ne tAMbe kI putalI maMgavAkara use agni meM tapAne kA apane anucaroM ko Adeza diyaa| rAjA ko marane ke liye kRtasaMkalpa dekhakara mantrI mujAla ne rAtri ke rahasya kA udghATana karate hue batA diyA ki jisa strI ke sAtha usane samAgama kiyA hai, vaha koI nIca kula kI kanyA nahIM, apitu karNATaka ke mahArAjA jayakezI kI kulInA rAjaputrI aura mahArAjA karNa kI pariNItA mahArAnI mayaNalla devI thii| isa rahasya ke udghATana se karNa ko aisA anubhava huA mAno vaha narka kuNDa se nikala kara punaH mRtyuloka meM A gayA hai / apanI mudrikA evaM mahArAnI mayaNalladevI ko dekhakara use pUrNataH vizvAsa ho gayA ki usane koI jaghanya duSkRtya nahIM kiyA hai /
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________________ 382 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt mahArAjA karNa mayaragalla devI ke sAtha samucita sadvyavahAra karane lagA / garbha-kAla pUrNa hone para mayaNalladevI ne putra ko janma diyA / putra janma se mahArAjA karNa ke harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA aura usane apane rAjakumAra kA nAma jayasiMha rakhA / rAjocita vaibhava se rAjakumAra kA lAlana-pAlana kiyA jAne lagA aura vaha rAjakumAra grapane samavayaskoM ke sAtha khelane lagA / isa prakAra rAjakumAra kramazaH tIna varSa kA ho gayA / samAna vaya ke bAlakoM ke sAtha khelatA huA rAjakumAra eka dina rAja siMhAsana para prArUr3ha ho usa para baiTha gayA / rAjA karNa ne dekhA ki usakA putra rAja siMhAsana para usI mudrA aura ThATa se baiThA hai, jaise ki eka anubhavI rAjA baiThatA hai / rAjA karNa aura usake pAsa baiThe hue mantrI, naimittika Adi Azcaryavibhora ho siMhAsana para grAsIna jayasiMha kI ora ekaTaka dekhane lage / naimittikoM ne prati vinamra svara meM rAjA se nivedana kiyA :- "rAjarAjezvara ! rAjyAbhiSeka kA isa samaya sarvazreSTha muhUrtta hai / isa pratIva zreSTha evaM zubha muhUrtta meM yadi rAjakumAra kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA jAya to grAge calakara vizAla gurjara rAjya vartamAna kI apekSA kaI gunA bar3A vizAla sAmrAjya bana jAyagA / " mahArAjA karNa ne tatkAla rAjyAbhiSeka kI taiyArI kA Adeza diyA aura tatkAla usI zubha muhUrtta meM jaisA ki pahale batAyA gayA hai vikrama samvat 1950 kI pauSa kRSNa tRtIyA, zanivAra, zravaNa nakSatra, vRSa lagna meM apane rAjakumAra jayasiMha kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA / tadanantara aneka vidyAyoM evaM rAjanIti meM niSNAta ho mahArAjA jayasiMha ne gurjara rAjya kI grAmUlacUla gratIva samIcIna rUpa se bar3I sundara rAjya vyavasthA kI / eka dina mayaragalla devI ne apane putra siddharAja ko apane jAtismaraNa jJAna se jJAta hue pUrva bhava kA vRttAnta sunAyA aura kahA ki use zAnti tabhI milegI jaba ki somanAtha kI yAtrA para lagA huA kara pUrI taraha se uThA liyA jAyagA / siddharAja ne apanI mAtA kI prAntarika abhilApA kI pUrti hetu mAtA ke sAtha somanAtha kI yAtrA karane kA nizcaya kiyA / mayaragalladevI ne savA karor3a mUlya kI svarNamayI pUjA sAmagrI lekara apane putra ke sAtha somanAtha kI yAtrA prArambha kii| jaba malla devI bAhuloDa nagara pahuMcI taba usane dekhA ki aneka yAtriyoM ko kara vibhAga ke adhikArI yAtrA kA kara dene ke liye bAdhya kara rahe haiM aura ve yAtrI apanI nirdhanAvasthA ke kAraraNa kara dene meM apanI grasamarthatA prakaTa kara rahe haiM / yAtriyoM kI isa prakAra kI dayanIya dazA ko dekhakara mayagalla devI bar3I khinna huI / usane dekhA ki yAtriyoM ke samUha kara na cukAye jAne evaM rAjyAdhikAriyoM dvArA somanAtha ke darzanoM kI anumati na milane ke kAraNa hatAza evaM khinna ho grAMkhoM se azrudhArA pravAhita karate hue punaH apane-apane grAma aura nagaroM kI ora lauTa rahe haiM / yaha dekhakara to mayaragalla devI kI grAMnoM se DabaDabA uThIM aura usane apane parijanoM evaM paricArakoM ko punaH pATana kI ora lauTa jAne kI grAjA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] . siddharAja jayasiMha 383 dI / apanI mAtA ko pATana kI ora lauTane ke liye udyata dekha kara jayasiMha ne mAtA ke samakSa upasthita ho nivedana kiyA :-"amba ! somanAtha ke itanA pAsa Akara Apa binA somanAtha kI pUjA kiye hI kyoM lauTanA cAhatI haiM ?" mayaNalla devI ne kahA :- "putra ! isa kara ko sadA sarvadA ke liye samApta kara dene para hI maiM somezvara kI pUjA karUMgI aura tabhI maiM anna grahaNa karUMgI, anyathA nhiiN|" apanI mAtA kI isa prakAra kI pratijJA sunakara jayasiMha ne usI samaya vahAM ke uccAdhikAriyoM ko bulavAyA aura unase usa kara ke mAdhyama se hone vAlI prAya ke patraka ko lekara dekhA / usa patra meM 72 lAkha ke prAya ke aMka ko dekhakara mahArAjA jayasiMha ne tatkAla usa patra ko phAr3akara apanI mAtA ke kalyANa ke liye hAtha meM jala lekara somanAtha kI yAtrA para lagane vAle bAhuloDa kara ko sadA ke liye samApta karate hue apanI aMjali kA jala saMkalpapUrvaka pRthvI para DAla diyaa| __ cAlukyarAja jayasiMha dvArA kI gaI karamukti kI ghoSaNA se mayaNaladevI ko apAra harSa huaA / usane somezvara ke mandira meM jAkara savA karor3a mUlya ke svarNa se somanAtha kI pUjA kii| pUjA ke avasara para tulA puruSadAna, gajadAna Adi aneka prakAra ke bar3e-bar3e dAna diye| isa prakAra ke mahArghya dAna dene se mayaNala devI ke antara mana meM isa prakAra kA abhimAna utpanna huA ki mere jaisA mahAdAna na to kabhI kisI ne pahale diyA hai aura na bhaviSya meM hI koI itanA bar3A dAna dene vAlA pRthvI para hogA hI / isa prakAra ke garva se unmatta ho vaha pragAr3ha nidrA meM so gaI / mayaNala devI ke isa garva ko dekhakara bhagavAn somanAtha "tapasvI kA bheSa dhAraNa kara usake samakSa svapna meM upasthita hue aura unhoMne usase kahA" : "yahIM isa mandira kI paridhi meM eka dIna-hIna bhikhArina yAtrA ke liye prAI huI hai / tuma prAtaHkAla usase usake dvArA kiye hue sukRta kI, puNya kI yAcanA karanA / " yaha kaha kara tapasvI veSadhArI bhagavAn somanAtha adRzya ho gye| yaha svapna dekhakara mayaNaladevI kI nidrA bhaMga ho gaI aura usane tatkAla rAjapuruSoM ko AjJA dI ki ve usa bhikhArina ko khoja kara laaeN| rAjapuruSoM ne thor3I hI dera meM usa bhikhArina ko rAjamAtA ke samakSa upasthita kiyA / mayaNaladevI ne usa bhikhArina se usake puNya kI yAcanA kii| bhikhArina ne rAjamAtA kI bAta sunakara vinIta svara meM kahA :
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________________ 388 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 "rAja mAtezvarI ! maiM svayaM nahIM jAnatI ki maiMne kyA puNya kiyA hai / aura yadi kiyA bhI hai to maiM yaha nahIM jAnatI ki use Apako kisa prakAra pradAna kiyA jAya / " ] mayala devI ne isa prakAra kI asamaMjasapUrNa sthiti ko dekhakara usa bhikhArina se pUchA : " tuma ne isa yAtrA meM saba kucha milAkara kitanA dravya kharca kiyA haiM ?" usa bhikhArina ne hAtha jor3akara uttara diyA : - " rAjamAtA ! maiM to bhIkha. mAMga-mAMga kara sau yojana kI padayAtrA ke anantara yahAM AI huuN| kala maiMne tIrtha para Akara upavAsa kiyA aura upavAsa ke pAraNe ke dina kisI puNyAtmA se piNyAka ( bhojya) prApta kara usI ke eka aMza se bhagavAn somezvara kI pUjA kara usakA eka aMza atithi ko de zeSa aMza se maiMne pAraraNA kiyA thA / Apa mahApuNyazAlinI haiM / Apake pitA, bhrAtA, pati aura putra rAjA haiM / Apane bAhuloDa kara ko sadA ke liye samApta karavA diyA hai| savA karor3a mUlya kI pUjA se Apane bhagavAn somezvara kI pUjA kI hai aura vipula dAna diyA hai / itanA saba kucha karane ke uparAnta bhI prApako merA puNya prApta karane kI icchA kyoM huI hai ?". mayala devI ko mauna evaM asamaMjasAvasthA meM dekhakara usa bhikhArina ne kahA :-'rAjamAtA ! yadi Apa burA na mAneM to eka bAta kahUM / " mayaNaladevI kI mauna svIkRti milane para usane kahA :- " vastuta: dekhA jAya to Apake puNya se isa mahItala para merA puNya mahAn hai kyoMki vipula sampatti hote hue bhI, sarva zaktisampanna hote hue bhI sahana zakti (sahiSNutA ), yauvanAvasthA meM brahmacarya kA vrata aura daridrAvasthA meM dAna yadi thor3A-sA bhI kiyA jAya to usakA lAbha mahAn se mahattama aura vRhat se vRhattama hotA hai / " usa bhikhArina kI bAta sunakara rAjamAtA mayaraNaladevI kA garva tatkAla kapUra kI taraha ur3a gayA / 1 jisa samaya mahArAja jayasiMha apanI mAtA mayaraNaladevI ko somezvara kI yAtrA karavA rahe the, usa samaya mAlavarAja yazovarmA ne eka vizAla rAjya ko hastagata karane kA suavasara dekhakara gurjara rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyA / caroM se zatru ke AkramaNa kI bAta sunakara mahAmantrI zAntu tatkAla yazovarmA ke pAsa pahuMcA aura usase pUchA :- " mAlavezvara ! Apa hI batAiye kyA koI aisA kArya hai, jisake, hamAre dvArA kiye jAne se Apa punaH mAlava kI ora lauTa sakate hoM / " isa para mAlavarAja yazovarmA ne kahA :- "hAM, eka upAya hai| yadi tuma apane svAmI dvArA kI gaI somezvara deva kI yAtrA ke phala ko mujhe de dete ho to maiM isI samaya apanI rAjadhAnI ko lauTa sakatA huuN|"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] siddharAja jayaryAsaha / 385 pradhAnAmAtya zAntu ne tatkAla mAlavarAja yazovarmA ke pairoM ko jala se prakSAlita kiyA / tadanantara apane dakSiNa kara kI aMjali meM jala liyA aura mahArAjA jayasiMha dvArA upArjita kiye gaye somezvara deva kI yAtrA ke puNya ko saMkalpapUrvaka mAlavezvara yazovarmA ko pradAna karate hue aMjali kA jala chor3a diyaa| isase saMtuSTa ho yazovarmA apanI vizAla vAhinI ke sAtha tatkAla mAlava rAjya kI ora lauTa gyaa| apanI mAtA ko somezvara kI yAtrA karavA dene ke anantara pattana lauTane para jaba siddharAja ko yaha vidita huA ki unake mahAmantrI zAntu ne unake dvArA kI gaI somezvara kI yAtrA kA puNya mAlavarAja ko samarpita kara diyA hai to vaha bar3A kruddha huA aura usane zAntu ko bulAkara use isakA kAraNa puuchaa| mahAmAtya zAntu ne atIva vinamra, zAnta evaM gambhIra svara meM uttara dete hue kahA :-"pRthvInAtha ! mere dvArA dAna kara dene mAtra se yadi ApakA puNya kisI aura ke pAsa calA jAtA ho to na kevala yazovarmA ke puNya ko hI apitu vizva bhara ke puNyazAlI puruSoM kA sampUrNa sukRta maiM Apako isI samaya saMkalpa pUrvaka samarpita karane ke liye samudyata huuN| athavA yaha samajha lIjiye ki maiMne saMsAra kA samasta puNya Apako pradAna kara diyaa| rAja rAjezvara ! apane zatru ko yena kena upAyena yathAzIghra apane deza kI bhUmi meM praviSTa na hone denA, yahI rAjanIti kA sabase pahalA gurumantra hai|" apane mahAmAtya ke uttara se mahArAjA jayasiMha kA krodha zAMta ho gayA / kintu "mAlavarAja ne usa samaya gurjara rAjya para AkramaNa kiyA jisa samaya maiM apanI mAtA ke sAtha bhagavAn somezvara kI yAtrA ke liye gayA huA thA" isa vicAra se vaha yazovarmA para bar3A kruddha huA aura usane usake isa dussAhasa kA pratizodha lene kI tthaanii| yUddha kI pUrI taiyArI kara lene ke anantara eka dina mahArAja jayasiMha ne eka zaktizAlI vizAla caturaMgiNI senA ke sAtha mAlavarAja kI rAjadhAnI dhArAnagarI kI ora prasthAna kiyA / jayasiMha kI zaktizAlI senA mAlava senA ko parAjita karatI huI dhArAnagarI kI ora drutagati se bar3hatI hI gii| yazovarmA ne zatru kI prabala sainya zakti ko durdAnta evaM ajeya samajha raNasthalI se palAyana kara apanI senA ke sAtha apanI rAjadhAnI dhArAnagarI meM praveza kiyA aura nagara ke parakoTe ke loha kapAToM ko banda kara nagara ke prAkAra kI pratoliyoM evaM prAcIroM para apanI pUrI sainika zakti ko zatru se lohA lene ke liye Adeza diyA / gurjarAdhIza ne nagara ko cAroM ora se ghera kara nagara meM praveza kA prANapaNa se prayAsa kiyA kintu nagara ke parakoTe kI pratoliyoM para sannaddha yazovarmA ke sainikoM ne gurjara senA ko bhISaNa zastrAstroM kI varSA kara prAkAra ke pAsa taka nahIM phaTakane diyaa| 'prabandha cintAmaNi' ke racanAkAra ke anusAra lagabhaga bAraha varSa taka siddharAja jayasiMha kI senAoM ne nagara ko ghere rakkhA aura agaNita bAra nagara ke prakoSTha ko tor3a kara nagara meM praveza karane ke athaka prayAsa kiye kintu nagara ke durbhedya prAkAra evaM mAlava
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________________ 386 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 senA kI zastrAstra varSA ke kAraNa gurjara senA ko kiMcitmAtra bhI saphalatA nahIM milii| isa lambe yuddha se kruddha ho eka dina mahArAjA jayasiMha ne apanI vizAla senA ke sAmane yaha ghoSaNA kI :- "jaba taka dhArAnagarI para adhikAra nahIM kara liyA jAyagA taba taka maiM anna grahaNa nahIM karUMgA / " apane rAja rAjezvara kI isa pratijJA ko sunakara gurjara rAja kI senA ne 'kAryaM vA sAdhayAmi dehaM vA pAtayAmi' jaise dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha nagara para bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyA / sUryAsta hone taka lagabhaga pAMca sau paramAra senAnI raNacaNDI kI balivedI para jUjhate jUjhate apane zIza car3hA cuke kintu mahArAjA jayasiMha kI pratijJA apUrNa hI rahI / isa prakAra kI bhISaNa sthiti meM gurjara senA ke katipaya senAniyoM ne mantraraNA kI ki kRtrima dhArAnagarI kA nirmANa kara use dhvasta kara diyA jAya kintu dRr3ha pratijJa jayasiMha ne jaba yaha sunA to unakI prAMkheM kopAnala ugalane lagIM aura unhoMne ghanarava gambhIra dRr3ha svara meM kahA : " - " maiM dhArAnagarI para adhikAra karane ke anantara hI anna graharaNa karU~gA / " pradhAnAmAtya zAntu ne apane buddhi kauzala evaM kuzala caroM ke mAdhyama se gupta rUpa se dhArAnagarI ke hI eka vayovRddha nivAsI se yaha jJAta kara liyA ki yadi pUrI zakti lagAkara nagara ke dakSiNI bhAga kI pratolI para pracaNDa vega ke sAtha AkramaNa kiyA jAya to durga bhaMga ho sakatA hai anyathA kisI bhI bhAMti sambhava nahIM hai / isa gupta bheda ke jJAta hote hI jayasiMha ne apane raNabAMkure tUphAnI sainika Tukar3I ke yoddhAoM kA netRtva karate hue usa durga para bhISaNa AkramaNa kara diyaa| jayasiMha ne apane yazaH paTaha nAma ke gajarAja para car3hakara zyAmala nAmaka mahAvata ko prAjJA dI ki vaha hAthI ko usa tripolI ke loha kapAToM para jhauMka de / usa paTTa hasti ne pUrI zakti lagAkara una loha kapAToM para apane mastaka se bhISaNa prahAra kiyaa| hAthI ke zaktizAlI AkramaNa se loha kapAToM kI argalA TUTa gaI aura hAthI dvAra ke andara praviSTa hone lagA / loha kapAToM ke girane se paTTahasti kA kapAla phaTa gayA / yaha dekhakara mahAvata ne vidyut vega se lapaka kara mahArAja jayasiMha ko pRSTha bhAga kI ora se utAra kara jyoMhI vaha svayaM utarane lagA ki vaha hAthI pRthvI para gira pdd'aa| jayasiMha apanI mAlava senA ke sAtha nagara meM praviSTa huA aura usane mAlavarAja yazovarmA ko bandI banA liyA / tadanantara vijayI jayasiMha ne mAlava rAjya ko apane adhikAra meM kara sarvatra apanI prajJA prasArita kara dI / mAlava rAjya para apanA adhikAra karane aura vahAM para zAsana ke lie samucita rUperaNa vyavasthA karane ke anantara gurjarAdhIza jayasiMha paTTaNa ko lauTa gayA / sthAna-sthAna para grAmoM aura nagaroM meM prajA ne apane vijayI mahArAjA kA jayaghoSoM ke sAtha vardhApana kiyA / pattana pahuMcane para gUrjareza ne zubha muhUrtta meM nagara meM praveza karane ke abhiprAya se nagara ke bAhara hI apanI senA kA par3Ava DAlA / usa samaya pattana meM vidyamAna sabhI dharmAdhyakSoM ne niyata samaya para gurjareza ke pAsa jAkara apanI-apanI abhinava kAvya racanAoM se unakA abhivAdana kiyA / eka dina jainAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ne bhI mahArAjA jayasiMha ko AzIrvAda dete hue nimnalikhita zloka par3hA :
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] siddharAja jayasiMha [ 387 bhUmi kAmagavi svagomayarasairAsiMca ratnAkarA muktAsvastikamAtanudhvamuDupa tvaM pUrNakumbhI bhava / dhRtvA kalpatarordalAni saralaidigvAraNAstoraNA nyAdhatta svakarairvijitya jagatIM nanveti siddhAdhipaH / / arthAt manobhilasita sarva kAmanAoM ko tatkAla pUrNa karane vAlI he mAtakAmadhenu ! tuma apane pavitra gobara se samasta pRthvI ko lIpa-pota kara svacchaaccha kara do| uttamottama ratnarAziyoM ke nidhAna he sAgaroM ! kAmadhenu ke gobara se lipi-putI isa pRthvI para Apa saba mila kara apane zreSThatama mahAdhya muktAphaloM se ati vizAla atisundara svastika kA nirmANa kara cauka ko pUra do, he amRtavarSI candradeva ! Apa isa lipi-putI dharA para svastika ke pAsa pUrNa kumbhakalaza bana kara virAjamAna ho jAo aura he dantAla diggajo ! Apa AThoM hI rajatAbha zvetavarNa vAle diggaja apanI sUMDoM se kalpavRkSa ke komala-sukomala patroM se toraNoM kA-vandanavAroM kA nirmANa kara unheM apanI sUMDoM meM thAmeM isa dharAtala ko toraNeM se maMDita kara do, dekhiye "mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha samasta pRthvImaNDala para apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharA kara yahAM alakA tulyA anahillapurapattana nAmnI nagarI meM padhAra rahe haiM, unake svAgata kI zubha velA A gaI hai|" __AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri dvArA sunAye gaye isa zloka ke zabdasauSThava, kavi kI kalpanA kI UMcI ur3Ana aura camatkArapUrNa vacana cAturI ko sunakara vahAM upasthita sabhI sarasvatI upAsaka, sabhI sAmanta, sabhI sabhyavRnda evaM zrotAgaNa mantramugdha kI bhAMti harSavibhora ho utthe| svayaM siddharAja jayasiMha ke kaNTha se harSAtirekavazAt haThAt sAdhuvAda ke 'sAdhu-sAdhu-sAdhu' svaroM ke rUpa meM aAntarika udgAra prasphuTita ho utthe| AcAryazrI hemacandra kI isa mahimA ko saha na sakane ke kAraNa IrSyAbhibhUta eka do sabhAsada bola uThe-"mahArAja ina jainAcArya ne hamAre vyAkaraNazAstra ke bala para hI to isa prakAra kI vidvattA prApta kI hai| kahAM hai jainoM ke pAsa vyAkaraNa ?" siddharAja jayasiMha kI jijJAsA bharI dRSTi ko apanI ora mur3I dekha jainAcArya zrI hemacandra ne kahA-"rAjan ! zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI zaizavAvasthA meM indra ke samakSa jisa vyAkaraNa ko prakaTa kara usakI vyAkhyA kI thI, usa vyAkaraNa ko hama loga par3hate haiN|" __ isa para una IrSyAlu vidvAnoM ne kahA- "rAjarAjezvara ! vidvAn prAcAryazrI yaha to paurANika AkhyAna kI bAta kaha rahe haiN| isa paurANika kathA ke atirikta anya kisI ne vyAkaraNa banAyA ho to usakA nAma batAyA jaay|"
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-4 AcAryazrI hemacandra ne dRr3ha AtmavizvAsa se prota-prota ghanarava gambhIra svara meM kahA - "yadi mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kI sahAyatA prApta ho jAya to maiM svalpa samaya meM hI isa prakAra kI sarvAMga pUrNa vyAkaraNa kI racanA kara vidyApremiyoM ke hitArtha vidvavarga ke samakSa prastuta kara sakatA huuN|" 388 ] siddharAja jayasiMha ne vidvanmaNDalI ke samakSa prAcArya zrI se kahA :"pUjyavara ! maiM isa kArya meM merI ora se jitanI sahAyatA apekSita kI jA sakatI hai, use pUrA karane kA pUrI taraha prayAsa karUMgA / " tadanantara mahArAja jayasiMha ne zrI hemacandrasUri ko sasammAna vidA kiyA / nagara praveza kA zubha muhUrtta prAne para zubha dina zubha ghar3I meM mahArAja jayasiMha ke ThATa-bATa pUrvaka nagara praveza ke liye gaja, ratha, azva Adi vAhana susajjita kara prastuta kiye gaye / gurjara rAjya kI caturaMgiNI vizAla senA bhI susannaddha ho gurjareza ke Age pIche aura donoM pArzva meM raha kara prayAraNa ke liye samudyata huI / usI samaya siddharAja jayasiMha ne apane mantriyoM ke samakSa hI mAlavarAja yazovarmA ke hAtha meM apanI nagna kaTAra ( do dhAra vAlI churI) dete hue ghoSaNA kI ki eka hI hAthI para maiM Age baiThUMgA aura mere pRSTha bhAga para hAtha meM naMgI churI liye mAlavarAja yazovarmA baiTheMge / isI mudrA meM maiM nagara praveza karUMgA / yaha sunate hI muMjAla mantrI ne dIrgha nizvAsa chor3ate hue kahA : "mAsma saMdhi vijAnantu, mAsma jAnantu vigraham / khyAtaM yadi zrRNvanti, bhUpAstenaiva paMDitA // " arthAt bhUpatiMgaraNa sandhi aura vigraha kI nIti ko jAna leM athavA na jAna leM, kintu purAtana prAkhyAnoM ko, rAjanaitika zrAkhyAnoM ko yadi dhyAna se suna leM to ve rAjanIti ke pAradRzvA paNDita ho jAte haiM / rAjan ! nIti zAstra meM niSNAta hote hue bhI Apane apanI hI mati ke anusAra jo yaha nirNaya kiyA hai vaha vastutaH na prApake hita meM hai aura na prajAhita meM hI / " ---- isa para mahArAja jayasiMha ne kahA - " mantrivara ? maiM kahe hue apane vacana se pIche haTane kI apekSA prANoM ke parityAga ko zreSTha samajhatA huuN|" apane svAmI kI isa bAta ko sunakara muMjAla ne kASTha se banI aura zveta raMga se raMgI huI jayasiMha dvArA dI gaI churI ke sthAna para mAlavarAja pratyutpanna mati mahAmantrI myAna rahita churI mahArAja yazovarmA ke hAtha meM de dI /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] siddharAja jayasiMha [ 386 tadanantara hAtha meM dArumayI kaTAra liye yazovarmA ke Age hAthI para baiThakara siddharAja jayasiMha ne atIva manohArI ADambarapUrNa ThATa-bATa ke sAtha jayaghoSoM ke bIca nagara praveza mahotsava se jana-jana ke mana ko raMjita karate hue ahillapura paTTaNa nagara meM praveza kiyaa| pravezotsava ke sampanna ho jAne ke anantara mahArAja jayasiMha ko AcAryazrI hamacandrasUri kI vyAkaraNa nirmANa viSayaka bAta kA smaraNa huA aura unhoMne sudUrastha vidyAkendroM evaM vibhinna nagaroM se udbhaTa vaiyAkaraNoM ke sAtha-sAtha usa samaya meM upalabdha sabhI prakAra ke vyAkaraNa granthoM ko maMgavAyA aura unheM hemacandrAcArya ko samarpita kiyaa| prAcArya hemacandra ne una sabhI vyAkaraNa granthoM kA avagAhana kara savA lAkha zloka parimANa siddhahema vyAkaraNa nAmaka paMcAMgapUrNa atIva sundara evaM sugamya vyAkaraNa grantha kA nirmANa kiyaa| isa vyAkaraNa ke nirmANa meM mahArAja jayasiMha ke nagara praveza mahotsava ke pazcAt eka varSa kA samaya lgaa| siddhahema vyAkaraNa ko hAthI ke hode para rakhakara usa para rAjasI chatra aura cAmaroM ko Dhorate hue bar3e mahotsava ke sAtha mahArAja jayasiMha ke rAjamandira meM lAyA gayA aura bar3e harSollAsa ke sAtha usakI pUjA arcA ke pazcAt use rAjya koSAgAra meM rakhA gyaa| mahArAjA jayasiMha ne siddha hema byAkaraNa kA bhalIbhAMti parIkSaNa karane ke pazcAt rAjAjJA prasArita karavA dI ki unake rAjya kI sImAoM meM ekamAtra siddhahema vyAkaraNa kA hI adhyayana-adhyApana kiyA jAya, na ki kisI anya vyAkaraNa kA / svalpa kAla meM hI digdiganta meM siddha hema vyAkaraNa kI kIrti prasRta ho gii| isa vyAkaraNa ke nAmakaraNa meM prayukta siddha aura hema zabdoM se mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha aura kalikAla sarvajJa AcAryazrI hemacandra kA nAma amara ho gyaa| siddharAja AcAryazrI hemacandra ke tyAga, tapa aura prakANDa pAMDitya se itanA adhika prabhAvita huA ki vaha jIvana bhara unakA sarvAdhika sammAna karatA rahA / ___ nyAyanItipUrvaka gurjara rAjya kA zAsana karate hue eka dina siddharAja jayasiMha ke mana meM yaha vicAra utpanna huA ki saMsAra sAgara ko pAra kiye binA zAzvata sukha kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| saMsAra sAgara ko taira kara pAra karane ke liye sabhI darzanoM meM mArga darzana kiyA gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM kaunasA darzana pUrNataH saccA aura sarvazreSTha hai| isakA nirNaya kiyA jAnA sarvaprathama paramAvazyaka hai| isa prakAra ke nirNaya ke anantara jo sarvazreSTha aura parama satya darzana ho usI ke nirdezoM kA pAlana karate hue saMsAra sAgara ko pAra kiyA jAya / isa prakAra vicAra kara gurjarAdhIza ne vibhinna darzanoM ke dharmAdhyakSoM ko rAjasabhA meM Amantrita kara sacce dharma kI khoja karanA prArambha kiyaa| pratyeka dharmAdhyakSa se rAjA ne yahI prazna kiyA ki sarvazreSTha aura saccA darzana kaunasA hai ? __ rAjA ke prazna ke uttara meM pratyeka dharmAdhyakSa ne apane dharmazAstroM ke pramANa prastuta karate hue ekamAtra apane darzana ko hI saccA aura sarvazreSTha btaayaa|
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________________ 360 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 una vibhinna darzanoM ke dharmAcAryoM ke nijastuti evaM paranindAparaka uttaroM se siddharAja jayasiMha kA kisI nirNaya para pahu~canA to dUra, isake viparIta una dharmAdhyakSoM kI eka-dUsare ke viparIta tarkoM evaM yuktiyoM ko suna-suna kara usakA mana aneka prakAra ke sandehoM ke jhaloM para jhalatA-jhalatA jhakajhorita ho utthaa| antatogatvA siddharAja jayasiMha ne jainAcArya hemacandrasUri ko Amantrita kiyA aura unake samakSa bhI apanA vahI prazna rakhate hue kahA-"mahAtman ! maiM saMsAra sAgara ko pAra karanA cAhatA huuN| isIlie maiM yaha jAnanA cAhatA hUM ki saMsAra sAgara meM DUbate hue prANiyoM ko saMsArasAgara se pAra utArane kA dAvA karane vAle Aja ke yuga ke dharma darzanoM meM se vastutaH kaunasA darzana-kaunasA dharma saccA hai, jisakA avalambana le saMsAra sAgara ko taira kara pAra karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAya ?" rAjA ke prazna ko suna kara AcArya hemacandra ne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA ki vibhinna mAnyatAoM vAle vibhinna dharmoM ke dharmAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne svadarzanamaNDana aura paradarzana-khaNDana ke athaka prayAsa meM aneka prakAra kI yuktiyoM evaM tarko ko prastuta kara rAjA ko asamaMjasapUrNa saMzayAspada sthiti meM DAla diyA hai ataH isake samakSa dArzanika tarka evaM yuktiyoM ke rakhane se koI lAbha nahIM hone vAlA hai / vibhinna darzanoM ke dharmAdhyakSoM ne apane-apane tarkoM evaM yuktiyoM se rAjA ke manamastiSka meM tarkajAla nirmita kara diyA hai, merI saiddhAntika yuktiyoM se kevala itanA hI hogA ki usa pahale se bane hae tarka jAla meM tarkoM kA eka tAnA-bAnA aura jur3a jAyegA / yaha vicAra kara AcArya hemacandra ne rUpaka ke rUpa meM eka paurANika AkhyAna prastuta karate hue kahA- "rAjan ! eka paurANika AkhyAna hai ki eka vyApArI ne apanI pUrva patnI se ruSTa hokara apanI sampUrNa sampatti para apanA adhikAra kara liyaa| patnI ke pAsa kucha bhI nahIM rakkhA / isa Akasmika parivartana se duHkhita ho vaha vaNik patnI apane pati ko punaH vaza meM karane ke liye aneka tAntrikoM evaM mAntrikoM se isa prakAra kA koI kArya karane kI prArthanA karane lagI jisase ki usakA pati pUrNarUpeNa punaH usake vaza meM ho jAya / saMyoga vazAt use eka gauDadezIya kArmaNaka (TonA karane vAle) ne eka auSadhi dete hue kahA :"yaha tuma apane pati ko kisI taraha khilA denaa| isake khAte hI tumhArA pati Dora se bandhe Dhora ke samAna tumhAre vaza meM ho jaaygaa|" vaha auSadhi dekara vaha tAntrika calA gyaa| eka dina rAtri ke samaya usa vaNik patnI ne vaha auSadhi bhojana meM milAkara apane pati ko khilA dI / usa acintya zakti vAlI divya auSadhi ke khAte hI tatkAla usakA pati baila ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gyaa| yaha dekhakara vaha vaNik patnI atyanta duHkhita huI / use apane duSkRtya para bar3A pazcAttApa huA / kintu usa auSadhi kA use koI pratikAra jJAta nahIM thA / isa kAraNa vaha vivaza ho par3osiyoM ke kaTu kaTAkSoM, jana-jana ke tAnoM ko sunatI huI usa baila kI sevA karane lgii|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] siddharAja jayasiMha [ 361 vaha hare-bhare maidAnoM meM usa baila ko le jAkara carAtI, sarovaroM kA svaccha nIra pilAtI aura rAta-dina pazcAttApa kI agni meM jalatI rhtii| eka dina madhyAhna kI cilacilAtI dhUpa meM vaha usa baila ko gocara bhUmi meM ghAsa carAte-carAte sUrya kI pracaNDa kiraNoM se pratapta ho eka vRkSa kI chAyA meM baiThakara vilApa karane lgii| akasmAt usane gagana meM kisI ke vArtAlApa kA zabda sunaa| usane jyoMhI sira Upara uThAyA to dekhA ki vimAna meM bhagavAn zaMkara bhavAnI ke sAtha baiThe hue haiN| bhavAnI usake karuNa vilApa kA kAraNa pUcha rahI hai| ziva ne pArvatI ko bItI huI ghaTanA kA vRttAnta sunAte hue kahA :-"yadi yaha strI isI vRkSa kI chAyA meM isa baila ko carAye to yahAM eka aisI vanyauSadhi hai ki jisake khAte hI yaha baila punaH puruSa ke rUpa meM prakaTa ho jaaygaa|" tadanantara tatkAla ziva aura pArvatI vimAna sahita tirohita ho gye| gaurIzaMkara ke isa saMvAda ko sunakara vaha vaNik patnI uThI aura eka kASTha khaMDa lekara jahAM-jahAM usa vRkSa kI chAyA usa samaya thI usa bhU-bhAga para usa DaMDe se pRthvI para rekhA khIMca dii| isake bAda usa rekhAMkita bhU-bhAga meM se vanaspati ghAsa, jar3IbUMTI Adi ukhAr3a-ukhAr3a kara usa baila ko khilAne lgii| isa prakAra baila ko ghAsa khilAte-khilAte koI aisI vanaspati auSadhi usa baila ke mukha meM calI gaI ki jise usake mukha meM rakhate hI vaha baila punaH puruSa bana gayA / " __ prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne siddharAja jayasiMha ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :- "rAjan ! jisa prakAra usa ajJAta auSadhi ne abhIsipta kArya kI siddhi kara dI usI prakAra kaliyuga meM vyAmoha ke kAraNa jo pAtratA kA parijJAna naSTa ho gayA hai, vastutaH sabhI darzanoM kI bhaktipUrvaka ArAdhanA karane se vaha ajJAta pAtra parijJAna zivasukha pradAyI ho sakatA hai / ataH he rAjan ! Apa jaise nyAyapriya rAjA ke liye sabhI darzanoM ke prati sammAna prakaTa karanA hI zreSTha hai|" prAcAryazrI hemacandra ke isa uttara se siddharAja jayasiMha bar3A santuSTa huA aura usI dina se usane samabhAva se sabhI darzanoM ke prati sammAnapUrNa vyavahAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| isa prakAra siddharAja jayasiMha ne apane rAjyakAla meM svayaM zaiva dharmAvalambI hote hue bhI sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ke sAtha samAna rUpa se sammAnAspada vyavahAra kiyaa| isake rAjyakAla meM gurjara rAjya kI samRddhi uttarottara bar3hatI hI gii| mAlava jaise samRddha aura sampanna rAjya ko gurjara sattA ke adhIna kara usane nyAya nItipUrvaka prajA kA pAlana kiyaa| vaha apane sabhI sainika abhiyAnoM meM sadaiva saphala rahA / isa kAraNa athavA tIna varSa kI vaya meM hI bAlalIlA karate samaya svayameva rAjasiMhAsana para sahaja bhAva se prArUr3ha ho gayA, isI kAraNa gurjarezvara mahArAjA jayasiMha ko loka dvArA siddharAja ke viruda se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| isI kAraNa Aja bhI itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM gurjareza jayasiMha ko siddharAja jayasiMha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai /
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________________ 392 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 siddharAja jayasiMha ke vizAla sAmrAjya ko usake pIche sambhAlane vAlA koI putra nahIM huA / isa kAraNa usakA antima samaya bar3A zokapUrNa rhaa| use afest se yaha jJAta ho gayA thA ki usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt kumArapAla vizAla gurjara rAjya kA adhipati hogA / isa kAraNa bhI vaha apanI Ayu ke antima dinoM meM cintAmagna rahA / vastutaH vaha yaha nahIM cAhatA thA ki vizuddha cAlukya rAjavaMza ke rAja siMhAsana para hInakula kA vyakti usakA uttarAdhikArI bana kara baitthe| siddharAja jayasiMha ke dAdA mahArAja bhIma ne apane aNahillapura paTTaraNa meM caulA devI nAma kI eka vArAMganA kI yazogAthAeM sunIM ki vaha aneka divya guNoM evaM anupama rUpa lAvaNya se sampanna hote hue bhI aisI maryAdA kA pAlana karatI hai ki UMce se UMce kula kI kulavadhueM bhI usake guNoM kI prazaMsA karate nahIM zraghAtI / mahArAjA bhIma ne apane vizvasta anucara ke mAdhyama se apanI savA lAkha mUlya kI kaTArI usake pAsa agrima rAzi ke rUpa meM parIkSA hetu bhejI / vaha kaTArI paNyAMganA caulA devI ke pAsa pahu~cAne ke anantara mahArAjA bhIma tatkAla hI mAlavapradeza meM vijayAbhiyAna hetu calA gayA aura do varSa taka mAlava pradeza meM hI rukA rahA / caulA devI ne ve do varSa vizuddha zIlavrata kA pAlana karate hue hI bitaaye| kyoMki usane savA lAkha mUlya kI mahArAjA bhIma kI kaTArI agrima rAzi ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara lI thI isaliye usane kisI puruSa kA mu~ha taka nahIM dekhA / mAlava pradeza ke sainika abhiyAna se lauTane ke pazcAt mahArAjA bhIma ne caulA devI ke zIlavrata pAlana kI yazogAthAeM apane caroM ke mukha se suniiN| vaha usake isa guraNa para mugdha ho gayA aura usane tatkAla caulA devI ko rAjakIya sammAna ke sAtha bulavA kara apane antaHpura meM rakha liyA / mahArAjA bhIma ko apanI rakSitA (rakhela) caulA devI se haripAla nAma kA eka putra utpanna huA / kAlAntara meM caulA devI ke putra usa haripAla se tribhuvanapAla kA janma huA aura usa tribhuvanapAla se kumArapAla kA / yahI kAraNa thA ki siddharAja jayasiMha isa bhaya se ki kahIM usake maraNoparAnta kumArapAla cAlukyavaMza ke pavitra rAja siMhAsana para na baiTha jAya, kumArapAla kA prANAnta kara dene ke liye vyagra ho uThA / siddharAja jayasiMha ke jIvana kI yahI eka aisI ghaTanA thI ki jisane usake antima jIvana ko vikSubdha kara diyA thA / zeSa usakA jIvana bar3A hI sammAnAspada evaM Adarza rahA / siddharAja jayasiMha ke 46 varSa ke zAsanakAla meM gurjara rAjya ne abhUtapUrva vRddhi evaM samRddhi prApta kI / vikrama samvat 1966 meM vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke mahAn zaktizAlI gurjara nareza ne isa loka se paraloka ke liye prayANa kiyA / vizAla gurjara rAjya ke adhipati siddharAja jayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM AcAryazrI devasUri, kalikAla sarvajJa ke viruda se vibhUSita zrAcAryazrI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] siddharAja jayasiMha [ 363 hemacandrasUri aura jinavallabhasUri ke paTTadhara dAdA jinadattasUri ye tIna mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka yugapuruSa hue| mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjasabhA meM unake (jayasiMha ke) nAnA karNATaka nareza jayakezI ke rAjaguru digambarAcAryavAdI cakravartI kumudacandra ke sAtha devasUri kA zAstrArtha huaa| siddharAja jayasiMha kI nyAyapriyatA kA yaha eka Adarza evaM aitihAsika udAharaNa thA ki unhoMne apane nAnA ke rAjaguru AcArya kumudacandra ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha meM zvetAmbarAcArya devasUri ko vijayI ghoSita karate hue unheM bar3e samAroha ke sAtha jayapatra pradAna kiyaa|
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________________ paramArhata mahArAjA kumArapAla vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka ke samApta hone ke kevala eka varSa pUrva se lekara vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama tIna dazakoM taka kula milAkara 31 varSa taka vizAla gurjara rAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para mahArAjA kumArapAla AsIna rahakara nyAya nItipUrvaka apanI prajA kA pAlana karate hue jinazAsana ke abhyudaya aura utkarSa ke aneka kAryoM meM nirata rahe / apane zAsana kAla meM gurjarAdhIza mahArAjA kumArapAla dvArA kiye gaye jinazAsana ke abhyudayotthAnakArI mahattvapUrNa kAryoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue jaina jagat meM unheM paramArhata ke viruda se abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI zatAbdiyoM taka isI viruda ke sAtha jaina itihAsa meM unakA nAma svarNAkSaroM meM likhA jAtA rhegaa| kumArapAla kA rAjyArohaNa se pUrvakAla kA jIvana bar3A hI dukhaHpUrNa evaM saMgharSamaya rahA / usako apane prANoM kI rakSA ke liye pracchanna veSa meM dara-dara kI ThokareM khAnI pdd'ii| aneka bAra usake samakSa ghora prANasaMkaTa upasthita hue aura use apane prANoM kI rakSA ke liye palAyana kara aneka varSoM taka sanyAsI ke veSa meM sudUrastha pradezoM meM bhaTakanA par3A / "na bhavati mahimA vinA vipatteH", yaha ukti paramArhata mahArAjA kumArapAla para akSaraza: caritArtha hotI hai| kumArapAla ke isa prakAra ke saMgharSamaya evaM saMkaTapUrNa jIvana ke pIche eka bahuta bar3A kauTumbika kAraNa rahA hai| yoM to kumArapAla kI dhamaniyoM meM yazasvI cAlukya rAjavaMza kA hI rakta pravAhita ho rahA thA, kintu usake janma kI eka vicitra kathA ke kAraNa isake pUrvavartI cAlukyarAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne yaha eka prakAra se dRr3ha saMkalpa kara liyA thA ki pavitra cAlukya rAjavaMza ke rAja siMhAsana para usake pazcAt cAlukya vaMza kA aisA uttarAdhikArI prAsIna ho, jisake mAtR-pakSa evaM pitR pakSa pUrNataH vizuddha evaM niSkalaMka hoN| kintu siddharAja jayasiMha kI mAnyatAnusAra kumArapAla ke mAtRpakSa meM isa prakAra kI vizuddhatA evaM niSkalaMkatA nahIM thii| ___aMcalagacchIya purAtana itihAsavid AcAryazrI merutugasUri ne apanI vikrama samvat 1361 kI aitihAsika kRti "prabandha cintAmaNi" meM paramAhata mahArAjA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 365 kumArapAla ke mAtR pitR pakSa ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita prakAra kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai : "cAlukya mahArAja jayasiMha ke pitAmaha evaM paramArhata mahArAja kumArapAla prapitAmaha paTTanAdhIza mahArAja bhIma ke zAsanakAla ( vikrama samvat 1036 se vikrama samvat 1078 taka ) meM rAhillapura paTTaNa nagara meM eka vaizyA rahatI thI / usane caulAdevI nAma kI eka bAlA ko apane pAsa rakhakara usakA pAlana-poSaNa kiyA / jaba caulA devI ne kizora vaya ko pAra kara yauvana kI dehalI para prathama caraNa rakhA to usakI abhibhAvikA vaizyA ne use vAravadhu kA kArya prArambha karane ke liye bAdhya kiyA / bAlA caulA devI vastutaH rUpa lAvaNya sampannA anupama sundarI thI / vaha na kevala parama sundarI hI thI apitu kulIna kanyAoM ke aneka guNoM se sampanna thI / sura bAlAoM ke saundarya ko bhI tiraskRta kara dene vAle usake granindya saundarya evaM kulavadhutroM dvArA prazaMsanIya usake guNoM kI khyAti digdiganta meM prasRta ho cukI thI / aneka zrImanta caulAdevI ke saundarya aura guraNoM para mugdha ho usake rUpa lAvaNya kA rasapAna karane hetu usakI abhibhAvikA ko vipula dhanarAzi bheMTa karane kA prastAva kara cuke the kintu caulA devI ne apanI abhibhAvikA ke samakSa eka aisA praNa (zarta) rakkhA ki vaha jaba taka koI prazasta kula kA zauryazAlI evaM rUpaguNa sampanna puruSa jIvana bhara ke liye usakI apanI abhibhAvikA aura usake svayaM ke nirvAha yogya dhanarAzi dene kA usake samakSa prastAva na rakkhe, taba taka vaha isa prakAra ke nindya kArya ko nahIM karegI / usakI abhibhAvika ne aneka bAra use isa praraNa se DigAne kA bharasaka prayAsa kiyA kintu caulA devI apane praNa para aTala rahI / cAlukyarAja bhImadeva ne jaba caulA devI kI yazogAthA sunI to usane apane eka prati vizvAsapAtra evaM prabhAvazAlI bAlasakhA ke sAtha caulAdevI kI praNapUrti ke AzvAsana ke rUpa meM apanI eka savA lAkha mudrA ke mUlya kI kaTArI usake pAsa bandhaka ke rUpa meM bhejI / caulAdevI, aisA pratIta hotA hai, pahale se hI mahArAja bhIma para mugdha thI, sambhavata: isI kAraNa usa bandhaka svarUpA bhIma kI kaTArI ko usane saharSa svIkAra kara liyA / jisa dina caulA devI ne mahArAja bhIma dvArA usake pAsa bhejI gaI kaTArI ko grahaNa kiyA, saMyoga se usI dina eka lambe sainika abhiyAna ke liye mahArAja bhIma ko apanI caturaMgiNI senA ke sAtha mAlava pradeza kI ora prasthAna karanA par3A / mAlava pradeza meM ve aise vigrahagrasta hue ki do varSa taka ve aNahillapura paTTa nahIM lauTa sake / apane sainika abhiyAna ke saphalatApUrvaka sampanna hone ke pazcAt jaba ve apanI rAjadhAnI lauTe to unheM unake guptacaroM dvArA yaha vidita huA ki caulA devI ne kisI puruSa kA adyAvadhi muMha taka nahIM dekhA hai / isa prakAra kA saMvAda sunane aura isa viSaya meM sabhI bhAMti Azvasta ho jAne ke anantara pattanAdhIza cAlukyarAja bhIma ne pUrNa rAjakIya sammAna ke sAtha caulA devI ko apane
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________________ 366 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 antaHpura meM bulA liyA aura vidhipUrvaka use apanI rAnI banAkara usake sAtha dAmpatyasukha kA upabhoga karane lge| kAlAntara meM rAnI caulA devI garbhavatI huI aura samaya para usane eka sundara putra ko janma diyaa| mahArAja bhIma ne apane usa putra kA nAma haripAla rakkhA aura rAjakumAroM kI bhAMti usakA lAlana-pAlana kiyaa| yuvA hone para haripAla kA vivAha eka rAjakanyA ke sAtha kiyA gyaa| kAlAntara meM haripAla ko bhI eka putra-ratna kI prApti huI aura usane apane putra kA nAma bhavanapAla rakkhA / bhavanapAla kA bhI lAlana-pAlana saMvarddhana, zikSaNa aura dIkSaNa rAjaputroM kI bhAMti kiyA gyaa| vivAha yogya yuvAvaya meM bhuvanapAla kA vivAha bhI kSatriya rAjakanyA ke sAtha kara diyA gyaa| rAjasI vaibhava evaM ThATa bATa ke sAtha dAmpatya sukha kA upabhoga karate hue bhuvanapAla ko bhI eka putra-ratna kI prApti huI aura usakA nAma kumArapAla rakkhA gyaa| kumArapAla bar3A hI honahAra aura dayAlu prakRti kA milanasAra evaM pratibhAzAlI vyaktitva kA dhanI thaa| usakA bAlyakAla aura kizora kAla rAjakumAroM ko hI bhAMti aizvaryapUrNa sukhAvasthA meM vyatIta huaa| sabhI loga usase bar3e prabhAvita the aura usake atizAlIna mRdu maMjula svabhAva ke kAraNa rAjaprAsAda ke sabhI loga usase sammAna pUrNa prema karate the| haThAt usake saubhAgya ne ulTI karavaTa lI, jisane use ati durbhAgyapUrNa dAruNa duHkha ke sAgara meM Dhakela diyaa| eka dina sAmudrika zAstra kA eka labdha pratiSTha vizeSajJa siddharAja jayasiMha kI sevA meM upasthita huaa| usane cAlukya rAjavaMza ke katipaya kumAroM ke lalATa, hasta evaM padataloM ke sAmudrika cinha dekhe / kramazaH kumArapAla kI dehayaSTi para atyuttama sAmudrika cinhoM ko dekhakara vaha AzcaryAbhibhUta ho utthaa| siddharAja jayasiMha ko apane mukha kI ora jijJAsApUrNa dRSTi se nihArate dekha usa sAmudrika zAstravid ne kahA- "mahArAja! isa kizora ke sAmudrika lakSaNa aise zreSTha haiM ki jinake kAraNa Apake pazcAt yahI vizAla gurjara rAjya kA adhipati hogaa|" usane kumArapAla ke pAdatala para aMkita anavacchinna evaM suspaSTa Urdhva rekhA kI ora iMgita karate hue punaH kahA-"merI yaha sunizcita mAnyatA hai ki yaha rekhA kabhI viphala nahIM ho sktii|" sAmudrika zAstra ke vizeSajJa vidvAn kI bAta sunakara mahArAja jayasiMha mana hI mana bar3e khinna hue aura unhoMne usI samaya mana meM yaha dRr3ha saMkalpa kara liyA ki paramparAgata pavitra cAlukya rAjavaMza ko kisI bhI dazA meM ve apavAda kA bhAgI nahIM banane deMge / basa, usI dina se kumArapAla ke durdina prArambha ho gye| mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne mana hI mana yaha vicAra kiyA ki yadi yaha kumArapAla jIvita rahA to avazyameva isakI bhAgya rekhA eka na eka dina phalavatI . ho sakatI hai, aisI sthiti meM 'naSTe mUle kutaH zAkhA' athavA 'na rahegA bAMsa na
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 367 bajegI bAMsurI' kI uktiyoM ke anusAra isako yena kena upAyena yamadhAma ko pahuMcA diyA jAya to pavitra cAlukya rAjavaMza ke bhAla para kAlimA kI kSINatama rekhA bhI nahIM ubhara paavegii| yaha vicAra kara mahArAja jayasiMha kumArapAla ko mArane ke avasara kI khoja meM rahane lge| apanI sahajanmA pratyutpannamati evaM dUradarzitA ke kAraNa kumArapAla ko mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ke manobhAvoM kI thor3I sI jhalaka par3a gaI aura vaha sadA unase dUra rahane kA prayAsa karane lgaa| eka dina jaba use yaha pUrI taraha se vizvAsa ho gayA ki mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha usake prANoM ke pyAse haiM to kumArapAla gupta rUpa se eka tApasa kA veSa dhAraNa kara pATaNa se nikala par3A aura sudUrastha deza dezAntaroM meM idhara-udhara ghUmatA rhaa| isa prakAra pracchanna veSa meM katipaya varSoM taka vizAla bhArata ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karane ke anantara tApasa veSa meM hI vaha punaH pattana lauTA aura eka maTha meM anya saMnyAsiyoM ke sAtha rahane lgaa| zrAddha ke dinoM meM apane svargIya pitA mahArAja karNa ke zrAddha ke dina siddharAja jayasiMha ne pATaNa ke brAhmaNoM, sAdhuoM, sanyAsiyoM Adi ko zrAddha bhojana ke lie nimantrita kiyaa| unheM yaha zaMkA ho gaI thI ki kumArapAla sanyAsI ke veSa meM una dinoM aNahillapura paTTaNa meM hI pAyA huA hai, ataH siddharAja jayasiMha ne zrAddha ke dina apane yahAM samAgata sabhI sanyAsiyoM ke caraNoM ko apane hAtha se dhonA prArambha kiyaa| sAdhu veSa meM Aye hue kumArapAla ke pairoM kA apane donoM hAthoM kI aMguliyoM se prakSAlana karate samaya jaba siddharAja jayasiMha ko yaha jJAta huA ki isa tapasvI ke padatala meM atIva suspaSTa lambI Urdhva rekhA hai to unhoMne bar3e dhyAna se dRSTi gaDAkara usa tapasvI kI Urdhva rekhA ko dekhA aura unheM vizvAsa ho gayA ki yahI kumArapAla hai / kumArapAla pahale se hI sazaMka to thA hI, jaba usane siddharAja jayasiMha kI isa prakAra kI ceSTAoM ko dekhA to use aura vizvAsa ho gayA ki gurjarezvara ne use pahicAna liyA hai aura vaha isa bAra usake prANoM kA apaharaNa karake hI dama legA to vaha bar3I caturAI se sanyAsiyoM ke pIche apane Apako chipAtA huA apanA veSa badala kara tatkAla rAja prAsAda ke pUrva paricita kisI gupta dvAra se nikala bhaagaa| jaba kucha hI kSaNa meM siddharAja kI prAMkheM usa sAdhu veSadhArI kumArapAla ko khojane ke liye cAroM ora uThIM to usa sAdhu ko vahAM kahIM na dekha usane tatkAla apanI aMga-rakSaka senA ke nAyaka ko Adeza diyA ki sabhI dizAoM meM apane subhaToM ko bhejakara usa sAdhu ko pakar3a kara unake samakSa upasthita kro| kumArapAla nagara meM tvarita gati se Age kI ora bar3hatA huA Aliga nAma ke eka kumhAra ke ghara meM ghusA aura vahAM miTTI ke bhAMDoM ko pakAne ke liye prAva meM kumhAra ke dvArA rakhe jA rahe bhAMDoM ke nIce chipa gyaa| rAjA ke subhaTa kumArapAla kA anusaraNa karate hue kumhAra ke ghara meM ghuse / unhoMne kumhAra ke ghara aAMgana Adi ko ghUma-ghUma kara bar3e dhyAna se dekhA kintu kahIM kumArapAla ko na dekhakara unhoMne kumhAra se pUchA :--- "eka yuvaka rAjamahaloM se bhAga nikalA hai, kyA tumane use dekhA hai ?" dayAlu kumhAra ne bar3I caturAI se ajJAta kI bhAMti apanI mukhamudrA banAte hue
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________________ 368 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 hAtha jor3akara kahA :-"nahIM mahArAja! idhara to koI nahIM aayaa|" rAjA ke sainika tatkAla kisI aura dizA kI ora kumAra kI khoja meM cala pdd'e| kucha kSaNoM taka vahIM chipe rahakara kumAra sAvadhAnIpUrvaka Ava se bAhara nikalA aura nagara ke bAhara vana kI ora drutagati se jhADa-jhaMkhADoM aura vRkSoM kI proTa meM chipatA huA eka kisAna ke kheta meM pahuMcA / vahAM bahuta se kisAna apane khetoM kI rakSA ke liye bADa nirmANa hetu kaTIle vRkSoM kI lambI-lambI TahaniyoM kI eka vizAla rAzi taiyAra kara rahe the, kumAra cupacApa usa kaMTakarAzi ke nIce chipa gayA / usakA zarIra kaMTakoM se biMdha gayA kintu usane sAhasapUrvaka usa kaSTa ko sahana kiyaa| rAjA ke subhaTa jo saba ora kumArapAla kI khoja meM ghUma rahe the, unameM se katipaya subhaTa usa kisAna ke pAsa bhI aaye| kheta meM cAroM ora unhoMne vRkSoM Adi meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kumArapAla kI khoja kI / kaTIlI jhAr3iyoM ke usa bar3e Dhera ko bhI unhoMne apane tIkSNa bhAle Dhera meM ghuser3a-ghuser3a kara dekhA para kumArapAla zvAMsa roke cupacApa usa kAMTe ke Dhera ke nIce chipA rahA / rAjA ke sainika hatAza hokara vahAM se bhI lauTa gaye / sainikoM ke cale jAne ke pazcAt una kisAnoM ne rAtri ke andhakAra meM kumArapAla ko usa kaMTaka rAzi se bAhara nikAla kara azana pAnAdi se tRpta kara vahAM se vidA kiyA / vRkSoM aura latAgulmoM kI proTa meM chipatA huA kumArapAla do dina aura do rAta taka nirantara calatA rahA aura tIsare dina praNahillapura paTTaNa se bahuta dUra eka ghane jaMgala meM pahuMcA / sUrya kI prakhara kiraNoM se santapta aura itanI lambI daur3a bhAga ke parizrama se klAnta kumArapAla eka vRkSa kI chAyA meM baiTha gyaa| vahAM usane dekhA ki eka cUhA apane muha meM eka raupya mudrA liye apane bila se bAhara nikalA aura usa raupya mudrA ko eka ore rakha kara punaH bila meM praviSTa ho gayA / thor3I hI dera ke pazcAt vaha punaH dUsarI raupya mudrA liye bila se bAhara nikalA aura use bhI pahalI mudrA ke pAsa rakha kara punaH bila meM praviSTa ho gyaa| isa prakAra vaha cUhA 21 bAra eka-eka raupya mudrA apane muha meM liye bila se bAhara AtA rahA aura una saba mudrAoM ko kramaza: eka-dUsarI mudrA ke pAsa rakhatA rahA / anta meM vaha pahalI mudrA ko mukha se pakar3a kara bila meM praviSTa ho gyaa| kumArapAla yaha dekha kara apane sthAna se uThA aura una avaziSTa bIsoM hI mudrAoM ko uThA kara eka vRkSa kI aoTa meM baiTha usa bila kI ora dekhane lgaa| usane dekhA ki kucha hI kSaNoM meM vaha cUhA punaH apane bila se bAhara lauTA aura jisa sthAna para usane raupya mudrAeM rakhI thIM, usa sthAna para una mudrAoM ko na dekha kara itastataH una mudrAoM kI bar3I hI vyagratApUrvaka khoja karane lgaa| antatogatvA jaba use ve mudrAeM nahIM milI to vaha idhara-udhara lauTa-poTa ho chaTapaTA kara mara gyaa| isa prakAra cUhe ko marA huA dekhakara kumArapAla bar3A duHkhita huA aura mana hI mana socane lagA ki apane svAyatta dravya ke prati eka abodha vanya jantu ko bhI kitanA pragAr3ha moha hotA hai / use svayaM ko bhI apanA ghara-dvAra hI nahIM sarvasva taka chor3a kara vana-vana kI, dara-dara kI ThokareM khAne ke liye bAdhya honA par3A hai| isa prakAra bhArI mana liye vaha usa
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa- 2 1 mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 366 vana meM Age kI ora bddh'aa| tIna dina se use khAne ko kucha bhI nahIM milA thA / bhUkha ke kAraNa use eka Daga bhI Age baDhanA dUbhara ho gayA thA / usI samaya sasurAla se apane pIhara kI ora pAlakI meM jA rahI kisI apAra samRddhizAlI zreSThikula kI mahilA kI dRSTi pUrNarUpeNa parizrAnta - klAnta evaM mlAnamukha kumArapAla para par3I / prathama dRSTinipAta se hI usa yuvatI ne tAr3a liyA ki vaha koI sambhrAnta kula kA pradIpa hai aura durdinoM kI capeTa meM grA bhUkhA-pyAsA vana meM bhaTaka rahA hai| usane apanI pAlakI roka kara kumArapAla se pUchA :" bandhu ! tuma kauna ho ?" adIna ghanarava gambhIra svara meM ISatsmita ke sAtha kumArapAla ne uttara diyA :-' - "bahina ! isa samaya to maiM isase adhika kucha bhI kahane kI sthiti meM nahIM hUM ki maiM eka lakSyavihIna pathika huuN|" ramaNI ne sahame svara meM prazna kiyA :- " bandhuvara ! aisA kauna-sA vRkSa hai, jise zIta, uSNa Adi saba prakAra ke anukUla athavA pratikUla pavana ke jhauMkoM ne nahIM jhakajhorA ho ? pahale ke dina na rahe, to ye dina bhI sadA rahane vAle nahIM haiM / kyA Apa yatheccha samaya taka hamAre yahAM sukhapUrvaka pracchanna ekAnta ajJAtavAsa karane kI sthiti meM haiM ?" kumArapAla ne kRtajJatApUrNa dRr3ha svara meM kahA :- " bahina ! tumhAre isa vAtsalyapUrNa uccakulocita sauhArdabhAva ke lie dhanyavAda ! kintu maiM kisI ko apane durdinoM kA sAbhI nahIM banAUMgA, vizeSa kara tumhAre jaise sukhI samRddha parivAra ko / yaha kaha kara kumArapAla ne Age kI ora Daga bar3hAyA / " Era kula kI usa mahilA ne kumArapAla ko rokate hue kahA :- "Thaharo bhAI ! tumhAre svAvalambanaparaka sAhasa se tumheM zIghra hI abhIpsita kArya kI siddhi prApta hogI, kintu thor3A bhojana kara lo| dekho ! bahina ke Agraha ko TAlanA mata / " yaha kahate hue usa Ibhya mahilA ne apane pAtheya meM se karamba kA svAdiSTa pAtheya vipula mAtrA meM usa pathika kI ora bar3hAyA / kumArapAla usake Agraha ko TAla na sakA aura usane vaha pAtheya rakha liyA / kumArapAla ne eka saghana vRkSa kI ora Daga bar3hAye aura usa imya patnI ne apanI pAlakI ko apane lakSya kI ora bar3hAne kA apane paricArakoM ko Adeza diyA / jaise koI bhUlI-bisarI bAta smRti paTala para A ubharI ho / kumArapAla sahasA usa mahilA kI pAlakI ke pAsa AyA aura usase pUchA :- "Apa kisa zrImanta kI putrI aura kisa Ibhya kI kulavadhu haiM ?"
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________________ 400 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 __usa zreSThikula kI mahilA se usake zvasura aura pitA kA nAma-dhAma mAlUma kara kumArapAla bIsa rajata mudrAeM usa zreSThi kulavadhu ke hAtha meM rakhakara bolA :"bahina ! apane bhAI kI yaha akiMcana bheMTa ThukarAnA mata / " tadanantara kumArapAla tvarita gati se usa saghana vRkSa kI ora bar3ha gayA / kumArapAla ne vRkSa kI chAyA meM baiThakara tIna dina se prajvalita ho rahI apanI peTa kI jvAlA ko zAnta kiyaa| pAsa hI bahatI huI nadI se jala pIkara vaha dakSiNa dizA kI ora bar3ha calA / isa prakAra aneka prAntoM meM paribhramaNa karatA huA kumArapAla stambha tIrtha meM sAmanta udayana ke pAsa pahuMcA, usa samaya sAmanta udayana pauSadhazAlA meM prAcAryazrI hemacandrAcArya ke pAsa baiThA hA thaa| kUmArapAla ne pauSadhazAlA meM jAkara prAcAryazrI hemacandra ko namaskAra karane ke anantara udayana kA abhivAdana kiyaa| udayana kumArapAla ko dekhate hI harSa-vibhora ho uThA aura use apane vakSasthala se lagA apane pAsa bitthaayaa| tadanantara AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ko kumArapAla kA paricaya karAte hue udayana ne AcAryazrI se prazna kiyA :-"bhagavan ! isa zauryapuMja kSatriyakumAra kI isa durbhAgyapUrNa dazA kA anta kaba hogA ?" prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne kumArapAla ke bhAla evaM anya aMgoM para aMkita prazasta lakSaNoM ko dekhakara ghanarava gambhIra sudRr3ha svara meM kahA :-"sAmantarAja! yaha yuvaka zIghra hI sArvabhauma rAja rAjezvara hone vAlA hai| yaha sunizcita hai| isakI prazasta bhAgyarekhAoM ko aba to vidhAtA bhI nahIM miTA sktaa|" dAridrya kI durdazA meM prAkaNTha magna kumArapAla ke sAtha hI sAmanta udayana ko bhI AcAryazrI ke isa bhaviSya kathana para eka bAra to vizvAsa nahIM huaa| donoM ko saMdigdhAvasthA meM dekhakara hemacandrasUri ne yaha kahate hue ki kSatriyakumAra ke liye yaha koI asambhava bAta nahIM hai, dRr3ha svara meM kahA :- "vikrama samvat 1166 kI kAttika kRSNA dvitIyA, ravivAra ke dina hasta nakSatra meM yadi kumArapAla kA rAjyAbhiSeka na ho jAya to maiM usa dina ke pazcAt isa nimitta jJAna se sadA sarvadA ke liye saMnyAsa grahaNa kara luuNgaa|" tadanantara prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne apane isa bhaviSya kathana ko apane hAtha se do patroM para likhA / eka patra unhoMne mantrI udayana ke hAtha meM aura dUsarA patra kumArapAla ke hAtha meM rakha diyA / isa camatkArapUrNa bhaviSya kathana ko isa prakAra ke sudRr3ha Atma-vizvAsa ke sAtha prakaTa karane ke AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke adbhuta kalA-kauzala ko dekhakara AzcaryAbhibhUta kumArapAla ne nirNayAtmaka svara meM kahA :-"bhagavan ! yadi ApakA yaha bhaviSya kathana satya siddha huA to usI dina se usa samasta rAjya ke Apa hI svAmI hoNge| maiM to Apake AjJAkArI anucara ke rUpa meM sadA Apake prAdezoM kI anupAlanA ko hI AjIvana apanA saubhAgya samajhatA rhuuNgaa|"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla . [ 401 kumArapAla kI isa prakAra kI pratijJA ko sunakara AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne kahA :- "kSatriyakumAra ! antatogatvA naraka meM girAne vAle rAjya se hamAre jaise virakta sAdhu-saMnyAsiyoM ko kyA prayojana hai ? hAM, Apa apanI isa bAta ko sadA yAda rakhanA aura yathAzakti zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana kI satata sevA meM nirata rahate hue apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa karate rahanA / " . kumArapAla ne prAcAryazrI ke isa nirdeza ko aTala AjJA samajhakara zirodhArya kiyA aura unheM namaskAra karane ke anantara mantrI pravara udayana ke sAtha usake prAsAda kI ora prasthita huA / mantrIzvara udayana ne. snAna, pAna, azanAdi se kumArapAla kA bahumAnapUrvaka sammAna-satkAra kiyA aura use usakI lakSya vihIna yAtrA ke liye paryApta pAtheya pradAna kara vidA kiyaa| udayana se vidA hI kumArapAla kramika pada-yAtrA karatA huA mAlava pradeza meM phuNcaa| vahAM usane kuDaMgezvara ke bhavya prAsAda meM zilA para uTaiMkita prAcIna prazasti kI nimnalikhita gAthA ko par3hA : punne vAsasahasse, sayammi varisANa nvnviahie| hohI kumAranarindo tuha vikkamarAya sAriccho / / arthAt he vikrama mahArAja ! Apake svargArohaNa ke anantara eka hajAra eka sau ninyAnave varSa vyatIta ho jAne para Apake samAna hI pratApI kumArapAla nAma kA eka rAjA hogaa| ___ isa gAthA ko par3hakara kumArapAla ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| vikrama samvat 1166 kA avasAna hone meM eka mAsa se bhI kama samaya avaziSTa raha gayA hai / isa varSa ke avasAna ke sAtha hI sAtha mere rAjyArohaNa kAla viSayaka ina do bhaviSyavANiyoM ko dekhate hue mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kA avasAna kAla bhI sannikaTa hI pratIta ho rahA hai, yaha vicAra kara kumArapAla ne kuDaMgezvara se apahillapura paTTaNa kI ora prasthAna karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyaa| apanI mAtR pitR bhU gUrjara bhUmi kI aora drutagati se prayANa kara patha ko pAra karatA huA kumArapAla eka dina rAtri ke samaya aNahillapura paTTaNa pahuMcA aura apane bahanoI (bhaginIpati) kAnhaDadeva ke bhavana meM phuNcaa| kAnhaDadeva usa samaya rAjaprAsAda meM the| bahina ne apane bhAI kA bar3e dulAra se svAgata kiyA aura kahA- "mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha asAdhya rogagrasta ho acetanAvasthA meM rugNa zayyA para haiN| tumhAre jIjAjI ko yahAM lauTane meM sambhavataH vilamba ho sakatA hai| ataH tuma hAtha muMha dhokara bhojana kara lo|" kumArapAla ne kahA- "nahIM, maiM unake Ane para hI bhojana kruugaa|" unheM adhika samaya taka pratIkSA nahIM karanI pdd'ii| kAnhaDadeva rAja prAsAda se lauTa aaye| unhoMne kumArapAla ko bar3e prema ke sAtha bhojana karAyA aura kahA
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________________ 402 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 4 "abhI thor3I hI dera pahale mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha ne paraloka ke liye prayANa kara diyA hai / abhI taka isa sUcanA ko gupta rakhA gayA hai / tuma isa samaya zAnti se so jaao| prAtaHkAla mahArAja ke antima saMskAra se pUrva hI cAlukya rAjavaMza ke paramparAgata niyama ke anusAra rAjyAbhiSeka ke mahattvapUrNa kArya kA niSpAdana karanA hai|" yaha kahakara kAnhaDadeva apane zayanakakSa meM cale gaye / kumArapAla bhI eka kakSa meM zayyA para leTa gyaa| kucha kSaNoM taka usake antarmana meM aneka prakAra ke vicAra Ate rahe kintu use uparivariNata do bhaviSyavANiyoM para aura gUrjara zAsana tantra ke prabhAvazAlI sAmanta apane bahanoI kAnhaDadeva para tathA apane pauruSa para aTala prAsthA thI / ataH vaha zIghra hI pragAr3ha nidrA meM magna ho gyaa| prAtaHkAla sUryodaya se pUrva hI kAnhaDadeva ne apanI susajjita senA sahita kumArapAla ko sAtha lekara rAjabhavana meM praveza kiyaa| rAjabhavana meM pahuMcane ke pazcAt kAnhaDadeva ne rAjya ke mahAmAtya, anya amAtyagaNa, sAmantagaraNa evaM pramukha rAjamAnya nAgarikoM ke samakSa rAjyAbhiSeka kI pUrI taiyArI krvaaii| kAnhaDadeva ne upasthita sAmanta, mantrI evaM mAnya nAgarikavRnda ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"isa ativizAla evaM mahAn zaktizAlI gurjara sAmrAjya ke bhAra ko vahana karane meM kauna sakSama hai ? isakI parIkSA kara lI jAya ?" vahAM upasthita sabhI pramukha puruSoM ne mauna iMgita se kAnhaDadeva ke kathana ke prati apanI sahamati prakaTa kii| rAja siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hone ke pratyAzI eka kumAra ko paTTa para baiThane kA kAnhaDadeva ne saMketa kiyaa| paTTa para baiThate samaya usa kumAra kA na kevala uttarIya apitu sabhI vastra asta-vyasta hue dekha kAnhaDadeva ne use hAtha pakar3a kara uThAyA aura eka ora baiThane kA saMketa kiyA / tadanantara dUsare pratyAzI kumAra ko kAnhaDadeva ne paTTa para baiThane kA nirdeza diyaa| usa kumAra ne paTTa para baiThakara apane donoM hAtha jor3akara sira ko jhukA diyA / haThAt vahAM upasthita sAmantAdi pramukha puruSoM ke kaNThoM se ye svara phUTa par3e-"yaha yazasvI gurjara rAjya vaMza ke unnata bhAla ko nIcA kara degaa|" kAnhaDadeva ne hAtha pakar3a kara usa dUsare pratyAzI ko bhI paTTa se uThA diyA aura kumArapAla ko siMhAsana para AsIna hone kA nirdeza diyA / kumArapAla tatkAla garuDa kI bhAMti vega se siMhAsana para sabhI bhAMti susaMyata ho apane uttamAMga ko rAja rAjezvara kI bhAMti Upara uThAye hue baiTha gayA aura apanI talavAra kI mUTha ko apane dakSiNa karake vajrapAza meM Abaddha kara use zanaiH zanai: dolita karane lgaa| vahAM upasthita sabhI pramukhajanoM ne sira jhukAkara usakA rAjyAbhiSeka karane kI saharSapUrNa sammati pradAna kii| rAja purohita ne tatkAla maMgala pATha ke sAtha kumArapAla kA gurjara sAmrAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA aura sAtha hI sAtha vividha vAdya dhvaniyoM se samasta vAyu maNDala gujarita ho utthaa| 'mahAmahima gurjarezvara mahArAja kumArapAla kI jaya ho' Adi jayaghoSoM se samasta gaganamaNDala prakampita ho utthaa| kAnhaDadeva Adi sabhI sAmantoM aura upasthita janasamUha ne
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 403 apane uttamAMgoM se pRthvI kA sparza karate hue kumArapAla ko namaskAra kiyA / rAjya meM sarvatra kumArapAla kI rAjAjJA prasArita karavA dI gaI / kumArapAla ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke anantara mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjakIya sammAna ke sAtha sabhI prakAra kI aurdhvadehika kriyAeM sampanna kI gaI / purohitoM, brAhmaNoM aura bhikSukoM ko vipula dAna diyA gayA / aneka prakAra ke puNya kArya kiye gaye / mahArAjA kumArapAla rAjyArohaNa se pUrva bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM evaM aneka rAjyoM meM paribhramaNa kara cukA thA, aneka prakAra ke kaTu anubhava bhI use ho cuke the, vibhinna rAjyoM kI prajA ke prabhAva abhiyogoM Adi kI dazA ko usane pratyakSa rUpa se dekhA thA, isa prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM se medhAvI kumArapAla kI medhA zakti aura bhI adhika nikhara cukI thI / usane zAsana sUtra sambhAlate hI rAjya ke saba kAryoM ko svayaM apanI sIdhI dekharekha meM karanA prArambha kiyA / zAsana sUtra ke saMcAlana kI sabhI gatividhiyoM para kumArapAla kI dUradarzI kar3I dRSTi ke kAraNa rAjya ke prAyaH sabhI pramukha adhikArIgaraNa thor3e hI dinoM meM usase mana hI mana ruSTa ho usakI hatyA karane ke prapaMca racane lage / kumArapAla ke puNya - pratApa se kisI svAmibhakta vayovRddha adhikArI ne kumArapAla ke samakSa usakI hatyA ke SaDayantra kI jAnakArI rakha dI / kumArapAla ne tatkAla una saba SaDayantrakAriyoM ko cuna-cuna kara eka hI rAta meM yamadhAma pahuMcA diyA / kumArapAla ke isa prakAra ke kaThora anuzAsana kA yaha pariNAma nikalA ki sabhI adhikArI, sabhI prakAra kI SaDayantrakArI pravRttiyoM se kosoM dUra rahakara pragAr3ha svAmibhakti aura aTUTa dezabhakti ke sAtha zAsana aura zAsita prajA kI sevA meM atyanta saMvedanazIlatA ke sAtha nirata rahane lage / mahArAja kumArapAla ne siMhAsanArUr3ha hote hI mantrIzvara udayana ke putra vAgbhaTTadeva ko apane mahAmAtya pada para niyukta kiyA aura prAliga nAmaka kumhAra ko citrakUTa ke pAsa sAta sau gAMvoM kA adhipati banA diyA / usake pArivArika janoM ko kSatriyoM ke samakakSa sammAna pradAna kara apane vaMza ke 'pradhAna' pada para niyata kiyaa| isa prakAra kI "pradhAna" jAtiyAM Aja bhI rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM ke kSatriyoM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| jina kisAnoM ne kaTIle vRkSoM kI kaMTIlI zAkhAoM ke Dhera ke nIce kumArapAla ko chipAkara rakhA thA, una kisAnoM ko kRtajJa ziromaNi kumArapAla ne apane aMgarakSakoM ke pada para pratiSThita kiyA / isa prakAra vizAla gurjara sAmrAjya ke zAsanasUtra ko apane hAtha meM sambhAlane ke svalpa kAla pazcAt hI kumArapAla ne apane rAjya ko niSkaMTaka banA liyA / udayana deva ke 'vAhaDa' nAmaka putra ko mahArAja jayasiMha ne apane jIvana ke saMdhyAkAla meM eka prakAra se apanA putra mAna liyA thA / vAhaDa kumAra kA rAjya ke
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________________ 404 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pramukha adhikAriyoM, karmacAriyoM, rAja bhavana ke paricArakoM evaM rAjya ke vibhinna gaNyamAnya pramukha nAgarikoM para paryApta prabhAva thaa| isake sAtha hI sAtha vAhaDakumAra mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha kA kRpApAtra varada putra hone ke kAraNa gurjara rAjya ke aneka rahasyoM se bhI avagata thA / use kumArapAla kA gurjara rAjya ke siMhAsana para ArUDha honA sahya nahIM huA / ataH usane mana hI mana nizcaya kiyA ki vaha yenakena-prakAreNa kumArapAla ko bhISaNa yuddha meM ulajhAkara use rAjyacyuta kre| isa prakAra vicAra karane ke anantara vaha sapAdalakSa (vartamAna sAMbhara) rAjya ke nareza kA senApati bana gyaa| sapAdalakSa ke rAjya kI senA ko abhivRddha, sugaThita, yuddha kalA kauzala meM niSNAta, zastrAstroM se susajjita evaM zaktizAlI banAkara usane kumArapAla se yuddha prArambha karane se pahale gurjara rAjya ke prAyaH sabhI sAmantoM, aneka senA-nAyakoM Adi ko bar3I-bar3I dhanarAziyAM ghUsa ke rUpa meM pradAna kara gupta rUpa se apane pakSa meM kara liyaa| isa prakAra kI vyavasthA karane ke anantara "hamArI jIta sunizcita hai", "hama kumArapAla ko avazyameva parAjita kara use bandI banA sakeMge" isa prakAra kA dRr3ha vizvAsa liye usane sapAdalakSa rAjya ke nareza aura usakI vizAla caturaMgiNI senA ko sAtha lekara gurjara rAjya kI sImAoM para par3Ava DAlA / caroM ke mukha se yaha suna kara ki sapAdalakSa nareza aura usakI senAoM ke sAtha vAhaDakumAra gurjara rAjya kI ora bar3ha rahA hai, kumArapAla ne bhI apanI caturaMgiNI vizAla senA ko yuddha hetu susajjita kara apanI sImA para par3Ava ddaalaa| donoM ora kI senAoM ne yuddha ke liye susajjita ho vyUha racanA kii| zatru kI senA gurjara rAjya kI sImA meM praveza kare, isase pahale hI 36 prakAra ke AyudhoM ke vipula saMcaya se yukta kalaha paMcAnana nAmaka hasti kI pITha para kumArapAla kA rAjasiMhAsana pratiSThApita kara hasti saMcAlana kalA meM labdha pratiSTha zAmala nAmaka hastipa (mahAvata) ne kumArapAla ke samakSa usa hastiratna ko prastuta kiyaa| mahArAja kumArapAla tatkAla usa hasti para ArUDha hokara siMhAsana para baiTha gyaa| apane senAnAyakoM evaM sAmantoM kI ora dRSTinipAta karate hI unakI bhAvabhaMgiyoM evaM yuddha ke liye anutsukatA ke bhAvoM se usane samajha liyA ki zatru ne unako dezadrohI banAkara apane pakSa meM kara liyA hai| usane tatkAla sAmala hastipa ko AjJA dI ki vaha svayaM hI sabase Age rahakara zatru ke sAtha yuddha karegA, isalie vaha kalahapaMcAnana hAthI ko sapAdalakSa rAja ke hAthI kI ora bar3hAye / sAmala ne kalahapaMcAnana ko gurjara senA ke zIrSastha sthAna para lAkara jyoMhI zatru rAjA ke hAthI kI ora bar3hane kI preraNA dI ki hAthI pIche kI ora sarakane lagA / hastipa ne aneka bAra aMkuza maare| hAthI ko Age bar3hAne ke liye sabhI prakAra ke sambhava prayatna kiye kintu hAthI ne Age kI ora eka Daga taka bhI nahIM rakkhA / kumArapAla ne kruddha ho sAmala ko sambodhita karate hue kahA :-"kyoM sAmala ! tU bhI ina mAtRbhUmidrohI gurjara senA ke senAniyoM kI bhAMti zatru pakSa meM jA milA hai ?" zAmala ne hAthI ko Age kI ora bar3hAne kA eka bAra aura prabala prayAsa karate hue kumArapAla se kahA :--"pRthvInAtha ! jaba taka yaha pRthvI aura
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa-2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ yaha sUrya aura candra vidyamAna raheMge, taba taka kalahapaMcAnana nAmaka hastI aura isakA saMcAlaka sAmala kabhI rAjadroha ke pApa kA kalaMka kAlimApUrNa kAlA TIkA grapane bhAla para nahIM lagane deMge / para vAstavikatA yaha hai ki zatruoMoM kI hastisenA ke eka hAthI ke hode meM vAhaDakumAra eka vAdya yantra ke tAra se isa prakAra kI dhvani prakaTa kara rahA hai, jise sunakara hAthI raNAMgaNa se bhAga khar3e hote haiM / " yaha kahate hue sAmala ne apane uttarIya ke donoM palloM se kalaha paMcAnana hAthI ke donoM karNa-randhoM ko bhalI-bhAMti banda kara use zatru rAjA ke hAthI se bhir3A diyaa| donoM hAthiyoM ke bhir3a jAne taka vAhaDakumAra ko yahI vizvAsa thA ki cauliMga nAmaka hastI kA hastipa jise maiMne laMcAdAnapUrvaka apane pakSa meM kara liyA hai, vahI rAjA ke hAthI ko lekara mere hAthI ke pAsa AyA hai / isa prakAra vicAra kara vAhaDa ne naMgI talavAra hAtha meM liye gurjareza kumArapAla ke sira ko dhar3a se pRthak kara dene ke uddezya se apane hAthI ke haude se kalaha paMcAnana hAthI ke haude para apanA eka paira rakha diyA / vaha dUsarA paira uThAye isase pahale hI sAmala ne vidyut vega se kalaha paMcAnana hastI ko pIkhe kI ora gatimAna kara diyA aura donoM senAoM ke dekhate hI dekhate vAhaDakumAra raNAMgaNa meM pRthvI para A girA / kumArapAla ke aMgarakSaka padAti sainikoM ne vAhaDakumAra ko tatkAla pakar3akara bandI banA liyA / tadanantara kumArapAla ne sapAdalakSa - rAja ko raNa ke liye lalakArA / kumArapAla ko lakSya kara apane dhanuSa kI pratyaMcA se sAMbhara nareza 'Anaka' bAraNa ko chor3anA hI cAhatA thA ki kumArapAla ne apane zara prahAra se use khaMDa-vikhaMDita kara diyA aura siMha kI bhAMti chalAMga mAra kara zatru rAjA 'naka' ko usake hAthI ke haude se apane hAthI ke haude para lA paTakA / tatkAla sapAdalakSa nareza ko bandI banA "jIta liyA, jIta liyA" isa prakAra kA siMhanAda karate hue kumArapAla ne apane svAmI bhakta sainikoM aura aMgarakSakoM kI Tukar3iyoM ke sAtha zatru senA para bhayaMkara AkramaNa kiyA / apane rAjA ke bandI banA liye jAne ke kAraNa sapAdalakSa kI senA kA manobala TUTa cukA thaa| isa apratyAzita bhISaNa AkramaNa se usameM tatkAla bhagadar3a maca gii| kumArapAla ne tatkAla zatru ke koSAgAra, zastrAgAra, aneka hastiyoM aura bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM ghor3oM ko apane adhikAra meM kara liyA / isase gurjara senA kA utsAha bar3hA / vidrohI senA nAyakoM ne bhI apane vidroha bhAva ko bhulAkara bhAgatI huI zatru senA kA pIchA kara zatru ke astra, zastra aura azvoM ko apane adhikAra meM kara liyA / yuddha meM vijaya prApta kara lene ke pazcAt kumArapAla ne vidrohI sAmantoM aura senA nAyakoM ko kar3A daMDa de unake sthAna para sacce dezabhakta evaM svAmi bhaktoM Sat niyukta kiyA / 405 eka dina mahArAja kumArapAla kI rAjya sabhA meM koMkaraNa nareza mallikArjuna ke 'mAgadha' (bandI) ne apane svAmI kI prazaMsA meM use 'rAja pitAmaha' ke viruda se abhihita kiyA / mahArAja kumArapAla usake isa viruda ko sahana na kara sake aura
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________________ 406 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ve dRSTi uThAkara rAjasabhA meM upasthita apane sAmantoM kI ora dekhane lage / 'ambar3a' nAmaka mantrI ne apanI ora gurjararAja ke dRSTi-nikSepa ke hote hI apane donoM hAtha aMjalibaddha kara Upara kI ora uThA diye / yaha dekhakara kumArapAla ko bar3A Azcarya huA aura sabhA ke visarjita hote hI ambar3a mantrI ko ekAnta meM apane pAsa bulAkara sabhA meM usa prakAra aMjalibaddha hAtha Upara uThAne kA kAraNa puuchaa| aMbaDa mantrI ne uttara meM nivedana kiyA :-"rAja rAjezvara ! koMkaNa ke mAgadha ke mukha se mallikArjuna ke liye prayukta 'rAja-pitAmaha' zabda ko sunate hI Apake netroM meM lAlI-sI daur3a gii| Apane sAmarSa apane sAmanta samUha kI aora dRSTinipAta kiyaa| usa samaya Apake dRSTinikSepa kA maiMne yahI artha samajhA ki Apa yahI jAnanA cAhate the ki ApakI rAja sabhA meM kyA koI aisA subhaTa vidyamAna hai, jo mithyAbhimAnI mallikArjuna kA sira kATakara mere sammukha upasthita kre| maiMne Apake usa mauna Adeza ko svIkAra evaM zirodhArya kara Apake Antarika abhiprAya kI pUtti ke liye apane aMjalibaddha donoM hAtha Upara utthaaye|" kumArapAla apane iMgitajJa mantrI ambar3a ke uttara se bar3A prasanna huA / usane mantrI ambar3a ko apanI eka vizAla caturaMgiNI senA ke sAtha koMkaNa rAjya para AkramaNa karane ke liye vidA kiyA / mantrI ambar3a ne prayANa para prayANa karate hue apanI senA ke sAtha kalviNI nadI ko pAra kara usake dUsare taTa para apanI senA kA par3Ava ddaalaa| gurjara senA ke apanI sImA meM praveza kA samAcAra sunate hI mallikArjuna ne apanI sazakta senA ke sAtha gurjara rAjya kI senA para AkramaNa kara diyaa| donoM senAoM ke bIca bhISaNa saMgrAma hunA kintu zIghra hI gurjara senA meM bhagadar3a maca gaI aura ambar3a mantrI mallikArjuna se parAsta ho gurjara rAjya kI ora lauTa par3A / usane apanI parAjita senA ko sAtha liye aNahillapura paTTaNa se thor3I dUra apanI senA kA eka nadI ke kinAre par3Ava ddaalaa| usane kAle kapar3e evaM kAlA hI chatra dhAraNa kiyA aura kRSNa mukha kiye vahIM rahane lgaa| kumArapAla ne ambar3a kI senA ke sanniveza meM use isa veSa meM dekhakara pUchA ki yahAM senA kA par3Ava kyoM DAlA hai ? apanA kRSNa mukha kiye kRSNa veSa meM mantrI ambar3a ne sAMjali zIza jhukA uttara diyA :--"pRthvInAtha ! koMkaraNa se parAjita ho lauTane ke kAraNa ApakA yaha senApati lajjita ho yahIM par3A hai|" kumArapAla usake uttara se prasanna ho kahane lage :- "zauryazAlI senApati ke liye isa prakAra kI lajjA bhI bahuta bar3A AbhUSaNa hai|" kumArapAla ne aneka raNasauMDIra sAmantoM aura eka bar3I zaktizAlI senA ko ambar3a ke senApatitva meM dekara use puna: koMkaNa-vijaya kA Adeza diyaa| isa bAra senApati ambar3a ne koMkaNa rAjya kI sImA meM vidyut vega se Age bar3hakara koMkaNa kI senA para bar3A bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyaa| apane paTTahasti-ratna para ArUDha mallikArjuna apanI senA kA netRtva kara rahA thA / ambar3a ne use dekhate hI apane azva ko eDa lagAkara mallikArjuna ke hAthI kI ora vAyu vega se bar3hAyA / mallikArjuna ke hAthI ke pAsa pahuMcate hI senApati ambar3a ne apane ghor3e kI pITha se chalAMga lagAkara koMkaNarAja ke hAthI ke dAMtoM para paira rakha hAthI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 407 ke haude para baiThe hue mallikArjuna ko lalakArate hue kahA :- " pahale tuma mujha para prahAra karo aura apane iSTadeva kA smaraNa kara paraloka prayAraNa ke lie taiyAra ho / " mallikArjuna ne jaise hI usa para apanI gadA kA prahAra karane ko gadA uThAI, ambar3a ne apanI tIkSNa talavAra kI dhAra ke prahAra se usake sira ko pRthvI para girA diyaa| mallikArjuna ke mastaka ko bhUluMThita hote dekha koMkaraNa kI senA ke paira ukhar3a gaye / vaha raNAMgaraNa se palAyana karane lgii| gurjara senA ke yoddhAoM ne apane bhISaNa prahAroM se zatru senA ko naSTa-bhraSTa evaM chinna-bhinna kara diyA | koMkaNa kI senA ko parAjita karane ke pazcAt senApati ambar3a ne koMkaNarAja kI rAjadhAnI meM praveza kiyA aura pUre koMkaNa rAjya meM mahArAja kumArapAla kI prAjJA prasArita kara koMkaraNa ke rAjya koSa para adhikAra kara liyA / senApati ambar3a ne mallikArjuna ke mastaka ko svarNa ke pattoM se veSTita kara koMkaraNa kI bahumUlya apAra dhanarAzi ko sAtha le rAhillapura paTTaNa kI ora prasthAna kiyA / katipaya prayANoM ke anantara vaha aNahillapura pahuMcA aura rAjasabhA meM upasthita huA / apane 72 sAmantoM dvArA sevita mahArAja kumArapAla ke siMhAsana ke sammukha upasthita ho ambar3a ne mallikArjuna kA sira unake caraNoM para rakhate hue apanA sira kAyA / koMkaraNa deza se lAI huI apAra dhanarAzi bhI senApati ambar3a ne apane . svAmI ko bheMTa kI, jisameM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa alabhya anamola nimnalikhita vastueM thIM -- (1) zRGgArakoTi nAmaka sAr3I, (2) mANikya nAmaka duzAlA, (3) pApakSayakara nAmaka hAra, (4) saMyogasiddhi nAmaka viSApahAriraNI muktAzukti, ( motI sahita sIpa), (5) battIsa svarNa kalaza, (6) motiyoM se bhare kumbha, (7) eka cAra dAMtoM vAlA hAthI, (8) 120 svarNapAtra, (6) 14 karor3a svarNa mudrAeM aura apAra dravya / ambar3a ne ina saba mahArghya vastuoM aura mallikArjuna ke sira se apane svAmI kumArapAla ke caraNoM kI pUjA kI / cAlukyarAja kumArapAla ambar3a ke zaurya se bar3e prasanna hue aura unhoMne use aneka gAMvoM kI jAgIra pradAna kara sammAnita kiyA / eka samaya jabaki mahArAja kumArapAla ujjayinI ke apane rAjaprAsAda meM rahate hue, kucha samaya taka vahA~ rahane ke anantara apane adhInastha mAlava rAjya kI vyavasthA ko dRr3hatara evaM adhikAdhika lokakalyANakArI banAne hetu mAlava rAjya ke vibhinna kSetroM meM apane sainika skandhAvAra prAyojita kara prajA ke abhAva - abhiyogoM kI sunavAI kara rahe the, usa samaya anahillapura pattana meM AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kI mAtA sAdhvImukhyA mahattarA pAhinI ne apanI Ayu kA avasAna kAla dekha AlocanA
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________________ 408 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 saMlekhanApUrvaka saMthArA kiyaa| usa avasara para prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne eka karor3a namaskAra mantra kA jApa kiyaa| mahattarA pAhinI ne pUrNa samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| pattana ke zrAvaka varga aura prajAjanoM ne mahattarA pAhinI ke pArthiva zarIra kI antyeSTi kriyA kA bar3e ThATa-bATa ke sAtha mahotsava kiyaa| jisa samaya unake zava ko liye vaikuNThI zmazAna bhUmi ke pAsa pahuMcI to vahAM ke katipaya IrSyAlu tApasoM ne zavavAhinI usa vaikuNThI ko tor3ane kA viphala prayAsa kiyaa| antyeSTi ke samaya upasthita vizAla janasamudra ke samakSa una tApasoM kA basa nahIM calA aura nirvighna rUpa se mahattarA pAhinI ke pArthiva zarIra kA antima saMskAra samIcIna rUpa se ho gyaa| isa prakAra ke prasaMga para tApasoM ke IrSyApUrNa vyavahAra se hemacandrasUri ke hRdaya ko Thesa pahuMcI aura unhoMne pattana se mAlavabhUmi kI ora.vihAra kara diyaa| vihAra krama se ve mArga meM Aye hue grAmoM evaM nagaroM meM vItarAga prabhu mahAvIra kA vizvakalyANakArI saMdeza bhavyoM ko sunAte hue, aneka bhavyoM ko satpatha para ArUDha aura aneka zraddhAluoM ko adhyAtmapatha para agrasara karate hue gurjarezvara mahArAja kumArapAla ke skandhAvAra meM phuNce| mantrIzvara udayana se AcAryazrI ke zubhAgamana kI sUcanA prApta hote hI kumArapAla unakI sevA meM upasthita huaaa| usane bar3I kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue prAcAryazrI ko vandana-namana karane ke anantara bahumAna-sammAnapUrvaka skandhAvArastha udayana ke kakSa se unheM vaha apane nijI kakSa meM le gyaa| rAjyArohaNa ke tatkAla pazcAt hI kumArapAla aneka prakAra ke Antarika kucakroM evaM yuddhoM meM ulajhA huaA rahA thA, isI kAraNa kumArapAla anyatra vihAra kara rahe AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kI sevA meM upasthita nahIM ho sakA thA / gurjara rAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hone ke pazcAt kumArapAla ke liye prAcAryazrI ke darzanoM kA yaha prathamAvasara hI thA / usane kRtajJatA aura harSAtireka se avaruddha apane kaNThasvara meM prAcAryazrI ko unakI bhaviSyavANI kA smaraNa dilAte hue nivedana kiyA :"bhagavan ! maiM jIvana bhara ApakA RNI rhuuNgaa| Apa sadA isa dAsa para kRpA kara Iza smaraNa kI velA meM mere pAsa avazya pAyA kreN| AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne kumArapAla se kahA :--"rAjan ! hama tyAga-virAgapUrNa adhyAtma patha ke pathika bhikSAnna se apanA nirvAha kara aura jIrNa vastra se apane tana ko Dhaka bhUmi para sote haiM / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM hameM rAjAoM ke samparka se kyA prayojana ?" kumArapAla ne ati vinamra svara meM abhyarthanApUrvaka prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri se nivedana kiyA :"mahArAja maiM apane paraloka ko sudhArane ke liye Apa jaise mahApuruSoM ke satsaMga kA abhilASI huuN| Apa kisI bhI samaya mere yahAM padhAra sakate haiN|" kumArapAla ne tatkAla apane aMgarakSakoM aura prahariyoM ko Adeza diyA-"prAcAryazrI kRpA kara jaba kabhI kisI bhI samaya mere kakSa meM padhArane kA kaSTa kareM to unheM bar3e sammAna ke sAtha mere kakSa meM binA kisI prakAra kI roka-Toka ke tatkAla lAyA jAya / "
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 406 isa prakAra prAyaH pratidina prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kA sainika skandhAvAra meM kumArapAla ke kakSa meM dharmopadeza hetu evaM dharma-carcA ke nimitta AvAgamana hotA rahA / eka dina kumArapAla bhakti ke pravAha meM zraddhAtirekavazAt AcAryazrI ke tyAga, tapa evaM jJAna, virAga kI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA karane lgaa| yaha prazaMsA rAja purohita ko prAcAryazrI ke prati IrSyA ke vaza sahana nahIM huI aura usane kahA :-."rAjan ! jIvana bhara kevala pAnI aura pattoM se jIvana kA nirvAha karane vAle vizvAmitra aura pArAzara jaise tapopUta maharSi bhI strI ke mukha kamala ko dekhate hI mohapAza meM Abaddha ho gae / to jo sAdhu athavA vyakti ghRta, dUdha, dahI jaise gariSTha padArthoM ke sAtha zAlyanna Adi kA sarasa bhojana karate haiM, una logoM ke brahmacArI rahane kI bAta to samudra meM kisI parvata ke tairane ke samAna hI asambhava bAta hai / " / kumArapAla ne jijJAsApUrNa dRSTi se AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri kI ora dekhaa| AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ne purohita kI vyaMgabharI uparilikhita bAta ke uttara meM kahA-"zaktizAlI kezarI siMha madonmatta hAthiyoM ke kapoloM ko cIra kara unake lahapAna ke sAtha unake mAMsa kA aura vana zUkaroM ke zaktipradAyI rakta-mA~sa kA bhojana karatA hai| kintu vaha varSa bhara meM kevala eka bAra hI kAma vAsanA kA sevana karatA hai| isake viparIta kaMkara, Dhele Adi se apane peTa ko bharane vAlA kabUtara dina meM aneka bAra prati dina apanI kAmAgni ke zamana hetu viSaya paMka meM lipta rahatA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki brahmacarya kevala bhojana para nahIM, kintu Atmabala para hI nirbhara karatA hai|" zrI hemacandrAcArya ke isa yuktisaMgata uttara ko sunakara rAja purohita niruttara ho kiMkartavyavimUr3ha kI bhAMti avAk apanI kukSiyoM kI ora jhAMkatA hI raha gyaa| / usI samaya jina zAsana ke prati IrSyA rakhane vAle eka anya paMDitamAnI ne kumArapAla ko sAMjali zIza jhukAte hue kahA--"kSamA kareM naradeva ! yaha zvetAmbara matAvalambI sUrya ko bhI nahIM mAnate / " hemacandrAcArya ne kumArapAla ko sambodhita karate hue kahA--"rAjan ! hama to sUrya ke asta ho jAne para anna kI bAta to dUra, jala kI eka bUMda taka bhI apane muMha meM nahIM DAlate / isake viparIta mere mitra, jo isa prakAra kI bAta Apake samakSa kaha rahe haiM, ve sUrya ke prasta ho jAne para rAtri meM sarasa azana-pAnAdi kA nitaprati rasAsvAdana karate hI rahate haiN| nyAyapriya narezvara! Apa hI nyAyapUrNa nirNaya dIjiye ki sUrya ke asta ho jAne para usake saMkaTakAla meM azana-pAnAdi kA pUrNataH parihAra karane vAle hama loga hI vastutaH sUrya kA samAdara karane vAle haiM, na ki ye loga, yaha akATya pratyakSa pramANa se svataH siddha hai|"
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________________ 410 ]. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 eka dina prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri cAlukya cUr3AmaNi mahArAja kumArapAla ke kakSa meM Aye / usa samaya unake ziSya yazazcandragaNi ne unake Asana para kambala rakhane se pUrva use apane rajoharaNa se parimArjita kiyaa| jIvadayA sambandhI gahana tattva se anabhijJa kumArapAla ne prAcAryazrI kI ora dekhate hue pUchA-"bhagavan ! yaha kyA hai ? yadi yahAM para kisI prakAra kA koI jIva jantu, kITANu dRSTigata hotA to usa dazA meM to Apa jaise jagat ke prANimAtra ke bandhu mahAtmAoM dvArA paTTa kA parimArjita kiyA jAnA paramAvazyaka thA, kintu isa samaya to kisI prakAra kA koI jIva-jantu dRSTigocara nahIM ho rahA hai, usa dazA meM zraddheya zramaNavara kA parimArjanaprayAsa kyA nirarthaka prayatna kI koTi meM nahIM pAtA?" "jaba koI jIva jantu dRSTigocara ho tabhI isa prakAra kA prayAsa kiyA jAnA cAhiye, anyathA isa prakAra kA prayAsa vRthA hI siddha hogaa|" isa prakAra kI yuktipUrNa rAjA kumArapAla kI bAta ko sunakara hemacandrasUri ne apane ISat hAsya se vAtAvaraNa meM madhu sA gholate hue kahA-"rAjan ! eka catura rAjA usake zaktizAlI zatru ke AkramaNa karane para hI kyA hAthI, ghor3e, ratha Adi kI caturaMgiNI senA kA gaThana karatA hai, athavA usase pUrva hI ? isakA sIdhA sA uttara hai-usase pUrva ho| to jisa prakAra yaha rAjanIti hai ki kisI rAjya ke adhIzvara ko apanI caturaMgiraNI senA ko sugaThita, susajjita aura kisI bhI zatru ke AkramaNa ko nirasta karane yogya sadA susajjita rakhanA cAhiye, ThIka usI prakAra rAjya vyavahAra hI kI bhAMti hamArA dharma vyavahAra bhI hai ki choTe se choTe adRzya jova taka kI rakSA ke lie hama loga parimArjana Adi sabhI prakAra kI kriyAeM karane meM, prANiyoM kI yatanA karane meM sadA tatpara rheN|" / prAcAryazrI kI adbhuta pratyutpannamati ke dyotaka isa yukti saMgata uttara se kumArapAla itanA prasanna huA ki vaha usI samaya sAMjali zIza jhukAte hue prArthanA karane lagA-"prAcArya deva ! rAjyArohaNa se pUrva Apake samakSa kI gaI apanI pratijJA kI pUrti ke lie maiM yaha vizAla gurjara rAjya prApako sAdara samarpita karatA huuN| kRpA kara Apa ise grahaNa kiijiye|' isa prakAra kumArapAla dvArA pUrva meM kI gaI rAja-pradAna kI bAta ko puna: sunakara hemacandrAcArya ne kahA-"rAjan ! maiMne usI samaya kahA thA ki sarvasva tyAgI hamAre jaise adhyAtma patha ke pathikoM ko rAjya kI bAta to dUra, dharmopakaraNa ke atirikta kisI bhI prakAra ke parigraha se koI prayojana nahIM hai, kyoMki kisI bhI prakAra kA parigraha aura vizeSataH rAjya to antatogatvA naraka meM hI Dhakelane vAlA hai| purANoM meM bhI rAjya ko ghora dukhadAyI hI batAyA hai / yathA rAjapratigrahadagdhAnAM, brAhmaNAnAM yudhiSThiraH / dagdhAnAM iva bIjAnAM, punarjanma na vidyate / /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla arthAt jisa prakAra jalA huA bIja punaH aMkurita nahIM hotA ThIka usI prakAra choTe-bar3e kisI bhI prakAra ke rAjya kI bAgaDora sambhAlane vAle brAhmaNa kalpAntakAla taka kabhI na to phUlate haiM aura na phalate hI haiM / isI prakAraM jinezvara prabhu ne bhI rAjya ko, rAjapiMDa ko ananta-ananta kAla taka bhavATavI meM bhaTakAne vAlA batAyA hai|" zrI hemacandrasUri ke adbhuta tyAga aura utkRSTa anAsakti se otaprota vacana ko sunakara mahArAja kumArapAla ke antarmana meM unake prati pUrvApekSayA zataguNita zraddhA utpanna ho gaI / katipaya dinoM taka mAlava pradeza meM rahane ke anantara kumArapAla ne apanI senA ke sAtha aNahillapura paTTaNa kI ora prasthAna kiyA aura usakI prArthanA para AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ne bhI paTTaNa kI ora vihAra kiyaa| katipaya dinoM ke prayANa aura vihAra krama ke anantara kumArapAla apanI senA ke sAtha aura prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri apane ziSya vRnda ke sAtha aNahillapura paTTaNa phuNce| aba to kumArapAla prati dina AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ke darzana evaM pravacanazravaNa kA lAbha lene lgaa| usane prAcArya zrI kI preraNA se kucha kAla ke liye madyamAMsa ke sevana nahIM karane kA vrata liyaa| mahArAja kumArapAla ke antarmana meM hemacandrasUri ke prati zraddhA uttarottara bar3hatI hI gii| aura vaha unheM hI apanA maharSi, pitA, guru, aura iSTadeva mAnane lgaa| eka dina kumArapAla ne AcAryazrI ke samakSa apanI Antarika icchA vyakta karate hue prazna kiyA :-"mahAtman ! kyA kisI upAya se merI kItti bhI yuga yugAntaroM taka sthAyI ho sakatI hai ?" "abhI mahArAjA kumArapAla ke mana meM apane vaMza paramparAgata dharma kAryoM ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA hai|" yaha vicAra kara zrI hemacandrasUri ne kahA-"hAM rAjan ! isake to aneka upAya haiN| vikramAditya ke samaya sampUrNa pRthvI ko RNamukta banAkara jo somanAtha kA mandira banAyA gayA thA, kAlAntara meM samudra kI lola taraMgoM se aharniza uThate hue jalakaNoM se somanAtha kA vaha kASThamaya mandira kSINaprAya ho cukA hai, usakA uddhAra kara use eka cirasthAyI mandira kA rUpa pradAna kara tuma vipula kItti arjita kara sakate ho|" prAcArya hemacandrasUri kI isa bAta ko sunakara usane somezvara ke mandira kA punaruddhAra prArambha krvaayaa| AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ke prati mahArAjA kumArapAla kI uttarottara pragAr3ha se pragAr3hatara hotI jA rahI zraddhA bhakti ko dekhakara katipaya IrSyAlu svabhAva ke
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________________ 412 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vyakti yaha socane lage ki rAjA ko hemacandrasUri se kisa prakAra ruSTa kiyA jAya / eka dina pRSThamAMsabhojI macchara kI bhAMti pITha para hI nindA karane vAle eka cATukAra ne mahArAjA kumArapAla se kahA :-"mahArAja! yaha zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandrasUri kevala Apako prasanna rakhane ke liye hI Apake mana ko bhAne vAlI bAteM kiyA karate haiM / vastutaH inakI somezvara ke prati kiMcitmAtra bhI zraddhA-bhakti nahIM hai / aura na ye bhagavAn zaMkara ko kabhI namaskAra hI karate haiM / Apa unheM somezvara kI yAtrA ke liye kahakara dekha liijiye| Apako tatkAla hamArI bAta para vizvAsa ho jaaygaa|" cATukAroM kI bAtoM meM Akara kumArapAla ne dUsare dina prAcAryazrI se apane sAtha somezvara kI yAtrA kA prastAva rakhate hue unheM nivedana kiyA-"prApa bhI tIrtha yAtrA ke liye pdhaariye|" prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ko vastusthiti pahacAnane meM kSaraNa mAtra bhI vilamba nahIM huA / unhoMne kahA :-"rAjan ! bhUkhe ko bhojana ke liye nimantraNa dete samaya Agraha kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| tapasvI to tIrthoM ke adhikArI hote hI haiM / hama avazya cleNge|" kumArapAla ne kahA :- "maiM Apake liye sukhAsana Adi kI sampUrNa sukhada vyavasthA karavA dUM?" prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ne kahA :-"nahIM rAjan ! isakI koI prAvazyakatA nhiiN| hama to padayAtrA karate hue hI isa puNya kA upArjana kreNge|" somadeva kI yAtrA para nikale rAjA ne somanAtha ke mandira meM praveza karate hI bhagavAn ziva ke liMga ko sASTAMga praNAma kara bAra-bAra unake samakSa mastaka jhukAyA / rAjA kumArapAla ke mana meM cATukAra cugalakhoroM dvArA yaha bAta acchI taraha se jamA dI gaI thI ki ye zvetAmbara sAdhu jinendra bhagavAn ke atirikta aura kisI ko namaskAra nahIM krte| isa bAta kI parIkSA ke liye usane hemacandrasUri se nivedana kiyA :-"mahAtman ! bhagavAn somanAtha kI pUjA ke liye yaha vipula sAmagrI jo mere sAtha AI hai, usase Apa hI pUjA kiijiye|" "aisA hI hogaa|" kahate hue zrI hemacandrAcArya somezvara ke liMga ke pAsa pahuMce / netroM ko visphArita kara dasoM dizAoM meM dRSTi prasAra karate hue unhoMne kahA-"aho ! yahAM to isa mandira meM kailAzapati mahAdeva sAkSAt virAjamAna haiN| ataH jo pUjA sAmagrI yahAM prastuta kI gaI hai, usase dugunI kara dI jAya / " zrI hemacandrAcArya ne apanI atyanta bhAvavibhora aisI mudrA meM apane ye Antarika udgAra abhivyakta kiye ki unakA roma-roma pulakita ho utthaa| tatkAla aura
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 413 sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI aura prAcArya zrI ne ziva purANa meM nirdiSTa vidhi ke anusAra AhvAna na, kavaguNThana, mudrA, mantra Adi kA uccAraNa karate hue paripUrNa vidhi ke sAtha usa sAmagrI se ziva kA arcana kiyA aura anta meM nimnalikhita do zlokoM kA tArasvara se ghanarava gambhIra, mRdu maMjula, sammohaka vANI meM uccAraNa karate hue apAra jana samUha ke samakSa sASTAMga praNAma kiyA : "yatra tatra samaye yathA tathA yo'si so'syabhidhayA yayA tayA / vItadoSakaluSa sa cedbhavA nneka eva bhagavannamo'stu te / / 1 / / bhavabIjAMkurajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA mahezvaro (haro jino) vA namastasmai // 2 // arthAt he bhagavan ! vibhinna darzanoM dvArA vibhinna samaya meM Apako cAhe kinhIM vibhinna nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA ho para yadi Apa samasta doSoM aura karmakaluSa se pUrNataH vinirmukta haiM to Apa ve hI vizvavandya bhagavAn haiN| maiM Apako namaskAra karatA huuN| janma maraNa ke aMkura svarUpa rAgadveSAdi doSa jinake mUlataH naSTa ho cuke haiM, una bhagavAn ko maiM bhaktisahita namana karatA hUM, cAhe una kA nAma brahmA ho, viSNu ho, somezvara ho athavA jinezvara / " __ AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri dvArA ziva kI pUjA ke pazcAt mahArAja kumArapAla ne bRhaspati dvArA batAI huI vidhi ke anusAra somezvara kI pUjA kI aura tatkAla rAjA ne dharmazilA para tulA puruSa, gajadAna Adi aneka prakAra ke mahAdAna diye / tatpazcAt kapUra se zaMkara kI AratI utAra kara kumArapAla ne vahAM upasthita rAjyAdhikAriyoM evaM anya sabhI logoM ko thor3e samaya ke liye bAhara rahane kA nirdeza diyaa| sabhI logoM ke yahAM taka ki pujAriyoM taka ke bAhara cale jAne ke anantara kumArapAla ne prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ke sAtha mandira ke garbhagRha meM praveza kiyaa| vahAM baiThakara atIva vinamra svara meM nivedana karanA prArambha kiyA- "he prAcArya deva ! saMsAra meM mahAdeva ke samAna aura koI deva nahIM hai / na koI mere samAna rAjA hai / aura na Apake samAna koI maharSi / pUrvopArjita puNya ke pratApa se hI yahAM isa prakAra tInoM kA saMyoga milA hai| sabhI darzana apane-apane ArAdhyadeva kA eka dUsare se bhinna apanI-apanI mAnyatA ke anusAra svarUpa batAte haiM / isaliye vastutaH ina saba darzanoM ne milakara paramezvara ke svarUpa ko saMdigdha kara diyA hai| isIlie isa tIrtha sthAna meM maiM apane Antarika udgAra Apake samakSa prakaTa karate hue Apase prArthanA karatA hUM ki Apa usa satya devAdhideva bhagavAn kA aura usa dharma kA svarUpa mujhe batAiye jo vastutaH mukti dene vAlA hai|"
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________________ 414 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ne kucha kSaNa rAjA kI mukha mudrA para dRSTi jamAye vicAra kara kahA-"rAjan ! purANoM aura vibhinna darzanoM kI koI bAta na kahakara maiM somezvara ko hI tumheM pratyakSa meM dikhAtA hUM, jisase ki tuma svayaM unake mukha se hI mukti ke mArga ko suna aura samajha sko|" "kyA somezvara deva ke sAkSAt darzana bhI sambhava haiM ?" isa prakAra ke vismaya sAgara meM nimagna kumArapAla ko hemacandrasUri ne kahA-"rAjan ! hama donoM kA deva yahAM adRSya rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| yadi hama donoM nizcala, niSchala mudrA meM ekAgra mana se usakI ArAdhanA kareM to hameM sahaja hI deva ke darzana ho sakate haiM / maiM dhyAna magna ho usa deva kA AhvAna karatA huuN| Apa kAle aguru kA dhUpa kIjiye / Apa kAle agara kA taba taka dhUpa dete rahanA jaba taka ki somezvara svayaM yahAM prakaTa hokara tumheM dhUpa dene kA niSedha na kreN|" / tadanantara prAcArya ne padmAsana lagA citta ko ekAgra kara dhyAna lagAyA aura kumArapAla ne kAle agara kA agni para dhUpa denA prArambha kiyaa| rAjA dvArA isa prakAra nirantara dhUpa diye jAne para garbha gRha kAle agaru ke dhUmra ke ghaTATopa se Acchanna ho gayA aura samasta dIpazikhAeM bujha gii| garbha gRha meM ghanAndhakAra kA eka dama sAmrAjya vyApta ho gyaa| isa prakAra ke ghanAndhakAra meM rAjA ko prakAza prakaTa hotA huA dikhAI diyaa| rAjA ne tatkAla dhUmra se pUrita apanI AMkhoM ko karatala yugala se masalakara jyoMhI AkheM kholI to somezvara ke liMga para giratI huI jaladhArA para vizuddha jAmbunada jAti ke svarNa kI krAnti vAlA, carma cakSuSoM se duravalokanIya apratima anupama manohArI svarUpa vAlA eka tapasvI use dRSTigocara huA / kumArapAla ne use paira se lekara jaTAjUTa taka sparza kiyA aura jaba use yaha vizvAsa ho gayA ki yahAM devAdhideva prakaTa hue haiM to usane sASTAMga praNAma karate hue nivedana kiyA- "he jagadIzvara ! Apake darzanoM se merI donoM AMkheM pavitra ho gii| aba Apa mujhe Adeza dekara mere karNa yugala ko bhI kRtArtha kara diijiye| tatkAla usa divya tapasvI ke mukha se divya dhvani prakaTa huI-"rAjan ! yaha maharSi saba devatAoM kA avatAra hai| bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna tInoM kAla ke bhAva ko hathelI para rakkhe hue motI kI bhAMti dekhane jAnane vAlA brahmajJAnI hai| yaha jo tumheM batAye vahI asaMdigdha evaM saccA mukti-mArga hai| isa prakAra kahakara zaMkara ke adRzya ho jAne para kumArapAla unamanA ho gyaa| usI samaya prANAyAma dvArA niruddha pavana ko nizvAsa ke rUpa meM chor3ate hue Asanabandha ko zithila karate hae AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ne kumArapAla ko 'rAjan !' isa sambodhana se sambodhita kiyaa| kumArapAla ko apane iSTadeva ke mukha se prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri kA vAstavika svarUpa jJAta ho gayA thaa| ataH usane
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 415 apane rAja rAjezvaratva ke abhimAna ko jalAMjali de hemacandrasUri ke caraNoM meM apanA mastaka rakhate hue ati vinamra svara meM kahA- "aAjJA kIjiye bhagavan !" kumArapAla ne usI samaya jIvana bhara ke liye mAMsa aura madirA kA tyAga kara diyA / tadanantara AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri aura kumArapAla donoM hI garbhagRha se nikala kara somezvara ke mandira se bAhara Aye aura unhoMne pattana kI ora prayANa kara diyaa| kumArapAla ko samyaktva prApti somezvara se praNahillapura paTTaNa Ane ke pazcAt kumArapAla nitya niyamita rUpa se prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ke pravacanoM ko sunane lgaa| svalpa kAla meM hI use jinavAraNI ke zravaNa se jaina dharma para pragAr3ha zraddhA ho gii| sarvaprathama mahArAja kumArapAla ne apane sampUrNa rAjya meM amAri kI ghoSaNA karavA dii| kAlAntara meM usane zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata aMgIkAra kiye / eka samaya adattAdAna viramaNa nAmaka tRtIya vrata ke vivecana ko prAcArya zrI ke mukha se sunate hI kumArapAla ne tatkAla aputraka mRti karAdhikArI (aputrAvasthA meM mRta nAgarika kI sampatti ko mRti kara ke rUpa meM rAjyakoSAyata karane vAle karAdhikArI) ko bulAyA aura isa prakAra ke kara ko nirasta karane kI AjJA pradAna karate hue mahArAja kumArapAla ne isa prakAra ke kara kI AnumAnita vasUlI ke 72 lAkha rajatamudrAoM kI rAzi ke patroM ko tatkAla naSTa kara diyaa| isa kara ke nirasta kiye jAne para kumArapAla kI yazogAthAeM digdiganta meM nimnalikhita zloka ke rUpa meM gujarita ho uThI : aputrANAM dhanaM gRha raNan, putro bhavati pArthivaH / tvaM tu santoSato mucana, satyaM rAjapitAmaha / / arthAt putra vihIna logoM ke marane para unake dhana ko grahaNa karane vAlA rAjA usa mRtaka kA putra ho jAtA hai| kintu he kumArapAla ! tumane santoSa dhAraNa kara isa prakAra ke dhana ko ThukarA diyA hai| ataH tuma sahI arthoM meM rAjapitAmaha ho| putra vihIna nAgarika kI mRtyu ho jAne ke anantara usake dhana ko mRtikara ke rUpa meM rAjya dvArA le liye jAne viSayaka gurjara rAjya ke vidhAna ko mahArAja kumArapAla ne kisa kAraNa nirasta kiyA, isa sambandha meM AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri dvArA racita "yAzraya kAvya" prakAza DAlatA hai, jo isa prakAra hai :---
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "eka samaya mahArAja kumArapAla apane zayanakakSa meM nidrAdhIna the| madhyarAtri meM unake karNarandhroM meM kisI ke karuNa krandana kI hRdaya vidAraka dhvani gUMja uThI / kumArapAla cauMka kara uThA aura usane anubhava kiyA ki dUra se kisI strI ke karuNa krandana kI dhvani A rahI hai / tatkSaNa usake mana meM vicAra pAyA ki prajA ke sukha-duHkha kA vastutaH "rAjA kAlasya kAraNam" isa nIti vAkya ke anusAra dhyAna rakhanA rAjA kA parama kartavya hai, aisA kauna duHkhI prANI hai jo arddha-rAtri ke samaya isa prakAra karuNa krandana kara rahA hai / vaha tatkAla apanI zayyA se uThA / eka sAdhAraNa jana jaise vastra pahane aura cupacApa dabe pAMva usa ora bar3ha gayA jisa aora se ki usa karuNa krandana kI dhvani A rahI thii| arddha-rAtri kI nistabdhatA meM unIMde prahariyoM kI dRSTi bacAtA huA rAjA nagara ke bAhara nikalA aura krandana kI dhvani ko lakSya kara Age bar3hatA gyaa| tIvra gati se paryApta patha pAra karane ke anantara kumArapAla ne nirjana vana meM dekhA ki eka nArI eka vRkSa ke nIce baiThI huI karuNa krandana kara rahI hai| usake hAthoM meM svarNa kaMkaNa haiM kintu zoka aura rudana ke kAraNa usakA mukha malina ho gayA hai| usake samIpa jAkara rAjA ne samvedanA bhare namra svara meM pUchA :-"bahina ! tuma isa nirjana vana meM isa samaya kisa kAraNa karuNa krandana kara rahI ho? kyA kisI ne tumhAre sAtha dhokhA kara tumheM isa bhayAvaha vana meM ekAkinI chor3a diyA hai athavA kyA kisI ne tuma para kisI prakAra kA atyAcAra kiyA hai ? jo bhI bAta ho mujhe spaSTa kho|" usa strI ne kSaNa bhara ke liye usakI aora dRSTipAta kiyA aura apane prati sahAnubhUti prakaTa karane vAle usa bhadra puruSa se kahA :-"bandhu ! maiM thI taba to saba kucha thI, kintu Aja maiM kucha bhI nahIM huuN| maiM abalA apane jIvana se Uba cukI huuN| merI vyathAbharI kahAnI sunakara tuma kyA karoge ?" kumArapAla ne phira kahA :- "bahina ! dhUpa aura chAyA kI bhAMti sukha aura duHkha prANimAtra ke pIche lage hue haiN| ataH sAhasa se kAma lo| hatAza hone se koI bhI samasyA hala nahIM hotI hai aura adhika ulajhatI hai / mujhe spaSTa zabdoM meM batAo ki tuma kauna ho aura tumheM kyA duHkha hai ? yathA zakti maiM tumhAre duHkha ko dUra karane kA prayAsa kruuNgaa|" usa mahilA ne kumArapAla ke dayAmizrita sAntvanAbhare zabdoM ko sunakara kahanA prArambha kiyA :--"bhAI ! merA pati isa gurjaradeza kA pramukha vyApArI thaa| samudrI mArga se aneka dezoM meM vyApAra kara usane vipula dhana saMcaya kiyaa| hamAre eka putra bhI huaa| use par3hA likhAkara apane paitRka vyavasAya meM bhI lagAyA aura eka kulInA rUpasI kanyA ke sAtha usakA .
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2.. ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 417 vivAha bhI kara diyaa| jisa samaya mere putra kI Ayu bIsa varSa kI huI, usa samaya mere pati kA sahasA avasAna ho gyaa| hamAre choTe se parivAra para vipatti ke bAdala chA gaye / merA putra isa anabhra vajrapAta ke AghAta ko nahIM saha sakA aura vaha bhI mujha abalA ko avalambavihIna chor3akara isa saMsAra se cala basA / yaha rAjya kA niyama hai ki putravihIna vyakti kI saba sampatti para rAjya dvArA adhikAra kara liyA jAtA hai| merA pati nahIM rahA tathA merA prANapriya putra bhI calA gayA aura aba merA vipula dhana bhI rAjya dvArA adhikAra meM kara liyA jaaygaa| ataH mujhe isa saMsAra ke prati koI AkarSaNa nahIM rhaa| mere zoka ke azruSoM se bhIgA huA yaha dhana rAjyakoSa meM calA jaaygaa| isI duHkha ke kAraNa maiM ro rahI huuN| mujhe aba apane jIvana se kisI prakAra kA moha nahIM hai| tuma apane rAste jAo aura maiM apane saMkalpa ke anusAra apanA kArya karatI huuN| yaha kahate hue vaha mahilA drutavega se uThI aura usa vRkSa para laTakAye hue phAMsI ke phande ko apane gale meM DAlane kA cintApUrvaka upakrama karane lgii| kumArapAla vidyut vega se usa phande kI ora bar3hA aura usane apanI talavAra ke bAra se use kATa DAlA / vaha abalA avAk khar3I usake mukha kI ora dekhatI hI raha gaI / kumArapAla kA hRdaya dravita ho utthaa| vaha mana hI mana svayaM ko dhikkAratA huA socane lagA-pati-putra vihInA nissahAyA vidhavA kA jIvanAdhAra ekamAtra artha hI to hotA hai / isa prakAra kI anAtha abalAoM ke prANoM ke ekamAtra sambala dhana ko lene vAle 'rAjA' zabda ko kalaMkita karane vAle mere jaise rAjA ko dhikkAra hai / usane sAntvanAbhare zabdoM se usa mahilA ko Azvasta karate hue kahA :-"bahina ! tuma saba prakAra ke zoka ko tyAga kara apane ghara jaao| aba tumhAre jIvana sarvasva dhana para koI hAtha nahIM ddaalegaa|" usa mahilA ne upekSApUrNa mudrA meM kahA :- "bandhu ! aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tuma pATana ke rahane vAle nahIM ho| kisI dUsare deza se Aye hue pathika ho| yahAM ke rAjya kA jo niyama hai, vaha tumheM vidita nahIM hai / merA dhana to aba rAja-bhaNDAra meM hI zobhA degaa| prAMsutroM se bhIge isa dhana ke liye rAjakoSa ke atirikta anya koI sthAna nahIM hai| isa niyama ko TAlane vAlA koI nahIM hai| bandhu, tuma apanI rAha pkdd'o|" kumArapAla ne punaH use Azvasta karate hue kahA :-"bahina ! maiM hI vaha kumArapAla huuN| tuma Azvasta ho apane ghara ko lauTa jaao| aba tumhAre dhana ko koI chUegA bhI nhiiN|" 18 dezoM meM amAri kI ghoSaNA kara karor3oM anaginata mUka pazuoM ko abhayadAna dene vAle dayAlu rAjA kumArapAla ko apane samakSa khar3e
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________________ 418 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 dekhakara usa vidhavA abalA ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra nahIM rhaa| usane pRthvI para apanA mastaka rakhate hue kumArapAla ko praNAma kiyaa| arddha-rAtri ke andhakAra meM eka abalA ke samakSa prakaTa kiye gaye kumArapAla ke ye udgAra sUryodaya hote-hote usa abalA ke mAdhyama se araNahillapura paTTaNa ke AbAla vRddha prajAjanoM ke kaNThahAra bana gaye / gujarAta una dinoM deza-videza se vyApAra kA kendra hone ke kAraNa atIva samRddhizAlI pradeza thaa| isameM kuberopama apAra sampatti ke svAmI samRddhizAlI zreSThiyoM kI saMkhyA gaNanAtIta thI / isa prakAra ke samRddhizAlI rAjya meM mRtikara se rAjya ko vipula dhanarAzi kA lAbha hotA thaa| kintu isa ghaTanA ne kumArapAla ke antarmana ko Andolita kara diyA / sambhava hai usake sambandhita mantriyoM ne rAjya ko isa srota se hone vAlI Aya kA smaraNa bhI dilAyA hogA kintu kumArapAla ne yaha dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyA thA ki cAhe lAkhoM hI nahIM karor3oM kI hAni bhI rAjya ko kyoM na ho jAya, vaha isa prakAra ke prajApIDaka kara ko nirasta karake hI rhegaa| jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai kumArapAla ne adattAdAna viramaNa vrata ko apane guru prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri se grahaNa karate samaya isa kara ko pUrNa rUpa se sadA ke liye nirasta kara diyaa| jinazAsana ke abhyutthAna, utkarSa, pracAra aura prasAra kI tIvra abhilASA liye kumArapAla ne hemacandrasUri se prArthanA kI ki ve utkRSTa koTi ke sAhitya kA nirmANa kara jinazAsana ke sAhitya bhaNDAra kI zobhA bddh'aaveN| kumArapAla kI prArthanA ko svIkAra kara hemacandrasUri ne utkRSTa koTi ke jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa karanA prArambha kiyaa| rAjA ne vizAla bhArata ke vibhinna rAjyoM se prAcIna granthoM ko maMgavA kara unheM prAcAryazrI ko samarpita kiyA tAki unako sAhitya ke nirmANa meM sahAyatA mile| prAcIna sAhitya ke saMkalana hetu kumArapAla ne kAzmIra rAjya taka se prAcIna granthoM kA vizAla sAhitya bhaNDAra apane hAthiyoM para ladavA kara mNgvaayaa| sAhitya nirmANa ke liye paramAvazyaka prAmANika evaM prAcIna sAmagrI ke upalabdha ho jAne para hemacandrasUri ne 'triSaSThi zalAkA puruSa caritra' nAmaka ati vizAla mahAkAvya kI racanA kI jisameM RSabhAdi mahAvIrAnta caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM, unake gaNadharoM, bAraha cakravattiyoM, nau vAsudevoM, nau baladevoM aura nau prativAsudevoM ke jIvana caritra vistArapUrvaka ati sugama evaM rocaka zailI meM diye gaye hai / AcArya hemacandrasUri ne mAnava mAtra ke liye paramopayogI loka zAstra kI racanA kii| hemacandrasUri dvArA racita sAhitya ativizAla thaa| unake dvArA racita jo grantha vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM, unake nAma AcAryazrI ke jIvana vRtta meM ullikhita kiye jA cuke haiN|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 416 paramArhat mahArAjA kumArapAla ne apane adhInastha aTThAraha dezoM meM caudaha varSa ke liye pramAri kI ghoSaNA kara jainadharma ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta ahiMsA ke prati jana-jana ke mana meM anurAga utpanna kiyA / isa prakAra kA prANI mAtra ke prati karuNA evaM maitrIbhAva kA udAharaNa aneka zatAbdiyoM ke bhArata ke itihAsa meM anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| una 18 dezoM meM kula milAkara caudaha sau cAlIsa ati bhavya vihAroM kA nirmANa bhI kumArapAla ne karavAyA / una 18 dezoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM -: karNATe, gurjare, lATe, saurASTra, kaccha, saindhave / uccAyAM caiva bhambheryAM, mArave, mAlave, tathA // 1 // kauMkaNe ca, mahArASTra, kIre, jAlandhare punaH / sapAdalakSe, mevAr3e, dIpAbhIrAkhyayorapi // 2 // cAlukya cUr3AmaNi mahArAjA kumArapAla dvArA apane adhInastha 18 dezoM meM kI gaI pramAri kI ghoSaNA aisI sundara Thosa evaM anullaMghanIyA thI aura usa pramAri kI paripAlanA ke liye usane apane zAsita vizAla bhU-bhAga para isa prakAra kI sudRr3ha evaM pUrNa saMvedanazIla vyavasthA kI thI ki choTe se choTe jIva-jantu taka ko usa mAri kI ghoSaNA ke pazcAt jAna-bUjha kara mArane para aparAdhI ko turanta daNDita kara diyA jAtA thaa| choTe se choTA aparAdhI bhI daNDa se baca nahIM sakatA thA / isakA eka bar3A hI rocaka evaM aitihAsika tathya ke rUpa meM paripuSTa pramANa vikrama saM0 1361 kI, eka labdhapratiSTha prAcArya merutu gasUri kI kRti, prabandha cintAmariNa meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai / apane adhInastha 18 dezoM meM kumArapAla dvArA uparyullikhita pramAri kI ghoSaNA kiye jAne ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt kI ghaTanA hai ki sapAdalakSa deza ke eka dhanI-mAnI zreSThi ne kezasammArjana ke samaya apanI patnI dvArA usake hAtha meM rakhI gaI yUkA (jU~) ko yaha kahate hue masala kara mAra DAlA ki isane merI priyA ko bar3I pIr3A pahuMcAI hai / usa yUkA ke mArane kI bAta sthAnIya paMcakula (paMcAyata) ke pradhAna evaM sadasyoM ko bAlakoM athavA auaura kisI ke mAdhyama se turanta jJAta ho gii| paMcoM ne tatkAla usa zreSThi se pUchA ki kyA usane yUkA ko jAna-bUjha kara mArA hai ? zreSThi dvArA apanA doSa svIkAra kiye jAne para paMcakula usa zreSThi ko apane sAtha le ana hilapura pattana pahuMcA aura usane use mahArAja kumArapAla ke samakSa upasthita kiyA / kumArapAla ne zreSThi se prazna kiyA :- "kyA yaha saca hai ki amAri kI ghoSaNA ke uparAnta bhI jAna-bUjha kara tumane eka choTe se nirIha, mUka prAraNI kI hiMsA kI hai ?" zreSThi ne apanA doSa svIkAra karate hue kahA- "hAM, mahArAja ! maiMne . vinodapUrNa mudrA meM apanI prANezvarI ko prasanna karane ke liye usa choTe se prAraNI kI
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________________ 420. ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 masala kara mAra DAlA thaa| isa bAta kA mujhe pazcAttApa ho rahA hai aura maiM apane isa doSa kA prAyazcitta karane ke liye vyagra huuN| maiMne jaina kula meM janma liyA hai, jaina saMskAroM meM merA pAlana-poSaNa evaM saMvarddhana huA hai| yadi amAri kI ghoSaNA nahIM hotI to bhI mujhe eka jaina hone ke nAte kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhiye thii| amAri kI ghoSaNA ke anantara to maiMne hAsyAspada bhAvAveza meM isa prakAra kI sAdhAraNa jIvahiMsA kara vastutaH rAjAjJA ke ullaMghana kA aparAdha kiyA hai / maiM daNDa kA bhAgI huuN|" ___ mahArAja kumArapAla ne kahA-"pApa kA prAyazcitta puNyArjana se hotA hai| tumhAre dvArA upAjita dravya se eka vihAra kA nirmANa karavA diyA jAya, yahI tumheM rAjAjJA ke ullaMghana kA daNDa hai / usa vihAra meM cirakAla taka dharmArAdhana hotA rahegA aura usase tumheM puNya kA lAbha hogaa|" . sapAdalakSa deza ke usa zreSThI ne rAjAdeza ko saharSa svIkAra karate hue vihAra-nirmANa hetu vipula dhanarAzi daNDa ke rUpa meM rAjya ke nirmANa prAdhikaraNa ko samarpita kI aura usa dhanarAzi se pattana meM eka vizAla evaM bhavya vihAra kA nirmANa karavAyA gyaa| usa vihAra kA nAma "yUkA-vihAra" rakhA gyaa| isase kumArapAla kI ahiMsA ke prati pragAr3ha prItipUrNa AsthA ke sAtha-sAtha usakI sundara Thosa evaM prabhAvapUrNa zAsana vyavasthA praNAlI kA bhI paricaya prApta hotA hai| kumArapAla ne svayaM dvArA ajJAtAvasthA meM huI jIva hiMsA ke liye bhI isI prakAra kA prAyazcitta karate hue apanI rAjasabhA meM kahA-"vana meM bhaTakate samaya maiMne eka mUSaka dvArA apane bila ke bAhara rakhI gaI usakI 20 rajata mudrAoM ko uThA liyA thaa| apane dhana ke apaharaNa se usa mUSaka ke hRdaya para aisA gaharA AghAta huA ki vaha tatkAla chaTapaTA kara mara gyaa| mere kAraNa usa mUSaka kI mRtyu huI ataH apane usa pApa ke prAyazcittasvarUpa mere apane dravya se eka vizAla vihAra kA nirmANa karavAyA jAya aura usa vihAra kA nAma "mUSaka-vihAra" rakhA jAya / "apane isa saMkalpa ke anusAra mahArAja kumArapAla ne anahilapura pattana meM apane nijI koSa se eka bhavya 'mUSaka-vihAra' kA nirmANa krvaayaa| kumArapAla kI kRtajJatA ke aneka udAharaNa Upara batAye jA cuke haiM / sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa upakAra karane vAle ke prati bhI usane kRtajJatA prakaTa kI isakA jvalanta pramANa hai kumArapAla dvArA banavAyA gayA "krmb-vihaar"| apane prANoM kI rakSA ke liye kumArapAla jisa samaya vana-vana meM bhaTaka rahA thA, usa samaya tIna dina taka use kahIM bhojana nahIM milA thaa| usa samaya zvasura gRha se apane pitRgRha ko pAlakI meM baiThakara jA rahI eka Ibhya kula kI mahilA ne tIna dina ke bhUkhe kumArapAla ko ati svAdiSTa karamba Adi pakvAnna kA bhojana karavAyA thaa|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 421 vizAla gurjararAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna hone ke uparAnta bhI kumArapAla usa mahilA dvArA khilAye gaye karamba ko nahIM bhUlA aura usa ghaTanA kI smRti meM usane anahilapura pattana meM karamba vihAra kA nirmANa krvaayaa| eka samaya caroM ne kumArapAla ke samakSa upasthita hokara nivedana kiyA ki saurASTra ke 'sUvara' nAmaka sAmantarAja ne vidroha prArambha kara diyA hai| mahArAja kumArapAla ne apane mantrIzvara udayana ko eka senA dekara 'saMvara' ko daNDa dene ke liye bhejA / udayana apanI senA ke sAtha saurASTra kI ora tvarita vega se bar3hA / varddhamAnapura meM Akara usane bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko vandana karane kI icchA se vimalagiri kI ora prayANa kiyaa| vahAM jina mandira meM vandana karate samaya usane dekhA ki eka cUhA dIpaka kI jalatI huI bAtI ko mukha meM liye usa kASTha nirmita jinAlaya ke eka bila meM praveza karane jA rahA hai aura eka pujArI ne daur3akara cUhe ke mukha se jalatI huI usa battI ko bAhara girA diyA hai| yaha dekhakara mantrivara udayana ke mana meM bar3I cintA utpanna huI ki yaha kASTha nirmita jinAlaya isa prakAra ke agni prakopa se kisI bhI samaya bhasmIbhUta ho sakatA hai| usane usI kSaNa nizcaya kiyA ki vaha zatrujaya ke usa deva mandira kA aura zakunikA vihAra kA punaruddhAra krvaaegaa| isa prakAra ke saMkalpa ke sAtha apane sainika zivira meM lauTakara apane zatra se saMgrAma karane hetu Age kI ora prayANa kiyaa| saMvara ne apanI zaktizAlI senA ke sAtha akasmAt hI AkramaNa kara pATana kI senA ko parAsta kara diyaa| apanI senA kI durdazA dekha udayana sUMvara kI ora bar3hA aura vahAM una donoM ke bIca jamakara yuddha huaa| apane senApati ko zatru se jUjhate hue dekhakara pattana kI senA meM navIna utsAha kI lahara jAgRta ho uThI aura usane zatru senA para ati bhISaNa vega se pratyAkramaNa kiyaa| sUMvara kI senA naSTa-bhraSTa evaM chinna-bhinna ho gaI aura sUvara raNAMgaraNa se bhAga khar3A huaa| udayana ko vijayazrI to prApta huI kintu zastroM ke prahAroM se usakA sampUrNa zarIra gambhIra rUpa se Ahata ho gayA thaa| prAthamika cikitsA ke pazcAt gambhIra rUpeNa Ahata mantrIzvara udayana ko usake ghara pahuMcAyA gayA / udayana ne apane prAtmIyajanoM ke samakSa karuNa krandana karate hue vilApa karanA prArambha kiyaa| isase sabako bar3A Azcarya huA ki aneka yuddhoM meM vijaya prApta karane vAlA zUra ziromaNi mantrirAja Aja vilApa kisa kAraNa se kara rahA hai| svajanoM dvArA pUche jAne para udayana ne kahA :-"raNAMgaNa meM jUjhane se pahale Adideva ke darzana karate samaya maiMne yaha dRr3ha pratijJA kara lI thI ki maiM zatruJjaya ke kASTha nirmita jinAlaya aura zakunikA vihAra kA jIrNoddhAra kruugaa| kintu aba mujhe spaSTa rUpa se dikhAI de rahA hai ki merI ye antima abhilASAeM apUrNa avasthA meM mere sAtha hI paraloka kI ora prayANa karane vAlI haiN| isI kAraNa maiM vilApa kara rahA huuN| udayana ke AtmIyajanoM ne use Azvasta karate hue kahA :-"hama Apake isa kAryabhAra ko apane kandhoM para lete haiM / vAgbhaTTa aura pAmrabhaTTa-Apake ye
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________________ 422 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 donoM putra prApake saMkalpa ko nizcita rUpa se pUrNa kreNge| hama sAkSI haiM / Apa kisI prakAra kI cintA na kareM / " apane zrAtmIyoM ke mukha se isa prakAra kA nizcita AzvAsana pAkara udayana ke aMga-pratyaMga pulakita ho uThe / usane nizcinta ho antima ArAdhanA karAne lie kisI zramaNa ko bulAne kA apane grAtmIyajanoM se Agraha kiyA / kisI zramaraNa kI khoja meM udayana ke aneka parijana nagara aura AsapAsa kI pauSadhazAlAoM evaM upAyoM kI ora daur3e kintu unheM kahIM koI zramaraNa dRSTigocara nahIM huA / udayana kI antima icchA kA sammAna karate hue eka baMTha (rathyA puruSa) ko sAdhu kA veSa pahanA kara udayana ke samakSa upasthita kiyA gayA / udayana ne tatkAla usa muni veSadhara ke caraNoM meM mastaka rakhate hue usake samakSa zAnta citta ho bar3I hI tanmayatA. ke sAtha AlocanA- pratyAlocanApUrvaka dasa prakAra kI ArAdhanA kI / ArAdhanA karate hI udayana ne samAdhipUrvaka paraloka kI ora prayANa kiyA / jisa prakAra candana ke vRkSa ke pArzva meM uge hue kaMTakAkIrNa vRkSa meM bhI candana kI saurabha - suhAsa Ane lagatI hai ThIka usI prakAra usa mahA ArAdhaka udayana ke kucha hI kSaNoM ke saMsarga se usa sAdhAraNa rathyA puruSa (baMTha) ke antarmana meM isa prakAra kA utkaTa vairAgya utpanna huA ki usane kaThora saMyama kA pAlana kara anta samaya meM saMthArA saMlekhanA karake samAdhipUrvaka paNDita maraNa prApta kiyA / mantrivara udayana ke dehAvasAnAnaMtara usake putra vAgbhaTTa aura AmrabhaTTa ne zatruJjaya ke kASTha prAsAda aura bhRgupura ke zakunikA vihAra kA pUrNata: abhinava rUpa se jIrNoddhAra karavA kara apane pitA kI antima icchA ko pUrNa kiyA / mahArAja kumArapAla ne bodhiratna pradAna karane vAle AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke prati apanI kRtajJatA ko cirasthAyI banAne hetu stambhatIrtha ke sAligavasahi prAsAda kA, jisameM ki hemacandrasUri ne zramaraNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, vipula dhanarAzi vyaya kara jIrNoddhAra karavAyA aura vahAM ratnamaya jina bimba kI pratiSThApanA kI / aThAraha dezoM meM pramAri ghoSaNA evaM 1440 vihAroM kA nirmANa karavAkara digdigantavyApinI vipula kIrti arjita kara lene ke uparAnta bhI mahArAjA kumArapAla ke antarmana aura mastiSka meM yahI utkaTa abhilASA udvelita hotI rahI ki vaha bhI pRthvImaNDala ko pranRraNa kara samvatsara pravarttaka vIra vikramAditya kI bhAMti akSaya kIrtti upArjita kare / usake mana meM yaha bAta ghara kara gaI thI ki svarNa siddhi kI prApti hone para hI vaha vikramAditya kI taraha pRthvI ko anRNa karane kA lokottara kArya kara sakatA hai| usane apane paramArAdhya samartha guru AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri se isa prakAra kI siddhi prApta karane kI aneka bAra prArthanAeM kIM /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 423 kumArapAla dvArA anavarata rUpa se anurodha ke pariNAmasvarUpa hemacandrasUri ne apane guru devacandrasUri kI sevA meM mahArAjA kumArapAla evaM pattana saMgha ke mAdhyama se vinaya patrikA bhijavAkara prArthanA kI ki saMgha ke eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa kArya ke niSpAdana ke liye ve eka bAra aNahillapura paTTaNa padhArane kI kRpA kreN| zrI devacandrasUri una dinoM kaThora tapazcaraNa kara rahe the tathApi patrikA prApta hone para kumArapAla aura saMgha kI ora ke prAgraha ko dekhate hue unhoMne yahI samajhA ki saMgha kA koI bahuta bar3A mahattvapUrNa kArya hogaa| ataH unhoMne pattana kI ora vihAra kiyA aura vihAra krama se kucha hI dinoM meM pattana pahuMce aura sIdhe apanI pauSadhazAlA meM praviSTa hue / devacandrasUri ke Agamana kA saMvAda sunate hI kumArapAla devacandrasUri kI sevA meM pahuMcA / saMghamukhya sahita zrAvikA-zrAvaka vRnda bhI pauSadhazAlA kI ora udvelita sAgara kI bhAMti umar3a pdd'aa| rAjA Adi samasta zrAvaka varga ne sAmUhika guru vandana ke anantara unake upadezAmRta kA pAna kiyaa| vyAkhyAna kI samApti para AcAryazrI devacandrasUri ne mahArAja kumArapAla aura apane ziSya hemacandrasUri se pUchA ki saMgha kA kyA kArya hai| upasthita sAdhaka evaM zrAddhavRnda ko visarjita kara ekAnta sthAna meM zrI hemacandrasUri aura cAlukyarAja kumArapAla devacandrasUri ke caraNoM para apane bhAla rakhakara unase nivedana karane lage :-"bhagavan ! jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke lie Apa svarNa siddhi kA rahasya batAne kI kRpA kiijiye|" hemacandrasUri ne apane guru ko apane bAlyakAla kI bAta kA smaraNa karAte hue nivedana kiyA :-"bhagavan ! jaba maiM apane bAlyakAla meM viraktAvasthA meM ApakI * sevA meM thA, usa samaya Apake Adeza se eka kaThiyArI se eka veli mAMga kara usake rasa meM tAmbe ke Tukar3e ko maiMne bAra-bAra bhigokara bAra-bAra agni meM tpaayaa| tapAne se thor3I hI dera meM vaha tAmrakhaNDa vizuddha svarNa khaNDa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA thaa| kRpA kara usa ballarI ke nAma ke sAtha-sAtha usakI pahicAna bhI batAne kI kRpA kreN|" apane ziSya hemacandrasUri kI svarNasiddhi viSayaka kI gaI prArthanA ko sunate hI zAnta-dAnta AcArya devacandrasUri bar3e prakupita hue aura hemacandrasUri ko apane se dUra eka ora Dhakelate hue bole :-"tU isa siddhi ke nitAnta ayogya hai / pahale maiMne tujhe laDDU ke choTe se kaNa ke tulya vidyA pradAna kI thI, usI se tujhe ajIrNa ho gyaa| aba tujha jaise mandAgni vAle ayogya vyakti ko pUrNa modaka tulyA vidyA kaise dI jA sakatI hai ? tujhe yaha vidyA kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM mila sktii|" tadanantara mahArAjA kumArapAla kI ora unmukha hote hue devacandrasUri ne kahA :--"rAjan ApakA aisA prabala bhAgya nahIM hai ki svarNa siddhi jaisI vidyA Apako siddha ho jAya / Apane aThAraha dezoM meM amAri kI ghoSaNA dvArA aura pRthvI ko jinamandiroM se maNDita karavAkara vipula puNya arjita karate hue ihaloka evaM paraloka-ubhaya lokoM . ko sudhAra liyA hai / aba isase aura adhika Apako kyA cAhie ?"
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________________ 424 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 - apane ziSya AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri aura cAlukya rAja kumArapAla ko isa prakAra uttara de AcAryazrI devacandrasUri ne araNahillapura paTTaNa se vihAra kara diyA, aura vihAra krama se jahAM se Aye the vahIM lauTa gye| __ mahArAja kumArapAla ke jIvana ke sambandha meM upari vaNita vivaraNoM se nimnalikhita tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM : (1) AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke upadezoM se mahArAja kumArapAla ko bodhi prApta huI aura unhoMne zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata dhAraNa kiye / ' . (2) parama jinabhakta mahArAja samprati ke pazcAdvartI kAla meM hue jinabhakta rAjAoM se ahiMsA kI upAsanA meM atyadhika Age bar3hakara mahArAja kumArapAla ne apane adhInastha 18 dezoM meM amAri kI ghoSaNA ke sAtha-sAtha jina-zAsana kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA / (3) apane adhInastha 18 dezoM ke suvizAla bhUkhaNDa meM usake dvArA ghoSita amAri kA akSarazaH pAlana hotA hai ki nahIM isa bAta kI dekharekha ke liye usake dvArA kI gaI vyavasthA aisI sarvAMgapUrNa aura sudRr3ha thI ki sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa nirIha prANI kI hiMsA taka kI sUcanA svayaM mahArAja kumArapAla taka pahuMca jAtI thii| (4) jina zAsana ke abhyudaya, utkarSa, pracAra-prasAra evaM samasta bhUmaNDala para vistAra kI kumArapAla ke mana meM isa prakAra kI atyutkaTa utkaNThApUrNa abhilASA thI ki yadi usake pAsa svarNa ke sumeru hote to jagajjIvoM ko sukhI karane, jinadharma-rasika banAne evaM jainadharma ke pramukha siddhAnta ahiMsA, satya, asteya, vizvabandhutva Adi ko jana-jana ke jIvana meM DhAlane hetu una svarNa-sumeruoM ko bhI vaha saharSa nyauchAvara kara detA / svarNa siddhi kI AkAMkSA kA jo kathAnaka AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri aura kumArapAla ke sambandha meM jaina sAhitya meM zatAbdiyoM se calA A 1. iya aNahillapurammi ya jayasiMha nariMda paTTalaMkAro / siri kumarapAla rAmro jAo bhUpAla mauDamaNI // 106 / / siri hemasUri guruNA paDibohiya vayaNa surasa dANeNaM / jiNabhatti juttiratto, jAmo susAvo paramo / / 107 // 2. aTThAradesamajhe, amari ugdhosaNaM pavaTTei / / so jIvadayAtappara, paripAlai desaviraiM ca // 108 / / -zrI vIravaMza paTTAvalI apara nAma vidhipakSagaccha paTTAvalI bhAvasAgara sUri vircitaa|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjAM kumArapAla [ 425 rahA hai, yaha vastutaH kumArapAla kI jaina dharma ko jana-jana kA dharma athavA vizvadharma banAne kI utkaTa abhilASA kA hI rUpakatulya pratIka pratIta hotA hai| . (5) kumArapAla kI sabase bar3I pAMcavIM vizeSatA yaha thI ki vaha sampUrNa jina-zAsana ko ekatA ke sUtra meM prAbaddha dekhanA cAhatA thA / apane samaya meM vibhinna gacchoM ke anuyAyiyoM evaM gaNadharoM meM pArasparika matabheda, vaimanasya, choTI-choTI bAta ko lekara kalaha, zramaNa samAcAriyoM meM ekarUpatA kA nitAnta abhAva, pAkSika pratikramaNa kI tithi ke prazna ko lekara paraspara saMgharSa evaM vidveSapUrNa atIva kaTu vAtAvaraNa se mahArAja kumArapAla ke antarmana ko duHkha hotA thaa| unhoMne isa prakAra ke kalahoM ko miTAne ke aneka bAra prayAsa bhI kiye / prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri dvArA somezvara vandana Adi unake jIvanavRtta kI aneka ghaTanAoM para vicAra karane se spaSTataH yahI pratIta hotA hai ki ve pArasparika samanvaya ke pakSadhara evaM poSaka the| hemacandrasUri ke isa samanvayakArI vyavahAra kA, vicAroM kA kumArapAla para pUrA prabhAva thA ataH usane Agamika mAnyatAoM ke sthAna para paramparA ko, paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ko pramukha sthAna diyaa| ye tathya kumArapAla ke jIvanavRtta kI nimnalikhita eka do ghaTanAoM se pUrNataH prakAza meM Ate haiN| eka bAra aNahillapura paTTaNa meM vidyamAna aneka gacchoM ke prAcAryoM aura unake upAsakoM meM pAkSika pratikramaNa ke prazna ko lekara bar3A vivAda utpanna huA aura vaha ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara gayA / katipaya gacchoM ke prAcAryoM kA kathana thA ki pAkSika pratikramaNa pUrNimA ko hI honA cAhie kyoMki AgamoM meM pUrNimA ke dina pratikramaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| Agama sarvopari haiM, isa kAraNa sabhI gacchoM ke prAcAryoM evaM anuyAyiyoM ko Agama kA samAdara karate hue pUrNimA ko hI pratikramaNa karanA caahie| isake viparIta aneka gacchoM ne apanA yaha mantavya rakkhA ki pAkSika pratikramaNa pUrNimA ko nahIM, caturdazI ko hI rakhanA cAhiye kyoMki AryakAlaka sUri ne vikrama samvatsara ke prAdurbhAva se pUrva hI caturdazI ke dina pratikramaNa karane kI paramparA pracalita kara dI thI aura vahI paramparA zatAbdiyoM se jaina saMgha meM sarvasammata rUpa se calI A rahI hai| isa prakAra ke vivAda ne jaba ugra rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura donoM pakSoM meM se eka bhI pakSa apanI bAta se kiMcinmAtra bhI idhara-udhara hone ko udyata nahIM huA to vivAda pattaneza kumArapAla ke pAsa phuNcaa| donoM pakSoM kI pUrI bAta sunane ke pazcAt dharma saMgha meM pracalita paramparA ko hI mahattva dete hue "caturdazI ke dina hI saba gacchoM ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA pratikramaNa kiyA jAya," isa prakAra kA nirNaya kumArapAla ne diyaa| isa nirNaya ke uparAnta bhI pUrNimA ke pakSadharoM ne isa nirNaya
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________________ 426 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA to kumArapAla ne spaSTa zabdoM meM rAjAjJA prasArita karavA : dI ki jo caturdazI ke sthAna para pUrNimA ke dina pratikramaNa karanA cAhate haiM, ve aNahillapura paTTaNa chor3akara cale jAyaM / usa samaya pUrNimA pakSa ke prAcArya sambhavataH zrI devabhadrasUri ne apane pakSa para aDiga rahate hue apane Antarika udgAra apane anuyAyiyoM ke samakSa isa rUpa meM rakkhe : rUsau kumara nariMdo, ahavA rUsaMtu liMgiNo savve / / punnima suddha payaTThA, na hu cattA sammatta sUrIhiM / / 33 / / ' upAdhyAya dharma sAgara ne pravacana parIkSA meM uparyukta gAthA ko isa rUpa meM rakhA hai : rUsau kumara nariMdo, ahavA rUsau hema sUriMdo / rUsau ya vIra jiriMgado, tahA vi me puSNimApakkho / / arthAt cAhe mahArAjA kumArapAla ruSTa ho jAyaM, cAhe hemacandra sUrIzvara ruSTa ho jAeM, kevala yahIM taka nahIM, apitu svayaM bhagavAn vIra jinezvara bhI ruSTa ho jAyaM to bhI maiM pUrNimA ko hI pAkSika pratikramaNa karUgA / ___ "rUsau ya vIra jiriMgado" aisA to koI bhI jaina kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM kaha sktaa| apane virodhI pUNimA gaccha ko logoM kI dRSTi meM nIce girAne ke lakSya se hI dharmasAgara gariNa ne sambhavataH aisA likha diyA hai| .... mahArAjA kumArapAla ke pAsa jaba pUrNimA pakSa ke prAcArya ke isa prakAra ke haThAMgraha kI bAta pahuMcI to vaha bar3e prakupita hue aura pUrNimA pakSa ke isa prAcArya ko kar3A daNDa dene ke lie udyata hue / AcArya hemacandrasUri ne nimnalikhita ullekha ke anusAra ki "tataH zrI (hema) sUriNA pravacanoDDAhaM cetasyavadhRtya roSAdupazAmitena rAjJA (kumArapAlena) nija rAjyAd aSTAdaza dezebhyo niSkAzitaH pUrNamIyakaH / pravacana parIkSA, vizrAma 6 / " prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne mana meM yaha vicAra kara ki yadi rAjA ne paurNamIyaka gaccha ke prAcArya aura unake zramaNa samUha ko kisI prakAra kA kaThora daNDa diyA to pravacana kA uDDAha hogA, jaina dharma saMgha kI pratiSThA loka dRSTi meM ghaTegI, kumArapAla ko zAMta kiyaa| AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke samajhAne para 1. prAgamika gaccha paTTAvalI (pUrNimA gaccha paThThAvalI kA apara nAma)
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 427 mahArAjA kumArapAla ne aura koI kaThora daNDa na dekara paurNamIyaka gaccha ke prAcArya evaM unake zramaNa zramaNI samUha ko apane 18 dezoM meM vistRta rAjya kI sImA se bAhara niSkAsita kara diyaa| katipaya gacchoM ke prAcArya evaM sAdhu, jo pUrNimA ke dina pratikramaNa karane ke apane nizcaya para aTala rahe, ve saba binA kisI ko kucha kahe sune svataH hI pATana se bAhara cale gye| Agamika mAnyatA ke sthAna para paramparA ko hI kumArapAla dvArA prazraya diye jAne kA eka aura udAharaNa AcAryazrI merutugasUri dvArA racita 'merutugIyA aMcalagaccha paTTAvalI' (saMskRta) meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai, jisakA sArAMza nimna prakAra hai : "eka bAra aNahillapura paTTaNa meM vibhinna gacchoM meM isa prakAra kA vivAda utpanna huA ki saMvatsarI parva cautha ko manAyA jAya yA paMcamI ko / yaha vivAda pArasparika vidveSa ke kAraNa ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara gyaa| yaha parva cautha ke dina hI manAyA jAya, na ki paMcamI ko / isa pakSa ke samarthaka katipaya gacchoM ke zrAvakoM ne rAjA kumArapAla ke samakSa upasthita hokara apane pratipakSI gacchoM ke prati IrSyAvazAt isa prakAra kA abhiyoga prastuta kiyA :-"rAjan Apa svayaM aura hama saba sadA se hI cautha ke dina hI sAMvatsarika mahAparva manAte Aye haiN| isake viparIta katipaya gacchoM ke haThAgrahI aise zramaNa aura sAdhu bhI pattana meM vidyamAna haiM, jo paMcamI ke dina sAMvatsarika parva manAne para tule hue haiN| parvAdhirAja saMvatsarI parva Ane hI vAlA hai| Apa jaise dharmaniSTha paramAhata rAjAdhirAja ke rAjya meM sAMvatsarika parva ke sambandha meM isa prakAra kA dhArmika mAnyatA bheda vastutaH mahAn jainadharma saMgha ke liye vighaTanakArI siddha hogaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti ko dekhate hue isa prakAra kI vighaTanakArI pravRtti ko rokanA saMghahita meM paramAvazyaka hai / ataH Apa jaisA ucita samajhe Adeza phrmaaveN|" jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai kumArapAla aTUTa AsthAvAn jaina dharmAvalambI rAjAdhirAja thA / vaha jainadharma ke caramotkarSa ke liye aharniza cintanazIla rahatA thaa| use parvAdhirAja ke sambandha meM isa prakAra kA ugra vivAda evaM matabheda bar3A hI aprItikara aura anucita pratIta huaa| donoM pakSoM kI yukti-prayuktiyoM para bhalI-bhAMti soca-vicAra kara lene ke pazcAt usane tatkAla isa prakAra kI rAjAjJA prasArita kI :-paMcamI ke dina sAMvatsarika parva kA ArAdhana karane ke liye kRtasaMkalpa zramaNa usake rAjya ke paTTanagara pATana meM kisI bhI dazA meM paMcamI ke dina parvArAdhana nahIM kara sakeMge ataH unheM parvArAdhana se pUrva hI anyatra cale jAnA
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________________ 428 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 cAhiye / " isa prakAra kI rAjAjJA ke prasArita hote hI katipaya una gacchoM ke AcArya apane zramaNa zramaNI samUha ke sAtha pATaNa se vihAra kara anyatra cale gaye jo ki paMcamI ke dina parvAdhirAja ke ArAdhana ke pakSadhara the, kintu vidhi pakSa arthAt aMcala gaccha ke mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya jayasiMhasUri, jo usa samaya pATana meM hI vidyamAna the, unhoMne pATana meM hI rahakara paMcamI ke dina hI parvArAdhana karane ke uddezya se bar3I hI sUjha-bUjha se kAma liyaa| unhoMne apane eka atIva vAkpaTu zramaNopAsaka ko cAlukyarAja kumArapAla ke pAsa bheja kara apanA yaha sandeza pahuMcAyA : "rAja rAjezvara ! hamAre guru vidhipakSa ke AcAryazrI jayasiMhasUri paMcamI ke dina hI sAMvatsarI-parva kA aArAdhana karane vAle haiN| kucha dina pUrva unheM isa prakAra kI AjJA ke prasArita kiye jAne kA vizvAsa nahIM thA ki paMcamI ko parvArAdhana karane vAle pATana chor3a kara anyatra cale jaayN| isI kAraNa unhoMne katipaya dina pUrva namaskAra mantra kA anuSThAna prArambha kara vyAkhyAna meM namaskAra mantra para vivecana-vivaraNa prArambha kara diyA hai| hamAre prAcAryazrI ne Apa se puchavAyA hai ki ve mahAmantra namaskAra mantra ke anuSThAna ko bIca meM adhUrA chor3akara hI pATana se bAhara cale jAyaM athavA usa anuSThAna ko pUrNa karane ke pazcAt pATana se bAhara jaaveN| parvAdhirAja Ane hI vAle haiM / parvArAdhana to gurudeva paMcamI ko hI kareMge aura namaskAra maMtra kA anuSThAna abhI lambI avadhi taka clegaa| hamAre AcArya deva ne puchavAyA hai ki isa sambandha meM ApakA kyA Adeza hai ?" aMcalagaccha ke prAcArya jayasiMha sUri ke sandeza ko sunate hI mahArAja kumArapAla eka bAra to bar3e kruddha hue kintu usI kSaNa unhoMne yaha anubhava kiyA ki eka ora to anullaMghanIya rAjAjJA kI paripAlanA kA prazna hai aura dUsarI ora caudahapUvoM ke sAra mahAmantra namaskAra ke anuSThAnaparaka vivecana-vivaraNa meM bhaMga kA dharma-saMkaTa / mahArAja kumArapAla tatkAla apane ArAdhya gurudeva hemacandrasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hue aura unake samakSa apanI duvidhA prastuta karate hue unase isake samAdhAna kI prArthanA kii| kucha kSaNa vicAra kara hemacandrasUri ne kahA :-"rAjan ! bar3e-bar3e diggaja digambaravAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane vAle ye vidhi pakSa ke prAcArya jayasiMhasUri bar3e jinazAsana prabhAvaka, mantra, tantra, jyotiSa Adi aneka vidyAoM ke pAraMgata vidvAn haiN| unake kopa kA bhAjana bananA kisI ke liye bhI zreyaskara nahIM hai|" kumArapAla hemacandrasUri ke parAmarzAnusAra tatkAla jayasiMha sUri kI sevA meM upasthita huA aura vandana-namana ke anantara unase nivedana karane lagA"mahAtman ! merI yaha Antarika icchA hai ki jainadharma saMgha meM kisI prakAra kA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 426 vighaTana na ho aura vaha ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha sauhArdapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM utkarSa kI ora agrasara hotA rhe| isI pavitra uddezya se maiMne isa prakAra kI prAjJA prasArita kI thii| mujhe yaha jJAta nahIM thA ki Apane mahAmantra namaskAra mantra kA anuSThAna evaM vivecana prArambha kara diyA hai| isase Apako jo kaSTa huA hai, usake lie maiM kSamAprArthI huuN|" jayasiMhasUri ne kahA-"rAjan ! zramaNa kA sabase bar3A dhana samabhAva hI hai / aisI dazA meM Apa para kruddha hone kA to prazna hI nahIM hai| kintu eka bAta maiM Apase avazya kahUMgA ki dharma kI Agamika mUla mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM Apake antarmana meM jo vicAra-viparyAsa kA udbhava haA hai, usase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki aba sunizcita rUpeNa ApakI Ayu svalpa hI avaziSTa raha gaI hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM aba dharma kAryoM ke niSpAdana meM aharniza saMlagna ho jAnA hI Apake lie zreyaskara siddha hogaa|" jayasiMhasUri ke isa prakAra ke uttara ko sunakara vicAradvanda utpanna hA ki rAjAjJA ke prati Akroza prakaTa karane mAtra ke lie hI sUrivara aisA kaha rahe haiM athavA jyotiSa zAstra ke bala se jJAta huI vAstavikatA ko hI prakaTa kara rahe haiN| isa prakAra ke vicAra dvandva dvArA AndolitamanA kumArapAla jayasiMhasUri ko vandana kara hemacandrasUri ke pAsa lauTA aura jayasiMhasUri ke sAtha huI bAtacIta kA niSkarSa apane guru ko sunaayaa| prAcArya hemacandrasUri ne jayasiMhasUri ke bhaviSya kathana para apane nimitta jJAna ke bala para vicAra kiyA aura use akSaraza: satya pAkara kumArapAla se kahA-"rAjan ! aMcalagacchIya prAcAryazrI jayasiMhasUri vastutaH nimittazAstra ke pAragAmI niSNAta vidvAn haiM / unhoMne tumhArI Ayu ke avasAna kAla ke sambandha meM jo tumheM sAvadhAna kiyA hai, unakI vaha bhaviSyavANI tumhAre graha gocaroM ke dhyAnapUrvaka paryavekSaNa se satya hotI pratIta ho rahI hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti ko dekhate hue Apako yathAzakya apanA adhikAdhika samaya prAtmakalyAraNa kI sAdhanA . meM hI lagAnA cAhiye / " paTTAvalIkAra ne Age likhA hai-'jayasiMhasUri dvArA apanI Ayu ke sambandha meM kI gaI bhaviSyavANI kI AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri dvArA bhI puSTi ho jAne ke anantara apane ArAdhya gurudeva meM aTUTa-aTala AsthA rakhane vAle mahArAja kumArapAla ko apanI Ayu ke Asanna avasAnakAla ke sambandha meM pUrA vizvAsa ho gayA aura usane apanA pUrA kA pUrA samaya AtmasAdhanA meM lagA diyaa| isa prakAra aharniza dharmArAdhana meM saMlagna paramArhat mahArAja kumArapAla ne sAtaveM dina samAdhipUrvaka ihalIlA samApta kara paraloka ke liye prayANa kara diyA / " ___"upari likhita rAjyAdeza ke pariNAmasvarUpa paMcamI ke dina sAMvatsarika parvArAdhana karane vAle sabhI gacchoM ke prAcArya evaM sAdhu sAdhvI samUha pATana se
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________________ 430 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vihAra kara anyatra cale gaye aura unhoMne pATana se bAhara vibhinna sthAnoM meM paMcamI ke dina saMvatsarI parva kA ArAdhana kiyaa| kevala vidhi pakSa-aMcala gaccha ke prAcAryazrI jayasiMhasUri aura unake ziSya ziSyA varga ne prAcAryazrI jayasiMhasUri kI adbhuta sUjhabUjha ke bala para pATana meM hI rAjAjJA ke viparIta paMcamI ke dina hI mahAparvAdhirAja paryuSaNa parva kA ArAdhana kiyaa| vidhipakSa ke prAcArya jayasiMhasUri aura unake gaccha ke anuyAyiyoM ne acala rahakara pATana meM hI parvArAdhana kiyA, isa kAraNa unake gaccha kA dUsarA nAma 'acala graccha' bhI loka meM pracalita ho gyaa|' merutugIyA vidhi pakSa athavA aMcalagaccha paTTAvalI ke uparilikhita ullekha ko itihAsa kI kasauTI para kasA jAya to yaha ullekha kharA siddha nahIM hotA kyoMki yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kA svargavAsa vikrama samvat 1226 meM aura paramAhata mahArAja kumArapAla kA dehAvasAna AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke divaMgata hone ke chaH mAsa pazcAt vikrama samvat 1230 meM huA / isa sambandha meM vistArapUrvaka prakAza AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke jIvanavRtta meM DAlA jA cukA hai| yahAM isa sthAna para to yahI batAnA abhISTa hai ki mahArAja kumArapAla paramAhata the| ve sampUrNa jaina saMgha ko ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha karanA cAhate the aura prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kI samanvaya vAdI nIti kA anusaraNa karate hue paramparAgata mAnyatA kA hI pakSa lete the| paramArhata mahArAja kumArapAla dvArA paramparAgata mAnyatA ko sarvAdhika mahattva diye jAne kA eka aura nimnalikhita udAharaNa jaina vAMGmaya meM upalabdha hotA hai jo vastutaH eka prabala rUpeNa paripuSTa aitihAsika udAharaNa hai| vikrama samvat 1213 meM kisI samaya eka dina paramAhata mahArAja kumArapAla AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ko vandana karane gaye, usI samaya vidhi pakSa kA kavaDi nAmaka zrAvaka bhI AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ko vandana karane ke lie upasthita huaa| mahArAja kumArapAla ne aSTapuTI mukha vastrikA se prAcAryazrI ko vandana kiyA aura kavaDi zrAvaka ne uttarAsaMga se vandana kiyaa| mahArAja kumArapAla ko yaha dekhakara bar3A Azcarya huA ki kavaDi zrAvaka. muhapati ke sthAna para uttarAsaMga ke aMcala se hI prAcAryazrI ko vandana kara rahA hai| rAjA ne tatkAla prAcAryazrI se pUchA"bhagavan ! yaha namaskAra karane kI kaunasI vidhi hai ? jo yaha zramaNopAsaka uttarAsaMga ke aMcala se vandana kara rahA hai|" prAcArya zrI ne kahA-"rAjan ! Apa jo mukhavastrikA ke sAtha vandana kara rahe ho, yaha paramparAgata paramparA hai aura yaha zrAvaka jisa prakAra vandana kara rahA hai, vaha jinezvara bhagavAn ke vacanAnusAra hai| isa ....1...dekhiye prastuta grantha kA hI "aMcala maccha" prakaraNa
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] . mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 431 para mahArAja kumArapAla ne kahA-prAcArya deva ! paramparAgata mArga to vastutaH apanA eka pRthak hI (mahatvapUrNa) sthAna rakhatA hai|" ___ isa para prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne (vidhi pakSa-gaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra) vijayacandrasUri kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA-"rAjan ! sImandhara svAmI ne apane samavasaraNa meM vijayacandrasUri kI zuddha kriyA-niSThA kI prazaMsA kI thii| cakrezvarI devI ke mAdhyama se viharamAna tIrthaMkara mahAprabhu sImandhara svAmI se prApta nirdezoM ke anusAra hI vijayacandrasUri ne vidhi-mArga ko prakAzita kiyA hai|" AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke mukhAravinda se isa prakAra kI bAta sunane ke uparAnta bhI mahArAja kumArapAla ne vidhi-pakSa ko aMcalagaccha nAma diyaa| etadviSayaka vidhi pakSa-gaccha paTTAvalI ko gAthAeM isa prakAra haiM : aha annayA nareso muhapattIe karei kii kamma / vihipakkhikavaDisAvaya uttarasaMgaNa taM viyarai / / 10 / / evaM kimii niveNa ya, puTTo siri hemasUri vaccei / jiNavayaNesA muddA, paramparA esa tumhANaM / / 110 / / tatto bharagai rAyA, paramparA maggo ya egatthaM / kIrai sUrI vaccai, mahimA siri vijayacaMdassa // 111 / / sImaMdhara vayaNAo, cakkesarI kahaNa suddhkiriyaae| siddhaMta suttaratto, vihimaggaM so pagAsei // 112 / / pacchA niveNa tassa vi, aMcalagaNa nAma siripaheNa kayaM / // 113 / / upayuMllikhita vivaraNa se yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki mahArAja kumArapAla jainadharma ke aTUTa AsthAvAn zrAvaka vareNya the| ve jainadharma saMgha meM ekarUpatA dekhane ke utkaTa abhilaSuka the aura paramparAgata mAnyatAmoM ke prabala pakSadhara the| jainAgamoM meM yatra-tatra narendra devendra evaM zrAvaka dhAvikAdi kA jahAM bhI prabhu vandana kA prAsaMgika ullekha pAtA hai vahA~ prAyaH uttarAsaMga se prabhu vandana kA ' ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi vidhipakSa gaccha kI, uttarAsaMga se vandana karane viSayaka pramukha mAnyatA ke pakSa meM, Agamika vacana kA ullekha aMcalagacchIya sAhitya meM kahIM bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA tathApi yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki zAstroM meM sthAna-sthAna para uttarAsaMga se hI zrAvakoM dvArA prabhu vandana kiye jAne ke jo ullekha haiM, unhIM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue sambhavataH vidhipakSa gaccha 1. vidhi pakSa mapara nAma aMcalagaccha evaM zrI kIravaMza paTTAvalI, aprakAzita hastalikhita prati prAcAryazrI vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura meM upalabdha /
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________________ 432 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ke janmadAtAoM ne zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ke lie uttarAsaMga athavA aMcala se vandana karane kA vidhAna kiyA ho / vidhipakSa gaccha kI uparyu llikhita gAthA saMkhyA 110 meM prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ke mukha se--"jinavayaNesA muddA paramparA esa tumhANaM" yaha jo kahalavAyA gayA hai, isake pIche yahI bhAvanA hai ki jina vacana se hI arthAt jinendra prabhu ke kathana ke anusAra hI ye loga mukhavastrikA ke sthAna para aMcala rakhakara muni-vandana karate haiM / vidhipakSa gaccha paTTAvalI meM tathA maha uttarasaMgaraNa ya chavvihamAvassayaM kuNaMto so| // 58 / / maha uttarasaMgaNaM duaAlasAvattavaMdaNaM saDDho / // 6 // ina do gAthAddhoM meM zrAvaka ke liye spaSTataH yahI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai ki vaha uttarAsaMga se hI vaMdana kare kintu isake pIche koI zAstrIya pramANa nahIM diyA gayA hai| isase bhI yahI vidita hotA hai ki zAstroM meM narendra-devendroM dvArA uttarAsaMga se prabhu vandana ke ullekhoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue hI sambhavataH vidhi pakSa gaccha meM uttarAsaMga se hI vandana karane kA zrAvakoM ke lie vidhAna rakhA gayA hai| prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne kavaDi zrAvaka dvArA unheM aMcala se vandana karane ke sambandha meM kumArapAla ke samakSa vidhi pakSa paTTAvalIkAra ke anusAra isa prakAra spaSTIkaraNa kiyA : "sImandhara vayaNAyo, cakkesarI kahaNa suddha kiriyaae| siddhata suttaratto vihimaggaM, so payAseI // 112 / / sImandhara svAmI ke mukhAravinda se vijayacandra sAdhu kI (prAcArya kI) prazaMsA sunakara cakrezvarI devI ne AcArya zrI vijayacandrasUri se zuddha kriyA ko punaH prakAza meM lAne kI prArthanA kii| tadanusAra AgamoM ke prati niSThA rakhate hue vijayacandrasUri ne vidhi mArga ko prakAzita kiyaa|" isake uparAnta bhI mahArAjA kumArapAla ke gale paramparAgata mAnyatA ke viruddha vaha bAta nahIM utarI aura usane vidhipakSa gaccha kA nAma aMcalagaccha rakha hI diyaa| paramAhata mahArAjA kumArapAla aSTapuTI mukhavastrikA se guruvandana karane kI paramparA kA prabala pakSadhara thA / vaha svayaM mukhavastrikA se hI guruvandana karatA aura dUsaroM se bhI aSTapuTI mukhava strikA ke dvArA hI vandana karavAtA thA / aMcalagaccha ke prAdurbhAva ke anantara to, jaina vAMGmaya meM katipaya ullekhoM ko dekhate hue yaha anumAna
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] . mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 433 kiyA jAtA hai ki usane zrAvakoM ke vizAla samUhoM ko mukhavastrikA ke sAtha sAmUhika rUpa se apane saMga guruvandana karavAyA / ' ina saba ullekhoM se yaha sunizcita rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki jainadharma ke prati pragAr3ha aAsthA rakhane vAlA zrAvaka ziromaNi paramArhata mahArAjA kumArapAla paramparAgata purAtana mAnyatAoM kA prabala pakSadhara thA aura vaha jaina saMgha ko usI sarvocca pratiSThita pada para AsIna karanA cAhatA thA jisa para ki yaha (jainadharma saMgha) mahArAja samprati ke samaya meM AsIna thA / jina zAsana ke prati mahArAja kumArapAla kI isa prakAra kI aTTa AsthA, pragAr3ha zraddhA aura "saba jaga karU jina zAsana rasi" kI bhAvanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI ke liye parama zraddhA kA pAtra bana gayA / so'hamma kularatna paTTAvalI-rAsakAra ne to kumArapAla ko AgAmI cauvIsI ke prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn padmanAbha kA gaNadhara hone taka kA ullekha karate hue nimnalikhita rUpa meM usakI yazogAthAoM kA gAna kiyA hai pAraNA dina gururAja ne re dIdho zuddha AhAra / te ugra puNya thI tUM hupro re, kumArapAla nRpa sAra re ||raajn0 15 // pUrababhava suNI tharatharyo re, kumara nRpati mana mAMhe / pharI pUche gururAja ne re pAgala gati kuraNa hoya re ||raajn0 18 // sUri taba mana cintavI re, devI phera bolAya / sImandhara ko mokalI re, prabhujI sakala suraNAya ||raajn0 16 / / devIi zrI sUrirAja ne re, sakala kahyo adhikAra / / tethI guru kahe bhUpa ne re, sAMbhala nRpa suvicAra re ||raajn 20 // prAvatI cauvIsI mAhe re, padamanAbha jinraay| tehano gaNadhara tUM thaI re, lesyo zivasukha dAya re ||raajn0 21 // mujha bhava saMkhyAtA kahyA re, sImaMdhara bhagavAn / kevalajJAnI bhAkhiyo re, dhana-dhana kevalajJAna ||raajn0 22 // 2 ina padoM kA sArAMza yaha hai ki prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ko mahArAjA kumArapAla ne prArthanA kI ki ve use kRpA kara batAyeM ki pUrva bhava meM usane aisA kyA puNya kArya kiyA thA, jisake pratApa se vaha rAjA banA hai aura aba agale janma meM usakA uddhAra kaba hogA |praacaaryshriine sUrimantra kI adhiSThAtrI devI kI ArAdhanA kI aura usake upasthita hone para sImaMdhara svAmI se kumArapAla aura svayaM ke pUrvabhava evaM bhAvIkAla meM mukta hone ke sambandha meM jJAta kara unheM (hemacandrasUri ko) avagata karane kA nivedana kiyaa| sUrimantra kI adhiSThAtrI devI ne viharamAna tIrthakara 1. A. zrI hastImalajI ma. sA. kA saMgraha / 2. paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 2, pRSTha -50-51 (muni zrI darzanavijayajI)
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________________ 434 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 bhagavAn sImaMdhara svAmI kI sevA meM mahAvideha kSetra meM upasthita ho kumArapAla aura hemacandrasUri ke pUrvabhava aura Age ke bhavoM kA vivaraNa pUchA / sImaMdhara prabhu se abhIpsita pUrA vivaraNa jJAta kara devI prA0 zrI hemacandrasUri kI sevA meM upasthita huI aura kahA-"viharamAna tIrthaMkara bhagavAn sImaMdhara svAmI ne pharamAyA hai ki kumArapAla apanI Ayu pUrNa kara bhuvanapati deva hogA aura devAyu ke pUrNa hone para jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra kI AgAmI utsarpiNI kAla kI cauvIsI ke prathama tIrthakara padmanAbha jinezvara kA gaNadhara banegA / gaNadhara-pada meM kevala jJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt kumArapAla kA jIva apanI Ayu pUrNa hone para siddha buddha mukta hogaa| hemacandrasUri saMkhyAta bhava kara anta meM nirvANa ko prApta kregaa|" apane guru AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke prati kumArapAla ke mana meM itanI pragAr3ha AsthA thI ki pATaNa se saikar3oM kosa kI dUrI para rahane vAlA koI vyakti AcAryazrI kI akAraNa hI nindA karatA aura usakI isa prakAra kI dhRSTatA se kumArapAla avagata ho jAtA to vaha use daNDa diye binA zAnti anubhava nahIM karatA thaa| isa prakAra kA eka udAharaNa sohama kularatnapaTTAvalI-rAsa meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai : gurjarapati kumArapAla kI bahina bAgha narezvara ko vyAhI gaI thii| vaha pratidina apanI rAnI ke sAtha caupar3a khelate samaya jaba bhI rAnI usakI sArI ko mAratI to yahI kahatA "hema moDe ko mAra' arthAt hemacandrasUri ko mAra / rAnI ne apane pati ko bahuta samajhAyA ki vaha mahApuruSa ke liye isa prakAra ke apazabdoM kA prayoga na kare / kintu usakA to krama isI prakAra calatA rahA / duHkhI hokara rAnI ne apane bhAI cAlukyarAja kumArapAla ko isa sambandha meM likhaa| apane guru ke liye isa prakAra apamAnajanaka bhASA ke prayoga se kumArapAla bar3A kruddha hunaa| usane apane bahanoI para vizAla senA lekara AkramaNa kiyA aura use pakar3akara apane sAtha le aayaa| kumArapAla ne bAgha nRpati ko paryApta samaya taka apane pAsa rakhA aura sAma-dAma-daNDa se use niSThAvAn jaina dharmAvalambI banAkara sasammAna use usake rAjya meM pahuMcA diyA / bhraSTa muni ko zramaNazreSTha banAne .. kA prAdarza udAharaNa mahArAjA kumArapAla ne zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata aMgIkAra kara lene ke pazcAt eka prakAra se yaha pakkA niyama banA liyA thA ki vaha pratyeka sAdhu ko, cAhe vaha zithilAcArI ho athavA utkRSTa kriyAniSTha, sabako samAna rUpa se vandana namana karegA / eka dina vaha apanI caturaMgiNI senA ke madhya bhAga meM gajarAja para ArUr3ha ho rAjamArga para jA rahA thA / mArga meM usane dekhA ki eka muDita zveta vastradhArI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla . [ 435 . jaina muni eka vaizyA ko usake dvAra ke sammukha apanI dakSiNa bAhu ke pArzva meM Abaddha kiye aura hAtha meM tAmbUla liye khar3A usase madhurAlApa kara rahA hai / muni ko isa prakAra kI avasthA meM dekhakara hAthI ke kapola dvaya ke madhyabhAga meM apanA mastaka TikAte hue rAjA ne usa muni ko zraddhApUrvaka vahIM se vandana kiyaa| rAjA ko isa prakAra vandana karate dekhakara rAjA ke senApatiyoM, sainikoM, sAmantoM aura svayaM usa sAdhu taka ko bar3A Azcarya huaa| mahArAja kumArapAla ke pRSThabhAga meM baiThe nADola ke nRpati ne sasmita mudrA meM eka mIThI cuTakI lI / mantrI vAgbhaTTa ne prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kI sevA meM upasthita ho cAlukyarAja dvArA eka patita muni ko vandana karane viSayaka vRtAnta sunAyA / jaba paramAhata mahArAja kumArapAla AcAryazrI kI sevA meM . vandana-namana hetu upasthita huA to usake pAsa Ate hI AcAryazrI ne nimnalikhita gAthA kA uccAraNa kiyA : pAsatthAi vaMdamANasya, neva kittI na nijjarA hoi| kAyakilesaM emeva, kuraNai" taha kammabaMdhaM vA / / 781 // -prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 209 arthAt jo vyakti zithilAcAra-magna caritrahIna vyakti ko vandana namana karatA hai, na to usake karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai aura na use yazaprApti hii| aise caritrahIna sAdhuveSadhara ko vandana karane se vaha vyakti vRthA hI kAyAkleza karatA hai aura isake sAtha-sAtha karma bandha bhI karatA hai| kumArapAla tatkAla samajha gayA ki kisI ne prAcAryadeva ko usake dvArA . usa muni ko vandana karane kI ghaTanA kI jAnakArI de dI hai, jo muni vaizyA ko apanI bhujapAza meM sameTe khar3A thaa| kumArapAla ne pragAr3ha zraddhApUrvaka AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ko vandana karane ke pazcAt nivedana kiyA : - "bhagavan ! maiMne usa sAdhu ko zikSA dene aura punaH sudhArane ke uddezya se hI aisA kiyA thaa|" udhara vaha sAdhu paramArhata kumArapAla ke namaskAra se hataprabha evaM camatkRta ho uThA / usake antarmana meM vicAroM kA pravAha Andolita ho utthaa| usane mana hI mana socA-kumArapAla jaise paramAhata evaM parama jinazAsana bhakta ne mere sAdhuveSa ko .. dekhakara mujhe namaskAra kiyA hai| maiM kitanA patita haM ki bhagavAn tIrthaMkara ke veSa ko lajjita kara rahA huuN| vItarAga kI AjJA kA maiMne ullaMghana kiyA hai / jina bhogoM ko maiMne tyAga diyA, una vamana kiye hue bhogoM ko maiM punaH bhoga rahA huuN| mujha jaise bhraSTapratijJa ko dhikkAra hai| isa prakAra mana meM vicAra Ate hI usane tatkAla usa vArAMganA kI kaTi meM DAle hue apane bhujadaNDa ko apanI ora khIMca liyA-haTA liyaa| vrata ke liye kaMTaka svarUpa usa tAmbUla ko usane
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________________ 436 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pheMka diyaa| apane caraNa yugala meM pahane hue upAnahoM ko usane tatkAla eka ora DAla diyA / vaha tatkAla binA kisI kI ora dekhe apane ue 'ya kI ora cala diyaa| apane guru ke pAsa usane apane pApoM kI vizuddha mana se AlocanA kara unake pAsa usane punaH paMca mahAvratoM ko aMgIkAra kiyA / usakA roma-roma, antarmana, vairAgya ke pragAr3ha raMga meM raMga gyaa| usane kaThora tapazcaryAeM karanA prArambha kiyaa| vaha ghora tapasvI aharniza svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura guru kI suzrUSA meM saMlagna rahane lgaa| usa zramaNa ke tyAga, virAga aura kaThora tapazcaraNa kI digdiganta meM kItti vyApta ho gaI / usakI gaNanA usa samaya ke zramaNottamoM meM kI jAne lgii| paramArhata kumArapAla ne jaba usa tapasvI zramaNa kI yazo-gAthA sunI to vaha svayaM usa tapopUta mahAtmA ke darzana vandana evaM caraNa-sparza ke liye antaHpura ke sAtha usa tapasvI ke upAzraya meM gayA / usa tapasvI ke mukha para prathama dRSTinipAta se hI rAjA ko bhalI-bhAMti smaraNa ho pAyA ki yaha vahI sAdhu hai, jise usane eka vArAMganA ke dvAra para caritrabhraSTa dekhate hue bhI vandana-namana kiyA thA / mahArAja kumArapAla usa muni ke guru ko aura anya muniyoM ko vandana karane ke pazcAt usake caraNoM para apanA bhAla rakhane ke liye jhukA / usa tapodhana muni ne kumArapAla kA hAtha pakar3a kara use namana karane se rokA aura atIva kRtajJatApUrNa svara meM bolA-"rAjan ! isa saMsAra sAgara meM DUbate hue mere jaise adhama ko tArane vAle Apa mere guru haiM / vastutaH Apa vizvavaMdya haiM / ApakA praNAma mere liye ajIrNa evaM duSpAcya hI hogaa| narka ke andhakUpa meM jAna bUjhakara jhampApAta karane vAle mere jaise jinAjJA virAdhaka aura bhraSTa caritra vandanIya ArAdhaka kaise ho sakate haiM ? ihaloka aura paraloka meM duHkhadAyI pApa mArga se mujha jaise adhama ko ubArane vAle Apa jaise pitAtulya upakArI saMsAra meM virale hI haiM / namaskAra ke liye nitAnta ayogya mere jaise duScaritra pAtakI ko namaskAra kara Apane mere antarha da meM sama, saMvega aura nirveda kI triveNI pravAhita kara dI hai|" kumArapAla ne zraddhAsikta ati vinamra svara meM una taponiSTha muni se nivedana kiyA- "munivara ! Apake samAna vandanIya aura kauna hogA, jinhoMne eka choTe se nimitta ko pAkara tatkSaNa apane Apako saba prakAra kI Asakti, saba prakAra ke doSoM aura ananta kAla taka bhava bhramaNa karAne vAle vyAmoha ko pratyeka buddha kI bhA~ti eka kSaNa bhara meM hI viSavat tyAga diyA-tRNa tulya ThukarA diyaa| bhagavAn tIrthaMkara dvArA batAye gaye sAdhu svarUpa ko merA praNAma karanA sahaja svAbhAvika hI thA / usa choTI sI bAta ko merA upakAra samajhakara Apa apane kRtajJa ziromaNi svabhAva ko hI pradarzita kara rahe haiN|" isa prakAra kahate hue mahArAja kumArapAla ne isase pahale ki muni unheM rokeM apanA bhAla muni ke caraNoM para rakha diyA / usa tapodhana muni ke aMtaHkaraNa se haThAt ye udgAra prasphuTita ho uThe-"dhanya hai vaha deza, puNyazAlinI hai vaha prajA, jahAM darzana mAtra kI amRtavRSTi se samasta pApapaMka ko dho DAlane vAle pApa jaise rAjA haiN|
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________________ sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 437 mahArAja kumArapAla ke jIvana kI yaha ghaTanA sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA cAroM hI vargo ke liye sadA sarvadA pradIpa stambha kI taraha mArga pradarzana karatI huI jana-jana ke anrtagata meM abhinava cetanA kA saMcAra karatI rhegii| . dIrghadarzI kumArapAla mahArAjA kumArapAla ne apane eka nikaTa sambandhI AnAka kI sevAoM se santuSTa ho use sAmanta pada pradAna kara diyaa| sAmanta hone ke uparAnta bhI AnAka prAyaH kumArapAla kI sevA meM hI rahA karatA thaa| eka dina madhyAhna velA meM kumArapAla apanI candrazAlA meM sukhAsana para vizrAma mudrA meM baiThA sAmanta AnAka se bAtacIta kara rahA thA, usa samaya sAmanta kA sevaka candrazAlA meM praviSTa huaa| use dekhate hI kumArapAla ne sAmanta AnAka se prazna kiyA :-"yaha kauna hai ?" __. "sambhavataH kisI Avazyaka kAryavazAt ghara se paricAraka AyA hai," yaha kahatA huA sAmanta apane sevaka ko sAtha le kumArapAla ke vizrAntikakSa se bAhara gayA aura apane sevaka se prazna kiyA :-"ghara para saba kuzala-maMgala to hai ?" harSAvaruddha kaNTha svara meM apane svAmI kA abhivAdana karate hae sevaka ne kahA :-"badhAI hai mahArAja ! Apako putraratna kI prApti huI hai|" putraratna ke janma kA sukhada samvAda sunate hI sAmanta kA aMga-pratyaMga pulakita ho uThA, mukha para harSa kI lahara lAlimA barasAne lagI aura vaha punaH mahArAjA ke samakSa apane Asana para baiTha gyaa| sAmanta AnAka kI harSotphulla mukhamudrA ko dekhakara mahArAjA kumArapAla ne prazna kiyA :- "ghara se kyA sukhada sandeza prAyA hai sAmanta ?" "ghara para putra kA janma huA hai mahArAja !" sAmanta ke isa uttara ko sunakara kumArapAla kucha kSaNa cintana kI mudrA meM mana hI mana vicAra kara bolA :-"sAmanta ! tumhArA yaha putra-ratna mahApratApI hogaa| isake janma kI sUcanA dene vAlA vyakti isa navajAta zizu ke puNya ke pratApa se binA kisI prakAra kI roka-Toka evaM bAdhA ke rAjaprAsAda meM hamAre kakSa meM A gyaa| kisI bhI praharI ne tumhAre sevaka ko TokA taka nhiiN| isa prakAra prabala puNya ko lekara AyA huprA yaha bAlaka Age jAkara vizAla gurjara pradeza kA adhipati hogaa| kintu isa zizu ke janma kI zubha sUcanA dene vAle ne tumheM isa sthAna se uThAkara sUcanA dI ataH vaha aNahillapura paTTaNa meM aura dhavalagRha meM apanI rAjadhAnI na rakhakara kisI anya sthAna meM hI rkhegaa|" - isa prakAra eka bhaviSyadraSTA ke rUpa meM kumArapAla ne zakuna dekhakara jo bhaviSyavANI kI vaha akSaraza: caritArtha huI / yahI zizu lavaNaprasAda kAlAntara meM
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________________ 438 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 prathama to vizAla gurjara rAjya kA abhibhAvaka aura tatpazcAt pratApI rAjA huA / ' lavaNaprasAda ne apanI rAjadhAnI anahilla paTTaNa athavA vyAghrapallI meM na rakha kara dholakA meM rkhii| pApabhIru evaM saccA AtmanirIkSaka kumArapAla eka dina kumArapAla ne apane rAjaprAsAda meM apane pAsa baiThe hue apane pramukha parAmarzadAtA Aliga nAmaka vayovRddha purohita se prazna kiyA-- "purohitajI mahArAja ! guNoM kI dRSTi se maiM mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha se kama hUM, athavA samAna vA adhika ? yaha batAne kI kRpA kiijiye|" - rAja purohita Aliga ne eka kSaNa socakara kahA- "rAjarAjezvara ! Apane pUchA hai to maiM Apake samakSa yathAtathya rUpa se tathya bAta hI nivedana kruuNgaa| aparAdha kSamA ho / mahArAja siddharAja jayasiMha meM 66 guNa aura 2 doSa the, isake viparIta Apa meM 2 guNa aura 66 doSa haiN|" rAja purohita Aliga gurjara rAjya meM usa samaya satyavAdI ke rUpa meM vikhyAta the| kumArapAla bhI isa bAta ko jAnatA thA ki Aliga kisI ke samakSa saca bAta kahane meM kabhI hicakicAhaTa anubhava nahIM krtaa| purohita ke mukha se apane 66 durguNoM kI bAta sunakara kumArapAla ko apane Apa se bar3I ghRNA huI / usane apanI kaTAra ko myAna se bAhara nikAla kara apane donoM netra phor3ane kA upakrama kiyA / vRddha rAjapurohita ne vidyut vega se lapaka kara mahArAja kumArapAla kA dakSiNa hAtha apane vRddha kintu sazakta paMje se kasakara pakar3a liyA aura kahane lagA--"mahArAja ! mApane merI Age kI bAta nahIM sunii| siddharAja jayasiMha meM 66 guNa the lekina raNAMgaNa meM udbhaTa pauruSa kA prabhAva aura strI lampaTatA ye do mahAn doSa una 16 muNoM para pAnI phera dene vAle the; isake viparIta Apa meM kRpaNatA Adi 66 doSa haiM kintu Apake raNa zauNDIrya aura 'mAtRvat para dAreSu'--apanI strI ke atirikta saMsAra kI samasta ramaNiyoM ko apanI mAtA aura sahodarA ke tulya samajhane ke jo mahAn guNa haiM, una do guNoM se Apake ve 66 doSa pUrI taraha DhaMka jAte haiN|" . 1. zrImadbhImadheva rAjya cintAkArI vyAghrapallI saGkata prasiddhaH zrImadAnAka nandanaH zrI lavaraNasAhaprasAdazciraM rAjyaM cakAra / .. (prabandha cintAmaNi pRSTha 160, 1988 kA navIna saMskaraNa) 2. Arnorajas' son Lavanprasad then took charge of the administration on behalf of the chalakye king. He fixed his headquarters at Dholka. -Struggle for Empire Vol. 5 Page 50.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla / 436 apane vRddha rAja purohita ke isa kathana ko sunakara kumArapAla ko santoSa huA aura usane apanI kaTAra myAna meM rakha lii| ___ isa choTI sI ghaTanA se kumArapAla ke do Adarza evaM anukaraNIya guNoM ke sAtha-sAtha yaha spaSTataH prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki vaha vastutaH pApabhIru, parama Astika aura apane doSoM ke liye prAyazcita karane meM tatpara thaa| dRr3ha pratijJa kumArapAla "kumArapAlakAritAmAri-prabandha" (muni jina vijaya dvArA sampAdita purAtana prabandha saMgraha) ke anusAra mahArAja kumArapAla ke parama zraddhAniSTha ahiMsA bhakta banane aura apane vizAla sAmrAjya meM amAri kI ghoSaNA se katipaya vargoM ke logoM ko bar3I IrSyA huI aura unhoMne sAmUhika rUpa se rAjA ke samakSa upasthita ho nivedana kiyA-"kanTezvarI devI ko cirakAla se bali dI jAtI rahI hai| amAri kI ghoSaNA ke pazcAt kanTezvarI devI ko dI jAne vAlI bali bhI banda kara dI gaI hai / aba yadi kanTezvarI devI ko pazuoM kI bali nahIM dI gaI to kanTezvarI devI kruddha ho jaaygii| usake prakopa se gurjara rAjya aura usakI prajA kA mahAn anartha ho sakatA hai| mahArAja ! isI kAraNa prajA meM cAroM ora ghora anartha kI AzaMkA kA bhaya vyApta ho gayA hai|" ahiMsA kA pujArI kumArapAla apane nirNaya para aTala thaa| tathApi usane AcAryazrI hemacandra kI sevA meM upasthita ho unheM kucha svArthI logoM dvArA utpanna kI gaI paristhiti se avagata kiyaa| unhoMne kumArapAla se kahA-"rAjan ! isa prakAra se bhayabhIta varga ko Azvasta karane ke liye acche moTe tAje pazuoM ko devI ke mandira ke parakoTe meM svayaM apane sAmane banda karavA do|" kumArapAla tatkAla AcAryazrI ke manogata vicAroM ko tAr3a gayA aura usane prajA varga ko sAntvanA dete hue kahA-"sabake dhArmika adhikAroM kI rakSA kI jAyagI aura yatheSTa vyavasthA kara dI jaaygii|" - mahArAja kumArapAla ne apane adhikAriyoM ko devI kI bali ke liye moTe tAje pazu devI ke mandira meM pahuMcAne kA Adeza diyA aura unheM apane samakSa devI ke mandira ke ahAte meM pAnI va cAre kI vyavasthA kara banda karavA diyaa| parakoTe ke dvAra para tAlA lagAkara kumArapAla ne cAbI apane pAsa rkkhii| aura dvAra para nigarAnI ke liye apane sainikoM ko niyukta kara diyaa|
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________________ 40 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 dUsare dina prAtaHkAla kumArapAla apane adhikAriyoM aura pramukha prajAjanoM ke sAtha kanTezvarI ke mandira meM phuNcaa| devI ke mandira ke dvAra rAjA ne apane samakSa khulavAye / saba logoM ne dekhA ki rAta meM banda kiye gaye sabhI pazu nirbhaya ho mandira ke bAhara prAMgaNa meM baiThe haiM / mahArAjA kumArapAla ne upasthita prajAjanoM ko sambodhita karate hue gambhIra svara meM kahA :- "devI kI bali ke liye kala sAyaMkAla ina pazuoM ko yahAM banda kara diyA gayA thA / ye saba pUrNa prasanna mudrA meM yahAM baiThe hue haiN| yadi devI ko pazuoM kA mAMsa priya hotA to yaha mahAzaktizAlinI devI kaMTezvarI ina pazuoM kA bhakSaNa kiye binA nahIM rhtii| jitane pazu yahAM banda kiye gaye the unameM se eka bhI kama nahIM huA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki devI kaMTezvarI ko mAMsa kiMcitmAtra bhI rucikara nahIM lagatA hai| use pazuoM ke mAMsa kI koI lAlasA nahIM hai| mAMsa bhakSaNa to vastutaH kevala jihvAlolupa rasagRddha logoM ko hI rucikara lagatA hai / deva deviyoM ko nhiiN| isaliye mere dvArA kI gaI amAri kI ghoSaNA aTala hai, anullaMghya hai aura hai pUrNataH ucita / isakA pUrNataH pAlana kiyA jAya aura devI ko atIva svAdiSTa mahAya' SaTrasa bhojana-anna nirmita naivedya samarpita kiyA jaay|" . isa prakAra dRr3ha pratijJa mahArAjA kumArapAla ne apanI pratijJA para dRr3ha rahate hue prajAvarga ko bhI apane buddhikauzala se santuSTa kara diyaa| isa prakAra paramAhata mahArAjA kumArapAla ne apane lagabhaga tIsa varSa ke zAsanakAla meM jinazAsana kI jo atyanta mahatvapUrNa sevAeM kIM, ve jaina itihAsa meM hI nahIM apitu bhArata ke gauravazAlI itihAsa meM bhI aura vizeSataH gujarAta pradeza ke itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM se likhI jAkara zatAbdiyoM taka smaraNa kI ' jAtI rheNgii| bhArata ke itihAsa meM samprati ke pazcAt yadyapi vIra vikramAditya, gaMga rAjavaMza ke prAyaH sabhI rAjA mahArAjA, hoisala rAjavaMza aura rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM ne apane-apane samaya meM jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya sevAeM kara jinazAsana ke sarvatomukhI abhyudaya evaM utkarSa ke liye ullekhanIya prayAsa kiye, kintu jahAM taka apane sampUrNa rAjya meM nirantara caudaha varSa taka amAri kI ghoSaNA kA pUrNataH prabhAvapUrNa DhaMga se pAlana karavAkara jainadharma ke AdhArabhUta ahiMsA siddhAnta kA mana vacana aura karma se na kevala lAkhoM karor3oM hI apitu agaNita mUka pazuoM ko abhayadAna pradAna kiyaa| isa dRSTi se to mahArAja kumArapAla kA nAma, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hue jinazAsanabhakta rAjAoM meM samprati ke samakakSa hI smaraNa kiyA jAtA rhegaa| kalikAla sarvajJa ke viruda se vibhUSita AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ne vipula sAhitya kA nirmANa kara jo jinazAsana ke jJAna bhaNDAra kI uullekhanIya vRddhi
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] mahArAjA kumArapAla [ 441 kI, usameM bhI pramukha yogadAna kumArapAla kA hI thaa| bhArata ke sudUrastha prAntoM, rAjyoM evaM vibhinna jJAna bhaNDAroM se prAcIna sAhitya ko vipula mAtrA meM yadi kumArapAla prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ko upalabdha nahIM karavAte, lekhakoM ke eka bahuta bar3e samUha ko AcAryazrI kI sevA meM prastuta evaM samudyata nahIM karate to sunizcita hI thA ki ve isa prakAra jinazAsana ke sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi karane meM itane adhika saphalakAma nahIM ho paate| paramAhata mahArAjA kumArapAla kA gurjara rAjya ke siMhAsana para AsIna hone se pahale kA jIvana bar3A hI saMgharSamaya aura saMkaToM se otaprota rhaa| gurjara rAjya kA mahAn zaktizAlI rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha kumArapAla ke prANoM kA pyAsA bana gayA thA ataH kumArapAla ko apane prANoM kI rakSA ke liye deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM, vanoM meM varSoM taka dara-dara kI ThokareM khAnI pdd'ii| nirantara kaI dinoM taka bhUkhe peTa raha kara use lambI-lambI padayAtrAe~ karanI pdd'iiN| saMnyAsI ke veSa meM varSoM taka idhara-udhara bhaTakanA pdd'aa| aneka bAra prANa saMkaTa kI ghar3iyAM upasthita ho jAne para bhI usane sAhasa ko nahIM chor3A, apane buddhi-kauzala se vaha siddharAja jayasiMha ke cagula se bacakara nikala bhaagaa| mahAn gurjara rAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para use gRha kalaha, Antarika vidroha aura bAharI zatruoM se lohA lenA par3A / isa prakAra kI vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM bhI kumArapAla ne sAhasa aura zaurya kA sambala le apane zatruoM ko samApta kara apane zAsana.ko niSkaMTaka bnaayaa| kumArapAla ne isa prakAra kI sabhI bhAMti pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke uparAnta bhI adbhUt zaurya-pradarzana kara apane rAjya kI sImAeM uttara meM bAr3amera mAlAnI pAlI, cittaur3a, udayapura, pUrva meM bhelasA, pazcima meM kAThiyAbAr3a aura dakSiNa meM kauMkaraNa taka sthApita kara gurjara rAjya ko eka vizAla sAmrAjya kA svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| gurjara pradeza meM Aja bhI kartavyaniSThA, dharma ke prati zraddhA, guNijanoM ke prati sammAna, vinaya, mRdubhASitA, dayA Adi mAnavIya saMskAra dRSTigocara hote haiN| ina saMskAroM kA bIjavapana vastutaH prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri aura paramAhata mahArAjA kumArapAla ke colI-dAmana tulya sahakAra se hI sambhava huA hai| saMkaTakAla meM parama sahAyaka, apane jIvana ko ahiMsA, satya, asteya, svadArasantoSa rUpa brahmacarya, ke sA~ce meM DhAlane vAle, ratnatrayI kA bodhibIja vapana karane vAle aura jinazAsana ke vizva-bandhutva ke mahAn siddhAntoM para ArUDha evaM agrasara karAne vAle apane mahAn upakArI guru AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ko saMlekhanA saMthArApUrvaka svargArohaNa ke lie samudyata dekha paramArhata kumArapAla vicalita ho utthaa| aneka bhISaNa saMgrAmoM meM apanI caturaMgiNI vizAla senA kI agrima paMkti para durdamanIya zatruoM se sAhasapUrvaka lohA lene vAlA zUravIra kumArapAla apane guru kI
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________________ 442 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 Asanna mahAprayANa avasthA ko dekhakara zokasAgara meM nimagna ho gyaa| usake phullAravindAyata locana azruSoM ke pUra se DabaDabA utthe| paramArhata kumArapAla ko isa prakAra cintAtura dekha AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne Azvasta karate hue kahA"rAjan ! saMyoga kA antima svarUpa viyoga evaM janma kA antima svarUpa maraNa hai| ye donoM aparihArya evaM dhruva haiN| ataH avazyambhAvI bhAva ke liye cintita honA vyartha hai| tumane amAri kI ghoSaNA aura jinazAsana kI zraddhApUrvaka apUrva sevA se apanA ihaloka aura paraloka sudhArA hai| tuma bhI thor3e hI samaya meM merA anusaraNa karane vAle ho isaliye cintA kA pUrNataH parityAga kara apane avaziSTa rahe svalpa jIvana meM jinazAsana kI sevA ke kAryoM meM nirata ho jaao| isa prakAra mahArAja kumArapAla ko, apane ziSya varga evaM upAsakavRnda ko dharma meM tatpara rahane kA upadeza de AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne vikrama samvat 1226 meM samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| kumArapAla ne rAjakIya sammAna ke sAtha AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke pArthiva zarIra kA antima saMskAra kiyA aura unakI citA kI bhasma lekara apane bhAla para zraddhApUrvaka usase tilaka kiyaa| rAjA kA anukaraNa karate hue sAmantoM ne, maMtriyoM ne aura antima kriyA meM upasthita hue hajAroM nAgarikoM ne bhI citA ThaMDI ho jAne para tIsare cauthe dina se hI citA kI bhasma kA apane bhAla para tilaka karanA prArambha kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa citAsthala para gaharA gaDDhA ho gayA aura usa gaDDhe ko aNahillapura paTTaNa ke nivAsiyoM ne hemakhaNDa nAma diyaa| AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke viyoga meM apane locana-yugala se azrudhArAeM pravAhita karate hue kumArapAla ko zoka santapta dazA meM dekhakara sAmantoM evaM sacivoM ne apane sAntvanApUrNa vacanoM se samajhAyA / kumArapAla ne zokAvaruddha kaNTha se kahA-"mujhe cintA kevala isI bAta kI hai ki rAjapiNDa kA sadA parihAra karane vAle mere gurudeva ko anna to dUra mere yahAM ke pAnI kI eka bUMda taka bhI maiM samarpita nahIM kara skaa|" .. isa prakAra apane paramopakArI guruvara AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kA smaraNa karatA huA kumArapAla unake batAye hue patha para aharniza jinazAsana kI sevA meM nirata rahane lgaa| anta meM vikrama samvat 1230 meM paramArhata kumArapAla ne samAdhipUrvaka apane saba pApoM kI AlocanA kara paraloka kI ora prayANa kiyaa|
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________________ ajayadeva gurjara nareza paramArhata mahArAjA kumArapAla ke pazcAt vikrama saMvat 1230 tadanusAra vIra samvat 1700 meM ajayadeva vizAla gurjara rAjya ke rAja siMhAsana para AsIna huaa| isakA tIna varSa jaisI alpAvadhi kA rAjya bhI sAdhAraNataH gurjara rAjya kI sampUrNa prajA ke liye aura vizeSataH jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke lie bar3A hI utpIr3aka siddha huaa| ajayadeva ne zAsana kI bAgaDora samhAlate hI apane pUrvajoM dvArA nirmApita deva mandiroM ko giravAnA prArambha kara diyaa| usake ina dharma virodhI vidhvaMsaka: kukRtyoM ko rukavAne ke liye pramukha prajAjanoM dvArA kiye gaye aneka upAyoM ke niSphala ho jAne para prajAjanoM ke Agraha para abhinaya kalA meM niSNAta sIlaNa nAmaka rAjamAnya nATakakAra ne rAjA ko ThIka mArga para lAne kA bIr3A utthaayaa| usane rAja prAsAda meM mahArAjA ajayapAla ke samakSa apanI AzcaryakAriNI nATyakalA kA pradarzana karate hue eka adbhuta nATaka kA mancana kiyaa| usa nATaka meM nATyakAra sIlaNa ne indrajAla jaisI mAyA ke mAdhyama se atIva sundara pAMca deva mandiroM kA nirmANa kiyA aura unheM apane putroM ko samhalAte hue kahA-"mere prANapriya AjJAkArI putroM ! merI mRtyu ke anantara bhI tuma loga ina mandiroM kI acchI taraha dekhabhAla karate rahanA, inakI surakSA kA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka dhyAna rkhnaa|" ___tatpazcAt sIlaNa rugNa kI bhAMti isa prakAra palaMga para leTa gayA mAno vaha paraloka kI ora prayANa karane vAlA hI hai| usI samaya sIlaNa ke kaniSTha putra ne una kRtrima deva mandiroM ko tor3a-phor3a kara dharAzAyI kara diyA / apane putra dvArA deva mandiroM ke naSTa kiye jAne kI bAta sunate hI sIlaNa tatkAla dhUlisAta huI deva kUlikAoM kI ora daur3A aura usane apane putra kI bhartsanA karate hue kahA :-"are pro kuputra! mahArAjA ajayadeva ne to apane pitA (pUrvaja rAjA kumArapAla) ke paraloka kI aora prayANa kara cukane ke anantara unake dvArA banavAye gaye mandiroM ko tur3avAyA, para tU to sabase bar3A aisA kupUta nikalA ki merI jIvitAvasthA meM hI tUne mere dvArA banavAye gaye mandiroM ko tor3a-phor3a kara dhUlisAt kara apane Apako adhamAdhama siddha kara diyA hai|" nATaka meM isa prakAra ke saMvAda ko sunakara ajayadeva bar3A lajjita huA aura usane adharmapUrNa usa vidhvaMsaka kArya ko tyAga diyaa| deva mandiroM ko bhUlu Thita .
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________________ 44 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 karane ke kArya se zIlaNa dvArA bar3I buddhimattApUrvaka virata kiye jAne ke anantara gurjara pati ajayadeva ne divaMgata mahArAjA kumArapAla aura svargastha hemacandrasUri ke prItipAtroM ko yamadhAma pahuMcAne kA kArya apane hAtha meM liyA / - ajayadeva ne paramArhata kumArapAla ke parama vizvAsapAtra evaM svargIya AcAryazrI hemacandra ke parama prItipAtra labdhapratiSTha vidvAn kapadi nAmaka mantrI ko sarva prathama chalachadmapUrvaka yama kA atithi banAne ke uddezya se SaDayantra racA / usane kapardi mantrI ko apane pAsa bulavA kara use mahAmAtyapada grahaNa karane ke liye AgrahapUrNa anurodha kiyaa| kapadi ne dUsare dina zakuna lene ke pazcAt uttara dene kA samaya maaNgaa| dUsare dina prAtaHkAla kapadi mantrI zakuna lene ke lie ghara se niklaa| do cAra Daga Age bar3hate hI kapadi ne dekhA ki eka hRSTa-puSTa vRSabha huMkAra karatA huA (nardana karatA huA) apane agrima kSurAnoM se pRthvI kA utkhanana kara rahA hai| isa zakuna ko apane anukUla samajhakara mantrI kapardi bar3A prasanna huA / maruvRddha nAmaka zakunazAstrI ko bar3e utsAha ke sAtha apanA zakuna sunAte hue kapadi mantrI ne kahA :-"dekhiye, isase bar3hakara zreSTha zakuna kyA ho sakatA hai ?" zakunazAstrI ne kahA :-"mantrivara ! yaha zubha zakuna nhiiN| Apake kAla kA sUcaka bar3A hI azubha zakuna hai / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki vRSabha yaha batA rahA hai ki isa mantrI kapadi ke bhasmIbhUta zava kI bhasma apane aMga-pratyaMga meM ramA mere svAmI bhagavAn zaMkara zIghra hI apane zarIra kI zobhA bar3hAyeMge, yahI socakara harSonmatta ho vaha vRSabha harSanAda kara rahA thaa|" "maruvRddha ! Aja aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tumhArI buddhi kahIM ghAsa carane calI gaI hai|" isa prakAra maruvRddha ke kathana kI avamAnanA karatA huA kapardi mantrI mahArAjA ajayadeva ke samakSa upasthita ho nivedana karane lagA : "mahArAja ! ApakA yaha sevaka Apake Adeza ko saharSa zirodhArya karane ke liye samudyata hai|" mahArAjA ajayadeva ne tatkAla kapardi mantrI ko vizAla gurjara rAjya ke mahAmAtya pada para niyukta karate hue use mahAmAtya pada kI mudrA pradAna kara dii| mahAmAtyapada ke kArya-bhAra ko samhAla kara ghaTikA paryanta mahAmAtya kapardi ajayadeva se mantraNA kara apane ghara lauTa gyaa| vardhApana dene vAloM kA mahAmAtya kapadi ke ghara tAMtA-sA laga gyaa| dina bar3e hI grAmoda-pramoda evaM harSollAsa ke sAtha vyatIta huA / rAtri meM gurjareza ne apane mahAmAtya ko mantraNA ke vyAja se bulavA kara bandI banA liyA aura Aga para kholate hue pratapta tela ke kar3Aha ke pAsa use khar3A kara apane anucaroM se use apamAnita evaM prapIr3ita karavAne lgaa| aneka bhISaNa yuddhoM meM adbhuta zaurya pradarzita karate hue sadA vijayazrI kA varaNa karane vAle mahAmAtya kapardi kI manodazA usa samaya ThIka usI prakAra kI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] ajayadeva / 445 ho rahI thI, jisa prakAra ki madonmatta hAthiyoM ke gaMDasthaloM para pASNiprahArapUrvaka gajamuktAoM ko sadA vidalita vikIriNata karate A rahe zArdUla kI rugNAvasthA ke kAraNa zRgAloM dvArA yatheccha bhakSaNa kiye jAne para hotI hai| zRGkhalAoM se Abaddha mahAmAtya kapadi ne adIna bhAva se dhairya dhAraNa kiye atyAcArI ajayadeva ke samakSa apane Antarika udgAra abhivyakta karate hue ghanarava gambhIra svara meM kahA :"rAjan ! garIboM evaM abhyarthiyoM ko maiMne yatheccha koTi-koTi kAMcana mudrAoM kA dAna kiyA hai / zAstrArthoM meM aneka prativAdiyoM ke mAna kA mardana bhI kiyA hai aura jisa prakAra zataraMja ke khela meM pyAdiyoM kI ukhAr3a-pachAr3a kI jAtI hai, ThIka usI prakAra maiMne anekoM rAjAoM ko siMhAsana-cyuta aura anekoM ko siMhAsanAsIna bhI kiyA hai, aba yadi durbhAgya merA anta isI prakAra karanA cAhatA hai to usake liye bhI maiM saharSa samudyata huuN|" mahAmAtya kapardi kI isa garvokti ko sunate hI ajayadeva bar3A kruddha huA aura usane apane anucaroM ko bhrUbhaMga ke nikSepa se iMgita kiyaa| apane svAmI kA iMgita pAte hI anucaroM ne mahAmAtya kapadi ko Aga para khaulate hue tela ke kar3Aha meM DAla diyaa| isa prakAra AryadharA ke eka mahAn senAnI kA prANAnta kara diyA gyaa| ajayadeva dvArA jainAcArya zrI rAmacandra kI hatyA gurjarAdhipati ajayadeva ke sira para hatyA ArUDha ho rahI thii| mahAmAtya kapardi ke prANoM kI lekara bhI usakI mAnava hatyA kI bhUkha zAnta nahIM huI / usane AcAryazrI hemacandra ke paTTadhara, eka sau prabandhoM kI racanA karane vAle mahAn granthakAra evaM vidvAn prAcArya rAmacandrasUri ko bulavAyA aura unheM khaira ke jagamagAte hue aMgAroM para pratapta kI jA rahI tAmrapaTTikA para Dhakela kara unakA prANAnta karane kI ghRNita abhisandhi karate hue unase kahA :-"mune ! isa tAmrapaTTikA para khar3e ho jaao|" AcAryazrI rAmacandra ne pracaNDa agni ke tApa se lAla huI tAMbe kI vizAla caddara ko dekhate hI vicAra kiyA : "sUrya kA ratha prAcI se udIci taka pRthvI kI parikramA karane ke anantara bhI pRthvI kA sparza nahIM krtaa| yaha yugAdi kA niyama calA A rahA hai| maiMne paMca mahAvrata dhAraNa kiye haiN| maiMne SaDjIvanikAya ke prANiyoM kI sUkSma se sUkSma hiMsA se jIvana-paryanta virata rahane kA vrata grahaNa kiyA hai / jaba sUrya kA ratha apane vrata (niyama) kI rakSA ke liye asta honA aMgIkAra kara letA hai kintu pRthvI kA sparza nahIM karatA to phira maiM paMcamahAvratadhArI hokara apane prANoM ke rahate ina agnikAya ke jIvoM kI virAdhanA-hiMsA kyoM karU?"
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________________ 446 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 eka hI kSaNa meM isa prakAra vicAra kara unhoMne apane vAma hasta se apanI jihvA ko pakar3a kara bAhara khIMcA aura dakSiNa kara ke karatala se apanI ThuDDI para pUrI zakti se prahAra kiyaa| unakI jihvA kaTa gii| ve pRthvI para gira par3e aura / samAdhipUrvaka unhoMne svargArohaNa kiyaa| isa muni-hatyA ke jaghanya kukRtya ke uparAnta bhI usa nRpAdhama ajayadeva kI kSudhA zAnta nahIM huI aura vaha mahAn gujarAta kA nirmANa karane vAle divaMgata mahAmAtya udayana ke mahAdAnI, mahAmedhAvI aura mahAn zauryazAlI yoddhA putra AmrabhaTTa ko yamadhAma pahuMcAne ke avasara kI Toha meM rahane lgaa| gurjarAdhIza ajayadeva dvArA prAmrabhaTTa kI hatyA kA upakrama gujarAta ke mahA yazasvI mahAmAtya udayana kA putra AmrabhaTTa apane samaya kA eka apratima yoddhA evaM senApati thA / gujarAta ke mahAdAniyoM meM usakI sarvopari gaNanA kI jAtI thii| paramArhata mahArAjA kumArapAla kA vaha vizvAsapAtra senAnI thaa| usane aneka yuddhoM meM vijaya prApta kara gurjara rAjya kI zrIvRddhi evaM sImAvRddhi kii| jinazAsana ke prati usakI zraddhA pragAr3ha evaM stutya thii| AcAryazrI hemacandra evaM kumArapAla kA vaha pragADha prItipAtra thaa| isI kAraNa mahArAjA ajayadeva usase sadA asantuSTa rahatA thaa| eka dina ajayadeva ke cATukAroM ne ajayadeva se kahA :-"mahArAja ! Apake hI anna se palane vAlA AmrabhaTTa Apako kabhI praraNAma nahIM krtaa|" saMyoga kI bAta thI ki kAryavazAt senApati aAmrabhaTTa rAjasabhA meM mahArAjA ajayadeva ke samakSa upasthita huA / cATukAra mantriyoM ne senApatti pAmrabhaTTa se kahA :- "senApate ! Apake samakSa gurjarezvara rAjasiMhAsana para virAjamAna haiN| inheM praNAma kro|" svAbhimAnI AmrabhaTTa ne tatkAla gambhIra svara meM uttara diyA :-"yaha AmrabhaTTa deva buddhi se vItarAga bhagavAn ko, guru ke rUpa meM maharSi hemacandrAcArya ko aura svAmibhAva se mahArAja kumArapAla ko hI isa janma meM namaskAra kregaa| anya kisI ko nhiiN|" AmrabhaTTa kI isa sAhasapUrNa spaSTokti ko sunate hI ajayadeva ke krodha kA pArAvAra na rhaa| usane uttejita svara meM kahA :-"to phira ho jAyo yuddha ke liye taiyAra / " AmrabhaTTa tatkAla vidyudvega se apane AvAsa kI ora lauTa pdd'aa| jinezvaradeva kI pratimA ko namana karane ke anantara usane AjIvana anazana vrata aMgIkAra kiyA evaM apane muTThIbhara sainikoM ke sAtha sannaddha ho rAjaprAsAda kI ora lauTA aura mahArAjA ajayadeva ke aMgarakSakoM para TUTa pdd'aa| kSaNa bhara meM hI rAja
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] ajayadeva [ 447 prAsAda raNAMgaNa bana gyaa| aneka yoddhAnoM kA saMhAra kara grAmrabhaTTa apanI pAna kI rakSA karatA huA anta meM apane hAthoM hI mRtyu kA varaNa kara paralokavAsI ho gyaa| gurjarAdhIza ajayadeva kI hatyA isa prakAra ajayadeva ke atyAcAroM se gurjara rAjya kI prajA trasta ho uThI loka meM nimnalikhita nItisUkti bar3I lokapriya hai :-- tribhirvarSe stribhirmAsai stribhiH pakSastribhidinaiH / atyugrapuNyapApAnAmihaiva phalamaznute / / 34 / / arthAt isa martyaloka meM pratyutkaTa bhAva se kiye gaye mahAn puNya evaM ghora pApa kA phala usa prANi ko tIna varSa, tIna mAsa, tIna pakSa athavA tIna dinoM kI avadhi meM hI yahAM isa dharatI para hI mila jAtA hai / ___ isa nIti sUkti ke anurUpa atyAcArI mahArAjA ajayadeva ke dvArA kiye gaye ghora duSkRtyoM kA phala tIna varSa ke andara-andara hI use mila gayA / ajayadeva ke eka vaijaladeva nAmaka pratihAra athavA aMgarakSaka ne ajayadeva ke udara meM churA bhauMka kara usakA prANAnta kara diyaa| isa prakAra apane tIna varSa ke atyAcArI zAsanakAla meM hI ajayadeva ko apane pApoM kA phala prApta ho gyaa| . ___ apane tIna varSa ke atyAcArapUrNa zAsana ke samApta hote-hote gurjarAdhipati ajayadeva kI hatyA kara diye jAne ke anantara usake alpavayaska bar3e putra mUlarAja (dvitIya) ko anahilapura pattana ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna kiyA gyaa| ajayadeva kI vidhavA mahArAnI rAjamAtA nAyakIdevI ne vizAla gurjara rAjya kI saMrakSikA ke rUpa meM zAsana kI bAgaDora apane hAthoM meM samhAlI / nAyakIdevI goyA ke kadambavaMzI mahArAjA paramardin kI putrI thii| usane gurjara rAjya kI prajA ko suzAsana dene ke sAtha-sAtha gurjara rAjya ko eka zaktizAlI rAjya banAne ke bhI prayAsa kiye| vi0 saM0 1225 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1705 tathA I0 1178 meM gaura ke sulatAna mohammada gaurI ne gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyaa| gujarAta kI rAjamAtA nAikIdevI ne apane bAlavaya ke putra mUlarAja (dvitIya) ko apanI goda meM biThA gUrjara rAjya kI senA kA netRtva karate hae mohammada gaurI ke sammukha bar3hakara usa para bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyaa| prAbU parvata ke aMcala meM avasthita gADarAraghaTTa nAmaka ghATe meM donoM senAnoM ke bIca tumula yuddha huaa| rAjamAtA nAyakIdevI ne raNAMgaNa kI agrima paMkti para zatrusenA kA saMhAra karate hue adbhut sAhasa aura zaurya ke sAtha gurjara rAjya kI senA kA kuzalatApUrvaka saMcAlana kiyaa| prakRti ne bhI muktahasta ho
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________________ 448 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-~-bhAga 4 rAjamAtA kI sahAyatA kii| mUsalAdhAra varSA meM yuddha kI anabhyasta zatrusenA ke raNAMgaNa se paira ukhar3a gaye / rAjamAtA nAyakIdevI ne apane yoddhAnoM kA utsAha bar3hAte hue zatrusenA para pralayaMkara prahAra kiye / gaurI kI senA prANa bacA ulTe pAMvoM bhAga khar3I huI / zahAbuddIna gaurI bhI gurjara senA ke zastrAghAtoM se ghAyala ho apanI bacI senA ke sAtha gaura kI ora lauTa gyaa|' yahAM yaha itihAsaruci pratyeka vijJa ke liye vicAraNIya hai ki jainadharma ke prati zatAbdiyoM se pragAr3ha niSThA rakhane vAle kadamba rAjavaMza kI rAjakumArI aura "paramArhat" viruda se vibhUSita evaM ahiMsA ke sakriya paramopAsaka gurjarezvara kumArapAla kI putravadhu nAyakIdevI ne muhammada gaurI jaise durdAnta videzI AtatAyI ko apane sAhasa, zaurya evaM raNakauzala se yuddha meM parAsta tathA ghAyala kara ahiMsA ke gauravazAlI samunnata bhAla para kAyaratA kI kalaMka-kAlimA kI chAyA taka na par3ane dii| yuddha meM gurjararAjya kI jaya aura muhammada gaurI kI parAjaya ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt gujarAta ke bAlaka mahArAjA mUlarAja kI usI varSa vi0 saM0 1235 meM prAkRtika mRtyu ke anantara usake choTe bhAI bhIma (dvitIya) ko gurjara rAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna kiyA gyaa| rAjyArohaNa ke samaya mahArAjA bhIma kI zaizavAvasthA thii| mAlavarAja subhaTavarmana ne ise gujarAta vijaya kA svarNima avasara samajhakara eka zaktizAlI senA le gujarAta kI ora prayANa kiyA / caroM ke mAdhyama se subhaTavarmana ke gujarAta kI ora bar3hane ke samAcAra sunakara mahArAja bhIma kA pradhAnAmAtya usake sammukha jA gujarAta kI sImA para usase milA aura merutugasUri dvArA apanI aitihAsika kRti prabandhacintAmaNi meM kiye gaye ullekha ke anusAra usane mAlavapati subhaTavarmana se kahA : 1. (ka) saM0 1233 pUrvavarSa 1 bAlamUlarAjena rAjyaM kRtamasya mAtrA nAikidevyA parama. dibhUpasutayotsaMge zizu nidhAya gADarAraghaTTanAmani ghATe saMgrAmaM kurvatyA mleccharAjA tatsattvAdakAlAgatajaladapaTalasAhAyyena vijigye / . -prabandhacintAmaNi, pRSTha 156,-(merutaMgasUriracita) (kha) rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, khaNDa 1 (aojhA), pRSTha 176 aura 271 (ga) iliyaTa, hisTrI Apha iMDiyA, volyUma 2, pRSTha 226-30 (gha) In A.D. 1178 Mu'izzudin Muhammad Ghuri attacked the King dom of Gujarat. Naikidevi, "taking her son (Mularaja) in her lap" led the chalukya army against the muslims and defeated them at Gadaraghatta near the foot of Mt. Abu. -The History & Culture of the Indian People. The Struggle for Empire. (Vol. V.) By R.C. Majumdar, Page 78.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] ajayadeva [ 446 pratApo rAjamArtaNDa, pUrvasyAmeva rAjate / sa eva vilayaM yAti, pazcimAzAvalambinaH / / arthAt--he pUrva dizA ke svAmin subhaTavarmana ! sUrya jaba taka pUrva dizA meM rahatA hai, usakA pracaNDa prakAza uttarottara bar3hatA jAtA hai kintu madhyAnha velA ke anantara jaba vaha pazcima dizA kI ora unmukha hotA hai to usakA teja kramazaH ghaTatA hI jAtA hai aura antatogatvA dharAtala hI nahIM apitu gagana-maNDala se bhI tirohita ho jAtA hai| pUrva ke svAmI kI pazcima vijaya kI AzA vastutaH usake vinAza kA kAraNa bnegii| gurjara rAjya ke pradhAnAmAtya kI isa vyAjokti se subhaTavarmana ke mana meM aneka prakAra ke vicAra utpanna hue aura sambhavataH gujarAta kI sazakta senA ke sAtha vigraha meM lAbha kI apekSA hAni kI adhika AzaMkA se subhaTavarmana binA yuddha kiye hI apane rAjya kI ora lauTa gyaa| isa sambandha meM prabandha cintAmaNi kA nimnalikhita ullekha draSTavya hai : "saM0 1235 pUrvavarSa 63 zrI bhImadevena rAjyaM kRtamasmin rAjJi rAjyaM kurvANe zrI sohar3anAmA (subhaTa kA vikRta svarUpa) mAlavabhUpatigurjaradeza vidhvaMsanAya sImAntamAgatastatpradhAnena sammukhaM gatvetyavAdi"......." iti viruddhAM tagiramAkarNya sa pazcAnivavRte / ............" isake viparIta labdhapratiSTha itihAsajJa Ara. sI. majUmadAra kA abhimata hai ki subhaTavarmana paramAra ne ajayapAla ke bAda gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyaa| usane bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina mandiroM ko lUTA, jinameM pramukha the damoI aura khambhAta ke jaina mandira / subhaTavarmana apanI senA ke sAtha somanAtha bhI pahuMcA / para use gujarAta ke rAjA bhIma ke sAmanta zrIdhara ne Age bar3hane se rokaa| anta meM gurjarapati bhIma kA sAmanta (anahilapattana se 10 mIla dUra vyAghrapallI kA svAmI) aura pradhAnamantrI lavaNa prasAda yuddha meM subhaTavarmana ke samakSa prA DaTA aura bhISaNa tumula yuddha ke anantara lavaNa prasAda ne subhaTavarmana ko gujarAta se bAhara khader3a mAlavA kI aora bhagA diyaa| vi0 saM0 1235 se vi0 saM0 1268 taka ke apane 63 varSoM ke zAsanakAla meM gurjarezvara bhIma ko paramArhat mahArAjA kumArapAla ke mausere bhAI sAmanta pAnAka bhUpa' ke putra lavaNaprasAda aura usake (lavaNaprasAda ke) ke putra vIra dhavala se, choTI 1. atha kadAcidAnAkanAmA mAtRSvasIyastatsevAguNa tuSTena rAjJA dattasAmanta pado'pi tathaiva sevamAnaH"....." / -prabandhacintAmaNi, pRSTha 154
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________________ 450 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 athavA bar3I sabhI prakAra kI saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM bar3I hI ullekhanIya sahAyatAeM prApta hotI rhiiN| bAharI AkramaNoM se ina donoM pitA-putra ne gujarAta kI rakSA kii| lavaNa prasAda bhIma ke zAsana ke antima dasa varSoM ko chor3a vi0 saM0 1288 taka lagabhaga 53 varSa paryanta cAlukyarAja ke prazAsana kA pradhAna banA rhaa| vi0 saM0 1288 meM usake sevA nivRtta hone para vIra dhavala sampUrNa gurjara rAjya kA eka prakAra se rAjA tulya sarvopari zAsaka bana gayA / 2 zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke 50 veM paTTadhara AcAryazrI vijayaRSi ke prAcAryakAla kI rAjanaitika sthiti kA saMkSepa meM digdarzana karAte hue yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki mahamUda gajanavI ke dehAvasAna ke anantara usake putra-pautra Adi gajanI kI sattA hathiyAne ke prayAsa meM paraspara lar3a-bhir3a kara nirbala bana gaye aura vi0 saM0 1034 meM subuktagIna gajanavI dvArA sthApita gajanI kA rAjya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA anta hone se pUrva hI samApta ho gayA / mahamUda kI mRtyu ke pazcAt gajanI kI lar3akhar3AtI saltanata kI isa kamajorI kA lAbha uThA kara gajanI rAjya ke aneka sAmanta svatantra ho gaye aura uttarI bhArata ke aneka rAjAoM ne sammilita prayAsa ke saMkalpa ke sAtha musalamAnoM ke zAsana ko sindha aura paMjAba se samApta kara dene kA nizcaya kiyaa| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai dillI ke tatkAlIna tomaravaMzI rAjA ne bhArata ke pazcimI pradeza sindha se kucha samaya ke liye islAmI hukUmata ko samApta bhI kara diyaa| usa avadhi meM ajamera basAne vAle ajayadeva ne musalamAnoM ko yuddha meM parAsta kiyaa| tadanantara ajayadeva ke putra arNorAja ke zAsanakAla meM musalamAnoM ne eka sazakta evaM vizAla senA le ajamera para AkramaNa kiyaa| puSkara ko naSTa karane ke pazcAt puSkara kI ghATI ko lAMgha kara musalamAnoM kI vaha senA ajamera ke ekadama samIpa usa sthAna para A pahuMcI, jahAM isa samaya AnAsAgara vidyamAna hai| arNorAja ne musalamAnoM kI senA kA bhISaNa rUpa se saMhAra kara usako bar3I karArI hAra dii| usa aitihAsika yuddha meM vijaya prApta karane ke pazcAt arNorAja ne yaha nizcaya kiyA ki jisa jisa sthAna para musalamAnoM kA rakta girA hai, vaha saba bhUmi apavitra ho gaI hai / ataH isa apavitra huI bhUmi ko pavitra karane ke liye isakI jala se zuddhi kI jaay| isa prakAra nizcaya kara aNorAja ne usa yuddha-bhUmi meM eka vizAla evaM gaharA tAlAba khudavA kara usa para cUne aura patthara kI sudRr3ha pAja (pAla) banavA kara use eka aisA cirasthAyI banavA diyA ki usa bhUmi meM sadA 2. Shortly after A. D. 1231 Lvavanprasad retired and Vir Dhavala became the De facto ruler of Gajarat. -Struggle for Empire, p. 80 By. R. C. Majumdar
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] ajayadeva [ 451 athAha jala bharA rahe / tAlAba ke nirmANa ke pazcAt arNorAja ne apane nAma para usa vizAla sarovara kA nAma AnAsAgara rakhA, jo ATha-nau zatAbdiyoM ke vyatIta ho jAne para bhI adyAvadhi ajamera meM vidyamAna hai| arNorAja (AnA) ke putra bIsaladeva (vigraharAja caturtha) ne bhI AryadharA ko videzI zAsana se mukta karAne kA abhiyAna prArambha rakhA / dillI meM avasthita azoka ke zilAlekha zivAlika stambha para uTaiMkita bIsaladeva ke vi0 saM0 1220 ke nimnalikhita padyoM se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki use (bIsaladeva ko) apane isa abhiyAna meM ullekhanIya saphalatA prApta huI / ve padya isa prakAra haiM : AvidhyAdAhimAdreviracita vijayastIrthayAtrAprasaMgA___ dudgroveSu prahartA nRpatiSu vinamatkandhareSu prasannaH / AryAvarta yathArtha punarapi kRtavAnmlecchavicchedanAbhi rdevaH zAkaMbharIndro jagati vijayate vIsalakSoNipAlaH / / brUte saMprati cAhamAnatilakaH zAkaMbharIbhUpati: zrImadvigraharAja eSa vijayI saMtAnajAnAtmanaH / / arthAt-jisane vindhya parvata se lekara himAlaya parvatarAja paryanta ke bhU-bhAga para apanI digvijaya yAtrA karate hue yatra-tatra sarvatra apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharA kara uddaNDoM kI grIvAoM para prahAra aura vinamrabhAva se usake zAsana-anuzAsana ko svIkAra karane vAloM para apane kRpAprasAda ke rUpa meM sukha-sampAdAnoM kI varSA kara AryadharA ko mlecchavihIna banA sampUrNa AryAvarta ko punaH yathArtha rUpa meM AryAvarta arthAt AryoM kI bhUmi banA diyA, vaha zAkaMbharIzvara, pRthvIpAla bIsaladeva sadA-sadA jayavanta rheN| cauhAna-kula-tilaka, zAkaMbharI ke rAjAdhirAja, vijaya zrI vigraharAja apane AtmIya AryoM ko kaha rahe haiM / ..........." . ina vigraharAja (bIsaladeva caturtha) ke rAjakavi somadeva dvArA racita lalita vigraharAja nATaka meM bhI uparilikhita padyoM ke tathyoM kI puSTi kI gaI hai| isa nATaka ke katipaya aMza vizAla zilAoM para uTaiMkita haiM, jo ajamera ke rAjapUtAnA myUjiyama meM adyAvadhi surakSita evaM upalabdha haiM / lalitavigraharAja nATaka meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki bIsaladeva ke zAsanakAla meM musalamAnoM kI senAeM babberA-vartamAna rUpanagara (kizanagar3ha kSetrAntargata) taka pahuMca gaI thiiN| bIsaladeva ne unheM yuddha meM parAsta kara musalamAnoM ko bhArata se bAhara nikAlane ke lakSya se apanI vijayinI senAoM ke sAtha uttara kI ora prayANa kiyaa| isa sainika abhiyAna meM bIsaladeva ne dillI aura hAMsI ke ilAke apane rAjya meM sammilita kiye aura AryAvarta ke eka bar3e bhAga se musalamAnoM ko nikAla diyaa|
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________________ 452 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 isa prakAra bhArata ke rAjAoMoM meM kucha samaya ke liye thor3I bahuta rAjanaitika cetanA AI kintu videzI prAtatAiyoM ke hAthoM huI bhAratIya rAjAnoM evaM bhAratIya prajA kI dayanIya durdazA ke uparAnta bhI sArvabhauma sattA sampanna rASTravyApI sudRr3ha kendrIya zAsana kI sthApanA meM bhAratavAsI pUrNataH asaphala hI rahe / sazakta kendrIya prabhusattA ke prabhAva kA duSpariNAma yaha huA ki bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM ke choTebar3e rAjA paraspara lar3a-bhir3a kara kamajora hote gaye / dUsarI ora Apasa meM lar3a-bhir3a kara azakta banI gajanI kI hukUmata mahamUda gajanavI ke antima uttarAdhikArI baharAmazAha ke zAsanakAla meM jisa samaya lar3akhar3A rahI thI, usa samaya gaura ke sulatAna saiphuddIna gaurI ke bhAI allAuddIna husaina gaurI ne gajanI para AkramaNa kara use apane adhikAra meM le liyA / baharAma gajanI se bhAga kara lAhaura meM A rahA / vi0 saM 1206 meM baharAma kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra khusarozAha lAhora ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / khusarozAha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra khusaro malika lAhora kA svAmI banA aura vi0 saM0 1237 meM zahAbuddIna muhammada gaurI ne khusaromalika ko yuddha meM parAsta kara lAhora para bhI adhikAra kara liyA / isa prakAra mahamUda gajanavI dvArA saMsthApita gajanavI rAjya kA dharAtala se nAmonizAna taka uTha gayA / saiphuddIna ke marane para usakA cacerA bhAI gayAsuddIna muhammada gaurI gora kI saltanata kA svAmI banA / usane apane choTe bhAI zahAbuddIna gaurI ko gajanI kA prazAsaka niyukta kiyA / gajanI kA hAkima banate hI zahAbuddIna gaurI ne kramazaH mulatAna aura bhaTiMDe para AkramaNa kara una donoM ko apane adhikAra meM le liyA / AryadharA para bar3hate hue zahAbuddIna gaurI ko bhArata se bAhara nikAlane ke lakSya se pRthvIrAja cauhAna ne eka bar3I senA aura aneka bhAratIya rAjAoM ke sAtha ajamera se prayANa kara thANezvara ke nikaTa tarAina meM zahAbuddIna gaurI kI senAoM para vi0 saM0 1248 meM bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyA / tarAina ke yuddha meM pRthvIrAja cauhAna ne zahAbuddIna gaurI ko burI taraha parAjita kiyA / zahAbuddIna gaurI gambhIra rUpa se ghAyala ho apanI bacI-khucI senA ke sAtha raNabhUmi chor3a bhAga nikalA / lAhaura meM apane ghAvoM kI cikitsA karAne ke pazcAt zahAbuddIna gajanI calA gayA / pRthvIrAja cauhAna ne vi0 saM0 1246 meM tabarahiMda - bhaTiMDe ke kile para AkramaNa kara use ghera liyA / bhaTiMDe ke hAkima jiyAuddIna ne apanI senA ke sAtha kile meM rahate hue lagabhaga 13 mAsa taka kile kI rakSA kI kintu anta meM use cupacApa kilA khAlI kara bhAga jAnA par3A / vi0 saM0 1250 meM zahAbuddIna gaurI eka vizAla sazakta senA le dUsarI bAra bhArata para car3ha AyA / thAraNezvara ke pAsa pRthvIrAja cauhAna aura zahAbuddIna
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ajayadeva [ 453 gaurI kI senAoM ke bIca ghamAsAna yuddha huA / isa yuddha meM zahAbuddIna gaurI ne pRthvIrAja cauhAna ko bandI banA liyA aura kucha hI mAsa pazcAt use mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA / zahAbuddIna gaurI ne pRthvIrAja ke putra govindarAja ko apanI adhInatA svIkAra karavA ajamera ke rAjasiMhAsana para biThAyA / pRthvIrAja ke bhAI harirAja ne videzI AtatAyI kI adhInatA svIkAra karane vAle apane bhrAtRja govindarAja se ajamera kA rAjya chIna liyA aura svayaM ajamera ke siMhAsana para AsIna huA / govindarAja raNathambhaura meM jA rahA aura vahAM rAjya karane lagA / vi0 saM0 1250 ( vIra ni0 saM0 1720 ) meM zahAbuddIna gaurI ke turka jAti ke gulAma kutubuddIna aibaka ne ajamera rAjya ke adhInastha bhAga - dillI para adhikAra kara liyA / usI samaya se dillI eka prakAra se anaupacArikarUpeNa bhArata meM muslima rAjya kI rAjadhAnI bana gii| ajamera ke rAjA harirAja ne apane senApati catararAya ko eka bar3I senA dekara kutubuddIna ko dillI se bhagA dene kA Adeza diyA / aibaka ke sAtha hue yuddha meM harirAja kI senA parAjita huI aura catararAya apanI bacI zeSa senA ke sAtha nirAza ho ajamera lauTa AyA / vi0 saM0 1252 meM kutubuddIna aibaka ne ajamera para AkramaNa kara harirAja ko yuddha meM parAjita kara ajamera para adhikAra kara liyA aura vahAM apane vizvAsapAtra muslima adhikArI ko ajamera kA hAkima niyukta kara vaha dillI lauTa gayA / isa prakAra pratApI cauhAna rAjavaMza ke rAjya kI samApti ke sAtha hI usa samaya usake adhInastha mevAr3a rAjya ke mAMDalagar3ha se pUrva ke pUre bhAga para musalamAnoM kA adhikAra ho gayA / isase pUrva hI zahAbuddIna gaurI ne gaharavAra rAjA jayacanda se kannauja aura banArasa kA rAjya chIna kara usa para apanA adhikAra kara liyA thA / ] ajamera para adhikAra kara lene ke anantara muslima rAjya ke vistAra ke lie kutubuddIna ne vi0 saM0 1252 meM gujarAta para car3hAI kara vahAM lUTa mAra karanA prArambha kiyA / usa samaya gujarAta rAjya kI AtatAyiyoM se rakSA karane ke liye gurjararAja bhIma (dvitIya) ke zaktizAlI sAmanta evaM pradhAnAmAtya bAghelA vIra dhavala ne apanI dUradarzitApUrNa adbhut rAjanaitika sUjha-bUjha se kAma liyA / vIra dhavala ne meroM ko vipu nika sahAyatA ke sAtha-sAtha bar3I dhanarAzi dekara unake sAtha kutubuddIna para aura usake rAjya ke aneka bhAgoM para prAkramaraNa kiyA / isa apratyAzita cahuMmukhI prAMkramaNa ne kutubuddIna ko Age bar3hane ke sthAna para pIche kI ora haTane evaM ajamera ke gar3ha meM zaraNa lene ke liye bAdhya kara diyA / meroM ne usake ajamera ke gar3ha ko bhI ghera liyA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa kutubuddIna ko kaI mAsa taka gar3ha meM ghire rahanA par3A / antatogatvA zahAbuddIna gaurI ne gajanI se naI senA bheja kara gherA uThavAyA / vi0 saM0 1263 meM zahAbuddIna gaurI lAhaura se gajanI kI ora lauTate samaya dhameka ke pAsa gakkharoM ke hAtha se mArA gayA aura usakA bhatIjA gayAsuddIna
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________________ 454 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 mahamUda gora kA sulatAna bnaa| usI varSa vikrama samvat 1263 meM kutubuddIna aibaka ne gora ke naye sulatAna gayAsuddIna se sabhI prakAra ke rAjacinha prApta kara liye aura vidhivat dillI ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThakara apane Apako hindustAna kA pahalA musalamAna sulatAna ghoSita kiyaa| vi0 saM0 1267 meM ghor3e se gira jAne ke kAraNa kutubuddIna aibaka lAhaura meM mara gayA aura usakA putra ArAmazAha dillI ke takhta para baitthaa| kucha samaya pazcAt usI varSa meM kutubuddIna ke gulAma zamazuddIna altamasa ne ArAmazAha ko dillI ke takhta se cyuta kara diyA aura vaha svayaM dillI kA sulatAna bana gyaa| ___ zamazuddIna altamasa ne dillI ke takhta para AsIna hone ke anantara aneka rAjyoM para AkramaNa kiye| usane raNathambhaura, sAMbhara, savAlaka, maNDaura aura jAlaura para car3hAiyAM kI aura yuddha meM vijaya prApta kara ina rAjyoM ke rAjAoM ko apanA vazavartI rAjA banAyA / usane mevAr3a rAjya para bhI AkramaNa kiyA kintu jyoMhI usane nAgadA nagara ko dhvasta kiyA, tyoMhI mevAr3a ke tatkAlIna rAjA jaitrasiMha ne usa para bhISaNa pratyAkramaNa kara use yuddha meM burI taraha parAsta kara diyaa| apane jana-dhana kI bhISaraNa kSati evaM parAjaya se prapIr3ita ho zamazuddIna altamasa apanI bacI-khucI senA ke sAtha mevAr3a se bhAga khar3A huA / jaitrasiMha se parAjita hone ke pazcAt zamazuddIna altamasa ne apane jIvanakAla meM rAjapUtAne kI aora muha taka nahIM kiyaa|
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________________ kharataragaccha [vedAbhrAruNa (1204) kAla auSTrika mato............] (vIra nirvANa samvat 1550 evaM 1674) jaina saMgha meM purAtanakAla se lekara vartamAna yuga taka samaya-samaya para kitane gaNoM, gacchoM, sampradAyoM, choTe-bar3e saMghoM, grAmnAyoM, paramparAoM Adi ke rUpa meM pRthak-pRthak ikAiyoM athavA vibhedoM kA prAdurbhAva huA, una sabakA paricaya dene kI bAta to dUra, unakI gaNanA karanA bhI vastutaH eka ati duSkara kArya hai / isa prakAra kI viSama sthiti ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vartamAna kAla meM jitane gaccha gatizIla haiM, kevala unakA hI yathAzakya vizuddha rUpa se paricaya dekara hameM santoSa karanA hogaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aja jitane gaccha vidyamAna haiM, unameM sabase prAcIna gaccha kauna-sA hai tathA kisa gaccha ne jinazAsana ke abhyudaya-utthAna meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA, yaha vastutaH eka gahana zodha kA viSaya hai| isa viSaya meM nitAnta niSpakSa dRSTi se upalabdha aitihAsika sAmagrI ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke jitane gaccha gatizIla haiM, unameM varddhamAnasUri evaM unake yazasvI ziSya jinezvarasUri ke adbhuta sAhasa ke pariNAmasvarUpa vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM prakaTa huaA aura kAlAntara meM 'kharataragaccha' ke nAma se vikhyAta huaA 'kharA' gaccha sarvAdhika prAcIna gaccha hai / sarvAdhika prAcIna hone ke sAtha-sAtha 'kharA gaccha' ne jinazAsana ke abhyudaya-utthAna ke liye aura bAhyADambaroM ke ghaTATopa se pAcchanna jaina dharma ke vAstavika prAgamika svarUpa ko katipaya aMzoM meM punaH prakAza meM lAne kI dizA meM bhI aisA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa, ullekhanIya evaM aitihAsika yogadAna diyA, jo jainadharma ke itihAsa meM sadA sarvadA svarNAkSaroM meM likhA jAtA rhegaa| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI aura upAdhyAya dharmasAgara gaNi dvArA racita 'pravacana parIkSA' nAmaka grantha meM vikrama samvat 1204 meM kharataragaccha kI utpatti ke ullekha haiN|' kintu ina ullekhoM meM sAmpradAyika pUrvAbhiniveza ke puTa ke sAtha gacchavyAmoha kI gandha kA suspaSTarUpeNa AbhAsa hotA hai / 1. (ka) ......"zrI ajitadevasUriH tatsamaye vikrama samvat 1204 khrtrotpttiH| paTTA valI samuccaya, bhAga 1, pRSTha 56 aura 154 / (kha) jinavallabha nAmA citrakUTe SaTkalyANaka prarUpaNayA pravidhisaMghaM sthApitavAn, tatsampradAyaH kharatara vyavahrIyate vikramAt 1204 varSe jAtaH / vahI pRSTha 166 / (ga) vedAbhrAruNa (1204) kAla pauSTrika bhvo..| pravacana parIkSA bhAga 1, pRSTha 323 / (gha) vikrama samvat 1204 varSa pattane pauSadhazAli vanavAsinovivAde ..........."dekho paTaTAvalI samuccaya pRSTha 56 kA TippaNa /
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________________ 456 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-4 sAmpratakAlIna sakriya sabhI pramukha gacchoM meM kharataragaccha ke sarvAdhika prAcIna hone ke kAraNa kyA haiM aura kharataragaccha ne jinazAsana kI kisa rUpa meM ullekhanIya evaM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa sevA kI ina do tathyoM athavA pakSoM para sarvaprathama prakAza DAlane kA yahAM prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| * yazasvI kharataragaccha ke viruddha viSa vamana karane vAle ullekhoM meM bhale hI ise "pauSTrika gaccha'", "cAmuMDika gacchara" aura "kharatara gaccha" atizayena khara (kharatara) iti vyutpatyA mahAn gardabhaH ugrataro vA bhaNyate Adi azobhanIya upamAoM athavA saMjJAoM se abhihita karate hue kahA ho ki dravya sAdhu jinadatta (dAdA jinadattasUri) se hI vikrama samvat 1204 meM kharataragaccha pracalita huA aura pauSTika gaccha, cAmuDika gaccha evaM kharataragaccha ye tInoM nAma jinadattasUri ke samaya se hI pracalita hue, kintu puSTa pramANoM se paripuSTa vAstavikatA yaha hai ki vikrama samvat 1080 meM jaba pATaNapati cAlukyarAja durlabhasena kI rAjya sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri kA zAstrArtha huaA thA, usa samaya jinezvarasUri kI AgamAnurUpa yuktiyoM aura Agama sammata vicAroM ko sunakara evaM unake dvArA caityavAsiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara diye jAne se prabhAvita hokara cAlukyarAja durlabhasena ne varddhamAnasUri, jinezvarasUri Adi kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue kahA thA "ye khare haiM" tabhI se yadyadAcarati zreSThastattadevetaro janaH / sa yatpramANaM kurute, lokastadanuvartate / / zrImadbhAgavadgItA kI isa sUkti ke anusAra rAjA kA anukaraNa karate hue logoM ne bhI varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya-parivAra sAdhu, sAdhvI samUha ke liye 'ye khare haiM' 'ye khare haiM' kahanA prArambha kara diyaa| isa prakAra isa sAdhu-sAdhvI samudAya ko loga prArambha meM kharA zuddha, saccA, kasauTI para khare utare sone ke samAna kharA vizeSaNa ke sAtha sambodhita karane laga gaye the| yaha koI viruda athavA upAdhiparaka zabda nahIM apitu zlAghAtmaka zabda thA / isI kAraNa buddhisAgarasUri, jinacandrasUri, abhayadevasUri, mahAvIra cariyaM ke racanAkAra guNacandra gariNa Adi pUrvavartI granthakAroM ne apane granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM varddhamAnasUri ke samaya meM prAdurbhUta athavA pracalita sAdhu sAdhvI saMgaThana (samUha) ke liye kahIM kharA athavA kharatara vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| 1. pravacana parIkSA, bhAga 1, pRSTha 268, 2. (vahI) pRSTha 267 3. (vahI) pRSTha 286
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________________ . sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 457 kAlAntara meM cAlukyarAja durlabharAja dvArA pUrI taraha parIkSaNa ke anantara varddhamAnasUri ke paTTadhara ziSya jinezvarasUri evaM unake sAdhu samUha ke liye prazaMsA ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA gayA "kharA ati kharA" yaha zabda varddhamAnasUri dvArA prArambha kiye gaye gaccha ke liye "kharataragaccha' ke rUpa meM loka meM rUDha ho gyaa| varddhamAnasUri dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye suvihita zramaNa paramparA ke gaccha ke liye uttarakAlavartI jina-jina pramukha granthakAroM athavA lekhakoM dvArA jo kharA ati kharA athavA kharatara vizeSaNa athavA viruda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, usakA vivaraNa itihAsa meM viziSTa abhiruci rakhane vAle pAThakoM ke lAbhArtha yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : 1. vRddhAcArya prabandhAvali ke jinezvarasUri prabandha meM etadviSayaka ullekha isa prakAra hai : "to jiNesarasUri, gaccha nAyago viharamANo vasuhaM aNahillapura paTTaNe go| tatthaculasIgacchavAsigo bhaTTAragA davaliMgiNo maDhavaiNo ceiyavAsigo pAsai / pAsittA jiNa sAsaNunnaikae siri dullaharAya sabhAe vAyaM kayaM / dasa saya cauvIse (1080) vacchare te pAyariyA macchariNo hAriyA / jiNesarasUriNA jiyaM / rannA tuDheNa kharatara iti virudaM dinna / to paraM kharatara gaccho jaao|"1 2. AcArAMgadIpikA kI prazasti meM kharataragaccha ke mUla prAcArya varddhamAnasUri ke guru araNyacArI zrI udyotanasUri kA bhI kharataragaccha ke pUrvAcArya ke rUpa meM smaraNa karate hue likhA hai : gacchaH kharatarasteSu, samasti svastibhAjanam / yatrAbhUvanguNajuSo, guravo gatakalmaSAH // 1 // zrImAnudyotanaH sUrirvarddhamAno jinezvaraH / jinacandro'bhayadevo, navAMgavRttikArakaH / / 2 // 3. upadeza saptatikA meM zrI ratnazekharasUri ke AcAryakAla meM somasundarasUri ke praziSya tathA upAdhyAya cAritra ratna ke ziSya paM0 somadharma gaNi ne kharataragaccha kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai : purA zrI pattane rAjyaM, kurvANe bhIma bhUpatau / abhUvana bhUtalakhyAtAH, zrI jinezvara sUrayaH / / zrImadabhayadevAkhyAsteSAM paTTe didIpire / yebhyaH pratiSThAmApanno, gacchaH kharatarAbhidhaH / / 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI, pRSTha 60
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________________ 458 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 4 4. Atma prabodha (141) meM likhA hai : "vaikrama samvat 1080 zrI pattane vAdino jitvA "kharataretyAkhyaM virudaM prApte jinezvarasUriNA pravartite gacche / " 5. zrI yazo vijayajI dvArA racita aSTaka (32) meM jinezvarasUri ko caityavAsiyoM para zAstrArtha meM vijayazrI prApta kara lene ke upalakSa meM pattanapati cAlukyarAja dvArA "kharatara' viruda pradAna kiye jAne kA ullekha isa rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai : AsIttatpAdapaMkajaikamadhukRt, zrI varddhamAnAbhidhaH, sUristasya jinezvarAkhyagaNabhRjjAto vineyottamaH / yaH prApat zivasiddhipaMkti (saM0 1080) zaradi, zrI pattane vAdino, jitvA sadvirudaM kRtI kharatare tyAkhyAM nRpAdemukhAt / / 6. upAdhyAya zrI kSamA kalyANa dvArA vikrama samvat 1830 meM racita gurvAvalI meM zrI dAna sAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra, bIkAnera zrI pUjyajI kA upAsarA, po0 10, grantha 152, patra 20 meM kharataragaccha kI sthApanA ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullekha upalabdha hai : "............tataH zAstrAviruddhAcAradarzanena jinezvarasUrimuddizya "ati kharA ete" iti rAjJA proktam / tata evaM kharatara virudaM labdhaM / tathA caityavAsino hi parAjayaprApaNAt kuvalA iti nAmadheyaM praaptaaH| evaM ca suvihita pakSadhArakAH zrI jinezvara sUrayo vikramataH 1080 varSe kharatara virudadhArakAH jAtAH / " suvihita nAma se pUrva kAla meM suvikhyAta zramaNa paramparA ke AcAra-vicAra kI paripoSikA zrI varddhamAnasUri se pracalita zramaraNa-zramaNI paramparA ko araNahillapura pATaNa pati mahArAjA durlabharAja ne kharatara, atIva kharA, doSa vihIna viruda se pratipAdita karane vAle uparivariNata sabhI chahoM ullekha na kevala jinezvarasUri ke hI uttaravartI kAla ke haiM apitu vastutaH unake para praziSya jinadattasUri dAdA sAhaba se bhI pazcAdvartI kAla ke haiN| isa tathya ko prabala yukti saMgata pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue vikrama kI satrahavIM zatI ke tapAgacchIya vidvAn granthakAra upA 1. gurvAvalI kSamAkalyANa dvArA racita (phoTosTeTa prati prAcAryazrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaMDAra, ___ caur3A rAstA, jayapura meM vidyamAna) pRSTha 12 .
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 [ 456 dhyAya zrI dharmasAgaragaraNa ne yaha siddha karane kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA hai ki cAlukyarAja durlabharAja ne jinezvarasUri athavA unake sAdhu-sAdhvI samUha ko kharatara viruddha pradAna nahIM kiyA / isake viparIta jinadattasUri ke pratyugra svabhAva evaM pratiparuSa ( kaTu- kaThora ) saMbhASaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa logoM ne unheM "kharatara " sambodhana se zrabhihita karanA prArambha kiyA aura isa prakAra kAlAntara meM jinadattasUri kA gaccha "kharataragaccha" ke nAma se logoM meM rUDha athavA prakhyAta ho gayA / kharataragaccha apanI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi meM upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgaragaraNa ne pramukha yukti yaha dI hai ki yadi cAlukyarAja kI sabhA meM jinezvarasUri ko "kharatara " viruda pradAna kiyA gayA hotA to prabhAcandrasUri ne apanI aitihAsika kRti prabhAvaka caritra meM evaM jinacandrasUri, grabhayadevasUri, guNacandrasUri, jinavallabhasUri aura jinadattasUri ne apanI-apanI kRtiyoM meM etadviSayaka prasaMga para athavA prazastiyoM meM kharatara viruda pradAna kA avazyameva ullekha kiyA hotA / kintu unhoMne aisA nahIM kiyA / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki durlabharAja ne jinezvarasUri ko kisI prakAra kA koI viruda pradAna nahIM kiyA / uparivarita pakSa aura vipakSa ke paraspara virodhI do prakAra ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para koI sarvasammata nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sarvasammata samAdhAna ke lie to hameM isa prazna kI pRSThabhUmi meM gaharAI taka utarakara niSpakSa dRSTikoNa se vicAra karanA hogA / yaha to eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM varddhamAnasUri ne apane caityavAsI guru jinacandrAcArya se pRthak ho unakI caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara eka aisI suvihita zramaNa paramparA ko janma diyA jisane jaina saMgha meM mahAn dharmakrAnti ke sUtrapAta ke mAdhyama se caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasva ko samApta kara katipaya aMzoM meM jainadharma ke mUla svarUpa kI aura vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI rakSA kii| unhoMne caityavAsiyoM ke sarvocca zaktizAlI evaM durbhaya sudRr3ha gar3ha hillapura paTTaNa meM praveza kiyA, jahAM caityavAsiyoM ne zatAbdiyoM pUrva zIlaguNasUri kI caityavAsI paramparA dvArA sammata sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke pratirikta anya sabhI zramaNa paramparAoMoM ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke praveza para rAjAjJA ke mAdhyama se pratibandha lagavA diyA gayA thA / prAcIna jaina vAMgmaya meM isa bAta kI sAkSI vidyamAna hai ki caityavAsiyoM ne rAjAjJA ke viruddha varddhamAnasUri ke aNahillapura paTTaNa meM praveza kA DaTakara virodha kiyA / isa prakAra kA virodha sahaja svAbhAvika bhI thA / pATaNa ke cAlukya nareza durlabharAja ke rAjamAnya rAjapurohita dvArA varddhamAnasUri kA pakSa liye jAne para caityavAsiyoM ne durlabharAja ke samakSa nyAya ke lie prArthanA prastuta karate hue nivedana kiyA :- "zatruoM dvArA paMcAzraya rAjya ke
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________________ 460 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 nareza ko yuddha meM mAra diye jAne aura rAjya para adhikAra kara liye jAne ke anantara paMcAzraya ke zizu rAjakumAra vanarAja kA caityavAsI AcArya zIlaguNasUri aura unake paTTa ziSya devacandrasUri ne pAlana kiyA / vanarAja ko unhoMne samucita zikSA dekara suyogya banAyA / vanarAja ne apane paitrika rAjya para adhikAra kara lene ke pazcAt apane paramopakArI caityavAsI AcArya zIlaguNasUri evaM devacandrasUri ke prati jIvana bhara kRtajJa rahate hue caityavAsI paramparA ke utkarSa ke lie aneka kArya kiye / vanarAja ne apane upakArI guru kI caityavAsI paramparA ke sammAna ko sudIrghakAla taka akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke lie isa prakAra kI eka rAjAjJA prasArita kI ki ahillapura paTTaNa rAjya kI sImA meM kevala zIlaguNasUri kI caityavAsI paramparA ke tathA unake dvArA sammata sAdhu-sAdhvI hI vicaraNa kara skeNge| jaina saMgha kI zeSa sabhI paramparAoM ke sAdhu-sAdhvI pATaNa rAjya kI sImA meM praveza taka nahIM kara sakeMge / eka rAjA dvArA prasArita kI gaI rAjAjJA kA pazcAdvartI sabhI narezoM dvArA sammAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM hamAre nyAya priya narezvara se hamArI yahI prArthanA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM mahArAja vanarAja dvArA prasArita kI gaI rAjAjJA kA akSaraza: pAlana karavAyA jAya / " durlabharAja ne dhyAnapUrvaka caityavAsiyoM kI bAta sunane ke pazcAt kahA" hama apane pUrva ke zAsakoM dvArA nirdhArita maryAdAoM kA sammAna karate haiM / kintu isakA yaha artha na lagAyA jAya ki hama guraNI mahApuruSoM ke guNoM kI pUjA se vimukha raheM, unake guNoM kI pUjA na kareM / vastutaH suzAsana to sabhI mahApuruSoM se prAzIrvAda prApta karane kA abhilASI rahatA hai / " jaina vAMgmaya ke adhyayana - paryAlocana se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki etadviSayaka jitane bhI prAcIna ullekha vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM, unameM Upara likhe gaye vivaraNa meM to sAmAnyataH mataikya hai / isase Age ke ghaTanAcakra kA jo varNana diyA gayA hai, usameM thor3A antara dRSTigocara hotA hai / usa antara ke pIche bhI eka aisA bahuta bar3A kAraNa chipA huA pratIta hotA hai, jisa para prakAza DAlane kA Age prayAsa kiyA jAyagA / isa viSaya meM sarvAdhika loka vidita ullekha hai kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI kA / vaha sAra rUpa meM isa prakAra hai : "caityavAsI paramparA ke caurAsI matoM ke adhiSThAtA AcArya jinacandra ke ziSya varddhamAna ko zAstroM (dazavaikAlika prAdi) kA adhyayana karate samaya jaba Agama pratipAdita vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke sambandha meM thor3A bodha huA to ve guru ko nivedana kara katipaya sAthI caityavAsI sAdhutroM ke sAtha caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara vizuddha zramaraNAcAra kA pAlana karane
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 461 vAle aAgama marmajJa tyAgI tapasvI sacce guru kI khoja meM nikala par3e / aneka sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karane ke uparAnta DhilI athavA dalI (sambhavataH sAmpratakAlIna dillI) ke AsapAsa vanavAsI araNyacArI paramparA ke udyotanasUri nAmaka eka kriyApAtra tyAgI tapasvI evaM Agama niSNAta AcArya mile|" apanI Antarika icchA ke anurUpa triveNI saMgama tulya jJAna kriyA evaM taponiSTha zramaNazreSTha ko pA varddhamAnasUri ne unakA ziSyatva svIkAra karate hue unase upasampadA (vizuddha zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA) grahaNa kii| udyotanasUri se zAstroM kA talasparzI jJAna aura AcArya pada prApta karane ke anantara varddhamAnasUri ne jinezvara, buddhi sAgara Adi 17 ziSyoM ke sAtha jainadharma kA pracAra karane ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha gujarAta kI ora vihAra kiyA, jahAM niyata-nivAsI caityavAsI paraMparA ke ekAdhipatyaparaka varcasva ke kAraNa Agamasammata dharma kA vizuddha svarUpa luptaprAyaH ho cukA thaa| jahAM caityavAsI paramparA ke atirikta anya sacce zramaNazramaNiyoM ke na kevala vihAra apitu praveza taka ko caityavAsiyoM ne rAjAjJA dvArA niSiddha karavA diye jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa vahAM ke nivAsI sarvajJa-praNIta dharma ke sacce svarUpa ke sAtha-sAtha viharUka kriyAniSTha sacce zramaNa ke prAcAra-vicAra evaM veSa athavA svarUpa taka ko bhUla gaye the| pATaNa meM pahuMcane para caityavAsiyoM ke prabala prabhAva ke kAraNa varddhamAnasUri aura unake ziSyoM ko vahAM Thaharane taka ke liye kahIM sthAna nahIM milaa| prayAsa karane para unake tyAga, tapa evaM sarvatomukhI prakAMDa pAMDitya se prabhAvita ho vahAM ke rAjapurohita ne apane bhavya bhavana ke eka bhAga meM unheM tthhraayaa| caityavAsiyoM ko jaba jJAta hayA ki navAgantuka sAdhu rAja purohita ke yahAM Thahare haiM, to unhoMne varddhamAnasUri aura rAja purohita donoM ke viruddha SaDyantra rcaa| sampUrNa pATaNa nagara aura rAjaprAsAda taka meM isa prakAra kA sanasanI utpanna kara dene vAlA samAcAra prasArita kara diyA ki durlabharAja ke rAjya ke gupta bheda prApta karane ke liye kisI zatru rAjA ke guptacara sAdhuveSa meM pATaNa meM Aye haiM aura rAjamAnya purohita ke ghara ve Thahare hue haiM / yaha sunakara eka bAra to rAjA bar3A kruddha huA kintu use apane rAja purohita se pUchane para vAstavikatA kA patA cala gayA ki vastutaH Agantuka mahApuruSoM ke viruddha virodhiyoM dvArA racA gayA SaDyantra mAtra hai|| ina udyotanasUri nAmaka vanavAsI jainAcArya ko "zrI dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaNDAra" meM upalabdha upAdhyAya zrI kSamAkalyANa dvArA racita gurvAvali meM ziSya santativihIna batAne ke pazcAt yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki unhoMne varddhamAnasUri ko apane paTTadhara ziSya ke rUpa meM prAcAryapada pradAna kiyaa| -sampAdaka
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________________ 462 } apane isa paDyantra ko niSphala huA dekhakara caityavAsiyoM ne navAgantuka sAdhuyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara rAjya se bAhara nikalavA dene kA nizcaya kiyA / nizcita samaya aura sthAna para pATaNAdhIza durlabharAja ke samakSa zAstrArtha prArambha huA / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa "jo caitya meM na rahakara vasati meM rahate haiM, ve sAdhu nahIM haiM", isa prakAra ke apane pakSa kI puSTi meM caityavAsiyoM ne tIrthaMkara prabhu ke upadezoM ke AdhAra para racita dvAdazAMgI evaM dvAdazAMgI ke AdhAra para caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA dRbdha prAgamoM ke sthAna para caityavAsI paramparA ke pUrvAcAryoM dvArA apanI kapola kalpanA se banAye gaye " nigamoM" ke pAThoM evaM uddharaNoM ko prastuta karane kA upakrama prArambha kiyA / "vyAdhi ko ugra rUpa dhAraNa karane se pUrva hI naSTa kara diyA jAya" isa sArvabhauma siddhAnta kA anusaraNa karate hue zAstrArtha hetu varddhamAnasUri se adhikAra prApta jinezvarasUri ne durlabharAja se dUradarzitApUrNa prazna kiyA :- " rAjan ! jisa rAjanIti se Apa sucAru rUperaNa zAsana calAte haiM, vaha rAjanIti Apake dvArA navanirmita hai athavA Apake pUrva puruSoM dvArA nirmita evaM nirdhArita ?" durlabharAja ne prazna ke uttara meM sahaja guru gambhIra svara meM kahA :"mahArAja ! mahAtman ! rAjanIti hamArI banAI huI nahIM hai / yaha to yugAdi se maharSiyoM, rAjarSiyoM evaM hamAre nyAyapriya pUrvajoM dvArA nirmita evaM nirdhArita hai / " -- bhAga 4 taba jinezvarasUri ne kahA :- "mahArAja ! ThIka kahate haiM prApa / jisa prakAra ApakI rAjanIti meM hai, usI prakAra dharmanIti meM bhI hama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke upadezoM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI aura usa dvAdazAMgI ke AdhAra para caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA niryUDha grAgamoM ko hI kisI bhI tathyAtathya, kharekhoTe ke nirNaya ke lie prAmANika mAnate haiM, na ki inase bhinna kisI anya AcArya dvArA racita granthoM ko / hamAre pratipakSI caityavAsI AcArya dvArA jo grantha apane pakSa kI puSTi meM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM, ve gaNadharoM athavA caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA banAye hue nahIM hai / ataH ye prAmANikatA kI koTi meM na Ane ke kAraNa kisI bhI satpatha ke pathika ke lie mAnya nahIM haiM / " jinezvarasUri ke ve aitihAsika dRSTi se atIva mahattvapUrNa zabda prAja bhI kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM : "mahArAja ! asmAkaM mate'pi yadugaNadharaizcaturdazapUrvadharaizca yo darzito mArgaH sa eva pramANIkartuM yujyate nAnyaH / 1 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI, pRSTha 3.
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 463 rAjA durlabharAja ne jinezvarasUri ke isa kathana ko sarvathA yuktisaMgata ThaharAte hue caityavAsI prAcAryoM kI ora abhimukha ho kahA :- "inakA yaha kathana pUrNata: nyAyasaMgata evaM yuktisaMgata hai|" nyAyapriya rAjA ne tathyAtathya kA nirNaya karane ke liye tatkAla sabhyoM ko caityavAsiyoM ke maTha meM bhejakara vahAM se grAgamoM kA gaTTara maMgavAyA / AgamoM ke baste ko kholate hI sarva prathama jo zAstra usameM se nikalA, vaha prabhu mahAvIra ke caturtha paTTadhara caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya sayyaMbhava dvArA zramaNAcAra ke sambandha meM dvAdazAMgI meM se sAra rUpa meM saMgrahIta-grathita dazavaikAlika zAstra thaa| zramaNa jIvana ke pratyeka pahalU para madhukarI, jIvanaparyanta sabhI prakAra ke sAvadya kAryoM---hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahma arthAt maithuna aura parigraha kA trikaraNa, triyoga se pUrNarUpeNa parityAga, vAyu kI bhAMti apratihata vihAra, parISaha sahana Adi para sUrya ke samAna pUrNa prakAza DAlane vAle dazavaikAlika zAstra meM eka bhI akSara aisA nahIM jo caityavAsiyoM ke kisI bhI pakSa kA poSaka ho, unakI kisI bhI jIvanacaryA-caitya meM niyata nivAsa, rupayA, paisA, caitya, maTha Adi parigraha kA svAmitva, gAdI, takiye, masanada, pAlakI, Adi kA upabhoga, tAmbUla carvaNa Adi ko sAdhu ke lie viSavat tyAjya anAcAra kI koTi kA siddha na karatA ho / dazavaikAlika zAstra kI annaThaM pagaDaM leNaM, bhaijja sayaNAsaraNaM / uccAra bhUmi saMpanna, itthI pasuvivajjiyaM / / 52 / / a. 8 / / 1 isa gAthA ne to caityavAsiyoM ke pUrva pakSa ko dhuna kara pAka kI rUI kI bhAMti asIma AkAza meM ur3A kara nirasta evaM niravaziSTa kara diyaa| rAjasabhA ke vidvAn nirNAyakoM sahita rAjA durlabharAja ne isa zAstrArtha meM caityavAsiyoM ko parAjita aura jinezvarasUri ko vijayI ghoSita kiyaa| zAstrArtha meM jinezvarasUri se parAjita ho jAne ke uparAnta bhIcaityavAsiyoM ne varddhamAnasUri evaM unake sAdhu samUha ko anahillapura paTTaNa se niSkAsita karavA dene ke uddezya se SaDyantra kiye kintu rAjA durlabharAja pUrNataH Azvasta ho gayA thA ki varddhamAnasUri Adi vasativAsI sAdhu zAstroM kI kasauTI para khare utare haiM aura caityavAsI kaMvale DhIle (khoTe), isaliye caityavAsiyoM dvArA varddhamAnasUri aura unake ziSyamaMDala ke viruddha race gaye sabhI SaDyantra pUrNa rUperaNa asaphala rahe / durlabharAja ne apane rAja purohita ko vasativAsI sAdhuoM ke nivAsa ke liye eka bhavana bhI batA diyaa|
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________________ 464 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 isa prakAra varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsiyoM ke durbhedya gar3ha pATaNa nagara ke caityavAsiyoM para vijaya prApta kara gujarAta ke paTTanagara pATaraNa meM aneka zatAbdiyoM se tirohita, vasativAsa kA zubhArambha kiyA / uparivariNata vRttAnta zrI jinapatisUri ke ziSya, vikrama kI terahavIM caudahavIM zatI ke vidvAn zrI jinapAlopAdhyAya dvArA vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka meM likhA huA hone ke kAraNa paryApta rUpeNa prAcIna ullekha hai / "rAjan ! hamArI bhI yaha nizcita mAnyatA hai ki garaNadharoM evaM caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA grathita, dRbdha Agama aura unake dvArA dikhAyA gayA mArga hI prAmANika hai, anya nahIM" jinezvarasUri dvArA durlabharAja ko kahe gaye isa vAkya kA aitihAsika dRSTi se bahuta bar3A mahatva hai kyoMki isa vAkya se varddhamAnasUri dvArA kI gaI mahAn dharmakrAnti meM nihita mUla bhAvanA para tatkAlIna unakI sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa mUlabhUta mAnyatA para pUrNa prakAza par3atA hai / jinezvarasUri ne caityavAsiyoM dvArA nigamoM kI racanA ke mAdhyama se jainadharma ke vizuddha mUla svarUpa para DAle gaye saghana ghanaghora ghaTA tulya bAhyADambara ke pardoM ko chinna-bhinna karane ke uddezya se jisa samaya eka aitihAsika dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA, usa samaya unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se udghoSa kiyA thA ki pratyeka jaina ke liye gaNadharoM dvArA grathita tathA caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA dRbdha niyU~r3ha Agama hI prAmANika haiM, anya arthAt niyukti, bhASya, TIkA aura cUriMga prAmANika nahIM / kAlAntara meM sambhavataH loka meM rUDha caityavAsI paramparA dvArA pracalita kI gaI katipaya mAnyatAoM ko jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra kI dRSTi se suvihita paramparA ke anyAnya gacchoM dvArA mAnya kara liye jAne ke anantara kharataragaccha ne bhI apanI ukta mAnyatA meM parivartana kara gaNadharoM, caturdaza pUrvadharoM evaM dazapUrvadharoM dvArA dRbdha, kevala AgamoM ke sthAna para niyuktiyoM, TIkAoM, bhASyoM aura cUriyoM - isa sampUrNa paMcAMgI ko hI mAnanA prArambha kara diyA ho / ina saba mahatvapUrNa tathyoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra karane para yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki jinezvarasUri dvArA durlabharAja ke samakSa prakaTa kiye gaye zrAgama mAtra kI prAmANikatA viSayaka ullekha kharataragaccha dvArA paMcAMgI ko mAnya karane se bahuta pahale kA hai aura sambhavataH jinezvarasUri ke samaya kA hI ho, jo likhita rUpa meM athavA zruta paramparA se jin2apAlopAdhyAya ko prApta huA ho aura unhoMne yathAvat gurvAvalI meM likha diyA ho / "vAstavikatA apane pIche vastutaH koI na koI cihna chor3a hI jAtI hai / " yaha ukti vAstava meM isa gurvAvalI meM samaya-samaya para lagI parivartanoM kI anekAneka thaper3oM ke uparAnta bhI akSaraza: caritArtha ho hI gaI hai / kAlAntara meM jaba mAnyatAoM ne mor3a badale to una badalatI huI mAnyatAoM ke mor3a ke sAtha-sAtha ukta ghaTanAcakra ke vivaraNa ko bhI mor3a diyA gayA / yahI
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________________ sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha kAraNa hai ki durlabharAja ke samakSa caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue jinezvarasUri ke zAstrArtha kA vivaraNa anyAnya vibhinna lekhakoM ne eka-dUsare se bhinna rUpa meM diyA hai / isa tathya kA jItA jAgatA eka bar3A hI rocaka udAharaNa hai prabhAvaka caritra kA etadviSayaka ullekha / prabhAcandrasUri ne apanI aitihAsika kRti 'prabhAvaka caritra' meM etadviSayaka ghaTanAkrama ke varNana meM saMkSepa zailI kA Azraya liyA hai| varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsa kA parityAga karane ke anantara kahAM para aura kaunase kriyApAtra Agama marmajJa zramaNa zreSTha ke pAsa sacce zramaNa dharma kI upasampadA prApta kara AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyA Adi aneka mahatvapUrNa tathyoM para prabhAcandrAcArya ne nAmamAtra ke liye bhI prakAza nahIM DAlA hai| pATaNa meM vasativAsa kI sthApanA viSayaka isa aitihAsika ghaTanA kA prabhAvaka caritra meM nimna rUpa meM citraNa kiyA gayA hai : ___ "savAlakha' (sapAdalakSa) rAjya kI rAjadhAnI kUrcapura (vartamAna kucerA) meM mahArANA alla ke pautra bhuvanapAla nAmaka nRpati ke rAjyakAla meM varddhamAna nAmaka caityavAsI paramparA ke vidvAn zramaNAgraNI ne jainadharma ke marma rUpa vAstavika svarUpa kA bodha ho jAne para 84 caityoM kI maThAdhIzatA ko ThukarA kara caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara diyaa| unhoMne apane ziSyasamUha meM se do mahA medhAvI ziSya jinezvara aura buddhisAgara ko zrutasAgara kA talasparzI adhyApana karAne ke pazcAt prAcAryapada pradAna kiyA / " eka dina varddhamAnasUri ne apane una donoM sUri ziSyoM se kahA"caityavAsI paramparA kA pATaNa rAjya meM ekachatra varcasva hai| vahAM caityavAsI prAcAryoM ne rAjAjJA dvArA anya paramparAoM ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke praveza para pratibandha lagavA rakkhA hai| isa kAraNa suvihita paramparA ke zramaNoM ko pATaNa rAjya meM praviSTa hone para unake samakSa caityavAsiyoM dvArA aneka prakAra kI vighna-bAdhAeM upasthita kI jA sakatI haiN| vartamAna kAla meM tumhAre samAna adbhuta medhAzakti-sampanna buddhimAn anya koI kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / tuma donoM isa prakAra ke rAjakIya pratibandhAtmaka Adeza ko nirasta karavAne meM sakSama ho| merI Antarika icchA hai ki tuma donoM apane buddhi-bala aura kauzala se usa niSedhAjJA ko nirasta karavAkara suvihita paramparA ke zramaNa-zramaNI varga ke liye pATaNa rAjya meM vicaraNa evaM dharma pracAra kA mArga khola do|" "jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgarasUri ne apane guru ke Adeza ko zirodhArya kara pATaNa kI ora prasthAna kiyA / pATaNa meM unheM caityavAsiyoM 1. prabhAvaka caritra, abhaya devasUri caritra /
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________________ 466 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 ke pracaMDa prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa Thaharane taka kA sthAna nahIM milA / apane pragalbha pAMDitya se rAja purohita somezvara ko prabhAvita kara usake bhavana meM una sUri dvaya ne antatogatvA sthAna prApta kiyA / bandhu dvaya ke prakAMDa pAMDitya kI khyAti pala bhara meM hI pATaraNa meM prasRta ho gaI / zruti smRti ke pAradRSvA vidvAn, yAjJika, agnihotrI karmakAMDI Adi somezvara ke bhavana kI ora umar3a par3e aura sUri dvaya ke sAtha jJAna goSThI karane lage / " 1. * " caityavAsiyoM ko jaba yaha saba kucha vidita hunA to unhoMne apane karmacAriyoM ko prAdeza diyA ki ve una navAgantuka vasativAsiyoM ko pATaNa se bAhara nikAleM / caityavAsiyoM ke una vetana bhogiyoM ne rAja purohita ke AvAsa para Akara jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgarasUri se kahA - " mahAtman ! Apa zIghrAtizIghra nagara se bAhara cale jAiye kyoMki gurjareza kI rAjAjJAnusAra caityavAsI paramparA se bhinna anya kisI bhI zramaNa paramparA ke zramaraNa zramaNiyoM ke liye yahAM Thaharane kA niSedha hai / " " rAja purohita somezvara ne AdezAtmaka gambhIra svara meM caityavAsiyoM ke una sevakoM kI bhora prabhimukha hokara kahA - "ye zramaraNazreSTha isa nagara meM raheM athavA nagara se bAhara jAyeM, isa bAta kA nirNaya gurjarezvara kI rAjyasabhA meM hI hogA / " "caityavAsiyoM ke anucara niruttara ho tatkAla rAja purohita ke AvAsa se bAhara grA caityavAsI AcArya ke maTha kI ora lauTa gaye aura rAja purohita ne jo kucha kahA thA, vaha unhoMne caityavAsI mukhyAcArya kI sevA meM nivedita kara diyA / " dUsare dina prAtaHkAla caityavAsI prAcArya apane gaNyamAnya pramukha pratinidhiyoM evaM upAsakoM ke sAtha mahArAja durlabharAja ke samakSa rAja sabhA meM upasthita hue| usI samaya rAja purohita somezvara bhI rAjasabhA meM upasthita huA aura usane mahArAjAdhirAja kA samucita abhivAdana karane ke anantara nivedana kiyA- "mahArAja ! do jaina muni bAhara se Ucuzca te jhaTityeva, gamyatAM nagarAd bahiH / zrasminna labhyate sthAtu, caMtya bAhya sitAmbaraH / / 64 / / prabhAvaka caritra, abhayadevasUri caritam, pRSTha 163 /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 j kharataragaccha [ 467 vicaraNa karate hue Apake isa prakhyAta paTTanagara pattanapura meM Aye haiM / inake apane pakSa vAle jaina dharmAvalambiyoM se jaba inheM ThaharAne ke liye koI sthAna prApta nahIM huA to ve donoM jaina muni mere ghara Aye / mahArAja ! vastuta: ve guNoM ke Akara aura sazarIrI dharma ke samAna samadarzI haiM / isaliye maiMne guNagrAhakatA ke vazIbhUta ho una donoM zramaNottamoM ko apane AvAsa kA eka bhAga unheM rahane ke liye dekara vahAM ThaharAyA hai| ina caityavAsiyoM ne mere ghara para apane bhaToM ko bhejaa| mahArAja ! isameM yadi merA kahIM kiMcinmAtra bhI aparAdha ho to usake liye Apa jo bhI ucita samajhe mujhe apanI icchAnusAra daNDa pradAna kreN|" rAja purohita kI bAta sunakara mahArAja durlabharAja ne sasmita mudrA meM prazna kiyA-"hamAre nagara meM dUsare rAjyoM, prAntoM athavA pradezoM se Ane vAle guNIjanoM ko rahane se kauna rokatA hai| guNavanta mahApuruSoM ke hamAre yahAM isa nagara meM Ane aura basane meM kisI ko kyA doSa dRSTigocara hotA hai ?". isa para caityavAsI prAcArya ne kahA- "mahArAja ! prAcIna kAla meM zaktizAlI gurjara rAjya ke saMsthApaka cApotkaTa vanarAja kA zaizavAvasthA meM nAgendra gacchIya paMcAzraya nAmaka sthAna ke caityavAsI AcArya devacandra ne pAlana, poSaNa, zikSA, dIkSA Adi kA prabandha karavAyA / caityavAsI prAcArya devacandra ne yahA~ isa aNahillapura paTTaNa nagara ko basAkara vanarAja ko usakA rAjya diyaa| isI upakAra ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karane ke liye vanarAja ne sAmpradAyika vyAmoha athavA vidveSa ke kAraNa usake guru ke gaccha kI kabhI kisI prakAra kI halkI na lage, kaTu AlocanA na ho, isa daSTi ko sAmane rakhakara mahArAjA vanarAja ne rAjAjJA prasArita kara sadA ke liye isa prakAra kI vyavasthA kara dI ki kevala caityavAsiyoM dvArA sammata zramaNa hI pATaNa meM rheN| caityavAsiyoM dvArA asammata anya kisI bhI paramparA kA sAdhu yahAM nagara meM nahIM raha skegaa| rAjan ! vahI vyavasthA prAja dina taka calI A rahI hai| pUrvavartI rAjAoM kI vyavasthAoM kA pAlana pazcAdvartI rAjAoM dvArA kiyA jAnA caahiye| vAstavika sthiti to yahI hai / aba Apa jisa prakAra kA Adeza deM, vaisA hI kiyA jaay|" lagabhaga apane samasAmayika jinapAlopAdhyAya dvArA kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM kiye gaye, caityavAsI AcAryoM ke sAtha jinezvarasUri ke zAstrArtha ke ullekha ke sthAna para prAcArya prabhAcandra ne nimna rUpa meM apane grantha prabhAvaka caritra meM likhA hai
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________________ 468 1 "rAjA prAha samAcAraM prAgbhUpAnAM vayaM dRDham / pAlayAmaH guraNavatAM pUjAM tullaMghayema na // 78 // bhavAdRzAM sadAcAraniSThAnAM praziSaH nRpAH / edhante yuSmadIyaM tad, rAjyaM nAtrAsti saMzayaH / / 76 / / uparodhena no yUyamamISAM vasanaM pure / anumanyadhvamevaM ca zrutvA te'tra tadA dadhuH ||80|| [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 arthAt rAjA durlabharAja ne caityavAsI prAcAryoM se kahA :- " hama apane se pUrvavarttI rAjAoM dvArA sthApita kI gaI, maryAdAoM vyavasthAoM kA dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana karate haiM / kintu isake sAtha hI sAtha guNI mahApuruSoM kI pUjA ke apane mAnavIya prAthamika karttavya se vimukha ho apane usa mahatvapUrNa pramukha karttavya kI avahelanA athavA ullaMghana bhI nahIM kara sakate / rAjanyavarga to sadA se Apa jaise sadAcAraniSTha mahApuruSoM se prAzIrvAda prApta karate rahane kA abhilASI rahA hai / ataH nissaMdigdha rUpa se yaha rAjya prApakA nija kA hI hai| hama para anugraha kara Apa kRpayA bAhara se prAye hue ina guNI mahApuruSoM ko isa praraNa hillapura paTTaNa nagara meM rahane kI anumati pradAna kara dIjiye / " "mahArAjA durlabharAja dvArA kiye gaye vinamra nivedana ko sunakara caityavAsI AcAryoM ne jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgarasUri ko tatkAla aNahillapura paTTaNa meM rahane kI svIkRti pradAna kara dI / " " caityavAsiyoM se isa prakAra kI anumati prApta ho jAne ke pazcAt rAja purohita somezvara ne rAjAdhirAja durlabharAja se nivedana kiyA- " ina mahApuruSoM ke rahane ke liye yahAM nagara meM koI sthAna nahIM hai / ataH kRpA kara Apa isa prakAra ke mahAtmAnoM ke liye koI sthAna pradAna kara lAbhAnvita hoM / mahArAjA durlabharAja ne kahA - "yaha to paramAvazyaka hai / " usI samaya zaiva dharma guru jJAnadeva kA rAjasabhA meM Agamana huA / durlabharAja ne abhyutthAna-vandana-arcana ke anantara zaivAcArya ko ucca Asana para biThA kara zaivAcArya se nivedana kiyA : "bhagavan / ye jaina maharSi bAhara se yahAM padhAre haiM / ataH jaina maharSiyoM ke rahane ke liye koI sthAna ( upAzraya) pradAna kIjiye / " " zaiva dharmaguru ne tatkAla jaina upAzraya hetu sabhI dRSTiyoM se sukhada bhUkhaMDa rAja purohita ko diyA / rAja purohita somezvara ne svalpa samaya meM usa sthAna para eka bhavya upAzraya kA nirmANa sampanna karavA diyA / " 1. prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 163
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 466 prabhAvaka caritra ke ullekhAnusAra usI samaya vikrama samvat 1080 se gujarAta ke paTTanagara aNahillapura paTTaNa meM vasativAsa kI paramparA pracalita ho gii| isa prakAra prAcArya prabhAcandra ne caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue zrI jinezvarasUri ke dhArmika saMgharSa kI aitihAsika ghaTanA ke eka ko chor3a sabhI pramukha tathyoM ko aitihAsika tathyoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / prabhAvaka caritra ke etadviSayaka vivaraNa se kharataragaccha kI paTTAvaliyoM meM ullikhita nimna tathyoM kI puSTi hotI hai : 1. vikrama samvat 802 meM pATaNa nagara ke nirmANa ke sAtha hI caityavAsI prAcArya ke prati apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue vanarAja cAvar3A ne rAjAjJA prasArita kara caityavAsI paramparA ke zramaNa-zramaNiyoM aura unake dvArA sammata sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI prakAra kI jainadharma kI paramparAoM ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke pATaNa nagara athavA pATaNa rAjya meM praveza para pratibandha lagA diyA thaa| 2. vaha niSedhAjJA vikrama samvat 802 se vikrama samvat 1076 taka prabhAvI rahI aura 1080 meM use yena kena prakAreNa niSprabhAvI banA diyA gyaa| 3. jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgarasUri ke pATaNa pahuMcane para caityavAsiyoM ne unake pATaNa-praveza kA virodha kiyA aura bhaToM ko bhejakara unheM tatkAla pATaNa se bAhara cale jAne ko kahA / 4. caityavAsiyoM dvArA bheje gaye bhaTTaputroM ke kathana ke uparAnta bhI jaba jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgarasUri ke pATaNa se bAhara na jAne aura rAja purohita ke "ina mahAtmAoM ke pATaNa se cale jAne athavA pATaNa meM hI rahane ke sambandha meM rAjAdhirAja dvArA rAjasabhA meM hI nirNaya kiyA jAyagA", yaha kahane para caityavAsI prAcArya mahArAja durlabharAja kI rAjasabhA meM pahuMce aura unhoMne rAjA se prArthanA kI ki 278 varSa se calI A rahI rAjamaryAdA kA sammAna rakhate hue vasativAsI sAdhuoM ko pATaNa meM na rahane diyA jaay| 1. tataH prabhRti saMjajJe. vasatInAM paramparA / mahadbhiH sthApitaM vRddhimaznute nAtra saMzayaH / / 81 / / prabhAvaka caritra, pRSTha 163
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________________ 470 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ye cAroM pramukha tathya jisa rUpa meM kharatara gacchIyA paTTAvaliyoM evaM gurvAvaliyoM meM ullikhita haiM, adhikAMzataH usI rUpa meM prabhAvaka caritra meM bhI ullikhita haiM / kevala antima nirNAyaka tathya ke sambandha meM prabhAvaka caritrakAra aura kharatara gacchIyA gurvAvalI ke ullekha eka dUsare se bhinna prakAra ke haiN| gUrvAvalIkAra ke abhimatAnusAra caityavAsiyoM ne vasativAsI prAcArya varddhamAnasUri aura unake ziSyoM ko vAda meM parAjita kara pATaNa se bAhara nikalavAne kA nizcaya kiyA / zAstrArtha karane kA prastAva bhI caityavAsiyoM kI ora se rakhA gayA / antatogatvA zAstrArtha meM jinezvarasUri ne pAgama ke AdhAra para niyatanivAsavaityavAsa ko zAstraviruddha aura vasativAsa ko zAstrasammata siddha kara caityavAsiyoM ko parAjita kiyA / usa zAstrArtha meM jinezvarasUri ne jana-jana ke mana mastiSka aura hRdaya para yathArthatA kI, tathyAtathya kI chApa aMkita kara dene vAlI akATya yuktiyoM se apanA pakSa rakhA to caityavAsI paramparA kI nIMva hila utthii| jinezvarasUri ne anUThI sUjha bUjha aura dUradarzitA se ota prota eka prazna cAlukyezvara durlabharAja se kiyA : "rAjan ! Apa jisa rAjanIti ke bala para nyAya nItipUrNa suzAsita DhaMga se apane rAjya kA saMcAlana karate haiM, vaha rAjanIti Apa svayaM dvArA banAI huI hai athavA Apake pUrvajoM dvArA nirdhArita-nirmita ?" jaba durlabharAja ne jinezvarasUri ke prazna ke uttara meM yaha kahA ki ve apane pUrva puruSoM rAjarSiyoM maharSiyoM dvArA nirdhArita nirmita nyAyapUrNa rAjanIti se hI zAsana kA saMcAlana karate haiM, to jinezvarasUri ne anAdi siddha avitatha aitihAsika tathya sabhyoM ke mAdhyama se saMsAra ke samakSa rakhate hue kahA :-"mahArAja! jisa prakAra Apa apane pUrvajoM dvArA nirdhArita nyAyapUrNa rAjanIti ke anusAra zAsana calAte haiM, ThIka usI prakAra hama loga bhI tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA racita dvAdazAMgI tathA caudaha pUrvadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI se niyaMr3ha AgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnate haiM, una AgamoM se bhinna anya kisI bhI grantha vizeSa ko nhiiN| jinezvarasUri kA yaha kathana sabhI dRSTiyoM se kasauTI para kharA utaratA hai kyoMki vastuta: jainadharma sarvajJa sarvadarzI vItarAga tIrthaMkara pada dhAraka jinezvaroM dvArA prarUpita pradarzita anAdi zAzvata dharma hai, na ki kisI prAcArya vizeSa athavA chadmastha dvArA prarUpita athavA pradarzita dharma / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM pratyeka jaina kA prAthamika kartavya ho jAtA hai ki vaha saba prakAra ke abhinivezoM evaM pUrvAgrahoM se Upara uThakara sarvajJa sarvadarzI vItarAga tIrthezvara dvArA upadiSTa gaNadharoM dvArA athavA caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA grathita AgamoM ko hI sarvopari evaM parama prAmANika mAne / pratyeka jaina vastutaH jinezvara kA hI anuyAyI hai| kisI prAcArya vizeSa kA nhiiN| vItarAga sarvajJa jinezvara kI vANI ke samakSa kisI chadmastha prAcArya kI vANI kA koI mahatva nahIM / koI mUlya nhiiN| agara vaha jinezvara deva kI vANI para AdhArita na ho|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 471 jinezvarasUri kI isa akATya yukti se caityavAsI niruttara ho gye| unake nigama unake bastoM meM dhare hI raha gaye kyoMki jinezvarasUri ke isa kathana ke anantara sabhA, sabhyoM aura nyAyavAdI rAjA durlabharAja ke samakSa caityavAsI prAcAryoM dvArA racita nigamoM kA koI mUlya evaM koI mahatva avaziSTa nahIM raha gayA thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki prAgamoM ko hI parama prAmANika mAna kara dazavakAlika ke AdhAra para durlabharAja kI upasthiti athavA adhyakSatA meM zAstrArtha huaa| caityavAsiyoM ke pakSa ke khaNDana aura apane pakSa ke maMDana meM jinezvarasUri ne dazavakAlika nAmaka Agama kA pramANa prastuta karane ke sAtha jaba yaha kahA-"evaM vidhAyAM vasatau vasanti sAdhavo na devagRhe" to gurvAvalIkAra ke "rAjJA bhAvitaM yuktamuktam" isa ullekha ke anusAra durlabharAja ne bhAva-vibhora hokara pUrNataH yuktisaMgata satya bAta kahI hai| gurvAvalIkAra kA yaha ullekha prabhAvaka caritrAntargata Upara uddha ta kiye gaye prabhAcandrasUri se 26 varSa pUrva kA ullekha hai| jinapAlopAdhyAya vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke eka samartha granthakAra aura labdhapratiSTha vAdI the| unhoMne carcarI, upadeza rasAyana rAsa evaM kAla svarUpa kulaka kI TIkAoM kI racanA kI / vi0 saM0 1225 meM unhoMne zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| vi0 saM0 1266 meM unheM vAcanAcArya pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| vi0 saM0 1305 meM, jabaki unakA vrata paryAya 80 varSa kA ho cukA thA, usa samaya unhoMne gurvAvalI kI racanA kI / isa prakAra ke dIrgha dIkSAparyAya vAle vayovRddha vidvAn dvArA kharataragaccha kI gurvAvalI likhI gyii| usa samaya unake samakSa paramparA se likhita athavA karNa paramparA se samAgata koI na koI prAcIna puSTa pramANa rahA hI hogA, aisI AzA kI jAtI hai / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM vijJajana svayaM hI nirNaya kara sakate haiM ki jinapAlopAdhyAya dvArA likhA gayA apanI paramparA kA aitihAsika vivaraNa dUsare kisI vidvAn dvArA likhe gaye vivaraNa kI tulanA meM kitanA prAmANika, kitanA vizvasanIya ho sakatA hai / pATaNa meM vasativAsa pracalita karane kI ghaTanA kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue prabhAvaka caritrakAra prabhAcandrasUri ne jinapAlopAdhyAya ke vivaraNa se bhinna prakAra kA vivaraNa diyA hai, jisako par3hane se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha jinezvarasUri kA kisI prakAra kA zAstrArtha athavA vAda-vivAda nahIM huaa| AcArya prabhAcandrasUri ne vi0 saM0 1334 meM arthAt jinapAlopAdhyAya dvArA likhita gurvAvalI se 26 varSa pazcAt prabhAvaka caritra kI racanA kI / ' 1. vedAnalazikhizazadhara (1334) varSe caitrasya dhavala saptamyAm / zukre punarvasudine, sampUrNa pUrvaRSicaritam / / 22 / / prabhAvaka caritra prazasti, pRSTha 216
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________________ 472 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 AcArya prabhAcandra ne apanI isa kRti kI prazasti ke "duSprApatvAdamISAM vizakalitatayaikatra citrAvadAtaM" isa pada meM spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki pUrvAcAryoM ke caritra prAyaH duSprApya haiM / jo thor3e bahuta milate bhI haiM to ve bhI Tukar3oM-Tukar3oM meM bikhare hue bar3e parizrama se khojapUrNa prayAsa ke bAda milate haiM, jinheM saMkalita karane meM bhI aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai / aneka zrutadharoM ke pAsa jAkara unase una pUrvAcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM pUchanA evaM zravaNa karanA par3atA hai| tadanantara prAcArya prabhAcandra ne isa lekhana ke "atra zUNaM hi yatkicit, sampradAyavibhedataH / mayi prasAdamAdhAya, tacchodhayata kovidAH // 18 / / mAdhyama se spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki jina pUrvAcAryoM ke itivRtta prastuta grantha meM likhe gaye haiM, unameM se aneka prAcArya vibhinna sampradAyoM ke the / isa sAmpradAyika vibheda ke kAraNa yA pariNAmasvarUpa anyAnya sabhI sampradAyoM ke sambandha meM anivAryarUpeNa apekSita jAnakArI na hone ke kAraNa mere lekhana meM katipaya truTiyAM avazya rahI hoNgii| ataH vijJa vidvAn mere Upara anugraha kara una truTiyoM kA samucita zodhana-mArjana kara leN| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM koI bhI vijJa yaha mAnane ke liye kadApi udyata nahIM hogA ki jinezvarasUri dvArA aNahillapura paTTaNa meM pracalita kiye gaye vasativAsa ke sambandha meM jo kucha prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne likhA hai, vahI antima rUpa se prAmANika hai / prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne caityavAsI AcAryoM kA jinezvarasUri ke sAtha zAstrArtha na hone kA aura mahArAjA durlabharAja dvArA hI apane vyaktigata prabhAva se vasativAsI sAdhuoM ko praNahillapura paTTaNa meM nivAsa karane hetu caityavAsiyoM ko samudyata kara lene kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, isakA khojane para bhI koI AdhAra jaina vAMGmayoM kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta prabhAvaka caritrakAra se 26 varSa pUrva gurvAvalI (kharataragaccha) kA Alekhana karane vAle jina pAlopAdhyAya ke atirikta jinadattasUri ne gaNadhara sArddha zataka meM spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai ki durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsI prAcAryoM ke sAtha jinezvarasUri ne vicAra vimarza athavA zAstrArtha kara gujarAta pradeza meM vasativAsa kI sthApanA kii| gaNadhara sArddha zataka kA vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai : "praNahillavADae nADaivva daMsiyasupatta saMdohe / paurapae bahukavidUsage ya sannAyagANugae / / 6 / / saDhiyadullaharAe sarasai aMkovasohie suhe| majjhe rAyasahaM pavisiUNa loyAgamANumayaM // 66 // nAmAyariehiM samaM kariya viyAraM viyArarahiehiM / vasaihiM nivAso sAhUNaM Thavipro ThAviyo appA / / 67 / /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 473 parihariya gurukamAgaya vara vattAe vi gujjrttaae| vasahi nivAso jehiM phuDIko gujjarattAe // 68 / / arthAt sarasvatI nadI ke taTavartI aNahillapura paTTaNa nagara kI mahArAja, durlabharAja kI rAjasabhA meM jinezvarasUri ne vicAravihIna nAmadhArI caityavAsI AcAryoM ke sAtha vicAra arthAt vAda-vivAda karake vahAM vasativAsa kI sthApanA kI, jahAM ki aneka pIr3hiyoM se vasativAsiyoM kA praveza taka niSiddha thA / gaNadhara sArddha zataka kI racanA, jinadattasUri ne vikrama samvat 1169 meM AcArya pada para AsIna hone ke samaya se lekara vikrama samvat 1211 meM svargastha hone ke bIca ke kisI samaya meM kii| isa prakAra prAcArya prabhAcandra dvArA prabhAvaka caritra kI racanA se lagabhaga 164 varSa pUrvavartI vAdidevasUri evaM hemacandrAcArya ke samakAlIna vayovRddha jinadatta ne gaNadhara sArddha zataka kI racanA karate samaya caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue jinezvarasUri ke zAstrArtha vAda-vivAda athavA vicAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| prAcArya prabhAcandra ne prabhAvaka caritra kI racanA karate samaya apane se 26 varSa pUrva ke jinapAlopAdhyAya dvArA aura apane se 164 varSa pUrva jinadattasUri dvArA kiye gaye ukta zAstrArtha viSayaka ullekha kI upekSA kisa kAraNa se kI yaha bhI taTastha dRSTi se vicAra karane kA viSaya hai / - jinadattasUri ke gaNadhara sArddha zataka aura jinapAlopAdhyAya kI gurvAvalI jaise loka prasiddha granthoM ko prabhAcandrasUri ne dekhA hI na ho, yaha sambhava pratIta nahIM hotA / eka-eka sthavira eka-eka bahuzruta AcArya se milakara aura aneka prAcIna granthoM kA pAloDana kara prabhAvaka caritra jaisI mahattvapUrNa kRti kI racanA karane vAle prabhAcandrasUri ne apane se pUrvavartI ina donoM prAcAryoM kI kRtiyoM ko sunizcita rUpeNa dekhA, par3hA aura una para vicAra-manthana bhI kiyA hogaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM apane se pUrvavartI lekhakoM ke ullekhoM kI upekSA karanA evaM navIna DhaMga se hI ghaTanAcakra kA nirUpaNa karanA vastutaH vicAraNIya hai| aisA karane ke pIche eka hI kAraNa samajha meM A sakatA hai aura vaha yaha hai ki gaNadharoM evaM caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA grathita AgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnane vAle jinezvarasUri kI paramparA se bhinna gacchoM ke prAcAryoM evaM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM meM usa samaya taka caityavAsiyoM ke saMsarga athavA prabhAva se nigama, niyukti, bhASya, vRtti aura cUNi rUpa paMcAMgI ko prAmANika mAnane kI dhAraNA balavatI ho gaI ho / aisI sthiti meM yadi AcArya prabhAcandra caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue jinezvarasUri ke zAstrArtha kA prabhAvaka caritra meM ullekha karate to unheM durlabharAja ke samakSa jinezvarasUri dvArA kahI gaI usa mahattvapUrNa bAta kA ullekha bhI avazya karanA par3atA, jisameM AgamoM ko hI kevala prAmANika mAnane kI mAnyatA ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA thA aura paMcAMgI ko kisI bhI dazA meM .
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________________ 474 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 AgamoM ke samakakSa mAnane se spaSTa inkAra kiyA gayA thaa| isa prakAra ke ullekha kA usa samaya ke suvihita paramparA ke una vibhinna gacchoM yA anuyAyiyoM para, jinameM ki kevala AgamoM ke sthAna para sampUrNa paMcAMgI ko prAmANika mAnane kI mAnyatA dRr3ha hotI calI jA rahI thI, kitanA ghAtaka prabhAva hotA, isakA pratyeka niSpakSa vijJa sahaja hI anumAna lagA sakatA hai| uparyullikhita tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM taTastha dRSTi se vicAra karane para yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki jinezvarasUri ne caityavAsiyoM ko durlabharAja kI rAja sabhA meM zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara aNahillapura paTTaNa meM zatAbdiyoM se pratibandhita vasativAsa kI paramparA ko pratiSThApita kiyaa| jinezvarasUri kI zAstrArtha meM jo vijaya huI vaha kevala eka isI mAnyatA ke bala para huI ki ve kevala gaNadharoM aura caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA grathita AgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnate the| AgamoM ke atirikta bhASyoM, TIkAoM, cUNiyoM, vRttiyoM Adi paMcAMgI ke aMgoM ko prAmANika nahIM mAnate the| isake atirikta uparyullikhita tathyoM se yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA, jo kAlAntara meM kharataragaccha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha huI, bhI prArambha meM kevala AgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnatI thI / jyoM-jyoM samaya vyatIta hotA gayA, caityavAsiyoM ke saMsarga athavA prabhAva se suvihita kahe jAne vAle gacchoM meM niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, vRttiyoM aura cUNiyoM ko bhI AgamoM ke samAna hI prAmANika mAnane kI pravRtti ghara karatI calI gii| zanaiH zanaiH usakA prabhAva samagra dharma krAnti ke rUpa meM kriyoddhAra karane vAle varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA para bhI bar3hatA gayA aura isa paramparA ke uttarakAlavartI prAcAryoM ne bhI caityavAsiyoM ke samAna aAgama virodhI prAcAra aMgIkAra kara liyA / ve bhI isa pAgama virodhI vicAradhArA meM baha gye| anya gacchoM ke AcAryoM kI bhAMti kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM meM bhI AgamoM se viparIta mAnyatAeM baddhamUla hotI gaIM aura unakA prAcAra-vicAra vyavahAra bhI kisa prakAra caityavAsiyoM ke hI anurUpa hotA gayA, isake anekoM udAharaNa samayasamaya ke jaina vAMgmaya meM upalabdha hote haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kharataragaccha ke sattaraveM paTTadhara AcArya zrI jina mahendrasUri ke jIvana se sambandhita eka uddharaNa labdha pratiSTha jaina itihAsajJa paM zrIkalyANa vijayajI ma0 ke grantha 'paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha' meM se yahAM avikala rUpeNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : (70) zrI jinamahendrasUri "vikrama samvat 1867 meM janma, 1885 meM dIkSA, samvat 1862 meM jodhapura mahArAjA mAnasiMhajI ke rAjyakAla meM prAcArya pada / zrI pAda
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 475 liptapura meM tapAgacchIya upAzraya ke Age hokara vAjiMtra bajAte hue jinamandira meM darzanArtha gye| zrIsaMghAdhipa ne saparivAra guru ko apane nivAsa sthAna para bulAkara svarNamudrAoM se navAMgapUjA kI aura dasa hajAra rupayA aura pAlakI saMgha ke samakSa bheMTa kii| vAcaka, pAThaka sAdhuvarga ko suvarNa rupya mudrAeM tathA mahAvastrAdi jJAnopakaraNa bheMTa kiye / zrI guru ne bhI 84 gacchIya samasta prAcArya tathA sahasra sAdhuoM ko mahAvastra aura pratyeka ko do-do rupya mudrAeM arpaNa kii|........" "phAlguna zudi dUja dine sarvatapAgacchIyAdi prAcArya sAdhUnupatyakAyAM saMrodhya zrI jinamahendrasUrayaH sarva saMghapatibhiH sArddha zrI mUlanAyaka jinagRhAgrato gatvA vidhinA sarveSAM kaMTheSu saMghamAlA sthaapitaa| anya gacchIyAcAryANAM kauzikAnAmiva manobhilASaM manasyaiva sthitaM / kharatara gacchezvara sUryodaya-teja-prakaratvAttadanuttIrya gItagamaturyavAdyamAnagajAzvazivikendradhvajAdi mahA pAdaliptapure jinagRhe. darzanaM vidhAya tapAgacchIyAcArya sthitopAzrayAgrato bhUtvA saMghAvAse ayAsiSuH bhUyo'pi tatrastha caturazItigacchIya dvAdazazatasAdhuvargebhyo mahAvastra rupyamudrAyugmaM pratyekaM pradattAni, tadavasare zrImad pUjyairbahutara dravyavyayaM kRtaM, tatsambandhaH pUrvavat punaH zrImadAdijinakozakucikAyugmaM zrI kharataragaNa zrAddhaztayA zraddhAlubhyaHsakAzAt gRhItaM, kucikAyugmaM tatpArve rakSitaM / " paTTAvalI kA Upara jo pATha diyA hai, isase aneka gupta bAteM dhvanita hotI haiM / phAlguna sudi 2 ke dina jinamahendrasUrijI pAdaliptapura meM upasthita saMghapatiyoM ko mAlA pahanAne vAle the, parantu dAdA kI TUka meM mUla nAyakajI ke sAmane mAlA pahinAne ke viSaya meM tapAgacchIya tathA anya gacchIya sabhI prAcArya viruddha the, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa jinamahendrasUrijI ne rAjakIya bala dvArA anya sabhI gacchoM ke prAcAryoM tathA sAdhuoM ko Upara jAne se rukavA diyA thA, phira Apane nirbhayatA se dAdA ke sAmane saMghapatiyoM ko mAlAeM pahinAne kA puruSArtha kiyA thaa| paTTAvalI ke kathanAnusAra yaha ghaTanA kharataragaccha ke sUryodaya ke teja kA prakAza thA, jisake sAmane anyagacchIya AcArya rUpa ulluoM ke netra cauMdhiyA gaye the| Upara se utara kara nagara ke mandira meM darzanArtha jAne ke prasaMga meM tapAgaccha ke upAzraya ke sAmane hokara gItavAditroM ke sAtha jAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki viziSTa prasaMgoM ke sivAya tapAgaccha ke upAzraya ke Age hokara gItavAditroM ke sAtha nikalanA khataragacchIya prAcAryoM ke liye banda hogaa| anyathA yahAM para ukta ullekha karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thii|
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________________ 476 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 paTTAvalI ke uparyukta pATha meM saMghapati dvArA apane nivAsa sthAna para jinamahendrasUri ko bulAkara svarNamudrAoM se navAMga pUjA karane aura dasa hajAra kI thailI bheMTa karane kI bAta kahI hai| ThIka to hai, saMghapati jaba dhanavAn hai to apane guru ko dhanahIna kaise rahane degaa| ina bAtoM se nizcita hotA hai ki unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke zrI pUjya nAma se pahicAne jAte jaina prAcArya aura yati ke nAma se prasiddha jaina sAdhu pUre parigrahadhArI bana cuke the| saMghapati ne apane AcArya tathA sAdhuoM ko vastra aura do-do rupaye bheMTa kiye, yaha eka sAdhAraNa bAta hai, parantu AcArya jinamahendra sUri dvArA pratyeka sAdhu ko do-do rupayoM ke sAtha vastra denA hamArI rAya meM ucita nahIM thaa| kucha bhI ho, parantu kharataragaccha ke atirikta anya sabhI gacchoM ke prAcArya tathA sAdhuoM ko Upara jAne se rokane vAle saMghapatiyoM se tathA unake guru zrI jinamahendrasUri se anya gaccha ke prAcAryoM tathA sAdhuoM ne vastra tathA mudrAoM kI dakSiNA lI hogI, isa bAta ko kauna mAna sakatA hai| jinake mana meM apanI sampradAya kA aura apanI AtmA kA kucha bhI gaurava hogA to ve dakSiNA to kyA unakI zakla taka dekhane ko taiyAra nahIM hoMge / .... ... paTTAvalI sakhyA 2326 meM ullikhita isa prakAra ke vivaraNa se to spaSTataH yahI pramANita hotA hai ki vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM isa yazasvinI paramparA kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM meM zaithilya isa sImA taka bar3ha gayA thA ki caityavAsiyoM aura isa suvihita kahI jAne vAlI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke AcAravicAra meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM raha gayA thaa| AgamoM meM pratipAdita jaina zramaNa kI caryA kI tulanA meM jinamahendrasUri jaise AcAryoM ke AcAra-vicAra vyavahAra para vicAra karane se to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zAstroM meM pratipAdita jinAjJA se usa samaya ke sAdhuoM kA koI kiMcinmAtra bhI sambandha nahIM raha gayA thaa| vaddhamAnasUri kI paramparA kharataragaccha sAmUhika virodha varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA ke AcAryoM dvArA jainadharma aura jaina zramaNAcAra ke Agamika svarUpa kI punaH pratiSThA ke liye jaba taka prayAsa kiye jAte rahe, taba taka caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA isa paramparA kA paga-paga para virodha kiyA jAtA rhaa| 1. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pRSTha 374 se 376, paM. zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja kRta, jAlaura, IsvI san 1966 meM mudrita /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 477 praNAhallapura paTTaNa meM vasativAsa kI sthApanA ke anantara yaha nagara cetyavAsiyoM aura vasativAsI paramparA ke sabhI gacchoM kA eka pramukha kAryakSetra bana gyaa| varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA ke prAcAryoM aura caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM meM paraspara pramukha pratispardhA thI / varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsiyoM kI anAgamika mAnyatAoM aura azAstrIya prAcAra-vicAra evaM ADambarapUrNa dhArmika karmakAMDoM, unake AyojanoM Adi ke unmUlana ke liye hI eka navIna dharmakrAMti kA sUtrapAtra kiyaa| isa kAraNa caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM kA varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA ke viruddha honA vastutaH svAbhAvika hI thaa| kintu caityavAsI paramparA kI jina janapriya, jana manoraMjanakArI evaM cittAkarSaka mAnyatAoM ko suvihita paramparA ke anyAnya gacchoM ke vibhinna prAcAryoM ne jinazAsana prabhAvanA ke nAma para apanA liyA thA, ve gaccha bhI varddhamAnasUri dvArA pracalita kI gaI krAntikArI paramparA ke virodhI bana gye| jinavallabhasUri aura jinadattasUri ke jIvana kAla meM isa prakAra ke virodhoM kI jhalaka jaina vAGmaya se dRSTigocara hotI hai| kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM "tato vAcanAcAryA jinavallabha garaNI katiciddinAni pattanabhUmau vihRtya na tAdRzo vizeSeNa bodho vidhAtu kasyApi zakyate yena sukhamutpadyate manasi / tatazca........ bhagavad bhariNata vidhidharmotpAdanAya citrakUTadezAdisu vihRtH|" isa ullekha se yahI AbhAsa hotA hai ki ahillapura paTTaNa meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha suvihita paramparA ke anya gacchoM ke anuyAyI bhI jinavallabhasUri ke virodhI bana gaye the / isa virodha ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI sambhavataH jinavallabhasUri ko pATaNa chor3akara cittaur3a kI ora vihAra karanA pdd'aa| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt apane jIvanakAla meM ve kabhI paTTaNa kI ora lauTakara nahIM Aye / anya kSetroM meM hI vicaraNa karate rhe| isI prakAra jinavallabhasUri ke paTTadhara prAcArya jinadattasUri ke jIvana vRtta se bhI yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke sAtha-sAtha anyAnya teraha gacchoM ke AcArya bhI jinadattasUri kA bar3e ugra rUpa se virodha karate rahe / vikrama kI sataravIM zatAbdI meM jinarAjasUri taka ke prAcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta para prakAza DAlane vAlI kharataragaccha kI eka anya paTTAvalI meM isa prakAra ke virodha ke spaSTa rUpeNa darzana hote haiN| ve ullekha isa prakAra haiM : "viNai dinI bAharI gayA cha, zrI jinadattasUri, tivArai, jinazekhara AvI pagai lAgaU, kahyau mAru........ "mAhi ghAto, guru sAthai lei aAvyA, ane re prAcArya kayaU e kADhayau hu~to tumhe aNapUchi kima mAhi pANyo, tivArai jinadattasUri
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________________ 478 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kahyo mhArai dAi ANai mai ghAlyo, zrI jinavallabhasUri na pro egurAhI jinazekhara, samasta saMgha 14 AcArya milI kAgro e bArau kADhayo nahitara the hI vihAra karo, jinadattasUri vihAra kIdhayo, upavAsa tIna kari smarayo, mUnahi kisahi arathi smaralo tU he, kahyo muhUrta tIna bIjai muhUrti mhUM nahiM pATa huo, gaccha sUM virodha hyoM, kisI-kisI disi vihAra karao, mAruvADi marusthali dizi vihAra kari je thI tumheM smarasyo te thI hUM juduuN| "khastaragacchIyA vRhad gurvAvalI" meM bhI isa prakAra ke virodha kI jhalaka dikhAI detI hai jaise ki : "vijJaptaM ca devabhadrAcArya:-"katiciddinAni pattanAdanyatra vihartavyam / " jinadattasUri--"evaM kariSyAmaH / " "anyadA jinazekhareNa vrata viSaye ayuktaM kRtaM kiMcit, tato devabhadrAcAryeNa nissAritaH............yadA zrI jinadattasUrayo bahibhUmau gatAstadA pAdayo patito bhariNatavAn-"madIyo anyAya kSantavyo vAramekam, na punaH kariSyAmi / " kRpoddhayaH zrI jinadattasUrayaH / pravezita : / pazcAt AcAryaiH bhariNatam-"na sukhAvaho bhavatAM bhaviSyati / " arthAt devabhadrAcArya ne jinadattasUri ko jinavallabhasUri ke paTTa para AsIna karane ke anantara kahA-"aba Apa katipaya dinoM taka ahillapura paTTaNa se bAhara anyatra.hI kahIM vihAra karate rheN|". jinadattasUri ne kahA- "aisA hI kruugaa|" eka dina jinazekhara ne vrata pAlana meM kisI prakAra kA aparAdha kara diyaa| devabhadrAcArya ne use saMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyaa| jinazekhara ne jinadattasUri ke caraNoM meM girakara apane aparAdha ke lie kSamA cAhate hue prArthanA kI ki ve use punaH saMgha meM sammilita kara leN| karuNAnidhi jinadattasUri ne punaH use saMgha meM sammilita kara liyaa| isa para devabhadrAcArya ne kahA-"yaha Apake lie kadApi sukhAvaha nahIM hogaa|" samayasundara upAdhyAya ne bhI isa virodha para pUrNa rUpeNa spaSTa prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai-"zrI jinavallabhasUri niSkAsita sAdhu madhyagrahaNena trayo
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________________ [ 476 dazAcArye zrI jinadattasUri gacchAt bahiSkRtaH tataH pada sthApanA kArakaM zrAvakaM pRSTvA varSa trayAvadhi kRtvA nirgataH / " sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 yathA : ] arthAt jinavallabhasUri dvArA saMgha se niSkAsita sAdhu ( jinazekhara ) ko punaH apane gaccha meM le lene ke aparAdha meM gaccha ke 13 prAcAryoM ne zrI jinadattasUri ko gaccha se bahiSkRta kara diyA / taba padasthApanA kAraka zrAvaka ko pUcha kara zrI jinadattasUri anyatra vihAra kara gaye / aMcalagaccha kI zatapadI nAmaka samAcArI meM bhI isa prakAra kA ullekha hai kharataragaccha jinadatta kriyAkozacchedo'yaM yatkRtastataH / saMghoktabhItitaste'bhUdAruhyoSTra palAyanam / / ( pravacana parIkSA, 4 vizrAma, pR0 368 ) arthAt he jinadatta ! tumane striyoM dvArA jinendra kI mUrti kI pUjA kiye jAne kA virodha karake kriyA ke koSAgAra para prahAra kiyA hai / isI aparAdha meM saMgha ke bhaya se bhayabhIta ho tumheM UMTa para ArUr3ha hokara aNahillapura paTTaNa se palAyana karanA par3A hai / caityavAsiyoM tathA suvihita paramparA ke katipaya gacchoM dvArA kiye gaye kharataragaccha ke virodha ne antatogatvA sambhavataH bar3A ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hogA / isakA anumAna hameM jinadattasUri dvArA racita apabhraMza bhASA ke "upadeza rasAyana rAsa" nAmaka grantha se bhI hotA hai / yathA : "vihiceIhari vihikarevai, karahi uvAya bahutti ti levai / jai vihi jiNahari avihi kayaTTai / tAdhiu sattuyamajbhi paluTTai ||23|| jai kira naravai ki vi dUsamavasa tAhi vihi vihiceiya dasa / taha vina dhammiya vihi viNu jhagaDahi jaite savvi vi uTThahi laguDihi ||24|| yadi kila ke'pi nRpatayaH kecana nirvivekino lubdhA duHkha (Sa) mAvazAd duSTakAlamAhAtmyAllobhAbhibhUtAsteSAmapya vidhikAriNAmarpayanti pUjanAya vidhi caityAni "dazeti yamakAnurodhena tena trINi catvAri veti draSTavyam / " tathApi vidhi caityApahAre'pi dhArmikA vidhi vinA muktimantareNa na taiH saha kalahAyante / yadi te * bipakSA sarve'pyuttiSThante laguDaiH prahatu mityarthaH / / 24 / / :
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________________ 480 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 dhammiu dhammukajju sAhaMtau paru mArai kIvai jujjhatau / tu vi tasu dhammu atthi na hu nAsai paramapai nivasai so sAsai / / 26 / / dhArmiko dharmakArya vidhicaityagrahaNAdikaM sAdhayan san kadAcit paraM vipakSaM tadupaghAtAya pravRttaM kathamapi marmaprahArAdinA vyApAdayati yudhyamAnastena saha tathApi tasya nizcayanayena dharmo'styeva kevalaM vidhipravartanAya vidhicaityagrahaNapravRtteH / na tu naiva tadvyApAdanena dharmo nazyati / tathA ca krameNa paramapade mokSe nivasati sa zAzvate / ayamarthaH bhAvArthaH dhArmika kevala vidhividhAna lAlasaH san pravidhi sarvathA asahamAno pravidhi kArakAn "jiNapavayaNassa ahiyaM savvatthAmeNa vArei" tti siddhAntavacanAnusmaraNena yathA tathA nivArayan kadAcit paraM hanyAdapi tathApyatyanta zuddhamanaskatvAt zuddhacAritraparipAlanapravRttasahasAkAranipAtitadvIndriyAdi mahAmunivanniSpApa eva / tathA cocyate uccAliyammi pAe iriyAsamiyassa sNkmtttthaae| vAvajjijja kuliMgI marijja taM yogamAsajja / / na ya tassa tannimitto, baMdho suhumo vi desino samae / aNavajjohapogeNa, savvabhAveNa so jamhA / / ityarthaH / / 26 / / arthAt yadi vidhi dvArA sthApita vidhi caityagRha meM koI vyakti yA samUha pravidhi caitya jaisI pravRttiyAM karatA hai aura usa vidhi caitya ko prapaMca racakara apane adhikAra meM kara vahAM sabhI prakAra kI pravidhi caitya kI gatividhiyoM ko pracalita karatA hai to yaha bhI eka prakAra se sattU meM ghRta DAlane ke tulya hI hai| isa padya kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki yadi koI rAjA athavA koI avivekI lobhavaza athavA duHSamA kAla ke prabhAva se una vidhi caityoM ko pravidhi kAriyoM ko pUjA ke liye sauMpa detA hai to bhI dhArmika loga apane vidhi caityoM ke china jAne para bhI kalaha nahIM karate / arthAt vipakSI loga ekatrita ho DaMDoM kA prahAra kareM to bhI unake sAtha kalaha karane ko udyata nahIM hote / isase Age ke padya meM jinadattasUri kahate haiM ki yadi koI dhArmika vyakti apane vidhi caitya meM dhArmika kArya kara rahA ho athavA dUsaroM ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye apane vidhi caitya ko apane adhikAra meM lene kA prayAsa kara rahA ho aura usa avasthA meM vipakSI loga usako mArane ke lie pravRtta hote hoM, usa dazA meM yadi vaha vidhi caitya kA upAsaka una pravidhikAriyoM ke sAtha yuddha karatA huA kisI pravidhikArI para marma prahAra kara usakA hanana bhI kara detA hai to usa pravidhikArI ke hanana se usa vidhicaityAnuyAyI dhArmika vyakti kA dharma naSTa nahIM hotaa|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 481 vaha to antatogatvA parama pada mokSa meM hI nivAsa karatA hai| TIkAkAra ne isako aura spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki vidhi vidhAna ke anusAra vidhicaitya meM vidhi sahita upAsanA arcA karane kI lAlasA liye athavA apane vidhicaitya meM pravidhi kAryoM kI pravRttiyoM ko sahana na kara sakane ke kAraNa "jina pravacana ke ahita karane vAle kArya" ko pUrI zakti ke sAtha rokane kA prayAsa karatA hai|" isa siddhAnta vacana ke anusAra yadi vaha dhArmika vyakti jina pravacana kA ahita karane vAle logoM meM se kisI ko mAra bhI DAlatA hai to bhI vaha zuddha adhyavasAya ke kAraNa vizuddha cAritra kI paripAlanA meM pravRtta usa mahA muni ke samAna niSpApa hI hogA, jisase vizuddha cAritra ke nirvahanArtha pUrNa yatanA ke sAtha gamanAgamana karate samaya dvIndriya Adi kisI prANI kI sahasA anajAna meM hatyA ho gaI ho| upadeza rasAyana rAsa ke ina ullekhoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para kharataragaccha ke virodha meM ugra rUpa dhAraNa kI huI tatkAlIna sthiti kA spaSTataH AbhAsa hotA hai| ina padyoM se yahI dhvani prakaTa hotI hai ki jinavallabhasUri ne aNahillapura paTTaNa meM aneka vidhi caityoM kI sthApanA kii| caityavAsI paramparA ke varcasvakAla meM caityanirmANa Adi ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma saMgha meM praviSTa huI vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane ke uddezya se kharataragaccha dvArA prArambha kiyA gayA vidhi caitya nirmANa kA abhiyAna bhI vastutaH eka prakAra kI dharma krAnti athavA kriyoddhAra kA hI rUpa thaa| jinavallabhasUri ke upadezoM se nirmApita vidhi caityoM para virodhiyoM ne saMgaThita ho adhikAra kara liyaa| kharataragaccha ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA jaba apane vidhi caityoM para punaH apanA adhikAra kiye jAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA to sambhavataH mahArAjA siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM una anyAnya gacchAnuyAyI virodhiyoM ne rAjAjJA dvArA una vidhi caityoM para adhikAra karane meM saphalatA prApta kii| apane eka vidhicaitya para pravidhi caitya ke upAsakoM dvArA rAjAjJA ke mAdhyama se adhikAra kara liye jAne para jinavallabhasUri ne upadeza dekara dUsare vidhi caitya kA nirmANa krvaayaa| usa para bhI virodhiyoM ne adhikAra kara liyaa| isa prakAra apane cAra pAMca athavA ATha dasa vidhi caityoM para virodhiyoM dvArA adhikAra kara liye jAne para jinavallabhasUri ne isa prakAra kI sthiti kA aura sAtha hI sAtha caityavAsI paramparA kA virodha prArambha kiyaa| usa samaya taka caityavAsI paramparA ne avasarAnukUla samanvayavAdI nIti kA avalambana lekara pATaNa saMgha para apanA varcasva banAye rakhA thA / jinavallabhasUri kI isa prakAra kI bahumata virodhI gatividhiyoM se ruSTa hokara pATaNa saMgha ne unheM saMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyaa| isa prakAra kI vidveSapUrNa sthiti meM apane liye apanI mAnyatA ke pracAraprasAra ke srotoM ko avaruddha samajhakara jinavallabhasUri ko pATaNa se vihAra karanA
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________________ 482 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 par3A aura ve jIvana bhara pATaNa rAjya kI sImAoM se bAhara cittaur3a Adi sthAnoM meM vidhi caityoM kI sthApanA ke mAdhyama se apanI paramparA kA pracAra-prasAra karane meM saMlagna rhe| jinavallabhasUri ke pATaNa se cale jAne ke anantara jinadattasUri ne apane anuyAyiyo kI apane vidhi caityoM para punaH adhikAra karane kA isa prakAra kA upadeza diyA ki jisakI jhalaka Upara likhita padyoM meM suspaSTa rUpa se dRSTigocara hotI hai| jinadattasUri ke isa prakAra ke upadezoM ko uttejaka aura zAnti bhaMga karane vAle batAkara virodhiyoM ne, jinameM sunizcita rUpa se caityavAsI aura suvihita paramparA ke anyAnya katipaya gaccha bhI sammilita the, rAjAjJA dvArA jinadattasUri ko pATana rAjya se niSkAsita karavA diyaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki jinavallabhasUri ke samAna unake paTTadhara AcArya jinadattasUri bhI apane jIvanakAla meM punaH kabhI pATana meM lauTakara nahIM Aye / jaina vAMGmaya' isa prakAra kI sAkSI upalabdha hotI hai ki cAlukyarAja dvitIya bhImadeva (vikrama samvat 1236 se 1268) ke zAsanakAla taka paurNamika, kharataragaccha Adi katipaya gacchoM ke AcAryoM, sAdhuoM Adi kA pATana meM AnA-jAnA banda thaa| jinavallabhasUri aura jinadattasUri ke jIvana-kAla meM vidhicaitya aura pravidhi caitya kA vivAda deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM phailaa| jisa prakAra Ayatana anAyatana kA vivAda caityavAsiyoM ke hrAsonmukha kAla meM jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke liye pramukha prazna banA huA thA, usI prakAra vidhi avidhi caitya kA vivAda jinavallabhasUri ke samaya meM jaina saMgha meM utpanna huaa| isa vivAda ne jinadattasUri ke AcAryakAla meM bar3A ugra rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| isa prazna ko lekara vibhinna gacchoM ke AcAryoM meM aneka bAra zAstrArtha bhI hue| vidhi caitya ke sambandha meM yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to yaha tathya prakAza meM AegA ki vidhi caitya bhI vastutaH kriyoddhAra kA hI eka aMga thA / caityavAsiyoM ke abhyudaya utkarSa evaM apakarSa kAla meM caityavAsI sAdhu caityoM meM hI niyata nivAsa karate the / ve loga una caityoM meM azana, pAna, zayana, snAna, nara-nAriyoM ke sAmUhika kIrtana, rAtri jAgaraNa va nartakiyoM ke nRtya-saMgIta evaM tAmbUla carvaNaM Adi sabhI kArya-kalApa karate rahate the / suvihita paramparA ke abhyudaya ke anantara caityavAsiyoM kI ina saba pravRttiyoM kA prArambha meM ghora virodha kiyA gayA aura suvihita paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA nirmApita caityagRhoM meM sAdhu sAdhviyoM kA niyata nivAsa, rAtri meM striyoM kA praveza, tAmbUla carvaNa Adi aneka kArya niSiddha the| kAlAntara meM zanaiH zanaiH suvihita paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA banavAye gaye mandiroM meM bhI rAtri meM strI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 483 puruSoM ke sAmUhika bhajana kIrtana rAtri jAgaraNa Adi prArambha ho gaye / jinavallabhasUri ne jina caityoM kI sthApanA-pratiSThA kI, unameM unhoMne isa prakAra kI vyavasthA kI ki una caityoM meM utsUtra, sUtroM-pAgamoM se viparIta prarUpaNA na ho, rAtri meM snAna Adi kArya kalApa kadApi na kiye jAyaM, ina mandiroM para kisI bhI sAdhu kA svAmitva na rahegA, aura na inake prati sAdhuoM ke mana meM mamatva bhAva / rAtri meM koI bhI strI ina mandiroM meM praveza nahIM kara sakegI, yahAM varNa, jAti prAdi kA kisI prakAra kA bhedabhAva, kadAgraha nahIM rakhA jAyagA aura zrAvaka zrAvikA varga dvArA ina mandiroM meM tAmbUla carvaNa kabhI nahIM kiyA jaaygaa| isa prakAra ke niyamoM athavA vidhi-vidhAnoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jinavallabhasUri ne apane anuyAyiyoM dvArA banavAye gaye athavA banavAye jAne vAle caityoM ko vidhi caitya kI saMjJA dii|' kharataragaccha ke virodhiyoM dvArA utpanna kI gaI isa prakAra kI sthiti ke kAraNa hI jinavallabhasUri, unake ziSya jinadattasUri dvArA pATaNa chor3ane ke pazcAt jinadattasUri ke ziSya jinacandrasUri aura unake ziSya jinapatisUri apane jIvana kAla meM kabhI pATaNa meM nahIM aaye| isa prakAra kA sAmpradAyika vaimanasya, pArasparika virodha uttarottara bar3hatA hI gyaa| vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura vikrama kI satrahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama tIna dazakoM meM to yaha vaimanasya carama sImA taka pahuMca gyaa| apane samaya ke mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka tapAgacchIya AcAryazrI hIravijayasUri kA prazraya prApta kara upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne apane gaccha tapAgaccha ko chor3a zeSa sabhI gacchoM kA khaMDana karate hue eka vizAlakAya "kupatha kauzika sahasra kiraNa" "zrI pravacana parIkSA" nAmaka grantha aura anya choTe moTe aneka granthoM kI racanAeM kiiN| ina granthoM meM mukhyataH pravacana parIkSA meM upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne kharataragaccha kI bar3I hI sarvAdhika kaTu aura tIkhI AlocanA kI hai| upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne varddhamAnasUri dvArA prArambha kI gaI paramparA ke prAcArya jinavallabhasUri ko unake jIvana ke antakAla taka caityavAsI paramparA kA hI zramaNa batAyA atrotsUtra janakramo na ca na ca snAtraM rajanyAM sadA / sAdhUnAM mamatAzrayo na ca na ca strINAM pravezo nizi / jAti jJAti kadAgraho na ca na ca zrAddheSu tAmbUlamityAjJAtreyamanizcite vidhikRte zrI jaina caityAlaye / / (citrakUTa gar3ha kI talahaTI meM jinavallabhasUri dvArA banavAye gaye vidhi caitya ke stambha para utkIrNa evaM uTaMkita prazasti kA zloka)
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________________ 484 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 hai| isI prakAra upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne jinadattasUri ke lie azobhanIya bhASA kA prayoga karate hue unheM "auSTrika aura unake gaccha ko auSTrika gaccha cAmuMDAgaccha kharatara mahAn gardabhagaccha taka kI saMjJA de DAlI hai, jina para ki jinadattasUri ke jIvanavRtta meM paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai|' isa sAmpradAyika vidveSa ke kAraNa virodhiyoM ne na kevala jinavallabha aura jinadattasUri kI hI AlocanA kI, apitu jina varddhamAnasUri ne mahAn dharma krAnti kA sUtrapAta kara jaina dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke bhUle-bisare vizuddha svarUpa ko jana-jana ke samakSa prakaTa kara jinazAsana ko punarudyotita kiyA, una mahAn prAcArya varddhamAnasUri kI kaTu AlocanA karane meM bhI kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rkhii| isa sambandha meM upAdhyAya dharmasAgara dvArA racita kupakSa kauzika sahasra kiraNaM (pravacana parIkSA) nAmaka kRti kI nimnalikhita gAthA paThanIya hai : na nu vaDDhamANasUrI jaha taha jiNavallaho vi sNjaao| sesaM jiNavaisuttaNamiya ce aisundaraM vayaNaM / / nanu bho ! yathA zrI varddhamAnasUrizcaityavAsaM parityajya zrI udyotanasUrimupasampadya visaMbhogikaH sanna va sUrerAjJayA vijahAra tathA jinavallabho'pi caityavAsaM parityajya zrI abhayadeva sUrimevopasampadya visaMbhogika eva sUrerAjJayA caityavAsinAM samudAyaM pratibodhayan vijahAra / __ isa gAthA aura isakI TIkA ke mAdhyama se upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsa kA parityAga kiyaa| unhoMne udyotanasUri ke pAsa Akara upasampadA bhI grahaNa kI kintu udyotanasUri ne unheM apane dharma saMgha meM, saMbhoga Adi zramaNa paripATI ke mAdhyama se sammilita nahIM kiyaa| varddhamAnasUri jIvana bhara udyotanasUri kI AjJA se pRthak hI vicaraNa karate rhe| ThIka isI prakAra (varddhamAnasUri kI bhAMti hI) jinavallabha bhI caityavAsa kA parityAga kara navAMgI vRttikAra zrI abhayadevasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hue aura unase unhoMne jJAnopasampadA grahaNa kii| kintu abhayadevasUri ne jinavallabhasUri ko bhI sadA visaMbhogika hI rakhate hue saMbhoga Adi prakriyA ke mAdhyama se unheM kabhI apane saMgha meM sammilita nahIM kiyA / abhayadevasUri kI AjJA se jinavallabhasUri jIvana bhara caityavAsI paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM ko pratibodha dete hue hI vicaraNa karate rahe / 1. pravacana parIkSA pRSTha 306, gAthA saMkhyA 70 va 71 |
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 / kharataragaccha [ 485 isa prakAra upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne na kevala zrI varddhamAnasUri ko hI apitu unake dvArA pracalita kI gaI zramaNa paramparA ko mUlataH suvihita paramparA se bhinna alaga-thalaga paramparA hI siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| nimnalikhita gAthA meM to upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne kharataragaccha kI AlocanA karane meM parAkASThA hI pAra kara dI hai / vaha gAthA isa prakAra hai : tIe pamANakaraNe, apamAraNaM sAsaNaM samaggaM pi / kAyavvaM vivarIyA, jeNaM doNNaM vi do paMthA / / TIkA :-kharataramatamaryAdAyAH pramANakaraNe samagramapi jinazAsanamapramANaM karttavyamApadyatetigamyaM, yena kAraNena kharataramaryAdAnapravacanayoyoviparItau paMthAnausta, na hi pUrvAbhimukhamuvrajan pazcimAbhimukhamuvrajantaM milati, na vA tau samabhilaSitamekaM nagaraM prApnutaH iti,".... ___arthAt kharataragaccha kI maryAdAoM ko prAmANika mAna lene para samagra jinazAsana ko hI aprAmANika mAnane jaisI sthiti utpanna ho jAyegI kyoMki kharataragaccha kI maryAdA aura jina-pravacana ye donoM paraspara eka-dUsare se bhinna aura viparIta dizAoM meM le jAne vAle haiM / jisa prakAra eka vyakti pUrva kI ora muMha karake cala rahA hai aura dUsarA pazcima kI ora abhimukha ho to ve donoM kabhI Apasa meM nahIM mila sakate aura na hI donoM eka hI nagara meM pahuMca sakate haiM; ThIka isI prakAra kharataragaccha kI maryAdAeM bhI jina-pravacanoM se bhinna aura viparIta dizA meM le jAne vAlI haiN| kharataragaccha ko zAkhA varddhamAnasUri se lekara unake sAtaveM paTTadhara jinapatisUri taka kAlAntara meM kharataragaccha nAma se prasiddha rahI zrI varddhamAnasUri kI paramparA sugaThita eka ikAI ke rUpa meM jinazAsana kA pracAra-prasAra karatI rahI / jinapatisUri ke ziSya dvitIya jinezvarasUri ke samaya meM, vikrama samvat 1280 meM kharataragaccha ko do pRthak prAcAryoM ke netRtva meM do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA / kharataragaccha meM do zAkhAoM ke prAdurbhAva ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai : "jinapatisUri ke paTTadhara dvitIya jinezvarasUri eka samaya pallUpura nAmaka nagara kI apanI pauSadhazAlA meM baiThe hue the| sahasA unake karNarandhroM meM 'taD 1. pravacana parIkSA pUrva bhAga, pRSTha 306, 310 ratalAma se san 1937 meM prakAzita /
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 taD-taT' kI dhvani sunAI dii| kAraNa kI khoja karane para unheM jJAta huA ki eka ora rakkhA unakA daMDa svataH hI TUTakara do Tukar3e ho gayA hai| unhoMne vicAra kara apane ziSyoM se kahA :-"aba aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hamArA yaha yazasvI kharataragaccha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jaaygaa| aisI sthiti meM maiM apane hAtha se hI ise do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara dUM to ati uttama rhegaa|" jinezvarasUri (dvitIya) ke do pramukha ziSya the| eka kA nAma thA jinasiMhasUri jo ki janmanA zrImAla jAti ke the| unake dUsare ziSya kA nAma jinaprabodhasUri thA, jo ki prosavAla vaMza meM utpanna hue the| apane ina donoM ziSyoM ko AcArya pada dekara apane saMgha ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karane kA jisa samaya jinezvarasUri vicAra kara rahe the, usI samaya zrImAla saMgha apane pradeza meM vicaraNa karane ke liye kisI vidvAn zramaNa ko bhejane kI prArthanA lekara jinezvarasUri ke samakSa upasthita humA / vibhinna nagaroM evaM grAmoM se Aye hue zrImAla jAti ke pratinidhiyoM ne jinezvarasUri ko vandana-namana ke pazcAt nivedana kiyA-- "svAmin ! hamAre pradeza meM dharma guruoM kA Agamana nahIM hotA / dharma gurupoM, sAdhusAdhviyoM kA hamAre kSetra meM vicaraNa na hone ke kAraNa hama logoM kA dharmArAdhana niyamita rUpa se bhalI-bhAMti nahIM hotA / sAdhuoM ke abhAva kI sthiti meM hama loga kyA kareM? ataH Apase prArthanA hai ki Apa koI aisI vyavasthA kareM ki jisase hamAre kSetra meM bhI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA vicaraNa niyamita rUpa se hotA rahe aura hama loga dharmArAdhana kara apane jIvana ko sArthaka kara skeN|" . zrImAla saMgha kI prArthanA sunakara AcAryazrI jinezvarasUri dvitIya ne unheM apane ziSya jinasiMhasUri kI ora iMgita karate hue kahA-"aAja se Apa logoM ke guru ye jinasiMha haiN|" unhoMne zrImAla vaMzotpanna jinasiMhasUri ko apane paTTa para apane paTTadhara prAcArya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA aura unakA nAma jayasiMhasUri rakkhA / jinezvarasUri ne apane ziSya jayasiMhasUri se kahA-"vatsa ! ye samagra zrAvaka-zrAvikA samUha tumheM sauMpatA huuN| tuma apane zramaNa-zramaNI saMgha ke sAtha inake kSetra meM vicaraNa karate hue jinazAsana kA pracAra-prasAra kro|" - zrI jinasiMhasUri ne guru prAjJA ko zirodhArya kara apane una pramukha zrAvakoM ke sAtha saMgha sahita zrImAla kSetra kI ora vihAra kiyaa| jinasiMhasUri ke zrImAla kSetra meM pahuMcate hI grAma-grAma aura nagara-nagara se zrImAla jainoM ke vizAla samUha apane dharmaguru ke darzanoM ke liye upasthita hone lge| vibhinna nagaroM evaM grAmoM se Aye hue una zrImAla saMghoM ne jinasiMhasUri ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA-bhakti prakaTa karate hae samaveta svaroM meM yaha ghoSaNA kI-"Aja se ye zraddheya jinasiMhasUri hamAre dharmAcArya haiN|"
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ jinezvarasUri ne apane dUsare ziSya jina- prabodha ko bhI apanA paTTadhara evaM AcArya pada pradAna kiyA / 487 isa prakAra vikrama samvat 1280 meM kharataragaccha meM do zAkhAoM kA prAdurbhAva huA aura donoM hI zAkhAeM apane-apane AcArya ke niyantraNa meM rahatI huIM sva-para-kalyANa meM nirata rahIM / zrI jinasiMhasUri kI paramparA meM vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI meM zrI jinaprabhasUri nAmaka eka mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka evaM yazasvI granthakAra prAcArya hue / unhoMne bAdazAha tugalaka mohammadazAha ko pratibodha dekara aneka mAriyAM ghoSita karavAIM / tugalaka mohammadazAha ne inheM apane darabAra meM viziSTa sammAna pradAna kiyaa| jisa prakAra vikrama kI saulahavIM satrahavIM zatAbdI meM bAdazAha akabara hIra vijayasUri kA sammAna karate the, usI prakAra vikrama kI caudahavIM zatI meM tugalaka mohammada zAha zrI jinaprabhasUri kA sammAna karate the / zrI jinaprabhasUri vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke na kevala jinazAsana prabhAvaka hI apitu mahAn granthakAra grAcArya hue haiM / unhoMne vikrama samvat 1352 sAhitya sRjana kA kArya prArambha kiyA jo vikrama samvat 1390 ke pazcAt taka anavarata rUpa se calatA rahA / Apane 27 granthoM aura 73 stotroM kI racanA kI / zrI jinaprabhasUri ne vikrama samvat 1363 meM ayodhyA nagarI meM 'vidhi prapA' nAmaka eka vizAla grantha kI aura vikrama samvat 1360 meM 'vividha tIrthakalpa' nAmaka bar3e hI mahattvapUrNa grantha kI racanA kI, jo grAja bhI jaina samAja ke bahusaMkhyaka varga meM itihAsa aura dharma donoM hI dRSTiyoM se bahumAnya grantharatna haiM / isa grantha ke nididhyAsana se pratyeka pAThaka ke hRdaya para zrI jinaprabhasUri dvArA kiye gaye athak prayAsa kI chApa aMkita ho jAtI hai / vastutaH zrI jinaprabhasUri ne bhArata ke isa taTa se usa taTa taka aura isa chora se usa chora taka varSoM taka bhramaNa kara aneka aitihAsika sthaloM ke pratyakSa darzana karane ke pazcAt isa grantharatna kI racanA kI hai / zrI jinaprabhasUri kI lekhanI meM bar3A camatkAra evaM adbhut proja thA / sAmpradAyika vidveSa ke yuga meM jisa samaya tapAgaccha ke vidvAn lekhakoM dvArA anya gacchoM kI aura mukhyataH kharataragaccha kI kaTutara AlocanA kI jA rahI thI, usa samaya zrI jinaprabhasUri ne 'tapoTamata- kuTTana' nAmaka grantha nirmita kiyA / unhoMne usa grantha meM " hinasti janmanyekatra, zAkinI mudgalagrahaH / tapoTakugrahasveSa, praNihanti bhave bhave / / " isa prakAra ke zlokoM kI racanA kara Apane-apane virodhiyoM ke mukha banda kara diye /
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________________ } [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 zrI jinaprabhasUri dvArA isa prakAra kI prati kaTu bhASA meM kI gaI AlocanA se yaha tathya spaSTataH prakAza meM AtA hai ki vikrama samvat 1626 meM apanI pravacana parIkSA Adi khaMDanAtmaka kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se jaina saMgha meM pArasparika vidveSAgni ko prati pracaMDa rUpa meM uddIpta karane vAle tapAgacchIya upAdhyAya dharmasAgarajI se lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva vikrama samvat 1363 meM vidhi prapA ke racanAkAra AcAryazrI jinaprabhasUri ke samaya meM bhI jaina dharma saMgha pArasparika kalaha arthAt sAmpradAyika vidveSa kI agni meM vidagdha ho rahA thA / kharataragaccha kI prazAkhAeM kharataragaccha meM samaya-samaya para jo zAkhA prazAkhAeM utpanna huIM, saMkSepa meM unakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 488 1. vikrama samvat 1204 meM zrI jinazekharAcArya se rudrapallIya kharatara zAkhA kA prAdurbhAva huA / 2. vi0 saM0 1205 meM zrI jinadattasUri ke jIvana ke sandhyA - kAla meM madhukara kharatara zAkhA kA udbhava huA / 3. vi0 saM0 1222 meM jinezvarasUri ke samaya begaDa kharatara zAkhA kA udgama huA / 4. vi0 saM0 1280 meM jinezvarasUri 'dvitIya' ne jina prabodha aura jinasiMha nAmaka apane do pramukha ziSyoM ko apane do uttarAdhikArI prAcAryoM ke rUpa meM paTTadhara niyukta kara apane kharataragaccha meM vRhat kharataragaNa aura laghu kharataragaraNa nAmaka do zAkhAoM kI sthApanA kI / 5. vi0 saM0 1461 meM zrI varddhamAnasUri ne pippaliyA kharataragaccha kI sthApanA kI / samaya sundara kRta paTTAvalI meM vi0 saM0 1461 meM zrI jinavarddhanasUri se pippaliyA kharataragaccha ke utpanna hone kA ullekha hai / 6. vi0 saM0 1560 meM zrI zAntisAgara AcArya ne 'AcAryA' nAmaka kharataragaccha kI naI zAkhA kA pracalana kiyA / 7. vi0 saM0 1612 meM bhAvaharSa garie ne kharataragaccha meM apane nAma para bhAva harSIyA zAkhA ko janma diyA / 8. vi0 saM0 1675 meM zrI raMgavijayasUri ne kharataragaccha meM apane nAma para raMgavijayA zAkhA kI sthApanA kI /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 486 6. vi0 saM0 1675 meM hI kharataragaccha meM zrI sArajI se zrI sAragaccha nAmaka zAkhA kI utpatti huii| 10. vi0 saM0 1687 meM zrI jinasAgarasUri ne laghu prAcAryA nAmaka eka navIna zAkhA kA kharataragaccha meM pracalana kiyaa| uparivaNita sabhI vivaraNoM ke sandarbha meM taTastha dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane para nimnalikhita tathya spaSTa rUpa se prakAza meM Ate haiM - vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM zrI varddhamAnasUri nAmaka caityavAsI vidvAn zramaNa ne prArambhika Agamika adhyayana se prabuddha ho tatkAlIna jaina saMgha meM AmUlacUla samagra krAnti karane kA dRr3ha-saMkalpa kiyaa| apane caityavAsI guru dvArA diye gaye sabhI prakAra ke pralobhanoM ko ThukarAkara unhoMne samAna vicAra vAle apane katipaya caityavAsI zramaNoM ke sAtha apane guru se antima vidA le caityavAsa kA parityAga kiyaa| caityavAsI paramparA ke zatAbdiyoM se cale A rahe akhaMDa evaM sArvabhauma varcasva ke kAraNa usa samaya sarvajJa praNIta vizuddha jaina dharma ke svarUpa ko apane zramaNa jIvana meM DhAlakara usakA yathAtathya rUpa se upadeza karane vAle aura AgamoM meM nirdiSTa vizuddha zramaNa caryA kA nirdoSa rUpa se pAlana karane vAle zramaNoM kI saMkhyA nitAnta svalpAtisvalpa mAtrA meM avaziSTa raha gaI thii| varddhamAnasUri ne jaina dharmasaMgha meM sampUrNa krAnti kA sUtrapAta karane se pUrva AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta karanA anivAryarUpeNa Avazyaka samajhA kyoMki AgamoM ke gahana adhyayana ke binA prabhu mahAvIra dvArA tIrtha pravartana ke samaya saMsAra ke samakSa rakhe gaye jaina dharma ke adhyAtma pradhAna vizuddha svarUpa kA aura vizuddha zramaNa caryA kA bodha honA nitAnta duSkara thaa| apane uddezya kI pUrti ke liye ve AgamoM meM nirdiSTa prAdhyAtmika patha para nirantara agrasara hone vAle Agama marmajJa guru kI khoja meM eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM apratihata vihAra karane lge| paryApta prayAsa ke pazcAt dillI ke AsapAsa apanI kalpanA ke anurUpa sacce guru ke hone kI sUcanA unheM milI / varddhamAnasUri khoja karate hue unakI sevA meM upasthita hue / ve zramaNa zreSTha vanavAsI (araNyacArI) paramparA ke virala santa the / unakA nAma thA udyotanasUri / ziSya paramparA ke nAma para unake pAsa eka bhI ziSya avaziSTa nahIM raha gayA thaa| varddhamAnasUri ne una zramaNottama udyotanasUri ko vandana namana ke pazcAt apanA paricaya diyA / jaba udyotanasUri ko yaha vidita huA ki yaha sAhasI zramaNa vizuddha jaina dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke vizuddha svarUpa para zithilAcArI ADambara
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________________ 460 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pradhAna caityavAsI nAmaka dravya paramparA dvArA chA dI gaI bhautikatA pradhAna ADambara pUrNa kAlI ghaTAoM ko chinna-bhinna kara saMsAra ke bhavya prANiyoM ke samakSa, jana-jana ke samakSa vizuddha jaina dharma aura Agamika vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa ko udbhAsita karanA cAhatA hai, to unheM nissIma prasannatA kA anubhava huaa| varddhamAnasUri ko udyotanasUri ke kucha hI kSaNoM ke sahavAsa se yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki jina Agama marmajJa vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pratipAlaka guru kI khoja meM ve the, unakI AzA ke pUrNataH anurUpa guru unheM mila gaye haiN| varddhamAnasUri ne tatkAla udyotanasUri ko apanA dharmaguru svIkAra karate hue unake pAsa upasampadA arthAt prAgama vidhi ke anusAra abhinava rUpa se nirgrantha zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| udyotanasUri ne apane parama jijJAsu naye ziSya varddhamAnasUri ko anupama udAratA aura tatparatA ke sAtha AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna denA prArambha kiyaa| kramazaH udyotanasUri ne apanA talasparzI AgamoM kA jJAna varddhamAnasUri ke antarhada meM uMDela diyaa| utkaTa adhyavasAya, pragAr3ha AsthA, aTUTa zraddhA aura vinaya ke sAtha aharniza abhyAsa meM nirata rahate hue kuzAgra buddhi varddhamAnasUri ne kucha hI samaya meM AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kara liyaa| udyotanasUri ne sarvajJa praNIta vizuddha jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra kI dizA meM varddhamAnasUri ko samIcIna rUpa se mArga-darzana karate hue yahI mUlamantra diyA ki carama tIrthaMkara prabhu mahAvIra dvArA tIrtha pravartana ke samaya diye gaye upadezoM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA graMthita dvAdazAMgI aura dvAdazAMgI ke AdhAra para caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA niyUMr3ha (sAra rUpa meM saMkalita) kevala AgamoM meM nirdiSTa patha hI pratyeka mumukSu ke liye anukaraNIya va zreyaskara tathA antima rUpa se mAnya hai| apanI Ayu kA antima samaya samIpa pAyA jAnakara vanavAsI udyotanasUri ne apane ziSya varddhamAna muni ko sabhI bhAMti suyogya samajha kara apanA paTTadhara niyukta kiyA aura AlocanA saMlekhanApUrvaka pUrNa samAdhi ke sAtha svargArohaNa kiyaa| ___ apane guru ke svargArohaNa ke anantara varddhamAnasUri deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vicaraNa karate hue vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA aura dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa kA bodha jana-jana ko karAne lge| . . ujjayinI kI ora vihAra kAla meM varddhamAnasUri ko atIva kuzAgra buddhi aura veda-vedAMgoM ke udbhaTa vidvAn jinezvara aura buddhisAgara nAmaka do ziSya-ratna prApta hue / suyogya ziSyoM ko pAkara varddhamAnasUri ne unheM jaina AgamoM kA adhyayana karavAyA aura svalpa kAla meM hI ve donoM sahodara muni jainAgamoM ke prakAMDa vidvAn bana gye| dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa ko jana-jana ke samakSa prakaTa karane hetu samagra dharma krAnti karane ke apane guru ke cirabhilaSita lakSya se pUrNa rUpeNa avagata hone ke
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 461 anantara jinezvarasUri evaM buddhisAgarasUri ne apane guru varddhamAnasUri se nivedana kiyA - "bhagavan ! gujarAta pradeza meM caityavAsI paramparA kA pUrNa varcasva hai aura pATana una caityavAsiyoM kA eka sudRr3ha gar3ha hai / vizuddha prAgamika dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye hameM caityavAsiyoM ke pramukha gar3ha rahillapura paTTaNa meM hI sarvaprathama dharma krAnti kA zaMkhanAda pUranA caahiye| aisA karane se dharma krAnti bar3I tIvra gati se samagra deza meM vyApta ho jAyegI aura pragaNita bhavyoM ko dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa kA jJAna prApta hogA / isase Apake cira abhilaSita lakSya kI pUrti meM apekSita saphalatA prApta hogI / " kharataragaccha varddhamAnasUri ne apane ziSyoM se kahA - " vatsoM ! tumhArA vicAra to bilkula ThIka hai / kintu vahAM caityavAsiyoM kA aisA prabala prabhAva hai ki hamAre mArga meM paga-paga para unake dvArA aneka bAdhAeM upasthita kI jAeMgI aura hamAre samakSa aneka prakAra ke ghora upasarga prastuta kiye jAeMge / " jinezvara aura buddhisAgara donoM ne savinaya nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! yUkAoM ke Dara se vastroM ko phaiMkA nahIM jA sktaa| jinazAsana kI sevA hetu hama ghorAtighora upasarga bhI sahana karane ke liye saharSa kaTibaddha haiM / ApakI kRpA se virodhiyoM dvArA hamAre samakSa upasthita kI gaI sabhI prakAra kI bAdhAeM svataH hI zAnta ho jAveMgI / " varddhamAnasUri ne apane ziSyoM kI yaha abhyarthanA svIkAra kara aNahillapura paTTaNa kI ora vihAra kiyA / rAhilapura paTTaNa meM apane ziSyoM ke sAtha pahuMca kara varddhamAnasUri ne vahAM kucha samaya taka nivAsa ke liye sthAna prApta karane kA prayAsa kiyA / kintu caityavAsiyoM ke prabala prabhAva ke kAraNa unheM rahane ke liye koI sthAna prApta nahIM huA / antatogatvA jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgarasUri ne guru AjJA lekara rAjamAnya rAja purohita ke bhavana kI ora prayANa kiyA / una donoM bandhutroM ne apane agAdha jJAna ke bala para rAja purohita ko prabhAvita kiyaa| rAja purohita somezvara ne apane bhavana meM hI unheM rahane ke liye eka ora kA sthAna diyA / caityavAsiyoM ko jaba yaha vidita huA ki caityavAsI paramparA se bhinna kisI zramaNa paramparA ke sAdhu paTTaNa meM Aye haiM aura rAja purohita ne unheM apane bhavana ke eka kakSa meM rahane ke liye sthAna diyA hai, to ve bar3e ruSTa hue / caityavAsiyoM ne rAjAjJA se apanI sevA meM rahane vAle bhaToM ( rAja karmacAriyoM) ko yaha nirdeza dekara rAja purohita ke bhavana kI ora bhejA ki ve navAgantuka zvetAmbara sAdhutroM ko pura paTTaNa chor3akara bAhara jAne ke liye bAdhya kareM / hilla
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________________ 462 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 bhaToM ne caityavAsI mukhyAcArya ke nirdezAnusAra somezvara rAja purohita ke ghara pahuMca kara varddhamAnasUri aura unake ziSyoM se kahA ki ve tatkAla apahillapura paTTaNa se bAhara cale jAyaM / / rAja purohita somezvara ne caityavAsiyoM dvArA preSita bhaToM ko bIca meM hI Tokate hue kahA :-"ye mahApuruSa paTTaNa meM hI raheM athavA paTTaNa chor3a kara anyatra vihAra kara jAyaM, isa bAta kA nirNaya rAja rAjezvara mahArAja durlabharAja ke dvArA unakI rAja sabhA meM hI hogaa|" bhaToM ne caityavAsI mukhyAcArya ko rAja purohita kI bAta su .., .jase sunakara caityavAsI AcArya stabdha raha gye| unhoMne caityavAsI anya prAcAryoM aura pramukha caityavAsI upAsakoM ke sAtha vicAra-vimarza kara nizcaya kiyA ki isa vyAdhi ko zIghra hI mUlataH naSTa kara diyA jAya / yena-kena prakAreNa ina vasativAsiyoM ko zIghrAtizIghra paTTaNa rAjya kI sImAoM se bAhara nikAlane kA upAya kiyA jaay| caityavAsiyoM ne varddhamAnasUri Adi ke viruddha eka SaDyantra kI racanA kii| apane vizvAsapAtra anuyAyiyoM ke mAdhyama se unhoMne sampUrNa paTTaNa nagara meM yaha aphavAha phailA dI ki cAlukya rAja durlabharAja ke rAjya ko har3apane ke liye kisI zatru rAjA ne paTTaNa nagara meM apane guptacara bheje haiM aura ve guptacara rAja purohita somezvara ke ghara para Thahare hue haiN| rAjA ke kAnoM taka bhI yaha aphavAha pahuMcI kintu tatkAla hI somezvara ne rAjA ke samakSa upasthita hokara unheM vAstavika sthiti se avagata karA diyA-rAjan ! mere ghara meM jo Thahare hue haiM, ve kisI zatrurAjA ke guptacara nahIM, apitu veda-vedAMgAdi . sabhI dharma zAstroM ke pAragAmI mahApuruSa haiN| ve jainAcArya haiM evaM unake sAtha unake vidvAn ziSya haiM / ve jana-jana ke kalyANa ke liye, jana-jana ko sacce dharma kA bodha karAne ke liye Apake rAjya ke paTTa nagara aNahillapura paTTaNa meM Aye haiN|" : isa prakAra caityavAsiyoM dvArA racA gayA ghora SaDyantra viphala ho gyaa| kintu una caityavAsiyoM ne durlabharAja se nivedana kiyA-"mahArAja! prAcIna kAla meM vanarAja cAvar3A kA, usakI asahAya zaizavAvasthA meM hamAre pUrvAcArya zIlaguNasUri aura unake ziSya devacandrasUri ne lAlana-pAlana evaM zikSaNa-dIkSaNa kiyA / vanarAja ko suyogya banAyA aura antatogatvA zIlaguNasUri ke kRpA prasAda se hI ve vizAla rAjya ke svAmI bane / hamAre pUrvAcArya zIlaguNasUri kI sahAyatA se hI unhoMne isa aNahillapura paTTaNa nagara ko basAyA / apane guru ke mahAn upakAroM se uRNa hone ke lie kRtajJa vanarAja cAvar3A ne isa prakAra kI rAjAjJA prasArita kI ki aNahillapura paTTaNa rAjya meM caityavAsI paramparA ke aura caityavAsI paramparA dvArA sammata sAdhu-sAdhvI hI vicaraNa kara skeNge| jaina dharma kI zeSa kisI bhI paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhvI paTTaraNa rAjya meM vicaraNa nahIM kara skeNge|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 463 caityavAsiyoM ne durlabharAja se nivedana kiyA- "rAjan ! zatAbdiyoM se isI prakAra kI vyavasthA paTTaNa rAjya meM calI A rahI hai / apane pUrvavartI rAjAoM dvArA nirdhArita kI gaI maryAdA kA zAsaka sadA se sammAna karate Aye haiM / " kharataragaccha durlabharAja ne kahA - "apane pUrvavartI rAjAnoM dvArA pracalita kI gaI maryAkA hama bhI sammAna karate haiM kintu guraNI mahApuruSoM kI pUjA karanA bhI hamArA parama karttavya hai / apane isa karttavya se bhI hama kisI prakAra vimukha nahIM raha sakate / " apane lakSya kI prApti meM apane Apako asaphala hote dekha caityavAsI prAcArya ne kahA - "rAjan ! ye loga nAmadhArI jaina zramaraNa haiM / vastutaH dekhA jAya to ye jaina saMgha bAhya hI nahIM, apitu SaDdarzana bAhya bhI haiM / " durlabharAja ne pUchA - " isakA nirNaya kaise kiyA jAya ?" caityavAsI AcArya ne kahA - "zAstrArtha se / rAjan ! zAstrArtha se hama yaha siddha kara deMge ki vastutaH hama loga caityavAsI paramparA ke zramaraNa hI sacce jaina zramaraNa haiM / na ki ye sitpaTa vasativAsI / " vicAra-vimarza ke anantara zAstrArtha ke liye dina va samaya nizcita kiyA gayA / nizcita samaya para zAstrArtha prArambha huA / varddhamAnasUri ne apane vidvAn ziSya jinezvarasUri ko apanI ora se zAstrArtha karane kA adhikAra diyA / zAstrArtha ke prArambha meM caityavAsiyoM ke mukhyAcArya sUrAcArya ne apanA pUrva pakSa rakhA ki zvetapaTadhArI vasativAsI sAdhu vastutaH jaina zramaNa nahIM haiM / ve SaDdarzana bAhya haiM | apane isa pakSa kI puSTi hetu prAgamika pramANa prastuta karane ke liye sUrAcArya ne apanI paramparA ke pUrvAcAryoM dvArA racita nigama kahe jAne vAle granthoM meM se eka grantha uThAyA aura usakA koI uddharaNa prastuta karane kA upakrama kiyA / dUradarzI jinezvarasUri ne jijJAsApUrNa mudrA meM durlabharAja se prazna kiyA"mahArAja ! ApakA yaha suzAsana Apake dvArA nirmita rAjanIti ke AdhAra para calAyA jAtA hai, athavA Apake pUrvapuruSoM dvArA nirmita rAjanIti ke AdhAra para ?" durlabharAja ne tatkAla uttara diyA- "mahAtman ! hama apane pUrva-puruSoM, rAjaSiyoM aura brahmaSiyoM dvArA nirdhArita rAjanIti ke AdhAra para hI zAsana-prazAsana tantra ko calAte haiM, na ki svayaM dvArA navanirmita kisI rAjanIti ke AdhAra para / " jinezvarasUri ne apane virodhiyoM ko kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA kI sthiti meM DAlate hue kahA- "mahArAja ! hama loga bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM ke AdhAra
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________________ 464 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 para gaNadharoM dvArA racita aura caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA sAra rUpa meM saMkalita AgamoM ko hI sarvathA prAmANika mAnate haiN| hamArI dharmanIti bhI ApakI rAjanIti kI bhAMti hI una mahApuruSoM dvArA nirmita AgamoM ke AdhAra para hI calatI hai|" ___ mahArAja durlabharAja ne jinezvarasUri kI bAta para apanI pUrNa sahamati prakaTa karate hue kahA--"yaha to sarvathA ucita hI hai / " jinezvarasUri ne kahA-"mahArAja ! hama sudUrastha pradeza se vicaraNa karate hue yahA~ Aye haiM / isa kAraNa hamAre pAsa yahAM Agama nahIM haiN| ina caityavAsI prAcAryoM ke maThoM meM haiM / vahA~ se jainAgamoM kA bastA maMgavA liyA jaay| unase sahaja hI siddha ho jAyagA ki kauna kharA hai aura kauna khottaa|" durlabharAja ne apane adhikAriyoM ko maTha meM bhejakara vahAM se AgamoM kA baMDala maMgavA liyaa| __usa baMDala meM se jinezvarasUri ne caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya zayyaMbhavasUri dvArA dvAdazAMgI meM se sAra rUpa meM saMkalita grathita Agama grantha dazavaikAlika sUtra chAMTa kara nikAlA aura usake AdhAra para sacce sAdhu ke svarUpa ko bar3I kuzalatApUrvaka sabhA ke samakSa rakhA, jisase pratyeka sabhAsad ko bhalI-bhAMti vizvAsa ho gayA ki caityavAsI zramaNoM kA prAcAra-vicAra zAstroM se pUrNataH pratikUla aura vasativAsiyoM kA AcAra-vicAra-vyavahAra zAstroM meM batAye gaye zramaNoM ke svarUpa ke pUrNataH anurUpa hai / jinezvarasUri dvArA zAstrArtha ke samaya rAjasabhA meM rakhe gaye zAstrIya uddharaNoM se pratyeka sabhya ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki caityoM meM niyata nivAsa sarvajJa praNIta AgamoM meM pradarzita zramaNa jIvana ke liye sarvathA niSiddha hai| madhukarI, apratihata vihAra, sva-para-kalyANa hetu AgamoM kA adhyayana-adhyApana, ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMca mahAvratoM kA jIvana paryanta trikaraNa triyoga se nirdoSa rUpa se paripAlana hI AgamoM ke ullekhoM ke anusAra eka sacce zramaNa kI vizuddha zramaNacaryA hai| mahArAjA durlabharAja zAstrArtha meM jinezvarasUri dvArA Agamika pramANoM ke sAtha rakhI gaI yuktiyoM se bar3e prabhAvita hue| unake mukha se sahasA yaha udgAra prakaTa hue-"ye khare haiM" arthAt Agama kI kasauTI para sau TaMca sone kI bhAMti ye khare utare haiN| antatogatvA zAstrArtha meM jinezvarasUri ko vijayI ghoSita kiyA gayA aura praNahillapura paTTaNa meM vasativAsa kI paramparA ne jaina dharma ke sacce svarUpa kA pracAraprasAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| ___"ye khare haiN|" rAjA ke mukha se nikale hue ye udgAra jana-jana ke mukha se pratidhvanita hone lge| vastutaH yaha koI upAdhi yA viruda ke rUpa meM rAjA kI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 495 ora se diyA gayA pada nahIM thaa| yaha to vAstavika satya-tathya se prabhAvita nyAyaniSTha rAjA ke antaHkaraNa se prakaTa hue prazaMsAtmaka udgAra the| yahI kAraNa hai ki abhayadevasUri Adi isa paramparA ke AcAryoM ne apanI kRtiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM kharA athavA kharatara ina zabdoM kA apanI paramparA ke viruda ke rUpa meM prayoga nahIM kiyaa| durlabharAja dvArA khare ke rUpa meM prazaMsita paramparA kAlAntara meM kharataragaccha (na kevala khare hI apitu khare se bhI uccatara koTi ke khare) ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha huii| varddhamAnasari dvArA pracalita kI gaI paramparA, cAhe use kharAgaccha athavA kharataragaccha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAya, vastutaH jina prarUpita dharma aura vizuddha zramaraNa dharma ke khare svarUpa ko jana-jana ke samakSa prakaTa karane meM saphala siddha huii| Aja bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM jaina dharma aura zramaNAcAra kA vizuddha svarUpa kahIM adhika kahIM kama dRSTigocara ho rahA hai vastuta: vaha varddhamAnasUri jaise prAcAryoM kI hI dena hai| yadi varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsI paramparA ke viruddha samagra dhArmika krAnti kA zaMkhanAda nahIM pUrA hotA to Aja AgamoM ke, jainadharma ke sacce svarUpa ke aura sacce zramaNoM ke darzana taka durlabha ho jAte / varddhamAnasUri ne AmUlacUla kriyoddhAra athavA mahAn dharma krAnti kA sUtrapAta karate samaya pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI ko eka yahI AdhArabhUta mUlamantra diyA ki pratyeka jaina ke liye jinezvara prabhu dvArA praNIta kevala Agama hI sarvocca sarvamAnya aura sarvopari prAmANika haiM, na ki kisI prAcArya ke dvArA banAye gaye koI grantha / kyoMki jaina dharma jinezvara dvArA saMsthApita hai, na ki kisI prAcArya ke dvArA / pratyeka jaina ke liye kisI bhI prAcArya kA kevala vahI nirdeza mAnya ho sakatA hai jo zata pratizata Agama vacana ke anurUpa arthAt Agama para AdhArita ho| kAlAntara meM isa mahAn krAntikAriNI zramaNa paramparA para bhI kAla prabhAva se caityavAsiyoM tathA lokaiSaNA se abhibhUta gacchoM athavA dharmasaMghoM ke samparkasaMsarga kA prabhAva par3A aura yaha paramparA bhI kevala AgamoM ke sthAna para paMcAMgI arthAt prAgama, niyukti, vRtti, bhASya aura cUrSiNa ko prAmANika mAnane lgii| vastutaH yahI jaina dharmasaMgha meM vicArabheda, mAnyatAbheda, matabheda, sAmpradAyika vibheda, vidveSa, vaimanasya Adi kA mUla kAraNa hai| Aja yadi pratyeka jaina dharmAnuyAyI paMcAMgI ke UhApoha meM na par3akara kevala AgamoM ko hI antima rUpa se parama prAmANika mAnane laga jAya to jaina dharmasaMgha meM sabhI prakAra ke matabheda sampradAyabheda gacchabheda sadAsarvadA ke lie svataH hI samApta ho jaayeN|
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________________ 466 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kAlAntara meM ekamAtra jinavANI arthAt prAgamoM ko hI prAmANika mAnane ke sthAna para niyuktiyoM, vRttiyoM, bhASyoM aura curiNayoM ko bhI Agama tulya hI parama prAmANika mAnane kI pravRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa isa mahAn krAntikArI kharataragaccha meM bhI zanaiH zanaiH caityavAsiyoM dvArA dharmasaMgha meM AviSkRta-praviSTa evaM jaina samAja ke bahusaMkhyaka vizAla jana-samUha meM zatAbdiyoM se rUr3ha kI gaI vikRtiyAM panapane pallavita evaM puSpita hone lgiiN| zanaiH zanaiH prArambha meM bhaTTAraka aura kAlAntara meM zrI pUjya ke viruda se vibhUSita kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM ne bhI chatra, cAmara, char3I Adi rAjAdhirAjAoM ke rAjacihnoM ko dhAraNa karanA, vipula parigraha rakhanA aura pAlakiyoM meM baiThakara AvAgamana karanA prArambha kara diyaa| jisa mahAn krAntikArI paramparA ke pravartaka varddhamAnasUri ne ghoSaNA kI thI ki ve gaNadharoM dvArA grathita aura caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA nirgur3ha AgamoM ke atirikta aura kisI bhI dharmagrantha ko prAmANika nahIM mAnate, kAlAntara meM unhIM ke paTTadharoM ne caityavAsI paramparA dvArA svanirmita nigamoM ke AdhAra para pracalita kI gaI paripATiyoM para calanA prArambha kara diyaa| na kevala kharataragaccha hI apitu suvihita kahI jAne vAlI aneka paramparAtroM kI paTTAvaliyAM isa prakAra ke udAharaNoM se bharI par3I haiN| namUne ke rUpa meM kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI meM variNata prAcArya jinacandrasUri kI jIvanacaryA se sambandhita gadya ke kucha sArAMza yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM / ' yathA : vikrama samvat 1375, mAgha zuklA bArasa ke dina nAgapura (nAgaura) meM mahotsava krvaayaa| usameM katipaya sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI dIkSAeM huiiN| tadanantara zrAvaka samudAya ke sAtha zrI jinacandrasUri (dvitIya) ne phalaudI jAkara zrI pArzvanAtha kI tIsarI bAra yAtrA kii| isa avasara para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke bhAMDAgAra meM tIsa hajAra jaithala kI Aya huii| tatpazcAt zrI pUjyajI saMgha ke sAtha punaH nAgaura lauTe / vikrama samvat 1375 kI vaiSAkha kRSNA AThama ke dina Thakkara acala suzrAvaka ne sultAna kutubuddIna se AjJA nikalavA kara aneka nagaroM ke vizAla jana-samudAya ke sAtha hastinApura mathurA, Adi mahAtIrthoM kI yAtrA ke liye saMgha niklvaayaa| zrI pUjya jinacandrasUri (dvitIya) apane jayavallabhagarie Adi ATha sAdhu aura jayaddhi mahattarA Adi aneka sAdhviyoM evaM vizAla saMgha ke sAtha 1. kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI pRSTha 65 va 66 / .........."tataH vikrama samvat 1375 mAgha zukla dvAdazyAM .........."kAryamANeSu mahAprekSaNIyepu, nRtyamAneSu yuvati janeSu dIyamAneSu tAlArAsepu......... zrI pUjya........." zrI bratagrahaNamAlAropaNAdi nandimahAmahotsavazcakre ... 87 / tataH samvat 1375.........."
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataragaccha [ 467 nAgaura se yAtrArtha prasthita hue / kramazaH zrI nara bhaTa meM pArzvanAtha kI tIrtha yAtrA kara saMgha kanyAnayana nAmaka tIrtha nagara phuNcaa| vahAM ATha dina taka utsava karane ke pazcAt 400 ghor3oM, 500 zakaToM, 700 bailoM, aura yAtriyoM ke vizAla saMgha ke sAtha yamunA mahAnadI ko nAvoM se pAra kiyA aura ve hastinApura pahuMce / zrI pUjya jinacandrasUri (dvitIya) ne saMgha ke sAtha zAntinAtha, zraranAtha, kuMthunAtha devoM kI yAtrA kii| saMgha ne indra padAdi ke caDhAve bola kara apane dravya kA sadupayoga kiyA / Thakkara devasiMha zrAvaka ne bIsa hajAra jaithala bolakara indra pada grahaNa kiyaa| vahAM deva bhaNDAra meM caDhAvoM se eka lAkha pacAsa hajAra jaithala kI zraya huI | tatpazcAt saMgha mathurA tIrtha kI yAtrA karatA huA dillI ke nikaTa pahuMcA / varSAkAla laga cukA thA, ataH zrI pUjyajI ne saMgha ko visarjita kiyA aura pracalAdi zrAvakoM ke sAtha khaMDa sarAya meM cAturmAsAvAsa ke liye Thahare / sulatAna ke kahane aura saMgha ke Agraha se "rAyAbhiprogeNaM garaNAbhiprogeNaM" prAdi Agama vacanoM kA anusaraNa karate hue zrI pUjyajI cAturmAsAvAsa kAla meM hI bAgar3adeza ke zrAvaka samudAya ke sAtha mathurA gaye aura unhoMne supArzvanAtha tathA mahAvIra tIrthaMkaroM ke mandiroM kI yAtrA kI / yAtrA ke pazcAt cAturmAsAvadhi meM hI ve punaH dillI lauTe aura zeSa cAturmAsa kAla khaMDa sarAya meM vyatIta kiyA / unhoMne usa cAturmAsa kAla meM do bAra sva0 jinacandrasUri ( prathama ) ke stUpa kI vizAla janamedinI ke sAtha yAtrA kI / cAturmAsAvadhi meM hI vihAra va tIrthayAtrAeM karane ke aucitya ke sambandha meM svargIya paMnyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja ne apane vicAra isa rUpa meM prakaTa kiye "AcArya jinacandrasUri ke dvArA dUsarI bAra jinAjJA bhaMga karane kA yaha prasaMga hai / pahale Apane zatru jaya giranAra ke saMgha ke sAtha vApasa bhImapallI Ate hue vAyaDa mahAsthAna meM prASAr3hI caudasa kI aura bAda meM vahAM se zrAvaraNa vadI meM bhImapallI Akara cAturmAsya pUrA kiyA thA / isa prasaMga para to lagabhaga tIrthoM meM jAne Ane meM hI khAsA cAturmAsya vyatIta kiyA / paTTAvalI lekhaka kahatA hai suratrAraNa ke uparodha se aura saMgha ke pratyAgraha se Apa mathurA ke liye nikale the, jo sarAsara jhUThA bacAva hai / suratrANa ko to koI matalaba hI nahIM thA aura saMgha kA bhI inhoMne visarjana kara diyA thA, katipaya bAgar3a ke zrAvakoM ke sAtha Apa - khaMDasarAya cAturmAsya vyatIta karane ke liye Thahare the / phira mathurA jAne kA tAtkAlika kyA kAraNa upasthita huA ki jisase bAdhya hokara Apako mathurA jAnA-mAnA par3A /
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________________ 468 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 hamArI rAya meM donoM sthAnoM para jinacandrasUri ne gaphalata kI hai| prathama to isa prakAra sAdhunoM ko tIrtha yAtrA ke nimitta bhramaNa karanA niSkAraNa bhramaNa batAyA hai aura niSkAraNa bhramaNa karane para zAstrakAra ne prAyazcita vidhAna kiyA hai / taba cAturmAsya meM dillI se mathurA jAkara caumAse meM hI vApasa dillI AnA kitanA burA dRSTAnta hai, isakA jinacandrasUrijI ne kataI vicAra nahIM kiyaa| sAdhuoM ke liye saMyama yAtrA hI mukhya yAtrA hai / tIrtha yAtrA darzana zuddhi kA kAraNa hone se zrAvakoM ke liye khAsa upayogI hai| sAdhuoM ke liye nhiiN| cAritra meM virAdhanA lagAkara tIrtha yAtrA ke liye apane bhaktoM kA samudAya ikaTThA karake idhara-udhara ghUmate rahanA yaha kharataragaccha ke prAcAryoM kA pracAra-mAtra hai| jinezvarasUri, abhayadevasUri, jinavallabhasUri Adi ko tIrtha yAtrA nikAla kara tIrthoM meM le jAne vAlA koI nahIM milA thA kyA? kharI bAta to yaha hai ki ve sAdhu kA kartavya-akartavya samajhate the| candrAvatI meM jinapatisUri ke sAtha vArtAlApa karate hue paurNamika gacchIya AcAryazrI akalaMkadevasUri ne saMgha ke sAtha sAdhu ko jAne ke liye jo ApattiyAM uThAI haiM aura jinapatisUri ne unakA jo samAdhAna kiyA hai, usake par3hane se pAThaka-garaNa acchI taraha samajha sakate haiM ki jinacandrasUri kI ukta gaphalata hI nahIM kintu niSkAraNa apavAda kA sevana hai|"1 zrI jinacandrasUri ke hI samAna unake ziSya zrI jinakuzalasUrijI dvArA bhI cAturmAsAvadhi meM yAtrArtha bhramaNa karane Adi ke sambandha meM bhI sva0 paMnyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja ne TippaNI karate hue Age likhA hai : ___ "jinacandrasUri ne yAtrA nimitta do bAra cAturmAsa meM bhramaNa karane ke jo apavAda sevana kiye the, una para TippaNa karate hue hama likha pAye haiM ki cAturmAsya meM idhara-udhara hone kI anAgamika rIti yogya nahIM hai, hamAre usa kathana ke anusAra hI pariNAma prAyA, jinacandrasUri do bAra idharaudhara hue the taba unake paTTadhara zrI jinakuzalasUri ne bhI cAturmAsya meM do bAra yAtrArtha bhramaNa kiyaa| prathama yoginIpura nivAsI sA. rayapati ke saMgha ke sAtha saurASTra tIrtha kI yAtrA ke liye jAkara vApasa bhAdrapada vadi 11 ko pATana pahuMce the aura cAturmAsya vahAM para pUrA kiyA thaa| dUsarI bAra bhImapalli nivAsI sA. vIradeva ke saMgha ke sAtha unhIM tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane gaye aura zrAvaNa zuklA 11 ko vApasa bhImapalli meM praveza kiyA thaa|" 1. paTTAvali parAga saMgraha, pRSTha 331-332
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kharataracaccha [ 466 "isI prakAra kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM ne nAmamAtra kA nimitta pAkara caumAse meM idhara-udhara jAne meM pApa nahIM samajhA aura khUbI yaha hai ki inake pichale gurvAvalIkAra lekhaka rAyAbhiyogeNaM isa AgAra ko Age kara isa anucita pravRtti kA bacAva karate haiN| unako samajha lenA cAhiye ki ina bAtoM meM rAjAbhiyoga, gaNAbhiyoga lAgU hI nahIM hotaa| rAjA sAdhuoM ko varSAkAla meM idhara-idhara hone kI prAjJA kyoM degA rAjanIti to sAdhu naTa nartaka Adi ghumakkar3a jAtiyoM ko varSAkAla meM eka sthAna para rahane kI AjJA detI hai, taba kharataragaccha ke prAcAryo ko vaha varSAkAla meM ghUmane kI AjJA kyoM degI? yuga pradhAna zrI jinacandramUrijI varSAkAla meM bAdazAha akabara ke pAsa jAne ko ravAnA hae aura jAlaura taka pahuMcane ke bAda unako bAdazAha kI tarapha se samAcAra pahuMce ki varSA kAla meM calate hue pAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, taba Apane zeSa varSAkAla jAlaura meM bitaayaa| jahAM taka hama samajha pAye haiM vaha yaha hai ki zrI jinadattasUri se hI kharataragaccha ke anuyAyiyoM ko guru pAratantrya kA upadeza milanA prArambha ho gayA thA, usake hI pariNAmasvarUpa kharataragaccha meM yaha bAta eka siddhAnta bana gayI hai ki pAgama se prAcArya paramparA adhika balavatI hai| kisI prasaMga para AcaraNA ke viparIta pAgama kI bAta hogI to Agamika niyama ko chor3akara AcaraNA kI bAta ko pramANa mAnA jAvegA, zAstra viruddha yAtrArtha bhramaNa aura varSAkAla taka kI upekSA karanA usakA kAraNa eka hI hai ki isa prakAra kI pravRttiyoM ke viruddha kucha bhI kaha nahIM sakate the, ThIka hai, guru pAratantrya meM rahanA cAhiye parantu pAratantrya kA artha yaha to nahIM honA cAhiye ki zAstra viruddha athavA loka pravRttiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI gurutroM ko kucha nahIM kahA jAya, aAMkheM mUMdakara guruoM kI pravRttiyoM ko nibhAne kA pariNAma yaha hogA ki dhIre-dhIre guru aura gaccha duniyA se vidA ho jaaeNge|" uparivariNata tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yaha sthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki yadi varddhamAnasUri evaM jinezvarasUri dvArA cAlukyarAja aura unakI rAjasabhA ke samakSa kI gaI ghoSaNA ke anusAra unakI paramparA ke paTTadhara paMcAMgI meM se ekamAtra prAgamoM ko hI sarvopari aura parama prAmANika mAnate rahakara paMcAMgI ke zeSa bhAga niyukti, bhASya, vRtti aura curiNayoM ko AgamoM kI koTi meM arthAt AgamoM ke samAna hI nirNAyaka athavA parama mAnya nahIM mAnate to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM na zithilAcAra hI panapatA, na vikRtiyAM hI utpanna hotIM, aura na samaya-samaya para mahApuruSoM ko kriyoddhAra ke rUpa meM dharma-krAntiyAM hI karanI pdd'tiiN| AgamoM ke gahana artha ko samajhane-samajhAne meM niyuktiyAM, vRttiyAM, bhAgya aura cUrNiyAM bar3I sahAyaka haiM, isameM koI do mata nahIM, kintu koI bhI eka saiddhAntika
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________________ 500 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 bAta kA mUlAgama meM koI ullekha nahIM, koI iMgita taka nahIM, vaha bAta niyukti, bhASya ,vRtti aura cUriNa meM vistAra se ullikhita ho aura jainadharma ke aAdhArabhUta siddhAntoM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha ke viparIta ho, AgamoM kI bhAvanA ke pratikUla ho to usa sthiti meM AgamoM kI upekSA kara niyuktiyoM Adi ko sarvopari prAmANika mAna lenA samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyagcAritra kI paribhASA meM nahIM A sktaa| jaisAki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai saMgha bheda, sampradAya bheda, mAnyatA bheda Adi sabhI bhedoM, bikharAvoM kA mUla udgama sthala athavA mUla kAraNa paMcAMgI ko AgamoM ke samAna hI prAmANika mAnane, na mAnane kI bhAvanA hI rahI hai| kharataragaccha kI paTTAvalI kharataragaccha kI vibhinna samaya meM likhI gaI anekoM paTTAvaliyAM upalabdha hotI haiN| unameM katipaya paTTadharoM ke krama aura nAmoM ke sambandha meM vibhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| una saba paTTAvaliyoM ko yahAM uddhRta karanA aura unameM ullikhita paTTadharoM ke nAmoM evaM nAma krama sambandhI vibhedoM ke aucityAnaucitya para vicAra karanA sambhava nhiiN| kyoMki isameM anAvazyaka rUpeNa grantha kA kalevara bar3A ho jAyagA aura pratyeka vibheda ke sambandha meM Thosa pramANoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa satyAnveSI pAThakoM ko koI vizeSa lAbha bhI nahIM milegaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM kharataragaccha ke sittaraveM prAcArya jinamahendrasUri ke prAcArya kAla meM vikrama kI 16vIM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke saMdhikAla meM banAI gaI paTTAvalI ke kevala paTTakrama ko hI zodhArthiyoM ke liye upayogI katipaya ullekhoM ke sAtha yahAM prastuta karanA paryApta samajhA jA rahA hai| yaha paTTAvalI kharataragaccha kI anyAnya adhikAMza paTTAvaliyoM ke sAtha paryApta aMzoM meM milatI-julatI hai, isase vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki isa paTTAvalI ke racanAkAra ne apane se pUrva ke aneka paTTAvalIkAroM ko apane sammukha rakhate hue isa paTTAvalI kI racanA kI hogii| isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhI prAcAryazrI jinamahendrasUri ke samaya meM nirmita isa paTTAvalI ko yahAM uddhata karanA paryApta samajhA gayA hai| 26 patroM kI yaha paTTAvalI saMskRta bhASA meM likhI gaI hai| lekhaka ne prArambhika zIrSaka meM isakA nAma paTTAvalI ke sthAna para gurvAvalI likhA hai| isameM ullikhita nirvANa samvat 1 se lekara vikrama samvat 1862 meM isa paramparA ke 70veM paTTapara AsIna zrI jinamahendrasUri taka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paTTadharoM kA paTTakrama diyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : 1. sudharmA svAmI 2. jambU svAmI
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________________ sAmAnya zratadhara kAla khaNDa 2 kharataragaccha [ 501 3. prabhava svAmI 4. zayyaMbhavasUri 5. yazobhadrasUri 6. saMbhUta vijaya 7. bhadrabAhu svAmI 8. sthUlabhadra 6. Arya mahAgiri 10. Arya suhastI 11. susthitasUri : inase koTikagaccha niklaa| 12. indradinnasUri 13. dinnasUri 14. siMhagiri 15. vajra svAmI 16. vraja senAcArya (nAgendra, candra, nirvatti aura vidyAdhara ina cAra ziSyoM se cAra kuloM kI utpatti / ) 17. candrasUri 18. samantabhadrasUri (vanavAsI) 16. vRddhadevasUri 20. pradyotanasUri 21. mAnadevasUri 22. mAnatugasUri (bhaktAmara stotra kartA) .23. vIrasUri (isI avadhi meM devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa ne vallabhI meM vIra nirvANa samvat 180 se AgamoM kA lekhana prArambha krvaayaa| vIra nirvANa sambat 113 meM bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI ke sthAna para cautha ko paryuSaNa parva manAyA / ) 24. jayadevasUri 25. devAnandasUri 26. vikramasUri 27. narasiMhasUri 28. samudrasUri 26. mAnadevasUri 30. vibudhaprabhasUri 31. jayAnandasUri 32. raviprabhamUri 33. yazoprabhamUri 34. vimalacandrasuri
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________________ 502 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 35. zrI devasUri ( inake suvihita mArgAcaraNa meM suvidhi gaccha ke nAma se bhI kharataragaccha kI prasiddhi huI / ) 36. zrI nemicandrasUri 37. zrI udyotanasUri ( inase 84 gacchoM kI utpatti huI / ) 38. varddhamAnasUri 36. jinezvarasUri buddhisAgarasUri "jinezvarasUrimuddizya kharA ete iti rAjJA proktaM / tataH eva kharatara virudaM labdhaM, tathA caityavAsinAM hi parAjaya prApaNAt kaMvalA iti nAmadheyaM prAptA / evaM ca suvihita pakSadhArakA jinezvara sUrayo vikramataH 1080 varSeH kharatara viruda dhArakA jAtA: / " 40. jinacandrasUri 41. abhayadevasUri 42. jinavallabhasUri 43. jinadattasUri ( inake samaya meM jinazekharAcArya se rudrapallIya zAkhA niklii| jinadattasUri se sambandhita ullekhoM ke granantara anuSTup chanda meM nimnalikhita 6 caraNa likhe hue haiM : zrI jinadattasUrINAM, guruNAM guNavarNanam / mayA kSamAdikalyANa, muninA lezataH kRtam || suvistareNa tatkartuM surAcAryo'pi na kSamaH // 1 // isa DeDa zloka ke ullekha se prArambha meM kiye gaye hamAre isa anumAna kI puSTi hotI hai ki isa paTTAvalI ke racanAkAra ne anya paTTAvaliyoM ko apane samakSa rakhakara isa paTTAvalI kI racanA kI hogI / ) ? 44. zrI jinacandrasUri 45. zrI jinapatisUri 46. jinezvarasUri (dvitIya) 47. jinaprabodhasUri 48. jinacandrasUri ( inake samaya meM kharataragaccha kI rAjagaccha ke nAma se bhI prasiddhi huI / ) 46. jinakuzalasUri 50. jinapadmasUri 51. jinalabdhisUri 52. zrI jinacandrasUri 53. jinodayasUri ( inake samaya meM vikrama samvata 1422 meM begaDa kharatara zAkhA nikalI / )
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] 54. jinarAjasUri 55. jinabhadrasUri ( isI gaccha ke sAgara candrAcArya ne vikrama samvat 1469 meM jinavarddhanasUri ko gradhiSThita kiyA thaa| jinavarddhanasUri para cauthe vrata (brahmacarya vrata ) ke bhaMga kA dopa lagAyA gayA aura unake sthAna para jinabhadrasUri ko paTTadhara banAyA gayA / inhIM ke samaya meM jinavarddhanasUri se kharataragaccha meM eka naI pimpalaka zAkhA kA udbhava huA / kharataragaccha 56. jinacandrasUri ( inhoMne aneka vidvAn muniyoM ko prAcAryapada para adhiSThita kiyA / inake samaya meM vikrama samvat 1508 meM grahamadAbAda meM lauMkA nAmaka lekhaka ne pratimA pUjA kA virodha kiyA aura vi0 saM0 1524 meM lauMkA ke nAma se mata pracalita huA / ) 57. jinasamudrasUri 58. jinahaMsasUri ( inake samaya meM prAcArya zAnti sAgara ne kharataragaccha meM prAcAryayA zAkhA kA pracalana kiyA / ) 63. jinaratnasUri 64. jinacandrasUri 65. jinasukhasUri 66. jinabhaktisUri 56. jina mANikyasUri ( inake samaya meM kharataragaccha meM zithilAcAra kA prAbalya bar3hA / inhoMne triyoddhAra kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara ajamera kI prora vihAra karane kA nizcaya kiyA kintu derAula se jaisalamera lauTate samaya vi0 saM0 1612 grASAr3ha zuklA paMcamI ko ApakA svargavAsa ho gayA aura isa prakAra ApakA kriyoddhAra karane kA svapna adhUrA hI raha gayA / ) 60. jinacandrasUri ( inhoMne vikrama samvat 1612 meM kriyoddhAra kiyA / vi0 saM0 1629 meM Apake AcArya kAla meM bhAva harSopAdhyAya ne bhAva harSIyA kharatara zAkhA ko janma diyA / Apane aneka camatkArika kArya kiye aura vi0 saM0 1670 meM ApakA svargavAsa ho gayA / ) 61. jinasiMhasUra 62. jinarAjasUri ( Apake samaya meM Apake ziSya jinasAgarasUri ne vi0 saM0 1686 meM ladhvAcArya kharatara zAkhA ko janma diyA / Apane naiSadha kAvya para jainarAjIya nAma kI eka TIkA kI racanA kI / vi0 saM0 1666 meM Apake svargavAsa ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt vi0 saM0 1700 meM raMga vijaya gariNa ne raMga vijayA zAkhA ko janma diyA aura kucha hI samaya pazcAt zrI sAra upAdhyAya ne kharataragaccha meM zrI sArIya zAkhA pracalita kI / ) [ 503
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________________ 504 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 67. jinalAbhasUri 68. jinacandrasUri 66. jinaharSasUri 70. jinamahendrasUri ( Apake samaya meM zithilAcAra aura sAmpradAyika vidveSa apanI parAkASThA para pahuMca gayA thA / isa sambandha meM isI prakaraNa meM pahale paryApta prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai / ApakA janma vikrama samvat 1867 meM aura prAcAryapada vi0 saM0 1862 meM jodhapura nagara meM marudhara nareza mahArAjA mAnasiMha jI ke rAjya kAla meM huA / )
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________________ upakezagaccha upakezagaccha ke sambandha meM "upakezagaccha paTTAvalI" aura "bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa"1 (bhAga 1 aura 2) nAmaka vRhadAkAra granthoM meM vistArapUrvaka isa gaccha ke prathama prAcArya se lekara 85veM prAcArya deva guptasUri ke samaya arthAt vikrama kI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka kA itihAsa upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi bhagavatI sUtra meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA ke anantara pArzvanAtha santAnIya prAcArya kezi zramaNa Adi sabhI zramaNoM ne cAturyAma dharma kA parityAga kara prabhu mahAvIra dvArA pradarzita paMca mahAvrata svarUpa zramaNa dharma ko aMgIkAra kiyA tathApi paTTAvalIkAra ne upakezagaccha ko 23veM tIrthaMkara puruSAdAnIya bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI avicchinna paramparA kA mUla aMga batAte hue ise zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha se pRthak svatantra dharma saMgha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yaha vastutaH eka aisA AzcaryakArI prayAsa hai, jisa para gahana cintana-manana ke uparAnta bhI vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| . uttaravartI tIrthaMkara ke dharma zAsana ke sAtha-sAtha kisI pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara kA bhI dharma zAsana calA ho isa prakAra kA eka bhI udAharaNa zAstroM meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| pArasparika pratispardhA ke pariNAmasvarUpa vibhinna gacchoM meM utpanna hue kalaha, vidveSa evaM ahaMbhAva ke vAtAvaraNa meM kisI samaya upakezagaccha ko sarvAdhika prAcIna, yahAM taka ki bhagavAn mahAvIra se bhI pUrva kA gaccha siddha karane ke vyAmohAbhibhUta kisI upakezagacchIya prAcArya ke mastiSka kI yaha vastutaH kapola kalpanA mAtra hI siddha hotI hai / tathApi kisI gaccha vizeSa kI svatantra bhAvanA ko Thesa na pahu~ce isI dRSTi se upakezagaccha kA pUrNa paricaya isa granthamAlA meM diyA jA rahA hai| 1. upakezagaccha ke 85veM prAcArya devaguptasUri dvArA nirmita bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa / devaguptasUri ne vikrama samvat 1663 kI phAlguna kRSNA chaTha ke dina sthAnakavAsI prAcArya zrI zrIlAlajI mahArAja ke pAsa dIkSA lii| kucha varSa pazcAt hI ve gRhastha bana gaye aura vikrama samvat 1972 meM unhoMne ratnavijayajI ke pAsa saMvegI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura kucha samaya pazcAt pApako upakezagaccha ke prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA / mAravAr3a ke vIsalapura nAmaka grAma meM zreSThivara zrI navalamalajI kI dharma parAyaNA dharmapatnI rUpAMdevI kI kukSI se prApakA vikrama samvat 1938 kI Azvina zuklA dazamI ko janma humA / ApakA janmanAma ghevaracanda rakhA gayA /
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________________ 506 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa ke anantara kramazaH hue unake cAra paTTadharoMprathama paTTadhara gaNadhara zubhadatta, dvitIya prAcArya haridatta, tRtIya AcArya samudrasUri aura caturtha paTTadhara AcArya kezI zramaNa kA yatkicit jIvana paricaya prastuta granthamAlA ke prathama bhAga meM aura chaThe AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kA paricaya dvitIya bhAga meM yathAsthAna diyA jA cukA hai| __ aba yahAM upakezagaccha ke pAMcaveM prAcArya svayaMprabha aura sAtaveM prAcArya se 72veM AcArya taka kA isa gaccha kI paTTAvalI meM yathopalabdha kramika paricaya yahAM diyA jA rahA hai : 5. prAcArya svayaMprabhasUri-ApakA janma vidyAdhara vaMza meM huA thaa| prAcArya kezikumAra ke pAsa Apane zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| apane prAcArya kAla meM deza ke sudUrastha pradezoM meM vihAra kara Apane anekoM ajainoM ko jaina dharmAvalambI bnaayaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara sUdharmA svAmI aura dvitIya paTTadhara jambU svAmI ke samaya meM ApakA astitva mAnA jAtA hai| prAcArya svayaMprabha upakeza gacchIyA paTTAvalI ke anusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 52 meM svargavAsI hue| 6. prAcArya ratnaprabhasUri-ApakA paricaya jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2 meM, pRSTha 376-380 para diyA jA cukA hai| pUrvollekhAnusAra Apane prosiyAM ke mRta prAyaH jAmAtA kA viSApahAra kara use pUrNa svastha kiyA aura usase prabhAvita ho osiyAM nivAsI savA lAkha kSatriyoM ne jaina dharma svIkAra kiyaa| usI camatkAra pUrNa ghaTanA kI smRtisvarUpa pArzvanAtha paramparA kA nAma upakezanagara (prosiyAM) ke nAma para upakezagaccha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha honA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| Apane apane eka ziSya kanakaprabha ko koraMTaka meM AcArya pada dekara koraMTakagaccha kI bhI sthApanA kii| 7. prAcArya yakSadevasUri-upakezagaccha ke chaThe mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya ratnaprabha ke pazcAt unake paTTa para sAtaveM prAcArya yakSadevasUri vIra nirvANa samvat 84 meM prAcArya pada para AsIna hue| 8. kakkasUri / 6. prAcArya devagupta / 10. siddhasUri / 11. prAcArya ratnaprabha (dvitIya) 12. AcArya ratnaprabha (tRtIya) 1. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 1, prathama saMskaraNa, pRSTha 327-328 2. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 2, prathama saMskaraNa, pRSTha 376-80
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] kiye / upakezagaccha 13. yakSadevasUri (dvitIya) 14. devaguptasUri (dvitIya) 15. AcAryasiddha (dvitIya) 16. AcArya ratna prabha (caturtha) 17. AcArya yakSadeva (tRtIya) isa prAcArya ko pAMca sau sAdhuyoM aura anekoM zrAvakoM ke sAtha mlecchoM dvArA mahuA kI lUTa ke samaya bandI banA liyA gayA thA / eka mleccha bane hue zrAvaka ne ina prAcArya ko kisI taraha bacA kara nikAlA / zramaNoM ke prabhAva meM kahIM gaccha kA uccheda nahIM ho jAya isa AzaMkA se zrAvakoM ne apane 11 putra inake caraNoM meM sAdhu banAne ke liye prastuta kiye, jinheM zrApane dIkSita kiyA aura grAhar3a nagara meM pahuMce / yaha ghaTanA vikrama samvat 100 ke pazcAt kI batAI jAtI hai / inhoMne nAgendra, candra, nirvRtti aura vidyAdhara nAma ke cAra gaccha sthApita 18. karkasUri (tRtIya) 16. AcArya devagupta (tRtIya) 20. siddhasUri (tRtIya) inhoMne apane ziSyoM meM se kisI ko prAcArya pada na dekara kevala "mahattara" kI padavI dI / 21. mahattara ratnaprabhasUri (paMcama) 22. mahattara yakSadevasUri (caturtha) [ 507 inhoMne samantabhadra santAnIya nAnA muni ko koraMTaka gaccha kA AcArya. banAyA | nannAcArya ke bAda unake eka muni yakSadevasUri ne kRSNAcArya ko aneka AcArya paramparA vAle sUripada hIna isa gaccha kA sUri banA kara apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyA / 23. AcArya kakka (caturtha) / vahI kRSNa RSi AcArya kakka (caturtha) ke nAma se vikhyAta hue / 24. prAcArya devagupta (caturtha) 25. AcArya jayasiMha / 26. prAcArya vIradeva / 1 inhoMne apane jIvana kAla meM hI sattAvIsaveM prAcArya ko banAyA / para AjJAvarttI na rahane ke kAraNa unheM haTAkara kakkasUri (paMcama) ko AcArya banAyA / para
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________________ 508 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ye bhI guru aAjJA meM adhika dina nahIM rahe ata: 283 paTTa para kakka sUri (SaSTama) ko prAcArya pada para niyukta kiyaa| 26. devaguptasUri (paMcama) 30. siddhasUri (paMcama) 31. ratnaprabha sUri (sptm)| inake eka ziSya udayavarddhana se 'dvivandanIka gaccha' aura tapAgaccha ke sAtha isake sammelana se tapAratna zAkhA niklii| 32. AcArya yakSadeva (SaSTama) 33. kakkasUri (SaSTama) ye bar3e hI samarthaM prAcArya hue / inhoMne apane gaccha kI navIna vyavasthAeM kiiN| inhoMne yaha nirNaya kiyA ki prAcArya ratnaprabha aura AcArya yakSadeva jaise AcArya aba Age ke samaya meM nahIM hoNge| ataH aba bhaviSya meM kisI prAcArya kA nAma ratnaprabha yA yakSadeva nahIM rakhA jAkara kevala kakkasUri, devaguptasUri aura siddhasUri ina tIna hI nAmoM meM se koI eka nAma rakhA jAya / inhoMne nAgendra aura candragaccha ke samnandha meM bhI sudhAra kiyaa| inake samaya meM pArzvanAtha santAnIya santa samudAya candragaccha meM sammilita huaa| AcArya udayavarddhana kA samudAya bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra donoM hI kI zramaNa paramparAoM ko mAnane lagA aura "dvivandanIka gaccha" ke nAma se prasiddha huA aura anta meM tapAgaccha ke sAtha mila gyaa| tapAgaccha aura dvivandanIka gaccha kA sammilita svarUpa tapAratnagaccha ke nAma se pracalita huaa| Apane upakeza gaccha kI sundara, prabha, kanaka, meru, sAra, candra, sAgara, haMsa, tilaka Adi 22 zAkhAeM sthApita kii| 34. AcArya devagupta (SaSTama) 35. prAcArya siddha (SaSTama) 36. AcArya kakka (saptama) 37. prAcArya devagupta 38. siddhasUri (saptama) 39. AcArya kakka (aSTama) 40. AcArya devagupta (aSTama) / ApakA janma vikrama samvat 665 meM kSatriya kula meM huaa| inako vINA bajAne kA bar3A rasa thaa| ye kisI taraha vINA bajAnA nahIM chor3a ske| ataH saMgha ke dabAva se dUsare muni ko prAcArya pada de ve lATa pradeza meM cale gaye / ApakI isa kriyA zithilatA ke kAraNa saMgha ne yaha nirNaya kiyA ki bhaviSya meM upakeza gaccha meM vizuddha jaina mAtRkula evaM pitRkula vAle muni ko hI saMgha kA adhinAyaka banAyA jAya / 41. prAcArya siddha (aSTama)
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] 42. AcArya kakka ( navama ) 43. devaguptasUri ( navama ) 44. siddhasUri ( navama ) 45. kakkasUri ( dazama ) 46. devaguptasUri ( dazama) upakezagaccha 47. siddhasUri ( dazama) : Apake ziSya jambUnAga ne lodravA ke rAjA tanu kA varSaphala nikAla kara yaha bhaviSyavAraNI kI ki yavana mumuci ( muhammada gajanavI ) dvArA AkramaNa kiyA jAyagA aura vaha hAra jAyagA / Apake AcAryakAla meM koraMTa gaccha ke prAcArya nanna dvArA aneka vaMzoM ko jaina vaMza meM sammilita kiyA gayA / 48. kakkasUri ( ekAdazama ) 46. devaguptasUri ( ekAdazama ) 50. siddhasUri ( ekAdazama ) [ 506 51. AcArya kakka : ye prAcArya ghora tapasvI mAne gaye haiM / vikrama samvat 1155 meM ye prAcArya pada para AsIna hue aura jIvana bhara ekAntara upavAsa aura pAraNa ke dina prAyambila karate rahe / inakA AcArya hemacandra bar3A sammAna karate the / inhoMne zithilAcAra ko miTAne ke liye aneka sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko tyAga kara kriyoddhAra kiyA aura taba se yaha gaccha kakudAcArya gaccha ke nAma se prasiddhi ko prApta huA / Apa 57 varSa taka prAcArya pada para rahe aura vikrama samvat 1212 meM ApakA svargavAsa huA / gayA hai / 52. devaguptasUri (bArahaveM ) : upakezagaccha ke 51veM AcArya kakkasUri dvArA kriyoddhAra aura kakudAcArya gaccha kI sthApanA ke pazcAt devaguptasUri zrAcArya pada para AsIna hue aura lagabhaga 67 varSa taka AcArya pada para rahe / ApakA samaya lagabhaga 1165 se 1232 kA batAyA jAtA hai / 53. siddhasUri : Apake samaya meM pragahillapura paTTaNa meM yazodeva dhanadeva ne / / hajAra granthAgrantha pramANa navapada TIkA kI racanA kI / 54. prAcArya kakka / 55. devaguptasUri : ApakA samaya vikrama samvata 1252 kA batAyA 56. siddhasUri / 57. kakkasUri / 58. devaguptasUri / 56. siddhasUri : Apake samaya meM vikrama samvat 1252 meM zAhabuddIna gaurI dvArA osiyAM para AkramaNa huA /
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________________ 510] kiyA / 60 AcArya kakka / 61. prAcArya devagupta : ye bar3e vidvAn zrAcArya the / 62. AcArya siddha / 63. AcArya kakka / 1. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 64. devaguptasUri / 65. siddhasUri : ApakA samaya vikramIya 1330 kA batAyA jAtA hai / 66. kakkasUri : samvat 1371 meM zAha zahajAgara ne ApakA pada mahotsava 67. AcArya devagupta / 68. zrI siddhasUri / 66. AcArya kakka / 70. AcArya devagupta / 71. AcArya siddha : samvat 1565 meM mantrI lolAgara ne mer3atA meM ApakA pada mahotsava kiyaa| Apake deva kallola nAmaka upAdhyAya ne 'kAlikAcArya kathA' kI samvat 1566 meM racanA kI / . 72. AcArya kakka : Apako vikrama samvat 1566 meM jodhapura meM prAcArya pada para AsIna kiyA gayA / Apake samaya meM koraMTagaccha zraura tapAgacchA eka-dUsare meM mila gaye aura "koraMTA tapAgaccha" kA janma huA / " 10:1 prastuta itihAsa granthamAlA ke isa caturtha bhAga meM vIra nirvAraNa samvat 2000 taka ke AsapAsa kA hI itihAsa diyA jA rahA hai / ataH upakeza gaccha paTTAvalI meM ullikhita : prAcAryoM kA bhI isI kAla taka kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / -sampAdaka
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________________ pracalagaccha huNDAvasapiNI kAla ke prabhAva se udita huI dravya paramparAoM dvArA vikRta evaM dhUmila kara diye gaye jainadharma ke svarUpa ko loka meM, jana-jana meM punaH prAgamAnusArI vizuddha mUla rUpa meM saMsthApita athavA pratiSThApita karane kI dizA meM samayasamaya para jina yazasvI gacchoM ke AcAryoM ne utkaTa tyAga evaM tapazcaryA ke mAdhyama se zAsana hitakArI prazasta evaM prabala prayAsa kiye, unameM aMcalagaccha kA nAma bhI jaina itihAsa meM sadA agraNI evaM ullekhanIya rhegaa| aMcalagaccha kI saMsthApanA se lekara Aja taka usakI saba se bar3I vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki isa gaccha ke prAcAryoM tathA zramaNoM ne pArasparika vaimanasyotpAdaka khaNDana-maNDanAtmaka prapaMcoM se kosoM dUra raha kara eka mAtra apane lakSya kI ora agrasara hote rahane kI sRjanAtmaka nIti ko hI apanAye rkhaa| madhyayugIna jaina vAMgmaya ke adhyayana se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki apane gaccha ke atirikta zeSa sabhI gacchoM ko hIna se hInatara zabdoM athavA sambodhanoM se sambodhita karane vAle gacchavizeSa ke pratiSThita pada para AsIna pAlocaka zramaNoM ne aMcalagaccha ke prAcAryoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM anuyAyiyoM ko "sta nika" (stanoM ko DhaMkane vAlI sAr3I, lUgar3I athavA pror3hanI ke aMcala-palle kA upayoga karane vAle) jaise halke zabda se sambodhita kiyA', jainAbhAsa, utsUtraprarUpaka, jamAlI (prathama nihnava) ke vaMzaja athavA anuyAyI taka likha DAlA, kintu aMcalagacchIya kisI zramaraNa, upAdhyAya athavA prAcArya ne upha taka nahIM kiyA / saba ne bar3e saMyama ke sAtha samabhAva rakhate hue usa garala kA amRtavat pAna kara liyaa| kevala 1. (ka) zatapadIvacanAt-mahendrasUrikRta zatapadInAmnaH stanikamata samAcArI granthAta pUrva AMcalikamatapravRttikAle........... / -pravacanaparIkSA, pUrvabhAga, vi0 5 pR0 436 (kha) yena kAraNena tIrthAt bahirbhavane stanikasya mahat cihna tena kAraNeneha mukhavastrikA sthApanaprakaraNaM pUNimApakSa sthito'pi ca zrI varddhamAnAcArya akArSIt... -vahI-pR0 450 (ga) tIrtha bAhyo rAkArakto'pi nijasamudAyAt bahirbhUtastanika pratibodhAya mukhavastrikA vyavasthApakaM prakaraNaM kRtavAn / -vahI-pR0 450
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________________ 512 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 apane gaccha ko hI dUdha kA dhulA svaccha-accha-nirmala evaM saccA siddha karane ke prayAsa meM anya gaccha ke anuyAyiyoM ke liye kaThora, kaTu evaM halke vizeSaraNoM kA prayoga karane vAle tapAgaccha ke vidvAn lekhakoM ko kharataragacchIya laghu zAkhA ke prAcArya jinaprabha ne usI sikke meM uttara de kara isa prakAra ke lekhakoM kA muMha banda kara diyA / ' kintu aMcalagaccha ke vidvAn lekhakoM ne apane saMgha para kIcar3a uchAlane vAle lekhakoM ke aura unake gaccha ke viruddha kabhI kahIM eka zabda taka nahIM likhaa| kharataragaccha ke samAna aMcalagaccha kI utpatti bhI vastutaH zithilAcAra ke gahana daladala meM dhaMse jinazAsana-saMgharatha ke uddhAra hetu kiye gaye kriyoddhAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI huii| antara kevala itanA hai ki kharataragaccha ke mUla puruSa varddhamAnasUri ne caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga karake AmUlacUla kriyoddhAra athavA samagra dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA thA aura aMcalagaccha ke pUrva puruSa vijayacandrasUri ne caityavAsI paramparA jaisI kisI bhinna paramparA se nahIM varan zithilAcAra meM nimagna suvihita paramparA se hI nikala kara kriyoddhAra kA zaMkhanAda bajAyA thaa| vijayacandrasUri ne jisa samaya apane guru aura apanI suvihita paramparA se pRthak hokara kriyauddhAra kiyA, usa samaya caturvidha saMgha meM cAroM ora vyApta zithilAcAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa nirdoSa eSaNIya azana-pAna kA milanA bhI eka prakAra se asaMbhava sA ho gayA thaa| isa kAraNa kriyoddhAra ke apane lakSya kI pUrti hetu vijayacandrasUri ne apane tIna sAthI sAdhuoM ke sAtha apane prANoM kI bhI bAjI lagA dii| aMcalagaccha ke udbhava kI pRSThabhUmi vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM aMcalagaccha ke prAcArya bhAvasAgarasUri dvArA racita-"zrI vIravaMzapaTTAvali" apara nAma "vidhipakSa-gaccha paTTAvali" meM zrI vijayacandrasUri dvArA kiye gaye mahAn kriyoddhAra kA jo vivaraNa ullikhita hai, usakA atisaMkSipta sArAMza isa prakAra hai : "devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargastha hone ke anantara dussahya duHSama kAla ke prabhAva se eka sahasra varSa taka ekatA ke sUtra meM Abaddha calA pA rahA jainadharmasaMgha zAkhAprazAkhAoM, kuloM, garaNoM, gacchoM Adi meM vibhakta ho gyaa| vidyA aura kriyA kA jahAM taka prazna hai zramaNa-zramaNI samUha vidyA aura kriyA-donoM hI dRSTiyoM se vastutaH durbala ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra bha. mahAvIra kA vizvakalyANakArI yazasvI dharma zAsana vAstava meM sUtra rahita 1. zAkinImudgalAttAnAM, dRzyate'dyApyupakramaH / tapoTenAditAnAM tu, cikitsAsyAddarA bhRzam / / -tapoTamatakuTTana (jinaprabhasUri)
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 513 arthAt tIrtha saMcAlana kI prakriyA meM ekatA ke sUtra se vihIna athavA dharmapatha kA mArgadarzana karane vAle sarvajJa-praNIta sUtroM se rahita ho gayA thaa| prAryarakSitasUri dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra ke samaya saMgha meM vyApta ghora zithilAcAra ke aura dharmasaMgha kI dayanIya sthiti ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa prAcArya bhAvasAgarasUri ne zrI vIravaMza paTTAvali meM prastuta kiyA hai, usakI puSTi karane vAle anekAneka ullekha jaina vAMgmaya meM pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote hai / merutugasUri kI prasiddha racanA merutugIyA paTTAvali meM cAroM ora vyApta zithilAcAra ke sambandha meM jo mAmika bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha vastuta: aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa hai| merutugIyA paTTAvali meM prArya rakSitasUri ke vaMza, mAtA, pitA, jAti Adi kA paricaya dete hue likhA gayA hai-"pAbU parvata ke pAsa daMtrANI nAmaka eka grAma meM poravAr3a jAti ke droNa nAmaka eka pratiSThita vyApArI rahate the| unakI dharmapatnI kA nAma der3hI thaa| vaha dampati bar3A dharmaniSTha evaM ucca koTi ke vicAroM vAlA thaa| droNa aura der3hI donoM kA hI yauvana Dhalane lagA taba taka unako koI santAna nahIM huii| isaliye der3hI vizeSa rUpa se cintita rahatI thii| eka samaya jayasiMha nAmaka AcArya sukhapAla (pAlakI) meM baiTha kara bar3e hI ADambara ke sAtha vicaraNa karate hue daMtrANI grAma meM aaye| unake isa prakAra ke zithilAcAra ko dekhakara zreSThi droNa aura unakI patnI der3hI donoM hI unako vandana-namana karane ke liye upAzraya meM nahIM gaye / yaha bAta prAcArya jayasiMhasUri ke mana meM ghara kara gaI / rAtri meM isI cintA meM nimagna AcArya ko bar3I dera taka nIMda nahIM aaii| rAtri ke antima prahara meM unhoMne eka svapna dekhaa| svapna meM zAsanadevI ne unase kahA ki Aja se sAtaveM dina eka puNyazAlI jIva svarga se cala kara zreSThipatnI der3hI ke garbha meM AvegA / vaha bAlyAvasthA meM hI dIkSita hogA aura vizuddha vidhimArga kI sthApanA kara jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kregaa| tuma der3hI ko yaha bhaviSyavANI sunA kara usase usa ke usa putra kI yAcanA kara lenaa| jayasiMhasUri ko bar3I prasannatA huii| dUsare dina prAtaHkAla unhoMne zreSTha dampati droNa aura der3hI ko apane pAsa upAzraya meM bulavAyA / una donoM ne lokavyavahAra kA nirvahana karate hue upAzraya meM jAkara jayasiMhasUri ko vandana namana kiyA / tadanantara prAcArya jayasiMhasUri ne droNa se prazna kiyA--'tuma donoM dharmaniSTha hote hue bhI mujhe vandana karane ke liye kala kisa kAraNa se nahIM Aye ?" zreSThi droNa to mauna rahA, kintu spaSTavAdinI der3hI ne nirbhIkatApUrvaka uttara diyA-"prAcArya deva ! vartamAna meM Apa jinazAsana ke nAyaka haiN| Apa
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________________ 514 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga4 zAstroM ke marmajJa bhI haiN| yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI Apa aADambarapUrNa chatra, cAmara Adi parigraha rakhate hue sukhapAla meM baiTha kara vicaraNa kyoM karate haiM ? zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirgrantha zramaNa-zramariNayoM ke liye jisa kaThora zramaNa dharma kA upadeza diyA hai, usase vimukha ho Apa zithilAcAra ke daladala meM kyoM DUbe jA rahe haiM ?" der3hI ke mukha se kaTu kintu Agama sammata zAzvata satya ko sunakara lajjAnubhUti ke sAtha gahana vicAra meM nimagna ho prAcArya jayasiMha ne zAnta svara meM kahA"bhadre ! tumane jo upAlambha diyA hai, vaha vAstava meM akSarazaH upayukta evaM pUrNataH samucita hI hai| paMcamakAla ke kuprabhAva se hama logoM kI isa prakAra kI vRtti bana gaI hai, jisake liye vastutaH hama svayaM bhI antarmana meM kheda evaM lajjA kA anubhava karate haiN| hamArI prAntarika kAmanA yahI hai ki koI krAntikArI mahApuruSa sAhasa ke sAtha Age Aye aura zithilAcAra ke daladala meM dhaMse saMgharatha kA isa duravasthA se uddhAra kara ise AgamAnusArI vizuddha prazasta patha para agrasara kre|" -- tatpazcAt vijayasiMhasUri ne zreSThidampati ko Azvasta karate hue kahA"saMgharatha kA zithilAcAra ke daladala se uddhAra karane vAle isI prakAra ke eka bhAvI mahApuruSa ke sambandha meM zubha sUcanA dene hetu maiMne tuma donoM ko yahAM bulAyA hai| he zrAvikottame ! Aja se sAtaveM dina eka mahAn pratApI jIva tumhArI kukSi meM pAyegA / vaha kAlAntara meM jinazAsana kA mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya aura vidhimArga arthAt AgamAnusArI mArga kA saMsthApaka hogaa| jinazAsana ke hita ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue maiM abhI se tumhAre usa bhAvI putra kI, tuma donoM se yAcanA karatA huuN|" zreSThi-dampati ne harSavibhora ho uttara diyA- "bhagavan ! yadi hamAre putra ke hAthoM jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA hone vAlI hai, to yaha hamAre liye sabase bar3e saubhAgya kI bAta hai| hama saharSa yaha vacana dete haiM ki jaba bhI Apa kaheMge hama apane usa bhAvI putra ko Apake caraNoM meM tatkAla hI samarpita kara deNge|" isa prakAra kI pratijJA kara droNa zreSThi aura usakI patnI der3hI AcAryazrI ko vandana karane ke anantara apane AvAsa kI aora lauTa gaye / usI rAtri meM deDhI ne bhI svapna dekhA ki jinazAsanasevikA devI use kaha rahI hai- "kalyANi ! tumhArA prathama putra jisa samaya 5 varSa kA ho, usa samaya use gurucaraNoM meM samarpita kara denA / usa putra ke pazcAt samaya para tuma apane dUsare putra ko janma dogI, jisase ki tumhAre vaMza kI vRddhi hogii|" devI dvArA kI gaI bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra zreSThi patnI der3hI ne sAtaveM dina rAtri ke samaya svapna meM gAya kA dUdha pIyA aura usake garbha meM eka mahAn puNyazAlI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcala gaccha [ 515 zrAtmA avatarita huI / apanA adhikAMza samaya dharmArAdhana meM vyatIta karatI huI der3hI pUrNa saMyama aura sAvadhAnIpUrvaka apane garbhastha zizu kA saMvarddhana karane lagI / garbhakAla pUrNa hone para zreSThipatnI der3hI ne eka tejasvI putraratna ko janma diyA / garbhAdhAnakAla meM der3hI ne godugdhapAna kA svapna dekhA thA isa kAraNa mAtA-pitA ne putra kA nAma goduhakumAra rakhA / merutu gIyA paTTAvalI ke isa ullekha se do tathya spaSTa rUpa se prakAza meM Ate haiN| pahalA to yaha ki devadvigari kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caturvidha dharmasaMgha meM zithilAcAra kA prasAra prArambha huA aura jyoM-jyoM kAla bItatA gayA, tyoM-tyoM vaha uttarottara bar3hatA gayA / dUsarA tathya yaha prakAza meM AtA hai ki catuvidha dharmasaMgha meM vyApta zithilAcAra ke carama sImA para pahuMca jAne ke samaya bhI AgamAnusAra vizuddha dharma ke marmajJa aura usake anurUpa AcaraNa karane vAle bhavya prAraNI na kevala zramaraNa - zramaNI samUha meM hI apitu zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga meM bhI vidyamAna rahe / saddharma kA AcaraNa karane vAle aura grAgamAnusArI saddharma ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA-vizvAsa aura AsthA rakhane vAloM kA nitAnta abhAva prArambha se lekara adyAvadhi kabhI nahIM rahA / bhAvasAgarasUri ne devagiriNa kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt hue prAcAryoM ke nAma evaM krama dete hue udyotanasUri dvArA bar3agaccha kI sthApanA kA ullekha kiyA hai / tadanantara udyotanasUri ke paTTadhara sarvadevasUri aura sarvadevasUri ke pazcAt kramazaH padmadevasUri, udayaprabhasUri, prabhAnandasUri, dharmacandasUri, suvinayacandrasUri, vijayaprabhasUri, naracandrasUri vIracandrasUri aura jayasiMhasUri taka bar3agaccha ke AcAryoM ke nAma diye haiM / tadanantara jayasiMhasUri ke paTTaziSya vijayacandra kA paricaya dete hue likhA haiM : *---- "AbU parvata ke pAsa dantANI nAmaka grAma meM prAgvATvaMzAbharaNa droNa nAmaka maMtrI rahatA thaa| usa droNa maMtrI kI DeDhI nAma kI dharmapatnI kI kukSi se vijayacandra kA janma huA / vijayacandra ne saMsAra se virakta ho bar3e harSollAsa ke sAtha saMyama grahaNa kiyA / pratIva tIkSNa buddhi sAdhu vijayacandra ne apane guru ke pAsa bar3I niSThA evaM lagana se AgamoM kA adhyayana prArambha kiyA aura svalpakAla meM hI grAgama marmajJa vidvAn bana gaye / AgamoM ke adhyayanakAla meM prAgamavacanoM para cintana manana karate samaya sAdhu vijayacandra ne spaSTa dekhA ki AgamoM meM dharma kA aura zramaNoM ke pracAra kA jisa prakAra kA svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, usa prakAra kA zramaNAcAra Aja kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM ho rahA hai evaM duHSamakAla ke prabhAva se aneSaNIya azana-pAna grahaNa karane vAle aura sAvadya kAryoM meM mana, vacana evaM karma pravRtti karane vAle zramaNa zramaNIvarga kI kriyAeM vastutaH AgamoM se viparIta evaM prati zithila ho gaI haiM / "
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ina saba bAtoM para vicAra kara sAdhu vijayacandra ne apane guru jayasiMhasUri se nivedana kiyA-"bhagavan ! Aja kA zramaNa zramaNIvarga AgamoM meM ullikhita sarvajJa vANI se viparIta pAcaraNa kara unmArgagAmI kyoM ho rahA hai ?"1 jayasiMhasUri ne uttara diyA-"vatsa ! aAja ke logoM meM pramAda kA bAhalya ho gayA hai| isake liye kiyA hI kyA jA sakatA hai ? apane gaccha meM sadA sthira banAye rakhane ke liye jayasiMhasUri ne apane ziSya vijayacandra ko upAdhyAya pada pradAna kara diyaa| kintu pApabhIru AtmArthI vijayacandra ko usa prakAra ke zithilAcAra vAle gaccha meM rahanA kiMcinmAtra bhI rucikara nahIM lgaa| vaha apane tIna sAthI sAdhuoM ke sAtha kriyoddhAra karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa liye bar3agaccha aura apane guru se pRthak ho kara vahAM se kisI anya sthAna ke liye vihAra kara gyaa| pAMca samiti, tIna gupti ke sAtha apramatta bhAva se trikaraNa, triyoga se vizuddha kriyA kA pAlana karatA huA sAdhu vijayacandra vihArakrama se lATa deza meM phuNcaa| madhyAhnavelA meM ve sAdhu madhukarI ke liye gRhasthoM ke gharoM kI ora bddh'e| aneka gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM bhikSArtha bhramaNa karane ke anantara bhI una sAdhuoM ko kahIM kisI bhI gRhastha ke yahAM se kiMcinamAtra bhI nirdoSa AhArapAnIya prApta nahIM haa| ve sAdha binA kisI prakAra kI nirAzA athavA udvega ke samabhAvapUrvaka pAvAgiri ke zikhara kI ora bddh'e| zikhara para bane jinamandira meM unhoMne jinendra prabhu ko vandana-namana ke pazcAt saMlekhanA kI AkAMkSA se eka mAsa ke nirjala-nirAhAra tapa kA pratyAkhyAna kara liyA isa prakAra ghora tapazcaraNa ke sAtha Atmacintana meM lIna rahate hue vijayacandramuni aura unake sAthI sAdhuoM ko lagabhaga eka mAsa kA samaya vyatIta hone aayaa| paTTAvalIkAra ne Age likhA hai -udhara videha kSetra ke puSkalAvatI vijaya meM zrI sImaMdhara svAmI grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa kara rahe the| sImA nagarI meM devoM ne samavasaraNa kI racanA kii| samavasaraNa meM ekatrita caturvidha dharmasaMgha evaM zraddhAlu sasurAsura-narendrAdi kI suvizAla dharma pariSad ke samakSa zrI sImaMdharasvAmI ne sAdhu vijayacandra kI kaThora niraticAra zramaNacaryA, kriyApAtratA aura dharma ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA Adi unake guNoM kI prazaMsA karate hue pharamAyA :-"Aja jambUddhIpastha 1. duHsaha kAlavaseNa ya, aNesaNijjeNa asaNapAraNeNa / sAvajjakuNaMtANaM, sAhUNaM kubbarA kiriyA // 40 / / taM daTuM so'ppabhagai, samahijjaMtovi suttamAyAraM / bhayavaM ! ki vivarIyaM, dIsai ummagga karaNApro / / 41 / / -zrI vIravaMzapaTTAvali apara nAma vidhipakSa gaccha paTTAvalI-(hasta likhita prati prAcAryazrI vinaya candra jJAna bhaNDAra jayapura meM itihAsa sAmagrI kI jilda saM0 1 meM vidyamAna hai / ) .
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 517 bharata kSetra ke AryAvarta meM muni vijayacandra ne kriyoddhAra kiyA hai|" prabhu ke mukhAravinda se yaha suna kara cakrezvarI devI harSavibhora ho utthii| prabhu kI dezanA ke pazcAt prabhu ko vandana-namana kara vaha sAdhu vijayacandra kI sevA meM pAvAgirI ke zikhara para upasthita huii| usane sAdhu vijayacandra ko bhaktisahita vandana kara kahA-"bhagavan ! itanA bar3A sAhasa mata kiijiye| abhI saMlekhanA-grAmaraNa anazana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| bhAlijyanagara se yazodhana nAmaka eka zreSThI saMgha ke sAtha kala prAtaHkAla yahAM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mandira kI yAtrA ke liye A rahA hai| vizuddha dharma ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlane vAle Apake upadeza se prabuddha ho vaha Apa logoM ko nirdoSa azanapAna se mAsa-tapa kA pAraNa krvaayegaa|" isa prakAra prArthanA karane ke anantara cakrezvarI devI antardhAna ho gii| dUsare dina prAtaHkAla devI dvArA kI gaI bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra saMghapati yazodhana vizAla saMgha ke sAtha pAvAgiri ke zikhara para yAtrArtha pahuMcA / ghora tapasvI muni vijayacandra ko dekha kara saMghapati ne apane saMgha ke sAtha bar3I zraddhA-6 se unheM aura unake sAthI sAdhuoM ko vandana namana kiyaa| saMghapati praura sapanA prArthanA svIkAra kara muni vijayacandra ne unheM vItarAga vANI kA rasAsvAdana karavAte hue dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa para hRdayasparzI prakAza DAlA / janma-jarAmRtyu ke ghorAtighora dAruNa du:khoM se sadA-sarvadA ke liye mukti dilAne vAle vItarAga sarvajJa-praNIta dharma ke svarUpa ko suna kara saMghapati aura saMgha ke aneka sadasyoM ne samyaktva kI prApti kii| dharmopadeza zravaNa ke pazcAt prabuddha saMghapati yazodhana ne muni zrI vijayacandra aura unake sAdhanoM ko prazana-pAna grahaNa karane kI prArthanA kI / saMghapati aura saMgha ke sadasyoM ke vizrAmasthaloM (khemoM) meM 42 doSa-rahita eSaNIya AhAra-pAnIya hetu madhukarI karate samaya bhikSA meM una muniyoM ko jo vizuddha azana-pAna prApta huA usase mahAmuni vijayacandra aura unake sAthI sAdhunoM ne eka mAsa kI nirjala-nirAhAra kaThora tapazcaryA kA samabhAvapUrvaka pAraNa kiyaa| saMgha ke sabhI sadasyoM ke bhojanAdi se nivRtta ho jAne ke pazcAt zreSThi yazodhana vapane saMgha ke sadasyoM ke sAtha munizrI vijayacandra kI sevA meM upasthita huA aura unase nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! sarvajJa-praNIta jinAgamoM ke AdhAra para jainadharma ke vizvakalyANakArI, yathepsita phalapradAyI svarUpa para sAra rUpa meM prakAza DAla kara Apane hameM kRta-kRtya kiyaa| aba kRpA kara zrAvaka-zrAvikAdharma evaM zrAvaka zrAvikA varga ke kartavyoM para vizada prakAza DAlate hue hameM aisA mArga-darzana kIjiye, jisase ki prArambha-samArambhapUrNa gRhastha jIvana meM rahate hue bhI hama loga apane mAnava-janma ko saphala kara skeN| karuNAsAgara mahAtman ! hamArA samucita mArgadarzana kara isa ora-choravihIna bhavasAgara meM DUbate hue hama jaise logoM kA bhavasAgara se uddhAra kiijiye|"
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________________ 518 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 __saMghapati evaM saMgha kI prArthanA svIkAra kara munizrI vijayacandra ne sarvajJapraNIta zrAvaka dharma para hRdayasparzI evaM antarcakSuoM ko unmIlita kara dene vAlA prakAza DAlate hue zrAvaka ke atha se lekara iti taka ke samasta karttavyoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyaa| muni vijayacandra ne zrAvaka ke SaDAvazyakoM, jinapUjA, sAdhuvandana Adi kI vidhi batAte hue zrAvakavarga ke lie uttarAsaMga se yaha saba dhArmika kartavya (kArya) karane kA upadeza diyaa| isa sambandha meM vIravaMza paTTAvalI, apara nAma vidhipakSa paTTAvalI meM nimnalikhita gAthAeM draSTavya evaM mananIya haiM : aha uttarasaMgeNa ya, chavvIhamAvassayaM kurAMto so| sAmAiyaraguTThANaM, sAcavai suttamuvauttaM / / 58 / / aha uttarasaMgeNaM, duvAlasAvattavaMdaNaM sddho| vIya vaMdaNe guruNaM, payalagge eva so kuNai / / 68 / / muni vijayacandra ke upadeza se saMghapati zreSThi yazodhana ne dharma ke vizaddha svarUpa ko bhalIbhAMti hRdayaMgama kiyA aura tatkAla usane zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata aMgIkAra kiye| pAvAgiri se saMgha sahita apane nagara kI ora lauTate samaya yazodhana ne munizrI vijayacandra aura unake sAdhuoM ko bhI apane sAtha liyaa| apane nagara bhAlijyapura meM pahuMcane ke pazcAt yazodhana ne eka atisundara suramya jinabhavana kA nirmANa karavA kara usameM brahmacaryavratadhArI zrAvakoM se vidhipUrvaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke bimba kI pratiSThA karavAI / ' cakrezvarI devI ke vacana se muni vijayacandra vidhipakSa ke prAcArya bane / zrAvakAgraraNI zreSThi yazodhana ne muktahasta ho vipula dhanarAzi vyaya kara bar3e ThATa-bATa evaM harSollAsa ke sAtha rakSitasUri (munizrI vijayacandra) kA paTTamahotsava kiyaa| prAcAryapada para AsIna hote hI rakSitasUri ne usa samaya ke zramaNa-zramaNIvarga meM vyApta ghora zithilAcAra kA unmUlana karane ke sAtha-sAtha vizuddha cAritra ke abhAva ko dUra kiyaa| unhoMne Agama-praNIta vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI punaH pratiSThApanA karane ke uddezya se vidhi mArga kI pratiSThApanA kii| rakSitasUri (muni vijayacandra) ne vidhimArga kI saMsthApanA ke sAtha hI apane gaccha kI eka aisI samAcArI udghoSita kI, jo unakI mAnyatAnusAra AgamavacanoM ke anurUpa thii| AcAryazrI rakSitasUri dvArA udghoSita usa samAcArI ke pramukha niyama nimnalikhita rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiM : 1. vihipugvaM supaTTA, bambhavvayasAvahiM kAraviyA / ThaviyaM ca risahabiMbaM, mahA mahA saharisA jAyA / / 3 / / __ --vIravaMzapaTTAvalI, hastalikhita prati, lAlabhavana, jayapura /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1. 2. 3. 3. 5. 7. 8. e. 10. 11. 12. aMcalagaccha sAdhu janapratimA kI pratiSThA na karavAye / dIpa-pUjA, phala- pUjA, bIja - pUjA tathA bali pUjA ( jinapratimA kI ) na kI jAya / 14. 15. ] [ 516 tandula- pUjA athavA patra - pUjA kI jA sakatI hai / zrAvaka-zrAvikAvarga vastra ke aMcala se SaDAvazyaka Adi dhArmika kriyAeM kareM / pauSadha vastutaH parva ke dina kareM / sAmAyika zrAvakavarga sAyaMkAla evaM prAtaH kAla donoM samaya do-do ghar3I kI kare / upadhAna-mAlAroparaNa na kiye jAyeM / zakrastava se tIna bAra stuti kI jAya / muni ko vandana karate samaya eka khamAsamaraNa diyA jA sakatA hai / striyAM muniyoM ko khar3I raha kara hI vandana kareM / kalyANakoM ko na manAyA jAya / namotthu ke pATha meM - "dIvottANaM, saragagaipar3aTTA" ityAdi pATha nahIM bolA jAya / 13. namaskAramaMtra meM "par3hamaM havai maMgalaM" ke sthAna para "par3hamaM hoi maMgalaM " kahanA cAhie / caumAsI pAkSika pUrNimA ko kI jAya / samvatsarI ASAr3ha mAsa kI pUnama se 50 veM dina kI jAya aura grabhivaddhita mAsa vAle varSa meM bIsaveM dina samvatsarI kI jAya / adhika mAsa posa athavA ASAr3ha meM hI hotA hai / isa samAcArI ko aMcalagaccha ke prAcArya evaM anuyAyI etadviSayaka prAgamika nirdezoM ke nicor3a athavA sAra rUpa meM mAnate haiM aura unakI yaha sunizcita dRr3ha dhAraNA hai ki yaha koI nayA pantha athavA mata nahIM apitu zAzvata jaina dharma kA paramparAgata vizuddha evaM vAstavika svarUpa hai / samAja ke roma-roma meM vyApta zithilAcAra ko miTAne ke uddezya se zAzvata zrAgamika mAnyatAoM kI puna: pratiSThApanA hetu prazasta prayAsa hI thA / isa prakAra AgamAnurUpa vidhimArga kI saMsthApanA ke anantara vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle zrI vijayacandrasUri ( jinheM prAcAryapada para adhiSThita karate samaya rakSitasUri ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAne lagA ) aneka kSetroM meM dharma kA pracAra karate hue viuraNapa nagara meM pdhaare| vahAM usa samaya kA
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________________ 520 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sUvikhyAta RddhizAlI kapadi arthAt kadi nAma se vikhyAta koTipati athavA koDiyoM kA vyApArI vijayacandrasUri ke upadeza ko sunakara prabuddha huA aura vaha apane pArivArika-janoM ke sAtha unakA zraddhAlu zrAvaka bana gyaa| samayazrI nAma kI usakI putrI ne eka karor3a TaMka mUlya ke alaMkAroM evaM vipula sampadA tathA gRha-dvAraparijana Adi kA parityAga kara apanI 25 sakhiyoM ke sAtha vijayacandrasUri se zramaNI-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| vijayacandrasUri ke parama preraNApradAyI upadezoM se anuprANita ho viuNapanagara ke nivAsI aneka bhavyoM ne paMca mahAvratoM kI bhAgavatI dIkSAeM grahaNa kI aura bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM vahAM ke nivAsiyoM ne zrAvakadharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| isa prakAra (AcAryapada para adhiSThita hone ke anantara rakSitamUri ke nAma se vikhyAta) vijayacandrasUri vibhinna pradezoM ke grAma, nagara, pura, pattana Adi meM dharma kA pracAra karate hue vicaraNa karane lge| unake prabhAvapUrNa upadezoM se sAdhu, sAdhviyoM, zrAvakoM evaM zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA meM bar3I hI utsAhavarddhaka abhivRddhi huii| __ apane vizAla ziSyaparivAra ke sAtha vibhinna kSetroM meM dharmapracAra karate hue vijayacandrari eka samaya sthirapadra nagara meM padhAre / vahAM ke nivAsiyoM kI anunayavinayapUrNa prArthanA sunakara unhoMne vahIM varSAvAsa kiyaa| una dinoM koMkaraNa pradeza ke sopAraka nAmaka nagara meM dAhar3a nAma kA eka samRddhizAlI zreSTha rahatA thaa| usakI dharmaniSThA patiparAyaNA patnI neTI ne eka rAtri meM pUrNimA ke pUrNacandra ke svapnadarzana ke sAtha garbhadhAraNa kiyA / garbhakAla kI parisamApti ke pazcAt zreSThipatnI 'neTI' ne eka putraratna ko janma diyA / usa zizu kA nAma jAsiga (jayasiMha) rakhA gyaa| jAsiga ne vidyAdhyayana pUrNa hote-hote kizora vaya ko pAra kara yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa kiyA / zaizava kAla se hI bAlaka jAsiga apanI dharmaparAyaNA mAtA ke sAtha sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke darzana-vandana evaM pravacana zravaNa ke liye jAyA karatA thaa| eka dina usane gurumukha se jambUsvAmI kA caritra sunaa| Arya jambUsvAmI ke utkRSTa tyAga se aotaprota preraNApradAyI parama pAvana jIvanavRtta ko sunate hI jAsiga kA mana vairAgya se aotaprota ho gayA / prabuddha kizora jAsiga ne yena-kena prakAreNa mAtA-pitA kI anumati prApta kara sukhadatta nAmaka apane eka mitra ke sAtha * anahillapurapattana kI aora prasthAna kiyaa| vahAM cAlukya nareza jayasiMha se usakI bheMTa huI / vairAgya ke pragAr3ha raMga meM raMge jAsiga ke vicAroM se avagata ho rAjAdhirAja jayasiMha ne use sthirapadrapura meM virAjamAna vijayacandrasUri kI sevA meM upasthita hone kA parAmarza diyaa| tadanusAra jAsiga sthirapadrapura meM prAcAryazrI vijayacandrasUri ke upAzraya meM phuNcaa| jisa samaya jAsiga athavA jaisiga upAzraya meM pahuMcA, usa samaya upAzraya meM koI bhI zramaNa nahIM thA / ataH usane sUrivara ke siMhAsana para rakhe dazavaikAlika sUtra ko dekha use par3hanA prArambha kara
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 521 diyaa| pUrvajanmopArjita puNya ke pratApa se prApta 'ekasandhi-labdhi' ke prabhAva se, eka bAra ke par3hane mAtra se hI jAsiga ko sampUrNa dazavaikAlika sUtra kaNThastha ho gyaa| - caityavandana ke anantara vijayacandrasUri jaba upAzraya meM lauTe to jAsiga ne vinayAvanata ho pragAr3ha zraddhA-bhakti ke sAtha sUrIzvara ko vandana-namana kiyaa| sUrivara ke pUchane para apane paricaya ke sAtha hI jAsiga ne zramaraNa dharma meM dIkSita hone kI apanI prAntarika icchA prakaTa kii| ___ zubha muhUrta meM jAsiga ne vijayacandrasUri se paMca mahAvrata rUpa nirgrantha zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI / atIva medhAvI, suyogya evaM supAtra ziSya ko guru ne vyAkaraNa, tarka, sAhitya, chanda, alaMkAra Adi ke sAtha-sAtha pAgamoM kA adhyayana karAnA prArambha kiyA / athaka parizrama, pUrNa vinaya evaM guru ke kRpAprasAda se muni jAsiga pAMca varSoM meM hI zrutasAgara ke pAragAmI vidvAn bana gye| sabhI guNoM aura zubha lakSaNoM se sampanna apane ziSya jAsiga muni ko prAcAryapada ke bhAravahana meM sarvathA suyogya samajha kara vijayacandrasUri ne unheM bar3e ThATa-bATa ke sAtha "viuNappanagara" meM sUri pada para adhiSThita kiyaa| sUri pada pradAna karate samaya vijayacandra muni ne muni jAsiga kA nAma jayasiMhasUri rakha diyaa| bhAvasAgarasUri dvArA "zrI vIravaMza-paTTAvalI" meM jo nimnalikhita tIna gAthAeM nibaddha kI gaI haiM, ve isa tathya para spaSTataH prakAza DAlatI haiM ki jayasiMhasUri ke guru vijayacandrasUri kA hI apara nAma rakSitasUri thaa| satyAnvezI zodharuci vijJoM ko nirvivAda nirNaya para pahuMcane meM ve tIna gAthAeM bar3I hI sahAyaka siddha hoMgI, ata: una gAthAoM ko yahAM uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : vAgaraNa-takka-sAhicca-chanda'laMkAra-AgamAINaM / suyasAgarANa pArago jAgro so paMca varisehiM / / 16 / / mahayA DambarajuttaM sUripayaM tassa viuraNape jAyaM / jayasiMhasUri nAmo jAmro bhUmIya siMgAro / / 10 / / sUripae saMThaviyA niyaguru siri ajja rakkhiyabhihANA / tappaTTi udayagiri ravi siri jayasiMho jayau sUrI // 101 / / arthAt vyAkaraNa, tarka, sAhitya, chanda, alaMkAra aura ekAdazAMgI Adi AgamoM kA nirantara pAMca varSoM taka vijayacandrasUri ke pAsa adhyayana karate hue jayasiMha muni nikhila zrutasAgara ke pAragAmI vidvAn bana gaye / tadanantara unake guru (vijayacandrasUri) ne unheM (muni jayasiMha ko) viuNappa nagara meM bar3e hI ADambara arthAt ThATa-bATa se mahotsava ke sAtha sUri pada arthAt prAcAryapada para adhiSThita kiyaa| isa prakAra jayasiMhasUri nAmaka ye prAcArya vasudharA ke zrRgAra bana gye| zrI jaya siMha ko unake zrI Arya rakSita nAmaka guru ne sUripada para adhiSThita kiyA /
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________________ 522 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 prAcArya Arya rakSitasUri ke udayAcala rohaNagiri tulya paTTa para prArUr3ha jayasiMhasUri sadA jayavanta hoN| __ ina gAthAoM se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki vijayacandrasUri kA hI dUsarA nAma Arya rakSita rakhA gayA thaa| zithilAcAra ke gahana daladala meM nimagna zramaNa dharma kI vijayacandrasUri ne "vidhi pakSa-aMcalagaccha" sthApita kara rakSA kii| sambhavataH isI aitihAsika ghaTanAcakra ko amara-cirasthAyI svarUpa pradAna karane ke abhiprAya se zraddhAlu bhaktoM ne unakA nAma Arya rakSita rakhA ho| gAthA saM0 101 meM spaSTataH ullekha hai ki jAsiga ko unake guru Arya rakSita ne sUri pada para adhiSThita kiyA aura una Arya rakSita ke paTTa rUpI udayAcala para ArUr3ha sUrya ke samAna jayasiMhasUri jayavanta ho / isI paTTAvalI kI gAthA saMkhyA 58 evaM 68 meM jaisA ki pichale pRSThoM meM batAyA jA cukA hai, vijayacandrasUri ne apane dharmopadeza se prabuddha zrAvaka yazodhana ko uttarAsaMga se SaDAvazyaka aura dvAdaza AvartapUrvaka guru ko vandana karane kA Adeza diyaa| pUrva meM ullikhita ina gAthAoM para vicAra karane para bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki vijayacandrasUri hI Arya rakSita ke nAma se prasiddha hue| __ kisI bhI zramaNopAsaka dvArA uttarAsaMga se guru vandana kA ullekha AgamoM ko chor3a aMcalagaccha ke vidvAnoM dvArA kiye gaye isa ullekha ke atirikta jainavAMgmaya meM anyatra kahIM khojane para bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| - ina saba ullekhoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue taTastha rUpa se vicAra karane para isa bAta meM kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM raha jAtI ki AcAryazrI vijayacandrasUri ne aMcalagaccha kI sthApanA kI aura una vijayacandrasUri kA hI dUsarA nAma Arya rakSitasUri thaa| prasiddha itihAsavid prophesara pITarsana ne bhI gahana zodha ke anantara Arya rakSita ko hI vidhi pakSa (apara nAma aMcalagaccha) kA saMsthApaka mAnate hue likhA hai : Arya Raksbita Founder of the Anchal and Vidhi Paksha Gachchha Guru of Jaisingha, who was Guru of Dharmaghosha, (8 App, P. 219.). This Dharmaghosha wrote in Samvat 1263, Sankhya. (1 App. P. 12.) __ In Merutunga's Shatpadi- Saroddhar (Nos. 1340. 1, of this report collection). It is stated that this Arya Rakshit was born in samvat 1136, in the village Dantani (daMtANI), that he took vrat in samvat 1142 and
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 523 that died at the age of 91 in samvat 1226. He was called Goduha (goduha) by his father, Vijaichandra by his guru and Arya Rakshita by his Suri. In the Pattavali of Anchal Gachchha (Bombay Ed. 1889) it is stated that Arya Rakshit founded the Gachchha in samvat 1169. DA0 klATa ne prophesara pITarsana se apanA kucha aMzoM meM bhinna abhimata vyakta karate hue likhA hai : __ "Arya Rakshita Suri, born samvat 1136 in Danta Nagaram (danta nagaram ) merutuga P. 11 Dantani (daMtANI), mUla nAma Goduha (goduha) Merutung (Merutunga), Son of the Vyavaharin (vyavahArina), Drona (droNa) of the Pragwat Jnati (prAgvATa jAti) dIkSA samvat 1146 (Merutunga 1141, zatapadI samUddhAra 1142) obtained from the guru the name Arya Rakshit Suri (Arya rakSita sUri) died in samvat 1236 at the age of 100 (Merutunga's Shatpadi 1226 at the age of 91)" mantrI bAndhava kuMvarapAla sonapAla dvArA AgarA meM nirmApita jinamandira ke samvat 1671 ke zilAlekha meM bhI Arya rakSitasUri ko mahAvIra kA 48vAM paTTadhara batAte hue unheM aMcalagaccha kA saMsthApaka batAyA gayA hai| vaha zilAlekha isa prakAra hai :-- "zrI aMcalagacche zrIvIrAdaSTacatvAriMzattame paTTe zrI pAvakagirau zrI sImandhara jinavacasA zrI cakrezvarIdattavarA siddhAntoktamArgaprarUpakA zrI vidhipakSagacchasaMsthApakA zrI Arya rakSita sUrayaH / / 1 / / " aba prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki Arya rakSitasUri apara nAma vijayacandrasUri ne zrAddhavarga ko uttarAsaMga se SaDAvazyaka evaM sAdhuvandana karane kI paripATI pracalita karane vAle vidhisaMgha kI sthApanA kisa samaya kI ? aneka paTTAvaliyoM tathA vidvAnoM kI kRtiyoM meM aMcalagaccha kI sthApanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1213 batAyA gayA hai| kintu vIravaMza paTTAvalI ke ullekhoM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki vijayacandrasUri apara nAma Arya rakSitasUri ne vi0 saM0 1166 meM hI prAcArya 1. (ka) tathA vi0 saM0 trayodazAdhike dvAdazazata (1213) varSe pAMcalika matotpatti / (paTTAvalI samuccaya, pRSTha 56) (kha) vedAbhrAruNakAla (1204) auSTrikabhavo vizvArka (1213) kAle'calaH / -zatapadI
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________________ 524 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pada para AsIna hone ke sAtha-sAtha "vidhipakSa apara nAma aMcalagaccha" kI sthApanA kii| etadviSayaka isI paTTAvalI kI nimnalikhita gAthAeM mananIya haiM : egArasa chattIse (vi0 saM0 1136) jammaNa bAyAla (1142) caraNasirivariyA auNuttarie (1166) varise vihipakkha gaNo ya saMThavipro / / 114 / / bArasa chattIsaMmi ( 1236) ya, sayavarisaM pAliUNa paripuNNaM / siri ajjarakkhiya guru, go divaM timira nayarammi // 115 / / tappaTTapauma haMso, gaNAhivo sUrirAya jayasiMho // 116 // arthAt-prArya rakSitasUri (vijayacandrasUri) kA janma vi0 saM0 1136 meM huA / unhoMne vi0 saM0 1142 meM, 6 varSa kI Ayu meM hI zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| vi0 saM0 1166 meM zreSThivara zrAvakAgraNI yazodhana ne bar3e ThATa-bATa ke sAtha unakA sUripada mahotsava kiyA aura usI samaya vidhipakSa gaNa (gaccha) kI sthApanA kii| vi0 saM0 1236 meM apanI 100 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara Arya rakSitasUri (vijayacandrasUri kA hI apara nAma) timira nagara meM svargastha hue / unake paTTadhara gacchAdhipa jayasiMha sUrivara hue| DA0 klATa bhI isa abhimata se apanI sahamati prakaTa karate hue likhate haiM : Under him the Gachchha having a vision of Chakreshwari Devi received Samvat 1169 the name Vidhi Paksha Gachchha.2 ina uparilikhita gAthAoM ke manana ke pazcAt isa bAta meM to kisI prakAra kA saMzaya nahIM raha jAtA ki Arya rakSitasUri ne vi0 saM0 1166 meM vidhipakSagaccha kI sthApanA kI aura apanI paramparA ke zrAvakoM ko uttarAsaMga se SaDAvazyaka aura sAdhuvandana kA nirdeza diyaa| kintu yahAM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki isa vidhipakSa kA nAma aMcalagaccha kaba aura kisa prakAra pdd'aa| isa sambandha meM jaina vAMgmaya ke pAloDana se do prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM prakAza meM AtI haiM : pahalI vicAradhArA bhAvasAgarasUri dvArA racita zrI vIravaMza paTTAvali se hI prakaTa hotI hai| isa paTTAvali meM ullekha hai ki rakSitasUri dvArA unake ziSya jayasiMhasUri ko prAcAryapada pradAna karane ke samaya rakSitasUri ke zramaNa-zramaNI parivAra kI saMkhyA nimnalikhita rUpa meM thI : 1. pro. pITarsana ne mematugasUri dvArA racita zatapadIsAroddhAra ke AdhAra para prArya rakSita. sUri kA dehAvasAnakAla vi0 saM0 1226 mAnA hai, jabaki DA0 klATa ne anya prAdhAroM para Arya rakSitasUri kA dehAvasAna vi0 saM0 1236 se 100 varSa kI Ayu meM honA mAnA hai| --sampAdaka 2. dekheM Bhan R.E.P. 1883-84, pRSTha 130, 442, bolyuma 1 /
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________________ sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 525 "2120 sAdhu, 1130 sAdhviyAM, 12 AcArya, 20 upAdhyAya-vAcanAcArya, 173 paNDita, 1 mahattarA (kapadi zreSThi kI putrI) samayazrI aura 82 pravati niyaaN|" apane isa vizAla zramaNa-zramaNI parivAra ke sAtha jayasiMhasUri vihArakrama se aNahillapUra pattana meM phuNce| vahAM usa samaya mahArAjA kumArapAla zAsana kara rahe the| prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ke upadeza se prabuddha cAlukyarAja mahArAja kumArapAla jinazAsana ke pragAr3ha zraddhAniSTha bhakta evaM zrAvakAgraNI bana gaye / kumArapAla ne apane samasta rAjya meM amAri kI ghoSaNA karavA dI aura ve saba jIvoM para bar3I tatparatA se dayAbhAva rakhate hue deza virati arthAt zrAvakadharma kA pAlana karate the| eka samaya mahArAjA kumArapAla muhapatti (mukhavastrikA) se prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ko vandana kara rahe the| usI samaya vidhipakSa kA zrAvakAgraNI kapardi bhI AcAryazrI hemacandra kI sevA meM upasthita huA aura uttarAsaMga se unheM vandana karane lagA / uttarAsaMga se vandana karate hue kapardi zrAvaka ko dekha kara mahArAjA kumArapAla ko bar3A Azcarya huaa| rAjA ne hemacandrasUri se prazna kiyA :-"bhagavan ! guruvandana kA yaha AzcaryakArI nayA rUpa kaisA ?" prAcAryazrI hemacandra ne uttara meM kahA-"rAjan ! jinezvara bhagavAn ke vacana ke anurUpa yaha guruvandana kI mudrA hai aura tumhArI guruvandana kI yaha mudrA paramparAgata mudrA hai|'' rAjA ke prazna kA uttara dene ke pazcAt AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri ne vijayacandrasUri kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue mahAvideha kSetra kI sImA nagarI ke samavasaraNa meM sImandhara jinezvara dvArA kI gaI vijayacandrasUri kI prazaMsA kI tathA cakrezvarI devI dvArA unheM (vijayacandra muni ko) samavasaraNa meM ghaTita usa ghaTanA se avagata karAne tathA vizuddha dharma kI punaH pratiSThApanA ke sambandha meM preraNA diye jAne Adi kI bAta sunAI aura anta meM kahA- "AgamoM meM pradarzita patha para calane ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha vijayacandrasUri ne vidhimArga kI sthApanA kI hai|" yaha saba vRttAnta sunAne ke anantara mahArAjA kumArapAla ne 'vidhipakSa' kA * nAma aMcalagaccha athavA aMcalagaNa rakhA / ' 1. aha annayA narezo, muhapattIe karei kIikamma / vihipakkha kavaDisAvaya, uttarasageNa taM viyarai // 106 / evaM kimii niveNaya puTTho siri hemasUri vaccei / jiNavayaNesA muddA, paramparA esa tumhAraNaM / / 110 // -zrI viisvNshpttttaavlii| 2. pacchA niveNa tassa vi, aMcalagaNa nAma siripaheNa kayaM / / 113 / / - zrI vIravaMza paTTAvalI
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________________ 526 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 isake pazcAt mahArAjA kumArapAla rakSitasUri (vijayacandrasUri) ke darzanoM kI abhilASA se timirapura gaye aura unhoMne vahAM bar3e bhaktibhAva ke sAtha rakSitasUri ko vandana-namana kiyaa| vIravaMzAvalI apara nAma vidhipakSa gaccha paTTAvalI meM ullikhita isa vivaraNa se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki prAcAryazrI rakSitasUri kI vidyamAnatA meM hI mahArAjA kumArapAla ne vidhipakSa kA nAma aMcalagaccha bhI rakha diyA / vidhipakSa kI sthApanA ke kucha samaya pazcAt isa gaccha kA nAma aMcalagaccha rakhA gayA hogA, isa bAta kI puSTi 'vidhipakSa paTTAvalI' meM ullikhita tathyoM se bhI hotI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, vidhipakSa kI sthApanA ke anantara vijayacandrasUri aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue kAlAntara meM viuNappanagara meM pdhaare| vahAM zreSThi kapadi unake upadezoM se prabuddha huA aura usane zrAvaka dharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| isa ullekha ke sandarbha meM aMcalagaccha nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vidhipakSa kI sthApanA ho jAne ke pazcAt hI kapardi zreSThi ne zrAvaka dharma aMgIkAra kiyA aura zrAvaka dharma aMgIkAra karane ke paryApta samaya pazcAt usane pATaNa meM mahArAjA kumArapAla ke samakSa hemacandrAcArya ko uttarAsaMga se vandana-namana kiyaa| kumArapAla ko yaha dekha kara Azcarya huA / usane guru se isakA kAraNa pUchA aura guru dvArA samIcInatayA samAdhAna kara diye jAne para usane vidhipakSa kA nAma aMcalagaccha rkhaa| vidhipakSa paTTAvalI meM isa bAta kA to spaSTa ullekha hai ki vidhipakSa kA nAmakaraNa aMcalagaccha karane ke pazcAt kumArapAla vidhipakSa ke saMsthApaka prAcArya rakSitasUri ke darzanoM ke liye timirapura gayA, kintu paTTAvalI meM isa prakAra kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai ki kumArapAla kisa samvat meM rakSitasUri ke darzanArtha timirapura gayA / isa prakAra kI pramANAbhAva kI sthiti meM AdhikArika rUpa se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki paramAhat mahArAja kumArapAla Arya rakSitasUri ke darzana hetu kisa samvat meM timirapura gaye aura unhoMne kisa samvat meM vidhipakSa kA nAma aMcalagaccha rkhaa| aisI dazA meM, anya paTTAvaliyoM meM ullikhita aMcalagaccha kI sthApanA ke samvata 1213 kI saMgati biThAne ke liye yadi yaha kahA jAya ki vi0 saM0 1213 meM kapardi zrAvaka ko uttarAsaMga se vandananamana karate hue dekha kara kumArapAla ne vidhipakSa gaccha kA nAma aMcalagaccha rakhA to yaha kathana sambhavatayA anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu kisI Thosa AdhAra ke binA ise prAmANika nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sambhava to isaliye kahA jA sakatA hai ki vidhipakSa ke saMsthApaka Arya rakSitasUri vi0 saM0 1236 meM aura AcAryazrI hemacandrasUri vi0 saM0 1226 meM svargastha hue tathA mahArAja kumArapAla __ kA dehAvasAna vi0 saM0 1230 meM huA / ' isa prakAra kI sthiti meM yaha saMbhava to 1. (ka) zrI vIravaMzapaTTAvalI, gAthA saM0 115 / (kha) apabhraMza kAvyatrayI pRSTha saM0 64 para mAnacitra /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 527 ho sakatA hai ki vi0 saM0 1213 meM vidhipakSa kA dUsarA nAma aMcalagaccha rakhane ke anantara rAjA kumArapAla rakSitasUri ke darzana evaM vandana-namana ke liye timirapura gaye hoN| aMcalagaccha ke prAdurbhAvakAla ke sambandha meM dUsarI vicAradhArA vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI ke tapAgacchIya vidvAn granthakAra upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara dvArA racita 'pravacana parIkSA' nAmaka khaNDana-maNDanAtmaka grantha se prakAza meM AtI hai| upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne aMcalagaccha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM likhA hai aha aMcaligraM kumayaM, loapasiddha pi kiMci daMsemi / teruttara bArasae, vikkamo ahamakammudayA / / 1 / / puNi mitro narasiMho, nAmeNaMeganayaNa duvvynnoN| keNavi avarAheNaM, tehi bi bAhiko prAsI / / 2 / / so puraNa kameNa chauNayagAme, patto a tattha tammaiyA / lograNarahiyA nADhIti saDDhI vi mahiDDhiA vuDDhA / / 3 / / tIe vaMdaNadANAvasare muhapattiA vi Ne pttaa| dehaMcaleNa vaMdaNa mitra, maNigraM teNa pAveNa / / 4 / / sA puraNa puvvaM puNima gurUNa keraNAvi dUmiyA prAsI / narasiMhassa vi bhaiNI, dohivi payaDIkayaM kumayaM / / 5 / / tIe sUripayaM vi a, davAvigraM asahasa daviNeNaM / tassajja rakkhieNaM, nAmeNaM ciinivAsIhiM / / 6 / / arthAt-pAMcalika (aMcalagaccha) nAmaka kumata yadyapi loka-prasiddha hai tathApi maiM isake sambandha meM prakAza DAla rahA huuN| vi0 saM0 1213 meM adhamakarma (hIna karma) ke udaya se pauriNamika gaccha ke eka AMkha ke dhanI (kANe) aura kaTubhASI narasiMha nAmaka eka sAdhu ne aMcalagaccha kI sthApanA kii| use kisI aparAdha ke kAraNa pauriNamika gaccha se bahiSkRta kara diyA gayA thaa| gaccha se vahiSkRta narasiMha nAmaka vaha sAdhu vividha kSetroM meM vicaraNa karatA huA 'chauNaya' nAmaka grAma meM pahuMcA / usa grAma meM pauriNamika gaccha kI zramaNopAsikA nADhI nAma kI eka atIva vaddha andhI evaM apAra Rddhi kI svAminI mahilA rahatI thii| narasiMha muni ke Agamana kA samAcAra suna kara vaha vRddhA mahilA nAr3hI unheM vandana karane ke liye upAzraya meM phuNcii| vandana kA upakrama karate samaya nAr3hI ne anubhava kiyA ki vaha apanI mukhavastrikA ghara para hI bhUla AI hai /
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________________ 528 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 mukhavastrikA na hone ke kAraNa nAr3hI nAma kI vaha zrAvikA mUni narasiMha ke samakSa binA vandana kiye hI cupacApa khar3I rahI / yaha dekha kara usa pApI muni narasiMha ne kahA - " bahina ! pror3hanI ke aMcala se hI vandana kara lo / " isa prakAra ke nirdeza ke prApta hote hI nAr3hI ne or3hanI ke aMcala ko mukha ke Age rakhate hue narasiMha muni ko vandana - namana kiyA / usa samRddhizAlinI, andhI evaM vayovRddhA mahilA nAr3hI ke grahaM ko kisI pauNimIyaka prAcArya ne kucha samaya pUrva Thesa pahuMcAI thI / isa kAraNa vaha usa AcArya ke prati dveSabhAva rakhane lagI / vaha ghaTanA isa prakAra ghaTita huI ki pUrNimA gaccha ke eka AcArya 'chauraNaya' grAma meM Aye / unhoMne zraddhAlu bhaktoM se pUchA"Apa logoM ke dhArmika kAryoM kA nirvahana to bhalIbhAMti ho rahA hai na ?" bhakta samUha ne uttara diyA "nAr3hI kI kRpA se bar3I acchI taraha calatA hai / " prAcArya ne kahA - "yaha kyoM kahate ho ? kaisI nAr3hI ? yaha kyoM nahIM kahate ki deva aura guru ke prasAda se saba kucha sAnanda cala rahA hai / " eka dina usa grAma kA zrAvaka-zrAvikAvarga una AcArya ko vandana karane ke liye upAzraya meM ekatrita huA / kintu usa samRddhA, vRddhA zrAvikA nAr3hI ko kisI kAraNavaza samaya para pahuMcane meM vilamba ho gayA / isa kAraNa nAr3hI ke Ane kI pratIkSA meM AbAla vRddha nara-nArI bar3I dera taka cupacApa khar3e rahe / upasthita janasamUha meM se eka vyakti ne kahA - "jaba taka nAr3hI na A jAya, taba taka usakI pratIkSA kI jAya / usake yahAM A jAne ke pazcAt hI vandana kiyA jAya / " AcArya ne nAr3hI (nAthI) kI avahelanA karate hue kahA - "usakI pratIkSA meM Apa loga vyartha hI kaba taka khar3e rahoge ? Apa loga hI vandana kara lo / " zrAddha varga ne grAcArya ke kathanAnusAra zramaNopAsakA nAr3hI kI binA aura adhika pratIkSA kiye hI vandana kara liyA aura vandanAnantara saba loga apane-apane ghara kI ora lauTa gaye / ne jaba yaha saba vRttAnta sunA to vaha bar3I ruSTa huI aura usane kahA"AcArya ne jAna-bUjha kara merA apamAna kiyA hai, mere sammAna ko Thesa pahuMcAI hai / " pUrNimAgaccha ke una prAcArya ke prati nAr3hI ke isa prakAra ke dveSabhAva kA vRttAnta muni narasiMha ko vidita ho gayA thA / grataH vaha ugra vihArakrama se chauraNaya
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 j aMcalagaccha [ 526 grAma meM pahuMcA / usane nAr3hI se kahA- "bahina ! tere sammAna ko Thesa pahuMcAne vAle prAcArya ke zrAvaka-zrAvikA samudAya se mukhavastrikA kA tyAga karavA kara maiM tere usa apamAna kA badalA luuNgaa| zAstroM meM zrAddhavarga athavA zrAvaka-zrAvikAvarga ke lie mukhavastrikA kA kahIM vidhAna athavA nirdeza taka nahIM hai|" yaha sunakara nAr3hI (nAthI) bar3I prasanna huI aura usane apane samasta pArivArika janoM ke sAtha sAmUhika rUpa se mukhAgra para kevala aMcala rakhate hue hI vandana kiyaa| __ isa prakAra eka aAMkha ke dhanI (kANe) narasiMha muni aura donoM prAMkhoM se andhI nAr3hI ne pAMcalika kumata ko prakaTa kiyaa| usa nAr3hI ne naTIpadrIya caityavAsI AcArya rakSitasUri ke hAthoM apane guru narasiMha ko bar3e prADambara ke sAtha prAcAryapada pradAna karavAyA / nAr3hI ne isa paTTamahotsava meM ATha hajAra mudrAeM vyaya kii|" upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne Age likhA hai-- "isa prakAra aMcalagaccha kI sthApanA ke pazcAt usa narasiMhAcArya ne apane gaccha kI vRddhi kI lAlasA se ikavIsa upavAsa kara kAlikA nAma kI eka mithyAdRSTi devI kI ArAdhanA kii| usa narasiMhAcArya ne logoM ke samakSa isa prakAra kA jhUThA pracAra kiyA ki cakrezvarI devI usa para prasanna huI hai| narasiMhAcArya ne jo mata prakaTa kiyA, usakI utsUtratA (pAgama virodhitA) to sarvajana vidita hI hai ki usane zrAvaka-zrAvikAvarga ke liye sarvaprathama mukhavastrikA kA aura tatpazcAt sAmAyika kA bhI niSedha kiyaa|" isa prakAra prAMcalika mata ke prAdurbhAva evaM udbhava kAla ke sambandha meM ye do prakAra ke mukhya ullekha jaina vAMgmaya meM upalabdha hote haiN| apane virodhiyoM athavA apane se bhinna gaccha ke anuyAyiyoM ke prati ati karkaza, kaThora aura nitAnta azobhanIya zabdoM ke prayoga upAdhyAya dharmasAgara kI 'pravacana parIkSA' nAmaka kRti meM yatra-tatra pracura mAtrA meM dRSTigocara hote haiM / upAdhyAya dharmasAgara dvArA aMcalagaccha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM diye gaye uparilikhita vivaraNa ke mukhya pAtra narasiMhAcArya aura nAr3hI (nAthI) kA nAmollekha taka aMcalagaccha kI paTTAvaliyoM athavA etadviSayaka samagra jaina sAhitya meM anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne caityavAsI prAcArya rakSita dvArA muni narasiMha ko prAcAryapada pradAna kiye jAne kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha bhI jaina vAMgmaya meM adyAvadhi anyatra kahIM bhI prakAza meM nahIM AyA hai| yahAM pratyeka tathyAnveSI niSpakSa vijJa vicAraka ke lie sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa vicAraNIya tathya yaha hai ki upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara ne aMcalagaccha ke saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM jo muni narasiMha kA nAmollekha
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________________ 530 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 kiyA hai, vastutaH isa nAma ke muni athavA prAcArya kA nAma aMcalagaccha kI paTTAvaliyoM meM khojane para bhI kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM upAdhyAya dharmasAgara dvArA kiye gaye isa ullekha evaM ukta sampUrNa kathAnaka kI prAmANikatA ke sambandha meM vijJa pAThaka svataH sahaja hI nirNaya kara sakate haiM / merutu 'gasUri ke ullekhAnusAra vastusthiti isase pUrNataH viparIta evaM bhinna hI pratIta hotI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : "merutu sUri ne apanI racanA "laghu zatapadI" meM ullekha kiyA hai ki nAraNakagaccha ke sarvadevasUri se bar3agaccha pracalita huaa| bar3agaccha meM anukramaza: jayasiMhasUri nAmaka eka paTTedhara hue / jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya vijayacandra ne saMgha meM vyApta zithilAcAra se cintita ho kriyoddhAra kA nizcaya kiyA / jayasiMhasUri ne vijayacandra muni ko upAdhyAya pada pradAna kiyA kintu unhoMne ( vijayacandra muni ne ) kriyo - ddhAra karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyA / isaliye apane guru evaM gaccha kA parityAga kara ve apane tIna sAthI muniyoM ke sAtha svatantra rUpa se pRthak hI vicaraNa karane lage / eka dina vihArakrama se vijayacandra muni apane mAmA zIlaguNasUri ke pAsa pahuMce, jo paurigamika gaccha ke AcArya the / vijayacandra muni ne apane mAmA AcArya zIlaguNasUri kI nizrA meM rahate hue AgamoM kA adhyayana kiyA / adhyayana sampanna hone ke anantara grAgamoM meM niSNAta apane bhAgineya vijayacandra muni ko zIlaguNasUri ne pauriNamika gaccha ke prAcAryapada para adhiSThita karane kA vijayacandra ke samakSa prastAva rakhA / bhavabhIru muni vijayacandra ne isa Dara se ki prAcAryapada para adhiSThita hone ke anantara mAlAropaNa Adi sAvadya kAryoM meM lipta honA par3egA, apane mAmA ke prastAva ko tatkAla spaSTa rUpa se asvIkAra karate hue kahA - " maiM to upAdhyAya pada para hI ThIka hUM / " "isa ghaTanA ke katipaya dinoM pazcAt vijayacandra muni ne apane tIna sAthI sAdhuyoM ke sAtha anyatra vihAra kara diyA aura ve pUrvavat vibhinna kSetroM meM svatantra rUpa se vicaraNa karane lage / tatpazcAt muni vijayacandra ne navIna 70 boloM ke sAtha AgamAnusArI apanI samAcArI kI ghoSaNA pUrvaka vidhipakSa (aMcalagaccha ) kI sthApanA kI / " isa sabake atirikta bar3e Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki prArya rakSitasUri nAmaka kisI caityavAsI prAcArya dvArA narasiMha muni ko graMcalagaccha ke prAcAryapada para adhiSThita kiye jAne kI jo bAta upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne apane grantha pravacana parIkSA meM, aMcalagaccha kI utpatti viSayaka prakaraNa kI gAthA saMkhyA 6 meM likhI hai, usakA nAma mAtra ke liye bhI na to koI prAdhAra sampUrNa jaina vAMgmaya meM anyatra upalabdha hotA hai aura na kahIM caityavAsI paramparA ke yatkiMcit upalabdha sAhitya meM
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________________ sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha / 531. AcArya rakSitasUri ke hone kA hI koI saMketa dRSTigocara hotA hai / isa prakAra kI AdhArahIna sthiti meM vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI meM hue vidvAn lekhaka upAdhyAya dharmasAgara dvArA svayaM ke ullekhAnusAra vi0 samvat 1213 meM aMcalagaccha ke nAma se abhihita kiye gaye gaccha ke sambandha meM kahI gaI bAta kA eka nirAdhAra kiMvadantI se adhika mahatva nahIM ho sktaa| upAdhyAya dharmasAgara kI racanAoM kI na kevala tatkAlIna anyAnya sabhI gacchoM ne hI apitu unake apane svayaM ke gaccha, tapAgaccha ke prAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne bhI kaTu AlocanA kI hai| upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ke sambandha meM aMcalagaccha ke zodhapriya itihAsavid pAsavIra vIrajI dullA "pArzva' ne likhA hai :-"dharmasAgarajIe aMcalagaccha nu khaNDana karavA mAM ane anucita AkSepoM karavA mAM satya ne neveja mUkI dIdhu cha / emanA khaNDanAtmaka lakhANa thI sarva mato khalabhalI uThyA ane tenu jo samAdhAna na thAya to AkhA jaina samAja mAM dAvAnala agni prktte| pAthI tapAgacchAcArya vijayadAnasUrIe uparyukta (pravacana parIkSA) grantha ne pANI mAM bolAvI dIdho (jala meM Dubo diyA) ane tene apramANa tthhraavyo| dharmasAgarajI ne jinazAsana mAMthI bahiSkRta karavA mAM paNa AvyA / emaNe emanA bejavAbadAra lakhANa mATe saMgha nI samakSa kSamA paNa yAcI (mAMgI) / dharmasAgarajI nA khaNDanAtmaka valaNa ne lIdhe khuda tapAgaccha mAM paNa bhaMgANa pddyu| tapAgaccha 'devasUra' ane "prANandasUra" ema be pakSo mAM vibhakta thyo| hIravijayasUrie prathama sAta bola ane pAchala thI 12 bola e nAme AjJApro jAhira karI athaDAmaNa prochI karavA prayAso karyA / paraspara gaccho mAM agAU nI mAphaka prema jalavAI rahe, ane utsUtra prarUpaNA nI vRddhi na thAya eTalA mATe dasavAM bola mAM hIravijayasUrie jaNAvyu ke -"tathA zrI vijayadAnasUri bahujana samakSa jalazaraNa je kI-- utsUtra kandakuddAla grantha-te mAMhilu je asammata artha bIjA koI grantha mAMhi prANyau huvaI tau te tihAM artha apramANa jANivahuM / " __ kharataragaccha kI hI bhAMti kriyoddhAra karane vAle prAyaH sabhI gacchoM kA virodhI gacchoM dvArA DaTa kara virodha kiyA gayA |praaNclik gaccha bhI isa prakAra ke virodha se achUtA na rhaa| jyoM-jyoM yaha lokapriya hotA gayA, tyoM-tyoM isakA virodha bhI jora pakar3atA gyaa| prasiddha itihAsajJa sva0 paMnyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja ne apanA abhimata isa sambandha meM isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA hai :---- .........................."aura kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla meM to kevala jinadatta tathA unake anuyAyiyoM kA hI nahIM, paurNamika, AMcalika vidhimArga-pravartaka Adi nayenaye gaccha vAloM kA pATaNa meM AnA banda ho gayA thA |......"kumaarpaal ke rAjya 1. aMcalagaccha digdarzana-zrI muluNDa aMcalagaccha jaina samAja, muluNDa, bambaI-80, prakAzana - san 1967 IsvI, pR0 55
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________________ 532 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 taka hI nahIM, usake bAda dvitIya bhImadeva ke rAjya taka ukta pauramika, kharatara Adi gacchoM kA pATana meM AnA jAnA banda thA / 1....... kharataragaccha vAloM ke liye to 13vIM zatI ke madhya bhAga meM hI mArga khula gayA thA parantu paurNamika, prAMcalika gaccha vAle to jaba taka pATana meM rAjapUtoM kA rAjya rahA, taba taka pATana se dUra-dUra hI phirate the| jaba purAne pATana kA musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa se bhaMga huA aura musalamAnoM ne vahAM apanA rAjya-jamA kara nayA pATana basAyA, taba se paurNamika Adi pATana meM praveza kara pAye the|" merUtugIyA paTTAvalI ke ullekhoM se bhI yahI bAta prakaTa hotI hai ki usa samaya pATana meM sAmpradAyika asahiSNutA bar3e tIvra vega se prasRta ho rahI thii| aneka gaccha apane pratipakSI gacchoM ko lokadRSTi meM nIcA dikhAne ke prayAsa meM saMlagna the| unhoMne apane pratipakSI gacchoM ke viruddha kumArapAla ko bhar3akAyA aura kahA-"prApa aura hama saba cautha ke dina sAMvatsarika parva manAte haiM kintu katipaya gacchoM ke anuyAyI paMcamI ko sAMvatsarika parvArAdhana karate haiN| ApakI vidyamAnatA meM isa prakAra kA saMghabheda, bha0 mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kI phUTa kA dyotaka mAnyatAbheda vastutaH samucita nhiiN|" merutugIyA paTTAvalI meM isa prakAra kA ullekha hai ki mahArAjA kumArapAla ne rAjAjJA prasArita kara una sabhI gacchoM ko pATana se bAhara cale jAne kA Adeza diyA, jo paMcamI ke dina sAMvatsarika parva manAne ke pakSa meM the| isa ullekha se yaha eka nayA tathya bhI prakAza meM AtA hai ki paramArhat ke viziSTa sammAnArha pada athavA viruda se vibhUSita cAlukyarAja kumArapAla jaina saMgha meM ekarUpatA sthApita karane ke liye kitane prayatnazIla evaM cintanazIla the| ___ jaina vAMgmaya meM isa bAta ke bhI pramANa upalabdha hote haiM ki sAmpradAyika vibheda ke pariNAmasvarUpa jainasaMgha meM bar3hatI huI khIMcAtAnI, tIvra hote hue manomAlinya aura pArasparika vidveSa se vastutaH aneka prabuddha prAcArya evaM caturvidha dharmatIrtha ke prabuddha sadasya bar3e cintita the| unhoMne isa prakAra kI dayanIya sthiti ko samApta karane aura pArasparika sadbhAva kA vAtAvaraNa utpanna karane kI utkaTa lAlasA se sampUrNa jainasaMgha meM ekarUpatA lAne ke prayAsa bhI kiye| laghu zatapadI meM prAcArya merutuga ne isa prakAra ke eka prayAsa kA ullekha kiyA hai / laghu zatapadI ke ullekhAnusAra 'vAhakagaNI' kI preraNA se hemacandrAcArya ne jayasiMhasUri ko kahA ki ve sabhI gacchoM ke liye eka sarvamAnya samAcArI taiyAra karane hetu 'viuNapa' taTa se 1. paTTAvalI parAgasaMgraha, pR0 303 2. paTTAvalI parAgasaMgraha, pRSTha 304 3. merutugIyA paTTAvalI (aMcalagaccha digdarzana, pRSTha 71)
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 533 saMgha ko Amantrita kreN| isa para jayasiMhasUri ne hemacandrAcArya se kahA ki yadi sabhI gaccha vAle prAcArya mila kara mujhe eka samAcArI banAne kA kaheM to maiM usake liye saharSa samudyata huuN| vAhaka gaNi ne jayasiMhasUri ke isa uttara kA yaha artha lagAyA ki sabhI gacchoM ke prAcAryoM ke samakSa eka hI prakAra kI samAcArI nirdhArita karane ke liye kahanA vastutaH sote sAMpa ko jagAne ke tulya hogaa| isa prakAra ke prayAsa se to sampUrNa jaina samAja meM andara hI andara kalaha bhar3aka utthegaa|| laghu zatapadI ke ullekhAnusAra vAhakagaNI ne jayasiMhasUri ko maravA DAlane ke liye katipaya sazastra logoM ko bhejaa| kintu ve sabhI AkramaNakArI jayasiMhasUri ke tapa aura teja ke prabhAva se stambhita ho pASANa kI taraha nizcala ho gye| jayasiMhasUri ko maravA DAlane ke liye kiye gaye do SaDyantroM kA ullekha bhAvasAgarasUri ne vIravaMza-paTTAvalI meM bhI kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : tappaTapaumahaMso, gaNAhivo sUrirAya jayasiMho / kattha vi gAma dugaMtara, gacchai parikareNa jugro / / 116 / / kehi pi guru ghAuM, saMpesiyA bhar3asaI kare satthA / jAva sameyA tattha vi, thaMbhiyabhUyA tayA savvA / / 117 / / piya-mAya-baMdhavehiM, gurupAse AgaehiM bhattIe / taiya diNe pagadhovaNa, chaMTaNo mukkalA jAyA / / 118 // annaya pAsattheNa vi, guruhaNaNatthaM ca pesiyA suhar3A / viuNappi vasai duvAre, parupparaM jujhiyA valiyA // 116 / / tassa ya uyare veyaNa-, saMjAyA aibahUpagArehiM / na samai tatto tappaya, dhoyaNa-pANau uvasamiyA / / 120 / / arthAt--vi0 saM0 1236 meM sau varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara timira nAmaka nagara meM rakSitasUri ke svargastha hone ke anantara unake paTTadhara jayasiMhasUri vihArakrama se eka dina kisI gAMva kI ora jA rahe the| kinhIM logoM (virodhiyoM) ne jayasiMhasUri ko maravA DAlane ke liye katipaya sazastra AkramaNakAriyoM ko bhejaa| jayasiMha guru para prahAra karane hetu ve zastradhArI jaba guru kI ora bar3he to ve sabhI stambhita ho patthara kI mUrtiyoM kI bhAMti nizcala-nizceSTa khar3e ke khar3e hI raha gye| jayasiMhasUri nirbhIka ho apane lakSyasthala para pahu~ca gye| virodhiyoM dvArA bheje gaye ve sazastra bhaTa nirantara tIna dina aura tIna rAta taka vikaTa vana meM usI bhAMti stambhita rahe / anta meM jaba una bhaToM ke mAtA-pitA Adi pArivArika janoM ko isa ghaTanA kA patA calA to ve saba milakara jayasiMhasUri kI sevA meM pahuMce aura sUrivara se punaH punaH kSamAyAcanA karane lge| una logoM ne AcAryazrI jayasiMhasUri
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________________ 534 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ke caraNoM kA prakSAlana kara usa caraNodaka ko una stambhita bhaToM para chir3akA / jayasiMhasUri ke caraNodaka ke chIMToM se ve sabhI bhaTa tatkAla stambhana se mukta hue aura apane parijanoM ke sAtha apane-apane gharoM ko lauTa gaye / ___ kAlAntara meM kisI eka pArzvastha (kisI gaccha vizeSa ke agraNI) ne bhI jayasiMhasUri kA prANAnta karavAne ke lie katipaya sazastra bhaToM ko bhejA / ve subhaTa bhI "viuNappa" nagara ke dvAra para pahuMcate-pahuMcate paraspara hI lar3a par3e aura jisa kArya ko karane ke liye ve Aye the, usa kArya ko hI bhUla gye| udhara jisa virodhI ne una subhaToM ko jayasiMhasUri kA prANAnta karane ke liye bhejA thA, usake udara meM ati bhISaNa asahya pIr3A utpanna huI aura antatogatvA vaha bhI jayasiMhasUri ke caraNodaka ke pAna se hI pIr3A-mukta ho paayaa| . isa prakAra ke ullekha isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki ekamAtra AgamoM ke AdhAra para sarvAMgapUrNa AmUlacUla kriyoddhAra ke abhAva evaM khaNDazaH apUrNa chuTapuTa kriyoddhAroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa utpanna hue anekAneka naye-naye gacchoM ke kAraNa jaina saMgha vikrama kI terahavIM zatI meM hI vastutaH zatrubhAvapUrNa pArasparika kalaha kA kendra bana vidveSAgni meM burI taraha jhulasane laga gayA thaa| isa prakAra kI kalahapUrNa sthiti se tatkAlIna samAja ke bahujanapUjita prabuddha prAcArya cintita bhI the kintu unheM isa bAta kA bhaya thA ki jaina samAja ke aMga-pratyaMga evaM asthi-majjA taka meM vyApta vidveSAgni evaM kalaha kI jvAlAoM ko zAnta karane ke lakSya se sampUrNa saMgha meM ekarUpatA lAne hetu yadi kisI bhI prakAra kA prayAsa kiyA jAyagA to vaha dhuka-dhukAtI agni-jvAlAoM meM ghRta uMDelane tulya ati bhayAvaha hogaa| usa prakAra ke prayAsa se samAja meM vyApta vidveSAgni aura bhI adhika pracaNDa vega se bhar3aka uThegI / yahI kAraNa thA ki kalikAla-sarvajJa ke viruda se vibhUSita hemacandrasUri jaise mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya ko bhI merutugasUri dvArA kiye gaye upayullikhita tathyAnusAra isa viSaya meM mauna-sAdhanA kA hI Azraya lenA pdd'aa| niyoddhAra eka ati duSkara kArya AcArya rakSitasUri (muni vijayacandra) ne jaina dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke vizuddha svarUpa ko jana-jana ke samakSa punaH pratiSThita karane ke uddezya se vi0 saM0 1166 meM eka prakAra kI dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA thaa| unase lagabhaga 80 varSa pUrva vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke sarvaprathama kriyoddhAraka evaM kharataragaccha ke nAma se kAlAntara meM prasiddha huI paramparA ke prAdyAcArya zrI varddhamAnasUri aura unake ziSya jinezvarasUri ne jinadharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ko yathAvat punaH pratiSThApita karane ke uddezya se dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA thaa| prAcArya rakSitasUri se lagabhaga 20 varSa pUrva (vi0 saM0 1146 meM) paurNamika gaccha ke saMsthApaka AcArya candraprabha ne
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 535 bhI jainasaMgha meM praviSTa huI vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane ke uddezya se dharmacetanA aura jAgRti kA zaMkhanAda pUrA thA tathA lagabhaga 10 varSa taka apane virodhI gacchoM dvArA cAroM ora se prastuta kiye gaye virodha ke pariNAmasvarUpa unake sAtha saMgharSarata rahane ke pazcAt vi0 saM0 1156 meM antatogatvA vidhivat paurNamika gaccha kI sthApanA kI / varddhamAnasUri, rakSitasUri, candraprabhasUri Adi ina sabhI zAsanahitaiSI AcAryoM kA prArambha meM eka sarvAMgapUrNa samagra dharmakrAnti karane kA hI uddezya rahA, kintu caturvidha saMgha meM vikRtiyoM kI jar3a itanI adhika gaharI pahuMca gaI thI ki vikRtiyoM kA mUlocchedana kara unameM AmUlacUla parivartana ke sAtha ekarUpatA lAnA asambhava sA ho cukA thaa| ataH dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ko punaH pratiSThApita karane kA una prAcAryoM kA svapna sAkAra nahIM ho pAyA aura unake dvArA kI gaI dharmakrAntiyAM eka paridhi taka hI sImita raha gii| vidhipakSa (aMcalagaccha) ke janmadAtA rakSitasUri ne bhI ekamAtra AgamoM ke hI AdhAra para samagra dharmakrAnti ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha vidhipakSa (AgamAnusArI pakSa) kI sthApanA kI thii| kintu ve bhI isa dharmakrAnti meM apane lakSya ke anurUpa Age nahIM bar3ha ske| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki vIra nirvANa kI eka sahasrAbdi ke pazcAt panapI caityavAsa aura zithilAcAra kI paramparA usa samaya taka jana-jana ke jIvana meM ghula-mila sI gaI thii| vastutaH isa prakAra ke kriyoddhAroM ke mAdhyama se kI gaI dharmakrAntiyAM tatkAlIna dharmasaMgha meM sarvatra vyApta zithilAcAra ke viruddha thIM aura usa zithilAcAra kI jananI, sUtradhAra athavA pratIka thI caityavAsI paramparA / isa dRSTikoNa se isa prakAra ke kriyoddhAroM athavA dharmakrAntiyoM ko caityavAsI vastutaH apane viruddha prabala abhiyAna samajhate the| zithilAcAra ko janma dene vAlI, zramaNAcAra ke mUla svarUpa ko sarvAMgINa rUpeNa tathA dharma ke mUla rUpa ko vikRta karane vAlI caityavAsI paramparA kA prabhAva sampUrNa gujarAta, saurASTra, mevAr3a, mAravAr3a, mAlavA Adi pradezoM meM sarvatra ghara kara cukA thaa| ina pradezoM meM rAjyAzraya prApta ho jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa caityavAsiyoM kA prabhAva uttarottara bar3hatA hI gyaa| pATaNa ke vizAla sAmrAjya ke saMsthApaka vanarAja cAvar3A aura usake uttarAdhikArI 7 cApotkaTavaMzIya rAjAoM ne vi0 saM0 802 se vi0 saM0 168 paryanta kula milA kara 166 varSa taka caityavAsiyoM ko apanA dharmaguru-rAjaguru mAna kara unheM sarvAdhika sammAna pradAna kiyaa| apane dharmaguru ke saMgha-caityavAsI saMgha ko dRr3ha se dRr3hatama banAne hetu caityavAsI saMgha ko sabhI prakAra kI suvidhAeM pradAna karane ke sAtha-sAtha vanarAja cAvar3A ne apane sampUrNa rAjya meM isa prakAra kI rAjAjJA prasArita karavA dI ki caityavAsI prAcArya kI anumati ke binA unake rAjya kI sImAoM meM anya kisI bhI paramparA ke jaina zramaNa-zramaNIvarga vicaraNa to dUra praveza taka na kara pAyeM /
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________________ 536 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vi0 saM0 668 meM pATaNa para cAlukya rAjavaMza kA prabhutva ho jAne ke anantara bhI usa vaMza ke prathama mahArAjA mUlarAja ke zAsana kAla se lekara usa vaMza ke cauthe mahArAjA durlabha sena athavA durlabharAja ke rAjyakAla ke antima varSa se pUrva vikrama saM0 1076-80 taka caityavAsiyoM ko pATaNa rAjya meM ekAdhikAra ke rUpa meM ve sabhI prakAra kI suvidhAeM yathAvat prApta hotI rhiiN| isa prakAra vi0 saM0 802 se lekara vi0 saM0 1080 taka caityavAsiyoM kA vizAla gurjara rAjya meM kula milA kara 278 varSa paryanta pUrNa varcasva rhaa| vanarAja cAvar3A dvArA prasArita kI gaI rAjAjJA ke mAdhyama se saMsthApita vaha maryAdA pATaNa ke vizAla rAjya meM paune tIna zatAbdI se bhI adhika samaya taka akSuNNa rUpa se calatI rahI, jisake anusAra caityavAsiyoM ke atirikta kisI bhI jaina paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke liye pATaNa rAjya meM praveza taka niSiddha thA / nirantara 278 varSa taka prApta isa suvidhA ke kAraNa caityavAsI saMgha eka atIva zaktizAlI saMgha ke rUpa meM jana-jana ke mana aura mastiSka para chA gayA thA / caityavAsiyoM dvArA pracalita kiye gaye bhautika ADambaroM se prota-prota dhArmika vidhividhAna atyanta lokapriya bana cuke the| apane dainika jIvana meM AbAla-vRddha sabhI jainadharmAnuyAyI caityavAsiyoM dvArA pracalita kiye gaye AcAra-vicAra, vidhi-vidhAna, rIti-nIti Adi ke pUrNa-rUpeNa abhyasta ho cuke the / dharma ke vizuddha Agamika mUla svarUpa ko, AgamoM meM pratipAdita zramaNacaryA ko gujarAta Adi una sabhI rAjyoM ke loga bhUla cuke the, jahAM para ki sudIrgha kAla taka caityavAsiyoM kA dhArmika evaM sAmAjika kSetra meM ekAdhipatyapUrNa varcasva rhaa| isa sabake pariNAmasvarUpa janajIvana meM rUr3ha huI vikRtipUrNa mAnyatAoM evaM anAgamika AcAra-vicAra, vidhi-vidhAna Adi ko samApta karanA, unakA samUlonmUlana karanA eka ati duSkara hI nahIM apitu asAdhya kArya bana gayA thaa| isa saba ke atirikta vidhi pakSa kI sthApanA se lagabhaga 60 varSa pUrva varddhamAnasUri aura jinezvarasUri dvArA kI gaI dharmakrAnti se caityavAsI pUrNataH caukanne, sajaga athavA sAvadhAna ho cuke the / apanI paramparA ke viruddha uThe choTe-bar3e kisI bhI prakAra ke virodha ko aMkurita hone se pUrva hI kucala DAlane ke liye ve sadA kaTibaddha rahane laga gaye the| caityavAsiyoM ke atirikta anyAnya gacchoM ke virodha evaM prakopa kA bhAjana bhI navodita paramparA ko bananA par3atA thaa| aisI sthiti meM pUrNataH AgamoM ke anurUpa dharma ke svarUpa aura zramaNAcAra kI puna: pratiSThApanA hetu sampUrNa dharmakrAnti kA lakSya hote hue bhI rakSitasUri Adi kriyoddhArakoM ko apanI dharmakrAnti tathA kriyoddhAra ko katipaya aMzoM meM hI sImita karanA par3A / yahI kAraNa thA ki AgamoM meM pratipAdita jaina dharma kI mUla mAnyatAoM ko dharmasaMgha meM yathArtharUpeNa punaH pratiSThApita karane kI prAntarika abhilASA ke hote hae bhI prAya: ve sabhI kriyoddhAra karane vAle mahApuruSa sampUrNa krAnti kA apanI icchA ke anurUpa kriyAnvayana karane meM eka prakAra se antatogatvA asaphala hI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 537 rahe / unakI asaphalatA ke do aura bhI bar3e kAraNa the| eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa yaha thA ki caityavAsiyoM ne jana-jana ke mana-mastiSka meM isa prakAra kI bhAvanA bhara dI ki binA nigamoM (brAhmaNa paramparA ke vedoM kI paripATI ke anurUpa caityavAsiyoM dvArA racita granthoM) aura upaniSadoM kA sahArA liye badalatI huI dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM meM jaina-dharma apanA astitva banAye nahIM rakha sktaa| logoM ke mana-mastiSka meM caityavAsiyoM dvArA baddhamUla kara dI gaI isa bhAvanA ke kAraNa caityavAsiyoM ke pUrNa varcasva meM AyA huaA vizAla jaina jana-samudAya nigamoM evaM upaniSadoM meM pratipAdita kisI eka bhI paripATI kA parityAga karane ke liye udyata nahIM thaa| kriyoddhAroM ke, AzAnurUpa saphala na hone kA dUsarA bar3A kAraNaM yaha bhI thA ki caityavAsI AcAryoM ne tyAgI varga ke liye zAstroM meM "duraNacaro dhammo vIrANaM' kI saMjJA se abhihita kiye gaye kaThora zramaNa dharma kI caryA meM bhI suvidhAjanaka parivartana kara isa prakAra kI suvidhAeM upalabdha karA dI thIM ki jinase zramaNa-zramaNIvarga binA kisI prakAra ke kaSTa athavA parISaha-sahana ke hI jIvana bhara apane anuyAyiyoM kA parama pUjya evaM upAsya banA raha ske| tyAgI varga ke liye caityavAsiyoM dvArA zramaNacaryA meM upalabdha karavAI gaI athavA nirdhArita kI gaI suvidhAeM nimna rUpa meM thIM :(1) jIvana bhara eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para vicaraNa karate rahane ke mUla zramaNAcAra kA parityAga kara jIvana bhara eka hI sthAna para apane caitya meM athavA maTha meM niyata nivAsa kreN| madhukarI (bhikSAcarI) jaise kaThora zramaNAcAra ko tilAMjali dekara apane caityoM athavA maThoM meM niraMjana-nirAkAra jinendra prabha ko bhoga lagAne ke liye vahAM kI pAkazAlAoM meM nirmita kiye gaye yatheSTa azana-pAnAdi se sukhapUrvaka apane jIvana kA nirvAha kreN| mandiroM athavA maThoM meM zraddhAlu bhaktoM dvArA jo dhana jinendra prabhu ke caraNoM meM bheMTa kiyA jAya, usakA upayoga ve apanI suvidhA evaM icchAnusAra kreN| apane bhaktoM ko sabhI prakAra ke sAMsArika kAryakalApoM ke muhUrta nikAla kara deN| nimittazAstra se unake bhAvI jIvana se sambandhita bhaviSya-kathana kreN| sugandha se suvAsita sundara raMgIna vastra yatheSTa dhAraNa kreN| (6) yatheSTa dhana saMcaya kreN| (7) kezalucana jaisI kaThora zramaNacaryA kA parityAga kreN| (8) mukhazuddhi hetu tAmbUlacarvaNa kreN|
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________________ 538 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 (6) ghI, dUdha, phala, phUla Adi kA yatheSTa sevana kreN| (10) sacitta ThaMDe jala ko pIne Adi ke kAma meM leN| (11) gamanAgamana Adi ke liye vAhana (sukhapAla) Adi rakheM / (12) vastra, pAtra Adi kA saMgraha kreN| (13) zayyA para soyeN| (14) tela, abhyaMga (poThI) Adi kA apane aMga-pratyaMga para mardana kreN| (15) choTe-choTe bAlakoM ke mAtA-pitA ko dhana dekara apane ziSya parivAra ko bar3hAne ke liye bAlakoM kA kraya kreN| (16) cikitsA, mantra-tantra Adi ke mAdhyama se apane jIvana ko sukhI banAne ke liye dhanArjana kreN| (17) jinendra prabhu kI pUjA karate samaya prAratI svayaM kareM evaM balikarma (havana) kreN| (18) apanI icchAnusAra jinamandiroM, pauSadhazAlAoM aura vyAkhyAna bhavanoM kA nirmANa krvaayeN| (16) mahilAoM se saMsarga-samparka rakheM, unake samakSa vyAkhyAna deM, bhajana kIrtana Adi kreN| (20) svargastha hue apane guruoM ke dAhasaMskAra-sthaloM para pITha (cabUtare) Adi bnvaayeN| (21) upavAsa Adi kaThora tapazcaraNa kI koI vizeSa AvazyakatA nhiiN| isa prakAra caityavAsiyoM ne je ya kaMte pie bhoe, laddhe vi piTTI kuvvai / sAhINe cayai bhoe, se hu cAi tti vuccai / / Adi gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se AgamoM meM pratipAdita, jIvana bhara talavAra kI tIkSNa dhAra para calane tulya, zAzvata zivasukhapradAyI ati duzcara zramaNa jIvana ko caityavAsI paramparA ke karNadhAroM ne eka susamRddha gRhastha ke jIvana ke samAna sukha-suvidhAoM se paripUrNa banA diyaa| 1. (ka) "aMcalagaccha digdarzana"-pRSTha 24 prAkkathana / (kha) "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3", pRSTha 57 se 63
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 536 isa prakAra kI sthiti meM zrAgamAnusAra jainadharma ke AdhyAtmika vizuddha svarUpa evaM duzcara- kaThora zramaragAcAra ko AmUlacUla kriyoddhAra ke mAdhyama se punaH pratiSThApita karane ke ati pAvana kArya meM varddhamAnasUri Adi una kriyoddhAraka mahAn prAcAryoM ko kisa-kisa prakAra kI kaThinAiyoM se jUjhanA par3A, isakI kalpanA pratyeka prabuddha pAThaka sahaja hI kara sakatA hai / aMcalagaccha jaina saMgha kI isa prakAra kI tatkAlIna sthiti kA " aMcalagaccha-digdarzana " meM bar3e hI mArmika zabdoM meM citraNa kiyA gayA hai / jijJAsu pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke liye, usake katipaya aMza yahAM uddhRta kiye jA rahe haiM :-- "gujarAta, mevAr3a, mAravAr3a, bar3hiyAra, saurASTra ityAdi pradezoM mAM caityavAsI sAMdhuyoM ne rAjyAzraya malatA - malatAM tevo amaryAda banI baghatA gayA / pATaNa mAM jainAcArya zIlaguNasUri ane devacandrasUri nA vAsakSepa thI vi0 samvat 821 (vi0 saM0 802) mAM vanarAja cAvar3A no rAjyAbhiSeka thayo hoI ne vanarAja cAvar3A e e banne AcAryoM ne ziSya - paramparA nA hakka mAM tAmrapatra para pharamAna lakhI prApyu ke prAcAryoM ne mAnanArA caityavAsI yatiyo ne sammata munirAjo ja pATaraNa mAM rahI zake, bIjApro rahI zakase nahIM / cAvar3Ao nA rAjya pradeza mAM paraNa yA pharamAna nI asara par3I / pariNAme saMvegI sAdhupro bhATe to pATaNa nA dvAra bandhaja rahyAM, parantu emanA rAjya pradeza mAM paraNa caityavAsiyo nI icchAo ne adhIna emane rahevu par3atu / eTale hada sudhI bAta pahuMcI ke udyotanasUri nA ziSyoM ne koI grAma ke nagara mAM sUripade sthApavA bhATe paraNa muzkela banelu, pariNAme zrAbU Upara TelI nAma nAM grAma nI najIka vaTa vRkSa nI nIce chAraNa nA vAsakSepa thI sarvadevasUri tathA anya ziSyoM ne AcArya pade sthApavA mAM AvelA / AAvI rIte cAvar3Ao nA rAjya pradeza mAM caityavAsiyo vinA anya sAdhunoM ne AvavAno paNa rAjya tarapha thI pratibandha hato / ( 17 ) .... 1.... vanarAja ( vi0 saM0 802), yogarAja, kSemarAja thI te TheTha sAmanta siMha sudhInA cAvar3A rAjAzro caityavAsI sAdhutroM ne dharmaguru ne rAjaguru tarIke mAnatA hatA / caityavAsI prAcAryo prAthI e rAjAno nA dhArmika saMskAroM nI kriyA paNa karatA hatA / keTalAka no evo mata paraNa che ke caityavAsI prAcAryo rAjA nA dhArmika purohito nuM dhArmika kArya karatA hatA / te thI jaino nA jaina veda nA pracAra thI rAjakIya dharma tarIke jaina dharma pravartato hato / prA thI cAvar3Ao nA zAsana mAM vaidika samudAya nuM varcasva nahIMvat jevuM ja rahya, jaina vedo, upaniSado dvArA jaina brAhmaNo dhArmika pravRtti karI ne jaina dharma nI ArAdhanA karatA hatA / (18) mahUna jiraNAraNamnI upadeza kalpavallI nI TIkA mAM jaraNAvavA mA~ Avyu N che ke Agamo ane nigamo e banne ne bhegA kaMryA vinA jaina tatvo nu samAdhAna thAya nahIM / jainAgamo ane jaina nigamo e banne dvArA jaina dharma vizva mAM pravartI zake
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________________ 540 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 cha / bharata rAjAe jaina nigamo pravartAvyAM hatAM, te sarva tIrthaMkaro nA samaya mAM/kAyama hatAM, ane te pramANe sola saMskAro bagairenI kriyA paNa thatI hatI / dareka tIrthaMkaroM nA samaya mAM jainAgamo navAM hatAM, arthAt dvAdazAMgI judI racAtI htii| mahAvIra prabhu nA samaya mAM jaina nigamo jaina vedo ane upaniSado kAyama rahyAM hatAM / caityavAsiyo nA varcasva daramiyAMna jaina vedo ane jaina upaniSado loko mAM khUbaja pracalita rahyAM / caityavAsiyo nu prabhutva haTatAM paNa tetro mAM thI nigama prabhAvaka gaccha tarIke eka gaccha kAyama rhyo| (88)..."caityavAsiyo mAM paNa aneka mahAn prAcAryo thaI gayA che, jemaNe zAsana nI sArI sevA karI cha / droNAcArya, sUrAcArya, govindAcArya vagaire nucaritra tapAsiye to spaSTa thAya che ke, tepro vidvAn, zAstrajJa, anekAnta nA yathArtha vyavasthApaka, vivekI, paraspara snehabhAva darzAvanAra ane dharma rakSA mAM sadA udyamazIla hatA / utsava hoya, yAtrA hoya, ke pratiSThA hoya to sau malI ne dharma bhAvanA karatA hatA / tero mAM AcAra zuddhi hatI, vicArazuddhi paNa rahetI, eka mAtra vyavahArazuddhi na hatI-eTale ke tezro zithila htaa| e temanI moTI uNapa hatI, jene dUra karavAnI anivArya AvazyakatA htii|" ina saba kaThina paristhitiyoM meM una sabhI kriyoddhArakoM ko kArya karanA pdd'aa| yadyapi varddhamAnasUri ne vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke aSTama dazaka ke samApta hote-hote dharma ke Agamika svarUpa kI punaH pratiSThApanA ke lie jo dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA thA, usase rakSitasUri ko apane abhinavarUpeNa saMsthApita athavA punaH pratiSThApita vidhimArga ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie paryAptarUpeNa prazasta patha milA, tathApi unheM apanI lakSya-siddhi ke liye aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, caityavAsiyoM ke sarvavyApI varcasva ke kAraNa rakSitasUri aura unake sAdhuoM ko nirdoSa AhAra pAnIya taka nahIM milA aura isa prakAra kI sthiti meM unheM AjIvana anazana ke rUpa meM apane prANoM kI bAjI taka lagAne kA vicAra karanA pdd'aa| rakSitasUri (vijayacandrasUri) ke tyAga tapa pUrNa jIvana evaM parISaha sahana se janamAnasa unakI ora AkarSita huaa| rakSitasUri ne apratihata vihArakrama se prAgamika dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA aura unake jIvanakAla meM hI vidhimArga (aMcalagaccha athavA acala gaccha) eka sudRr3ha evaM sazakta dhArmika saMgha ke rUpa meM lokapriya bana gyaa| unake paTTadhara jayasiMhasUri ne vi0 saM0 1236 se vi0 saM0 1258 taka ke apane prAcAryakAla meM vidhisaMgha gaccha kI ullekhanIya AzAtIta vRddhi kii| ve apane samaya ke mahAn vAdI the| unhoMne digambara paramparA ke ajeya vAdI kumudacandra ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara digdigantavyApinI kIrti ajita kI / jayasiMhasUri ne aneka kSatriya vaMzoM ko jainadharmAvalambI
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________________ sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha banA kara vidhipakSa ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA meM bhI ullekhanIya abhivRddhi kii| jayasiMhasUri dvArA kI gaI jinazAsana-sevA kA viziSTa ullekha prastuta grantha meM yathA sthAna kiyA jaaygaa| jayasiMhasUri ke pazcAt unake viziSTa evaM vidhipakSa gaccha ke tRtIya paTTadhara dharmaghoSasUri, unake pazcAt vidhipakSa ke cauthe paTTadhara mahendrasiMhasUri aura unake pazcAt vidhipakSagaccha ke pAMcaveM paTTadhara prAcAryasiMha prabha bhI mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya hue| vidhipakSa ke paMcama paTTadhara siMhaprabhasUri ne siMha ke samAna parAkrama prakaTa karate hue ghara-dvAra-parivAra evaM sAMsArika prapaMcoM evaM moha-mamatva kA parityAga kara zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| vi0 saM0 1306 meM unheM vidhisaMgha ke pAMcaveM paTTadhara prAcArya ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gyaa| siMhaprabhasUri apane samaya ke labdhapratiSTha mahAn vAdI the| unhoMne aneka zAstrArthoM meM vijaya prApta kara vidhi mArga (aMcalagaccha) kI pratiSThA meM ullekhanIya abhivRddhi kii| zatrujaya parvata para upalabdha vi0 saM0.1683 ke eka zilAlekha meM ukita : "prAsaMstataH sakalasUriziro'vataMsAH, siMhaprabhAbhidhasusAdhu-guNaprasiddhAH / / " / isa padya meM siMhaprabhasUri ko unake samakAlIna sabhI prAcAryoM meM mukuTa ke samAna batAyA gayA hai| inake prAcArya pada para AsIna hote hI 'vallabhI zAkhA" pUrNataH vidhipakSa meM vilIna ho gaI aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa vidhipakSa kI sarvatomukhI pragati evaM khyAti meM abhUtapUrva abhivRddhi huii| 'merutugIyA laghuzatapadI' tathA 'merutugIyA paTTAvalI' meM isa prakAra kA bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai ki itane bar3e vidvAna, mahAvAdI, prabhAvaka evaM pratApazAlI hote hue bhI siMhaprabhasUri zanaiH zanaiH zithilAcAra kI ora unmukha hote-hote antatogatvA eka prakAra se caityavAsiyoM ke samAna niyatanivAsI bana gye| merutugIyA paTTAvalI kA vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai : "krameNa 1306 samvatsare stambhatIrthe saMghena sUripadArpaNapUrvakaM zrI mahendra sUripaTTe sthApitAH / tataste yauvanAdhikArAdimadAvaliptAH saMyamaguNaM vismRtya caityavAsaM vidhAya parigrahamUcchitA'bhavan / ". yadyapi bhAvasAgarasUri taka 'zrI vIravaMzapaTTAvalI" meM zrI siMhaprabhasUri ke caityavAsI ho jAne athavA ghora zithilAcAra meM lipta ho jAne kA koI ullekha
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________________ 542 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 nahIM hai tathApi inake paTTadhara ajitasiMhasUri ke caityavAsiyoM ke samAna hI zithilAcArapUrNa prAcAra apanA lene viSayaka ullekhoM ko dekhane para yahI vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki zithilAcAra kI ora uttarottara AkRSTa hue apane guru ke padacinhoM para calakara vidhisaMgha ke chaThe AcArya ajitasiMhasUri ne zithilAcAra meM caityavAsI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ko bhI apane pIche chor3a diyA thaa| isa sambandha meM merutugIyA paTTAvalI kA eka ullekha pratyeka vijJa pAThaka ko cauMkA dene vAlA hai| vaha ullekha isa prakAra hai : "tataH krameNAdhItazAstrAste zrI ajitasiMha yatayo'pi pattane samAyAtAH tatra te'pi caityavAsaM vidhAya zrI siMhaprabha sUribhiH saha sthitAH / tatra nivAsinaH sarve'pi tantuvAyakAsteSAmatIva bhakti cakruH / tatra krameNa zrI siMhaprabhasUrINAM svargagamanAnantaraM te zrI ajitasiMha yatayaH sUripadArpaNapUrvakastaistaMtuvAyakAdizrAddhasteSAM paTTe sthApitAH / athaikadA pUrNacandrAbhidhenaikena dhanavatA tatratya tantuvAyakena teSAmupadezataH saMghasahita zrI zatrujayatIrthayAtrAkaraNArthaM manorathaH kRtaH / tatastatprArthanayA zrI ajitasiMha sUrayo'pi tena saMghena saha mahatADambareNa svarNamizritarUpyasukhapAlasthA. uparidhriyamANa suparikamitaraktakauzeyacchatrAH pArzvadvayozcAmarairvIjyamAnA agracalaiMDadharAdipaMcaviMzatisazastrasubhaTayutA zrAvakazrAvikAgaNairjayajayArAvairvardhApyamAnA sauvarNatAnaparikarmitasahasraTaMkamUlyopeta zvetottarapaTAcchAditadehAzceluH / " ajitasiMhasUri ke isa caudahavIM vikramIya zatI ke zithilAcAra meM aura vidhipakSa ke saMsthApaka rakSitasUri ke paradAdA guru vIracandrasUri ke vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI ke zithilAcAra meM kitanA sAmya hai, isa para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vijJoM ke vicArArtha vallabhI zAkhA ke navameM prAcArya somaprabhasUri (vi0 saM0 1051 meM sUripada) aura inake samakAlIna aMcalagacchIya paTTAvalIkAra ke anusAra zramaraNa bha0 mahAvIra ke paitAlIsaveM paTTadhara vIracandragariNa kA eka ullekha "aMcalagaccha digdarzana" nAmaka grantha se yahA~ yathAvatrUpeNa uddha ta kara rahe haiM : "prathaikadA te zrI vIracandrasUrayo viharato nijaparivArayutA prahlAdapure samAyAtAH / tadA vallabhI zAkhAyAH somaprabhasUrayo'pi viharato nijaparivArayutAstatraiva sametAH / zaMkhezvaragacchIyAnAM ca tatraika evopAzrayo'bhUt / tata imau dvAvapi sUrIndrau nija nija parivArayutau tatraikasminnevopAzraye sthiti cakratuH / paMcamArkaprabhAvataH parasparaM vandananimittastayo : parivAre kalaho babhUva / gacchazrAvakA api dvibhAgI bhUtAH / parasparaM spardhAM cakruH / samudrAkhyenakena zreSThinA ca zrI vIracandrasUrayastato nijavATake samAnItAH / parivArayutAzca te'pi tatra caturmAsI 1. (ka) merutugIyA (saMskRta) paTTAvalI / (kha) dekhiye aMcalagaccha digdarzana, pRSTha 137, 138 /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 543 sthitAH / tatastena bhaktimatA zreSThinA sUribhyastebhyo rUpyanirmitaH sukhapAlazchatracAmarayutaH prAbhRtIkRtaH mohAvirbhUtadRSTirAgata: sUribhirapi tatprAbhRtaM svIkRtaM / tataH samudrazrAvakoparodhataste vRddhA vIracandra sUrayastatsukhapAlasthA eva jinamaMdirAdiSu gamanaM cakruH / tatsparddhayA caikena sAmantAkhyena dhanavatA zrAvaNa somaprabhasUribhyo'pi svarNarUpyanirmitaH sukhapAlazcchatracAmarayutastathaiva prAbhRtIkRta: kAlAnubhAvataste'pi saMyamAcAraM vismRtya sukhapAlasthA eva gamanAgamanaM cakruH / evaM krameNa tayormahatorapi sUrayo parivArayatayo'pyAhArAdi zuddhimagaveSayantaH zithilAcAraM pratipedire zrAvakA api dRSTirAgamohitAH parasparaM sparddhayAdhAkarmAdidoSopapetAhArAdibhistAn pratilAbhayAmAsuH / evameka sAmAcArIyutayorapi dvayoH sUrayo parivAre cAritrazaithilyaM prakaTIbabhUva / parasparaM ca mahatI spardhA sNjaataa|"1 devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNa ke anantara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM dravya pUjA kI paramopAsikA paramparAoM ne jo vikRtiyAM utpanna kI, jo zithilAcAra prArambha kara use parAkASThA taka pahu~cAyA una vikRtiyoM aura zithilAcAra ke unmUlana hetu sAhasI zramaNottamoM ne samaya-samaya para kriyoddhAra ke mAdhyama se abhinava dharmakrAnti kA bigula bajAyA / unhIM sAhasI zramaNottamoM meM se eka zramaNottama the prAtaHsmaraNIya Arya rkssitsuuriN| unhoMne apane lakSya meM ullekhanIya siddhi bhI prApta kii| unake pazcAt unake ziSya jayasiMhasUri, praziSya dharmaghoSasUri evaM prapraziSya mahendrasUri ne unake dvArA batAye hue tyAga-tapa-aparigraha evaM virAga ke patha para agrasara hote hue vidhipakSa gaccha kI pratiSThA meM nirantara vRddhi kI / kintu krAnti ke sUtradhAra isa vidhipakSa, aMcalagaccha meM bhI rakSitasUri dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra se pUrva kI zithilAcArAbhimukhI pravRtti pUre vega ke saath| isake hI paMcama paTTadhara se punaH pallavita aura prasarita hotI hI gaI / __suvihita kahe jAne vAle adhikAMza gaccha bhI zanaiH zanaiH caityavAsI paramparA dvArA AviSkRta vikRtiyoM, vikAroM evaM zithilAcAra se bharapUra Agama virodhI patha ke pathika banane lge| isa sambandha meM 'aMcalagaccha digdarzana' meM jo bar3e hI hRdayasparzI udgAra abhivyakta kiye gaye haiM unheM avikala rUpa se taTastha vicArakoM ke lAbhArtha yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : __ "102 / caityavAsImo nAM durga monA asara thI paNa suvihita sAdhuno aprabhAvita rahI zakyA nahIM, zre aMganA aneka udAharaNo itihAsa ne pAne nauMdhAyA cha / niHzaMka rIte A badhu caityavAsiyo nA jIvana vyavahAra nu asaranoja pratyakSa phala htu| 1. aMcalagaccha digdarzana, pRSTha 130
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________________ 544 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ........evIja rIte anya suvihita gaccho mA paNa caityavAsino nA keTalAka zithilAcAro praviSTa thaI vRddhiMgata thatA jatA htaa|" suvihita kahI jAne vAlI vividha gacchIya aneka zramaNa paramparAoM para caityavAsiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra, vyavahAra, kAryakalApoM, paripATiyoM, mAnyatAoM evaM kArya praNAliyoM kA vyApaka rUpa se zanaiH zanaiH gaharA prabhAva par3atA gayA, isa tathya ke na kevala maukhika hI apitu likhita puSTa pramANa bhI Aja jaina vAGmaya meM vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiM / isa viSaya meM eka aMcalagacchIya vidvAn dvArA gahana zodha ke pazcAt prakaTa kiye gaye udgAra pratyeka satyAnveSI ke lie paThanIya, cintanIya aura mananIya haiM / ataH unheM yahAM akSarazaH uddha ta kiyA jA rahA hai / yathA : "101. caityavAsIyo zithilAcArI hatA, chatAM ema nA mAM amuka ucca guNo jaNavAyA hatA ai ApaNe joyu| ema nA ucca guNo nu anusaraNa karavA mAM saMvegI pakSo e AnAkAnI karI nathI,.e paNa noMdhanIya cha / zatapadI mAM ApaNa ne jaNAvavA mAM Ave che ke abhayadevasUri jevA samartha prAcArya paNa caityavAsIyo nI niMdA karI nathI, eTaluja nahIM, parantu caityavAsI droNAcArya pAse potA nA graMtho nu saMzodhana paNa karAvyuche / varddhamAnasUri pahelAM caityavAsI htaa| temaNe coryAsI caityo nI mAlikI choDI tyAre AgamavAda nu varcasva bdhyu| jaina nigamo mAM thI AgamavAdIyo ne grahaNa karavA yogya dhArmika saMskAro nA maMtro ne varddhamAnasUrie "prAcAra dinakara" grantha banAvI ne te mAM goThavyA temaja anya AgamavAdI prAcAryo e nigamo mAthI sAra bhAga ne grahI anya grantho racyA aivI keTalAka nI mAnyatA cha / zatrujaya rAsa nA kartA dhanezvarasUri caityavAsI hatA ema paNa kahevAya che|" yahI nahIM, jaina vAGmaya meM Aja jitane bhI pratiSThA kalpa upalabdha haiM, unake paThana-cintana evaM nididhyAsana se pratyeka pUrvAbhiniveSa-vimukta, kSIra nIra viveka buddhi, taTastha vijJa ko hastAmalakavat spaSTataH dRSTigocara ho jAtA hai ki ina pratiSThA kalpoM para caityavAsiyoM kI aisI amiTa chApa aMkita hai, jo samaya-samaya para krAntikArI kriyoddhArakoM dvArA zatAbdiyoM taka kiye gaye athaka prayAsoM ke uparAnta bhI adyAvadhi nahIM miTa pAyI hai, nahIM dhula pAI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prAcIna prabhAvaka AcArya pAdaliptasUri kI nirvANa kalikAntargata pratiSThA paddhati ko hI le liyA jAya / usameM pratiSThAcArya kI yogyatA, veSa-bhUSA, prAcAryapada para abhiSeka kI vidhi kA vidhAna karate hue likhA hai :-3 1. aMcalagaccha digdarzana, pRSTha 26 2. aMcalagaccha digdarzana, pRSTha 25, 26 3. nibandha nicaya, pRSTha 205 va 206
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 aMcalagaccha [ 545 - pratiSThAcArya kI yogyatA mUrizcAryadeza samutpannaH, kSINaprAyakarmamalazca, brahmacaryAdi guNagaNAlaMkRtaH, paMcavidhAcArayutaH, rAjAdInAmadrohakArI, zrutAdhyayana saMpannaH, tatvajJaH, bhUmi gRha vAstu lakSaNAnAM jJAtA, dIkSA karmaNi pravINaH, nipuNa: sUtrapAtAdi vijJAne, sraSTA sarvato bhadrAdimaMDalAnAm, asamaH prabhAve, Alasya varjitaH, priyaMvadaH, dInAnAtha vatsalaH, sarala svabhAvo, vA sarva guNAnvitazceti / " arthAt pratiSThAcArya AryadezajAta, laghukarmA, brahmacaryAdi guNopapeta, paMcAcAra sampanna, rAjAdi sattAdhAriyoM kA avirodhI, zrutAbhyAsI, tatvajJAnI, bhUmilakSaNa gRhavAstulakSaNAdi kA jJAtA, dIkSAkarma meM pravINa, sUtrapAtAdi ke vijJAna meM vicakSaNa, sarvatobhadrAdi cakroM kA nirmAtA, atula prabhAvavAn, Alasya vihIna, priya vaktA, dInAnAtha vatsala, sarala svabhAvI, athavA mAnavocita sarvaguNa sampanna ho|" prAcArya kI veza-bhUSA ke sambandha meM isI meM Age likhA hai ki pratiSThA ke dina : "vAsuki nirmokaladhunI pratyagravAsasIdadhAnaH karAMgUlIvinyasta kAMcanamudrikaH, prakoSThadezaniyojita kanakakaMkaNaH, tapasA vizuddha deho vedikAyAmudaGmukhamupavizya"1 (nirvANakalikA 12 / 1) arthAt bahuta mahIna, zveta aura kImatI naye do vastradhAraka, hAtha kI aMgulI meM suvarNa mudrikA aura maNibandha meM suvarNa kA kaMkaraNa dhAraNa kiye hue, upavAsa se vizuddha zarIra vAlA pratiSThAcArya vedikA para uttarAbhimukha baiThakara... uparokta mahAn guNoM se vibhUSita, kaMcana-kAminI ke tyAgI zramaNottama ke liye suvarNa mudrikA ko karAMgulI meM aura kara meM svarNa kaMkaNa dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna kevala haThAgrahI ko chor3akara anya koI vijJa zAstrAnukUla siddha nahIM kara sakatA / pratiSThA vidhi ke isa ullekha para kSIra nIra vivekapUrNa dRSTi se prakAza DAlate hue sva0 paMnyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja ne likhA hai : .......... pAdaliptasUri ne jisa mudrA kaMkaraNa paridhAna kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha tatkAlIna caityavAsiyoM kI pravRtti kA pratibimba hai / pAdalipta 1. prabandha nicaya, pRSTha 207
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________________ 546 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 sUrijI Apa (svayaM) caityavAsI the yA nahIM isa carcA meM utarane kA yaha upayukta sthala nahIM hai, parantu inhoMne prAcAryAbhiSeka vidhi meM tathA pratiSThA vidhi meM jo katipaya bAteM likhI haiM ve caityavAsiyoM kI pauSadhazAlAoM meM rahane vAle zithilAcArI sAdhuyoM kI haiM, isameM to kucha zaMkA nahIM hai / jaina siddhAnta ke sAtha ina bAtoM kA koI sambandha nahIM hai / AcAryAbhiSeka ke prasaMga meM inhoMne bhAvI prAcArya ko tailAdi vidhi pUrvaka pravidhavA striyoM dvArA varNaka ( pIThI) karane taka kA vidhAna kiyA hai / yaha saba dekhate to yahI lagatA hai. ki zrI pAdaliptasUri svayaM caityavAsI hone cAhiye / kadAcita aisA mAnane meM koI Apatti ho to na mAneM phira bhI itanA to nirvivAda hai ki pAdaliptasUri kA samaya caityavAsiyoM ke prAbalya kA thA / isase inakI pratiSThA paddhati Adi kRtiyoM para caityavAsiyoM kI aneka pravRttiyoM kI anivArya chApa hai / sAdhu ko sacitta jala puSpAdi dravyoM dvArA jinapUjA karane kA vidhAna jaise caityavAsiyoM kI AcaraNA hai usI prakAra se suvarNa mudrA, kaMkaraNa dhAraNAdi vidhAna TheTha caityavAsiyoM ke ghara kA hai, suvihitoM kA nahIM / " "zrIcandra, jinaprabha, varddhamAnasUri svayaM caityavAsI na the, phira bhI ve unake sAmrAjyakAla meM vidyamAna avazya the / inhoMne pratiSThAcArya ke liye mudrA, kaMkaraNa dhAraNa kA vidhAna likhaa| isakA kAraNa zrIcandra sUrijI Adi kI pratiSThA paddhatiyAM caityavAsiyoM kI pratiSThA vidhiyoM ke AdhAra se banI huI haiM, isa kAraNa se inameM caityavAsiyoM kI AcaraNAoM kA AnA svAbhAvika hai / uparyukta prAcAryoM ke samaya meM caityavAsiyoM ke kile TUTane lage the phira bhI ve suvihitoM dvArA sara nahIM hue the / caityavAsiyoM ke mukAbale meM hamAre suvihita AcArya bahuta kama the / unameM katipaya acche vidvAn aura granthakAra bhI the, tathApi unake granthoM kA nirmANa caityavAsiyoM ke granthoM ke AdhAra se hotA thA / pratiSThA vidhi jaise viSayoM meM to pUrva granthoM kA sahArA liye binA calatA hI nahIM thA / isa viSaya meM 'AcAra dinakara' grantha svayaM sAkSI hai / isameM jo kucha saMgraha kiyA gayA hai vaha saba caityavAsiyoM aura digambara bhaTTArakoM kA hai, varddhamAnasUri kA apanA kucha bhI nahIM hai / " " 1 caityavAsI paramparA ke prabhAva meM Ane ke pariNAmasvarUpa caityavAsI paramparA kA bhUta suvihita kahI jAne vAlI anya paramparAmroM ke sira para aisA savAra huA ki parama pavitra paMcama aMga 'bhagavatI sUtra' ke mUla pATha ko bhI caityavAsI paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ke anukUla badala kara 'pratimAdhikAra' nAmaka grantha meM ullikhita kara liyA / zrAgamoM ke, vizeSa kara, ekAdazAMgI ke pATha meM apane abhiniveza kI puSTi hetu sAmpradAyika vyAmohavazAt pada akSara hI nahIM, eka mAtrA taka kA bhI 1. prabandha nicaya, pRSTha 208 va 206
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 547 hera-phera karane vAlA vyakti aise jaghanya aparAdha kA aparAdhI mAnA gayA hai jisake bandha ke pariNAmasvarUpa use ananta-ananta kAla taka bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM bhaTakate hue ghorAtighora duHsahya dAruNa duHkhoM kA pAtra bananA par3atA hai| ___jina pratimAdhikAra' meM ullikhita usa nakalI pATha ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavatI sUtra ke dvitIya zataka ke paMcama uddezaka meM tugiyAnagarI ke zrAvakoM ke vivaraNa kA mUla pATha bhI yahAM diyA jA rahA hai, jisase ki vijJa pAThakoM ko bhalIbhAMti yaha vidita ho jAya ki caityavAsiyoM ke prabhAva meM Akara suvihita paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne jaina vAGmaya ko vikRta karane hetu kisa-kisa prakAra ke hAsyAspada prayAsa kiye haiN| bhagavatI sUtra kA pratimAdhikAra meM ullikhita vaha nakalI pATha isa prakAra hai : ___ "te NaM kAle NaM te NaM samaye NaM jAva tuginAe nagarIe bahave samaNovAsagA parivasaMti-saMkhe, sayage silappavAle, risidatte, damage, pukkhalI niviThe, suppaiThe, bhANudatte, somile, narabamme, pANaMde, kAmadevA iNo a je annattha gAme parivasaMti, ahAditA vicchinna vipula vAhaNA jAva laTThA gahiaTThA, cAuddasaTTamuddiTTa puNNamAsiNIsu paDipuNNaM posahaM pAlemANA niggaMthANaM niggaMthI NaM phAsu esaNijje NaM asaNaM paDilAbhemAraNA ceiAlaesu tisaMjhA samae caMdaNa puphpha dhUpa vatthAIhiM accaNaM kuraNamAraNA jAva jiNahare viharaMti, se teNaDheNaM goamA jo jiNa paDimaM pUei so naro sammaddiTThI jAriNayavvo, micchAdiTissa nANaM na havai / " bhagavatI sUtra kA mUla pATha isa prakAra hai : "te NaM kAle NaM te NaM samaye NaM tugiyA nAma nagarI hotthA, vaNo , tIse NaM tugiyAe nagarIe bahiyA uttarapuricchime disibhAe pupphavatie nAma ujjANe hotthA, vaNNayo, tattha NaM tugiyAe nayarIe 'bahave samaragovAsayA parivasaMti aDDhA dittA vicchiNNa vipula bhavaraNa sayapAsaNajANavAhaNA iNNA, bahudharaNa bahujAya rUvarayayA, AprogapayogasaMpauttA vicchaDDiya vipulabhattapAraNA baha dAsI dAsa gomahisagavelayappabhUyA bahajaraNassa aparibhUyA abhiga jIvAjIvA, uvaladdhapuNNapAvA pAsava saMvara nijjara kiriyAhi karaNa baMdhamokkha kusalA, asahejja devAsura nAga suvaNNa jakkha rakkhasa kiMnara kiMpurisa garula gaMdhava mahoragAiehiM devagaNehiM niggaMthApro pAvayaNApro aNatikkamaNijjA, niggaMthe pAvayaNe nissaMkiyA nikkaMkhiyA nivittigicchA, laTThA, gahiyaTTA, pucchiyaTTA, abhigayaTThA, viriNacchiyaTTA, aTThimmiMjapemmANurAgarattA, ayamAuso ! : niggaMthe pAvayaNe aThe, ayaM paramaThe, sese apaThe, UsiyaphalihA, avaMguyaduvArA ciyattaM te usagharappa
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________________ 548 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 visA, bahUhiM sIlavvaya guNaveramaNa paccakkhANa posahovavAsehiM cAuddasaTTamuddiTThapuNNamAsiNIsu paDipunnaM posahaM samma aNupAlemAraNA samaNe niggaMthe phAsuesaNijjeNaM asaNa pANa khAima sAimeNaM vattha paDiggaha kaMbala pAyapuchaNeNapIDhaphalagasejjA saMthAraeNaM prosahabhesajjeNa ya paDilAbhemAraNA ahApaDiggahiehiM tavokammehi appANaM bhAvemANA viharaMti / / 106 // " svargIya paMnyAsa zrI kalyANa vijayajI mahArAja ne pratimAdhikAra ke lekhaka dvArA diye gaye pATha ke sambandha meM apanA abhimata prakaTa karate hue likhA hai : "pratimAdhikAra ke lekhaka ne Upara jo tugiyAnagarI ke zrAvakoM kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha kahAM kA pATha hai yaha kucha nahIM likhaa| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki sUtra kA nAma dene se sUtra ke pATha ke sAtha isa pATha kA milAna karake pAThakagaNa pola khola dete / donoM pAThoM kA milAna karake pAThakagaraNa dekheM ki lekhaka ne tugiyAnagarI ke zrAvakoM ke varNana meM apane ghara kA kitanA masAlA DAlA hai / '1 isa prakAra ke pAThoM ko dekhakara isa prakAra kI AzaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki caityavAsiyoM dvArA racita nigama nAmaka sAhitya jo vartamAna kAla meM kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA, una nigamoM meM se hI caityavAsiyoM se prabhAvita suvihita kahe jAne vAle gacchoM ke vidvAnoM ne kucha aMza yA adhikAMza athavA sArAMza lekara suvihita paramparA ke katipaya granthoM kA nirmANa to kahIM nahIM kara diyaa| isI prakAra vandana prakIrNaka (vandaraNa paiNNaya), pUjA pariNaya, dharma parIkSA, vivAha cUliyA, baMga cUliyA Adi aneka granthoM ko dekhane se spaSTataH yahI pratIta hotA hai ki caityavAsiyoM ke prabhAva meM Akara hI suvihita paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne isa prakAra ke aneka naye granthoM kA praNayana saMkalana kiyaa| inameM se katipaya ne to ina atyanta arvAcona kRtiyoM ko caturdaza pUrvadhara yazobhadrasUri dvArA bhadrabAhu ke ziSya agnidatta ke samaya 22 samudAya ke Adi puruSoM kI kalpita utpatti kA varNana karavAyA hai / vikrama kI bIsavIM zatI kI pUjA payannA ko caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke nAma caDhAkara lekhaka ne purAtana prAcAryoM kA vastutaH eka prakAra se bar3A apamAna kiyA hai / isa prakAra ke kRtrima banAvaTI athavA nakalI granthoM kI sampradAya vyAmoha se racanA kara madhyayugIna vidvAnoM, prAcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM ne jaina vAMGmaya ko eka prakAra se vikRta kara satya ke upAsakoM ko jhamele meM DAla diyA, digbhramita kara diyaa| yadi samaya-samaya para jana-jana ke samakSa jainadharma ke prAgamika svarUpa ko prakAzita karane ke liye sAhasI kriyoddhArakoM ne kriyoddhAra kA abhiyAna nahIM 1. nivandha ninapa, pRSTha 114 ya 115
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________________ mAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] acalagaccha / 546 calAyA hotA to sambhavataH aAja aAgamoM meM pratipAdita jainadharma kA vizuddha svarUpa vikRtiyoM ke pracara AvaraNoM se ThIka usI prakAra prAcchanna dRSTigocara hotA jisa prakAra ki sAvana bhAdavA kI kAlI ghaTAoM meM sUrya / ina saba tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para pratyeka mumukSu vijJa sahaja hI yaha anubhava karane lagegA ki kriyoddhAra karane vAle mahApuruSoM kA jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM para asIma upakAra hai| navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke ziSya zrI jinavallabhasUri ne kharataragaccha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paMcakalyANakoM meM garbhApahAra ko bhI kalyANaka meM sammilita kara SaDkalyANaka manAne kI mAnyatA cittaur3a nagara meM pracalita kii| isa mAnyatA ko lekara jainadharma saMgha meM bar3A vivAda calA aura tapAgacchIya upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne to jinavallabhasUri ko utsUtra prarUpaka, saMghabAhya, tIrtha bAhya, Adi upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta kara diyaa| kharataragaccha bRhad gurvAvali meM ullikhita zrI jinavallabhasUri ke jIvana vatta ke paryAlocana se yaha spaSTataH vidita hotA hai ki unhoMne vikrama samvat 1167 kI aSADha sudi chaTha ke dina cittaur3a meM zrI abhayadevasUri ke paTTadhara pada para adhiSThita kiye jAne se paryApta samaya pUrva hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paTkalyANaka manAne kI paripATI pracalita kara dI thii| isa viSaya meM kevala itanA hI kahanA paryApta hogA ki jisa samaya jina vallabhasUri ne SaTkalyANaka kI prarUpaNA ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA garbhApahAra kalyANaka manAne hetu cittaur3a ke jina mandira meM jAne kA prayAsa kiyA to unheM mandira meM praviSTa taka na hone diyA gyaa| antatogatvA eka gahastha ke ghara ke UparI khaMDa meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA citrapaTTaka rakhakara jinavallabha sUri ne apane bhaktoM ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA garbhApahAra nAmaka chaThA kalyANaka manAyA / isake viparIta unheM abhayadevasUri ke paTTa para adhiSThita karane kA jo paTTa mahotsava kiyA gayA vaha cittaur3a durga kI talahaTI meM jinavallabhasUri ke upadeza se unake bhaktoM dvArA nirmApita karavAye gaye vIra vidhi caitya meM kiyA gyaa| aMcalagacchoyA paTTAvalI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara sudharmA svAmI se lekara cautIsaveM paTTadhara taka kharataragaccha, tapAgaccha, aMcalagaccha, aAdi (upakezagaccha ko chor3akara) 1.. idAnI zrI devabhadrasUribhiH zrImadabhayadevasUripaTTa zrI jinavallabha gaNinivezitaH, samvat 1167 pApAr3ha zudi 6, citrakUTe vIra vidhi caitye / -kharataragaccha vRhad gurvAvali, pRSTha 24
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________________ 550 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 prAyaH sabhI gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyoM meM krama saMkhyA evaM nAmoM meM sAdhAraNa athavA nagaNya antara ke atirikta pUrNataH sAmyatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / isase Age kI aMcalagaccha kI paTTAvali nimnalikhita rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai / yathA : 1. 35. udyotanasUri - inase bar3agaccha kA prAdurbhAva huA / 36. sarvadevasUri 37. padmadevasUri 38. udayaprabhasUri 36. prabhAnandasUri 40. dharmacandrasUri 41. vinayacandrasUri 42. guNasAgarasUri 43. vijayaprabhasUri 44. naracandrasUri 45. vIracandrasUri 46. jayasiMhasUri 47. Arya rakSitasUri ( apara nAma vijayacandrasUri ) aMcalagaccha kI sabhI paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra inhIM se vidhi pakSa, jo Age calakara aMcalagaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta huA, kI utpatti huI / 48. jayasiMhasUri - inake AcArya kAla meM vidhi pakSa ke zramaNa zramaNI parivAra meM adbhuta vRddhi huI, jo isa prakAra hai, sAdhu 2120, sAdhviyAM 1130, prAcArya 12, vAcanAcArya upAdhyAya 20, paMDita 173, mahattarA 1 aura pravRttiniyAM 82 hue / ' 49. dharmaghoSasUri 50. mahendrasUri - inhoMne tIrthamAlA, zatapadI vivaraNa aura guru guraNaSaTtriMzikA kI racanA kI / 51. siMhaprabhasUra 52. ajita siMhasUri - vikrama samvat 1316 meM AcArya pada aura 1336 meM svargavAsa | zrI vIravaMza - vidhi pakSa paTTAvalI, gAthA 103 se 105 / A
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] aMcalagaccha [ 551 53. devendrasiMhasUri 54. dharmaprabhasUri 55. siMha tilakasUri 56. mahendraprabhasUri 57. merutugasUri-inhoMne vicAra zreriNa Adi aneka granthoM kI racanAeM kii| ApakI dIkSA vikrama sambat 1418 meM, sUripada vikrama samvat 1426 meM tathA svargavAsa vikrama samvat 1473 meM huaa| 58. jayakIttisUri-aApane uttarAdhyayana TIkA, kSetra samAsa TIkA, saMgrahaNI TIkA Adi aneka granthoM kI racanA kii| 56. jaya kesarIsUri 60. siddhAnta sAgarasUri 61. bhAvasAgarasUri-pApako vikrama samvat 1560 meM prAcAryapada para prAsIna kiyA gyaa| 231 gAthAtmakA "zrI vIravaMza vidhi pakSa paTTAvali' nAmaka ApakI kRti aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3I mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| 62. guNanidhAnasUri 63. dharmamUttisUri 64. kalyANasAgarasUri 65. amarasAgarasUri 66. vidyAsAgarasUri 67. udayasAgarasUri-ApakI AjJA se aMcalagaccha kI eka paTTAvalI kI anusandhAnapUrvaka racanA kI gii| 68. kIrtisAgarasUri 66. puNyasAgarasUri 70. rAjendrasAgarasUri 71. muktisAgarasUri 72. ratnasAgarasUri 73. vivekasAgarasUri-vikrama samvat 1628 meM prAcAryapada aura 1948 meM svargavAsa / 74. jinendrasAgarasUri
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________________ 552 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 aMcalagaccha kA apara nAma acala gaccha aMcalagaccha ko katipaya zatAbdiyoM pUrva se hI 'acala gaccha' ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| vidhi pakSa apara nAma aMcalagaccha ko cAlukyarAja kumArapAla ke zAsana kAla ke antima dinoM meM acala gaccha ke nAma se bhI loka meM abhihita kiyA jAne lgaa| isa sambandha meM merutugiyA paTTAvalI meM eka bar3A hI rocaka ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / merutugiyA (saMskRta) paTTAvalI meM etad viSayaka ullekha kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai _ "aNahillapura paTTanAdhIza cAlukyarAja kumArapAla kI Ayu ke avasAna se lagabhaga eka saptAha pUrva vibhinna gacchoM ke zrAvakoM ne, jo ki cautha ke dina sAMvatsarika parva manAne ke pakSadhara the, kumArapAla ke samakSa upasthita hokara katipaya anya gacchoM ke prati IrSyAvazAt nivedana kiyA-"rAjan ! Apa svayaM aura hama saba caturthI ke dina sAMvatsarika parva manAte Aye haiM / aApake rAjya meM anyAnya gacchoM ke katipaya aise sAdhu bhI vidyamAna haiM jo paMcamI ke dina sAMvatsarika parva manAne ke pakSadhara haiN| parvAdhirAja sAMvatsarika parva Ane hI vAlA hai| Apa jaise paramArhata dharmaniSTha rAjA ke rAjya meM sAMvatsarika parva ke sambandha meM isa prakAra kA dhArmika mAnyatA bheda vastutaH zobhAspada nahIM hai|" "mahArAjA kumArapAla eka aTUTa AsthAvAn jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| use bhI parvArAdhana viSayaka matabheda anucita pratIta huaa| bhalIbhAMti soca-vicAra ke pazcAt mahArAjA kumArapAla ne tatkAla eka rAjAjJA prasArita kI ki paMcamI ke dina sAMvatsarika parva kA aArAdhana karane vAle sAdhu aAja se hI mere rAjya ke paTTanagara pATaNa meM nivAsa nahIM kara skeNge| ataH Aja hI ve pATaNa se bAhara anyatra cale jAMya / " "isa prakAra kI rAjAjJA ke prasAraNa ke prazcAt paMcamI ke dina sAMvatsarika parva kA aArAdhana karane vAle vibhinna gacchoM ke sAdhu pATaNa se vihAra kara anyatra cale gye|" "vidhipakSa (aMcalagaccha) ke mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya jayasiMhasUri bhI usa samaya pATaNa meM hI vidyamAna the| unhoMne pATaNa meM hI rahakara paMcamI ke dina sAMvatsarika parva ke ArAdhana ke uddezya se bar3I hI sUjha-bUjha se kAma liyaa| unhoMne apane eka vAkpaTu evaM vAcAla zrAvaka ko mahArAjA kumArapAla ke pAsa bhejakara yaha sandeza pahuMcAyA--"hamAre guru paMcamI ke dina hI sAMvatsarika parva kA pArAdhana karane vAle haiN| kucha hI dinoM pUrva unhoMne Avazyaka sUtra para vyAkhyAna denA prArambha kara diyA thA / vyAkhyAna
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] acalagaccha [ 553 meM ve sarva prathama namaskAra maMtra para vivecana karate haiN| ApakI AjJA prasArita huI hai ki paMcamI ko parvArAdhana karane vAle sAdhu pATaNa se vihAra kara anyatra cale jAMya / hamAre gurudeva ne Apa se hI puchavAyA hai ki ve namaskAra mantra para vivecana vivaraNa pUrNataH sampanna karane ke pazcAt pATaNa se vihAra kareM athavA namaskAra mantra ke vivaraNa-vivecana ko adhUrA chor3akara hI pATaNa se bAhara cale jAMya / " __"yaha saba kucha sunakara kumArapAla sahasA kuddha huA / kintu usI kSaNa vaha bar3I duvidhA meM phaMsa gyaa| eka ora to rAjAjJA kI paripAlanA kA prazna aura dUsarI ora mahAmantra namaskAra mantra ke anuSThAnaparaka vivecana meM bhaMga kA dharma saMkaTa / apanI isa duvidhA ke samucita samAdhAna ke liye kumArapAla apane ArAdhya gurudeva prAcArya hemacandra kI sevA meM upasthita huaa| usane rAjyAdeza evaM jayasiMhasUri ke saMdeza viSayaka vivaraNa prastuta karane ke pazcAt hemacandrasUri se nirdeza pradAna karane kI prArthanA kI ki isa prakAra kI duvidhAjanaka sthiti meM vaha kyA kare / " "bar3e dhyAna se rAjA kI bAta sunane ke pazcAt prAcArya zrI hemacandrasUri ne kahA- "rAjan ! vidhipakSa ke prAcArya jayasiMhasUri vastuta: bar3e-bar3e diggaja tulya digAkara vAdiyoM ko parAjita karane vAle jinazAsana prabhAvaka maMtra tantra Adi vidhAoM meM niSNAta udbhaTa vidvAn haiM / ataH unakA kopabhAjana bananA kisI ke liye kiMcitmAtra bhI zreyaskara nahIM hai|" "prAcArya hemacandra kI bAta sunakara mahArAjA kumArapAla tatkAla jayasiMhasUri ke pAsa upAzraya meM upasthita huaa| usane rAjAdeza sambandhI vastu sthiti rakhate huye jayasiMhasUri se kSamA yAcanA kI / jayasiMhasUri ne kumArapAla se kahA- "rAjan ! samabhAva hI sacce zramaNa kA sabase bar3A dhana hai| Apa para kuddha hone kA to prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotaa| kintu dharma kI Agamika mUla mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM Apake antara meM jo vicAra viparyAsa utpanna huA hai usase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki aba sunizicata rUpa se ApakI Ayu svalpa hI avaziSTa raha gaI hai| aisI sthiti meM aba tumheM dharma kAryoM meM vizeSa rUpa se saMlagna ho jAnA caahiye|" __ "jayasiMhasUri kI isa bhaviSyavANI ko sunakara mahArAjA kumArapAla tatkAla hemacandrAcArya kI sevA meM lauTA aura jayasiMhasUri ke sAtha huI bAtacIta kA pUrA vivaraNa kaha sunaayaa| nimitta zAstra ke vidvAn prAcArya hemacandra ne bhI jayasiMhasUri ke bhaviSya kathana para vicAra kiyA aura use akSarazaH satya paayaa| unhoMne kumArapAla se kahA-"rAjan ! jayasiMhasUri
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________________ 554 ]. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 vastutaH jyotiSa zAstra ke pArahavA vidvAn haiM / unhoMne jo kucha kahA hai vaha satya hai / aba Apako vastutaH prAtma kalyANa hetu aharniza dharma kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhiye / " "tadanantara rAjA dharmArAdhana meM saMlagna ho gayA aura isa prakAra prAtma sAdhanA karate-karate sAtaveM dina paralokavAsI bana gayA / " " isa prakAra paMcamI ke dina sAMvatsarika parvArAdhana ke pakSadhara katipaya gacchoM ke sAdhu to pATaNa se vihAra kara anyatra cale gaye / kintu vidhi pakSa ke prAcArya jayasiMhasUri grapanI pradbhuta sUjhabUjha ke bala para pATaNa meM hI cala bane rahe / isa kAraNa unake vidhi pakSa gaccha kA nAma 'acalagaccha' bhI loka meM pracalita ho gayA / " itihAsa kI kasauTI para kasane ke anantara rAjA kumArapAla kA prAcArya hemacandra se pUrva paralokavAsI honA kharA siddha nahIM hotA / yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki vikrama samvat 1226 meM hemacandrAcArya svargastha hue aura rAjA kumArapAla kA dehAvasAna unake divaMgata hone ke 6 mAha pazcAt vi0 saM0 1230 meM huA / isake atirikta isa merutu gIyA paTTAvalI ke atirikta anya kisI paTTAvalI meM acalagaccha nAmAbhidhAna viSayaka isa ghaTanA kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / kevala bhImasI mANeka guru paTTAvalI meM thor3e heraphera ke sAtha isa ghaTanA kA ullekha milatA hai / isake uparAnta bhI jaisA ki pahale kharataragaccha ke paricaya meM batAyA jA cukA hai, kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla meM paurNamika va kharatara Adi katipaya gacchoM ke AcAryoM ke pATaNa meM praveza ko rAjAjJA dvArA niSiddha kara diyA gayA thA, tadanusAra sambhava hai ki isa prakAra kI rAjAjJA ke uparAnta bhI jayasiMhasUra apane buddhi kauzala se pATaNa meM hI avasthita rahe hoM aura unake isa prakAra acala rahane ke pariNAmasvarUpa unake vidhi pakSa gaccha kA apara nAma 'acalagaccha' bhI pracalita ho gayA ho /
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________________ zrAgamikagaccha Agamika gaccha kI utpatti bhI kriyoddhAra ke liye kiye gaye eka prayAsa ke rUpa meM huI / bArahavIM zatAbdI ke anta aura terahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha kAla meM jisa samaya candra gaccha meM zithilAcAra evaM anAgamika mAnyatAoM kA prAvalya bar3ha gayA usa samaya vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya dazaka ke prArambha meM muni zrI zIla gaNasUri ne kriyoddhAra kara vidhipakSa para nAma prAgamika gaccha kI sthApanA kI / Agamika gaccha kI sthApanA karane ke pariNAmasvarUpa zrI zIlagaNasUri ko Agami gaccha kA prathama AcArya mAnA gayA hai / Agamika gaccha candrakula athavA candra gaccha kI hI eka zAkhA hai / yaha tathya Agami gaccha kI paTTAvali ke nimna zlokoM se prakaTa hotA hai / zrImadvIra jinendra paTTakamalAlaMkArahAraH sphuran, sUtrodbhUtaguNAvalI parigataH svAmI sudharmAjani / tadvaMze zatasaMkhya sUryamukuTazcandro munIndro'bhavat, yasmAd bhUriguNAH munIzvaragaraNAkIraNa jayanti kSitau |1| cAndrekule suvimale mahimAnidhAna sUrirbabhUva, bhuvizIlagaraNAbhidhAna / yo duHSamA viSama paMka nimagnamuccai, jainAgamokta vidhiratnamihodadhAra ||2|| arthAt zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara garaNadhara sudharmA svAmI kI paramparA meM mahAmuni candra hue| una candra muni se candrakula pracalita huA aura usameM aneka AcAryoM ke aneka garaNa hue jo vartamAna meM vidyamAna haiM / usI vimala candrakula meM zIlagaraNa nAmaka eka mahA mahimAzAlI AcArya hue una zIlagaraNasUri ne duSamA nAmaka paMcama AAraka ke prabhAva se zithilAcAra evaM vikRtiyoM ke daladala meM phaMse hue Agamokta vidhi mArga kA uddhAra kiyA / (1) zIlagaraNasUri : candrakula se utpanna hue Agamika gaccha ke saMsthApaka zIlagaraNasUri kA jIvana paricaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai : "bhArata ke pUrvAMcala meM kannauja nAmaka rAjya ke adhipati mahArAjA bhaTTAnika ke kumAra nAmaka eka rAjaputra thA / kumAra rAjakumAroM ke yogya lakSaNa,
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________________ 556 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sAhitya, chanda, alaMkAra, dhanurveda kI zikSA prApta kara eka samaya AkheTa ke lie jaMgala meM gayA / zikAra kI khoja meM ghUmate-ghUmate kumAra kI dRSTi eka hariNI para 'pdd'ii| usane zara sandhAna kara hariNI ko lakSya kara bANa calAyA / bANa ke prahAra se hariNI pRthvI para gira pdd'ii| hariNI garbhavatI thI aura usakA prasavakAla sannikaTa thaa| tIra ke prahAra se nIce girate hI usane eka bacce ko janma diyA aura vaha apane navajAta zizu ko chaTapaTAtA chor3akara paMcatva ko prApta ho gii| ___ dRzya bar3A hI karuNa thaa| kumAra ne dekhA ki hariNI tar3apa rahI hai / apane sadyaH prasUta zizu kI ora mugdha dRSTi se dekhatI huI aura kabhI usakI (kumAra kI) pora kAtara dRSTi se dekhatI huI aAMkhoM se azruSoM kI gaMgA yamunA pravAhita kara rahI hai / udhara usI kSaNa utpanna huA choTA sA nirIha mRga zAvaka bhI chaTapaTA rahA hai| isa hRdayadrAvaka karuNa dRzya ko dekhakara rAjakumAra kI aAMkhoM ke sammukha andherA chA gyaa| usake antarmana meM pazcAttApa kI bhISaNa jvAlAeM jala utthii| usake kaNThoM se haThAt hI hRdaya ke udgAra prasphuTita ho uThe-"dhikkAra hai mujhe jo maiMne ina do nirIha prANiyoM kI eka hI tIra meM hatyA kara dii| maiM isa ghora ati cikkaNa duSkarma ke pApa se kaise vimukta ho sakatA huuN|" isa prakAra mana hI mana isa ghora pApa kA prAyazcitta karane hetu tIrtha yAtrA kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara mlAna manA rAjakumAra gajaprAsAda meM lauTA / usane bilakhate hue apane pApa kI sArI ghaTanA apane pitA ke sammukha rakkhI / mahArAja bhaTTAnika ne kumAra ko sAntvanA dete hue tatkAla hariNI aura hariNI ke bacce kI sone kI mUrtiyAM banavAI aura brAhmaNoM ko bulavA kara kumAra ke usa pApa ke prAyazcitta svarUpa una donoM svarNa mUrtiyoM ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara vaha sonA brAhmaNoM meM bAMTa diyaa| isa prakAra ke prAyazcitta ke uparAnta bhI kumAra ke antarbhana meM kicitmAtra bhI santoSa nahIM huyA / vaha arddha rAtri meM veSa badala kara kisI ko kisI bhI prakAra kI bAta na kahakara cupacApa naMge pAMvoM rAjaprAsAda se bAhara nikala nirjana vana kI aora prasthita ho gyaa| isa prakAra vaha kaI dinoM taka niruddezya nirantara calatA hI rahA / eka dina vaha rAjakumAra sthalavatI bhUbhAga ke 'koDama gharTaka' nAmaka nagara meM pahuMcA / vahAM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mandira meM bhagavAn kI stuti karate hue eka zrAvaka ko usane dekhA / rAjakumAra ne usa dhAvaka se usake dvArA bolI gaI stuti kA artha puuchaa| jaba vaha zrAvaka kumAra ko usa stuti kA bhalI-bhAMti artha na samajhA sakA to usane kahA-"hamAre guru deva bar3e vidvAn haiN| ve yahIM pAsa meM haiN| ve Apako isakA artha acchI taraha se samajhA deMge / yadi ApakI icchA ho to unake pAsa caliye / " kumAra usa zrAvaka ke sAtha ho liyA aura siddha siMha nAmaka prAcArya ke pAsa pahuMcA / prAcArya ko namaskAra karane ke anantara kumAra ne usa stuti kA unase artha pUchA / kumAra kI saumya prAkRti se prAcArya siddha siMha ne tatkAla samajha liyA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] . Agamikagaccha [ 557 ki yaha koI puNyazAlI bhavya prANI hai| prAcAryazrI ne usa stuti kA artha samajhAne ke pazcAt kumAra ko sacce dharma kA upadeza diyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko stuti kA artha evaM dharmopadeza ko sunakara rAjakumAra ko pratibodha prApta huA aura unake pAsa zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita ho gayA / dIkSita hone ke pazcAt kumAra ne bar3I hI niSThA aura lagana ke sAtha apane prAcAryadeva ke pAsa AgamoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| muni kumAra bar3A hI kuzAgra buddhi evaM adhyavasAyI thaa| usane prAgamoM ke adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha aneka vidyAoM meM svalpa kAla meM hI pArINatA prApta kI aura usakI gaNanA ucca koTi ke AgamajJa vidvAnoM meM kI jAne lgii| __ eka dina kumAra muni ne apane guru siddhasiMhasUri kI sevA meM upasthita ho ati vinamra zabdoM meM jijJAsApUrNa nivedana kiyA :- "bhagavan ! sarvajJa praNota AgamoM meM jo zramaNAcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai usake anurUpa Aja zramaNa varga meM nirdoSa vizuddha zramaNAcAra dRSTigocara nahIM hotA isakA kyA kAraNa hai ?" apane zuddha evaM saralamanA AtmArthI tathA udbhaTa vidvAn ziSya ke mukha se isa prakAra ke prazna ko sunakara prAcArya zrI siddhasiMha sahasA cauMka utthe| tadanantara prakRtastha ho unhoMne kahA- "vatsa ! duHSamA kAla ke prabhAva se sAmprata kAla meM jisa prakAra kA zramaraNAcAra pUrva kI paTTa paramparA se calA A rahA hai usI prakAra ke zramaNAcAra kA pAlana kiyA jA rahA hai| Agama meM jisa prakAra kI kriyA kA zramaNa ke liye ullekha hai usa prakAra kI kriyA kA pAlana vartamAna kAla meM nahIM hotaa|" kumAra muni ne prazna kiyA :-"prAcAryadeva ! jaba Aja ke samaya meM zAstra sammata vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA evaM sAdhu ke liye paramAvazyaka nirdoSa niraticAra kriyAoM kA pAlana sAdhuoM dvArA nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai to isa prakAra kI zithila aura sadoSa sAdhukriyAoM kA pAlana karane vAle zramaNa ArAdhaka haiM athavA virAdhaka ?" AcAryazrI siddhasiMha ne kahA :- "vatsa ! vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki jo zramaNa-zramaraNI varga pAgamokta kriyA karane vAle aura niraticAra saMyama kA pAlana karane vAle haiM ve ArAdhaka haiM aura isake viparIta jo AgamoM meM pratipAdita vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana nahIM karate, "savvaM sAvajjaM jogaM paccavakhAmi jAvajjIvAe tivihaM tiviheNaM'- isa prakAra kI pratijJA siddha arihanta Adi paMca parameSThi evaM caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa karake bhI pAgama vacana kI avahelanA kara apane zramaNa jIvana meM aticAra lagAte haiM, ve vastutaH virAdhaka hI haiN|" apane prAcArya deva ke mukha se ArAdhaka aura virAdhaka kI pAgama pratipAdita vyAkhyA sunakara kumAra muni ne unheM sAMjali zIza jhukAte hue vandana kiyA
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________________ 558 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-4 aura ati vinamra zabdoM meM apane Antarika udgAra abhivyakta karate hue kahA :"bhagavan ! maiM pAgama pratipAdita vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA niraticAra pAlana karate hue zAsana nAyaka ke pArAdhaka zramaNa rUpa meM apanA jIvana vyatIta karanA cAhatA huuN| Apa mujhe aAjJA ke sAtha AzIrvAda dIjiye ki maiM aArAdhaka ke rUpa meM apane jIvana ko saphala banAne meM sakSama ho skuu|" __ AcAryazrI siddhasiMha ne muni kumAra ko usakI icchA ke anurUpa prAjJA pradAna karate hue kahA :-"vatsa ! tuma eka saphala ArAdhaka ke rUpa meM apanA jIvana vyatIta karate hue Agama pratipAdita zramaNa maryAdAoM kI puna: pratiSThApanA kro|" apane guru kI AjJA prApta kara kumAra muni ne aDasaTha akSaroM vAle mantra kI ArAdhanA, jIyabhayANaM taka zakrastava kA pATha, tIna stuti pUrvaka devavandana, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, paryuSaNa parva, Agamokta pramANa se karane, zrAvaka sAmAyika karate samaya IryA pathika kA prathama uccAraNa kare ityAdi pratijJAeM kara zreriNa, pratara, varga, mahAbhadra, sarvatobhadra Adi jo Agamokta vidhAna haiM, unake anurUpa AcaraNa evaM upadeza karane kI pratijJA kara apane guru ke upAzraya se vihAra kiyaa| ve apratihata vihAra karate hue svayaM vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane lge| unhoMne vihAra krama se sthAna-sthAna para ghUma kara Agamokta vidhi se upadeza dete hue jina zAsana kA pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| unhIM dinoM pUNimA gaccha ke prAcArya zrI devabhadrasUri ke upadeza se yazodeva nAmaka eka bhavya prANI pratibuddha huaa| usane mAtA-pitA kI AjJA prApta kara samvat 1166 meM devabhadrasUri ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| apane guru ke pAsa zAstroM ke adhyayana pUrvaka sabhI vidyAoM meM yazodeva muni ne niSNAtatA prApta kii| zAstroM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kara lene para muni yazodeva ne bhI apane guru devabhadrasUri se kumAra muni kI hI bhAMti prazna kiyA :-"bhagavan ! Aja sarvatra Agama ke viparIta AcaraNa kyoM ho rahA hai ?" uttara meM devabhadrasUri ne kahA :-"vatsa ! kAla prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa isa prakAra ke AcaraNa karane vAloM kA bAhulya hone se hI zramaNAcAra meM zaithilya kA prAcurya hai / isa samaya prAgamokta vidhi se zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karanA kaThina hai|" apane guru kI isa prakAra kI bAta sunakara yazodeva muni ne bhI eka sacce ArAdhaka ke rUpa meM prAgamokta vidhi se apane jIvana ko saphala karane kA nizcaya kara liyA aura vikrama samvat 1212 meM apane guru se prAcArya pada prApta kara pRthakazaH vicaraNa karanA prArambha kara diyaa| prAcArya yazodeva ne vikrama samvat 1214 meM Agama pakSa kI sthApanA kii| isa prakAra Agamika pakSa kA pracAra 1. Agamika gaccha paTTAvalI, zloka saMkhyA 2
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] Agamikagaccha i 556 prasAra karate hue AcArya yazodeva sthAna-sthAna para bhavyoM ko prAgamika mArga para zrArUr3ha karane lage / eka dina eka sthAna para kumAra riNa se unakA milana huA / kumAragari aura yazodeva ke bIca Agamokta vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sambandha meM paraspara sauhArdapUrNa vArtAlApa huA / zrAcArya yazodeva kumAragariNa ke tapopUta jIvana aura AgamoM ke talasparzI jJAna se bar3e hI prabhAvita hue / kumAra riNa AcArya yazodeva se zramaNa paryAya meM zreSTha the / ataH unhoMne kumAra riNa ko prAcAryapada para adhiSThita kiyA aura unakA nAma zIlagaraNasUri rakkhA / tadanantara zIlagaNasUri aura yazodeva donoM sAtha-sAtha vicaraNa karate hue aneka bhavyoM ko Agama vidhi meM sthApita kara Agamika pakSa kI abhivRddhi karane lage / isake bAda isa paTTAvalI meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka dina zIlagaNasUri aura yazodeva vicaraNa karate hue aNahillapura paTTaraNa meM pahuMce / ' ve vahAM bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke prAsAda meM deva vandana hetu gaye / usa samaya usa mandira meM hemacandrasUri ke sAtha mahArAja kumArapAla bhI Aye hue the / mahArAja kumArapAla ne zIlagaraNasUri aura yazodeva gari ko tIna stuti se deva vandana karate dekha kara prAcArya zrI hemacandra se sAzcarya prazna kiyA- prabho ! yaha kisa prakAra kI deva vandanA hai ? kyA yaha vidhipUrvaka hai ?" isa para hemacandrasUri ne uttara diyA - "rAjan ! yaha prAgamika vidhi hai arthAt Agama sammata vidhi hai / " usI samaya se zIlagaraNasUri aura yazodeva gariNa ke vidhi pakSa kI khyAti loka meM Agamika pakSa ke rUpa meM pracalita ho gii| isa ghaTanA se prakaTa hotA hai ki kumArapAla bhUpAla ke samakSa hemacandrasUri dvArA zIlagaraNasUri kI vandana vidhi ko zramika vidhi batAye jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa inake gaccha kI khyAti prAgamika gaccha ke nAma se huI / zIlagaraNasUri ne apane jIvanakAla meM prAgamika pakSa kA deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vicaraNa kara pracAra-prasAra kiyA aura cirakAla taka vizuddha saMyama kA pAlana kara ve samAdhipUrvaka svargastha hue / yahAM eka bAta vicAraNIya hai-- - isa paTTAvalI meM yazodevasUri dvArA samvat 1214 meM Agama pakSa kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai aura yaha bhI ullekha hai ki jisa Agamika gaccha kI paTTAvalI meM zIlagaraNasUri aura yazodeva ke sthAna para devabhadra kA nAmollekha hai, para yaha lipika kI galatI ho sakatI hai kyoMki devabhadra pUrNimAgaccha ke AcArya the /
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________________ 560 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 samaya aNahillapura paTTaNa nagara meM sthita bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke mandira meM prAcArya zrI hemacandra aura paramArhata mahArAja kumArapAla deva vandana ke liye Aye hue the usI samaya zIlagaNasUri aura yazodeva bhI vandana karane ke liye phuNce| una donoM ne tIna stuti se deva vandana kiyaa| isa para mahArAja kumArapAla ne hemacandrasUri se prazna kiyA ki vandana kI yaha kauna-sI vidhi hai| isa para AcAryazrI hemacandra ne kumArapAla se kahA ki yaha jo deva vandana kiyA jA rahA hai yaha Agamika vidhi se kiyA jA rahA hai / hemacandrasUri ke mukha se Agamika vidhi kA deva vandana hai yaha sunane ke pazcAt usI dina se zIlagaNasUri ke gaccha ko loga Agamika gaccha ke nAma se. abhihita karane lge| isake viparIta anyAnya sabhI paTTAvaliyoM meM aneka sthAnoM para isa prakAra kA ullekha hai ki Agamika gaccha kI sthApanA vikrama samvat 1250 meM huii| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM yadi mahArAja kumArapAla aura AcArya hemacandra ke pArasparika praznottara se zIlagaNasUri ke gaccha kA nAma Agamika gaccha par3A ho to usa dazA meM anya gacchIya vibhinna paTTAvaliyoM ke ullekha kI asaMgatatA svataH hI siddha ho jAtI hai kyoMki prAcAryazrI hemacandrasUri kA svargArohaNa vikrama samvat 1226 meM aura paramArhata kumArapAla kA dehAvasAna vikrama samvat 1230 meM hI ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM prAgamika gaccha kI sthApanA vikrama samvat 1214 meM huI athavA usake pazcAt vikrama samvat 1250 meM yaha prazna bhI agretara zodha kA viSaya bana jAtA hai| AzA hai isa para zodhArthI vidvAn agretara khoja kara pramANa purassara prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kreNge| ___ isa paTTAvalI ke ullekha ke sambandha meM dUsarI vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki isameM devabhadrasUri kA ullekha karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki eka dina jisa samaya hemacandrasUri aura paramArhata kumArapAla pattana nagarastha bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke mandira meM devavandana ke liye Aye hue the usa samaya devabhadrasUri bhI usI mandira meM deva vandana ke liye pahuMce aura unhoMne tIna stutipUrvaka bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA vandana kiyA / kumArapAla dvArA hemacandrasUri se yaha prazna kiye jAne para ki ye (devabhadrasUri) vandana kara rahe haiM yaha kisa prakAra kA devavandana hai, hemacandrasUri ne uttara meM kahA-"yaha vandana Agamika vidhi se kiyA jA rahA hai|" basa usI dina se isa gaccha kA nAma loka meM Agamika gaccha ke nAma se prakhyAta ho gyaa| isa sambandha meM jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai kisI lipika dvArA truTi ho gaI hai aura sambhavataH usane zIlagaNasUri athavA yazodeva ke nAma ke sthAna para devabhadrasUri kA nAmollekha kara diyA hai| isa sambandha meM yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki zIlagaNasUri ke pazcAt
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] prAgamikagaccha unake ziSya prAgamika gaccha ke dUsare prAcArya devabhadrasUri hue / sambhavataH unhIM devabhadrasUri kA ullekha yahAM kiyA gayA ho aura isa prakAra kI sthiti meM paTTAvalIkAra ne jo devabhadrasUri kA deva vandana ke sambandha meM ullekha kiyA hai ve sambhava hai zIlagaNasUri ke paTTadhara Agamika pakSa ke dvitIya AcArya devabhadrasUri hoN| kintu isa sambandha meM Thosa pramANa ke abhAva meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki paTTAvalI meM zIlagaNasUri ke svargArohaNa kA aura unake paTTadhara deva bhadrasUri ke prAcAryapada para AsIna hone kA samaya ullikhita nahIM hai| __ zIlagaNasUri ke svargArohaNa ke anantara Agamika gaccha ke dUsare AcArya zrI devabhadrasUri hue| 2. zrI devabhadrasUri :-Agamika gaccha ke dvitIya prAcArya devabhadrasUri ke sambandha meM prAgamika gaccha kI isa paTTAvalI meM nimnalikhita ullekha hai : zrI Agamokta vidhivartmani durgame'tra, yasyaikakasya calato'jani yaH shaayii| sArAgamArtha vidhivat ghaTanApaTIyAn, zrI devabhadragururabhyudayAya tasmAt / / 3 / / arthAt sarvajJapraNIta AgamoM meM pratipAdita vidhimArga ke patha para calane meM zIlagaNasUri ke jo prabala sahAyaka hue ve sakala AgamoM ke marma ke jJAtA aura vidhi mArga ko saMsAra ke samakSa prakaTa karane meM atIva nipuNa devabhadrasUri isa Agamika gaccha ke dvitIya prAcArya hue| prAgamika gaccha ke ina dvitIya prAcArya devabhadrasUri ke jIvana ke viSaya meM na to paTTAvalI meM hI aura na anyatra hI isase adhika paricaya upalabdha hotA hai ki ve vidhi mArga athavA grAgamika gaccha ke dvitIya prAcArya the| isI kAraNa inake gRhastha paryAya, muni paryAya, prAcAryapada paryAya evaM svargArohaNa kAla ke sambandha meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isa zloka ke tRtIya caraNa meM inheM sakala AgamoM kA marmajJa aura vidhimArga kA pracAra karane meM parama niSNAta batAyA hai| isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve apane samaya ke pramukha vidvAn evaM jinazAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya the / devabhadrasUri ke svargAroharaNa ke pazcAt Agamika gaccha ke tIsare AcArya dharmaghoSasUri hue| 3. zrI dharmaghoSasUri :-Agamika gaccha ke tRtIya paTTadhara dharmaghoSasUri ke sambandha meM prAgamika gacchIyA paTTAvalI meM nimnalikhita ullekha hai : tataH zrutAmbhonidhizItabhAnu gobhivibhindan nitarAM tamAMsi /
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________________ 562 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 nirastadopa kRtapuNyapoSa, zrI dharmaghoSa svagaNaM pupoSa // 4 / / / arthAt Agama rUpI athAha samudra ko apanI candramA ke samAna amRta varSiNI zItala kiraNoM dvArA uttAla taraMgoM se taraMgita kara dene vAle, Agamika rahasyoM se prota-prota apanI tatvaprakAzinI vANI se jana-jana ke antarmana meM ghara kiye ajJAnAndhakAra ko chinna-bhinna kara unake pApa-puja ko prakSAlita kara dene vAle, evaM cAroM ora puNya hI puNya kA dharAtala para prasAra evaM poSaNa karane vAle prAcAryazrI dharmaghoSa ne Agamika gaccha ke tRtIya paTTadhara prAcArya ke rUpa meM apane prAgamika gaccha ko jana-jana ke lie anukaraNIya evaM lokapriya banA diyaa| AcAryazrI dharmaghoSasUri ekadA prAMtaraulli nAmaka grAma meM rAtri ke samaya jaba upAzraya meM soye hue the usa samaya eka kAle viSadhara ne unheM Dasa liyaa| sarpa viSa ko bar3I tIvra gati se apane zarIra meM vyApta hote dekha dharmaghoSasUri ne sUri mantra kA jApa kiyA / sUri mantra ke jApa se viSa kA Avega tatkAla avaruddha ho gayA / sUryodaya hote hI darzanArtha Aye hue zraddhAlu zrAvakoM ko jaba yaha vidita huA ki kAle sarpa ne kATa liyA hai to ve tatkAla daur3e hue devI ke maTha meM gaye aura maThapati se prArthanA karane lage ki ve zIghratApUrvaka cala kara unake guru dharmaghoSa sUri ke sarpaviSa kA nivAraNa kreN| maThapati ne zrAvakoM se kahA :-"yadi tumhe apane guru ko sarpa ke viSa se vimukta karanA hai to unheM tuma mere yahAM maTha meM le aayo| maiM vahAM nahIM cluuNgaa|" zrAvaka hatAza ho dharmaghoSasUri ke pAsa Aye / idhara zrAvakoM kA AnA huA aura udhara devabhadrasUri vihArakrama se vicaraNa karate hue vahAM pahuMce / cintAmagna zrAvakoM ke mukha se jaba unheM yaha jJAta huA ki rAtri meM dharmaghoSasUri ko kAle sarpa ne Dasa liyA hai to devabhadrasUri ne tatkAla dharmaghoSasUri ke zarIra ke viSa ko nikAla dUra kiyA / ghora tapasvI devabhadrasUri ke kara-sparza mAtra se dharmaghoSasUri pUrNataH niviSa evaM svastha ho gye| dharmaghoSasUri ne apane prAcAryakAla meM jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA ke sAtha-sAtha prAgamikagaccha ko eka sazakta dharmasaMgha kA svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| 4. yazobhadrasUri :-AcAryazrI dharmaghoSasUri ke svargastha hone para zrI yazobhadrasUri Agamikagaccha ke caturtha paTTadhara ke rUpa meM prAcAryapada para pratiSThita kiye gye| unake sambandha meM paTTAvalIkAra ne nimnalikhita zloka ke mAdhyama se unakA paricaya diyA hai| tasmAdyazorAzivibhAsitAzaH, __zrImAn yazobhadramunIndurAsIt / ratnatrayI mUttimatIvasamyag, sUritrayIyasyababhUva paTTe / / 5 / /
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________________ mAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] Agamikagaccha [ 563 arthAt prAcAryazrI dharmaghoSa ke divaMgata hone ke anantara unake paTTa para yazobhadrasUri ko pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| ve mahAn yazasvI aura Agamikagaccha ko samunnata evaM sazakta banAne vAle prAcArya siddha hue| anukrama se unhoMne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra rUpI ratnatrayI ke mUrta svarUpa tIna prAcAryoM ko apane paTTa para manonIta kiyaa| . 5. sarvAnandasUri : abhayadevasUri evaM vajrasenasari :---prAcAryazrI yazobhadrasari ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt unake paTTa para jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke mUrta svarUpa tIna zramaNottamoM ko eka sAtha abhiSikta kiyA gayA, jinake nAma haiM sarvAnandasUri, abhayadevasUri aura vajrasenasUri / paTTAvalIkAra ne nimnalikhita tIna zlokoM meM ina tInoM prAcAryoM kA paricaya diyA hai : prAdyastatra procyadAnandakanda, ___ zrImAn sarvAnandasUrivireje / yaH sArvIyaM vAkyasarvasvamuA ___mAjJArUpaM sarvadA vizrukAram / / 6 / / tadanu manujadaivairvandyapAdAravindo, vidalita kumataughazcArucAritrapAtram / sugururabhayadevo gItamAkAradhArI, guNagaNamariNakhAni sattapA brahmacArI / / 7 / / zrI vajrasenasUristArtIyIkarastata striratnADhyaH / zrI siddhAntavicAraM, nikaSA nikaSAyitaM yena // 8 // arthAt yazobhadrasUri ke paTTa para jo eka sAtha tIna prAcArya AsIna hue unameM se pahale kA nAma sarvAnandasUri thA / saccidAnanda ghana svarUpa prabhu ke cintana meM lIna ve sadA Anandamagna rahate the| unake mukha kamala ke darzana mAtra se hI darzaka grAnanda-vibhora ho uThatA thaa| ve apane samaya meM 'vacanasiddha' prAcArya ke rUpa meM sarvatra vikhyAta hue| dusare prAcArya kA nAma thA 'abhydev'| ve nara, narendra, devAdi dvArA vandita, samasta pApa puja ke vinAza meM aharniza nirata parama kriyAniSTha AcArya the| ve sabhI guNoM kI khAna, tapasvI aura ghora brahmacArI the| tIsare prAcArya kA nAma thA 'vajrasenasUri' / ve ratnatrayI kI samRddhi se samRddha the| unakA prAgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna sadA hI kasauTI para kharA utaratA thaa| paTTAvalIkAra ne abhayadevasUri ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki vihAra-krama se ve eka dina ArAsana nagara meM gaye / Apane usa kSetra kI adhiSThAtrI ambA devI ko
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________________ 564 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pratibodha dekara usase jIvahiMsA kA tyAga krvaayaa| devI prAcAryazrI ke upadeza se atIva santuSTa huI aura usane pRthvItala meM chipe par3e svarNa tathA rajata ke bhaNDAra unheM batAte hue prArthanA kI :--"mahAtman ! aApa yaha saba svIkAra kIjiye / " prAcAryazrI ne unheM asvIkAra karate hue kahA :- "devI ! hama paMca mahAvratadhArI nirgrantha zramaNa haiN| hameM sone aura cAMdI se koI moha nahIM hai aura na hameM inakI AvazyakatA hI hai| tumheM jo yaha svarNa aura rajata dRSTi gocara ho rahA hai vaha saba hamAre liye miTTI ke Dhele ke samAna hai| sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA kA tyAga kara tuma ahiMsaka to bana hI cukI ho, hAM, mujhe isa bAta se bar3I prasannatA hogI yadi tuma aba sacce deva, guru aura dharma meM zraddhA rakhane vAlI samyagdRSTi devI bana jaayo|" - AcAryazrI abhayadevasUri kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara vaha jainadharma ke prati zraddhA rakhane vAlI samyagdRSTi devI bana gii| 6. zrI jinacandrasUri :---uparilikhita tIna prAcAryoM ke dIrgha kAlIna AcAryakAla ke pazcAt Agamikagaccha ke cha8 paTTadhara AcArya jinacandrasUri hue| AcAryazrI jinacandra kA paricaya dete hue paTTAvalIkAra ne likhA hai : zrI sarvAnandaguruNAM, paTTAMbarabhUSaNo nabhoratnam / SaTatarke sArvabhomastato'bhavat sUri jinacandraH / / 6 / / arthAt-Agamikagaccha ke paTTakrama meM sarvAnandasUri ke pazcAt sUrya ke samAna tejasvI tArkika cakravartI SaDbhASA kavi sArvabhauma vAgmIndra zrI jinacandrasUri prAcArya hue| Apako aneka rAjAroM mahArAjAoM ne sanmAna diyaa| Agamika gaccha kI paTTAvalI ke anusAra eka samaya guhilavADa rAjya kI rAjadhAnI loliyANaka nagara ke 1220 bIsA zrImAlI zrAvakoM ne apane zrIsaMgha kI ora se jinacandrasUri ke samakSa aAgrahabharI vinatI kI ki ve loliyANaka nagara meM cAturmAsAvAsa kreN| saMgha kI vinatI ko svIkAra kara prAcAryazrI ne loliyANaka nagara meM cAturmAsa kiyA aura vahA~ para ve nemi caritra para vyAkhyAna dene lge| bhagavAn zrI neminAtha ke caritra para vyAkhyAna karate samaya eka dina zrIkRSNa evaM jarAsaMgha ke yuddha kA prasaMga pAyA usa prasaMga meM prAcAryazrI jinacandrasUri ne jaba vIra rasa kA apanI projasvI bhASA meM varNana kiyA to vahA~ zrotAgaNa meM upasthita guhilavADa ke mokharA nAmaka rAjA ne apane eka sau subhaToM ke sAtha naMgI talavAreM hAtha meM lie vIrarasa se ota-prota ho 'mAro-mAro' ke ghoSa karanA prArambha kiyaa| isa yuddha jaise dRzya ko dekhakara pariSad bhaya-vihvala ho uThI / yaha saba kucha vIra rasa ke samucita rUpeNa varNana kA hI pratiphala hai yaha samajhate hue prAcAryazrI jinacandra ne zAntarasa se prota-prota upadeza denA prArambha kiyaa| prAcAryazrI ke zAntarasa pUrNa
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] prAgamikagaccha [ 565 vyAkhyAna ko suna kara rAjA mokharA aura usake sainika zAnta ho apanI-apanI talavAroM ko myAna meM rakha zAnta mudrA meM punaH apane sthAna para baiTha gaye aura AcAryazrI kA vyAkhyAna dattacitta ho sunane lge| zAntarasa ke varNana ke anantara AcAryazrI ne karuNa rasa se ota-prota upadeza denA prArambha kiyaa| AcAryazrI kI karuNA rasa se sikta vANI ko sunakara vaha guhilapati mokharA upasthita zrAvakoM ke sAtha karuNArdra ho ro par3A / tadanantara vyAkhyAna meM prasaMga Ane para AcAryazrI ne . hAsya rasa bhare kathAnaka para pravacana denA prArambha kiyaa| AcAryazrI kI vyAkhyAna zailI meM aisA camatkAra thA ki hAsyarasa se ota-prota usa kathAnaka ko sunakara sabhI zrotAgaraNa ha~sate-ha~sate loTa-poTa ho gye| AcAryazrI jinacandra kI isa prakAra kI camatkArapUrNa vyAkhyAna zailI para mugdha hokara guhalapati mokharA ne unakI vANI ko 'nava rasAvatAra taraMgiNI' ke viruda . se vibhUSita kiyaa| mahArAjA mokharA AcAryazrI kI vidvattA, unake tapopUta jIvana, evaM unakI vyAkhyAna zailI para aisA mugdha huA ki pratidina vyAkhyAna ke samaya sabase pahale Akara prAcAryazrI ke paTTa ke pAsa, paTTa kI ora muMha kiye baiTha jaataa| vaha prArambha se lekara anta taka AcAryazrI ke vyAkhyAna ko bar3I utkaNThA ke sAtha suntaa| ___ sambhavataH jaMghAbala ke kSINa ho jAne ke kAraNa AcAryazrI jinacandrasUri lambe samaya taka loliyANaka nagara meM rahe / una para sarasvatI kI pUrNa kRpA thii| ataH darzanArthiyoM kA unake yahA~ tAMtA-sA lagA rhtaa| rAjA aura prajA sabhI unake prati asIma AdarabhAva rakhate the| eka samaya usa nagara meM dAmodara nAmaka eka paNDita anya ATha yAjJika paNDitoM ko sAtha lekara aayaa| usane loliyANaka nagara meM vAjapeyI yajJa kA Ayojana kiyA jisameM ki eka lAkha rajata mudrAoM ke lagabhaga dravya ke vyaya kA anumAna lagAyA gayA thaa| yajJa ke lie aneka prakAra kI bahumUlya sAmagrI ke sAthasAtha vAjapeyI yajJa meM bali car3hAne ke lie 32 bakaroM ko bhI yajJa-sthala para lAyA gayA / vAjapeyI yajJa meM bakaroM kI bali dI jAyegI isa saMvAda ke phailate hI ahiMsA premI prajA meM eka halacala sI paidA ho gaI / pUrNimA pakSa ke zrI kanakAcArya ne apane ziSya samUha ke sAtha prAcAryazrI jinacandrasUri kI sevA meM upasthita ho nivedana kiyA :-"prAcAryapravara ! Apa jaise tArkika ziromaNi vAdI cakravartI parama pUjya mahApuruSa kI vidyamAnatA meM yAjJika nirIha pazuoM kA vadha kara havana kareM isase bar3I duHkha kI bAta aura kyA ho sakatI hai ?" kanakAcArya kI bAta ko sunate hI unhoMne apane katipaya ziSyoM ke sAtha kanakAcArya ko yajJa ke maNDapa meM bhejA aura dAmodara paNDita ko yaha sandeza
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________________ 566 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 kahalavAyA ki vaha vAjapeyI yajJa meM nirdoSa bakaroM kI bali nacar3hAve / yAjJika paNDita dAmodara isa para bhI jaba apane nizcaya se na DigA to AcAryazrI ne rAjA ke samakSa nivedana karake yaha rAjAjJA prasArita karavAI ki yAjJikoM aura AcAryazrI jinadattasUri ke bIca yajJa meM pazuoM kI bali ko lekara zAstrArtha ho / zAstrArtha meM jo pakSa vijayI hogA usI kI icchAnusAra yajJa meM pazuoM ke homane na homane ke sambandha meM nirNaya kiyA jAyagA / rAjAjJA se tatkAla yajJa banda kara diyA gayA aura nizcita samaya para guhilarAja mokharA kI rAjyasabhA meM donoM pakSoM ke bIca zAstrArtha prArambha huA / zAstrArtha ke samaya rAjasabhA meM svayaM guhilarAja apane samAsadoM ke sAtha pUre samaya vidyamAna rahatA / zAstrArtha ko sunane ke lie darzakoM evaM zrotAoM ke samUha cAroM ora se umar3a par3e / nirantara aThAraha dinoM taka vaha zAstrArtha claa| aThArahaveM dina zAstrArtha ke niyata samaya ke samApta hone ke pUrva hI prAcAryazrI jinacandrasUri ne paNDita dAmodara aura usake AThoM sAthI paNDitoM ko zAstrArtha meM niruttara kara parAjita kara diyA / rAjA ne zAstrArtha kA nirNaya sunAte hue AcAryazrI jinacandra ko jayapatra diyA / jayapatra dene ke sAtha-sAtha battIsoM bakaroM ko abhayadAna pradAna kiyA / kanakAcArya ne usI samaya rAjasabhA meM khar3e hokara AcAryazrI jinacandrasUri kI nimnalikhita rUpa se stuti kI : sAhitye suhitaH pade pariNatAbhyAsaH pramAyAM paTuniSNAto gaNitAgameSvapi bhRzaM siddhAntazuddhAntaraH / chaMdobheda vizAradaH kavikulAkelI gRhaM sadyazaH, zrI sUri jinacandra eva jayatAt bhUbhRtsabhAbhUSaNam ||10|| arthAt sAhitya nirmANa ke kSetra meM sadA sAdhikAra rUpa se tatpara evaM pUrNarUperaNa abhyasta, zAstrArtha meM sadA vijayI rahane vAle, gariNata prAgama aura sabhI darzanoM ke siddhAntoM ke pAradRzvA prakANDa paNDita, chanda zAstra ke marmajJa, kavicakravartI evaM rAjAoM kI rAjasabhAoM ke bhUSaraNa, mahAn yazasvI sUrivara jinacandra sadA-sarvatra jayavanta raheM / isa prakAra prAgamika gaccha ke chaThe prAcAryazrI jinacandrasUri ne apane AcAryakAla meM jina zAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kI / 7. vijayasiMhasUri : AcArya zrI jinacandra sUri ke svargArohaNa ke anantara unake paTTa para vijayasiMhasUri AsIna hue / ve AgamoM ke marmajJa vidvAna the / 8. prabhasaMhasUra - AcAryazrI vijayasiMhasUri ke pazcAt zrI abhayasiMha AcAryapada para AsIna hue / 6. zrI zramasiMhasUri : zrI abhayasiMhasUri ke svargastha hone ke anantara unake paTTa para zrI amarasiMhasUri hue /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 Agamikagaccha [ 567 ina tInoM AcAryoM ke sambandha meM paTTAvalIkAra ne nimnalikhita do zlokoM meM inakA nAmamAtra kA paricaya diyA hai arthAt zrI jinacandrasUri ke paTTa para vijayasiMhasUri AsIna hue, jo bar3e hI vikhyAta evaM Agama marmajJa the / unake pazcAt abhayasiMhasUri unake paTTa para AsIna hue| ve bar3e vAda niSNAta the aura sadA zAstrArtha meM vijayI rahe / amarasiMha sUri ke svargastha hone ke anantara unake paTTa para abhayasiMhasUri virAjamAna hue| ye zrAgamikagaccha ke mukhya prabhAvaka prAcArya hue / isa samaya unake kRpAkAMkSI amarasiMhasUri haiM / --- tatpade vijayasiMha sUrayo vizrutA zrutavicArabhUrayaH / vAgmino vijayino'tha tatpade bhejire cAbhayasiMha sUrayaH // 11 // zrImadAgamika mukhya vaMzajA sUrayaH samabhavannime sane / saMti tatpadakRpopajIvinaH zrIyutA amarasiMha sUrayaH // 12 // Agami gaccha kI paTTAvalI ke upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM paTTAvalIkAra ne nimnalikhita antima zloka diyA hai 1. ----- arthAt Agamikagaccha ke pAMcaveM paTTadhara prAcAryazrI sarvAnanda ke samaya meM abhayadevasUri aura vajrasenasUri nAmaka jo do prAcArya hue the una donoM prAcAryoM kI zAkhAeM kalikAla ke prabhAva se Aja nAmamAtra ke liye luptaprAyaH sI vidyamAna haiM / zrI abhayadeva sUre: zrI sUre vajrasena nAmno'pi / kalivilasitena samprati, jAte zAkhe asatprAye ||13|| isa terahaveM zloka ke sAtha hI prAgamikagaccha kI yaha paTTAvalI samApta ho jAtI hai / isa paTTAvalI meM katipaya sUcanAeM bar3I mahattvapUrNa haiM kintu isameM eka AcArya ko chor3a zeSa kisI kA samaya ullikhita nahIM hone ke kAraNa isakA aitihAsika mahatva kama ho jAtA hai / isa paTTAvalI meM kevala yazodevasUri ke dIkSita hone kA samaya vikrama samvat 1966, inake prAcAryapada para AsIna hone kA samaya vikrama samvat 1212 tathA inake dvArA zrAgama pakSa kI sthApanA kA samaya vikrama samvat 1214 hI diyA gayA hai| isake atirikta anya kisI bhI prAcArya ke gRhastha paryAya, dIkSA kAla, AcAryakAla Adi kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai / zrI kAntivijayajI ke bhaNDAra kI prati se prApta huI pratilipi ke AdhAra para isa paTTAvalI ke zloka aura kucha aMza yahAM uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / -sampAdaka
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________________ 568 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 isa paTTAvalI meM isake lekhana kAla kA bhI koI ullekha nahIM hai aura na amarasiMhasUri ke pazcAt kisI prAcArya kA nAmollekha hI / isase yahI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki isa paTTAvalI kA Alekhana amarasiMhasUri ke prAcAryakAla meM kiyA gyaa| bArahaveM zloka ke tRtIya caraNa meM "santi"--isa zabda ko dekhane se yaha svataH hI siddha ho jAtA hai ki amarasiMhasUri kI vidyamAnatA meM hI isa paTTAvalI kI racanA kI gii| uparivariNata nau AcAryoM meM se kevala prAcAryazrI amarasiMha ko chor3a kisI ke na to pratimA lekha upalabdha hote haiM aura na prazastiparaka lekha hii| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM zIlagaNasUri se lekara abhayasiMhasUri ke samaya ke sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| amarasiMhasUri ke kula milAkara 6 pratimA lekha upalabdha hote haiM jo vikrama samvat 1451 aura 1478 kI avadhi ke bIca ke haiM / isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki isa paTTAvalI kA lekhana vikrama samvat 1478 ke Asa-pAsa kiyA gayA ho| ina pratimA lekhoM se aura AcAryazrI yazodeva ke dIkSA kAla, AcAryapada '. pradAna kAla aura unake dvArA vikrama samvat 1214 meM Agama pakSa kI sthApanA sambandhI isI paTTAvalI ke pUrva cacita ullekha se yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki Agamikagaccha ke prathama prAcArya zIlagaNasUri se lekara AThaveM AcArya abhayasiMha taka ATha prAcAryoM kA kAla vikrama samvat 1214 se lekara 1450-51 ke bIca kA 237 varSa kA rahA / amarasiMhasUri ke pazcAt unake paTTadhara hemaratnasUri hue| yaha pratimA lekhoM se jJAta hotA hai| Agamikagaccha ke dasaveM prAcArya ina hemaratnasUri se sambandhita lagabhaga pandraha pratimA lekha 'zilAlekha saMgraha' meM upalabdha hote haiM jo vikrama samvat 1484 se 1521 taka kI 37 varSa kI avadhi ke haiN| pratimA lekhoM se evaM granthoM kI puSpikAoM se yaha tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki hemaratnasUri ke pazcAt aura unake samaya meM Agamikagaccha meM dhaMdhukiyA zAkhA, biDAlambiyA zAkhA, Adi isa gaccha kI zAkhAoM ke prAcAryoM evaM muniyoM se sambandhita pratimA lekha vikrama samvat 1546 taka ke aura puSpikA lekha vikrama samvat 1678 taka ke upalabdha hote haiN| Agamikagaccha ke prAcAryoM se sambandhita ina pratimA lekhoM ko dekhane aura una para zodha paraka dRSTi se vicAra karane para eka bar3A hI AzcaryakArI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki isa gaccha kI uparilikhita paTTAvalI ke anta meM jina amarasiMhasUri kA nAma diyA gayA hai unase pahale ke ATha prAcAryoM ke samaya kA eka bhI pratimA lekha abhI taka kahIM dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai| isa sthiti meM yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki kyA amarasiMhasUri se pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke tatvAvadhAna meM eka
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] prAgamikagaccha [ 566 . bhI pratimA kI pratiSThA nahIM karavAI gaI ? Agamikagaccha isa nAma se hI yaha artha prakaTa hotA hai ki kevala AgamoM meM pratipAdita siddhAntoM, niyamoM aura zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA gaccha athavA zramaraNa smuuh| to aisI dazA meM kyA Agamikagaccha kI sthApanA ke samaya se arthAt vikrama samvat 1214 se lekara vikrama samvat 1451 taka kI 237 varSoM kI avadhi meM pratimAoM kI pratiSThA karavAnA Agamikagaccha ke prAcArya athavA sAdhu Agamasammata nahIM mAnate the ? yaha eka aisA mahatvapUrNa prazna hai jisake sambandha meM gahana khoja kI AvazyakatA hai| AzA hai zodhArthI vidvAn isa prazna para prakAza DAlane kA kaSTa kareMge /
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________________ janma dIkSA zramaraNa bha. mahAvIra ke 53 veM paTTadhara zrAcAryazrI mahAsUrasena AcAryapada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya AcArya paryAya pUrNa saMyama paryAya pUrNa bhAyu vIra ni. saM. 1626 1654 1708 1738 33 37 " 33 11 " " " 17 25 varSa 54 varSa 30 varSa 84 varSa 106 varSa vI. ni. saM. 1708 meM AcAryazrI sUrasena ke svargastha ho jAne para catuvidha saMgha ne vayovRddha, Agama-marmajJa muni zrI mahAsUrasena ko zramaraNa bha. mahAvIra ke 53veM paTTadhara AcAryapada para adhiSThita kiyA / Apane apanI 84 varSa kI pUrNa saMyama paryAya meM zra. bha. mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke prabala praharI ke rUpa meM sajaga rahakara IsA pUrva 557 meM zramaraNa bha. mahAvIra ne tIrthapravartana karate hue vizva ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA se ahiMsA mUlaka dharma kI jo mahatI ( mahanIyA ) saritA pravAhita kI thI, usake pravAha ko Apane prakSuNNa banAye rakhA / Apane vI. ni. saM. 1738 meM 106 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara samAdhi-pUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyA / ApakI 84 varSa jaisI sudIrghAvadhi kI sAdhanA kI yaha vizeSatA rahI ki Apane caityavAsa aura zithilAcAra ke prabhAva se caturvidha saMgha ko bacAye rakhakara binA ADambara ke apanI sAdhanA pUrNa kii|
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________________ janma dIkSA zramaraNa bha. mahAvIra ke 54veM paTTadhara zrAcArya zrI mahAsena AcAryapada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya AcArya paryAya pUrNa saMyama paryAya pUrNa Ayu vIra ni. saM. 1651 1662 1738 1758 17 17 " " 17 79 37 " " vI. ni. saM. 1738 meM vizuddha mUla paramparA ke 53veM paTTadhara grAcAryazrI mahAsUrasena ke svargastha ho jAne para caturvidha saMgha ne vayovRddha anubhavI zramaNottama zrI mahAsenamuni ko bha. mahAvIra ke 54veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM AcAryapada para AsIna kiyA / 11 varSa 76 varSa 20 varSa 66 varSa 107 varSa jisa samaya Apako prAcAryapada para grAsIna kiyA usa samaya ApakI avasthA 87 varSa kI thI / vayovRddha hote hue bhI AcAryazrI mahAsena ne 20 varSa taka saMgha kA sucAru rUperaNa saMcAlana kiyA / anta meM 107 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara Apane vI. ni. saM. 1758 meM samAdhistha hokara svargArohaNa kiyA / p isa prakAra ke maharSiyoM ke tyAga tapa aura aTUTa AsthA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla- paramparA ghorAtighora saMkaTapUrNa saMkrAnti kAla meM bhI apanI manthara gati se antarvAhinI nadI kI taraha pravAhita hotI rahI /
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________________ cAlIsaveM (40) yugapradhAnAcArya zrI zIlamitra janma vIra nirvANa samvat 1652 dIkSA vIra nirvANa samvat 1663 sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya vIra nirvANa samvat 1663 se 1683 yugapradhAnAcArya kAla vIra nirvANa samvat 1683 se 1762 gRhastha paryAya gyAraha (11) varSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 20 varSa yugapradhAnAcArya paryAya 76 varSa svarga vIra nirvANa samvat 1762 sarvAyu 110 varSa sAta mAha aura sAta dina . . 66 varSa jaise sudIrghAvadhi ke apane sAdhanAkAla meM 76 vaSa taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada para rahate hue yugapradhAnAcArya zrI zIlamitra ne jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kI / isase adhika ApakA koI vizeSa paricaya jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa|
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________________ tapAgaccha anyAnya gacchoM kI bhAMti tapAgaccha kI utpatti bhI kriyoddhAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI huii| vRhadgaccha (bar3agaccha) ke zramaNa samudAya meM kAla prabhAva se zithilAcAra uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 42veM paTTadhara zrI vijayasiMhasUri ne somaprabhasUri aura maNiratnasUri nAmaka apane do guru bhrAtAoM ko apane paTTa para AsIna kiyaa| tadanantara ina donoM prAcAryoM ne kAlAntara meM jagaccandrasUri ko apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita karate hue unheM AcAryapada pradAna kiyaa| __ isa prakAra tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 44veM paTTadhara zrI jagaccandrasUri hue| jagaccandrasUri bar3e hI bhavabhIru evaM AgamoM meM pratipAdita vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pratipAlana karane vAle zramaNottama the| apane gaccha meM sarvatra vyApta zithilAcAra ko dekhakara unheM bar3A duHkha huA / saMgha nAyaka AcArya hone ke kAraNa unhoMne apane zramaNa-zramaNI parivAra meM vyApta ghora zithilAcAra ko dUra karane ke aneka prayAsa kiye / kintu una prayAsoM kA koI santoSaprada pariNAma nahIM niklaa| antatogatvA jagaccandrasUri ne citravAlagaccha ke parama kriyAniSTha devabhadra upAdhyAya kI sahAyatA se kriyoddhAra kiyaa| unhoMne Agamokta zuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue jinazAsana kA pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| Apake asAdhAraNa tyAga ke prabhAva se aneka zramaNa-zramariNayoM evaM mumukSutroM ne preraNA lekara niraticAra vizuddha zramaNa dharma kA pAlana karanA prArambha kiyaa| jagaccandrasUri ne kriyoddhAra ke patha para agrasara hote samaya AjIvana AcAmla tapa karate rahane kI pratijJA kii| ve devabhadra upAdhyAya ke sAtha mevAr3a meM sthAna-sthAna para vihAra kara dharma kA pracAra karane lge| unake kaThora tapazcaraNa se prabhAvita ho mevAr3a ke sabhI vargoM ke loga bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM unake zraddhAlu upAsaka bana gye| vizuddha kriyApAtra hone ke sAtha-sAtha jagaccandrasUri nyAya zAstra ke udbhaTa vidvAn evaM mahAvAdI the| unhoMne prAghATapura (pAhar3a) meM digambara AcAryoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha kara vijayazrI prApta kii| prAcAryazrI kI isa vijaya se prabhAvita ho mevAr3a ke mahArANA jaitrasiMha ne Apako 'hIralA jagaccandra' sUri ke viruda se vibhUSita kiyA / ..
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________________ 574 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 Apake kaThora tapazcaraNa kI digdiganta meM vyApta kIti se prabhAvita ho mahArANA jaisiMha ne Apako vikrama samvat 1285 meM tapA ke viruda se vibhUSita kiyaa| isa prakAra prAcArya jagaccandrasUri aura caitravAlagaccha ke upAdhyAya devabhadra kA sammilita zramaNa-zramaNI samUha loka meM 'tapAgaccha' ke nAma se vikrama samvat 1285 meM prasiddha huA / mevAr3a meM jinazAsana kA pracAra karane ke pazcAt prAcArya jagaccandrasUri ne gujarAta kI aora vihAra kiyaa| Apa dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra evaM Apake kaThora tapazcaraNa kI kItti dUra-dUra taka vyApta ho gaI thii| gujarAta meM praveza karate hI Apako zreSThivara vastupAla ne bar3e sammAna ke sAtha agavANI kii| zreSTha vastupAla ne AcArya jagaccandrasUri ko sampUrNa gujarAta meM dharma pracAra kArya meM bar3I hI mahatvapUrNa sahAyatA pradAna kii| AcArya jagaccandrasUri ke tyAga, tapa, vidvattA evaM zuddha prAgamavihita zramaNAcAra Adi guNoM tathA mantrI vastupAla ke sabhI bhAMti ke samIcIna sahayoga se svalpakAla meM hI tapAgaccha gujarAta kA eka zaktizAlI evaM lokapriya gaccha bana gyaa| * gurjara pradeza meM dharma pracAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa jagaccandrasUri ke sAdhu-sAdhvI samUha kI saMkhyA meM bhI paryApta vRddhi huii| ___maMtrI vastupAla ke prIti-pAtra daphtarI (mahatA) vijayacandra ne bhI jagaccandrasUri ke pAsa bar3e vairAgya bhAva se zramaNadharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| unhIM dinoM devendra nAmaka tIvra buddhi kizora bhI jagaccandrasUri ke pAsa dIkSita huA / ina donoM ne jagaccandrasUri ke pAsa AgamoM aura sabhI vidyAoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| zAkhA-bheda kAlAntara meM vijayacandra se 'vRddha pauSAlika tapAgaccha' aura devendrasUri se 'laghu pauSAlika tapAgaccha' ina do zAkhAoM kA janma huaa| __ upAdhyAya dharma sAgarajI dvArA racita evaM paMnyAsa zrI kalyANa vijayajI dvArA sampAdita tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra khambhAta ke kumArapAla-vihAra nAmaka jinamandira meM 1800 mukhavastrikA vAle bhakta zrAvakoM se parivRtta mantrI vastupAla ne zrI devendrasUri ko vandana namana kara unakA sammAna kiyA / ' 1. staMbha tIrthe ca catuSpatha sthita kumArapAla vihAre dharmadezanAyAmaSTAdazazata (1800) mukhavastrikAbhimaMtri vastupAla: caturvedAdi nirNaya dAtRtvena svasamaya parasamaya vidAM zrI devendrasUrINAM vaMdanakadAnena bahumAnaM cakAra / / / --paTTAvalI-samuccayaH tapAgaccha paTTAvalI-pRSTha 58
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] . tapAgaccha [ 575 kAlAntara meM vRddha pauSAlika ke prAcArya vijayacandra sUri zanaiH zanaiH zithilAcAra kI ora pravRtta hone lge| caityavAsiyoM ke sudIrghakAlIna saMsarga evaM varcasva Adi ke pariNAmasvarUpa vastutaH zithilAcAra zramaNa samUha meM itanI gaharAI taka ghara kara gayA thA ki kriyoddhAra ke mAdhyama se navagaThita zramaNa paramparAoM meM bhI svalpa kAla ke pazcAt hI zithilAcAra ke bIja aMkurita ho uThate aura cAroM ora zithilAcAra kA bola-bAlA ho jAtA / isa sabakA pariNAma yaha hotA thA ki jina vikRtiyoM evaM burAiyoM ko nirmUla karane ke liye kriyoddhAra kA krAntikArI kadama uThAkara koI zramaNazreSTha AgamAnusAriNI evaM vizuddha paramparA ko janma dete, usa paramparA meM hI svalpa kAla meM ve sabhI vikRtiyAM pUrvApekSayA itane prabala vega se abhivRddha ho uThatIM ki punaH kisI mahApuruSa ko kriyoddhAra karane ke lie agrasara honA par3atA / yaha krama satata calatA rahA / AcArya jagaccandrasUri ne vi. saM. 1283 meM citravAla gaccha ke upAdhyAya devabhadra kI sahAyatA se kriyoddhAra kiyaa| kintu unake paTTadhara vRddha pauSAlika zAkhA ke prAcArya vijayacandrasUri ne na kevala svayaM ko hI apitu apane prAjJAnuvartI zramaNa-zramaNI saMgha ko bhI zithilAcAra kI aora pravRtta karate hue sAdhu ke liye vastroM kI gaThar3I rakhane, nitya ghRta, dUdha Adi vikRtiyAM grahaNa karane, yatheccha vastra prakSAlana, phala-zAka grahaNa karane Adi doSapUrNa nimnalikhita gyAraha bAtoM kI khulI chUTa pradAna karadI :. 1. sAdhue vastranI poTaliyo rAkhavI / 2. hameza vigaya vAparavAnI chUTa / vastra dhovAnI chuutt| gocarI mAM phala-zAka grahaNa karavAnI chUTa / sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne nIvI nAM paccakhANa mAM ghRta vAparavA nI chUTa / sAdhvIe bahorI lAvela AhAra. sAdhu ne svIkAravAnI chUTa / 7. hameza be prakAra nA paccakhAraNa nI chUTa / gRhasthoM ne rAjI rAkhavA temanI sAthe pratikramaNa karavAnI chuutt| saMvibhAga ne divase tene ghera bahoravA javAnI chuutt|| 10. lepa nI sannidhi rAkhavA nI chUTa / 11. taratanUMja UnUM pANI bahoravAnI chUTa, vigere vigere| -tapAgaccha paTTAvalI paM0 zrI kalyANa vijayajI mahArAja dvArA likhita pRSTha 168 zanaiH zanaiH sthiti yahAM taka pahu~ca gaI ki vi. saM. 1283 meM kriyoddhAra ke mAdhyama se saMsthApita isa yazasvinI kriyAniSTha tapAgaccha paramparA meM bhI isake prAdurbhAva ke 174 varSa pazcAt, vi. saM. 1457 ke AsapAsa, tapAgaccha ke pacAsaveM mi *
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________________ 576 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 paTTadhara somasundarasUri ko kriyoddhAraparaka kaThora kadama uThAkara apane zramaNazramaNI varga meM vyApta zithilAcAra ko dUra karane ke liye nimnalikhita 36 naye boloM (AgamAnusArI niyamoM athavA sudhAroM) kI ghoSaNA karanI par3I : niyamo * 1. jJAna ArAdhana hetu mAre hamezA 5 gAthA mor3he karavI ane kramavAra 5 gAthA no artha guru samIpe grahaNa krvo| 2. bIjA ne bharaNavA mATe hamezA pAMca gAthA mAre lakhavI ane bhaNanArAmro ne kramavAra pAMca-pAMca gAthA mAre bharaNAvavI / varSA Rtu mAM mAre 500 gAthA nUM, zizira Rtu mAM 800 gAthA nUM ane grISma Rtu mAM 300 gAthA nUM, sajjhAya-dhyAna karavu / 4. nava pada navakAra mantranu eka sau vAra sadA raTaNa karU (krvu)| pAMca zakrastava var3e hamezA eka vakta devavandana karU athavA be vagata, traNa vagata ke pohare-pohare yathAzakti aAlasarahita devavandana krvvu| dareka aSTamI caturdazI ne divase saghalAM derAsaro juhAravA, temaja saghalA munijano ne vAMdavA / bAkI nAM divase eka derAsare to avazya javU / hamezA vaDIla sAdhu ne nizcai trikAla vandana karU, ane bIjA glAna temaja vRddhAdika munijanonuvaiyAvacca yathAzakti karU / IriyAsamiti pAlavA mATe sthaMDila mAtru karavA jatAM athavA AhArapANI bahoravA jatAM rastA mAM vArtAlApa vigere karavAnuchoDI daUM / yathAkAla pUMjyAM-pramAA vagaira cAlyA javAya to, aMga-paDilehaNA pramukha saMDAsA pADilehyAM vagara besI javAya to, ane kaTAsaNA (kAMbalI) vagara . besI javAya to pAMca khamAsamaraNa devA athavA pAMca navakAra mantra no jApa krvo| 10. bhASAsamiti pAlavA mATe ughAr3e mukhe bolUja nahIM, tema chatAM gaphalata thI jeTalI bAra ughAr3e mukhe boli jAUM teTalI bAra IriyAvahI pUrvaka eka logassano kAusagga karU / AhAra-pAraNI karatAM temaja pratikramaNa karatAM ane upadhi nI paDileharaNAM karatAM koI mahatvanA kArya vagara koI ne kadApi kAMI kahUM nahIM (bolUM nhiiN)| 12. aisaNAsamiti pAlavA mATe nirdoSa prAzuka jala malatu hoya tihAM sudhI potA ne khapa chatAM dhovaraNa vAlujala aNagala (acitta) jala ane jaravANI (jharelu pANI) lavunahi / . i
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] tapAgaccha [ 577 14. DADA 18. 13. AdAna nikSepaNA samiti pAlavA mATe potAnI upadhi pramukha pUjI-pramArjI ne bhUmi para sthApana karU,temaja bhUmi Upara thI luu| pUjavA-pramArjavA mAM gaphalata thAya to tyAMja navakAra gaNu / DAMDo pramukha potAnI upadhi jyAM tyAM mukI devAya tA te badala eka AyaMbala karU, athavA UbhA UbhA kAusagga mudrAe rahI eka sau gAthA na sajjhAya dhyAna karU / 15. pAriThAvaNiyA samiti pAlavA mATe sthaMDila, mAtruke khelAdika (zleSmA dika) nubhAjana paraThavatAM koI jIva no vinAza thAya to nIvI karU ane sadoSa AhArapANI pramukha vahorI ne paraThavatAM AyaMbila kruu| sthaMDila, mAtru vigere karavAnA ke paraThavavAnA sthAne "aNujArAha jassu ggaho" prathama kahuM ane paraThaviyA pachI traNaM bAra "vosire" kahuM / 17. mana gupti, vacanagupti pAlavA mATe mana ane vacana rAgAkula thAya to huM ekeka nIvI karU ane kAya kuceSTA thAya to upavAsa ke AyaMbila karU / ahiMsA vrate pramAdAcaraNa thI mArA thI beindriya pramukha jIvanI virAdhanA thaI jAya to tenI indriyo jeTalI nivI karU / satya vrate krodha, lobha, bhaya ane hAsyAdika ne vaza thai jhUThU bolI jAUM to AyaMbila karU / 16. asteya vrate pahelI bhikSA mAM AvelA je ghRtAdika padArtho guru mahArAja ne dekhADyA vinA nA hoya te vAparU nahIM ane DAMDo, tarpaNI vigere bIjA nI rajA vagara laU ke vAparU nahIM ane laUM ke vAparU to AyaMbila karU / 20. brahmavrate ekalI strI sAthe vArtAlApa na karU ane strIro ne svatantra bharaNA vunahIM / parigraha viramaNa vrate eka varSa cAle eTalI upadhi rAkhu, paNa tethI vadhAre rAkhu nahIM / pAtrA kAcalAM pramukha pandara uparAnta naja rAkhu / rAtribhojanaviramaraNa vrate azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima nI lezamAtra sannidhi rogAdika kAraNe paNa karU nhiiN| 21. mahAn roga thayo hoya to paNa kavAtha no ukAlo na pIU, temaja rAtre pANI pIUM nahIM / sAMjhe chelI be ghar3I mAM jalapAna na kruu| sUrya nizce dekhAte chateja ucita avasare sadA jalapAna karI laUM ane sUryAsta pahelAM ja sarva AhAra nA pacakkhANa karI laU ane praNAhArI auSadha nI sannidhi paNa upAzraya mAM rAkhu-rakhAvU nahIM / 23. tapAcAra yathAzakti pAlueTale chaTThAdika tapa kariyo hoya temaja yoga vahana karato hoU, te vinA avagrahita bhikSA laU nahi / lAga lAgAM be AyaMbila ke traNa nIvI karyAM vagara haM vigaya (dUdha, dahI, ghI pramukha) vAparU nahIM ane vigaya vAparU te divase khAMDa pramukha sAthe melavI . ne nahIM khAvAno niyama jAvajjIva paalu| 24.
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________________ 578 ] 25. 26. 27. 28. 26. 30. 31. 32. 33. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa raNa nivi lAgolAga thAya te darmyAna temaja vigaya vAparavAnAM divase niviyatAM grahaNa na karU, temaja be divasa lAgaTa koI tevA puSTa kAraNa vinA vigaya vAparU nahiM / 36. dareka AThama caudaza ne dahADe zakti hoya to upavAsa karU, nahi to te badala be AyaMbila ke raNa nivi kari prapUM / -bhAga 4 dara roja dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva gata abhigraha dhAraNa karU, kema ke tema na karU to prAyazcita Ave tema jItakalpa mAM kA che / vIryAcAra yathAzakti pAlUM eTale hamezAM pAMca gAthAdika nA artha grahaNa kari manana karU / AkhA divasa mAM saMyama mArga mAM prasAda karanArAmro ne haM pAMca bAra hitazikSA prAyUM ne sarva sAdhunone eka mAtraka paraThavI pUM / dara roja karmakSaya arthe cauvIsa ke vIsa logassa no kAussagga karUM athavA teTalA pramAraNa sajjhAya dhyAna kAussagga mAM rahI sthiratAthI karU / nidrAdika pramAda var3e maNDalI mAM barAbara vakhate hAjara na thai zakAya to eka AyaMbila karU ne sarva sAdhupronI vaiyAvacca karUM / saMghAr3Adika no kaso sambandha na hoya to paraNa bAla ke glAna sAdhu pramukha pahiraNa kari pUM, temaja temanA khela pramukha mala nIM kuNDI paraThavavA fbagere kAma para yathAzakti kari pUM / upAzraya mAM pesatAM "nissihi" ane nikalatAM "Avassahi" kahevI bhUlI jAUM to temaja gAma mAM pesatAM - nisaratAM paga pUMjavA visari jAUM to yAda Ave teja sthale navakAra mantra gara / 34. aura 35. kArya prasaMge vRddha sAdhuo ne 'he bhagavan ! pasAya kari' ane laghu sAdhu ne 'IcchakAra' eTale temanI icchAnusAre karavAnu kahevu bhUlI jAUM to temaja sarvatra jyAre jyAre bhUla par3e, tyAre tyAre "micchAmi dukkaDaM " ema he joI te visarI jAUM to jyAre saMbhAri prAve athavA koI hitasvI saMbhAri pe tyAre tatkAla navakAra mantra gara / vaDIla ne pUchayAM vagara vizeSa vastu laUM daUM nahIM ane vaDIla ne pUchIneja sarva kArya karU N paraNa pUchayAM vagara karU nahi / vigere vigere / - paMnyAsa zrI kalyANa vijayazrI likhita tapAgaccha paTTAvalI - pRSTha saM. 160-193 / somasundarasUri ne apane gaccha meM zithilAcAra ke unmUlana ke liye aneka prakAra ke kaThora kadama uThAye / isake uparAnta bhI jo zramaraNa zithilAcAra ke vazIbhUta rahe unheM unhoMne saMgha se niSkAsita bhI kiyA / somasundarasUri ke vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI kIrti cAroM aura prasRta ho gaI / zithilAcAriyoM ke prati logoM
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] tapAgaccha [ 576 ke mana meM sammAna ghaTane lgaa| isase zithilAcArI evaM yati varga ke mana meM somasundarasUri ke prati vidveSAgni prajvalita huii| yati varga ne apane vizvasta upAsaka se eka hiMsra prakRti ke puruSa ko 500) Take (rupaye) kA lAlaca dekara rAtri ke samaya somasundarasUri kA prANAnta kara dene ke liye bhejaa| somasundarasUri kI hatyA ke liye yatiyoM dvArA pratibaddha kiyA gayA vaha vyakti rAtri ke samaya upAzraya meM praviSTa huaa| vaha puruSa ekAnta meM soye hue sUrivarya para zastra kA prahAra karane ke liye udyata huA ki usI samaya sUrivarya ne karavaTa badalate samaya pramArjanI (rajoharaNa pU~jaNI) se apane zarIra kA pramArjana kiyaa| candramA ke prakAza meM yaha dekhate hI vaha puruSa stabdha raha gyaa| usake mana meM sahasA vicAra AyA "jo mahApuruSa nidritAvasthA meM bhI sUkSmAtisUkSma jIva-jantuoM para karuNA karake unheM rajoharaNa se bacAne kA prayAsa karatA hai, isa prakAra ke dayA sAgara dInabandhu mahAsanta kA vadha kara maiM nizcita rUpa se rasAtala meM jAkara ananta kAla taka ghorAtighora dAruNa duHkha bhogatA rhuuNgaa| dhikkAra hai mujhe !" yaha kahate hue vaha puruSa prAcAryazrI somasundarasUri ke caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakha bArambAra unase kSamA-yAcanA karane lagA / usane pUrA vRttAMta somasundarasUri se nivedana kiyA / sUrivarya ne zAnta, madhura zabdoM meM usa puruSa ko Azvasta karate hue use samyaktva kA bodha diyaa| isa ghaTanA se usa samaya kI vikaTa sthiti kA AbhAsa hotA hai ki usa samaya kA sAdhuvarga kisa dayanIya dazA taka pahu~ca cukA thaa| vaha svayaM to zithilAcAra ko chor3ane ke liye kiMcitmAtra bhI udyata nahIM thA aura yadi koI mumukSu mahApuruSa zithilAcAra ke unmUlana hetu prayatnazIla hotA to usa mahApuruSa ke prANoM kA anta kara dene taka ke lie kRta-saMkalpa ho jAtA thaa| jaina madhyayugIna vAGmaya isa prakAra ke udAharaNoM se bharA par3A hai ki samaya-samaya para aneka mahApuruSoM ne kriyoddhAra kiye| kucha samaya taka vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA samIcInatayA paripAlana bhI kriyoddhAra ke mAdhyama se navodita zramaNa paramparAgoM meM hotA rahA, kintu "chidreSvanAH bahulI bhavanti" isa nItisUkti ke anusAra eka bAra skhalanA ho jAne ke anantara skhalanAoM kA anavarata krama calatA hI rahA / tapAgaccha ke 52veM paTTadhara ratnazekharasUri ke samaya se hI zramaNa-zramaNI varga meM zithilAcAra uttarottara abhivRddha hone lgaa| "savvaM sAvajja jogaM paccakkhAmi jAva jIvAe tivihaM tiviheNaM / " isa zAstrIya pATha se jIvana-paryanta paMca mahAvratoM ko caturvidha saMgha kI sAkSI se aMgIkAra
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________________ 580 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 karane vAle usa samaya ke sAdhuvarga meM zramaraNacaryA kI atha se iti taka ke choTe-bar3e sabhI prakAra ke niyamoM ko eka prakAra se tAka meM rakhakara vipula parigraha yukta bhogopabhogoM meM prAsakta rahanA, sarva sAdhana sampanna susamRddha gRhastha kI bhAMti aizvarya pUrNa jIvana-yApana karanA prArambha kara diyA thA / caturvidha saMgha meM isa prakAra kI durlakSyapUrNa sthiti se eka prakAra kI khalabalIsI utpanna ho gaI / saMgharatha zithilAcAra ke ghora daladala meM dhaMsatA hI calA gayA / aise vikaTa samaya meM AvazyakatA thI eka aise mahArathI mahApuruSa kI, jo zithilAcAra ke athAha daladala meM Adhura phaMse saMgharatha ko bAhara nikAla kara AgamAnusArI zramaraNacaryA ke prazasta patha para janatA ko ArUr3ha kara sake / AvazyakatA AviSkAra kI jananI hai / tatkAlIna isa anivArya AvazyakatA kI pUrti hetu lokAzAha nAmaka mahApuruSa ne jinazAsana ke saMgharatha ko vikAroM se prataprota zithilAcAra ke daladala se bAhara nikAlane kA bIr3A uThAyA / zAha ne bhI varddhamAnasUri - jinezvarasUri jaise mahAn kriyoddhArakoM kI bhAMti ekamAtra sarvajJa praraNIta, gaNadhara - grathita evaM caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA niryUDha AgamoM ko hI sarvopari prAmANika mAnate hue una prAgamoM ke AdhAra para eka sarvAMgapUrNa dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA / zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM zithilAcAra, ADambara, vikAra evaM Agama viruddha mAnyatAoM kA lavaleza taka avaziSTa na rahe isa praTala nizcaya ke sAtha lauMkAzAha ne loka ke samakSa yaha udghoSa kiyA ki jaina dharma vItarAga jinendra tIrthaMkara prabhu dvArA pradarzita dharma hai, na ki kisI prAcArya dvArA pradarzita / ataH pratyeka jaina dharmAnuyAyI ke lie jinapraraNIta prAgama hI sarvopari mAnya evaM parama prAmANika ho sakate haiM, na ki prAcAryoM dvArA racita niyuktiyAM, bhASya, vRttiyA~ aura cUriyA~ Adi paMcAMgI / kAzAha ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki dharma ke zrAgamika svarUpa aura tIrtha sthApanA ke samaya se cale A rahe vizuddha mUla zramaraNAcAra meM caityavAsI paramparA dvArA utpanna kI gaI vikRtiyoM ke unmUlana ke lie samaya-samaya para mahApuruSoM dvArA jitane bhI kriyoddhAra kiye gaye haiM, ve vastutaH stutya hote hue bhI sarvAMgapUrNa kriyoddhAra kI koTi meM nahIM A pAye aura unakI saphalatA ke lie caturvidha saMgha se apekSita sahayoga nahIM milaa| una kriyoddhAroM kA sUtrapAta karate samaya yadi dharmasaMgha meM burAiyoM praviSTa hone ke dvAroM ko hI banda kara diyA jAtA, kevala AgamoM ko hI sarvopari prAmANika mAnakara niyuktiyoM bhASyoM, vRttiyoM evaM cUriMgayoM ko AAgamoM ke samakakSa hI prAmANika na mAnakara zithilAcAra ke samasta praveza dvAroM ko eka bAra meM hI avaruddha kara diyA jAtA to usa samagra krAnti ke pazcAt bArabAra ke kriyoddhAra kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] tapAgaccha [ 581 lauMkAzAha dvArA kiye gaye prAmUlacUla parivartanakAriNI sarvAMgapUrNa samagra dharmakrAnti ke sUtrapAta ke pIche yaha eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa thA, aura thI eka hRdayadrAviNI pRSThabhUmi / ___ jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai varddhamAnasUri-jinezvarasUri, AryarakSitasUri, jagaccandrasUri aura somasundarasUri Adi mahApuruSoM dvArA prArambha kiye gaye kriyoddhAra ke pUrNarUpeNa saphala na hone ke pariNAmasvarUpa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha zithilAcAra, vikRtiyoM aura vikAroM ke dala-dala meM uttarottara gaharA dhaMsatA hI calA gyaa| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 55veM paTTadhara zrI hemavimalasUri ke prAcAryakAla meM to zithilAcAra parAkASThA taka pahu~ca cukA thA tathA unake uttarAdhikArI evaM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 56veM paTTadhara aAnanda vimalasUri ke samaya meM to na kevala zithilAcAra hI, apitu dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke vizuddha svarUpa meM panape hue vikAra vastutaH vikRti kI parAkASThA ko bhI pAra kara cuke the| isa sambandha meM vizeSa kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM, kevala aAnanda vimalasUri ke mukha se prakaTa kiye hue tatkAlIna dayanIya paristhiti viSayaka nimnalikhita udgAroM kA ullekha mAtra hI paryApta hogA : .........."aAnanda vimalasUri ne zrI rAjavijayasUri ko kahA-"tuma vidvAn ho isalie hama tumhAre pAsa Aye haiM, lukAmati jinazAsana kA lopa kara rahe haiM, merA AyuSya to aba parimita hai, parantu tuma donoM yogya ho, vidvAn ho aura parigraha sambandhI moha chor3akara vahIvaTa kI vaTiyAM jala meM ghola dI haiM, savA mana sone kI mUtti andha kUpa meM DAla dI, savA pAva sera motiyoM kA cUrA karavA kara pheMka diyA hai, dUsarA bhI sabhI prakAra kA parigraha chor3a diyA hai / ............"1 __ apane samaya ke eka mahAn kriyoddhAraka, ghora tapasvI mahApuruSa ke udgAroM se do nirvivAda tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM / pahalA to yaha ki lauMkAzAha dvArA kI gaI aitihAsika samagra dharma krAnti se pUrva zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha kA zramaNa varga zAstroM meM ullikhita zramaNa jIvana kI sabhI maryAdAoM ko tAka meM rakhakara zithilAcAra meM pUrNa rUpeNa pralipta aura vipula parigraha kA svAmI bana cukA thaa| dUsarA tathya yaha prakAza meM AtA hai ki lauMkAzAha dvArA pUre gaye samagra dharma krAnti ke zaMkhanAda ne tatkAlIna zramaNa varga kI moha nidrA ko bhaMga kara usameM navIna sphUrti evaM cetanA kA saMcAra kiyaa| 1. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, dvitIya pariccheda, pRSTha 188-186 /
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________________ 582 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 lauMkAzAha se pUrva samaya-samaya para jitane bhI kriyoddhAra kiye gaye unameM yadi pramukha evaM aTala niyama anivArya rUpeNa sammilita kara liye jAte ki jinezvara bhagavAn ke anuyAyI pratyeka jaina ke liye jina prarUpita eka mAtra Agama hI sarvopari prAmANika hoMge aura niyuktiyAM, bhASya, vRttiyAM evaM cUNiyAM AgamoM ke samakakSa kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM mAnI jAveMgI, to usa dazA meM zithilAcAronmukha zramaNa-zramaNI varga ko paMcAMgI kA sahArA lekara zithilAcAra kI ora unmukha hone kA avakAza hI nahIM rahatA, usakA rAstA hI khulA nahIM rahatA / lauMkAzAha ne vi0 saM0 1508 meM mahAn dharma krAnti kA sUtrapAtra kiyaa| svayaM lauMkAzAha ne, unake anuyAyiyoM ne tathA dharma krAnti ke pariNAmasvarUpa AgamoM meM pradarzita vizuddha zramaNa patha para agrasara hue jinamatI (jinheM virodhI aura anya loga lUMkAmatI ke sambodhana se sambodhita karane lage) zramaNa-zramaNI varga ne dharma ke vizuddha Agamika svarUpa kA pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| svalpa kAla meM hI lauMkAzAha dvArA punarudghATita dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA AzAtIta rUpa se abhivRddha hotI gii| deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM lauMkAzAha kI kIrti-patAkA phaharAne lgii| lauMkAzAha dvArA kI gaI dharma krAnti ke pariNAmasvarUpa vizuddha Agamika patha ke anuyAyiyoM kI deza ke prAyaH sabhI bhAgoM meM uttarottara bar3hatI huI saMkhyA ko dekhakara anya gacchoM ne anubhava kiyA ki lukA ke anuyAyiyoM ke pracAra-prasAra se unake astitva para saMkaTa ke bAdala maMDarAne lage haiN| isa AzaMkA se prerita hokara tapAgaccha ke 56veM paTTadhara prAnanda vimalasUri ne vi0 saM0 1582 meM kriyoddhAra kiyaa| kriyoddhAra ke pazcAt vi0 saM0 1583 meM ghora tapazcaraNa ke sAtha nimnalikhita 35 boloM athavA niyamoM kI ghoSaNA kI 1. guru kI AjJA se hI vihAra krnaa| 2. kevala vaNik jAti ke viraktoM ko hI zramaNa-zramaNI dharma meM dIkSita karanA / anya jAti ke logoM ko nahIM / 3. gItArtha kI nizrA meM mahAsati (sAdhvI) ko dIkSA dI jAya / 4. gurudeva dUra hoM tathA anya koI gItArtha muni pAsa meM hoM aura unake pAsa yadi koI virakta dIkSA lene ke lie Aye to usakI pUrI parIkSA lene ke pazcAt veSa parivartana karavAyA jAya aura vidhipUrvaka dIkSA gurudeva ke pAsa hI dilavAkara usako yogodvahana karavAyA jaay| 5. pATana meM gItArthoM kA samUha rhe| cAturmAsAvadhi meM dUsare nagaroM * meM 6-6 ThANA (saMkhyA) evaM gAMvoM meM 3-3 ThANA (saMkhyA) se cAtu__ masAvAsa kiyA jAya /
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________________ . [ 583 sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] tapAgaccha 6. guru mahArAja yadi dUra hoM to patra ke mAdhyama se cAturmAsAvAsa kI .. prAjJA gurudeva se prApta kI jAya / . 7. kisI sAdhu ko akele (ekAkI) vihAra nahIM karane diyA jAya / 8. yadi koI sAdhu ekAkI hI vihAra karatA huA pAe to use mAMDale paTTa para na biThAyA jaay| 6. doja, paMcamI, aSTamI, ekAdazI, caturdazI, amAvasyA aura pUNimA isa prakAra eka mAsa meM 12 dina taka bhikSA, gocarI meM vikRtiyAM (vigaya) na baharI jAe evaM ina tithiyoM ke dina upavAsa, prAcAmla, nIvI Adi kI yathAzakti tapasyA kI jaay| 10. tithi vRddhi kI avasthA meM eka dina vigaya grahaNa na kI jAya / 11. pAtroM para raMga rogana na kiyA jAya / 12. pAtroM ko kAlA-kalUTA rakkhA jAya / unheM AkarSaka athavA camakIlA na rakhA jAya / 13. yogodvahana ke binA AgamoM kA vAcana na kiyA jAya / 14. eka samAcArI vAle sAdhu yadi kisI samaya dUsare upAzraya meM raheM to . gItArtha ke pAsa upasthita ho unheM vandanA karane ke pazcAt zayyAntara kA ghara pUcha kara bhikSAcarI karanI caahiye| 15. eka dina meM ATha thuI (stuti) vAle deva kA eka bAra vandana kiyA jaay| 16. dina meM DhAI hajAra (zloka pramANa) svAdhyAya-dhyAna karanA caahiye| yadi itanA na bana par3e to kama se kama sau zloka pramAraNa svAdhyAya dhyAna avazyameva kiyA jAya / 17. vastra, pAtra, kambala Adi upakaraNa sAdhu svayaM vahana kare / kisI bhI gRhastha se unakA vahana na krvaae| 18. varSa bhara meM eka bAra hI vastra prakSAlana kiyA jAya, dUsarI bAra nhiiN| 16. pauzAla meM koI bhI sAdhu na jAya / / 20. pauzAla meM par3hane ke lie bhI na jAya / 21. kisI lekhaka ke pAsa se eka hajAra zloka pramANa se adhika kA Ale khana na karavAyA jAya / 22. dravya dekara kisI bhaTTa (brAhmaNa) ke pAsa koI (sAdhu) na pddh'e| 23. jisa gAMva meM cAturmAsAvAsa kiyA vahAM cAturmAsAvasAna ke anantara vastra grahaNa karanA sAdhu ke lie kalpanIya nhiiN|
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________________ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 24. akAla meM sajjhAya karane para prAcAmla kiyA jAya / 25. sadA (bArahoM mAsa) ekAzana kiyA jAya / 26. bele Adi ke pAraNe para gurudeva kI AjJAnusAra tapazcaraNa kiyA . jaay| 27. 'pariTThAvaNiyAgAreNaM' na kiyA jaay| 28. aSTamI, caturdazI aura zukla pakSa kI paMcamI ina pAMca tithiyoM meM upavAsa rakkhA jaay| 26. aSTamI aura caturdazI ke dina vihAra na kiyA jAya / 30. nIvI meM eka ( niviyAtAM thI (?) ) nIvI se adhika na liyA jaay| 31. 84 gacchoM ke sAdhuoM meM se kisI bhI sAdhu ko guru kI AjJA ke binA apane pAsa na rakkhA jAya / 32. guru ko binA pUche koI naI prarUpaNA, kisI naI samAcArI kA upadeza prArambha na kiyA jaay| 33. sadyaH nirmApita sthAna meM na rahA jaay| (navo nivAsasthAna na dhAravo) 34. korapAraNa vAlA vastra na liyA jAya / 35. kore vastra meM salavaTa DAle jAeM, eka dama navIna (nayA naTaMga) aboTa vastra gItArtha muni ko chor3a anya koI sAdhu apane kAma meM na le| isa prakAra 35 boloM kI ghoSaNA ke pazcAt 'Ananda vimalasUri' ne vibhinna kSetroM meM ghUma-ghUma kara lauMkAgaccha, kharataragaccha, kar3avAmata, bIjAmata Adi katipaya gacchoM ke viruddha pracAra karate hue tapAgaccha ko sudRr3ha zaktizAlI evaM lokapriya banAne kA abhiyAna prArambha kiyaa| kriyoddhAra ke pazcAt Ananda vimalasUri ne 14 varSa jaisI sudIrghAvadhi taka bele-bele kI tapasyA kii| . __ Ananda vimalasUri ke isa kaThora tapazcaraNa, ugra vihAra aura sthAna-sthAna para dharma pracAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa tapAgaccha eka zaktizAlI bahujanamAnya lokapriya saMgha ke rUpa meM udita huaa| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra Ananda vimalasUri kI prAjJA meM vicaraNa karane vAle sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA 1800 taka pahu~ca gaI thii| isake viparIta 1. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI pRSTha 211 paM. kalyANa vijayajI dvArA sampAdita
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] tapAgaccha 585. gacchoM meM pArasparika vidveSa kI agni prabala vega se bhar3aka uThI thI aura usa vidveSAgni meM AtmIyatA aura sneha ke sudRr3ha bandhana bhI TUTa rahe the| vividha paTTAvaliyoM ke ullekhoM se yaha AbhAsa hotA hai ki prAnanda vimalasUri ke prAcArya kAla meM bhI sAmpradAyika vidveSa bar3A ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara gayA thA aura vaha upAdhyAya dharma sAgara ke samaya ke sAmpradAyika vidveSa kI apekSA bhI adhika ghAtaka thaa| isa sambandha meM tapAgaccha paTTAvalI kA nimnalikhita ullekha vastutaH mananIya haiM : "divase divase gaccha mamatva badhatu jatu hA~ / kharatara temaja tapAgacchanA sAdhu vacce kadAgraha vadhI paDyo hato ane yena kena prakAreNa eka bIjA anya gacchIya sAdhuaono parAbhava karavA mAM rata rhetaa| kahevAya che ke prA mamatve evu jora pakaDyu ke tenA mada mAM kAryAkArya nu paNa bhAna na rhy| kharataragacchIya sAdhu e bhairava nI ArAdhanA karI tenAM dvArA tapAgacchIya lagabhaga 500 sAdhuno no saMhAra karAvyo / prA nirdaya samAcAra sAMbhalatAM ja aAnanda vimalasUri nuM mana khinna baNyu / tapAgacchanI sAra sambhAlano bojho potA ne sira hovA thI AvA kRtyo nI upekSA karI zakAya tema na htu| pote potA no pAlanapura tarapha vihAra lambAvI magaravAr3A nI jhAr3I mAM vAsa kryo| rAtrie dhyAnastha avasthA samaye maNi bhadra deva temanI samakSa prakaTa thayo bhane prAjJA pharamAvavAM jaNAvya / garu mahArAje kharataragacchIya yatiyo nAM julmo nI bAta kahI batAvI / tevA sitamo nu nivAraNa karavA nukaha yu| maNibhadre zAsana bhakti ne aMge te kathana svIkAyu paNa sAtho sAtha mAMgaNI karI ke tapAgaccha nA derAsaro te maja upAzrayo mAM mArI mUtti nI sthApanA karavAmAM Ave / guru e tenu vacana svIkAryu ne te vAta nI sAkSI rUpe pratyAre paNa keTalAka sthalo e maNibhadra nI mUtti nI sthApanA jovA mAM Ave che / '' bhairava kI sAdhanA kara tapAgaccha ke 500 sAdhanoM kI hatyA karavA diye jAne viSayaka yaha ullekha vastutaH vijJoM ke lie vicAraNIya hai| jJAna sambandhara aura appara kI preraNA se pANDya rAja evaM pallavarAja dvArA. 500-500 jaina saadhu| kI sAmUhika hatyA karavAye jAne ke ullekha to upalabdha hote haiM kintu daivI zakti ke mAdhyama se tapAgaccha ke 500 sAdhuoM kI hatyA karavA diye jAne kA isa prakAra kA ullekha jaina itihAsa meM anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| . isa sandarbha meM zAstroM meM varNita Ananda kAmadeva cullaNI piyA, zataka Adi dasa zrAvakoM ke sAdhanAvRtta, devoM dvArA unake samakSa upasthita kiye gaye ghora 1. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI pRSTha 206 se 210 paM. kalyANa vijayajI dvArA sampAdita
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________________ 586 / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 upasargoM ke uparAnta bhI unakI ekamAtra jinendradeva ke prati aTUTa AsthA ke sAthasAtha vIra nirvANa saM0 2052 se lekara vIra ni0 saM0 2066 ke bIca kI avadhi meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 56veM paTTadhara tapAgacchIya prAcArya Ananda vimalasUri dvArA derAsaroM evaM upAzrayoM meM maNibhadra vyantara kI mUttiyoM kI sthApanA sambandhI svIkRti kI ghaTanA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana satya ke jijJAsuoM ke lie bar3A hI rocaka siddha hogaa| uparivariNata sAmpradAyika vidveSa ke yuga meM bhI pArasparika sadbhAva ke kucha udAharaNa bhI jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha hote haiN| etadviSayaka tapAgaccha paTTAvalI kA nimnalikhita ullekha draSTavya hai : ".......... dAna prApatAM prApatAM eka turkI zakhsa sAthe kuvarajI seThanI bolAcAlI thaI / turkI sipAhIe sUrijI ne punaH phaMsAvavAnA irAdA thI pATha divasa bAda kotavAla pAse jai kAna bhameryA / kotavAle sitAba khAna ne bAta karI / khAne gusse thai surijI ne pakar3avA sipAhiyo mokalyA / sipAhiyo e jhaverIvAr3A meM AvI sUrijI ne pakaDyA / sipAhiyo sUrijI ne jyAre lei jAvA lAgyA tyAre rAghava nAma no gandharva ane zrI somasAgara vacce pddyaa| chevaTe hIra vijayasUri ne chor3AvyA ane sUrijI ughAr3e zarIre tyAMthI nAsI chUTyA / prA samaye devajI nAma nA lauMkA e temane Azraya prApyo hato / keTalAka divaso bAda A dhamAla zAnta par3I ane sUrijI punaH prakaTa paNe vihAra karavA lAgyA / ............" tapAgaccha kI paTTAvalI ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 58veM paTTadhara yahI hIravijayasUri mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka prAcArya hue| 'hIravijayasUri kI parama bhakta eka cAMpA nAma kI zrAvikA ne chaH mAsa ke upavAsa kA phatahapura sIkarI meM ugra tapa kiyaa| saMgha ne zrAvikA cAMpA kI isa tapazcaryA kI prabhAvanA ke upalakSya meM vividha vAdya-yantroM ke sAtha zobhA yAtrA (varaghor3A) nikAlI / bAdazAha akabara ne apane mahaloM se usa vizAla zobhA-yAtrA ke sundara dRzya ko dekhakara apane anucaroM se usa Ayojana ke sambandha meM pUchatAcha kii| jaba use vidita huA ki eka mahilA ne chaH mAsa kI nirAhAra tapasyA kI hai to bAdazAha akabara ne bar3e sammAna ke sAtha tapasvinI cAMpA ko rAjabhavana meM bulavA kara usakI usa AzcaryakAriNI tapasyA ke sambandha meM pUchA ki vaha isa prakAra kI adbhuta tapazcaryA kaise kara pAI ? jaba cAMpA ne uttara meM yaha kahA ki yaha saba mere pUjya gurudeva hIravijayasUri kA hI pratApa hai, to bAdazAha ke antaHkaraNa meM hIra 1. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, paM. kalyANa vijayajI dvArA sampAdita pRSTha saMkhyA 227
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] tapAgaccha [ 587 vijayasUri ke darzanoM kI utkaTa abhilASA utpanna huii| bAdazAha ne gujarAta ke prazAsaka zitAba khAna ke nAma pharamAna aura hIravijayasUri ke pAsa vinantipatra bhejakara hIravijayasUri ke darzanoM kI apanI Antarika icchA prakaTa kii| bAdazAha ke pharamAna ko dekhate hI gujarAta kA sUbedAra zitAba khAna sihara utthaa| hIravijayasUri ke sAtha usane jo aneka bAra durvyavahAra kiye the, usake lie usane sUrijI se punaH punaH kSamAyAcanA kii| hIravijayasUri gujarAta se vihAra kara phatahapura sIkarI phuNce| akabara ne unheM apane darabAra meM bar3e sammAna ke sAtha Amantrita kiyaa| hIravijayasUri ke upadezoM ko sunakara akabara bar3A prasanna huaa| sUrijI ke parAmarza ko mAnakara usane khAne ke lie ekatra kiye gaye aneka jAti ke hajAroM pakSiyoM ko piMjaroM se mukta kara diyaa| sUrijI ke upadeza se akabara ne jajiyA kara aura tIrtha-sthAnoM meM yAtriyoM se vasUla kiyA jAne vAlA 'mUDakA' kara banda kara diyaa| sUrijI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara akabara ne apane suvizAla sAmrAjya meM aneka bAra amAriyoM (abhayadAna) kI bhI ghoSaNAeM krvaaii| hindavA sUrya ke viruda se vibhUSita mahArANA pratApa ne bhI vi0 saM0 1635 kI Azvina zuklA paMcamI guruvAra ke dina hIravijayasUri kI sevA meM eka patra bhejakara unheM udayapura padhArane kI prArthanA kii| tatkAlIna mevAr3I bhASA meM mahArANA dvArA hIravijayasUri ko likhavAye gaye usa patra kI pratilipi nimna prakAra hai : "svasti zrI magasudA nagra mahAzubhasthAnai saraba aupamA lAgraMka bhaTTArakajI mahArAja zrI hIravijayasUri jI caraNa kamalAM aNe svasta zrI vajekaTaka cAuMDa rA DerA suthAne mahArAjAdhirAja zrI rANA pratApasiMha jI kI page lAgaNo bNcsii| aThArA samAcAra bhalA hai AparA sadA bhalA chaaije| Apa bar3A hai, pUjanIka hai, sadA karapA rAkhe jIsusasaha (zreSTha) rakhAvegA apraM Aparo patra araNA danA mhe prAyA nahIM so karapA kara lkhaavegaa| zrI bar3A hajara rI bagata padAravo havo jImeM aThAsU pAchA padAratA pAtasA akabrajI ne jenA bAda mhe grAnarA pratiboda dIdo jIro camatkAra moTo batAyA jIvahaMsA charakalI (cir3iyA) tathA nAma pakherU (pakSI) vetI so mApha karAi jIro moTo upagAra kido so zrI jaina rA dharma meM Apa asAhIja adotakArI abAra kI sai (samaya) dekhatAM Apa jU pherave nhIM prAvI pUrava hI hIdusasthAna atraveda gujarAta sudA cAru hasA mhe dharma ro bar3o pradotakAra dekhANo, jaThA pache Aparo padAraNo huvo nhIM so kAraNa kahI vegA padArasI Age su paTA pravAnA kAraNa rA dastura mAphaka Apre he jI mAphaka tolamurajAda sAmo prAvo sA bataregA zrI bar3A hajura rI bakhata prAprI murajAda sAmo AvA rI kasara par3I suNI so kAma kAraNa lekhe bhUla rahI vegA jIro aMdeso nahIM jaannegaa| Agesu zrI hemA AcArajI ne zrI rAmhe mAnyA he jIro paTo kara devAraNo ji mAphaka aro pagarA. bhaTArakha gAdI
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________________ 588 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pra AvegA to paTA mAphaka mAnyA jaavegaa| zrI hemAcArajI pelAM hI baDagaccha rA bhaTTArakhajI ne bar3A kAraNa su zrI rAja mhe mAnyAM ji mAphaka Apane AparA pagarA gAdI prapATahavI tapagaccha rA ne mAnyA jAvegArI suvAye deza mhe Apre gaccha ro devaro tathA upAsaro vegA jIro murajAda zrI rAjasu vA dujA gaccharA bhaTTArakha AvegA so raakhegaa| zrI samagoro samata 1635 rA varSa Asoja suda 5 guruvAra / " -tapAgaccha paTTAvalI kalyANa vijayajI mahArAja likhita, pRSTha saM 234 / hIravijayasUri vastutaH bar3e mRdubhASI guNagrAhI aura apane samaya ke mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya the / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra inake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara lauMkAgaccha ke meghajI RSi ne apane tIsa sAthI sAdhuoM ke sAtha lauMkAgaccha kA tyAga kara vi0 saM0 1628 meM tapAgaccha kI AmnAya svIkAra kii| hIravijayasUri ne inakA nAma udyotavijaya rkkhaa| bAdazAha akabara ke sAnnidhya meM rahane vAle nAgaura nivAsI jaitAzAha nAmaka jaina gRhastha ne bhI hIravijayasUri ke upadezoM se prabuddha ho unake pAsa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| hIravijayasUri ne unakA nAma jItavijaya rakkhA kintu loga unheM bAdazAhI yati ke nAma se hI abhihita kiyA karate the| jaitAzAha ko zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita karane kI ghaTanA se hIravijayasUri kA prabhAva dUra-dUra taka phailA / hIravijayasUri ke prAcAryakAla meM unake AjJAnuvartI sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga 2 hajAra aura sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA 3000 hone kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / / yaha vastutaH tapAgaccha kA svarNakAla thaa| tapAgaccha kI nimnalikhita 18 zAkhAoM kA ullekha eka padya meM isa rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai : bijai 1, vimala 2, ruci 3, sAra 4, harSa 5, sundara 6, saubhAgI 7 / kIrata 8, dharama 6, udAra 10, kuzala prabha 11, haMsa 12, surAgI 13 / / nanda 14, sAgara 15, canda 16, soma 17, varddhana 18 adhikAI / tapagaccha sAkha aThAraha, e RSa saba hI bhAI / / 1 / / zrI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI paMnyAsa kalyANa vijayajI dvArA sampAdita, pRSTha saMkhyA 235-236 /
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________________ janma zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 55veM paTTadhara A. zrI jIvarAja jI mahArAja vIra ni0 saM0 1706 dIkSA 1722 AcAryapada 1758 svargArohaNa 1776 gRhavAsa paryAya 13 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 36 varSa AcArya paryAya 21 varSa pUrNa saMyama paryAya 57 varSa pUrNa Ayu 70 varSa prAcAryazrI mahAsena ke svargastha ho jAne para vIra ni0 saM0 1758 meM caturvidha saMgha ne munizrI jIvarAja jI ko prAcAryapada ke sarvathA suyogya samajhakara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vizuddha mUla paramparA ke 55veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada para AsIna kiyaa| ___ Apane apane 21 varSa kI prAcArya-paryAya aura 57 varSa kI pUrNa saMyama paryAya meM dharma ke vAstavika mUla svarUpa ko yathAvasthita rUpa meM akSuNNa banAye rakkhA / Apake samaya meM cAroM ora zithilAcAra kA prAbalya hote hue bhI Apane apane anuyAyI sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga ko bAhyADambara vihIna Agama sammata, vizuddha mUla patha para gatizIla banAye rakkhA / antatogatvA Apane vIra ni. saM. 1776 meM vizuddha bhAva se AlocanA-saMlekhanA-saMthArApUrvaka samAdhistha ho 70 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara svargArohaNa kiyaa| recroromo
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________________ janma dIkSA zramaraNa bha. mahAvIra ke 56 veM paTTadhara zrA. zrI gajasena AcAryapada svargArohaNa gRhavAsa paryAya sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya AcArya paryAya pUrNa saMyama paryAya pUrNa Ayu vIra ni0 saM0 1721 1744 1776 1806 23 varSa 35 varSa 27 varSa 62 varSa 85 varSa 23 37 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla paramparA ke 55veM AcAryazrI jIvarAja jI ke samAdhipUrvaka vIra ni. saM. 1779 meM svargastha ho jAne ke anantara caturvidha dharma saMgha ne zramaraNazreSTha zrAgamamarmajJa zrI gajasena muni ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 56veM paTTadhara AcAryapada para adhiSThita kiyA / 11 Apane apane 35 varSa kI sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya meM AgamoM kA talasparzI adhyayana karate hue, vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha zramaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUla (paramparA) adhyAtma parAyaNA bhAva paramparA kA vibhinna kSetroM meM pracAra-prasAra kiyA / vIra ni. saM. 1779 meM prAcAryapada para AsIna hone ke pazcAt prApane apane zramaraNa-zramaNI varga ko zAstroM kA talasparzI jJAna karavAyA aura zrAvakazrAvikA saMgha ko vrata - niyama - pratyAkhyAna, svAdhyAya, supAtra - dAna, abhaya-dAna Adi kI preraNA dekara jinazAsana kI mahimA ko bar3hAyA / 85 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara 'Apane vIra ni. saM. 1806 meM samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyA /
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________________ - ikatAlIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya revatImitra janma vIra ni0 saM0 1737 dIkSA 1746 sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 1746 se 1762 yugapradhAnAcArya kAla 1762 se 1840 gRhastha paryAya 6 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya 16 varSa yugapradhAnAcArya paryAya 78 varSa svarga vIra ni0 saM0 1840 sarvAyu 103 varSa cAlIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI zIlamitra ke svargastha hone para zramaNottama revatImitra ko unakI 25 varSa jaisI yuvA vaya meM yugapradhAnAcArya ke mahAmahima pada para adhiSThita kiyA gyaa| Apane 78 varSa taka jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kI aura vIra ni0 saM0 1840 meM Apane samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| -: :
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________________ bha0 mahAvIra ke 56veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI gajasena ke prAcAryakAla kA mahAn jinazAsana-prabhAvaka zrAvaka jagar3a zAha zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 56 veM paTTadhara AcArya gajasena (vIra ni0 saM0 1776-1806) ke prAcAryakAla evaM 41veM yuga pradhAnAcArya revati mitra (vIra ni0 saM0 1762-1840) ke yugapradhAnAcAryakAla meM jagar3a zAha nAmaka eka mahAdAnI evaM jinazAsana prabhAvaka zreSThi ziromaNI zrAvaka huA, jisane vikrama samvat 1315-17, tadnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1785-87 meM par3e dezavyApI bhISaNa trivArSika duSkAla ke samaya deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM 112 sattrAgAra (bhojanazAlAeM) khola kara tathA apane vizAla dhAnyAgAroM ko akAlagrasta jana-sAdhAraNa ke lie dAna kara mAnavatA kI abhUtapUrva sevA kii| mahAdAnI evaM mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka mAnava sevI jagar3a zAha kI yazogAthAeM prAja bhI deza ke kone-kone meM gAI jAtI haiN| mahAdAnI jagar3a zAha ne apane jIvanakAla meM mAnavatA kI jo ullekhanIya mahatI sevA kI, usakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : pAMcAla pradeza ke zrRMgAra svarUpa bhadrezvara nAmaka grAma meM zAha solA-sAlaga nAmaka eka zrImAlI jAtIya pramukha vyApArI rahatA thaa| vaha jinazAsana ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA rakhane vAlA zraddhAlu zramaNopAsaka thaa| zAha solA ke jagar3a nAmaka eka putra thA / jagar3a zAha kI gaNanA pramukha zrAtakoM meM kI jAtI thI / apane vyavasAya meM vyasta hone ke upanta bhI jagar3a zAha pratidina niyamita rUpa se sAmAyika pratikramaNa Adi dharma sAdhanA kiyA karatA thaa| eka dina eka jainAcArya apane ziSyoM ke sAtha bhadrezvara meM Aye / zAha jagar3a ne bar3I hI zraddhA-niSThA ke sAtha zramaNa varga kI sevA-upAsanA kii| usane upAzraya meM zramaNoM kI sevA meM upasthita ho kisI parva tithi ke dina pauSadha vrata kiyaa| rAtri meM pratikramaNa Adi Avazyaka dhArmika kriyAoM se nivRtta hone ke anantara mauna dhAraNa kiyA huA jagar3a zAha upAzraya meM eka ora baiTha kara paMca parameSThi namaskAra mantra kA smaraNa karane lgaa| eka prahara rAtri ke vyatIta hone para upAzraya meM baiThe hue eka zramaNa kI dRSTi anAyAsa hI AkAza meM graha-nakSatroM kI aora pdd'ii| usane dekhA ki candramA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jar3a zAha [ 563 - rohiNI - zakaTa kA bhedana kara rahA hai| usane dUsare sAdhuoM ko bhI yaha dRzya dikhAyA / una sAdhuoM ko bar3A Azcarya huA / unhoMne apane guru kI sevA meM upasthita ho nivedana kiyA -- "bhagavan ! Aja isa samaya candra rohiNI - za -zakaTa kA bhedana kara rahA hai|" ziSyoM kI isa sUcanA para guru ne bhI dekhA ki vastutaH candra rohiNI - zakaTa kA bhedana kara rahA thA / guru ne apane ziSyoM se pUchA - "yahAM apane Asa-pAsa tuma logoM ke atirikta anya koI to upasthita nahIM hai ?" idhara-udhara dekhakara ziSyoM ne uttara diyA- "nahIM, bhagavan ! yahAM apane pAsa anya koI upasthita nahIM hai / " upAzraya meM vyApta andhakAra ke kAraNa ve sAdhu pAsa hI eka stambha kI oTa meM baiThe jagar3a zAha ko nahIM dekha pAye the / ziSyagaraNa ke uttara se prAzvasta ho guru ne kahA - " candra dvArA rohiNIzakaTa kA bhedana isa aniSTa kI pUrva sUcanA de rahA hai ki samvat (vi0 saM0) 1315 meM deza-vyApI eka prati bhISaraNa tri- vArSika durbhikSa par3egA / " ziSyagaraNa ne pUchA - "bhagavan ! usa bhAvI saMkrAntikAla meM logoM kA uddhAra karane vAlA koI hai ki nahIM ?" guru ne apane ziSyoM ko Azvasta karate hue kahA - "adRzya zakti ne hameM pahale hI batA diyA hai ki jagar3a zAha usa dezavyApI bhISaNa saMkaTa ke samaya deza - vAsiyoM kA uddhAra karegA, dIna duHkhI jIvoM kI prAraNarakSA karegA / " ziSyavarga ne sazaMka svara meM prazna kiyA - "bhagavan ! jagar3a zAha ke pAsa itanA dhana kahAM hai, jisase ki vaha duSkAla pIr3ita koTi-koTi logoM kI jaTharAgni ko zAnta kara unakI prANarakSA karane meM sakSama hogA ?" guru ne kahA - "jagar3a ke ghara ke pIche bAr3A hai / bAr3e meM eka Aka kA per3a hai / usa Aka ke nIce tIna karor3a svarNa mudrAeM gar3I par3I haiM / guru ziSyoM ke bIca hue isa vArtAlApa ko suna kara jagar3a zAha ne mana hI mana cintana kiyA - "aho ! merA bar3A saubhAgya hai ki guru ke mukhAravinda se maiM apane sambandha meM isa prakAra kI bAteM suna rahA hUM / " vaha rAta bhara mauna dhAraNa kiye, upAzraya meM dharmArAdhana karatA rahA / prAtaH kAla vaha apane ghara prAyA / upavAsa ke pAraNa ke anantara svayaM usane Aka ke nIce bhUmi ko khodA to rAtri meM gurumukha jaisA sunA thA, vaha pUrNataH satya siddha huA / tIna karor3a svarNa mudrAeM prApta ho jAne para jagar3a zAha ke antarmana meM pracura mAtrA meM dhAnya ke kraya evaM saMgraha karane kI tIvra AkAMkSA utpanna huI / apane saMkalpa ke anusAra usane deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM kI maNDiyoM meM dhAnya kA kraya evaM saMgraha karanA prArambha kara diyA /
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________________ 564 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 idhara malAbAra meM jagar3a zAha ke munImoM ne jahAM anAja kA godAma banAyA vahAM dhAnya ke anya vyApAriyoM ke bhI godAma the| jagar3a zAha ke bakhAra arthAt godAma aura eka anya vyApArI ke godAma ke bIca meM eka pASANa zilA par3I huI thI / usa zilA para una donoM godAmoM ke munIma prAtaHkAla baiTha kara dAMtuna kiyA karate the| eka dina prAtaHkAla aisA saMyoga banA ki donoM godAmoM ke munIma dAtuna karane ke lie usa zilA ke pAsa eka sAtha hI phuNce| vaha zilA itanI hI bar3I thI ki usa para kevala eka AdamI hI baiThakara dAMtuna kara sakatA thA, do AdamI eka sAtha nhiiN| zilA ke pAsa pahuMcate hI ve donoM munIma eka dUsare se kahane lage- "maiM pahale isa zilA para baiTha kara dAMtuna kruuNgaa|" isa prakAra, "pahale maiM, pahale maiM" kahate-kahate jagar3a zAha ke munIma aura dUsare vyApArI ke munIma meM paraspara vivAda ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara gyaa| rAjakarmacAriyoM ne unheM samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA para una donoM meM se koI bhI apane haTha ko chor3ane ke lie rAjI nahIM huaa| donoM munImoM ko haTha para DaTA dekha rAjyAdhikArI ne kahA-"pApa donoM meM se jo vyakti rAjA ko 600 sparddhaka (prAcIna kAla meM pracalita eka prakAra kA sikkA jo dramma se bar3A hotA thA) degA, vahI isa zilA para pahale baiTha kara dAMtuna kregaa| rAjyAdhikArI dvArA rakhI gaI zarta ko sunate hI donoM munIma 600 sparddhaka dene ke liye tatkAla taiyAra ho gye| dUsare vyApArI ke munIma ne kahA- "maiM 700 sparddhaka duuNgaa|" jagar3a zAha ke munIma ne kahA- "maiM 800 sparddhaka duuNgaa|" aba to donoM vyApAriyoM ke munImoM meM paraspara hor3a sI bada gaI, donoM hI eka dUsare se bar3ha-bar3ha kara dhanarAzi dene kI bAta kahane lge| donoM hI munIma apaneapane zreSThi ke bar3appana kI bAta logoM ke mAnasa meM jamAne para tule hue the / ar3osapar3osa ke vyApAriyoM ke munImoM evaM karmacAriyoM kA jamaghaTa-sA vahAM laga gyaa| donoM munIma apane-apane zreSThi kI hInatA prakaTa nahIM hone denA cAhate the / ve nirantara eka dUsare se bar3ha kara dhanarAzi dene kI bada-bada kara bar3e garva ke sAtha ucca evaM ugra svara meM ghoSaNA karane lage / antatogatvA jagar3a zAha ke munIma ne dhanarAzi ko ekadama bar3hAte hue ghoSaNA kI ki vaha rAjA ko 2500 sparddhaka degA / dUsare vyApArI ke munIma ko aba isase Age dhanarAzi dene kA sAhasa nahIM huA aura rAjyAdhikAriyoM ne 2500 sparddhaka jagar3a zAha ke munIma se lekara tatkAla vaha zilA sadA ke lie jagar3a zAha ke svAmitva meM adhikAra meM munIma ko samhalAte hue usa para jagar3a zAha kA adhikAra ghoSita kara diyA / jagar3a zAha ke munIma ne upasthita janasamUha ke samakSa usa zilA para usI samaya baiTha kara garvAnubhUti karate hue dAMtuna kiyaa| jagar3a zAha ke Ane para munIma ne use zilA sambandhI pUrA vivaraNa sunaayaa| usase jagar3a zAha bar3A prasanna huA aura usane apane munIma kI pITha thapathapA kara
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jagar3a zAha [ 565 sarAhanA karate hue kahA- "dhanyavAda ! tumane bahuta acchA kiyA, jo isa kSetra meM mere hitoM kI rakSA kI / usI kSaNa jagar3a zAha ne usa pASANazilA ko uThavA kara apane nivAsa sthAna para rakhavA diyA aura pratidina prAtaHkAla usa zilA para baiTha kara datauna karane lgaa| eka dina madhyAhna velA meM jagar3a zAha bhojana karane ke lie baiThA hI thA ki eka yogI usake dvAra para AyA / zAha ne apanI bhAryA se kahA-"dharmiSThe ! eka puruSa pUrNataH tRpta ho jAya, utanI jalebI ina yogirAja ko de do|" zAhapatnI jalebI se paripUrNa thAla lekara dvAra para upasthita yogI ke samakSa gaI aura usase vaha jalebI bharA thAla lene ke lie abhyarthanA karane lagI kintu yogI ne ve jalebiyAM nahIM lIM aura dvAra para pUrvavat khar3A rahA / gRhasvAminI ne jagar3a zAha se nivedana kiyA ki ye yogirAja jalebiyAM nahIM le rahe haiM / isa para jagar3a zAha ne patnI se kahA-"acchA to sarale ! inheM imaratI (vartu likA) se bharA cAMdI kA thAla do|" zAhapatnI ne tatkAla apane pati ke Adeza kA pAlana karate hue eka bhArI bharakama cAMdI kA thAla imaratiyoM se bhara kara usa yogI ko sAdara pradAna kiyaa| isase yogI pUrNata: santuSTa huA aura bolA- "he mahAdAnI ! maiM tumhArI parIkSA ke lie hI pRthvI para bhikSArtha bhramaNa karane AyA huuN| sacce dAnI ko dekhane kI abhilASA se maiM vigata 6 mahInoM se bhikSArtha bhramaNa kara rahA hUM kintu mujhe anya koI dAnI dRSTigata nahIM huA / saMsAra kA uddhAra karane meM sakSama tumheM Aja dekha kara mujhe parama santoSa huA hai / vastutaH tuma sacce dAnI ho aura abhAvagrasta saMsAra kA uddhAra karane meM sakSama ho|" jagar3a zAha ne yogI kI ora jijJAsA bharI dRSTi DAlate hue kahA"yogina ! mere pAsa itanA dhana kahAM hai ?" "zreSThivara ! tumhAre pAsa jo yaha pASANazilA hai, yaha vastutaH akSaya dravyamayI hai|" yaha kaha kara yogI maunastha ho usa pASANazilA kI ora ninimeSa dRSTi se dekhatA rhaa|" ___ yogI ko dene yogya vastrAdi lene jagaDa zAha zIghratApUrvaka apane ghara ka eka kakSa meM gayA aura katipaya vastueM lekara tatkAla dvAra kI ora lauTA parantu usane dekhA ki vaha yogI dvAra ke Asa-pAsa kahIM nahIM hai| yogI kI tatkAla cAroM ora dUra-dUra taka talAza karavAI gaI, kintu vaha kahIM nahIM milA / jagar3a zAha ne samajha liyA ki vaha koI yogI nahIM apitu usakA pUrva janma kA koI snehI svajana thA, 'jo use puNya evaM yaza ke upArjana kA upAya batAne athavA avasara pradAna karane AyA thaa|
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________________ 566 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 tadanantara jagar3a zAha ne usa pASANazilA ko bar3e dhyAna se dekhanA prArambha kiyaa| bar3I dera taka sUkSma dRSTi se dekhate rahane ke pazcAt use zilA meM eka sthAna para saMdhi kI AzaMkA huI / zaMkAspada sthAna para pAnI DAlane se use pratIta huA ki usa zilA meM eka sthAna para bar3e hI kalApUrNa DhaMga se aisI kArI lagAI huI hai, jisako sahaja hI koI jJAta nahIM kara sktaa| zAha jagar3a ne sAvadhAnIpUrvaka bar3e hI kauzala ke sAtha zilA meM lagI usa kArI ko bar3I kaThinAI se kholA to yaha dekhakara usake Azcarya aura Ananda kA pArAvAra na rahA ki usa zilA ke andara na kevala eka apitu pAMca sparza-pASANa arthAt pArasa rakhe hue haiM, jinake sparza mAtra se lohA svarNa ho jAtA hai| jagar3a zAha ne parIkSA ke liye pAsa hI rakhe anAja tolane ke eka bhArI se bhArI loha ke bATa kA pArasa se sparza kiyA to tatkAla vaha maNoM bhAra kA lauha-bATa vizuddhatama svarNa kA ho gyaa| aba to jagar3a zAha ko dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki usake gurudeva ne usake pauSadha kI rAtri meM usake sambandha meM aura durbhikSa ke sambandha meM apane ziSyoM se jo kucha kahA thA, vaha akSarazaH satya siddha hogA / jagar3a zAha ne tatkAla bhAvI bhISaNa dubhikSa se sampUrNa dezavAsiyoM kI rakSA karane hetu pracuratama mAtrA meM dhAnya saMgraha karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| tadanantara apane saMkalpa ko kAryarUpa meM pariNata karate hue jagar3a zAha ne sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM mUnImoM aura karmacAriyoM ko deza ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM adhikAdhika dhAnya saMgraha ke liye niyukta kara sarvatra vizAla anAja bhaNDAroM kA saMgraha karanA prArambha kara diyA / mAnava sevA kI utkaTa bhAvanA se ota-prota jagar3a zAha ne apane dRr3ha saMkalpa ko pUrNa karane kA aharniza prayAsa karate-karate durbhikSa ke prArambha hone se eka varSa pUrva hI AzaMkA se bhI adhika dIrghakAlIna dubhikSa kI sthiti meM bhI bhUkha ke kAraNa kisI manuSya kI mRtyu na hone pAve, itane dhAnya bhaNDAroM kA saMgraha kara liyaa| jaisIki candra dvArA rohiNI-zakaTa-bhaMjana se aAzaMkA kI gaI thI, vi0 saM0 1315 meM sampUrNa deza meM bar3A hI bhISaNa duSkAla pdd'aa| dezavAsiyoM kI durbhikSa se rakSA karane hetu zAha jagar3a ne dillI, stambhanapura, dhavalakka, anahillapurapattana Adi aneka nagaroM meM 112 sattrAgAra mAnavamAtra ke liye tatkAla prArambha karavA diye / una sattrAgAroM meM binA kisI prakAra ke bheda-bhAva ke sabhI logoM ko ghRtayukta yathepsita susvAdu bhojana diyA jAne lgaa| udvelita sAgara ke jalaughoM ke samAna logoM ke vizAla samUha una dAnazAlAoM, bhojanazAlAoM kI ora umar3a par3e aura una bhojanazAlAoM meM Akara durbhikSakAla meM apanA aura apane parivAra kA bharaNa-poSaNa karane lage / sudIrghAvadhi ke usa dubhikSakAla meM pratidina prAtaH sAyaM yahI krama nirantara calatA rhaa| ina bhojanazAlAoM ke atirikta jagar3a zAha ne suratrANa (sambhavataH alAuddIna khilajI) ko 21 hajAra mUDhaka arthAt 21 lAkha maNa (100 mana kA eka mUDhaka), mahArAjA bIsaladeva ko 8 hajAra mUDhaka arthAt
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jagar3a zAha [ 567 8 lAkha mana, mahArAjA hammIra ko 12 hajAra mUDhaka arthAt 12 lAkha mana' aura anyAnya rAjAoM ko unakI prajA evaM senA Adi ke jIvana-nirvAha ke lie agaNita mUDhaka anAja ke bhaNDAra pradAna kiye| eka bhI dezavAsI bhUkhA na rahe, isake liye isa prakAra kI samucita vyavasthA kara dene ke uparAnta bhI sudUrastha pradezoM ke rAjAoM, zreSThiyoM, janaseviyoM Adi ne apane yahAM ke logoM ke liye samaya-samaya para jitane anAja kI mAMga kI jagar3a zAha ne unakI mAMga ke anusAra pracura mAtrA meM dhAnyarAziyAM pradAna kii| pUrva se pazcima aura uttara se dakSiNa, sampUrNa deza ke isa chora se usa chora taka prAtaH sAyaM-donoM samaya bhara-peTa sarasa bhojana pAkara koTi-koTi kaNTha aharniza jagar3a zAha ko yazogAthAeM gAne lge| pratidina donoM samaya ghRtayukta sarasa-svAdu bhojana se tRpta huI karor3oM logoM kI bAteM jagar3a zAha ko anekAneka AzISaM detiiN| isa prakAra bhUkhoM ko bhojana dene kI samucita vyavasthA kara dene ke sAthasAtha jagar3a zAha ne eka viziSTa prakAra kI dAnazAlA meM dAna denA bhI prArambha kara diyaa| pratiSThita parivAroM aura sambhrAMta kuloM meM utpanna jo loga jagar3a zAha dvArA nitya niyamita rUpa se calAye jAne vAle sattrAgAroM meM jAne aura vahAM bhojana karane meM lajjA kA anubhava karate the, una logoM ko bhI durbhikSakAla meM kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na ho, isa abhilASA se jagar3a zAha ne usa dAnazAlA meM parde ke pIche baiThakara pratidina prAtaHkAla dAna denA prArambha kiyA / kulIna aura prajA ke pratiSThita vargoM ke loga usa dAnazAlA meM Ate aura parde ke andara apanA hAtha pasArate / parde ke andara baiThA jagar3a zAha hAtha ko dekhate hI usa para usake bhAgyAnusAra svarNa athavA rajata kI paryApta mudrAeM rakha detaa| isa anUThe guptadAna kI mahimA sunakara aNahillapura paTTaNapati gurjararAja bIsaladeva ne mana hI mana jagar3a zAha kI parIkSA lene kI ThAnI / eka dina prAtaHkAla bIsaladeva veSa badalakara jagar3a zAha kI dAnazAlA meM pahuMcA aura usane parde ke andara apanA dakSiNa hAtha DAlakara pasAra diyaa| tapAye hue tAmra ke samAna varNa vAle kaThora hAtha meM anupama bhAgya, lakSmI vidyA, kIti, sukha, samRddhi, aizvarya Adi kI sUcaka hastarekhAoM evaM zubha lakSaNoM para dRSTi par3ate hI jagar3a zAha ne samajha liyA ki yaha koI na koI rAjA hai aura kisI kAraNavaza isa prakAra kI avasthA ko prApta ho gayA hai| "isako aisI mUlyavAn 1. aTThaya mUDa sahassA bIsaladevassa bAra hammIre / , igavIsa ya suratrANe, dubbhikkhe jagaDU sAhuNA diNNA / / -upadeza taMragiraNI
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________________ 568 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vastu daM, jisase yaha jIvana bhara sukhI rahe, aizvarya ke sAtha apanA jIvana bitAye"mana meM isa prakAra vicAra kara jagar3a zAha ne apanI aMgulI kI bahumUlya ratnajaTita svarNamudrikA utAra kara bIsaladeva ke karatala para rakha dii| alabhya, adbhut evaM anamola ratna ko dekhate hI bIsaladeva ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra na rhaa| kSaNa bhara stabdha raha kutUhalavazAt tatkSaNa usane apanA vAma hasta bhI parde ke andara zAha ke samakSa pasAra diyaa| jagar3a zAha ne tatkSaNa apanI usI prakAra kI dUsarI hIrakamudrikA bhI utAra kara apane samakSa pasAre gaye usake vAma karatala para rakha dii| donoM ratnajaTita mudrikAeM lekara bIsaladeva apane rAjaprAsAda kI ora lauTa gyaa| dUsare dina bIsaladeva ne jagar3a zAha ko pUre sammAna ke sAtha rAjyasabhA meM Amantrita kara usakA bar3A sammAna kiyaa| rAjA bIsaladeva ne rAjasabhA ke sabhAsadoM ke samakSa jagar3a zAha kI dAnavIratA kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA karate hue kahA-"zAha ! vastutaH tuma mAM vasundharA ke zRgAra aura sabake sammAnanIya-vandanIya ho, ataH bhaviSya meM kabhI prajAjanoM ke samAna tuma mujhe namana na kroge| tadanantara mahArAjA bIsaladeva ne haThapUrvaka usakI donoM aMguliyoM meM ve donoM ratnajaTita svarNamudrikAeM pahanA dIM aura hAthI ke haude para biThA kara use usake ghara ko vidA kiyaa| jagar3a zAha ne durbhikSakAla meM sthAna-sthAna para bhojana kI aisI samucita vyavasthA kI ki sampUrNa deza meM eka bhI vyakti ko durbhikSa ke kAraNa bhUkha kI pIr3A kA anubhava nahIM huaa| durbhikSa ke samApta hone ke uparAnta bhI jagar3a zAha jIvana bhara tana, mana aura dhana se janakalyANakArI kAryoM meM pragAr3ha abhiruci letA rahA / isa prakAra jagar3a zAha zramaNopAsaka ne jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kara jaina samAja kI pratiSThA meM cAra-cAMda lagA diye|
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________________ bar3agaccha (vRhadgaccha) tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke 35veM paTTadhara udyotanasUri pUrvI bhArata se arbudAcala kI yAtrArtha vihAra karate hue vIra ni0 saM0 1464 meM eka dina arbudAcala kI talahaTI meM avasthita TelIgrAma kI sImA meM pahuMce / divasakA avasAna hone hI vAlA thA ataH ve vana meM hI apane ziSya parivAra ke sAtha eka prati vistIrNa evaM vizAla vaTa vRkSa ke nIce Thahara gaye / rAtri - kAlIna pratikramaNa, dhyAna, svAdhyAya Adi Avazyaka dhArmika kriyAoM se nivRtta hone ke anantara madhya rAtri meM udyotanasUri ne dekhA ki AkAza meM rohiNI zakaTa ke madhya meM vRhaspati praveza kara rahA hai / unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko nakSatroM kI isa prakAra kI gati kA bodha karAte hue kahA :- "yaha aisA zubha muhUrtta hai ki isa samaya yadi kisI ke mastaka para hAtha rakhakara usakA kisI pada para abhiSeka kara diyA jAya to vaha digdiganta meM cirasthAyinI kIrti kA bhAgI bane / " yaha sunate hI unake ziSyoM ne kahA :- - "bhagavan ! zrApa hama para hI kRpA kIjiye / hama saba Apake caraNa caMcarIka dAsa haiM / " udyotanasUri ne tatkAla sarvadeva muni Adi prATha ziSyoM ko apanA uttarAdhikArI banA unheM prAcArya pada para abhiSikta kiyaa| eka mAnyatA yaha bhI hai ki udyotanasUri ne usa samaya kevala apane paTTa ziSya sarvadevasUri ko prAcAryapada pradAna kiyA / vaTa-vRkSa ke nIce apane ziSyoM ko sUripada pradAna kiyA gayA thA isa kAraNa usa gaccha kA nAma "vaTagaccha" ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha ho gayA / isa gaccha meM udyotanasUri ke asAdhAraNa pratibhA sampanna evaM jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi guNoM ko vizeSa rUpa se dhAraNa karane vAlI ziSya santati ke kAraNa tathA isa gaccha ke prati vizAla rUpa dhara lene ke pariNAmasvarUpa isa gaccha ko 'vRhadgaccha' ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAne lagA / isa prakAra zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha kA pAMcavAM nAma vaTagaccha athavA vRhadgaccha, vikrama samvat 964 tadanusAra vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1464 meM, loka meM prasiddha huA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke vIra nirvANa samvat 1 se lekara vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1464 taka eka hajAra cAra sau causaTha varSa taka kI avadhi meM jina-jina AcAryoM ke kAla meM jisa-jisa samaya ye pAMca nAma loka vizruta hue usakA lekhA-jokhA nimna prakAra hai -:
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 1. vIra nirvANa samvat 216 kI avadhi taka arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara Arya sudharmAsvAmI se lekara dasaveM paTTadhara AcArya suhasti ke prAcAryakAla taka janasaMgha kA nAma nirgrantha athavA araNagAragaccha ke nAma se loka meM pracalita rhaa| 2. Arya suhasti ke vIra-nirvANa samvat 291 meM svargastha ho jAne para unake paTTadhara Arya susthita aura supratibuddha (gaNAcArya) ke prAcAryakAla meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha kA nAma kauTikagaNa ke nAma se loka vizruta huaa| ina donoM prAcAryoM ne eka karor3a bAra sUri mantra kA jApa kiyA thaa| isa kAraNa kahA jAtA hai ki eka koTi bAra sUri mantra ke jApa ke pariNAmasvarUpa unake gaNa kA nAma kauTika garaNa prasiddha huaa| __isa sambandha meM dUsarI mAnyatA yaha bhI hai ki Arya sUsthita aura supratibaddha kramazaH kauTika aura kAkandika nagarI meM utpanna hue the aura susthita apane sahayogI prAcArya supratibuddha se Ayu evaM dIkSA meM bar3e the, ataH Arya susthita ke gRhastha jIvana ke nivAsa sthAna kauTika nagara ke nAma para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha kA nAma kauTikasaMgha-kauTikagaraNa athavA kauTikagaccha loka meM pracalita huaa| yaha dUsarA nAma kauTika vIra nirvANa samvat 261 se lekara vIra nirvANa samvat 611 taka loka meM pracalita rhaa| 3. vIra nirvANa samvat 611 meM candrasUri ke nAma para bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha candragaccha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| 4. vIra nirvANa samvat 643 meM prAcArya candrasUri ke paTTadhara sAmantabhadra ke samaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kA nAma vanavAsIgaccha prasiddha huA / prAcArya candrasUri ke paTTadhara AcArya sAmantabhadrasUri kA antarmana vastutaH pUrNa virakti ke pragADha raMga meM raMgA huA thaa| ve zUnya devAyatanoM, maThoM evaM vanoM meM hI nivAsa karate the isa kAraNa inake gaccha kA nAma vanavAsI ke nAma se lokapriya huaa| isa sambandha meM tapAgaccha paTTAvalI kA nimnalikhita ullekha draSTavya hai : "16. sAmantabhaddatti, zrIcandrasUri paTTe SoDazaHzrI sAmantabhadrasUriH / sa ca pUrvagatazrutavizArado vairAgyanidhinirmamatayA devakulavanAdisvapyavasthAnAt loke vanavAsItyuktastasmAccaturtha nAma vanavAsIti prAdurbhUtam / " isa prakAra vIra nirvANa samvat 643 se vIra nirvANa samvat 1464 taka zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kA nAma vanavAsI saMgha gaNa athavA gaccha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha rahA /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] bar3agaccha [ 601 5. jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1464 meM udyotanasUri ke paTTaziSya zrI sarvadevasUri ke samaya meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kA nAma vaTagaccha - vaTagaraNa athavA vRhad gaccha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddhi ko prApta huA / zrI udyotanasUri ke sambandha meM eka mAnyatA yaha bhI pracalita hai ki ve vanavAsI gaccha ke ziSya santativihIna kintu apane samaya ke ucca koTi ke Agama niSNAta AcArya the / vibhinna 83 gacchoM ke AcAryoM (jo sambhavataH caityavAsI paramparA ke AcArya ho sakate haiM ) ne apane-apane eka-eka ziSya ko AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta karane ke lie vanavAsI gaccha ke AcArya zrI udyotanasUri ke pAsa bhejA / usI samaya caityavAsI paramparA ke abohara caitya ke maThAdhIza jinacandrasUri ke ziSya varddhamAnasUri ne kriyoddhAra kara caityavAsI paramparA kA parityAga kara diyA aura vaha kisI mahAn tyAgI vizuddha cAritraniSTha grAgama marmajJa guru kI khoja meM aneka pradezoM meM bhramaraNa karatA huA udyotanasUri ke pAsa AyA | udyotanasUri ko AgamAnusArI vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke prati pUrNaniSTha karmaTha evaM AgamoM meM niSNAta dekhakara varddhamAna muni unakA ziSya bana gayA aura anya vibhinna 83 gacchoM ke muniyoM ke sAtha vaha bhI prAcArya udyotanasUri se AgamoM kA jJAna prApta karane lagA / vihAra krama se apane 84 zikSArthiyoM ke sAtha aneka kSetroM meM bhramaraNa karate hue vanavAsI prAcArya udyotanasUri TelI grAma kI sImA meM pahu~ce / dina kA avasAna sannikaTa dekha unhoMne eka ati vizAla evaM vistIrNa vaTa-vRkSa ke nIce baiTha kara dharmArAdhana karanA prArambha kara diyA / madhyarAtri meM unhoMne dekhA ki vRhaspati rohiNI zakaTa ke madhya meM praveza kara rahA hai / unhoMne apane vidyArthiyoM se kahA"yaha eka aisA zubha muhUrtta hai ki isameM yadi kisI kI kisI pada para sthApanA kara dI jAya to usakI yazokIrti evaM santati apratyAzita vRddhi ko prApta ho evaM cirakAla taka yazasvI rahe / " sabhI ziSyoM ne evaM zikSArthI muniyoM ne kahA :- "svAmin ! hama Apake ziSya haiM / kRpA kara Apa hamAre mastaka para apanA varadahasta rakha dIjiye aura padasthApanA kara dIjiye / " udyotanasUri ne kahA :- - " vAsakSepa ke liye vAsacUrNa lAo / " isa para una 84 hI zikSArthI muniyoM ne galI huI lakar3iyAM aura sUkhe kaMr3e katrita kara unakA cUrNa banAyA aura guru ko diyA / usa cUrNa ko abhimantrita kara udyotanasUri ne vibhinna gacchoM ke una 83 ziSyoM ke mastakoM para vAsakSepa kara unheM prAcAryapada pradAna kiyA /
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________________ 602 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 dUsare dina prabhAta velA meM udyotanasUri ne apanA anta samaya samIpa samajha kara anazana kiyA aura samAdhipUrvaka ve svargastha hue| tadanantara vibhinna 83 gacchoM ke una AcAryapada prApta ziSyoM ne pRthakapRthaka kSetroM kI ora vihAra kiyA aura varddhamAnasUri evaM udyotanasUri ke paTTadhara prAcArya bane / isa sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa prastuta graMtha meM hI "udyotanasari" ke jIvanavRtta meM Dabdha kiyA gayA hai / 1. zrI dAnasAgara jaina jJAna bhaMDAra, bIkAnera kI 38 pRSThoM kI gurvAvalI, po0 10 grantha 152, patra 5 / isakI eka phoTosTeTa kApI AcAryazrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura
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________________ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 57veM paTTadhara AcArya zrI mantrasena 1806 janma vI. ni. saM. 1754 dIkSA 1776 AcAryapada svargArohaNa 1842 gRhavAsaparyAya 22 varSa sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya 30 varSa AcAryaparyAya 36 varSa pUrNa saMyamaparyAya 66 varSa pUrNa Ayu 88 varSa vI. ni. saM. 1806 meM mUla zramaNa paramparA ke 56veM paTTadhara AcAryazrI gajasena ke svargastha ho jAne para, caturvidha dharma saMgha ne, usa samaya ke zramaNoM meM sarvazreSTha Agama marmajJa, muni zrI mantrasena ko zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUla paramparA ke 57veM paTTadhara AcAryapada para adhiSThita kiyaa| jisa samaya munizrI mantrasena prAcAryapada para AsIna kiye gaye, usa samaya unakI avasthA 52 varSa kI thii| apanI 30 varSa kI sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya ke anubhavoM ke bala para jinazAsana kA saMcAlana bhalI-bhAMti kara zramaNa-zramaNI saMgha ko zithilAcAra paraka tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNa se achUtA rakkhA aura apane anuyAyI zrAvakazrAvikA varga meM ekAntataH adhyAtmaparaka bhAvArcanA ke bhAva bhara-bhara kara bhAva paramparA ko balavatI banAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| 30 varSa kI sAmAnya zramaNaparyAya aura 36 varSa kI prAcAryaparyAya isa prakAra kula milAkara 66 varSa kI niraticAra saMyamaparyAya kA pAlana karate hue Apane vI. ni. saM. 1842 meM 88 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara samAdhi avasthA meM svargArohaNa kiyaa|
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________________ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 58veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI vijayasiMha dIkSA janma vI. ni. saM. 1812 " , , 1832 AcAryapada __ , , , 1842 svargArohaNa , , , 1913 gRhavAsaparyAya 20 varSa sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya 10 varSa prAcAryaparyAya 71 varSa pUrNa saMyamaparyAya 81 varSa pUrNa Ayu 101 varSa mUla zramaNa paramparA ke 57veM paTTadhara AcAryazrI mantrasena ke vIra ni. saM. 1842 meM svargastha ho jAne para zrI vijayasiMha nAmaka kriyAniSTha evaM prAgama marmajJa zramaNa vara ko mUla zramaNa paramparA ke 58veM paTTadhara prAcArya ke rUpa meM prAcAryapada para AsIna kiyA gyaa| Apane 10 varSa kI sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya aura 71 varSa kI AcAryapadaparyAya meM jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kii|
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________________ svarga 42veM (bayAlIsaveM) yugapradhAnAcArya zrI sumiraNa mitra janma vIra nirvANa samvat 1810 dIkSA vIra nirvANa samvat 1822 sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya vIra nirvANa samvat 1822 se 1840 yugapradhAnAcArya kAla vIra nirvANa samvat 1840 se 1618 gRhastha paryAya bAraha (12) varSa sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya aThAraha varSa yuga pradhAnAcAryaparyAya 78 varSa vIra nirvANa samvat 1618 sarvAyu 108 varSa 41veM yuga pradhAnAcArya revatImitra ke svargastha ho jAne para zrI sumiNamitra nAmaka zramaNavara ko 42veM yugapradhAnAcArya ke rUpa meM paTTa para AsIna kiyA gayA / 'dussamA samaNasaMgha thayaM' ke 'yantrAnusAra' ApakA svargavAsa vIra ni0 saM0 1918 meM, 108 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karane ke anantara huaa| 'titthogAlI paiNNaya' meM 'sUtra kRtAGga' ke hrAsa athavA viccheda ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita gAthA upalabdha hotI hai : bhAraddAyasagotte, sUyagaDaMgaM mahAsamaNanAme / aguNavvIsasatehiM, jAhI varisAraNa vocchitti / / 816 // isa gAthA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 1600 meM mahAsamaNa (mahA sumiraNa) nAma se vikhyAta zramaraNa ke svargastha ho jAne para sUtrakRtAMga kA vyavacheda arthAt hrAsa ho jAyagA / yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvalI ke anusAra zramaNottama zrI sumiNamitra vIra ni0 samvat 1840 se 1618 taka yugapradhAna pada para rhe| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM yaha eka zodha kA viSaya hai ki ina donoM prAmANika evaM prAcIna granthoM meM ullikhita sumiNamitra aura mahAsamaNa (mahAsumiraNa) nAmaka muni do bhinna-bhinna zramaNavara the athavA eka hii| ina donoM zramaNottamoM ke svargastha hone ke samaya kA jahAM taka sambandha hai 18 varSa kA antara lipika ke doSa se bhI sambhava hai / pUrNa prayAsa ke uparAnta bhI etadviSayaka koI pramANa na milane ke kAraNa, sunizcita rUpa se kucha bhI kahane kI sthiti meM hama apane Apako nahIM paate|
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________________ zramaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 56veM paTTadhara prAcAryazrI zivarAja jI 18 varSa janma vI0 ni0 saM0 1882 dIkSA vI0 ni0 saM0 1600 AcAryapada vI0ni0 saM0 1613 svargArohaNa vI0 ni0 saM0 1957 gRhasthaparyAya sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya 13 varSa prAcAryaparyAya pUrNa saMyamaparyAya pUrNa Ayu 75 varSa zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra kI mUla vizuddha paramparA ke 56veM AcArya zrI zivarAja jI ne vIra ni0 saM0 1913 se 1657 taka 44 varSa paryanta caturvidha saMgha ko nirADambarapUrNa AdhyAtmika sAdhanA patha para agrasara karate hue jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kI / 75 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara prAcAryazrI zivarAjajI ne vIra ni0 saM0 1657 meM svargArohaNa kiyA / isase adhika ApakA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| varSa -: 0 :
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________________ tayAlIsaveM (43) yugapradhAnAcArya zrI harimitra janma dIkSA sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya yugapradhAnAcArya kAla gRhasthaparyAya vIra nirvANa samvat 1882 vIra nirvANa samvat 1602 vIra nirvANa samvat 1602 se 1618 vIra nirvANa samvat 1618 se 1663 bIsa varSa solaha (16) varSa paiMtAlIsa (45) varSa vIra nirvANa samvat 1963 81 varSa sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya yugapradhAnAcAryaparyAya svarga sarvAyu 42veM yugapradhAnAcArya zrI sumiNamitra ke svargastha ho jAne para zramaNa zreSTha zrI harimitra ko yugapradhAnAcArya pada para AsIna kiyA gyaa| vIra ni0 saM0 1618 se 1663 taka 45 varSa paryanta yugapradhAnAcArya pada ke kartavyoM kA pUrNa yogyatA ke sAtha sucArurUpeNa nirvahana karate hue 81 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara Apane vIra nirvANa saM01663 meM svargArohaNa kiyA /
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 58veM paTTadhara zrI vijayasiMha ke prAcAryakAla ke anyagacchIya prAcArya jinaprabhasUri bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 58veM paTTadhara AcAryazrI vijayasiMhajI ke prAcAryakAla meM kharataragaccha kI dvitIya zAkhA ke prAcArya jinaprabhasUri eka labdha-pratiSTha granthakAra evaM mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiM / ApakA jIvana paricaya 'kharataragaccha' ke paricaya ke sAtha diyA gayA hai| zrI jinaprabhasUri kharataragaccha ke yazasvI prAcArya jinezvarasUri (dvitIya) ke ziSya the| unhoMne yaha aTala niyama dhAraNa kara rakhA thA ki ve pratidina eka navIna stotra kI racanA karane ke anantara hI AhAra grahaNa kareMge / unakA yaha niyama varSoM taka nirantara calatA rahA aura isa prakAra unhoMne eka hajAra ke lagabhaga navIna stotroM kI racanA kii| Apake samaya meM tapAgaccha utkarSa kI ora agrasara ho rahA thaa| Apake ziSya Adigupta dvArA racita ApakI kRti "siddhAntastava" kI avacariNa ke ullekhAnusAra padmAvatI devI ne Apako svapna meM nirdeza diyA ki aba tapAgaccha kA utkarSa hone vAlA hai ataH Apa apane stava tapAgaccha ke prAcArya somatilakasUri ko de do| jinaprabhasUri ne svaracita 600 stotra somatilakasUri ko arpita kara diye / eka ora to itanA prema aura dUsarI ora jinaprabhasUri ne 'tapoTa mata kuTTana' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kara tapAgaccha ke karNadhAroM aura anuyAyiyoM ko DAkinI, zAkinI mleccha, vadhikoM kI apekSA bhI adhika ghAtaka batAte hue likhA hai zAkinI mudgalAttAnAM, dRzyate'dyApyupakramaH / tapoTenArditAnAM tu, cikitsA syAddarA mRzam / / 5 / / arthAt-zAkinI DAkinI mudgala dvArA khAye hue kA to upacAra ho jAtA hai kintu tapoTe arthAt tapAgaccha kA anuyAyI yadi kisI ko apane jAla meM phaMsA le to phira usakI rakSA kisI bhI bhAMti nahIM kI jA sktii| isa prakAra jinaprabhasUri ke svabhAva meM virodha aura sauhArdrabhAva sadbhAva kA adbhuta samanvaya sammizraNa thA /
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________________ somasundarasUri zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 56 veM paTTadhara AcAryazrI zivarAjajI ke zrAcAryakAla meM tapAgaccha ke 50 veM prAcAryazrI somasundarasUri ne apane gaccha ke zramaNa zramaraNIvarga ke zramaNAcAra meM kisI prakAra kA zithilAcAra praviSTa na ho jAya, isa lakSya se 36 niyamoM kI apane gaccha kI samAcArI ke aMga ke rUpa meM ghoSaNA karate hue apane gaccha ke sabhI sAdhutroM evaM sAdhviyoM ko AjJA pradAna kI ki ve saba ina 36 niyamoM kA kar3AI ke sAtha pAlana kareM / zrI somasundarasUri dvArA isa prakAra ke niyamoM kA prasAraNa kiyA jAnA vastutaH usa samaya zramaraNa-zramaNI varga meM bar3hate zithilAcAra para aMkuza lagAne tulya bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa evaM krAntikArI nirNaya thA / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra somasundarasUri kA janma vi0 saM0 1430, paMca mahAvratadhAraNa vi0 saM0 1437, vAcaka pada vi0 saM0 1450, AcAryapada vi0 saM0 1457 aura svargArohaNa vi0 saM0 1469 meM huA / "soma saubhAgya kAvya" meM somasundarasUri ke 14 paTTadharoM ke atirikta vAcakoM evaM ziSyoM kI eka lambI sUcI dI huI hai / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI sUtra ke ullekhAnusAra Apake sAdhu parivAra meM 1800 sAdhu the / 1 zrI somasundarasUri apane zramaNa varga ko zithilAcAra ke daladala se bacAye rakhane ke lie jo 36 niyama banAye, ve isI grantha ke pRSTha saMkhyA 576 para chapa cuke haiM / ye 36 niyama vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra, lAla bhavana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura meM isake saMgrahAlaya evaM pustakAlaya ke paTTAvalI saMgraha naM0 14, krama saMkhyA 7 para tathA paM0 kalyANavijayajI dvArA likhita tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke pRSTha saMkhyA 160 se 163 para bhI ullikhita haiM / 01 1. paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1, pRSTha 36 aura 40 (soma saubhAgya paTTAvalI )
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________________ cavAlIsaveM (44) yugapradhAna zrI vizAkhagariNa titthogAli pahaNNaya ke adhyayana evaM manana se ina 44veM yugapradhAna ke nAma kA patA calatA hai| yugapradhAnAcArya zrI vizAkha gariNa kA jIvana paricaya Aja ke upalabdha sAhitya meM kevala itanA hI milatA hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 (vikrama samvat 1530) meM unake svargastha ho jAne para katipaya aMga zAstroM kA vochedo (vi-avachedaH-vyavachedaH) arthAt hrAsa ho gayA / aba taka andhakAra meM rahe isa tathya para prakAza DAlane vAlI vaha titthogAlI painnaya kI gAthA isa prakAra hai varisa sahassehiM ihaM dohiM, visAhe muriNammi vocchedo ! vIra jiraNadhamma titthe, dohiM tinni sahassa niddiTTo // 20 // isa tathya ke prakAza meM Ane se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 1918 se vIra nirvANa samvat 1963 taka yuga pradhAna pada para rahe prAcArya harimitra ke svargastha hone para vIra nirvANa samvat 1963 meM prAcArya harimitra ke paTTadhara cavAlIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya ke pada para vizAkha muni ko adhiSThita kiyA gayA ho aura titthogAlI painnaya meM vizAkha muni kA svargArohaNa vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 meM batAyA gayA hai, tadanusAra ve vIra nirvANa samvat 1663 se 2000 taka arthAt 37 varSa taka yugapradhAnAcArya rahe hoN| vizAkha nAmaka eka mahAn prAcArya hue haiM / isa tathya kA pramANa bhI Aja upalabdha hai| nizItha kI katipaya hastalikhita pratiyoM meM nimnalikhita prazasti upalabdha hotI hai : dasaNa carittajutto gutto guttIsu (pari) sNjhnnhie| nAmeNa visAha garaNI, mahattarapro raNAraNamaMjusI / tassa lihiyaM nissAhiM dhammadhurAdharaNa pavara pujjassa / arthAta jo dharma rUpI mahAn ratha kI dhurI ko dhAraNa karane meM parama pravINa parvathA samartha athavA pUrNataH kuzala, jJAna, darzana, cAritra se saMyuta, tIna prakAra kI guptiyoM se gupta, jJAna maMjUSA arthAt jJAna ke akSaya bhaNDAra tathA mahattara kI upAdhi
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vizAkhagaNi . se vibhUSita haiM, una parama pUjya zrI vizAkha gaNI nAmaka AcArya kI nizrA meM ise (nizItha sUtra ko) likhA gyaa|' pustaka lekhana, lipikartA dvArA Alekhana kI samApti para prazasti lekhana Adi tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM titthogAlI dvArA prAcAryazrI vizAkha gaNI ke vIra nirvANa se 2000 meM svargastha hone ke ullekha para vicAra karane se yaha anumAna vAstavikatA kI paridhi meM A jAtA hai ki titthogAlI painnaya meM varNita vizAkha muni kI nizrA meM hI nizItha kI katipaya pratiyoM kA Alekhana kiyA gayA aura mahattara padavI bhUSita 44veM yuga pradhAna vizAkha gaNI atula jJAna ke bhaNDAra vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pratIka aura dharma dhurA ke kuzala dhurINa the| isase hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 arthAt vi0 saM0 1530 taka vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI yugapradhAna paramparA bhale hI kSINa se kSINatara avasthA meM hI kyoM na rahI ho, para vaha vastutaH vidyamAna avazya rahI hai / yahAM pratyeka vijJa ke mana meM yaha zaMkA sahaja hI utpanna ho sakatI hai ki vi0 saM0 1508 meM hI mahAn dharmoddhAraka lauMkAzAha kA abhyudaya ho cukA thA aura vi0 saM0 1531 meM to bhANajI Adi 45 mumukSutroM ne lauMkAzAha ke upadezoM se prabuddha ho lauMkAzAha dvArA prakAza meM lAye gaye ahiMsA dayA mUlaka vizuddha jinamata meM zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thI, aisI sthiti meM yadi usa samaya vi0 saM0 1563 se 1530 kI avadhi meM vizAkha garaNI kI vidyamAnatA rahI hotI to kahIM na kahIM unakA, unakI paramparA kA ullekha to milanA cAhiye, lauMkAzAha se bhI unakA sAkSAtkAra honA caahiye| jahAM taka vizAkha gaNI athavA unakI paramparA ke ullekha kA prazna hai vastuta: isa prakAra ke do ullekha Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| pahalA titthogAlI painnaya kA aura dUsarA hastalikhita nizItha kI katipaya pratiyoM kI prazasti kA, jinakA ki ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| 1. hameM kheda hai ki dvitIya bhAga ke Alekhana ke samaya usake pRSTha saMkhyA 68 ke antima pairAgrApha meM skhalanA vaza yaha likha diyA gayA hai ki-"....."to vizAkha nAma ke prAcArya ne pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tRtIya vastu ke prAcAra nAmaka bIsaveM prAbhRta se sArabhUta aMzoM ko uddhRta kara "prAcAra prakalpa" arthAt "nizItha" kA niSpAdana kiyA aura use cheda sUtra ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kiyA gayA / " vastutaH uparilikhita gAthAoM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki vizAkha gaNI kI nizrA meM nizItha kA Alekhana kiyA gayA, na ki nizItha kA niSpAdana athavA pratiSThApana / -sampAdaka
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________________ 612 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vi0 saM0 1463 se 1530 taka yuga pradhAnAcArya pada para rahe, taba to lauMkAzAha kA bhI unase sAkSAtkAra honA cAhiye thA-isa zaMkA ke sambandha meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki svayaM lauMkAzAha ke janma, janma-sthAna, mAtA pitA kA nAma, unakI kRtiyAM, unakI jIvana-caryA, svargArohaNa kAla Adi unake jIvana ke adhikAMza mahatvapUrNa tathya abhI taka prAmANika rUpa se prakAza meM nahIM Aye haiM / isa prakAra kI dhUmila sthiti meM koI nizcita rUpa se yaha kaha sakane meM sakSama nahIM hai ki lokAzAha kA mahattara vizAkha gaNI ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra huA athavA nhiiN| titthogAlI painnaya aura nizItha kI prazasti se yaha to nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 1530 taka vizAkha gaNi vidyamAna the| . titthogAlI painnaya meM ullikhita vizAkha muni ke prAcArya kAla (vikrama samvat 1493-1530) aura nizItha meM uparyuddhata prazasti ke sAtha-sAtha lauMkAzAha kI vidyamAnatA ke sambandha meM laukAzAha ke pratipakSiyoM evaM anuyAyiyoM dvArA kiye| gaye ullekhoM para vicAra karane para sahaja hI yaha AzaMkA bar3e prabala vega se pratyeka zodhArthI ke mAnasa meM taraMgita hotI hai ki sambhavataH vizAkhagaNI ke yuga pradhAnAcArya kAla meM hI lauMkAzAha hue hoN| para isa AzaMkA athavA anumAna ko vAstavikatA kA paridhAna pahanAne vAlA koI pramANa upalabdha sAhitya meM adyAvadhi dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / "titthogAlI paiNNaya" jaise prAcIna grantha meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 meM vizAkha muni kA svargavAsa huA / 'titthogAlI paiNNaya' ke isa ullekha kI puSTi nizItha kI upari cacita prazasti se hotI hai ki pustakoM ke lekhana kAla ke prArambha hone se lekara vikrama samvat 1530 ke bIca ke samaya meM mahattara vizAkhagaraNI nAmaka zrutajJAna ke bhaNDAra evaM vizuddha kriyAniSTha mahAn prAcArya hue / anya ullekhoM ke abhAva meM bhI ina do ullekhoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue bhI yaha na mAnane kA to koI kAraNa hI nahIM raha jAtA ki vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 ke pUrvavartI cAra dazakoM meM vizAkhagaNI nAmaka AcArya hue| nizItha kI prazasti se kevala yahI pramANita hotA hai ki mahattara vizAkhagaNI nAmaka mahAn zrutanidhi prAcArya hue| kisa samaya meM hue isa prakAra kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| vizAkhagaNi ke astitva kA ullekha upalabdha ho jAne para mukhya prazna yahI raha jAtA hai ki ve kaba hue| isa prazna kA uttara khojate samaya hamArI dRSTi vIra nirvANa samvata 2000 se pUrva se lekara cira atIta meM hae. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA ke sabhI gaNoM evaM gacchoM meM hue AcAryoM ke nAmoM kA vihaMgAvalokana karate hue punaH punaH ur3AneM bharatI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA kI upalabdha paTTAvaliyoM meM to kahIM vizAkhagaNI athavA vizAkha muni kA nAmollekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / hAM, digambara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM harivaMza purANa, dhavalA, tiloyapaNNattI, uttarapurANa, jambUdvIpa paNNattI,
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vizAkhagaNi [ 613 indranandI kRta zrutAvatAra, brahma hemacandra kRta zrutaskandha Adi meM inake AdhAra para banI digambara paramparA kI paTTAvaliyoM meM evaM tathAkathita 'nandI prAmnAya kI paTTAvalI' meM caturdaza pUrvadhara antima zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke paTTadhara ke rUpa meM vizAkha nAmaka prAcArya kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai jinheM ki prathama dazapUrvadhara batAyA gayA hai| ina vizAkhAcArya ke atirikta anya kisI vizAkhAcArya ke hone kA ullekha digambara paramparA kI paTTAvaliyoM meM kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| ina vizAkhAcArya ke paTTadhara pada para AsIna hone kA samaya digambara paramparA ke prAyaH sabhI uparyullikhita granthoM meM vIra nirvANa saM0 163 batAyA gayA hai / vIra nirvANa samvat 163 se kaba taka ve prAcAryapada para AsIna rahe isa sambandha meM ye sabhI grantha mauna haiM / inameM kevala itanA hI ullekha hai ki "vIra nirvANa samvat 163 se vIra nirvANa samvat 345 taka kI samuccaya rUpeNa 183 varSa kI kAlAvadhi meM vizAkha Adi 11 (gyAraha) prAcArya dazapUrvadhara hue|" nandI AmnAya kI 'paTTAvalI' meM vizAkhAcArya kA prAcAryakAla dasa varSa batAyA gayA hai / isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki vizAkha muni kA prAcAryakAla vIra nirvANa samvat 163 se 173 taka arthAt dasa varSa kA rahA / to aba prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kyA vIra nirvANa samvat 163 se 173 taka AcAryapada para rahe dasa pUrvadhara vizAkhAcArya hI nizItha kI prazasti meM ullikhita vizAkhagaraNI haiM ? aneka Thosa tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 163 se 173 taka prAcAryapada para rahe hue vizAkhAcArya kisI bhI dazA meM ukta prazasti dvArA abhipreta vizAkhagaNI nahIM ho sakate / (1) pahalA Thosa pramANa yaha hai ki digambara paramparA ke kisI bhI prAcArya ke nAma se pahale mahattara vizeSaNa lagAne kI koI paramparA hI nahIM rahI hai / digambara paramparA ke upalabdha sAhitya meM kisI bhI prAcArya ke nAma se pahale mahattara zabda kA ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / (2) prAcArya ke nAma se pahale mahattara vizeSaNa kA prayoga vIra nirvANa kI bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| (3) nizItha kI cUriNa ke kartA saMghadAsa gaNI mahattara haiM, jinakA ki samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM zatI ke antima caraNa se pAThavIM zatI kA pUrvArddha hai / yaha to eka nirvivAda aitihAsika tathya hai| nizItha bhASya ke racanAkAra jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ke ziSya siddhasena kSamAzramaNa (siddhasena divAkara se bhinna evaM uttaravartI) haiM, yaha bhI eka nirvivAda
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________________ 614 ] 1. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 tathya hai kyoMki nizItha cUrNIkAra ne aneka sthAnoM para "asyaivArthasya spaSTataraM vyAkhyAnaM siddhasenAcAryaH karoti " - ( gAthA 303 kA utthAna ) " etassa ciraMtana gAhApAyassa siddhasenAcArya: spaSTenAbhidhAnenArthamabhidhatta" ( gAthA 250 kI cUrNI ) " esebaittho siddhasenakhamAsamaNeNa phuDataro bhannati " -- ( gAthA 4068), "eie pratidese karAvi siddhasera khamAsamaraNo puvvaddhassa bhariNayaM pratidesaM bakkhANeti" - ( gAthA 6136 ) Adi-Adi nirdezAtmaka vacanoM dvArA siddhasena kSamA-zramaraNa ko nizItha bhASyakAra batAyA hai / to isa prakAra kI spaSTa sthiti meM nizItha bhASya bhI vizAkhAcArya kI kRti kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM mAnI jA sktii| niyukti bhI vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM ( vIra nirvANa samvat 1032 ke prAsa - pAsa ) hue bhadrabAhu kI kRti hai, yaha pramANa purassara siddha kiyA jA cukA hai / ' aba zeSa raha jAtA hai nizItha sUtra / nizItha sUtra ke racanAkAra ke rUpa meM to vizAkhAcArya kA nAma liye jAne kA koI prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA / grAja niryuktiyAM jisa rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM unake karttA to nizcita rUpa se vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue naimittika bhadrabAhu haiM tathApi ina niyuktiyoM kI katipaya purAtana gAthAoM ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke dvArA racita mAna liyA jAya to bhI vizAkhAcArya to nizItha ke racanAkAra nahIM ho sakate kyoMki ve zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara mAne gaye haiM / ziSya mUlasUtra kI racanA kare aura guru usakI niyukti kI racanA kare isa prakAra kI kalpanA karanA bhI hAsyAspada hI kahA jAyagA / una vizAkhAcArya kI nizrA meM, unake samaya meM athavA svayaM unake dvArA nizItha Adi ke likhe jAne kI bAta to koI bhI vijJa nahIM kara sakatA / isa prakAra nizItha sUtra, nizItha niryukti, nizItha bhASya aura nizItha cUriMga ina cAroM se una vizAkhAcArya kA kisI bhI prakAra kA sambandha nahIM raha jAtA jo ki zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke ziSya the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana kI vibhinna paramparAoM meM ukta vizAkhAcArya ke pazcAt jitane bhI prAcArya hue haiM, unameM se kucha paramparAmroM kI jo thor3I bahuta paTTAvaliyAM upalabdha haiM, unameM vizAkhAcArya kA nAma nizItha kI prazasti aura 'titthogAlI paiNNaya' ko chor3akara anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / (ka) vRhatkalpa bhASya, bhAga 6, prastAvanA (gva) jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 2 pRSTha 374
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] vizAkhagaNi ina saba tathyoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra karane para hamArI dRSTi 'nizItha prazasti' tathA titthogAlI paiNNaya' meM variNata vizAkhAcArya para kendrita hotI hai aura hama UhApoha karane lagate haiM ki vIra nirvANa kI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM sambhavataH vizAkha nAmaka prAcArya hue hoM jo ki yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA ke cavAlIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya hue hoN| 'titthogAlI paiNNaya' meM variNata inake svargArohaNa kAla ke sAtha 'nizItha prazasti' ke AdhAra para pustaka lekhana kAla meM hue vizAkha garaNI ke sattAkAla kI tulanA karane para hamArA yaha UhApoha anumAna kI saMjJA dhAraNa kara letA hai| jaba taka isa sambandha meM anya Thosa pramANa nahIM mila jAte taba taka hamArA yaha anumAna kevala anumAna kI koTi meM hI rahegA evaM hama apanI sunizcita mAnyatA abhivyakta karane kI sthiti meM nahIM rheNge| abhI isa sambandha meM khoja kI AvazyakatA hai| eka atyadbhuta anya kAraNa se bhI itihAsavidoM ke liye yaha tathya gahana zodha kA viSaya bana jAtA hai| gaveSakoM ko cauMkA dene vAle usa tathya kA udghATana karane se pUrva yaha batAnA Avazyaka hai ki pATaNa ke bhaNDAra meM vidyamAna 'titthogAlI paiNNaya' kI tADapatrIya prati kA Alekhana vikrama samvat 1452 meM kiyA gayA para isameM dvAdazAMgI ke vyavaccheda (hrAsa) kAla kA vivaraNa dete hue vIra nirvANa samvat 170 meM svargastha hone vAle antima zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu se lekara vIra nirvANa samvat 21000 meM pravartamAna duSSama nAmaka paMcama Araka kI kucha hI ghar3iyAM zeSa rahate-rahate svargastha hone vAle duHprasaha prAcArya ke antima samaya taka dvAdazAMgI ke bhAvI hrAsa kA samullekha kiyA gayA hai| vIra nirvANa pazcAt kisa-kisa aMga kA kisa-kisa varSa meM hrAsa.hamA athavA hogA isa vivaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha una aMgoM ko sampUrNa rUpeNa dhAraNa karane vAle antima zramaNa ke nAma kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / usa vivaraNa kA sAra isa prakAra hai : 1. prathama daza pUrvadhara prAcArya sthUlabhadra hue| 2. antima daza pUrvadhara prAcArya satyamitra hue| 3. vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 meM uttara vAcaka vRSabha (devaddhi kSamA zramaNa) ke sAtha pUrvagata jJAna naSTa ho jAyagA / 4. vIra nirvANa samvat 1250 meM dinna gaNI puSyamitra ke svargastha hone para caurAsI hajAra padoM vAlA ati vizAla vyAkhyA prajJapti aMga sahasA aMcita (saMkucita) ho jAyagA aura isake sAtha hI chaH aMgoM kA hrAsa hogaa|
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________________ 616 ] 5. 6. 7. 8. e. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 vIra nirvANa samvat 1300 meM mADhara gotrIya prAcArya sambhUti ke svargastha hone para samavAyAMga kA hrAsa hogA / vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1350 ( 1360 ) meM AcArya Arjava yati ( saMbhUti) ke svargastha hone para sthAnAMga kA vyavaccheda hogA / vIra nirvANa samvat 1400 meM kAzyapa gotrIya jyeSTha bhUti ( jyeSThAMga gari ) ke nidhana para kalpa vyavahAra sUtra kA hrAsa ho jAyagA / vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1500 ( 1520 ) meM gautama gotrIya mahA satvazAlI prAcArya phalgumitra ke svargastha hone para dazAzruta skandha kA vyavaccheda ho jAyagA / vIra nirvAraNa samvat 1900 bhAradvAja gotrIya mahA sumiraNa (sumiraNamitra athavA svapnamitra ) nAmaka AcArya ke svargavAsAnantara sUtrakRtAMga kA hrAsa athavA vyavaccheda ho jAyagA / 10. vIra nirvAraNa samvat 2000 meM vizAkha muni ke svargastha hone para vIra nirvAraNa samvat 2000 se 3000 ke bIca kI avadhi meM katipaya aMgoM kA jJAna vyavacchinna ho jAyagA / 11. vIra nirvAraNa samvat 20,000 ( bIsa hajAra ) meM hArita gotrIya viSNu muni ke svargastha hone para AcArAMga kA vyavaccheda ho jAyagA / 12. vIra nirvAraNa samvat 21,000 ( ikkIsa hajAra ) kI kucha hI ghar3iyAM zeSa rahate-rahate antima pracArAMgadhara duHprasaha prAcArya ke svargastha ho jAne para cAritra sahita AcArAMga pUrNataH naSTa ho jAyagA / isa prakAra 'titthogAlI paiNNaya' meM vIra nirvANa samvat 64 meM Arya jambU . ke mukta hone para kevalajJAna Adi daza prakRSTa prAdhyAtmika zaktiyoM ke viccheda sahita vIra nirvAraNa samvat 170 se vIra nirvANa samvat 21,000 ( ikkIsa hajAra) taka dvAdazAMgI ke hrAsa vinAza kA prati saMkSipta vivaraNa upalabdha hai / vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha isa 'titthogAlI paiNNaya' kI racanA kisane kI aura kaba kI, isa prazna kA uttara kisI Thosa nirNAyaka pramANa ke abhAva meM hama nahIM de sakate / para ajJAtanAmA granthakAra ke kathana ke AdhAra para yaha to kaha sakate haiM ki svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA gumphita eka lAkha zloka pramANa titthogAlI paiNNaya nAmaka pUrvakAla meM vidyamAna vizAla grantha ke AdhAra para
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadharaM kAla khaNDa 2 ] vizAkhagaNi isa kRSakAya titthogAlI paiNNaya kI racanA kI gii| aura tAr3apatroM para vikrama samvat 1452 meM likhita isakI eka prati pATaNa ke bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| isameM ullikhita aneka tathyoM meM se eka tathya aisA hai, jo atIta ke itihAsa kI gahana khoja karane vAle samasta zodhArthI samAja ko camatkRta kara dene vAlA hai / vaha tathya yaha hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 tadanusAra vikrama samvat 1530 meM vizAkha muni ke svargastha hone para katipaya AgamoM kA jJAna vicchinna ho jaaygaa| vikrama samvat 1452 meM Alekhita isa grantha meM Alekhana kAla se 78 varSa pazcAt ghaTita ghaTanA kA ullekha dekhakara pratyeka vicAraka ko nizcita rUpa se bar3A Azcarya hogA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara Arya sudharmA se lekara prabhu ke AThaveM paTTadhara Arya sthUla bhadra (vIra nirvANa samvat 1 se 215) taka kI ghaTanAoM ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa samvat 1000 se 2000 taka kI aMga hrAsa viSayaka ghaTanAoM kA usa-usa samaya meM hue AcAryoM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha isa titthogAlI paiNNaya meM ullekha hai| vizAkha muni ke pUrvavartI prAcAryoM kI jo nAmAvalI isa grantha meM dI huI hai, vaha 'dussamA samaNa saMgha thayaM', 'yuga pradhAna paTTAvalI' Adi granthoM meM bhI upalabdha hai / ina granthoM se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki 'titthogAlI paiNNaya' meM jina AcAryoM kA ullekha hai ve saba aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiN| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM hameM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 arthAt vikrama samvat 1530 meM svargastha hue 'vizAkha muni' bhI aitihAsika mahApuruSa hue haiN| trikAladarzI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA grathita AgamoM meM aura unake AdhAra para pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM dvArA grathita granthoM meM bhAvI ghaTanAoM ke ullekha ko dekhakara kisI ko AzaMkita athavA AzcaryAbhibhUta nahIM honA caahiye| - . - rAyagihe guNasilae, bhariNayA vIreNa garaNaharANAM tu / paya saya sahassameyaM, vittharo loganAheNaM // 5 // ai saMkhevaM mottuM, mottUNa pavittharaM ahaM bhariNamo / appakkharaM mahatthaM, jaha bhariNayaM loganAheNa // 6 // -titthogAlI paiNNaya, munizrI kalyANavijayajI evaM zrI gajasiMha rAThaur3a dvArA sampAdita /
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________________ zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 60veM paTTadhara prAcArya zrI lAlajI svAmI " , " 1987 janma 1600 dIkSA , , , 1938 AcAryapada " , , 1657 svargArohaNa gRhavAsaparyAya 38 varSa sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya 16 varSa prAcAryaparyAya 30 varSa pUrNa saMyamaparyAya 46 varSa pUrNa Ayu 87 varSa zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke 56veM paTTadhara AcAryazrI zivarAjajI ke vIra ni. saM. 1657 meM svargastha ho jAne para zrI lAlajI svAmI ko prabhu ke 60veM paTTaghara ke rUpa meM prAcAryapada para caturvidha saMgha dvArA adhiSThita kiyA gyaa| Apane vIra ni. saM. 1657 se 1987 paryanta tIsa varSa taka caturvidha saMgha ko dharma ke vizuddha AdhyAtmika mUla mArga para agrasara karate hue jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| anta meM 87 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara vIra ni, saM. 1987 meM Apane samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa|
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________________ zramaraNa bha. mahAvIra ke 61veM paTTadhara prAcAryazrI jJAnaRSi janma vIra ni. saM. 1927 dIkSA , , , 1943 prAcAryapada 1987 svargArohaNa 2007 gRhavAsaparyAya 16 varSa sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya prAcAryaparyAya 20 varSa pUrNa saMyamaparyAya 64 varSa pUrNa Ayu 80 varSa zrI lAlajI svAmI ke svargastha ho jAne para vIra ni. saM. 1987 meM caturvidha saMgha ne zrI jJAnaRSi ko zramaraNa bha0 mahAvIra kI mUla paramparA ke 61veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM prAcAryapada para adhiSThita kiyaa| 44 varSa kI sAmAnya zramaNapada paryAya aura 20 varSa kI prAcAryapada paryAya meM kula milAkara 64 varSa paryanta Apane zramaNa bha, mahAvIra ke caturvidha dharma saMgha kI mahatI sevA kii| vIra ni. saM. 2007 meM Apane 80 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| zrI lAlajI svAmI ke prAcAryakAla meM vIra ni0 saM0 1978, tadanusAra vi0 saM0 1508 meM arthAt AcAryazrI jJAna RSi ke AcAryapada para AsIna hone se 6 varSa pUrva lokAzAha ne zAstroM ke AdhAra para dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa evaM zramaNazramaraNIvarga ke zAstra pratipAdita zramaNAcAra para prakAza DAlate hue dharma krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyaa|
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________________ zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 62veM paTTadhara prAcAryazrI nAnagajI svAmI janma vIra ni. saM. 1944 dIkSA " , , 1970 prAcAryapada " , , 2007 svargArohaNa 2032 gRhavAsaparyAya 26 varSa sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya 37 varSa AcAryaparyAya 25 varSa pUrNa saMyamaparyAya 62 varSa pUrNa Ayu 88 varSa zramaNa bha. mahAvIra ke 61veM paTTadhara zrI jJAnajI RSi ke svargastha ho jAne para vIra ni. saM. 2007 meM nAnagajI svAmI ko mUla paramparA ke 62veM paTTadhara ke rUpa meM prAcAryapada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA / Apane 25 varSa taka prAcAryapada para rahate hue caturvidha dharma tIrtha kI mahatI sevA kI aura vIra ni. saM. 2032 meM 88 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara Apane svargArohaNa kiyaa| -00
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________________ zramaraNa bha. mahAvIra ke 633 paTTadhara .prA. zrI rUpajI svAmI janma dIkSA prAcAryapada svargArohaNa gRhavAsaparyAya sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya prAcAryaparyAya pUrNa saMyamaparyAya pUrNa Ayu vIra ni0 saM0 1972 2004 2032 2052 32 varSa 28 varSa varSa 80 varSa vIra ni0 saM0 2032 meM nAnagajI svAmI ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt / zrI rUpajI svAmI ko prabhu ke 63ve paTTadhara ke rUpa meM caturvidha saMgha dvArA prAcAryapada para AsIna kiyA gyaa| Apane 20 varSa paryanta AcAryapada ke kartavyoM kA sucArurUpeNa nirvahana karate hue jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| Apane vIra ni. saM. 2052 meM 80 varSa ko prAyu pUrNa kara samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| - .
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________________ laukAzAha se pUrva jaina saMgha kI sthiti sarvajJa sarvadarzI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa, gaNadharoM dvArA grathita, caturdaza pUrvadharoM athavA kama se kama dasa pUrvadhara AcAryoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI meM se nirdRr3ha ekamAtra prAgamoM ko hI sarvopari, sarvazreSTha evaM parama prAmANika mAnakara unameM pratipAdita siddhAntoM, mAnyatAoM, vidhi-vidhAnoM ke aAdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM caityavAsI Adi dravya paramparAoM dvArA praviSTa kI gaI vikRtiyoM ke samUlonmUlana ke sAtha yadi pUrNa kriyoddhAra prAraMbha meM hI kiye jAte to na to bhagavAn mahAvIra kA eka sUtratA meM grAbaddha vizAla dharma saMgha vibhinna choTIchoTI saikar3oM ikAiyoM meM vibhakta hotA aura na dharma saMgha uparivagita pAramparika kalaha vidveSa evaM dharmonmAda kI raMgasthalI hI bntaa| gaNanAtIta gacchoM meM se katipaya gacchoM kA paricaya Upara diyA jA cukA hai / usameM, 'mittI me savva bhUesu veraM mAjhaM na keNaI' ke sasvara ghopa se nitya prati gaganamaMDala ko guMjarita kara dene vAle gacchoM, gacchAdhipatiyoM, gacchAnuyAyiyoM meM zatAbdiyoM taka kisa prakAra kA vinAzakArI viSAkta vAtAvaraNa vyApta rahA. pArasparika vidveSa kalaha kA tAMDava nRtya, athavA gaccha vidveSa prAdi vizva-bandha. vItarAga, hitaMkara tIrthaMkara prabhu mahAvIra ke ye dharma saMgha karate rahe, usa dayanIya dazA kA thor3A sA citraNa gacchoM ke paricaya meM kiyA gayA hai| - usI dayanIya dazA kA digdarzana lokabhASA meM eka kavi ne mRdharmagacchadra parIkSA' nAmaka apanI kRti meM kiyA hai| usakA leza mAtra yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : yuga pradhAna kAlika sUrine, kehe teha na vicAre mne| kAlaka sUri kavaraNagaccha thayo, kavaraNAcAra tina thApiyo / / 8 / / kAlaka gaccha bhAvaDa haro sahi, paccakhAraNa vandana tene nahIM / pahalo paDika me iriyAvahi, sAmAyika vidhi pache kahi / / 8 / / pAgbI caumAsI caudase, kare pasaraNa cauthe rmeN| kare pratiSThA jeNI vAra, mAMDe nAMdi vizeSa tevAra / / 86 / /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jaina saMgha kI sthiti F: 623 pahare kaMkaraNa ne mudraNi, bAjabanda bahirakhI jddii| snAna kareM bandhe nava prahi, sadaza jumalu pahare sahi // 6 // kare vilepaNa rUDA gAtra, saMgha saMghAte kare jalajAtra / mAlA ropaNa ne upadhAna, te to mAne doSa nidAna / / 1 / / mahAnizItha na te saddahe, zrAvaka ne caravalu navi kahai / dina prati devI nI thuI cAra, proghe dasi pralambe vicAra // 12 // yugapradhAna kAlika guru taNo, kAusagga kare cihaM logassa taNo / antara paDikkamaNe puNa joya, evA bola ghaNA tihAM hoya / / 3 / / vIra thakI varase caudase, causaTha adhiko jAgo rase / / 103 / / baDa heThe baDagaccha thApiyA, caurAsI pAcAraNa kiyaa| te caurAsI gacchA jANavA, baDa gacchA na mana prANavA // 104 / / tehanI samAcAri eka, teha mAMhi nava bheda aneka / baDa pIpala siddhAntI joya, bokaDiyA jAkhaDiyA hoya / / 105 / / hAre jA jIrAula nAma, evamAdi caurAsI ThAma / eka upAdhyAya alago hato, kAle guru pAse puha hato / / 106 / / teha paNa AcAraja kiyo, paMcAsImo gaccha thaapiyo| tethI keTale kAle joya, rAjasabhA mAM caracA hoya / / 107 / / kaMsa pAtra gAthI nIkalI, kharatara nAma Thavyo tihAM vali / cihuMtara adhika varasa sahasola (1674), kIdho AcaraNa daMdola' // 108 / / bola eka sau covIsa, phere jinavallabha sUrIza / vali anerAgaccha prosavAla, koraMTA sADerAvAla // 106 / / dharmabhUSa nANA pallIvAla, be vandanika citrAvAla / citrAvAla ane brahmANiyA, maladhArA Adika jANIyA // 110 / / yaccoktaM, kanaka kanaka mudrikA paridhAnaM na yuktam-tadapyayuktaM, yatastAvanmAtrakAlaM paridhIyamAnaM bhUSaNaM na vibhUSaNa hetuH na vA parigraha, lathA pariNAmAbhAvAt / - pravacana parIkSA pRSTha 171, upAdhyAyaH dharmasAgara tapAgacchIya (zrI hIravijayasUri __ ke sahapAThI evaM kRpApAtra) prAcArya ke sabhI guNoM se sampanna zramaNa zreSTha prAcArya ko pratiSThAcArya ke pada para adhiSThita karate samaya svarNa kaMkaraNa, svarNa mudrikA, bahumUlya uttamottama vastra dhAraNa karavAnA tapAgacchIya upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne ucita batAyA hai| -sampAdaka 2. vIra nirvANa samvat 1464 3 mana prANavA=manamAne, 4. gaathii=dhnraashi| 5. daMdola=ulaTa-palaTa /
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________________ 624 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 barasa solaha meM progaNAtrIsa (1626), pUnamagaccha thApanA jagIza / caurAsi adhika solaseM (1684) baraseM aMcalagaccha mati basaiM / / 111 / / gharaNA bolanA antara karyA, te paraNa dhaNe jaNe AdaryA, rajoharaNa ne muMhapattI, zrAvaka ne navi thApe chatI // 113 // zrAvaka ne paDakkamaNa na kahe, cha Avazyaka navi dihe / pAkhI pAThama gaNatrI kare, ima antara ati ghaNA Acare // 114 / / barasa sattara se bIse ThAma (1720), Agamagaccha dharAvyo nAma / traNa hui garaNatrie parva, paDikkamaNe antara cha sarva / / 115 / / posaha mAMhi antara ghaNo, adhika mAse pajUsaNa trnno| yoga vidhi nAndi pheraghaNA, mana vimAsa' jupro teha taNA // 116 / / citrAvala thakI nIkalyA, tapAgaccha nAme sAMbhalyA // 117 // tiNe gaccha AcaraNA vijJAna, nahiM mAlAropaNa upadhAna / zrAvaka ne paraNa nahiM caravalo, ityAdika antara sAMbhalo / / 118 / / tasu samAcArI navi kare, sUtra paMtha paNa Dholo dhrai| paramparAmukha thApe ghaNI, na jANIye te kiNa hI kari // 11 // sUtra artha ne kaDo dekhI, jo koI pUche svishekhii| paramparA nuleI nAma, loka taNuM mana ANe ThAma // 120 // loka na jANe te pare isI, paramparA dAkhe chai kisii| paramparA to tehaja kharI, je jiNavara gaNadhara pAdari / / 121 / / paNa je thApe prApApaNI, teha ne mAthe koI na dhaNI / te to DAhyA mAne kaima, sUtra vicArI juro prema / / 122 / / samvat pandra pacAsIe (1585) kriyAtariNamati ANi hie| thayA risIsara kriyAvanta, vairAgI dekhItA santa / / 123 / / te mata sAMco kahe ApaNo, dUjA na utthApe paNo / ghaNA pATa dekhADe bhaNI, paramparA thApe prApaNI / / 124 / / na kahe sAdhupaNA nI vigata, pATa nAma nI thApe jugata / paNa je jANa hue te joya, sAdhupaNA viNa pATa na hoya // 125 / / guru lopI pApI sahu kahe, to kAM choDI alagA rhe| sahu numAthAM ziru posAla, te chAMDI kA paDyA jaMjAla / / 126 / / 1. mana vimAsa-manacAhe, 2. ApApaNI-apanI hI apanI / 3. tehane mAthe koI na dhaNI-usa para kisI kA aMkuza nahIM, usakA koI dharaNIdhorI arthAt svAmI nhiiN| 4. DAhyA-catura .
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jaina saMgha kI sthiti 625 jo kahe te prAcAre hINa, to pATa nAma kAM thApo lINa / jo guru to nindo kAMI tAsa, sevo tehano gurukula vAsa // 127 / / sAdhu taNAM viNa dAkhe pATa, te jima jANo sudhI vAMTa / jo te sudhAM guru jANiyA, to lopI kAM alagA thayA / / 128 / / guru lopaMtA pAtaka bahu, ima mukha loka che shu| ima to pratyanIka paNu thAya, to kema jiraNamata prArAdhAya / / 126 / / sUtra samAcArI je rahe, tehane nigurA nigurA khe| te Upara sAMbhalo vicAra, mana mAraNo AmalA lagAra / / 130 / / je mAne jinavara nA vayaNa, tehanA bihu pare niramala nayaNa / saghalI pare te sagurA sahi, jagaguru nI jiNe pAraNA vahI / / 131 / / je koI havaNAM ne samaya, kriyA mAraga rUDhe rame / timane ApaNA guru no saMga, lopyAM dIse che bahu bhaMga / / 132 / / te guru ne bande paNa nahIM, je vande tasu vAre sahi / pAsatthA aosannAkahi, tasu avaguNa bole umahi / / 133 / / teha ni dIkSA vrata uccAra, vali karAve bIjI vAra / vali pratiSThe pratimA jAraNa, navi mAne Adeza pramANa // 134 / / teha taNI na kare thApanA, navi ANe guru nI bhaavnaa| zrAvaka je samajhAvyA teNe, teha ne paNa svAmI nava gaNe / / 135 / / tasU mAMDali na karAve kriyA, to te kaho kema guru jANiyA / mArI mAta to vandhyA kema, e UkhANo jovo jema / / 136 / / vibhinna gacchoM ke upari pradatta paricaya meM vItarAga prabhu ke dharma saMgha kA devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAla kA jaisA dardanAka-dayanIya citra itihAsa ke darpaNa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai, vaha vastutaH pratyeka dharmaniSTha vijJa vyakti ke hRdaya ko vidIrNa kara dene vAlA hai / sabhI prakAra ke abhinivezoM se mana, mastiSka evaM hRdaya ko pUrNa rUpeNa vimukta kara, sAmpradAyika vyAmohoM se Upara uThakara yadi ina saba tathyoM ke sandarbha meM talasparzI sUkSma dRSTi se vizva bandhu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vizva kalyANakArI dharmasaMgha kI devaddhigariNa kSamAzramaNa se uttaravartI kAlIna dayanIya dAruNa dazA aura usake mUla kAraNoM para zAnta mana se vicAra kiyA jAya to isa saba kA eka mAtra tathyapUrNa kAraNa yahI prakAza meM AvegA ki dharma saMgha se na kevala adhikAMza dhurAdhaureya karNadhAroM ne hI apitu caturvidha dharma saMgha ke pratyeka sadasya ne--"pratyeka jaina ke liye jinezvara dvArA prarUpita Agama hI parama prAmANika, paramAdhAra evaM sarvopari hai" isa prakAra ke tIrtha pravartana kAla se eka sahasra zatAbdi taka cale pA
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________________ 626 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 rahe dharmasaMgha ke zAzvata aTala niyama ke prati sajagatA nahIM dikhaaii| isa aTala amara siddhAnta kI upekSA avahelanA kara anAgamika mAnyatAoM ko dharma saMgha meM aMkurita hone kA, prasRta hone kA avasara pradAna kiyA gyaa| AgamoM kI isa prakAra kI avehalanA avamAnanA ke duSpariNAmasvarUpa dravya paramparAoM ne anAgamika evaM Agama viruddha mAnyatAoM ko caturvidha dharmasaMgha kI dhArmika dainandinI meM praviSTa kara dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko vikRta kara diyA, sudharma gaccha parIkSAkAra ke zabdoM meM caturvidha dharmasaMgha ke prAcAra ko hI dandola DAlA-uthala-puthala, ulaTa-palaTa kara ddaalaa| dharmasaMgha kI isa prakAra kI vikRta avasthA ko dekhakara sarvaprathama mahAmanISi atula sAhasI, zrI varddhamAnasUri ne vikRti kI ora pravRtta hue dharmasaMgha ke uddhAra ke liye kriyoddhAra kA zaMkhanAda pUrA / unhoMne dharmasaMdha meM prathamataH utpanna kI gaI aura tadanantara uttarottara adhikAdhika prarUr3ha kara dI gaI vikRtiyoM ke samUlonmUlana ke liye AmUla-cUla dharmakrAMti kA sUtrapAta karate hue kahA : "hama kevala jinezvara dvArA upadiSTa gaNadharoM athavA caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA grathita athavA caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA niyUMr3ha AgamoM ko hI sarvopari evaM parama prAmANika mAnate haiM, AgamoM se itara anya (grantha) hameM mAnya nahIM hai|" isa prakAra ke sampUrNa kriyoddhAra athavA samagra kAnti ke udghoSa ke uparAMta bhI kAlAntara meM sambhavataH eka do pIr3hI bAda hI unake isa krAMti nAda kI caturvidha saMgha dvArA upekSA kara dI gii| tadanantara varddhamAnasUri ke uttaravartI kAla ke jinajina mahApuruSoM ne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM praviSTa huI vikRtiyoM ke samUlonmUlana ke liye kriyoddhAra kiye vastutaH unheM pUrNa kriyoddhAra kI athavA samagra dharmakrAnti kI saMjJA nahIM dI jA sakatI / vastutaH unhoMne varddhamAnasUri kI bhAMti ekamAtra AgamoM ko hI sarvopari evaM parama prAmANika mAnane kA udghoSa na kara sampUrNa kriyoddhAra ke sthAna para prAMzika kriyoddhAra kiye| "prAgamikagaccha"-isa nAma se pratyeka vijJa vyakti ko yahI AbhAsa hotA hai ki Agamikagaccha ke saMsthApaka mahApuruSa ne kriyoddhAra karate samaya eka mAtra AgamoM ko hI prAmANika aura sarvopari mAnane kA udghoSa kiyA hogaa| kintu isa gaccha ke kArya-kalApoM, isa gaccha kI lambe kAla kI rIti-nItiyoM ke paryavekSaNa se isa prakAra kA koI AbhAsa nahIM milatA ki isa gaccha ke karNadhAroM ne prAgama se bhinna niyuktiyoM-vRttiyoM-bhASyoM aura cUNiyoM ko Agama tulya prAmANika na mAnane kA koI udghoSa kiyA ho / ina saba tathyoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAt yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki varddhamAnasUri Adi jitane bhI dharmoddhArakoM dvArA kriyoddhAra kiye gaye ve vastutaH sarvAMgapUrNa nahIM, aAMzika kriyoddhAra hI the| nIma-hakImoM kI kahAvata ke anusAra ina adhUre-apUrNa kriyoddhAroM ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ko bar3I hAni uThAnI pdd'ii| jina-jina choTI-bar3I katipaya mAnyatAoM ko lekara una mahApuruSoM ne samaya-samaya para jo kriyoddhAra kiye unake kAraNa dharmasaMgha meM gacchoM kI bAr3ha-sI A gaI /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jaina saMgha kI sthiti [ 627 saMgha choTe-choTe Tukar3oM meM vibhakta hokara eka kSINa athavA durbala dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM avaziSTa raha gyaa| isase na kevala jaina dharma saMgha azakta hI huA balki bhinna-bhinna gacchoM kI bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa mahAn dharma saMgha kalaha IrSyA dveSa kA gar3ha-sA bana gayA / isakI dazA dayanIya-sI ho gii| uparivariNata vibhinna gacchoM ke paricaya meM evaM "sudharma gaccha parIkSA" meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke choTe-choTe Tukar3oM meM vibhakta dharma saMgha kI jisa dAruNa dazA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra kI dazA saikar3oM zilAlekhoM se bhI pratidhvanita hotI hai| una zilAlekhoM se sAdhAraNa buddhi vAlA vyakti bhI sahaja hI meM anumAna lagA sakatA hai ki eka hI pradeza meM kitanI bar3I saMkhyA meM gaccha sakriya the evaM apane astitva ko sarvAdhika sazakta banAne ke liye prayatnazIla the / isa prakAra kI bikharAva kI sthiti kA dyotaka eka udAharaNa yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : "pratiSThA lekha saMgraha" nAmaka grantha meM kula milAkara 1200 (bAraha sau) pratiSThA lekhoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| una bAraha sau pratiSThA lekhoM meM kisa-kisa gaccha ke kitane-kitane pratiSThA lekha haiM isa sambandha meM yahAM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : gaccha kA nAma lekha saMkhyA 1. aMcalagaccha 2. Agamagaccha 3. upakezakagaccha 4. kaDavA mati 5. kRSNarSigaccha 6. kRSNarSi tapApakSa 7. komalagaccha khaDAyathagaccha kharataragaccha 10. kharatara madhukaragaccha 11. koraMTagaccha 12. citrApallIyagaccha 13. citrAvAlagaccha 14. citrAvAla thArApadrIya 15. caitragaccha 16. chahitarAgaccha mmxmmmmmxxx
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________________ 628 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 morrord or mr on d2 r 17. jAkhaDiyA gaccha 18. jAloharIya gaccha 16. jIrAulA gaccha 20. jIrApallI gaccha 21. tapAgaccha 22. DekAtrIya gaccha 23. dIvandanIka gaccha 24. dhArA gaccha 25. dharmaghoSa gaccha 26. nAgaragaccha 27. nAgendrakula gaccha 28. nAgorI tapAgaccha 26. nANakIya (jJAnakIya) gaccha 30. nAraNAvAla gaccha 31. nivRtti gaccha 32. pallI gaccha 33. pallIvAla gaccha 34. pArzvadraha gaccha 35. pIpalagaccha . 36. pippalagacche talAjIya *37. pippalagacche tribhaviyA 38. pUrNimApakSIya gaccha 36. pUrNimApakSe kaccholIvAla 40. pUrNimApakSe bhImapallIya . 41. pUriNamApakSe vaTapadrIya 42. brahmANa gaccha 43. vRhadgaccha 44. vRhadgacche jIrAvaTaMke 45. vRhadgacche jIrApallIgaccha 46. vRhadtapA vRddhatapAgaccha 47. boMkaDiyAgaccha 48. boMkaDiyA vRhadgaccha 46. bhAvaDA gaccha 50. bhAvadevAcAryaM gaccha 51. bhInamAla gaccha 52. maMDAhaDa gaccha rorm or mer ord or orm on on 9
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jaina saMgha kI sthiti / 626. sh m sh m ` m w mh mh h 53. maMDAhaDa ratnapurIya gaccha 54. mallaghAragaccha rAjagaccha 56. rAmasenIya gaccha 57. rudrapallIya gaccha 58. vAyaTa gaccha 56. vijayagaccha 60. vidyAdhara gaccha 61. vIrAgaccha 62. vRtrANagaccha 63. vRddha thArApadrIya gaccha 64. sati zAligaccha 65. sAdhu sArddha pUrNimAgaccha 66. siddhAntIgaccha 67. sItaragaccha 68. suvihita pakSagaccha 66. saudharmagaccha 70. saMDera gaccha 71. harSapurIya gaccha 72. hArIjagaccha h h r m m m m m m m digambara saMghoM ke lekhoM kI sUcI: h m 1. kASThA saMgha 2. nanditaTa gaNa 3. devasena saMgha 4. balAtkAragaraNa 5. bAgaDagaccha 6. mAthura saMgha 7. mUla saMgha 8. lADabAgaDa saMgha 6. sarasvatIgaccha m s m sh m lh r isa prakAra eka hI pustaka meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke bahattara (72) aura digambara paramparA ke 9 (nau) pratiSThAlekhoM kA kula milAkara 81 gacchoM, gaNoM evaM saMghoM kA ullekha hai| inameM caityavAsI paramparA ke caurAsI gacchoM ko sammilita kara diyA jAya to ina gaNoM-gacchoM kI saMkhyA 165 ho jAtI hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI
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________________ 630 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 TIle kI khudAI meM upalabdha zvetAmbara paramparA ke vibhinna gaNoM evaM gacchoM ke zilAlekhoM tathA dakSiNApatha meM upalabdha digambara zvetAmbara yApanIya aura kUrcaka saMghoM ke gaNoM evaM gacchoM se sambandhita zilAlekhoM meM jina gaNanAtIta saMghoM, gaNoM evaM gacchoM Adi ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM una sabako uparyu llikhita 165 (eka sau paiMsaTha) gaNoM-gacchoM kI saMkhyA meM sammilita kiye jAne para to eka bRhadAkAra sUcI taiyAra kI jA sakatI hai| zilAlekhoM meM jina gaNoM, gacchoM, matoM Adi kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA tathA jo gaNa, gaccha, saMgha, mata, AmnAya Adi isa dharA se tirohita ho cuke haiM unake viSaya meM gahana khoja ke sAtha gaNoM, gacchoM Adi kI saMkhyA ko yadi usa bRhadAkAra sUcI meM sammilita kiyA jAnA sambhava ho sake to vaha garaNoM, gacchoM, matoM Adi ko sUcI kitanI bRhadAkAra hogI, isakA Aja koI anumAna taka nahIM lagA sktaa| ina saba purAtAtvika upalabdha sAmagriyoM se eka bar3A AzcaryakArI tathya yaha prakAza meM AtA hai ki vIra nirvANa kI eka sahasrAbdi ke anantara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha saikar3oM gaNoM, gacchoM, matoM, saMghoM aura vibhinna prakAra ke bheda-prabhedoM meM vibhakta hokara paraspara eka-dUsare kI AlocanA meM hI apane kartavya kI itizrI samajhane laga gayA thaa| jahAM taka vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA prazna hai, usakI dazA to prAcIna aitihAsika tathyoM ke paryavekSaNa se aura bhI dayanIya dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa sambandha meM hama apanI ora se kucha nahIM kahakara kharataragacchIya AcArya jinavallabhasUri dvArA viracita saMghapaTTaka kI prastAvanA ke zabdoM ko hI yahAM prastuta kara denA paryApta samajhate haiN| prastAvanAkAra ne likhA hai-.......................para caityavAsa zuru thatAM tema ne svagaccha nA bakhAraNa ane paragaccha nI hIlanA karavA maaNddii| eTale parasparavirodhI gaccho UbhA thayA / " ___"gaccha zabda no mUla artha e che ke gaccha athavA gaNa-eTale sAdhuoM nu TolumATe gaccha zabda kAMI kharAba nathI, paNa gaccha mATe ahaMkAra mamatva ke kadAgraha karavo teja kharAba cha / chatAM caityavAsa mAM tevo kadAgraha vadhavA maaNddyo| prA Upara thI tetro mAM kusampa badhyo, aikya truttyu| have. eka gaccha mAM thI corAsI gaccha thaI pdd'yaa| tezro ekameka ne toDavA mAMDyA ane A rIte samAdhimaya dharma nA sthAne kalaha kaMkAsamaya adharma nA bIja ropaayaaN| pAMcavAM pArA rUpa avasarpiNI kAla eTale paDato kAla to hamezA AvyA kare paNa agAU kAMI A jainadharma mAM AvI dhAMdhala UbhI thaI nathI paNa hamaNAM no paDato kAla sAdhAraNa rIte paDatA kAla nA karatAM kaIMka judI taraha no hovA thI te huMDa eTale atizaya ma~Do hovAthI tene huMDAva
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] . jaina saMgha kI sthiti [ 631 sapiNI kAla kahevA mAM pAvyo che| Avo kAla anantI avasapiriNayo bItatAM ja Ave che / tevo pA cAlU kAla thayo che / te sAthe vIra prabhu nA nirvANa vagate be hajAra varSa no bhasma graha beThelo te sAthe malyo, tema ja tenI sAthe asaMyati pUjA rUpa dasamo achero potA nu jora batAvyA lAgyo / ema cAroM saMyogo bhegA thavA thI yA caityavAsa rUpa kumArga jaina dharma nA nAme comera phelAvA mAMDyo / guruyo svArthI thaI yogyAyogya no vicAra paDato mUkI jo hAtha mAM prAvyo te ne mUMDI ne potA nA vADA badhAravA mAMDyA / ane chevaTe becAtA celA laI vinA verAgye tema ne potA nA vArasa tarIke nIMvavA mAMDyA / have kahevata chaI ke yathA gurustathA ziSyo, yathA rAjA tathA prjaa| te pramANe gurugro zithila thatAM temane tathA nIce nA yatiyo temanA karatAM paNa vadhu zithila thayA / tesro davA dAru, DorA dhAgA vagaira karIne loko ne vaza mA rAkhavA lAgyA / vepAra karavA lAgyA tathA khetI vADI suddhA karavA tatpara thayA / tema chatAM tezro potA ne mahAvIra prabhu nA vArisa celAmo tarIke aolakhAvI potA nu bhAna sAMcavavA mAMDyA / . ANI mera temanA rAgI zrAvako aAMdhA baraNI temanA paMjA mAM saMpaDAI tero je kAMI eMrUdha catusamajhAve te badhu vagaira vicAre ane vagaira takarAre hAM jI hAM jI karI svIkAravA laagyaa| kAraNa ke loko nu mukhya bhAga hamezA bholo rahe / tethI tevA bholAyo ne, kapaTIvezadhArI caityavAsiyo aneka bAhanA UbhA karI ne ThagavA maaNddyaa............| prA mAmalo eTale laga badhyo ke nirgrantha mArga virala thaI paDyo / nirgrantha pravacana para tAlA devaayaa| ane kapola kalpita grantho tema nI jagyA e UbhA karavA mAM AvyA / eTaluja nahIM pnn............| apUrNa evaM yAMzika kriyoddhAroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa vibhinna gacchoM kI utpatti, gacchoM meM vyApta pArasparika kleSa, dveSa, vaimanasya kalaha ke pariNAmasvarUpa zramaNa varga meM zithilAcAra kisa dayanIya sthiti meM pahuMca cukA thA isa sambandha meM tapApakSIya rAjavijayasUri gaccha kI paTTAvalI kA nimnalikhita ullekha pratyeka sacce jaina ke liye cintanIya evaM mananIya hai :-- "58veM pATa para zrI prAnanda vimalasUri hae / eka samaya pAbU para yAtrArtha gye| sUri jI caturmukha caitya meM darzana kara vimala vasahI ke darzanArtha gye| gabhArA ke bAhara khar3e darzana kara rahe the, usa samaya arbudA devI zrAvikA ke rUpa meM prAcArya ke dRSTi-gocara huii| AcArya zrI ne use pahacAna liyA aura kahA-"devI ! tuma zAsana bhakta ke hote hue lugA ke anuyAyI jina mandira
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________________ 632 ] [ jana dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 aura jina pratimAoM kA virodha karate hue logoM ko jaina mArga se zraddhAhIna banA rahe haiM, tumhAre jaisoM ko to aise matoM ko mUla se ukhAr3a DAlanA caahiye|' yaha sunakara devI bolI-"pUjya ! maiM Apako sahasrauSadhi kA cUrNa detI haiN| vaha jisake sira para Apa DAleMge vaha aApakA zrAvaka bana jAyegA aura ApakI prAjJAnusAra clegaa|' isake bAda arbudA devI prAcAryazrI ko yogya bhalAmaNa dekara adRSya ho gii| bAda meM prAcArya vahAM se vihAra karate hue virala (visala) nagara pahuMce, vahIM zrI vijayadAnasUri cAturmAsya rahe hue the, vahIM pAkara grAnanda vimalamUrijI ne devI praznAdika saba bAteM vijayadAnasUrijI ko sunAyI, jisase ve bhI isa kAma ke lie taiyAra hue, vahAM se Ananda vimalasUri aura vijayadAnasUri ahamadAbAda ke pAsa gAMva bArejA meM rAjasUrijI ke pAsa Ae aura kahA-"hama donoM lukA mata kA prasAra rokane ke kAryArtha tatpara haiM, tuma bhI isa kAma ke lie taiyAra ho jaao|" yaha kahakara zrI Ananda vimalasUri jI ne kahA-mere paTTadhara vijayadAnasUri haiM hI aura vijayadAnasUri ke uttarAdhikArI zrI rAjavijayasUri ko niyata karake apana tInoM prAcArya tapAgaccha ke mArga kI maryAdA nizcita karake apane uddezya ke liye pravRtta ho jAeM / Ananda vimalasUrijI ne zrI rAjavijayasUri ko kahA-tuma vidvAn ho isaliye hama tumhAre pAsa Aye haiM, lukAmati jinazAsana kA lopa kara rahe haiM, merA AyuSya to aba parimita hai, parantu tuma donoM yogya ho, vidvAn ho aura parigraha sambandhI moha chor3akara vahIvaTa kI baTiyAM jala meM ghola dI haiM, savA mana sone kI mUrti andhakUpa meM DAla dI, savA pAva sera motiyoM kA cUrA karavA ke phaika diyA hai dUsarA bhI sabhI prakAra kA parigraha chor3a diyA hai| zrI rAjavijaya sUri ne samvat 1582 meM kriyoddhAra karane vAle laghuzAlika prAcAryazrI Ananda vimalasUri ke pAsa yogodvahana karake zrI rAjavijayasUri nAma rakhA, bAda meM tInoM prAcAryoM ne apane-apane parivAra ke sAtha bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM vihAra kiyaa|'' zrI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI sUtra kI gAthA saMkhyA 18 kI vyAkhyA meM likhA hai : "aAnandavimalasUri ke samaya meM sAdhunoM meM zithilatA adhika bar3ha gaI thI, udhara pratimA virodhI tathA sAdhu virodhI lupaka tathA kaTuka mata ke anuyAyiyoM kA pracAra pratidina bar3ha rahA thaa| isa paristhiti ko dekhakara prAnandavimalasUri jI ne apane paTTaguru prAcArya kI AjJA se zithilAcAra 1. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha pRSTha 188-186
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] jaina saMgha kI sthiti [ 633 kA parityAga rUpa kriyoddhAra kiyaa| Apake isa kriyoddhAra meM katipaya saMvigna sAdhuoM ne sAtha diyA, yaha kriyoddhAra Apane 1582 ke varSa meM kiyA / ApakI isa tyAgavRtti se prabhAvita hokara aneka gRhasthoM ne 'lukAmata' tathA 'kaDuaAmata' kA tyAga kiyA aura kaI kuTumba Adi kA moha chor3akara dIkSita bhI huye / ...... ___kriyoddhAra karane ke bAda zrI Ananda vimalasUri jI ne 14 varSa taka kama se kama SaSThatapa karane kA abhigraha rakhA / Apane upavAsa tathA chaTTha se 20 sthAnaka tapa kA ArAdhana kiyA, isake atirikta aneka vikRSTa tapa karake anta meM ( vi. saM.) 1566 meM caitra sudi meM AlocanApUrvaka anazana karake nava upavAsa ke anta meM ahamadAbAda nagara meM svargavAsI hue|"1 uparyullikhita tathya isa bAta ke prabala pramANa haiM ki caityavAsiyoM dvArA zramaNAcAra meM jo ghora zithilAcAra praviSTa kiyA gayA, usakA prabhAva vikrama saMvat 1080 kI avadhi se lekara vikrama saMvat 1582 taka kI avadhi ke bIca kiye gaye aneka kriyoddhAroM ke uparAnta bhI jaina dharma saMgha para nyUnAdhika rUpa meM banA hI rhaa| catyavAsI paramparA aura suvihita kahI jAne vAlI paramparAoM ke prAcIna ullekhoM evaM ghaTanA-kramoM ke tulanAtmaka paryavekSaNa se yaha eka bar3A hI vismayakArI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki caityavAsI paramparA dvArA AviSkRta aneka mAnyatAoM kA prabhAva suvihita paramparAoM para aneka prakAra ke kriyoddhAroM ke uparAnta bhI banA rahA / isa sambandha meM eka vismayakArI tathya yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai - caityavAsI paramparA ke sUtradhAroM va karNadhAroM ne sarvajJa praNIta AgamoM kI apekSA bhI apanI kapola kalpanA ko, apane mastiSka va buddhi kI upaja ko apanI svArthasiddhi ke liye sarvopari prAmANika mAnate hue caityavAsI sAdhuoM ke liye jo dasa niyama banAye the, unameM prAgamoM ke viruddha eka prakAra se khulA vidroha ghoSita karane vAlA navamAM niyama isa prakAra hai : "sAdhu isa prakAra kI kriyAoM kA svayaM AcaraNa kareM tathA una kriyAoM ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA upadeza evaM pracAra-prasAra kara logoM se una kriyAoM kA pAlana karavAeM jo zanaiH zanai: mokSa-mArga kI ora le jAne vAlI haiM / yadi isa prakAra kI kriyAoM kA, bAtoM kA, vidhi-vidhAnoM kA AgamoM meM ullekha nahIM hai, to AgamoM kI upekSA kreN| AgamoM meM yadi una kriyAoM kA niSedha hai to Agama vacana kA anAdara karake bhI una 1. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha pRSTha 153-154
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kriyAoM ko svayaM karatA rahe tathA dUsaroM se una kriyAoM kA prAcaraNa karavAtA rahe, kyoMki bhagavAn kA siddhAnta anekAntamaya hai| amuka kArya ekAntata: karanA hI cAhiye aura amuka kArya ekAntataH nahIM karanA cAhiye aisA koI nirdeza jaina siddhAnta meM nahIM hai| aneka prakaraNIya kAryoM ke karane aura aneka karane yogya kAryoM ke na karane kA ullekha aAgamoM meM aneka sthAnoM para hai|" isa prakAra ke niyama ke bana jAne se caityavAsiyoM ko pAgama viruddha prAcAravicAra, mAnyatA, rIti-rivAja Adi ko apane saMgha meM pracalita karane karAne tathA zithilAcAra kA avalambana lene kA khulA avasara prApta ho gyaa| - ThIka isI prakAra prathama kriyoddhAraka prAcArya varddhamAnasUri dvArA yadyapi pATana kI rAjya sabhA meM isa prakAra kI spaSTa rUpa se ghoSaNA kI gaI thI ki hameM kevala gaNadharoM evaM caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA grathita Agama hI mAnya haiM, na ki koI itara grantha, tathApi Age calakara na kevala varddhamAnasUri dvArA saMsthApita zramaNa paramparA meM hI apitu suvihita kahI jAne vAlI prAyaH sabhI paramparAoM meM paMcAMgI ko arthAt Agama aura pAgama ke samAna hI niyukti bhASya cariNa aura TIkA ko bhI parama prAmANika mAnanA prArambha kara diyaa| isa prakAra zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nitAnta adhyAtma paraka dharma saMgha meM aneka prakAra kI anAgamika mAnyatAoM, grADambarapUrNa vidhi-vidhAnoM ko praviSTa hone kA pravezadvAra sadA-sadA ke liye khola diyaa| isa sabakA ghora duSpariNAma yaha huA ki suvihita kahI jAne vAlI paramparAoM ke zramaNavarga bhI zithilAcAra aura parigraha saMgraha Adi meM caityavAsI paramparA ke sAdhuoM kI barAbarI karane lge| antatogatvA aparipUrNa kriyoddhAroM aura prAMzika dharmakrAMtiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina saMgha meM gacchoM kI bAr3ha ke sAthasAtha jo pArasparika vidveSa kI Aga bhar3akI usa kalaha evaM vidveSa kI prAga ne yati paramparA ko janma diyA / pArasparika vidveSa, kalaha evaM eka-dUsare ko nIcA dikhAne kI, hIna siddha karane kI, sarvavyApI vRtti se Ubakara zithilAcAragrasta katipaya zramaraNoM ne yantra-mantra-tantra, nimittajJAna, muhUrta Adi laukika vijJAna kA Azraya le apane jIvana-nirvAha ke liye dhana saMcaya karanA, parigraha baToranA, prArambha kiyaa| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vizvakalyANakArI dharmasaMgha kI isa prakAra kI dayanIya paristhiti me dravita hokara lokAzAha ne ekamAtra Agama ko hI sarvopari evaM parama prAmANika mAnane ke udghoSa ke sAtha sampUrNa dharmakrAMtirUpa' pUrNa kriyoddhAra kA zaMkhanAda puuraa|
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________________ dharmoddhAraka saddharmamArtaNDa zrI lokAzAha kA AryadharA para AvirbhAva yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhArata / abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham / / gItA ke mAdhyama se saMsAra ke samakSa sArthaka amogha sUkti ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA yaha ghoSa vIra nirvANa kI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM antatogatvA caritArtha huA / jaisA ki batAyA jA cukA hai, jisa samaya jaina saMgha sAtazIlatvaparaka haThAgrahapUrNa agaNita vibhedoM meM vibhakta evaM kSINa ho pArasparika kalaha, vidveSa evaM asahiSNutAjanya dhArmika saMgharSa kI krIr3AsthalI bana cukA thA, zithilAcAra ke ghane kohare meM vizuddha zramaNAcAra eka prakAra se ojhala sA ho gayA thA, bAhyADambaroM ke ghanaghora ghaTATopa meM saddharma kA mUla AdhyAtmika svarUpa grahazya prAyaH ho cukA thA, muktipathapradarzaka sAdhu-sAdhvI varga sAtazIlatvavazAt jainadharma ke mUla siddhAntoM athavA Agamika pradezoM se eka prakAra se nitAnta vimukha ho svayaM zramaNoM ke lie ekAntataH anAdeya - granAcaraNIya bhaviSyakathana, zrauSadhopacAra, yantra-tantra-mantra Adi ke mAdhyama se parigraha tathA prabhAvArjana kI daur3a meM dattacitta ho sarvAtmanA - sarvabhAvena agrasara ho rahA thA, zithilAcAra meM grAkaNTha nimagna ho gayA thA, zAstrokta vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA trividha yoMga trividha karaNa se paripAlana karane vAle zramaraNa-zramaNiyoM ke darzana taka durlabha ho cuke the, dharma kA vizuddha svarUpa jisa samaya bhautika kAryakalApoM se prota-prota bAhyADambara ke gahaDambara ghaTATopa meM sA gayA thA, usa samaya saddharmamArtaNDa, dharmaprAraNa loMkAzAha kA ekamAtra dharmoddhAra ke lakSya se AryadharA para zrAvirbhAva huA / janma-janmAntaroM kI prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura pUrvopArjita puNya ke pratApa ke pariNAmasvarUpa lokAzAha apane zaizavakAla athavA bAlyakAla se hI prabuddha evaM dharma ke prati apane karttavyoM ke prati jAgarUka the / prANimAtra ke sahI arthoM meM trAtA, jagadaikabandhu zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM apane samaya meM vyApta antardvandva, pArasparika kalaha, Agama viruddha AcAra-vicAra, sAmpradAyika vyAmoha, jainadharma ke muktipradAyI prAdhyAtmika patha se pratikUla dizA meM bhautikatA kI prADambarapUrNa daur3a kI ora catuvidha saMgha kI sArvatrika sakriya abhiruci evaM sarva sAvadya kAryakalApoM se jIvana paryanta virata rahane kI dRr3ha pratijJA ke sAtha paMca mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle zramaNa zramaraNI varga kI prArambhasamA chupa
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________________ 636 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 rambhapUrNa kAryoM meM sarvopari viziSTa sakriya abhiruci Adi Agama-viruddha pravRttiyoM ko dekhakara loMkAzAha kA antarmana Andolita ho tar3apa uThA / unhoMne sarvajJapraNIta AgamoM evaM prAgamoM ke praNayana ke lagabhaga gyAraha sau se lekara bAraha sau-teraha sau varSa pazcAt taka samaya-samaya para aneka prAcAryoM dvArA nirmita niyuktiyoM, vRttiyoM, cUNiyoM evaM bhASyoM Adi prAgamika sAhitya kA adhyayana, nididhyAsana, avagAhana AloDana-viloDana tathA antanirIkSaNa kiyaa| AgamoM ke nididhyAsana, cintanamanana se lokAzAha ne anubhava kiyA ki na kevala zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga kA hI apitu zramaNa-zramaNI varga kA pravAha bhI sarvajJapraNIta AgamoM meM nirdiSTa muktiprada adhyAtmapatha se nitAnta pratikUla dizA kI ora pravAhita ho rahA hai| paMca mahAvratoM kI dIkSA grahaNa karane vAlA eka prakAra se pUrA kA pUrA sAdhuvarga sAtazIlatva ke vazIbhUta ho uttarottara adhikAdhika zithilAcAra ke gahana paMkila garta meM DUbatA calA jA rahA hai, parigraha ke ambAra meM pAnakhazikha nimagna ho rahA hai| zithilAcAra ke dAsa bane sAdhu-sAdhvI varga ne Agama-virodhI ADambarapUrNa bhautika pravattiyAM caturvidha saMgha ke mAnasa meM pracalita-pravAhita kara na kevala zramaNAcAra ko hI apitu ahiMsApradhAna-dayAprANa evaM adhyAtmaparaka jaina dharma ke AgamAnusArI vizuddha mUla svarUpa ko bhI AmUla-cUlataH parivartita kara vikRta banA diyA hai| dharmadhurAdhaureya bane ina dravya-paramparAoM ke zithilAcAronmukhI prAcAryoM evaM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke vargoM ne vizva ke prANimAtra ke hitaMkara tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpitapradarzita koTi-koTi sUrya sama prabha jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa kI ThIka usI prakAra kI dazA kara dI hai, jisa prakAra kI ki kAlI-kAlI saghana ghanaghaTAnoM ke prATopa kI proTa meM chupe sUrya kii| vizvakalyANakArI jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa para chAye bAhyADambara bhautika karmakANDa evaM zithilAcAra ke ghane kAle bAdala tulya ghaTATopa ko chinna-bhinna karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa liye lokAzAha ne adamya sAhasa evaM zaurya ke sAtha vi0 saM0 1508 meM pAgamAnusAriNI sarvAMgapUrNa dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| eka yugapravartaka mahApuruSa meM jitane uttama guNa anivAryarUpeNa Avazyaka athavA apekSita hote haiM, ve saba guNa apane samaya ke anupama AtmabalI lokAzAha meM parisphuTita evaM vidyuta vega se vikasita ho cuke the| unakI vANI meM amita oja evaM amRtopama mAdhurya ke sAtha-sAtha prabala prabhAva pracura mAtrA meM vidyamAna thaa| unakI lekhinI meM avitatha tathya ko yathArtha meM yathAtathyarUpeNa prakaTa karane, pratipAdita karane athavA prastuta karane kI adbhuta kSamatA thii| unhoMne vANI ke sAtha-sAtha lekhinI ke mAdhyama se sarvajJaprarUpita, sarvadarzI dvArA prazita saddharma ke prAgamAnusArI mUla svarUpa ko jana-jana ke samakSa prakaTa, prastuta evaM prakAzita karanA prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne ekAdazAMgI ke pramukha evaM prathama aMga prAcArAMga tathA sUtrakRtAMga Adi AgamoM ke AdhAra para apane upadezoM evaM sarvajJa-sarvadarzI zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke amogha upadezoM ke prAdhAra
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokazAha [ 637 para gaNadharoM dvArA grathita AgamoM ke nicor3a - niSkarSa rUpa meM svayaM dvArA usa samaya kI lokabhASA meM likhe gaye boloM, praznoM Adi ke mAdhyama se jana-jana ke mana, mastiSka evaM hRdaya meM isa prakAra kI aTUTa grAsthA utpanna kara dI ki ahiMsAmUlaka, dayApradhAna jainadharma meM choTI-bar3I kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA ke liye koI sthAna nahIM hai, praNumAtra bhI avakAza nahIM hai, adhyAtmaparaka jainadharma meM dravyArcana - dravyapUjA prAdi ke rUpa meM mUrtipUjA evaM bAhyADambara ke lie kahIM koI kiMcitmAtra bhI sthAna nahIM hai / lokAzAha ne "ghammo maMgalamuTThi, ahiMsA saMjamo tavo / " ke anAdi zAzvata prAgamika udghoSa ke sAtha saddharma kA divyaghoSa guMjarita kara AryadharA ke isa chora se usa chora taka jana-jana ke mAnasa meM dharma - krAnti kI kabhI na TUTane vAlI akSaya amara lahara taraMgita kara dI / zAha kI lekhanI aura vANI ke mAdhyama se paMca mahAvratadhArI zramaNoM ke zramaNAcAra ke vizuddha mUla zAstrIya svarUpa ko, vizvabandhutva kA pATha par3hAne vAle vizvadharma jaina dharma ke sarvajJapradarzita vizuddha prAgamika svarUpa ko suna kara to loga tatkAlIna zramaraNa-zramaNI varga meM vyApta parigraha, Arambha-samArambhapradhAna zithilAcAra ke viruddha khulA vidroha karane ke liye kaTibaddha ho gaye / parigraha ke paMka meM prAkaNTha nimagna sAdhu nAmadhArI yativarga ke kheme meM loMkAzAha ke zAstrasammata zaMkhanAda se bhayaMkara bhUkampa sA A gayA | nAmadhArI zramaNoM ke anekAneka vibhinna gacchoM ke prAcAryo, maThAdhIzoM evaM zrIpUjyoM ko bahIvaTa ( upAsaka gRhastha varga ke nAmoM kI sUciyoM vAlI bahiyoM) se svarNa, rajata, motI, svarNa tathA rajata se nirmita pAlakiyoM, char3I, chatra, cAmaroM kI bheMTa prAdi ke rUpa meM jo vipula dravya kI bArahoM mAsa anavarata prAya hotI thI, usa Aya ke srota avaruddha hone lage, zanaiH zanaiH banda hone lage / apanI ajasra prAya evaM sukha-suvidhAoM meM isa prakAra kI apratyAzita kSati se ve loga tilamilA uThe / ve saba mila kara ekajuTa ho zAma dAma daNDa bheda Adi kI yatheccha nItiyAM apanAkara bar3I hI tatparatA se loMkAzAha kA virodha karane lage / ve graharniza lokAzAha ke viruddha chala-prapaMcapUrNa SaDyantroM kI racanA meM nirata rahane lage / zithilAcAragrasta dravya paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM zrAvakazrAvikAoM dvArA kiye gaye ghora virodha, upasargoM evaM vighna-bAdhAoM se loMkAzAha kiMcitamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue / sarvAMgapUrNa samagra krAnti ke kaNTakAkIrNa prazasta patha para unake caraNa grAgamika uddharaNoM ke udghoSoM ke sAtha uttarottara zatazataguNita vega se Age kI ora hI bar3hate cale gaye / ekamAtra prAgamoM para AdhArita unake upadezoM meM, virodhiyoM se, prabhu vIra dvArA pradarzita prazasta patha se bhaTake logoM se, zithilAcAra meM nimagna tyAgI varga se unake dvArA pUche gaye praznoM meM evaM sampUrNa
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________________ 638 ] [ jaMna dharma kA molika itihAsa - bhAga 4 Agama sAhitya ke gravagAhanAnantara niSkarSa grathavA nicor3a ke rUpa meM nirmita aura jana-jana ke samakSa prastuta kiye gaye sAragarbhita "boloM" meM aisA sadyaH prabhAvakArI jAdU thA ki mumukSujana udvelita sAgara kI bhAMti lokAzAha ke prAgamika upadezoM ko sunane ke liye cAroM ora se umar3ane aura jainadharma ke sarvajJapraraNIta prAgamika vizuddha svarUpa ke pragAr3ha niSThAvAn anuyAyI banakara lokAzAha dvArA sUtrita samagra dharmakrAntiko sazakta banAne meM sakriya sahayoga dene lage / lokAzAha ne zithilAcAra kA aura dharma ke nAma para zithilAcAriyoM dvArA jaina saMgha meM pracalita kiye gaye bAhyADambarapUrNa karmakANDoM evaM bhautika vidhi-vidhAnoM kA spaSTa zabdoM meM DaMke kI coTa DaTa kara virodha karate hue dharma ke vizuddha prAgamika svarUpa ko sunane-samajhane ke liye pratidina upasthita hone vAle janasamUha ko sAra rUpa meM samajhAnA prArambha kiyA ki jinezvara prabhu dvArA AgamoM meM pradarzita muktipradAyI dharmapatha para calane vAlA mumukSu hI vastutaH saccA jaina hai / jinezvara bha0 mahAvIra ke upadezoM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA dRbdha athavA nirmita zrAgama hI vastutaH pratyeka jaina ke liye sarvopari mAnya evaM parama prAmANika hai / jinavANI meM, sarvajJapraNIta grAgamoM meM jinamandira nirmAraNa, pratibhA pratiSThA, jinezvaroM kI pratimAtroM meM prANapratiSThA karane kI vidhi, jinapratimAoM meM prANapratiSThA kA vidhAna, mUrtipUjA, tIrthayAtrA ra panI-apanI bAr3ebandI ke uddezya se svadharmIvAtsalya ( sAmIvacchala ) ke nAma para, pratiSThA Adi mahotsavoM ke prasaMga meM ekatrita logoM ko dInAreM Adi bahumUlya vastueM prItidAna ke rUpa meM dene kA na to kahIM koI vidhAna hI hai aura na nAmamAtra ke liye bhI ullekha taka hI / grAgamoM ke mUla uddharaNa jijJAsu zrotAoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue loMkAzAha ne unheM batAyA ki tIrthapravartanakAla meM grAyavirta ke kisI bhI nagara, grAma athavA sthAna meM kahIM bhI jinamandiroM kA, jinacaityoM evaM jinapratimAoM kA astitva taka nahIM thA / yadi bha0 mahAvIra ke samaya meM jinezvaroM ke caitya - jinamandira hote to prabhu mahAvIra yakSoM ke caityoM-yakSAyatanoM kI hI bhAMti athavA yakSAyatanoM ke sthAna para kabhI na kabhI kisI na kisI jinamandira meM bhI Thaharate aura sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpI catuvidha saMgha ko pratimAvandana, gRhastha varga ko caitya - jinamandira- jinaprAsAda, unameM pratimAtroM kI pratisthApanA, niraMjana - nirAkAra, zuddha, buddha, mukta jinezvaroM kI mUrtiyoM meM akSaya-anyAbAdhaavyaya - ananta zAzvata sukhadhAma zivadhAma meM virAjamAna jinezvaroM ke prAraNoM kI pratiSThA karane ke mantra-tantra, vidhi-vidhAna 'jinapratimA jinasArakhI' banAne kI vidhi evaM unakI isa prakAra prANapratiSThita pratimAdyoM kI patra, puSpa, phala, toya, dhUpa, dIpa, naivedya Adi se dravyArcana, dravyapUjA Adi kA spaSTa zabdoM meM prabhu mahAvIra gravazyameva upadeza dete / isa sambandha meM prAgamika zAzvata satya para prakAza DAlate hue dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha ne apane upadezoM meM jana-jana ke samakSa kahA - "kevalajJAna kevaladarzana
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 636 ke prakaTa hone ke anantara bhavatApa se saMtrasta-saMtapta saMsArI prANiyoM kI dAruNa duHkhapUrNa dayanIya dazA para dravita ho pratyeka tIrthaMkara ne prANimAtra ke hita ke liye dayA kara pravacana pharamAye / una pravacanoM meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ne janma, jarA, prAdhi, vyAdhi Adi duHkhoM se sadA-sarvadA ke liye mukti prApta karane ke sabhI upAyoM para prakAza DAla kara saMsArI prANiyoM ko mukti kA prazasta patha pradarzita kiyaa| samayasamaya para hue pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke gaNadharoM ne apane tIrthezvara ke una pravacanoM ke AdhAra para dvAdazAMgI apara nAma gaNipiTaka kI racanA kii| bhavapAza ko kATa kara zuddha-buddha-mukta hone ke jitane bhI upAya, sAdhana, bhAva athavA kArya ho sakate haiM, una saba para pratyeka sarvajJa, sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara ne apane-apane dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA ke samaya pUrNa prakAza DAlA aura unake gaNadharoM ne una saba bhAvoM, upAyoM, sAdhanoM athavA kAryoM ko vizada rUpa se dvAdazAMgI meM dRvdha kara sahasroM sahasra bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke liye mukti ke prazasta patha ko prakAzamAna rakhane kA amara kArya sampanna kiyA / kisa-kisa prakAra kI sAdhanA dvArA, kina-kina upAyoM evaM kAryoM athavA sAdhanoM dvArA bhavabhramaNa se, bhavatApa se chuTakArA, saMsAra ke sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM kA mUlataH anta kara ananta-akSaya-pravyAbAdha-zAzvata zivasukha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, una saba upAyoM ko dvAdazAMgI meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai, una upAyoM meM se kisI eka bhI upAya ko dvAdazAMgI meM chor3A nahIM gayA hai|" "anAdi atIta ke tIrthaMkaroM kI hI bhAMti zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI kevalyopalabdhi ke anantara"-"savva jaga-jIva rakkharaNa-dayaTThayAe bhagavayA pAvayaNaM sukahiyaM" dvAdazAMgI ke dazama aMga praznavyAkaraNasUtra (dvitIya bhAga, prathama saMvara dvAra) ke isa pAgama vacana ke anusAra bhavatApasaMtapta saMsArI prANiyoM para dayA kara unakI rakSA ke liye, athAha duHkhasAgara saMsAra se unakA uddhAra karane ke liye dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karate hue pravacana pharamAye (kahe), jinameM mukti prApti ke sabhI upAyoM, kAryoM, bhAvoM athavA sAdhanoM para prabhu ne pUrNa rUpa se prakAza ddaalaa| prabhu mahAvIra ke una pravacanoM ke AdhAra para gautama Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM ne "gariNapiTaka ke nAma se abhihita kI jAne vAlI dvAdazAMgI ko dRbdha kiyA / " "sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke pravacanoM meM jIvAdi mUla bhAvoM kI samAnatA evaM ekarUpatA rahatI hai, isI kAraNa-icceiyaM duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM na kayAI nAsI, na kayAI na bhavai, na kayAi na bhavissai, bhuvi ca bhavaI ya bhavissai ya, dhuve, nigrae, sAsae, akkhae, avvae, avaTThie nicce"-dvAdazAMgI ke caturtha aMga samavAyAMga (sUtra 185) ke isa sUtra ke anusAra dvAdazAMgI ko anAdyananta-zAzvata mAnA gayA hai| "icceiyaM duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM vucchittinayaTThAe sAiyaM sapajjavasiyaM, abucchittinayaTThAe araNAiyaM apajjavasiyaM"-nandIsUtra (sUtra 42) ke isa ullekhAnusAra pAMca bharata tathA pAMca eravata ina daza kSetroM meM samaya-samaya para aMgazAstroM ke viccheda aura tIrthakarakAla meM inakI racanA ke kAraNa sAdi saparyavasita tathA pAMca mahAvideha
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________________ 640 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kSetroM meM zAzvata rUpa se vidyamAna rahane ke kAraNa anAdi aparyavasita mAnA gayA hai|" lokAzAha ne jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke samakSa isa tathya ko rakhA ki AgamoM meM isa prakAra anAdi evaM ananta mAnI gayI dvAdazAMgI meM jinamandira ke nirmANa, jinezvaroM kI mUrti kI pratiSThA-arcA-pUjA, tIrthayAtrA Adi kA kahIM nAma-mAtra ke liye bhI ullekha nahIM hai / atIta kI ananta cauvIsiyoM evaM pravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla kI cauvIsI ke kisI bhI tIrthaMkara prabhu ne apane pravacanoM meM kabhI isa prakAra kA upadeza nahIM diyA ki jinamandira nirmANa, jinapratimApUjA, jinapratimApratiSThA athavA jinapratimA ke vandana se prANI ko mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha ekAdazAMgI meM eka bhI isa prakAra kA ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, jisameM gaNadhara, zramaNa athavA zramaNIvarga ke liye jinapratimA ke vandana kA, Ananda Adi kisI bhI zrAvakottama evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikA Adi gRhastha varga ke liye jinamandira nirmANa, jinapratimA-pratiSThA, jinapratimApUjA kA vidhAna athavA upadeza kiyA gayA ho, kisI bhI sAdhaka vA zrAvakottama ne caitya-nirmANa, pratimAnirmANa, pratimA pUjA Adi meM se kisI eka bhI kArya kA niSpAdana kiyA ho|" zrImadbhagavadgItA meM to spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai - patraM puSpaM phalaM toyaM, yo me bhakta yA prayacchati / tadahaM bhakta yupaha tamaznAmi prayatAtmanaH / / 26 a06|| yadi jaina dharma meM jala, phala, patra puSpAdi se pratimA ke pUjana, pratimA kI pratiSThA, tIrthayAtrA, tIrthavandana, caitya nirmANa Adi ke liye mukti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM sthAna hotA to kahIM na kahIM prabhu mahAvIra apane pravacanoM meM tathA gaNadhara jagadguru zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke pravacanoM ke AdhAra para nirmita dvAdazAMgI ke kisI bhI aMgazAstra meM nirdeza athavA ullekha avazyameva karate / gaNipiTaka meM isa prakAra ke ullekha ke abhAva se yahI siddha hotA hai ki anAdi ananta-zAzvata gaNipiTaka meM, jinezvara dvArA pratiSThApita dharmatIrtha ke vidhi-vidhAnoM meM dravyapUjA, dravyArcanA, mandira-mUrti nirmANa Adi ke liye koI lavaleza mAtra bhI sthAna nahIM hai|" ___"trikAlavartI bhAvoM ko hastAmalakavat yugapad jAnane dekhane vAle jagattrAtA jinezvaroM se yaha Atyantika mahatva kA tathya chupA raha gayA ho ki jinamandiroM ke nirmANa, pratimApUjA, jinapratimA-vandana Adi ke mAdhyama se bhI prANI saba duHkhoM kA anta kara mukti prApta kara sakatA hai aura isa tathya ko pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM ne vilupta caturdaza pUrvo meM se khoja kara cariNayoM, niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, vRttiyoM athavA pratiSThAvidhiyoM meM prakaTa kiyA ho, isa prakAra kI kalpanA to nitAnta mithyAbhinivezAbhibhUta pravacanoDDAhaka hI kara sakatA hai|" lokAzAha ne apane upadezoM, boloM, praznoM
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 641 Adi ke mAdhyama se AgamoM ke anekAneka uddharaNoM-pramAraNoM ko prastuta kara jana-jana ke samakSa etadviSayaka vAstavikatA ko prakaTa karate hue kahA--"vastusthiti yaha hai ki AgamoM meM isa prakAra kA kahIM koI kiMcitmAtra bhI ullekha nahIM hai| nitAnta adhyAtmavAdI jainadharma meM bAhyADambarapUrNa bhautika vidhividhAnoM, caitya nirmANa, pratimApUjA, tIrthayAtrA Adi kA samAveza vIra nirvANa ke anantara aneka zatAbdiyoM pazcAt niyata nivAsI-caityavAsI maThAdhIzoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| apanI kapola kalpanA ke AdhAra para jaina dharmasaMgha meM dharma ke nAma para praviSTa kiye gaye ADambarapUrNa bhautika vidhi-vidhAnoM ko paramparAgata siddha karane ke uddezya se caityavAsiyoM dvArA nigamopaniSadoM kI racanAeM kI giiN| una nigamopaniSadoM kI gaharI chApa niyuktiyoM, vRttiyoM, cUNiyoM evaM bhASyoM para spaSTataH dRSTigocara hotI hai| isI kAraNa kisI bhI sacce jaina ke liye nigamopaniSadoM kI bhAMti niyuktiyAM, vRttiyAM, cUNiyAM aura bhASya akSaraza: mAnya nahIM haiM / jaina mAtra ke liye jinopadiSTa kevala aAgama hI mAnya haiM, na ki sampUrNa pNcaaNgii| lokAzAha ke athAha prAgamajJAna ne evaM prAgamoM ke AdhAra para diye gaye unake upadezoM ne logoM ko prabhAvita kiyA aura lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM jaina dharmAvalambI prabuddha ho apane zithilAcArI kulaguruoM, prAgamaviruddha AcaraNa karane vAle parigrahI prAcAryoM evaM maThAdhIzoM se apanA dAmana chur3A lokAzAha dvArA pradarzita vizuddha Agamika patha ke pathika bana gaye / sampUrNa gujarAta, mAravAr3a, mevAr3a, DhUMDhAr3a aura uttarapradeza meM AgarA taka ke nagaroM evaM grAmoM ke jaina dharmAvalambI satpathapradarzaka dharmaprANa lokAzAha ko masIhA tulya apanA saccA hitaiSI mAnate hue unake dvArA pradarzita . Agamika mUla jaina dharma ke anuyAyI bana gye| arthalolupa, parigrahI yatIvarga aura zithilAcAra meM prAkaNTha nimagna sAdhu nAmadhArI varga ko lokAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI dharmakrAnti se sabhI bhAMti kI apUraNIya kSati huii| unakI pUjA, pratiSThA aura Aya bar3I tIvra gati se uttarottara ghaTate hI gaye / isa prakAra kA varga lokAzAha kA bhayaMkara zatru bana gyaa| isa nihitasvArtha vAle zithilAcArI varga ne apanI er3I se coTI taka kI zakti lagAkara loMkAzAha ke viruddha aneka prakAra ke SaDyantra kiye, lokAzAha kI aora umar3e jana-mAnasa ke pravAha ko unake viruddha pravAhita karane ke kutsita-dUSita uddezya se unakI vizuddha Agamika mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM apanI kapolakalpanA kA Azraya le aneka prakAra kI lAvariNayAM, chanda Adi banA kara andhAdhundha besirapaMra kA pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| kintu virodhiyoM ke isa prakAra ke mithyA abhiyAna ke uparAnta bhI loMkAzAha dvArA punaH prakAza meM lAye gaye dharma ke vizuddha rUpa svarUpa ko aMgIkAra karane vAloM kI saMkhyA uttarottara abhivRddha hotI hI gaI / vikrama saMvat 1530 se paryApta samaya pUrva hI gujarAta se lekara AgarA taka kA kSetra lokAzAha ke prabhAva meM A cukA thA aura vahAM loMkAzAha ke anuyAyI bahusaMkhyaka kI koTi meM A cuke the| kevala yahI nahIM, zithilAcAragrasta
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________________ 642 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 dravya paramparAoM ke aneka sAdhu bhI lokAzAha ke Agamika upadezoM se, loMkAzAha ke athAha prAgamika jJAna tathA AgamoM ke avagAhana ke anantara unake dvArA kiye gaye 58 boloM, 34 boloM, 13 praznoM evaM paramparA viSayaka sAragarbhita praznoM se prabhAvita ho lokAzAha ke anuyAyI bana gaye aura loMkAzAha dvArA sUtrita dharmakrAnti kA khulakara sthAna-sthAna para DaMke kI coTa se pracAra-prasAra karane tathA logoM ko adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM lokAzAha kA anuyAyI banAne lge| loMkAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI dharmakrAnti para pUrNa prakAza DAlane vAlA adhikAMza sAhitya yadyapi nihitasvArtha vAlI dravya-paramparAoM ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA naSTa kara diyA gayA tathApi lokAzAha ke virodhIdvArA vi0 saM0 1530 meM nirmita eka aitihAsika kRti Aja bhI upalabdha hai| lokAzAha dvArA jisa abhinava dharmakrAnti kA vi0 saM0 1508 meM sUtrapAta kiyA gayA vaha vikrama saMvat 1530 se pUrva hI saphala ho cukI thI aura bhAratavarSa ke eka suvizAla bhAga meM lokAzAha ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA ullekhanIya rUpa meM abhivRddha ho cukI thii| ina saba tathyoM para prakAza DAlane vAlI vaha vi0 saM0 1530 ko aitihAsika kRti "laMkAmata pratibodha kalaka" hai| tadanantara lokAzAha ke 34 bola, loMkAzAha ke 58 bola aura loMkAzAha dvArA zithilAcAriyoM athavA dravyaparamparAoM ke karNadhAroM se pUche gaye 13 praznoM ko bhI yahAM yathA sthAna yathAvat rUpeNa uddha ta kiyA jA rahA hai| mahAn dharmoddhAraka loMkAzAha ne AgamoM ke anusAra sarvajJapraNIta jaina dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa kA upadeza dekara jinamatI ke nAma se jisa paramparA kA pracAraprasAra kiyA thA vaha vikrama samvat 1530 se pUrva hI dUra-dUra ke pradezoM meM bahujana sammata evaM lokapriya ho gaI thii| isa bAta kA pramANa bhI vikrama samvat 1530 kI "lukA mata pratibodha kulaka' nAma kI isa prati se milatA hai / 'lukAmata pratibodha kulaka' samvat 1530 vikramIya kI racanA haiM, jisakI hastalikhita pratilipi lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI iNDiyolojikala insTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda ke pAsa prati saMkhyA 5837 para vidyamAna hai| ise yahAM yathAvat prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : atha lukAmata pratibodha kulaka "||80 / / oM namaH siddhaM // . goyama gaNahara pahilu namI, rAga rosa doi hariiM dmii| kuvAsanA nivAraNa hetu, ketA ketA kahUM saMketa // 1 // ananta jIva jina bhavana karAvi, ananta jIva jina biMba bharAvi / ananta jIva jinavara pUje vi, ananta jIva jina jAtra kare vi // 2 //
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 643 ananta jIva pahuMtA niravAriNa, sAhamI vacchala taNai pramANi / sAmAyika pramukhi iM ima sahI, eya bAta siri Agami kahI / / 3 / / ima jANi suzrAvaka saMta, yathA zakti ketA puNyavanta / puNyakAja e savi pAcarai, lAghau janama te saphalu karaI / / 4 / / haraSa kIrati paNi ji paNyAsa, teha nai phaDIu baDu varAMsa / dhaMdhUMkIyA kahAviiM mUli, dhaMdhUMkU dhuri kIdhu dhuli // 5 // saMvat panaraha tIsa vAsi, tihAM ThAI teNaI cumAsi / triNi cAri tihAM lAgaTa rahai, dharma vicAratu icchAM kahai / / 6 / / gurU nu mAnai na vi prAdesa, valAvatAM mani pAragai resa / ketA karaiM tehanu pakhauM, tigaI haUuM ati rkhrkhu||7|| guru sarisI tiNaiM maMDI veDhi, gaccha mAMhi pariNa ko nahIM meDhi / tiNi te haUu ati udaMpa, na vi mAnai te kehanI caMpa / / 8 / / jiNa pUjA jiraNahara jiNa biMba, U thApai nai karaI viDaMba / na vi mAnai tIratha nI jAtra, navi mAnai tIratha pAtra / / 6 / / sAhamI vacchala nahIM na vi dAna, rAtrI bhojana rAtrI dhyAna / sAmAika nu nahIM uccAra, e havA mAMDiyA teriNa vicAra // 10 // lukA mAnI thApai rIti, te navi baisai DAhAM vIti / gharaNe jaraNe te dhaMdho lI u, tihAM huM tu bAhiri gholIu // 11 // UdAlI lIdhu parivAra, saghalu sAdhu karai ikasAra / mana bhiMtari ANai viSavAda, tu Uta rIu tehanu nAda / / 12 // pATariNa puhaMtu mAyA karai, mAdhava mukhya anai anusarai / jina pUjA nai mAnai dAna, pariNa pAme va annaha pAna / / 13 // vAMdiu dharmalAbha navi kahai, paccakkhAraNa tu na vi saddahai / e navi mAnai bhAvaha 'yatI, dIsa i pUrU lukAmatI / / 14 / / jAM laga duppasaha pAyarI, tAM lagai hosii dIkSA kharI / to lagai paMca vidhU AcAra, tAM lagai cauviha saMgha vicAra // 15 / / jinavANI e mani maM navi dharai, nava nava pASaMDa mukhi ucarai / teha nai lAguehavu vedha, dIkSA detAM karai niSedha / / 16 / / ketA zrAvaka ehavA jAMNa, to hI teha nu karai bakhANa / cAritrI nI niMdA karai, tIraNaiM pApiiM potu bharai // 17 // bhAgya yogi lAbhai jiti dharma, teha taNU navi jANai marma / taratama yogi achai yativArA, ke ke bhaMbhala ke ke kharA // 18 // yathA yogi jAMNI te namau, bhUlyA bhUtali kAM tamhi bhamu / hita buddhiiM e dIjai sIkha, te hU mAnai citti kusISa // 16 / /
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________________ 644 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa karama vivara jAM lagai navi hoi, tAM lagai hIyA sarisiUM joi / bhalA bhalerA bhUlA ghara, vacana na mAniuM DAhA taraNuM ||20|| ika jammAla bIjU gosAla, trIju mAhila prati cusAla / vizeSa vicAra karatAM paDayA, niviDa karmi te gADhA naDyA ||21|| ketI bAta anerA taraNIM, zISa na mAMnI jiraNavara taraNIM / fafas karma nu ehinAMraNa, jAti vADyA na vi mUM kai mAraNa / / 22 / / kUlabAlu riSi mAniiM raliu, mAgadhi kA gaNikA nai miliu / thUlabhadra nuM spardhA kAri, mAna aMgai kauzA ghara bAri / / 23 / / mAna chai e moTau doSa, tei thikI upajjai roSa / roSaiM jIva hui prati bhrAMta, harakha kIrati navaluM dRSTAnta || 24|| mAna tyajI je guru granusarai, tehanI zikSyA dIdho karai | te susAdhu suzrAvaka jAriNa, nizciI niramala guraNa nI SANi / / 25 / / -bhAga 4 bhadrabAhu guru ya guNadhAra, cavadaha pUraba nA bhaMDAra / zrutaH kevali je kahIyA sahI, eya bAta tu etai rahI || 26 // tehanu vacana na mAnai ratI, akSara khaMDyA lukAmatI / teha nuM kIjai kisiuM vakhAraNa, heyA sari khiuM jou jAraNa || 27 / / zrI siddhAnta jAraNa ima kahaMI, dhanya haM dhuri te prasaraNa lahaI | jigavara vAraNI je prAcaraI, pUraba munivara savi U ghara i / / 28 / / bIjA dhanya tu te pariNa jAriNa, bhariyA jiraNa vAraNI jAraNI ruraNa jugiyA / kAraNa lagai te na sakai karI, upadesai pariNa jAraNI kharI ||26|| trIjA dhanya tu te vakhyAriNa, jiraNavara vANI sAMcI jANi / karatAM nai je diiM bahumAna, kisiu na ANai mani abhimAna / / 30 / / cathaya dhanya tu triNika ciyAri, hIyA sarasiMuM joi vicAri / karatAM nu navi bolai doSa, mani mAnai gADhau saMtoSa / / 31 / / dhanya taNAM eciyAri prakAra, kahiyA prAgami jANe sAra / harakha kIrati na vi eka i chabai, kaMhu kavIsara ketu kavai || 32 / / jIva achai anAdi anaMta, AMbA lIMba tara dRSTAMta | ima jANI e saMgati tyaju, suguru taraNA paya bhavi bhavi bhajau ||33 // iti pratibodha kulakaM // apanI vi0 saM0 1530 kI kRti "lukA mata prati bodha kulaka" meM kulakakAra ne apanI AMkhoM dekhe loMkAgaccha ke sarvavyApI varcasva para apane Antarika zokodgAra abhivyakta karate hue jo likhA hai, usakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai :
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha .. "jina bhavanoM kA nirmANa, jina bimboM kI pratiSThAeM, jinezvaroM kI pratimAoM ko pUjA aura jinezvaroM ke mandiroM se maMDita tIrtha-sthaloM kI yAtrAeM kara tathA svadharmI vAtsalya ke prabhAvanAkArI kArya kara anantAnanta jIva nirvANa ko prApta ho gaye kintu harSakItti nAmaka paMnyAsa ko aisI kumati upajI ki usane dhundhukiyA nAmaka nagara meM cAturmAsAvAsa kara usa dhundhukaM nagara kI kItti ko dhUli meM milA diyaa| vi0 saM0 1530 meM usane dhundhukiyA nagara meM cAturmAsa kiyaa| usako vahAM usake pakSadhara tIna cAra pramukha vyakti mila gaye jo usakI pratyeka bAta kA samarthana karane meM tatpara rahate the| vaha harSakItti na to guru ko mAnatA hai aura na guru ke Adeza ko hI / yadi koI use saccI bAta kahatA hai to vaha usa para kruddha ho jAtA hai / isa kAraNa adhikAMza loga usI ke pakSa kA samarthana karate haiM / yadyapi vaha kisI bhI gaccha kI maryAdA kA pAlana nahIM karatA tathApi usane vahAM eka mahAn dharmAcArya jaisA apanA prabhAva jamA liyaa| isa kAraNa vaha apanI icchAnusAra upadeza dene lagA aura use kisI se kisI prakAra kI zaMkA na rhii| vaha jinapUjA kA DaTakara virodha karane meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kamI nahIM rkhtaa| na to vaha tIrtha yAtrA ko mAnatA hai aura na tIrtha ko hii| usakA svadharmI vAtsalya meM, dAna meM, koI vizvAsa nahIM hai| rAtri bhojana kA virodha nahIM krtaa| rAtri meM dhyAna karane kA athavA sAmAyika karane kA koI upadeza nahIM detaa| isa prakAra usane lukAmata kI sabhI mAnyatAoM kI pUrI taraha se isa nagara meM pratiSThApanA kara dI hai| usane samasta janamata ko apanI ora AkarSita kara liyA hai| usane bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM logoM kI prAsthAnoM ko dhaMdhola DAlA hai--hilA DAlA hai---jhakajhora DAlA hai / isa prakAra usane apane cAroM ora apane anuyAyiyoM kA parivAra bar3hA liyA hai / dhaMdhukA meM baiThe-baiThe hI usane bAhara ke logoM ke mAnasa meM bhI lukAmata kI mAnyatAoM ko ghola diyA hai| cAturmAsa samApta karane ke pazcAt vaha pATana nagara meM phuNcaa| vahAM bhI usane apanA mAyA jAla phailaayaa| vahAM ke aneka saMgha pramukhoM ko apanA anuyAyI banA liyaa| bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai ki vaha jinezvara bhagavAn kI pUjA kA aura dAna kA DaTa kara virodha karatA hai, phira bhI use madhukarI meM AhAra aura pAnI yathepsita mila jAtA hai| vandana karane vAle ko vaha dharma lAbha nahIM kahatA / pratyAkhyAna meM bhI usakI koI zraddhA nahIM hai| vaha bhAva yatiyoM ko nahIM maantaa| kevala pUrNarUpeNa lukAmati dRSTigocara hotA hai|" "prabala puNyodaya se hI bhavya prANI ko zramaNa dharma kI prApti hotI hai| para yaha harSakItti isa marma ko nahIM jAnatA / sAdhuoM meM bhI cAritra kA va zramaNAcAra kA nyUnAdhika tAratamya honA svAbhAvika hI hai, kintu yaha to pratyeka cAritrI kI nindA karatA hai aura apane pApa kA ghar3A bharatA hai| sAdhuoM meM aneka kaThora cAritra kA pAlana karane vAle, to aneka unase kucha nyUna bhI hote haiM / para unheM yathA-yogya samajhakara namana karanA pratyeka bhavya kA kartavya hai / kintu isa prakAra kI
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________________ 646 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 4 use koI zikSA de to isa zikSA ko bhI vaha kuzikSA mAnatA hai / jaba taka duSkarma kA prabhAva rahatA hai acchI zikSA bhI burI pratIta hotI hai| jamAli, gozAlaka aura goSThA mAhila ko hI dekha liyA jAya / duSkarma ke prabhAva se unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zikSA ko bhI nahIM maanaa| yaha harSakItti unakA navya dRSTAnta hai| ina lukAmatiyoM kI kahAM taka bAta kahI jaay| inhoMne to caturdaza pUrvadhara zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke vacanoM ko bhI khaMDita kara diyaa| jo jinezvara kI vANI kA akSarazaH pAlana karate haiM ve prathama zreNI ke dhanya prANI haiN| dUsarI zreNI ke dhanya ve loga haiM jo kAraNavaza vItarAga kI vANI kA akSarazaH to pAlana nahIM kara sakate kintu use avitatha samajhakara usI ke anusAra upadeza karate haiM / dhanya bhavyoM kI tIsarI zreNI meM ve loga Ate haiM jo jinezvara kI vANI ko akSarazaH satya samajhate hue svayaM usakA pAlana na kara sakane ke anantara bhI usakA pAlana karane vAle mahApuruSoM ke prati sammAna prakaTa karate haiM aura puruSoM kI cauthI zreNI meM ve loga Ate haiM jo jinezvara kI vANI kA, jinezvara ke Adeza kA pAlana karane vAle puruSoM ko kisI prakAra kA doSa nahIM dete / aAgama meM ina cAra prakAra ke prANiyoM ko dhanya mAnA gayA hai kintu yaha loMkAmata kA upadeza karane vAlA harSakIti to ina cAroM meM se kisI bhI zreNI meM nahIM aataa| jo pAnI aAmra vRkSa ko diyA jAtA hai vahI pAnI nIma vRkSa ko bhI milatA hai| kintu grAma mIThA aura nimbolI kar3avI hotI hai| isa dRSTAnta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue harSakItti kI bhAMti ke loMkAmatiyoM kI saMgati tyAgo aura sadguruoM kI sevA kro|" isa kulaka meM ullikhita vivaraNoM se nimnalikhita tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM : 1. vikrama samvat 1530 meM lokAzAha dvArA prakAza meM lAyA huaA jaina dharma kA mUla svarUpa dhundhukA evaM pATana Adi kSetroM meM atyadhika lokapriya ho cukA thaa| dUra-dUra taka prasRta ho gayA thaa| 2. isameM ullikhita harSakItti dvArA kiye gaye loMkAmata ke pracAra ke vivaraNa se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki tatkAlIna vibhinna paramparAoM ke zramaNa bhI jaina dharma saMgha meM zatAbdiyoM se ghara kI huI vikRtiyoM, bAhyADambaroM evaM anAgamika mAnyatAoM kA virodha karane aura lokAzAha dvArA prakAzita satya mArga kA anusaraNa karane ke lie kaTibaddha ho gaye the| 3. lokAzAha dvArA prakAza meM lAye hue vizuddha prAgamika dharma kI aora janamata itanA adhika AkarSita ho cukA thA ki dravya paramparAoM ke sAdhuoM kI bAta taka sunane ke lie koI taiyAra nahIM thaa|
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________________ sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 647 lokAzAha naye mata ke nahIM kintu dharmoddhAraka krAnti ke pravartaka mahAn dharmoddhAraka loMkAzAha ne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM vyApta vikRtiyoM, bAhyADambaroM, anAgamika mAnyatAoM evaM zithilAcAra ke viruddha krAnti kA udghoSa kara vikrama samvat 1508 meM sarvajJapraNIta AgamoM ke anusAra jainadharma ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kA upadeza denA prArambha kara diyA thaa| yaha tathya to sarvamAnya hai| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM isa tathya kI nimnalikhita vAkya se puSTi kI gaI hai : "tadAnIM ca lukAkhyAllekhakAt vi. aSTAdhika paMcadazazat 1508 varSe jinapratimotthApanaparaM lukAmataM pravRttam / "1 paTTAvalI sAroddhAra meM bhI "tadAnIM lukAkhyAt lekhakAt samvat 1508 varSe zrI jinapratimotthApanaparaM lukAmataM pravRttam / "2 ke ullekha se bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki vikrama samvat 1508 meM loMkAzAha ne lukAmata kA pracAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| zatAbdiyoM se jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke na kevala mAnasa meM hI apitu romaroma meM ghara kI huI anAgamika mAnyatAoM ke virodha meM Agama pratipAdita mUla mAnyatAoM kA pracAra karane vAlA evaM upadeza dene vAlA vyakti kitanA sAhasI, kaisA viziSTa pratibhAoM kA dhanI aura pAgama marmajJa hogA isakA anumAna sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa pUrvAbhiniveSa vimukta taTastha vyakti sahaja hI lagA sakatA hai| isa anumAna se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vikrama samvat 1508 meM jaina dharma ke Agamika svarUpa kA upadeza karane vAle mahAn dharmoddhAraka loMkAzAha ne na kevala AgamoM kA hI apitu anAgamika mAnyatAoM ke mUla srota sampUrNa jaina vAMgmaya kA bhI talasparzI jJAna prApta kara liyA thaa| binA sabhI AgamoM kA, niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, cUriyoM, avacUNiyoM evaM TIkAoM Adi kA talasparzI adhyayana kiye lokAzAha na to vizuddha Agamika dharma kA upadeza karane kA sAhasa kara pAte, na koI unakI bAta sunatA aura na ve dravya paramparAoM ke prakAMDa paMDita sUriyoM ke samakSa eka kSaraNa bhI Tika hI pAte / isase yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki lokAzAha dvArA vikrama samvat 1508 meM jisa dharma krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA gayA, vaha zabda kI gati se bhArata ke vibhinna sudUrastha pradezoM meM vyApta ho gaI, loMkAzAha ke Agamaparaka upadezoM ko sunane ke liye dharma-niSTha vyakti udvelita sAgara kI taraha umar3a par3e aura svalpa kAla meM hI loMkAzAha dvArA zatAbdiyoM ke anantara prakAza meM lAyA huA jaina dharma 1. paTTAvalI samuccaya, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 67 2. - vahI - pRSTha 157 .
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________________ 648 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kA vizuddha svarUpa na kevala lokapriya hI ho gayA apitu jana-jana ke liye anukararaNIya evaM zraddhA kA kendra bindu bhI bana gyaa| ___ yaha kevala kalpanA kI ur3Ana hI nahIM hai apitu eka avitatha tathya hai / isakI sAkSI hai loMkAzAha dvArA vikrama samvata 1508 meM jana-jana ke samakSa aura dravya paramparAoM ke udbhaTa vidvAnoM evaM prAcAryoM ke samakSa rakhe gaye lokAzAha ke aitihAsika cautIsa bola, jo vijJoM ke vicArArtha yahAM prastuta haiM : lokAzAha ke cauMtIsa bola // 60 / / zrI sarvajJAya namaH / je ima kahai chaiM amhArai niyukti, cUriNa, bhASya, vRtti, prakaraNa sarva pramANa, tehAiM etalA bola sahUM pramANa karavA paDasI te prIchayo- nizItha sUtra nI cUNi madhye ima chai je koI eka AcArya ghaNAM parivAra sUM aTavI mAMhIM gayu tahAM ghaNAM vyAghrAdi dekhI AcArya iM kahya-gacchanai rAkhavu svApadAdi nivAravo, tivArai ekaiM sAdhaI kahiuM kima nivArIi ? tivAraiM sUri kahya -pahilau avirAdhya abai pachai na rahai tau virAdhyAM pariNa doSa nhiiN| pachai terAi 3 siMha mAryA / pachai guru paiM jaI naiM pUchyu, pachai guru kahai tu shuddh| evaM AyariyAdi kAraNesu vAvAdito suddho| suddha zabda no artha e je--aprAyazcittItyarthaH // 1 // Agama niSNAta dharma prANa lokAzAha ne niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, evaM TIkAoM ke talasparzI avagAhana ke anantara nizItha cUrNI ke jisa ullekha kI ora isa prathama bola meM saMketa kiyA hai vaha nizItha cUriNa kA mUla pATha nimna rUpa meM hai : saMsattapoggalAdI, piuDe pome taheva caMme ya / prAyarite gacchaMmI, bohiyateNe ya koMkaNae / / 286 / / gAthA ke tRtIya aura catuScaraNa kI vyAkhyA karate hue cUriNakAra ne likhA hai : __ ego pAyariyo bahusissaparivAro u saMjjhakAla samaye bahusAvayaM aDavi pavaNNo / taMmi ya gacche ego daDhasaMghayaNI koMkaraNagasAhU atthi / guruNA ya bhaNiyaM- "kahaM ajjo ! jaM ettha duTThasAvayaM kiM vi gacchaM abhibhavati taM NivAreyavvaM, Na uvehA kAyavvA / " tato teNa koMkaNagasAhUNA bhaNiyaM--- "kahaM ? virAhitehiM avirAhiMtehiM NivAreyavvaM ?" guruNA bhariNayaM--"jai sakkai to avirAhiMtehiM pacchA virAhiMtehiM vi Na doso|" tato teraNa koMkaNageNa laviyaM- ''suvaya vIsatthA, ahaM bhe rakkhissAmi / " to sAhavo
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 646 savve suttA / so egAgI jAgaramANo pAsati sIhaM AgacchamANaM / teNa haDi tti jaMpiyaM, raNa gato, tato pacchA uddhAiUraNa saNiyaM laguDeNa pAhato, go pritaaviyo| puNo AgataM pecchati, teNa citiyaM Na suTTha paritAvipro, teNa puNo Ago, puraNo gADhayaraM aahto| puNo vi tatiyavArA evaM ceva, raNavaraM savvAyAmeNa pAhato, gatA raatii| khemeNa paccUse gacchaMtA pecchaMti sIhaM aNupaMthe mayaM, puNo adUre pecchaMti bitiyaM, puNo adUrate tatiyaM / jo so dUre so paDhamaM sariNayaM Aho, jovi majjhe so bitipro, jo NiyaDe so carimo gADaM pAhato mato / teNa koMkaNaeNa AloiyamAriyANaM, suddho / evaM pAyariyAdIkAraNesu vAvAdito suddho| gatA pANAtivAyassa dappiyA kappiyA paDisevaNA / gato pANAtivAto // 286 / / arthAt eka samaya eka AcArya apane vizAla ziSya parivAra ke sAtha dharma pracArArtha vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue eka aise vikaTa vana meM pahuMce, jahAM siMha Adi aneka prakAra ke hiMsra vanya pazuoM kA bAhulya thaa| (vasati dUra thI aura sUryAsta hone hI vAlA thaa|).atH ve apane ziSya samUha ke sAtha vana meM hI eka vRkSa ke nIce rAtri vAsa ke liye ruka gaye / unake ziSyoM meM koMkaNa pradeza kA eka sudRr3ha saMhanana kA dhanI sazakta sAdhu thaa| prAcArya ne usa baliSTha ziSya se kahA- "vatsa ! rAtri meM yadi koI hiMsra jantu hama logoM ko kaSTa pahuMcAne ke liye A jAya to usase hama sabakI tuma rakSA krnaa|" ziSya ne guru ke Adeza ko zirodhArya karate hue savinaya prazna kiyA :- "bhagavan ! Ane vAle vanya hiMsaka jantu ko binA kisI prakAra kA kaSTa pahuMcAye hI bhagAne kA prayAsa karU athavA kaSTa pahuMcA kara bhI?" . prAcArya ne use samajhAte hue Adeza diyA :-"prayAsa to yathAsambhava use binA kisI prakAra kI virAdhanA pahuMcAye hI bhagAne kA karanA / isa para bhI agara vaha nahIM jAya to usakI virAdhanA karane meM bhI koI doSa nahIM hai|" isa para usa koMkaNa pradezIya sAdhu ne kahA :--"bhagavan / Apa saba Azvasta hokara soiye| maiM Apa sabakI rakSA kruuNgaa|" rAtri meM saba sAdhu so gaye aura vaha jAgatA rhaa| kucha hI samaya pazcAt usane dekhA ki eka siMha soye hue sAdhuoM kI ora Age bar3ha rahA hai| usa sAdhu ne karkaza svara meM dhakAlate hue usa siMha ko bhagAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| kintu vaha siMha bhAgA nhiiN| isa para vaha sAdhu hAtha meM eka DaNDA lie siMha kI aora jhapaTA aura usa para apanI thor3I sI zakti kA prayoga kara laguDa prahAra kiyaa| laguDa prahAra se 1. sabhASya cUNika nizItha sUtra, prathama bhAga, gAthA 286, pRSTha 100-101 -pAgama pratiSThAna, sanmati jJAna pITha, aagraa|
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________________ 650 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 saMtrasta ho siMha tatkAla lauTa gayA / addha rAtri meM usa hRSTa-puSTa koMkaNIya sAdhu ne dekhA ki dUsarA siMha usakI ora bar3ha rahA hai| usane phira ghanarava gambhIra svara meM hakAla kI para siMha sote hue sAdhuoM kI ora bar3hatA hI gayA / koMkaNa pradezIya usa sAdhu ne siMha kI aora jhapaTa kara pahale kI apekSA adhika zakti lagAkara apane hAtha ke laguDa se siMha para prahAra kiyaa| vaha siMha bhI jisa aora se pAyA thA usI ora bhAga gyaa| brahma muhUrta meM usa jAgRta sAdhu ne dekhA ki eka aura tIsarA vikarAla kezarI druta gati se chalAMgeM mAratA huA una sote hue sAdhuoM kI ora bar3ha rahA hai to usane punaH bar3e vega se zArdUla ko llkaaraa| isa para bhI jaba zera unako pora bar3hatA hI gayA to usane vidyut vega se siMha kI aora jhapaTate hue apanI pUrI zakti lagAkara siMha ke kapola para laguDa kA bharapUra vAra kiyaa| siMha usa eka hI bhISaNa prahAra se vahIM chaTapaTAtA huA pRthvI para gira kara paMcatva ko prApta ho gyaa| isa prakAra rAtri vyatIta huI / sUryodaya ke anantara prAcAryazrI ne apanI ziSya maNDalI ke sAtha usa vana meM Age kI aora vihAra kiyaa| prasthita hote hI rAtri vizrAma-sthala ke pAsa hI unhoMne eka siMha ko marA par3A dekhA / kucha dUra Age bar3hane para unhoMne dUsare siMha ko aura usase kucha Age calane para unhoMne tIsare siMha ko marA par3A dekhA / vastusthiti yaha thI ki jisa siMha para koMkaNIya muni ne apanI pUrI zakti lagAkara laguDa kA prahAra kiyA thA vaha siMha tatkAla usI sthAna para mara gayA, jisa siMha para apanI AdhI zakti lagAkara prahAra kiyA thA vaha thor3I dUra calakara niSprANa ho pRthvI para gira par3A aura jisa pahale Aye hue siMha para apanI zakti ke caturthAMza se laguDa prahAra kiyA thA vaha muniyoM ke rAtri vizrAma sthala se kosArddha dUrI para pahuMcate hI paMcatva ko prApta ho gyaa| kokaNa pradezIya muni ne apane prAcAryadeva se una tIna siMhoM ke niSprANa kara dene ke aparAdha ke lie prAyazcitta dene kI prArthanA kI / prAcArya ne kahA :- "tuma aAlocanA mAtra se hI zuddha ho gaye ho / isa prakAra prAcAryAdika kI rakSA hetu hiMsA karane para bhI hiMsA karane vAlA zuddha hotA hai / (pApa kA bhAgI nahIM hotaa)|" isa prakAra prANAtipAta ke sakAraNa sevana kI kalpitatA ke sambandha meM vivecana samApta huaa| - dharmaprANa loMkAzAha ne paMcendriya prANI kI hatyA karane vAle paMca mahAvratadhArI ko paMcendriya prANI kI hatyA ke pApa kA bhAgI na batA pUrNataH zuddha batAne vAle pATha ko sampUrNa paMcAMgI jinheM Agama tulya mAnya hai una prAcAryoM (zramaNoM, zramaNiyoM, zramaNopAsakoM evaM zramaNopAsikAoM) ke samakSa rakhate hue yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki ekamAtra AgamoM ko hI sarvopari evaM parama prAmANika mAnane ke sthAna para yadi pUrNa paMcAMgI ko Agama tulya prAmANika mAna liyA gayA to usa . dazA meM paMcendriya prANiyoM kI hatyA sAdhu sakAraNa kara sakatA hai isa siddhAnta yA , mAnyatA ko bhI mAnanA hogaa| "savvaM sAvajjaM jogaM jAvajjIvAe paccakkhAmi tivihaM tiviheNaM" ke Agamika pATha ke uccAraNakartA paMca mahAvratadhArI ke lie. yaha kahAM taka upayukta hogA isa para vijJajana vicAra kreN|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokazAha [ 651 isa sandarbha meM Agamaruci vijJoM ke lie yaha vicAraNIya hai ki mahAn dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha ne vikrama samvat 1508 ke AsapAsa Aja se lagabhaga 535 varSa pUrva jaina dharmasaMgha ke samakSa yaha bAta rakkhI thI ki tathAkAraraNaI jhUThaM vola vu kahiu chai tathA kAraraNai corI karavI - te karai tau zuddha / tathA vazIkaraNa mantra cUrNAdi karI vastu levI tathA tAlA ughADI auSadhAdi adatta levA kahiyA chai ||2|| * tathA kAraNeM parIgraha rAkhavo kahyo chai, hiraNya, dravya, ghaTita aghaTita mArgaiM cAlato lyai ( leve ) // 3 // tathA udAra hiraNya suvarNaI karI te durlabha dravya mola lIyai || 4 | tathA durlabha dravya nai artha sacitta kAI pravAlAdika terAI sacitta pRthivyAdika karI te durlabha dravya mola liyai, ima kahiyau chai ||5|| tathA artha upArjavA naI arthaI dhAtanI mATI prANi naI sonu, rUpa, tAMbU, sIsUM, tarUSyAdika upajAvavu kaha, yuM chai / / 6 / / tathA kAraNa rAtri bhojana kahiuM chai / gilAna naI kAraraNaI rAtri bhojana karai, tathA mAragaiM cAlavu, rAtrai jimavu tathA durlabha dravya nai arthaiM rAtri jImai tathA saMthArU' karyu hoi - anai rahI na sakai tau rAtri jImabuM tathA dukA gaccha nI anukampA naha hetai - rAtI bhattAraguNA - rAtri bhojana nI AjJA chaiityAdi gharaNA prakAra viruddha chai ||7| tathA daMsaraNa prabhAvaka zAstra teha nI siddha nai arthe nirNai nai hetaI praraNAsarati akalpanIka hetu zuddhaH - aprAyazcittI bhavatItyarthaH // 8 // tathA tapasvI nai athi uSNa pejjAdi ( peyAdi) raMdhAvI levI, tADhuM tavasvI nai sahai nahIM te bhararNI AdhAkarmma letAM doSa nahIM || 6 | ima jJAna cAritra nai arthai akalpanIka le tu (to) zuddha || 10 // tathA pravacananAM hita naI athi paDisevaMto zuddha, viSNu kumAra nIM pari / tathA jima koI rAjAI kahiuM tumho brAhmaNAM naI vAMpu, pachai sarva saMgha ekaTho thai kahivA lAgau jeha nai kti sAvadya - nirabadha huI te praju jhauM / tivAraI ekaI sAdhaiM kaha, yuM - hUM prajUMmUM / sarva brAhmaNa ekThA karAvyA, terAI sAdhaI karaNavIra nI kAMbaDI mantrI, sarva brAhmaraNa ekThA thayA hatA, tehanAM mastaka utAryA pachai rAjA upari rUTho, pachaI rAjA bIhato page lAgo / tathA anerA AcArya ima kahai chai-te rAjA pariNatihAM cUrNa kIdhu / ima pravacana saMgha- te hanai arthai sevai to zuddha - aprAyazcittI, ityAdi viruddha aghaTatA cUriMga mAMhai gharaNA chai / / 11 / /
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________________ 552 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 tathA kAmaNA, uccATaNa, vazIkaraNAdi sUtrai niSedhyA chai, anai ihAM karavA bolyA chai / / 12 / / tathA sUtraI kAcAM phala, kAMcu jala niSedhyauM chai, anaiM cUriNa madhye levU kaha yu chai, te letAM doSa nathI / valI ima kaha yu chai-gIta gAyavA bhaNI pAku tAMbUla patra khAta tau nirdoSa kaha yu-e vicAravu / ityAdi ghaNAM viruddha chai, DAho hoi te vicArai / e pUrvaiM sarva adhikAra likhyA chaiM, te nizItha cUNi madhye dhuri pIThikA mAMhiM chai / / 13 / / tathA nizItha sUtra nAM prathama uddezaka madhye sUtra mAMhiM maithuna ekAMti niSedhyu chaiM ane tehanI cUNi madhye cauthA vrata nai paNi apavAdaI sevavA nAM prakAra kaha yA chai / DAho huyai te vicArayo (jyo) / ehavA cUriMga madhye ghaNAM viruddha chai / / 14 / / tathA sAdhvI nai paNi apavAdi cauthA vrata pAzrI sevavAnI ghaNI phajetI kahI chai, DAha yo hoi te ehavI phajetI kima saddahai / / 15 / / tathA sUtra madhye sacitta phUla phala niSedhyA kaha yA chai, cUNi madhye sacitta phUla sa'ghavA kaha yA chai / / 16 / / tathA sUtra madhye chaH kAya virAdhanA karavI niSedhI chai, anai IhAM curiNa madhye upAzrayai pANI nau mArga karai tihAM chaH kAya nI virAdhanA lAgai tau pariNa zuddha, e na karai tau doSa ima kahije chai / / 17 / / tathA uddezA 2 nI cUNi madhye dukkAli bhattAdika adattA levau kahau chai, anai sUtra madhye adatta niSedhyuchai / DAho hoI te vicArayo / / 18 / / tathA sUtra madhye snAna sarvathA niSedhyu chaIM, ihAM cUriNa madhye snAna karatAM lAbha dekhADyo chai / / 16 / / tathA sUtra madhye khAsaDAM pahiravAM cAritrayAM naI niSedhyA chai, cUNi madhye / / pahiravAM bolyA chai, loka dekhai tihAraiM utAri gAMma mAMhiM paisai / / 20 / / tathA caturthoddezake sUtra madhye pAkhA kaNa niSedhyA chai, aihanI cUNi madhye apavAdi levA-vaidya nai upadezaI gilANa bhogavai, bhAta aNalAdhai mArge pAkhA karaNa bhogavai tathA dukkAli-"kasigosahI gaharaNaM karejja" ehavA viruddha DAha yo hoi to kima saddahai / / 21 / / atha paMcamoddezakaI sUtraiM anantakAya levo niSedhI chai, ehanI cUNi madhye "sAvayabhayanivAraNa?" upadhi sarIra vahavAnaI arthaI tega pratinIka zvAnAdi
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________________ sAmAnya zruttadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 653 nivAravAnai arthe pahilu acitta DaMDau lIyai, pachai paritra, pachai anantakAya nu DaMDUM lIi-DAhu hui te vicArajyo / / 22 / / tathA SaSThoddezake sUtra madhye ekAMti maithuna niSedha chai, ehanI cUriNa madhye kahiuM chaiM-apavAdi sAdhu naI maithuna nu udaya thayu, tihAri anupazamati prAcArya nai kahivaM, anai na kahai prAcArya nai, tau teha nai cau guru prAyazcitta, anai kaha yA pachI prAcArya tehanI ciMtA na karai, tau AcArya nai cauguru prAyazcitta ima mohanIya udayaiM nIvIyAdika karAvai / ima karAvatAM na rahai tau muktabhogI thivara saMghAtaI vezyAdika nai pADai jai zabda suraNAvai, ima na rahai tau AliMganai, ima na rahai tu trijaMcaNI saMghAti 3 vAra, pachai mUI manuSyaNI saMghAti 3 vAra, ima karatAM na rahai tau svaliMgaI pariliMgai syu sevatau gaNa thakI uvabhutta thivara saMghAtaiM anerI vasati thApIi aMdhArai kiTisaDhDhIe melijjai evaM tiriNavAra na jati (yadi) uvasamai tu sundara uvassa cau guru / ima cauthA vrata nau apavAda cUNi madhye chi| teha (jeha) nai paraloka nau aratha hui te ehavA sUtra viruddha kima mAnai ? ehavA aghaTatAnA karaNahAra nai prAyazcitta cauguru upavAsa mAMhi, DAhu hui te vicAryo / / 23 // ___ atha dazamoddezake sUtraI anantakAya khAvI niSedhyo chi| ani ehanI cUNi madhye kAraNai bhogavai, asivAdi jAhe mizra na lAbhai tAhe parittakAya saMmissaMmi gaNhai, jAhe te na lAbhai tAhe mizra na lAbhai tAhe anantakAya mizra gahai / ihAM cUNi madhye kAraNai anantakAya khAvI kahI chai, DAhu hui te vicArajyo / / 24 / / atha dvAdazamoddezake sUtra madhye sacitta rUkhai caDhavu niSedhyu chai, anai ehavI cUrNi madhye kAraNaI gilAnna auSadha nai arthe caDhai, mAgi aNasaratai phala nai arthe durUhai, udaga naiM arthaI pUrai prAyudhaTThA upadhi zarIra cora rAya bhaya svApada bhaya nai viSai tihAM pahilu sacitta vRkSaI caDhai, pachai mizraI, pachai paritta sacitta, pachaiM anantakAya nai sacitta vRkSaiM caDhaiM evaM kAraNe jayaNAe na dosso| ihAM cUNi madhye kAraNe vRkSa ehavai anantakAya nai caDhatAM doSa nahIM / ehavA nizItha cUNi sarva kima pramANa karai // 25 // tathA uttarAdhyayana chaTThA nI vRtti madhye cAritriu cakravartI nu kaTaka cUrNa karai te adhikAra likhIi chaI-labdhipulAka jeha nai devendra RSi sarIkho Rddhi hui te saMghAdika kArya upani cakravattissa balavAhana cUrNa karavA samartha-DAhu hui te vicArajyo / // 26 // __tathA vyavahAra nI prathamoddezake-"parihAra kappaTTite bhikkhU"- ityAdi e zabda nI vatti madhye vRtti nala dAma kaulI nI kathA chai, te likhIi chai-eka iM rAjAI kahiuM-mujha saMghAtaiM vivAda karau, tivAri te rAjA nai anukUla vacanaiM prati
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________________ 654 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 bodhi / tei nai kahai - tumhI e pRthivIpati, tumha saMghAti vivAda na kIjai / ima karatAMna rahai tau tehanAM sajana naI prati bodhai / teha nuM vAyuM na karai tau vidyAdikai vazya karai / ima na rahai tau cAritra mukI gRhastha para aMgIkAra karI naI tima kara jima te rAjA na bhavati / ima karai tau pari pravacana nIM prathi zuddha tima te rAjA upAuvu / teha nai viSai cAraNakya nala dAma nuM dRSTAnta - cAraNakyaI naMda naI uthApI candragupta nai rAjAthApai / naMda nA je goThI, te corI karai / koTavAla saMghAti mili naI pachai cAraNakyai nagara mAMhiM phiratai / naladAma nuM putra koMDai khAdhu, te bApa pAsai prAvyu | pachai naladAma iM makoDA sarva mAryA, bila kharaNI je aMDA dIThAM te mAryA, agni te Upari bAlinai / tehanaiM pUchyU~ / pachai te koTavAla thA / pachai tehanai caura malyA / teNi vemAsI nai sarva naI putra sahita jamAvI nai mAryA / ehavu masa karI naI jima yathA cANakyena nandotpATitaH, yathA ca naladAmadaM maMkoDA anai cora samUlaM ucchedyA tima pravacana dveSI rAjA nai mUla thI viraNAsa | tihAM je utpATai, je vehanaiM sAhijya dyai, je tehanaiM anumodai - te sarva zuddhAH / pravacana upaghAta rAkhavA nai kAjaI te bharaNI na niHkevala zuddhimAtra kintu acirAnmokSa gamanaM hoi / ihAM dRSTAMta viSNukumAra nu jovu nai zrI siddhAMtaI ima kahya, je rAjA nai mArai teha nai mahA mohanIya karma baMdhAi / ani vRtti madhye ima kahya u - jau kAraNa i parivAra sahita rAjAna naI mArai te zuddha anai thor3A kAla mAMhiM mokSa-te bharaNI DAhu hui te vicArajyo ||27|| tathA zrAvazyaka niyukti madhye "pariThAvariyA samiti" mAMhi kahiuM chai te yatI nai utAvalu kArya paDai tivAri sacitta pRthivI pradatta pariNa grahai ||28|| tathA kArya zIghra hui tivArai sacitta jala pradatta pariNa levu - ehavA ghaTatA chai anai siddhAnte sacitta jala niSedhyAM chai- te bharaNI DAhu huI te vicArajyo // 26 // tathA kArya par3ai tivAri dIva araNava, kArya pUrA thayAM pachai vATi nicovI // 30 // ima vAyu nuM pariNa Arambha kahai -- masaka vAyu bharI lIyai // 31 // tathA kAraNaI glAnAdika naI sacitta kaMdAdi pradatta lIi je Avazyaka niyukti mAMhi ehavA prayuktA bola chai, te cauda pUrvI nI kIdhI kima mAnI // 32 // - tathA balI kA chai - kAraNai napuMsaka nai dIkSA devI anai anerA pATha bharaNAvavuLe, anai te bharaNai tivAri bIjA sAdhu teha prati jhUTha bolai - kahi-me paNa imaja bhaNyu hatu, ima corI rAkhI nai tivAri ima jhUThUM bolai sAdhu, pachai kArya pUrai thayai, bAhira kADhavu / pachai te dIvAMNai jAi, tivAri jhUTha bolavu kahya u
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 655 "amho eha naI dIkSA dIdhI nathI, eha naI mAthai coTI, eha naI pATha anerU prAvai chai"--ehavA kapaTa karavA kahyA chai, tu te sarva pramANa kima kIjai / / 33 / / tathA bIjA bola ketalA eka vighaTatA chai, te bharaNI niyukti cauda pUrvadhara nI bhASI kima saddahIi ? te bhaNI DAhai manuSya i siddhAnta Upari ruci karavI, jima iha lokaI-paralokaI sukha upajai sahI / / 34 / / chaH . anai pannavaNAM nI vRtti nai karaNahArai "pAuta" zabda nuartha kAraNaphalAvyu chai ne moTa i kAraNa iM jhUThU bolavu jima nizItha cUNi madhye paMca mahAvrata nA kAraNa kahyAM chai, te mahAvrata prArthavA nAM kAraNa // iti e sarva lukAmatI nI yukti likhI chi|| pratimA mAnai tehanai to paMcAMgI pramANa i-sarva yukti pramANa chai / jANavA ne hetaiM likhyu chai / ' - zrI lokAzAha nA aTThAvana bola 1. pahilu bola : zrI siddhAnta mAMhiM mokSamArga nu mUla kAraNa zrI samyaktva chai / jehanai samyaktva tehanA tapa niyama sarva pramANa / te samyaktva zrI AcArAMga nai cauthai zrI samyaktva adhyayanai lAbhai / te adhyayana likhii chai : "se bemi je a atItA je apaDupannA je a AgamissA arahaMtA bhagavaMtA te savve evamAikkhaMti, evaM bhAsaMti, evaM paNNaveMti, evaM savve parUveMti / savvepAraNA bhUprA, savve jIvA, savve sattA na haMtavvA na ajjhAveavvA, na parighetavvA, raNa paritAveavvA, Na uddaveavvA, esa dhamme suddhe, Nitie sAsae, samecca loaM kheyannehiM paveie, taM jahA:- uThThiesu vA, aNuTThiesu vA uvaTThiesu vA praNavaTThiesu vA, uvarayadaMDesu vA praNavarayadaMDesuvA, sovahiesu vA araNovahiesu vA, saMjogaraesu vA, asaMjogaraesa vA, tavvaMtaM, tahAvetaM, assiMvetaM pavuccai / taM Ainnu Na Nihe Na Nikkheve / jANittu dhamma jathA tathA diTThIhiM NicainaM gaNejjA / No logassesaNaM care / jassa patthi imA NAtI annA tassa ko siyaa| diDha sutaM mayaM vinAyaM jaM eyaM parikahijjai / samemAraNA palemANA puNo-puNo jAti pakappeMti / aho a rAmro ajayamANe, dhIre sayA AgayapannANe, pamatte vahiyA pAsa apamatte sayA parikkamijjAsi tti bemi / ' 1. eka prAcIna hastalikhita prati kI phoTo kApI se uddhRta /
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________________ 656 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 eNaiM uddesaI ehavu kahya jo sava prAraNa, bhUta, jIva, sattva na hariNavA / e dharma sUdhau / etalai dayAiM dharma te sUdhau / anai hiMsAI dharma te azuddhau jANivauM / eha pahilU bola / 2. bIju bola : havai bIju bola likhIi chai / tathA samyaktva adhyayanaiM bIjai uddesai ehavu kA che ke jo zramaNa mAharaNa hiMsAI dharma prarUpaI anai valI eha kahai dharmanaiM kAjiiM hiMsA karatAM doSa nathI, te tIrthakare anArya vacana khy| etalai ehavA vacananA bolaNahAra anArya jANivA / te adhikAra likhIi chai :--- "prAvaMtI ke prAvaMtI lograMsi samaNA ya mAhaNA ya puDho vivAdaM vayaMti, se diTThaca Ne, sugraM ca Ne, mayaM ca Ne, viNNAyaM ca Ne, uDDhaM aho tiriadisAsu savvato supaDile himaM ca Ne, savve pANA saje jIvA savve bhUA savve sattA haMtavvA, ajjhAvaavvA, parighetavvA, uddaveavvA, etthaM pi jANaha patthittha doso, araNAriyavayaNamenaM, tattha je te AyariyA te evaM vayAsI--seduddiThaM ca bhe, dussugraM ca bhe, dumayaM ca bhe, duvinnAyaM ca bhe| uDDhaM ahaM tirigraM disAsu savvato duppaDilehigraM ca bhe| jaeNaM tumbhe evaM prAikkhaha, evaM bhAsaha, evaM parUveha, evaM paNNaveha-savvepAraNa savve bhUyA savve jIvA savve sattA haMtavvA ajjhAveavvA paritAveavvA, parighetavvA, uddaveavvA, etthavi jAgaha natthittha doso| praNAriyavayaNameaM / vayaM puraNa evamAikkhAmo, evaM bhAsemo, evaM parUvemo, evaM pannavemo-savve pAraNa savve bhUpA savve jIvA savve sattA Na haMtavvA, raNa ajjhAveavvA, raNa parighetavvA, raNa pariyAveavvA, raNa uddaveavvA, etthaM pi jANaha natthittha doso| AriyavayaNamenaM puvvanikAyasamayaM, pattiaM / pucchissAmo haM bhe pAvAhuvAyA ki sAyaM dukkhaM udAhu asAyaM samitA paDivanneyA vi evaM buuaa| savvesiM pANANaM savvesi bhUpANaM, savvesiM jIvANaM, savvesiM sattANaM assAyaM apariNivvANaM mahatbhayaM dukkhaM tti bemi / " 3. zrIju bola : ... havaI trIju bola likhIi chai / tathA je samyaktva adhyayananA bIjA uddesA naI dhuri kahiuM chai-"je AsavA te parisavA" e AdiI cyAri bola tehanu artha likhoi chai / je AsavA kahitAM je strI Adika karmabandha nAM kAraNa teha ja vairAgya nai prAraNavai karI parisavA kahitAM te nirjarA nA ThAma thaai| tathA je parisavA te pAsavA-kahitAM je parizravA te sAdhu (nai) nirjarA nA ThAma te duSTa adhyavasAiM karI Azrava -karma-bandha nA ThAma thaai| tathA "je praNAsavA" kahitAM je anAdhava vratavizeSa te zubha adhyavasAI karI 'aparisavA' kahitAM te nirjarA nA ThAma thAI / kuDarIka priiN| tathA 'je aparisavA te aNAsavA' kahitAM je aparizravA---aviratinAM ThAma Jaip Education International
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 657 tehaja avirati na ThAma hiyaipADayAM jANI vairAgyaiM karI adhyavasAya vizeSiiM aviratinai chAMDavai karI anAzrava nAM kAma thAi, etalAi karmabaMdha nA ThAma na thaaii| tathA ko (i) eka ehanA artha pheravI nai kahai chai-'je AsavA' kahitAM je dharmanaiM kAraNaI hiMsA karIi tihAM nirjarA thAi / tathA valI ketalAeka ima kahaI chaI-je dharmanaiM kAjaiM hiMsA kIjai te hiMsA na khiii| tu havai DAhA hui te vicArI jojyo, jau dharmanaI kAjaiM hiMsA karatAM nirjarA thAi, anai jau dharmanaiM kAjaiM hiMsA kIjai te hiMsA na kahIi tu revatInu pAka zrI mahAvIrai siM na lIdhu ? tathA koI eka dharmanaiM kAjaiM AdhAkarmI AhAra karI sAdhunaI dii te sAdhu na lii te syA bhaNI tathA vakhANa karatAM muhaDai chehar3a, (cher3o) tathA hAtha dii syA bhaNI? tathA dharmanaI kAjaiM hiMsA parUpaI tehanaI vItarAge anAryavacananA bolaNahArA kAM kahyAM? tathA je zramaNa mAhaNa hiMsA parUpai tehanaiM "bahudaMDaNANaM, muDaNANaM jAva tamAI maraNANaM, pIAmaraNANaM' ityAdi bola kA kahyA ? vivekI hui te vicArI jojyo| anai valI ju dharmanai kIdhai Azrava nahIM tu sAdhu IryAiM cAlai te syA bhaNI ? paNi jANajyo je sUtraviruddha kahai cha / eha trIju bola / " 4. cauthau bola : "havai cautha u bola likhIi chai / tathA zrI vItarAga devai zrI sUyagaDAMga adhyayana 17 maI ehava kahiuM--je pUrva pazcima uttara dakSiNanai viSai eriNaM paraiM mokSa pAmai te adhikAra likhIi chai / ' . sUyagaDAMga sUtranA puDarIka nAmanA sattaramA adhyayanano pATha nIce mujaba che: "se bemi pAINaM vA jAva evaM se parinnAyakamme evaMsi viveakamme, evaMsi vi aMtakAraebhavatItimakkhAyaM, tattha khalu bhagavatA chajjIvanikAyaheu pannattA taM jahA-pur3havIkAie jAva tasakAie se jahAnAmae mama assAyaM. daMDeNa vA, aTThINa vA, muTThINa vA, ledNa vA, kavAleNa vA AuTTijjamANassa vA hammamANassa vA,
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________________ 658 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 tajjijja mANassa vA, tADijjamANassa vA pariyAvijjamANassa vA kilAmijjamANassa vA, uddavijjamANassa vA jAvalomukkhaNaNavihiM sAkAragaM dukkhaM bhayaM par3isaMmuvedemi, iccevaM jAva NaM savve pANA, jAva savvaM sattA, daMDeNa vA jAva kavAleNa vA AuTTijjamANA vA hammamANA vA, tajjijjamANA vA, tAlijjamANA vA, paritAvijjamANA vA, udvijjamANA vA, jAva lomukkhaNaNamAyamavihiM sAkAragaM dukkhaM bhayaM par3isaMvedeti / evaM naccA, savve pAraNA jAva sattA Na haMtavvA Na ajbhAveyavvA, parighetavvA, paritAveyavvA, raNa uddaveyavvA / se bemi, je pratItA, je a paDuppannA, je aprAgamissA arihaMtA bhagavaMtA savve te evamAikkhaMti, evaM bhAsaMti, evaM pannaveMti savve pAraNA jAva sattA, raga haMtavvA Na ajjhAveavvA Na parighetavvA raNa paritAveyavvA Na uddaveyavvA / esa dhamme dhuve NItie sAsae samecca logaM kheaNNehiM pavedite / " ihAM zrI vItarAgai ekAMta dayAi mokSa khiiN| paNi kihAMI hiMsAI mokSa nathI / e cauthau bola / pAMca bola : 5. havai pAMca bola likhIi chai / tathA zrI sUyagaDAMganai 18 mai adhyayanaiM ehuM kahiuM -- je zramaNa mAhaNa hiMsA parUpai, te saMsAra mAMhi ralai, gAr3hA dukhIA thAIM, valI janma maraNa karaI, daridrI durbhAgI thAI, hAtha paga Adi zarIra nu cheda pAmaI / anai je zramaNa mAhaNa dayA prarUpai te saMsArakAMtAra mAMhi rulaI nahIM, te dukhIzrA na thAI, tehanA hAthapagAdi cheda na pAmai / te sIjhai bujjhai sarva dukhanu aMta karai, te AlAvau likhIi chai : "esa tulAe sappamANA esa saMmosaraNA patte tulA patte pamANA patte samosaraNA / tattha NaM je te samaNamAhaNA evamAikkhaMti jAva parUveMti savve pANA jAva sattA haMtavvA, ajjhAvezravvA, parighetavvA, paritAveyavvA, kilAmiyavvA, uddaveyavvA, te AgaMtucche Ae, te AgaMtu bheprAe jAva te AgaMtu jAijarAmaraNajoNijammaNasaMsArapuNavbhava gavbhavAsabhavaparvaca kalaMkAlIbhAgiNo bhavissaMti, te bahUNaM daMDaNANaM, bahUNaM muDaNANaM, tajjaNANaM tAlakhANaM, pradubaMdhaNANaM, jAva gholagANaM mAimaraNANaM pitimaraNANaM bhagiNImaraNANaM, bhajjAputtadhUtasuNhAmaraNANaM, dAridANaM, dohaggANaM, appiyasaMvAsANaM pigravippaogANaM bahUNaM dukkhadomaNasAnaM prabhogiNo bhavissaMti, araNAtIyaM ca NaM aNavaTTaNaM dIhamaddhaM cAuraMtasaMsArakaMtAraM bhujjo apariyaTTissaMti / te No sijjhissaMti No bujjhissaMti, jAba No savvadukkhANaM aMtaM karissati / esa tulA, esa pamANe, esa samosaraNe, patte tule, patte pamANe, patte samosaraNe tattha NaM je te samaNA mAhaNA evamAikkhaMti jAva parUveMti savve pANA jAva savve sattA Na haMtavvA jAva Na uddaveavvA, te No prAgaMtu cheAe, te No
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________________ sAmAnya zratadhara kAla khaNDa 2 lokAzAha [ 656 prAgaMtu bhegrAe, jAva jAijarAmaraNajoNijammaNasaMsArapuNabhavagavbhavAsabhabapavaMcakalaMkali bhAgiNe Ne bhavissaMti / te No bahuNaM daMDaNANaM jAva No baharaNaM dukkhadomaraNa sANaM No AbhogiNo bhavissaMti / aNAtIaM ca NaM aNavayaggaM dIhamaddhaM cAuraMtasaMsArakaMtAraM bhujjo No apariyaTTisaMti, te sijijhassaMti jAva savva dukkhANaM aMte karissaMti / " - e pAlAvAnaiM melaI je zrI vItarAga nAM saMtAnImA ekAMta dayAiM dharma prarUpaI, egaI kahivaiM hiMsAI dharma na prarUpaI, eha pAMcamu bola / 6. chaThu bola : havai chaThTha bola likhIi chiiN| tathA ketalAeka ima kahaI chaI-ju dayAI dharma, tu tAritrIu nadI kAMiM utaraI ? tehanau uttara prachyo-jai nadI utarai dharma hui, tau bahU bahU siM na utri| zrI vItarAge tu nadI utaravA nI saMkhyA bolii| tathA zrI samavAyAMganaiM ekavIsameM samavAye, tathA dazAzruta madhye ehavA kahyA je 'aMtomAsassa tau tadakaleve kAramANe sabale / ' ihAM tau ima kahya-je mahInAnA madhye triNi lepa lagADai te sabalau / varasadIsamAhI dasa lepa lagAr3ai te sabalu / to havai junonaI nadI utaraI dharma, tu zrI vItarAge jikA adhikI nadI utarai tehanai sabalau kAM nahIM kahai ? tathA je dharma karttavya chai te bahu-bahu kIjai, anai bala karInai anumodIi, anai nadI tu baha utaravI nhiiN| anai utariyA pachai anumodai pariNa nahIM : je virAdhanA huI te nidai garhaI tathA sAdhunaiM vihAra karataI kehaika varisaiM, tathA kehaikai mAsaIM tathA kehaI kaI divasi kSetravizeSaiM tathA dezavizeSajJa nadI, nAvI tathA na utariunukAiM sAdhu nadI praNautariAnau pazcA- . ttApa tau na karai / paNi pratimAnau pUjaNahAra kehai kai mAsi kehai kaI divasi kAraNavizeSaI pratimA pUjI na sakai, tu pazcAttApa karai, ima cItavai 'je mAharai potai pApa je maI pratimA na puujaannii|' paNi sAdhu nadI araNautarai ima na cItavai je-mAharai potai pApa je mai nadI na utraannii|" jiko pratimA Upari nadInu dRSTAnta mAMDai chai te sUtra viruddha dIsai chai / te etalA bhaNI je pratimAnA pUjanahAranaiM pratimA nI pUjA anumodaNanaiM khAtai chai / anai sAdhunaI nadInu utAra niMdavAnai khAtai chai tathA havaI jeNaiM khAtai nadI chai te prIjhyA / nadI azakyaparihAra chai, anai anAkuTi chai te anAkuTi zrI samavAyAMga madhye ekavIsamai samavAyai chai / vivekI hai te vicArI jojyo / eha cha8 bola / 7. sAtamu bola : __ havai sAtamu bola likhIi chai / tathA siddhAnta mAMhi tugiyA nagarI nA tathA AlaMbhiA nagarI nAM tathA sAvatthI nagarI nA pramukha zrAvaka gAr3hA ghaNAM nA adhikAra dIkhai chaIM, tathA kuNai zrAvakaI pratimA ghar3AvI tathA bharAvI tathA prati
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________________ 660 } SThAvI tathA pUjI tathA juhArI kihAM dIsatI nathI / sahU saravAlai manuSya loka mAMhi eka drupadIiM pUjI dIsai chai / te pUjAvAnu prastAva kIhu ? siddhAnta na artha tu naya upari cAlaI / e tu naya saMsAra nA AraNakAraNa nu dIsai chai je paraNatI velAI pUjI / valI punarapi AkhA bhava mAMhi drupadIiM pratimA pUjI kahI nathI / ju mokSa nai khAtai hui to tu paraNavA nA avasaraTAlI valI pUjai / puNa e mokSa nai khAtai nathI dIsatI / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa anai je vAstukazAstre tathA vivekavilAsa mAhiM pratimA ghar3AvavA bharAvavAnI vidhi bolI, tathA je havar3AM je navI pratimA bharAvai tathA ghar3Avai, te ghar3AvaNahAra tehanaiM pUchai - " mujhanaI pratimA ghar3AvavAnI bharAvavAnI tathA pratiSThAvavAnI vidhi kahau / " tehai jotAM saMsAranaI hetuiM dIsai chai / te kima ? to likhIi chai - "egavIsa titthayarA saMtikarA huMti gehesu / " - je ekavIsa tIrthaMkara nI pratimA ghare mAMDI zAMti karai / paNi triNi tIrthaMkara nI pratimA ghari na mAMDai / ju mokSa nai khAtai hui, to triNi tIrthaMkara ghari mAMDyA zAnti siMhaM na karaI ? tIrthaMkara tu cauvIsai mokSadAyaka chai / jeNai ima kahiuM "triNi tIrthaMkara ghari na mAMDI, jeha bhaNI tehanaiM beTA na havA, teha bhaNI ghari na mAMDIi / " eNai kAraNaiM saMsAra naI hetu dIsai chai / paNi mokSa nai khAtai nathI / tathA ji kA navI pratimA bharAvai, tehanI rAsi pUchInai tIrthaMkara nI rAsi saMghAti milatAM vizeSa joii / ima karatai je tIrthaMkara saMghAtaI nAr3Ivedha par3ai, tathA bIAbAra par3ai, tathA navapaMcaka par3ai, tathA Sar3ASTauM par3ai ityAdika yoga upajai, te pratimA bharAvai nahIM, ghari mAMDai nahIM, ehai jotAM saMsAra nai hetuI dIsai chai / tathA valI jihAM pratimA pratiSThA icchai tihAM AraNakAraNa ghaNAM karai chaIM / teha hetuI jotaI paNi saMsAra naI khAtaI dIsai chai / tathA valI je jiNadattasUrinau kIdhau vivekavilAsa teha mAMhiM pratimA ghar3AvavAnI vidhi bolI chai / tihAM ima kahiuM chai - "ju pratimA nuM mukha raudra par3ai, tathA bIjA avayava pADuA par3aI, tau te pratimAMnA karAvaNahAra naI ghaNI ja hANi bolI chai / "putra nI hANi tathA mitranI hANi tathA dhananI hANi, tathA zarIra nI hANi " -- ityAdika ghaNAM doSa bolyA chaI / ehai ThAma jotAM saMsAra hetuI dIsai cha, tIrthaMkara tau kahainaI jyA na karaI / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo / -bhAga 4 tathA jihAM sUriAbhaI pratimA pUjI tihAM paNi mokSanaI khAtai pUjI nathI / etalA bhaNI jihAM jihAM zrI vItarAga vAMdyA tihAM ehavA kahyAM- "je kheyaNNe peccA hiAe suhAe" - ityAdi kahatAM parabhava jANivau / anai jihAM pratimA pUjI tihAM "puvviM pacchA hiAe suhAe" - ityAdi kA / eha adhikAra jotAM mokSanai khAtai nahIM / ju pratimAnaiM adhikAraiM "peccA" kahya, hutau vItarAga vAMdyA anai pratimA pUjI sarIkhu thAuta / IkhyAM tau 'vItarAga vAMdyA' anai ' pratimA pUjI' vicAlai zabda nA phera tara gAr3hA sabalA dIsaI chaI / je DAhu huI te vicArajyo /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 lokazAha [ 661 tathA ketalA eka ima kahai chai, samyagdRSTI TAlI koI 'namotthuNaM' ityAdi na bhaNai / te zrI anuyogadvAra mAMhi ima kaha yu - 'je ime samaNaguNamukkajogI chakkAyaNiraNukaMpA yA iva uddAmA, gayA iva niraMkusA, ghaTTA maTTA tuppoTTA, paMDurapaTTapAuraNA, jiNAraNaM praNAraNAe sacchaMda vihariUNaM ubhaokAlamA vassagassau vassagassa uvaTThati', tu joii lokottara dravyAvazyaka nA karaNahAra dina prati vAra bi Avazyaka karaI teha mAMhi "namotthugaM" kahai, anai te vItarAgaI samakitadRSTI na kahiyA / tau jou naI, ji koI ima kahai chai jo 'samyagdRSTI TAlI namotthuNaM ko na kahai' te vAta sUtraviruddha dIsai chai / tathA zrI naMdisUtra mAMhiM ima kaha, yuM - je cauda pUrva nA bhaNaNahAra naI mati samI hui, jAva dasa pUrva nA bhaNanahArana paNi mati samI huI, anai nava pUrva nA bhaNanahArana paNi mati samI hui, anai mithyA paNi hui / " etalai NamotthUNaM Adii deinai graMtha gharagui bhAi, paNi mati mithyAi i, anai samI paNa hui / tu iNaI melaI jotAM je ima kahai chai je samyagdRSTI TAlI anerA 'namotthuNaM' na kahai - e bAta zAstrasyu viruddha dIsai chai / tathA pratyakSa SamaNA pramukha ghaNAI 'namotthuNaM' kahaI chaiM, te kAMI samakitadRSTi jANyA nathI je hu huI te vicArI jojyo / tathA ketalAeka ima kahaI chaI je gaNadhare i kAM kaha yuM je "jiNaghare" " jiNapaDimA " tathA "dhUvaM dAUNa jiNavarANaM ?" tehanA uttara prIchau - je jagamAMhiM jehanA nAma jehavAM pravarttatAM hue gaNadhara paNi tehanu adhikAra AviI tehanaI tehavai nAma kahai / jima zrI ThANAMga madhye trIjai ThANAi gaNadhare ika kaha, yu je 'bharahe vAse to titthA paNNattA - mAgahe, varadAme pabhAse' to jou tai jima gaNadhare tIrtha kahAM, timai mana kahiuM je "tao kutitthA paNNattA" ju gaNadhare te tIrtha kaha yAM tukAI ApaNa tIrtha karI prArAdhyA nahIM / etalai gaNadhara jehanu jeha nAma hui tehanaI tehavu nAma kahai / te te nAma kaha yA mATi i kAMi ArAdhya na thAi / zrI vItarAgai tu jJAna darzana cAritra ArAdhyA trIjai ThANai bolyA "tivihA AsAhaNA paNNattA jahA nANArAhaNA daMsaNA rAhaNA cAritArAhaNA" tathA gaNadhare ApaNe mukhaI ima kaha yu - pUrNabhadra yakSanaI - " je divve sacce" e yakSa sAcau, ju gaNadhare ima kaha yuM - je e yakSa sAcaraM tu kAMI prApaNaI ArAdhavau nahIM / tathA gadhare ima kaha - je gozAlA nA zrAvaka ehavA chaiM, je 'arihaMtadevatAgA ammA piu sassusagA / ' gaNadhara ima kaha yu je gozAlAnA zrAvakanaiM gozAlo arihaMta deva chaiM pariNa garaNadhare ima siMiM na kaha yu - ' je gozAlAnA zrAvakanaI gozAlo kudeva chai / ' etalai ima jANajyo, je loka mAMhi je padArtha jehavAM pravartai chai, te garaNadharapariNa tima ja kahaI | tathA drupadI nA pralAvA nI vRtti mAMhi ima kahiuM chai - je "eka vAcanAi eha chai, je " jiraNapar3imAraNaM, accaNaM kareti / " etAvadevaM dRzyate - " jina pratimA.
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________________ 662 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 nI arcA kIdhIM" etalu ja dIsai chai, paNi 'jiNaghare' ityAdika bola kahyA nthii| havar3AM je prati pravartai chai, anai te prativicAlai aAMtarAM ghAr3hA dharaNAM dIsai chaiM DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo| tathA ketalAeka ima kahaI chaiM-je drupadI I nAradanaI ima kahiuM je "asaMjayaavirae" ityAdi / zre bola samyagdRSTI viveka kuNa jANai / te bola mithyAtvIi, gautamasvAmInaiM pariNa ima kahiyA chai / te likhIi chai--"taeNaM te annautthiA jeNeva bhagavaM gauame terageva uvAgacchai, uvAgacchittA bhagavaM gomaM evaM vayAsI- "tunbhe NaM ajjo tivihaM tiviheNaM asaMjaya aviraya-paDihaya paccakhAyapAvakamme sakirie, asuvur3e egaMtadaMDe egaMtabAle prAvi bhavaha / " ehavA bola kahyA chaI / zrI bhagavatIsUtranai aDhAramA zatakanai AThamaI uddesaiM chai / tathA sthaviranai pariNa mithyAtvIiM ehavA bola kahyA chaiM / "tae NaM te annaUtthiyA jeNeva therA bhagavaMtA, teNeva uvAgacchaMti / te there bhagavaMte evaM vadAsi-tunbhe NaM ajjo tivihaM tiviheNaM asaMjaya aviraya par3ahaya ityAdi jahA sattamasae jAva egaMtabAle Avi bhvh|" zrI bhagavatI sUtranai AThamA zatakanai sAtamai uddesai chai / tu jounai mithyAtvI 'asaMjae avirae" ityAdi bola jANai chai / eha sAtamu bola / 8. pAThamu bola : havai AThamu bola likhIi chi| tathA zrI vItarAgadevaI siddhAnta mAMhi sAdhu cAritriyAnai zrI ThANAMga madhye paMca mahAvratanAM pAlyA nA phala tathA zrI uttarAdhyayana cauvIsamA madhye pAMca samiti triNi guptinAM phala, tathA adhyayana 26 mai daza vidha sAmAcArI nAM phala, phrAsuka AhAra dIdhAnAM phala, zrI bhagavatI madhye bAre bhede tapa kIdhA nA phala trIsamai adhyayanai, dazavidha vezrAvacca nAM phala bolyA zrI ThANAMga madhye, tathA vinaya kIdhAM nAM phala, adhyayana pahilai tathA adhyayana 31 mai cAritra pAlyA nAM phala, tathA oguNatrIsamai adhyayanai bola ghaNAM nA phala bolyAM, tathA zrAvakanaI bAra vrata pAlyA nAM phala zrI uvavAi upAMga tathA sAmAiya cauvIsattharo ityAdi AvazyakanAM phala anuyogadvAra madhye, tathA zrAvakanaI ju sAdhu cAritrIA vaMdanIka chaiM tu sAdhunai vAMdyA nAM phala, tathA sAdhu nI paryupAsti kIdhAnAM phala tathA anna pANI dIdhAMnAM phala tathA upAzraya dIdhAnAM phala, tathA vastra pAtra dIdhAnAM phala ityAdi / jau tIrthaMkaradeva gaNadhara prAcArya upAdhyAya sAdhu jau ArAdhya chai tu tehanA ghaNI-ghaNI pari nAM phala zrI siddhAnta mAMhiM kahyAM chaI anai jau pratimA mokSamArgamAMhi ArAdhya nathI tu kihAM siddhAnta mAMhi prAsAda karAvyAnA, pratimA ghar3AvyAnAM, pratimA bharAvyAnA, tathA pratimA pUjyAMnA tathA pratimA pratiSThyAnA, tathA pratimA vAMdyA nAM tathA pratimA Agali DhoyAnAM phala tathA pratimA Agali bhAvanA bhAvyAnA phala ityAdi-ghaNAM vAnAM loka pratimA Agali karai chai paNi te ekai balinA phala sUtrai zrI vItarAga deve nathI khyaa| tau jounai
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha mokSa nAM phala pASaI jikAM vaMdanA pUjanA karai chai, tehanai mokSa nu lAbha kima husii ? DAhu huI te vicArI jojyo / eha AThamu bola / 6. navamu bola : havai navamu bola likhIi chai / tathA jIvAbhigama upAMgamadhye lavaNa samudra nA adhikAra kahyA chii| tihAM zrI gautamasvAmiiM pUchayA chai ju "pANI evaDau ucchalai tu jaMbUdvIpa naI ekodaka siMiM nathI karatu ? tihAM valatu zrI vItarAge ima kaha yu kai" jati NaM bhaMte lavaNa samudde do joaNasahassAiM cakkavAlavikkhaMbheNaM, paNNarasa joaNasahassAiM sattacaAlaM kiMci-pisesuNe parikkhepeNaM, egaM joaNasahassaM uvvehegaM, solasa joyaNasahassAiM usseheNaM, sattarasa jograNasahassAiM savvaggeNaM paNNatte, kamhA NaM bhaMte lavaNasamudde jaMbudIvaM dIvaM no uvIleti, no uppIle ti, No ceva NaM ekkodagaM kareti ?" gomA ! jaMbudIve NaM dIve bharaheravatesu vAsesu arahaMta cakkavahi baladeva vAsudevA cAraNa vijjAharA, samaNa samaNI, sAvayasAviyAo, maraNuA pagatibhaddayA pagativiNIyA pagati uvasaMtA pagatipayarakohakohamANamAyAlobhA miumaddavasaMpaNNA allINA bhaddagA viNIyA tesiM NaM paNihAya lavaNasamudde jaMbudIvaM dIvaM no uvIleti, no uppIleti, No ceva NaM ekkodagaM kareti / gaMgAsindhurattArattavaIsu salilAsu devayAo, mahiDDhiyAo, jAva paligrovamaThitIyAno parivasaMti, tAsi NaM paNihAya lavaNasamudde jAva No ceva NaM ekkodagaM kariti / cullahimavaMtasiharisu vAsadharapavvatesu devA mahiDr3hiyA, tesi NaM paNihAya hemavayaraNNavaesu vAsesu maguA pagatibhaddayA, rohitArohitaMsAsuvaNNakulAruppakulAsu salilAsu devayAo mahiDDhiyAo, tAsi paNi saddAvati viaDAvati vaTTaveaDr3hapavvaesu devA mahiDDhiA jAva paligrovamaThitiA pnnnnttaa| mahAhimavaMtaruppAsu vAsaharapavvaesu devA mahiDDhiA jAva paligrovamaThitimA harivAsarammagavAsesu mAyA pagatibhaddagA gaMdhAvatimAlavaMtapariyAesu vaTTaveaDDhapavvaesu devA mahiDDhiyANisaDhaNIlavaMtesu vAsaharapavvaesu devA mhiddddhiyaa| savvAno udahidevatAo bhANiyabvAyo paumaddahAmro tegicchikesariddahAo vAsINIno devayAno mahiDDhiyAno tAsi pariNahAya puvavidehapravaravidehesu vAse mu arahaMtacakkavaTTi-baladevavAsudevacAraNavijjAharA, samaNAmro samaNIgro, sAvagAgro sAvigAo, maNyA pagatibhaddagA tesi paNihAya lavaNe (jAva Ne ceva NaM ekkodagaM kareti) sItA sItodagAsu salilAsu devayA mahiDDhiyA, devakuru uttarakuru mAyA pagatibhaddagA, maMdare pavvate devayA mahiDDhiyA jaMbuddIveNaM sudaMsaraNA jaMbudIvAhivatI agADhae NAmA deve mahiDDhie jAva paligrovamaThitIe parivasati, tesi NaM pariNahAya lavaNasamudde No uvIleti, no uppIleti, no ceva NaM egodagaM kareti, cha / ___ tu johanaiM zrI vItarAge arihaMta cakravati baladeva vAsudeva cAraNa vidyAdhara sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA, prakRtibhadraka manuSya, gaMgA sindhu devI ityA
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________________ 664 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa dika je jerAI thAnakaI jehanA prabhAva chai, tehanA prabhAva kahayA, anai jeNai jeNai parvata zAzvatI pratimA chaI te iM-terAI DuMgari je je devatA basaI chaI, tehanA prabhAva vItarAge kA pariNa pratimA nA prabhAva na kahiyA / anai havar3AM tu loka pratimAnA gAr3hA dharaNAM prabhAva kahaI cha iM, pariNa zrI vItarAge kAMI prabhAva na kahyA / ju kAMI pratimAnA prabhAva hu tau ihAMI prabhAva kahata / jUna ! jo koI prakRtibhadraka manuSya, tehanu prabhAva kaha yuM, tau pratimAnau prabhAva syaiM na kahiu ? DAhu huI te vicArI jojyo / eha navamu bola / dasamu bola : havai dasamu bola likhIi chai / tathA zrI siddhAnta mAMhi zrI vItarAga devaI sAdhuna zrAvakanaI samyagdRSTI naI kehi pratimA ArAdhya na kahI / anai ji vAraI pratimAnA thApaka kanhaI pUchIi tivAraI sUrinAbhidevatAnA AlApA dekhAi | sUribhidevatAiM pariNa mokSanai khAtai pratimA nathI pUjI, te adhikA adhikAra likhI chai / jihAM sUriprAbhadevatA iM zrI vItarAga vAMdyA tihAM ehavu kahiuM - "e me peccA hitAte suhAe, khamAe, gissesAe, ANu gAmittAe bhavissai / " tu junonaI, jihAM vItarAga vAMdyA tihAM peccA kahitAM parabhave 'himAe suhAe' kahiuM / anai jihAM pratimA pUjI tihAM 'puvviM pacchA' kahiuM pariNa parabhave na kahiuM / siddhAnta mAhiM jihAM devatAe athavA manuSyai zrI vItarAga vAMdyA, tihAM 'peccA hiyAe' athavA 'ihabhave parabhave himAe' kahiuM pariNa kihyAMi "puvviM pacchA hilAe suhAe" na kahiuM / anai jihAM pratimA pUjI tihAM - "puvviM pacchA hilAe suhAe" kahiuM / pariNa kihAMi "peccA" athavA "parabhave hilAe " na kahiuM / paraNa IM kAraNai pratimA mokSanai khAtai nathI / jima bhagavatI sUtra madhye bIje zatake khaMdaka nai pralAvai 10. hU adhikAra prAjU kahyA chaI, te likhIi chaiM- "jeNeva samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre teNeva uvAgacchaha, uvAgacchitA samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM tikhutto prAyAhiNaM payAhiNaM kareMti / kareittA jAva namasittA evaM vayAsI - " prAlittaNaM bhaMte loe, palitte NaM bhaMte loe prAttipalitte NaM bhaMte loe, jarA - maraNeNa ya se jahAnAmae kei gAhAvai zrAgAraMsi -bhAga 4 yAyamANaMsa se je tattha bhaMr3e bhavai appasAre mollagurue taM gahAya prAyAse egaMtamaMta arraft esa me nitthArie samANe pacchA purAe hizrAe suhAe khamAe nissesAe AgAmittAe bhavissai, evameva devAraguppiyA majjha vi zrAyA ege bhaMr3e, iTTha e kaMte fur maraNe maraNA ghejje vissAsie saMmae bahumae araNumae bhaMDakaraMDasamANe, mANaM sI, mANaM unhaM, mA NaM khuhA, mA NaM pivAsA, mA NaM corA, mANaM bAlA, mA NaM daMsA, mA NaM masagA mA NaM vAipittiprasaMbhisannivAiya vivihA rogAyaMkA parIsahovasaggA phusaMtu tti kaTTu esa nitthArie samANe samANe paralossa hiAe suhAe khamAe, nIsesAe AragugAmiyattAe bhavissai / " ihAMi khaMdakaiM zrI mahAvIra naI ima kahiuM / jima eka ko eka gRhasthanai dhari Agi lAgu hui te ghara nuM dharaNI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 665 sAra vastu kAr3hai anai ima kahai-"e sAra bhaMDAra kADhayu hutu mujhanai pacchA purA hiyAe suhAe ityAdi husii| anai hu~ je cAritra leU chu te mujhanaI paralogassa hiyAe suhAe ityAdi husii|" havaI juno naI lakSmI kADhayAnA anai cAritra lIdhAnA zabda nA ketalA phera chaiM? "hiAe suhAe jAva prANugAmIe" e zabda tu behu adhikAraiM kahyA chaiM, pariNa lakSmI kADhI tihAM ima kahya pacchA purA anai cAritra lI-- tihAM ima kahya-"paralogassa" tu jounai jima ihAMi evar3A phera zavdanA chaI, tima sUriyAbhanaiM paNi AlAvai jihAM pratimA pUjI tihAM "puTviMpacchA", anai jihAM vItarAga vAMdyA tihAM "peccA' ima kahauM / evar3A zabda nA phera chai e pAlAvAnaiM melaI sUriyAbhadevatAiM pratimA pUjI / anai pratimA Agali namotthuNaM kahya te jUi khAtai / anai zrI vItarAga vAMdyA te jUi khAtai / tathA jima pratimAnaiM puvviM pacchA kahiuM chai tima dAr3ha nI pUjAmaiM pariNa puvviM pacchA kahiuM chai / e behU adhikAra eka bAjauiM / tathA ketalAeka ima kahaI chaI -je sudharmAsabhAI tIrthaMkara nI dAr3ha chai, tihAM devatA maithuna na sevai / teha bhaNI dAr3ha samyaktvanai khAtai / to jopronaisamyaktvanai khAtai hui to puvviM pacchA kAM kahai ? anai dhammigraM. vavasAiyaM paNi kAM kahai ? tathA zrI ThANAMga madhye trIjai ThANai vyavasAya trINi kahyAM, te likhIi chai cha-"tivihe vavasAe paNNatte taM jahA dhammie vavasAe, adhammie vavasAe, dhammiadhammie, vavasAe'"-te dharma vyavasAya sAdhunau dharmAdharma vyavasAya zrAvakanau, bAkI bAvIsa daMDaka adharmavyavasAya kahyA to junonaiM--"devatA zrI vItarAge adharmavyavasAya kahyA, anai jihAM sUriyAbhadevatA pratimA tathA draha vAvi ityAdi pUjavA prApyu tihAM ima kahiu je dhammigraM vavasAiyaM ginnhijjaa|" anai ThANAMga madhye dasamai ThANai dharma tau dasa kahyAM--"dasavihe dhamme pannate, taM jahA--gAmaghamme (1), nagarapamme (2), raThUdhamme (3), pAsaMDadhamme (4), kuladhamme (5), gaNadhamma (6), saMghadhamme (7), supradhamme (8.), cArittadhamme (6), asthikAyadhamme (10) / e dasa dharma kahyAM / te mAMhiM je "dhammigraM vavasAiyaM giNhijjA"---kahiuM te tu kuladharma mAMhi prAvai chai / anai ketalAeka ima kahaI chaI, je "dhammigraM vavasAiyaM" kahatAM zrutadharma kahIi / tau DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo-je sUriyAbhaI tau pratimA, draha, vAvi, hathIyAra ityAdi ghaNAM vAnAM pUjyAM chaiM / anai dhammigraM vavasAiyaM tu samuccayapadaI kahiUM chai / ju dhammigraM vavasAigraM zrutadharma tu draha, vAvi, hathIyAra jetalAM vAnAM te sahU zrutadharma thAi anai tihAM tau ima na kahiuM-je pratimA nI pUjA tathA namotthuNaM te zrutadharma anai draha vAvi hathIyAra ityAdika te kuladharma / tihAM tu samuccayapadaiM dhammigraM vavasAimaM kahya chai / pratimA namotthuNaM draha vAvI hathIyAra pramukha sahUnaiM kahiuM chai / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo|
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________________ . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 tathA valI prIchau--dhammigraM vavasAiyaM kahiuM-te pustaka vAMcyA pachI kahiuM / anai te te pustaka naI eha ja sUtra mAMhi ima kahya ti| etalai te pustaka je dharmazAstra anai prAcArAMgAdika je samyakazAstra chai te tau te na huii| tau jounai te kUNa dharma zAstra chai ? jau zrutadharmazAstra hui tau tehamAMhiM draha vAvI, hathIyAra pramukha je vAMnAM pUjyAM te pUjavA na klpi| eNaiM kAraNaiM te zrutadharmazAstra na hui / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo / iti sUriyAbhAdhikAra, eha dasamu bol| 11. igyAramu bola : havaI igyArimu bola likhIi chai-tathA ketalAeka ima kahai chaiM--je sAdhu cAritrIAnaI vidyAcAraNa jaMdhAcAraNa labdhi upajai chai, te lavdhanai pramANaiM je mAnuSottaraparvataI cetya zabdaI pratimA vaMdahI tehanA paDUttara prochau / zrI vItarAgaI siddhAnta mAMhi mAnuSottaraparvataIM cyAri kUTa kahyAM, pariNa siddhAyatana kUTa na kahiuM / anai anere parvate jihAM siddhAyatana kUTa chai tihAM kUTa nI varNavanA karatAM siddhAyatana kuTa pariNa mAhaiM kahyA chii| anai jau egaI parvataI siddhAyatana kUTa nathI tau jihAM e parvata nA kUTa kahyAM, tihAM siddhAyatana kUTa na kahiuM / havai zrI ThANAMga mAMhi mAnuSottarakUTa kahyAM te likhIi chai--''mANUsuttarassa pavvayassa caudisiM cattAri kUTA pannattA taM jahA---rayaNe 1, rayaguvvate 2, savvarayaNAyare 3, rayaNasaMcae 4, / " tu jounai ihAMi zAzvatI pratimA nthii| tu ceizavdaI syu vAMdyu ? anai zrI arihaMta tu jihAM rahyA vAMdIi, tihAM thI vaMdAi / . anai cei zavdaI arihaMta tu ghaNe ThAmi kahyA chaiM, te ThAma likhIi chai"taM gacchAmo NaM devANuppiyA samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM vaMdAmo raNamusAmo sakkAremo sammANemo kallANaM maMgalaM devayaM ceiaM pjjuvaasaamo| eyaM NaM peccabhave ihabhaviya hisAe suhAe khamAe riNassesAe prANugAmittAe bhavissatIti' kahu, zrI uvavAi madhye e arihaMta vidyamAnanA caitya 1 "taM gacchAmo NaM devANuppiyA samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIra vaMdAmo NamusAmo, jAva pajjuvAsAmo / eyaM NaM ihabhaviya parabhaviya, hisAe suhAe khamAe NissesAe prANugAmiyattAe bhavissatIti / " zrI bhagavatI madhye zataka :-- "taM gacchAmi NaM devANappiA samaraNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM vadAmi rAmasAmi sakkAremi sammANemi, kallANaM maMgalaM devayaM ceigraM pajjuvAsAmi / " rAyapaseraNI madhye e arihaMta vidyamAnanA caitya-2-"amhe NaM bhaMte sUriyAbhassa devassa grAbhiyogA devArarAppiyANaM vaMdAmo raNamaMsAmo, sakkAremo sammAraNemo, kallAraNaM, maMgalaM, devayaM ceigraM pjjuvaasaamo|" rAyapaseNI upAMga madhye---e arihaMta vidyamAna tehanA caitya-3 "ahaNNaM bhaMte sUriAbhe deve devANuppigraM vadAmi NamaMsAmi jAva pajjuvAsAmi / ' rAyapaseNI upAMga madhye e arihaMta vidyamAna tehanAM caitya-4, "iha mahAmAhaNe, uppaNNaNAragadaMsaraNa-dhare atIya paDupappaNNabharaNAgayaM jAraNae, arahA jiNe kevalI,
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________________ lokazAha sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 } [ 667 savva savvadarisi telokkamahitapUjite sadevagarAsurassa logassa praccarigajje vaMdariNajje pUrijje, sakkAraNijje sammAraNaNijje, kallANaM maMgalaM devayaM ceiaM pajjuvA sarigajje / " zrI upAsakadazAMga madhye adhyayana 7, e arihaMta vidyamAnanA caitya 5, ityAdika ghaNe ThAmaiM ceizabdaiM arihaMta kahyA cha / jau mAnuSottaraparvataiM hyA arihaMta vAMdyA tu ima jANajyo, je saghalai arihaMta vAMdyA / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo / tathA koI ima kahasii - naMdIsaravaraiM ceizabdaI syuM vAM / tehanA uttara prIchau, jau mAnuSottaraiM ceizabdaiM arihaMta vAMdyA, tara naMdIsaravarapramukha saghalai cei zabda arihaMta vAMdyA / mAnuSottaraiM granai naMdIsaravaraI zabda nA phera kAMI cha nahIM / behU ThAma sarikhA zabda chaI / tathA rucakadvIpa pariNa zAzvatI pratimA sUtrai kihAMi nathI kahiuM / tathA jaMghAcAraraganai prAlAvai bIjA gharaNA pratyuttara chaIM, pariNa jau mAnuSottaraiM zAzvatI pratimA nathI, tau bIjA pratyuttara najaM syu kAma ? hu hui te vicArI jojyo / cha / eha igyAramu bola / 12. bAramu bola : havai bAramu bola likhIi chai / tathA zrI bhagavatI sUtra madhye camarendranaI adhikAraiM ehavA zabda chaI - "gaNNattha arahaMte vA, arahaMta cetiyA riNa vA raNagAre bhAviyappamANo nissAe uDDhaM uppayaMti / " tihAM ketalA eka ima kahaI chaI je arahaMtaceiyANi vA 'kahatAM jinapratimAnI nizrAI jAI / ' tehanA pratyuttara likhIi chaI / ts pratimAnI nizrA hui tau camarendra bharatakhaMDa lagaI syA mATaI prAvai / zAzvatI pratimA tu camarendranaI kar3I hatI / anai jau tegaIM garaja sarai tau bharatakhaMDa lagaI sihAnaI pravai / tathA saudharmendraiM vajra mukyu, tivAraI camarendra bhayabhrAnta hutu bharatakhaMDa lagaI siMhAnai pravyau / jau pratimAI garaja sarai tu tihAM zAzvatI pratimA DhUMkar3I hatI, anai tehanaI zaraNa jAuta / paNi jehanaI zaraNaI chUTIi tehanaI zaraNaIM prAvyau dIsai chai / tathA saudharmendra paNi vajra mukI eha citavyu je "camarendranaI etalI zakti nathI, je prApaNI nizrAIM ihAM lagai Avai / paNi arihaMta caitya aNagAra tehanI nizrAIM pravaIM / anai maI tu vajra mukyu chai / tara te arihaMta bhagavaMta aNagAra nI AzAtanAI mujhanaIM mahAduHkha huI / " etalai jounaDa arihaMta bhagavaMta aNagAranI prazAtanA kahI / paNi kAMIM pratimAnI prAzAtanA na kahI / etalaI saudharmendra arihaMta anai caityazabdaI bhagavaMta kahyA / paNi pratimA koI na kahI / etalai arihaMta caitya e zavda nA artha ihAM bhagavaMta kahyA dIsaIM chaIM / anai vRtti mAMhiM pariNa arihaMta phalAvyA chaI / paNi pratimA nathI phalAvI / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo / e bAramu bola /
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 4 13. teramu bola : havai teramu bola likhIi chai, tathA zrI uvavAI upAMga madhye aMbar3a zrAvaka naI adhikAraiM ehavA zabda chaiM je "nannattha arahate vA, arihaMta ceiyANi vaa|" tihAM ketalAeka ima kahaI chaI je 'arihaMta ceizabdaI prtimaa|' tehanA pratyuttara likhIi chi| "arihaMta ceiyANi vA" e beha zavdaI arihaMta ja jANivA / ketalA eka ima kahasyaiM je arihaMtanaiM bihU zabdaI kAM kahIi.? vA zabdaiM tu vikalpa hui| "tau jounaI siddhAnta mAMhiM ThAmi-ThAmi ima kahiuM je "samaNaM vA mAhaNaM vAM" eka sAdhunaI behU nAma kahyAM / tathA vA zabda paNi kahya / tathA zrI sUagaDAMga adhyayana sattaramai eka sAdhu nA tere nAma kahyAM chaIM anai tere nAmai vA zabda paNi kahiu chai / te likhIi chai-"samaNeti vA, mAhaNeti vA, khaMteti vA, daMteti vA, gutteti vA, mutteti vA, IsIti vA, muNoti vA, kiiti vA, vidUti vA, bhikkhUti vA, lU heti vA, tIraDDhIti vA / " ima valI eka vastu nAM gharaNAM gharaNAM nAma AI chii| tathA valI vRttikAraiM paNi "arihaMte vA, arihaMtaceiyANi vA"-tihAM arihaMtaja phalAvyA chiN| tathA cei zavdaI sUtramAMhi ghaNai ThAmaI arihaMta kahyA chaI-"taM gacchAmo NaM devANuppiyA samaNa bhagavaM mahAvIraM vaMdAmo" ityAdi / bIjA AlAvai, tathA ketalAeka ima kahaiM chaiM, je vattikAraiM ughAr3A mATaiM na phlaavyaa| tauM-tauM jounai cei zabda ughADau ke arihaMta zabda ughAr3au ? jaDa ukhAr3au zabda na phalAvaI, tau ihAiM arihanta zabda phalAvya u joii, nhiiN| DAhA hui te vicArI jojyo| eha teramu bola / 14. caudamu bola : __havai caudamu bola likhIi chi| tathA zrI upAsakadazAMgamadhye pANaMda zrAvakanaI adhikAraiM ketalAeka ima kahaI chaI je pratimA ArAdhyA chaiM / tehanA pratyuttara prIchau--"no kappaI" kahiuM te mAMhiM tau ApaNanaI sambandha kAMI nthii| ApaNanaI tu saMbaMdha kappai mAhiM chai, anai kappai mAMhi tu pratimA na khii| tathA no kappai mAMhi ketalA eka ima kahaI chaI je 'anyatI parigahIta' cetya na klpi| tau aNaparigRhIta kalpai / tehanA pratyuttara prIchau-ihAM pratimAnau syu adhikAra chai ? ihAM tau ima kahya je "jAM lagai e na bolAvaI hUM pUrviiM na bola tathA annapAnAdika na deu" tau jUgronaI pratimA kAMI bolai ? kiM vA.annAdi pratimAnaiM kAjaI Avai ? DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo| eha caudamu bol| 15. panaramu bola : havai panaramu bola likhIi chai-tathA zrI praznavyAkaraNa madhye trIjaiM saMvaradvAraiM "ceiaTThanijjara?" je ehavA zabda chaiM, tihAM ketalAeka ima kahaI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 666 chaiM je-"sAdhu caritrIu pratimAnu vevAvacca kri|" tehanA pratyuttara prIchautihAM tau ehavA adhikAra chaI-je sAdhu caritrIu gRhasthanA ghara thakI upadhi pANI bhAta ANai, anai ANInai anerA sAdhunaiM Apai, te prIchau je 'ceiaTTha'-cityartho jJAnArtho etalai jJAnanaiM arthaI, tathA nirjarAMrthaI Apai, tathA ehaji sUtra madhye ghara vistAra chai je-'aprItikAriyAM ghara mAMhi na paisai, aprItikAriyAnu bhAta pAraNI upadhi na liii|' valI ima kahya je "pIr3ha phalaga sijjA saMthAraga vattha pAya kaMbala daMDaga rajoharaNa nizijjA colapaTTaya muhapottIya pAyapuchaNAdi bhAyaNa bhaMDovahi uvagaraNa", etalA vAnAM mAhilupratimAnaI syu kAjai AvaI ? anai sAdhunaiM tu e saghalA vAnAM kAjai aapi| ihAMi tau datta nau adhikAra chai, je dAtAranu dIdhuM levu / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo / eha panaramu bola / 16. solamu bola : __ havai solamu bola likhIi chai / tathA praznavyAkaraNa mAMhiM pahilai prAthava -dvAraiM pRthvIkAyanaiM adhikAraiM--"gar3ha pITaNI AvAza ghara hATa, pratimA prAsAda sabhA ityAdikanaiM kAraNaiM pRthvInaiM haNai"-te zrI vItarAgaIM adharmadvAra mAMhi ghaalyu| ihAM tau pratimAnA nIcor3akaryA dIsai chaiM / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo| tathA ketalAeka ema kahaI chaI je ihAMi tu ima kahya -- "je puvAhiM saMti te maMdabuddhiyA", maMdabuddhI zavdaI mithyAtvI kahIi / e artha sUtrasyu milai nhiiN| te etalA bhaNI je, pAMcamAM adharmadvAra mAhiM parigrahanai adhikAraiM cakravatti baladeva vAsudeva anuttaravimAnavAsI devatA ityAdi dhaNAM kahInai Agali kahya je "maMdabuddhi tA parigrahanau saMcau karaiM" tau jounaiM jiko kahaI chaiM-'maMdabuddhI zabdaI mithyAtvI' te artha jUThA, sUtraviruddha dIsai chii| DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo / eha solamu bola / 17. sattaramubola : ___ havai sattaramubola likhIi chai / tathA ketalAeka ima kahaiMchaI je 'AjJAI dharma kahIi, paNi dayAI dharma na kahii" dayAiM dharma kahiu chai te likhIi chai / tuliAvisesamAdAya dayAdhammassa khaMtie / vippasIijja mehAvI tahAbhUeNa apparagA / / 1 / / iti zrI uttarAdhyayana paMcamAdhyayane gAthA 30 / tathA dayAvaraM dhamma dugaMchamANe vahAvahaM dhamma pasaMsamANe / egaMtajaM bhoyayati asIlaM riNavoNisaMjAti ko surehiM / /
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________________ 670 ] jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 iti zrI sUagaDAMga adhyayana bAvIsamAM madhye gAthA 45 / dhammo maMgalamukkiLaM ahiMsA saMjamo tavo / devA vi taM namasaMti jassa dhamme sayA maraNo / / 1 / / iti zrI dazavaikAlika prathama adhyayana madhye / tathA "se bemi je atItA je a paDuppaNNA je aprAgamissA arihaMtA bhagavaMto te savve evamAikkhaMti, evaM bhAsaMti, evaM paNNaveMti evaM parUveMti savve pANa savve bhUtA savve jIvA savve sattA na haMtavvA na ajjAveyavvA, naM parighettavvA, na paritAveyavvA, na uddaveyavvA, esa dhamme suddhe" - iti zrI AcArAMga cauthai adhyayanai / tathA zrI vItarAge dayAiM karI mokSa kahya te likhIi chai : sagarovi sAgarantaM bharahavAsaM nraahivo| issariyaM kevalaM hiccA dayAe parinivvupro / / iti zrI uttarAdhyayana aDhAramA madhye gAthA 35 / tathA zrI vItarAge kuzIliyA dayArahita kahyA, te likhIi chai-- na taM ari kaMThachittA karei, jaM se kare appariNayA durappA / se pAhii maccumuhaM tu patte, pacchAraNutAvaraNa dayAvihUNo / / iti zrI uttarAdhyayana 20 madhye gAthA 48 / tathA AjJA dayAmai chai"tameva dhamma duvihaM prAikkhaMti taM jahA agAradhammaM ca araNagAradhammaM ca / iha khalu savvagro sammattAe muDe bhavittA AgArApro aNagArittaM pavvati tassa savvato pANAtivAyAto veramaNaM, musAvAya, adattadANa, mehuNa, pariggaha, rAibhopraNAte veramaNaM, ayamAuso araNagAra sAmAie dhamme paNragatte / eyassa sikkhAe uvaTThie giggaMthe vA, NiggaMthI vA viharamANe, prANAe ArAhae bhavati / agAradhamma duvAlasavihaM Aikkhai, taM jahA---paMcANuvvayAI, tiNNi guNavvayAI, cattAri sikkhaavyaaiN| paMca aNuvvayAI, taM jahA-thUlAo pAraNAivAyAo veramaNaM, zUlAyo musAvAyAgro veramaNaM, thulAyo adiNNA dANAmro veramaNaM, sadArasaMtoSe, icchAparimANe / tiNi guNavvayAiM taM jahA-agatthadaMDaveramaNaM, disivvayaM, uvabhogaparibhogaparimANaM / cattAri sikkhA-vayAiM taM jahA--sAmAigraM, desAvagAsinaM, posahovavAso, atihisaMvibhAgo, apacchimamaraNaMtiA saMlehaNA jUsaNArAhaNA / ayamAuso, agArasAmAie dhamme paNNatte, esassa dhammassa sikkhAe uvaDio samaNovAso vA samaNovAsiyA vA viharamAraNA prAraNAe pArAhae bhvNti|" ihAI paMca mahAvrata anai bAra vrata AjJA kahI, eha mAMhiM tau hiMsA kAMi nathI / iti zrI uvavAi uvAMga tathA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 671 tathimA taiyA bhAsA, jaM vdittaa'nnutpptii| jaM channa taM na vattavvaM, esA ANA NiaMThiA / / iti zrI sUagaDAMga adhyayana navamA madhye gAthA 26 / ima ghaNAi adhikAra chaiM, dayAI dhamma sUtre ghaNai ThAmi kahyA chaiM / tathA ketalAeka ima kahaI chaI, je dharma prAjJAiM khiii| amhArai AjJA gAr3hI pramANa / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo-je zrI vItarAganI AjJA te tau paMca mahAvrata anai bAra vrata tathA bAra bhikSupratimA / igyAra zrAvaka nI pratimA ityAdika bolanupAlavauM te zrI vItarAga nI AjJA / te tu ekAMta dayAmaI chai / paNi teha mAMhiM kAMI hiMsA nthii| tathA koi eka ima kahaisyai je sAdhunaiM AhAra nIhAra karatAM kAMi kAMi sAvadha lAgai chai / tehanA uttara prIchau / te tau azakya-parihAra, anAkuTi chai / anai te pariNa azakya parihAraiM anai anAkuTiiM je kAMI sAvadha lAgai, te sarva Aloi nidai / etAvatA zrI siddhAnta mAMhiM prAMta AlAvI, niMdavI chai / pariNa zrI siddhAMta mAMhi hisA kihAM anumodavI nthii| tathA zrI vItarAgaI praznavyAkaraNa mAMhiM zrI jIvadayAiM samyaktva nI ArAdhanA kahI tathA boghi kahI, tathA nirmalI dRSTi kahI, tathA pUjA khii| ehavA ghaNAM gharaNAM bola tathA ghaNA udAharaNa kahyA chii| te adhikAra likhIi chai"tattha par3hamaM ahiMsA jA sA sadevamaNAsurassa logassa bhavati / dIpo tANaM saraNaM gati paiTThA, nivvANaM nevvuiM samAhi saMtI, kittI kaMtI rai a viratI suaMgatittI, dayAvimuttI khaMtI sammattArAhaNA, mahatI bohI buddhA dhiti, samiddhI ridhI vidhI titI puTThI naMdI bhaddA, viruddhI, laddhI visuddha diTTI, kallANaM maMgalaM pAsAu vibhUti, khAsiddhAvAso, aNAsavo kevalINa ThANaM siva sami asIla, saMjamotti a sIladharo, saMpare a guttI, vavasAuassa toyajayo, AyataNajayaNamappamAo, AsAso visAso abhau savvassa ya viyamAdhAno cokhapavittAsutI, pUtrA, vimalapabhAsAya, nimmalaratti, evamAdIgi niyayaguNanimmiyAiM pajjavanAmANi hoti ahiMsAbhagavatIe / " e bhagavaMtaiM prarUpI / "sA bhagavatI ahiMsA / jA sA bhIyANaM pi vasaNA, pakkhoNaM piva . gayaNaM ti siyAraNaM piva salilaM, khuhiyANaM piva asaNaM, samuddamajje potavahaNaM cauppayANaM va prAsamapayaM duTTiyAraNaM va prosahibalaM, aTavImajje va satthagamaNaM, etto visiTTatarigA ahiMsA / jA sA puDhavijalaagaNimArupravaNapphati-bIja-hariya jalacara thalacara-tasathAvara-savvabhUkhemakArI / esA bhagavatI ahiMsA / " ehavI jIvadayA zrI vItarAgaiM sAra pradhAna kahI / ehavI jIvadayA zrI vItarAganA mArganaI viSai chai / paNi anere ThAmi nathI / jehanI mithyAmati chai, tehanaI kahaNa, chai, paNi rahaNa nathI / eha sataramu bola /
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________________ 672 ] 18. praDhAramu bola : havai DhAramu bola likhIi chai - tathA zrI ThAraNAMga mAMhi ima kahiuM - "caubvihe sacce paMnate, taM jahA - nAma sacce, davvasacce, ThavaNasacce, bhAvasacce / " ihAM talA eka ima kaihaM chaI -- jau vItarAge sthApanAsatya kahI / tau sthApanA ArAdhya nathI ? tehanA pratyuttara prIchau e cyAra satya kahyAM, te bhASA upari chaI, pariNa ArAdhya upari nathI / eha ThANAMga madhye dasamai ThAraNai dasa satya kahyAM chai, tau te kAMi dasai syuM ArAdhya chaI ? te tau bhASA upari chaI / te likhIe chai - " dasavihe sacce paMnatte, taM jahA - jaraNavayasacce, saMmayasacce, ThAvaraNAsacce, nAmasacce, rUvasacce, pahuccasacce, vivahArasacce, bhAvasacce, bhogasacce, uvammasacce / " tathA zrI pannavaraNA madhye dasavihe sacce bhASApada madhye kahyAM chai / tara jounai te madhye Thavasacce kahiuM, te bhASAsatya kahI, pariNa ArAdhya nahIM / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 ihAMi sacce zabda kahiu te etalA bharaNI, je jehanauM jehavu nAma hui tehanaiM tehavaiM nAmiiM bolAvatAM jUThU nahIM / jima ko eka nu nAma kulavarddhana huI, anai teha jayAM pachI kulakSaya thaMyuM hui, tehU pariNa tehanaiM kulavarddhana kahI bolAvatAM jUThUM nahIM / tathA ghI ghaDu hui, anai teha mAhi thI ghI ThAlavyu huI, anai teha ghar3AnaI ghI nu ghaDu kahIi / tau tehanaiM (ghI nu ghaDu ) kahatAM jUThUM nahIM / ityAdika bhASA upari chai / ihAM zrArAdhyavizeSa kAMi nathI / DAhA hui te vicArI jojyo / eha aDhAramu bola | 16. zrogaraNIsamu bola : - 1 havai ogaraNIsamu bola likhIi chai - tathA zrI anuyogadvAra madhye prAvazyakatA cyAri nikSepA kahyA cha / tihAM ketalA eka kahai chaI - ihAM Avazyaka karatAM thApanA karI mAMDavI kahI chai / te kaharaNa gAr3hA viruddha dIsai chaiM / te prIchau, ihAM tau AvazyakanA cyArI nikkhevA kahyA chaI, te ima kahyA cha / nAma Avazyaka te kahIiM je kAMI jIva zrathavA zrajIvanuM nAma Avazyaka dIdhuM hui / tathA sthApanAvazyaka te kahIi, je sAdhu athavA sAdhvI athavA zrAvaka athavA zrAvikA jima Avazyaka karai / tehavu AkAra ko eka karai, athavA asadbhAva kASThAdikanaiM kahai je e Avazyaka te sthApanA dravyAvazyaka kahIi / tathA dravyAvazyakanA gharaNAM ekaka bheda kahyA chaI / jANagasarIra, bhaviprasarIra ityAdi / tathA lokavihAraNA mAhi uThI mukha dhoi lUgaDAM pahirai, taMbola vAvaraI, ityAdika dravyAvazyaka kahI / tathA "samaraNaguraNamukkajogI, jAva prAvassayaM ciThThai" eha pariNa dravyAvazyaka kahIi / ityAdi gharaNAM bola kahyA chaI eha mAhiM ApaNai kAMi ArAdhya nathI / ApaNai tau lokottara bhAvAvazyaka ArAdhya chai / DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo / ihAM sUtra mAhiM Avazyaka karatAM sthApanA karavI kahI nathI / tathA ihAMi sUtra nA paNi cyAri nikkhevA kahyA chaI / tathA baMdha Adi dei gharaNAM bola nA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 673 nikkhevA kahyA chaiM / ekalA Avazyaka upari tau nikkhevA kahyA nthii| DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo / eha progaNIsamu bola / 20. vIsamu bola : havai vIsamu bola likhIiM chi| tathA ketalA eka ima kahaI chaI je'rAjAna vAMdavA gayA te syu? ghor3A hAthI lei gayA te syu? nagara phUTarA karAvyA te syu ? tathA mallinAthaI bhohaNaghara karAvyute syu ? tathA subuddhi mahataI pharasyA draha nupANI ANavyu te syu ? ityAdi ghaNAM bola kahaI chii| tehanA pratyuttara prIchau / zrI sUagaDAMga madhye aDhAramaiM adhyayanaiM kiriyAThANai zrI vItarAgaiM triNi pakSa kahyA / tihAM dharma pakSa te sarvai sarvavirati kahI / anai bIjau adharmapakSa te sarvai sarvaavirati kahI / anai bIjau mizrapakSa te kAMi virati kAMi avirati khii| ima triNa pakSa kahIi / zaravAlai be thoka kodhA / eka dharma bIjau adharma, zrAvakanI jetalI virati tetalI dharmamAhi ghAlI, anai jetalI avirati te adharma mAhiM ghaalii| havaiM jounaiM je nAhyA, ghor3A hAthI lei gayA ityAdi sarva te tehanI avirati chai, anai avirati tau zrI vItarAge adharma mAhiM khii| anai virati te dharma mAhiM kahI / ju sAdhunaiM virati chai tu sAdhu nAhai nahIM, ghor3aiM hAthIiM car3hai nahIM, tathA zrAvakanaI ju posaha mAhi virati chai, tau posaha lIdha i nAhai nahI, ghor3aiM hAthIiM car3hai nahI / DAha hui te vicArI jojyo| eha vIsamu bola / 21. ekavIsamu bola : havai ekavIsamu bola likhIi chai / tathA zrI bhagavatI madhye zataka pahilai, uddesaka navamai ehavu kahiuM--je zramaNa nirgrantha AghAkarmI AhAra bhogavaI teha kanhaI cha: kAyanI dayA na hui / tu jounaiM jeha kanhaI chaH kAyanI dayA nuhi te sUdhau dharma kima kahII ? DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo| . 'te AlAvau likhIi chai-"ahAkamme NaM bhujamANe samaNe niggaMthe ki baMdhai ? kiM pakarei ? ki ciNai ? kiM uvaciNai ? goyamA ! Aua-vajjAo satta kammapagaDIao siDhilabaMdhaNabaMdhAmo pakarei, jAva annupriytttti| se kepaTTeNaM jAva ahAkamme NaM bhuMjamANe apariyaTTai ? gopramA! ahAkamme NaM bhujamANe AyAe dhamma aikkamamANe puDhavikAe NAvakaMkhai, jAva tasakAya NAvakaMkhai, jesiM piya NaM jIvANaM sarIrehi AhAramAharei, te vi jIve nAvakaMkhai teNDeNaM gopramA evaM vuccai, aAhAkamme NaM bhuMjamANe pAuavajjApo satta kammapagar3Iyo jAva aragupariyaTTai / phAsuesaNijjaM bhaMte bhuMjamANe samaNe niggaMthe kiM baMdhai jAva No uvaciNAi ! gopramA ! phAsuesaNijjaM bhujamANe samaNe riNaggaMthe pAua-bajjAyo satta kammapagaDIyo ghaNiprabaMdhaNabaddhAo siDhilabaMdhaNabaddhAo pakarei / haMhA saMvur3eNaM navaraM prAuna ca NaM kammaM sina baMdhei sima no baMdhei sesaM taheva jAva
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________________ 674 . ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 4 vIyAveyati / se keraNa?NaM jAva vIivayai ? goamA ! phAsuesariNajjaM bhujamANe samaNe riNaggaMthe AyAe dhamma nAikkamai, AyAe dhamma aNaikkamamANe puDhavikAyaM avakaMkhati, jAva tasa kAyaM avakakhati, jesi piya NaM jIvANaM sarIrAi AhAreMti, te vi jIve avakaMkhati / se teNaTheNaM jAva vIyAvayai / " eha ekavIsamu bola / 22. bAvIsamu bola : havai bAvIsamu bola likhIi chai / tathA zrI jIvAbhigama madhye naMdIsaravaranai adhikAraiM tIrthaMkara nA kalyANakAdi kanaI kAragaI ghaNA eka devatA ekaThA milai, milyA huMtA krIr3A kriN| ima aSTAha nikA mahotsava krii| etalI devatAnI sthiti dIsai chi| tathA mAgadha varadAbha prabhAsa 102 tIrthodaka, tIrthanI mATI lyAvai chai / tathA gaMgA siMdhu Adi dei nadInai viSaya jai jalai lyAvaiM chai / tathA draha nu udaka lyAvai chai / e Adi dei nai devatAnI gAr3hI ghaNI sUtre sthiti dIsai chai / ketalI eka likhIi / jounaiM gaMgAnAM gaMgodaka, gaMgAnI mATI, draha nA udaka ANyA mATai, kAMiM gaMgA athavA daha athavA eha tIrtha mokSanai na khAtai na thayAM / ima devatAnI sthiti ghaNIi chi| DAhu hui te vicArI jojyo| eha bAvIsamu bol| 23. trevIsamu bola: havai vevIsamu bola likhIi chai / tathA pratimA nA thApaka kahai pUchIi chai je,-"pratimA kehI avasthA nI karI mAMDI chai ? zrI mahAvIra tau pahilaM 30 varasa gRhasthapaNai hatA, pachai varasa 42 cAritrIA htaa| te havai pUchIi chai"jiko zrI mahAvIra nI pratimA karI mAMDai chai, te kehI avasthA nI karI mAMDai ?" jau ima kahai je "amho gRhInI avasthA karI mAMDaUM chuu|" tau cAritrIyA nai vaMdanIka Talai, gRhInaiM tau cAritrIo vAMdai nahIM / anaije ima kahai je "amho cAritrIyA nI avasthA karI mAMDaUM chuuN|" tau jouna e pratimA mAhiM cAritrIyAnuM syu lakSaNa chai / cAritrIyAnaiM tau phUla pANI AbharaNa ekU na klpi| anai pratimA tau phUla pANI AbharaNa ityAdi ghaNAM vAnAM sahita dIsai chai / DAhA hUi te vicArI jojyo| . jehanaI baMdanA kIjai tehanaiM viNaolakhii kima vAMdIi ? mokSamArgaiMtu ArAdhya guNa chai / pariNa mokSamArgaiM AkAra ArAdhya nthii| jima cAritrIo guNavaMta hui, anai sahU zrAvakAdika te cAritrIA guNavaMtanaiM vAMdai / kadAcit karmayogii cAritra magna thayuM haMtauM, sItodaka sacittAdika sevai, anai liMga hui / tau hui, paNi tehanaI kAM DAhu hui te vAMdai nhiiN| etalA bhaNI je guNahINa thayu / tau jounaiM "jeha mAhi jJAna, darzana, cAritra nu eka guNa nahIM tehanaI kima
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 675 vAMdIi ?" siddhAnta mAMhi mokSamArgaiM vaMdanIka guNa chii| vivekI huI te vicArI jojyo / eha trevIsamuM bola / 24. cauvIsamo bola: havai cauvIsamu bola likhIi chi| tathA zrI vItarAgaiM siddhAnta mAhi pratimA ArAdhya na kahI, anai jiko pratimA ArAdhya kahai chai, teha kanhai ehavA ehavA bola pUchIi chai / te bola likhIi chai-"pratimA syAhanI karAvavI kahI chai ? candrakAMta nI ? sUryakAMtanI ? vaiDUryanI? pASANanI? sapta dhAtanI ? kASThanI ? lepanI ? cItArAnI ? siddhAnta mAhi kehavI kahI chai ?" eha cauvIsamu bola / 25. paMcavIsamu bola : havai paMcavIsamu bola likhIi chi| pratimAnI caurAsI AzAtA kihAM kahI chai, ju caurAsI AzAtanA hasii, tu pratimA ArAdhya hasii, anai jau AzAtanA caurAsI nahIM hui, tau pratimA ArAdhya nthii| sahI jaannjyo| tathA siddhAnta mAhiM guru AcArya upAdhyAya kahiyA chai, ThAmi ThAmi ju AcArya upAdhyAya kahiyA chaI, tau AzAtanA 33 kahI chai, anai siddhAnta mAhiM pratimA kehI ArAdhya nathI kahI, tu caurAsI AzAtanA nathI kahI, anai ju siddhAnta mAhi hui ta u dekhAr3au / eha paMcavIsamu bola / 26. chavIsamu bola : havai chavIsamu bola likhai chai / pratimAnI, prAsAdanI, daMDanI, dhvajanI pratiSThA kihAM kahI chai ? pratiSThA zrAvaka karai ke sAdhu karai ? aAMcalIA kahai chaiM-"zrAvaka karaiM", bIjA gaccha kahaI chaI-"mahAtmA karai" siddhAnta mAhiM kima kahiuM chai ? eha chavIsamu bola / 27. sattAvIsamu bola : havai sattAvIsamu bola likhai chai / digambara khamaNa kahaiM-"pratimA nagna kIjai, zvetAmbara kahaiM-'nagna na kIjai" siddhAnta mAhiM kima kahiuM chai ? te dekhADu, eha sattAvIsamu bola / 28. aThAvIsamu bola : havaiM aThAvIsamu bola likhIi chi| tIrthaMkara ji vArai mokSa puhatA tivArai aNasaNa (nAsaNa kIdhAM, pAlaThI vAlI paryakAsana, UbhA kAusamgi,
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________________ 676 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 nisijjA AsaNa, havaiM ekamAhiM pratimA keNaI prakAraI kIjai ? ) siddhAnta mAhiM kima kahiuM chai ? te dekhAr3au, eha aThAvIsamu bola / 26. progaNatrIsamu bola : __ havaiM ogaNatrIsamu bola likhIi chai / pratimA triNi kAlamAhi kehai kAli pUjIi ? siddhAnta mAhiM kima kahiuM chai ? eha proguNatrIsamu bol| . 30. trIsamu bola : havai trIsamu bola likhai chai / pratimA pUjatAM kihAM phUla caDhai, anai valI pratimAnaiM zuci karInaI vastra dhoyAM pahirInaiM, sonAnA nakha karInaI ApaNai hAthaI phUla cuTIi, kiM vA mAlI pAiM aNAvIi, anai AgamiA ima kahai chaiM"sacitta phUle pratimA na puujiii|" e trihuM prakAra mAhiM siddhAnta mAhiM kihu prakAra kahya chai ? eha trIsamu bola / 31. ekatrIsamu bola : - havai ekatrIsamu bola likhIi chai / pratimA cauvIsa mAhi kehI pratimA mUlanAyaka kIjai, kehI var3I kehI luDhI ? mUlanAyaka nI AbharaNa sUkaDi bhoga phUla ghaNAM caDhai anai bIjI pratimAnaiM thor3A car3hai, mUlanAyakanI pratimA ThAkarathai baiThI, bIjI pratimA pAkhatI baiThI, mUla nAyaka nI pratimA uMcai AsaNi baisArIi / tIrthaMkara sadhalA sarakhA tu evaDu antara kAMi karai ? eha ekatrIsamu bola / 32. batrIsamu bola : havai batrIsamu bola likhIi chai / tIrthakaranu zarIra UMca uM, jaghanyai sAta hAtha pramANa, utkRSTau pAMca sai (500) dhanuSa pramANa eha pramANa mAhiM pratimA kehai pramANaiM karAvIi ? kima kahiuM chai ? eha batrIsamu bola / 33. tetrIsamo bola : havai tetrIsamu bola likhIi chai / pratimA aNapratiSThI pUjatAM syuhui ? anai pratiSThayAM paThai pUjatAM syu huI ? pratiSThI pratimA mAhiM kIhA guNa AvyA jJAna nA, darzananA, cAritranA, tapanA ? pUjanIka tau guNa bolyA chii| pratimA pratiSThyAM pUThaI kehA guNa AvyA ? jehavI aNapratiSThI hatI tehavI dIsai chi| eha tetrIsamu bola / 34. cautrIsamu bola : havai cautrIsamu bola likhIi chai / pratimA Agali Dhoi chai-dhAna, phUla, vastra, sonA, rUpA, bali bAkulA pakavAna, teha mAlInai ApIi, ke nApIi ? teha
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________________ sAmAnya zra tadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 677 dravya syu kIjai ? vyAjaI dIjai ? ke vyavasAya kIjai ? kima karI vadhArIi ? siddhAnta mAhi kima kahiuM chai ? eha cautrIsamu bola / 35. pAMtrIsamu bola : havai pAMtrIsamu bola likhIi chai / aTTottarI sanAthanI vidhi, AratI maMgaleSu, pahirAmaNI nI vidhi, jeha laNa sacitta aganimAhiM homIi chai, teha saghalI vidhi kihAM siddhAntamAhiM kahI chai ? te kADhi dekhAr3au / siddhAnta mAhiM zrAvakanaI igyAramI pratimA aArAdhavI kahI chi| tihAM kAMiM pUjA karavI kahI nathI, anai hamaNAM pahilI pratimAhi trIkAla pUjA karAvaI chaiM, te kehA siddhAnta mAhiM kahI chai ? eha pAMtrIsamu bola / 36. chatrIsamu bola : havai chatrIsamu bola likhIi chi| zrI mahAvIraiM siddhAnta mAhi tIrtha boliyAM chii| caturvidhasaMgha tIrtha-mahAtmA, mahAsatI, zrAvaka, shraavikaa| anai vali paradarzaninAM tIrtha siddhAnta mAhiM kahiyAM chaI, mAgadha tIrtha 1, varadAma tIrtha 2, prabhAsa tIrtha 3, vItarAgi siddhAnta mAhiM paradarzaninA tIrtha bolyAM, anai settuja girinAra pAbU aSTApada jorAulau-eha tIrtha siddhAnta mAhiM kihAiM na boliyAM, tu ima jANivauM eha tIrtha na huii| eha chatrIsamu bola / 37. sAMtrIsamu bola : havai sAMtrIsamu bola likhIi chi| ThavaNahAri lAkar3AneM, sUryakAntinu akikhanu varAr3anu-ehanI pratiSThA karInai thApanAcArya karI thApai chai / prAcArya nA guNa chatrIsa, athavA valI jJAna darzana cAritra tapa / ehanu tu ekai guNa ThavaNahAri mAhiM dIsato nthii| ji vAraI na hatu pratiSThayau tivArai jehavu hatu anai pratiSThiu pariNa tehavu dIsai chai / ThavaraNa hAri mAhiM pahilaM anai pachai guNa dIsatA nthii| thApanAcArya thApInai teha Agali anuSThAna karai chai,. khamAsamaNa deinai vAMchai chai, anai valI teha ji ThavaNahArInaiM pUThi deinai baisai chaiM, tu te aAzAtanA nathI hatI, tehanaI pUThi deinaiM kima baisai ? eha tu viparIta uparAhu dIsai chai / eha sAMtrIsamu bola / 38. aThatrIsamu bola : havai aThatrIsam bola likhIi chai / zrI ariSTaneminai vArai pAMca pAMDava huA ima kahaiM chaiM / pAMDavai zattuMjA Upari uddhAra karAvyu, prAsAda pratimA karAvI, anai teraNai ji vAraiM-zrI thAvaccAputta araNagAra 1000 parivAra saMghAtiI, zuka araNagAra 1000 parivAra saMghAtiiM, selaga rAjarSi araNagAra 500 saMghAtiiM, anai
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________________ 678 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pAMca pAMDavanA kumara cAritra leinai setrujA Upari aNasaNa kIdhAM / bhAvapUjA na kIdhI pratimA Agali tau ima jANIi chai-teNaI vAraiM pratimA prAsAda nuhatA / anai valI ima kahaI chaI-"zrI AdinAtha setrujA Upari pUrva navANu vAra caDayA / " teha kIhA siddhAnta mAhi kahiA chaI, te dekhAr3au / eha aThatrIsamu bola / 36. proguNaccAlIsamu bola : havai aoguNaccAlIsamu bola likhIi chai / tathA ima kahaI chaI-"sejA Upari ghaNA sIdhA, teha bhaNI tIrtha kahIi / " anai ghaNA sIdhA bharaNI tIrtha kahIi tu aDhAi dvIpa pIstAlIsa lAkha yojaNamAhiM. teha ThAma nathI, jeha bAlAgra ThAma thakI anaMtA sIdhA nathI / "jattha ego siddho, tattha anaMtA siddhA / ima tu aDhAi dvIpa saghaluM tIrtha jANivU / serbujau tIrtha kihAM nathI kahiu / eha proguragaccAlIsamu bola / 40. cyAlIsamu bola : havai cyAlIsamu bola likhIi chi| zrI bhagavatI mAhiM zrI mahAvIranaiM zrI gautamaI pUchiuM chaiM- sanatkumAra indra trIjA devalokanu "saNaMkumAre NaM bhaMte devinde devarAyA kiM bhavasiddhIe, abhavasiddhIe, sammadiTThI, micchadiTTI, parittasaMsArI, aNaMtasaMsArI, sulahabohI, dulahabohI, pArAhae, virAhae, carime, acarime?" goyamA ! saNaMkumAre bhavasiddhi, sammadiTThI, parittasaMsArI, sulahabohI, ArAhae, carame / se kepaTThaNaM bhaMte evaM vuccai ? "goyamA saNaMkumAre bahUNaM samaNANaM, bahUNaM samaNIraNaM, bahUNaM sAvayANaM, bahUNaM sAviyANaM hiyakAmae suhakAmae patthakAmae ANukaMpie Nisseya sie hiyasuha aNukaMpie NissesakAmae, se teragaTTaNaM goyamA ! sammadiTTI, bhavasiddhi, parittasaMsArI, sulahabohI, ArAhae, carame / " zrI vItarAge ima na kahiuM je "pratimA pUjatAM jIva samakita lhi|" athavA keNaiM lAdhaM hui tau dekhaadd'| sAdhu caritrIyAnAM rUpa dekhI ghaNe jIve samakita lAdhAM, athavA pUrvabhavanAM samyakta va udaya aAvyAM parittasaMsAra kIghAM, athavA valI jIvanA anukaMpA thakI parittasaMsAra kIdhAM, te jaghanyaiM tau aMtarmuhUrttamAhiM sIjhai / te utkRSTau tau arddha pudgala (parAvarta) mAhiM siijhi| havai pratimA pUjatAM koNaI jIvaI samyakta va lAdhauM, athavA parittasaMsAra kIdhu huI, te siddhAntamAhiM dekhAr3au / eha cyAlIsamu bola / .. 41. ekatAlIsamu bola : havai ekatAlIsamu bola likhIi chi| zrI AcArAMga mUlasUtra mAhiM sAdhu cAritrIyAnaiM pAMca mahAvrata kahyA chiN| ekekA vrata nI pAMca bhAvanA bolI chaiM / jima AcArAMga mAMhi tima zrI praznavyAkaraNa mAhiM vratAvratanI pAMca bhAvanA bolI chaI / anai zrI AcArAMga niyukti anai vRttimAhiM kahiuM je "samakitanI bhAvanA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 676 bhAvIi teha bhAvanA likhIi chai-tIrthaMkaranI janmabhUmi cAritrabhUmi, jJAna upajavAnI bhUmi nirvANa mokSa gayAnI bhUmi, tathA valI devaloka, tathA meru parvata tathA naMdIsaravaradvIpAdau, tathA zAzvatI pratimA, tathA valI aSTApada zatruja girInAri, tathA ahichatAyAM zrI pArzvanAthanaI dharaNendranau mahimA, evaM tathA parvatayaM vayarasvAminAM pagalAM, zrI varddhamAnanI camarendraiM nizrA kIdhI teha ThAmaI tIrtha kahyAM, etalAM saghalA tIrthanI bhAvanA bhaavii|" niyukta mAhiM vRttimAhiM kahiu, anai zrI AcArAMgamAhiM nathI, tu zrI AcArAMganI niyukti vRttimAhiM kihAM thakI AvyAM ? ima kahaI chii| niyukti-vRttiI sUtranA artha kahyA chaiM / AcArAMgamAhiM eka kIhA AlAvAnau artha tehamAhiM etalA ThAma vaMdanIka kahiyAM, anai zrI vItarAgaiM gaNadharaiM tu na kahiyAM, je je pratimA prAsAdanA ThAma te mUlasUtramAhiM kihAM dIsatA nathI / vivekI hui te vicArI jojyo / eha ekatAlIsamu bola / 42. baitAlIsamu bola : havai baitAlIsamu bola likhIi chai / havar3AMnA zrAvakanaiM parigrahapramANa diI chaIM, tihAM ehavA nIma diiM chaiM-"pratimA vAMdyA pUjyA pAkhai jimaM tu nIma bhaMgaI ekAsa' karU / athavA valI pratimAnaiM varasa 1 pratiiM prAMgalUhaNAM 4 cyAri, sUkrADi sera 4 cyAri, sopArI sera 4 cyAri, dIvela sera 10 dasa, phUla lAkha 1, navaM dhAna, navaM phUla muMDai tu ghAluM, jo pratimA Agali Dhoyu hoi|" ehavA nIma zrAvakanaI diI chii| anai zrI ANaMda zrAvakataI parigrahapramANamAhiM pratimAnai viharai ehavA. nIma nahIM / teha syuM kAraNa? tu ima jANIi chai pratimA vItarAganaI mArgaiM nathI / ju zrI vItarAganaI mArgaiM pratimA hui tu ANaMda zrAvakanaiM ehavA nIma joii / eha baitAlIsamu bola / / 43. tretAlIsamu bola : havai tretAlIsamu bola likhIi chai / havaiM zrI bhagavatImAhi zrAvaka kahiyA chaI ghaNA, teha zrAvakanaI syA syA prAcAranuM karivauM kahiuM chai / teha pAlAvaro likhIi chai-"teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM tuMgiyA NAmaM raNayarI hotthA, vaNNo , tIse NaM tuMgiyAe nayarIe uttarapuracchime disibhAge puphphavaie NAmaM ceie hotthA, . vaNNo , tattha NaM tuMgiyAe raNayarIe bahave samaNevAsayA parivasaMti, aDDhA dittA, vitthiNNA, vipulabhavaNasayaNAsaNajANavAhaNAINa bahudhaNabahujAtarUvarayatA, AugapaugasaMpauttA, vicchaDiavipulabhattapANabahudAsIdAsa-gomahisagavelayappabhUtA, bahujaNassa aparibhUtA, abhigatajIvAjIvA, uvaladdhapuNNapAvA pAsavasaMvaranijjarakiriyAhikaraNabaMdhamokkhakusalA, asahejjadevAsuraNAgapuvaNNa jakkharakkhasakinarakiMpurisagarulagaMdhavamahoragAdiehiM devagaNehiM niggaMthAro pAvayaNAgro pragatikamaNijjA, riNaggaMthe pAvayaNe riNassaMkiyA, NikkaMkhiyA, Nivviti gicchA, laTThA,
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________________ 680 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 gahiaTThA, pucchitaTThA, abhigataTThA, viriNacchiaTThA, aTThimijapemANa rAgarattA, ayamAuso, niggaMthe pAvayaNe aDhe ayaM paramaThe sese apaThe, usiyaphalihA avagaMteuraparighappavesA, bahUhiM sIlavvayaguNaveramaNapaccakkhANaposahovavAsehi cAuddasaTThamudiTThapuNNimAsiNIsupaDipuNNaM posaha samma aNupAlemANA, samaNe NiggaMthe phAsuesaNijjeNaM, asaraNapANakhAimasAimeNaM vatthapaDiggahakaMbalapAdapuMchaNeNaM, pIr3haphalagasijjAsaMthAraeNaM, aosahabhesajjeNaM paDilAbhemANA, ahApariggahaM tavokammehi appANaM bhAvemANA viharaMti / " havai eha pAlAvAmAhiM zrAvakanaI samakita kahya, vrata kahyA, posaha letA kahyA, sAdhunaiM AhArAdika detA kahyA, tu ihAMi zrAvakanaI zrI vItarAgaI ima kAM na kahiuM jeha "prAsAda karAvyA, anai pratimA bharAvI, anai pratimA puujii|" tu ima jANajyo je vItarAgaI gaNadharanai vacanaiM tu prAsAda pratimA nthii| ju hutI tu eha zrAvakanA AlAvAmAhiM kahuta / eha tretAlIsamu bola / 44. cyumAlIsamu bola : havaiM cyumAlIsamu bola likhIi chai / havaI zrAvaka naI ehavI manasA karavI kahI chai, ThANAMga madhye, te AlAvu likhIi chai.---"tihiM ThANehi samaNovAsae mahAnijjare mahApajjavasANe bhavati / taM jahA-kayA NaM appaM vA bahuM vA pariggahaM pariccaissAmi ? kayA NaM ahaM muMDebhavittA prAgArAgro aNagArizra pavvaissAmi ? kayA raNaM ahaM apacchimamAraNaMtiyasalehaNA jhUsaNAjUsittabhattapANapaDiyAikkhite pAaovagae kAla aNavakaMkhamANe viharissAmi ? evaM samaNasA savayasA sakAyasA jAgaramANe samaMNovAsae mahAnijjare mahApajjavasANe bhavati / " zrAvakanaI zrI vItarAgaI ehavI manasA zrI ThANAMgamAhiM kahIM / paNi ima na kahiuM-"prAsAda pratimA settuMja girinAra yAtrA karavI"-ehavI manasA kihAM sUtramAhiM karavI na kahI / eha cyumAlIsamu bol| 45. pistAlIsamu bola : havai pistAlIsamu bola likhai chi| zrI AcArAMga nA bIjA adhyayanaiM bIjai uddesai zrI vItarAge ima kahiuM, je lokai etalai kAraNaiM prArambha karai, anai sAdhu cAritrIu tu etalai kAraNaiM prAraMbha karai nahIM, karAvai nahIM, anumodai nahIM, te adhikAra likhIi chai-"ettha satthe puNo puNo se prAyabale se nAyabale se mittabale se peccabale se devabale se rAyabale se corabale se atithibale se kiviNabale se samaNabale-icceiehiM tihiM virUvarUvakajjehiM daMDasamAyANaM sapehAe bhayA kajjati pAvamokkhotti mannamANe, aduvA prAsaMsAe / taM parinnAya mehAvI va sayaM eehiM kajjehiM daMDaM samAraMbhejjA, Neva annaM ca etehiM etehiM kajjehiM daMDaM samAraMbhAvejjA, eehiM kajjehiM daMDaM samAraMbhaMtevi Na ca aNNe samarajANejjA / esa magge AyariehiM pavedite, jahettha kusale No vA luppijjAsitti bemi / " e AlAvA mAhiM ima kahya je-"loka saMsAranaiM hetuI hiMsA karai chai, anai mokSanaiM hetuiM paNi hiMsA
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________________ sAmAnya zruttadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 681 karai chai, anai sAdhu cAritrIyo eNaiM hiMsA karai nahIM, karAvai nahIM, anumodai nhiiN|" tu jounaI pAvar3I hiMsA loka mokSanaI kAraNaiM kahaI chaI, te kehanI dekhAr3I karaiM chaiM ? sAdhu tu dekhADai nahIM / DAhA hui te vicArI jojyo, eha pistAlIsamu bol| 46. chaitAlIsamu bola : havai chaitAlIsamu bola likhIi chai / tathA zrI AcArAMga mAhiM adhyayana chaThAnai uddesai pAMcamai sAdhunai zrI vItarAge ima kahiuM je zrotAnaiM ehavu upadeza deje', te adhikAra likhIi chai-"pAINaM paDINaM dAhiNaM udIcInaM, Aikhe vibhAya dike vedavI se uTThiesu aNuTThiesu vA sasamANe supavadee saMtiM virati uvasamaM riNavvANaM soyaviyaM ajjaviyaM maddaviyaM lAviyaM aNaivattiyaM savvesiM pANINaM savvesiM bhUyANaM savvesi jIvANaM savvesi sattANaM aNuvIi bhikkhU dhammamAikkhejjA, aNuvIi bhikkhU dhammamAikkhamANe No attAe Na AsAdejjA no annAiM pANAI bhUyAiM jIvAI sattAI AsAdejjA / "e AlAvAnaiM melaiM sAdhu cAritrIo jihAM jAi tihAM ekAnta dayAmai upadeza dii / paNi hiMsAnu upadeza na dii / eha chaitAlIsamu bola / 47. sattAlIsamu bola : havai sattAlIsamu bola likhIi chai / tathA zrI siddhAnta mAhiM ThAmi ThAmi zrI jIvadayA gAr3hI sAra pradhAna kahI chai, te adhikAra likhIi chai : evaM tu samaNA ege, micchadiTThI praNAriyA / asaMkiyAi saMkaMti, saMkiyAi asNkirnno|| dhammapannavaNA jA sA taM tu saMkati mUr3hagA / AraMbhAINa saMkeMti, aviyattA akoviyA / / -zrI sUyagaDAMge, prathamAdhyayane dvitIyoddese / jevI rIte mRga pAza mAM par3e che tevI rIte keTalAka anArya mithyAdRSTI zramaNa prazaMkita je dharma nA anuSThAna, temAM zaMkA kare che ane hiMsAdika je zaMkA nA sthAno che temAM jarA paNa zaMkA karatA nthii| keTalAka mithyAdRSTi anArya zramaNo ajJAnavAdI zaMkAvAdI che tetro na zaMkA karavA yogya vastupro mAM zaMkA kare che ane zaMkA karavA yogya vAto (mA) azaMkita rahe cha / A mugdha vivekavikala tathA apaMDita dazavidha jatidharmanI prarUpaNA karavA mAM zaMkA kare che ane prArambha Adi pApa nA kAraNa mAM zaMkA karatA nthii| eyaM khu nArigaNo sAraM, jaM na hiMsai kiMcaraNaM / ahiMsA samayaM ceva, etAvaMtaM viyAriNayA / /
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________________ 682 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 zrI sUyagaDAMga madhye prathamAdhyayane caturthoddezake / pANAivAe vaTuMtA, musAvAe asaMjayA, adinnAdANe vaTuMtA, mehuNe ya pariggahe / evamege u pAsatthA, pannavaMti praNAriyA, itthIvasaM gayA bAlA, jiNasAsaNa paraMmuhA / / zrI sUyagaDAMge tRtIyAdhyayane caturthoddezake / etAriNa soccA garagANi dhIre, na hiMsae kiMcaraNa savvaloe / egaMtadiTTI apariggahe u, bujjhajja logassa vasaM na gacche / / zrI sUyagaDAMge nirayavibhattI bIuddesae / dANANa seTTha abhayappayANaM, . savvesu vA araNavajjaM vayaMti / tavesu vA uttama baMbhaceraM, loguttame samaNe nAyaputte // zrI sUyagaDAMge chakai adhyayane / pur3havI ya AU agaraNIya vAu, taNa rukkha bImA ya tasA ya paannaa| je aMDayA je a jarA upANA, saMseyayA je asayAbhihAraNA / / eyAiM kAyAI pavediyAI, emAsu jANe paDileha sAyaM / eeNa kAeNa ya prAyadaMDe, eesu AvippariyAmuvati / / jAtiM ca vuDDiM ca viNasayaMte, vIyAI assaMjaya pAyadaMDe / ahAuse loe aragajadhamme, bIyAya je hiMsati prAyasAte / / zrI sUyagaDAMga adhyayana 7 madhye / gavbhAi bhijjati buaA buvANA, NarA pare paMcasihA kumArA /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 683 juvAraNagA-majjhima-theragA ya, cayaMti te Aukhae palINA / / zrI sUyagaDAMga sAtamai adhyayanai / pur3havi pAu agaNi vAu, taNarukkhassa bIagA, aMDayA poyayA jarAu, rssNsetunbhinaa| eehiM chahiM kAehi, tavijja parijANiyA, maraNasA kAyavakkeNaM, gAraMbhI Na pariggahI / / tatthimA tattiA bhAsA jaM vadittArAtappati, jaM channaM taM na vattavvaM, esA ANA niyaMThiyA / / zrI sUyagaDAMge nUmai adhyyniN| puDhavI jIvA puDho sattA, AujIvA thaagnnii| vAujIvA puDho sattA, taNarukkhassa bIyagA / / ahAvarA tasA pANA, evaM chakkAya aahiyaa| ittAvae va jIvakAe, nAvare vijjai kAe / / savvAhiM aNujuttIhiM, maimaM pddilehiyaa| savve akkaMtadukkhAyaM, ato savve ahiMsayA / / uDDhaM ahe atirinaM ya, je kei tasathAvarA / savvattha vi tahiM kujjA, saMtinivvANamIhiyaM / / haNaMtaM nANUjANejjA, pAyagutte jiiNdie| ThANAi saMti saDDhINaM, gAmesu nagaresu vA / / tahA giraM samArambha, atthi puNNaMti No ve| ahavA natthi puNNaMti, evameyaM mahanbhayaM / dANaTThayAya je pANA, hammati tasathAvarA / tesiM sArakkhaNaTThAe tamhA atthitti no vae / jesi taM uvakappaMti, annapANaM thaavihN| tesi lAbhaMtarAyaMti tamhA Natthitti no vae / je adANaM pasaMsaMti, vahamicchaMti pANiNaM / je aNaM paDisehaMti, vitticchenaM karaMti te / / duhano vi te Na bhAsaMti, atthi vA natthi vA punno| AyaM rayassa hevvANaM, nivvANaM pAuNaMti te / / - zrI sUyagaDAMga igyAramA adhyayana madhye /
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________________ 684 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 te Neva kuvvaMti Na kAravaMti bhUtAhisaM kAe dugaMchamANo / sayA jaNA vippaNamaMtidhIrA, vinatti dhIrA ya havaMti ege / / Dahare ya pANe vaiDhe a pANe, te pAyau pAsaMti savvaloe / uvahetI logamiNaM mahaMtaM, buddhappamattesu parivvaejjA / / zrI sUyagaDAMga adhyayana bAramai / chaTauM ahe atiriaM disAsu, tasA ya je (thAvarA) a pANA / sadA jae tesu parivvaejjA, maNappagrosaM avikaMpamANe / / zrI sUyagaDAMga adhyayana caudamai / bhUehiM na virubhejjA, esa dhamme busImau / sAhU jagaparinnAya assiM jIvitabhAvaNA / / zrI sUyagaDAMga adhyayana panaramai / eha sattAlIsamu bola / 48. praDatAlIsamu bola: havai aDatAlIsamu bola likhIi / tathA prAraMbha anai parigraha niratA na jANaiM, etAvatA pADuaA jANai, tihAM lagai dharma na lahai-te likhIi chai-"do ThANAiM apariyANittA AyA No kevalipannattaM dhamma labhejja savaNayAe, taM jahA-prAraMbhe ceva pariggahe ceva / do ThANAiM pariyANittA pAyAgo kevalabodhi chunbhejAAraMbhe ceva pariggahe ceva / " iti zrI ThANAMge bIjai ThANai / eha ar3atAlIsamu bola / 46. proguNapaMcAsamu bola: havai aoguNapaMcAsamu bola likhIi chai / tathA ehaI alpa Aukhu bAMdhai, tathA dIrgha Aukhu bAMdhai-"tihiM ThANehiM jIvA appAuttAe kammaM pakareMti / taM jahApANe aivAittA, musaM vaittA, tahArUvaM samaNaM vA mAhaNaM vA aphAsueNaM aNesaNijjeNaM asaNapANakhAimasAimeNaM paDilAbhettI bhavaMti / iccehiM tihiM ThANehiM jIvA appAuattAe kammaM pakareMti / tihiM ThANehiM jIvA dIhAuyattAe kammaM pakareMti, taMNo / aivAittA bhavaMti, No musaM vaittA bhavaMti, tahArUvaM samaNaM vA mAhaNaM vA phAsueMsaNijjeNaM asaNapANakhAimasAimeNaM paDilAbhittA bhvti| tehiM ThANehiM jIvA dIhAuattAe kammaM pakareMti / tihiM ThANehiM jIvA asubhadIhAuattAe kammaM pakareMti, taM jahA-pANe aivAittA bhavati, musaM vaittA bhavati, tahArUvaM samaNaM vA mAhaNaM vA hIlittA nidittA, khisittA, garahittA, avamaNNittA, annayareNaM amaNunneNaM appIti kAraNeNaM asaNaM vA paDilAbhittA bhavati iccehiM tihiM ThANehiM jIvA asubhadIhAu
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokazAha L attAe kammaM pakareMti / tihi ThANehiM jIvA subhadIhAuyattAe kammaM pakareMti, jahA - No pANe aivAittA, No musaM vaittA bhavati, tahArUvaM samaNaM vA mAhaNaM vA dattA, namaMsittA, sakkArittA, sammANittA kallANaM maMgalaM devayaM ceinaM pajjuvAsettA mannaNaM pItikaraNaM asaNaM vA pANaM vA khAimasAimeNaM paDilAbhettA bhavati / iccehi. tihi ThANehiM jIvA subhadIhAuyattAe kammaM pakareMti / iti zrI ThANAMga zrIjai ThANai, eha proguNapaMcAsamu bola / 50. paMcAsamu bola : havai paMcAsamu bola likhIi chai / tathA jIva zAtAvedanI azAtAvedanI bAMdha, te upari likhIi chai - "atthi NaM bhaMte jIvANaM sAtAvedariNajjA kammA kajjati / haMtA atthi, kahaeNaM bhaMte jIvANaM sAtAvedaNijjA kammA kajjati / gomA ! pAraNANukaMpayAe, bhUtAraNukaMpayAe, jIvANukaMpayAe, sattAraNukaMpayAe, bahUNaM pANANaM jAva sattANaM adukkhaNayAe, asoyayaNayAe, ajuraraNayAe, atippaNayAe, piTTatAe, paritAvaNetAe, evaM khalu goyamA jIvANaM sAtAveya NijjANaM, kammA kajjati / evaM ratiyANaM vi, evaM jAva vemANiyANaM / pratthi NaM bhaMte jIvANaM asAtAveya NijjA kammA kajjaMti / haMtA pratthi / kahaeNaM bhaMte jIvA asAyAveyaNijjA kammA kajjati / goyamA ! paraduvakhaNayAe, parasoyaraNayAe, parabhUraNiyAe, paratipaNatA, parapiTTaNatAe, paraparitAvaNatAe, bahUNaM pANANaM jAva sattANaM dukkhaNayAe, bhoyaraNatAe, jAva paritAvaraNayAe / evaM khalu goyamA ! jIvANaM assAyAveyaNijjANaM kammA kajjati / evaM NeraiyANaM vi, evaM jAva vemANiyANaM / " iti zrI bhagavatI zataka sAtamai / eha paMcAsamu bola / 51. ekAvannamu bola : havai ekAvannamu bola likhIi chai / tathA jIvanAda tathA bhogopabhogAdi jIva veai pariNa ajIva na vee, te upari likhIi chai - "rUvI bhaMte kAmA, arUvI kAmA / goyamA ! rUvI kAmA No arUvI kAmA / sacittA NaM kAmA / goyamA ! sacittA vikAmA acitA vikAmA / jIvA bhaMte kAmA, ajIvA bhaMte kAmA ? goyamA ! jIvA vi kAmA, ajIvA vi kAmA / jIvANaM kAmA ! ajIvANaM kAmA, rojI kAmA / kativihANaM maMte kAmA pannattA ? goyamA ! duvihA kAmA paNNattA, taM jahA - saddA ya rUvA ya / rUvi bhaMte bhogA, arUvi bhogA ? goyamA ! rUvi bhogA No arUvi bhogA / saccittA bhaMte bhogA, zraccittA bhogA ? goyamA ! saccitA vi bhoMgA, zraccitA vi bhogA / jIvA bhaMte bhogA, ajIvA bhogA ? goyamA jIvA vi bhogA, ajIvA vi bhogA / jIvANaM bhaMte bhogA, ajIvANaM bhogA ? goyamA ! jIvANaM bhogA, jo ajIvAraNaM bhogA / kativihA NaM bhaMte bhogA paNNattA ? goyamA ! tivihA bhogA pattA, taM jahA-gaMdhA, rasA, phAsA / kativihA NaM bhaMte kAmabhogA 685
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________________ 686 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 paNNattA ? goyamA ! paMcavihA kAmabhogA pannattA, taM jahA-saddA, rUvA, rasA, gaMdhA, phaasaa|" iti zrI bhagavatI sAtamA zatakanau sAtamu uddesau / eha ekAvannamu bola / ' 52. bAvannam bola : havai bAvannamu bola likhIi chi| tathA kevalI jehavI bhASA bolai, te likhIi chai-"rAyagihe jAva evaM vadAsi, annautthiyANaM bhaMte evaM prAivakhaMti, jAva parUveMti, evaM khalu kevalI jakkhAeseNaM Atikkhati, evaM khalu kevalIjakkhAeseNaM Ati? samANe Ahacca do bhAsAo mAMsaMti taM0 mosaM vA saccAmosaM vaa| se kahameaM bhaMte ? evaM goyamA ! jaNaNaM te aNNautthiyA jAva je te evamAhaMsu micchaM te evamAhaMsu / ahaM puNa goyamA ! evamAikkhAmi-no khalu kevalI jakkhAeseNaM AdissaMti, no khalu kevalI jakkhAeseNaM Ati? samANe Ahacca do bhAsAo bhAsaMti / taM. mosaM vA, saccAmosaM vaa| kevalI NaM asAvajjAo AegevadhAiAo Ahacca do bhAsAo bhAsaMti, saccaM vA asaccAmosaM vaa|" iti zrI bhagavatI aDhAramA zatakana sAtamA uddesAnai viSai / eha bAnana, bola / (sArAMza-kevalI bhagavAn aisI niSpApa aura niravadya bhASA bolate haiM, jisase kisI bhI prANI kA upaghAta na ho| isa prakAra kI dazA meM niravadya upadeza dene vAle vItarAga deva pratimA, prAsAda, pUjA jaise pApakArI upadeza deM, isa prakAra kI kabhI kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sktii|) 53. trepanamu bola : havai trepanamu bola likhIi chai / tathA zrI vItarAgaI je tIrtha kahiuM, tathA je Alambana kahiyA tathA yAtrA kahI te likhIi chai-"titthaM bhaMti ! titthaM, titthaMkare titthaM / " goyamA ! arahA tAva niamA titthaMkare, titthaM puNa cAuvaNNo saMgho, taM jahA-samaNAo, samaNIo, sAvayAo saaviyaagro|" iti zrI bhagavatI vIsamA zataka mAM AThamA uddezAnai vissi|" dhammassa NaM jhANassa cattAri AlaMbaNA pannattA, taM jahA-vAyaNA, par3ipucchaNA, pariyaTTaNA, dhmmkhaa| iti zrI bhagavatI zataka 25, uddesu sAtamu te vissi| 1. (lokAzAha kA isa bola se abhiprAya yaha hai ki jIva bhogI hotA hai, na ki ajIva / yaha Agama vacana bhagavatI sUtra meM spaSTataH pratipAdita hai / isa prakAra kI dazA meM pratimA kyoM ki ajIva hai ataH usako uddiSTa kara jo bhoga dhare jAte haiM, vaha bhoga dharane kI prakriyA zAstraviruddha hai)|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] . lokAzAha [ 67 zrI mahAvIraiM somila brAhmaNanaiM je yAtrA kahI te likhIi chai-"kahaeNaM bhaMte ! jattA ? somilA ! jaM me tavaniyamasaMjamasajjhAyajUsaNAvassagasamAhIesu jogesu jayaNA, se taM jttaa|" iti zrI bhagavatIzataka 18 uddesu dasamu / zrI thAvaccAputta aNagAraiM je yAtrA kahI, te likhIi chai-"taeNaM se sue thAvaccAputtaM evaM vayAsI-ki bhaMte jattA ? suA ! jaNaNaM mama nANadaMsaNacarittatavasaMjamamAiehiM joehiM jayatrA se taM jttaa|" iti zrI jJAtAdharmakathAMge adhyayana pAMcamai / eha panamu bola / 54. caupanamu bola : havai caupanamu bola likhIi chi| tathA phUla mAhiM je jIva zrI vItarAge kahiyA te likhIi chai : pupphA jalayA ya thalayA, beMTabaddhA ya NAlabaddhA ya / . saMkhejjamasaMkhejjA, bodhavvaNaMtajIvA ya / / je kei nAliyAbaddhA, pupphA ssaMkhejjaviA bhaNiyA / nihuA aNaMta jIvA, je a vaNe tahApihA / / pupphaphalaM kAliMgaM, tuMbaM taMta selavAlukaM / ghosAlayaM paMDola, liDUyaM ceva terUsaM / biTa maMsaM kar3Ae, eyAiM havaMti egajIvassa / patteaM pattIisa, kesara saramakamijA // eha caupanamu bola / (sArAMza-Agama ke ina ullekhoM ke anusAra phUla meM jIva haiM ataH phaloM se niraMjana nirAkAra jinendra deva kI pUjA karane se pApa lagatA hai|) 55. paMcAvanam bola : havai paMcAvanamu bola likhIi chai / tathA ketalA eka ima kahaI chaI-dharma kartavya kIdhu ghaTai nahIM, te Upara likhIi chai-"taeNaM thAvaccAputte sudaMsaNaM eva vayAsI-tujjha eNaM sudaMsaNA! kiM mUlae dhamme paNNatte ?" amhANaM devANuppiA soamUla dhamme paNNatte, jAva saggaM gacchaMti / " tae NaM thAvaccAputte sudaMsaNaM taM evaM vayAsI- "sudaMsaNA ! se jahANAmae kei purise egaM maha ruhirakayaM vatthaM ruhireNa ceva dhovejjA, tae NaM sudaMsaNA! tassa ruhirakayassa vatthassa ruhireNa ceva pakkhAlijjamANassa atthi kAIsohI?" "No tiNa8 samahU~ / " "evameva sudaMsaNA! tujhaM pi pANAtivAeNaM jAva micchAdasaNasalleNaM natthi sohI / jahA tassa ruhirakayassa vatthassa ruhireNa ceva pakkhAlijjamANassa Natthi sohii|" iti zrIjJAtAdharmakathAMge paMcamAdhyayane /
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________________ 688 ] [ jaina dharma ko maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ___"tae NaM mallI vi cokkhaM parivAiyaM evaM vayAsI-"tubhae NaM cokkhi ! ki mUla dhamme paNNatte ?" tae NaM sA covikha parivAiyA malliM vi evaM vayAsI "amhANaM, devANuppie ! soamUladhamme pannatte / jayANaM amhaM kici asui bhavai, tae NaM udageNa maTTiyAe jAva avigdheNaM sigdhaM gcchaamo|" tae NaM mallI vi cokkhaM parivAyagaM evaM vayAsI-"cokkhe! se jahANAmae kei purise ruhirakaya vatthaM ruhireNa ceva dhovejjaa| atthi NaM cokkhI ! tassa ruhirakayassa batthassa ruhireNa dhovamAraNassa kAIsoI?" "No iNa? sama? / " evameva cokkhI ! tubhaeNaM pANAivAeNaM jAva micchAdasaNasalleNaM Natthi kAya sohi / " iti zrI jJAtAdharmakathAMge, adhyayana AThamai / eha paMcAvanamu bola / 56. chappanam bola: havai chappanamu bola likhIi chi| tathA zrI siddhAnta mAhiM ghaNe ThAmai yakSanAM deharAM dIsai chai / teha mAhi ketalAeka likhIi chai-"teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM caMpA NAma nagarI hotthaa| vaNNo , tIse caMpAe NagarIe bahiA uttarapuracchime disIbhAe puNNabhadde NAmaM ceie hotthA, cirAtIe, puvapurisa paNNatte, porANe, sahie, vittie NAe, sacchatte, sajjhae saghaMTe, sapar3AgAipar3AgamaMDite, salomahatthae, kayaveyaDDhae, lAulloiyamahite, gosIsasarasasta caMdaNadaddara- diraNapaMcagalitale uvaciavaMdaNakalase caMdaNaghaDasukayatoraNe, paDiduvAra desabhAge, AsattosattaviulavaTTavagdhAriamalladAmakalAve, paMcavihasarasasurabhimukkapupphapuMjovayArakalite, kAlAgarupavarakuMdurukkaghUvamaghamaghaMtagaMdhu AbhirAme, sugaMdhavaragaMdhagaMdhie, gaMdhavaTTibhUte, NaDanaTTagajallamallamaTTiavelaMbakapavagakahalAsakAikkhakalaMbamakhatUNaillatuMbavINiprabhupragamAgaruparigate , bahujaNaNassa-visaya kittIya, bahujaNassalaMAhassaAhuNijje, avaNijje, baMdaNijje, pUaNijje, sakkAraNijje, saMmANaNijje, kallANaM, maMgalaM, devayaM ceimaM viNaeNaM pajjuvAsaNijje, divve savezvovvovAe aNi hiravA Dihere AgasahassabhAgapaDicchie bahujaNo acchei / " iti zrI uvavAi upaaNge| "rAyagihe NAmaM Nagare hotthA, vaNNo , tassa NaM rAyagihassa Nagarassa bahiA uttarapuracchime disIbhAe guNasilae ceie hotthA / " iti zrI bhagavatI madhye / "tassa NaM ujjANassa bahumajjhadesabhAe surappie NAmaM jakkhAyayaNe hotthA, divve, vaNNo , tattha NaM bAravatIe nnyriie|" iti zrI jJAtAdharma kathAMge 5 adhyayane / "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM miyAgAme NAma Nayare hotthA, vaNNo , tassa miyAgAmassa miyAgAmaNagarassa bahiA uttarapuracchime disIbhAe caMdapAdave NAmaM ujjANe hotthA, savvo a vnnnno| tasma NaM suhammassa jakkhassa jakkhAyayaNe hotthA / cirAtIe jahA puNNabhadde / " iti zrI vipAka prathamAdhyayane /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 686 teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM vANiyaggAmaM nayare hotthA / tasya NaM vANiyagrAmanagarassa uttarapuracchime disIbhAe dUtipalAse NAmaM ujjANe hotthA / tassa NaM dUipalAse suhammassa jakkhassa jakkhAyayaNe hotthaa|" iti zrIvipAke dvitIyAdhyayane / teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM purimatAle NAmaM Nagare hotthA, jAva pacchima disI ettha NaM amhehiM daMsI ujjANe, tattha amhAhi daMsissa jakkhAyayaNe hotthA / / " iti zrI vipAke tRtIyAdhyayane / teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM sAhaMjaraNI NAmaM raNayare hotthaa| riddhisthimitaa| tIse NaM sAhaMjaNI bahiyA uttarapuracchime disIbhAe devaramaNe raNAmaM ujjANe hotthaa| tattha NaM AmAhatthassa jakkhassa jakkhAyayaNe hotthA / " iti zrI vipAke caturthAdhyayane / __ "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM kosaMbI NAma yarI hotthA, riddhisthimitA bAhi caMdottaraNA sitabhadde jakkhe / tattha NaM kosaMbINayarIe / " iti zrI vipAke pNcmaadhyyne| teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM maharA garI bhaMDIre ujjANe, sudarisaNe jakkhe / " iti zrI vipAke SaSThAdhyayane / "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM pADaliNAma gagare varaNasaMDa ujjANe, uMbara jakkhe / " iti zrIvipAke saptamAdhyayane / ___"teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM soriyapuraM gagaraM / soriyavaDasaMgaujjANaM soria jkkho|" iti zrI vipAke aSTamAdhyayane / "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM rohie NAma gare hotthA / riddhisthimitaa| puDhavIvaDIsae ujjANe, dhrnnjkkho|" iti zrIvipAke navamAdhyayane / "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM vaddhamANapuraM gagaraM hotthA, vijayavaddhamANe ujjANe, puNNabhaddo jkkho|" iti zrI vipAke dazamAdhyayane / "tassa NaM hatthIsAsagassa bahiA uttarapuracchime disIbhAe pupphakaraMDae NAmaM ujjANe hotthaa| tattha NaM karaMtavaNamIlapiyassa jakkhAyayaNe hotthA / " iti zrI vipAkamadhye, zrutaskandha 2, adhyayana 1 / "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM usabhaNagare thUbhakaraMDage ujjANe dharaNo jkkho|" iti zrI vipAke prathamAdhyayane / sogaMdhiyA NagarI, nIlAsoga ujjANe, sukosalo jkkho|" iti zrI vipAka madhye /
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________________ 660 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ___ "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM kaNagapuraM NagaraM, setAua ujjANe, vIrabhaddo jkkho|" iti zrI vipAka madhye / - "sughosaM NagaraM, devaramaNaM ujjANaM, vIraseNo jkkho|" iti zrI vipAka madhye "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM sAeyaM (sAketaM) Nagare hotthA, uttarakuru ujjANe pAsamina (pArzvamRga) jkkho|" iti zrI vipAka madhye / eha chappanamu bola / (sArAMza-AgamoM meM sthAna-sthAna para vibhinna nagaroM ke bhinna-bhinna yakSAyatanoM kA ullekha hai, jinameM zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra virAje / isake viparIta kisI bhI Agama meM kisI eka bhI jinamandira kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase yaha zAzvata satya ke samAna, sUrya candra ke samAna parama prAmANika evaM nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM AryadharA meM kahIM kisI bhI sthAna para tIrthaMkaroM ke mandiroM kA astitva taka nahIM thaa| yadi eka bhI jinamandira kA bha0 mahAvIra ke samaya meM astitva hotA to prabhu vIra usameM avazya virAjamAna hote aura Agama meM yakSAyatanoM ke samAna hI jinamandiroM kA bhI vistArapUrvaka spaSTataH sthAna-sthAna para ullekha hotaa|) 57. satAvanamu bola : havai sattAvanamu bola likhIi chai / tathA ketalA eka ima kahaI chaI je"amhAraiM vRtti, TIkA, cUriNa, niyukti bhASya sahU pramANa / " te DAhu huI te vicArI jojyo / je zrIsiddhAntanaiM milai, te pramANa / anai je siddhAnta viruddha hui te kima pramAraNa thAi ? vRtti TIkA mAMhi ehavA adhikAra chaiM, te likhIi chaI je-"sAdhu caritrIyo cakravati nAM kaTaka cUNi kri|" uttarAdhyayana nI vRtti cUrNi madhye / "tathA cAritrIo paMcaka mAMhi kAla karai tu DAbhanA pUtalAM karavAM kahyA chaiM, te likhIi chai-"dunni adivaDDhakhitte dambhamayA pUttalA yA kAyavvA / samakhittaMmi a ikko, avaDDha abhii na kaayvvo|" Avazyakaniyukti pariThAvaNiyA samiti mAMhiM tathA vRhatkalpa nI vRtti madhye pariNa pUttalAM karavAM kahyA / "tathA deharAmAhi thI kolIpAvaDAM nA ghara, mithA bhamarabhamarI nA ghara sAdhu cAritrIu ApaNA hAthai parihAra karai / na karai tu teha sAdhunaiM prAyazcitta aavii|" vRhatkalpa madhye / - "tathA cUNi vRtti madhye kusIla sevavA sAdhunaiM kahyA chiN| tathA sAdhunai SAsar3A (jate) pahiravAM tathA pAna khAvAM tathA phala kelA Adi deinai vRkSa thI cuMTI khAvAM bolyAM chai / tathA cAritrIyA naiM rAtri AhAra levU kahiuM chai, te likhIi chai-"iyAriMNa kappiyA bhaNatti, aNAbhoga dAragAhA-araNAbhogeNa vA rAibhattaM bhuMjejjA, gilANakAraNeNa vA, addhApar3isevaNeNa vA dullabhadavva vA ThatA (?) vA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokazAha [ 661 uttamaTThapaDivaNNo rAibhattaM bhuMjejjA / UsakAlaM vA gacchAragukaMpayAe vA rAibhattAgunnA, suttatthavisArae vA rAibhattAraNunnAe saMkhevattho / " idAnIM ekaikasya dvArasya vistareNa vyAkhyA kriyate / ...." nizIthacUriNa madhye | tathA anaMtakAyanuM DAMDau levau kahiu chai, te adhikAra likhoi chai" gilANo bAlo va uvahI vA, zraddhANe tubhaMti, sAvayabhae nivAraNaTThA gheppati uvahiM sarIrANaM vahaNaTThA, paDiNIyagasAraNamAdI riNavAraNaTTA puvviM cittaM, pacchA mIsaM se parittANaM, puSpaM puvvaM paritaM jAva pacchA anaMta / " tathA etalA bola pradaI dei ghaNAM vRtti riNa mAhiM sUtraviruddha dIsaI chaI, te vRtti cUriMga kima mAi ? DAhu huI te vicArI jo jyo, eha sattAvana bola | 58. aTThAvanamu bola : havai aTThAvanamu bola likhIi chai / tathA je anaMtA mokSa puhatA, vartamAna kAlai je mokSaM puhacaiM chaI anai anAgata kAlaI anaMtA mokSa pucasya zrI vItarAgaI iraNI pariiM mokSa kahI, te likhIi chai : -- vivi bhikkhavo, AesA vi bhavaMti suvattAe / yA guNAI AhutekA, sA tavassa praraNadhammayArigo || tiviheNa vi pAraNa mAhaNe, Ayahie aniyANa saMbur3e / evaM siddhA taso, saMpai je praraNAgayAvare // iti zrI gaDAMga, bIjA adhyayananI viSai trIjA uddezau, tehanI viSai / jIvadAI karI mokSa puhatA / eha aTThAvanamu bola / iti luMkAnA sahimA anai lukAnA kariyA aTThAvana bolo anai tehanu vicAra likhIu chai, zubhaM bhavatu samaraNasaMghAya, zrI I paramparA have paramparA lakhIe chIe / keTalAka ema kahe che ke vIra prabhue grA te paraMparA kahI che / zrI lokAzAha prazna kare che ke A paramparA kayAM zAstro mAM kahI che te batAvo / 1. ghari pratimA ghar3AvI maMDAvai chai te kehanI paramparA thai ? 2. nAnhA chokaranaI dIkSA dii chai, te kehanI paramparA thai ? 3. nAma ( dIkSA kAle ) pheravai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 4. kAna vadhArai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 5. khamAsamAsagu viharai chai te kehanI paramparA chai ?
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________________ 6ha2 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 6. gRhastha nI gharai baisi viharai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 7. dahAr3I dIhAr3I ( pratidina ) terAi ( usI eka ) ghari viharai te kehanI paramparA cha ? 8. aMdhola ( snAna ) kahai (koI) karai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 6. jyotiSanai marma prajuMjai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 10. kalavAraNI karI zrApai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 11. nagara mAhiM paisatA paI sAru sAhamuM karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai / 12. lADUA pratiSThai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 13. pothI pUjAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 14. saMghapUjA karavai, te kehanI paramparA ? 15. pratiSThA karai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 16. pajUsaNaI pothI prApai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 17. tathA yAtrA vecai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 18. tathA mAtra prApai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 16. tathA ghATar3I donuM toraNa (vanaspati ke toraNa) bAMdhai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 20. AdhAkarma posAli rahai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 21. siddhAnta prabhAvanA pASai na vAMcai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 22. mAMDavI karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 23. gautama par3agho karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 24. saMsAratAraraNa karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 25. caMdanabAlAnuM tapa karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 26. sonA rUpAnI nIsaraNI karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 27. lAkhApavi karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 28. UMjamaraNA DhovarAvara chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 26. pUja pUDhAi chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 30. prAsovRkSa bharAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 3.1. aTThottarI sanAtra karAvi chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 32. navA ghAna navA phala pratimA pragali Dhoi chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 33. zrAvaka-zrAvikAnai mAthai vAsa ghAlai chai, te kehanI paramparA ?
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] loMkAzAha [ 663 34. parigraha DhUMDhamAM bAMdhai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 35. zrAvaka pAIM mUMDakuM apAvI DUMgara caDhAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 36. mAlAropaNa karai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 37. padIka zrAvaka zrAvikAsuM bhelI jAI chaiM, te kehanI paramparA ? 38. nAMdi maMDAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 36. padIka cAMka bAMdhai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 40. pANimAhiM bhUkA mukai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 41. vAMdaraNA dirAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 42. aoghA pheravai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 43. devadravya rAkhai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 44. pagai lAgai nIcI pacher3I aoDhai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 45. sUrimaMtra leiI chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 46 dIhAr3I sUrimaMtra gaNai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 47. kalapar3A thaTai chaiM, te kehanI paramparA chai UjalA ? 48. pajUsaraNamAhiM bairakanhai tapa karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 46. ghaDUlA karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 50. prAMbila nI aolI siddhacakra nI kasavai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 51. mahAtmA kAla karA pachI te UThamaNuM karai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 52. pratimA jhUlaNaM karAvai chai, te kehanI paramparA chai ? 53. padIka Agali UMbaraNI mAMDai chai, te kehanI paramparA ? 54. pajUsaNa parvanai cauthanaI par3ikamai chaI, te kehanI paramparA ?' 1. (ka) zrI dalasukha bhAI mAlavariNayA kA "zrI loMkAzAhanI eka kRti" zIrSaka lekha, ___ "svAdhyAya" traimAsikaM. dIpotsavI, vi. saM. 2020 ke aMka meM prakAzita / . (kha) "dharma prANa zrI lokAzAhanA aTThAvana bola" vivecana zrI bhagavAna jI ratanazI vArIpA, bI. e. ela-ela. bI , nivRtta DisTrikTa eNDa sezansa jaja / prakAzaka --- bhagavAna jI ratanasI vArIpA, lAlabAga, jAmanagara /
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________________ 664 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "lUkAe pUchela 13 prazna ane tenA uttaro"" ||60|"pro'm namo arihaMtANaM" zrI vItarAga, zrI gaNadhara, zrI sAdhu cAritriyA saMsAra mAMhi sAra padArtha chai / ehaja vItarAgAdika gRhavAsi huI anai SaTkAya nai AraMbhi vartta tivAraiM vaMdanIya nahIM tau pratimA ajIva-acetana anaI tihAM SaTkAya nai AraMbha vartai chai, te vaMdanIya kima huI ? (prazna saM0 1) tathA tIrthakara, gaNadhara, sAdhu ehanI bhakti prAraMbhi na thAI tau ajIva nI bhakti kima thAI ? (prazna saM0 2) tathA guNa vaMdanIka ke AkAra vandanIka ? jai guNa vandanIka tau pratimAM mAMhiM kehavauM guNa chai, anai jai AkAra vaMdanIka tau Avar3A puruSa AkAravaMta chai, te vaMdanIka kima nahIM ? (prazna saM0 3) pratimAM mAMhi kehI avasthA chai, jai gahI nI tau sAdhu nai vaMdanIya nahIM, anai yati nI tau yatI nau cinha dIsatau nathI, jai yatI nI jANau tau phUla, pANI, dIvA ima kA karau ? (prazna saM0 4) tathA deva moTA ke guru moTA ? jai deva naI phUla car3hai tau guru naI syui na car3hAvau ? jai jAgau guru mahAvratI tau deva syauM aviratI chai ? (prazna saM0 5) tathA ketalA eka zrAvaka pAhiiM pratimA pujAvai chaiM pUjaNAra dharma jAraNI pUjai chai, yati syui na pUjai, dharma tau yatIiM puraNa karivau ? tau ketalA eka kahisyaiM-je yatI viratI chaI paNa jo vaunaiM (use) pApa karivAnau nIma chai paNi karka karavAnau nIma nathI, DIlai syui nahIM pUjai ? (prazna saM0 7) . tathA pratimA nA vAMdaNAra pratimA nai vAMdai tivAraiM vaMdanA kehanai karai chai ? jai ima kahai je ve pratimAnai vAMdauM chauM, tau vItarAga alagA rahyA, vaMdANA nahIM, anai ima kahai je e vaMdanA vItarAga naI tau pratimA alagI rhii| anai jai ima kahai ehaja vItarAga-jU jUpA nahIM (donoM judA arthAta pRthak nahIM) tau ajIva sannA thAi anaiM jIva eka samai bi (be) kiriyA tau na deyai / (prazna saM0 8) ___tathA ketalA eka nA deva-guru-dharma sAraMbhI, saparigrahI chai, anai ketalA eka nA deva-guru-dhamma nirArambhI, niHparigrahI chaiM vicArI jojyo jI / / (prazna saM0 6) tathA ketalA eka ima kahai chaiM jo avanau naiM (unheM athavA kisI ko) pUtalI dIkhai-rAga upajai, tau pratimA dIThai virAga syui na upajai ? tehanA uttara-ko eka anArya puruSa nai prahAra mUkai tau pApa lAgai tau tehanaiM vAMdyai dharma syui na lAgai ? tathA beTA vosirAvyA na huI tau tehanauM kIghau pApa bApa / 1. pAsacanda gaccha ke saMsthApaka zrI maddahIpurIya tapAgacchAdhirAja zrI pArzvacandra sUrIndreNa viracitA carcA |
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 665 nai lAgai paNi beTA nau kIdhau dharma syui na laagi| tathA ketalA eka ima kahai chAraNa nau syAhIsa (zyAha ahIza-kAlA sAMpa) kIghau hoi anaiM bhAMjiyai tau pApa, tau tehanaI vAMdyai tathA dUdha pAyai tathA vIsAmaraNa kIdhai dharma syui nahIM ? (prazna saM0 10) tathA ketalA eka ima kahai chaI amhArai pratimAM naiM pUjatAM hiMsA te ahiMsA / tau revatI nau pAka zrI vItarAgaI syui nIM lIghau, AdhArmika AhAra syui na lyai ? je phUla, pAraNI nI bhakti te bAhya vastu chai anai lADyA jalebI Adi deiM zrI vItarAga, gaNadhara, sAdhunai kAjaiM karai tau etau aMtaraMga bhakti chai, prAgali valI dharma nI vRddhi ghaNI thAi, vicArIjo jyo jI / (prazna saM0 11) tathA valI koI eka gachI nAM vAMNija nau nIma (niyama) nava bhaMgIiMlyai anai gachI nA variNaja nau lAbha bIjAnai dekhAr3ai tau tehanA nIma bhAjai, tau jo aunaiM jeNaiM paMca mahAvrata UcaryA hoi te sAvadha karaNI mAMhi lAbha dekhAr3ai tau tehanA vrata ThAmi kima rahaI ? vicarI jo jyo jii| (prazna saM0 12) tayA zrI arihaMta nI sthApanAM mAMhi zrI arihaMta nA guNa nathI, anai guru nI sthApanA mAMhi guru nA guNa nthii| ketalA eka ima kahaI chaiM-je guraNa tau sthApanA mAMhi nahIM pariNa ApaNau bhAva bheliyaui tau vaMdanIya thAi tau havai jo vaunaiM (use) guNa vinA deva nI guru nI sthApanA mAMhi aAparaNaiM bhAvi ghAlyai garaja sarai tau bApa nImAnI (bIya nImAnI-anya niyamoM kI) tathA rUpA, sonA, javAhara, gula, khAMDa, sAkara pramukha prApaNai bhAvi ghAlyai garaja syui na saraI ? aAgilI vastu mAMhi pitAdika (pItAdikae) nau guNa nathI anai ApaNai bhAvi bhelyai garaja syui nassarai ? DAhyA hoi tau vicArIjo jyo jI-tau deva nI, guru nI garaja kima sarai ? etAvatA guNa vinA garaja na sri| vaMdanIka jJAna, darzana, cAritra sahI jANo / (prazna saM0 13) ina 13 praznoM ke lekhana ke pazcAt inake uttara likhe gaye haiM aura anta meM prazasti ke rUpa meM jo ullekha hai, vaha nimna prakAra hai : _ "prazna 13 lUke pUchyA, tehanA uttara sUtra sAkhiiM zrI pAsacaMdi sUriiM dIdhA chaI, chaH zubhaM bhavatu, zrImaddahIpurIya (nAgorI) vRhattapAgacchAdhirAja zrI pArzvacaMdra sUrIndraNa viracitA carcA samAptA chaH / yaha prati kula 10 patroM kI hai, jisake 16 pRSThoM meM yaha likhI gaI hai, prathama mukha pRSTha para kevala itanA hI likhA hai : "lUkAe" pUchela 13 prazna na uttro|" lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI iNDiyolojikala insTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda ke pustaka bhaNDAra meM yaha prati pustaka saMkhyA 24466 para vidyamAna hai| usakI phoTosTeTa kApI--"prAcAryazrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, lAlabhavana, jayapura meM vidyamAna hai|
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________________ 666 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 anAgamika mAnyatAoM ke prati caturvidha saMgha kI prAsthAeM hila uThoM AgamoM ke AdhAra para loMkAzAha ne jo isa prakAra kI abhinava dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA thA vaha svalpakAla meM hI lokapriya ho gii| lokAzAha ke upadezoM ko sunane ke lie mumukSu bhavya jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke vizAla samUha udvelita sAgara kI bhAMti dizAoM-vidizAoM se umar3ane lge| dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa para ekAdazAMgI ke mUla pAThoM, uddharaNoM ke sAtha pUrNa prakAza DAlane vAle loMkAzAha ke upadezoM ko sunakara zrotAoM ke antarcakSu unmIlita ho utthe| unake mana, mastiSka evaM hRdayapaTala para zithilAcAragrasta dravya paramparAoM ke karNadhAroM dvArA apanIapanI kapolakalpanAoM dvArA pracalita-prasArita anAgamika ADambarapUrNa bhAMtibhAMti kI bhautika mAnyatAoM kA jo ghanA koharA chA diyA gayA thA, vaha loMkAzAha dvArA Agamika jJAna se udyotita koTi-koTi sUrya samaprabha AdhyAtmika Aloka ke prasRta hote hI karpUravat ur3ane lgaa| AgamoM ke avagAhanAnantara loMkAzAha dvArA pracArita evaM prasArita kiye gaye jainAgamoM ke nicor3a- niSkarSa ke rUpa meM jaina dharma aura zramaNAcAra ke vizuddha svarUpa para pUrNa prakAza DAlane vAle 13 praznoM, 58 boloM, 34 boloM tathA "kehanI paramparA" ke zIrSa vAle praznoM Adi sAhitya kA to jainadharmAvalambI jana-jana para aisA camatkArI prabhAva par3A ki na kevala zrAvakazrAvikA varga ne hI apitu harSakIti jaise AtmArthI zramaNoM taka ne vipula parigraha saMcita karane meM aharniza nirata dravya paramparAoM ke zithilAcArI karNadhAroM ke viruddha, unakI anAgamika mAnyatAoM ke viruddha khulA virodha karanA aura apanI una zithilAcArI paramparAoM kA parityAga kara mahAn dharmakrAnti ke sUtradhAra lokAzAha dvArA prakAza meM lAye gaye vizuddha Agamika muktipatha kA DaMke kI coTa kI bhAMti pracAra-prasAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| isa prakAra lokAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI AgamAnusAriNI abhinava dharmakrAnti kA aisA, camatkArakArI prabhAva par3A ki dravya paramparAoM ke zatAbdiyoM se sudRr3ha evaM sazakta bane gar3ha Dhahane lage, zramaNAcAra evaM dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa para zithilAcAragrasta dravya paramparAoM ke nAyakoM dvArA DAle gaye, AcchAdita kiye gaye anAgamika ADambarapUrNa AvaraNoM ke ambAra prabala-pracaNDa jhaMjhAvAta meM ur3atI huI Aka kI rUI ke samAna ora-chora-vihIna antarikSa meM ur3ane lage / bahIbaToM, prADambarapUrNa vidhi-vidhAnoM, anAgamika karmakANDoM, mantra-tantra-muhUrtakathana, bhaviSyakathana, auSadhopacAra ke mAdhyama se dravya paramparAnoM ko jo vipula artha kI Aya hotI thI, ve Aya ke srota avaruddha hone lge| zithilAcAra meM grasta dravyaparamparAoM ke nAmadhArI zramaNoM ke prati zanaiH zanaiH zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga kI zraddhA-AsthA ghaTane evaM anAsthA bar3hane lagI / abhinava dharmakrAnti ke sUtradhAra lokAzAha ke upadezoM, praznoM, prAgamika
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 697 boloM Adi sAhitya ke kAraNa hI apanI pUjA-pratiSThA evaM Aya para vajrAghAta huaA hai aura uttarottara hotA hI calA jA rahA hai, isa vicAra se dravya paramparAoM ke karNadhAra tilamilA uThe aura loMkAzAha ko ve apane prANApahArI zatru se bhI ati bhayaMkara zatru samajhakara loMkAzAha ke viruddha aneka prakAra ke SaDyantra racane lage / lokAzAha ke viruddha anargala pralApa, pracAra-prasAra karane meM zithilAcAriyoM ne kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rkhii| tatkAlIna dravya paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM evaM zramaNoM dvArA lokAzAha ke viruddha jo sAhitya nirmita kiyA gayA, usako yadi ekatra kiyA jAya to eka bar3A ambAra laga sakatA hai| lokAzAha kI AlocanArtha nirmita kiye gaye tatkAlIna dravya paramparAgoM ke agragaNya vidvAnoM ke sAhitya kI bhASA ke stara ko dekhakara-par3hakara to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha bhASA kisI jaina kI nahIM apitu kisI hInatama mleccha kI hI hogii| lokAzAha kI AlocanA meM prayukta kI gaI isa prakAra kI hIna stara kI bhASA ke agaNita zarmanAka udAharaNoM meM se eka udAharaNa yahAM "DhuMDhakarAsa" nAmaka kRti ke sArAMza ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : DhUMDhakarAsa (asat kalpanA) 7 dohoM kA sAra :--mleccha deza meM kisI kulagAMva meM nirdhana loga rahate the| saba daridra, unameM daridroM kA eka saradAra rahatA thaa| usakI vyabhicAriNI strI kI kuMkha (kukSi) meM koI apuNya utpanna huaa| mAM ne rAtri meM svapna dekhe, jo Age batAye jAte haiN| DhAla 1 kA sAra : prathama svapna-gadhA nayana meM lUMNa (namaka) DAle dekhaa| dUsare svapna meM billI, tIsare svapna meM kuttA, caturtha svapna meM jarakha para baiThI DAkaraNa (DAkinI), pAMcaveM svapna meM ballaramAlA, chaThe meM phUTA huA kuMDa, sAtaveM meM khayuro (khadyota) ur3atA-par3atA, AThaveM svapna meM laTakatI huI laMgoTa, nauveM svapna meM rAkha se bharA phUTA gAgara, dasaveM svapna meM alekha kAdava (kardama) vAlA nADa, gyArahaveM svapna meM lUMNa kA Agara, bArahaveM svapna meM nArakI kA mandira, terahaveM svapna meM kAMkarA agaNita aura caudahaveM svapna meM dhuMaAM ro goTa / ye caudaha svapna dekhakara dharaNI (pati) se bolii| pAThaka bulAye, thAvariyA (zanizcara kA pujArI) AyA aura bolA-"tumhAre beTA hogA para ghaTA (dhRSTa) aura saba ko aniSTakArI hogaa| kapaTI, krodhI hogA / sunakara ciMtita hue| pAThaka ko binA dAna. diye apamAna kara nikAla diyaa| dohale meM rAkha ke Dhigale........ / DhAla do se cAra taka kA sArAMza-saM0 1687 ke adhika mAsa kI amAvaza ko citrA nakSatra aura thAvara vAra meM janma huaa| par3e hue DhUMDhe meM janmane se DhUMDhA nAma diyA / bar3A huA, ghara-ghara bhIkha mAMgane ko jAve para koI kukkasa bhI nahIM detaa| taba
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________________ 698 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ciMtita ho mAtha muMDAne kI socI, nAI ke ghara jA mAthA muNddaayaa| kumhAra ke yahAM gayA aura jholI pAtra lekara vahAM se phirane lgaa| eka dina gAMva ke mandira meM gyaa| 5 rAta vahAM rahA / eka dina bAdhA-pIr3A se pIr3ita huA, vamana karane ko uThA, bAhara jAkara vamana kiyA, jarA sAtA huI / pIche Ate samaya thAMbe se mAthA ttkraayaa| isase DhUMDhe kA mana krodhita huaa| jinavara ke vaira se vaha nAstika ho gyaa| logoM ko upadeza detA ki deharA na mAno, deharA jAnA pApa hai, Adi / dharma calAne ko vaha guru ke pAsa gayA, page lagA aura khar3A rahA / guru ke pUchane para kumati bolA-'vIra ke paTTadhara zrI sudharmA ke ziSya jambU jaise hama jaga meM haiM, hamAre jaisA koI nahIM parantu dharma kA mUla hama nahIM jAnate / isa yuga meM tuma jJAnI ho, isa vAste dharma batAo, maiM isIliye AyA huuN|" guru bole-"jinapUjA, sadguru kI sevA aura jina-pAgama zuddha artha, yahI dharma kA mUla hai| yaha suna kara kumati ke mana jhAla-jhAla uTha gii| ullU raviteja ko na sahe, vaise hI kumati jinapratimA ko nahIM she| kumati bolA- "guru ! patthara-pUjana se kyA siddhi hogI ? patthara-dala ekendriya hai, usako pUje kauna mukti gayA ? suna kara guru ne zira dhunA / madhura vacana se bole-"ajANa ! pratimA kyoM nahIM mAnatA ? jinadarzana vinA saba kriyA vyartha hai / "guru ne samajhAyA para kumati ne vaira nahIM chor3A / ............' zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ne tIrthapravartana kAla meM apane pravacanoM meM aura unake pramukha ziSya gaNadharoM ne prabhu ke pravacanoM ke AdhAra para gumphita-dRbdha dvAdazAMgI prabhRti pavitra AgamoM meM dharma aura zramaNAcAra kA kisa prakAra kA svarUpa saMsAra ke prANimAtra ke kalyANa ke liye prakaTa-prarUpita athavA pradarzita kiyA, kevala eka isI tathya ko lokAzAha ne apane upadezoM evaM 58 boloM Adi sAhitya meM, mumukSutroM ke samakSa rkhaa| dravya paramparAoM ke karNadhAroM kI dRSTi meM isa prakAra kA tathya prakAzana lokAzAha kA akSamya ghora aparAdha thaa| lokAzAha dvArA kiye gaye isa prakAra ke tathya prakaTana se nihita svArthasvecchAcArI zithilAcAraparAyaNa anAgamika dravya paramparAoM ke karNadhAroM ke Aya ke srota avaruddha ho gaye aura dravya paramparAoM ke una karNadhAroM athavA anuyAyiyoM ne loMkAzAha ko apanA prANApahArI zatru samajha karake na kevala lokAzAha ke viruddha hI apitu unake mAtA-pitA ke viruddha bhI uparilikhita rUpa meM anargala pralApa kara viSavamana karanA prArambha kara diyA / lokAzAha kI AlocanA evaM nindA ke lakSya se samaya-samaya para nirmita apanI zatAdhika racanAoM meM zithilAcAronmukhI anAgamika dravya paramparAoM ke nAyakoM ne lokAzAha ke ekamAtra AgamaniSTha pavitra jIvana ko, unake AgamoM para AdhArita punIta upadezoM aura AgamoM meM pratipAdita tathyoM ko prakAza meM lAne vAlI unakI racanAmoM ko vivAdAspada banAne aura vikRta svarUpa pradAna karane ke aneka prayAsa kiye| isa prakAra ke kaluSita lakSya se nirmita una dravya paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM athavA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha racanAkAroM kI racanAoM meM se katipaya racanAoM meM "DhaMDhakarAsa" meM prayukta aziSTaasabhya gahaspida bhASA se bhI atyadhika nikRSTa anAryocita bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / sabase bar3e Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki una dravya paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA nirmita sAhitya meM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI se lekara solahavIM zatAbdI ke nauveM dazaka ke prArambhakAla taka sAdhu samudAya meM zithilAcAra ghara kiye rahA / yathA. ____ "55-paraNavaNNotti, zrIsumatisAdhusUripaTTa paMcapaMcAzattamaH zrI hemavimalasUri, yaH kriyAzithilasamudAye vartamAno'pi saadhvaacaaraantikraant............|' __na ca teSAM kriyAzithilasAdhusamudAyAvasthAne cAritraM na saMbhavatIti zaMkanIyaM, evaM satyapi gaNAdhipatezcAritrasaMbhavAt / ' 1 "56-tatpaTTe zrI pANaMdavimalasUriH .... / "tathA yo bhagavAn kriyAzithilabahuyatijanaparikarito'pi sNvegrNgbhaavitmaatH...........|"2 "prAnandavimalasUri ne zrI rAjavijayasUri ko kahA-tuma vidvAn ho isaliye hama tumhAre pAsa Aye haiM, lukAmati jinazAsana kA lopa kara rahe haiM, merA AyuSya to aba parimita hai, parantu tuma donoM yogya ho, vidvAn ho aura parigraha sambandhI moha chor3a kara bahIvaTa kI vahiyAM jala meM ghola dI haiM, savA mana sone kI mUrti andhakUpa meM DAla dI hai, savA pAva sera motiyoM kA cUrA karavA ke pheMka diyA hai, dUsarA bhI sabhI prakAra kA parigraha chor3a diyA hai|''3 isa prakAra usa samaya zithilAcAra ke gahana garta meM phaMsI paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM ne tatkAlIna sAdhusamudAya meM vyApta jisa zithilAcAra kA spaSTa zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai, usI zithilAcAra ke sambandha meM janamata ko jAgRta karane, zithilAcAra ko samApta kara vizaddha zramaNAcAra kI pUnaH pratiSThApanA karane aura dharma ke vizuddha Agamika svarUpa ko puna: prakAza meM lAne ke uddezya se loMkAzAha ne AgamoM ke AdhAra para upadeza denA, abhinava dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta karanA prArambha kiyA to dravya paramparAeM cauMkI / tapAgaccha ke hI eka vidvAn paTTAvalIkAra dvArA tapAgaccha ke 56veM paTTadhara zrI AnandavimalasUri ke samaya meM eka prakAra se sampUrNa zramaNa varga meM vyApta ghora zithilAcAra aura prAyaH sabhI paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM-zramaNoM dvArA bahI vaTa ke mAdhyama se, apane-apane zramaNopAsakoM ke ghara se prativarSa evaM putrajanma, vivAha 1. paTTAvalI samuccaya bhAga 1, muni darzanavijayajI, pR0 68 2. vahI ...........pR0 66 3. paTTAvalI parAgasaMgraha, pRSTha 182, 83 (paM0 zrI kalyANa vijayajI)
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________________ 700 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 Adi gRhastha jIvana ke pratyeka harSaprada prasaMga para nirdhArita dhanarAzi ugAhane athavA bheMTa svarUpa svIkAra karane Adi zramaNa jIvana ke liye akSamya aparAdha svarUpa dUSita hInAcAra kA spaSTa zabdoM meM vivaraNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai : ___ "56 tatpaTTa zrI pANaMdavimalasUri samvat 1570 varSe sUripadaM / prathama zathalAcArI-pATana madhye sarva gaccha zithilAcArIvIyAvaTTa AjIvikA kare, pATana madhye paMca gaccha prAcArya, te sameM zrAvake vinatI karI-gaccha tyAgo (vosarAvo), kriyA uddhAra kro| te samaye luMko zrAvaka araTavAr3A no te Ananda vimalasUri (ekapAtariyAgaccha kI paTTAvalI ke anusAra pUnamiyAMgaccha ke prAnandavimalasUri) pAse aThAvIsa sUtra bhnnyo| pache potAnI meleM dIkSA liidhii| sarva deze lukAgaccha prvrtaavyo| jinabimba jala, pRthvI maya bhaMDAryA, sarva DhuMDhaka thyo| tivAre pATaNa ne zrAvake, Ananda vimalasUriye kriyA uddhAra kIdho |........gurubhaaii ne vIyAvaTa nava (8) kula diidhaaN| bIjAM kula pUnamiyAM, kharatarA sarve jAMcyA, tehane dodhAM / bIjA sarva jala madhye gholyaaN| ............pache AgarA madhye zrAvaka, 3600 (chattIsa saiM) ghara luMkA kIdhA / igyAraseM deharA, jinapratimA bhuya (bhaMvArA) madhye bhaMDArI cha / halAbola DhuMDhaka thyo| pache zrI pUjya AgareM gyaa| chaTTha aTThama pAraNe / eka baDero zrAvaka luMke dIkSA lIdhI, hAnaRkhya, vAnaRkhya 300 ThANAM saMghAte rahe che / ............zrIpUjya chaTTa ne pAraNeM tehane ghareM, rAkha DosII voharAvI, chAsa madhye bhelI pAraNoM kIrcha / " sAmpradAyika vyAmoha evaM vidveSa ke vazIbhUta ho usa samaya ke sAdhu apane se bhinna sampradAya athavA gaccha ke sAdhuoM kI hatyA karavA dene jaise amAnavIya jaghanya duSkRtyoM ko karane meM bhI tatpara rahate the, isa prakAra kA ullekha karate hue tapAgaccha ke vidvAn paTTAvalIkAra ne isI paTTAvalI meM Age likhA hai : "pache zrIpUjya vihAra karatA desa pratibodhatAM trambAvatI nagarI padhAryA / tihAM kharataragacche zrIpUjya nI mahimA dekhI ragatiyo mUkyuM / dina prateM sAdhu maraNa pAmeM / ThANuM Der3ha sau maraNa pAmyAM / ........" kharataragaccha ke kisI karNadhAra dvArA 500 tapAgacchIya samdhuoM kI hatyA karavA diye jAne kA ullekha paMnyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja dvArA saMpAdita, I0 san 1940 meM prakAzita tapAgaccha paTTAvalI kI pRSTha saM 206 para bhI vidyamAna hai, jo isa prakAra hai : "divase-divase gaccha-mamatva vadhatu jatuM hatuM / kharatara temaja tapAgacchanA sAdhuo vacce kadAgraha vadhI paDyo hato ane yena kena prakAreNa eka bIjA anya 1. tapAgaccha kI hastalikhita paTTAvalI, jisakI phoToprati prAcAryazrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaMDAra meM hastalikhita patroM kI krama saM0 400 para vidyamAna hai /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 701 gacchIya sAdhuono parAbhava karavAmAM rata rhetaa| kahevAya che ke A mamatve evaM jora pakaDyuM ke tenA madamAM kAryAkArya- paNa bhAna na rahya / kharataragacchIya sAdhuaoe bhairavanI ArAdhanA karI tenA dvArA tapAgacchIya lagabhaga 500 sAdhuono saMhAra karAvyo / A nirdaya samAcAra sAMbhalatAMja ANaMdavimalasUrijI- mana khinna banyaM / "1 isa prakAra usa samaya zithilAcAra ke gahana garta meM phaMsI-dhaMsI paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM ne tatkAlIna sAdhu samudAya meM vyApta jisa ghora zithilAcAra kA spaSTa zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai, usI zithilAcAra ke unmUlana hetu janamata ko jAgRta karane, vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI punaH pratiSThApanA karane aura dharma ke vizuddha prAgamika svarUpa ko punaH ujAgara kara prakAza meM lAne ke saduddezya se loMkAzAha ne AgamoM ke AdhAra para upadeza denA, gahana-gambhIra prAgamika tathyoM se aotaprota 58 boloM, praznoM Adi satsAhitya ke mAdhyama se abhinava dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kara use saphala evaM dezavyApI banAne kA abhiyAna prArambha kiyA to dravya paramparAoM ke tana-mana meM unake prati vidveSAgni bhar3aka uThI aura una paramparAgoM ke karNadhAroM evaM vidvAnoM ne karttavyAkarttavya ke bhAna ko bhulA lokAzAha ke viruddha uparyullikhita rUpa meM viSavamana karanA prArambha kara diyaa| lokAzAha ke jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM aneka prakAra ke bhinna-bhinna manamAne kapolakalpita ullekha kara loMkAzAha ke jIvanavRtta ko vivAdAspada banAne ke prayAsa meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rkhii| unhoMne lokAzAha kI Agamika mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM bhI aneka prakAra kI bhrAntiyAM utpanna karane ke kaluSita uddezya se svecchAnusAra sAhityika kRtiyoM kI racanAeM kii| zithilAcAragrasta dravya paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA lokAzAha ke vyaktitva, jIvana aura kRtitva ke sambandha meM pracalita kI gaI vibhinna prakAra kI bhrAnta dhAraNAoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue yahAM yaha paramAvazyaka samajhA jA rahA hai ki lokAzAha ke jIvanavRtta para prakAza DAlane se pahale lokAzAha ke sambandha meM jo bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI mAnyatAeM jaina vAMgmaya meM adyAvadhi upalabdha huI haiM, unheM itihAsapremiyoM ke vicArArtha yathAvat rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAya / 1. usa samaya katipaya yati hI zithilAcArI nahIM hue the, apitu sArA samudAya hI zithila ho cukA thA / gacchapati aura unake nikaTavartI katipaya gItArtha avazya hI mUlaguNoM ko bacAye hue the. parantu adhikAMza yati varga kI sthiti yahAM taka bigar3a cukI thI ki kriyoddhAra ke binA vizuddha jaina zramaNa mArga kA astitva rahanA muzkila thaa| __- nibandha nicaya pRSTha 224 / zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja, jAlora kRta /
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________________ 702 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 lokAzAha kA janma va janma-sthAna prAdi _ jisa prakAra bauddha dharma pravartaka bhagavAn buddha ke janma, dIkSA evaM nirvANa kAla ke sambandha meM aneka prakAra kI vibhinna mAnyatAeM itihAsavidoM meM adyAvadhi vivAda kA viSaya bane hue haiM, ThIka usI prakAra mahAn dharmoddhAraka vIra lokAzAha ke janma, janma-sthAna, jAti, vyavasAya evaM unake dvArA dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiye jAne ke samaya ke sambandha meM bhI vibhinna prakAra kI mAnyatAeM jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI haiN| ataH lokAzAha ke jIvana kA paricaya dene se pUrva una * sabhI mAnyatAoM para vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka hai| isase itihAsapremiyoM ko kisI niSkarSa para pahuMcane meM sahAyatA milegI-isI uddezya se bhinna-bhinna kAla ke vibhinna vidvAnoM dvArA abhivyakta kI gaI mAnyatAoM kA yahAM ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai / lokAzAha ke janmakAla ke viSaya meM vibhinna mAnyatAeM . 1. munizrI bIkA ne likhA hai : vIra jinesara mukti gayA, sai aogaNIsa varsa jaba thayA / paraNayAlIsa adhika mA janaI, prAgavATa pahilaI sA janaI / / arthAt zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke anantara 1945 varSa vyatatI ho gaye taba vikrama samvat 1475 meM poravAla kula kI pahalI arthAt bar3I zAkhA meM ApakA janma huaa| loMkA yati bhAnucandra ne vikrama sambat 1578 kI apanI racanA 'dayAdharma caupAI' meM likhA hai : caudasaya vyAsI vaisAkhaI, vada caudasa nAma luMko raakhii| arthAt vikrama samvat 1482 kI vaisAkha kRSNA caudasa ke dina ApakA janma huA aura ApakA nAma luMkA athavA loMkA rakkhA gyaa| lokAgaccha yati kezavajI ne apane "cauvIsa kar3I ke silloke" meM likhA hai : punama gacchai guru sevana thI, zaiyada nA AziSa vacana thI, putra saguNa thayo lakhu harISa, zata cauda sata sittara varSi / arthAt pUrNimA gaccha ke guru kI sevA karane aura zaiyada ke AzIrvAda se vikrama samvat 1477 meM lokAzAha kA janma huaa|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 703 4. AcArya kSitIndra mohana sena ke kathanAnusAra lokAzAha kA janma vikrama samvat 1486 ke anantara huaa| tapAgacchIya yati zrI kAMti vijaya (sattAkAla vikrama samvat 1636) ke abhimatAnusAra 'lokAzAha na jIvana prabhu vIra paTTAvalI' ke pRSTha 161 meM likhA hai : "pA mahAtmA nuM janma arahaTavADA nA prosavAla gRhastha caudharI aTaka nA seTha hemAbhAI nI pativrata parAyaNA bhAryA gaMgAbAI nI kukSI no hato / samvat 1482 nA kArtika zuda pUnama ne divase (janma) thayo / " 6. digambara AcArya ratnanandI ne vikrama samvat 1625 kI apanI racanA 'bhadrabAhu caritra' meM lokAzAha kA janma vikrama ko solahavIM zatAbdI meM......."pATana ke dazA poravAla kula meM honA batAyA hai| (bhadrabAhu caritra, pRSTha 60) ___ muni lAvaNyasamayajI ne apanI 'siddhAnta caupAI' nAmaka racanA meM loMkAzAha ke janmakAla para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai : "saI ugaNIsa varasa thayA, paNayAlIsa prasiddha / tyAre pachI lUMko huI, asamaMjasa tigaI kiddha / / 3 / / arthAt vIra nirvANa samvat 1945 tadanusAra vikrama samvat 1475 meM loMkA zAha kA janma huA aura unhoMne bar3I asamaMjasapUrNa sthiti utpanna kara dii| lokAzAha kA janma-sthAna kula aura jAti 1. upayu llikhita krama-saMkhyA (1) ke anusAra munizrI bIkA ne lokAzAha ko bIsA prAgvATa kula kA batAyA hai / Apane lokAzAha ke janma-sthAna kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / 2. upayullikhita krama-saMkhyA (5) ke anusAra tapAgacchIya yati kAntivijayajI ne lokAzAha kA janma-sthAna arahaTavADA batAte hue inakA janma osavAla jAti meM honA batAyA hai| 3. uparyu llikhita krama-saMkhyA (6) ke anusAra digambara prAcArya ratnanandI ne lokAzAha kA janma dazA poravAla kula meM batAyA hai /
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________________ 704 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 eka pAtariyA (potiyA bandha) gaccha ke prAcArya rAyacanda ne vikrama samvat 1736 kI apanI racanA 'eka pAtariyA gaccha paTTAvalI' meM lokAzAha ko lakhamasI ke nAma se abhihita karate hue unakA janma-sthAna mAravAr3a ke kharaMTiyAvAsa nAmaka zahara meM honA aura unakI jAti mahatA, zAkha bIsA zrImAlI honA batAyA hai / isa sambandha meM isa paTTAvalI ke nimnalikhita padya vastutaH itihAsapremiyoM ke liye mananIya haiM : valatA lakhamasI ima boliyA, bIsA zrImAlI amArI sAkha / 5 / jiNadharamI gaccha khaDatarA, mahatA hamArI jAta / mArudeza e maiM rahaUM, zahara kharaMTiyA bAsa / 6 / arthAt lakhamasI (lauMkA mahatA) ne kahA ki merI zAkha bIsA zrImAlI, merI jAti mahatA aura merA gaccha kharatara hai / maiM jainadharma kA upAsaka huuN| mAravADa meM kharaMTiyA nAmaka zahara kA maiM rahane vAlA huuN| __ isa prakAra eka pAtariyA paTTAvalIkAra ne lakhamasI arthAt lokAzAha kI jAti, zAkha (kula) aura unake janma sthAna kA paricaya to unake mukha se karavAyA hai kintu inake mAtA pitA evaM janma samaya kA isa vRhadAkAra paTTAvalI meM kahIM para bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| nAgaurI lauMkAgacchIya paTTAvalI kAra ne lauMkAzAha ko jAlaura nagara kA nivAsI batAte hue isa paTTAvalI meM likhA hai : "ika posAliyA tiNAM siddhAnta rA pustaka bhUharA mAMhi paDyAM ne udehI lAgI, gala gayA jANI jAlaura ro. vAsI mahA pravINa sAha lUko lekhaka tiNa nebulAvIchAno rAkhI pustaka likharaNa ro dUho dIno / abe luMkaI sAha pustaka likhatAM thakAM sAdhu ko prAcAra dekhI ne aratha ro vicAra pAmI roma-roma viksyaa| mana meM vicAryo dhanya jina zAsana rA sAdhu, isa guNoM karI virAjamAna hue tike / uraNAM rA caraNAM rI raja tUM pApa jhaDe / iso vicArI aura (dUsarA) pAnA karI ne jatyAM saM chAne Aparai paNa siddhAnta likhai / ima karatAM sarva grantha likhI ne gurAMjI ne diyA, Apa re piNa likhii| kane rAkhyA / gurujI kane ghare jAvaraNA rI sIkha mAMgI tiraNa avasare rUpacandajI ne khabara pddii| tivAre rUpacandajI la~ke zAha ne kahyo mAMhane siddhAnta dekhAlo aura likha devo| tivAre luMkai sAha kahyo, aThe to likhyAM jatI laDe, sU ghare jAya ne hUM thAne sarava siddhAnta likha melasUM / tivAre
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________________ sAmAnya zrRMtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 705 rUpacandajI kahyo- vacana devo| tivArai lUkai sAha kahyo the piNa vacana devo / tivArai rUpacandajI kahyo mhai kAI vacana devAM ? tivArai luMkai sAha kahyo hUM jANUM chU thAMharai dhara meM isI to riddhi chai, A thAMha rI avasthA chaI, piNa thAMha rA dharama rA pariNAma dekhI jANUM chU ke theM kriyA uddhAra karasyo, su mAMha ro piNa nAma rAkho tohUM thAM ne siddhAnta likha deuu| ehavA luMkai zAha rA vacana suNI rUpacandajI kahyo-mhA roSacana chai mha kriyA uddhAra kIyo to nAgaurI gaccha mAM piNa thAMharo mAMha ro donUM ro nAma rAkhasAM / hivai lUMke zahara jAlaura thakI sarva Agama likhI rUpacandajI ne melyA / aura dezAM ne piraNa melyaa| hivai rUpacandajI siMcejI kane sUtra siddhAnta suNai bhaNai / ekadA same siMcejI rUpacandajI ne kahyo-theM kriyA uddhAra karo to baDo jagata meM nAma have, ghaNI dharma rI mahimA huve| thAM rI vANI suNI ne gharaNA jIva smjhe| caturvidha saMgha rI sthApanA huve| tivA re rUpacandajI kahyo strI ne samajhAvI, pitA mAtA rI AjJA lei dIkSA letuuN| vali rUpacandajI kahyo jiyAM lage hUM dIkSA rI anumati pAy nahIM tihAM lage zuddha zrAvaka ro AcAra paaltuuN| ima kahI ne ghare AvyA / hive rUpacandajI tatkAla rA karAyA sarasa bhojana karatA, pAna bIDA cAbatA, attara phulala lagAvatA, gulAbajala sUM snAna karatA, kesara ro tilaka karatA, te sarva tyAga dInA chai / ..........." isase pUrva isI paTTAvalI meM rUpacandajI ke gRhasthavAsa ke samaya kA eka ullekha hai jo isa prakAra hai "pachai reNUjI Apare vala paDatI jamI (bIkAnera meM) le ne samvat 1578 Asoja suda 10 zrI mahAvIrajI re dehare rI nIMva ro pAyo bhryo| tathA pache tAkIda sUM rUpacandajI, kamojI, nagojI, dehare ro kAma karAve ch|" lokAzAha se vacana athavA pratijJA ke AdAna-pradAna ke anantara rUpacandajI Adi kI dIkSA ke samvat kA ullekha karate hue nAgaurI loMkAgaccha paTTAvalIkAra ne likhA hai "ehave avasarai siddhAnta vacane karI doya hajAra varSa gayA bhasma graha piNa Utaryo, tiNa samA yoge vikrama samvat 1580 (vIra nirvANa samvat 2050) jyeSTha zuklA ekama paDavA re dina dIkSA ro zubha muhUrta pAyAM thakAM hIrAgarajI ro mahotsava gAMdhI zAha sahasakaraNajI, zrI karaNajI, sahasavIrajI zivadattajI mAMDyo cha / rUpacandajI paMcAyaiNajI ro mahotsava zAha reNujI
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________________ 706 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 mAMDyo chai / ................" pIrojI khAna pAtazAha aApa ro kizana mantrIsara ne utsAha (utsava) karaNa ne melyo / hive tInUM jaNAM tInapAlakhiyAM re viSe besI ne gaNA jai jai zavda hutAM......zrI siddhArtha rAjA nA putra parai dhaNAM dAna detA thakAM......"sayarasasAharI nI sarAya ne viSe tInUM jaNAM pAlakhyAM sUM nIce utaryA / utarI ne prathama pAlAvo mukha sU uccarI ne prAbharaNa samasta utAryA / utArI ne pUrva sAmAM tInUM baitthaa| besI ne sva hasta sU loca karI ne arihanta siddha sAhU ne namaskAra karI ne paMca mahAvrata rUpa sAmAyika cAritra Adaryo, AdarI ne ghaNA loga dhanya-dhanya zabda karatAM thakAM zrI candrAprabhujI re dehare meM prAya ne rahyA / hive sikadAra, seTha sAhUkAra sarva prAya ne zrI hIrAgarajI rUpacandajI ne prAcAryapada diino| lUke zAha ro vacana pAliyo ne 'nAgaurI lUMkA' khaannaa|" "rUpa RSi bhAsa'' meM bho hIrAgarajI ke vi0 saM0 1580 meM dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai yathA laMkA nAgaurI panarase asIIM jUdA thayA nAgora mjhaarii| hIro AcArya thayo teNi, caudasa pAkhI mAM nivArI / / pAvalI ke uparilikhita ullekha se to spaSTataH yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki vikrama saMvat 1578 se 1580 ke bIca rUpacandajI aura lokAzAha kA milana hA aura una donoM ke bIca isa zarta ke sAtha pratijJA huI ki rUpacandajI kriyoddhAra ke samaya apane gaccha kA nAma loMkAgaccha rakkheMge aura loMkAzAha rUpacandajI ko zIghra hI saba zAstroM kI pratiyAM likhakara de deNge| paTTAvalI meM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki loMkAzAha jAlaura ke nivAsI the aura unhoMne vikrama saMvat 1578 aura vikrama saMvat 1580 ke bIca kI avadhi meM athavA isase kucha hI varSa pUrva zAstra likhakara diye the| nAgaurI loMkAgaccha paTTAvalI ke isa prakAra ke ullekha vastutaH jaina vAMgmaya ke anya sabhI ullekhoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue kisI bhI dazA meM vizvasanIya nahIM gine jA sakate / lokAzAha jaise mahAn kriyoddhAraka, ekAntataH jinazAsana ke uddhAra kI utkaTa AkAMkSA vAle mahApuruSa apane nAma para kisI gaccha kI sthApanA karane kI bAta kheN| isakA kisI bhI vijJa ko vizvAsa nahIM ho sakatA / astu vIra loMkAzAha ko vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdi ke uttarArddha ke dvitIya zataka taka kA batAne vAlA ullekha bhI eka gaccha vizeSa kI paTTAvalI meM vidyamAna hai| isa bAta se itihAsapremiyoM, zodharuci vidvAnoM aura pAThakoM ko avagata karAne kI dRSTi se nAgaurI loMkAgaccha paTTAvalI ke uddharaNoM ko yahAM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| "rUpa RSi bhAsa" ke uparilikhita padya se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki vi0 saM0 1580 meM loMkAgaccha ke nAgora nivAsI upAsakoM athavA anuyAyiyoM ne
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________________ lokazAha [ sAmAnya zrutadharaM kAla khaNDa 2 ] loMkAgaccha se sambandha tor3akara 'nAgorI lUMkAgaccha' nAmaka eka pRthaka gaccha kI sthApanA kI / isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki nAgorI lUMkAgaccha paTTAvalI meM lUMkAgaccha utpatti aura lokAzAha sambandhI jitane bhI vivaraNa haiM ve kevala kalpanA yA kiMvadantI rUpa haiM / nAgaurI lUMkAgaccha paTTAvalI kA uparyukta ullekha jisameM lokAzAha ke jAlaura nivAsI hone aura vi0 saM0 1578 se 1580 ke bIca kI avadhi meM rUpacandajI se milane aura unake sAtha pratijJA ke AdAna-pradAna kA kathana anya gacchIya evaM pUrvavartI granthakAroM dvArA etadviSayaka likhe gaye vivaraNoM se bhI avizvasanIya athavA aprAmANika siddha hotA hai / tapAgacchIya upAdhyAya dharmasAgara dvArA vi0 saM0 1623 meM racita pravacana parIkSA nAmaka grantha meM spaSTa likhA hai ki lUMkA gacchIya jaMgamAla RSi ke pAsa rUpacandra surANA ne vi0 saM0 1580 meM svayaMmeva dIkSA grahaNa kI aura usI samaya se arthAt vi0 saM0 1580 se nAgapurIya (nAgaurI ) lUMkA gaccha nAma se lUMkAgaccha kI zAkhA pracalita huI / 1 na kevala loMkAgaccha kI paTTAvaliyAM aura samasta lokAgacchIya vAGmaya hI apitu lokAzAha tathA loMkAgaccha kA prati kaTu bhASA meM khaNDana karane vAle isake virodhI gacchoM ke vidvAn lekhakoM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM sthAna-sthAna para spaSTa rUpa se yahI ullekha kiyA hai ki lokAzAha ne vi0 saM0 1508 meM jinamUrti utthApaka mata kI prarUpaNA kI aura unakI usa prarUpaNA ke pariNAmasvarUpa astitva meM Aye lokAgaccha meM sarvaprathama vi0 saM0 1531 meM prathama veSadhara RSi bhANA zramaraNa dharma pravrajita hue, isa prakAra kI sthiti meM samaveta svaroM meM, samAna zabdoM meM prakaTa kI gaI mAnyatAoM ke jaina vAMDmaya meM upalabdha hote hue nAgaurI lokAgacchIyA paTTAvalI ke upari variMgata ullekha para koI bhI vijJa kaise vizvAsa kara sakatA hai ki lokAzAha ne vi0 saM0 1578 eva 1580 kI avadhi ke bIca sarvaprathama grAgamoM kA lekhana kArya kara nAgaurI loMkAgaccha ke saMsthApaka rUpacandrajI ko grAgamoM kI pratiyAM dIM aura vi0 saM0 1508 meM nahIM grapitu vi0 saM0 1580 meM loMkAgaccha sarvaprathama astitva meM AyA tathA kevala isIlie isakA nAgaurI loMkAgaccha nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA ki lokAzAha ne rUpacandajI ko AgamoM kI pratiyAM likhakara dI thIM / bar3audA yUnIvarsiTI meM upalabdha vividha gacchotpatti Adi kI nauMdha nAmaka patroM meM loMkAgaccha kI nAgaurI loMkAgaccha ke samAna hI eka dUsarI zAkhA ke udbhava kA ullekha karate hue likhA gayA hai 1. 707 -: pravacana parIkSA, bhAga 2 vizrAma saM0 8 patra saM0 26-30 /
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________________ 708 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 "pachI samvat 1608 varSe RSi sarvA no ziSya RSi sadAraMga judo thayo / teha thI uttarAdhI luMkA thayA / " isa ullekha se yahI siddha hotA hai ki vi0 saM0 1680 meM jyeSTha zuklA ekama ke dina hIrAgarajI, rUpacandajI aura paMcAyaNajI ne nAgaura meM zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara jisa prakAra nAgaurI lukAgaccha kI sthApanA kara loMkAgaccha kI dUsarI zAkhA pracalita kI, ThIka usI prakAra vi0 saM0 1608 meM sadAraMgajI ne uttarAdhi kAgaccha ke nAma se loMkAgaccha kI eka dUsarI zAkhA pracalita kI ho / jahAM taka lokAzAha kA nivAsa sthAna jAlaura hone kA prazna hai zrI vADIlAla motIlAla zAha ko upalabdha hue kucha pannoM ke atirikta loMkA gacchIya athavA loMkAgaccha ke pratipakSiyoM ke sAhitya meM athavA kisI bhI paTTAvalI meM kahIM bhI isa prakAra kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA ki loMkAzAha jAlaura ke nivAsI the / yaha sambhava ho sakatA hai ki loMkAzAha yuvAvasthA meM kabhI jAlaura gaye hoM aura vahAM bhI kucha samaya taka zrutalekhana ke rUpa meM unhoMne zrutasevA kA kArya kiyA ho aura usa svalpakAlIna jAlaura ke sambhAvita nivAsa ke kAraNa kisI lekhaka ne unheM jAlaura kA nivAsI likha diyA ho / kintu isa anumAna ke samarthana meM bhI kahIM koI Thosa pramANa adyAvadhi upalabdha nahIM huA hai / ataH dharma prANa loMkAzAha kA jAlaura nivAsa sthAna honA mAnya nahIM ho sakatA / 6. loMkAgacchIya yati bhAnucandrajI ne lokAzAha ke janma sthAna, unakI jAti aura mAtA pitA ke nAma kA ullekha karate hue dayAdharma caupAI nAma kI apanI vi0 saM0 1578 kI kRti meM likhA hai :-- soraTha deza lImaDI grAme i, dazA zrImAlI DUMgara nAma i / gharaNI cUDA hi citta udArI, DIkaro jAyo harakha pArI || 3 || arthAt soraTha deza ke lImaDI nAmaka grAma meM dazA zrImAlI jAtIya DUMgara nAmaka jaina dharmAnuyAyI kI patnI cUDA ne loMkAzAha ko janma diyA aura cAroM ora apAra harSa kI lahara daur3a gaI / 7. sthAnakavAsI sAdhu nAgendra candra jI ke pAsa upalabdha paTTAvalI meM zrI vADIlAla motIlAla zAha ko loMkAzAha ke nivAsa sthAna ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita padya prApta hue : eha avasara posAliyA, gaDha jAlaura majhAra / tADapatra jIraNa thayAM, kulaguru kare vicAra ||40||
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 709 laMko mehato tihAM vasai, akSara sundara tAsa / Agama likhavA sUpiyA, likhe zuddha suvilAsa / / 41 / / -aitihAsika nauMdha pR0 116 / 8. sthAnakavAsI sAdhu jeThamalajI ne apanI vi0 saM0 1865 kI 'samakita sAra' nAmaka kRti meM loMkAzAha ke nivAsasthAna ke sambandha meM likhA hai : ___ "samvat 153.1 meM zrI gujarAta deza ke ahamadAbAda nagara meM prosavAla . vaMza meM paidA hokara zAha loMkA rahate the / jo sarrApha kA dhandhA karate the| caupAI pandraha sau ikatIsa majhAra, janamata bho ikamatI saradAra / ahamadAbAda nagara majhAra, lokAzAha base suvicAra / dekhata jo jo RSi AcAra, unako gAthana kare ucAra / grantha artha ve unakA kare, lekhana udyama nita hI dharai / -samakita sAra pRSTha 6 / 6. digambara paramparA meM tAraNapantha ke saMsthApaka digambara mahAtmA tAraNa svAmI ne apanI kRti 'taraNa tAraNa zrAvakAcAra' meM loMkAzAha ke janma sthAna evaM samaya ke viSaya meM jo ullekha kiyA hai usakA bhASAntara isa prakAra hai : . "usa samaya ahamadAbAda meM zvetAmbara jainiyoM ke andara loMkAzAha hue, unhoMne bhI vikrama samvat 1508 meM apane naye pantha kI sthApanA kI jo mUrti ko nahIM pUjate haiN|" ...10. loMkAgacchIya yati kezavajI ne apanI kRti 'cauvIsa kar3I kA zilokA' meM loMkAzAha ke janma sthAna ke bAre meM likhA hai : "iNa kAlaI saurASTra dharA maMI nAgaveSa taTinI taTagAMvaI / haricandra zreSThi tihAM basaI mauMdhI bAI dharaNI zIla lasaI / / 10 / / arthAt saurASTra kI dharA meM nadI ke kinAre para nAgaveSa nAmaka grAma ke rahane vAle zreSThivara haricanda kI zIlasampannA patnI mauMdhI bAI kI kukSi se lokAzAha kA janma huaa| . . loMkAzAha dvArA zAstra likhe jAne kA samaya 1. bar3audA yUnIvarsiTI kI pustaka saMkhyA 17428 ke anta meM lokAzAha dvArA ___ zAstroM ke AdhAra para kI gaI prarUpaNA kA kAla nirdeza karate hue likhA gayA hai :
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________________ 710 ] 2. 3. 4. 5. [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 " samvat 2000 ( vIra nirvANa ) varSe lokezAha jinamatI satya prarUpaNA nA karaNahAra huyA / / " Master yUnIvarsiTI kI pustaka saMkhyA 2083 meM loMkAzAha dvArA zAstroM ke lekhana kAla para prakAza DAlate hue ullekha kiyA gayA hai : " samvat panara aThotara U jANisaM lukuM lehau mUli nisANI" arthAt vikrama samvat 1508 meM ahamadAbAda meM luMkA ne zAstra lekhana kA kArya kiyA / "atha luMkA rI utpatti kahe chai / samvat 1528 rA panare se aTThAvIsA varSe zrI anahallapure pATaNa madhye muhatA lakkA subuddhi e zrI sUtra siddhAnta lakhatA thakA sUtrArtha vicArI ne mana meM vicArate - sAdhu, zrAvaka bAravrata dhArI ne pratimA pUjavI na kahI, prAsAda no adhikAra nahIM / habe bIjA yati AcArya ne dharaNAika to pauzAla pratimAMdhArI thayA / zuddha dayAdharma rI prarUpaNA kara ne gaccha kADhyo / anya darzaniye kAmatI nAma kahI ne bolAvyA, tihAM thakI lukAgaccha rI thApaNA thaI / zubha belA e, zubha dine, zubha pakSe, zubha nakSatre, zubha yoge Avye thake luMkA gaccha rI thApanA thaI / prathama bhANA RSie zrI ahamadAbAda madhye samvat 1531 varSe jAta poravAla arahaTavAr3A nA vAsI svayameva dIkSA lIdhI (62) te RSi moTe vairAge saMsAra asArajANI eka lAkha rupayA mUkI ne dIkSA lodhI (62) upAdhyAya kamalasihajI ne apanI vikrama samvat 1544 kI grantha racanA meM likhA hai : munizrI nAgendra candrajI ne apanI paTTAvalI meM likhA hai : loko mahato tihAM vase akSara sundara tAsa / grAma likhavA sUpiyA, likhe zuddha suvilAsa / / . isa prakAra Apane vinA kAla nirdeza ke loMkAzAha dvArA zAsta lekhana ke kArya kA ullekha kiyA hai / vijayAnandasUri ne loMkAzAha dvArA prajIvikopArjana ke liye Agama lekhana karane kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai : " ahamadAbAda meM loMkA nAmaka likhArI yatiyoM ke upAsarA meM pustaka likha ke prAjIvikA calAtA thA, eka dina usake dila meM beImAnI AI aura eka pustaka ke sAta panna e bIca meM se likhanA chor3a diyA /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 711 jaba pustaka ke mAlika ne pustaka adhUrI dekhI to laMkA likhArI kA tiraskAra kara upAsare se nikAla diyA aura dUsare (zAstra) bhI usase likhavAnA banda kara diyaa|" eka ajJAta lekhaka kI hastalikhita paTTAvalI meM bhI zAstra ke panne udaI dvArA khAye jAne se yati dvArA loMkAzAha ko zAstra likhane ko dene kA nimnalikhita ullekha hai : "pustaka bhaNDAra mAMhi huMtA te pAnA udaI khaadaa| te pAnA jovA ne bAhira kADhyA hutA, tivAre lU~ko muhato zrAvaka kArakUna daphtarI huto, ekadA prastAve upAsare jatI pAse Avyo huto tivAre jatiyAM kahyo e jinadharma no kAma chai / tivAre kahya syUM kAma chai| tivAre tiNe kA jo siddhAnta nA pAnA udaI khAdA chai te amane navA likhI Apo to kilyANa no kAraNa chai / " / jaisalamera bhaNDAra se prApta huI paTTAvalI meM bhI loMkAzAha dvArA zAstroM ke likhe jAne kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha hai| jo isa prakAra hai : "samvat 1525 se muhato lUMko, ANanda suta, jAta, nA bIsA zrI mAlI, bhInamAla nA, kAlUpura madhye kArakuna ahamadAbAda madhye base chai| te nANAvATa no vyApAra kre| ekadA javana praayo| teNe mahamUdI eka nA dokar3A diidhaa| te. lUke sAhe dIdhA / teNe tehIja dokar3A nI cir3ImAra pAse thI cir3I becAtI lIdhI, haNavA mATe / ghare leI cAlyo / ehavo vyApAra anartha no mUla jANI, bAta pratyakSa dekhI vairAga pAmyo / saMvega bhAva mana ANI nANA nA vyApAra no sama karI potA nA ghara Ayo / pache upAsare Ave chai / tivAre pache ehave avasare te bhaMDArA mAMhilA pAnA huMtA / te udaI khAdA / te bhaNDArA thI pustaka bAre kaaddhyaa| te pAnA udahI khAdA dIThA / tivAre vicAryoM-pAnA likhiye to vaaru| ima vicAre / ehave luMko muhato upAsare aavyo| tivAre liMgadhArI bolyaa| eka jainamArga no kAma chai| tivAre luMko kahe syUM kAma chai ? tivAre liMgadhArI bolyA siddhAnta nA pAnA udahI khAdA chai / so amane navA likhI pApo to kalyANa no kAraNa chai / ghaNo lAbha thaasii| ima kahyAM muhato vacana pramANa kiigho| tivAre yati lUMkA muhatA ne eka dazavakAlika nI prata dInI / ............ te bhaNI sagalI pratAM bevar3I utArI / ekIka Apa rAkhI / ekIka teha ne diidhii|"
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________________ 712 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 lokAzAha dvArA upadeza diye jAne kA samvat 1. tapAgacchIya upAdhyAya dharmasAgara ne lokAzAha dvArA mUrti-pUjA virodhI pravacana diye jAne ke samaya kA ullekha karate hue apanI vikrama samvat 1626 kI 'pravacana parIkSA' nAmaka kRti meM likhA hai : zrI vikrama samvatsarAt aSTottarapaMcadazazataiH vikkamao aTTha ttarapannarasasaehi pAvauvaeso / luMpagavihagomUlaM tassavi tssevmupptii||2|| pra0 parIkSA bhAga 2 / / . tassa vi ego maMtI, nAmeNa lakhamasIti smmilio|| dovi upaesamittA, kaDuuvva pavvaTTiyA pAva / / 8 / / pra0 parIkSA / arthAt vikrama samvat 1508 meM luMpaka nAmaka lekhaka ne pApapUrNa upadeza denA prArambha kiyA aura usake isa prakAra ke upadeza se luMpaka mata kI utpatti huii| lakhamasI nAmaka usakA eka mitra usase prA milA aura donoM ne milakara kaDumA mata kI bhAMti pApapUrNa dharma kA pravartana kiyaa| 2. saMkSipta loMkAgaccha paTTAvalI (samvat 1827 jyeSTha kRSNA 13 budhavAra) meM likhA hai : "prathama samvat 1525 varSa madhye sAha lUko Ananda suta jAti nA bIsA zrImAlI bhInamAla nA vAsI ane kAlUpura nA zAha lakSmasI thI dayA dharma prakaTa huvo| (paTTAvalI lUMkA) 3. bar3audA yUnIvarsiTI kI lUkAgaccha paTTAvalI pustaka saMkhyA 2083 meM ullekha hai ki lokAzAha ne vikrama samvat 1528 meM zuddha dayAdharma kI prarUpaNA kara gaccha pracalita kiyA / yathA : "samvat 1528 varSe zrI aNahillapure pATaNa madhye muhatA lakkA subuddhie zrI sUtra siddhAnta lakhatA thakA........zuddha dayAdharma nI prarUpaNA karane gaccha kaaddhyo|" 4. bar3audA yUnIvarsiTI kI pustaka saMkhyA 17428 meM loMkAzAha kI prarUpaNA ke viSaya meM likhA hai : "saM0 2000 (mahAvIra nirvANa samvat) varSe lokezAha jinamatI satya prarUparagA nA karaNahAra huaa|"
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________________ lokAzAha sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 713 5. satIcanda nAmaka muni dvArA racita loMkAgaccha ke AcArya dAmodarajI kI stuti rUpaka dAmodara chanda meM lokAzAha dvArA vikrama samvat 1528 meM dayAdharma kI prarUpaNA karane kA athavA Agama-vAcana kA aura vikrama samvat 1531 meM loMkAgaccha ke prathama muni bhANajI ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| yathA : vIra jina bhasmagraha thira gati, doya hajAra varIsa / vikrama samvat veta suta panarase aThAvIsa / / 2 / / laMke pustaka vAMcI karI, jANyo zrI jinadharma / jIvadayA cita meM basI, TAlyo moha bhrama // 3 // lUMkA gaccha jaga meM prakaTa panarase ikatIsa / bhANe saMjama Adaryo, pahuMtI mana jagIsa // 4 // 6. AcArya zrI tejasiMhajI ne apanI racanA 'guru guNa mAlA bhAsa' meM loMkAzAha dvArA zAstroM ke lekhana, paThana, dayAdharma kA prarUpaNa evaM loMkAgaccha kI sthApanA ke samaya para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai : lUMke jina vacana nI labadha te pAI, poravAr3a siddha pATana meM lakA nAme luMkA kahAI, lake jina vacana nI labadha te pAI // 1 // saMvat panara aTThAvIse baDagaccha, sUtra siddhAnta likhaaii| likhI parati doya eka Apa rAkhI, eka diye guru ne le jAI // 2 // doya barasa sUtra aratha sarva samajhI, dharma vidha saMgha meM btaaii| lUMke mUla mithyAta uthApi, deva guru dharma smjhaaii||3|| vIra rAzigraha bhasma utaratAM, jima vIra kahyo tima thAi / ude ude pUjA jina zAsana nI, ti dayAdharma diipaaii| igatrIse bhAraNAjI e saMjama lei, laMkAgacche prAdi jati thaaii| lUMkAgaccha nI utpatti iNa vidhe kahe tejasiMgha samajhAi // 5 // iti gaccha sambandha bhAsa -munizrI hajArImala smRti grantha pR0 248 / 7. bar3odA yUnivarsiTI meM upalabdha 'vividha gacchotpatti Adi kI nauMdha' meM loMkAzAha kI jAti, janma sthAna, unake dvArA AgamoM kA lekhana, unake dvArA prarUpaNA evaM zuddha sAdhu mArga pravartita karane ke sambandha meM jo samvat sahita ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai :
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________________ 714 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "samvat 1522 varSe mUhato lUMko, jAta poravADa pATana nagara mAMhi hupro / gyAraha aMga bAraha upAMga evaM 31 Agama siddhAnta no jANa thayo / teNe zrAvaka vrata mAMhe thakAM pUjA no prArambha ajJAna mithyAta uthApI ne zuddha sAdhu mArga pravartAyo / lUkA nAma sAdha sthApanA huii|" isa ullekha se do paMkti Upara jo ullekha hai vaha isa prakAra hai : "samvat 1531 svayameva lUMkA jatI do huA, bhANA bhIdA dIkSA liidhii|" lokAzAha dvArA zuddha sAdhu mArga pravartana viSayaka ullekha 1. jaisalamera bhaNDAra se prApta paTTAvalI, jisakI jaitAraNa Adi vibhinna bhaNDAroM se bhI pratiyAM upalabdha hotI haiM, usameM lokAzAha dvArA zuddha sAdhu mArga pravartita kiye jAne ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita prakAra kA ullekha hai : "ane samvat 1531 se bhasmagraha nI thiti utarI / sAdhakAla pravarte cha / tivAre lukA muhatA nI vANI ghaNA loka sAMbhalavA lAgA cha / caupAI samvat pandraha ikatIso gayo / eka sumata mata tihAM thI thyo| ahamadAbAda nagara majhAra / lUMko zAha base suvicAra / / 1 / / je je pekhe RSa AcAra / te gAthA no kare uccAra / / grantha artha meM le te ghaNo / udyama mAMDe likhabA taNo / / 2 / / teha ve teha ne milyo likhamasI / tiNa bihUM bAta bicArI isI / (ki Aja ke ye sAdhu) sUttara bolyo je AcAra / te e pAse nahIM ligAra / / 3 / / bhaNe grantha ne rAkhe veza / thApe nita kUDo upadeza / loka pravAhe jANe nahIM / guru jANI bAMde chai sahI / / 4 / / sUtre to guru jo bhAkhiyA / sAMce je pAle rikha kriyaa| sAgha taNo to nAma nirgrantha / e to dAkhI tAsa grantha / / 5 // sAdhu bhASA chai niravadya / e to bole chai sAvadha / jyotiSa nimitta prakAse gharaNAM / vedaka kare pApa karama taNAM / / 6 / /
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________________ lokAzAha [ 715 havo jAri sAha lUMke / te dravyaliMgiyA nI saMgata mUkI pote siddhAnta vAMce / gharaNAM jIvAM prate samyaktva pamADatA huA / tiraNa kAle arahaTavADo sirohI no-teha nA zAha saMgha kADI ne yAtrA nikalyA chai / tihAM vATa meM mATo huvo| tevAre saMgha no paDAva thayo / siMghavI bAta suraNI ke lUMko mahato siddhAnta vAMce / te apUrva vAraNI chai / ima jAraNI gharaNAM lokAM saMghAte siMghavI sAMbhalavA Ayo / dayA dharma, sAdhu zrAvaka no dharma, sAMbhalI ne atyanta harSa pAyo / mArga ruciyo / gharaNA dina jAtAM jAraNI saMgha meM liMgadhArI hatA te bolyA - sAhajI saMgha Age calAvo / loka kharca khAte dukhI thayA chai / tivAre pache saMghavI bolyo vATa meM gajarI pramukha jIva gharaNA thayA chai / ajayaragAthAse, so sustAvo / jadI guru bolyA sAha jI ! svarga kAme hiMsA garaNIye nahIM / tivAre saMghavI vicAryo, jehavA hameM luMkA mahatA pAse suriyA tevA hIja veSadhArI praraNAcArI cha kAya jIvA nI anukampA dayA rahita dIse chai / tivAre yati pAchA gayA / pache te saMghavI ne siddhAMta sAMbhalatAM vairAga Upano / tivAre samvat pandraha ikatIse ( vi0 saM0 1531) varSe sirohI nA araTavADA nA vAsI sAha bhAraNa, jAti poravADa ahamadAbAda madhye svayameva dIkSA lIdhI / te pAse sirohI nA vAsI bhIdA prAdi paiMtAlIsa jaNAM dIkSA lIdhI / gharaNAM sAdhu milI dayA dharma parUpavA lAgA | tivAre gharaNA halukaramI jIvAM ne dayA dharma rucavA lAgo / gharaNAM ghaNI-ghaNI riddhI choDa ne mokSArthe dIkSA lIghI / gharaNAM zrAvaka thayA / ghaNo jina mArga no udyota kIdho / lokAM luMkA ehavo nAma dIdho / " sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] 2. upAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgara gariNa dvArA racita zrI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI sUtram sopajJa vRtti samalaMkRtam meM loMkAzAha dvArA pravartita kiye gaye zuddha sAdhu mArga ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita ullekha hai : " tadAnIM ca luMkAkhyAlekhakAt vikrama praSTAdhika paMcadazazata varSe ( 1508 ) jina pratimotthApana - paraM lUMkAmataM pravRttam / tanmate veSadharAstu vi0 saM0 trayatriMzadadhika paMcadazazata (1533) varSe jAtAH tatra prathamo veSadhArI bhAgAkhyo'bhUditi / / 16 / / - paTTAvalI samuccaya, pRSTha 67 / arthAt bAvanaveM paTTadhara zrI ratnazekharasUri ke prAcAryakAla ( vi0 saM0 1502 se 1517) meM luMkA nAmaka lekhaka se vi0 saM0 1508 meM jina pratimA kA utthApaka athavA lopaka lukAmata pracalita huA / isa luMkAmata meM veSadhArI vi0 saM0 1533 meM hue / luMkAmata meM pahalA veSadhArI bhAragA nAmaka huA / 3. ajJAtakartRka 'zrI guru paTTavalI' meM etadviSayaka nimnalikhita ullekha hai :
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________________ 716 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 "tadA luMpakAkhyalekhakAt vikramata: pandraha sau mATha (1508) varSe luMkAmataM pravRttam, tanmata - veSadharAstu 1533 varSe jAtAH / " arthAt luMpaka nAmaka lekhaka se vi0 saM0 1508 meM luMkAmata pracalita huA / usa mata ke veSadhArI vi0 saM0 1533 meM hue / 4. upAdhyAya zrI ravivarddhana gariNa dvArA racita 'paTTAvalI sAroddhAra' meM bhI etadviSayaka nimnalikhita ullekha hai : " tadAnIM luMkAkhyAto lekhakAt samvat 1508 varSe zrI jina pratimotthApanaparaM luMkA mataM pravRttam, tad veSagharastu samvat 1538 varSe jAtaH, tatprathamo veSa dhArI RSi bhAgAkhyo'bhUditi / ' 31 - paTTAvalI samuccaya pRSTha 157 / arthAt ratnazekharasUri ke prAcArya kAla meM unake svargastha hone se nava varSa pUrva vi0 saM0 1508 meM luMkA nAmaka lekhaka se jina pratimA kI utthApanA karane vAlA luMkAmata pracalita huA / usa mata meM vi0 saM0 1538 meM pahalA veSadhArI RSi bhArA huA / 5. dI hArTa grApha jainijma ke lekhaka ke abhimatAnusAra loMkAmata IsavI san 1452 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 1506 meM pracalita huA / 6. baDaudA yUnIvarsiTI meM upalabdha pustaka saMkhyA 23323 meM loMkA gaccha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita ullekha hai : " samvat 1508 luMpAka matotpattiH lakkau iti nAmnaH lekhakAt / samvat 1533 luMpAka mate prathama bhAriNayo nAma veSadhArI jAtaH / iti lukaa|" arthAt vi0 saM0 1508 meM lakkau nAmaka lekhaka se luMpAka mata kI utpatti huI / isa mata meM samvat 1533 meM pahalA veSadhArI bhAgiyo nAmaka huA / 7. Master yUnIvarsiTI meM upalabdha yati hemacandra kI 'paTTAvalI' meM vi. saM. 1428 meM loMkAgaccha kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai / isa sambandha meM pUrA vivaraNa"lokAzAha ke dIkSita hone athavA na hone viSayaka abhimata" nAmaka adholikhita zIrSaka ke nIce diyA jA rahA hai /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 717 lokAzAha ke dIkSita hone athavA na hone viSayaka abhimata (1) bar3audA yUnIvarsiTI meM upalabdha yati zrI hemacandra kI paTTAvalI meM lokAzAha ke svayaM vikrama samvat 1428 meM eka sau bAvana (152) puruSoM ke sAtha dIkSita hone, tIna mAha kI dIkSA paryAya ke anantara Ayu pUrNa kara devaloka meM deva rUpa se utpanna hone tathA apane 152 sAdhuoM ko, devaloka se Akara, sUri mantra dene kA ullekha hai, jo isa prakAra hai . "saMgha 152 (pandraha) zAha mAhA pATaNa mAM aavyaa| varSA rathe nIla phUla UgI / samvat 1428 mAM, pATaNa mAM derA dekha sthAna joI rihiyA / tae divasa nIrgame nahIM, tarA lako lahiyo siddhAnta battIsa lakhI bAcI aura parUpaNA kare chai / te pAse 152 saMghavI jene battIsa sUtra sAMbhalyA, tare saMghavI eka sau bAvana ne puchyu-ke he lakA ! lahiyA ! bhagavanta ne eka lAkha unasaTha hajAra zrAvaka thyaaN| te mAM moTA bArA vratadhArI dasa, te ekAvatArI, te nuM sUtra racu, te Ne keNe saMgha na kaaddho| deharU na karAvyU, pratimA na pUjI / te no (saMgha nikAlane, deharA karavAne aura pratimA pUjane kA) pATha upAsagadasAMga mAM kema na Avyo ? te pratimA to jhUThI, mATe amArA paisA saMgha kADA nA kharAba krdii| gADA nA peDA heThe aneka jIva maryA / mATe AjIvaka mata eha dhigastu saMsAra dravya chai| chokarA............ par3atA mUkI ne 152 sAdhu thayA / pustaka luMkA lahiyA kane thI laI / luke dIkSA liidhii| 153 ThANuM vihAra karI vana mAM jAI rIyA / ane pannavaraNA e mahApannavaNA e-mahApannavaNA mAM pATha mAM kahya chai je bhagavanta ne indre vinatI kIdhI anta samaya- "he prabhu bhasma graha bese ch| te jo be ghar3I Aukho baghAro to tamArI dRSTi ne joge do hajAra nI do ghar3I mAM utarI jAse / " prabhu kahe--"e artha na samartha, tIrthaMkara bala na phoDave / ta e rA (indra) ne pUchA prabhu ! pAcho jIva dayA mUla dharma kyA thI dIpase ? ta e re prabhu e kahya :-"je jIvA rUpA do jIva bhavissai / tyAM thI jIvadayA mUla dharma dIpase / " pache luMke tIna dina anazana karI cavyo (svargastha huaa)| madhya rAtre deva AkAze AvI 152 sAdhu ne sUrimantra diigho| te sAdhu e savAre kAgale utAryoM, kahya je (maiM) lako RSi devaloke gayo chU, o lokAgaccha satya chai| have tyAM thI lokAgaccha nI peDhI samvat 1428 thI lkhaannii|" (prAcArya) (1) rikha lakAjI (loMkA) pATana rA revAsI, jAta bIsA osavAla, gotra lakaDa (lUkaDa), dIkSA mAsa tIna nI sarvAyu varSa 57 /
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________________ 718 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 (2) RSa bhANojI / gAMva arahaTavADA nA / bIsA osavAla gotra loddhaa| samvat 1438 (1428) mAM dIkSA ahamadAbAda mAM / (3) rikha bhiidaajii| sirohI nA revaasii| bIsA osavAla / sAghariyA gotrI / jaNA 45 sAthe dIkSA lIdhI / pATaNa maaN| isa prakAra lokAzAha sahita ikkIsa pATa kI arthAt paTTadharoM kI sUcI isa paTTAvalI meM dI gaI hai / isakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : "jisa samaya lokAzAha battIsoM zAstroM kA lekhana kara cukane ke anantara pATaNa meM zAstroM kA upadeza kara rahe the usa samaya eka sau bAvana saMgha aaye| una saMghoM ke mAhA Adi 152 saMghavI the| varSA ho jAne ke kAraNa mArga meM sarvatra nIlaraNa phUlaNa jIva jantu Adi utpanna ho gaye the| isa kAraNa una 152 saMghaviyoM ne samvat 1428 meM pATaNa meM hI acchA sthAna dekhakara Dere ddaale| vinA kAma dina bitAnA bar3A kaThina ho gyaa| usa samaya una saMghaviyoM ne logoM ke mukha se sunA ki loMkAzAha ne battIsa Agama likhe haiM aura unakI prarUpaNA karate haiM / yaha sunakara ve saMghavI aura saMgha ke loga loMkAzAha ke pAsa AgamoM kI vAcanA sunane jAne lage battIsa sUtroM kI vAcanA suna lene ke pazcAt una 152 saMghaviyoM ne lokAzAha se pUchA- "he loMkA lekhaka ! bhagavAn mahAvIra ke eka lAkha unasaTha hajAra zrAvaka hue| unameM bAraha vratadhArI, dasa pramukha zrAvaka aura eka bhavAvatArI the| unakA sUtroM meM vistArapUrvaka varNana hai, para usa varNana ke anusAra una ekAbhavAvatArI zrAvakoM meM se kisI eka ne bhI na to kabhI koI eka bhI saMgha nikAlA, na kisI ne koI mandira hI banavAyA aura na kisI ne kisI pratimA kI pUjA hI kii| yadi unhoMne saMgha nikAlA hotA, jina mandira banavAye hote evaM pratimAoM kI pUjA kI hotI to usakA pATha upAsaka dazAMga meM avazyameva AtA / isa prakAra kA pATha upAsaka dazAMga meM nahIM hai / vastutaH isa kAraNa pratimAeM sahI nahIM haiN| hamane vyartha hI saMgha nikAla kara apanA paisA barbAda kiyA hai| gADoM ke pahiyoM ke nIce Akara na mAlUma kitane jIva mare haiN| dhikkAra hai isa prakAra kA saMgha Adi nikAlane kA upadeza karane vAle udarapoSakoM ko / isa prakAra apane udgAra abhivyakta kara una 152 saMghaviyoM ne saba prakAra ke sAMsArika bandhanoM ko tor3a kara zramaNatva aMgIkAra kara liyaa| loMkA ne bhI dIkSA le lI aura loMkA se una 152 sAdhuoM ne zAstra grahaNa kiye| tadanantara una 153 sAdhuaoM ne vihAra kara vana meM nivAsa prArambha kiyA aura ve dharma kA pracAra karane lge| mahApannavaNA meM isa prakAra kA pATha pAtA hai ki jisa samaya zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mokSa ke lie mahAprayANa
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 716 karane lage, usa samaya indra ne unake samakSa upasthita ho prArthanA kI he bhagavan ! Apake janma nakSatra para bhasma graha lagA huA hai| ataH isa samaya yadi Apa do ghar3I kA apanA aAyuSya aura bar3hA leM to Apake saMgha para jo do hajAra varSa taka bhasmagraha ke prabhAva se aniSTa prabhAva par3ane vAlA hai, vaha do ghaDI AyuSya bar3hAne se pUrI taraha Tala jaavegaa|" isa para prabhu mahAvIra ne indra se kahA- "he zakra ! yaha kadApi sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki tIrthaMkara kabhI apane bala ko nahIM phoDate arthAt apane ananta bala kA upayoga nahIM karate / " isa para indra ne prabhu se pUchA - "he prabho ! yaha jIvadayAmUlakadharma punaH kaba se abhyudita ho udyotita hogaa|" prabhu mahAvIra ne pharamAyA :- "jIvA aura rUpA (jIvA RSi aura rUpajI RSi) ye do bhavya hoNge| unase jIva dayAmUlaka dharma punaH udyotita hogaa|" tadanantara (tIna mAsa pazcAt) RSi loMkA ne anazana kiyA aura tIna dina ke anazana se ve svargastha hue| ve svarga meM devarUpa se utpanna hue| usI madhya rAtri meM deva rUpa se utpanna hue loMkA RSi ke jIva ne AkAza meM Akara una 152 sAdhunoM ko sUrimantra diyA aura unase kahA- maiM loMkA RSi kA jIva huuN| devaloka meM deva rUpa se utpanna ho gayA huuN| vastutaH yaha loMkAgaccha satya hai|" yaha kahakara deva tirohita ho gayA aura una 152 sAdhuoM ne prAtaHkAla hote hI sUrimantra ko patroM para likha liyaa| .. isa prakAra ke ullekha ke anantara lokAzAha ko loMkAgaccha kA prathama paTTaghara batAte hue unake pazcAt hue ikkIsa paTTadharoM ke dIkSAkAla, AcAryakAla Adi para prakAza DAlate hue unakA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai| isa paTTAvalI meM loMkAgaccha ke prathama prAcArya lokAzAha se lekara bAvIsaveM paTTadhara khUbacandajIsUri ((samvat 1624) se lekara (1982)) taka kA jo paricaya diyA gayA hai usameM sabase mahatvapUrNa vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki kyA loMkAgaccha ke pravartaka lokAzAha ne vikrama samvat 1428 meM hI loMkAgaccha kA pravartana kara 152 saMghaviyoM ke sAtha dIkSA lelI thii| jaba ki isake atirikta jaina vAGamaya meM jitane bhI ullekha haiM ve saba vikrama samvat 1508, vikrama samvat 1531 aura vikrama saMvat 1533 se loMkAgaccha ke prArambha hone kI bAta kahate haiN| yaha assI se lagabhaga eka sau varSa kA antara vastutaH vicAraNIya hai| paTTAvalI ke uparyullikhita ullekha meM vikrama samvat ke sthAna para kevala samvat kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase sahaja hI mana meM yaha AzaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki yaha vikrama kI apekSA koI anya samvat to nahIM hai / madhya yuga meM bhArata ke vibhinna prAntoM meM aura mukhyataH gurjara pradeza meM zaka saMvatsara bhI pracalita thA kintu isa paTTAvalI meM
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________________ 720 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ullikhita samvat 1428 zaka samvatsara bhI nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki zaka samvatsara vikrama saMvatsara se 135 varSa pazcAt pracalita huA / aura isa dRSTi se isa paTTAvalI meM ullikhita samvat 1428 ko zaka samvatsara mAna liyA jAya to lokAzAha ke astitva aura loMkAgaccha ke prAdurbhAva kA samaya vikrama samvat 1563 taka kA A pahuMcatA hai jo lokAzAha aura loMkAgaccha viSayaka Aja taka upalabdha hue ullekhoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue kisI bhI dazA meM kiMcitmAtra bhI saMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti ko dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai ki samvat ke ullekha meM kisI lipi kAra ke pramAda se 5 ke sthAna para cAra likhane kI truTi ho gaI hai / tathApi isa AzaMkA ke liye avakAza raha jAtA hai ki isa paTTAvalI meM ullikhita sambat zaka saMvatsara aura vikrama samvatsara se bhinna koI dUsarA samvatsara to nahIM hai| isa prazna ko hama saMvatsara kA nirNaya karane meM niSNAta zodhArthiyoM para chor3akara kevala itanA hI kahanA cAhate haiM ki isa paTTAvalI meM ullikhita jo samvat hai vaha vikrama samvat 1528 honA cAhiye / vastutaH lipikAra ne pAMca ke aMka ko cAra bhrAMti se likhane jaisI athavA anya koI truTi kara dI hai| bar3audA yUnIvarsiTI meM upalabdha yati hemacandrajI kI paTTAvalI meM loMkAzAha kI 152 saMghaviyoM ke sAtha dIkSita hone kI bAta kA samarthana zAstroddhAraka zrI amolaka RSijI mahArAja ne bhI apanI kRti 'zAstroddhAra mImAMsA' meM kiyA hai| jo isa prakAra hai : "usa samaya vahAM ahamadAbAda zahara meM rAjamAnya zrImAn dharmAtmA puNya prabhAvika prabhAvazAlI dRr3hadharmI dharma dhurandhara kAryadakSa aura arddha mAgadhI bhASA ke jJAtA tathA zIghratA se sundara va zuddha lipi likhane vAle lokAjI nAmaka zrAvaka rahate the| ve sAdhu darzana ke premI hone se prAtaH kAla meM yatiyoM ke darzanArtha usa upAzraya meM Aye, loMkAjI ko dekha yatiyoM ko bahuta khuzI huii| khuza hokara mAnapUrvaka vacanoM se ve kahane lage ki :"aho zAhajI ! Apake yogya eka mahA kArya hai| yadi Apa usa kArya ko kareMge to jaina dharma ko cira sthAyI banAne ke lAbha ke sadbhAgI bnoge| jaina samAja para ApakA bar3A bhArI upakAra hogaa| isameM Apako parizrama to jarUra hogA parantu Apa sivAya anya koI bhI isa kArya ko karane kI yogyatA rakhane vAlA nahIM hai / isaliye Apako hI cetAyA hai| ukta prakAra se yatiyoM ke vacana zravaNa karake lokAjI Azcaryacakita bane aura namratA pUrvaka kahane lage ki kahiye mahArAja ! mere lAyaka aisA kaunasA kAma hai| use maiM bhI yathAzakti karanA cAhatA huuN| taba una yatiyoM ne jIrNa paryAya prApta hue zAstra lokAjI ko batAye aura kahane lage ki inakI punarAvRtti likhakara jIrNoddhAra karane kI parama AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki isa paMcama Are meM jina praNIta dharma ko cira sthAyI rakhane kA yaha eka hI upAya hai /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzA / 721 isa samaya tIrthaMkara, kevalajJAnI, zruta-kevalI, pUrvadhara pramukha dharmAdhikAriyoM ko to sApha viccheda huA hai| aba to jo kucha jJAna dAna dAtA dharmAtmA ko paramAzrayadAtA, mahA upakAra kartA aura pUrNa vizvasanIya yaha jinezvara jaise jinezvara ke vacana hI rahe haiN| Age jainadharma ina zAstroM ke AdhAra se hI clegaa| isaliye yaha mahA upakArI kAma Apako jarUra karanA cAhiye / ukta prakAra kA Agraha pUrvaka muniyoM ke vacana loMkAjI zravaNa kara jIrNa zAstroM kA avalokana kara zAstroddhAra kArya apane va anya anekoM kI AtmA ke paropakAra kA kArya jAnakara usa kArya karane svAtma zakti kA bhAna kara mahAlAbha vAle kArya ko apane hAtha se karane ke lie utsAhI bane / aura kahane lage ki ina saba zAstroM meM se prathama koI choTA zAstra dIjiye / usakI punarAvRtti karake Apako dikhalA duuN| Apako jisase yaha mAlUma hove ki yaha kArya yathAyogya huaA hai to Age anya zAstra likhanA prArambha kruugaa| isa prakAra lokAjI ke vacana sunakara una yativarya ne bahuta prasannatApUrvaka choTA sUtra dazavaikAlika nikAlakara loMkAjI ko diyA / loMkAjI use apane ghara le gaye / use dattacitta se Adyanta paThana kara bar3e hI prAnandAzcarya meM garakAva bne| jinendra pada kA apUrva padArtha unako mAlUma huA / vartamAna sAdhuoM ke AcAra aura zAstra kathita prAcAra meM mahadAkAzI antara dikhA / parantu apanI jJAnAntarAya ke kSayArtha mauna rahe aura apane ko sadA jJAna lAbha milatA rahe, isa buddhi se usakI do prati likhane lge| pUrNa prati likhane ke bAda do pratiyAM yatiyoM ko le jAkara btaaii| yatijI ke pUchane para kahA ki eka Apake liye likhI, aura eka mere liye likhI hai / yaha sunakara ve sarala svabhAvI aura jJAnapremI yatijI khuza hokara bole acchA Apa bhI par3hanA aura hamAre ziSyoM ko bhI pddh'aanaa| yoM kaha aura bhI zAstra nikAla kara loMkAjI ko de diye / isa prakAra yatiyoM kI AjJA se pratyeka zAstra kI do-do pratiyAM likhane lge| eka-eka unheM dete gaye aura eka-eka apane pAsa rkhii| isa prakAra loMkAjI ke pAsa jaina zAstra kA bhaNDAra ho gyaa| loMkAjI zAstroM kA jIrNoddhAra kara rahe haiM aisA jAnakara bahuta anya bhavya jJAnArthI loMkAjI ke pAsa Ane lage / zAstrArtha pUchane lge| loMkAjI bhI unako jina praNIta aura gaNadhara racita zAstroM kA zravaNa karAkara santoSita karane lge| isa prakAra jinapraNIta, gaNadhara racita zAstroM kI apUrva vANI zravaNa karane se bhavya janoM kA citta AkarSita hone lgaa| pratidina zrotAoM kI saMkhyA vRddhi pAne lgii| pariSadA meM apUrva Ananda prApta hone lgaa| sacce akhaNDita sAdhu samAcArI kA logoM ko bhAna
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________________ 722 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa---bhAga 4 hone lgaa| ukta prakAra loMkAjI kI mahimA logoM ke mukha se sunakara yatiyoM ko dveSa utpanna hone lagA aura loMkAjI ko Age se zAstra denA banda kara diyaa| jitane zAstra loMkAjI ke hAtha lage utane kA hI uddhAra huA aura zeSa zAstra bhaNDAra meM raha gaye jo dImaka vagairaha jantuoM ke bhoga bana gye| ukta prakAra loMkAjI dvArA 32 (battIsa) zAstroM kA bhaNDAra apane adhIna kara arihanta praNIta satya zAstra kA svarUpa darzAne ke lie svecchA se Aye hue logoM ko satyadharma kA upadeza karane lage aura zaMkAzIla puruSoM kI zaMkA kA nivAraNa bhI karane lge| loMkAjI kA sadbodha logoM ko bar3A hI vairAgya utpAdaka huaa| eka vakta yatiyoM ke upadeza se yAtrA ko jAte hue cAra saMgha ahamadAbAda meM ekatrita hue| ve loMkAjI kA sadbodha sunakara sacce vItarAga praNIta dharma ke zraddhAlu bane / unameM se 152 puruSoM ko vairAgya prApta huaa| ve bole ki jo Apa zAstrAnusAra dIkSA dhAro to hama bhI Apake ziSya hone ko taiyAra haiM / yaha sunakara loMkAjI paramAnandI bane aura prathama mukhapati mukhakara bAMdha kara paMca parameSThI ko vandanA kI aura svayaM dIkSA dhAraNA kii| phira eka sau bAvana (152) puruSoM ko dIkSA dii| loMkAjI ko apanA paramopakArI jAna gaccha kA nAma loMkAgaccha diyaa| __una sAdhuoM ke sAtha AryamaNDala meM bahuta samaya taka vicaraNa kara satyadharma kA prasAra kiyaa| phira AlocanA, nindA yukta 15 dina ke saMthAre pUrvaka AtmoddhAra kiyaa| tatpazcAt bhAgajI nAmaka sadgRhastha ne 45 mahApuruSoM ke sAtha mukha para mukhavastrikA bAMdhakara dIkSA dhAraNa kii| lokAgaccha zAstrAnusAra zuddhAcAra kA pAlana karate hue kitaneka kAla bAda zithilAcAriyoM kI saMgati se zithilAcArI bana gyaa| lokAzAha ke jIvana ke katipaya tathyoM para prakAza DAlane vAle ullekha 1. bhAnucandra yati dvArA racita "dayAdharma caupAI-kar3I saMkhyA 25" meM lokAzAha ke jIvana ke katipaya tathyoM para prakAza DAlane vAle nimnalikhita pada mananIya haiM :
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________________ lokAzAha "vIra jiNesara paraNami pAya, suguru taragu lahyo supasAya / bhasmagraha no roSa apAru jaIna dharama paDiyo andhakAra ||1| caudasaya bayAsI vaisAkhaI, vada caudasa nAma luMko rAkhaI / ATha varisa no luMko thayo, sA DUMgara paralokai gayo ||4|| dayAdharma jalahalatI jota, sA lUMke kIdhuM udyota / panara saya battIsau pramANa, sA luMko pAmyo nirvAraNa || 14 || panara saya aThyottara jAU, mAgha zuddhi sAtama pramANaU / bhAnucandra yati mati ullasaU, dayA dharma luMke vilasaU ||25|| sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] 2. marudhara kezarI munizrI mizrImalajI mahArAja ne loMkAzAha ke janmAdi ke sambandha meM nimna prakAra se ullekha kiyA hai : [ 723 "arahaTavADA ke zAha hemAjI osavaMzIya ke Apa suputra the / daphtarI ApakA gotra thA / mAtA kA nAma gaMgAdevI thA / usa suyogya dampati yugala se kArtika pUrNimA ko vi0 saM0 1472 meM ApakA janma huA / Apa eka honahAra putra the, ApakA nAma lokacandra rakhA gayA / vi0 saM0 1487 meM Apa vyApAra vyavasAya meM lage / Apake pitA sirohI darabAra candrAvatI ( ? ) ke pradhAna dIvAna the / darabAra se kisI kAraNa virodha ho jAne se Apa apane priya putra ko lekara ahamadAbAda pahuMce / ahamadAbAda meM lokAzAha javAharAta kA dhandhA karane lage / yahAM santa samAgama se prApa dhArmika zAstroM kA adhyayana bhI karane lage / vi0 saM0 1530 meM Apane (Apako ) zAstroM kA adhyayana karate hue (samaya) jJAnajI yati ke dvArA dazakAlika sUtra pratilipi karane ko milaa| isako par3hakara Apane dharma aura sAdhu jIvana ke prAcAra ko samajhA aura zuddha dharma kA nirUpaNa karane lage / isase rAhillapura pATaNa ke nivAsI lakhamasI Adi 45 vyaktiyoM ne saMyama grahaNa kiyA / " 3. prAgvATa itihAsa meM zrApake jIvana ke sambandha meM katipaya navIna tathyoM para prakAza DAlA hai : 4. vADIlAla motIlAla zAha ne aitihAsika nauMdha meM lokAzAha ke jIvana ke sambandha meM katipaya tathyoM para prakAza DAlA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : "1. kAzAha yatiyoM ke upAzraya meM gaye .... utArane ke lie diye hue zAstroM se eka-eka nakala yatiyoM ke liye aura eka-eka gharU upayoga ke liye likhI / isI taraha lokAzAha ke pAsa eka arase meM acchA jaina sAhitya ikaTThA ho gayA / " (aitihAsika nauMdha, pRSTha 67 )
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________________ 724 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 2. lokAzAha kI dIkSA ke sambandha meM zAha vADIlAla motIlAla ne lokAzAha ke muMha se kahAyA hai- "maiM isa samaya bilkula bUr3hA aura apaMga hUM, aise zarIra se sAdhu kI kaThina kriyAoM kA sAdhana honA azakya hai| mere jaisA manuSya dIkSA lekara jitanA upakAra kara sake, usase jyAdA upakAra saMsAra meM rahakara kara sakatA hai|" -aitihAsika nauMdha pRSTha 74, 75 / 5. svAmI maNilAlajI mahArAja sAhaba ne apanI racanA 'prabhu vIra paTTAbalI' ke pRSTha 170 para loMkAzAha ke jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanA para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai : "saMgha nA zraddhAlu tatkAla jhaverIvAr3A nA upAzraya (jihAM loMkAzAha upadeza prApatA hathA) AvyA ane lokAzAha ne saMgha nI mAlakI no makAna khAlI karavA dhamakI paapii| lokAzAhe Avela zrAvakoM ne samajhAvA nI koziza karI paNa yatiyoM nI sajjaDa uSkaraNI ne kAraNe yatibhakto e kAI dAda na dIdhI / eTaluMja nahIM, paNa temAM nA keTalAka svacchandI zrAvako pAgala prAvI zrImAn ne balajabarI thI upAsarA nI bAhara kahADavA nuM prayatna karavA lAgyA, eTale lokAzAha svayaM (pote) tarataja upAzraya thI nikalI gayA / ........" (6) jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka varSa 3-3-48 meM gujarAtI bhASA meM prakAzita bIra vaMzAvalI meM loMkAzAha ke jIvana kI ghaTanA ke sambandha meM jo prakAza DAlA gayA hai, usakA hindI rUpAntara nimna prakAra hai ............"lokAzAha yatiyoM ke upAzraya meM likhAI kA kAma karate the| unakI majadUrI ke paise zrAvaka loga jJAnakhAtoM meM se diyA karate the| eka bAra eka pustaka kI likhAI kA pArizramika de dene para kevala sAr3he sattara dokaDe dene zeSa raha gaye aura isIliye lokAzAha aura zrAvakoM ke bIca paraspara takarAra ho gaI / lokAzAha yatiyoM ke pAsa aayaa| yatiyoM ne kahA-"lUMkA ! hama to paise rakhate nahIM haiN| tuma zrAvakoM se apanA hisAba le lo| yaha suna loMkA ko krodha AyA aura vaha sAdhuoM kI nindA karatA huA bAjAra meM eka hATa para AkAra baiTha gyaa| idhara eka musalamAna likhArA (lekhaka) jo musalamAnoM kI pustakeM likhatA thA aura lokazAha kA mitra thA, vaha bhI pA niklaa| usane lokAzAha ke lalATa para candana kA tilaka dekhakara unase pUchA-"kyoM lokAzAha ! tere bhAla para kyA hai ?" lokAzAha ne kahA-"mandira kA stambha (tilk)|" isa para saiyada ne lokAzAha ko nAstikatA kA upadeza diyA aura lokAzAha kI buddhi
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 725 meM vikAra utpanna huaaa| tadanantara usane saiyada kI saMgati se jaina dharma kI saba kriyAoM kA nAstikapanA (lopa-niSedha athavA virodha) kara apanA nayA mata nikaalaa|" (7) jaina prakAza dinAMka 18-8-35 ke pRSTha 475 para prakAzita 'dharma prAraNa lokAzAha' zIrSaka lekha meM santabAlajI ne lokAzAha ke jIvana para prakAza DAlate hue nimnalikhita rUpa meM apanA abhimata prakaTa kiyA hai "lokAzAha khuda gRhastha paNAM mAM rahyA ane 45 manuSyoM ne dIkSA levA nI anumati praapii|"........ (isake Age Apa phUTa noTa meM likhate haiM ki)-kaI-kaI sthale ehavo paNa male chai ki loMkAzAha pote paNa dIkSita thayA hatA, ane tethIja temano anuyAyI varga lokAmata tarIke pAchala nthii| A vakte lokAzAha nI vaya khUbaja vRddha thaI gaI htii| ane pA 45 dIkSA thayA pachI TuMkaja vagata mAM tema no dehAnta thayo chai| eTale tero nI tyAga dazA utkRSTa hovA chatAM, gRhastha chatAM paNa sanyAsa evA rahyA, dIkSA laI zakyA nathI / ........' (8) sAdhu vinayarSijI ne dinAMka 4-4-36 ke bambaI samAcAra nAmaka patra meM prakAzita apane lekha meM likhA hai "zrImAn dharma prANa loMkAzAha nI umara e samaye moTI hatI, tesro gRhasthavAsa mAM sAdhu jIvana gAlatA htaa|" (6) svAmI maNilAlajI ne apanI kRti 'prabhuvIra paTTAvalI' ke pRSTha 170 para likhA hai lokAzAha akele pATana yati sumativijayajI ke pAsa gaye aura unase dIkSA grahaNa kara apanA nAma lakSmIvijaya rkkhaa| yaha dIkSA bhI cAturmAsa meM arthAt vikrama samvat (1506) 1506 zrAvaNa zuklA gyArasa ko lI thii|" (10) khambhAta ke saMghavI pola bhaNDAra se upalabdha huI paTTAvalI ke sAtha saMlagna "sAta inca lambe, tIna inca caur3e do jIrNapatroM kI phoTo prati meM bhI "caurAsI gaccha mahAtmA' zIrSaka ke nIce krama saMsthA 8 para loMkAzAha ke svayaM dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai jo isa prakAra hai - (kramasaMkhyA 8) "samvat 1531 jatI svayameva lUMkozAha ko humo|" arthAt vikrama samvat 1531 meM loMkAzAha ne dIkSA grahaNa kI paura ve pati arthAt zramaNa hue / dIkSA unhoMne svayameva grahaNa kI thii|
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________________ 726. ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 lokAgaccha paramparA kA mUla nAma 'jinamatI' jisa prakAra bar3audA yUnivarsiTI meM upalabdha gacchAcAra vidhi nAmaka tIna patroM kI choTI-sI pustikA ke pRSTha pAMca aura chaH para samvatvAra aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke ullekha meM krama saMkhyA 17 para ullekha hai ki "vIra nirvANa samvat 2000 varSe loMkA (loke kA) jinamatI satya prarUpaNA nA karaNahAra huA / / 6 / / , ThIka isI.prakAra khambhAta kI siMghavI pola bhaNDAra se prApta samvat 1834 meM likhita pAMca patra kI paTTAvalI ke dasaveM pRSTha para yaha ullikhita hai ki 'vIra pache do hajAra (2000)........' 23 varSe jinamatI huaa| paravAdI I 'loMkA' khyaa|" isa prakAra ke ye ullekha pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI vijJa aura mukhyataH itihAsa ke vidvAnoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ke liye bar3A hI cintanIya evaM mananIya hai| vizeSakara usa sthiti meM jabaki sAdhumArgI paramparAoM ke sAdhuoM athavA prAcAryoM kI sevA meM kisI kSetra vizeSa ke zrAvakoM dvArA apane kSetra meM cAturmAsa karane hetu jo vinantipatra zatAbdi do zatAbdi pUrva ke atIta kAla meM bheje gaye, unameM una prAcAryoM athavA sAdhuoM ke nAma ke pUrva 'jinamati' vizeSaNa lage patra adyAvadhi kahIM-kahIM upalabdha hote haiM / AcAryazrI vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura meM isa prakAra kA eka 'vinatIpatra' Aja bhI surakSita hai jise pratyeka jijJAsu dekha sakatA hai| ina ullekhoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para pratyeka vijJa ke antarmana meM isa prakAra ke vicAra kA utpanna honA sahaja hI sambhava hai ki vIra nirvANa saM0 2001 meM dharmaprANa vIra lokAzAha ne dharmoddhAra kara AgamoM para AdhArita vizuddha sAdhumArgI paramparA kA punaruddhAra kiyaa| usa samaya caityavAsiyoM, yatiyoM evaM zithilAcAragrasta anyAnya paramparAoM se isa vizuddha sAdhumArgI paramparA kI pRthak pahacAna ke liye vastutaH isakA koI na koI nAma to avazyameva rakkhA hogA aura vaha nAmakaraNa bhI isa paramparA ke prAdurbhAva ke sAtha hI svayaM lokAzAha dvArA athavA loMkAzAha kI vidyamAnatA meM isa vizuddha paramparA ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA hI rakkhA gayA hogaa| samasta jaina vAMgmaya ke AloDana ke uparAnta bhI adyAvadhi upalabdha jaina sAhitya meM isa paramparA ke-loMkAgaccha, lUMpakagaccha, lUMpAkagaccha aura jinamatI-ina cAra nAmoM ke atirikta aura koI nAma upalabdha nahIM hotaa| jahAM taka loMkAgaccha nAmakaraNa kA prazna hai, lokAzAha jaise Adarza, tyAgI aura jinazAsana premI mahApuruSa apanI vidyamAnatA meM kisI bhI dazA meM prabhu mahAvIra ke mahAn dharma saMgha kA nAma apane nAma para "loMkAgaccha' rakhane ke liye sahamata nahIM ho sakate the / 'lUpakagaccha' aura 'lUMpAkagaccha' ina do nAmoM se isa vizuddha paramparA kA nAmakaraNa kiye jAne kA jahAM taka prazna hai 'lUpaka' aura 'lUMpAka' ina donoM
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 727 zabdoM kA artha hai 'cora, luTerA athavA ddaakuu'| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM koI bhI sabhya saMgha apane Apako cora luTere aura DAkuoM kA gaccha athavA samUha isa nAma se abhihita kiyA jAnA kabhI svecchA se svIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| isake sAtha hI isa vizuddha sAdhu paramparA ke virodhI, pratipakSI aneka gacchoM ne apanI paTTAvaliyoM, kavitAoM, caupAiyoM, bhAsoM Adi meM isa paramparA ke lie 'lUkAgaccha', 'lUpakagaccha' athA 'laMpAkamata' ina aziSTa evaM abhadra zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / isa prakAra ke abhadra zabdoM kA isa vizuddha zramaNa paramparA ke lie prayoga Aja bhI pratipakSI gacchoM ke sAhitya meM yatra-tatra dRSTigocara hotA hai / isake sAtha hI loMkAgaccha kI anekAneka paTTAvaliyoM meM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki lokAzAha dvArA kiye gaye dharmoddhAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo vizuddha sAdhumArga athavA dayAmArga kI paramparA pracalita huI, usakA nAma virodhiyoM ne vidveSAbhibhUta ho lUkAgaccha athavA loMkAgaccha rkkhaa| ___ aba zeSa rahA eka hI nAmakaraNa, aura vaha hai jinmtii| bar3audA yUnIvarsiTI meM upalabdha gacchAcAra vidhi aura khambhAta siMghavI pola bhaNDAra se prApta paTTAvalI ke uparilikhita ullekhoM para niSpakSa evaM gambhIra dRSTi se vicAra karane para yahI siddha hotA hai ki pUrva kAla meM zatAbdiyoM taka suvihita paramparA ke nAma se pahicAnI jAtI rahI athavA loka meM prasiddha rahI paramparA ko AgamoM ke pariveSa meM jana-jana ke samakSa prakAza meM lAte hue lokAzAha ne usa samaya isa zAstrIya vizuddha zramaNAcAra kI paramparA ko jinamata ke nAma se abhihita kiyA thaa| isI kAraNa uparokta do patrAvaliyoM meM isa paramparA kI jinamatI ke nAma se pahicAna karAI gaI hai| lokAzAha ne AgamoM para AdhArita isa vizuddha paramparA kA nAma jinamatI rakhA thA, isakI puSTi zrAvakoM dvArA zramaNottamoM kI sevA meM prastuta kiye gaye vinatI patroM meM unake nAma ke Age athavA pIche 'jinamatI' zabda ke prayoga se bhI hotI hai| uparilikhita tathyoM se to nissandeha rUpa se yahI siddha hotA hai ki isa loMkAgaccha paramparA kA nAma sarvaprathama 'jinamatI' rakkhA gayA thaa| jinezvara prabhu zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA caturvidha tIrtha ke rUpa meM sthApita kI gaI vizvakalyANakAriNI dharma paramparAko loMkAzAha dvArA jinamatI nAma kI saMjJA denA sabhI bhAMti samucita pratIta hotA hai / AzA hai itihAsa ke vidvAn evaM zodharuci vijJa isa sambandha meM gahana zodha kara aura adhika prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kreNge| potiyAgaccha ke nAma se prasiddha ekapAtariyA gaccha ke rAjakavi zrI rAyacanda muni dvArA vi0 saM0 1736 kI bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI, somavAra ke dina indaura nagara meM racita eka pAtariyA gaccha paTTAvalI meM mahAn dharmoddhAraka, dayA-dharma pracAraka vIra lokAzAha kA vistAra ke sAtha paricaya diyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai :
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________________ 728 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "loMkAgaccha kisa prakAra aura kaba pracalita huaA isa sambandha meM dhyAna dekara suniye| marudharA (mArumaNDala athavA mAravAr3a) meM kheraMTiyA nAmaka eka (nagara) grAma thaa| vahAM para (vi0 saM0 1515 meM jodhapura nAmaka nagara basAne vAle) marudharAdhIza rAva jodhA ke putra ratanasiMha ke putra durjanasiMha kA zAsana thA jisakA ki 1600 gAMvoM para Adhipatya thaa| durjanasiMha ke koSAgAra dhana se paripUrNa the| usake dvArA zAsita pradeza meM ibhya (zrImantoM meM agragaNya) zreSThivaroM ke bar3I bhArI saMkhyA meM ghara the| durjanasiMha ke mahatA jAti ke kAmadAra ke do putra the| eka kA nAma thA jIvarAja aura dUsare kA nAma thA lkhmsii| ve donoM durjanasiMha ke hAkima (prazAsaka) evaM kharataragaccha ke jIvAjIvAdi tatvoM ke jJAtA zrAvaka the| ve donoM bhAI rAjya bhara meM agragaNya mAne jAte the| ___ eka dina kharaMTiyA ke zAsaka durjanasiMha ne mehatA jIvarAja aura lakhamasI para kisI aparAdha kA Aropa lagA unake ghara para adhikAra kara unakA sarvasva lUTa apane adhikAra meM kara liyaa| sarvasvApaharaNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa jIvarAja aura lakhamasI nitAnta nirAdhAra evaM nirdhana ho gye| AjIvikopArjana ke lie una donoM bhAiyoM ko apanI janmabhUmi marudharA ko chor3ane ke lie bAdhya honA par3A aura ve gujarAta kI ora prasthita ho kramazaH anahilapura pattana phNce| vahAM ve pUnamiyAM gaccha ke posAladhArI AcArya Anandavimala kI posAla meM gaye / zrI Ananda vimala ke 730 ziSyoM kA parivAra thaa| vahAM zithilAcAra kA sAmrAjya dekha una donoM mehatA bandhuoM ko duHkha ke sAtha-sAtha hI dharma ke sambandha meM bar3I cintA huI / zrI prAnandavimala ke muni khemasI nAmaka eka ziSya ko kucha likhate hue dekhakara ve donoM bhAI muni ke pAsa gaye aura unheM namana karane ke pazcAt pUchA-"mahArAja Apa yaha kyA likha rahe haiM ?"" 1. . loMkAgaccha te jANiye re, nikalyAM no adhikAra / / mArumaNDala jANiye re zahara kharaMTiyo tihAM / teha nagara no rAjavI re, yodhAvata naranAha / / / durjanasiMha ye jANiye re, ratanasiMha kA pUta / solaha se grAma tehane ghare re, durjanasiMha narinda / tehanA hAkama jANiye re, mahatA jIvarAja lakhamiMda / / 16 / / koI anyAya ja nAMkha ne re, kAmadAra gRha savizeSa / * ghara sarve lUTi liyo re, kiyA nirdhana eha jI / / 18 / / ekapAtariyAgaccha paTTAvalI (aprakAzita)
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 726 prAcArya prAnandavimala ke ziSya khemasI muni ne uttara diyA-"zrAvakajI ! maiM dazavaikAlika sUtra likha rahA huuN|" mehatA lakhamasI ne "dhammo maMgalamukkiTheM, ahiMsA saMjamo tavo"- isa gAthA ko par3hA to unheM bar3A Azcarya huaa| saMbhavataH munizrI kI dhImI lekhanagati athavA apekSita akSara-saundarya na dekhakara mehatA lakhamasI ne munijI se kahA-- "mujhe dIjiye mahArAja ! maiM likhatA huuN|" mehatA lakhamasI ne tIvra gati se isa prakAra likhanA prArambha kiyA mAno patroM para motiyoM kI lar3iyAM bichA rahe hoN| mehatA lakhamasI ke atIva sundara aSTapUrva adbhat lekhana ko dekhakara muni khemasI ke Azcarya kA pArAvAra na rhaa| usane tatkAla lakhamasI dvArA likhe gaye patra ko apane guru aAnanda vimalasUri ke pAsa le jAkara kahA-"prAcAryadeva ! dekhiye motI ke samAna kitane sundara, kitane svaccha akSara haiM ?" AcArya prAnandavimalasUri ne apalaka una akSaroM kI ora gaura se dekhate hue apane ziSya se pUchA - "vatsa ! ye kisake akSara haiM, motI tulya ?" muni khemasI ne tatkAla una donoM bandhuoM ko apane guru ke samakSa upasthita karate hue kahA"bhagavan ! ina mehatA lakhamasI ke samAna sundara akSara likhane vAlA maiMne Aja taka na to kahIM dekhA hai aura na kAnoM sunA hI hai|" donoM ne prAcAryazrI ko vandana kiyA / una donoM bhavya evaM saumya AkRti ke yuvakoM ko dekhakara prAcArya Anandavimala bar3e harSita hue| unhoMne una donoM bandhuoM se pUchA--"Apa kahAM ke rahane vAle ho?" unake mukha se unakA pUrNa paricaya sunakara AcAryazrI prAnandavimalasUri ne kahA-"aba tuma hamAre pAsa hI raho aura zAstroM ke lekhana kA kArya kro|" mehatA lakhamasI ne tatkAla AgamoM ke lekhana kA kArya saharSa apane hAtha meM liyA aura dattacitta ho AgamoM ko likhanA prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne vi0 saM0 1521 kI caitra kRSNA aSTamI ke dina prabhAta ke prathama prahara meM zreSTha muhUrta meM dazavaikAlika sUtra kA Alekhana sampanna kiyaa| isa sUtra ko par3hane evaM likhane se unake antarcakSu unmIlita ho gaye / unhoMne dekhA aura anubhava kiyA ki AgamoM meM to jinezvara mahAbIra ne dayAmUlaka ahiMsA dharma ko hI saccA dharma batAyA hai / isa sUtra meM jo dazavidha yatidharma batAyA gayA hai, usase Aja ke zramaNa-zramaraNI varga kA prAcAra-vicAra nitAnta viparIta evaM pUrNataH bhinna dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| yatra-tatrasarvatra jahAM bhI dekho cAroM ora mukhyataH zithilAcAra kA, prAgamaviruddha AsthAAcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAra kA prAdhipatya dRSTigocara ho rahA hai / ina AgamoM ke' binA inameM pratipAdita-prarUpita kiyA gayA saccA dharma mArga mumukSutroM-bhavya prANiyoM ko kaise batAyA jA skegaa| unhoMne cintAmagna ho mana hI mana socA-"ye jo Agama maiM likhatA hUM, ye to sabake saba hI pozAladhArI AcAryazrI Anandavimala
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________________ 730 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sUrijI le lete haiN| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM kisa prakAra ina AgamoM kI aura adhika pratiyAM likhavAI jAyaM tathA kisa prakAra athAha saMsAra sAgara se uddhAra karane vAle isa sacce dayAdharma kA pracAra kiyA jAya / zAstra prarUpita sacce dharma ke pracAraprasAra ke liye ina zAstroM kI aneka pratiyoM kA honA anivArya rUpeNa Avazyaka hai| yaha kArya kisI udAramanA dharmaniSTha zrImanta kI sahAyatA ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| ___ isa prakAra vicAra kara mehatA lakhamasI anahilapurapattana nagara meM zreSThiyoM kI vasati kI aora prasthita hue| nagara meM svadharmI bandhuoM se bAtacIta karate samaya unheM jJAta huA ki pATaNa kA nagarazreSThi rUpasI bar3A hI udAramanA evaM dharmaniSTha mahAdAnI hai / mehatA lakhamasI nagaraseSThi rUpasI se mile / Atithya satkAra ke anantara rUpasI ne mehatA lakhamasI se pUchA-"bandhuvara ! Apa yahAM kisa sthAna para rahate haiM, ApakA mUla nivAsa sthAna kahAM hai, Apa kisa dharma ke upAsaka haiM tathA ApakI sAkha (vaMza zAkhA) aura jAti kyA hai ?" lakhamasI bolA-"zreSThivara ! merA nAma lakhamasI, dharma-jaina dharma, merI zAkha bIsA zrImAlI aura jAti mahatA hai| maiM kharataragaccha kA upAsaka huuN| maiM marudharadeza ke kharanTiyAvAsa nAmaka nagara kA rahane vAlA huuN|" isa para rUpasI ne prazna kiyA-"Apa mere pAsa kisa uddezya se Aye haiM ? vyApAra sambandhI kisI kArya se Aye haiM athavA anya kisI kArya se ?" lakhamasI ne uttara diyA-"maiM Apake pAsa dharma-kArya se sambandhita samasyA ko lekara AyA huuN| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA karate samaya ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa svarUpa dayAdharma kI prarUpaNA kI thI, yaha hamAre dharmazAstroM se koTi-koTi sUryoM ke prakAza kI bhAMti spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai| kintu kAlAntara meM (antima pUrvadhara AcArya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke vIra ni0 saM0 1000 meM svargastha ho jAne ke anantara) zithilAcArI, parISahabhIru zramaNoM ne AgamoM meM pratipAdita evaM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pradarzita mUla evaM zuddha 1. taba tyAM lakhamasI cintave, kema kara pustaka lakhAya / ito lakhUchUehanA, te to sarva le jAya / / dayAdharma kima cAlase, kema taravA no upAya // 1 // mana meM ehavo cintavI, pahuMtA nagara majhAra / ehavo koI zrImantache. dayA dharma calAya / / 2 / / -eka pAtariyA gaccha paTTAvalI-hastalikhita (prA0 zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura)
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] loMkAzAha [ 731 dharmapatha se bhraSTa hokara hiMsApUrNa dharma pracalita kiyaa| saccA dharma zAstroM meM pratipAdita hai kintu hamAre saba zAstra zithilAcAriyoM ke adhikAra meM haiN| mujhe ve Agama pozAladhArI AcArya prAnandavimalasUri ne likhane ke lie diye haiN| binA dravya vyaya kiye una zAstroM kI AvazyakatAnusAra pratiyAM nahIM likhAI jA sktiiN| mere dvArA likhI gaI pratiyAM prAnandavimalasUri le lete haiN| una zAstroM kI eka se adhika pratiyAM likhavAye binA dayAdharma ko prakAza meM nahIM lAyA jA sakatA, usakA logoM meM pracAra-prasAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / una zAstroM kI pratiyAM likhavAne ke dhArmika uddezya se hI maiM mApake pAsa AyA huuN|"" tadanantara mehatA lakhamasI ne rUpasI ko dazavakAlika sUtra meM pratipAdita ahiMsAmUlaka vizuddha dharma, zramaNoM ke nirdoSa prAhAra-pAnIya madhukarI ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane evaM zuddha zramaNAcAra ke sambandha meM sAra rUpa meM smjhaayaa| lakhamasI dvArA prastuta kiye gaye ahiMsAmUlaka dharma evaM zramaNAcAra viSayaka Agamika vivecana ko sunakara rUpasI ko vAstavika dharma ke sAtha bodhibIja samyakta va kI prApti huI / unhoMne lakhamasI se dRr3ha samyakta va dhAraNa kiyaa| apanI Antarika abhilASA ko rUpasI ke samakSa abhivyakta karate hue lakhamasI ne kahA-"yadi mere pAsa dravya ho to vaha saba kucha vyaya kara sarvaprathama ina AgamoM kA lekhana krvaauuN|" . lakhamasI kI bAta sunakara nagarazreSThi rUpasI ne tatkAla vipula dravya mehatA lakhamasI ko arpita karate hue kahA--"yaha dravya lIjiye aura isa uttama kArya ko sucArurUpeNa yathAzIghra sampanna kiijiye|" 1. jotAM jotAM zAha rUpasI, araNahilapura ne mAMyaM / nagaraseTha tihAM base, zAha rUpasI sujANa // 3 // lakhamasI jAI tehane malyA, bolyA dekhI seTha / kihAM baso cho tumheM ihAM, kauna tumhAro dharma ne ThAma // 4 // kuNa tumhArI sAkha cha, kuNa tumhArI jAta / valatA lakhamasI ima boliyA, bIsA zrImAlI amArI sAkha // 5 // jiNadharamI gaccha khaDatarA, mahatA pramArI jAta / mArudeza e maiM rahaU, zahara kharanTiyAvAsa // 6 // kuNa kAraja mAviyA ihAM, koya bepAra ne kAma / valatA lakhamasI ema bInave, pramAre dharma no kAma / / 7 / / dayAdharma jina bhAkhiyo, to zrI jina varddhamAna / te dharma sarva uthApane, hiMsA dharma calAya // 6 // -eka pAtariyA gaccha, potiyA bandhagaccha paTTAvalI, hastalikhita /
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________________ 732 ] [ jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa-bhAga 4 mehatA lakhamasI ne rUpasI se lekhana hetu Avazyaka dhanarAzi lI aura apane sthAna para pAkara AgamoM ke likhane evaM likhavAne kA kArya prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne aharniza athaka parizrama kara bar3I hI tanmayatA ke sAtha battIsoM prAgamoM ko likhA aura unakI aneka pratiyAM taiyAra krvaaiiN| lekhana kArya ke sampanna hote hI battIsoM AgamoM kI eka-eka prati evaM mUla unhoMne AnandavimalasUri ko unakI pozAla meM samarpita kI aura 32 AgamoM kI zeSa sabhI pratiyAM nagarazreSThi rUpasI ke samakSa prastuta kii| battIsoM sUtroM kI una pratiyoM ko dekhakara rUpasI ne mehatA lakhamasI se kahA- "he bhavyAtman ! aura bhI koI Agama likhanA avaziSTa ho to use Apa likhiye|" mehatA lakhamasI ne uttara diyA "zreSThivara ! aba aura koI Agama likhanA avaziSTa nahIM rahA hai| ina 32 AgamoM meM hI dayAdharma pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / ina battIsoM hI AgamoM kI pratiyAM likha lI evaM likhavA lI gaI haiM / saca kahatA hUM, aba mujhe lAbha hI lAbha dRSTigocara ho rahA hai|" / yaha suna kara rUpasI ne lakhamasI se kahA-"mehatAjI ! Agama zAstra to saba likha liye lekina ina AgamoM ke. artha se hama abhI bhalI-bhAMti bhijJa nahIM haiM ataH hameM sabase pahale AgamoM ko bhalI-bhAMti adhyayana karanA caahiye|" isa prakAra vicAra kara nagaraveSThi rUpasI apane sAtha mehatA lakhamasI ko lekara AnandavimalasUri ke pAsa gaye / rUpasI ne AnandavimalasUri se AgamoM kA artha batAne ko kahA / rUpasI kI prArthanA para AnandavimalasUri ne ekAnta meM baiThakara una donoM ko prAgamoM kA artha batAnA prArambha kiyaa| mehatA lakhamasI aura zreSThi rUpasI ne anukramazaH battIsoM AgamoM kA adhyayana kara liyaa| sUtroM kA artha suna kara ve donoM vicAra karane lage ki AgamAnusArI dharma kI sthApanA kisa prakAra kI jAya / vicAra-vinimaya ke anantara mehatA lakhamasI ne tripoliyA para baiThakara bhavya jIvoM ko dharma kA upadeza denA prArambha kiyaa| mehatA lakhamasI ke prathama upadeza se hI pATaNa nagara ke 700 ghara zAstroM meM sarvajJa-sarvadarzI bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita zuddha dayA dharma ke anuyAyI bane aura unhoMne zuddha samyakta va dhAraNa kiyaa|' 1. ema suNI ne bUjhyA rUpasI, dhAryo samakita dRDDha / ........ dravya dIgho bahu rUpasI, karo tame uttama kAma / ........ dravya lahI mahato lakhamasI, behaThA lakhavA kAja / ye dasamIkAlaka prAde daI, sUtra battIse utAra // 13 // sUtra lakhI Anandavimala nA, pAchA tehane dodha / Apa lakhyA mehate lakhamasI, seTha rUpasI ne dIdha / (zeSa pRSTha 733 para)
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 733 isa prakAra mehatA lakhamasI pratidina AgamoM kA upadeza dene lge| unake upadezoM se aneka bhavyoM ko sarvajJa-sarvadarzI prabhu mahAvIra dvArA saMsAra ke kalyANa ke lie prakAzita jinadharma ke vAstavika sacce svarUpa kA pratidina bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM upadeza zravaNArtha Aye hue logoM ko bodha hone lagA aura pratidina vizAla naranArI samUha zAstra meM nirdiSTa dayA-dharma ke anuyAyI banane lge| jinadharma kA cAroM ora udyota hone lgaa| isa prakAra lokAzAha ke upadezoM se jainadharma ke sacce svarUpa kA jina dinoM pracAra-prasAra ho rahA thA, unhIM dinoM dillI se eka saMgha aneka tIrthasthAnoM kI yAtrA karatA huA anahilapurapattana nagara meM aayaa| usa saMgha ke agraNI aura khajAncI zAha bhAmA, bhAramala, khetasI, zAha jagarUpa, zAha DUMgara aura zAha megharAja loka meM vizruta mehatA lakhamasI (mehatA lokAzAha) kI sacce dharma ke upadezaka ke rUpa meM prasiddhi sunakara unake pAsa Aye / mehatA lakhamasI ne unheM AgamoM ke AdhAra para Agamika gAthAoM ke ullekhapUrvaka muktipradAyI dharma kA upadeza diyaa| tIrthATana ke liye nikale hue una saMgha mukhyoM ko muktipradAyI dayAmUlaka sacce dharma kA bodha humA / unhoMne lakhamasI mehatA (loMkA mehatA) ke pAsa samyakta va grahaNa kara use dRr3ha kiyaa| zAha bhAmA aura zAha bhAramala ne ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha svarUpa paMca mahAvratoM kI dIkSA grahaNa karane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| ve saMgha mukhya tIrthayAtrA kA vicAra chor3a mehatA lakhamasI ke pAsa zAstroM kA jJAna arjana karane lge| . unhIM dinoM sUrata kA eka vizAla saMgha anahilapurapattana meM aayaa| usameM azva, gaja, uSTra, zakaTa, poThiye (pratidina Avazyaka jIvanopayogI sAmagrI ko Dhone vAle baila, paricAraka, pAcaka, rajaka Adi saMbhavataH sabhI milA kara) cAra lAkha kA sAtha thA / saMghapati zAha jIvarAja ne isa vizAla saMgha kA DerA pATana nagara ke bAhara eka vizAla maidAna meM ddaalaa| saMghavI zAha jIvarAja ne saMgha ke sadasyoM ke (TippaNI pRSTha 732 se Age) rUpasI lakhama sAthe laI, gayA Ananda vimala ne pAsa / dasamIkAlaka Ade daI, artha pATha kahiya / kema dharma ko re thApiye, bole rUpasI paas....||20|| tripoliyA para baisa ne, kare upadeza apAra / prathama vANI bhAkhI tihAM, sAta saM ghara zrAvaka dhAra // 21 // --ekapAtariyA (potiyAbandha) paTTAvalI hastalikhita /
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________________ 734 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 sAtha sarvaprathama paMcAsarA pArzvanAtha ke darzana kiye aura tadanantara unhoMne bar3e hI harSollAsa ke sAtha pozAladhArI prAcAryazrI prAnandavimalasUri ko vandana namana kiyaa| . devAdhideva prabhu pArzvanAtha aura guru prAnandavimalasUri ko vandana namana kara cukane ke pazcAt saMghapati jIvarAja ko loMkAgaccha ke katipaya zrAvaka mile / kuzalakSema kI pRcchA kara loMkAgaccha ke zrAvakoM ne saMghapati zrI jIvarAja se pUchA"Apane yahAM kisa deva kI pUjA kI aura kisa guru ko vandana kiyA ?" saMghapati ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pUjA-arcA aura prAnandavimalasUri ko vandana-namana kI bAta khii| isa para loMkAgaccha ke zrAvakoM ne kahA- "saMghavI jI ! bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai ki jisa mahApuruSa ko dekhanA thA, unheM to Apane dekhA hI nhiiN| hamAre isa nagara meM mehatA lakhamasI sacce zuddha dharma kA upadeza dete haiM, unake upadeza Apa avazya suniye|" . saMghapati jIvarAja ne vyagratA bharI utkaTa abhilASA vyakta karate hue kahA-"bandhuvaroM ! mehatA lakhamasI ko to mujhe avazya dikhaao|" saMghapati jIvarAja kI prabala utkaNThA dekha loMkAgacchIya zrAvaka tatkAla unheM mehatA lakhamasI ke pAsa le gaye / Agamika AdhAra para mehatA lakhamasI ke upadeza ko sunakara saMghavI 1. ema kari dharma parUpiyo, bajhA keI naranAra / ehavA avasara meM prakaTaU, dillI saMgha gurjara majhAra / ariNayalapura pATaNa viSe, nikalyA mAraga sAra ||23||t0|| lakhamasI sAha ne tyAM malyA, dayAdharma suNeha / / 25 / / sAMbhalI vayaNa lakhamasI taNAM, samakita sahu sudha kIdha / prathama bhAmosA bhAramalla, suNiya lakhamasI vairaNa ||26||t0|| saMjama sumana prANiyU, dayAdharma prasiddha / sudha samakita dRr3ha tyAM thaI, karatA uttama kAma / ehavA avasara ne viSe, sUrata saMgha taba prAya ||28|t0||. saMghapati sAthe sahI, sAha jIvarAja e nAma / cAralAkha saMgha sAtha sU, Avyo pATaNa sahara // 26 // saMghapati bAhare utaryA, sAthe manuSya apAra / deva guru ne pUjavA, gayA zahara majhAra ||30||t0|| prathama jAtrA teNe karI, paMcAsariyo pArasanAtha / Anandavimalane vAMdavA, cAlyA tiha mana ullAsa ||31||t0|| -ekapAtariyA (potiyA bandha) gaccha-paTTAvalI (hastalikhita)
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 735 zrI jIvarAja ko anirvacanIya Ananda kI anubhUti huii| unhoMne ahiMsAmUla-dayAparaka dharma ke sacce svarUpa ko samajhakara mehatA lakhamasI ke samakSa zuddha samyakta va grahaNa kiyaa| ati vinamra svara meM unhoMne mehatA lakhamasI se kahA--"mahAtman ! mere antarmana meM saMsAra se virakti utpanna ho gaI hai| merI Antarika icchA hai ki maiM zIghrAtizIghra saMyama grahaNa kara lUM kintu itane vizAla saMgha ko lekara AyA huuN| yadi saMgha ko pUrI yAtrA karAye binA bIca meM chor3a daMgA to loga mana-mAnI bAteM ghar3a kara merI akIti phailaayeNge| koI kahegA kharce se Dara gayA, koI kahegA-"maiM to pahale hI kahatA thA ki yaha mahA mUMjI hai, yaha kyA saMgha ko Akhira taka nibaahegaa|" isa bhAMti loga mujhe aneka prakAra se burA batA kara koseNge| isa kAraNa maiM saMgha kI yAtrA pUrNa karavAne ke pazcAt apane ghara jA svajanoM kI anumati prApta kara punaH yahAM upasthita ho saMyama grahaNa kruuNgaa|" ___ tadanantara saMgha ke pUrva nizcayAnusAra yAtrA pUrNa kara saMghavI jIvarAja saMgha ke sAtha sUrata lauTe / vahAM haripurA ke apane AvAsa meM pahuMca kara unhoMne saMgha ko saprema vidA dii| __saMgha ko vidA karane ke pazcAt jIvarAjajI ne apane ghara meM jAkara strIputra Adi parivAra ko ekatrita kara unase kahA - "maiM aba isa kSaNabhaMgura asAra saMsAra ke bandhanoM ko tor3akara zramaNa dharma aMgIkAra kruuNgaa| merA yaha dRr3ha saMkalpa hai / mujhe apane isa saMkalpa se saMsAra kI koI zakti raMcamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM kara 1. deva guru ne vAMda ne jI saMgha ne, mAMhe taba tAMsa / lokAgaccha zrAvaka malyA, zAha jIvarAja ne pAsa ||32||t0|| koIka kotaka tumheM sAMbhalo, aNiyalapura ne mAMhi / mehato lakhamasI ihAM base, suddha dharama se dhIra re ||35||t0|| ehavA vacana zrAvaka taNAM, suraNa ne sAha jIvarAja / valato zrAvaka ne kahe e puruSa mujha ne dekhAr3a / zrAvaka loMkAgaccha no, leI ne saMgha ne sAtha / lakhamasI mehatA pAse gayA, sIjhyA vaMchita kAja // 37 // saMghapati jIvarAja ne, dayA dharama suNAya / ehavA bacana sAMbhalI, harSita huvo apAra ||38||t0|| . samakita tAM teNe AdayoM, saMjama lehavA no bhAva / ihAM jo dIkSA hUM laUM, to mohe Thuuge loga ||36||t0|| -ekapAtariyA (potiyAbandha) gaccha pttttaavlii-(hstlikhit)|
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________________ 736 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -- bhAga 4 sakatI / isaliye Apa saba saharSa mujhe dIkSita hone kI anumati pradAna kara dIjiye / " isa prakAra apane parivAra kI anujJA prApta kara zreSThivara jIvarAjajI ne apanI sAta patniyoM aura devakumAroM ke samAna parama sundara AjJAkArI pAMca putroM ke moha ko kSaNa bhara meM hI eka aura jhaTaka kara pATaraNa kI ora prayANa kiyA / ahilapura pattana meM ve zAha rUpasI ke pAsa phuNce| jIvarAjajI aura rUpasI meM paraspara sAle bahanoI kA sambandha thA / jIvarAjajI bahanoI the aura zAha rUpasI unake sAle / jIvarAjajI ne apane sAle rUpasI se kahA- " maiM ApakI bahina aura Apake bhAnajoM Adi apane saba parivAra kI anujJA prApta kara zramaraNa dharma meM dIkSita hone ke uddezya se yahAM AyA huuN|" apane bahanoI zAha jIvarAjajI ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ko sunakara zAha rUpasI ne unase kahA - "maiMne bhI Apake sAtha hI dIkSita hone kA nizcaya kara liyA hai / " I mehatA lakhamasI ke vyAkhyAna kA samaya hone vAlA hai, yaha vicAra kara zAha jIvarAjajI aura zAha rUpasI tatkAla vyAkhyAna sthala para phuNceN| mehatA lakhamasI kA vyAkhyAna sunane ke liye vyAkhyAna sthala para vizAla janasamUha ekatrita thA / zAha jIvarAjajI aura zAha rUpasI bhI mehatA lakhamasI ke krAntikArI upadezoM ko sunane ke liye vyAkhyAnasthala para yathAsthAna baiTha gaye / mehatA lakhamasI ne sarvajJapraNIta zAstroM ke mUla sUtroM kI vizada vyAkhyA karate hue vyAkhyAna prArambha kiyA / "janma, jarA, mRtyu, roga, zoka, aniSTa saMyoga, iSTaviyoga Adi apAra dAruNa duHkhoM se zrota-prota saMsAra sAgara meM DUbate hue prANiyoM ko kevala sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita "ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa svarUpa dayA dharma hI bhavasAgara se pAra utArane vAlA hai" -- isa AdhyAtmika viSaya para mehatA lakhamasI ke marmasparzI vyAkhyAna ko sunakara (zAha jIvarAjajI ) zAha rUpasI, zAha bhAmA, zAha bhAramala Adi 45 mumukSutroM ne vairAgya ke pragAr3ha raMga meM raMgita ho paMca mahAvrata svarUpa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kI / ina 45 mumukSu zrAtmAnoM ne vikrama saMvat 1531 kI vaizAkha zuklA ekAdazI guruvAra ke dina dvitIya prahara meM anurAdhA nakSatra kA yoga hone para aSTama zubha muhUrta meM zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI / isa prakAra pAMca samiti, tIna gupti, nava bAr3a yukta brahmacarya, dazavidha yatidharma, pAMca saMvara aura 36 guNoM se suzobhita pAMca mahAvratadhArI 45 muni zraThAraha pApoM, zalya, mithyAtva aura pAMca prakAra ke prAsravoM se vinirmukta ho vibhinna kSetroM ke aneka grAmoM aura nagaroM meM apratihata vihAra krama se dharma kA udyota evaM dharmatIrtha kA abhyudayotkarSa karate hue vicaraNa karane lage / rUpasI ko lokAgaccha ke prathama paTTadhara prAcArya ke pada para adhiSThita kiyA gyaa| munizrI bhAramala aura bhujarAja ( bhojarAja vA bhAmAjI) ko sthavira pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA / bhAramalajI ke do ziSya hue kezavajI aura dhanarAjajI / lokAgaccha ke pahale paTTadhara zrI rUpasIjI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha / 737 ke jasavanta muni, khemasI aura tejasI ye tIna ziSya hue| isa prakAra loMkAgaccha prakaTa huA aura usakA vistAra hone lgaa|' lokAzAha ke jIvana eva lokAgaccha se sambandhita eka pAtariyA gaccha kI paTTAvalI ke padya itihAsaruci pAThakoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ke hitArtha yahAM yathAvat prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM :eka pAtariyA (potiyA bandha) gaccha kI paTTAvalI om namaH siddhAH / atha paTTAvalI likhyate / dohA / sakalacandra munivara nama, varddhamAna zrI vIra / pUraNa vaMchita te kare, sundara goyama dhIra / / 1 / / samvat pandraha nara sujANa, barasa ekatrIso bhalo e| . mAsa vaisAkha sujANa, sukalapakSa Ujalo e / / 2 / / dina igyArasa jAMNa, guruvAra nakSatra anurAdhA e / pohara bIjo tasa, nAma moharata aSTa mo e // 3 // zubha lagana zubha vAra, saMjama muni prAdaryA e| sAha rUpasI Adi daI, pastAlIsa jaNAM e / / 4 / / paMca mahAvrata sAra, sumiti gupati pAratAe / nava vidha dhAra brahmacarya, jati dharma dasa vidha e ||5|| TAle pApa aThAra, salya mithyAta ne eha / paMca hi Asrava chAMDa, saMvara paMca Adaryo e / / 6 / / guNa saraba chatrIse udArake, muni zobhatA e| gAma nagara parivAra, munisara vicaratA e / / 7 / / karatA dharmodyota, tIratha thApyo tihAM e / sthavira padavI bhAramalla, bhujarAja (bhAmAjI) muni jANi e / / 8 / / teha taNA ziSya doya, kezava dhanarAjajI e| pATa pahale zAha rUpasI, e lokAgaccha saradAra / / 6 / / jugandhara jANiye ziSya tehanA, bali tIna jasavanta muni khemasI e| tIjA tejasI dhAra, bandara khambhAta nA e // 10 // etAdika vistAra lokAgaccha nIkalyo e|......... -~-ekapAtariyA (potiyAbandha) gaccha paTTAvalI, aprakAzita /
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________________ 738 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 pUravadhArI muni namUM, zrI gautama prade deI, candanabAlA Adi dai, sAta sahasra munivara namUM, sAdhvI zata caude kahI, kevaladhara nara Iza / te mAMhe moTA namUM, zrI gautama ghara zIza || 4 || pUche jina adhikAra / cAlasI paMcama kAla ||5|| labdhi aThAvIsa dhAra / caudaha sahasaja araNagAra ||2|| sAdhvI sahasa chattIsa / zrI gautama ghara zIza ||3|| vAMdi vIra jiraNanda ne tuma zAsana keTalA lage, balatAM vIra jiraNanda kahe, suraNa gautama adhikAra / mujha zAsana Are paMcame, sahasra ikkIsa niradhAra ||6|| . prathama pATa nija vIra no, vipra sudharmA svAma / te pATe praraNamUM sadA, jambUdika araNagAra ||7|| pATa tIsare jAriNaye, prabhava svAmi juga indra / sayyaMbhava yazabhadrAdik, bhadrabAhu candragupta ||5|| devabhadra sthUlabhadra ke, arja suhasta giranta / varSa be sau pandraha huA, sthUlabhadra nirgrantha ||6|| cau zata copana varSa gaye, nikalyo digambara gaccha / nava sau varSa corAsiye, devaDDhi guru svaccha // 10 // pUraba jJAna viccheda gayo, dravya sUtra darasAta / ityAdika munivara namUM doya sahasra lakSa cAra // 11 // pATa zrI viradhamAna ne be hajAra ne cAra / eka bhava avatArI muni, gyAraha sola hajAra / / 12 / / sudharmAdika duprasaha muni, yUM hajAra be cAra / I zAsana varddhamAna no, teno kahUM vicAra ||13|| varSa gayA nava se sahI, vali caurAsI sAra / dravya sUtra lakhiyA tihAM, pUraba jJAna viccheda / / 14 / / varasa bAraha se pandraha gayA, vIrasena araNagAra / anazana gira vaibhAra meM dasa sahasra muni sAra ||15|| mAsa eka araNasaraNa huA, cintavyo sikha tihivAra / saMjama kima niravAha se, palase sAdhvAcAra / / 16 / karyo sugAla vihAra / pATa cautIsamo dhAra / / 17 / / kiyo saMthAro sAra / hiMsA dharma adhikAra ||18|| eka ziSya khaMdaka muni, mehelA surasena deza meM, meghadatta muni guru kane, abhayadevasUri huvo, thApyo
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________________ sAmAnya zrRtadhara kAla khaNDa 2 lokAzAha [ 736 dohA / DhAla kapUra hoya ati ujvalo re ||e deshii|| sakala manoratha pUravo re, cauvIsamo jinraaj| teha taraNA parasAda thI re, gAsU gaccha paTTAvalI Aja / / jinezvara tU mAre saratAja / / 1 / / vIra jiNanda ne pATavI re, sudharmA svAmI dhAra / te pATe jambU namUM re, ema doya hajAra ne cAra ||2||jine0 doya sahasra varase lage re, baiTho madhyama kAla / bAra varasI kAla tihAM paDyA re, nikalyA duSTi prAcAra / / 3 / / jine0 ema karatAM anukrama sUM re, samvat pandare ikatIsa / caitra buddha navamI jine re, prathama pahora jagIza / / 4 / / jine0 nakSatra vizAkhA jANiye re, dUjo muharata sIha / bhasmagraha tyAM re Utaro re, pragaTyo dharma abIha / / 5 / / jine0 puNyamayA gaccha jAriNaye re, aNihalapura re mAMya / Ananda vimala tihAM base re, posAladhArI jatI nAha / / 6 / / jine0 ziSya tehano muni khemasI re, dasamI kAla likhanta / dhammo maMgala prathama sahI re, adhyayana prathama bhaNanta / / 7 / / jine0 ema karatAM munivara tihAM re, khemasI ziSya araNagAra / pustaka tyAM likhiyA sahI re, Agama tyAM vyavahAra / lokAgaccha te jANiye re, nikalyA nau adhikAra / / 8 / / jine0 mAru maNDala jANiye re, zahara kharanTiyo tihAM / teha nagara no rAjavI re, yodhAvata nara nAha / / 6 / / jine0 durajanasiMha ye jAriNaye re, ratanasiMha kA pUta / sAta lAkha tene ghara meM re, ibhya nA ghara bharapUra / / 10 / / jine0 nagarI to varaNana achere, jahAM uvAi mAMya / rAjagRhI nagarI kahI re, zreNika nAmA rAya // 11 / / jine0 evI nagarI ihAM sahI re, pratyakSa paMcame kAla / dhannA sAlabhadra sArakhA re, base che tihAM dhanapAla / / 12 / / jine0 rAta divasa jANe nahIM re, kyAM Uge kyA asta / jagata vilAsa, tihAM kare re, jima kosAM thulabhadra / / 13 / / jine0 kharatara gaccha tihAM jANiye re, AcArajIyA soy|| tenAM zrAvaka tyAM che ghaNA re, mahatA jIvarAja lakhamasI joya / / 14 / / jine.
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________________ 740 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 jIva ajIva jANa sahI re, ityAdika navatatva / desamukhI te jANiye re, kAmadAra nA sUta / / 15 / / jine0 solaha se grAma tehane ghare, durajanasiMha narinda / tehanA hAkama jANiye re, mahatA jIvarAja lakhaminda / / 16 / / jineta ehavA avasara ne vikhe re, rAjabhava e asuvses|| tema karane pAMthI behU jaNA re, Ave gurajara desa / / 17 / / jine0 koI anyAya ja nAkha ne re, kAmadAra ne grahe savisesa / ghara sarve lUTi liyo re, kiyA nirdhana eha jI / / 18 / / jine0 behU jaNA besI tihAM re, kare bandhava vicAra / ApaNa jAsAM ke dise re, karavA varaNaja vyopAra / / 16 / / jine0 ityAdika sarva jANiye re, prathama DhAla e vizeSa / rikha rAyacanda jampe, je isyo re, kema hose dharma udyota jI / / 20 / / jine0 hAM re mArA gaNeza piyArA jina jI0 ||ddhaal 1 / / sUvidha jinezvara svAmI, mhaM to vAMdaM chaM siranAmI re / mhArA suvidha jinezvara janajI0 e deshii| lAkha joyaNa jambU pramANe, temAM bharata kSetra pradhAna re| mhArA suguraNa sanehI suraNIjyo / / 1 / / battIsa sahasra re deso, te me gUrjara khaNDa visesa re / / 2 / / mhA0 aNahilapura ehave nAme, tihAM base che punamiyA ThAme re / / 3 / / mhA0 ANandavimala ehave nAme, ve to posAladhArI tyAM hI re / / 4 / / mhA0 ziSya sAtha meM bahuterA, te to sAta seha tIsanI joDI re / / 5 / / mhA0 hemacandra munirAyA, sUtra dasamIkAlaka likho cha re / / 6 / / mhA0 ehavA re avasara mAMhI, desa mArumaNDala sAhI re / / 7 / / mhA0 karaMTakapurA ehave nAme, jIvarAja lakhamasI tyAhI re / / 8 / / mhA0 rAja no bhaya eha ati moTo, ApaNe kema bharasAM tanapeTo re / / 6 / / mhA0 ehavA bhayanA mAriyA, aAvyA araNahilapura be hU bhAI re // 10 // sehara nI racanA dekhI, U to mana meM vicAre ehavo re / / 11 / / mhA0 sehara bhaNo bahU moTo, dIse vaNaja vyApArI ne seTho re / / 12 / / mhA0 phiratA be hU bandhava anukrame, AvyA pUnamiyA gaccha nI posAle re / / 13 / / zithilakhAto tihAM dekhI, be hU bAndhava kare dharma vivekI re / / 14 / / mhA0 ziSya pAse tyAM jAI te be hU vandaraNA kare, sira namAI re / / 15 / / mhA0 prazna pUche be hU bhAI svAmI sUya, lakho cho ihAM I re / / 16 / / mhA0 khemasI muni prakAse, yA to dasamI kAlaka likhAM se re / / 17 / / mhA0
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 741 kiyo adhyayana ja svAmI, bole dhammo maMgala eha ve nAmI re / / 18 / / mhA0 joUM svAmI eha gAthA, tyAM re pustaka le hAtha pApyA re / / 16 / / mhA0 gAthA vAMcI mahate jIvarAje, U to aTa lakhI ne Ape re / / 20 / / mhA0 ziSya re akSara dIThA jAya, Anandavimala ne dIdhA re / / 21 / / mhA0 guru dekhI re akSara tehanA, guru pUche aiha akSara kehanA re // 22 // mhA0 valatA ziSya ema bole, nahIM koI lakhamasI tole re // 23 / / mhA0 I akSara lakhamasI kerA, rahe mArudesa mAM teha nA re / / 24 / / mhA0 prAcAraja kahe tume, ihAM zrAvaka ne lAo hama kane re / / 25 / / mhA0 sikha jAya lakhamasI pAse, tumheM gurujI bolAve ulhAse re / / 26 / / mhA0 bandhava jAe be hu guru pAse, vAnde mana khulAse re // 27 / / mhA0 guru dekhI tyAM pUche harakiyA, tumhAM kihAM baso cho paradesI re // 28 / mhA bandhava be hu ema bole, ame mArumaNDala sobhe re // 26 / / mhA0 kheraMTiyA nAme che eka zahara, ame basAM chAM tihAM gehere / / 30 / / mhA0 eka suNI guru bhAse, tuma pustaka lakho ama pAse re // 31 / / mhA0 pustaka lakhavA dIghA tyAM Apa hI hAtha meM lIdhA re / / 32 // mhA0 samvat pandaraha ekatrIse, caitra mAsa namI buddha divase re / / 33 / / mhA0 ugante prahe prabhAte, uttama muhurta vijayasiMha sAthe re / / 34 / / mhA0 nakSatra mRgA tene joge, dasamIkAlaka lakho teNI yoge re // 35 / / mhA0 dhammo maMgala ehave nAme, te to lakhe che tene ThAme re // 36 / / mhA0 sUtra nI valI bAtAM vAMcI, dIse. dayAmArga emAM sAMcI re / / 37 / / mhA0 ahiMsA dharmaja jo dIse, dasa vidha jati ise re / / 38 / / mhA0 ehavo re mana meM jANI, mahato lakhamasI ema bakhANI re // 36 / / mhA0 rikha rAyacanda ema bole, nahiM koya lakhamasI tole re / / 40 / / mhA0 bIjI DhAla ema bhAkhI, U to dayAdharma che sAkhI re // 41 / / mhA0 dUhA : zrI jina pAya praNamI ne bole, ima zrava vaina / kema kara dharma udyotase, zrI lokAgaccha ena / / 1 / / sAsananAyaka rUpa rikha, jIva rikha prasiddha / tasya pAya praNamI karI, tIjI DhAla karanta / / 2 / / re jIva ! mAna na kIjiye / / e dezI rAga malhAra / / taba tyAM lakhamasI cintave, kema kara pustaka lakhAya / ito lakhU chaM eha nA, te to sarva le jAya / / dayAdharma kima cAlase, kema taravA no upAya / / 1 // ta0
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________________ 742 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 mana meM ehavo cintavI, pahuMtA nagaramajhAra / ehavo koI zrImanta che, dayA dharma calAya / / 2 / / ta0 jotAM jotAM sAha rUpasI araNahillapura ne mAMya / nagara seTha tihAM base, sAha rUpasI sujANa / / 3 / / ta0 lakhamasI jAI tema ne malyA, bolyA dekhI seTha / kihAM baso cho tumheM ihAM, kauna tumhAro dharma ne ThAma / / 4 / / ta0 kuraNa tumhArI sAkha che, kuraNa tumhArI jAta / valatA lakhamasI ima boliyA, bIsA zrImAlI amArI sAkha / / 5 / / ta0 jiNadharamI gaccha khaDatarA, mahatA amArI jAta / mArudeza e maiM rahaUM, sahara kharanTiyAvAsa / / 6 / / ta0 kiNa kAraja prAviyA ihAM, koya bepAra ne kAma / valatA lakhamasI ema vInave, amAre dharma no kAma // 7 // ta0 dharmakArya kiso kaho, pUche rUpasI em| valatA lakhamasI ima kahe, eha to dharma nUM kAma / / 8 / / ta0 dayAdharma jina bhAkhiyo, to zrI jina varddhamAna / te dharma sarva uthApane, hiMsyA dharma calAya / / 6 / / ta0 ema suNI ne bUjhyA rUpasI, dhAryo samakita dRDDha / lakhamasI ema tyAM boliyA, pustaka ne dravya bahu didha // 10 // ta0 dharma kAraja pustaka taNUM, bhAkhe lakhamasI ema / mujha pAse jo dravya hove, pustaka sarva lakhAya / / 11 / / ta0 dravya dIdho baha rUpasI, karo tame uttama kAma / ko to bahu tuma sAthe deU, te to lakhavA ne kAma / / 12 / / ta0 dravya lahI mahato lakhamasI, behaThA lakhavA kaaj| ye dasamIkAlaka prAde daI, sUtra battIse utAra / / 13 / / ta0 sUtra lakhI Ananda vimala nA, pAchA teha ne dIdha / Apa lakhyA mehate lakhamasI, seTha rUpasI ne dIdha // 14 // ta0 rUpasI tyAM dekhI karI, prache lakhamasI ne em| abe koI adhUro jo huve, to tama lakho bhava jIva / / 15 / / ta0 have to pAche ko nahIM, sUtra battIsa che eha / dayAdharma eha mAMhe, ura dIse che mo lAha // 16 // ta0 suNa ne seTha tihAM rUpasI, pUche lakhamasI ema / sUtra lakhA mehato ghaNA, paNa nahIM artha nI gama / / 17 // ta0
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________________ lokAzAha rUpasI lakhama sAthe laI, gayA prANanda vimala ne pAsa / ye ekAnte pUche tihAM, sUtra artha suNAva / / 18 / / ta0 jAya ekAnta baiThA ti hUM, ANanda vimala prasiddha / dasamI kAlaka zrAde daI, artha pATha kahiya // 16 // / ta0 pATha suraNa - suraNa ne tihAM, be hu kare vicAra / ma dharma ko re thApiye, bole rUpasI pAsa ||20|| ta0 tripoliyA para besa ne, kare upadeza apAra / prathama vANI bhAkhI tihAM, sAta se ghara zrAvaka dhAra / / 21 / / ta0 ema kari dharma parUpiyo, bUjhA keI nara nAri / ehavA avasara meM pragaTaU dillI saMgha gurjara makAra / / 22 / / ta0 sAmAnya zrutavara kAla khaNDa 2 ] riyalapura pATaNa viSe, nikalyA mAraga sAra / / 23 / / ta0 teha taraNAM khajAnacI, (khajAnathI) bhAmo ne bhAramalla / khetasI jagarUpa jANiye, DUMgara ne megharAja / / 24 / / ta0 pahale dali thakI te nIsaryA, AvyA praNiyalapura mAMhi / lakhamasi sAha ne tyAM malyA, dayA dharma suha / / 25 / / ta0 sAMbhalI vayaNa lakhamasi taNAM, samakita sahu sudha kIdha / prathama bhAmosA. bhAramalla, suNiya lakhamasi vairaNa ||26|| ta0 saMjama suM mana ANi dayA dharma prasiddha / 7 sudha samakita dRr3ha tyAM thaI, karatA uttama kAma ||27|| ehavA avasara ne viSe, sUrata saMgha taba prAya / / 28 / / ta0 saMghapati sAthai sahi, sAha jIvarAja e nAma / cAra lAkha saMgha sAtha sU, Avyo pATaNa sahara / / 26 / / ta0 saMghapati bAhare utaryA, sAthe manuSya apAra / deva guru ne pUjavA, gayA zahara majhAra // 30 // ta0 prathama jAtrA teNe karI, paMcAsariyo pArasanAtha / Ananda vimala ne vAMdavA, cAlyA tiha mana ulhAsa ||31|| ta0 deva guru ne bAMdane jI, saMgha ne mAMhe taba tAMsa lokAgaccha zrAvaka malyA, sAha jIvarAja ne pAsa ||32|| ta0 lokAgaccha nA zrAvakA, saMghapati ne pAsa / teM eraNI gAMva meM kehane pUjiyA, kuraNa bAMdyA gurudeva ||33|| ta0 valI saMghapati kahe, vo pUjyA pArasanAtha / Ananda vimala ne vAMdiyA, sIjhyA mana vAMchita kAja || 34 / / ta0 [ 743
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________________ 744 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 koIka kotaka tumheM sAMbhalo, aNiyalapUra ne mAMhi / mehato lakhamasI ihAM base, suddha dharama se dhIra re / / 35 / / ta0 ehavA vacana zrAvaka taNAM, suraNa ne sAha jiivraaj| valato zrAvaka ne kahe, e puruSa mujha ne dekhAr3a // 36 // ta0 zrAvaka loMkAgaccha no, leI ne saMgha ne saath| lakhamasI mehatA pAse gayA, sIjhyA vaMchita kAja / / 37 / / ta0 saMghapati jIvarAja ne, dayA dharama suNAya / ehavA vacana sAMbhalI, harSita huvo apAra / / 38 / / ta0 samakita tAM teNe Adaryo, saMjama lehavA no bhAva / ihAM jo dIkSA hUM laUM, to mohe Thuuge loga / / 3 / / saMgha jAtarA sarva karI, jAye ApaNa geha / AjJA mAMgI kuTumba nI, lesUsaMjama yoga // 40 // ta0 saMghajAtarA karI ghaNI, pAvyA sUrata mAMhi / haripuro tyAM jANiye, sAha jIvarAja nA tyAM mohola / / 41 / / ta0 zAha jIvarAja pAvyA tihAM, dI sarva saMgha ne sIkha / strI putra ne ema kahe, lesyUsaMjama bhAra // 42 / / ta0 lAkha battIsa sovana tajyo, astrI sAta sahi suvizeSa / paMca putra te jANiye, pratyakSa devakumAra // 43 / / ta0 e ityAdika sarva Rddha ne, tajatAM na lAgI vAra / AjJA mAMgI sarva nI, AvyA pATaNa mAMhi / / 44 / / ta0 jIvarAja seTha rUpasI, maliyA ekaTha tyAMha / rUpasI sAha nA bahanoI huve, sAha jIvarAja dhAra / / 45 / / ta0 dharma carcA tyAM bahU kare, mujha ne saMjama no bhAva / prAjJA mA~gI sarva nI, hUM Avyo tama pAsa / / 46 / / ta0 ema kahe zAha rUpasI, hUM saMjama sUaba mana lAga / jaNiye saMtAlIsa jANiye, sAha bhAmo ne bhAramalla // 47 / / ta0 tera bakhANa, baMciyA, sAha lakhamasI jANa / sUtra upadeza tihAM suNI, bUjhyA jaNa pastAlIsa / / 48 / / ta0 DhAladesI trIjI bhaNI, muni rAyacanda sujANa / dayA dharma kaise hI cAlasI, teha nA karU re bakhANa / / 46 / / ta0
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 745 dUhA : vANI suNI sAha lakhamasI, jaNA pastAlIsa sAtha / bhAmosA Ade keI jaNe, lIdho saMjama bhAra // 1 // bAta abe eka e cha, pratyakSa paMcame kAla / zrI mahAvIra jiNanda nA, pATa cautIsa majhAra / / 2 // . DhAla dhanA shrii| zatrujA Upara rAjA bharata nI desii| nagarI vanitA no rAya, bharata nRpa jANiye / bhAmo ne bhAramalla ke, saMjama Adare eha / / manavAMchita sukhakAra saphala phalI mujha AsaDiye // 1 // samvat pandrA nara sujANa, barasa ekatrIso bhalo e / mAsa baisAkha sujANa, sukala pakSa Ujalo e / / 2 // dina igyArasa jANa, guruvAra nakSatra anurAdhA e| pohara bIjo tasa, nAma moharata aSTamo e / / 3 / / zubha lagana zubha vAra saMjama muni AdarayA e| sAha rUpasI Adi dai, pastAlIsa jaNA e // 4 / / paMca mahAvrata sAra, sumata gupata pAratA e|| nava vidha dhAra brahmacarya, jati dharma dasa vidha e // 5 / / TAle pApa aThAra, salya mithyAta ne eh| .. paMca hi Asrava chAMDa, saMvara paMca AdaryA e // 6 // guNa sarava chatrIse udArake, muni zobhatA e| gAma nagara parivAra, munisara vicaratA e||7|| karatA dharmodyota, tIratha thApyo tihAM e| sthavira padavI bhAramalla, bhujarAja bhAmAjI muni jANi e // 8 // teha taNA ziSya doya, kezava dhanarAjajI e| pATa pahale zAha rUpasI, e lokAgaccha saradAra // 6 // jugandhara jAriNaye ziSya teha nA, vali tIna jasavanta muni khemasI e / tIjA tejasI dhAra, bandara khambhAta nA e / / 10 / / etAdika vistAra lokAgaccha nIkalyo e| muni dhanarAja jogendra, mAlava deze gayA e // 11 / / zahara burahANapurI jANa, agaravAla bANiyA e| seTha muhanacandra putra rAmajI zAha che e // 12 / / samvat 1536 meM, teha ne bujhaya vyA e| sUtra dazAzrutakhandhajANa, adhyayana te paMcame e // 13 / /
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________________ 746 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 zrI munivara dhanarAja, ka seTha rAmajI ne bUjhavyA e| samvat panarA chattIsa, mAsa phAgaNa budI e // 14 / / saptamI dina paradhAna ke, vAra soma jANiye / prathama pahara ugante, muhUrta tIsaro e // 15 // haraNI nakSatra yoga 2, saMjaya muni Adaryo e / lAkha sovana va tIna, putra paMcu tajyA e / / 16 / / astrI besukumAla, apacharA sArakhI e| tajI ityAdika riddha, saMjama muni Adaryo e // 17 // sUtra siddhAnta aneka, guru pAse bhaNI e| le AjJA guru pAsa, juyA muni vicaratAM e / / 18 / / anukrame munirAya, mArudeza AviyA e| kavirAya canda sujANa, tavana tehano kare e / / 16 / / DhAla cauthI nI e dezI, prathama muni e kahIe // 20 // dUhA ziSya munivara dhanarAja nA, jema gautama jinavIra / te ima loMkAgaccha mAMhI, che zrI dhanarAja prasiddha / / 1 / / prathama pATa dhanarAjajI, tasya ziSya rAmajI jAraNa / pATa muni dhanarAja no, I bIjo avadhAra // 2 // prathama gaNadhara jJAna ke, kriyA karI bharapura / paMca mahAvrata pAlatA, sumata gupata bharapUra / / 3 / / paMca sumiti gupti tihuM, nava vidha brhmcaar| ityAdika Ade dai, guNa sattAvIsa sAra / / 4 / / . sakala guNe karI zobhatA, jema dhano meghakumAra / teNe saMjama pAlyo, tisyo e muni paMcame kAla / / 5 / / dezI AsyAurI tarja phAga / / anukrame munivara vicaratA, mArudeza majhAra re| zrI ekapura nAme nagara, mAM phulyavAr3I udyAna re / / anukrame munivara vicaratA // 1 // samvat panare varasa jANiye aDatAlIso sata sAra re / caitra mAsa zakla pakSa meM, ekAdazI dina sAra re / / 2 / / a0
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________________ 747 sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha . [ ityAdika zubha yoga sU, AvyA munIndra tihiM Thaura / hara diyo tahAM, ye samosaraNa ThAyo re // 3 // a0 AvI samosaraNa tihAM kiyo, suriNayo nagara meM nara narInda / saMgha malI ne jAya vAMdavA, tahAM suNiU mahatA varddhamAna re // 4 // a0 teha nagara no rAjavI, kUpAvata jAta rAThoDo re| udayasiMha nRpa jANiye re, mahatA zrI varddhamAno re // 5 / / a0 teNI same baiTho gokha meM, ekaraNa dise loka bahu jAve re| tI I kasyo kAraNa ihAM, koI deva vAMdaNa ne jAve re // 6 // a0 pUchai tihAM rAjA sahI, mahatA varddhamAna pAse re| itanA manuSya jAve kihAM, te ekaNa diza nara nAriyo re / / 7 / / a0 mahato varddhamAna boliyo, koI dIse chai uttama kAmo re| rAja mujha ne khabara to ko nahIM, jAUM hUM teha nI pAse re / / 8 / / a0 rAjA ne mujaro karI, tihAM mahato varddhamAna jI sidhAyA re| adhika senA ADambara karI senA cAra prakAra nI sAthe re // 6 / / a0 e haya gaya ratha sAthe lahI, jima jAve zreNika rAjA re| vIra vAMdaraNa ne jAve tihAM tima mahatA varddhamAno re // 10 // a0 phalabAr3I udyAna meM rikha rAmajI tyAM dIkhyA re|| haya thakI heThA UtarI, paMca abhigama ne sAMcavI bAMdyA munivara tyAMhI re // 11 // a0 munivara parakhadA joI karI, uttarAdhyayana ugaNIsamoM adhyAyo re| mRgAputra ehave nAme sahI, saMbhalAvyo muni tyAM hI re // 12 // a0 sAMbhalI mahato varddhamAnajI, tene jANyo athira saMsAro re| guru ne vAMdI bole tihAM, sAmI mujha ne saMjama AdarAo re // 13 / / a0 guru nA caraNa kamala namI mahato gayo nagara majhAro re / rAjendra ne jAya vonave, e to RSi rAmajI munirAyo re // 14 / / a0 . ehavA vacana nRpa sAMbhalI mana huyo harSa apAro re| rAjendra vAMdavA jAiye, e muni mukti dAtAro re / / 15 / / a0 jo kUNika nRpa jANiye ema gayA rAjendra tyAM ho re / cAra prakAra senyA sajI, rikha rAmajI bAMdavA kAmo re // 16 // a0 etAdika sarva jANiye, rAya gayA vaMdaraNa ne tyAM hI re| paMca abhigamana sAMcavI, je mahato varddhamAno re / / 17 / / a0 guru nA caraNa kamala namI, saMbhalAvyo muni e uttarAdhyayano e| adhyayana aThAramo jAriNaye, saMjati rAya RSi no re / / 18 / / pra0
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________________ 748 [ J guru upadeza tyAM sAMbhalI bAra vrata zrAvaka nA lIdhA re / rAjendra nagara viSe gayA, pohatA Apa mahala ThAmo re / / 16 / / a0 RSi rAyacandra ema vInave, tIjI dezI asAurI phAge re / cauthI dezI bhavI sAMbhalo, Agala bhAva rasAlo re // 20 // zra0 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 hA prathama deza mArU viSe, zahara siriyArI mAMhe / dharma udyota tihAM karyo, mahato zrI varddhamAna || 1 || lokAgaccha jaga prakaTyo, rikha rAmajI guraNavanta / dharmo tihAM kare, desI cauthI prasiddha // 2 // jima nemanAtha rAjula tajI, ima mahato varddhamAna / strI ATha paraNI hatI, navamI paraNavA kAma ||3|| lagana diyo che sAsare, kesara de sukumAla / te nava dina che thAkatA, pararaNavA mahatA kAja ||4|| kotaka prAre paMca jisa dIse sAlIkumAra | eka-eka dina-dina taje, ima tyAgI turata kAla ||5|| adhika vistAra che tehano, cauthI DhAla majhAra / munirAyacanda jaMpe iso, kema lese saMjama bhAra ||6|| DhAla cauthI dezI tihuM ko adhivRraNAma cauthI dezI mAMhI che te suNajo nara nAro || DhAla cAra / dezI TIToDI TikA kare e dezI / mahato zrI varddhamAnajI se, karake sAsara vAso suvicArI re / saMjama sumana bhAvaU re lAla / / 1 / / AbhUSaNa bahu bhana nA re, kanaka sundara cUr3A sAra / sUvicArI re saMjaya e prakaraNI / pAya jhAMjhara bahu bhAMta nA re, naya ne hAra aneka / / su0 sa0 1 / / kesara bAI ne levA cAliyA re lAla, mahatozrI vardhamAna || su0 sa 0 . 2 / / sAsUjI kA suNI re, AvyA bAta kararaNa ne tyAMha | ghUMghaTA ne pragho karI re lAla, UbhI jyAM mahato varddhamAna ||su0 sa0 3|| koNa kAraNa yAvyA tumheM re, lAja nahIM eNe ThAma / bolyAM tyAM mahato vardhamAnajI re lAla, ame lesUM saMjama bhAra ||su0sa0 4 / /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 746 sAsara vAso karavA bharaNI re, ame AvyA eNe ThAma / gharaNA javAba kIdhA tihAM re lAla, tajiyo sAsaravAsa ||suu0s05|| lokAzAha ke sambandha meM digambarAcArya ratnanandi ke vicAra digambarAcArya ratnanandi ne vi0 saM0 1625 kI apanI "bhadrabAhu caritra" nAmaka kRti meM apanI kalpanA ke bala para ati kaTu AlocanA ke sAtha arddhaphAlaka athavA yApanIya evaM zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti kA vivaraNa prastuta karane ke pazcAt loMkAzAha ke vaMza, janmasthAna, unakI mAnyatAoM evaM unase luMkAmata kI utpatti para ati saMkSepa meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM apanA abhimata prakaTa kiyA hai : zvetAMzukamatAdeva, matabhedAH zubhAtigAH / ahaMkRtivazAtkecitkecitsvAcaraNAzrayAt // 155 / / svasvAzrayabhidA kecitkeciduSkarsapAkataH / tato babhUvurbhUyAMso, mithyAmohamalImasAt // 156 / / mRte vikramabhUpAle, saptaviMzatisaMyute / / di.1527 dazapaMcazate'bdAnAmatIte zruNutAparam / / 157 / / luMkAmatamabhUdekaM, lopakaM dharmakarmaNaH / deze'tra gaurjare khyAte, vidvattAjitanirjare // 158 / / aNahillapattane ramye, prAgvATakulajo'bhavat / luMkAbhidho mahAmAnI, zvetAzukamatAzrayI // 156 / / duSTAtmA duSTabhAvena, kupitaH pApamaNDitaH / tIvramithyAtvapAkena, luMkAmatamakalpayat / / 160 / / tadAtivelaM bhUpAya:, pUjitA mAnitAzca taiH / dhRtaM digvAsasA rUpamAcAraH sitavAsasAm // 153 / / guruzikSAtigaM liMgaM, naTavad bhaNDimAspadam / tato yApanasaMgho'bhUtteSAM kApathavartinAm / / 154 / / dhRtAni zvetavAsAMsi, taddinAtsamajAyata / zvetAmbaramataM khyAtaM, tato'rddhaphAlakamatAt / / 54 / / mRte vikramabhUpAle, TtriMzadadhike zate / gate'ndAnAmabhUlloke, mataM zvetAmbarAbhidham // 55 / / -bhadrabAhucaritra, prA. ratnanandi, pariccheda 4
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________________ 750 ] [ jaina dhama kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 surendrArcA jinendrArcA, tatpUjAdAnamuttamam / samutthApya sa pApAtmA, pratIpo jinasUtrataH / / 161 / / tanmate'pi ca bhUyAMso, matabhedA samAzritAH / kalikAlabalaM prApya, duSTAH kiM ki na kurvataH / / 162 / / bahudhA durmatairevaM, mohAndhatamasAvRtaH / jinokta mUlamArgo'sau, nirmala: samalIkRtaH / / 163 / / arthAt- naTatulya hAsyAspada arddhaphAlaka veSadhara yApanIya mata se zvetAmbara mata kA prAdurbhAva huaa| mithyAtva-mohanIya ke mala se malina zvetAmbara mata se bhI kucha to ahaMkAra, kucha apanI-apanI pRthak-pRthak samAcArI, katipaya apane-apane haThapUrNa matAgraha aura katipaya pUrvopArjita ghora duSkarma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa, aneka prakAra ke vighaTanakArI bhedaprabhedaparaka mata utpanna hue| tadanantara vi0 saM0 1527 meM dharmakAryoM ko vilupta kara dene vAlA lukAmata ke nAma se eka mata prakaTa huaa| vidvattA ke liye vikhyAta gurjara pradeza ke anahillapura pattana nAmaka sundara nagara meM zvetAmbara matAvalambI lukA nAmaka eka mahAbhimAnI kA prAgvATa (poravAla) vaMza meM janma huaa| pApapuMja usa duSTAtmA lukA ne tIvra mithyAtva ke udaya se kopAbhibhUta ho duSTatApUrNa bhAvanA ke sAtha luMkAmata ko janma diyaa| devoM ke rAjA indra aura jinezvara bhagavAn kI arcA-pUjA aura uttama dAna kI utthApanA kara vaha pApI jaina sUtroM-jainAgamoM kA virodhI bana gyaa| usa luMkA ke lukAmata meM bhI Age calakara aneka prakAra ke matabheda utpanna hue| kalikAla ke bala ko pAkara duSTa loga kyA-kyA anartha nahIM kara baiThate / isa prakAra mohajanya pragAr3ha ajJAnAndhakAra se Acchanna durbuddhi vAle una logoM ne jinendra prabhu dvArA pradarzita jainadharma ke nirmala-vizuddha mUla mArga ko malinavikRta kara diyaa| ina uddharaNoM se yahAM hameM yaha batAnA abhipreta nahIM ki AcArya jaise mahanIya mahatvapUrNa pada para adhiSThita vidvAna granthakAra dvArA apane virodhiyoM ke viruddha prayukta kI gaI bhASA isa bAta kA svataHsiddha akATya pramANa hai ki vikrama kI solahavIMsatrahavIM zatAbdI meM jaina saMgha pArasparika kalaha, vaimanasya, durbhAva, matAgraha aura dhArmika asahiSNutA kI krIr3AsthalI bana gayA thaa| yahAM to kevala itanA hI batAnA abhipreta hai ki AcAryazrI ratnanandi ke abhimatAnusAra lokAzAha kA janma anahilapurapattana ke prAgvATa vaMza meM huA aura loMkAzAha ne luMkAmata ko pracalita karate hue mUrtipUjA aura uttama dAna kA virodha kiyaa| lokAzAha ne sAmAyika, pratikramaNa pauSadha Adi kA virodha kiyA ho, isa prakAra kA koI ullekha A0 zrI ratnanandi ne apanI upari nAmAMkita kRti meM kahIM nahIM kiyA hai|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokazAha [ 751 jahAM taka mUrtipUjA kA prazna hai, loMkAzAha ke 13 praznoM evaM 58 boloM Adi se sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki unhoMne sarvajJapraNIta AgamoM evaM prAgamottarakAlIna niryukti, vRtti, bhASya, cUriNa Adi ke samIcInatayA AloDana viloDana ke anantara Agamika uddharaNoM ke prastutikaraNa ke sAtha mUrtipUjA ko anAgamika - prazAstrIya siddha karate hue mUrtipUjA kA DaTa kara virodha kiyA / kintu loMkAzAha ke 58 boloM evaM 13 praznoM Adi meM kahIM koI eka bhI aisA zabda nahIM, jisase koI yaha kahane kA dussAhasa kara sake ki lokAzAha ne sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, pauSadha, dAna Adi satkAryoM kA kabhI kahIM nAmamAtra ke lie bhI virodha kiyA ho / AcArya ratnanandi ne uparyuddhata zloka saM0 161 meM likhA hai ki luMkA ne jinendra prabhu kI arcA ke sAtha-sAtha surendra - arthAt devatAoM ke indra kI arcA kA bhI virodha kiyA / jainAgamoM meM, jaina saMskRti meM indra kI pUjA ke lie to kahIM koI sthAna hI nahIM hone ke kAraNa loMkAzAha ne surendrArcA ke sambandha meM eka bhI zabda nahIM kahA hai / isase yaha bhI tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki virodhiyoM kA khaNDana karate samaya pUrvakAlIna prAcAryoM dvArA bhI kevala virodha ke nAma para AdhArahIna bAtoM kA bhI ullekha kara diyA jAtA thA / lokAzAha ke virodha meM likhane vAle vidvAnoM ke dvArA kiye gaye ullekhoM meM sthAna-sthAna para isa prakAra ke tathyoM kI anadekhI dRSTigocara hotI hai / 1 lokazAha ke jIvana ke katipaya vivAdAspada pahaluoM para paryAptarUpeNa vizada prakAza DAlane vAle do prAcIna patra Aja se lagabhaga pacapana chappana varSa pUrva lIMbar3I moTA upAzraya sampradAya ke maMgalajI svAmI ke ziSya munizrI kRSNajI svAmI ko kaccha meM nAnI pakSa ke yati gorajI zrI sundarajI ke pAsa dekhane ko mile / ve do patra kalpasUtra kI eka prAcIna vikrama kI satrahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa kI prati ke anta meM saMlagna the / tapAgacchIya yati nAyaka vijaya ke ziSya kAMtivijaya dvArA ve do patra pATaNa nagara meM samvat 1636 kI basanta paMcamI ke dina likhe gaye the / isa prakAra kA spaSTa ullekha una donoM patroM ke anta meM svayaM lipikartA dvArA kiyA gayA thA / yati zrI sundarajI kI anumati prApta kara zrIkRSNajI svAmI ne una donoM patroM kI pratilipi taiyAra kara apane pAsa rakhalI / *" kAlAntara meM una donoM patroM kI pratilipi "jaina dharma no prAcIna saMkSipta itihAsa" nAmaka aitihAsika kRti ke lekhaka munizrI maNilAlajI ko zrIkRSNajI svAmI ne preSita kii| una donoM patroM kI pratilipi kA upayoga evaM akSaraza: ullekha lIMbar3I saMghavI upAzraya ke pUjya zrI mohanalAlajI svAmI ke ziSya munizrI maNilAlajI mahArAja ne apanI ukta aitihAsika kRti meM kiyA hai / lokAzAha ke jIvana para navIna evaM mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlane vAle una do prAcIna patroM kI pratilipi isa prakAra hai :
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________________ 752 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 "atha loMkAzAha ne jIvana pA mahAtmA no janma arahaTavAr3A nA prosavAla gRhastha codharI aTakanA zeTha hemAbhAI nI pavitra pativrataparAyaNA bhAryA gaMgAbAI kI kukSi thI samvat caudavyAsI (vi0 saM0 1472 honA cAhie) nA kArtikazudI pUnama ne divase thayo hto| ane paMdarameM varSe samvat 1467 (saM0 1487 honA cAhiye) nA mAgha mAsa mAM yauvana prApta thaye mAtA pitAe zIrohI zaheranA zAha aodhavajI nI putrI bAI sudarzanA sAthe temano vivAha karyo hto| temane eka putra pUnamacanda nAme thayo hto| lokAzAha nI vartaNuka nItivAlI hatI / vyasana rahita htaa| mAtA pitA nI AjJA game tevI kAThinya hoya to paNa tatkAla uThAvatA hatA / vairAgyavAlA pustako vAMcatA htaa| dararoja tezro samAdhi mAM dhyAna dharatA htaa| dhArmika kAryo karavA mAM utsAha dharAvatA htaa| paraNyAM pachI paNa ghaNI vakhata ekAnta mAM vicAratA ke he jIva ! saMsAranA padArtho sthira nathI / kSaNa kSaNa mAM aneka rUpe pharyA kare ch| paryAyo badalAyA kare che / are caitanya ! tArA dekhatAM pA saMsAre pazu pakSIpro ane manuSyo vagaire nA pheraphAra pAmato vAraMvAra jovAmAM Ave che / A mAM tArU koNa che, tUM kono che, ane tArI sAthe zu pAvaze teno svayameva thI vicAra kara / viSaya kaSAya nI jvAlA mAM valatA AtmA ne bacAvavA mATe eka vItarAgapraNIta dharmaja che / loMkAzAha nI buddhi ghaNI nirmalI htii| temanA akSaro ghaNAMja sundara htaa| potAnA vatana mAM thI amadAbAda mAM AvI nANAvaTI no dhaMdho karatA htaa| temAM eka divasa mahaMmadazAha bAdazAha thI aolakhANa thatAM mahaMmadazAhe jANyu ke A lokAzAha to pakSapAta rahita cha / tethI tene pATaNa nA tejerIdAranI jagyAe nimavA lAyaka dhArI nImI dIdhA / bAdazAha potAnA mitra tarIke gaNatA htaa| jethI tene pAchA saMvat pannara eka mAM amadAbAda mAM tejurIdAra nI jagyA upara pATaNa thI bolAvI lIdhA / rAja darabAra mAM tenuM ghaNuM mAna htu| daramyAna paMdara seM ne sAta nI sAla mAM je vakhate mahaMmada zAhe DarI ne dIva baMdara nAsI javAnunakkI kayu te bAta temanA dIkarA jamAlakhAM nAM jANavA mAM prAvatAM jhera apAvI potAnA bApa ne mArI nakhAvyo ane potAnu nAma badalI kutubadIna zAha nAma thI takhta Upara beTho / pA anartha jAMNI lokAzAha ne vizeSa vairAgya bdhyo| A saMsAra mAM zarIrAdi saMyoga sarva kSaNika cha / paNa dekhavA mAM jAhira dRSTi thI sundara lAge cha / parantu antara mAM atyaMta duHkhadAyaka cha / putra, putrI ke kalatra upara moha rAkhavo e kevala ajJAna cha / AvA vicAro karI potAnAM saMbaMdhI varga nI anumati melavI pATaNa prAvI saMvat paMdara nava nAM zrAvaNa zudi agIyArasa ne zukravAre zubha yoga zubha nakSatra mAM prathama prahare dvitIya caughar3Iye yatizrIjI sumativijayajI mahArAja nI pAse yatipaNAM nI dIkSA svIkArI ane guru mahArAje zrI lakSmIvijayajI nAma ApyupaNa jagatavAsI loko temane lokAzAha nA nAma thI bolAvatA htaa| e samaya mAM yati varga nI pranAlIkA maryAdA zAstrokta viruddhapaNe pravartatI htii| zrI sumati vijaya yatijI nA vakhata mAM
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________________ sAmAnya zru tadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 753 Thera Thera zrIpujyo char3I, cAmara, chatra sAthe pAlakhI myAnAdi vAhano mAM besI mojamajA mANatA htaa| zrAvaka nA ghare ghara pagalA karAvatA hatA, navAMgI pUjA paNa karAvatA hatA ane paisA paNa letA hatA / rAjA mahArAjAo ne jyotiSa, vaidaka, maMtrAdi karI ApI raMjana karI char3I chatrAdi letA htaa| rAjakacerI mAM besatA paNa hatA valI paisA Ape te lai letA htaa| potAnA nAmanA upAzraya baMdhAvI kalama tor3I mAMhI rahatA htaa| lokAzAha yatijI thayAM pachI siddhAnta nu avalokana karavA lAgyA / temane sUtrajJAna ghaNu vizAla thayuM / temanI nirmala mati zrI vIra paramAtmA nI vANI nAM pavitra prAzaya ne pAmI gii| potA nAM jJAna cakSu ughaDyA, zrI vIra bhASita aNagAra dharma ane A samaya nA yativarga nI pravattie bane vacce jamIna AsamAna jeTalu antara jnnaayu| yati loko utsUtra nI prarUpaNAM karatA hatA valI- digambara ne zvetAmbara A baMne nI mUrti mAM taphAvata ane prabhu nA nAme thato prArambha pAkho jainasamAja no gatipravAha ulaTI dizA mAM vaheto joI temanu aMtaHkaraNa jagata nAM jIvo upara dayAtmaka bhAva thI jovA lAgyaM / temanAM hRdaya mAM prabala preraNA thaI / tethI lokAzAha nIDarapaNe jAhera mAM upadeza prApavA lAgyA / satya mAM khAsa bhAvika rIte rahelA adbhut AkarSaNa zakti nA prabhAva thI temanAM bhakto nI saMkhyA pratidina badhavA laagii| siddhapura pATaNa vagaire mAM vicarI lAkhoM jIvoM no uddhAra karyo / eka vakhata saMvat pannara ekatIsa mAM keTalAeka yatiyo sahita zrI amadAbAda jhaverIvAr3a mAM cAturamAsa rhyaa| temanA sadupadeza nI asara thI keTalA eka yatipaNuM mukI ne jaina zAstrAnusAra araNagAra paNAM nI tatparatA batAvI / te thI lokAzAhajI paraNa punaH cAritra dhAraNa karI aNagAra ne gRhastha nAM baMne dharmo samajhAvavA lAgyA / iti lakhItaM tapa gaccha nA yati nAyakavijaya nA ziSya kAMtivijaya / pATaNa nagare saMvat 1636 nI vasaMta paMcamI e| aima lakhelu hatuM te pramANe utAro ko cha / " lokAzAha ne zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI aura ve hI loMkAgaccha apara nAma "jinamatI" gaccha ke prathama AcArya the, isa sambandha meM prAcIna tathA arvAcIna paTTAvaliyoM evaM patroM meM jo katipaya ullekha jaina vAMgmaya ke AloDana se prakAza meM Aye haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. samata panare ne ar3atAMsa (ar3atIsa) rI sAla mIgasara suda pAMcama ne dine amadAbAda vAlA lUkAjI daphatarI pINa dISyA liidhii| pAMca celA la~kAjI ne huvA / luMkA nAma thpiiyaa| 1. jaina dharma no prAcIna saMkSipta itihAsa ane prabhu vIra paTTAvalI (lekhaka muni zrI maNilAlajI mahArAja) pRSTha 161, 162 / /
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________________ 754 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 . tiNarI yAda-lukAjI dISyA lInI tiNaro paripAra ghaNo bdhiyo| tiNa ro lukA nAma thapIyo chai aura lukAjI gujarAta, mAravAra aura dillI taka padhAriyA / aura dillI mAMheM pAtazAha Agala caracA thapI / zrIpUjajI tUM lUkAjI re caracA huI karI ne ghaNo mIthyAta haTAvI ne ghaNAM zrAvakoM ne pratibodha diidho| enI sAkha sUrata nA seThajI kalyANajI bhaMsAlI nA bhaNDAramA paTTAvalI saMskRta mAM cha / temAM lUMkAjI nI dISyA nI hakIkata cha / tathA jJAnasAgara jatI nI jor3a no graMtha nATaka temAM paNa lUMkAjIe dISyA lIdhI no laSyUM chai / dayA dharma no udIyota ghaNo thayo / desa-desa meM gAMva nagara meM dayA dharma nI parUpaNAM ghaNI bdhii| ghaNAM nA moha mIthyAta kaaddh'iyaa| ghaNAM ne dayA dharma mAM praanniyaa| aisI jaina mAraga nI mahimA deSI ne panareseha battIse nI sAla mAM sAdhugrAM nI mahimA Agale jatIyo no jora bahu kama parIyo / tIvAre jatiyAM vicAra kariyo ke ApaNo mata cAlasI nahIM / ............ / " 1 2. ............saMgha 152 sA mATA pATaNa mAM aAvyA, varSArathe nIla phula ugI, samvat 1428 (1528 honA cAhiye) mAM pATaNa mAM derA dekha sthAna joI rIhyA ta e dIvasanI game nahIM tarA luMko lahyo siddhAnta 32 lakhI becI aura pUrNA kare che te pAse 152 saMdhavI jaine 32 sUtra sAMbhalyA, tare saMdhavI 152 ne puchu ke he lakA lahyA ! bhagavanta ne 1 lAkha 56 hajAra zrAvaka thayA, temAM moTA 12 vratadhArI 10 te ekAvatArI, tenu sUtra racuM teNe keNe, saMgha na kADho, deru na karAvyu, pratimA na pUjI / teno pATha upAsakadazAMga mAM kema nAvyo / te pratimA to juThI mATe, amArA paisA saMgha kADhA nA kharAba karyA, gADAMnA pair3A heThe aneka jIva marA mATe, AjIvaka mata ho dhIgastu / saMsAra ne, dravya, chayA, chokarA............par3atAM mukI ne 152 sAdhu thayA / pustaka lakA layA kane thI nai nake (luke) dIkSA liidhii| 153 ThANuM vIhAra karI vana jaI rIhyA / ane panavaNAe mahApanavaNA ai, mahApanavaNA mAM pATha mAM kaI che je bhagavaMta ne indre vInatI kiidhii| aMta zame he prabhu bhasmagraha beze che, jo be ghar3I Aukho badhAro to tamArI draSTI ne joge do hajAra nI do ghar3I mA utarI jAse, prabhu ke, e artha na samartha, tIrthaMkara bala na phorave / tarA, prabhu pAcho jIva-dayA mUla dharma kayAMthI dIpase / tare prabhue kahya-je jIvA rUpAdI jIva bhavIssaI, tyAMthI jIvadayA mUla dharma dIpase / pache lU~ke 3 dina aNasaraNa karI cavA / madhye rAtre deva AkAze prAvI 152 sAdhu ne sUrI mantra diidho| te sAdhue savAre kAgale utAryo / kahya-je hUM luMko RSi devaloke gayo chuu| A loko gaccha satya ch| have tyAthI loMkAgaccha nI per3hI saM0 1428 (?) thI lakhANI 1. marudhara paTTAvalI, paTTAvalI prabandha saMgraha, pRSTha 255-56, prakAzaka--jaina itihAsa nirmANa samiti, jayapura / san 1968
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 755 1. R0 lakAjI, pATaNa nA revAsI, jAta bIsA uzavAla, gotre lakar3a, dIkSA mAsa 3 nI sarva Ayu varSa 57 / ............ / ' ___3. "pATha koTi dariyApurI jaina sampradAya vRkSa" meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara sudharmAsvAmI ke pATAnupATa 27 veM paTTadhara devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa aura unake uttaravartI paTTadhara prAcAryoM kA kramazaH ullekha karate hue batAyA gayA hai .ki bha0 mahAvIra ke 48veM paTTadhara zrI sumati prAcArya hue| isake pazcAt loMkAzAha ke sambandha meM mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai : "46 (paTTadhara) zrI loMkAzAha prAcArya samvat vikramIya 1531 mAM bhasmagraha utryo| vikrama saMvat 1531 mAM sAdhu dharma claavyo| (loMkAgaccha prArambha) araTavAr3A grAma mAM vaNika prosavAla-pitA hemacandra, mAtA gaMgA bAI / temaNe 45 jaNAM ne sAdhumArga dIkSA apaavii| keTalAka kahe che ke loMkAzAhe samvat 1506 mAM pATaNa mAM sumativijaya pAse dIkSA lIdhI ane lakSmIvijaya nAma dhAraNa karI 45 jaNAM ne dIkSA grahaNa karAvI ane keTalAka kahe che ke dIkSA grahaNa karI nathI, ane saMsAra mAM rahI ne 45 jaNAM ne dIkSA apAvI / 50 (veM prAcArya) zrI bhANajI svAmI vi0 saM0 1531 51 zrI bhIdAjI svAmI " , 1540 "dariyApurI sampradAya 48. zrI sumati prAcArya 46. zrI lokAzAha prAcArya vi0 saM0 1531 mAM bhasmagraha utaryo / vi0 saM0 1531 mAM sAdhu mArga loMkAgaccha prArambha / ___ araTavAr3A grAma mAM vaNik prosavAla pitA hemacandra, mAtA gaMgAbAI / temaNe 45 jaNAha sAdhumArga dIkSA apAvI / keTalAka kahe cha ke loMkAzAhae saM0 1500 mAM pATaNa mAM sumati vijaya pAse dIkSA lIdhI ne lakSmI vijaya nAma dhAraNa karI 45 jaNA ne dIkSA grahaNa 1. loMkAgacchIya paTTAvalI (saM0 1428 se 1982 taka kI) dekhiye-paTTAvalI prabandha saMgraha, pRSTha 102-3 /
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________________ 756 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 karAvI / ane keTalAka kahe che ke dIkSA grahaNa karI nathI ane saMsAra mAM rahI ne 45 jaNAM ne dIkSA ApAvI / ' 5. zrI sudharmA svAmI nI pATAnupATe 46. (vAM) paTTadhara lokAcArya (lakSmI vijayajI) janma saM0 1472 nA kArtika suda 15, dIkSA saM0 1506 nA zrAvaNa suda 11 / svargavAsa 69 varSa nI Umare IsvI san 1485 vi0 saM0 1541 mAM / zrI sudharmA svAmI nI pATAnupATe 46veM paTTadhara lokAcArya- (lakSmIvijayajI-lokacandrajI svAmI) mUla sudharmA gaccha mAMthI lokAgaccha nI sthApanA vIra ni0 saM0 2001, vi0 saM0 1531 mAM krii| lokAgaccha kI prAcIna athavA arvAcIna paTTAvaliyoM ke uparyullikhita ullekhoM ke atirikta loMkAgaccha ke na kevala pratipakSI hI apitu kaTTara virodhI evaM mUrtipUjA ke prabala samarthaka eka gaccha kI paTTAvalI meM bhI lokAzAha ke dIkSita hone ke ullekha ke sAtha-sAtha isa bAta kA bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki loMkAzAha ke dvArA jisa dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA gayA usa dharmakrAnti ke pracaNDa vega se zithilAcAra kA ghaTATopa svalpa samaya meM hI kisa prakAra chinna-bhinna ho utthaa| usa ullekha ke Avazyaka aMzoM kI pratilipi yahAM akSarazaH prastuta kI jA rahI hai : zrI vinayacanda jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura ke hastalikhita patroM meM krama saMkhyA 400 paTTAvalI, loMkAmata utpatti, (dIkSA sUtra paThana ke vRttAnta sahita) patra 15 phoTokApI 26 kI pratilipi / noTa : isameM patra saMkhyA 15 ke dUsarI tarapha kI patra kI phoToprati nahIM hai| patra saMkhyA 13, 14 aura 15 ko yahAM uddhata kara rahe haiM ......samvat 1503 zrI muni sUri svarga pahuMtA, bAvanave paTTe zrI ratnazekhara sUri thyaa| samvat 1533 lUkA thayA / lUkAgaccha utpatti likhyate / samvat 1508 varSe ahamadAbAda nagare la ko lahaiM bhaMDAra lakhato hto| ima karatAM pAMca athavA sAta maaNddyo| teha thakI mAhAtmAiM duhvyuu| tihA thikI 1. . dariyApurI sampradAya kI isa paTTAvalI kI prati prAcAryazrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, lAla bhavana, jayapura meM hai| gujarAtI loMkAgaccha kI isa paTTAvalI kI pratilipi prAcAryazrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, lAla bhavana, jayapura meM rajisTara saM0 5, kApI saM0 3, krama saM0 1 ke pRSTha 8 se 20 para upalabdha hai|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 757 mahAtmA nunandaka huvo| teNe mahAtmA nAM apavAda bolavyA maaNddiyaa| teha ne lakhamasI ziSya mlyu| te lakhamasI mithyaatvii| mahAtmA kanhaM ne bhaNu / pache kahI muMha ne siddhAnta bhrnnaav| mahAtmA iM na bhrnnaaviyu| tihAM thakI rIsANo lakA leha na ziSya thyu| tINe pache pratimA prasAda uthaapyaa| vAsakSepa uthaapyaa| guMhalI uthaapii| pistAlIsa sUtra madhye aThThAvIsa raakhyaa| jina pratimA nA sUtra pUjA upagaraNa uthApyA / niyukti uthaapii| cUrNa TIkA zrI bhadrabAhu svAmIiM TIkA cUrNa kodhA te uthaapyaa| caurAsI payanno uthApyA / te lakhamasI nA pratibodha kIdhI / samvat 1530 varSe bhikSAcara huvo| na mahAtmA mAMhI na mahAsatI mAMhI na zrAvaka mAMhI na zrAvikA maaNhii| etalA kAraNa bharaNI saMgha bAhya kahivarAI / havi jina pratimA uthAvIvAnI kAjI teraNe laMke tehavo bola lIghu / kihAM pUjA nathI khii| loka kanheM pUche / hiMsAI dharma ke dayAI dharma / bAyaDA loka ne uttara Upaje nhiiN| sahU kaheM dayAiM dharma / tu jouna dayAI dharma nu devapUjA karatAM kevaDI hiMsA upaje cheiM te tumeM kAi kro| ehavaM kahI loka ne mithyAtvI pADivA laagaa| ima aneka loka saMsA mAM pADI zrAvaka ne saMzaya pADI jina pratimA uthApI / ' cAra nikSepA uthApyA / pahalo nAma nikhepo 1 / bIjo thApanA nikhepo 2 / tojo dravya nikhepo te jinadravya thAMse te uthApyA 3 / cautho bhAva nikhepo 4 / evaM uthApyA / gujarAta mAruADa dallI pravartI zrI ratnazekharasUri ne pATe zrI lakSmIsAgara sUri thayA / 53 / zrI sumati sAdhu sUri thayA 54 / 55 tatpa? zrI hemavimalasUri yuga pradhAna / gautama sarakhA / 56 tatpa? zrI ANaMdavimalasUri samvat 1570 varSe sUripadaM / prathama zathalAcArI pATana madhye sarvagaccha zathalAcArI vIyAvaTTa AjIvikA kare / pATana madhye paMca gaccha prAcArya te sameM zrAvakeM vinatI karI gaccha tyAgyo (vosarAvyo) kriyA uddhAra kro| te samaye lUMko zrAvaka araTavADA no te Ananda vimalasUri pAse aThAvIsa sUtra bhnnyo| parcha potAnI meleM dIkSA liidhii| sarvadeze lakAgaccha prvrtaavyo| jina bimba jala pRthvI maya bhNddaayii| sarva DhuMDhaka thayo / tivAre pATaNa ne zrAvake ANandavimalasUriye kriyA uddhAra kIdho / upAdhyAya zrI vidyAsAgara paMDita zrI pati paMDita gaNapati paMca saMgAte kriyA uddhAra / garubhAI ne bIyAvaTa nava kula diidhaaN| bIjA kula punamiyA kharatarA sarave jAMcyAM tehane diidhaaN| bIjA sarva jalamadhye bolyaaN| kriyA uddhAra karI jJAnasAgara upAdhyAyeM saMghAte evaM ThANuM gyAraha saMghAteM vihAra kiigho| AbuyeM abu dAbhavAnIyeM aTTama karI, mAtA no vara lei heThe utaryA / zrAvakeM prAcArya pada aocchava kiidhoN| mArge jAtAM bhIlaDI ne rUpeM mAtA malI tuSTamAna thaI / vAsakSepa mantrI diidho| zrAvaka ne mAtheM ghAlIsa / tetalA tAha rA zrAvaka thaasyeN| vIstAra vaDa jima vistarasya / Age jAtAM sAmI malasya / te padamakanADI desya / te aodhA madhye rAkhayo / te thakI jhADe roga bhUta-preta vItara sarva jaaNsyeN| mAtA alopa thaI / pachaM marudhara madhye jodhapura kizanagar3ha sarva deseM aocchava kIdho / jina thApanA nikhepA cAra manAvyA / pache aAgarA madhye zrAvaka 3600 se ghara lukA kodhA / I gyAraseM deharA jina pratimA bhuya madhye bhaMDArI cha /
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________________ 758 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 halAbola DhUMDhaka thyo| pache zrI pUjya prAgareM gyaa| chaTTa aTThama pAraNeM / eka baDero zrAvaka luMke dIkSA lIdhI, hAnaRkhya, vAnaRkhya 300 ThANA saMgho rahecha / te vaDerA zrAvaka ne usariyeM utaryA / zrI pUjya chaTha ne pAraNe teha ne ghareM rAkha DosII voharAvI chAsa madhye bhelI karI pAraNo kIdhuM / bahue sAta lADUyA ApyA, na lIghA / pache rAtre DosIiM kAkaDA karI kAnamadhye tIna vAra khepyaaN| to hI na calyA / prabhAte sAta dIkarAM ne teDI kahe gautama sudharmA svAmI AvyA ch| sarva vAta kahI, desanA sAMbhalI pratibodha pAmyAM / sarva lokeM zrI pUjya jI noM occhava kiigho| sarva jina pratimA cAra nikhepA mnaavyaa| prAnaRkhya vAnaRkhya tIna se ne celA zrI pUjye kiidhaaN| kaI zrAvakeM dIkSA liidhii| sAta sau sAdhu samavAya karI bhavya jIva ne pratibodha dei saba dezeM jina manAvIM caumAsU meDate rahI ThAmo ThAma sAdhu mokalA AdezeMpache zrI pUjya vihAra karatA desa pratibodhatA trambAvatInagarI padhAryA / tihAM kharataragacche zrI pUjya nI mahimA dekhI ragatiyo mukyuM / dina prateM sAdhu maraNa pAmeM / ThANuM DeDa sau maraNa pAmyA / zrI pUjya upadravya dekhI arbudA bhavAnIye pAchA AvyA / mAtAyeM kahya maraNa nahIM sAdhu pAmeM / ragatiyo to mujha thI maneM nahIM thAya / jAo ghAna dhAra madhye tihAM tumaneM sukha thaasyeN| dina pratye ragatiyo AveM / lohI zarIra nA sosI leN| sAdhu mAMhu thAya / dukha pAmeM / mare koI nhiiN| ima karatAM ghAnadhAra madhye prAve / have te samayaM ujjaina no vANiyoM mAraNakazA nava hajAra rupayA leI zatrujeya zrI pUjyajI ne vAMdavA Ave chai| ve brAhmaNa saMghAteM / dhAraNadhAra madhye aavyo| koliye mAraNakazA ne maaryoN| zarbujA ne thAnye / veMtara battIsanIya kAya mAM vaDero indra thyo| brAhmaNa ne kaheM nava hajAra rupIyA chai / te madhya thI pAMca hajAra zatrujaya muuNkjo| pAMca meM pAMca meM tumheM lejyo| traNa hajAra rupayA mAharA gura zrI pUjyajI ne ucchava mAM khrcyo| zrAvaka ne praapjyo| nahIM kharacyA to tuma ne dUkha deIza / ima kahI rAta paDe tyAM reN| bAvana vIra saMghAte magaravADA pAseM masAraNa bhUmeM rAtraM khele / jagyA suddha kre| ima karatAM mAsa DoDa thyo| ehaveM samaya zrI pUjya vihAra karatA tihAM AvyA / jagyA suddha niramala dekhI tihAM paDalei saMthAryoM aadriyau| sarva sAdhu porabhaNI sarva sUtA / madhya rAtre bAvanavIra aAvyA / te madhye zrImaNibhadra hAthI Upara caDhyo talAva pAseM AvyA / zrImaNibhadrajI kaheM-mAharI jagyA iM kuNa utaryA chai / tivAre ekalA maNibhadrajI aayaa| dekhe to zrI pUjyajI baiThA chai / parcha zrI mariNabhadrajI zrAvaka no veSa lei uttarAsana vAlI pradakSaNA dei page lAgAM / zrI pUjyajI ne kaheM-mujha ne aolakho cho ? hUM ujjaina no vANiyo mAraNakasA / hUM tumane vAMdavA AvatAM mujha ne ihAM bhIleM haNyau / zrI zatrujAM ne dhyAne marI batrIsa vyaMtara mAMhi triNinikAye indra haM thayo chu / zrI guru saannidhye| ehave samaya ragatiyo aavyo| sarva sAdhu ne zarIra dhamaghamAveM, zarIra nA lohI sosI neN| ehavaM dekhi maNibhadrajI iM ragatiyA meM pakar3I dUra karyo / Aja pachI dukha deIsa mA / zrI pUjyajI ne kaheM-have hUM jaina zAsana ne viSe tumhArA sAhu sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikA ne sAjya kaSTa nivArasyuM / je tumAre pATeM baiseM teha ne nAma thApanA mAMhi mAharA nAma akSara
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 756 ghAlI nAma thaapjyo| pache goriyo vIra thApyA teha ne sindUriyA kU tela naivedya chatra cddhaavyo| pATe baseM teM pdhaariyo| sUramantra gnnyo| dina-dina prateM caturvidha saMgha badhase / ihavaM kahI triji nikAyeM gyaa| zrI pUjyajI e vihAra karyo / bhavya jIva ne pratibodha dei jihAM-jihAM lukA tehane utthApI jina baiMba thApanA krii| pUjA prabhAvanA dina-dina prateM unnata thai / laMkA nA mananA sandeha bhAjI, to valI kumati bolyA devatA no pUjavAnI sthita ch| puNya nI ke pApa nii| te vicArI jojo| saMsAra mAMhi te sarva sthiti ch| sAdhu ne pAMca mahAvata pAlavA nI sthitija cha to puNya na upAjIiM-mokSa na paamiiiN| kumati bolyA jina pratimA no pUjanAra kehi gati janai ? tIrthakara........... lokAzAha ke viruddha viSelA bhrAntipUrNa pracAra nagInadAsa giradharalAla zeTha ne vi0 saM0 2021 meM prakAzita "lokAzAha ane dharmacarcA" nAmaka apanI eka laghu kRti meM mahAn dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha ko adharma kA prarUpaka aura unakI sarvajJapraNIta AgamoM kA akSarazaH zata-pratizata anusaraNa karane vAlI zAstrIya mAnyatAoM ko nitAnta dharmaviruddha batAte hue apanI nimnalikhita mithyA evaM nirAdhAra mAnyatAoM ko, vastutaH vAstavika tathyoM kI anadekhI karate hue, apanI nimnalikhita pUrvAbhinivezapUrNa mithyA evaM nitAnta nirAdhAra mAnyatAoM ko siddha karane kA asaphala prayAsa kiyA hai : "1. loMkAzAhanA mRtyu sudhI lakhamasI, bhANajI ane lIMbar3I nA thor3Aka zrAvako-eTalAja temanA anuyAyI htaa| (pRSTha 43)" ina paMktiyoM ko likhate samaya zrI nagInadAsa giradharalAla zeTha ne isa bAta kA lavalezamAtra bhI vicAra nahIM kiyA ki ina paMktiyoM ko likhakara ve apane pUrvAcAryoM, apanI paramparA ke vidvAn lekhakoM aura apanI paramparA kI prAyaH sabhI paTTAvaliyoM ko nitAnta asatya athavA akSarazaH jhUThA siddha karane kA dussAhasa kara rahe haiN| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI Adi mUrtipUjaka gacchoM kI prAyaH sabhI paTTAvaliyAM pukAra-pukAra kara kaha rahI haiM-"tadAnIM ca luMkAkhyAllekhakAt vi0 aSTAdhika paMca dazazata 1508 varSe jinapratimotthApanaparaM luMkAmataM pravRttaM / " tapAgaccha ke 52veM se 56veM paTTadhara ratnazekharasUri, lakSmIsAgarasUri, sumatisAdhusUri hemavimalasUri aura AnandavimalasUri ke saMghanAyakatva kAla meM lukAgaccha uttarottara phalatA-phUlatA evaM phailatA hI gayA aura usa samaya ke prAyaH sabhI gacchoM ke nAyaka evaM sAdhu parigraha baTorane evaM zithilAcAra meM pralipta rhe| "AgarA madhye zrAvaka 3600 se ghara laMkA kIdhA, igyAraseM deharA, jinapratimA bhuMyamadhye bhaNDArI cha, halAbola DhuMDhaka thyo|" "pAdana madhye paMca gaccha prAcArya, te sameM zrAvakeM
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________________ 760 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vinatI karI-"gaccha tyAgo (vosarAvo) kriyA uddhAra kro"| "AnandavimalasUri ne (devI se) kahA-devI ! tuma se zAsanabhakta hote hue luMgA (luMkA) ke anuyAyI jinamandira aura jinapratimAoM kA virodha karate hue logoM ko jinamArga se zraddhAhIna banA rahe haiM, tumhAre jaisoM ko to aise matoM ko mUla se ukhAr3a DAlanA caahiye|" ........AnandavimalasUri aura vijayadAnasUri....rAjasUrijI ke pAsa Aye aura kahA"hama donoM lukAmata kA prasAra rokane ke kAryArtha tatpara haiM tuma bhI isa kAma ke lie taiyAra ho jAo |........(maiNne) parigraha sambandhI moha chor3a kara vahIvaTa kI bahiyAM jala meM ghola dI haiM, savA mana sone kI mUrti andhakUpa meM DAla dI, savA pAva sera motiyoM kA cUrA karavA ke pheMka diyA hai, dUsarA bhI sabhI prakAra kA parigraha chor3a diyA hai|" vi0 saM0 1582 se 1596 taka gujarAta se lekara AgarA taka ke suvizAla kSetra ke gAMva-gAMva, nagara-nagara meM ghora tapazcaraNapUrvaka ugravihAra kara aAnandavimalasUri ne pratimAoM kI pratiSThA kI, aneka jinabimba bharavAe aura isa prakAra lokAzAha dvArA sUtrita aura deza ke kone-kone meM prasRta dharmakrAnti ke tIvra pravAha ko manda kiyA / aAnandavimalasUri ke hI athaka prayAsoM se-"saM0 1566 taka bahuta se luMkA ke anuyAyI gRhastha tathA veSadhAraka upadezaka mUrti mAnane vAle hue"-arthAt zrI AnandavimalasUri ke athaka prayAsoM se loMkAzAha kI Agamika mUla mAnyatA se nitAnta viruddha mAnyatA vAle mUrtipUjaka luMkAgaccha kA janma huaa| ina saba ullekhoM kI ora "lokAzAha ane dharma carcA' ke vidvAn lekhaka ne kiMcitmAtra bhI dhyAna nahIM diyaa| zeTha zrI nagInadAsa bhAI ne "lukAmata pratibodha kulaka" ke isa ullekha kI ora bhI dRSTinipAta taka karanA saMbhavataH ucita nahIM samajhA ki vi0 saM 1530 meM paMnyAsa harSakIrti ne sampUrNa dhuMdhukA kSetra ko lukAgaccha kA anuyAyI banA kara gurjara rAjya ke paTTanagara anahilapura pattana meM bhI loMkAgaccha kA varcasva sthApita kara diyA thaa| lokAzAha ke svargastha hone se bahuta samaya pUrva hI lokAzAha dvArA prakAza meM lAyA huA dharma kA vizuddha Agamika svarUpa bhArata ke suvizAla bhAga ke jainadharmAvalambiyoM ke mana, mastiSka, antastala evaM hRdayapaTala para zraddhAbindu ke rUpa meM aMkita ho cukA thA aura loMkAzAha ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA lAkhoM kI ginatI ko bhI lAMgha cukI thii| . yaha to mahAn dharmoddhAraka, dharmaprANa loMkAzAha dvArA anupama sAhasa ke sAtha abhisUtrita kI gaI dharmakrAnti kA, lokAzAha ke Agamika pramANoM se paripuSTa upadezoM evaM 58 bola, 34 bola, 13 prazna Adi unake satsAhitya kA hI pratApa thA ki vipula parigraha, apAra dhana-sampatti baTorane meM aharniza saMlagna-saMlipta sabhI gacchoM, sabhI zramaNa-paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM, sAdhuvarga aura yatiyoM ko kriyoddhAra ke lie bAdhya honA pdd'aa| vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI kA samagra jainavAMgmaya, prAyaH sabhI paTTAvaliyAM isa nirvivAda tathya ko pukAra-pukAra kara prakaTa kara rahI haiM ki
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 761 lokAzAha ke upadezoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jainadharma meM zatAbdiyoM se praviSTa huI 'vikRtiyoM, zithilAcAra, Agamaviruddha bAhyADambarapUrNa tathAkathita karmakANDoM-vidhi vidhAnoM ke viruddha umar3e hue lokapravAha se apanI paramparAoM, apane gacchoM kI rakSA ke lie usa samaya ke prAyaH sabhI caityavAsI gacchoM ke karNadhAroM ko parigraha ke parityAga ke sAtha-sAtha saMgaThita rUpa se apanI pUrI sAmUhika zakti lagAnI pdd'ii| ina saba tathyoM ke tatkAlIna jaina vAMgmaya meM vizada rUpa se vidyamAna hote hue bhI yadi koI sAmpradAyika vyAmohAbhibhUta vyakti yaha kahe ki loMkAzAha ke svargagamana ke samaya taka unake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta thor3I athavA aMguliyoM para ginI jA sake jitanI thI aura vaha bhI kevala lImar3I nagara meM hI thI, to isa prakAra kI nirAdhAra be-sira-paira kI bAta kahane vAle haThAgrahagrasta jJAnalavadurvidagdha vyakti ko to svayaM brahmA taka athaka prayAsa ke uparAnta bhI vAstavika tathya samajhAne meM sakSama nahIM hoNge| apanI isI choTI sI kRti meM zrI nagInadAsa giradharalAla zeTha ne loMkAzAha ke 58 boloM ko lokAzAha ke sthAna para dharmasiMhajI kI kRti hone kA anumAna prakaTa karate hue likhA hai : "(2) luMkA nA 58 bola nI kRti loMkAzAhanI nathI, te UparathI batAvyu paNa te kRti muni zrI dharmasiMhajInI ja hoI zake tenA kAraNo nIce pramANe cha / " 58 bola loMkAzAha kI hI kRti hai, isa tathya kI puSTi meM zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAM ne jo gyAraha pramANa athavA yuktiyAM dI haiM, unake uttara meM zeTha zrI nagInadAsa ne 10 yuktiyAM dene ke pazcAt likhA hai : ___ "muni zrI dharmasiMhajI, lavajI RSi tathA dharmadAsajI nA anuyAyiyo pahelAM DhuMDhiyA kahevAtAM htaa| pachI sthAnakavAsI khevaayaa| hAlanA sthAnakavAsIo A 58 bola pramANenI ja mAnyatA dharAve che te paNa pUravAra kare che ke A 58 bola nI kRti muni zrI dharmasiMhajInI ja hoi shke|" - lekhanakalAniSNAta vidvAn zrI nagInadAsa giradharalAla zeTha ne aitihAsika tathyoM se nitAnta viparIta prAdhArahIna ullekha kara na kevala "pallavagrAhI pANDityam" kI kahAvata ko hI satya siddha kiyA hai apitu "sauMTha kA eka gAMThiyA pA kara cUhA apane Apako bar3A paMsArI samajha baiThA"- isa lokokti ko bhI akSarazaH caritArtha kara diyA hai / unhoMne tatkAlIna sAhitya kA sarasarI nigAha se vihaMgamAvalokana to kiyA kintu avagAhana, antaHnirIkSaNa, AloDana-viloDana nahIM kiyaa| AcAryazrI dharmasiMhajI se lagabhaga savA sau varSa pUrva ke etadviSayaka sAhitya ko sammAnanIya zeTha ne sambhavataH par3hA hI nahIM athavA par3hakara bhI sambhavataH
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________________ 762 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 najaraMdAja kara diyA, jisa sAhitya se spaSTa pramANita hotA hai ki 58 bola vastutaH mahAn dharmoddhAraka dharmaprANa loMkAzAha ke hI haiM, kisI anya ke nahIM / pAsacandagaccha ke saMsthApaka, zrImadahIpurIya tapAgacchAdhirAja zrI pArzva candrasUrIndreNa viracitA carcA - "lUMkAe pUchelA 13 prazna ane tenA uttaro" nAmaka aitihAsika kRti kI kevala hastalikhita pratiyAM hI, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI iNDiyolojikala insTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda Adi ine, gine zodha saMsthAnoM athavA jJAna bhaNDAroM meM vidyamAna haiM / aisI dazA meM bahuta saMbhava hai ki prAcArya zrI pArzvacandra kI yaha vi0 saM0 1574 se pUrva kI aitihAsika kRti vidvAn seTha zrI ke dekhane-par3hane meM na AI ho kintu pArzva candrasUri kI " sthApanA paMcAzikA" nAmaka kRti to zeTha zrI dvArA mahAn yugapravartaka lokAzAha para lekhinI uThAne se 25 varSa pUrva hI prakAzita ho cukI thI / zeTha zrI yadi prAcArya zrI pArzvacandrasUri dvArA nirmita "lUMkAe pUchelA 13 prazna ane tenA uttaro" evaM " sthApanA paMcAzikA prakaraNa" nAmaka donoM kRtiyoM ko aura inake nirmANa ke sambandha meM unake dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye uddezya ko par3ha lete to sunizcita rUpeNa ve mahAn dharmoddhAraka loMkAzAha ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita anargala evaM nirAdhAra vicAra apanI kRti lokAzAha ne dharma carcA meM prakaTa kara apanI lekhinI ko kaluSita nahIM karate : 1. "bIjuM lokAzAhe dharma no uddhAra muddala ja karyo na hoto parantu kharU kahI to adharmanuMja pratipAdana kayuM hatuM / " ( pR0 27 ) 2. "loMkAzA eka paNa sUtra lakhyuM na hotuM / temanI pAse eka paraNa sUtra hatuM nahi temaja temane ardhamAgadhI bhASAnuM jJAna paraNa na hotuM / eTale lokAzAha bIsa sUtronI mAnyatA calAvI nahotI / " ( pR0 25, loMkAzAha ne dharma carcA ) 3. "loMkAzA he phakta krodhathI, dveSathI sUtra, dharmakriyA, dAna pUjA vagaireno bahiSkAra karyo hato ane sthAnakavAsIzroe sUtranA khoTA artha karI mUrti nI niSedha karyo che eTale temanA kAryo mAM dharma no udyota to che ja nahi paraNa te dharmanI hAninuM ja kArya che ane te asaMyati pUjA nAmanA accherA mAM gaNAya / " ( pR0 26 ) 4. " lokAzAhanI mAnyatA to sadaMtara dharmaviruddhanI jahatI / eTale kharU kahIe to Aje lokAzAhano to koI anuyAyI cheja nahi / " ( pR0 46 ) 5. "adharma nI prarUpaNA karanAra ne jaina samAja mAM dharma viruddhanI vAtoM ke dharmaviruddha nAM siddhAnto phelAvanAra vyakti ne potAnA prAdya puruSa tarIke mAnavA ai sAMcA jainadharmI mATe mithyAtva apanAvavA jevuM kArya gaNAya / " 6. " ( vi0 ) saM0 1685 mAM dharmasiMhajIe mUrtipUjaka loMkAgaccha mAM thI chUTA par3I pharI thI mUrti no virodha uThAvyo hato / ane te pachI turatamAM eTale
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 763 saM0 1662 mAM munizrI lavajI RSie virodha uThAvyo hto| A banne mahAtmAgro ane temanA ziSyoe dakSiNa sudhInA hiMdanA badhI pradezo mAM pharI valI (vihArakarI) pracaNDa pracAra karyo hto| ane te thI mUrtipUjakomAM te vakhate pracaNDa UhApoha thAya te svAbhAvika hatuM / te thI te vakhate temanA mantavyonI noMdha-nakala karavAnI jarUriyAta ubhI thavAthI temaNe (mUrtipUjake) ukta nakala karI liidhii| (2) munizrI dharmasiMhajI sUtranA jJAtA hatA ane temaNe sUtro nA TabbA paNa lakhyA htaa| eTale sUtroM, niyuktiyoM, cUNi vagairenA sUtra pATha vAlA te (58) bola muni zrI dharmasiMhajI ja lakhI zake tema htaa| (3) luMkAnA 58 bolamAM nA badhA mantavyo muni zrI dharmasiMhajInA pramANenA ja che| eTale te kRti muni zrI dharmasiMhajInIja hovAno pUro saMbhava ch|" (pR0 54) ___ adharma kA samUlonmUlana karane ke parama punIta evaM sudRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha saphala dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta karane vAle mahAn dharmoddhAraka mahApuruSa loMkAzAha ke zazikalAsamujjvala pAvana jIvanavRtta para apanI mithyAbhinivezAbhibhUtA bhAvanA ke sAtha apanI lekhinI se zyAhI bikherane se pUrva zrI nagInadAsa giradharalAla zeTha ko pArzvacandragaccha ke pravartaka, mUrtipUjA ke prabala pakSapAtI zrI pArzvacandrasUri dvArA racita "lukAe pUchela 13 prazna ane tenA uttaro" tathA "zrI sthApanA paMcAzikA prakaraNa" nAmaka do kRtiyoM ko aura inake nirmANa ke pIche rahI unakI bhAvanA ko bhI bhalI-bhAMti dhyAna meM le lenA cAhiye thA / __ "sthApanApaMcAzikA" ke nirmANa ke pIche rahe pArzvacandrasUri ke lakSya para prakAza DAlate hue prAcArya zrI bhrAtRcandrasUrIzvara ke ziSya zrI sAgaracandrasUri ne zrI saptapadIzAstra kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai : "bIjo grantha" zrI sthApanApaMcAzikAprakaraNa "jemAM sthApanA sambandhI binA sUtra-siddhAntanA purAvA batAvavApUrvaka jaNAyela cha-"jinapratimA jina sArakhI" e vastu zAstrAnusAre siddha karI loMkAnA mata ne anusaranArAo ne zuddha zraddhA vAlA karavA ane yuktipurassara samajhAvavA mATe prAcAryavarye A granthanI racanA karI cha / .... samvat 1574 varSe jyeSTha mAse, caturthI tithau zanivAsare likhitA sUri pAvacandreNa sA0 nADuputra sA0 saMdhAraNa. ptthnaarth|" 1 sthApanApaMcAzikA kI puSpikA meM zrI pArzvacandrasUri ne likhA hai :"vedamuNiti hisuvarise (saM0 1574), paMDiyasirisAhurayaNasIseNa pAsacaMdeNa vihiyA, ThavaNA paMcAsiyA esA // 53 / / "2 1. zrI saptapadI zAstra, pArzvacandrasUri likhita prakAzaka :-vhorA mohanalAla jIvarAja ___ mAMDalasaMgha kI ora se mAMDala, prastAvanA pRSTha 10 / 2. --vahI--- pRSTha 183
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________________ 764 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ina granthoM kI racanA ke prayojana para punaH prakAza DAlate hue prastAvanAkAra sAgaracandrasUri ne likhA hai : "pA grantho racavAno prayojana te vakhate jainomAM vAtAvaraNa ghaNoja kaluSita thaela paraspara dveSa, IrSyA, satya vastu ne DhAMkanArA, sAdhumunigrone na chAje tevI bAhya dharmAdharma-ADambara ne sevanArA veSadhArIyonI prabalatA badhi gaela hatI, temaja satya vastu ne aolakhanArA pragaTa thayA hatA / kAraNa ke solasenI sadImAM jaina veSadhArIyonI aMdara zithilatA, kvacit kriyAjar3atA, keTalAekanI sAvadha kriyAo mAM pravRtti ane keTalAekamAM Agama pratipAdita vastusvarUpa mAM anAdaratA phelAela htii| eja TAimamAM sUtra ANA aolaMghI svachandapaNe loMkAmatI, vijayAmatI ane kar3a vAmatI vigere pragaTa thai potAnI mAnyatA phelAvI rahyA htaa| tevA samaya mAM............AtmArthI yA paramapUjya AcArya mahArAje munimArga nI zuddha dezanA nirbhaya paNe karavA maaNddii|'' mUrtipUjaka AmnAya kI pratiSThA ko bar3hAne vAle vidvAn AcArya pArzvacandra sUri hI nahIM apitu mUrtipUjaka paramparA ke prAyaH sabhI gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyAM samaveta svaroM meM yaha prakaTa kara rahI haiM ki vikrama kI pandrahavIM-solahavIM zatAbdI meM jainoM meM, jaina saMgha meM vAtAvaraNa atyadhika kaluSita ho gayA thA, pArasparika IrSyA, dveSa, kalaha, sAvadya kriyAoM meM pravRtti, prAgamoM meM pratipAdita siddhAntoM, nirdezoM, mAnyatAoM, dharma-zramaNAcAra evaM zrAvakAcAra ke prati anAdara, anAsthA, upekSA bhAva, zithilAcAra aura sAgaracandrasUri ke uparilikhita zabdoM ke anusAra "sAdhu-muniyoM ne na chAje tevI bAhya dharmAdharma ADaMbara ne sevanArA veSadhArionI prabalatA badhi gayela hatI, arthAt eka prakAra se carama sImA ko bhI lAMgha cukI thii| navAMgIvRttikAra abhayadevasUri (vi0 saM0 1088-1135) kI yaha gAthA devaDhi khamAsamaNajA paraMparaM bhAvo viyANemi / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, davvao paramparA bahuhA / / jinadattasUri (vi0 saM0 1166 sUripada) kI nimnalikhita gAthAeM : gaDDaripavAhao jo, painayaraM dIsae bhujnnehi| jiNagiha kAravaNAI, suttaviruddho asuddho ya / / so hoI davvadhammo, appahAraNo neva nivvui jaNai / suddho dhammo bIo, gahiro paDisoyagAmIhiM / / bhAvasAgarasUri (vi0 saM0 1560 meM sUripada) kI nimnalikhita gAthA : dussaha dUsamavaso, sAhapasAhAhi kulagaNAIhiM / vijjA kiriyA bhaTThA, sAsaNamiha suttarahinaM ca / / 1. zrI saptapadI zAstra prastAvanA pRSTha 11
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 765 caityoM meM niyatanivAsa karane vAle zithilAcArI caityavAsI zramaNoM dvArA jinheM sAvadhAcArya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA una kuvalaya prabha ke :-......... ............ jahAM bho bho piyaMvae! jai vi jiraNAlae tahAvi sAvajjamiNaM ragAha vAyAmitteNaM pi eyaM aayrijjaa|" ye zabda satya ke upAsaka mumukSu pratyeka jinazAsanapremI ke karNarandhroM meM ahaniza gujarita ho rahe the aura pratyeka saccA jaina prabhu mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kI isa prakAra kI dayanIya dazA dekha kara dukhita ho rAta-dina cintA kara rahA thA ki zithilAcAra ke gahare daladala meM dhaMse-bAhyADambara ke bhISaNa bhaMvarajAla meM phase saMgha ratha kA, dharma ratha kA anAgamika adharma ke patha se uddhAra kara ise purAtana punIta prazasta patha para kauna agrasara karegA, kauna gatizIla karegA? usa samaya dhIra-vIra dharmaprANa loMkAzAha ne dharma ke nAma para kiye jA rahe anAgamika arthAt adharmapUrNa tANDavanRtya ko samApta kara saMgha ratha ko prazasta Agamika patha para agrasara karane ke saMkalpa ke sAtha AgamoM kA akSaraza: anusaraNa karane vAlI abhinava dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| unhoMne vastutaH na to koI nayA mata calAyA, na kisI abhinava mAnyatA ke grantha kA nirmANa kiyA aura na koI nayA upadeza hI diyA / ekamAtra Agamika tathyoM, mAnyatAoM evaM siddhAntoM para prakAza DAlane ke uddezya se lokAzAha dvArA lokabhASA meM nirmita praznoM evaM boloM Adi meM eka bhI zabda aisA nahIM, jisake AdhAra para koI bhI mithyAbhinivezavimukta satyopAsaka vyakti yaha kaha sake ki loMkAzAha ne naye mata ko calAyA, Agamika siddhAntoM se bhinna koI upadeza diyA athavA eka zabda taka bhI kahA / unhoMne to parISahabhIru evaM zithilAcAra ke paMka meM AkaNTha nimagna mahAparigrahI nAmadhArI AcAryoM, maThAdhIzoM, zrIpUjyoM athavA jainasaMgha ke karNadhAra hone kA dambha bharane vAle tathAkathita yugapradhAnAcAryoM dvArA jainadharma ke paramapavitra sarvajJabhASita zAzvata Agamika AdhyAtmika svarUpa meM, zramaNAcAra evaM zrAvakAcAra meM apanI svArthasiddhi hetu dharma ke nAma para praviSTa kI gaI vikRtiyoM, dharma ke nAma para pracalita evaM antatogatvA rUr3ha kI gaI anAgamika evaM prAgamaviruddha hone ke kAraNa adhArmika mAnyatAoM, pravRttiyoM, vidhividhAnoM, paripATiyoM evaM adhikAdhika dravyopArjana ke lakSya se bhole upAsakavRnda ke dainika jIvana meM lUMsa-ThUsa kara bhara dI gaI bAhyADambarapUrNa kurUr3hiyoM ke ghaTATopa ko sadAsadA ke liye samApta kara dene kA dRr3ha saMkalpa liye sarvajJabhASita-gaNadharagrathita Agama meM pratipAdita dharma ke sarvAMgINa vizuddha svarUpa ko AgamoM ke mUla pAThoM ke uddharaNoM ke sAtha jana-jana ke samakSa prastuta kiyaa| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA tIrthapravartanakAla meM prarUpita pradarzita dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa para prakAza DAlane hetu lokAzAha ne AgamoM kA avagAhana kara, devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke uttaravartI kAla meM hue AcAryoM dvArA racita, niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, cUNiyoM, vRttiyoM Adi sAhitya kA antaHnirIkSaNa kara usa samaya kI lokabhASA meM AgamasArabhita 13 praznoM, 58
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________________ 766 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 boloM, 34 boloM evaM paramparA viSayaka 54 praznoM Adi kI racanA kara caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa rkhaa| Agraha se nitAnta nivimukta vinamra bhASA meM unhoMne caturvidha saMgha ke pratyeka sammAnanIya sadasya se pratyeka bola, pratyeka prazna ke anta meM yahI nivedana kiyA-"DAhyA hoi vicAri jojyo jii|" sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna isa prakAra kI suspaSTa sthiti meM bhI "tAtasya kUpo'yamiti bruvAraNa, kSAraM jalaM kApuruSAH pivanti / " isa nItisUkti ko caritArtha karate hue "lokAzAha ane dharmacarcA" nAmnI ladhvI kRti ke racanAkAra apanI paramparA ke pUrvAbhinivezagrasta pUrvapuruSoM se bhI daza Daga Age bar3ha kara kahate haiM, likhate haiM :-"bIjaM lokAzAhe dharmano uddhAra muddala ja karyo na hoto parantu kharU kahIe to adharmanuM ja pratipAdana kayu hatuM / kAraNa ke jainazAstroM-sUtroM ne loMkAzAha mAnatA na hotA, sAmAyika vagere dhArmika kriyAno tathA dAna no lokAzAha niSedha karatA htaa| eTale lokAzAha no mata e dharma no uddhAra na hoto paNa dharmanuM patana hatu, athavA adharmano pracAra ja hto|" - AgamoM ke prati agAdha AsthA, pragAr3ha zraddhA se aotaprota lokAzAha kA pratyeka bola, pratyeka prazna kA eka-eka akSara isa tathya ko suspaSTa rUpa se prakaTa kara rahA hai ki loMkAzAha AgamoM ke ananya upAsaka the, ve kevala AgamoM ko hI sarvopari aura parama prAmANika mAnate the| AgamoM kI pUrvadharakAlIna pratiSThA ko punaH pratiSThApita evaM akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke liye loMkAzAha ne jIvana bhara saMgharSa kiyaa| AgamavirodhI vidhAnoM, vidhividhAnoM, mAnyatAoM evaM paraspara virodhI bAtoM se aotaprota niyuktiyoM, cUNiyoM vRttiyoM evaM bhASyoM ko AgamoM ke samakakSa mAnyatA pradAna kara AgamoM kI avahelanA karane vAle dravya paramparAoM ke karNadhAroM kA lokAzAha ne jIvana bhara DaTa kara virodha kiyaa| vi0 saM0 1080 ke Asa-pAsa varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri ne sarvajJabhASita AgamoM ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA se otaprota jisa divya ghoSa ko guMjarita kara anAgamika caityavAsI paramparA ke gar3hoM ko DhahA diyA thA, ThIka usI prakAra-"sarvajJa bhASita-gaNadharoM athavA caturdaza pUrvadharoM dvArA grathita Agama hI jainamAtra ke liye sarvopari evaM parama prAmANika haiM, na ki niyukti, cUNi, vRtti evaM bhASya sahita paMcAMgI / kyoMki bhASya Adi meM Agama viruddha aneka mAnyatAeM evaM bAteM bhI ullikhita haiN|" isa divya ghoSa ko jainajagat meM guMjarita kara jainadharma ke sarvajJapraNIta svarUpa meM anAgamika ADambarapUrNa kurUr3hiyAM, vikRtiyAM praviSTa kara dene vAlI dravya paramparAoM ke khemoM meM, gar3hoM meM lokAzAha ne bhUkampa sA utpanna kara unheM jar3oM se jhakajhora diyaa| . ekamAtra AgamoM ke AdhAra para, Agamika uddharaNoM ke sAtha jainadharma ke zAstrokta svarUpa ko andhakAra se ujAle meM lAkara usakA pracAra-prasAra karane . vAle mahApuruSa ko adharma kA pratipAdaka batAne vAlA vyakti athavA lekhaka kitanA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha . [ 767 vizvasanIya, kitanA prAmANika hai, isakA nirNaya koI bhI vijJa vicAraka sahaja hI kara sakatA hai| lokAzAha ne apane 58 boloM meM dvAdazAMgI ke prathama-pramukha aMga AcArAMga sUtra ke caturthAdhyayana ke prathamoddezaka meM bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna kAla kI anantAnanta caubIsiyoM ke tIrthaMkaroM dvArA saMsAra ke samakSa prakAzita dharma ke zAzvata, trikAlasatya, dhruva, nitya, zuddha svarUpa-"savve pANA savve bhUyA, savve jIvA, savve sattA na haMtavvA........na uddaveyavvA / esa dhamme suddhe, niie sAsae........" para prakAza DAlate huha AcArAMga sUtra ke hI-"tattha khalu bhagavayA pariNNA paveiyA, imassa ceva jIviyassa parivaMdaraNa mAgaNa, pUyaNAe, jAi maraNa moyaNAe, dukkhapaDigghAya heuM se sayameva varaNassaisatthaM samAraMbhai.... samAraMbhamANe samaNujANai / taM se ahiyAe, taM se abohie / " isa vizvabandhutva ke bhAvoM se otaprota "mA hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni", tathA "prAtmavat sarvabhUteSu, yaH pazyati sa pazyati" kA saMsAra ke samakSa udghoSa karane vAle sarvajJa vItarAga ke vacana para AdhArita apane upadezoM meM kahA"koI bhI mumukSa apane jIvana ko banAye rakhane ke liye, apane mAna-sammAna-apanI pUjA Adi ke liye aura yahAM taka ki janma maraNa se mukti pAne arthAt saba prakAra ke sAMsArika duHkhoM se sadA sarvadA chuTakArA dilAne vAlI mukti ko prApti taka ke liye bhI SaDjIvanikAya ke kisI bhI prANI kI kabhI kisI bhI dazA meM hiMsA na kreN| kyoMki prAriNahiMsA pratyeka prANI ke liye ahita kara hai, bodhibIja kI ghora zatru aura ananta kAla taka ananta duHkhoM se otaprota duHkha sAgara rUpa saMsAra meM bhaTakAne vAlI bhavabhramaNa karAne vAlI hai / " tathA "buDDhaM jajjara theraM, jo ghAyai jamala muTThiNA taruNo / jArisI tassa veyaNA, egidI saMghaTTaNe tArisI / / " isa Aptavacana kI ora caturvidha jaina saMgha ke pratyeka AbAla vRddha sadasya kA dhyAna AkarSita karate hue loMkAzAha ne kahA-"eka prabala parAkramI pUrNa yuvAvasthA ko prApta yuvaka kisI jarAjarjarita atyanta azakta ativRddha vyakti ke vakSasthala para apanI pUrI zakti ke sAtha muSTi prahAra kare aura usa bhISaNa muSTiprahAra se jisa prakAra kI bhayAvahA vedanA usa jIrNa-zIrNa vRddha puruSa ko hotI hai, ThIka usI prakAra kI bhISaNa vedanA pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati ke ekendriya prANI ko, usakA saMghaTTA arthAt sparzamAtra karane se hotI hai / saMghaTTa arthAt sparza mAtra se jaba isa prakAra kI vedanA hotI hai to ekendriya prANI kI hiMsA karane se usa prANI ko kitanI dussahya dAruNa vedanA hotI hogI isakA anumAna to pratyeka vijJa sahaja hI kara sakatA hai|" 'lokAzAha ne aura bhI kahA-"ahiMsA paramodharmaH" "mA hiMsyAt sarva bhUtAni"-ina vaidika udghoSoM meM kucha chUTa kA prAvadhAna prastuta karate hue katipaya
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________________ 768 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 pazcAdvartI AcAryoM ne kahA- "vaidikI hiMsA, hiMsA na bhavati / " bar3e hI yuktisaMgata evaM hRdayasparzI zabdoM meM kisI mahAmanISI ne kahA yUpaM chitvA, pazUnhatvA, kRtvA rudhirakardama / yadyevaM gamyate svarge, narake kena gamyate ? / / jainadharma meM, jaina saMskRti meM bhI dharma ke nAma para, mukti ke nAma para, svarga ke nAma para choTI bar3I kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA kA praveza kabhI koI nihitasvArtha vyakti na kara baThe, sarvajJa-sarvadarzI, vizvezvara vizvabandhu sabhI tIrthezvaroM ne aura jambUdvIpastha bharatakSetra kI pravartamAna avasarpiNI ke carama tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jaina dharma meM, apane-apane dharmatIrtha meM sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA ke dvAra sadAsadA ke lie banda karate hue pharamAyA-"apane jIvana kI rakSA, mAna-sammAna, pUjA-pratiSThA aura yahAM taka ki sabhI prakAra ke sAMsArika duHkhoM se sadA sarvadA ke lie chuTakArA dilA dene vAlI mukti kI prApti ke lie bhI koI mumukSu kisI prakAra kI hiMsA na kare, jina pRthvI, ap, tejas, vAyu evaM vanaspati ke ekendriya sthAvara jIvoM ko unake saMghaTTa-sparza mAtra se maraNAntikI vedanA hotI hai una jIvoM kI kabhI hiMsA na kre| kyoMki isa prakAra ke sthAvara ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA bhI hiMsA karane vAle vyakti ke lie ahitakara evaM anantakAla taka, asahya dAruNa duHkhoM se otaprota saMsAra meM, bhayAvaha bhavATavI meM bhaTakAne vAlI hai|" anantAnanta caubIsiyoM ke tIrthaMkaroM ke isa prakAra ke spaSTa udghoSa ke uparAnta bho yadi koI vyakti, AThoM karmoM se pUrNataH vinirmukta, ajarAmara, niraMjana nirAkAra evaM akSaya-avyAbAdha-avyaya-ananta zAzvata zivasukha meM virAjamAna vimuktAtmAoM, prANimAtra ke mAtA-pitA vItarAga-vizvaikabandhu tIrthezvaroM ko rijhAne aura isa prakAra unheM prasanna kara aihika, pAralaukika athavA zAzvata zivasukha kI prApti ke lie ina pAMcoM sthAvara nikAyoM kA ghora prArambha samArambha kara ina pAMcoM ekendriya nikAyoM evaM inake Azrita agaNita, asaMkhya evaM ananta jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, hiMsA karavAtA hai, isa prakAra kI hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha vyakti dvAdazAMgI ke prathama aMga, AcArAMga meM vartamAna, atIta evaM anAgata ke ananta tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye zAzvata dharma kA zAzvata satya kA pArAdhaka kahA jAyagA athavA virAdhaka, yaha prazna lokAzAha ne pratyeka mumukSu jainadharmAvalambI se puuchaa| usa prazna meM bhI koI Agraha nahIM, ati vinamra zabdoM meM kevala yahI kahA-"DAhyA hoi vicArI jojyo|" lokAzAha ane dharmacarcA nAmaka pustaka ke lekhaka mahodaya ko aura unase pUrva ke AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM, vidvAnoM evaM lekhakoM ko lokAzAha ke ina zAstrIya praznoM meM, Agama para AdhArita upadezoM meM kaunase adharma kI gandha AtI hai, isakA nirNaya to ve pUrvAbhiniveza athavA haThAgrahapUrNa sAmpradAyika vyAmoha ke mukhoTe ko dUra pheMka kara svayaM hI kara sakate haiN|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 766 uparicita eka paTTAvalI meM prayukta- "halAbola DhuMDhaka thayo" ina zabdoM se yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki lokAzAha dvArA nirmita boloM, pUche gaye praznoM ke samAna hI unake upadezoM meM bhI koI acintya camatkAra thaa| lokAzAha ke lie luMpaka (luTerA-cora), luMgA (luccA-durAcArI), DhuMDhaka (bhagnAvaziSTa TUTe-phUTe zUnya gRhoMDhUMDhoM meM rahane vAlA) Adi AkrozapUrNa hIna zabdoM ke prayoga tatkAlIna paTTAvaliyoM evaM racanAoM meM jo dRSTigocara hote haiM, unase spaSTataH yahI AbhAsa hotA hai ki lokAzAha ke boloM, praznoM aura upadezoM ke camatkArakArI prabhAva se jo nAmadhArI maThAdhIza, AcArya athavA zramaNa zithilAcAra meM prAkaNTha nimagna ho apanI sukhasuvidhA ke liye aharniza parigraha baTorane meM, bahivaToM ke mAdhyama se dhana saMcaya meM hI saMlagna the, unakI Aya aura pratiSThA ko gaharA AghAta pahuMcA, isase kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho dharma ke nAma para dhana baTorane vAle una dharma ke dhoriyoM ne "khisiyAnI billI khambhA noMce" vAlI kahAvata ko caritArtha karate hue isa prakAra ke hIna, aoche aura halke-phulke asAdhujanocita zabdoM kA prayoga loMkAzAha ke viruddha kiyA / kyoMki Agama meM ullikhita tIrthaMkaroM ke ukta avitatha vacana ko anyathA siddha karane kA una maThAdhIzoM ke pAsa koI upAya hI nahIM thaa| jana-jana ke mana, mastiSka evaM hRdayapaTala para Agama pratipAdita dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa aura niraticAra zramaNadharma kI maryAdAoM ko lokAzAha ne ati svalpa samaya meM hI kisa prakAra aMkita kara diyA, unake kisa prakAra ke yukti saMgata AgamaparipuSTa upadezoM se unake dvArA prArambha kI gaI dharmakrAnti saphalatA ke kIrtimAna ko sparza karane lagI, isa sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki loMkAzAha ke jina upadezoM se jina tatkAlIna dharma-dhoriyoM kI Aya ke srota avaruddha ho gaye, jinakI pUjA-pratiSThA mAna-sammAna evaM sukha-suvidhAoM para dharAzAyI kara dene vAlA ghAtaka AghAta pahuMcA, una logoM ne loMkAzAha ke upadezoM ko, AgamoM para AdhArita tathA janasAdhAraNa ke sahaja hI samajha meM A jAne vAlI lokabhASA meM nibaddha kRtiyoM ko aura yahAM taka ki unake jIvanavRtta se sambandhita sAhitya taka ko naSTa bhraSTa karane meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rkhii| isa sabake uparAnta bhI gahana khoja-zodha ke pariNAmasvarUpa zanaiH zanaiH prakAza meM Ane vAlI-"lukAe pUchelA 13 praznoM" "loMkAzAha nA kahiyA ane saddahiyA 58 bola" Adi kRtiyoM se aura I0 san 1984 meM ahamadAbAda se prApta, zAha rAmA karNavedhI dvArA vi0 saM0 1562 meM racita 326 patroM (656 phulaskepa sAija pRSThoM) kI "lumpaka vRddha huNDI" nAmaka vRhadAkAra grantha se lokAzAha ke zAstrasammata upadezoM, zAstroM ke AdhAra para unake dvArA nirmita sAhitya evaM unakI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM abhinava prakAza par3atA hai| "lumpaka vRddha huNDI" ke anta meM, nIce kI ora eka vAkya ullikhita hai-"bola 574 no jabApa uttara kaDuA
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________________ 770 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 matIno karyo grantha ch|" isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki loMkAzAha ne prAgamoM meM pratipAdita dharma ke vizuddha mUla svarUpa ko jana-jana ke samakSa rakhate samaya vipula sAhitya kA lokabhASA meM nirmANa kiyA thA / dravya paramparAoM ke zithilAcAragrasta karNadhAroM ne jina agaNita azAstrIya mAnyatAoM, paripATiyoM, vidhi-vidhAnoM, dhArmika karmakANDoM, athavA dainika paramAvazyaka dhArmika kriyAoM ko dharma ke nAma para caturvidha saMgha meM pracalita kara dharma ke aura zramaNAcAra ke svarUpa ko vikRta kiyA thA aura jise loMkAzAha ne anAgamika, sarvajJa-sarvadarzI tIrthezvara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita-pradarzita adhyAtmapradhAna jainadharma aura zramaNAcAra se nitAnta viparIta siddha karane hetu AgamoM ke uddharaNoM ke sAtha apanI kRtiyoM praznoM evaM boloM ke rUpa meM jisa vipula sAhitya kA lokabhASA meM sRjana kiyA thA, usImeM se loMkAzAha dvArA uThAye gaye, jana-jana ke samakSa rakhe gaye lagabhaga 574 muddoM athavA tathyoM kA kaDuaAmatI zAstrajJa vidvAn zAha rAmA karNavedhI ne apanI ukta kRti "lumpaka vRddha huMDI" meM vistArapUrvaka uttara dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai / lokAzAha kI mAnyatAoM kA virodha karane ke lakSya se kaDuAmatI vidvAn rAmAkarNavedhI dvArA isa prakAra ke vizAla grantha kI racanA se aura tatkAlIna gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyoM meM upalabdha "halAbola DhuMDhaka thayo" -arthAt jidhara dekho udhara hI cAroM ora lokAzAha ke hI anuyAyI dRSTigocara hone laga gaye the-prabhRti ullekhoM se yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki loMkAzAha ke upadezoM meM koI atIva adbhuta camatkArI prabhAva thA evaM unakI yuktiyAM lokamata ko zAstroM meM pratipAdita dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa evaM niraticAra zramaNa dharma kI ora AkarSita karane meM atIva sakSama thiiN| lokAzAha ne sarvajJa prarUpita zuddha jaina siddhAntoM para AdhArita apane upadezoM meM jIvahiMsA ko jainasaMgha se, jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke dhArmika kAryakalApoM athavA vidhividhAnoM se sadA-sarvadA ke liye pUrNarUpeNa samApta kara dene ke lakSya se AcArAMga Adi sarvajJa bhASita evaM gaNadharoM dvArA gumphita AgamoM ke uddharaNoM ko jana-jana ke samakSa vizada vyAkhyA sahita prastuta karate hue sAhasa ke sAtha spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha siddha kara diyA thA ki jainadharma meM SaDjIvanikAya ke kisI eka bhI prANI kI hiMsA ke liye kiMcitmAtra bhI avakAza kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM rakhA gayA hai / prANimAtra kI jIvana rakSA ko, jIvadayA ko sarpopari sthAna diyA gayA hai| sarvajJa-sarvadarzI vItarAga prabhu zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ne tIrthapravartana kAla meM sarvaprathama yahI upadeza diyA thA ki apane jIvana kI rakSA kI bAta to dUra, mokSa kI prApti ke liye bhI, janma, jarA, Adhi, vyAdhi evaM mRtyu se chuTakArA prApta karane ke liye bhI SaDjIvanikAya ke kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM kI jAya / jo aisA karatA hai, vaha anantakAla taka bhavabhramaNa karatA huA dussahya dAruNa duHkhoM kA bhAgI banatA hai / caturvidha dharma tIrtha kI sthApanA karate samaya prabhu mahAvIra dvArA saMsAra ke samakSa prakaTa kiye gaye isa avitatha zAzvata satya kI puSTi ke liye
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 771 yadyapi kisI bhI anya prakAra kI yukti prastuta karane kI koI AvazyakatA avaziSTa nahIM raha jAtI kintu vaidikI hiMsA, hiMsA na bhavati" ke samAna hI "caityavAsI Adi dravya paramparAoM ke karNadhAroM dvArA zatAbdiyoM pUrva adhikAMza jaina dharmiyoM meM rUr3ha kara dI gaI-"dhArmika hiMsA, hiMsA na bhavati"-isa Agamaviruddha mAnyatA ko-rUr3hi ko nirasta karane tathA pUrvAgrahAbhibhUta logoM ko AgamapratipAdita satpatha para lAne ke liye lokAzAha ko jIvana bhara jUjhanA pdd'aa| aneka prakAra kI yuktiyoM prayuktiyoM ke dvArA jana-jana ko prAgamapratipAdita trikAla satya tathya se avagata karAnA pdd'aa| yadyapi lokAzAha kI akATya yuktiyoM kA, lokAzAha ke tatkAla prabhAvotpAdaka camatkArapUrNa upadezoM kA, unake dvArA lokabhASA meM prakaTa kiye gaye Agamika tathyoM kA sAra unakI 58 bola, 34 bola, 13 praznoM aura "kehanI paramparA"-ina kRtiyoM meM, "gAgara meM sAgara vat" chalaka-chalaka karatA huA jhalaka rahA hai, tathApi lagabhaga eka sahasrAbdi se jainasaMgha meM calI A rahI anAgamika mAnyatAoM se vimukha ho jaina loga jisa vidyatavega se loMkAzAha dvArA prakAza meM lAI gaI Agamika mAnyatAoM kI ora udvelita sAgara kI bhAMti umar3a par3A, isase yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki jana-jana ke mana ko amita gati se Andolita kara dene vAlA loMkAzAha kA hRdayahArI aupadezika sAhitya ati vizAla thA, ati vizada thA aura usa aupadezika sAhitya meM prastuta kI gaI dravya paramparAoM kI jar3oM taka ko jhakajhora DAlane vAlI yuktiyAM atIva prabala evaM adbhuta prabhAvotpAdinI thiiN| isa prakAra ke anumAna kI puSTi, kaDuaAmata ke saMsthApaka zAha kaDuA ke ziSya rAmA karNavedhi dvArA vi0 saM0 1562 meM racita 326 (phulaskepa sAija ke) patroM kI "lumpaka vRddha huNDI' ke anta meM ullikhita nimna do vAkyoM se bhI hotI hai : "e huNDI zAha zrI kaDuA nA sISa sA rAmA karNavedhI nI kIdhI chi, pramANa chi, jehano kIdho vIra no vivaahlo|" "bola 574 no jabApa uttara, kaDuAmatI no karyo grantha che|" lokAzAha ke upadezoM kA vaha vizAla sAhitya Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / tathApi lokAzAha evaM unake dvArA abhisUtrita kI gaI dharmakrAnti ke viruddha aura lokAzAha dvArA prakAza meM lAI gaI Agamika mAnyatAoM ke viruddha dravya paramparAoM ke karNadhAroM dvArA kisa prakAra ke hRdayadrAvI bhayaMkara SaDyantra kiye gaye, una SaDyantroM ke cihna Aja bhI tatkAlIna sAhitya ke katipaya pRSThoM para spaSTataH parilakSita ho hI jAte haiN|
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________________ 772 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 lokAzAha dvArA abhisUtrita krAnti ke digdiganta vyApI pracAra-prasAra ko rokane aura usa dharma krAnti ke pariNAmasvarUpa jinendra prabhu dvArA pradarzita evaM AgamoM meM pratipAdita vizuddha mUla dharmapatha para agrasara hone vAle navodita dharma saMgha ko chinna-bhinna karane tathA usa saMgaThana meM Antarika visphoTa karane ke lakSya se usa samaya kI prAyaH sabhI dravya paramparAoM ne susaMgaThita evaM ekamata ho sAma, dAma, daNDa aura bheda-ina cAroM prakAra kI nItiyoM kA sAmUhika prayoga karane meM kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rkhii| mAna-sammAna ke pralobhana taka dekara loMkAzAha ke anuyAyiyoM ko DigAne ke dravya paramparAoM ne athaka-anavarata prayAsa kiye, isa tathya kI puSTi vibhinna paTTAvaliyoM ke nimnalikhita ullekhoM se hotI hai : ____ "zrI rAjavijayasUri ne saM0 1582 meM kriyoddhAra karane vAle laghuzAlika AcArya zrI AnandavimalasUri ke pAsa yogodvahana karake zrI rAjavijayasUri nAma rakkhA, bAda meM tInoM prAcAryoM ne apane-apane parivAra ke sAtha bhinna-bhinna tInoM dezoM meM vihAra kiyaa| zrI AnandavimalasUrijI ne sarvatra phira kara zrAvakoM ko sthira kiyA hai, kaI gAMvoM meM pratimAoM kI pratiSThA kI, naye jinabimba bharavAye, jaina zAsana kI mahimA bar3hAyI, saM0 1566 taka bahuta se luMkA ke anuyAyI gRhastha tathA veSadhAraka upadezaka mUrti mAnane vAle hue,...........|"1 "tathA'hamadAbAda nagare luGkAmatAdhipati zrI meghajI nAmA svakIyamatAdhi patyaM "durgatihetu" riti matvA raja iva parityajya paJcaviMzati 25 munibhiH saha sakala rAjAdhirAja pAtisAhi zrI akabbara rAjAjJApUrvakaM tadIyA''todyabAdavAdinA mahAmaha purassaraM pravrajya yadIya pAdAmbhojasevAparAyaNo jAtaH / etAdRzaM ca na kasyApyAcAryasya zrutapUrvam / "2 arthAt-ahamadAbAda nagara meM luMkAmata ke prAcArya meghajI ne apane mata ko durgati kA kAraNa mAnakara dhUli kI bhAMti usakA parityAga kara mugala samrATa akabara kI AjJA se pradAna kiye gaye beNDabAjA vAdyayantroM ke ghoSa ke bIca apane anuyAyI athavA ziSya 25 muniyoM ke sAtha zuddha saMvegI dIkSA aMgIkAra kara zrI hIravijayasUri ke caraNoM kA upAsaka bana gyaa| isa prakAra kI mahatI prabhAvakArI ghaTanA pUrva ke kisI bhI AcArya ke sambandha meM kabhI karNagocara nahIM huii| 1. rAjavijayasUri gaccha kI paTTAvalI, zrI paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha-paM0 zrI kalyANa vijayajI mahArAja, pRSTha.186 2. paTTAvalI samuccayaH, pR. 72 panyAsa zrI kalyANa vijayajI dvArA sampAdita "zrI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI" meM pRSTha saM0 235 para "loMkAmatanA meghajI RSie bIsa sAdhuoMnI sAthe tapAgacchanI aAmnAya vi0 saM0 1628 mAM sviikaarii|" isa prakAra kA bhI ullekha hai /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1 lokAzAha [ 773 tapAgaccha paTTAvalIkAra ke zabdoM meM bhArata ke tatkAlIna samrATa se isa prakAra ke abhUtapUrva sammAna ko prApta karane ke lobha kA saMvaraNa to koI viralA adhyAtma yogI hI kara sakatA hai / loMkAgaccha ke tathAkathita AcArya lukAmatAdhipati meghajI RSi isa prakAra ke abhUtapUrva rAjakIya sammAna ko, jo unheM rAjamAnya hIravijayasUri ke kRpA prasAda se milA, prApta karane ke lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara sake aura apane 25 athavA 30 sAdhuoM ke sAtha loMkAgaccha kA parityAga kara tapAgaccha meM sammilita ho gaye, yaha koI bar3e Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| prAcIna paTTAvaliyAM isa bAta kI sAkSI haiM ki dravya paramparAoM ke adhikAMza anaginata gacchoM kA AvirbhAva mAna-sammAna-pUjA-pratiSThA evaM 'ahaM' kI tuSTi ke puTa ke pariNAmasvarUpa huaaa| isa prakAra kA ghaTanA cakra isa tathya kA sAkSI hai ki lokAzAha dvArA bAhyADambara evaM dharma ke svarUpa meM praviSTa vikRtiyoM ke samUlocchedana ke lie abhisUtrita sarvahArA dharmakrAnti ke prabhAva-pravAha ko kSINa, azakta athavA nirasta karane ke abhiprAya se vipula parigraha kA tyAga kara prAnandavimalasUri Adi tIna prAcAryoM ne zAma-dAma-daNDa aura bheda nIti kA Azraya lekara jo abhiyAna calAyA vaha nirantara paTTAnupaTTa krama se calatA hI rahA / isI prakAra ke pralobhanAtmaka zAma-dAma-daNDa-bheda paraka abhiyAna ke pariNAmasvarUpa antatogatvA loMkAzAha ke virodhiyoM ko loMkAgaccha meM bhayaMkara Antarika visphoTa karane meM eka aitihAsika mahattva kI saphalatA prApta huii| loMkAgaccha meM aAntarika visphoTa karane ke lakSya se jina logoM ko lokAgaccha meM dIkSita karavAyA gayA thA ve loga loMkAgaccha para chA gaye aura unhoMne lokAzAha dvArA sUtrita dharma krAMti ke mUla mantra se nitAnta viparIta dravya paramparAoM kI mAnyatA "mUrtipUjA" ko aMgIkAra kara apane Apako lokAzAha kA anuyAyI aura loMkAgacchIya batAte hue jana-jana ke samakSa yaha prakaTa kara diyA ki loMkAgaccha mUrtipUjA kI mAnyatA ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| lokAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI sarvahArA dharma krAnti ke virodhiyoM kI yaha sabase bar3I saphalatA thii| apane kramAgata abhiyAna meM isa prakAra kI abhUtapUrva saphalatA se unhoMne saMtoSa kI sAMsa lI ki aba loMkAgaccha sadA ke lie samApta ho gyaa| kintu loMkAgaccha meM kiye gaye isa Antarika visphoTa ke anantara bhI lokAzAha dvArA pradIpta dharma krAnti kI divyajyoti uttarottara adhikAdhika vistAra pAtI huI jagamagAtI hI rhii| loMkAgaccha meM kiye gaye usa Antarika visphoTa ko pratikriyAsvarUpa tatkAla uttarArddha lokAgaccha kA AvirbhAva huA, lavajI Adi aneka mahApuruSoM ne loMkAzAha dvArA pradIpta kI gaI vizuddha Agamika dharma kI mazAla ko deza ke kone-kone meM zataguNita utsAha se pradIpta karate hue usa abhinava dharma krAnti ke prabhAva evaM pravAha meM uttarottara abhivRddhi hI kii|
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________________ 774 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 . lokAzAha aura unakI dharmakrAnti ke viruddha tatkAlIna dharmAdhyakSoM dvArA race gaye SaDyantroM ke jAla kI yahIM itizrI nahIM ho gii| sabhI prakAra ke sAvadha (pApapUrNa) yogoM (kAryoM) kA tivihaM tiviheNaM (tInoM karaNa aura tInoM yogoM se) jIvana paryanta tyAga karane ke zAstrIya pATha ke uccAraNa ke sAtha paMca mahAvratoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lene ke anantara bhI vibhinna gacchoM ke jo prAcArya, jo dharmAdhyakSa adhyAtma pradhAna jaina dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa meM apane pUrvAcAryoM dvArA praviSTa karAI gaI vikRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se pUjA, pratiSThA, pratimA vivAha, candana bAlA ke tapavyAja ke upalakSya meM sone cAMdI ke sUpa (chAjalA), sone cAMdI ke ur3ada, sone cAMdI kI ber3iyA-hathakar3iyAM Adi banavAkara bheMTa svarUpa prApta karane meM, khIra se svarNa raupya nirmita pAtra bharavA kara aura usa pAyasa (khIra) meM sone-cAMdI ke moTe-moTe patroM kI tharakaraNa tiravA kara dAna svarUpa grahaNa karane meM, bahIvaTa ke mAdhyama se athavA vividha ADambarapUrNa asAdhujanocita anAgamika vidhi-vidhAnoM ke mAdhyama se vipula dhana va aparimita parigraha baTorane meM aharniza nirata rahate the, una kI Aya loMkAzAha kI dharmakrAnti ke phalasvarUpa avaruddha ho gaI thii| isase kupita hokara una dharmAdhyakSoM ne, unake AzritoM ne lokAzAha kI anAryocita asabhya bhASA meM kaTu se kaTutama AlocanA nindA-gardA karane meM kisI taraha kI kora-kasara nahIM rkhii| isa prakAra ke nihita svArtha logoM dvArA loMkAzAha kI nindArtha nirmita aneka aisI racanAeM Aja bhI upalabdha hotI haiM, jinako prakAza meM lAne meM lekhinI bhI zarmAtI hai| vizvabandhu zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita-pradarzita loka kalyANakArI. dharma meM dravya paramparAoM ke sUtradhAroM dvArA kisa-kisa prakAra kI vikRtiyAMkisa-kisa prakAra ke asAdhujanocita vikArapUrNa vidhi-vidhAna ghuser3a diye gaye-ThUsaThUsa kara ThasAThasa bhara diye gaye--unakA ullekha prasaMgavazAt yahAM satyAnveSI pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke lie pAgama marmajJa pArzvacandrasUri ke zabdoM meM kiyA jA rahA hai / dravyArjana meM saMlagna vibhinna gacchoM ke dharmAdhyakSa jisa prakAra lokAzAha ke bhayaMkara zatru bana gaye, usI prakAra kahIM mere (pAvacandrasUri ke) bhI kaTTara zatru-kaTu Alocaka na bana jAyaM isa Dara se bahIvaTa Adi aneka vikRtiyoM kA nAmollekha taka na karate hue dharmasaMgha kI asthi-majjA meM praviSTa katipaya vikRtiyoM kA vivaraNa vi0 saM0 1575 kI kArtika zuklA dvitIyA ke dina paTTana meM virAjamAna aneka gacchAdhipatiyoM evaM pattana zrI saMgha ko likhe gaye-"utsUtra tiraskAranAmA-vicAra paTa:" zIrSaka patra ke anta meM prastuta kiyA hai| usa patra kI avikala pratilipi nimnalikhita rUpa meM haiM : "tathA ketalauM eka sUtraviruddha asamaMjasa dIsai chai / gacche-gacche puNa paraspara viruddha eka mAnaiM eka na mAnaiM / ne keTalAeka bola likhiyei chai / gItArtha kahai tima pramANa / pUchI-pUchI karavau / chaH / chaH / zrIH / /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 775 1. tIrthaMkara sauM gRhasthavaiM jor3Avau melavau / 2. gRhe vIra, nemi, malli, pArzva pratimA apUjanIya kathanaM / 3. svagacchanizrAnAmalikhanena parigrahaNaM pratimAyAH / 108 kUpodaka, 108 pAtrI sAdhu kathana mIlanaM / pratimAnAM vivAha vadhUpacAra karaNaM / mIDahala javAlI maulI bandhanaM / 6. rAtrau jinagRhamadhye pratiSThArthaM sAdhu nivAsaH / 7. asnAtasAdhubhiH zalAkAsaMcAraNAya sparzakaraNaM / kare kaMkaNamudrikA paridhAnaM, javArakakaraNaM, vedikAyAnaveSTakAbhiH kRtiH / svahastena tilakuTTIvat phUlAdi vikiraNaM, lAMgalIphalasukhAzikAdInAM grahaNaM, AdhArmikAdivastrAzanapAna grahaNaM / pratimAnAM varNapUra kaMkaNacchoTanAdi sarva vivAhavidhi karaNaM, aneka dADima sadAphalesUdaka komalaphala komalaphalikA pakvAnnaM sarvadhAnya-sarva temana jemana pUpAptAdi samasta vastuDhaukanaM zrI arhatAM purataH kasyopadezAt / aneka tapasAmudyApanAni / taMdulaiH parvataprAsAdAkArakaraNaM, tadupari kalazadhvajAropaH / pArve-pArve aneka navIna ghaTita kalaza vartulikA tathA sacittaphalAdi mocanaM kasya sAdhorupadezAt candanabAlA tapaH kAraNena suvarNa rUpyamaya sUrpa kulmASakAraNa pAdayoH paTTa sUtrAdikakSepaNaM pAyasena pAtrabharaNaM / dugdhaghRta bhAjane rUpyamaya ber3AtAraNaM / caitrAzvayugmAsatapasi sarvAMgINa suvarNa rUpyamaya tarukaraNa DhaukanaM c| mAghamAse ghRtamaya meru cUlikA prAsAdAkArakaraNaM tatkSaNa-vibhaMgazca / snAtrapaMcAzake dinadvayaM yAvat pradIpAkhaNDa jvAlanaM kasyopadezAt / sthAnAt sthAnAt lekha pratipreSaNena zrAvakANAmAcAmlASTAhnikAbhogadopakaraNAdezaH kasya saadhornusaarii| sAdhubhiH samIpe jinapratimArakSaNaM / puTAdInAM ca karpUra vAsakSepa dhUpAdikaraNena dravyArcana vidhAnaM mugdhalokaraMjanArthaM smaraNamiSeNa tadaMtikAt karpUra-mRgamadAgurvAdInAM grahaNaM / pratyahaM pratikramaNAvasare pAdaprakSAlanaM tadvidhisthApanaM ca svazrAvakanizrAkaraNaM sva svanizrayA nitya piNDagrahaNaM ityAdi kutaH / chH| svasvagacchanizrita-prAsAde mamakaraNaM / __ mRte nare'nekavastuDhaukanaM pUjAnAmakaraNaM mRtasya ca SanisaMkhyayAmaMgalakaraNaM ca zAlAmadhye sAdhujinapratimAnAM sthitiH / sAdhubhistasya saMbhAlAdi
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________________ 776 ] / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 vidhAnaM cAturmAsika prArambhe prasabhaM paMcAzatsnAtralekhanaM sAdhubhiH zrAvakANAm / paryuSaNAparvaNi svahastena pustakadAnaM jAgaraNakaraNaM ca / caitrazuklatrayodazIjAtasya zrI vIrasya bhAdrapadazukla pratipadAparAha ne janmotsavakAraNaM / aneka godhUma cUrNasUpadAlikAghRtagur3ajIrakasuThIpramukha varSavArajugamusalAdivastu samAnayanaM / tadvaddhividhApanaM ca / ajitazAntistava kathane tailasya vRddhi kAraNaM / mAlAropaNe suvarNarUpyapravAlamuktAphalasUtrapaTTa sUtramAlA kAraNaM kasyopadezAt / kSutkaraNe parvariNa tAlakakuTTanaM pAdaprahAradAnaM yaH karoti sa lipyate ityAdi durvacanakathanaM prAyazcittadAnaM / devagRhe dhUpadIpadAnaM kasyAyamupadezaH / samyakta vamodakakAraNe pratiSThA vAsakSepazca vastrAdigrahaNaM ko'yamupadezaH kasminsUtre milati / aSTottarIsnAtrakAraNenopadravopazAntiprarUpaNaM / gurUNA svayaM mantrAdijApe zrAvakAraNAM samIpAt pRthak phalAdInAM pratimApurato mocanaM / mAsajAtasya bAlasya tilakakaraNaM vAsakSepanAmasthApanaM / pustikAveSTana dravyAdigrahaNaM / paMcamyAditapasAmudyApane paMcAdivastumocanaM / parvAdi divaseSu gurUNAM purataH kuMkumena guhalikAkaraNaM upari dravyamocanaM stribhiH svahastaistaMdulaigurUNAM nyuchanakaraNaM taMdulocchAlanaM sparzazca / ....ityAdi viruddhatA parasparaM gacche-gacche teSAM madhye ke satyavAdinaH sUtrAnusAriNaH ke'satyavAdina utsUtrAnusAriNa iti nirNayaH kAryo yadi pattananivAsinaH saMghamukhyA dharmArthinaH santi / noced dRSTirAgiNo mithyAtvopahatAH pakSarahitadveSiNaH sapakSabhIravaH zAstrajJairna pramANI kartavyAH / yataH "suhasIlAu sacchaMdacAriNo, veriNo sivphss| ANAbhaTThA bahu jANaha, mA bhaNaha saMghutti / ...
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 777 prAcAryazrI pArzvacandasUri dvArA apane patra meM Aja se lagabhaga 468 varSa pUrva jaina dharma saMgha meM rUr3ha bane vikAroM evaM dharma kI mUla AtmA, mUla bhAvanA se kosoM dUra le jAne vAle vividha vidhi-vidhAnoM ke vivaraNoM ko par3hakara pratyeka mumukSu pAThaka ke netra yugala AzcaryAbhibhUta ho khule ke khule raha jAyeMge aura haThAt use duHkha bharI dIrgha nicchvAsa chor3ane ke liye vivaza honA pdd'egaa| pratyeka saccA satyAnveSI cintaka tatkAlIna caturvidha saMgha ke dainika jIvana meM ghUle mile ina Agama viruddha vidhi-vidhAnoM evaM dhArmika kahe jAne vAle kAryakalApoM ke vivaraNoM ko par3hakara yahI socegA ki usa samaya ke zramaNoM ne aura vibhinna gacchoM ke gacchAdhipati prAcAryoM ne Agama pratipAdita zramaNAcAra ko ananta alokAkAza meM ur3A kara loka raMjana ke mAdhyama se aparimita parigraha baTorane meM hI zramaNa dharma kI itizrI samajha lI thii| __ sarvajJa-sarvadarzI zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita, parama pAvana AgamoM meM pratipAdita evaM zArdU lopama parAkramazAlI zUravIroM dvArA paripAlita duzcara zramaNa dharma kI tathA caturvidha saMgha kI isa prakAra kI dayanIya dazA se dravita ho dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha ko, ina saba vikAroM ke samUlonmUlana ke lakSya se dharmakrAnti kA zaMkhanAda pUranA par3A / lokAzAha dvArA punaH 2 udghoSita abhinava dharmakrAnti ke gagana-bhedI, udghoSa se bar3e-bar3e AcAryoM, maThAdhIzoM, zrIpUjyoM athavA gacchAdhipatiyoM kI mohatandrA khulI, unIMdI aAMkheM zanaiHzanaiH unmIlita hone lgii| kintu prAcAryoM ko avakAza kahAM thA zithilAcAra ke gahana dala-dala meM dhaMse phaMse saMgharatha ko bAhara nikAlane kaa| vi0 saM0 1508 se loMkAzAha ne saMgharatha ko zithilAcAra ke gahare kIcar3a se nikAlane kA dRr3ha lakSya liye krAnti kA udghoSa kiyA aura saMyoga kI bAta hai ki usI varSa (vi0 saM0 1508 meM) tapAgaccha ke 52 veM gacchanAyaka ratnazekharasUri ne apane uttarAdhikArI lakSmIsAgarajI ko sUripada pradAna kiyaa| lokAzAha dvArA dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiye jAne ke anantara lagabhaga 6 varSa taka ratnazekharasUri gacchanAyaka pada para rahe aura vi0 saM0 1517 meM svargastha hue / ratnazekharasUri ne kisI prakAra kA kriyoddhAra nahIM kiyaa| unake pazcAt lakSmIsAgarasUri tapAgaccha ke 53veM gacchanAyaka pada para AsIna hue| unhoMne bhI kriyoddhAra kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyaa| lakSmIsAgarasUri ke svargArohaNAnantara tapAgaccha ke 54veM gacchAdhipati zrI sumati sAdhusUri hue| unhoMne bhI apane prAcArya kAla meM zithilAcAra meM nimagna apane sAdhu varga ko zithilAcAra se Upara uThAne kA koI prayAsa nahIM kiyA / tapAgaccha ke 54veM gacchanAyaka sumati sAdhusUri ke pazcAt 55veM gacchanAyaka zrI hemavimalasUri hue| unhoMne loMkAmata ke RSi dAnA, RSi zrI pati, RSi gaNapati pramukha katipaya sAdhuoM ko luMkA gaccha se khIMca kara tapAgaccha ke zramaNAcAra kI dIkSA to dI, kintu zithilAcAra meM nimagna apane sAdhuvarga ko vizuddha zramaNa dharma kI paripAlanA ke liye kaTibaddha karane kA koI prabhAvakArI prayAsa kiyA ho, aisA tapAgaccha kI paTTAvaliyoM se pratIta nahIM hotaa| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke
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________________ 778 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 ullekhAnusAra jisa prakAra kIcar3a meM hote hue bhI kamala kIcar3a se nirlipta rahatA hai ThIka usI prakAra zrI hemavimalasUri ne bhI kriyA zithila sAdhu samudAya ke bIca rahate hue bhI zramaNAcAra kI paripAlanA meM kisI prakAra kI truTi nahIM Ane dI / ' tapAgaccha ke 55 veM paTTadhara AcArya hemavimalasUri ke pazcAt vi0 saM0 1570 meM zrI prAnaMdavimalasUri tapAgaccha ke 56 veM adhinAyaka bane / gacchAdhipati pada para AsIna hone ke uparAnta bhI unhoMne lagabhaga 11 varSa paryanta kriyoddhAra nahIM kiyA / vi0 saM0 1582 meM unhoMne savAmana sone kI mUrti andhakUpa meM DAla pAvabhara mahA mUlyavAna motiyoM kA cUrNa athavA burAdA banA miTTI meM milA katipaya vahivaTa bahiyoM ko katipaya gacchoM ke prAcAryoM meM bAMTa kara tathA zeSa bahiyoM ko jalazaraNa karane ke anantara aura bhI saba prakAra ke parigraha kA parityAga kara loMkAzAha dvArA 1508 meM prArambha kI gaI dharmakrAnti ke pracaNDa vega se mUrti pUjA kI rakSA karane ke uddezya se do anya AcAryoM ke sAtha triyoddhAra kiyA / isa prakAra lokAzAha dvArA dharmakrAnti kA zaMkhanAda pUre jAne ke ThIka 74 ( cohattara) varSa pazcAt tapAgaccha kI cAra pIDhiyAM bIta jAne ke anantara tapAgaccha tathA anyAnya gaccha, ke sAdhutroM meM vyApta zithilAcAra ko dUra karane ke liye gacchanAyaka pada kI dRSTi se pAMcavIM pIr3hI Ananda vimalasUri ne vi0 saM0 1582 meM kriyoddhAra kiyA aura apanI vRddhAvasthA ke uparAnta bhI ghora tapazcaraNa aura pratIva zlAghanIya sAhasa ke sAtha sudUrastha kSetroM meM vihAra evaM dharma pracAra kara loMkAzAha dvArA vi0 saM0 1508 meM pravAhita krAnti pracaNDa pravAha se mUrtipUjA kI rakSA karane meM saphalatA prApta kI / lokAzAha dvArA kiye gaye dharmakrAnti ke sUtrapAtra se lagabhaga 56 varSa pazcAt pArzvacandrasUri ne vi0 saM0 1564 meM kriyA uddhAra kara jaina dharma saMgha meM vyApta vikAroM evaM Agama virodhI mAnyatAoM kA DaTa kara virodha karanA prArambha kiyA / jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, unhoMne vi0 saM0 1575 meM pATaNa saMgha aura vahAM virAjita aneka gacchoM ke AcAryoM ko patra likhakara tatkAlIna zramaNoM kI zramaNAcAra se ekAntataH viparIta, AgamoM se pUrNataH pratikUla asAdhujanocita pravRttiyoM kA vistRta vivaraNa prastuta karate hue usa samaya ke caturvidha saMgha kI dayanIya dazA ko bar3e hI hRdayadrAvI zabdoM meM citrita kiyA hai / kaThora zramaNAcAra ke saMbaMdha meM spaSTa nirdeza hai : jatthittha karapharisaM, aMtariya kAraNe viuppanna / arahAvi karejja sayaM taM gacchaM mUla guNa mukkaM // 1. yaH kriyA zithila sAdhusamudAyeM vartamAno'pi sAdhvAcArAvatikrAntaH ..........''na ca teSAM kriyAzithilasAdhu samudAyAvasthAne cAritraM na saMbhavatIti zaMkanIyaM, evaM satyapi gaNAdhipatezcAritrasaMbhavAt / yadAgamaH - sAke nAma ege eraNDaparivAre tti / - paTTAvalI samuccayaH, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 68
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 776 kintu pArzvacandrasUri ke uparyukta patra ke isa ullekha se "parvAdi divaseSu gurUNAM purataH kuMkumena guhalikAkaraNaM, uparidravya mocanaM, stribhiH svahastaitaMdulaigurUNA nyUchana karaNaM taMdulocchAlanaM sparzazca'" spaSTa hai ki striyAM AcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM ke caraNoM kA sparza karatI thiiN| pArzvacandrasUri ke uparyu ddhata patrAMza se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki usa samaya ke prAyaH sabhI gacchoM ke gacchAdhipatiyoM evaM zramaNoM meM ghora zithilAcAra, jise zAstroM meM pratipAdita zramaNAcAra ko dRSTigata rakhate hue anAcAra kI saMjJA pradAna kI jA sakatI hai-vyApta thaa| usa samaya kA zramaNa varga ahiMsA, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ina tInoM mahAvratoM kI avahelanA ke sAtha-sAtha jinAjJA kA, zAstrIya nirdezoM kA amaryAdita rUpa se ullaMghana kara DAbha se kacce jala ke AloDana puSpoM ke vikiraNa, phaloM ke sparza Dhokana, striyoM se saMghaTTa saMsparzana karavAne tathA candanabAlA-tapa Adi azAstrIya, asAdhujanocita vidhividhAnoM ke bahAne se vipula sampatti, aparimita parigraha baTorane meM saMlagna thaa| usa samaya ke zramaNoM meM vyApta isa prakAra ke prAgama viruddha zithilAcAra athavA hInAcAra se khinna kSubdha evaM hatAza ho katipaya AgamajJa AtmArthI evaM vayovRddha vidvAna sAdhuoM taka ne dIkSArthI viraktAtmAoM ko yaha kahanA prArambha kara diyA thA ki AcArAMga Adi sUtroM meM jo sAdhu AcAra likhA hai, vaha Aja ke sAdhuoM meM dekhA nahIM jAtA, ataH tuma to zrAvaka ke veza meM saMvarI hokara rho| vi0 saM0 1508 meM loMkAzAha dvArA kiye gaye dharmakrAnti ke udghoSa se aneka AtmArthI vidvAna, vayovRddha sAdhuoM ke antarcakSu udghATita hue| usake 12 varSa pazcAt kI, vi0 saM0 1520 kI isa saMbaMdha meM eka bar3I hI rocaka ghaTanA hai, use yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai, jisase satya ke jijJAsuoM ko yaha bhalI-bhAMti vidita ho jAye ki kina vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM saMgharatha ko zithilAcAra ke dala-dala se nikAlane ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha ko dharmakrAnti kA udghoSa karanA par3A, eka prakAra se apane Apa meM sarvAMga pUrNa krAnti kA zaMkhanAda pUranA pdd'aa| vi0 saM0 1520 ke Asa-pAsa kI vaha ghaTanA isa prakAra hai : "dIkSA lene kI dhuna meM kaDuvA aneka sAdhuoM kA paricaya karatA huA ahamadAbAda phuNcaa| vahAM rUpapurA meM Agamika paMnyAsa harikIrti zuddha prarUpaka saMvega pakSa ke sAdhu the / ve apanI zakti ke anusAra kriyA-kalApa karate the| guNI sAdhuoM ko vandana karate the| parantu Apa kisI se vandana nahIM karavAte, kahate-maiM vandana yogya nahIM hUM, mujhase zAstrokta sAdhu kA AcAra nahIM pltaa| harikIrti rUpapure kI eka zUnya zAlA meM rahate the| kaDuvA ne unakA vyavahAra dekhA aura usako pasanda aayaa| usane harikIrtijI ke sAmane apanA paricaya dete hue kahA- "merI icchA 1. saptapadI zAstra, prastAvanA, pRSTha 18
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________________ 780 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 saMsAra chor3akara sAdhu hone kI hai, mujhe dIkSA diijiye|" harikIrti ne socA-maiM agara isako yogya mArga na dikhAUMgA to yaha kisI kapaTI kuguru ke jAla meM phaMsa jAyagA, unhoMne kaDuvA se kahA-prathama dazavaikAlika ke cAra adhyayana pddh'o| usane svIkAra kiyA aura harikIrti ke pAsa dazavaikAlika ke cAra adhyayana artha ke sAtha pddh'e| adhyayana par3hane ke bAda kaDuvA ne unase pUchA-pUjya ! siddhAnta mArga to isa prakAra hai, taba Ajakala sAdhu isa mArga ke anusAra kyoM nahIM calate ? harikIti ne kahAabhI tuma par3ho aura suno, bAda meM siddhAnta kI carcA meM utrnaa| mahatA kaDuvA ne paMnyAsa ke pAsa sArasvata vyAkaraNa, kAvyazAstra, chandazAstra cintAmaNi pramukha vAda zAstra par3he aura AcArAMga Adi sUtroM ke artha suna kara pravINa huA / bAda meM panyAsa harikIti ne kaDuvA se kahA-he vatsa ! AcArAMga Adi sUtroM meM jo sAdhu kA AcAra likhA hai, vaha Aja ke sAdhuoM meM dekhane meM nahIM aataa| Aja ke sarva yati pUjA pratiSThA, kalpita dAna Adi kAryoM meM lage hue haiM, jina-mandiroM ke rakSaka bane hue haiM, kyoMki vartamAna kAla meM dasavAM accherA (Azcarya) cala rahA hai| yaha kaha kara usane "ThANAMga sUtra" kI Azcarya pratipAdaka gAthAeM, "saMghapaTTaka kI" gAthAeM aura "SaSTizataka prakaraNa" kI gAthAeM sunAkara vartamAna kAlIna sAdhuoM kI AcArahInatA kA varNana kiyA aura usakI zraddhA kuNThita karane ke liye harikIrti ne pichale samaya meM jaina zramaNoM meM hone vAlI dhaDAbandiyoM kA vivaraNa sunaayaa| unhoMne kahA-1156 meM paurNamika, 1204 meM kharatara, 1213 meM aMcala, 1236 meM sArddhapaurNamika, 1250 meM tristutika, 1285 meM tapA apane-apane aAgraha se utpanna hue| 1508 meM luMkA ne apanA mata claayaa| aba tuma hI kaho to ina naye gaccha pravartakoM meM se kisa ko yugapradhAna kahanA aura kisako nhiiN| isa samaya zAstrokta catuSparvI kI AmnAya dikhatI nahIM / jahAM yugapradhAna hogA, vahAM ukta sabhI bAteM eka rUpa meM hogI / isaliye tuma to yugapradhAnoM kA dhyAna karate hue zrAvaka ke veza meM "saMvarI' banakara raho, jisase tumhArI AtmA kA kalyANa ho / zAha kaDuvA ne jaina siddhAMtoM kI bAteM sunI thIM, usako harikIrti kI bAta ThIka jaMcI, vaha sAdhutA kI bhAvanA vAlA prAsuka jala pItA, acitta AhAra karatA, apane nimitta nahIM banAyA huA vizuddha AhAra zrAvaka ke ghara se letA thaa| brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA, 12 vrata dhAraNa karatA huA, kisI para mamatA na rakhatA huA pRthvI para vicarane lgaa|' vikrama kI 15vIM 16vIM zatI ke jaina zramaNoM meM zithilAcAra kI parAkASThA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI mahAn virakta dvijottama kaDuvAzAha ne zramaNadharma 1. kaDuvA mata gaccha ko paTTAvalI, paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha (paM0 kalyANa vijayajI) pRSTha 481-82
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 781 meM dIkSita hone kI Antarika utkaTa abhilASA hone ke uparAnta bhI paMca mahAvratoM kI dIkSA nahIM lI aura unhoMne vi0 saM0 1525 meM zrAvaka veza meM saMvarI rahate hue apane mata kA pracAra-prasAra prArambha kara diyaa| kaDuvAzAha ne "kaDuvAgaccha" kI sthApanA kaDuvAgaccha kI paTTAvalI ke anusAra vi0 saM0 1525 meM aura tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra vi0 saM0 1562 meM kii| isa saMbaMdha meM tapAgaccha paTTAvalI kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : "tadAnIM vi0 dvASaSThyadhika paMcadazazata 1562 varSe "samprati sAdhavo na dRgpathamAyAntItyAdiprarUpaNAparaka kaTukanAmnI gRhasthAt tristutikamatavAsito kaTuka nAmnA matotpatti / " jaina dharmasaMgha meM vyApta anAgamika ADambara pUrNa pravRttiyoM, mAnyatAoM vidhi-vidhAnoM, thothe karmakANDoM, vikAroM, zramaNAcAra meM vyApta sArvatrika ghora zithilAcAra, Agamika siddhAntoM ke prati upekSApUrNa avahelanAtmaka avasthA kA samUlonmUlana kara vizuddha Agamika mAnyatAoM kI punaH pratiSThApanA ke eka mAtra saduddezya se loMkAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI dharmakrAnti kA hI prabhAva thA ki vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka meM sarvajJa praNIta vizvakalyANakArI jaina dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa ke prati sajagatA-jAgarUkatA se prota-prota eka abhinava jAgaraNa kI eka adamya amita lahara jaina-jagata ke jana mAnasa meM taraMgita ho utthii| krAnti ke usa zaMkhanAda se sudIrghakAlIna pragAr3ha moha nidrA meM soye jaina jagat ko vidita huA ki Agama pratipAdita dharma ke svarUpa meM zramaNAcAra meM aura unake tatkAlIna dharmAdhyakSoM, dharmaguruoM athavA jina zAsana ke karNadhAroM ke prAcAra-vicAra athavA AcaraNa meM AkAza pAtAla kA antara hai, donoM eka dUsare se amita-aparimeya kosoM dUra haiN| lokapravAha sAtazIlatva, Arambha, samArambha evaM parigraha Adi zithilAcAra meM Anakhazikhanimagna apane tathAkathita zramaNavezadhArI dharmaguruoM se mukha mor3a loMkAzAha dvArA anAvRta prakaTita AdhyAtmika evaM vizuddha prAgamika pAloka kI aora umar3a par3A / bahI baToM meM aMkita apane pIr3hI prapIr3hiyoM ke bhaktoM kI apane prati bar3hatI huI pragAr3ha anAsthA ke pariNAmasvarUpa apanI sukha suvidhA kI pUraka prAya ke srotoM ke avaruddha athavA manda ho jAne para usa kAla meM dharmaguruoM kI bhI aMtatogatvA AMkheM khuliiN| avazAvasthA meM aneka gacchanAyakoM ko parigraha kA moha tyAgane ke liye bAdhya honA par3A / savA savA mana sone kI apane parigraha meM saMjoyo huI mUrtiyoM ko andhakUpoM meM DAla kara aura mahArghya muktAphaloM Adi vipula parigraha kA parityAga kara katipaya AcAryoM ne kriyodvAra kiye| kintu unake dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra sarvAMgapUrNa kriyoddhAra kA svarUpa dhAraNa na kara pAne ke kAraNa adhUre hI 1. vahI, pRSTha 483
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________________ 782 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 rhe| pArzvacandrasUri ne tatkAlIna zramaNa samUha ke zramaNAcAra meM vyApaka rUpa se rUr3ha burAiyoM kA apane kriyoddhAra kAla vi0 saM0 1564 se lekara jIvana paryanta vi0 saM0 1612 taka sAhitya sRjana aura upadezoM ke mAdhyama se bhI DaTakara virodha kiyaa| pArzvacandrasUri dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra ke 18 varSa pazcAt tapAgaccha ke . nAyaka zrI Ananda vimalasUri ne vi0 saM0 1582 meM kriyoddhAra kiyaa| unhoMne 1583 meM apane gaccha ke zramaNa zramaNIvarga ke zramaNAcAra ko nirdoSa evaM sudRr3ha banAye rakhane ke saduddezya se 35 boloM kI ghoSaNA bhI kI kintu pArzvacandrasUri kI bhAMti caturvidha saMgha meM rUDha huI vikRtiyoM ke viruddha koI sArthaka AvAja nahIM uThAI / unakA aura unake kriyoddhAra kA pramukha lakSya rahA loMkAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI dharmakrAnti ke bar3hate hue prabhAva va pravAha ko naSTa karanA / zrI Ananda vimalasUri aura unake sahayogI anyAnya gacchoM ke prAcAryoM ke loMkAzAha virodhI sAmUhika sazakta abhiyAna aura dhuMprAMdhAra likhita evaM dUragAmI zAma-dAma-daNDa-bheda nIti paraka maukhika pracAra-prasAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa antatogatvA loMkAgaccha meM Antarika visphoTa hue| loMkAgaccha kI prabala vega se bar3hatI huI sarvahArA zakti kSINa huii| kAlAntara meM loMkAgaccha ke manISI prAcAryoM ne usa dharmakrAnti ke. vega ko tIvra gati pradAna karane ke prabala prayAsa bhI kiye, usa krAnti ke manda bane pravAha meM gati bhI AI kintu lokAzAha kI AkAMkSA ke anurUpa vaha krAnti jaina dharma saMgha meM vyApta evaM rUr3ha huI vikRtiyoM kA, burAiyoM kA samUlonmUlana karane meM pUrNataH saphala nahIM ho skii| yadi loMkAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI ekamAtra AgamoM para AdhArita dharma krAnti ke viruddha chala prapanca pUrNa mithyA pracAra ke suniyojita, sugaThita evaM sAmUhika kucakra na calAye jAte to vaha krAnti AzcaryakArI zata-pratizata rUpa se avazyameva saphala hotI aura bha0 mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM dravya paramparAoM dvArA balAt haThAt praviSTha kI gaI vikRtiyoM meM se adhikAMza bar3I-bar3I vikRtiyoM ke naSTa ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI jo aneka vikAra zeSa raha gaye the, avaziSTa raha gaye the, unakA bhI nAmonizAM taka Aja dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| aba sabase bar3A tathya yahA~ yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki loMkAzAha ne na to koI nayA mata hI calAyA aura na koI naI bAta hI khii| unhoMne to kevala sarvajJa bhASita AgamoM ke mUla pATha prastuta karate hue ativinamra zabdoM meM yahI kahA ki kSIra nIra vivekapUrNa niSpakSa dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ina vacanoM para DAhyA bana kara caturAI pUrvaka vicAra kro| unhoMne to kevala vicAra karane aura jo ucita lage vaisA karane kA parAmarza diyaa| apanI nahIM kevala sarvajJa vItarAga jagaddhitaMkara tIrthaMkara kI vANI para vicAra karane ke liye jana-jana ko nivedana kiyaa| usa vIta rAga vAraNI ko bhI mAnane-manavAne kA lokAzAha ne kahIM lezamAtra
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 783 bhI haThAgraha nahIM kiyA / udAharaNasvarUpa liyA jAya to prAcArAMga sUtra ke cauthe adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke eka sUtra ko jise jaina dharma kI AtmA athavA AdhAra zilA kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai- jana-jana ke samakSa prastuta karate hue apane 58 boloM meM se eka bola meM usa ora iMgita bhara kiyA ki-'SaDjIva nikAya ke kisI bhI jIva kI kisI bhI kAraNa se nija kI svArtha siddhi ke lie aura yahAM taka ki mokSa kI prApti ke liye bhI hiMsA na kI jAya-kisI jIva ko kisI bhI prakAra kA kicitmAtra bhI kaSTa na pahuMcAyA jAya yaha maiM (zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra) kahatA hUM / anAdi atIta ke sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne yahI kahA hai / vartamAna meM jitane tIrthaMkara haiM ve bhI yahI kahate haiM aura anAgata ananta kAla meM jo anya tIrthakara hone vAle haiM ve bhI yahI kaheMge / yahI zuddha-satya zAzvata Arya dharma hai|" lokAzAha ne apanI ora se eka bhI zabda nahIM jodd'aa| loMkAzAha se 56 varSa pazcAta hae pAgama marmajJa, prAgamoM para TabboM ko racanA karane vAle pArzvacandrasUri ne bhI apanI "utsUtra tiraskAra nAmA-vicAra paTa:' nAmaka kRti meM kevala isa sUtra kA hI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, apitu lokAzAha se bahuta Age bar3ha kara isa sambandha meM to yahAM taka likhA hai ki : buDDhaM jajjara theraM, jo ghAyai jamala muTThiNA taruNo / jArisI tassa veyaNA, egidI saMghaTTaNe tArisI / / arthAt-jarAjarjarita ati jIrNa-zIrNa ativRddha puruSa ke vakSasthala para yadi koI viziSTa balazAlI yavA puruSa apanI sampUrNa zakti lagAkara muSTi kA prahAra kare to usa muSTi prahAra se jisa prakAra kI dussaha dAruNa pIr3A usa jarAjarjarita vRddha vyakti ko hotI hai, ThIka usI prakAra kI bhISaNa vedanA sthAvara kAya ke ekendriya jIva ko, usake saMghaTTa mAtra se sparza mAtra se hotI hai| kisI bhI ekendriyAdi jIva kI hiMsA karate samaya meM use kisa prakAra kI pIr3A hotI hai, isakA pAgama meM spaSTa varNana milatA hai ki jisa prakAra eka janmajAta gaMge, bahare, halana-calana meM nitAnta akSama vyakti ko bhAle kI tIkSNa noMka se chedA yA bhedA jAya to vaha bola nahIM sakegA, cIkha pukAra nahIM kara sakegA, hilaDula nahIM sakegA tathApi use chedana bhedana kI kriyA se pIr3A to usI prakAra kI dussahya aura dAruNatama hogI jisa prakAra kI ki eka sarvendriya sampanna svastha vyakti ko isa prakAra kI kriyA se hotI hai| isa bhAMti kI vedanA ekendriya jIva ko bhI chedana bhedana prAdi duHkha-dAyinI kriyA se hotI hai| dvAdazAMgI ke prathamAMga prAcArAMga sUtra ke jIva hiMsA niSedhArthaka sUtroM ke sandarbha meM "buDDhaM jajjara theraM" isa gAthA kA artha kiyA jAya to isase bhI yahI bhAva prakaTa hotA hai ki kevala saMghaTTa mAtra se sthAvara kAya ke. ekendriya jIva ko dussahya dAruNa vedanA hotI hai
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________________ 784 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ata: usa ekendriya jIva kI kisI bhI prayojana se yahAM taka ki svarga aura mokSa kI prApti kI AkAMkSA se bhI kabhI na to hiMsA kI jAya, na karavAI jAya, na isa prakAra kI hiMsA karane vAle kA anumodana kiyA jAye aura na isa prakAra kI hiMsA ko bhalA hI kahA jaay| yahAM yaha bAta bhI pratyeka taTastha vyakti ke lie vicAraNIya hai ki vizva ke kisI bhI susabhya deza meM daNDa saMhitA athavA kAnUna kA nirmANa karane vAle chadmastha vyakti bhI soca-vicAra kara yadi usa kAnUna kI kisI bhI dhArA meM kisI prakAra kI chUTa kI AvazyakatA anubhava karate haiM to usa dazA meM usa dhArA ke sAtha apavAda rUpa meM dI jAne vAlI chUTa ke prAvadhAna kA spaSTa ullekha ve karate haiM ThIka isI taraha mUrtipUjA Adi dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnoM ke liye ekendriyAdi jIvoM kI hiMsA karanA Avazyaka samajhA jAtA to AcArAMga meM isa chUTa kA prAvadhAna avazya hotaa| kAnUna banAte samaya chadmastha hote hue bhI kAnUna banAne vAle jaba isa bAta kA pUrA dhyAna rakhate haiM ki kAnUna meM kisI prakAra kI bhUla na raha jAya / to isa prakAra kI sthiti meM trikAladarzI tIrthaMkara bhagavAna se tIrtha-pravartana kAla meM saMsAra ke samakSa dharma kA svarUpa prakaTa karate samaya prathama dezanA dete samaya kisI prakAra ko bhUla raha gayI ho, isa prakAra kI kalpanA to kevala ekAntataH mithyAtvI abhavyAtmA hI kara sakatI hai / atItAnAgata vartamAna ina tInoM kAla ke samagra bhAvoM ko hastAmalaka vat dekhane jAnane vAle tIrthezvara se isa prakAra ko bhUla kI aMza mAtra bhI apekSA koI Astika bhavya nahIM kara sktaa| isa prakAra sUrya ke prakAza kI bhAMti pUrNataH spaSTa sthiti meM tIrthezvara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jisa samaya yaha pharamAyA ___"se bemi je ya aIyA je ya paDuppannA je ya AgamissA arahaMtA bhagavaMtA te savve evamAikkhaMti evaM bhAsaMti evaM paNNaveMti evaM paruti savve pAraNA savve bhUyA savve jIvA savve sattA na haMtavvA na ajjAveyavavA na paridhetavvA na paritAveyavvA na uddaveyavvA, esa dhamme suddhe niie sAsae samicca loyaM kheyaNNehi paveie, taMjahA-uTThiesuvA aNuTThiesuvA, uvaTThiesuvA aNuvaTThiesuvA uvaraya daMDesuvA aNuvaraya daMDesuvA sovahiesuvA aNuvahiesuvA saMjogaraesuvA asaMjogaraesuvA, taccaceyaM, tahAceyaM assiMceyaM pvucci|" (AcArAMga, a0 4, u01) isI prakAra zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pRthvI, apa, tejas, vAyu aura vanaspati kAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA athavA Arambha samArambha ko abodhi ahita evaM ananta kAla taka bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM bhaTakane kA hetu athavA kAraNa batAte hue pharamAyA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokazAha [ tattha khalu bhagavayA pariNNA paveiyA, imassa ceva jIviyassa varivaMdaNa mANaraNa pUyaNAe, jAimaraNa moyaNAe dukkhapaDigghAya heuM se sayameva vaNassaisatthaM samAraMbhaI graNNehiMvA vaNassaisatthaM samAraMbhAvei aNNe vA vaNassaI satthaM samAraMbhamANe samajA, taM se hiyAe, taM se abohIe esa khalu gaMthe, esa khalu mohe esa khalu mAre esa khalu garae"" / ( AcArAMga sUtra . 1, u. 5 ) / yadi pRthvI apa, tejas, vAyu aura vanaspati kAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA mokSa prApti meM lavaleza mAtra bhI kisI vratI athavA pravratI ke lie sahAyaka hotI to saMsAra ke ananta dAruNa-duHkhoM se saMtrasta saMsArI prANiyoM ke duHkhoM se dravita ho una para dayA kara unheM mukti kA mArga batAne ke lie dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karate samaya spaSTa zabdoM meM apavAda ke rUpa meM pharamA dete ki mokSa kI prApti ke lie pAMca sthAvara kAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kI jA sakatI hai-- usameM koI pApa nahIM koI doSa nahIM / kintu " savva jaga - jIva rakkharaNa-dayaTThayAe bhagavayA pAvayaNaM sukahiyaM" prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra dvitIya bhAga, prathama saMvara dvAra ke isa parama pAvana vacana ke anusAra mukti pradAyI dharma tIrtha kI sthApanA karate samaya isa prakAra kI koI bAta na kaha kara spaSTa zabdoM meM yahI pharamAyA ki pRthvI kAya Adi pAMca sthAvara mAtra ke ekendriya jIvoM kI kisI bhI prayojana ke lie yahAM taka ki mokSa kI prApti taka ke lie bhI hiMsA na kI jAya kyoMki jIva hiMsA ananta kAla taka janma, jarA, mRtyu, adhivyAdhi Adi dussA dAruraNa duHkhoM se zrota-prota saMsAra meM bhaTakAne vAlI hai / 785 pArzvacandrasUri ne to lokAzAha se do Daga prAge car3ha kara AcArAMga sUtra ke adhyayana 1 uddezaka 5 ke uparilikhita pATha ke ullekha ke pazcAt spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai " sUtra matiiM utsarge naI vyavahAri nathI dIsatI / " arthAt sUtra kI mUla bhAvanA meM utsarga evaM apavAda kI koI bAta dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / isa prakAra loMkAzAha ne AgamoM meM pratipAdita jina zAzvata satya tathyoM para prakAza DAlA hai unhIM zrAgamika tathyoM ko zrI pArzvacandrasUri ne bhI pATaNa zrI saMgha, pATaNa meM virAjamAna sabhI gacchoM ke prAcAryoM evaM tatkAlIna jaina jagata ke samakSa rakhA / pArzvacandrasUri ne to lokAzAha se aneka Daga Age bar3hakara tatkAlIna zramaraNoM ke jIvana meM ghara kI huI aisI burAiyoM ko khule patra meM caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa rakhA hai jo burAiyAM sAdhu ke pAMca mahAvratoM meM se prathama ahiMsA, mahAvrata, caturtha nava bAr3a vizuddha brahmacarya vrata aura paMcama aparigraha mahAvrata ina tInoM mahAvratoM
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________________ 786 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ko mUlataH naSTa karane vAlI thiiN| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI yaha bar3e Azcarya kI bAta rahI ki usa samaya ke prAyaH sabhI gacchoM ne ekajuTa ho jisa prakAra kA ghora virodha, jisa prakAra kA mithyA pracAra lokAzAha ke viruddha kiyA, usakA zatAMza bhI pAvacandrasUri ke viruddha nahIM kiyaa| tatkAlIna prAcAryoM aura unake uttaravartI pIr3hI-prapIr3hI ke prAcAryoM ne lokAzAha ke viruddha viSailA mithyA pracAra karane meM kisI prakAra kI koI kasara nahIM rkhii| loMkAgaccha meM bhAnucandra nAma kA koI yati vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI meM nahIM huA, taduparAnta bhI usake nAma se eka kRti prakAzita karavAkara loMkAzAha ke viruddha isa prakAra kA besira-paira kA jhUThA pracAra kiyA gayA ki loMkAzAha sUtroM ko nahIM mAnate the, unhoMne sAmAyika, pauSadha aura dAna kA virodha kiyA / tatkAlIna anya gacchoM ke vidvAnoM ne bhI caupAI Adi kRtiyoM kI racanA kara loMkAzAha ke viruddha viSavamana meM kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM rkhii| kisI eka bAta ko kahane vAlA vyakti yadi nirbuddhi ho to sunane vAloM ko to apanI buddhimattA kA upayoga karanA hI cAhiye / yadi kisI buddhihIna athavA sAmpradAyika vyAmohAbhibhUta vyakti ne binA AgA-pIchA soce kaha diyA ki loMkAzAha zAstroM ko nahIM mAnate the, ve sAmAyika pauSadha aura dAna kA virodha karate the to sunane vAle ko athavA par3hane vAle ko to socanA cAhiye thA ki sAmAyika, pauSadha, vrata, niyama, pratyAkhyAna zAstra svAdhyAya aura dAna ke niSedha ke pazcAt bhI kyA koI dharma nAma kI vastu avaziSTa raha jAtI hai ? nahIM / to phira usa dazA meM sAmAyika pauSadha, dAna aura zAstroM kA virodha karane vAlA vyakti apanI ora udvelita sAgara kI bhAMti adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM umar3ate A rahe loka samUha ko kisa bAta kA upadeza detA aura kisI bhI zAstra ko na mAnane kI dazA meM kisa dharmazAstra evaM kisa dharmagrantha ke AdhAra para upadeza detaa| kyA cArvAka ke isa siddhAMta para upadeza detA ki : yAvajjIvaM sukhaM jIvet, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya, punarAgamanaM kutaH / / jahAM taka AgamoM ko mAnane na mAnane kA prazna hai, lokAzAha ke 58 boloM, 13 praznoM, 34 boloM tathA paramparA viSayaka 54 praznoM se nirvivAdarUpeNa yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki loMkAzAha kI AgamoM ke prati atIva pragAr3ha AsthA evaM usa samaya ke sabhI gacchoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika ananya AsthA thii| AgamoM, niyuktiyoM, cUNiyoM, vRttiyoM evaM AgamoM ke bhASyoM ke gahana evaM talasparzI adhyayana ke anantara jaba unheM pUrNarUpeNa vizvAsa ho gayA ki unameM anekAneka paraspara
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 787 virodhI evaM mUla AgamoM se nitAnta viparIta mAnyatAeM pracura mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiM to unhoMne sarvajJa sarvadarzI zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita, gaNadharoM dvArA grathita evaM caturdaza pUrvadharoM tathA dazapUrvadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI se nirdRr3ha AgamoM ko hI sarvocca prAmANika evaM parama mAnya svIkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha pUrvo ke viccheda athavA antima pUrvadhara AcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke vIra ni0 saM0 1000 ke uttaravartI kAla meM hue prAcAryoM kI kRtiyAM hone ke kAraNa niyuktiyoM, vRttiyoM, cUNiyoM evaM bhASyoM ko amAnya ghoSita kiyaa| niSpakSa dRSTi se zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke prAcIna graMthoM ke ullekhoM para vicAra kiyA jAya to gaNadharoM, caturdaza pUrvadharoM aura kama se kama 10 pUrvadharoM dvArA tIrthaMkara ke upadezoM ke AdhAra para gumphita AgamoM ko aMga ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai / AgamoM meM gaNipiTaka ko dvAdazAMgI kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vIra nirvANa saM0 1000 se uttaravartI prAcAryoM kI kRtiyoM ko aMga kI saMjJA dekara unheM prAgamoM ke tulya mahatva denA aura AgamoM ke sAtha rakhakara unheM paMcAMgI kI saMjJA denA vastutaH sarvajJa bhASita parama pavitra AgamoM kI prAzAtanA karane tulya aparAdha hai / dravya paramparAoM dvArA dharma ke vAstavika mUla Agamika svarUpa meM praviSTa kI gaI vikRtiyoM ko Agama vacana tulya hI sarvamAnya evaM prAmANika ThaharAne ke lakSya se dravya paramparAoM ke sUtradhAroM ne niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, vRttiyoM evaM cUriNayoM ko AgamoM ke samakakSa prAmANika siddha karane ke uddezya se paMcAMgI kI kalpanA kI hai| AgamoM meM dvAdazAMgI, ekAdazAMgI kA ullekha to dRSTigocara hotA hai kintu paMcAMgI ke nAma kA koI saMketa taka bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| lokAzAha ne niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM, vRttiyoM aura cUNiyoM ko amAnya ghoSita karane ke sAtha-sAtha paMcAMgI nAma ko bhI amAnya ghoSita kiyA / dravya paramparAoM kA astitva to vastutaH paMcAMgI para hI nirbhara karatA hai| niyuktiyAM Adi to unheM AgamoM se bhI adhika priya haiM, isI kAraNa unhoMne jAna-bUjhakara lokAzAha ke viruddha yaha nirAdhAra mithyA pracAra kiyA ki luMkA zAstroM ko nahIM maantaa| / jahAM taka dAna ko mAnane na mAnane kA prazna hai loMkAzAha ne dravya paramparAoM dvArA apanI bAr3ebandI ke durlakSya se pratiSThA pada mahotsavAdi avasaroM para prabhAvanA ke nAma para svarNa mudrAeM, raupya mudrAeM Adi logoM ko dAna meM denA athavA bAMTanA prArambha kiyA to isa prakAra ke dAna kA lokAzAha ne virodha kiyaa| jahAM taka sAmAyika aura pauSadha kA prazna hai loMkAzAha ne kabhI kahIM inakA niSedha nahIM kiyaa| lokAzAha ke lagabhaga samasAmayika kaDuvAzAha ne "vi0 saM0 1536 meM, nAilAI (nADolAI) nAmaka nagara meM loMkAzAha ke anuyAyI loMkA
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________________ 788 / [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 gacchIya AcArya RSi bhANA ke sAtha vAda kiyA aura zAstrAnusAra pratimA ko pramANita kiyA aura luMkoM ke 150 ghara apane mata (kaDuvAmata) meM kiye / "1 isa prakAra kA ullekha kaDuvA mata kI paTTAvalI meM upalabdha hai / kaDuvAzAha sAmAyika aura pauSadha ke prabala samarthaka the| yadi lokAzAha ne kabhI kahIM sAmAyika pauSadha kA kiMcitmAtra bhI virodha kiyA hotA to kaDuvAzAha isa viSaya para bhI RSi bhANA se zAstrArtha karate aura usa saMbaMdha meM unakI paTTAvalI meM etadviSayaka ullekha avazyameva hotaa| kaDuvAzAha ke vidvAn ziSya rAmAkarNavedhI ne 326 patroM (657 pRSThoM) ke "lumpaka vRddha huMDI" nAmaka vRhadAkAra grantha kI racanA kii| usameM loMkAzAha kI mUrtipUjA viSayaka mAnyatA kA bar3e vistAra ke sAtha varNana hai| kintu usa pUre graMtha meM eka bhI aisA zabda nahIM hai jisase isa bAta kA saMketa taka bhI milatA ho ki lokAzAha ne kabhI sAmAyika pratikramaNa aura pauSadha jaisI pavitra dharma kriyA kA virodha kiyA ho| - tapAgaccha Adi aneka gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI kevala yahI ullekha hai "tadAnIM ca lukAkhyAllekhakAt vi0 aSTAdhika paMcadazazat 1508 varSe jina pratimotthApanaparaM luMkAmataM pravRttam / / ina ullekhoM se bhI yahI pramANita hotA hai ki lokAzAha ne sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, pauSadha aura dAna kA kabhI virodha nahIM kiyaa| lokAzAha kI lokapriyatA se kSubdha evaM khinna-nitAnta anuttaradAyI lekhakoM ne dharmaprANa loMkAzAha ke prati dharmaniSTha logoM kI pragAr3ha zraddhA ko Thesa pahuMcAne kI durbhAvanA se hI loMkAzAha ke viruddha isa prakAra kA nirAdhAra evaM ekadama jhUThA pracAra kiyA hai| "lokAzAha ane dharma carcA" nAmaka laghIyasI kRti ke lekhaka ne binA kisI prakAra kI khoja athavA chAnabIna ke hI isa loka kI tIna mahatI viDambanAoM meM se "khaNDa khaNDenu pANDityam" isa prathama viDambanA kA Azraya lekara likha diyA hai ki-58 bola lokAzAha kI racanA nahIM apitu dharmasiMhajI kI racanA hai| unheM vikrama saM0 1564 meM kriyoddhAra karane vAle pArzvacandrasUri kI kRti "lukA nA pUchelA tera prazna ane tenA uttaro" ke pazcAt unhIM ke dvArA vi0 saM0 1574 meM nirmita "sthApanA paMcAzikA" aura vi0 saM0 1575 meM pATaNa saMgha aura sabhI gacchoM ko likhe gaye "utsUtra tiraskAra nAmA-vicAra paTa:" zIrSaka vAle unake vRhat patra ko par3hanA caahie| aisA karane para unheM svataH hI apanI zaMkA kA pUrNataH samAdhAna prApta ho jaaygaa| unheM pArzvacandrasUri dvArA likhita 1. kaDuvAmata-gaccha kI paTTAvalI, paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pRSTha 483 . 2. paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1, pRSTha 67
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] lokAzAha [ 786 "utsUtra tiraskAra nAmA-vicAra paTaH" ko par3hakara to vastutaH bar3A hI Azcarya hogA ki usameM tatkAlIna zramaNavarga dvArA pratidina apane AcaraNa meM lAI gaI anAgamika evaM zramaNatva kA samUloccheda karane vAlI duSpravRttiyoM ke sambandha meM saMghAdhyakSoM evaM gacchAdhipatiyoM se jo prazna kiye haiM, unakI zailI bhI loMkAzAha kI 58 bola Adi aitihAsika kRtiyoM kI zailI ke hI anurUpa hai| isa prakAra mahAn dharmoddhAraka evaM abhinava dharmakrAMti ke sUtradhAra dharmaprANa lokAzAha ke viruddha aneka prakAra ke mithyA pracAra evaM aneka prakAra ke SaDyantra kiye gaye kintu kisI prakAra kI pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI "sUrya lambe samaya taka bAdaloM meM chapA nahIM raha sakatA" isa lokokti ko caritArtha karatI haI unake dvArA abhisUtrita krAnti kA tIvra pravAha jaina dharma saMgha meM vyApta vibhinna prakAra kI vikRtiyoM ko sApha karatA huA Age kI ora bar3hatA hI gyaa| jisake lie jaina dharmAvalambI lokAzAha ke prati sadA-sadA kRtajJa rheNge|
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________________ lokAzAha kA jIvana paricaya prAdhyAtmika jIvana lokAzAha ke, lokamAnya mahAn vibhUtiyoM, anupama adhyAtmayogI mahAn AtmAoM ke tulya nitAnta nirbhIka, amita ojasvI, zarad pUrNimA ke pUrNa candra kI dugdha-dhavalA candrikA ke samAna zItala-svaccha-accha udAtta jIvana-caritra para cintana karate samaya aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki jisa adRSTa-amUrta-divya zakti ko apane antaHkaraNa meM avasthita kara mumukSu jana yugAdi se hI prArthanA karate A rahe haiM"asato mAM sadgamaya, tamaso mA jyotirgamayaH", vahI adRSTa-amUrta-divya zakti mUrta rUpa dhAraNa kara loMkAzAha meM prakaTa ho gaI thii| aneka janma-janmAntaroM kI athaka anavarata sAdhanA ke anantara jo acintya amita-ahaSTa-pramUrta divya zakti loMkAzAha meM mUrta rUpa se prakaTa huI usI kA prabhAva aura pariNAma thA ki loMkAzAha ne lagabhaga eka sahasrAbdi se ghora asat evaM ajJAnAndha tama ke nibir3atama andhakAra kI ora pravRtta-unmukha AryadharA ke jaina jagat ko zravaNa bhagavAn dvArA pradazita prakAza aura satpatha kI ora agrasara kiyaa| caturvidha jaina dharma saMgha meM rUDha "gaDDarI-pravAha" ko zArdUlavikrIDita meM parivartita evaM pravRtta kiyaa| lokAzAha ne tatkAlIna caturvidha jaina dharma saMgha kI asthi-majjA aura roma-roma meM racI-pacI, ghulI-milI evaM nasa-nasa meM ramI huI anAgamika ADambarapUrNa mithyA mAnyatAoM-vividha vikRtiyoM-burAiyoM, zramaNa-zramaNIvarga meM vyApta sArvatrika zithilAcAra tathA asAdhujanocita pravRttiyoM aura dharma ke mUla Agamika vizuddha svarUpa meM samaya-samaya para svArthalolupa dravya paramparAoM ke sUtradhAroM dvArA praviSTa karAI gaI vikRtiyoM ko mUlataH viniSTa kara dene ke saduddezya se, dharmoddhAra ke punIta lakSya se eka sazakta dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAtra kiyA / adhyAtma pradhAna dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa para nihita svArtha dravya paramparAoM ke janmadAtAoM dvArA chA diye gaye bAhyADambara evaM adharmapUrNa bhautikatA pradhAna karmakANDoM, vidhi-vidhAnoM ke ghaTATopa tulya AvaraNa-ambAroM ko dharmakrAnti ke pracaNDa pavana se ur3Akara chinna-bhinna kara dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha ne jaina jagat ke jana-jana ko jina prarUpita jaina dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa kA darzana karAyA / unhoMne binA kisI prakAra ke naye mata kA sUtrapAta kiye, apanI ora se eka bhI nayI bAta athavA nayA zabda na kaha kara kevala sarvajJa-sarvadarzI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA vizva ke prANimAtra ke kalyANArtha saMsAra ke samakSa prakaTa kiye gaye dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa kA gaNadharoM dvArA grathita tathA caturdazapUrvadharoM
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 761 athavA dazapUrvadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgo se niyaMr3ha AgamoM ke mUna pATha ke mAdhyama se janajana ko digdarzana kraayaa| AgamoM meM pratipAdita vizvakalyANa ke, sva tathA para ke lie sarvathA nizreyasakArI mukti ke patha se bhaTake hue jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko, tatkAlIna jaina saMgha ke karNadhAra bane dharmAdhyakSoM ko, sUtroM ke mUla pATha unake samakSa prastuta karate hue vinamra zabdoM meM yahI kahA ki dharmatIrtha ke pravartaka zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne to prAtmakalyANa kA, sva-para kalyANa kA, bhayAvahA bhavATavI se bAhara nikalane kA, anantAnanta dAruNa duHkhoM se otaprota saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karane kA isa sUtra meM yaha patha pradarzita kiyA hai, yaha mArga batAyA hai / caturvidha saMgha ke Apa sadasyagaraNa sarvajJa-sarvadarzI prabhu dvArA pradarzita patha se bhinna patha para viparIta dizA meM unmArga para cala kara kahAM pahuMcane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiM ? Aja Apa jisa patha para agrasara ho rahe ho tvarita gati se bar3he cale jA rahe ho, vaha mArga to pAtAla meM girAne vAlA-rasAtala meM pahuMcAne vAlA hai| "DAhyA hoi vicArI jojyo' arthAt viveka kA upayoga kara sAvadhAna ho vicAro-dekho aura tatpazcAt nirNaya karo ki Apako jagad ke bandhu vizva hitaMkara tIrthaMkara prabhu dvArA pradarzita vizvakalyANakArI-sva-para hitakArI patha para agrasara honA hai athavA sAtazIlatva ke vazIbhUta svArthAndha bane zithilAcArI dravyopArjanarata dravya paramparAoM ke karNadhAroM ke caraNa-cinhoM kA anugamana karate hue ghora andhakArapUrNa rasAtala meM pahuMcAne vAle mArga para ; ina donoM mArgoM meM se eka mArga, catura bana kara cuno basa yahI to kahA lokAzAha ne / isase adhika kucha kahA ho, haThAgraha kiyA ho, kisI kA hAtha pakar3a kara use kupatha para na bar3hane ke lie varSa, mAsa, divasa kI bAta to dUra nimezArddha ke lie bhI roka rakhA ho to, koI eka udAharaNa hI batA diijie| basa isake lie loMkAzAha ko-lumpaka, luMgA, dharma lopaka Adi azobhanIya sambodhanoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA aura loMkAzAha ke mAtA-pitA taka para kIcar3a uchAla kara saMsAra ke samakSa apanA nitAnta nimnastarIya citra prakaTa kara diyaa| kRSNa dvaipAyana veda vyAsa ne bhI to aneka sahasra varSa pUrva yahI kahA thA : aSTAdaza purANeSu, vyAsasya vacanaM dvayam / paropakAraH puNyAya pApAya para pIr3anam / / zrI vedavyAsa ne to svayaM dvArA nirmita 18 purANoM kA sAra prakaTa karate hue uparyukta zloka ke mAdhyama se saMsAra ke samakSa apanA yaha abhimata prakaTa kiyA thA ki yadi koI vyakti janma-maraNa ke mahApAza se vimukta ho saccidAnandaghana svarUpa ko, "yadgatvA na nivartante taddhAmaM paramaM mama ," usa paramadhAma mokSadhAma ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai to dUsaroM kA bhalA kare, saMsAra ke prANimAtra ke prANoM kI rakSA kare aura isake viparIta yadi koI vyakti ananta-anantakAla taka bhayAvahA bhavATavI meM, naraka pazu-pakSI, kITa-pataMga Adi yoniyoM meM bhaTakate rahane kA icchUka
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________________ 762 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- bhAga 4 hai to vaha saMsArI jIvoM ko pIr3A pahuMcAkara, prANiyoM kI hiMsA kara usa ghora pApa kA arjana kare jo dAruNa duHkhoM kI nidhAna vividha yoniyoM meM prANI ko bhaTakAne vAlA hai| para loMkAzAha ne to pavitra jainAgamoM meM gaNadharoM dvArA nibaddha vItarAga vANI ko hI akSarazaH doharAte hue jaina jagat ke jana-jana ke samakSa sarvajJa-sarvadarzI zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMdeza ko rakhA-"kisI bhI prANI kI, kisI bhI jIva kI, kisI bhI dazA meM kabhI hiMsA na kI jAya, use kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa na pahaMcAyA jAya, yahI saccA, zuddha aura zAzvata dharma hai / yadi koI vyakti svayaM ke athavA apane AzritoM ke paripoSaNa ke liye, mAna-sammAna, pratiSThA ke lie aura yahAM taka ki janma-jarA-mRtyu se chuTakArA pAne svarUpa mokSa pada kI prApti ke lie bhI pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati ina pAMca sthAvarakAya ke ekendiya jIva kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai, use kisI prakAra kA kaSTa pahaMcAtA hai to vahapApa usake liye ahitakara hai, vaha kabhI bodhi (samyakta va-samyag jJAna, samyagdarzana, samyag cAritra rUpI ratnatrayI) prApta nahIM kara sakatA aura usa pApa ke pariNAmasvarUpa anantakAla taka dussahya dAruNa duHkhoM ko bhogatA huA saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai / suspaSTa zabdoM meM isa prakAra pharamAte samaya zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sampUrNa AgamoM meM kahIM para bhI yaha nahIM kahA ki yadi dharma kArya ke niSpAdana ke lie paMca sthAvarakAya meM se kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA kI jAya to usa prakAra kI hiMsA "hiMsA' kI gaNanA athavA koTi meM nahIM aavegii|" isI prakAra ke dharma ke sacce svarUpa ko prakaTa karane vAle aura vizvakalyANakArI jaina dharma ke zAzvata satya vizuddha svarUpa meM kisI bhI prakAra ke vikAra ke praveza kA koI bhI avakAza avaziSTa na rakhane vAle, tIrthakara prabhu mahAvIra ke AgamoM meM nibaddha prANimAtra ke liye hitakArI bahuta se saMdezoM ko caturvidha jaina saMgha ke sabhI sadasyoM ke samakSa vartamAna meM upalabdha 13 prAgamika praznoM, 34 boloM, 58 boloM aura paramparA viSayaka 54 praznoM tathA sAmprata kAla meM anupalabdha kintu rAmA karNa vedhI kI 326 pRSThoM kI vRhadAkAra "lumpaka vRhad huNDI" nAmaka racanA meM saMketa rUpeNa sUcita apanI saMbhAvita anyAnya kRtiyoM evaM anumAnita amita upadezoM ke mAdhyama se loMkAzAha ne rkhaa| tapAgaccha Adi aneka gacchoM kI paTTAvaliyoM meM upalabdha pratimotthApaka mata kI sthApanA viSayaka ullekhoM se yaha to nirvivAda rUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki lokAzAha ne jaina dharma ke mUla vizuddha Agamika svarUpa meM zatAbdiyoM pUrva praviSTa karAye gaye vikAroM ko dUra karane ke lakSya se vikrama saMvat 1508 meM eka abhiyAna prArambha kara diyA thA, dharmoddhAra hetu eka zIta krAMti kA sUtrapAta kara diyA thaa| isI granthamAlA meM prastuta kiye jA rahe caturtha bhAga ke 642 se 646 pRSThoM para chape
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 763 "laMkAmata pratibodha kulaka" se yaha tathya bhI prakAza meM AtA hai ki vi0 saM0 1530 taka athavA isase pUrva hI paMnyAsa pada vibhUSita harSa-kIrti jaise vidvAn zramaNAgraNI bhI apane ziSya parivAra ke sAtha apanI-apanI zithilAcAra parAyaNa zramaNa paramparAoM kA athavA gacchoM kA parityAga kara loMkAzAha dvArA pUnaH prakAza meM lAye gaye vizuddha Agamika patha ke pathika bana gaye the aura loMkAzAha dvArA abhisUtrita kI gaI abhinava zIta dharmakrAnti ke agradUta athavA saMdezavAhaka ke rUpa meM lokAzAha ke abhinava Agamika saMdeza ko jana-jana taka pahuMcAne meM sarvAtmanAsarvabhAvena saMlagna ho cuke the| kaDuvAmata-gaccha kI paTTAvalI isa sambandha meM eka bar3e hI AzcaryakArI navIna tathya kA udghATana karatI hai / kaDuvAmata paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra kaDuvAzAha nAmaka eka kizora Agamika paMnyAsa harikIrti ke pAsa rUpapurA-ahamadAbAda kI eka zUnya zAlA meM pahu~cA / paM0 harikIrti zuddha prarUpaka saMvega pakSIya sAdhu the / kaDuvAzAha ne paM0 harikIrti ko apanA paricaya dete hue prArthanA kI ki kRpA kara ve use zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA pradAna kreN| paM0 harikIti ne socA--maiM agara isako yogya mArga na dikhAU~gA to yaha kisI kapaTI kuguru ke jAla meM phaMsa jAyegA, unhoMne kaDuvA se kahA-"prathama, dazavakAlika ke 4 adhyayana par3hane se hI dIkSA pAlI jA sakatI hai, isa vAste tuma dazavaikAlika ke 4 adhyayana pddh'o|" usane svIkAra kiyA aura paM0 harikIrti ke pAsa dazavakAlika ke cAra adhyayana artha ke sAtha par3he / cAra adhyayana par3hane ke bAda kaDuA ne unheM pUchA-"pUjya ! siddhAnta mArga to isa prakAra kA hai, taba Ajakala sAdhu isa mArga ke anusAra kyoM nahIM calate ? harikIrti ne kahA-"abhI tuma par3ho aura suno, bAda meM siddhAnta kI carcA meM utrnaa|" mahatA kaDuvA ne paMnyAsa ke pAsa sArasvata vyAkaraNa, kAvya zAstra, chanda zAstra, cintAmaNi pramukha vAdazAstra par3he aura AcArAMga Adi sUtroM ke artha sunakara ve pravINa hue| bAda meM paMnyAsa harikIrti ne kaDuvA ko kahA- "he vatsa ! aAcArAMga Adi sUtroM meM jo sAdhu kA AcAra likhA hai vaha Aja ke sAdhunoM meM dekhA nahIM jAtA, Aja ke sarva yati pUjA-pratiSThA kalpita dAna Adi kAryoM meM lage huye haiM, jina mandiroM ke rakSaka bane hue haiM, kyoMki vartamAna meM dasavAM accherA (Azcarya) cala rahA hai, yaha kaha kara usane "ThAraNAMga" sUtra kI Azcarya pratipAdaka gAthAeM, saMgha paTTaka kI gAthAeM aura "SaSTizataka prakaraNa" kI gAthAeM sunAkara vartamAnakAlIna sAdhunoM kI prAcAra hInatA kA varNana kiyA aura usakI zraddhA kuNThita karane ke liye harikIrti ne pichale samaya meM jaina zramaNoM meM hone vAlI dhar3AbandiyoM kA vivaraNa sunaayaa| unhoMne kahA-"1156 meM paurNamika, 1204 meM kharatara, 1213 meM acala, 1236 meM sArddha paurNamika, 1250 meM tristutika, 1285 meM tapA apaneapane prAgraha se utpanna hue| 1508 meM luMkA ne apane Agraha se mata claayaa| aba tuma hI kaho ki ina naye gaccha pravartakoM meM se kisako yugapradhAna kahanA aura kisako
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________________ 764 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 nhiiN| isa samaya zAstrokta catuSparvI kI AmnAya bhI dikhatI nhiiN| jahAM yuga pradhAna hogA, vahAM ukta sabhI bAteM eka rUpa meM hI hoNgii| isaliye tuma zrI yuga pradhAna kA dhyAna karate hue zrAvaka ke veza meM "saMvarI" bana kara raho, jisase tumhArI AtmA kA kalyANa ho|" "zAha kaDuvA ne jaina siddhAntoM kI bAteM sunI thIM, usako harikIrti kI bAta ThIka jaMcI / vaha sAdhutA kI bhAvanA vAlA prAsuka jala pItA, acita AhAra karatA, apane nimitta nahIM banAyA huA vizuddha AhAra zrAvaka ke ghara se letA / brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA, 12 vrata dhAraNa karatA, kisI para mamatA na rakhatA huA pRthvI para vicarane lgaa.|" "kaDuvAzAha ne sarvaprathama pATaNa meM lImbA mahatA ko pratibodha diyA / saMvat 1524 meM zAha mehatA lImbA ne zAha kaDuvA ko virAgI jAnakara apane ghara bhojanArtha bulaayaa".......""| lImbA jaina dharma kA zraddhAlu bana gayA"1 "saMvat 1525 meM vIrama gAMva meM 300 ghara apane mata meM liye, saMvat 1526 meM saMlakkhapura meM cAturmAsya kara..150 ghara apane mata meM liye / saM0 1526 meM ahamadAbAda meM...700 ghara apane mata meM kiye / saM0 1526 meM khambhAta meM....500 ghara, saM0 1530 meM mADala meM........500 ghara,.......saM0 1533 meM cAMpAnera meM 300 ........"tathA karAda meM 900 ghara apane mata meM liye| saM0 1536 se 1538 taka kramazaH rAdhanapura, moravAr3A meM cAturmAsa kara sodU gAMva Adi meM apanA mata phailAyA tathA saM0 1538 meM sarvatra vihAra kiyaa| saM0 1536 meM nADolAI meM RSi bhAraNA (loMkAmatI) ke sAtha vAda kiyA aura zAstrAnusAra pratimA ko pramANita kiyA aura luMkA ke 150 ghara apane mata meM liye| saM0 1540 meM pATana meM cAturmAsa kiyA aura 600 ghara kaDuvA ke samavAya meM hue|" _zAha zrI kaDuvA 16 varSa gRhastha rUpa meM rahe, 10 varSa sAmAnya saMvarI ke rUpa meM rahe, 40 varSa taka (vi0 saM0 1524 se 1564 taka) apane samavAya ke paTTadhara ke rUpa meM rahakara 66 varSa kI umra meM (vi0 saM0 1564 meM) paralokavAsI hue| yadyapi kaDuvA mata paTTAvalI meM yaha to spaSTa ullekha hai ki kaDuvA zAha ne sArasvata vyAkaraNa se lekara AgamoM aura vAda zAstroM kA adhyayana paM0 harikIrti ke pAsa ahamadAbAda ke rUpapurA mohallA kI zUnya zAlA meM rahakara kiyA kintu isa prakAra kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai ki unhoMne kisa saMvat meM paMnyAsa hari 1. kar3avA-mata gaccha kI paTTAvalI, paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pRSTha-482 2. kaDuvA-mata gaccha paTTAvalI, paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pR0 483 3. vahI, pRSTha 463
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________________ sAmAnma zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 765 kIti ke pAsa par3hanA prArambha kiyA aura kisa samvat meM paMnyAsa harikIrti ne unase yaha prazna kiyA ki loMkAzAha Adi meM se kisako yugapradhAna mAnA jAya / isake uparAnta bhI paTTAvalI meM ullikhita kaDuvAzAha ke janma, gahasthavAsa, sAmAnya saMvarIkAla, paTTadhara kAla aura unake paraloka gamana kI tithi Adi tathyoM se sahaja hI yaha nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ve kisa saMvat se kisa saMvata taka paMnyAsa harikIti ke pAsa vyAkaraNa, chanda zAstra, vAda zAstra aura AgamoM kA adhyayana karate rahe aura kisa saMvat meM paMnyAsa harikIrti ne unase yaha prazna karane ke pazcAt ki loMkAzAha Adi meM se kisako yugapradhAna mAnA jAya, unheM zrAvaka ke veza meM "saMvarI" bane raha kara Atma kalyANa karate rahane kA parAmarza diyA gyaa| __ kaDuvAzAha kA janma nADolAI gAMva meM bIsA nAgara jAtIya brAhmaNa kAnajI mahatA kI dharmapatnI kI kukSi se vi0 saM0 1465 meM huaa| ATha varSa kI vaya hote hI bAlaka kaDuvA mehatA harihara ke pada banAne laga gayA thaa|' saMyogavazAt aMcala gaccha ke eka zrAvaka ke mAdhyama se bAlaka kaDuvAzAha aMcala gaccha ke zramaNoM ke samparka meM paayaa| kaDuvA jaina dharma ke vizvakalyANakArI siddhAntoM kI ora AkarSita huA aura pUrva janma ke saMskAroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa vaha saMsAra se virakta ho gyaa| usane mAtA-pitA se anurodha kiyA ki ve use zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hone kI AjJA pradAna kreN| . apane putra ke isa prastAva se brAhmaNa dampatti bar3e khinna evaM ruSTa hue / satat anurodha ke uparAnta bhI bAlaka kaDuvA ko zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hone kI apane mAtA-pitA se anujJA nahIM milI to dIkSA grahaNa karane kI dhuna meM vaha eka dina ghara chor3akara idhara-udhara ghUmatA huA ahamadAbAda pahu~cA aura rUpapurA kI zUnyazAlA meM upasthita huaa| usa samaya bAlaka kaDuvAzAha kI Ayu lagabhaga 13 varSa kI anumAnita kI jA sakatI hai| isa anumAna ke AdhAra para yaha kahanA yukti saMgata hI hogA ki kaDuvAzAha ne vi. saM. 1507 se 1508 ke bIca kisI samaya paMnyAsa harikIti ke pAsa upasthita hokara vyAkaraNa, chanda zAstra nyAya evaM AgamoM kA adhyayana prArambha kiyaa| ina saba vidyAoM evaM prAgamoM kA jJAnopArjana kara pAraMgata hone meM sutIkSNa buddhizAlI evaM pratibhAsampanna kaDuvAzAha ko kama se kama 6-7 varSa kA samaya to avazya hI lagA hogA / isa prakAra vikrama saMvat 1514 ke Asa-pAsa apanA adhyayana sampanna ho jAne ke pazcAt apane guru paMnyAsa harikIrti se paMcamahAvatoM kI zramaNa dIkSA pradAna karane kI prArthanA kI hogii| usI samaya vi. saM. 1514 meM paMnyAsa harikIrti ne kaDuvAzAha se prazna kiyA hogA ki paurNamika, kharatara, aMcala, sArddha paurNamika tristutika tathA tapAgaccha ke prAcAryoM aura vi. saM. 1508 meM apane Agraha se nayA mata calAne vAle loMkAzAha meM se kisa ko 1. kaDuvA-mata gaccha paTTAvalI, paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha, pR0 480 / . . ....
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________________ 796 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 yuga pradhAna mAnA jAya / 1514 se 1524 taka kaDuvA sAmAnya saMvarI rahA aura 1524 se saM. 1564 taka kaDuvA mata kA prAcArya rhaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se kaDuvA mata kI paTTAvalI kA yaha ullekha bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa hai / isase nirvivAda rUpeNa yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki vi. saM. 1514 se pahale hI loMkAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI zAnta dharmakrAnti saphala ho cukI thii| lokAzAha dvArA punaH prakAza meM lAye gaye jainAgamoM meM pratipAdita jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa ko mAnane vAloM kI saMkhyAM itanI bar3ha cukI thI athavA itanI drutagati se bar3hatI calI jA rahI thI ki usake bar3hate hue vega ko dekhakara prAyaH anyAnya sabhI gacchoM ke adhinAyaka apane-apane gaccha ke astitva ko saMkaTApanna sthiti meM anubhava karane laga gaye the| "paurNamika Adi uparyukta pAMca gacchoM ke prAcAryoM aura luMkA meM se arthAt ina lukA Adi chaH meM se kisako yugapradhAnAcArya mAnA jAya ?" paMnyAsa harikIrti dvArA kaDuvAzAha se kiyA gayA yaha prazna jahAM eka ora loMkAzAha aura unake anuyAyiyoM kI lokapriya saMgaThita zakti kI ora saMketa karatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora satyAnveSI zodhapriya vidvAnoM kA isa dizA meM gahana khoja ke lie bhI AhvAna karatA hai ki kyA vi. saM. 1514 se pahale ve zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita bhI ho cuke the| kyoMki harikIti ke prazna meM prayukta "yuga pradhAna" zabda parokSAparokSa rUpa se unake muni hone kA saMketa isa dRSTikoNa se karatA hai| jaina paramparA meM yuga pradhAna pada ke liye kevala zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita vidvAna kA nAma hI liyA jA sakatA hai / AzA hai zodhapriya vidvAna isa viSaya meM gahana khoja kA prayAsa kreNge| paMnyAsa harikIti apane samaya ke vizruta Agama marmajJa, vayovRddha evaM bar3e hI nispRha zramaNottama the| unhoMne kaDuvAzAha jaise pratibhA sampanna medhAvI viraktAtmA sarvathA suyogya zikSArthI ko, usake dvArA kiye gaye anurodha ke uparAnta bhI ziSyalobha kA saMvaraNa kara, par3hA-likhA kara adhikArika vidvAn banA dene ke anantara bhI, ziSya ke rUpa meM zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita nahIM kiyaa| use jIvanabhara zrAvaka ke veza meM saMvarI bane rahane kA hI parAmarza diyaa| isase unakI mahAnatA prakaTa hotI hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM paMnyAsa harikIti ke isa kathana meM kisI prakAra ke saMzaya ke lie koI kiMcitmAtra bhI avakAza nahIM raha jAtA ki vikrama saM0 1514 meM loMkAzAha dvArA puna: prakAza meM lAye gaye vizuddha mUla jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM kA saMgaThana eka bar3A hI zaktizAlI saMgaThana bana gayA thA, jise ki loMkAzAha ke jIvanakAla meM virodhiyoM ne dveSavaza lumpaka mata, luMgA gaccha aura kAlAntara meM sambhavataH unake svarga gamana ke pazcAt unake anuyAyiyoM ne hI loMkAzAha kI smRti ko cirasthAyI banAye rakhane ke liye loMkAgaccha nAma pradAna kiyaa|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 767 - kaDuvAmata kI paTTAvalI ke upayuddha ta ullekha se, laMkAmata kulaka meM nihita vivaraNa se aura tapAgaccha loMkAgaccha Adi aneka paTTAvaliyoM ke isa prakAra ke ullekhoM se ki vi0 saM0 1508 meM laMkA lokAzAha se luMkAmata pracalita huA, una sabhI paTTAvaliyoM aura vidvAnoM kI kRtiyoM ke ve vivaraNa nitAnta nirAdhAra evaM asatya siddha hote haiM, jinameM ullekha hai ki vi0 saM0 1527, 1528 athavA 1530 meM lokAzAha ne zAstroM kA lekhana prArambha kiyA aura vi0 saM0 1531 meM laMkAmata pracalita huA / vastutaH isa prakAra kA ullekha karane vAle loMkAgacchIya paTTAvalIkAroM ke sira para bhasmagraha kA bhUta savAra rahA / lukAgaccha ke vidvAnoM se bhinna anya vidvAnoM ke pAsa isa prakAra kA ullekha karane ke pIche andhAnukaraNa ke atirikta anya koI AdhAra nahIM thaa| isa prakAra kI suspaSTa sthiti meM bhaviSya meM lokAzAha ke jIvana-caritra para aura loMkAgaccha ke paricaya para lekhanI calAte samaya isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA paramAvazyaka ho jAyagA ki ve isa prakAra ke tathya-vihIna nirAdhAra ullekhoM ko kisI prakAra kA mahatva na deN| lokAzAha ne vi0 sa0 1508 meM ekamAtra isI uddezya se parama zAnta dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA ki vizvakalyANakArI jaina dharma ke mUla svarUpa meM vIra nirvANa saM0 1000 ke pazcAt jo burAiyAM praviSTa karA dI gaIM thIM caturvidha dharma saMgha meM dharma ke nAma para doSapUrNa pravRttiyoM, ADambarapUrNa aise anuSThAnoM kA pracalana ho gayA thA jinase pRthvI, apa, tejasa, vAyu aura vanaspatikAya ke ekendriya (sthAvara) prANiyoM kI aura ina pAMcoM sthAvarakAya ke prArambha samArambha se sthAvarakAya ke Azrita trasajIvoM kI hiMsA, virAdhanA, avazyambhAvI hai, isa prakAra kI burAiyoM ko sadoSa pravRttiyoM ko samApta kiyA jAya / lokAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI vaha dharma krAMti svalpakAla meM hI saphala hii| loMkAzAha dvArA pradarzita usa vizuddha evaM mUla Agamika prazasta patha ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA lAkhoM se Upara pahuMca gaI kintu loMkAzAha ne kisI gaccha athavA mata kI sthApanA nahIM kii| unheM vizvAsa thA ki usa zAnta dharmakrAnti se sampUrNa caturvidha saMgha ke mAnasa meM eka vyApaka parivartana paayegaa| usa mAnasika parivartana ke pariNAmasvarUpa eka na eka dina sampUrNa jaina saMgha sAmpradAyika abhiniveza, gacchavyAmoha se pUrNataH vimukta ho tIrthaM pravartanakAla meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita aura gaNadharoM dvArA AgamoM meM pratipAdita dharma ke vizuddha svarUpa ko mAnane laga jaaygaa| unakI AzA ke anurUpa harSakIrti pramukha paMnyAsa pada vibhUSita vidvAn zramaNottama, aneka ajJAta nAmA zramaNa tathA lAkhoM zrAvaka-zrAvikAgaNa doSapUrNa pravRttiyoM kA, apane-apane parigraha lolupa zithilAcAronmukhI gacchoM kA parityAga kara Agama pratipAdita vizuddha-nirdoSa vikRti-vihIna dharma patha ke pathika bana gye| kisI naye gaccha kI, naye saMgaThana kI sthApanA karanA vastutaH pahale se hI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM vidyamAna gacchoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi karane aura saMgha meM vyApta vibheda ko aura bar3hAne tulya hogA, isI vicAra
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________________ 768 ] | jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 se lokAzAha ne logoM ke pUchane para svayaM ko aura apane Apa ko jaina athavA jinamatI kI saMjJA se hI abhihita kiyaa| jina zithilAcAraparAyaNa logoM ke dravyArjana meM, parigraha bar3hAne meM isa zAnta dAnta dharmakrAnti ke vyApaka prasAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa bAdhA pahaMcI thI, una logoM ne loMkAzAha dvArA vizaddha Agamika dharma patha para ArUr3ha kiye gaye una jinamatI jainoM ke samUha ko luMmpaka gaccha athavA luMkAgaccha ke nAma se abhihita karanA prArambha kiyaa| lokAzAha kA evaM lokAzAha dvArA zubhAzaya se prArabdha zAntipUrNa krAnti kA jaina dharma ke mahAn siddhAntoM ke prati, jinezvara ke prati aura jinezvara dvArA pradarzita evaM gaNadharoM dvArA AgamoM meM nibaddha vizvahitaiSI jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha AsthA rakhane vAle pratyeka jaina ne agAdha AhlAdapUrNa antarmana se svAgata kiyA / SaDjIva nikAya ke jIvoM ne vizeSataH pAMca sthAvara nikAya ke jIvoM ne, jinakA ki zatAbdiyoM se dharma ke nAma para andhAdhundha saMhAra hotA calA A rahA thA aura jise samApta karane ke uddezya se lokAzAha ne dayAdravita ho dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA thA, lokAzAha ke prati hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karate hue unheM mUka mudrA meM anekAneka zubhAzIrvAda diye| jina zithilAcAraparAyaNa aura parigraha ke ambAra meM pAnakha zikha dhaMse nAmadhArI zramaNoM kI sukha-suvidhA meM, pUjA-pratiSThA meM loMkAzAha ke upadezoM se kamI AI, unhoMne lokAzAha ko pAnI pI-pIkara kosA, una para asabhyatApUrNa apazabdoM kI jhaDI sI lagA dii| lokAzAha ke viruddha vividha prakAra ke Sar3ayantra kiye| kintu amita AtmavalI sAhasapuJja lokAzAha isase kabhI kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue| ve to gItA meM varNita prajahAti yadA kAmAnsarvAn pArtha manogatAn / AtmanyevAtmanA tuSTaH, sthitaprajJastadocyate / / duHkheSvanudvignamanA, sukheSu vigata spRhaH / vItarAgabhayaH krodhaH, sthitadhi, nirucyate / / yaH sarvatrAnabhisnehastattatprApya zubhAzubham / nAbhinandati na dveSTi, tasya prajJA pratiSThitAH / / sthita prajJatA ko apane antarmana meM saMjAye dharmaprANa loMkAzAha karmaNyevAdhikAraste, mA phaleSu kadAcana / mA karmaphala heturbhUrmA, te saMGgo'stvakarmaNi / / / isa vacana ke anusAra nitAnta nilipta-nissaMga. bhAva se mahAn karmayogI bane hue vizuddha mUla prAgamika jina prarUpita jainadharma ke patha para jana-jana ko prArUDha evaM agrasara karane meM jIvanabhara aharniza nirata rahe / "mittI me savva bhUesu, veraM majha na keNai," yaha jainatva kA pratIka vizvabandhutva kA bhAva to lokAzAha kI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 766 asthi-majjA meM, roma-roma meM prota-prota thaa| loMkAzAha ne apane anuyAyiyoM ko bhI antima zvAsa taka binA zatru mitra kA bheda kiye jainatva ke pratIka svarUpa isa bhAva para ar3e rahane kA, DaTe rahane kA upadeza diyaa| lokAzAha dvArA apane anuyAyiyoM ke antarmana meM DhAle gaye ina vizvabandhutva ke bhAvoM kA hI pratiphala thAamiTa prabhAva thA ki lokAzAha ke svargastha ho cukane ke lagabhaga 65 varSa pazcAt bhI vi0 saM0 1636 meM lokAzAha ke devajI nAmaka anuyAyI ne tatkAlIna jina zAsana prabhAvaka tapA gaccha ke 58 veM gacchAdhipati zrI hIravijayasUri ko apane yahAM Azraya dekara mugaloM se unakI rakSA kI / ' ye saba tathya isa bAta ke dyotaka haiM ki loMkAzAha kA AdhyAtmika jIvana athAha sAgara tulya gAmbhIrya se aotaprota aura lokAkAza kI UMcAI tulya ucca thaa| unakA sthAna devaddhigariNakSamAzramaNa ke svargArohaNAntara jitane bhI kriyoddhAraka, dharmoddhAraka hue, unameM sarvocca thaa| lokAzAha ne vikaTa se vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM bhI sarvajJa praNIta zAzvata satya siddhAntoM ko balivedI para car3hAkara asatya ke pakSadharoM ke sAtha samajhautA nahIM kiyaa| zAzvata satya siddhAntoM kI rakSA ke liye nirbhIkatA aura sAhasa ke sAtha niraMtara jUjhate rahane vAle sudIrgha atIta meM hue kuvalaya prabha nAmaka mahAna AcArya se bhI lokAzAha bahuta Age bar3ha gaye / ati purAtana huNDAvasarpiNI kAla meM kuvalayaprabha nAma ke eka mahAn kriyAniSTha prAcArya hue haiN| unakA AkhyAna mahA nizItha meM vidyamAna hai / unake samaya meM asaMyata pUjA nAmaka dazama Azcarya ke prabala prabhAva ke kAraNa cAroM ora zithilAcArI caityavAsiyoM kA daura daurA thA, prAbalya thaa| ve kevala nAma mAtra se hI zramaNa kahalAte the| unakA prAcAra vicAra zAstroM meM pratipAdita zramaNAcAra se pUrNataH pratikUla thA / ve caitya nirmANa, dravya pUjA aura ADambara pUrNa anuSThAnoM ko hI mokSa pradAyI vAstavika dharma mAnate the| bhAva pUjA meM unakA koI vizvAsa nahIM thaa| ve caityoM meM niyata nivAsa karate, prArambha, samArambha meM nirata rahate prAdhAkarmI AhAra karate aura apane pAsa dravya rakhate the / apratihata vihAra karate hue AcArya kuvalayaprabha eka samaya una caityavAsiyoM ke bIca jA pahu~ce / unakI tapopUta zAnta mukha mudrA para aura tatva vivecana kI hRdayahAriNI pravacana zailI para caityavAsI mugdha ho unase prArthanA karane lage-"prAcArya pravara ! hama para kRpA kara isa bAra kA cAturmAsAvAsa hamAre yahIM kIjiye / Apake parama prabhAvotpAdaka upadezoM se hamAre nagara ke pratyeka bhAga meM, hara galI meM gagana cumbI vizAla caityoM ke nirmANa ho jaayeNge|" 1. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI (paM0 kalyANa vijaya jI dvArA sampAdita) pRSTha-227 aura prastuta graMtha (jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga-4) pRSTha 586
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________________ 800 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 . prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ne una caityavAsiyoM ke prAgama viruddha prAcAra-vicAra se avagata hote hue bhI bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha kahA-"bho bho piyaMvae ! jaI vi jiNAlae .tahAvi sAvajjamiNaM NAhaM vAyAmitteNaM pi eyaM paayrijjaa|" yaha sunakara una unmArgagAmI caityavAsiyoM ne kuvalaya prabha prAcArya ko "sAvadhAcArya" ke nAma se sambodhita karanA prArambha kara diyaa| unakA yaha asammAnajanaka nAma cAroM ora prasiddha ho gyaa| kAlAntara meM unhIM caityavAsiyoM ke saMgha ne apane samakSa upasthita huI caityAlaya meM jIrNoddhAra kA kArya sAdhu dvArA kiye athavA na kiye jAne viSayaka samasyA ko sulajhAne ke liye unhIM sAvadhAcArya ke nAma se loka vizruta kuvalaya prabha prAcArya ko AgrahapUrNa prArthanA kara apane nagara meM bulaayaa| jisa samaya ve prAcArya usa nagara meM pahuMce unakI agavAnI ke liye sAmane pahuMce hue caityavAsI zramaraNa zramaNiyoM meM se eka zramaNI ne unake tapopUta tIrthaMkaropama bhavya vyaktitva ke prabhAva se sudhabudha kho sahasA unake caraNoM para apanA bhAla rakha diyaa| svayaM kuvalaya prabha aura sabhI caityavAsI zramaNa Adi AzcaryAbhibhUta evaM avAk ho use dekhate hI raha gye| kisI ke mukha se koI zabda nahIM niklaa| eka dina kuvalaya prabha AcArya ne caityavAsiyoM ke samakSa mahAnizItha kA vAcana prArambha kiyA / vyAkhyAna dete samaya nimnalikhita gAthA kuvalaya prabha AcArya ke sammukha AI jatthitthikarapharisaM, aMtariyaMkAraNe vi uppanne / arahA vi karejja sayaM, taM gacchaM mUlaguNa mukkaM / isa gAthA ko dekhate hI AcArya kuvalayaprabha duvidhA meM par3a gye| caityavAsiyoM ne unakI kaThinAI ko tAr3a liyA aura isa gAthA para vyAkhyAna dene ke lie bArambAra bala dene lage / aura koI upAya na dekha kara AcArya kuvalayaprabha ne gAthA kA artha sunaayaa| gAthA kA artha sunate hI caityavAsI una para hAvI ho kahane lage--"smaraNa hai Apako? usa dina zramaNI ne Apake caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakha kara ApakA sparza kiyA thaa| kahAM rahA ApakA mUla guNa ?" _prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ne mana hI mana socA-"pahalI bAra AyA thA taba to inhoMne mujhe "sAvadhAcArya" jaisA apamAnajanaka pada pradAna kiyA, aba isa bAra na mAlUma merA kisa prakAra kA asahya apamAna kareMge" apanI rakSA kA anya koI mArga na dekhakara anta meM unhoMne utsarga evaM apavAda donoM mArgoM ko zramaNa-zramaNI varga ke liye svIkAra karate hue kahA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 801 "....... ussaggAvavAehi Agame Thio tujjheNa yANaha / egate micchatthaM, jiNANamANA prnnegntaa|" unmArgagAmI caityavAsI to unake muMha se yahI kahalavAnA cAhate the, jisase ki apavAda mArga kA avalambana le apane anAgamika zithilAcAra ko ve ucita batA skeN| ve caityavAsI to kuvalayaprabhAcArya ke mukha se yaha suna kara AnandAtireka se unmatta ho aTTahAsa karane lage kintu Agama viruddha bAta kahakara kuvalaya prabhAcArya ne sudIrghakAla taka bhava bhramaNa karAne vAlI pApa prakRtiyoM kA bandha kara liyaa| zithilAcAriyoM ke sarvAtizAyI sarvocca varcasva, dharma ke nAma para adharmapUrNa pravRttiyoM kA prAbalya evaM bAhulya, haThAgraha, pArasparika vidveSa evaM pUrva ke jJAna sevihIna AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM ko AgamoM ke samakakSa prAmANikatA pradAna kara ekAdazAMgI kI bhA~ti hI paMcAMgI ke kapolakalpita nAma se unakI aMgarUpa meM mAnyatA Adi jisa prakAra kI nitAMta pratikUla paristhitiyAM AcArya kuvalaya prabha ke samakSa thIM, ThIka usI prakAra kI viparIta paristhitiyAM lokAzAha ke samakSa bhI thiiN| AcArya kuvalayaprabha, unheM unmArgagAmI caityavAsiyoM. dvArA diye gaye "sAvadhAcArya" ke vizeSaNa se vicalita ho gaye aura antatogatvA unmArgagAmiyoM se Dara kara jina prarUpita zAzvata satya siddhAnta ko asatya kI balivedI para car3hA diyaa| kintu atula AdhyAtmika bala ke dhanI lokAzAha virodhiyoM dvArA dI gaI-"lumpaka" "lopaka" "luMgA" Adi aziSTa evaM asabhyatApUrNa nAnA prakAra kI gAliyoM aura unhIM virodhiyoM dvArA unheM satpatha se vicalita karane ke lakSya se unake viruddha race gaye aneka prakAra ke SaDyantroM evaM kucakroM ke uparAnta bhI tila mAtra bhI satpatha se vicalita nahIM hue| aisA AdaraNIya evaM Adarza AdhyAtmika jIvana thA loMkAzAha kaa| yadi lokAzAha ne nirbhIka ho sAhasa ke sAtha caturvidha saMgha meM vyApta vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane ke liye zAnta dharma krAnti kA sUtrapAta nahIM kiyA hotA to ve vikAra, ve burAiyAM vastutaH burAI kI parAkASThA ko pAra kara pare kI ora kahAM taka bar3ha jAtI isakA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| usa dazA meM Agama pratipAdita AdhyAtmika AcAra-vicAra kahIM dRSTigocara taka nahIM hotA, kriyAniSTha tapopUta santa-satiyoM ke darzana taka Aja durlabha ho jAte / Aja caturvidha saMgha meM jo vizuddha Agamika AcAra-vicAra, zama-dama, tyAga-tapasyA nikhila bhUta saMgha ke prati dayAkaruNA-maitrI Adi jainadharma ke prANasvarUpa-mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ke prati AsthA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha vastutaH loMkAzAha dvArA zAnta krAnti ke mAdhyama se pratyeka jaina dharmAvalambI ke mAnasa meM taraMgita kI gaI-utpanna kI gaI abhinava jAgaraNa kI nava-jIvana kI amiTa lahara kA hI pratApa hai| dharmoddhAraka lokAzAha dvArA dezavyApI sarvAMgINa zAnta dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiye jAne se pUrva
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________________ 2. ] [ jaina vargakA mAnika tihAsa-bhAga 4 kisI bhI pratiSThAcArya ko pratiSThA kArya meM pravRtta hone se pUrva suhAgina striyAM nirvANakalikA meM nirdiSTa pratiSThA vidhi ke anusAra ubaTana Adi abhyaMga mardanAnantara nahalAtI thiiN| pratiSThAcArya ko bahumUlya vastroM se susajjita kara unake kara meM svarNa kaMkaNa aura aMgulI meM svarNa mudrikA dhAraNa karavAyI jAtI thii| candana bAlA ke udAharaNIya-Adarza anupama tapa kI avismaraNIya smRti athavA usake udyApana ke prasaMga para svarNa ke sUpa meM svarNa nirmita mAsa (ur3ada) bAkale bharakara svarNa kI ber3iyAM banavAkara, rajata pAtra meM kesara bAdAma, pizte, kisamisa Adi mevoM se mizrita pAyasa (khIra) bhara kara, usake uparidala para chAI huI gADhI malAI para svarNa aura rajata nirmita patroM ko rakha kara, sampUrNa mahArghya sAmagrI paMca mahAvratadhArI guruoM ko mokSadAyaka supAtradAna samajhakara dAna kI jAtI thI aura gurujana "ahodAnaM ! ahodAnaM !" ke gaganabhedI ghoSoM ke bIca usa mahAya' dAna ko dayA dravita ho grahaNa karate the| sone aura cAMdI se nirmita Thosa bhArI bharakama martiyAM, anabidhe anamola motI Adi pracura parigraha bar3e-bar3e prAcArya paMca mahAvratadhArI sAdhu apane svAmitva meM rakhate the| 4. paMca mahAvratadhArI guruoM ke upAzrayoM AvAsoM meM bahI baTa ke nAma se vikhyAta bar3I-bar3I bahiyoM ke ambAra lage rahate the, jinameM deza ke kone-kone meM phaile hue bhakta gRhasthoM kI, unake parivAra ke sadasyoM kI nAmAvaliyAM, unase prati varSa pratyeka pAvana evaM harSaprada prasaMga ke upalakSya meM Ane vAlI athavA apanA janma siddha adhikAra samajhakara anivArya rUpeNa vasUla kI jAne vAlI rAzi kA tithi sahita lekhA jokhA rahatA thaa| ve gurujana apane una gRhasthoM ko apane parama zraddhAlu bhakta samajhate the| yadi una celoM meM se koI kisI dUsare sAdhu athavA guru. se nizcita dhanarAzi bheMTa karane ke pazcAt kisI pArivArika athavA dhArmika vidhi vidhAna kA kRtya yA kisI bhI kAraNavazAt koI anuSThAna karavA letA to paramparAgata guruoM dvArA bar3A bavaMDara khar3A kara diyA jAtA thaa| zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra dvArA caturvidha dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA kiye jAne se pUrva AryadharA para yatra-tatra-sarvatra dharma ke nAma para bhautika karmakANDoM kA pracura prAbalya athavA bolabAlA thaa| prabhu mahAvIra ne dharmatIrtha kA pravartana karate samaya una sabhI thothe bAhya karmakANDoM ko nipaTa nissAra evaM nitAnta nirarthaka batAne ke sAtha-sAtha
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 803 unake liye jana-jana ke dharma-jaina dharma meM sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvika varga rUpa caturvidha dharmatIrtha ke samasta sadasyoM ke jIvana meM kahIM nAma mAtra 4. bhI avakAza na rakhate hue pratyeka sAdhakavarga ke liye una bhautika karmakANDoM ko heya, anAcaraNIya evaM ahitakara btaayaa| sarvajJa-sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara bha0 mahAvIra dvArA na kevala jaina hI apitu jana-jana ke liye heya evaM anAcaraNIya batAye gaye una nissAra bhautika karmakANDoM ko dravya paramparAoM ke sUtradhAroM ne brAhmaNika karmakANDiyoM kA anusaraNa evaM "vizvakarmAprakAza", "zilpadIpaka", Adi zilpaviSayaka vibhinna granthoM kA anukaraNa karate hue, vIra nirvANa kI prathama sahasrAbdi ke pUrNa hone se pUrva hI apanA liyA / apanAyA bhI aisI prabala pakar3a ke sAtha ki una bhautika ADambarapUrNa bAhya karmakANDoM ko AmUlacUla adhyAtmapradhAna jainadharma ke dhArmika anuSThAnoM kA abhinna aMga hI banA liyaa| ___ dravya paramparAoM kI prAdi jananI caityavAsI paramparA ke una sUtradhAroM ne itara paramparAoM ke karmakANDoM kA andhAnukaraNa kara jainadharma ke vizuddha AdhyAtmika svarUpa ko kisa-kisa prakAra vikRta kiyA, isakA paryApta parijJAna "nirvANakalikA" nAma kI eka ati prAcIna kahI jAne vAlI pustaka se anAyAsa hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / isake liye koI vizeSa zrama kI AvazyakatA nahIM / kyoMki "nirvANakalikA" kI pratyeka paMkti, usakA eka-eka zabda, eka-eka akSara pAThaka ko pukAra-pukAra kara kaha rahA hai ki jinendra nAmAMkita paridhAna athavA sATikA ke atirikta usakA sarvajJa-sarvadarzI vItarAga prabhu zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra dvArA saMsthApita caturvidha dharmasaMgha se kisI prakAra kA koI dUrAtidUra kA bhI sambandha nahIM hai / nirvANa kalikA meM sthAna-sthAna para brahmA, brahmANI, indra, varuNa, kubera, yamarAja, nAgamukhya, bhallATa, soma, diti, aditi, marIci, savitA, sAvitra, vivasvAn, rudra, rudradAsa, kumuda, anjana, camara, puSpadanta Adi devI-deviyoM kI paMca mahAvratadhArI pratiSThAcArya dvArA (jise isI kRti ke zabdoM meM saMsAra ke sarvotkRSTa mahimAspada pada AcArya pada para abhiSikta kara gautamAdi gaNadharoM tulya mahanIya batAyA gayA hai) namaskArAnantara kI gaI pUjA arcA aura na kevala ina deva-deviyoM ko hI apitu yajJa, rAkSasa, tamburu, pizAca, DAkinI Adi taka ko bali samarpita kiye jAne tathA 1. SaDvizaMdujjvalamahAguNaratnaghuryaM retanpadaM prathitagotamamukhya pubhi / AsevitaM sakaladuHkhavimokSaNAya, nirvAhaNIyamazaThaM tavatApi nityam // 1 // nAsmAtpalAjjagati sAmpratamasti kiMcidanyatpadaM zubhataraM paramaM narANAm / -nirvANa kalikA, patra 6 (1 aura 2)
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________________ 804 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 unheM zivaMkara, zAntikara evaM sabhI bhAMti se sahAyaka athavA rakSaka bane rahane kI prArthanA kiye jAne ke ullekhoM ko dekha kara to yahI AbhAsa hotA hai ki kisI bhI jainetara paramparA ke karmakANDa viSayaka granthoM se cuna-cuna kara, chAMTa-chAMTa kara athavA TIpa-TIpa kara isa "nirvANakalikA" nAmnI kRti kA saMkalanAtmaka nirmANa kiyA gayA hai aura ise pAdalipta prAcArya ke nAma para car3hA diyA gayA hai / itaretara paramparAoM ke karmakANDiyoM tathA zAkta bhairava Adi paramparAoM ke tAntrikoM kA andhAnukaraNa karate samaya 'nirvANa kalikA' ke janmadAtA ne saMbhavataH - "nakala meM Akila ko bhI akla kA istemAla karane kI kyA jarUrata hai" isa lokokti ko caritArtha karate hue yaha nahIM socA ki nara-narendroM, deva-devendroM dvArA vandanIya-pUjanIya jagadvandha prAcArya pada para adhiSThita paMca mahAvratadhArI zramaNaziromaNi pratiSThAcArya ke zarIra para, aMga-pratyaMga para suhAgina striyoM ke hAthoM se tailamardana, abhyaMga Adi karavAne, pratiSThAcArya ke kara meM svarNakaMkaNa tathA karAMguli meM svarNamudrikA dhAraNa karavAne, unake (pratiSThAcArya ke) hAthoM dhUpa, dIpa karavAne, puSpaphala car3hAne, tIrthoM, gaMgA Adi pavitra nadiyoM ke jala se bhare kalaza se indra ko snAna karavAne, una pratiSThAcArya ko chatra, cAmara, hasti, azva, zibikA Adi rAjacihna, yogapaTTaka, khaTikA, pustaka, akSasUtra Adi vipula parigraha kA svAmI banAne tathA jagadvandya AcArya pada para adhiSThita pratiSThAcArya ke mukha se brahmA, indra, varuNa, kubera, yama, rudra, bhairava Adi devoM ke liye "namaH" zabda kA uccAraNa karavAne Adi se kahIM sampUrNa zramaNa saMskRti ko hI palItA lagAne tulya prayAsa to ve nahIM kara rahe haiM ? zAkta, bhairava Adi tAntrika paramparAoM meM kisI sanyAsI kA cAruhAsinI, candramukhI, mRgalocanI suhAgina striyoM dvArA taila, abhyaMga mardana snAna Adi kA ullekha kevala una paramparAoM ke kalpoM meM hI mila sakatA hai, anyatra nhiiN| bhartRhari ne to, ghorAtighora duzcara tapazcaraNa dvArA apane tana ko sukhAkara kaMkAlamAtrAvaziSTa kara dene vAle yogiyoM, muniyoM evaM sanyAsiyoM ke liye strI samparka ko halAhala viSatulya batAte hue kahA hai : vizvAmitra parAsaraprabhRtayo vAtAmbuparNAzanAH, te'pi strImukhapaMkajaM sulalitaM dRSTvaiva mohaMgatA / zAlyannaM dadhimizritaM ghRtayutaM bhuMjanti ye mAnavAH, teSAmindriyanigraho yadi bhavet vindyastaret sAgaram / / jaina saMskRti meM kisI bhI choTe se lekara bar3e se bar3e zramaNottama ke liye striyoM ke hAthoM se tailAbhyaMgamardana, snAna Adi kI bAta to bahuta dUra, kisI bhI dazA meM strI jAti kA sparza taka aura tailAbhyaMga snAna Adi viSavat vayaM batAyA gayA hai / kisI bhI zramaNa ke ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMca mahA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaMDa 2 ] [ 805 vratoM meM lavaleza mAtra bhI doSa na lage, isa dRSTi se jainAgamoM meM bar3e kaThora niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, isa tathya se to pratyeka jainadharmAvalambI bhalI-bhAMti avagata hI hai / pratyeka zramaraNa ke liye navabAr3a vizuddha brahmacarya kA tathA SaDjIva nikAya ke prANiyoM kI rakSA arthAt ahiMsA kA jisa prakAra kA vizad evaM sUkSma nirdeza evaM vivaraNa jainAgamoM se nihita hai, usa prakAra kA sarvAMgapUrNa nirdeza anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / mahAnizItha kI yaha gAthA aura isa para jo hRdayadrAvaka vivaraNa mahAnizItha meM ullikhita hai, ina saba se "nirvANakalikA" ke racanAkAra anabhijJa rahe hoM, yaha to kisI bhI dazA meM vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaina jagat meM prAcIna kAla se hI prAcArya kuvalayaprabha kA AkhyAna prasiddha rahA hai ki caityavAsiyoM ne caitya nirmANa kA upadeza karane viSayaka apanI prArthanA ke ThukarA diye jAne se kisa prakAra AcArya kuvalayaprabha kA nAma sAvadyAcArya rakha diyA, caityavAsiyoM ne apane Antarika vivAda kA samAdhAna karane ke liye kAlAntara meM jisa samaya sAvadyAcArya ko apane yahAM bulAyA usa samaya eka AryA ne unake tapopUta alaukika vyaktitva se prabhAvita ho haThAt kisa prakAra unake caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakha diyA, tadanantara caityavAsiyoM ke samakSa mahAnizItha para pravacana dete samaya prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ke samakSa uparilikhita gAthA AI to AryA dvArA apane caraNoM kA sparza kiye jAne kI bAta kA smaraNa Ate hI kisa prakAra ve asamaMjasa meM par3a gaye aura isa saMkaTApanna sthiti se ubarane ke liye - " egaMte micchatthaM, jiNAraNamAraNA aNegantA" isa prakAra kI bAta kaha kara kisa prakAra unhoMne asaMkhyAta kAla taka bhava-bhramaraNa karavAne vAle ghora karmoM kA bandha kara liyA, ina saba bAtoM kA vistRta vivaraNa mahAnizItha meM vidyamAna hai / " paMca mahAvratoM kI niraticAra rUpeNa anivAryataH paripAlanA viSayaka Agamika pratIva suspaSTa ullekhoM aura madhyakAla meM adhikAMza gacchoM, sampradAyoM athavA paramparAoM meM paryAptarUpeNa lokapriya rahe mahAnizItha ke sAvadyAcArya ( kuvalayaprabha) viSayaka AkhyAna ke uparAnta bhI "nirvAraNa kalikAkAra" ne paMca mahAvratadhArI pratiSThAcArya ko prAcAryAbhiSeka ke samaya sadhavA striyoM dvArA tailaprabhyaMga, mardana snAna Adi karavAne, svarNa kaMkaNa, svarNa mudrikA dhAraNa karavAne, brahmA, yama, indra Adi devoM ko namanapUrvaka bali samarpita karane, dhUpa, dIpa jalAne, apane hAthoM puSpa phalAdi samarpita karane, indra ko apane hAthoM tIrthoM evaM mahAnadiyoM ke jala 1. jatthittha karapharisaM, aMtariyaM kAraNe vi uppanne / rahA vikarejja sayaM, taM gacchaM mUla guraNa mukkaM // vistRta vivaraNa ke liye dekhiye -- jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR0 46 se 55 aura 358 se pRSTha 363 /
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________________ 806 1 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 se snAna karavAne Adi kA vidhAna kara vastutaH sarvajJa praraNIta AgamoM ke prati apanI anAsthA - avamAnanA prakaTa karane ke sAtha-sAtha eka prakAra se utsUtra prarUparaNA hI kI hai / AcArya kuvalayaprabha ( sAvadyAcArya) viSayaka, mahAnizItha meM ullikhita AkhyAna ke sandarbha meM nirvANakalikAkAra dvArA kiye gaye prAcAryAbhiSeka evaM pratiSThA Adi karane prAcArya ke aMga-pratyaMgoM kA suhAgina striyoM dvArA tailAbhyaMga mardana karane, prAcArya ko svarNakaMkaNa, svarNamudrikA zreSThatama vastra dhAraNa karavAne, prAcArya dvArA brahmA, yama, indra, varuNAdi devoM ko namaskAra karane, unheM phala, dhUpa naivedya car3hAne, pavitra tIrthoM evaM mahAnadiyoM ke jala se indra ko snAna karAne, yakSa, rAkSasa, pizAca DAkinI zAkinI yAdi taka ko bali samarpita karane Adi ke vidhAnoM para vicAra karane para pratyeka vijJa ke mana meM isa prakAra kA vicAra utpanna honA svAbhAvika hI hai ki jaba prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ko jisa praticAra, doSa athavA zAstraviruddha prarUpaNA ke kAraNa asaMkhyAta kAla taka bhava bhramaraNa karanA par3A, to unake ( kuvalayaprabha ke) usa azAstrIya prarUpaNa se nirvANakalikAkAra ke prarUpaNa athavA zAstrIya vidhAna kitane adhika ghora, kitane adhika gambhIra evaM kitane adhika bhava- bhramaNa karavAne vAle haiM / Zhen AcArya 'kuvalayaprabha ke caraNoM para eka bhAvukA prAryA ne bhAvAveza meM haThAt apanA sira rakha diyA / AcArya kuvalayaprabha ko isa strIsparza kI AzaMkA taka bhI nahIM hogI kintu unhoMne Atmazuddhayartha usa apratyAzita doSa ke lie mana hI mana prAyazcitta avazya kiyA hogA "jatthitthi karapharisaM " - isa gAthA para vyAkhyAna dete samaya kuvalayaprabha ko smaraNa ho AyA ki ina saba caityavAsI zrotAoM ke samakSa eka prAryA ne unake caraNoM kA apane mastaka se sparza kiyA thaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM yadi ve isa gAthA kA yathAvat zAstrAnukUla vivecana kareMge to ye vakra prakRti ke caityavAsI unheM pUrva kI hI bhAMti 'sAvadyAcArya' se bhI adhika apamAnajanaka vizeSaraNa se abhihita karane laga jAyeMge / ve ghora apamAna kI AzaMkA se abhibhUta ho asamaMjasa meM par3a gaye / caityavAsiyoM ko to mAno pUrva avasara prApta ho gayA thA / ve punaH punaH AcArya kuvalayaprabha para karkaza svara meM dabAva DAlane lage ki usa gAthA kI vyAkhyA kI jAya / duSToM ke hAthoM hone vAle sambhAvita apamAna se na dekha kuvalayaprabha ne usa gAthA kI yathArthataH vyAkhyA "egaMte micchatthaM, jiNAraNamAraNA praNetA / " AcArya kuvalayaprabha ne una caityavAsiyoM ke samakSa uparyukta gAthA kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA-"yaha eka anullaMghanIya evaM aparihArya prAgamika pradeza hai, jinezvara bacane kA aura koI upAya karate hue anta meM kahA
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaDa 2 ] [ 807 kI AjJA hai ki yadi kisI gaccha kA prAcArya, cAhe vaha svayaM arihanta hI kyoM na ho, kisI bhI kAraNa se strI kA sparza karatA hai to na kevala vaha AcArya hI apitu usakA sampUrNa gaccha bhI zramaNa-dharma ke mUla guNa se rahita hai|" taduparAnta apanA bacAva karane ke lakSya se prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ne kahA--- "itanA saba kucha hote hue . bhI kisI bAta ko ekAntataH pakar3a kara ar3e.rahanA mithyAtva kI gaNanA meM A jAtA hai kyoMki jinezvara kI AjJA, jinezvara kA Adeza nitAnta ekAntatA ko liye hue nahIM apitu anekAntatA se garbhita hai / vastutaH jinezvara kI AjJA meM utsargamArga aura apavAda mArga-ina donoM mArgoM ke lie sthAna rahatA hai, avakAza rahatA hai|" ise thor3A spaSTa karate hue prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ne kahA- "utsarga mArga kI dRSTi se yadi kisI gaccha ke AcArya ne, cAhe vaha kitanA hI bar3e se bar3A aura yahAM taka ki arhat hI kyoM na ho, kisI strI kA sparza kara liyA ho to na kevala vaha prAcArya hI apitu usakA sampUrNa gaccha zramaNa ke brahmacarya nAmaka caturtha mUla guNa se rahita mAnA jAyagA kintu apavAda mArga kI dRSTi se yadi kisI AryA ne zraddhAtireka se bhAvAvezavazAt kisI prAcArya kA athavA kisI zramaNa kA sparza kara liyA ho to vaha kSamya hogA, na vaha AcArya mUla guNa se rahita mAnA jAyagA aura na usake gaccha kA zramaNa-zramaraNI samUha hii|" ___ zramaNAcAra se nitAnta viparIta, vizAla caityoM ke svAmitva, caityoM meM niyatanivAsa, prAdhAkarmI AhAra, prArambha-samArambha, parigraha moha Adi ghora zithilAcAra meM ApAda-cUr3a nimagna caityavAsI apavAda mArga kI dRSTi se apane nitAnta zithilAcArapUrNa zramaNAcAra ko samayocita ThaharAne kI utkaTa abhilASA liye vastuta: paramakriyAniSTha AcArya kuvalayaprabha ke mukha se "egate micchatthaM, jiNANamANA aNegaMtA" isa vacana ke antargata yahI kahalavAnA cAhate the ki jinezvara ne dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA ke samaya utsarga aura apavAda ina donoM mArgoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA thaa| una caityavAsiyoM ne prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ke uparyukta kathana se apanI manokAmanA ko phalIbhUta samajha kara unake jayaghoSoM se gagana ko guMjarita kara diyaa| caityavAsI to pUrNa rUpeNa prasanna evaM saMtuSTa ho gaye kintu mahAnizItha ke ullekhAnusAra isa prakAra ke azAstrIya vivecana ke pariNAmasvarUpa AcArya kuvalayaprabha ne aise ghora duHkhAnubandhI duSkarmoM kA bandha kara liyA jinake kAraNa unheM asaMkhyAta kAla taka pragAr3ha duHkhapUrNa naraka, tiryanca Adi yoniyoM meM bhaTaka-bhaTaka kara dussahya dAruNa duHkhoM kA pAtra bananA pdd'aa| / prAcArya kuvalayaprabha ne to "egate micchatthaM, jiNANamAraNA aNegaMtA" isa vacana ke mAdhyama se kevala yahI prarUpaNA kI ki yadi kisI bhAvAtirekAbhibhUtA
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________________ 808 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 AryA ne kisI AcArya kA athavA zramaNa kA sparza kara liyA hai to vaha prAcArya athavA sAdhu apavAda mArga kI dRSTi se mUlaguNa vihIna nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| kintu "nirvANa kalikA" ke racanAkAra ne to sadA-sadA ke liye pratyeka pratiSThAcArya ko sadhavA striyoM dvArA, tailaabhyaMga mardana evaM snAna karavAne, AcArya ko svarNa kaMkaNa, svarNa mudrikA dhAraNa karane, hastI, azva zibikA Adi parigraha grahaNa karane, nitAnta avirata devoM ko namana karane, indra ko mahAnadiyoM evaM tIrthoM ke pavitrodakapUrNa kalaza se snAna karavAne Adi-Adi aneka prakAra ke zAstra viruddha, jinAjJApratikUla, evaM zramaNasaMskRti kI pavitra svaccha-accha-samujjvala chaTA para pragAr3ha kAlimA potane vAle vidhAnoM kA vidhAna kara Agama avahelanA athavA utsUtra prarUpaNA kI parAkASThA se bhI kisa prakAra bahuta Age apane kadama bar3hA diye haiM, yaha pratyeka AgamaniSTha taTastha manISI ke liye madhyayuga meM bhI evaM Aja bhI bar3A hI cintA kA viSaya rahA hai| usI cintAjanaka vicAramanthana ke pariNAmasvarUpa paurNamika gaccha ke saMsthApaka candraprabhasUri ne vi0 saM0 1146 meM kriyoddhAra karate samaya "nirvANa kalikA" meM ullikhita zramaNasaMskRti kI pavitratA ko naSTa karane vAle vidhAnoM kA kar3A virodha kara kisI paMca mahAvratadhArI zramaNa ke sthAna para zrAvaka ke dvArA pratiSThA karavAne kI paripATI pracalita kii| candraprabhasUri dvArA kiye gaye isa prakAra ke kriyoddhAra ke anantara to aneka kriyoddhArakoM ne paMcamahAvratadhArI sAdhu ke dvArA pratiSThA kiye jAne ko pUrNataH prAgamaviruddha siddha karate hue aneka prakAra kI abhinava pratiSThA vidhiyoM athavA paddhatiyoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| una pratiSThA vidhiyoM ke nirmANa ke anantara to "nirvANa kalikA" bahujanasammata evaM upekSita kRti ke rUpa meM avaziSTa raha gii| "nirvANakalikA" ke racanAkAra ne to apanI isa kRti ke prArambha meM binA kisI Agama, pUrva, pUrvavastu athavA prAbhRta kA nAmollekha karate hue kevala itanA hI likhA hai : vardhamAnaM jinaM natvA, samuddhatya jinAgamAt / nityakarma tathA dIkSAM, pratiSThAM ca pracakSmahe / / 1 / / pratiSThApaddhatizcaiSA, zrImatpAlliptasUriNA / ' bhavyAnAmupakArAya, spaSTArthA''khyAyate'dhunA / / 2 / / kisI bhI vijJa jinopAsaka se yaha tathya chipA nahIM hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha kisI bhI pAgama meM nirvANakalikA meM pratipAdita pratiSThA paddhati kI bAta to dUra, kahIM pratiSThAvidhAna kA nAmollekha taka nahIM hai| isI tathya ko dRSTigata rakhate hue nirvANakalikA ke pRSThapoSakoM athavA pakSadharoM ne apanA yaha AdhAravihIna abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki vilupta pUrvajJAna ke kisI prAbhRta se aura saMbhavataH pratiSThAprAbhRta se sarvaprathama Arya vajrasUri ne aura tadanantara pAdaliptasUri
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaMDa 2 ] [ 806 ne mUla mantroM tathA pratiSThA Adi vidhAnoM kA cayana kara "nirvANakalikA" kA nirmANa kiyA / ' sAmprata kAla meM na to pUrvajJAna kA astitva rahA hai aura na pratiSThA prAbhRta Adi prAbhRtoM kA hii| kevala yahI nahIM upalabdha ekAdazAMgI sahita, zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA prAmANika mAne jAne vAle AgamoM meM bhI kahIM pratiSThA viSayaka vidhi-vidhAnoM aura yahAM taka ki pratiSThA vidhi kA nAmollekha taka upalabdha nahIM hotA / isake sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI eka nirvivAda evaM sarvasammata zAzvata satya hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke vacana sabhI avasthAoM tathA tInoM kAla meM avitatha satya-tathya se prota-prota hote haiM, unameM kabhI kisI bhI dazA meM paraspara virodha kI, virodhAbhAsa kI gandha taka nahIM A sakatI, unake avitatha vacanoM ko saMsAra kI koI ucca se uccatama zakti bhI anyathA siddha nahIM kara sktii| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM ekAdazAMgI ke mAdhyama se pratyeka paMcamahAvratadhArI ko jIvana paryanta pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ina pAMca sthAvaranikAya ke jIvoM tathA trasa nikAya ke prANiyoM kI na kevala hiMsA hI apitu paritApanA-kilAmanA taka se bace rahane kA, kisI bhI strI kA kisI bhI dazA meM sparza taka na karane kA, paMcamahAvratadhArI ke atirikta kisI bhI dezavirata evaM avirata ko kabhI kisI bhI dazA meM namana na karane aura hastI, azva, zibikA, karakaMkaNa, mudrikA Adi svarNAbhUSaNoM kA hI nahIM apitu kAMNI kor3I taka kA kisI bhI prakAra kA koI kiMcitmAtra bhI parigraha na rakhane kA vizvakalyANakArI upadeza karane vAle tIrthaMkara prabhu zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kyA dRSTivAda meM, caturdaza pUrvo meM athavA prAbhRtoM meM kisI bhI prAcArya ke liye, kisI bhI zramaNa ke liye isa prakAra kA upadeza de sakate haiM ki vaha pratiSThA karavAne se pahale suhAgina striyoM ke kara-kamaloM se apane aMga pratyaMgoM meM tailamardana karavAye, ubaTana lagavAye, snAna kare, svarNa kaMkaNa evaM svarNamudrikA tathA uttamottama bahumUlya vastra dhAraNa kare, chatra, cAmara, hastI, azva, zibikA Adi rAjarAjezvaropabhogya parigraha ko bheMTa svarUpa meM svIkAra kare, brahmA, yama, varuNa, kubera Adi devoM ko anukramaza: namaH zabda ke uccAraNa ke sAtha una sabako aura yakSa, rAkSasa, pizAca, zAkinI Adi ko bhI bali samarpita karatA huA unase prArthanA kare ki ve jinapratimA kI rakSA kareM, 'tuTTikarA bhavaMtu sivaMkarA bhavaMtu' Adi taraha-taraha kI prArthanA kare, dIpa jalAye, dhUpa de, puSpa-phala car3hAye aura apane hAthoM se pavitrodakapUrNa kalaza ko bhRgAra ke sAtha punaH punaH ghumA kara yaha kahatA huA-"bho bhoH zakra yathA svasyAM 1. "nirvANakalikA" jainazilpajyotiSavidyAmahodadhi pU0 janAcArya zrImajjayasUri ke upadeza se indauranivAsI zeTha nathamalajI kanhaiyAlAla rAMkA dvArA I0 san 1926 meM prakAzita kI bhUmikA (ramApatimizraH), aura mohanalAla, bhagavAndAsa jhaverIsolisiTara dvArA likhita indroDakzana /
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________________ 810 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 dizi vighnaprazAntaye sAvadhAnena snAnAntaM yAvadbhavitavyamiti"-indra ko snAna karavAye ? vizvakabandhu triloka pUjya sarvajJa-sarvadarzI vItarAga prabhu mahAvIra ke zrI mukha se isa prakAra ke paraspara virodhI evaM sAvadha upadezoM kI kalpanA to kisI grahagrasta vyakti ke atirikta koI saccA jaina nahIM kara sktaa| isa prakAra ke zAstraviruddha sAvadya vidhi-vidhAnoM se vastutaH Adi se lekara anta taka "nirvANakalikA" prota-prota hai| isa prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA prAvadhAna pAdaliptasUri jaise mahAn jinazAsana prabhAvaka prAcArya kabhI nahIM kara sakate / yadi "nirvANa kalikA" ke pakSadharoM ko isa bAta ko kisI bhI dazA meM mAna liyA jAya ki yaha prAcArya pAdaliptasUri kI kRti hai to bhI caturvidha tIrtha meM isa prakAra kI kRti ko kisI bhI dazA meM mAnya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki caturvidha jaina dharmatIrtha ke saMsthApaka zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra haiM na ki pAdaliptasUri athavA anya koI bhI bar3e se bar3A sUri / jisa prakAra svarNa nirmita kaTArI ko apane peTa meM nahIM bhoMkA jA sakatA ThIka usI prakAra sarvajJaprarUpita prAgamoM se nitAnta viparIta-pUrNataH pratikUla tathA zramaNasaMskRti ke prANasvarUpa siddhAntoM ko jalAMjali dene vAle vidhi-vidhAnoM ko pracalita karane vAlI kRti kisI sacce jaina ke dvArA mAnya nahIM kI jA sakatI, cAhe usa kRti kA racanAkAra kitanA hI bar3e se bar3A prAcArya kyoM na rahA ho| vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM paurNamika gaccha kI sthApanA karate samaya kriyoddhAraka prAcArya candraprabhasUri ne kisa prakAra ke kaTutara zabdoM meM isakI AlocanA kI hogI isakA anumAna isI eka aitihAsika tathya se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne zramaNa saMskRti kI AdhArazilA ko hI mUla se hilA dene vAlI kRti "nirvANakalikA" ko caturvidha dharmasaMgha ke samakSa isa udghoSaNA ke sAtha amAnya siddha kara diyA ki-pratiSThA dravya stava hone ke kAraNa sAdhu ke liye karttavya nahIM hai / prAcArya candraprabhasUri kI ukta ghoSaNA kA prabhAva caturvidha dharmasaMgha para uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA aura vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI meM Agamika gaccha ke prAcAryazrI tilakasUri ne navya pratiSThAkalpa kI racanA kara usameM pratiSThA viSayaka sabhI kartavya kevala suyogya zrAvaka ke dvArA hI karavAye jAyaM, na ki kisI AcArya athavA zramaNa ke dvArA-isa prakAra kA vidhAna kara, candraprabhasUri dvArA kiye gaye pratiSThAvidhi viSayaka kriyoddhAra ko eka prakAra se vyavasthita svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| "nirvANakalikA' meM ullikhita pratiSThA viSayaka vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sambandha meM pratiSThA, jyotiSa, itihAsa grAdi aneka viSayoM ke udbhaTa vidvAn sva0 panyAsa
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaMDa 2 1 [ 811 zrI kalyANavijayajI mahArAja ne apanI I0 san 1965 meM prakAzita kRti meM likhA hai : ............. nirvANakalikA meM isake sambandha meM nIce likhe anusAra vidhAna kiyA hai : vAsukinirmokalaghunI, pratyagravAsasI dadhAnaH karAMguli-vinyastakAMcanamudrikaH, prakoSThadeza niyojitakanakakaMkaNaH, tapasA vizuddhadeho vedikAyAmudaGmukhamupavizya........... (ni0 ka0 12-1) arthAt bahuta mahIna zveta aura kImatI naye do vastra dhAraka, hAtha kI aMgulImeM suvarNa-mudrikA (bITI) aura maNibandha meM suvarNa kA kaMkaNa dhAraNa kiye hue upavAsa se vizuddha zarIra vAlA pratiSThAcArya vedikA para uttarAbhimukha baiTha kara ".... ___zrI pAdaliptasUrijI ke ukta zabdoM kA anusaraNa karate hue AcAryazrIcandrasUri, zrI jinaprabhasUri, zrI varddhamAnasUri ne bhI apanI-apanI pratiSThA-paddhatiyoM meM "tataH sUriH kaMkaNamudrikAhastaH sadazavastraparidhAnaH" ina zabdoM meM pratiSThAcArya kI veza-bhUSA kA sUcana kiyA hai| jaina sAdhu ke prAcAra se paricita koI bhI manuSya yahAM pUcha sakatA hai ki jaina prAcArya jo nirgrantha sAdhuoM meM mukhya mAne jAte haiM, unake liye suvarNamudrikA aura suvarNa kaMkaraNa kA dhAraNa karanA kahAM taka ucita ginA jA sakatA hai ? svaccha navIna vastra to Thoka para suvarNamudrA kaMkaraNa dhAraNa to pratiSThAcArya ke liye anucita hI dikhatA hai| kyA suvaraNamudrA-kakaNa pahine vinA aMjanazalAkA ho hI nahIM sakatI? uparyukta prazna kA uttara yaha hai-pratiSThAcArya ke liye mudrA kaMkaraNa dhAraNa karanA anivArya nahIM hai| zrI pAdaliptasUrijI ne jina mala gAthAoM ko apanI pratiSThApaddhati kA malAdhAra mAnA hai aura aneka sthAnoM meM "yadAgamaH" ityAdi zabdaprayogoM dvArA jisakA prAdara kiyA hai, usa mala pratiSThAgama meM suvarNamudrA athavA suvarNakaMkaNa dhAraNa karane kA sUcana taka nahIM hai| pAdaliptasUri ne jisa mudrA-kaMkaNa-paridhAna kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha tatkAlIna caityavAsiyoM kI pravRtti kA pratibimba hai| pAdaliptasUrijI Apa (svayaM) caityavAsI the yA nahIM, isa carcA meM utarane kA yaha upayukta sthala nahIM hai, parantu inhoMne prAcAryAbhiSeka vidhi meM tathA pratiSThA vidhi meM jo katipaya bAteM likhI haiM, ve caityavAsiyoM kI pauSadhazAlAoM meM rahane vAle zithilAcArI sAdhuoM kI haiM, isameM to kucha zaMkA nahIM hai| jaina
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________________ 812 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 siddhAnta ke sAtha ina bAtoM kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| prAcAryAbhiSeka ke prasaMga meM inhoMne bhAvI prAcArya ko tailAdi vidhipUrvaka avidhavA striyoM dvArA varNaka (pIThI) karane taka kA vidhAna kiyA hai| yaha saba dekhate to yahI lagatA hai ki zrI pAdaliptasUri svayaM caitvavAsI hone caahiye| kadAcita aisA mAnane meM koI Apatti ho to na mAne phira bhI itanA to nirvivAda hai ki pAdaliptasUri kA samaya caityavAsiyoM ke prAbalya kA thaa| isase inakI pratiSThA-paddhati prAdi kRtiyoM para caityavAsiyoM kI aneka pravRttiyoM kI anivArya chApa hai| sAdhu ko sacitta jala, puSpAdi dravyoM dvArA jinapUjA karane kA vidhAna jaise caityavAsiyoM kI prAcaraNA hai, usI prakAra se suvarNamudrA, kaMkaNadhAraNAdi vidhAna TheTha caityavAsiyoM ke ghara kA hai, suvihitoM kA nhiiN| - zrIcandra, jinaprabha, varddhamAnasUri svayaM caityavAsI nahIM the, phira bhI ve unake sAmrAjyakAla meM vidyamAna avazya the| inhoMne pratiSThAcArya ke liye mudrA, kaMkaraNadhAraNa kA vidhAna kiyA isakA kAraNa zrIcandrasUrijI Adi kI pratiSThA paddhatiyAM caityavAsiyoM kI pratiSThA vidhiyoM ke AdhAra se banI huI haiM, isa kAraNa se inameM caityavAsiyoM kI prAcaraNAmoM kA AnA svAbhAvika hai / uparyukta AcAryoM ke samaya meM caityavAsiyoM ke kile TUTane lage the phira bhI ve suvihitoM dvArA sara nahIM hue the| caityavAsiyoM ke mukAbile meM hamAre suvihita prAcArya bahuta kama the| unameM katipaya acche vidvAn aura granthakAra bhI the, tathApi unake granthoM kA nirmANa caityavAsiyoM ke granthoM ke AdhAra se hotA thaa| pratiSThAvidhi jaise viSayoM meM to pUrvagranthoM kA sahArA liye binA calatA hI nahIM thaa| isa viSaya meM "prAcAra dinakara" grantha svayaM sAkSI hai / isameM jo kucha saMgraha kiyA hai, vaha saba caityavAsiyoM aura digambara bhaTTArakoM kA hai, varddhamAnasUri kA apanA kucha bhI nahIM hai|" __ "pratiSThA-vidhiyoM meM krAnti kA prArambha pratiSThAvidhiyoM meM lagabhaga caudahavIM zatI se krAnti Arambha ho gaI thii| bArahavIM zatI taka pratyeka pratiSThAcArya vidhikArya meM sacitta jala, puSpAdi kA sparza aura suvarNa mudrAdi dhAraNa anivArya ginate the, parantu terahavIM zatI aura usake bAda meM katipaya suvihita AcAryoM ne pratiSThAviSayaka kitanI hI bAtoM ke sambandha meM UhApoha kiyA aura tyAgI guru ko pratiSThA meM kauna-kauna se kArya karane cAhie, isakA nirNaya kara nIce mujaba ghoSaNA kI : thuidANa, maMtanAso, pAhavaNaM taha jiNANaM disibNdho| ___ nittummIlaNa, desaNa, guru ahigArA ihaM kappe / /
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________________ [ 813 arthAt - stutidAna yAne devavandana karanA, stutiyAM bolanA 1, mantranyAsa arthAt pratiSThApya pratimA para saubhAgyAdi mantroM kA nyAsa karanA 2, netrojina kA pratimA meM AhvAna karanA 3, mantra dvArA digbandha karanA 4, mIlana yAni pratimA ke netroM meM suvarNazalAkA se aMjana karanA 5, pratiSThAphala pratipAdaka dezanA ( upadeza ) karanA 6 / pratiSThAkalpa meM ukta chaH kArya guru ko karane cAhiye / sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 1. 1 arthAt - inake atirikta sabhI kArya zrAvaka ke adhikAra ke haiM / yaha vyAkhyA nizcita hone ke bAda sacitta puSpAdi ke sparza vAle kArya tyAgiyoM ne chor3a diye aura gRhasthoM ke hAtha se hone zurU hue / parantu pandrahavIM zatI taka isa viSaya meM do mata to calate hI rahe, koI prAcArya vidhivihita anuSThAna gina ke sacitta jala, puSpAdi kA sparza tathA svarNa mudrikAdi dhAraNa nirdoSa ginate the, taba katipaya suvihita prAcArya ukta kAryoM ko sAvadya gina ke niSedha karate the / isa vastusthiti kA nirdeza prAcAradinakara meM nIce likhe anusAra milatA hai : "tato gururnavajinabimbasyAgrataH madhyamAMgulIdvayorzvIkaraNena raudradRSTyA tarjanImudrAM darzayati / tato vAmakareNa jalaM gRhItvA raudradRSTyA bimbamAchoTayati / keSAMcinmate snAtrakArA vAmahastodakena pratimAmAchoTayanti / ( cAradinakara, 252 ) / " panyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI ne madhyayugIna itivRtta ke AdhAra para "nirvANakalikA" ke viSaya meM jo mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlA hai, usase bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki nirvANakalikA kA vastutaH zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra dvArA pravartita dharmatIrtha se, sarvajJaprarUpita AgamoM se aura yahAM taka ki jaina saMskRti se kisI bhI prakAra kA koI sambandha nahIM, yaha to jainetara karmakANDiyoM ke padacihnoM para calane vAle kisI caityavAsI AcArya athavA vidvAn kI kRti hai / isa tathya se to pratyeka vijJa jainadharmAvalambI bhalI-bhAMti avagata hI hai ki zithilAcAra meM eDI se coTI taka nimagna caityavAsI paramparA ne hI jaina dharma ke vAstavika mUla vizuddha svarUpa meM aneka prakAra kI vikRtiyAM evaM azAstrIya paripATiyAM pracalita kIM, jinakI ki chApa adyAvadhi jainasaMgha para vividha vidhAnoM ke mAdhyama se vidyamAna hai / yaha bar3e Azcarya aura duHkha kI bAta hai ki nirvAraNakalikA jaisI nitAnta Agama viruddha evaM zramaNAcAra se pUrNataH pratikUla kRti zatAbdiyoM se vikrama kI nibandha - nicaya, paM. zrI kalyANa vijayajI gariNa, nibandha saM. 22 zrI kalyANavijaya zAstrasaMgraha samiti, jAlora dvArA I. san 1965 meM prakAzita, pRSTha saM. 207 se 210 /
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________________ 814 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 12vIM zatAbdI taka zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caturvidha dharmasaMgha kA gale kA hAra kaise banI rhii| vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM paurNamika gaccha ke saMsthApaka AcArya zrI candraprabhasUri dvArA kiye gaye kriyoddhAra ke anantara aneka gacchoM ne nirvANakalikA kI upekSA karanA prArambha kiyaa| paurNamika gaccha kI bhAMti hI Agamika gaccha, aMcala gaccha, tapAgaccha Adi aneka gacchoM ne nirvANakalikA kA bahiSkAra kara navIna pratiSThA paddhatiyoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| pratiSThA ko dravyastava ghoSita karate hue paurNamika gaccha ne to antima nirNaya ke sAtha isa prakAra kA vidhAna kara diyA ki pratiSThA kevala zrAvaka hI kre| paMca mahAvratadhArI sAdhu ke lie pratiSThA kA kArya karanA zramaNAcAra ke viruddha hai ataH koI bhI sAdhu pratiSThA kArya na kre| tapAgaccha ke AcArya jagaccandramUri ne bhI unake samaya meM pracalita pratiSThApaddhatiyoM meM sudhAra karake eka navIna pratiSThAkalpa kA prArUpa taiyAra kiyA jise kAlAntara meM tapAgaccha ke AcArya guggaratnasUri aura unake ziSya zrI vizAlarAja ne vyavasthita kara pratiSThAkalpa ko antima rUpa diyA / usameM guNaratnasUri ne stutidAna, maMtranyAsa, pratimA meM jinezvara kA AhvAna, mantra dvArA digbandha, netronmIlana (pratimA ke netroM meM svarNazalAkA se aMjana karanA) aura dezanA arthAt pratiSThAphala pratipAdaka upadeza karanA-ina chaH kAryoM kA paMca mahAvratadhArI zramaNa athavA prAcArya ke kartavya ke rUpa meM aura pratiSThA sambandhI zeSa sabhI kAryoM kA zrAvaka ke kartavyoM ke rUpa meM vidhAna karate hue upayullikhita gAthA ke anantara nimnalikhita rUpa meM vyavasthA kii| __ "etAni gurukRtyAni, zeSANi tu zrAddhakRtyAni iti tapAgaccha-samAcArI vacanAt sAvadhAni kRtyAni guroH kRtyatayA'tra noktAni / " .. kharataragacchIya laghu zAkhA ke AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne to apanI kRti vidhiprapA (pR068) meM pratiSThA viSayaka isa prakAra kA vidhAna kiyA : "tadanantaramAcAryeNa madhyamAMgulIdvayorvI karaNena bimbasya tarjanImudrA raudradRSTyA deyaa| tadanantaraM vAmakare jalaM gRhItvA AcAryeraNa pratimA AchoTanIyA / tatazcandanatilakaM, puSpapUjanaM ca pratimAyAH / " kintu kAlAntara meM AcArya jinaprabhasUri dvArA nirmita vidhi-prapAntargata pratiSThA paddhati ke AdhAra para likhI gaI kharataragacchIya pratiSThA paddhati meM, mUrti para sacitta jalAcchoTana, pratimA ke candana kA tilaka lagAne aura puSpoM se pUjana karane Adi sabhI prakAra ke sAvadha kArya zrAvaka ke dvArA hI niSpanna kiye jAne kA vidhAna karate hue sudhAra kiyA hai : "pachai zrAvaka DAvai hAthiiM pratimA pANiiM chaaNtti|" itanA saba kucha ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI taka jaina saMgha meM pratiSThA karavAnA "sAdhu kA hI karttavya hai athavA zrAvaka kA hI" isa prazna ko
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 815 lekara do mata calate hI rhe| katipaya prAcArya pratiSThA karavAte samaya svarNakaMkaNa, svarNamudrikA dhAraNa, sacitta jala puSpoM kA sparza Adi ko vidhivihita anuSThAna mAna kara katipaya aMzoM meM "nirvANakalikA" kA hI anusaraNa karate rahe / kintu vi0 saM0 1508 meM loMkAzAha dvArA samagra dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta kiye jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa nirvANakalikA meM ullikhita pratiSThAviSayaka prazAstrIya evaM zramaraNAcAra ke nitAnta pratikUla sadhavA striyoM dvArA, bhAvI pratiSThAcArya ke zarIra para telamardana, pIThI lagAne jaise vidhAna zanaiH zanaiH luptaprAyaH hI hote gye| "nirvANakalikA" meM ullikhita vidhAna vastutaH ekAdazAMgI se akSarazaH viparIta evaM zramaNa saMskRti para ghAtaka prahAra karane vAle haiM athavA nahIM-isakA nirNaya, kSIra-nIra-viveka ke dhanI, zAstramarmajJa, satya ke upAsaka aura sabhI vijJa pAThaka svayaM kara sake, isI abhiprAya se nirvANakalikA ke katipaya aMzoM ko yahAM mUla rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : "athAcAryAbhiSeka:-prAbhiSekikanakSatre svAnukUle satAre candre SatriMzadguNAlaMkRtasya zrutazIlaguraNAcArasampannasya kuryAt / tatra dikpAlAnAM baliM datvA zubhe'ha ni maMgalapUrvakama vidhavAnArIbhistailAdikarmavidhinA varNakaM samAropya dvAdazAhaM dazAhaM vA kSIrAnabhojinaM paMcanamaskArajapanirataM ziSyaM vidhAya aAsannalagnadine saMdhyAyAM vyAghAtAdhakatamaM kAlaM saMzodhya prAtarutthAya zuddhakAlaM pravedya svAdhyAyaM prasthApya tatazcaizAnyAM maNDapavedikAyAM caturhastaM rajobhizca paMcavarNairupazobhitaM madhyalikhitadvAtriMzadaMgulaM zuklapadma dvAtriMzadaMgulAyAma SoDa gAMgulaM vistRtAvAhanIyadvArAbhimukhasarvarajomuktapAdapIThasahitaM bAhyacitravallIdvAramakSakoNasthakandukAdyupazobhitaM svasvadivasthAvAhanIyadvArapUrva-digvAhitadvAraM vA maNDalamAlikhet / tatra vIthyantargatAn pUrvAdikrameNa zuklarajasA'STau zaMkhAn prAnanda-sunanda-nandi-nandivardhana-zrImukha-vijayatAra-sutAra-saMjJAn subhadra-vijayabhadra-sudanta-puSpadanta-jaya-vijaya-kumbha-pUrNakumbhasaMjJAMzca tathAvidhAn kumbhAnAlikhet / maNDalasyopari dhavalaM vicitraM vA kiMkiNIghaNTAyuktaM muktAjAlagavAkSakopetaM mariNadAmopazobhitaM saccAmaravastropetaM lambamAnapratisarakandukAdyalaMkRtaM vitAnakaM vidaghota / maNDapasyAbhyaMtaraM kvacitpadminIpatrasaMchannamantarAleSu bahizca gaurasarSapalAjAkhaNDataNDulayava-dUrvAkANDarajobhizca vicitraM kuryAt / toraNaM cAsya dhvajAMkuzacIramaNDitaM candana-mAlAyuktaM pUrvasyAM nyagrodhaM, dakSiNasyAmaudumbaraM, pazcimAyAmAzvatthaM, uttarasyAM plAkSaM vinivezya vidikSu prazastadrumajAtAni ca nivezayet / zaMkhAn kalazAMzca mUrtimato gorocanAracitasvastikASTakAcitakaNThAn sarvaratnaiH sarvabIjaiH sarvoSadhigandhairadbhizca pUritAn vastrasakdAmakaNThAn candanopalepitAn zatakRtvo'bhimantritAn pIThikAyA bahirdakSu vidikSu ca sthApayet / tatrAyata prAnandaH / nAtyAyataH sunandaH / mahAkukSinandI / sunAbhinandivardhanaH / hrasvanAbhi zrImukhaH / nAbhimaNDalI vijayaH / sunirghoSastAraH / uccasvanaH sutArazceti / kalazAzca manthara-subhadraH / kiMcidunnato vibhadraH / pRthu
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________________ 816 ] _ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 loSThaH sudantaH / hrasvoSThaH puSpadantaH / mantharagrIvo jayaH / zobhanagrIvo vijayaH iti maNDalasyottare duHsvaraM sadazAhatasitavastracchannaM bhadrAsanaM vinyasya tasmin ziSyaM zaMkhatUryavINAveNusvastipuNyAhamaMgala-dhvanibhiH kRtamaMgalaM pUrvadvArAbhimukhaM samupavezya jAtabIjazarAvaizcitramukhaiguNaraMjalikArakai gairabhinnapuTakokAbhinimRzya valmIkAna-parvatAgra-nadItIra-mahAnadIsaMgama-kuza vilvamUla-catuSpatha-dantidantagozRga-ekavRkSagRhItAbhisRdbhiH prathama, tadanu paMcAmRtena, tato vAsacandanapaMcapallavakaSAyaiH sarvagandhaizca saMsnApya pradakSiNopanItaiH pUrvavinyastakumbharAcAryamantramanusmarannabhiSicet / tata: snAnavastraM parityajya zukle vAsasI paridhAyyAkhaNDataNDulaiH snApayet / taizcapravRddhaiH prarvRddhAM, samaiH samAM, hInaizca hInAmunnati jAnIyAt / tadanu mUlamaNDapavedikAyAM paMcavarNena rajasA ratnakAMcanarajatamayaprAratrayopetaM gopura-catuSkAlaMkRtaM toraNa-dhvaja-puSkariNIpuSpa-prAkAropazobhitaM samavasaraNamAlikhya madhye ca padmarAgAdibhinirmite mRgAdhipAsane caturmukhamaSTaprAtihAryopetaM bhagavantaM saMsthApya vedIyavArakavitAnakapuSpagRhAdikaM pUrvavatkRtvA ziSyaM tatrAnIya sakalikAM vidhAya mantrairAlabhya. muktapuSpaiH sampUjyAlaMkArairalaMkRtyAkSatAnAcAryamantreNAbhimayAnuyogagaNAnujJArthaM caityavaMdanaM zrutAdidevatAnAM ca kAyotsargANi kRtvA paMca-namaskArapUrvakaM nandisUtramAvartayet / ziSyo'pi mukhavastrikayA sthagitamukhakamalaH zRNuyAt / anantaramAcAryo bhagavatpAdayuge vAsAn prakSipya gomayazAlipuSpAdicUrNamayAn saMgha bhaTTArakasya vAsAn datvA evaM brUyAt-"ahamasya sAdhoranuyogamuktalakSaNamanujAnAmi kSamAzramaNAnAM hastena dravyaguNaparyAyAkhyAMgarUpareSo'nujJAtaH' ityatrAntare vanditvA ziSyaH 'saMdizata yUyaM kiM bhaNAmi' ityAdi varNajAtaM yathaiva sAmAyikaiH tathAtraiva draSTavyamiti / tadanuvAsakSepapUrvakaM pradakSiNAtrayaM kArayitvA'nuyogAnujJAM dadyAt / tadarthaM kAyotsarga kRtvA niSadyAyAmupavizya Atmano dakSiNabhAge ziSyamupavezya lagnavelAyAM kumbhakayogenAcAryaparamparAgataM pustakAdiSu likhitamAcAryamantraM nivedayet / tato gandhapuSpAkSatAnvitaM muSTitrayamakSANAM datvA tadanu chatra-cAmara-hastyazva-zibikArAjAMgAni yogapaTTakA khaTikA-pustakAkSasUtra-pAdukAdikaM ca dadyAt / svazAkhAnugataM ca nAma datvA svagacchena saha dvAdazAvartavandanakaM datvA gaNaM samAjJAM zrAvayet"adyaprabhRti dIkSApratiSThAvyAkhyAdikaM jJAtvA parIkSya ca tvayA vidheyam" iti / tatazca 'vyAkhyAnaM kuru' ityanujJAtonanyAdi vyAkhyAnaM yathAzakta yA karotyabhinavAcAryaH / tadanu mUlAcAryo niSadyAyAM samupavizya SaTtriMzadujjvalamahAguNaratnadhuryaM retatpadaM prathitagotamamukhyapuMbhiH / AsevitaM sakaladuHkhavimokSaNAya, nirvAhaNIyamazaThaM bhavatApi nityam / / 1 / /
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 817 Aropyate padamidaM bahupuNyabhAjo, nirvAhayanti ca nirantarapuNyabhAjaH / ArAdhya zuddhavidhinA ghanamekamekaM, saMprApnuvanti zanakaiH zivadhAmasaukhyam / / 2 / / nAsmAtpadAjjagati sAmpratamasti kiMci danyatpadaM zubhataraM paramaM narANAm / .. yenAtra paMcaparameSThipadeSu madhye' tikrAntamAdyayugalaM khalu kAladoSAt / / 3 / / ityAdi vAkyairAcAryo'nuzAstiM dadyAt / tadanu bhagavate nivedya "prAcAryo'yaM tvadanujJAto mayA kRto bhavatprasAdAdadhikAraM nirvighnena karotu" iti vijJApayet / punarbhagavate praNipAtaM kArayitvA bhagavantaM kSamApayet / sa ca labdhAdhikAro gurupAramparyAgatamadhikAraM kuryAditi / evamanena vidhinA rAjyakAmasya bhraSTarAjyasya putra. kAmasaubhAgyakAmayozcAbhiSekaM kuryAditi / atra zaMkhAdInAM mantrAH / OM mAM iMuM prAnandAtmane namaH / evaM zeSA api pUrvottarAntA vijJeyAH / OM prAM iM UM sarvaratnebhyo vizvAtmakebhyo nAmarakSAmantraH / sarvabIjebhyaH indrAtmakebhyo namaH / bIjamantraH / sarvoSadhibhyaH somAtmikAbhyo namaH / auSadhimantraH / sarvagandhebhyaH pArthivAtmakebhyo namaH / gandhamantraH / sarvamRdbhyaH pRthivyAtmikAbhyo namaH / mRttikAmantraH / nyagrodhAtmane surAdhipatoraNAya namaH / / palAzAtmane tejodhipatoraNAya namaH / 2 / udumbarAtmane dharmarAjatoraNAya namaH / 3 / siddhakAtmane rakSAdhipatoraNAya namaH / 4 / azvatthAtmane salilAdhipatoraNAya namaH / / madhukAtmane pavanAdhipatoraNAya namaH / 6 / plakSAtmane yakSAdhipatoraNAya namaH / 7 / bilvAtmane vidyAdhipatoraNAya namaH / / toraNamantraH // iti prAcAryAbhiSeka: / / (nirvANakalikA, patra 7 (2) se 6) / 'prAcAryAbhiSeka' ke pazcAt patra saMkhyA 10 (1 aura 2) meM "bhUparIkSA", patra saMkhyA 11 (1) meM zilAnyAsa vidhi ullikhita hai| ina donoM ko vijJa pAThaka dekhanA cAheM to mUla prati se dekha sakate haiN| patra saM0 11 (2), 12 aura 13 para pratiSThAvidhi ullikhita hai, jo isa prakAra hai : ||ath pratiSThAvidhi / tatra sthApyasya jinabimbAderbhadrapIThAdau vidhinA nyasanaM pratiSThA / tasyAzca sthApakatrayaM zilpI 1, indraH 2, prAcArya 3 shceti| tatrAdha: sAMgavayavaramaNIyaH kSAntimArdavArjavasatyazaucasampannaH madyamAMsAdibhogarahita: kRtajJo vinIta: zilpI siddhAntavAn vicakSaNaH dhRtimAn vimalAtmA zilpinAM pradhAno jitAriSaDvarga:
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________________ 818 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 kRtakarmA nirAkula iti 1 / indro'pi viziSTajAtikulAnvito yuvA kAntazarIraH kRtajJorUpalAvaNyAdiguNAdhAra sakalajananayanAnandakArI sarvalakSaNopeto devatAgurubhaktaH samyakranAlaMkRtaH vyasanAsaMgaparAGmukhaH zIlavAn paMcANuvratAdiguNayuto gambhIraH sitadukUlaparidhAnaH kRtacandanAMgarAgo mAlatIracitazekharaH kanakakuNDalAdibhUSitazarIrastArahAra virAjitavakSasthalaH sthapatiguNAnvitazceti 2 / sUrizcAryadezasamutpannaHkSINaprAyakarmamalo brahmacaryAdiguNagaNAlaMkRtaH paMcavidhAcArayuto rAjAdInAmadrohakArI zrutAdhyayanasampannaH tatvajJo bhUmigRhavAstulakSaNAnAM jJAtA dIkSAkarmaNi pravINo nipuNaH sUtrapAtAdivijJAne sraSTA sarvatobhadrAdi maNDalAnAmasamaH prabhAve AlasyavajitaH priyaMvado dInAnAthavatsalaH saralasvabhAvo vA sarvaguNAnvitazceti / sa ca SaSThASTamAditapovizeSaM vidhAya kArApakAnUkale lagne hastAdArabhya navahastAntAnAM pratimAnAmAdyAsu tisRSu aSTanavadazahastaM itarAsu caturhastAdi-pratimAsu hastadvayavRddha yA, yadvA ekahastAdikrameNaiva dvAdazadvihastavRddha yA prAgeva maNDapa prAsAdasyAgrataH kArayitvA tasya prAcyAmIzAnyAM vA snAnamaNDapamadhivAsanAmaNDapArdhana nivezya laghupratimAsu paMcaSaTsaptahastAni toraNAni itarAsu ca vasuvedAMgulAgraNi nyagrodhodumbarAzvatthaplakSadrumasamudbhavAni pUrvAdArabhya zAntibhUtibalArogyasaMjJakAni toraNAnyastra-zuddhAni varmAvaguNThitAni praNavena vinyasya hRnmantraiH svanAmabhirabhyarcya tacchAkhayormeghamahAmeghau kAlanIlau jalAjalau acalabhUlitau praNavAdisvAhAntaiH svanAmabhiH sampUjya, tato dvAreSu kamalazvetaindraprAyaraktakRSNanIlameghapItapadmavarNAH patAkAzca datvA madhye zvetacitre vA dhvaje sampUjya pAzcAtyadvAreNa pravizet / tataH pazcimAyAM pUrvAbhimukho vA maNDapanirIkSaNaprekSaNatADanAbhyukSaNAvakiraNapUraNa samIkaraNasevanAkuTTanasanmArjanopalepanAcakrIkaraNAntaiH karmabhiH svasvamantropetaiH saMskRtya candanacchaTAbhiH samprokSyojjvalasvacchabhatAnvicintayan vinikSipya punastAn darbhakUcikayA samAhRtya maNDapasya madhye yavArakopazobhitAM chatracAmara-bhRgArakalazadhvajadarpaNavyajanasupratIkASTamaMgalakAnvitAM vedI saMsthApya tato vAsuki-nirmokaladhunI pratyagravAsasI dadhAnaH karAMgulIvinyastakAMcanamudrika: prakoSThadeza-niyojitakanakakaMkaNaH tapasA vizuddhadeho vedikAyAmudaGmukhamupavizya bhUtazuddhi vidhAya sakalIkakaraNArghapAtraM kRtvA indrAdInAM kavacaM vidhAya satpuSpAkSatagandhadhUpa-pakvAnnamanoharaM sarvavighnazAntaye svayamAcArya indrAdimUrtigharaiH saha sarvAsu dikSu bali prakSipya kSetrAdhipa puSpadhUpAkSatanaivedyadIpAdinA sampUjya hastau pAdau ca prakSAlya kRtAcamano vedikAyAmupavizya paMcavarNena rajasA svarNavAhanAyudhAlaMkRtAn lokapAlAn saMlikhya dadhidUrvAkSatAdibhirvAhanAyudhasamanvitAn sampUjya anantaraM maNDapAbahiH kumudAMjanacamarapuSpadantAbhighAnAn kSetrapAlAn pUjayet / tato hemAdya katamaM kumbhamAnIya gAlitAmbhasA prapUrya saMhRtavikAreSvAsanaM dattvA tatra mUrtirUpa kumbhaM vinyasya sAGgaM jinezaM sampUjya pUrvadvAri prazAnta zizirau / dakSiNe parjanyA-zokau / pazcime bhUtasaMjIvanAmRtau / uttare dhanezazrIkumbhau savastrau sraksUtrakaNThau sahiraNyau cUtAzvatthadalabhUSitavaktrau bojapUrAdiphalasahitau nandyAdidvArAdhiSThitau sampUjya yathAkramaM svasvadikSu
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaMDa 2 ] [ 816 indrAdidharaNendrAntaM lokapAlAdhiSThitaM kumbhadazakaM tato khaNDadhArayA bhaMgAreNa saha kumbhamAbhrAmya bho bhoH zakra yathA svasyAM dizi vighnaprazAntaye sAvadhAnena snAnAntaM yAvadbhavitavyamiti / ___ anena krameNa lokapAlAn sambodhya / tataH snAnamaNDapaM dugdhadadhisarpizcandanaM kukumaM sumanaso dhUpaM tathA ratnAni mRttikAH kaSAyAdikaM pratiSThopayogakArakavAtaM. tathA ratna-phalasasyauSadhIaSTavargAdisaMjJakAn kumbhAnvinyasya astraprokSitAn kavacAvaguNThitAn svasaMjJAbhirabhyarcya kSIradadhisapirikSusamudrarUpAn parikalpyaH bahiranyAnapi kumbhAn saMsthApya lokapAlAyudhAMkitaM zilAnavakaM paMcakaM vA tAsu. kalazopetaM samAnIya snAnamupakramet / saptadhAnyena ratnasamUhenamadbhiH kaSAyavargeNa mUlikAbhiraSTavargeNodakAntaracandanena tIrthAmbhobhiH paMcagavyAdinA saMsnApya raktavastrairAcchAdya maNDapaM pradakSiNIkRtya pAzcAtyadvAreNa pravezya vedikAyAM saMsthApya adhivAsanAmantreNAdhivAsya puSpavAsadhUpAdibhiH sampUjya mudrAnyAsaM kRtvA dharmAbhijaptavAsasA saMcchAdya naivedyaM datvA arhadAdIni paMcatatvAni vinyasyakSmAptejovAtAkAzagandharasarUpasparzazabdopasthapAyupAdapANivAknAsikA jihvAcakSustvakzrotramano'haMkArabuddhaya iti niSThurayA saMnirodhya zilAM pUjayet / pUrvAdizilAsu ca tatvAni sarvANi vinyasya nirodhya pUjayet / / __atha zilAkumbhanAmAni-nandAbhadrA jayA riktA ceti hastapramANA aSTAMguloDritAH svastikAGkitAH zailamaye zailamayA: iSTikAmaye tanmayAH padmamahApadma-zaMkha-marakata-samudrAkhyAH kumbhA iti paMca-mUrtipakSaH / navapakSe tu subhadra-vibhadra-sudanta--jaya-vijaya--pUrva-uttara-saMjJakAH zilAH / sunandA bhadrA jayA pUrNA ajitA vijayA maMgalA dharaNIsaMjJakAH madhyasthA brahmarUpiNIti / tataH zilAM kumbhAMzcAdAya prAsAdasthAnamAgatya gartAsu OM ahaM jinAya namaH iti madhyama gartAyAM kumbhaM vinyasya lagnakAle siddhazakti vinyasya saMcintya OM hrAM jinAya svAheti mantramuccArya namaskAreNa zilAM nivezayet / tataH pUrvAdigartAsu siddhAnAM zakti vinyasya tdnntrN| OM lU indrAya namaH / OM rU agnaye namaH / OM sU yamAya namaH OM dhUM naiRtaye namaH / OM vU varuNAya namaH / OM gaM vAyave namaH / OM yUM kuberAya namaH / OM hUM IzAnAya namaH / OM nAgAya namaH / OM brahmaNe namaH iti lokezamantraistAmramayakumbhAn ghRtamadhupUritAn kRtasraksUtrakaNThAn vinyasya teSAmupari zilAH saMsthApya dharmAdicatuSkaM adharmAdicatuSkaM ca zilAnAmadhiSThAyakatvena vinyasya vizeSataH pUjAM vidhAya tataH saMghAdikaM pUjayediti / pAdakAste tu saMkalpAH, prAsAdasya tu dezikaiH / siddhazakti tu saMyojya, vyomaprAsAdamadhyagAm / / iti pAdapratiSThA prthmaa|
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________________ 120 j / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-gAna 4 // atha dvArapratiSThAvidhiH // tatra pUrvavatdravyavAtamAhRtya dvArapAlapUjAdikaM karka katmA dvArAMgAni kaSAyAdibhiH saMsnApya raktayugayAsaMchAdya maNDapamadhye vedikAyAmAropya adha audumbara prAyAntaM dhamAptejovAtAkAzagandharasasparzazabdopasthapAyupAdapANivAvaghrANa jihvAcakSustvakazrotramano'haMkArabuddhirAgavidyAkalAniyatikAlamAyeti tatra vAtamAropya gandhapuSpAkSatAdibhiH sampUjya svamantreNAdhivAsya dvAradeze vAstuM sampUjya ratnAdipaMcakaM vinyasya praNavAsanaM datvA sUriH svamantreNa lagnavelAyAM dvAraM vinyasya yavasiddhArthakakrAntARddhivRddha yamRtamohanAgozRgamRdvarotpalakuSThatilAbhiSavalakSmaNArocanAsahadevIdadhidUrveti dravyasamUhaM vicitrakArpaTe baddha vA UvAdumbare yakSezazriyaM cAtmano dakSiNavAmazAkhayoH kAlagaMge mahAkAlayamune vinyasyediti devatASaTka jinAjJayA saMnirodhya dUrvAdadhyakSatAdibhiH sampUjayet / pUrvavat zAntibaliM datvA bhagavantaM sampUjya saMgha prapUjayet / iti dvArapratiSThA dvitIyA // // atha bimbapratiSThAvidhiH / / tatra pUrvavat maNDapadvayaM kRtvA kArakasamUhamAharet / suvarNarajatatAmramayaM mRnmayaM vA snAnArtha kalazASTakam / AdyakumbhacatuSkam / vArakANAmaSTottarazataM caturaMgo vedI mallakAnAM paMcAzat veNuyavavArakAn zarAvaprarUpaMzca sthapatikumbhaM yavabrIhigodhUmatilamASamudgavallacaraNakamasUratuvarIvaNabIjanIvArazyAmakAdidhAnyavargaH / / 1 / / vajrasUryakAntanIlamahAnIlamauktikapuSparAgapadmarAgavaiDUryAdiratnavargaH // 2 // hemarajatatAmrakRSNalohavapuritikAkAMsyasIsakAdilohavargaH // 3 // nyagrodhodumbarAzvatthacampakAzokakadambAmrajambUbakulArjunapATalAvetasakiMzukAdi kaSAyavargaH / / 4 / / balmIkaparvatAgranadhu bhayataTa mahAnadIsaMgamakuza bilvamUlacatuSpathadantidantagozRgarAjadvArapadmasaraekavRkSAdimRttikAvargaH // 1 // gaMgAyamunAmahInarmadAsarasvatItAptIgodAvarIsamudrapadmasarastAmraparNInadIsaMgamAdi pAnIyavargaH // 6 // sahadevIjayAvijayAjayantIaparAjitAviSNukrAntAzaMkhapuSpIbalAatibalAhemapuSpIvizAlAnAkulIgandhanAkulIsahavArAhIzatAvarImedAmahAmedAkAkolIkSIrakAkolIkumArIbRhatIdvayaM cakrAkAmayUrazikhAlakSmaNAdUrvAdarbhapataMjArIgorambhArudrajaTAlajjAlikAmeSazagIRddhivRddha yAdyauSadhivargaH // 7 // priyaMguvacArodhrayaSTImadhukuSThadevadAruuzIraRddhivRddhizatAvarIprabhUtyaSTakavargaH // 8 // vAlakAmalakajAtipatrikAharidrAgranthiparNakamustAkupThAdisauMSadhivargaH // 6 / / silhakakuSThakamAMsImurabhAMsIzrIkhaNDAgurukarpUranakhapUtikezAdigandhavargaH / / 10 / / |
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 821 vAsAzrIkhaNDakukumakarpUramudrikAkaMkaNamadanaphalAni raktasUtraMUrNAsUtra lohamudrikARddhivRddhiyutaMkaMkaNaM yavamAlikAta' kA zilAgorocanAzveta sarSapAsitayugAdvayaM paTTAcchAdanaM paTalakAni ghaNTA: dhUpadahanakAni rajatavaTTikAM suvarNazalAkAM kAMsyabaTTikAM prAdarzaH / nAlikera bIjapUrakakadalaka dalaka nAraMgAmra jambUkUSmANDa vRntAkAmalakabadarAdi prazasta phalavargaH / pUgIphalanAgavallIdalAni mAtRpuTikAnAM zatamaSTottaraM / akhaNDataNDulAnAM setikA ikSuyaSTikApuSpANaM ca iti pracuramAnIyottamavedikAyAM kArakajAtaM vinyasya hastazatapramANAyAM bhuvi jIvarakSAdinA kSetrazuddhi vidadhyAt / tathA coktam / kAuM khettavisuddhi, maMgalakouyajuyaM maNabhirAmaM / vatthu jattha paiTThA, kAyavvA vIyarAyassa / / 1 / / iti tadanu pUrvavat maNDapapradezaM vidhAya tato maMgalArthamAdau caityavandana zAMtyartha devatAnAM ca kAyotsargANi kRtvA tadanu vedikAyAmupavizya OM namo arihaMtANaM namo siddhANaM namo pAyariyANaM namo uvajjhAyANaM namo loe savvasAhUNaM OM namo savvosahipattANaM OM namo vijjAharANaM OM namo aAgAsagAmINaM kaM kSaM namaH azuciH zucirbhavAmi svAheti paMcasaptavArAn surabhimudrayA zucitvApAdanAyAtmani zucividyAM vinyasya zrImadarhadAdimantrairAtmano rakSAM kuryAt / tathA cAgamaH suivijjAe suiNA, paMcaMgAbaddhapariyareNa ciraa| nisiUNa jahAThANaM, disi devayamAie savve / / 1 / / evaM sannaddhagatto ya, sui dakkho jiiNdiro| siyavasthapAuraMgo, posahiyo kuNai apaiTTham / / 2 / / tatazca zraddhAyukta zucitapasA zuddhadehaM zekharakaTakakeyUrakuNDalamudrikAhAravaikakSAdiSoDazAbharaNopetaM devasya dakSiNabhujAzritamindraM parikalpayet / ukta ca uiyadisAsu viNivesiyassa, dakkhiNabhuyANumaggeNa / uttamasiyavatthavinasieNaM, kayasukayakammeNaM / / 1 / / tadanantaramindrasya mantramayaM kavacaM kRtvA namo arihantANaM namo siddhANaM namo AyariyANaM namo AgAsagAmINaM namo cAraNAiladdhINaM je ime kiMnarakiMpurisamahoragagarulasiddhagandhavvajakkharakkhasabhUyapisAyaDAiNipabhai jiNagharaNivAsiNo niryAnayanilayaTTiyA ya viyAriNo sannihiyA ya asannihiyA ya te savve vilevaNapupphaghUvapaIvasaNAhaM bali paDicchantu tuTTikarA bhavantu sivaMkarA bhavantu santikarA bhavantu satthayaNaM kuNantu savva jiNANaM saMnihANaM bhAvo pasanabhAveNa savvattha rakkhaM kuNantu savvaduri. yANi nAsantu savvAsivaM uvasamantu santipuThThituTThisivasatthayaNakAriNo bhavantu svAhetyAdimantreNa vighnoccATanAya bhUtabali prakSipet /
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________________ .922 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 tataH pratimAkoNeSu sraksUtraphalAnvitAn catuHkumbhAn saMsthApya hrAM lalATe / 'OM hrIM vAmakarNe / OM hradakSiNakarNe OM hrauM zirasi pazcimabhAge / OM hraH mstkopri| OMkSmAM netrayoH / OM kSmI mukhe / OM kSmU kaNThe / OM mauM hRdaye / OM maH bAhavoH / OM kroM udare / OM hrIM kttyaaN| OM hra jaMghayoH / OM kSmU pAdayoH / OM maH hastayoriti kukumazrIkhaNDakarpUrAdinA cakSuHpratisphoTAdinivAraNAya pratimAyAM vilikhet / tadanu OM hUM jhU phuTa kiriTi-kiriTi ghAtaya-ghAtaya paravighnAnAsphoTayAsphoTaya sahasrakhaNDAn kuru-kuru paramudrAM chinda-chinda paramantrAn bhinda-bhinda kSa: phaT svAhetyanena zvetasarSapAn parikSipya digbandhAya pUrvAdikASThAsu vinikSipya tadanu cAcAryazcatura kalazAn gAlitAmbhasA prapUrya puSpAkSatAdibhiH sampUjya mantrairAlabhya sthapati ca vastrAlaMkAratAmbUlAdinA saMpUjya mudritaM kalazaM samarpya zeSAMzcendrAdInAM samapyeSTAMzasamayesUtradhArakalazapuraHsarAM pratimA snApayet / iti prathamaM kalazasnAnam // tataH saptadhAnyaratnamattikAkaSAyauSadhiaSTavargasauMSadhipaMcAmRtagandhavAsacandanakukumakarpU ratIrthodakAdiyukta : svasvamudrAbhimantritaiH kumbhaiH snApyediti / atra snAnamantrAH / OM namo yaH sarvazarIrAvasthite mahAbhUte ATujalaM gRha NagRha Na svAheti prathamasnAnaSaTkasyAyaM mantraH / OM namo yaH sarvazarIrAvasthite pRthu vipRtha-vipRthu gandhaM gRha Na-gRha Na svAhetyaSTavargAdisnAnasamUhasyAyaM mantraH / OM namo yaH sarvazarIrAvasthiti medini puru-puru puSpavati puSpaM gRha Na-gRha Na svAheti samastasnAnAnAM puSpamantro'yam / OM namo yaH sarvazarIrAvasthite daha-daha mahAbhUte tejodhipataye ghUpaM gRha Na-gRha Na svAheti samastasnAnAnAM dhUpamantro'yam / tadevamAkArazuddhi vidhAya parameSTimudrayA pratimAyAM bhagavantamAvAhayet / OM namo'rhatparamezvarAya caturmukhaparameSThine trailokyanatAya aSTadikkumArIparipUjitAya devAdhidevAya divyazarIrAya trailokyamahitAya Agaccha-Agaccha svAhA / tato'bhimantritacandanena pratimAM savAMgAM samAlipya aMjalimudrayA puSpANyadhiropya dhUpaM codgrAhya vAsAn prakSipya zvetavAsasA pracchAdya mUlamantreNa saMpUjya hRdaye saMsthApya maNDapaM pradakSiNIkRtya hiraNyakAMsyavasuratnakarambakapardakaprakSepapUrvaka nItvA maNDapAgre hRdaye rathAtsamuttAya pazcimadvAreNa maNDapa pravezya bhadrapIThe saMsthApya agrataH pIThikAyAM nandAvartAkhyamaNDale mantrAn sampUjayet / tatra candanAnulipte
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaMDa 2 ] [ 823 zrIparNIphalake ... .... kesareSu mAtRgaNaM praNavAdinamontaM sampa jyet| tadanu patreSu jayAdidevatAcatRSTayamAgneyAdisu jambhAdidevatAgaNaM bahizcatuviMzatyavjapatreSu lokAntikadevatAgaNaM anantaraSoDazapatreSu vidyASoDazakamabhyarcya. uparitanapavaye krameNa vaimAnikadevAn sadevIkAn dikpAlAMzca sampa jya tato dvAdazagaNAdikamazeSamapi devatAgaNaM maNDaladhvajatoraNAdikaM ca puSpAkSatAdibhiramyarcayet / .......... (nirvANakalikA, patra 11 (2) se 16 (2) taka) isake pazcAt patra saM0 17 se 21 taka nirvANakalikA meM indroM, anekAneka sadevIka devoM, una devoM ke prAyudhoM taka ko prAcArya dvArA "namaH" uccAraNa ke sAtha namana karane ke vidhAna ke pazcAt patra saMkhyA 22 (1) meM nimnalikhita rUpa meM vidhAna kiyA gayA hai : "tadanu rUpayauvanalAvaNyavatyo racitodAraveSA avidhavAH sukumArikAH gur3apiNDapihitamukhAn caturaH kumbhAn koNeSu saMsthApya kAMsyapAtrIvinihitadUrvAdadhyakSata. ta' kAdha pakaraNasamanvitA: suvarNAdidAnapurassaramaSTau catasro vA nAryo raktasUtreNa spRzeyuH / zeSAMzca maMgalAni dadya : / tathA cAgamaH - cau nArIpromiNaNaM, niyamA ahiyAsu natthi u viroho / nevatthaM va imAsi, jaM pavaraM taM ihaM seyaM // 1 // dikkhiya jiNaomiNaNA, dANAu sasattio taheyaMmi / vehavvaM dAlidda, na hoi kaiyAvi nArINaM / / 2 / / tAsAM ca lavaNagur3Adi datvA lavaNArAtrikamuccArayet / tathA coktam : ArattiyamavayAraNamaMgaladIvaM ca nimmiuM pacchA / caunArIhiM nimmaccharaNaM ca vihiNA u kAyavvaM // 3 // tato vardhamAnastutibhiH saMghasahitAzcaityavandanamadhivAsanAdidevatAnAM kAyotsargANi kuryAt / ukta ca-- vaMditu ceiyAiM, ussaggo taha ya hoi kAyavvo / ArAhaNAnimittaM, pavayaNadevIe saMgheNa / / 4 / / vizvAzeSesu vastusu mantrairyAjasramadhivasati vstau| sAsyAmavataratu zrIjinatanumadhivAsanAdevI / / 5 / / protphullakamalahastA jinendravarabhavanasaMsthitA devii| kundenduzaMkhavarNA devI adhivAsanA jayati / / 6 / / .. mA . . . ...
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________________ 824 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 evamanena vidhinA zrImantabhagavantamadhivAsya gandhadhupapuSpAdyadhivAsitAyAM svAstIrNAyAM vidrumazayyAyAM zAyayet / varmajaptA'raktavAsasA cAcchAdayet / __ tadanu saptagItavAdyamaMgalAdinA caturvighazramaNasaMghena saha / tataH prabhAtAyAM zarvaryAmudaye prApte vAsare sUriH pratiSThAMkuryAt / ukta ca iya vihiNA ahivAsejja devabimba nisAe suddhamaNo / to uggayammi sUre hoi paiTThAsamArambho / / 1 / / // iti adhivAsanA vidhiH / / tataH kAMcit kAlakalAM vilambya pUrvavacchAntibali prakSipya caityavandanAdikaM karma kRtvA vastramapanIyA vidhavAnAyikAyA: samarpayet / tato rajatamayavartikA nihitamadhudivyayA suvarNazalAkayA arhanmantramuccArya jJAnacakSurunmIlayet / / tathA cAgamaH - kallAraNasalAyAe mahughayapuNNAe acchi ugvaadd'e| aNNeNa vA hiraNNeNa niyayajahasattivihaMveNaM / / 2 / / dRSTinyAse ca dRSTerApyAyananimittaM ghRtAdarzadaghI ni saMdarzayet / tadaMnu yone'pi koTisahasrAvasthAnaM vacanasya svasvabhASayA pariNamanaM rugvairamAridurbhikSaDamarAdInAmabhAvaH / ativRSTyanAvRSTi na bhavataH / iti karmakSayotpannaguNAn jinendrANAM sthApayet / ___OM namo bhagavate arhate ghAtikSayakAriNe ghAtikSayotpannaguNAn jine saMsthApayAmi svAhA / ghAtikarmakSayotpanna kAdazAtizayasthApanAmantraH / / pazcAdAcAryaH svamantroccArapurassaraM prAsAdaM gatvA vighnAnutsAdya ratnAdipaMcakaM vinyaset / tatra pUrvasyAM vacaM ...... .......... / (patra 22) isa prakAra lagabhaga 77 pRSThoM kI kRti "nirvANakalikA' meM pratiSThA paddhati kA vistAra ke sAtha pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, paurNamika gaccha ke saMsthApaka prAcArya candraprabhasUri Adi aneka kriyoddhArakoM ne samaya-samaya para kriyoddhAra karate samaya, "nirvANakalikA" meM ullikhita pratiSThA paddhati athavA vidhi ke katipaya una vidhAnoM ko amAnya ghoSita kara diyA jo unheM zramaNAcAra athavA jaina saMskRti ke mUla siddhAntoM se nitAnta pratikUla pratIta hue| samaya-samaya para kiye gaye una kriyoddhAroM ke anantara navIna pratiSThA paddhatiyoM kA nirmANa prArambha huaa| paurNamika, Agamika, prAMcalika Adi katipaya gacchoM ke prAcAryoM ne apanI-apanI samAcAro meM yaha niyama banA diyA ki pratiSThA sambandhI ... .... . . .... ......... ... .. .... .... .... ...
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________________ sAmAnya zrutaghara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 825 saba kArya kisI suyogya zrAvaka ke dvArA hI karavAye jAyaM aura koI bhI sAdhu pratiSThAviSayaka kArya na kare / isake viparIta tapAgaccha kharataragaccha Adi katipaya gacchoM ke vidvAnoM ne apanI-apanI navIna pratiSThApaddhatiyoM kA nirmANa kara pratiSThAcArya ke zarIra para savA (suhAgina striyoM) dvArA taila mardana pIThI karane Adi nirvANa kalikA meM ullikhita vidhAnoM ko to sadA ke liye chor3a chiTakA diyA kintu "pratiSThA karAte samaya pratiSThAcArya ke kara meM svarNakaMkaraNa evaM karAMguli meM svarNa- mudrikA avazyameva dhAraNa kare" isa vidhAna ko apanI-apanI navanirmita pratiSThA-paddhatiyoM meM yathAvat hI rakhA / tapAgaccha ke vidvAn upAdhyAya dharmasAgaragaraNa ne apanI vi0 saM0 1626 kI "pravacanaparIkSA" nAmaka kRti meM pratiSThAcArya dvArA pratiSThA ke prasaMga meM svarNakaMkaraNa evaM svarNa mudrikA dhAraNa ke vidhAna ko samucita ThaharAte hue likhA hai - "thor3e se samaya ke liye pratiSThAcArya dvArA svarNakaMkaNa evaM mudrikA kA dhAraNa karanA parigraha kI paribhASA meM nahIM AtA, ataH yaha vidhAna samucita hI hai / " isa ullekha se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki aneka prakAra kI navIna pratiSThA paddhatiyoM athavA vidhiyoM ke nirmAraNa ke anantara bhI nirvANa kalikA meM ullikhita aneka vidhAna zramaNAcAra evaM zAstroM ke nitAnta viparIta hote hue bhI jaina dharma saMgha kI vibhinna sampradAyoM- AmnAyoM athavA gacchoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM vidyamAna rahe / isakA mUla kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki vartamAna kAla meM jitanI bhI pratiSThAvidhiyAM upalabdha hotI haiM, unakI jananI vastutaH nirvANa kalikA hI hai / nirvANa kalikA kI amiTa chApa ina saba pratiSThA paddhatiyoM para vajrarekhA kI bhAMti Aja bhI aMkita hai / zrAgamoM meM yadi kahIM pratiSThA athavA pratiSThApaddhati kA ullekha hotA to usa dazA meM kisI na kisI vidvAn ke dvArA, kisI na kisI AcArya ke dvArA usa prakAra kI pratiSThA paddhati kA anusaraNa - anukaraNa kiyA jAtA, kintu upalabdha AgamoM meM to vastutaH pratiSThA karavAne athavA pratiSThA-paddhati kA kahIM para nAmamAtra ke lie bhI ullekha nahIM hai / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM zramaNa bha0 mahAvIra ke vizvakalyANakArI evaM mUlata: muktipradAyI ekamAtra prAdhyAtmikatA se hI prataprota prazasta patha para agrasara hone vAle dharmaratha ko bAhyADambara kI sammohaka dhundha se prAcchAdita anAgamika pratikUla dizAgAmI vipatha para daur3Ane ke icchuka dravyaparamparAoM ke karNadhAroM ke pAsa, vastutaH dekhA jAye to nirvANakalikA kA andhAnukararaNa karane ke atirikta anya koI upAya bhI to nahIM thA / bAhyADambara ke ghaTATopa se prAcchAdita anAgamika vipatha para dravya paramparAoM dvArA druta gati se daur3Aye jA rahe dharmaratha ko punaH Agama pradarzita AdhyAtmikatA se ota-prota prazasta patha para mor3a dene ke punIta lakSya se loMkAzAha
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________________ 826 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 ne vi0 saM0 1508 meM samagra krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA, usase jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke antarcakSu unmIlita hue| abhinava jAgaraNa kI eka amiTa lahara AryadhArA ke isa chora se usa chora taka taraMgita ho utthii| muktikAmI sacce mumukSutroM ne anAgamika AcAra-vicAra evaM vikRtiyoM kA parityAga kara vizuddha Agamika patha ko apnaayaa| Aja na kevala lokAzAha dvArA pradarzita vizuddha mUla Agamika patha ke pathikoM evaM unake anuyAyiyoM meM hI apitu sampUrNa jaina saMgha meM dharma ke ADambara vihIna AdhyAtmika svarUpa ke prati jo prema parilakSita hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa athavA parokSa kisI na kisI rUpa meM loMkAzAha dvArA prArambha kI gaI zAntipUrNa dharmakrAnti kA hI pratiphala hai| yadi loMkAzAha dvArA vi0 sa0 1508 meM dharmakrAnti kA sUtrapAta nahIM kiyA jAtA to Aja caraNa vihArI, aniyatavAsI, viharUka, niSparigrahI AcAryoM evaM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke sthAna para chatra-cAmaradhArI nirvANakalikA ke vidhAnAnusAra suhAgina striyoM se tailamardana-pIThI Adi karavAne aura svarNa kaMkaNa, svarNamudrikA dhAraNa karane vAle, hastI, azva, zibikA Adi parigraha ke ambAra se Achanna hue prAcAryoM evaM santoM kA hI yatra-tatra-sarvatra bolabAlA hotA / isa prakAra kI anekAneka agaNita burAiyAM jaina samAja meM ghara kI huI thiiN| unameM se bahuta sI bar3I-bar3I burAiyAM lokAzAha dvArA pracalita dharmakrAnti ke pravAha meM baha giiN| Aja jaina saMgha meM na aise guru hI dRSTigocara hote haiM aura na anya isa prakAra ke andha zraddhAlu bhaktajana hii| yaha saba lokAzAha ke amita ojapUrNa prayAsoM kA hI pratiphala hai, jisake lie jaina samAja kI bhAvI pIr3hiyAM "prAcandradivAkarauM" lokAzAha ke prati AbhArI rheNgii| koTizaH praNAma haiM una mahAtmA ko| pArivArika evaM vaiyaktika jIvana paricaya jahA taka lokAzAha ke pArivArika athavA vaiyaktika jIvana paricaya kA prazna hai, jaina vAGmaya meM aneka prakAra ke paraspara virodhI evaM bhrAmaka ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| pichale adhyAya meM adyAvadhiparyanta upalabdha hae athavA prakAza meM pAye una sabhI ullekhoM ko zodhArthiyoM kI etadviSayaka agresara zodha meM sahAyaka samajhakara prastuta grantha meM samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai| yoM to vicAra kiyA jAya to kisI bhI mahApuruSa kI mahAnatA kI dyotaka unakI samAja ke AdhyAtmika, naitika evaM susabhyocita sAmAjika dharAtala ko samunnata karane vAlI sRjana zakti hI hai / atIta meM hue aneka aise paropakArI mahApuruSoM kA pArivArika paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA kintu jana-jana ke liye parama zreyaskara prazasta patha pradarzita karane vAlA kevala unakI sRjanAtmaka kRtitva kA paricAyaka unake AdhyAtmika jIvana kA hI paricaya upalabdha hotA hai| to isa prakAra kI
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 827 sthiti meM pArivArika jIvana ke paricaya ke abhAva se una mahApuruSoM kI mahAmahanIyA mahattA meM koI antara nahIM AtA / udAharaNa svarUpa digambara paramparA ke mahAn dharmoddhAraka prAcArya kunda-kunda ke pArivArika evaM vaiyaktika jIvana kA nAmamAtra ke lie bhI koI prAmANika paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA kintu phira bhI pratidina prAtaHkAla USAvelA meM uThe lAkhoM zraddhAluoM ke bhAvavibhora kaNThoM se guMjarita hue "maMgalaM kundakundAdyAH, jaina dharmo'stu maMgalam' isa bhaktisudhAsikta ghoSa se vistIrNa vAtAvaraNa mukharita ho uThatA hai / yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI mahApuruSoM ke vaiyaktika evaM pArivArika jIvana paraciya kA bhI apanI jagaha bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai--isa tathya ko kisI bhI dazA meM bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / mahApuruSoM ke AdhyAtmika jIvana paricaya ke sAthasAtha sAMgopAMga vaiyaktika pArivArika jIvana kA paricaya bhI upalabdha ho to vaha samAja ke lie, zraddhAlujanoM ke lie sone meM sugandha tulya sukhAvaha hotA hai / / yadi loMkAzAha kA koI prAmANika pArivArika evaM vaiyaktika paricaya upalabdha ho jAya to unake jIvana paricaya kI dRSTi se nahIM apitu samAja ke, zraddhAlu anuyAyiyoM ke karttavya kI dRSTi se parama santoSaprada hogaa| itane bar3e mahAn dharmoddhAraka aura abhUtapUrva krAnti ke sUtradhAra lokAzAha jaise mahApuruSa ke preraNApuMja sarvAMgapUrNa jIvana paricaya ko eka akSaya amUlya nidhi kI bhAMti surakSita nahIM rakhA gayA isake lie kisI ko doSa nahIM diyA jA sakatA kyoMki loMkAgaccha ke nAma se abhihita kI jAne vAlI loMkAzAha dvArA prakAza meM lAI gaI vizuddha Agamika paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI pATha pIr3hiyoM ke pazcAt eka lambe suniyojita SaDyantra ke pariNAmasvarUpa loMkAgaccha ke katipaya karNadhAra apane pramukha paTTadharoM ke sAtha loMkAzAha dvArA sUtrita kAnti kI AdhArazilA svarUpA mAnyatA se mukha mor3akara bhI apane Apako lokAgaccha ke anuyAyI batAte hue mUrtipUjaka bana gaye / pariNAmataH loMkAgaccha evaM lokAzAha se sambandhita sampUrNa mahatvapUrNa likhita sAmagrI lokAzAha kI mUla mAnyatA se vimukha hue logoM ke adhikAra meM raha gii| yadi usa mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika mahatva kI sAmagrI ko adyAvadhi naSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, to vaha bar3audA Adi loMkAgacchIya upAzrayoM ke kinhIM talagrahoM meM upalabdha ho sakatI hai| usa sAmagrI ko khoja nikAlane ke kucha prayAsa kiye gaye haiN| kintu abhI taka kicitmAtra bhI saphalatA prApta nahIM kI jA sakI hai| loMkAgaccha ke anyAnya upAzrayoM se loMkAzAha se sambandhita aitihAsika sAmagrI ke upalabdha ho sakane kI prabala sambhAvanA hai| para isa saba ke lie pUrNa niSThA lagana, zrama evaM tatparatA ke sAtha gahana zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| jaba taka isa prakAra kI khoja se vAstavika tathyoM ko prakAza meM nahIM
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________________ 828 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 lAyA jAtA taba taka loMkAzAha ke adyAvadhi upalabdha jIvana paricaya para hI santoSa kara lene ke atirikta koI mArga dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| anya kisI prakAra kA samucita upAya na dekhakara avazAvasthA meM kevala aupacArikatA kA nirvahana karane hetu sva0 muni zrI mariNalAlajI mahArAja dvArA apane "jaina dharma no prAcIna saMkSipta itihAsa ane prabhu vIra paTTAvalI" nAmaka grantha meM ullikhita lokAzAha ke jIvana paricaya kA aura 'eka pAtariyA' (potiyAbandha) gaccha kI paTTAvalI meM Dabdha lokAzAha ke prati saMkSipta evaM adhikAMza rUpeNa aparyApta vaiyaktika va pArivArika jIvana paricaya kA sAra mAtra prastuta grantha meM, diyA jA rahA hai| pAThakoM ko isa tathya se avagata karAnA apanA karttavya samajha kara uparilikhita donoM kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para lokAzAha ke jIvana paricaya kA sArAMza prastuta karane se pUrva yaha spaSTa kiyA jA rahA hai ki kaDuvA mata paTTAvalI meM, anumAnataH vikrama saM0 1480 se vi0 saM0 1563 taka kI avadhi meM virAjamAna Agama marmajJa vayovRddha vidvAn paMnyAsa harikIrti ke mukha se loMkAzAha ke sambandha meM jo kucha thor3A bahuta kahalavAyA gayA hai, usase adhikAMza kRtiyoM meM ullikhita lokAzAha sambandhI kAla nirdeza asatya siddha ho jAtA hai| ataH lokAzAha ke prastuta kiye jA rahe jIvana paricaya meM jahAM-jahAM samvatoM kA nirdeza hai, use prAmANika na samajhA jAya / kaccha nAnI pakSa ke yati (gorajI) zrI sundarajI ke pAsa lagabhaga vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI kI kalpa sUtra kI prati ke pIche saMlagna do prAcIna patroM para likhita lokAzAha ke saMkSipta jIvana vRtta ko lIMbar3I (moTA upAzraya) sampradAya ke zrI maMgalajI svAmI ke ziSya zrI kRSNajI svAmI ne lipibaddha kara usakI pratilipi muni zrI maNilAlajI kI sevA meM bhejI thI, usa prati ke AdhAra para muni zrI maNilAlajI ma0 ne apanI ukta prAcIna itihAsa nAmaka kRti meM lokAzAha kA jIvana vRtta ibdha kiyA hai| usI ke AdhAra para lokAzAha kA jo jIvana vRtta sAra rUpa diyA jA rahA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai "bhUtapUrva sirohI rAjya ke arahaTavAr3A nAmaka nagara ke nivAsI sammAnAspada caudharI pada se vibhUSita osavAla jAti ke zreSThivarya zrI hemAbhAI kI dharmaniSThA patiparAyaNA dharma patnI zrImatI gaMgAbAI kI kukSI se vi0 saM0 1482(aitihAsika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para pratIta hotA hai ki yahAM vi0 saM0 1472 honA cAhiye) kI kArtika zuklA pUrNimA ke dina zrI lokAzAha kA janma huaa| lambI pratIkSA ke pazcAt prosavAla dampatti ko putraratna kI prApti huI thI ataH unake harSa kA pArAvAra na rhaa| niyamita rUpa se sAmAyika, pratikramaraNa, pratyAkhyAna, pauSadha Adi ke mAdhyama se yathAzakti dharmArAdhana meM nirata gaMgAbAI ne
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 826 putraratna kI prApti ko mahAn puNyodaya kA pratiphala samajhate hue dharmArAdhana meM aura bhI adhikAdhika samaya lagAnA prArambha kara diyaa| pAMca varSa kI vaya ho jAne para bAlaka lokacandra ko arahaTavAr3A kI pAThazAlA meM par3hane ke liye bhejanA prArambha kara diyaa| kuzAgrabuddhi bAlaka lokacandra ne bar3I ruci ke sAtha par3hanA prArambha kiyaa| Ayu ke bar3hane ke sAtha-sAtha lokacandra kI likhane-par3hane kI ruci bhI uttarottara bar3hatI gaI aura 15 varSa kI vaya ko prApta hote-hote to usane sthAnIya vidyAlayoM meM dI jAne vAlI zikSA meM pArINatA prApta kara lii| dhArmika aura naitika susaMskAra bAlaka lokacandra ko apane mAtA-pitA se janma ghuTTI ke sAtha hI prApta hote rahe the| zaizavakAla meM lokacandra apanI mamatAmUrti mAtA ke sAtha aura bAlyakAla tathA kizora vaya meM apane dharmaniSTha pitA ke munidarzana evaM vyAkhyAna zravaNa ke liye jAte / bAla vaya meM hI lokAzAha ne sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, bhakti ke rasa se otaprota stavana, stotra Adi kaNThastha kara liye / lekhana kalA meM to lokAzAha ne bAlyakAla meM hI adbhuta niSNAtatA prApta kara lI thii| dharma ke prati lokAzAha kI aisI pragAr3ha niSThA thI ki ve prati dina niyamita rUpa se sAmAyika aura pAkSika parva ke avasara para sAyaMkAlIna pratikramaNa karane meM sadA agrasara rahate / ve avakAza milate hI apane pitA ke kArobAra meM unakA hAtha bttaate| sAmAyika ke samaya loMkAzAha kA svAdhyAya kA krama kramazaH bar3hatA hI gyaa| _caudharI (nagara zreSThi) zrI hemA bhAI arahaTavAr3A ke eka susampanna sadgRhastha the| unake gavAr3a meM gAyeM thIM, bhaiMseM thIM, dUdha dahI, ghI aura khAne-pIne kI kisI prakAra kI kamI kA usa sampanna ghara meM koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA thaa| jaba 15 varSa kI avasthA meM hI pUrNataH susvastha lokacandra yuvAvasthA ko prApta baliSTha yuvaka kI bhAMti pratIta hone lage to aneka zreSThiyoM ke yahAM se unake sagAI sambandha (vAgdAna) ke prastAva Ane lge| usa samaya taka hemA bhAI ne apane putra ke motiyoM ke samAna atIva sundara akSaroM ko dekha kara apane kArobAra ke nAme (lekhe-jokhe) kA kAma pUrI taraha loMkAzAha ko samhalA diyA thaa| apane kArobAra ke sambandha meM unheM prAyaH sirohI jAnA par3atA thaa| prArambha meM ve apane putra lokacandra ko apane sAtha le jAte aura vibhinna vyavasAyoM ke vyApAriyoM se usakA paricaya karavAte / hemA bhAI ne jaba yaha dekhA ki unakA putra apane vyavasAya ko calAne, sirohI Adi nagaroM ke vyApAriyoM se samparka sAdhane, unase sauhArda bar3hAne, apanI paTutApUrNa vAk mAdhurI se pratyeka vyavasAyI evaM sadgRhastha kA mana jItane meM sakSama hai to unhoMne apane sampUrNa kArobAra ke sAtha-sAtha sirohI nagara ke vyApAriyoM se sambandhita kArya kA bhAra bhI lokacandra ke kandhoM para rakha diyaa| lokacandra ko
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________________ 830 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 aba to ekAkI hI aneka bAra sirohI jAnA par3atA thaa| yoM to aneka prakAra ke vyavasAyoM ke rahasyoM ko samajhane kI aora lokacandra kI ruci thI, kintu motiyoM ke vyavasAya se usakA vizeSa lagAva ho gayA thA, use jaba bhI sirohI jAnA par3atA vaha johAriyoM kI per3hI para kucha samaya ke liye avazyameva baiThatA aura acche-bure motiyoM kI parakha kisa prakAra kI jAtI hai, isa kalA ko sIkhane kA prayAsa krtaa| zanaiH zanaiH vaha motiyoM kA acchA pArakhI bana gyaa| eka dina jisa samaya lokacandra eka jauharI kI dukAna para baiThA huA motiyoM kI parIkSA kara rahA thA, usa samaya sirohI nivAsI grosavAla jAti ke prodhavajI nAmaka zreSThi ne motiyoM kI parIkSA meM nirata-nimagna priyadarzI lokacandra ko dekhaa| yuvaka lokacandra usa zreSThi ke mana ko bhA gyaa| jaba bahumUlya motiyoM ko eka ora tathA alpa mUlya ke motiyoM ko dUsarI ora chAMTate hue lokacandra ko odhavajI ne dekhA to unhoMne mana hI mana koI saMkalpa kiyaa| lokacandra ke cale jAne para prodhavajI ne jauharI se usa yuvaka kA nAma, gAMva, jAti, pitA, unake vyavasAya prAdi ke sambandha meM puuchaa| jauharI ne yathepsita jAnakArI pradAna karane ke pazcAt kahA-"lar3akA bar3A hI honahAra hai|' jauharI se lokacandra ke sambandha meM pUrI jAnakArI prApta kara lene ke pazcAt aodhavajI ne apanI dharmapatnI ko kahA ki usane apanI putrI sudarzanA ke lie eka atIva sundara aura suyogya vara dekhA hai / lokacandra ke viSaya meM pUrA vivaraNa sunakara zreSThipatnI bhI bar3I prasanna huii| dUsare hI dina arahaTavAr3A jAkara bAta pakkI kara lene kA zreSTha dampati ne nizcaya kiyaa| aodhavajI dUsare hI dina isa dRr3ha vizvAsa ke sAtha ki manacintita kArya siddha ho jAyegA-zrIphala aura rupayA lekara arahaTavAr3A hemA bhAI ke ghara phuNce| donoM paraspara eka dUsare ke uttama kulazIla svabhAva Adi se pUrva paricita the| ataH prodhava jI kA prastAva lokacandra ke mAtA-pitA ne binA kisI prakAra kI nanu-naca ke svIkAra kara liyaa| prodhavajI ne lokacandra ke bhAla para kuMkuma cAvala kA tilaka lagA, use zrIphala ke sAtha rupayA bheMTa svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| donoM samadhI isa sambandha ke sampanna ho jAne se parama prasanna the| vi0 saM0 1487 ke mAgha mAsa meM lokacandra kA sudarzanA ke sAtha vivAha sampanna huyA / sarvaguNa sampannA sudarzanA ke sAtha dAmpatya sukha kA ve upabhoga karane lge| unake svAdhyAya kA krama bhI anavarata rUpa se calatA rahA / dhArmika kAryoM meM bhI ve bar3e utsAha ke sAtha bhAga lete| dhArmika granthoM ke svAdhyAya evaM niyamita dhyAna-sAdhanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa saMsAra kI asAratA evaM kSaNabhaMguratA kA bodha ho jAne ke kAraNa unake anta:karaNa meM virakti kA bIja unakI yuvAvasthA meM hI aMkurita ho cukA thA kintu apane kartavya ke nirvahana hetu nyAya-nIti pUrvaka vyavasAya evaM paramAvazyaka sAMsArika kAryoM kA bar3I
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] sAvadhAnI ke sAtha samaya-samaya para niSpAdana karate rhe| lagabhaga 18 varSa kI vaya meM unheM putra-ratna kI prApti huii| dAdA-dAdI ke harSa kA pArAvAra na rahA / unhoMne apane pautra kA nAma pUrNacandra rkhaa| jisa samaya lokacandra tevIsa varSa kI vaya ke hue usa samaya unakI mAtA gaMgAbAI ne aura usake eka varSa pazcAt hI unake pitA hemAbhAI ne paraloka gamana kiyaa| lokAzAha kA mukhya vyavasAya kRSakoM ke sAtha lena-dena karane kA thaa| kAla duSkAla ke kAraNa jaba kRSakoM ko phasaleM naSTa ho jAtI, to usa dazA meM kRSakoM se apanA paisA vasUla karate samaya unheM Antarika kaSTa hotA thaa| kRSakoM ko dI huI rakama samaya para vasUla karane meM bhI dayArdra prakRti ke lokacandra ko aneka prakAra kI kaThinAiyAM hotI thIM / isa kAraNa bhI bahuta samaya se lokacandra kRSakoM ke sAtha lenadena kA dhaMdhA sameTa kara kisI bar3e nagara meM javAharAta kA vyavasAya karane ke icchuka the| una dinoM sirohI rAjya aura pAbU parvata ke samIpastha candrAvatI rAjya ke bIca sambandha bigar3a cuke the| Aye dina zatroM ke AkramaNa aura arAjakatA jaisI sthiti ke pariNAmasvarUpa lUTa-khasoTa, mAra-dhAr3a kA Dara prajAjanoM ko banA hI rahatA thA / isa prakAra ke arAjakatApUrNa azAnta vAtAvaraNa ko apanI prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA evaM mAnasika zAnti ke lie bhI bAdhaka samajha kara ve usa azAnta vAtAvaraNa se nikalane ke lie apanA paitrika gAMva chor3a kisI bar3e nagara meM vyavasAya karane ke icchuka the| apane mAtA-pitA ke dehAvasAna ke kucha samaya pazcAt yuvaka lokacandra ne kRSakoM ke sAtha lena-dena ke apane vyavasAya ko sameTanA prArambha kara diyA aura kisAnoM se jo kucha milA lekara ve apanI patnI aura putra ke sAtha apanI prAyu ke paccIsaveM varSa (vi0 saM0 1467) meM ahamadAbAda aaye| suvidhA sampanna eka gRha lekara usameM unhoMne nivAsa kiyA aura ve vahAM javAharAta kA vyavasAya karane lge| lokAzAha dvArA ahamadAbAda meM javAharAta kA vyavasAya prArambha kiye jAne ke thor3e hI samaya pazcAt vi0 saM0 1467 meM mohammadazAha ahamadAbAda (gujarAta) rAjya ke rAjya siMhAsana para baiThA aura usane javAharAta kharIdane kA nizcaya kiyaa| sabhI jauhariyoM ko rAja darabAra meM bulAyA gayA / ataH anyAnya bar3e-bar3e jauhariyoM ke sAtha lokAzAha bhI mohammada zAha ke darabAra meM phuNce| sabhI ratna-vyavasAyiyoM ne apane-apane bahumUlya ratna mohammada zAha ke samakSa unakI vizeSatA batAte hue rakhe / sUrata ke jauharI dvArA dikhAye gaye pAnIdAra motiyoM meM do bar3e-bar3e motI use bahuta acche lge| pUchane para sUrata ke jauharI ne una jAmuna tulya bar3e-bar3e motiyoM kA mUlya 1,72,000 ru0 btaayaa| mohammadazAha ne vahAM upasthita jauhariyoM ko una donoM motiyoM kI parIkSA aura unakA mUlya nirdhArita
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________________ 832 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga karane kA nirdeza diyaa| ahamadAbAda ke sabhI bar3e-bar3e jauhariyoM ne una donoM motiyoM kI parIkSA karane ke pazcAta mohammadazAha ke samakSa apanA abhimata vyakta karate hue kahA--"ye donoM motI bar3e zreSTha haiM, inakA jo mUlya batAyA gayA hai, vaha bhI ucita hI hai|" ___"ina saba jauhariyoM kI AMkhoM para pardA kaise par3a gayA hai", isa vicAra se lokAzAha ke mukha maNDala para vyaMga bharI haMsI haThAt ubhara aayii| mohammadazAha ne usa yuvA vaya ke jauharI kI mukhamudrA se tAr3a liyA ki dAla meM kucha kAlA hai| usane donoM motI lokAzAha kI hathelI para rakha kara unakI acchI taraha parIkSA karane kA Adeza diyaa| lokAzAha ne eka motI ko navAba ke hAtha para rakhate hue kahAyaha motI to vastuta: zreSTha aura bahumUlya hai kintu isa dUsare motI meM eka bahuta bar3I aiba hai, khoTa hai, isameM matsya kA cinha hai ata: yaha kisI kAma kA nhiiN| tatkAla sUkSmadarzaka yantra se mohammadazAha ne motI ko dekhA aura yaha dekhakara uske| Azcarya kA pArAvAra na rahA ki usa motI meM vastutaH matsya kA cinha hai| upasthita bar3e-bar3e jauhariyoM ko bhI pAradarzaka athavA sUkSma darzaka yantra se usa motI ko dekhane parakhane kA bAdazAha ne nirdeza diyaa| saba ne usa motI meM matsya ke cihna ko dekhate hue usa 'kala ke jauharI' lokAzAha ke "ratna parIkSaNa kauzala" kI mukta kaNTha se bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| lokAzAha tatkAla mohammadazAha ke citta car3ha gye| lokAzAha ke parAmarza se Avazyaka javAharAta kA kraya kara lene ke pazcAt mohammadazAha ne anya saba jauhariyoM ko vidA kiyA aura lokAzAha se unakA pUrA paricaya prApta kara unheM pATaNa ke rAjasva adhikArI (khajAMcI, TrejarAra athavA tijorIdAra) ke pada para niyukta kara diyaa| lokAzAha apanI patnI va putra ke sAtha pATaNa cale gye| vahAM apane pada ke kartavyoM kA nyAya-nItipUrvaka nirvahana karane lge| vahAM bhI unakA svAdhyAya sAmAyika Adi kA dhArmika kAryakrama pUrvavat calatA rhaa| mohammadazAha pATaNa ke apane nava niyukta rAjasva adhikArI ke nyAya aura naitikatApUrNa kAryakauzala se bar3A prabhAvita huA aura kucha hI samaya pazcAt lokAzAha ko pATaNa se bulAkara apane pAsa rakha liyA / bAdazAha ke prItipAtra bana jAne ke uparAnta bhI abhimAna kA leza mAtra bhI unake pAsa taka nahIM phaTaka paayaa| pIr3itoM ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane kI, unako nyAya dilAne kI unakI paropakAra parAyaNatApUrNa vRtti uttarottara vRddhigata hone ke sAtha nikharatI hI gaI / sAmAyika, svAdhyAya evaM prAtmacintana kA unakA dainika dhArmika kAryakrama bhI niyamita rUpa se calatA rhaa|
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 833 isa prakAra lagabhaga 10 varSa taka loMkAzAha gujarAta ke bAdazAha mohammadazAha kI sevA meM rahe / "gujarAta no saMkSipta itihAsa" nAmaka apanI kRti meM zrI ra. ma. nIlakaNTha ke ullekhAnusAra-vi. saM. 1507 ke pAsa-pAsa ke kisI samaya meM gurjareza mohammadazAha ne cApAnera ke rAvala gaMgAdAsa para AkramaNa kara pAMvAgar3ha ke cAroM ora gherA DAlA / yaha samAcAra sunate hI mAlave ke sulatAna ne eka zaktizAlI senA le gaMgAdAsa kI sahAyatArtha pAvAgar3ha kI ora kUca kiyaa| apanI vizAla vAhinI ke sAtha mAlave ke sulatAna ke Agamana kI bAta sunakara mohammadazAha bhayabhIta hokara pAvAgar3ha kA gherA uThA apanI senA ke sAtha ahamadAbAda kI prora bhAga khar3A haa| mohammadazAha ke isa kAyaratA pUrNa palAyana se rUSTa ho usake. hI amIroM ne viSa dekara use mAra DAlA aura usake putra kutubazAha ko ahamadAbAda ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna kiyaa| isa prakAra kI SaDyantrapUrNa rAjanIti se lokAzAha kA antarmana bar3A khinna aura kSubdha huaa| unake antaHkaraNa meM pUrva se hI aMkurita virakti ke aMkura ne isa prakAra ke kheda evaM kSobha kI USmA pA tatkAla vaTa vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| AtmakalyANa ke aTala saMkalpa ke sAtha unhoMne zAhI-sevA se tyAga patra de diyaa| ahamadAbAda ke sadyaH siMhAsanAsIna zAha ke prAgrahapUrNa anurodha aura usake dvArA diye gaye vetanavRddhi, padavRddhi Adi pralobhanoM ke uparAnta bhI zAhI sevA se nivRtta ho lokAzAha apanI dharmapatnI evaM apane putra ke sAtha pATaNa pahuMce aura eka acchA sA gRha lekara vahAM rahane lge| unakA antarmana, roma-roma, kabhI na utarane vAle vairAgya ke pragAr3ha raMga meM raMjita ho cukA thaa| apanI ardhAMginI aura putra pUnama canda kI yena-kena-prakAreNa anujJA prApta kara loMkAzAha ne usa samaya pATaNa meM virAjita sumati vijaya jI ke pAsa vi. saM. 1509 meM yati-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| guru ne unakA nAma lakSmI vijaya rkhaa| apane guru se unhoMne prAgamoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| AgamoM ke adhyayana se jaba unheM dharma ke Agama pratipAdita vAstavika evaM vizuddha mUla svarUpa kA bodha huA to unhoMne sumati vijayajI kA sAtha chor3akara logoM ke samakSa AgamoM para vyAkhyAna dete hue dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa para prakAza DAlanA prArambha kiyaa| isa prakAra lokAzAha ne ahamadAbAda pATaNa Adi bar3e-bar3e tathA aneka choTe bar3e nagaroM aura grAmoM meM ghUma ghUma kara sarvajJa sarvadarzI zramaraNa bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita vizuddha Agamika dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| janamata loMkAzAha ke upadezoM se jAgRta huA aura unake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA uttarottara bar3hatI hI calI gaI / aneka yati bhI unake anuyAyI banakara unake sAtha rahane lage / aneka varSoM taka lakSmI vijayajI (lokAzAha) vizuddha dharma kA pracAra karate rhe| vi. saM. 1510-31 ke pAsa-pAsa eka samaya parahaTavAr3A, pATaNa, sUrata mAdi cAra nagaroM ke saMgha jo tIrthayAtrA ke lie nikale the, saMyogavazAt ahamadAbAda
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________________ 834 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa--bhAga 4 meM ekatrita hue / varSA hone va mArga meM lIlana-phUlana ke utpanna ho jAne ke kAraNa ve cAroM saMgha ahamadAbAda meM ruka gaye / cAroM saMghoM ke saMghapatiyoM aura logoM ko jaba jJAta huA ki loMkAzAha apane Agamika vyAkhyAnoM meM jaina dharma ke sacce svarUpa para prakAza DAlate haiM to ve sabhI saMghapati apane-apane saMghoM ke logoM ke sAtha lokAzAha kA vyAkhyAna sunane ke lie gye| lokAzAha ke vyAkhyAna ko sunakara pahale hI dina una logoM ke antarcakSu unmIlita hone lge| unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki kahAM to eka ora AgamoM meM varNita jaina dharma kA vizuddha AdhyAtmika svarUpa evaM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kI parAkASThA ke Atmavizuddha kAraka uccatama AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se ota-prota zUravIroM dvArA AcaraNIya, talavAroM kI tIkSNa dhAra para calane ke samAna ati duzcara, ati duSkara, nitAnta niraticAra, nitAnta nirdoSa, ekamAtra mokSa prApti kI utkaTa spRhA se pAlanIya zramaNa dharma kA svarUpa aura kahAM dUsarI ora ghora zithilAcAra meM Anakhazikha nimagna parigrahagrasta ekamAtra dhana ke lolupa sAdhu nAmadhArI yatiyoM dvArA prAcarita evaM pradarzita prarUpita bAhyADambarapUrNa, vikAroM se bharA dharma kA nitAnta vikRta svarUpa / una sabake antarmana lokAzAha ko sunakara pahale dina hI isa prakAra Andolita ho utthe| ve sabhI nitya niyamita rUpa se loMkAzAha ke upadezoM ko, prAgamika pravacanoM ko sunane ke lie jAne lge| sarvajJa prabhu dvArA prarUpita-pradarzita dharma ke vizuddha prAgamika svarUpa ke prati lokAzAha ke upadezoM se unakI AsthAzraddhA uttarottara bar3hatI hI gaI / ve loga lokAzAha ke ananya parama bhakta bana gye|" AzA hai vidvAna zodhArthI isa sambandha meM gahana zodha kara kAla sambandhI vAstavika prAMkar3e prastuta karane kA prayAsa kreNge| eka pAtaritA (potiyA bandha) paTTAvalI meM loMkAzAha ke pArivArika jIvana kA paricaya marudharA ke kharaMTiyA nAmaka nagara ke jodhAvaMzIya jAgIradAra durjanasiMha ke bosA bhosavAla mehatA kAmadAra ke do putra the| bar3e kA nAma thA mehatA jIvarAja aura choTe kA mehatA lkhmsii| ve donoM bhAI vipula sampatti ke svAmI, kharatara gaccha ke anuyAyI aura jIvAjIvAdi tatvoM ke jAnakAra the| kisI kAraNavaza marudharAdhIza rAva jodhA jI ke putra ratanasiMha kA putra durjanasiMha una donoM bhAiyoM se ruSTa ho gayA aura usane unakI sampUrNa sampatti apane adhikAra meM kara lii| ve donoM bhAI vyApArArtha ghUmate-ghUmate pATaNa nagara meM phuNce| vahA~ pUnamiyAM gaccha ke prAcArya prAnanda vimalasUri ke ziSya khemacandra ko dazavaikAlika sUtra likhate hue una donoM bhAiyoM ne upAzraya meM dekhaa| lakhamasI ne khemasI se sUtra aura patra lekara patroM meM "dhammomaMgalamukkiTTha" prabhRti katipaya gAthAeM likhiiN| muni khemasI usa navAgantuka
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________________ sAmAnya zrutadhara kAla khaNDa 2 ] [ 835 ke adaSTapUrva sundara akSaroM ko dekha kara harSa-vibhora ho utthaa| usane tatkAla apane guru aAnanda vimalasUri ke sammukha upasthita ho unheM mehatA lakhamasI dvArA likhita patra batAyA / sundara akSaroM ko dekha AzcaryAbhibhUta prAcArya prAnandavimalasUri ne apane ziSya se pUchA- "yaha kisane likhA hai ?" muni khemacandra ne donoM bhAiyoM ko prAcArya zrI ke samakSa upasthita kara lakhamasI kI ora saMketa karate hue kahA-"bhagavan, isa lakhamasI ne likhA hai|" usa samaya vikrama saM0 1531 ke zubhArambha ke sAtha hI bhasmagraha utara cukA thaa| prAcArya zrI ne jIvarAja aura mehatA lakhamasI ko sUtroM ke likhane kA kAryabhAra sauNpaa| lakhamasI ne sUtroM kA lekhana prArambha kiyA to unheM jJAta huA ki jina prarUpita jaina dharma kA vAstavika svarUpa to pAgamoM meM isa prakAra kA niraticAra aura zuddha batAyA gayA hai| isake viparIta vartamAna kAla meM ahiMsApradhAna jaina dharma ke anuyAyI aneka prakAra kI ADambara pUrNa hiMsApradhAna pravRttiyoM meM hI dharma mAna baiThe haiN| prAgamoM kI isa amUlya nidhi ko saMcita karane ke lakSya se mehatA lakhamasI ne vahAM ke nagara zreSTha rUpasI se samparka sthApita kara AgamoM ke lekhana kArya ke lie Arthika sahAyatA prApta kI aura 32 prAgamoM ko likhA evaM likhvaayaa| tadanantara lakhamasI aura rUpasI ne Ananda vimala sUri ke pAsa prAgamoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| AgamoM meM niSNAta ho jAne para lakhamasI ne pATaNa ke tripoliyA para upadeza dekara logoM ko dharma kA vizuddha svarUpa batAnA prArambha kiyaa| lokAzAha ke upadezoM se prabuddha ho rUpasI, zAha bhAmA, zAha bhAramala Adi 45 viraktAtmAoM ne vi0 saM0 1531 kI vaisAkha zuklA ekAdazI guruvAra ke dina zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura loMkAgaccha kI sthApanA kI / rUpasI ko lokAgaccha kA prathama paTTadhara tathA bhAramala aura bhujarAja (bhojarAja athavA bhAmA jI) ko sthavira padavI pradAna kI gii| tadanantara loMkAgaccha uttarottara bar3hatA hI gyaa|" eka pAtariyA gaccha paTTAvalI ke racanAkAra (muni rAyacandra vi0 saM0 1726) para to pUrNataH bhaSmagraha kA bhUta savAra rahA pratIta hotA hai / isa paTTAvalI se vicAra karane yogya kevala eka hI naI bAta prakAza meM AtI hai ki loMkAzAha mAravAr3a ke nivAsI the / kharaMTiyA athavA virAMTiyA unakA gAMva thaa| unakI jAti bIsA osavAla thii| mAravAr3a meM ThikAne ke kAmadAroM ko mehatA kI saMjJA se abhihita kiye jAne kI paripATI thI, isa kAraNa sunizcita rUpa se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki lakhamasI kI jAti bhI mehatA thii|
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________________ 836 ] . [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-4 vi0 saM0 1515 meM jodhapura nagara kA nirmANa karane vAle marudharAdhIza rAva jodhA ke vi0 saM0 1531 se pahale hI durjana siMha nAma kA pautra thA aura vaha kharaMTiyA jAgIra kA ThAkura thA, paTTAvalI ke isa ullekha meM tathya hai ki nahIM, yaha prazna bhI zaMkAspada hai| isa paTTAvalI meM zodhArthiyoM ke liye zodha ko kevala itanI sI sAmagrI vicAraNIya hai ki kyA loMkAzAha mUlataH mAravAr3a ke nivAsI the? kyA unake pitA-pitAmaha Adi pUrvaja kAmadAra pada para rahakara prazAsanika kArya karate cale A rahe the aura loMkAzAha kI dhamaniyoM meM pIr3hI-prapIr3hiyoM se prazAsana karate A rahe prazAsakoM kA khUna pravAhita ho rahA thA jisake bala para ve eka ati svalpa samaya meM ho dharma ke Agama pratipAdita vizuddha svarUpa kA deza ke isa chora se usa chora taka pracAra prasAra karane meM sakSama hue| basa isase adhika aura koI anya tathya isa paTTAvalI meM ullikhita lokAzAha viSayaka paricaya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa|
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________________ vi0 saM0 1357 se vi0 saM0 1382 taka kI avadhi kI rAjanaitika sthiti dillI meM khilajIvaMza ke rAjyakAla meM allAuddIna khilajI ne rAjapUtAne ke rAjyoM para adhikAra karane ke nizcaya ke sAtha sarvaprathama vi0 saM0 1357 meM raNathaMbhaura para AkramaNa kiyaa| raNathaMbhaura ke cauhAna vaMzIya rAjA hamIra ne zatru ko parAsta karane ke saMkalpa ke sAtha bar3I vIratA se yuddha kiyA kintu kar3e saMgharSa ke pazcAt allAuddIna khilajI ne raNathaMbhaura ke kile para adhikAra kara liyA aura isa prakAra vi0 saM0 1250 ke pAsa-pAsa pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke putra govinda rAja dvArA saMsthApita raNathaMbhaura kA cauhAna rAjya samApta ho gyaa| raNathambhaura para adhikAra karane ke tIna varSa pazcAt vi0 saM0 1360 meM allAuddIna khilajI ne apanI sazakta evaM vizAla senA le cittaur3a para AkramaNa kiyaa| mevAr3a ke rAvala ratana siMha ne adbhuta sAhasa evaM zaurya prakaTa karate hue lagabhaga 6 mAsa taka khilajI kI senAoM se lohA liyaa| antatogatvA mevAr3a ke rAvala ratana siMha ne apane putroM, pautroM, pArivArika janoM, saradAroM evaM rAjapUta yoddhAoM ke sAtha kesariyA bAnA pahana kara cittaur3a ke kile ke dvAra khola apane prANoM ko hathelI para rakha zatru senA para bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyaa| antima zvAsa taka zatru senA kA saMhAra karate hue rAvala ratana siMha apane putroM, pautroM evaM yoddhAoM ke sAtha apanI mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA hita vIragati ko prApta hue / rAvala ratana siMha kI mahArANI padminI ne jaba yaha dekhA ki usake pati apane zUramA yoddhAmoM ke sAtha zatru senA para pralaya r3hahAte hue vIra-gati ko prApta hue haiM, to mevAr3a kI. mahArAnI padminI ne bhI sahasroM rAjapUta ramaNiyoM ke sAtha jauhara kI jvAlAmoM meM praveza kara rAjapUtI Ana-bAna-zAna evaM satItva kI rakSA kii| allAuddIna khilajI ne sAkSAt zmazAna bane cittaur3a ke durga para adhikAra kara apane putra khijara khAM ko cittaur3a kA zAsaka niyukta kiyaa| cittaur3a para adhikAra kara lene ke pazcAt allAuddIna khilajI ne vi0 saM0 1365 meM sivANA para AkramaNa kiyaa| sivAraNA ke rAjA zItala deva cauhAna ne apane durga kI rakSA karate hue raNAMgaNa meM vIra gati prApta kii| isa prakAra allAuddIna khilajI ne sivANA ke kile para bhI adhikAra kara liyaa| tadanantara allAuddIna khilajI ne vi0 saM0 1368 meM jAlaura para AkramaNa kiyaa| jAlaura ke rAjA kAnhar3adeva aura rAjakumAra vIramadeva ne zatru senA se bar3e zaurya evaM sAhasa ke sAtha lohA liyaa| zatruoM kA saMhAra karate hue pitA aura putra
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________________ 838 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-4 donoM yuddhabhUmi meM vIra gati ko prApta hue aura alAuddIna khilajI ne jAlaura para adhikAra kara liyaa| isa prakAra raNathambhaura, sivANA aura jAlaura ke cauhAna rAjyoM kI samApti ho gii| mahArANA hamIra ne vi0 saM0 1382 ke Asa-pAsa musalamAnoM ko parAsta . kara cittaur3a para adhikAra kiyaa| ___isase prAge kA bhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa rAjya-viplavoM, musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM, bhAratIya rAjAoM ke rAjyoM ke patana, navIna hindU rAjyoM ke abhyudaya, utthAna, patana, talavAra ke bala para balAt dharma-parivartana, lUTa, khasoTa sAmUhika narasaMhAra mAdi bhoSaNa ghaTanAcakra ke itane adhika ghaTanAkramoM se saMkula hai ki yadi eka-eka ghaTanA para pAMca-pAMca paMktiyAM bhI likhI jAeM to eka svatantra pustaka taiyAra ho jAya / prastuta grantha kA kalevara paryApta rUpeNa bar3A ho cukA hai| use aba bar3A . karanA samucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| ata: isa grantha kA pAlekhana yahIM samApta karate hue pAThakoM se sAdara nivedana kiyA jA rahA hai ki isase Age kA vi0 saM0 1550 taka kA rAjanaitika itihAsa bhAratIya itihAsa ke granthoM se par3hane kI kRpA kreN| ityalam / sujJeSu kiM bahunA /
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________________ jainadharma maulika itihAsa (caturtha bhAga) sAmAnya zrutadhara khaNDa (2) pariziSTa 1. zabdAnukramaNikA 2. sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI
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________________
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________________ 1. zabdAnukramaNikA (ka) tIrthakara, prAcArya, rAjA, zrAvaka prAdi 700, 701, 728, 728, 731, 732, 734, 757, 756, 760, 772, 773,778, 782, 713 AcArya aAmradeva-127 prAryarakSita sUri-513, 581 AhlAdana mahArAjA-262, 263 indradinna sUri-501, 2 indradeva sUri-128 udaya prabha sUri-302, 515, 550 u akalaMka devasUri-468 akabara-487, 466, 587 agaracanda nAhaTA-172 . . agnidatta-548 ajayadeva-443, 444, 450 ajitadeva AcArya-126, 127, 308, 310, 310 ajitasiMha sUri-541, 542, 550 arjerAja mahArAja-268 abulaphataha dAUdarAjA-166 abhayadeva sUri-65, 108, 114 se 116, 116 se 122, 136, 146, 148 se 161 taka; 194, 166, 236 se 242, 251, 253, 255 se 257, 256, 265, 275, 315 se 317, 316 se 321, 456, 456, 484, 464, 468, 502, 546, 563, 564, 565 abhayasiMha sUri-566, 567, 568' amarasAgara sUri-551, amarasiMha sUri-566, 568, amolaka RSi jI-720 allAuddIna khilajI-815, udaya varddhana-508 udayasAgara sUri-551 udAyana mahArAja-44 udyotana sUri-66 se 18, 101, se 116, 122, 124, se 126, 141, 142, 253, 461, 404, 486, 460, 502, 575, 536, 550, 566, 601, 602 udyota vijaya-588 ubhayaprabha sUri-124 UmaNa RSi-83 se 55 elAcArya-24 RSi bhAmA-788 . . . prAMgadasUra-531, prAnandapAla 166, 200, 205, mAnandavimala sUri-116, 581582, 584, 585, 586, 631 se 633, 696, . karka-karkarAjA-18
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________________ 842 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 guNa sAgara sUri-550 gupta sUri-505 govinda sUri-30, 540 govinda rAja-815 kakkasUri-506, 508, 506 kaDuaAzAha-787, 788, 763, 764 karNa mahArAjA-376, 381, 382 kanakA cArya-565 kalaza prabhAcArya-83 kalyANa sAgarasUri-551 kRSNajI svAmI-751 kAMti vijaya-703, 751 kAlidAsa-223 kIrtisAgara sUri-551 kutubuddIna aibaka-453, 466 kunda kunda-21 se 28, 114 kumAra gaNi-556 kumArapAla rAjA-366, 371, 372, 372, 364 se 442, 444, 446, 525, 526, 527, 531, 552, 554, 556 kumuda candrAcArya-287, 264, 265, 266, 298 se 306, 363, 540 kula candra rAjA-200 kuvalayaprabha prAcArya-796, 800 801, ... 806, 806, 805 . . kezavajI-702 kezI prAcArya-506 caca rAjA-68 candradeva sUri-127 candraprabha sUri-128, 183, 184, 308, 322, 323, 325, 328, 326, 330, 375, 501, 534, 535, 808, 810 cAMpA zrAvikA-586 cAciga zrAvaka 332, 338 cAlukya rAja karNa 175, 326, 332, 336 cAlukya rAjabukkarAya-31, 55, 216 cAlukya rAja vikramAditya-78, 76, 113 colArAja mahendra varmana-52 khemajI-726 khUba canda sUri-719 jagaccacandra sUri-573, 574, 581, 84 . jagaDUzAha-562, 563 jagamAlaRSi-707 jamvu svAmI-500 jaya kIrtI sUri-551 jaya kezI-380, 381 jaya kezideva-264 jaya kezarIsUri-551 jayacandra rAjA-453 jaya devAcArya-270, 271, 501 jayananda sUri-118, 501 jayapAla rAjA-86, 168, 166 jayavallabha gaNi-466 jayasiMhAcArya-193, 128, 272, 315, 322, 324, 428, 426, 486, 507, 513, 515, 516, 521, 522, 524, 525, 530, 533, 534, 543, 550, 552, 553 gajasenAcArya-560, 591 . gaje-123 gaNDarAditya-32 gaNadiva zrAvaka-247 guNa candragaNi-120 se 122, 270, 375 guNa candrasUri-456 guNa nidhAna sUri-551 guNa ratna sUri-106, 814
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________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 843 jayasiMha rAjA-287, 261 se 263, 301, se 303, 308, 306, 316, 335, 336, 346, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 357, 356, 360, se 371, 378 se 363, 396, 368, 400, 402, 430, 438, 481, 488, 520, 521 jina kuzala sUri-468, 502 . jina candra muni-21, 27, 141 / jina candra sUri-25, 26, 67, 103, 105, 107, 111, 121, 127, 126, 134, 135, 136, 146, 255, 272, 273, 277, 456, 456, 460, 483, 466, 467, 468, 466, 502 se 504, 564, 565, 566, 567, 601 jinadatta sUri-146, 261, 266, 267, se 286, 363, 458, 456, 473, 477 se 484, 488, 496, .502 jinadevagariNa-127 jinapati sUri-67, 172, 464, 483, 485, 468 jinapada sUri-502 jinapAlopAdhyAya - 172, 464, 467, 471, 473, 502 jina prabodha sUri-486, 488 jinaprabha sUri-270, 281, 325, 326, 327, 487, 488, 608, 811, 812, 814 jinabhadra sUri-503 jinabhakti sUri-508 jina ballabha mUri-95, 163, 183, 237, 238, 236, 240 se 261.265, se 267, 271, 275, 277, 281, 282, 363, 456, 477. 478, 481, 482 se 484, 468, 502, 546, 630 jinamahendra sUri-132, 474, 475, 476, 500, 504 jina mANikya sUri-503 jina rakSita sari-270 jina ratna sUri-503 jina rAja sUri-503 jina labdhi sUri 502 jina lAbha sUri-504 jina varddhana sUri-488, 503 jina zekhara-236, 267, 270, 477, 478, 488 jina samudra sUri-503 jina sAgara sUri-489, 503 jina siMha sUri-486, 503 jinasukha sUri-503 jinahaMsa sUri-503 jina harSa sUri-504 jinendra sAgara sUri-551 jinezvara sUri-100, 102, 111, 113, 115, 117, 116, 121, 130, 133 se 146, 163, 165, 177, 178, 186, 187, 190, 193, 237, 238 se 242, 252, 254, 256, 260, 265, 275, 281, 455, 456, 458, 456, 463, se 474, 477, 485 se 461, 468, 496, 501, 502, 534, 536, 540, 580, 581, 766 jinodaya sUri-502 jIvadevAcArya-272 jIvarAja jI-586 jIvAnanda-270 272 jeThamalajI-706 jetrasiha-573, 574
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________________ 844 7 tAraNasvAmI - 706 tilakAcArya - 281 tilaka sUri-810 tugalaka mohammadazAha - 487 tulyana gaNyAcArya - 180 sii dantidurga rAjA - 86 dAhira rAjA - 166, 205 dina sUri-501 durjanasiMha - 728 durlabha sena rAjA - 102, 136, 177, 178, 183, 156, 160, 456, 456, 461, 463, 467, 468, 471, 472, 474, 462, 465, 536 devagupta sUri- 506, 507, 508 devapAla zrAvaka - 271 devabodha muni - 356 se 365 deva vimala gariNa- 110 devasUri - 117, 118, 126, 128, 141, deva RSi - 236, 251, 265, 266, 285, 260, 261 se 306, 306, 310, 326, 333 se 335, 337, 338, 346, 347, 346, 377, 378 devAcArya - 273, 274, 275, 362, 423 se 426, 460, 478, 462, 501, 531, 556, 560 se 562 devAnanda sUri- 501 devIsiMha Thakkara - 467 devendra sUri- 313, 551, 574 droNa prAcArya - 116, 158, 156, 164, 165, 167, 176 se 182, 185 se 167, 256, 540, 544 ghanadevazrAvaka - 267 [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 dharmaghoSa prAcArya - 92, 128, 375, 376, 543, 550, 561, 562 dharmacanda sUri- 75, 550 dharmadAsajI - 761 " dharmaprabha sUri- 551 dharna mUrti sUri- 551 dharmazekhara- 327 dharma sAgara gaNi- 104, 106, 251, 252, 254, 255, 306 prA0 dharmasAgara - 282, 284, 286, 488, 526, 530, 585, 712 dharmasiMhajI - 761, 762, 763, 788 na naracandrasUri - 515, 550 naravarmA rAjA -- 246, 250 narasiMha sUri- 501, 526, 530 narendranRpa turaMga - 88 nAgAvaloka rAjA - 76, 86 nAgendracandrajI - 708, 716 nAnagajI svAmI - 620 nAyaka vijaya - 751 nimbadeva - 32 nemicandra sUri- 105, 106, 118, 116, 126, 127, 141, 306, 328, 501 nemicandra - 117, 118 paMcAyaraNajI - 708 padmadeva sUri - 124, 515, 550 padmazekhara- 327 pallavarAja- 54 pRthvIrAja cauhAna - 452, 453, 815 pANDyarAja suMddharapADya - 22e pANDyarAja kun pANDya - 52 pAdalipti sUri- 178, 325, 326, 544,
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________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] [ 845 . 545, 546, 808, 810, 811, 812 pArzvacanda sUri-766, 775, 777, 776, 782, 783, 785, 788 puNya sAgara sUri-551 pUrNacandra droNa-182 bhImadeva rAjA-30, 170, 186, 201, 378, 365, 532 bhUvikrama zrI vallabha sUri vikrama-54 bhojadevarAjA-76 . bhoja rAjA-161, 162, 162 pradyotana mUri-128 pradyumna sUri-118, 116, 127, 333 prabhava svAmI-501 prabhAcandra sUri-114, 115, 148, 150, 156, 160, 161, 166, 172, 186, 161, 332, 465, 467, 471, 472 prabhAnandasUri-515, 550 phAlguna mitra rAjA-86, 87 vahna candragariNa-270 viTTI deva rAjA-214 vibudha prabha sUri-118, 116 bIkA muni-702 buddhi sAgara sUri-115, 116, 121, 135, 136, 1.36, 140, 141, 143 se . 145, 277, 456, 465, 466, 467, 468, 460, 461, maNi ratna sUri-573 maNilAlajI-751 maMtrasena-603 malayagiri-311 se 314 malayaprabha-128 mallikArjuna-406 marudhara kesarI mizrImalajI ma0-723 mahamUda gajanabI-198 se 202, 206, 450, 452 mahAgirI Arya-501 mahAmunicandra-555 mahAmeghavAhana bhikSurAya khakhila-51, 84 mahArAjA vukkarAya-217, 218, 223, 235 mahAvIra-250, 546 mahAsUrasena-570 mahAsena-571 mahendraprabhasUri-551 mahendra varmana-34, 226 mAghanandI prAcArya-32 mANikya muni-265 mANu zrAvaka-236 mAnatuMga sUri-128, 501 mAnadevasUri-118, 116, 127, 501 mAnasiMha-504 mArasiMha-84, 93 municandra-555 municandra sUri-32, 126, 246, 247, , 287, 286, 260, 262, 308 se 310, 315, 324, 328, 326, 546, 600 bhaTTonika rAjA-535 bhadrabAhu sUri-501, 548 bhadrezvara sUri-306 bhAraNajI svAmI-755 bhAnucandra-702 bhrAtRcandra sUrIzvara 763 bhAvasAgara sUri-524, 550 bhAva harSa gariNa-488 bhIdAjI svAmI-755
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________________ [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 mukti sAgara sUri-551 mUlarAja mahArAjA-536 meghajI RSi-588, 772 773 merutuga sUri-303, 306, 332, 335, , 364, 551 mokharArAjA-564, 566 mohammadazAha-808, 806 - rUpa canda jI-704, 705, 706, 707, 708 rUpajI svAmI-621 rUpasI-814, revati mitra-561 yakSa devasUri-506, 507 yazazcandragariNa-410 yazodeva-127, 556, 567 yazoprabha sUri-501 yazobhadra sUri-105, 106, 118, 156, 307, 306, 328, 501, 548, 562, 563 yazovarmana rAjA-34, 35, 385, lakAjI-755 lalitAditya-35 lavajI RSi-761, 762, 773 lakSmI pati-136) lakSmI vijaya-725, 755, 756, 757, / 810 lakSmI sAgara sUri-756, 777 lAlajI svAmI-618 lAvaNya samaya sUri-703 lokAzAha-580 se 582, 611 se 612, 622, 634 se 614 taka raMga vijaya sUri-488 rakSita sUri-184, 521, 522, 526, 530, 533, 534, 535, 540, 542, 543, ratna nandI-706, 746, 750 ratnaprabhasUri-506, 507, 508 ratnazekharasUri-576, 715, 756, 757, 756, 777 ratnasAgara sUri-551 raviprabha sUri-105, 118, 501 rAjavijaya sUri-581, 632, 666, 772 rAjAditya cola-84, 63. rAjAMNada sUri-123 rAjendra sAgara sUri-551 rANA pratApasiMha-587 rAmacandra gariNa-270 rAmacandra sUri-286, 445 rAmAnujAcArya-26, 55, 214 rAmacandra-704 vajrasvAmI-501 vajrasenAcArya-501, 563, 567 varanAja cAvaDA-467, 536, 536 vallAla rAjA-84 varddhamAna sUri-67, 18, 101 se 147 taka 150, 163, 177 se 176, 160, 161, 163, 166. 237, 252 se 256, 264, 265, 273, 277, 281, 320, 325 se 327, 455, * 456, 458 se 465, 470, 476, 483, 485, 466, 461, 465, 466, 486, 501, 512, 534, 535, 536, 536, 540, 544, 546, 580, 581, 601, 602, 626, 634, 766, 811, 812 vAdideva sUri-126, 287, 308, 306, 473 vijjala rAjA-211, 221, 231
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________________ zabdAnukramaNikA 1 [ 847 vikrama sUri-501 zIla gaNasUri-555, 556, 561, 568 vijayacandra sUri-431, 432, 512, 516, zIla guNasUri-460, 462, 530, 536 517, 518, 520, 521, 524, zIla bhadrasUri-62, 375 525, 526, 530, 550, 574, zIla mitra-572, 561 zIlAMka-168 vijayadAna sUri-255, 282, 286, 531, zubhadatta-506 632, 760 zrIcandrasUri-811, 812, 813, 814 vijayaprabha sUri-550 sa vijayasiMha sUri-566, 567, 575, 604 satIcandramuni 713 vijaya RSi-61, 196, 236, 316, satyamitra-615 450, 574 sadAraMgajI-708 vijayAnanda sUri-710 sabhUta vijaya-501 vinayacandra sUri-106, 326, 350 saMmata bhadrasUri-501 vinaya mitra-62, 375 samudraghoSa-327 vidyA sAgara sUri-551 samudrasUri-116, 501, 506 vimalacandra gaNi-270 sarvadevagaNi-263, 264 vimalacandra sUri-106, 110, 113, 118, . sarvadevasUri-106, 110, 118, 123, 116, 501 124, 126, 128, 515, 530, vimalaharSagariNa-106, 110 536, 550, 566, 601 viveka sAgara sUri-551 sAgara candrasUri-763, 764 vivudha candra-316, 501 sarvAnandasUri-563, 567 vizAkhagaNi-610 se 614 sAmanta bhadrasUri-600 vizAlarAja prAcArya 327 siddhasiMha-556, 557, 558 vIracandragariNa-542 siddhasUri-506, 507, 508 vIracandrasUri-515, 550 siddhAnta sAgara sUri-551 vIradevasUri-507 siMha giri-501 vIrapANDaya-231 . siMha tilaka sUri-551 vIrasUri-501 siMha nandI prAcArya-54 siMhaprabha sUri-541, 542, 550 zayambhavasUri-501 sImandara svAmI-22, 23, 105, 516 zahAbuddIna gaurI-202, 452, 453, 506 sundarasUri-104, 106 zAntinAtha-467 sudharmA svAmI-500, 546, 555, 600 zAntisAgarasari-326, 488 sumatigaNi-120, 121 zivadevasUri-123 sumitI vijaya-725, 752, 755, 810 zivarAjajI-606, 606 sultAna suvuktagIna-86, 60 zItaba deva-815 suvinaya candrasUri-515
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________________ 848 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 susthitasUri-501 suhastIsUri-501 sUrasenAcArya-377, 570 sUrAcArya-30, 186, 160, 166, 463, somacandra-263, 264, 265, 266, 346, 347, 346, 350 soma tilakasUri-608 somaprabhasUri-582, 573 somasundarasUri-576, 578, 576, 581, harSasiyAka rAjA-88 hastImalajI ma.sA0-21, 27 hArila sUri-126 hIravijayasUri-106, 282, 286, 483, 487, 531, 586, 587, 588, . 772, 766 hIrAgarajI-708 hemacandra sUri-285, 287, 302, 307, 306, 310, 313, 316, 318, 316, 320, 321, 332, 336, 346, 347, 348, 346, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 357, 356, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367 se 374 taka, 387 se 363 taka, 400, 401,408 se 418 taka, 423 se 435, 436 se 446 taka, 473, 506, 525, 526, 533, 534, 553, 554, 556 hemaratna sUri-568 hemavimala sUri-581, 757, 756, 777, 778 sthUlI bhadra AcArya-160, 501, 615 svayaMprabhasUri-506 sthiracandra-270 zrIcandrasUri-316, 325, 326, 327 . zrIdhara zrAvaka-326 zrIsArajI-486 hamIra rAjA-815, 816 haradatta rAjA-200 haridatta-506 haribhadra sUri-65, 127, 160 harimitra-607, 610 harisiMhAcArya-264. harSavardhana-34. kSa kSitIndramohana sena prAcArya-703 jJAna RSi-616
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________________ (kha) mata, sampradAya vaMza, gotrAdi kha aMcalagaccha-66, 184, 286, 303, 308, 330, 332, 364, 428, 430, 432, 511, 512, 521, 522, 523, 524, 526, 526, 530, 531, 535, 542, 543, 546, . 552, 780, 763, 765, araNagAra gaccha-600, araNyacArI gaccha-112, kharataragaccha-66 se 101, 106, 106, 110, 116, 116, 122, 128, 132, 140, 146, 163, 237, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 271, 272, 278, 281, 308, 322, 455, 456, 474, 476, 476, 483, 485, 487, 465, 468, 466, 500, 512, 531, 532, 546, 554, 584, 608, 630, 700, 730, 780, 743 gaMgavazI-54, 84,63 AMcalika sArddhapoNimIyaka-278, 286, 322, 331, prAgamika gaccha-278, 286, 308, 322, 323, 330, 331 555, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 566, 567, 568, 569, 626 pATha koDhI dariyApurI jaina sampradAya vRkSa 755 u upakeza gaccha-505, 508, uttarAdhi loMkAgaccha-708 mo proSTikagaccha-283, 286, 456 candragaccha-322, 324, 333, 600 cAmuMDika gaccha-456 caityavAsI paramparA-30, 32, 33, 37, 40, 41, 83, 61, 64, 65, 67, 101, 102, 104, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 116, 120, 125, 126, 126, 130, 134, 135, 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 158, 156, 163, 164, 165, 178, 176, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 163, 164, 165, 166, 237, 238, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 258, 256, 267, 270, 271, 273, 275, 315, 320, kakudAcArya gaccha-506 kaDuaAgaccha-781 kaDavAmata-584 kaDuvAmati-278, 286 koTikagaccha-500 koranTa gaccha-506 koranTAtapAgaccha-510
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________________ 850 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 325, 326, 327, 456, 461, 462, 464, 466, 468, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 476, 481, 482, 484, 486, 460, 461, 462, 465, 572, 526, 530, 535, 536, 536, 544, 545, 546, 761, 800, 801, 805, 806, 811, 812, 813 caitravAlagaccha-574, corAsIgaccha-108 colarAjavaMza-84, pUNimAgaccha-183, 184, 322, 323, 324, 326, 325, 527, 528, 530, 531, 558, 565, pUrNimAgaccha chApariyA zAkhA-327 pUrNimAgaccha ghorasiddhIya zAkhA-327 pUrNimAgaccha bhRgu kacchIya zAkhA-327 pUNimAgaccha vaTapaDIya zAkhA-327 poNimIyakagaccha-278, 286, 308, 306, 322, 325, 327, 328, 330, 331, 375, 426, 427, 468, 528, 532, 534, 535, 554, 780, 763 poravAla jAti-703, 750 jinamatigaccha-753. tapAgaccha-106, 251, 252, 276, 280, 282, 322, 483, 486, 508, 512, 531, 546, 573, 574, 576, 581, 582, 585, 586, 588, 606, 700, 701, 703, 751 tapAratna zAkhA-508 baDagaccha-111, 113, 117, 118, 116, 128, 128, 308, 328, 515, 530, 566 balAt dharma-46 biDAlambiyA zAkhA-568 bIjAmati-278, 286, 584 bIsAprAgvATa-703 begaDakharatara gaccha-488 dhaMdhukiyA zAkhA-568 dharmaghoSagaccha-376 bhaTTAraka paramparA-32, 33, 37 bhAva harSIyA zAkhA-488 / bhIma pallIya pUNimA gaccha-327 maDhavAsI-83 madhukarakharatarazAkhA-488 daphtarI gotra-723 dravya paramparA-321 digambara-21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 114, 278, 286, 375, 540 digambara bhaTTAraka-83, 61, 320, 327 divandanIka gaccha-508 pa paramAravaMzI-88 pAtariyA gaccha-704 pAza candragaccha 278, 286 pippaliyA kharataragaccha-488 raMgavijaya zAkhA-488 raghuvaMzI-76 rAjagaccha-62, 114, 332, 375 rAmAnuja sampradAya-31 rASTrakUTIyavaMzIya-78, 76, 84, 88, 86 rudrapallIya kharatarazAkhA-488
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________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ] la lakaDagoDara- 755 laghu AcArya, kharatarazAkhA - 486 laghu kharatara gaNa - 488 laghu poSAlika tapAgaccha 514 loMkA - 278, 286 lokAgaccha-584, 588, 753, 788, 765, 814 vaTagaccha-566 vanavAsI gaccha - 104, 600, 601 vasativAsI paramparA - 176, 160, 165, 166, 477 180, 182, vRddha poSAlika tapAgaccha-574, 575 vRhat kharatara gaNa - 488 vRhadgaccha - 106, 111, 601 sAgaragaccha-486 za zvetAmbara - 24, 25, 225, 287 zvetAmbara bhaTTAraka- 83, 61, 320 [ 851 sa sArddha paurNimIyakagaccha-308, 780, 763 ha harSa purIya gaccha - 315
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________________ (ga) grAma nagara, prAMta sthAnAdi Andhrapradeza-26, 4, 52, 55, 64, 212, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 226, 232 prAvU-631 pArAsananagara-563 AtelAzAkhezvara grAma-124 prAzApallI-170 her indaura-727 sur IrAna-71 ajamera-166. 268, 266, 272, 274 316, 450, 451, 452 araNahilapurapaTTaNa-130, 134, 143, 144, 146, 158, 161, 163. 166, 167, 168, 186, 165, 236, 251, 256, 257, 258, 256, 267, 282, 287, 286, 263, 264, 303, 306, 318, 325, 350, 355, 376, 365, 411, 418, 426, 438, 453, 456, 468, 466, 473, 477, 476, 481, 461, 462, 520, 525, 556, 560, 723, 730, 733, 750 anantapura-228 amarapuram-228 amarAvatI nagara-228 arahaTavADA-723, 752, 755, 757, 805, 806, 807, 810 alegjenDriyA-66 ahamadAbAda-642, 706, 710, 711, 720, 722, 723, 752, 753, 756, 766, 772, 776, 764, 808, 806, 810 prAMtaraulli-562 AgarA-523, 641, 760 AgalI-228 AghATapura-573 ujjaina-166, 272, 407, 460, 458 uttarapradeza-64, 641 udayapura-441 pro prosiyAjI-506 kaDava-228 karNATaka-26, 31, 48, 52, 54, 55, 64, 212, 215, 224, 226, 227, 228, 232, 233, 235, 380 karNAvatI nagarI-264, 378 kannauja-34, 35, 76, 86, 106, 200, 453, 555 kanyAkumArI-223 kanyAmayana-467 karAMda-764 kalacUrI-84, 211, 212, 214, 225, 231 *
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________________ zabdAnukramaNikA cittaur3a-183, 243, 247, 246, 252, 257, 256, 265, 266, 267, 272, 282, 441, 477, 481, 546, 815 cippIgirI-228 cIna-35, 71 chauNaya grAma-527, 528 kaliMgarAja-51, 84 kRSNA -228 kAMcipati-46, 52, 54, 57, 226 kAThiyAvADa-441 kArakala-228, 231 kAlajara-86, 166 kAzmIra-35, 86, 348, 353 kizanagar3ha--757 kUcerA-114, 187, 252, 254 koMkaNa-441, 646 kogalI-228 koTapI-228 koTTazviram-228 koDama ghUrTaka nagara-556 kolhApura-32 kolhAra rAjya-54 jAbAlipura-140 jAlora-116, 283, 285, 466, 704, 706, 707, 708, 815, 816 jaisalamera-711, 714 . jodhapura-564, 570, 738, 757, 814 TelikhaTekagrAma-118 DiyANAnagara-140 TUDhADa-631 khambhAta-764 kharaMTiyAvAsa-704, 728, 730, 813, 814 khillUra grAma-313 khokanda-71 gvAliyara-76, 169 gajanI-86,90 giranArajI-24 gujarAta-30, 78, 64, 101, 124, 143, 144, 257, 262, 287, 308, 418, 461, 535, 536, 574, 587, 641, 706, 754, 760 guhilavADa-564, 564, 566 tamilanADu-45, 46, 47, 48, 46, 50, 51, 54, 55, 57.58, 51, 64, 223, 224, 232, 233 tammadahallI-328 tADapajJI-268 tAmralipti-170 tAsakanda-71 tiruvatUra-47 timirapura-524, 526, 527, 533 tiranArAyaNa grAma-230 turkIstAna-71 tugiyAM nagarI-547 thANezvara-210 cAMpAnera-764 cAlukya-63 citrakUTanagara-243, 251 daMtrANi-513 dAnAvullApAdu-228.
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________________ 854 dillI - 58, 88, 103, 112, 126 166, 210, 451, 453467, 468, 733, 754, 815 dha dhandhukAnagara-332, 645, 646, 812 dhavalaka grAma- 152, 153, 170, 262 263, 264 dhArAnagarI - 88, 136, 144, 140, 246 250, 270 dholakA nagara - 286 dhaulapura - 154 333, 334, 338 nagarakoTa - 210 naDolA - 348 nandaprerura- 228 nAgaura - 250, 466, 467 na paMjAba - 86 paTanA- 233 paTasIvaram - 228 patanagrAma - 346 251, 267, 268, 273 nAgapura - 251, 262, 263 nADolAI - 787, 764, 765 pa palyapadrapura nagara - 146, 161, 172 pallUpura nagara-455 pATaNa - 102, 134, 136, 140, 146 153, 170, 175, 180, 182 183, 184, 186, 160, 165 257, 264, 283, 285, 262 330, 383, 456, 461, 466 470, 477, 481, 482, 531 435, 536, 536, 552, 634 645, 646, 730, 732, 751 753, 755, 785, 764, 806 810, 813 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - bhAga 4 pAlR udA - 170, 171 pAlI - 441. penokoNDA- 228 pravarapura - 353 pha phatahapura sIkarI - 586 pharagAna - 71 philIstAna - 71 baTiyAra - 536 banArasa - 453 bAgar3a prAnta - 246 bAgalI - 228 bAr3amera-441 bAdAmI - 31, 55 bApanagara - 21 bAhuloDanagara - 382 bIkAnera - 124, 140, 144 bIsa gAMva - 764 bulanda zatru - 200 bha bhaDauMca nagara - 288 bhaTiMDA - 89 bhaDezvara grAma - 562 bhAlijya nagara - 707 bhImapallI - 468 bhelasA - 441 bhojapura-228 bhopAlagar3ha - 21 ma magadha - 51 machalIpaTTam - 228 maddAhata nagara - 287 madurA - 52, 57, 226 mathurA - 200, 201, 466, 467, 468 marukoTa nagara - 236, 240, 250, 251
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________________ zabdAnukramaNikA mAIyaDa - 240, 241 mADala - 794 mANDalagar3ha-453 mAlavA - 64, 101 mAlAnI - 441 mAravADa - 535, 536, 641, 754 . misra - 71 multAna - 166 * mer3atA - 510. mevAr3a - 535, 536, 573, 641 moravAr3A- 764 yoginapura - 468 ra raNathambhaura - 453, 815, 816 rAjasthAna - 94, 101 ya rAghanapura-764 rAma tIrtha - 228 yadurga- 228 rudrapallI - 266, 270 la lamagAna - 86 lAhora - 86, 168, 205, 210, 452 lImar3I - 708, 751 leliyANaka - 564, 565 va varddhamAnapura-421 vallI malaI - 228 vArANasI-144 viupaNa nagara - 576, 521, 526, 534 vikramapura - 250, 273, 274 vidyA nagara - 231, 232 vijaya nagara - 215, 216, .228, 235 vItabhayAnagara -441 vIrATiyA - 814 vyAghrapura - 271, 438 za zailam - 228 sa stambhanapura nagara - 152, 153 lakhapura- 794 samarakanda -- 71 211 sindhUsarovIra-44 sirohI- 723 sivANA - 815, 816 sIriyA - 71 855 sarasAnagara - 142, 144, 145 sarahinda - 8 sAMbhara - 260 siddhapura nagara - 140, 144 sindha - 35, 68, 86, 166, 205, 210, 217, 218 sUrata - 735, 808 serisaka grAma - 313 sogI - 228 sopAraka nagara 520 somanAtha - 201, 202 saurASTa - 144, 421, 468, 535, 536 706
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________________ 2. sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI aMcalagaccha digdarzana apabhraMza kAvyatrayI abhidhAna rAjendra koSa bhAga, 1-7 AkiyAlojikala sarve Apha iNDiyA Agamika gaccha paTTAvalI (pUrNimA gaccha paTThAvalI kA apara nAma) prAcArAMga dopikA AcArAMga sUtra Atma prabodha iliyaTa hisTrI Apha iNDiyA, bhAga 1-2 upakeza gaccha paTTAvalI upadeza taraMgiNI upadeza rasAyama rAsa upadeza saptatikA - ratna zekhara sUri eka pAtariyA gaccha paTTAvalI ensAiklopIDiyA Apha rilIjansa Apha dI valDa ensAiklopIDiyA Apha rilIjansa enDa ethiksa bhAga 8. hesTigsa eziyATika risarceja - bhAga-6 e hisTrI Apha karanATikA, DA. pI. bI. desAI kaDavAmata paTTAvalI kumAra pAla prabandha - zrI jina maMDanagaNi khataragaccha vRhad gurvAvalI khataragacchIyA hastalikhita paTTAvalI - kalyANa vijayajI gacchAcAra paiNNaya vRti gaNadhara sArddhazataka - jina candrAcArya gurvAvalI
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________________ saMdarbha granthoM kI sUcI ] [ 857 caccarI TippaNaka jIva samAsa kI vRti - hemacandra sUri jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-1 prA. zrI hastImala jI ma. sA. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-2 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-3 jaina dharma no prAcIna saMkSipta itihAsa ane prabhuvIra paTTAvalI jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1 se 3 mANikacandra digambara jaina graMthamAlA samiti hIrAbAga bambaI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI - kalyANa vijayajI ma. sA. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI sUtram - zrI dharmasAgara gaNi pAgaNa dUSaNa zataka 'tapomata kuTTaNa' - jina prabha sUrI dayA dharma kI caupAI - bhAnucandra yati darzana sAra digambarAcArya zrI devasena dvitIyodaya yuga pradhAna yaMtram dI iNDiyana enTIkyUrI, bhAga-2 nandi saMgha kI paTTAvalI nibandha nicaya nirvANa kalikA nizItha sUtra pra0 bhA0 neminAha cariu, haribhadra sUrI paMcavastuka TIkA paNhAvAgaraNa sUtra paTTAvalI-parAga-saMgraha, bhAga 1-2 paM. kalyANa vijaya jI zAstra saMgraha samiti - jAlaura (rAja.) paTTAvalI prabandha saMgraha, A0 hastImala jI ma0 sA0 paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga-1 muni darzana vijayajI zrI cAritra smAraka graMthamAlA vIrama gAMva (gujarAta vi. saM. 1986) paTTAvalI sAroddhAra pAiya lacchI nAmamAlA, dhanapAla pArzvanAtha vasti kA zilAlekha
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________________ 858 ] [ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-bhAga 4 / pArzvanAtha paramparA kA itihAsa 1 periya purANa pratiSThA pATha pratiSThA lekha saMgraha prabandha cintAmaNi merutugAcArya phorbasa gujarAtI sabhA mahArAja menzansa sendharTa ror3a bombe na. 4 (vi. saM. 1988) prabhAvaka caritra A0 prabhAcandra sUrI saM. jina vijaya siMdhI, jaina jJAna pITha ___ahamadAbAda, kalakattA (vi. saM. 1665) prabhuvIra paTTAvalI, maNilAla jI ma0 pramANa-naya-tatvAloka / pravacana parIkSA bhAga 1, 2, prazna vyAkaraNa vRtti. briga phariztA bhadrabAhucaritra, prA0 ratna naMdI (vi. saM. 1625) merutugIyA aMcalagaccha paTTAvalI mahAvIra cariyaM, guNa candragaNi mahAvIra deva paTTa paramparA yugapradhAna-paTTAvalI ratnAkarAvatArikA rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda projhA laghu zatapadI lATa ke solaMkI sAmanta pulakezina kA zilAlekha luMkAmata pratibodha kulaka lokAzAha nA aThThAvana bola vRddhAcArya prabandhAvalI vRddhisAgara vyAkaraNa vahatkalpa bhASya, bhAga 6 vRhadgaccha gurvAvalI vyAkhyA prajJapti
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________________ saMdarbha granthoM kI sUcI ] [ 856 vipAkasUtra-vRtti vIravaMzapaTTAvalI aparanAma vidhipakSa gaccha paTTAvalI bhAva sAgara sUrI , (vi. saM. 1516) vIrodaya kAvya digambara muni jJAnasAgara jI ma0 zramaNa saMhAra caritram zravaNavela gola zilAlekha saMkhyA 57 zrI guru paTTAvalI zrI guru parvakrama varNanam -- guNaratna sUrI saMmavAyAMga sTragala phora empAyara volyUma 5 sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma sudharma gaccha parIkSA sapta padI zAstra hisTrI eNDa kalcara Apha dI iNDiyana pipula volyUma IV&V Ara. sI. majUmadAra
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