Hindi Jain Sahitya ka Bruhad Itihas Part 1

Author(s): Shitikanth Mishr
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002090/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlAH 53 CANNNNNA hindI jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 2747 khaNDa-1 AdikAla se 16vIM zatAbdI taka Chu saMpAdaka DA0 sAgaramala jaina DA0 zitikaMTha mizra saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5 .

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 53 hindI jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 1 ( maru - gurjara ) DaoN0 zitikaNTha mizra 105 saM en sampAdaka pro. sAgaramala jaina pii vArANasI-5 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-221065

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 53 granthamAlA sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina Parshvanath Vidyashram Series : 53 Hindi Jain Sahitya ka Brihad Itihas Dr. Shitikantha Mishra Published by : P. V. Research Institute Varanasi-221005 First Edition.,8Sal Price Rs: 18000 prakAzakA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-221005 prathama saMskaraNa-1989 / DivAina priMTarsa __ mUlya-80.00 | vArANasI-1

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prakAzakIya pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, jaina sAhitya ke bRhad itihAsa ke nirmANa kI yojanA ke kriyAnvayana meM vigata 25 varSoM se nirantara saMlagna hai| prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM-prAkRta aura saMskRta sAhitya ke aMga Agama, aMgabAhya Agama, Agamika vyAkhyAyeM, karma sAhitya, prakaraNa sAhitya, kAvya sAhitya aise vibhinna pakSoM ko sameTate hue 6 bhAga prakAzita kiye gaye, sAtha hI prAcIna kannar3a aura tamila sAhitya kI jaina kRtiyoM ke vivaraNa ko prastuta karane kI daSTi se tamila, kannar3a aura marAThI jaina sAhitya nAmaka sAtavA~ bhAga prakAzita kiyA gayA / isakA AThavA~ bhAga apabhraMza bhASA meM nibaddha jaina sAhitya se sambaddha hai, parantu yogya lekhakoM kI upalabdhi ke abhAva evaM jinheM yaha kArya diyA gayA thA, unake atyanta vRddha athavA svargavAsI ho jAne ke kAraNa abhI taka rukA huA hai / isakA agalA bhAga yathAvat calatA rahe isaliye hamane yahI socA ki isa yojanA ke antargata hindI jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa eka alaga sirIja ke rUpa meM prakAzita ho / yaha dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai ki hindI bhASA kA prAcInatama svarUpa jo jaina sAhitya ke rUpa meM surakSita hai usase hindI vidvat jagat Aja bhI aparicita hai| isake liye jaina paramparA bhI uttaradAyI hai kyoMki usane apanA sAhitya vidvAnoM ko upalabdha hI nahIM kraayaa| apabhraMza aura Adhunika hindI bhASA ke udbhava ke madhya jo antarAla hai usakI pUrti prAcIna maru-gurjara bhASA meM nibaddha jaina sAhitya karatA hai| yahA~ maru-gurjara se hamArA tAtparya rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASA ke pUrva evaM saMyukta rUpa se hai| jaina paramparA kI dRSTi se maru-gurjara vaha kar3I hai jo apabhraMza aura Adhunika hindI bhASA ko jor3atI hai| maru-gurjara ke jaina kaviyoM para zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI aura zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne grantha taiyAra kiye the| zrI desAI jI ke grantha yadyapi maru-gurjara kaviyoM se sambaddha haiM parantu ve gujarAtI bhASA meM nibaddha haiN| zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ne lagabhaga 100 pRSThoM meM rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| desAI jI ke grantha apane vivaraNa aura zodha donoM hI dRSTiyoM se atyanta mahattvapUrNa aura vistRta hote hue bhI

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( 4 ) hindI bhASA bhASiyoM ke lie sugrAhya nahIM ho pAye kyoMki ve gujarAtI bhASA aura gujarAtI lipi meM prakAzita haiM / zrI nAhaTA jI kA grantha laghukAya hone ke kAraNa sabhI maru-gurjara kaviyoM aura unakI racanAoM ko sparza nahIM kara pAyA hai / vidyAzrama ne pUrva meM unase hindI jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ke rAjasthAnI khaNDa ko likhane kA anurodha bhI kiyA thA, kintu ke use pUrA na kara sake aura unhoMne rAjasthAnI jaina kavi nAmaka apane laghu grantha ko isa khaNDa ke lekhana meM AdhAra banAne ke liye hameM preSita kiyA, ataH anta meM nirNaya kiyA gayA ki zrI desAI aura zrI nAhaTA jI ke granthoM ko AdhAra banAte hue hindI jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ke prathama khaNDa ke rUpa meM maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa likhavAyA jAye / yadyapi hamane isa kArya ke sandarbha meM kucha jaina vidvAnoM se bhI carcA kI thI, kintu hameM utsAhajanaka sahayoga nahIM mila paayaa| anta meM maiMne saMsthAna ke nikaTa nivAsa kara rahe hindI ke variSTha prAdhyApaka DaoN0 zitikaNTha mizra se nivedana kiyA / pahale to unhoMne bhI gujarAtI bhASA kA jJAna na hone tathA jaina paramparA se paricita na hone ke kAraNa isa kArya ko karane meM saMkoca kiyA, parantu hamAre vizeSa Agraha para isa dAyitvapUrNa kArya ko pUrA karane kA vacana diyA aura Aja hameM yaha kahate hue prasannatA hotI hai ki unhoMne alpAvadhi meM hI isa vizAla kArya ko pUrNa bhI kara diyaa| isake liye. hama nizcaya hI DaoN0 zitikaNTha mizra ke AbhArI haiM / isa khaNDa meM hamane maru-gurjara yA prAcIna hindI ke AdikAla se lekara 16vIM zatI ke anta taka ke kaviyoM aura unakI racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA hai / vastutaH isa yuga ke jaina kavi aura unakI racanAyeM itanI adhika haiM ki una sabakA sampUrNa aura samIkSAtmaka vivaraNa de pAnA aise do-cAra granthoM meM bhI sambhava nahIM hai / dUsarI kaThinAI yaha bhI hai ki abhI taka sampUrNa jaina bhaNDAroM kA sarvekSaNa bhI nahIM ho pAyA hai ataH sambhava hai ki isa yuga ke aneka kavi aura unakI racanAoM ke ullekha isameM chUTa gaye hoM / yadi vidvAnoM se isa sambandha meM hameM sUcanA milegI to hama agale saMskaraNa meM use jor3a deMge / yaha kahane meM hameM tanika bhI saMkoca nahIM ki isa grantha kI adhikAMza sAmagrI zrI desAI aura zrI nAhaTA ke granthoM se lI gayI hai, kintu isake sAtha hI hameM anya srotoM se jo kucha bhI mila sakA hai, use bhI vidvAn lekhaka ne isameM samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai|

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prastuta kRti ke lekhana ke liye hama DaoN0 zitikaNTha mizra ke AbhArI haiM hI, sAtha hI apane zodha saMsthAna ke DaoN0 azoka kumAra, DaoN. ziva prasAda evaM bAbU zrI maheza kumAra jI ke bhI AbhArI haiM ki unhoMne isake mudraNa, prUpha saMzodhana Adi meM rucipUrvaka kArya kiyA hai| grantha kA mudraNa kArya tvarA meM hone ke kAraNa prapha saMzodhana meM kahIM-kahIM azuddhiyA~ raha gayIM haiM, jinheM AgAmI saMskaraNa meM hama avazya hI dUra kara deNge| anta meM isake zIghra evaM sundara mudraNa ke liye hama DivAina priMTarsa ke prati bhI AbhAra vyakta karate haiN| Aja hameM hindI vidvat jagat ko yaha kRti samarpita karate hue atyanta prasannatA ho rahI hai| hama yaha apekSA kareMge ki ve isakA samyak mUlyAMkana kareM aura bhaviSya meM jaba bhI hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa likhA jAye, usameM jaina kaviyoM kI samartha racanAoM ko bhI ucita sthAna dene kA prayatna kreN| DaoN sAgaramala jaina nidezaka bhUpendranAtha jaina maMtrI

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lekhakIya nivedana pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna meM 'jaina vidyA-zodha evaM prakAzana samanvaya samiti' kI baiThaka meM nirNaya liyA gayA thA ki 'jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa' yojanA ke antargata 'maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa' likhavAyA jAye aura ise taiyAra karane meM zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ke grantha 'jaina gurjara kavio' aura sva0 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke laghu grantha 'rAjasthAnI jaina kavi' kA upayoga kiyA jaaye| saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne prastAvita grantha ke lekhana kArya ke lie mujhase kahA to kArya manonukUla hone ke kAraNa maiM prasanna bhI huA aura jaina vidyA meM apanI alpajJatA ke kAraNa sazaMka bhii| kintu DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne mujhe nirantara utsAhita kiyA, adhyayana sAmagrI sulabha karAI aura AvazyakatAnusAra gujarAtI granthoM ko par3hane-samajhane meM merA mArgadarzana bhI kiyaa| phalataH tInacAra varSoM ke parizrama kA yaha pariNAma grantharUpa meM pAThakoM ke sAmane hai| grantha kaisA hai yaha nirNaya karanA sudhI pAThakoM kA kAma hai kintu kArya kisa prakAra kiyA gayA hai yaha mujhe avazya nivedita karanA hai / 'maru-gurjara' zabda hindI ke sAmAnya pAThakoM ke lie apekSAkRta alpa paricita hai| jaina sAhitya ke lekhaka prAyaH jaina muni hue haiM jo prAyaH rAjasthAna gujarAta aura madhyapradeza meM paribhramaNa karate rahate the, ataH inakI bhASA prAdezikatA kI saMkIrNa sImA ke bAhara antarghAntIya svabhAva kI rahI hai, jisameM hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI ke purAne prayoga mile-jule haiM / vastutaH 12vIM zatI se 15vIM zatI taka ina bhASAoM meM koI bar3A bhASA-vaijJAnika bheda nahIM rahA hai| isI bhASA ko gulerI jI ne purAnI hindI kahA hai aura ise hI jaina vidvAn maru-gurjara kahate haiN| saca kahiye to donoM samAnArthaka haiN| jaina lekhaka janasAmAnya kI pracalita bolacAla kI bhASA kA hI sadaiva prayoga karate rahe haiM isalie maru-gurjara rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta meM pracalita jana-bhASA kA hI eka nAma hai| 10vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI ke bIca sthAnIya apabhraMzoM se Adhunika Arya bhASAoM kA udbhava prArambha huA kintu inakA vAstavika alagAva 15vIM zatAbdI ke bAda hI huaa| isa sandhikAla kI bhASA meM saMkramaNakAlIna bhASA kI sabhI vizeSatAyeM pAI jAtI haiM jisameM apabhraza kI kramazaH

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( 7 ) kSINa hotI huI pravRtti ke avazeSoM ke sAtha navodita dezyabhASAoM ke prayoga mile-jule haiM / hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kA sambandha bar3A prAcIna aura ghaniSTha rahA hai / ina bhASAoM aura inake sAhitya meM 5vIM zatAbdI taka adbhuta sAmya dikhAI detA hai - samparka bhASA ke rUpa meM hindI kA sthAna kendrIya mahattva kA hai / 12vIM se 15vIM zatAbdI kI avadhi ko hindI sAhityetihAsoM meM AdikAla kahA gayA hai / isa yuga ke nirmANa meM vidyApati ke avahaTTa se lekara jainAcAryoM ke maru-gurjara taka kA yogadAna hai / yadyapi isameM bauddhoM, siddhoM, nAthoM aura cAraNoM kA sAhitya sammilita hai kintu parimANa aura prAmANikatA kI dRSTi se jaina sAhitya sabase mahattvapUrNa hai / ina racanAoM kI pratyeka zatAbdI ke pratyeka caraNa kI likhI prAmANika hastapratiyA~ pracura mAtrA meM jaina jJAna- bhANDAroM meM upalabdha haiM jinase pATha zodhana, nirdhAraNa, bhASA vaijJAnika adhyayana aura sAhityarUpoM kI paramparA kA suvidhApUrvaka vivecana kiyA jA sakatA hai / bhAratIya sAhitya kI mukhya pravRtti 'dharma' rahI hai / jaina sAhitya to pUrNatayA dharmAzrita hai, kintu isI AdhAra para use sAmpradAyika sAhitya kI saMjJA dekara itihAsa se use khArija karanA AtmaghAtI kArya siddha huA hai / dharma kI sAmAjika mAnyatA kA jitanA prAmANika varNana jainAcAryoM ne kiyA hai utanA anyatra durlabha hai / tatkAlIna sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA binA kisI atiraMjanA ke yathAtathya nirUpaNa karake ina logoM ne deza ke itihAsa evaM samAja kI saMskRti ke adhyayana kA Thosa AdhAra prastuta kiyA hai| durbhAgyavaza isa vizAla evaM prAmANika sAhitya kA apekSita adhyayana karane ke sthAna para isakI upekSA kI gaI / isa upekSA kA racanAtmaka pratikAra karane ke lie isa pustaka kI nitAnta AvazyakatA thI / isake binA hindI bhASA aura sAhitya kA vikAsakrama bhaMga ho rahA thA, isa grantha ke lekhana se vaha kar3I jur3a jAtI hai / jaina sAhitya hamArI saMskRti kI vividhatA meM ekatA kA poSaka hai aura karma siddhAnta dvArA manuSya ke puruSArtha kA vijaya udghoSa karake karma kI preraNA detA hai / anekAnta dvArA yaha aikAntika durAgraha kA niSedha tathA sahiSNutA kA saMdeza detA hai / itane uttama aura vizAla jaina sAhitya kA itivRtta hindI meM AyA hai, isase hindI sAhitya kA bhaNDAra samRddha huA hai aura hindI pAThakoM ko hindI bhASA aura usake sAhitya kA samagra pUrva - vRtta jAnane tathA usakI paramparA ko samajhane kA avasara milA hai, yahI isakI caritArthatA hai /

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( 8 ) hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla meM jina vIrakathAoM ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna milA thA, ve prAyaH jAlI, kSepaka, paravartI aura aprAmANika siddha hotI jA rahI haiM isalie prAmANika jainasAhitya kA mahattva dinoM-dina bar3hatA jA rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM 'hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla' jaina sAhitya ke abhAva meM apUrNa samajhA jaayegaa| maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya ke zilpa, chanda vidhAna, kAvyarUpoM Adi kA hindI, gujarAtI Adi ke sAhitya para bar3A vyApaka prabhAva par3A hai kintu isakA aba taka hindI bhASA meM koI itihAsa upalabdha nahIM thaa| ataH isa kArya dvArA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ne eka mahatI AvazyakatA kI pati kI hai, etadartha saMsthAna ke nidezaka evaM pravandhaka dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / samasta jaina sAhitya meM dharma kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa pravatti ke AdhAra para bhinna bhinna yugoM kA ba~TavArA saMbhava nahIM thaa| pramu va lekhakoM ke AdhAra para bhI yugoM kA nAmakaraNa karanA eka jaTila prazna yA ataH samasta maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya ko zatAbdiyoM ke AdhAra para bAMTakara pratyeka zatAbdI ke lekhakoM ko akSarAnukrama se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa krama kA kaI kAraNoMvaza kahIM-kahIM pUrNa tayA pAlana nahIM ho pAyA hai, ataH pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve thor3A Age-pIche dekha leM unakA vAMchita kavi kucha idhara-udhara avazya mila jAyegA, isa itivRtta grantha meM prAyaH pAMca sau kaviyoM aura unakI sahasroM kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isalie kahIM kucha bhala ho jAnA asaMbhava nahIM hai| punarukti bhI ho gaI hai| asAyata, Dugaru, vaccha bhaMDArI-vastiga, lAkhU Adi kula sAta-ATha kaviyoM ko duharAyA gayA hai, isakA kAraNa hai upajIvya granthoM meM una nAmoM meM pUnarukti yA pArasparika matabheda / yaha matabheda guru-paramparA, racanAkAla yA racayitA ko lekara hai| isalie punarukti ho gaI hai| kisI kavi ke bAre meM antima samaya para kucha Avazyaka navIna sAmagrI mila jAne para bhI aisA karanA par3A hai| prUpha par3hane meM asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa azuddhiyA~ adhika raha gaI haiM / eka zuddhipatraka lagA diyA gayA hai, pAThaka isase sahAyatA lekara zuddha par3hane kI kRpA kareM aura kaSTa ke lie kSamA kreN| azuddhiyoM ko agale saMskaraNa meM sudhAra diyA jaayegaa| pustaka chaha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM maru-gurjara ke prArambha arthAt 13vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI apabhraMza bhASA usake sAhitya kI saMkSipta uddharaNI pIThikA ke rUpa meM dI gaI hai| isI adhyAya meM maru-gurjara zabda kI nirukti aura usakI purAnI hindI se ekarUpatA para bhI prakAza

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DAlA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya meM rasa-bhakti aura kAvyarUpoM kI vividhatA kI eka jhalaka bhI isI adhyAya ke anta meM milegI kyoMki hindI sAhitya ko ina viSayoM meM maru-gurjara se bar3A avadAna milA hai| dUsare, tIsare, cauthe aura pA~caveM adhyAyoM meM kramazaH 13vIM, 14vIM, 15vIM aura 16vIM zatAbdI ke jaina kAvya aura kaviyoM kA itivRtta diyA gayA hai| prAyaH prakAzita sAhitya aura usake jJAta kaviyoM ko hI apanI samaya-sthAna kI sImA ke kAraNa grantha meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| jina racanAoM kA racanAkAla, sthAna aura racayitA yA usakI guru-paramparA Adi kA prazna vivAdAspada hai unheM zodhArthiyoM ke lie chor3a diyA gayA hai| chaThe adhyAya meM 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke upalabdha gadya sAhitya aura usake lekhakoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza meM prApta gadya sAhitya kA saMketa bhI pUrva sandarbha ke rUpa meM kara diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka ke gadya aura padya kA saMkSipta itihAsa dene kI yathAsaMbhava ceSTA kI gaI hai| isameM jo kamiyA~ raha gaI haiM, unake lie Apake sujhAvoM kA sadaiva svAgata hai aura hama tadanusAra saMzodhana karane kA prayatna kreNge| naye aura alpajJAta lekhakoM ko protsAhana dene kI bAteM to khUba kI jAtI haiM para jaba vAstavika avasara AtA hai to hamAre sAhityika masIhA mukara jAte haiM / DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne merI alpajJatA ke bAvajUda bhI yaha kArya mujhe sauMpA, Avazyaka suvidhA pradAna kI, isake lie maiM unake prati punaH AbhAra vyakta karatA hai| isa avasara para maiM apane pUjya pitA zrI zatrughna prasAda mizra kA sAdara smaraNa karatA hU~ jinakI pratibhA avasara kI talAza meM apanI sahI pahacAna bhale na banA pAI kintu mere liai ajasra preraNA kA srota avazya bana skii| saMsthAna ke anya adhikAriyoM, kAryakartAoM vizeSa rUpa se DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha, DaoN0 ziva prasAda, zrI mohanalAla evaM zrI mahendra yAdava kA bhI anugahIta haiM kyoMki ina logoM kI samaya-samaya para ayAcita sahAyatA ke binA mere lie yaha kArya duSkara hI thaa| prUpha zodhana, anukramaNikA aura pustaka sUcI taiyAra karane meM ci0 asIma ne kAphI zrama kiyA, use sAdhuvAda ke sAtha yaha grantha lokArpita karatA huuN| navarAtrArambha vi0 saM0 2046 vArANasI 30-9-89 DaoN0 zitikaNTha mizra

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viSaya-sUcI adhyAya 1-maru-gurjara kA prArambha aura prAcIna paramparA, maru-gurjara kI nirukti 1, maru-gurjara kA vikAsa 2, maru aura gurjara bhASA kI ekatA 3, maru gurjara kI utpatti : maru 10, gurjara 12, maru-gurjara kI ekatA kA AdhAra 13, maru-gurjara zabda kI upayuktatA 14, maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA kAla-vibhAjana 15, maru-gurjara ke prati udAsInatA 16, jaina sAhitya kA prathama paricaya 17, maru-gurjara sAhitya kA saMrakSaNa 18, maru-gurjara kA udbhava 20, maru-gurjara ke svatantra vikAsa kA kAraNa 21, jaina sAhitya meM prAkRta 22, jaina prAkRta sAhitya kI vizeSatAyeM 24, apabhraMza : apabhraMza kA zabdArtha aura itihAsa 25, apabhraMza bhASA kI sAmAnya pravRttiyA~ 29, apabhraMza kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM 30, apabhraMza sAhitya kI saMkSipta uddharaNI 34, apabhraMza jaina sAhitya 34, svayaMbhU 36, puSpadanta 38, dhanapAla prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya 41, vIrakavi 43, nayanandi 44, muni kanakAmara 44, sAhila 45, padmakIrti 46, zrIdhara 46, devasenagaNi 47, siMha aura siddha kavi 48, haribhadra 48, paM0 lAkhU yA lakkhaNa 49, yazaHkIrti 49, raidha 50, jaina rAsa sAhitya 52, sAdhAraNa 53, devacandra 54, yogIndu 54, munirAmasiMha 55, suprabhAcArya 56, devasena 56, rUpakakAvya 58, kathA sAhitya 58, hariSeNa 58, jainetaraapabhraza kAvya 59, bauddha apabhraMza sAhitya 60, zevoM kI apabhraza racanAyeM 61, AdikAlIna jaina sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi 62, rAjanItika sthiti 63, Arthika sthiti 65, dhArmika sthiti 66, pramukha rAjavaMzoM kI dhArmika nIti 67, bundelakhaNDa, mAlavA meM jainadharma kI sthiti 68, gujarAta meM jainadharma kI sthiti 68, jaina dharma kA paricaya 70, jaina-darzana 71, jainadevamaMDala tathA pUjana 72, maru-gurjara bhASA kA vikAsa 72, maru-gurjara sAhitya para apabhraza kA prabhAvaH bhASA 82, carita 83, kathAvastu 83, kathAnaka rUr3hiyAM 84, abhivyanjanA 84, zailI 84, chanda 85, kAvyarUpa 87, rasa 97, bhakti 102 / adhyAya 2-maru gurjara jaina sAhitya (saM0 1201-1300) AdikAla kA nirdhAraNa 107, gujarAta-rAjasthAna se jainadharma kA sambandha 109, 13 vIM zatAbdI kI sAMskRtika pIThikA : abhayadevasUri

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(11) (navAMgIvRttikAra) 110, jinavalla masUri 111, A0 dinadatta sUri 112,. tatkAlIna rAjanItika sthiti 115, sAhityaka gatividhi 117, marugurjara jaina sAhitya kI katipaya viziSTatAyeM 119, maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA vivaraNa (saM0 1001-1300) : abhayadevasUri 120, amaraprabhasUri 120, Asigu (zrAvaka Asiga) 120, zrAvaka jagar3a 122, jinezvarasUri (dvitIya) 124, jayamaMgalasUri 125, jayadevagaNi 125, delhar3a 125, dharma 125,nemicandra bhaNDArI 128, pRthvIcandra 129, pAlhaNa 129, puNyasAgara 131, bhattau 132, yazaHkIrti (prathama) 132, ratnaprabha yA ratnasiMha sUri 133, zAharayaNa 133, zrAvaka lakhaNa (lakSmaNa) 135, paNDita lAkha 136, zrAvaka lakhamasI 137, varadatta 137, vajrasenasUri 137, vAdideva sUri 138, vijayasenasUri 139, vIraprabha 141, zAlibhadra yA sAlibhadra sUri 142, sirimA mahattarA 145, sumatigaNi 145, suprabhAcArya 146, somaprabha 146, haribhadrasUri 147, harideva 148, 13 vIM zatAbdI ke ajJAta kavi 149 / adhyAya 3-maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya saM0 1301-1400 rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika paristhiti 153, dhArmika sthiti 155,. abhayatilaka gaNi 157, amaraprabhasUri 158, Anandatilaka 159 ambadevasUri 161, udayakaraNa 164, udayadharma 165, guNAkarasUri 167, cAritragaNi 168, chalhu 169, jayadevamuni 170, jayadharma 170, 'dAdA' jinakuzalasUri 171, jinapadmasUri 172, jinaprabhasUri 175, devacandrasUri 179, dharmakalaza 179, dharmasUri 181, mantrI dhArIsiMha 181, padma yA pauma 182, prajJAtilaka 184, pheru Thakkura 186, mahezvarasUri 187, merutuGga 187, modamandira 189, maNDalika 189, ralha (rAjasiMha) 190, muni rAjatilaka 192, rAjakIrti 193, rAjavallabha 193,rAmabhadra 193, zrAvaka lakhamasI 194, lAkhama (lakSmaNadeva) 194, lakSmItilaka upAdhyAya 195, varittaga 196, vinaya candrasUri 198, vIraprabha 199, zrIdhara 200, zAntibhadra 200, zAntisUri 201, sahajasAna 201, sAramUrti 202,. sudhAkalaza 203, somamUrti 203, solaNu 205, hemabhUSaNagaNi 206, ajJAta kavi kRta racanAyeM 206 / adhyAya 4-maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya (15 vIM zatAbdI) 15 vIM zatI ke maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kI pIThikA : rAjanaitika pRSThabhUmi 219, sAMskRtika pIThikA 222, sAhityika pIThikA 223,.

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( 12 ) asavAla 225, AsAyata 225, udayakaraNa 226, udayavaMta 226, - karNa siMha 226, kaviyaNa 227, kAnha 227, guNacandrasUri 229, guNaratnasUri 230, caoNpa - caMpa 231 jayakezara muni 232, jayatilakasUri 233, jayamitrahalla 233, jaya mUrtigaNi 234, jayavallabhagaNi 234, jayazekharasUri 235, jayasAgara upAdhyAya 238, jayasiMhasUri 240, jayAnandasUri 242, jinabhadrasUri 243, jinaratnasUri 244, jinavarddhanasUri 244, jinavarddhamAnasUri 244, jinazekharasUri 245, jinodayasUri 246, DuMgarU 246, taruNaprabhasUri 247, tejavarddhana 247, dayAsAgarasUri 247, devadatta 248, devaprabhagaNi 248, devaratnasUriziSya 248, devasundara 250, devasundarasUri - ziSya 250, dhanaprabha 250, dhanapAla 251, dhanarAja 251, nayacandra 252, narasena 252, padmatilaka 253, padmAnandasUri 253, paramAnanda 254, prasannacanda 254, pRthvIcanda 255, pahurAja 255, baccha bhaNDArI 256, bhAvasundara 258, bhIma 259, bhairaidAsa 260, mAuNa seTha 261, mANikya sundarasUri 231, mANikyasUri 262, mAladeva 263, munimahAnandi 263, munisundarasUri 264, merutuMga 264, merunandanagaNi 264, megho (meho) 268 maMDalika 269, yazaH kIrti 269, ratnamaNDanagaNi 269, ratnavallabha 271, ratnAkara muni 271, ratnazekharasUri 273 rAjatilaka 273, rAjalakSmI 274, rAjazekharasUri 275, vastiga ( vasto) 277, vijayabhadra 278, zrAvaka "viddhaNu 280 bha0 vinayacandra 280, vinayaprabha 281, vIranandana 285, zAntisUri 285, zivadAsa 286, zAlibhadrasUri 286, zAlisUri 286, bha0 sakalakIrti 287, saghAru 290, samadhara 290, samayaprabha 291, samarA 292, sarvAnandasUri 293, sAdhukIrti 294, sAdhuhaMsa 295, siddhasUri 296, somakuMjara 296, somatilakasUri 297, somasundarasUri 297, - somasundarasUri Adi zipya 299, harasevaka 300, harikalaza 301, halarAja 302, hIrAnandasUri 303, jJAnakalazamuni 305, ajJAta kavikRta ( racanAyeM ) 306 / adhyAya 5 - - maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (saM. 1501.1600 ) madhyayuga kA prArambha 313, madhyayugIna maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kI - sAmAnya vizeSatAyeM 313, bhASA sambandhI sAmAnya vizeSatAyeM 315, chaMda vidhAna 316, kAvya rUpa 317, maru-gurjara kI jainetara racanAyeM 317, loka sAhitya 318, 16 vIM zatAbdI kI rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi 318,

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( 13 ) sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ 320, dhArmika sthiti : dhArmika sudhAra Andolana 321, lokAzAha aura sthAnakavAsI paramparA 322, sAhityika gatividhi 323, 16 vIM zatAbdI ke kaviyoM kA vivaraNa : anantahaMsa 325, anantahaMsa ke ajJAta ziSya 326, amIpAla ( zrAvaka ) 327, AgamamANikya 327, ANaMda 328, Anandapramoda 328, Anandamuni 329, Anandameru 330, AsAyata ( asAita ) 331, AjJAsundara 332, IzvarasUri 332, udayadharma 334, udayabhAnu 335, udayavaMta 336, kaDuA ( kar3avo . 337, kanakakavi 338, kakkasUri ziSya (1) 339, kakkasUri ziSya (2) 340, kamaladharma 340, kamalameru 341, kalyANacandra 341, kalyANajaya 342, kalyANatilaka ( upAdhyAya ) 343, kaviyaNa 344, karamasI 345, kIrati 346, kIrtiharSa 346, kuzalasayama 347, kuzalaharSa 348, kolhi 350, khemarAja 350, khImo yA khImA 353, kSamAkalaza 354, kSAntiraMga gaNi 355, gajarAja ( paMDita ) 356, gajalAbha 35.6, gajendrapramoda 358, gaNapati 358, guNakIrti 359, guNamANikya-ziSya 360, gauravadAsa 360,. ghaNacanda 363, catarumala 36.3, cauhatha 365, cauA 365, caturbhuja 366, candraprabhasUri 367, candrakIti 368, candralAbha 368, cArucandra 368, chIhala 369, bha0 jayakIrti 372, muni jayalAla 373, jayamaMdira 373, jayarAja 374, jayavallabha 374, jayavijaya 376, jayAnanda 376,jayahema-ziSya 377, bha0 jinacandra 378, brahmajinadAsa 378, jinavarddhana 385, jinasAdhu sUri 386, A0 jinasena 386, jinahara 387, (brahma) jIvaMdhara 388, jIvarAja 389, Dugara 389, ThakurasI 389, dalha 392, dAmodara ( DAmara ) 393, dAmodara 394, depAla 394, devakalaza 398, devakIrti 399, devaprabhagaNi 399, devaratna 400, devasundara 400, daulatavijaya 401, dhanadeva gaNi 401, dhanasAra ( pAThaka ) 403, dharmadAsa 404, dharmadeva 405, dharmaruci 406, brahma dharmaruci 407, vAcakadharmasamudra 408, dharmasAgara 410, dharmasiMhagaNi 411, dharmasundara 411, nannasUri 411, nandivarddhanasari 414, nayasiMhagaNi 414, narapati 414, nara. zekhara 416, nyAyasundara upAdhyAya 416, nemikuMjara 417, padmanAbha 418, padmamaMdiragaNi 418, padmasAgara 419, padmazrI 420, pAto (pAta. parabata) 420, parabata bhAvasAra 421, pratiSThAsoma 422, pArzvacandrasUri 422, puNyanandi 427, puNyaratna 428, puNyalabdhi 429 bha0 prabhAcanda 430, brahmamuni ( vinayadevasUri ) 430, brahmabUcA (bUcarAja ) 434, budharAja 439, bhaktilAbha 439. bhaktivijaya 440, bhAnucandra 441, bhAva

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( 14 ) upAdhyAya 441, bhAvo 443, bhAvakalaza 443, bhAvaprabha 444, bhAvasAgarasUri-ziSya 444, bhIma 446, bhImarAja 446, bha0 bhuvanakIrti 447, bhavanakIti 447, matisAgara 448, matizekhara 449, malayacanda 451, mahindu yA mahAcandra 453, mahIcandra 453, mANikya rAja 454, mANikasundaragaNi 455, municandrasUri 455, mUlaprabhasAdhu / bhAvaprabha), 455, sAdhumerugaNi 456, maliga 457, merusudara upAdhyAya 457, maMgala dharma 458, ajJAtakavi kRta maMgalakalazarAsa 458, yazodhara 459, ratnamaMDala gaNi 462, ratnasiMhamUri ziSya, 463, ratnasundara 464, ratnazekhara 465 ratnAkarasUri 466, rAjatilakagaNi 467, rAjaratnasUri 467, rAjazIla 468, lakhamaNa (lakSmaNa) 469, lakhamasIha 471, lalitakIrti 471, lakSmI ratnasUri 472, lakSmIsAgara 472, lakSmIsAgarasUri-ziSya 472, lakSmI kallola 472, labdhisAgarasUri 473, lAbhamaMDana 474, lAvaNyadeva 475, lAvaNyaratna 476, lAvaNyasamaya 477, lAvaNyasiMha 484, lIdho 484, vaccha-vAcho 48., vacchabhaNDArI 487, varasiMha-vIrasiMha 488, vAsaNa 489, vijayasiMha 490, bha0 vijayakIrti 490, vijayagaNi 490, vijayadevasUri 491, vidyAbhUSaNa 492, vidyAdhara 493, vidyAratna 493, vinaya canda (2) 494. vinayacUlA gaNinI 495, vinayabhAva 496, vinayaratna 497, vAcaka vinayasamudra 497, vizAlasundara-ziSya 500, bha0 vIracanda 501, zAMtisUri 503, zivasundara 504, bha0 zubhacandra 505, zubhazIla gaNi 507, zubhavarddhana-ziSya 507, samaracandra (samarasiMha) 508, samaracandra ziSya 509, sarvAGgasundara 510, sahajasundara 510, sarvasundarasUri 514, sAravijaya 514, sAdhukIrti 515, sAdhumeru 515, sAdhuratnasUri 515, sAliga 516, siddhara (zrIdhara) 516, siMhakuzala 517, siMhakula 518, 'siMhadattasUri 519, sIhA 519, sundararAja 520, munisundaramUri 520, munisundarasUri Adi ziSya 520, sUrahaMsa 521, sevaka 521, sevaka (2) 522, A0 somakIrti 523, somakuMjara 525, somacandra 526, somacaritra gaNi 527, somajaya 527, somavimalasUri 527, saubhAgyasAgarasUri ziSya 531, saMghakalaza 532, saMghavimala 532, saMghamANikya ziSya 533, saMyama mUrti 533, saMvegasundara 534, harSakalaza-harSakula (1) 535, harSakula (2) 535, harSa priya upAdhyAya 536, harSamUrti 537. paM0 harizcandra 538, hema vimalasUri 538, hemahaMsagaNi 539, hemakAnti 539, hemadhvaja 540, haMsadhIra 540, haMsasoma 541, zrutakIrti 542, RSivarddhanasUri 542, jJAna (jJAnacandra) 543, bha0 jJAnabhUSaNa 545, jJAnasAgara 547, jJAnAcArya

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( 15 ) 549, ajJAtakavi kRta racanAyeM 551, loka sAhitya 569, jainetara kavi 570 / adhyAya 6-maru-gurjara jaina gadya-sAhitya (13 vIM.-16 vIM zatI taka) __ maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya (sAmAnya paricaya) 572, vacanikA 581, davAvaMta 582 bAta-khyAta 583, maru-gurjara jaina gadya 584, 13vIM aura 14 vI zatAbdI kI gadya racanAyeM 586, zrIsaMgrAmasiMha 586, naracandrasUri 589, 15vIM zatAbdI kA gadya sAhitya 590, kulamaMDana sUri, jayazekharasUri 591, taruNaprabhasUri 592, dayAsiMhagaNi 593, mANikasundarasUri 593, padmanAbha 595, munisundarasUri 596, merutuMgasUri 596, sAdhuratnasUri 596, somasundarasUri 597, hemahaMsagaNi 599, maru-gurjara janasAhitya ( 16vIM zatAbdI ) : abhayadharma upAdhyAya 600, Asacanda 600, udayadhavala 600, udayavallabhasUri 600, kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya 600, kuzalabhuvanagaNi 600, guNadhIragaNi 600, jayacandasUri 601, jayavallabha 601, jinasUri 601 dharmadevagaNi 601, nannasUri 601, upA0 mahimAsAgara 603, mahIratna 603 pAvacandra 603, mANikasUndarasari 604, merusundara 605, raMgaratnopAdhyAya 606, rAjazIla 606, rAjahaMsa 606, vidyAkIrti 606, vizAlarAja 606, zivasundara 606, samaracandra 607, sAdhusundaragaNi 607, saMvegadevagaNi 607, sundarahaMsa 607, harikalaza 608, hemavimalasUri 608 / sandarbha grantha sUcI 612 anukramaNikA 619

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Page #18
prathama adhyAya maru-gurjara kA prArambha aura prAcIna paramparA maru-gurjara kI nirukti bhASAoM ke AvirbhAva aura tirodhAna kI tithi nizcita kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hotA kyoMki pratyeka bhASAe~ pUrvavartI bhASA ke AdhAra para vikasita hokara paravartI bhASA kA rUpa grahaNa karatI haiN| yaha eka anavarata prakriyA hai| vikAsa prakriyA kisI niyata tithi ko ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanA nahIM hai| ataH isa sambandha meM nizcita tArIkha aura mahIne kA ullekha sambhava nahIM hotA, apitu hameM dazakoM aura zatAbdiyoM kI sImA maryAdita karanI par3atI hai| prAyaH sabhI bhASA-vaijJAnika isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI taka zaurasenI yA pazcimI apabhraMza uttara bhArata ke bar3e bhUbhAga kI sAhitya-bhASA rhii| vi0 saM0 kI 11vIM zatAbdI meM racita 'prAkRtapaiMgalam' kI hastalikhita TIkA para TippaNI karate hue sara bhaMDArakara ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki 11vIM zatAbdI taka apabhraMza bhASA kA vikAsa kAla thA aura yaha na kevala sAhityaracanA kA mAdhyama, balki janatA dvArA bolI bhI jAtI thii| isake kucha hI samaya bAda 12vIM zatAbdI meM AcArya hemacandra ne zabdAnuzAsana dvArA ise vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM meM bAMdha diyA aura isakA eka sAhityika rUpa rUr3ha ho gayA jisakA prayoga sAhitya meM saikar3oM varSoM taka bhaviSya meM bhI hotA rahA, kintu janatA kI bolI badalatI rahI aura vaha Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM-hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI Adi ke rUpa meM kramazaH vikasita hone lgii| yaha parivartana kI prakriyA vi0 kI 12vIM se 14vIM zatAbdI 1. The last two forms (the Apabhramsa and the vernacular) must represent the vernacular speech of period when the poets wrote... The forms of the language used by them were the form current about the time of Karna i e. in the first half of the Eleventh cent. zrI mo0 da0 desAI dvArA uddhata "jaina gurjara kavio" bhAga 1 pa0 32 /

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa taka calatI rhii| isa avadhi meM upalabdha sAhitya kI bhASA ko zrI candradhara zarmA gulerI ne 'purAnI hindI' nAma diyA hai| ise hI rAjasthAnI ke vidvAn purAnI rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI ke paMDita purAnI yA junI gujarAtI kahate Aye haiN| kintu saca pUchA jAya to isa avadhi meM hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASAoM kA itanA spaSTa vikAsa nahIM ho sakA thA ki unameM alagAva kiyA jA sake / vastutaH isa kAla meM jo bhASA sAhitya kA mAdhyama thI vaha sarvatra eka hI thii| kevala lekhakoM kI sthAnIya vizeSatAoM kA antara usameM kahIM-kahIM dRSTigocara hai jisake AdhAra para eka hI racanA ko kabhI gujarAtI, kabhI hindI aura kabhI rAjasthAnI ghoSita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| 'nirukti-'maru-gurjara' zabda kA prayoga yahAM do arthoM meM kiyA jA rahA hai| eka to usa sandhikAlIna sAhitya-bhASA ke artha meM, jo apabhraMza ke bAda aura Adhunika hindI-gujarAtI ke pUrva kI madhyavartI yA saMkrAntikAlIna bhASA hai, jisakI kAlAvadhi 11vIM12vIM zatAbdI se prArambha hokara Adhunika Arya-bhASAoM ke udayakAla arthAt 15-16vIM zatAbdI taka vistRta hai| dUsare artha meM maru-gurjara zabda kA prayoga eka bhASA ke lie nahIM balki 16vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke bIca maru pradeza evaM gurjara pradeza kI bhASAoM meM likhe gaye usa samagra bRhad jaina sAhitya ke lie hai jo dhArmika, sAMskRtika aura anya aneka samAnatAoM ke kAraNa ina bhASAoM ke sAhityetihAsa ke graMthoM meM prAyaH samAna rUpa se varNita hotA rahA hai| ___maru-gurjara kA vikAsa-'maru gurjara' yA purAnI hindI kA vikAsa zaurasenI yA mahArASTrI se haA jo vigata kaI zadiyoM se samasta uttara bhArata kI sAhitya-bhASA thii| isake vyApaka prasAra evaM prayoga ke kAraNoM para yathAsthAna vicAra kiyA jAyegA kintu yahAM itanA nivedana karanA Avazyaka hai ki madhyayuga meM rAjapUtoM kA utthAna, unake dvArA vibhinna rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA aura unake darabAroM meM zaurasenI apabhraMza kA sammAna isakI vRddhi kA eka pramukha kAraNa thaa|| - rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta meM jaina dharma kA bhI yatheSTha pracAra evaM sammAna thA ataH 12vIM zatAbdI se 15vIM zatAbdI taka adhikAMza jaina sAhitya maru-gurjara yA purAnI hindI meM likhA gayA jise bhASA kI dRSTi se hama cAheM to maru-gurjara kAla kaha sakate haiN| yaha maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya

Page #20
maru-gurjara kI nirukti kA Adi kAla hai / isake pazcAt 16vIM se 19vIM zatI kI avadhi meM likhe gaye rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASA ke jaina sAhitya ko vidvAnoM ne 'madhyayuga' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai / gurjara jaina sAhitya ke prasiddha itihAsa lekhaka zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI aura rAjasthAnI ke vikhyAta vidvAn zrI agaracanda nAhaTA donoM isa kAla-vibhAjana se sahamata haiN| ataH prastuta graMtha meM maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA abhiprAya 13vIM zatAbdI se lekara 19 vIM zatAbdI ke bIca likhe gaye maru-gurjara bhASA ke samagra jaina sAhitya se hai jisakA itivRtta prastuta karanA isa racanA kA abhISTa hai| ___ maru aura gurjara bhASA ko ekatA-maru-gurjara ke lie vibhinna vidvAnoM ne aneka nAma sujhAye haiM jinameM purAnI hindI, pazcimI rAjasthAnI, junI gujarAtI aura maru-sauraTha AdinAma ullekhanIya haiM kintu ina sabhI zabdoM kA prayoga paryAyavAcI artha meM hI huA hai| mUlataH 12vIM se 15vIM zatAbdI taka inameM bhASA sambandhI koI antara daSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| isa avadhi meM maru aura gurjara donoM bhASAyeM mUlataH eka hI thiiN| prasiddha bhASA-zAstrI griyarsana ne likhA hai ki inakA alagAva Adhunika kAla kI bAta hai, ye donoM eka hI bhASA kI do boliyAM haiN|' purAnI hindI aura maru tathA gurjara bhASAoM kI tatkAlIna ekatA para DaoN0 ela0 pI0 TessItorI aura DaoN0 sunIti kumAra cATuA prabhRti bhASAvidoM ne bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA hai / DaoN0 cATuA ne ise prAcIna maru yA rAjasthAnI kahA hai| unhoMne isakI prazaMsA meM kahA hai ki isakA sAhitya, vizeSataH mAravAr3I kA bar3A sampanna hai|' unakA yaha kathana ki rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI kA udgama srota eka hI prAcIna pazcimI rAja 1. The differentiation of Gujarati from modern dialect of Rajasthani is quite modern. Gujarati and Rajasthani are hence very closely connected and are infact little more than variant dialects of one and same language'. George Grierson-Linguistic Survey of India, Vol. I p. 170. 2. Gujarati and Rajasthani are derived from and onethe same source dialect to which the name old western Rajasthani has been given" Dr. Suniti Chatterjee 'Origin and Development of Bengali Language,' p. 9,

Page #21
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sthAnI hai, aMzataH hI satya aura svIkArya hai| itanA to zata-pratizata sahI hai ki donoM kA udgama srota eka hai kintu vaha srota pazcimI rAjasthAnI hai isase sabhI vidvAn sahamata nahIM haiM balki donoM ko pazcimI zaurasenI yA mahArASTrI apabhraMza se vikasita batAte haiM / ___ DaoN0 ela0 pI0 TessItorI bhI purAnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI aura purAnI hindI meM nikaTa sambandha svIkAra karate haiM kyoMki ve donoM kA mUla srota zaurasenI ko mAnate haiM / zaurasenI prAkRta se zaurasenI apabhraMza aura isase eka ora hindI kI boliyAM-brajabhASA, khar3I bolI Adi tathA dUsarI ora usake eka prAdezika rUpa nAgara yA mahArASTrI apabhraMza se gujarAtI aura pazcimI rAjasthAnI kA vikAsa huA hai| isase jAhira hai ki rAjasthAnI aura hindI kA mUlasrota bhI eka hI hai / prAyaH adhikatara sAhityetihAsa ke graMthoM meM rAjasthAnI ko hindI ke sAtha hI ginA jAtA rahA hai / rAjasthAnI, hindI aura gurjara kI isI ekarUpatA ke kAraNa inakI prAcIna racanAoM ko purAnI hindI, junI-gujarAtI yA maru-gurjara nAma diyA gayA hai| ___AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne likhA hai ki 15vIM zatAbdI taka hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI jaisA vibhAjana nahIM thaa| usa samaya kI bhASA ko purAnI hindI hI kahanA ucita hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne apane prasiddha graMtha 'maru-gurjara kavio' meM likhA hai "junI hindI, junI gujarAtI, junI rAjasthAnI zabda kRtrima aura bhedabuddhi ko bar3hAne vAle haiN| kavitA kI bhASA isa kSetra kI prAyaH eka hI rahI hai| jisa taraha nAnaka se lekara dakSiNa ke haridAsa kI bhASA kabhI brajabhASA kahalAtI thI usI prakAra apabhraMza ke pazcAt kI sAhitya-bhASA ko pUrAnI hindI yA jUnI gujarAtI kahA gyaa| mIrA kI bhASA ko gujarAtI, hindI aura mAravAr3I tInoM kahA jAtA hai| yadi chApekhAnoM kA pracAra, prAntIyatA kA atirikta moha aura muslimoM dvArA phArasI akSaroM ke thopane kA Agraha na hotA to hindI svAbhAvika rUpa se samasta deza kI bhASA bana cukI hotii|'4 1. DaoN0 ela0 pI0 TessItorI 'purAnI rAjasthAnI' pa0 7 2. hindI sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 3 pR0 411 (nA0 pra0 sabhA0) 3. A0 vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, hindI sAhitya kA atIta bhAga 1, pR0 79 4. zrI mo0 da0 desAI 'maru-gurjara kavio' bhAga 1 10 14

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ne kahA hai ki 12vIM se 15vIM zatAbdI taka kA jaina sAhitya maru-gurjara sAhitya kahA jAtA hai / bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha kAla maru-gurjara kAla aura usa kAla kA sAhitya maru-gurjara sAhitya hai| AcArya candradhara zarmA 'gulerI' ne AcArya hemacandra ke 'siddhahaima' se eka dohA uddha ta karake use purAnI hindI kA namUnA batAyA hai jisake pracalita rAjasthAnI rUpa se tulanA karane para use hama rAjasthAnI kA dohA AsAnI se kaha sakate haiM / vaha dohA isa prakAra hai 'vAyasu uDDAvantia aM, piu diTThau sahasatti / adhyyA valaya mahihi gayA, addhA phuTTa taDatti / isakA pracalita rAjasthAnI rUpa dekhiye-- kAga uDAvaNa jAvatI piya dITho sahasatti / AdhI cUr3I kAgagala Adhi TUTi taDatti / gulerI jI ne vyaMgya-vinodapUrNa apanI zailI meM isakA artha batAte huye likhA hai ki car3I ke kAgagala meM jAne se azubha kA bhaya bhI khatma ho gayA aura nizAnA bhI ThIka baiTha gayA / ' sArAMza yaha ki prAcIna rAjasthAnI yA maru-gurjara kA eka hI udgama srota aura eka hI prasAra-kSetra hone ke kAraNa unameM eka nizcita avadhi taka paryApta samAnatA rahI hai / apabhraMza se udbhUta isa saMkramaNakAlIna bhASA ko purAnI hindI yA maru-gurjara athavA rAjasthAnI yA junI-gujarAtI Adi nAma dene se kucha tAttvika antara nahIM aataa| gulerI jI ne vahIM likhA hai "apabhraMza eka deza kI bhASA nahIM thii| kahIM-kahIM naharoM kA par3osa hone se use nahara ke nAma se bhale hI pukArate hoM kintu vaha dezabhara kI bhASA thI jo naharoM ke samAnAntara bahatI calI jAtI thii| vaidikabhASA, saccI saMskRta, saccI prAkRta, apabhraMza, purAnI hindI, hindI, deza kI eka hI bhASA rahI hai| paMDitoM kI saMskRta, vaiyAkaraNoM kI yA nATakoM kI prAkRta, mahArASTrI yA aise hI nAma ke apabhraMza, pazcimI rAjasthAnI yA purAnI gujarAtI saba isakI sideshadow's haiM, naTa kI nyArI-nyArI bhUmikAyeM haiN|' 1. DA0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI-rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA sAmAnya paricaya 2. A0 gulerI 'purAnI hindI' pR. 76 3. vahI

Page #23
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne apane prasiddha graMtha 'hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla' meM maru-gurjara bhASA aura jaina sAhitya ke sambandha meM vicAra vyakta karate hue likhA hai 'usa samaya kI hindI aura rAjasthAnI meM itanA rUpabheda nahIM thA jitanA Ajakala hai| yadi kahA jAya ki ve eka hI thIM to atyukti na hogii| ve Age likhate haiM ki rAjasthAna ke sAhitya kA sambandha sirpha hindI se hI nahIM hai, eka ora usakA avicchedya sambandha hindI se hai to dUsarI ora usakA ghaniSTha sambandha gujarAtI se bhI hai| kabhI-kabhI eka hI racanA ko eka vidvAn purAnI rAjasthAnI kahatA hai to dUsarA vidvAn use junI gujarAtI kaha detA hai| isa purAnI rAjasthAnI yA junI gujarAtI meM donoM hI pradezoM kI bhASA ke pUrvarUpa. milate haiM aura prAkRta-apabhraMza kA rUpa to inameM milA hI rahatA hai| aneka jaina kaviyoM ne isa prakAra ke sAhitya kI racanA kI hai|'' ___DaoN0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ne 'hindI sAhitya ke bRhad itihAsa' meM likhA hai ki hama junI gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kI kRtiyoM ko jinameM dezI bhASA kA prayoga sarvaprathama huA hindI kI AdyakRtiyAM mAnanA caaheNge| anyatra unhoMne spaSTa kiyA hai ki 'akhila uttarIbhArata kI tatkAlIna sAhityika bhASA pazcimI apabhraMza mUlataH zaurasenI kA vaha paravartI rUpa hai, jo gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM bolI jAne vAlI boliyoM se mizrita ho gayA thaa| isI ko vaiyAkaraNoM ne nAgara apabhraMza ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki junI gujarAtI aura purAnI rAjasthAnI kA pUrva rUpa gaurjara apabhraMza hai jo zaurasenI kA eka sthAnIya svarUpa hai / isI gaurjara yA nAgara apabhraMza (pazcimI zaurasenI) se gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura pazcimI hindI kA apane-apane kSetroM meM vikAsa huA aura purAnI hindI ke antargata hI purAnI rAjasthAnI, junI gujarAtI aura purAnI mahArASTrI kA samAveza mAnanA caahie| isI saMkramaNakAlIna bhASA kA nAma maru gurjara rakhA gayA hai| zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina ne 'hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa' meM apanA mata vyakta karate hue likhA hai-'jise Aja hama hindI kahate haiM vaha pahale dezabhASA athavA bhAkhA ke nAma se prasiddha thii|' bhASA bhaktAmara kahane se pratyeka jainI 'bhASA' kA artha hindI samajha jaayegaa| AdikAla meM 1. A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI 'hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla' pR. 9, 11 2. DaoN0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa, hindI sA0 kA bR0 i0, bhAga 1pR 237

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti apabhraMza mizrita pUrAnI hindI kI racanAyeM milatI haiN| dhIre-dhIre apabhraMza purAnI hindI yA junI gujarAtI ke rUpa meM pariNata ho rahI thii| dharmasUri kRta jambU svAmI rAsA kI bhASA ko sva0 dalAlajI ne junI gujarAtI aura zrI nAthUrAma premI ne purAnI hindI kahA hai, aura donoM hI ThIka haiM kyoMki junI gujarAtI aura purAnI hindI do bhASAyeM nahIM haiM balki eka hI haiM jinheM hama maru-gurjara kaha rahe haiN|' __jaina gurjara sAhitya ke Adhunika adhyetA DaoN0 harIza kA kathana hai ki nAgara apabhraMza se vikasita hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kA 13vIM, 14vIM aura 15vIM zatAbdI (vikrama) meM to aikya hai hI Age 16vIM, 17vIM zatAbdiyoM meM bhI ina tInoM bhASAoM meM sAdhAraNa prAntIya bhedoM ko chor3akara koI bar3A bhASAvaijJAnika antara nahIM milatA, isalie Age bhI inake sAhitya kA itihAsa eka jaisA hI hai aura inakA ekatra varNana saMgata hai|' ve Age likhate haiM ki apabhraMza kA prayoga rAjasthAna, gujarAta, magadha aura mahArASTra meM adhika huaa| isameM se rAjasthAna, mAlavA aura gujarAta meM vyavahRta apabhraMza Age calakara (12vIM zatAbdI) 'maru-gurjara' bhASA ke rUpa meM vikasita huI aura isI meM adhikAMza jaina sAhitya racA gyaa| dhanapAla kRta 'satyapurIya mahAvIra utsAha' (11-12vIM) isa bhASA kI prAcInatama racanA hai| yaha eka ullAsapradhAna gIta hai jise hama apabhraMza aura hindI ke bIca kI mahattvapUrNa kar3I mAnate haiM / zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ise prAcIna marubhASA kI racanA batAte haiM aura zrI mo0 da0 desAI ise junI gujarAtI kI prAcIna kRti ghoSita karate haiN| muni jinavijaya jI ne ise gujarAtI kI sabase prAcIna racanA batAyA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki yaha na kevala hindI, rAjasthAnI yA akele gujarAtI kI prAcInatama racanA hai balki tInoM kI samAna rUpa se pUrvaja hai jise 'maru-gurjara' kI prAcIna racanA mAnanA adhika yUktisaMgata hai / yaha kRti sAMcaura meM sthita mahAvIra kI usa mUrti para AdhArita hai jisake AkramaNakAriyoM ke hAthoM naSTa hone se baca jAne para bhaktoM kA utsAha ubhar3a par3A thaa| isIlie ise utsAha kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se isakA bar3A mahatva hai aura yaha paravartI apabhraMza tathA Adhunika dezI bhASAoM ko jor3anevAlI mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai| 1. zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina, hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa 2. DA. harIza, AdikAlIna hindI-sAhitya-zodha

Page #25
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bahad itihAsa zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne hemacandra ke sandarbha meM likhA hai ki unhoMne apanI vRtti meM udAharaNasvarUpa chaMda-dohA Adi dekara tatkAlIna sAhitya-bhASA kA namUnA jIvita bacA rakhane kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| inheM apabhraMza kA udAharaNa kahA jAtA hai kintu te te samayanI junI hindI gujarAtI nA ja che / ' / isase usa samaya kI purAnI hindI 'marugurjara, sAhitya ke pracAra-prasAra kA aura maru-gurjara bhASA ke vAstavika rUpa kA patA calatA hai| zrI nAthUrAma premI ne saptama hindI sAhitya sammelana ke avasara para jabalapura meM apane bhASaNa ke daurAna kahA thA ki purAnI hindI, pazcimI avahaTTa yA junI gujarAtI to prAntabheda se eka hI bhASA ke alaga-alaga paryAyavAcI nAma haiN| isalie 15vIM-16vIM zatAbdI taka kA jaina sAhitya ina tInoM prAntoM kA eka hI hai| Age calakara zvetAmbarI sAhitya mukhya rUpa se rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI meM tathA digambarI sAhitya hindI meM likhA gyaa| digambara sampradAya meM adhikatara lekhaka gahastha yA zrAvaka haiM jo apane ko navIna racanA kA adhikArI nahIM mAnate, ataH inakA adhikAMza sAhitya anUdita hai / maulika sAhitya kI vipula sAmagrI zvetAmbara jainAcAryoM dvArA likhita hai| anta meM rAjasthAnI ke prasiddha lekhaka zrI agaracanda nAhaTA kA vicAra uddhata karake yaha spaSTa karanA cAhatA hU~ ki 'maru-gurjara zabda kA prayoga purAnI hindI, prAcIna rAjasthAnI aura junI gujarAtI ke artha meM hI huA hai| zrI nAhaTA jI kA mata hai ki tatkAlIna rAjasthAnI mAlavA-gujarAta taka pracalita thI isalie use maru-gurjara kahanA adhika upayukta hai| ise hI purAnI hindI aura junI gujarAtI bhI kahate haiM / '3 13vIM zatAbdI kI racanAoM kI bhASA ke sambandha meM nAhaTA jI ne likhA hai ki kucha kI bhASA apabhraza prabhAvita rAjasthAnI hai aura kucha kI bolacAla kI rAjasthAnI hai| inameM se kucha rAjasthAna ke alAvA gujarAta meM racI gaI hai, parantu donoM sthAnoM meM racI gaI racanAoM meM bhASA kA kucha antara nahIM hai|' 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jaina gurjara ka0 bhAga 1 10 103 2. zrI nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa 3. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravapUrNa paramparA pR0 18-19 4. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA AdikAla paramparA pR0 197

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti isa kAlAvadhi ke tamAma lekhakoM-zAlibhadrasUri, vijayasenasUri aura vinayacandasUri Adi ko DaoN0 motIlAla menAriyA ne rAjasthAnI kA kavi batAyA hai jabaki hindI ke prasiddha sAhitya - itihAsa graMtha 'mizrabandhu'vinoda' meM inakI bhASA ko purAnI hindI batAyA hai / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba eka hI racanA ko bhinna-bhinna vidvAn hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI kI racanA batAte haiM to isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki parokSa rUpa se ve loga inakI ekatA svIkAra karate haiM / yaha sthiti 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke kucha bAda taka bhI banI rahI aura inameM itanA kama antara hai ki prAyaH ekatA kA AbhAsa hotA hai / udayavanta muni kRta 'gautamarAsA (vi0 saM0 1412 ) kI bhASA utanI hI hindI hai jitanI gujarAtI / isI prakAra kalyANamunikRta 'devarAja vaccharAja caupai' (vi0 saM0 1643) aura mAlakavi kRta 'purandara kumAra caupai' bahuta kAla taka gujarAtI kI racanAyeM mAnI jAtI rahIM parantu bAda meM munijinavijayajI ne inheM hindI kA grantha ghoSita kiyA hai / ataH 13vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI taka kI samasta jaina racanAoM ko maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya ke antargata hI parigaNita karanA ucita hai / 12vIM - 13vIM zatAbdI meM apabhraMza se vikasita yaha maru-gurjara bhASA eka navajAta zizu ke samAna thI jisakA koI sthira rUpa nahIM thA / isake aneka sthAnIya aura parivartanazIla rUpa pracalita the / yaha janabhASA sAhitya kI sUkSma abhivyaktiyoM kA bhAravahana karane meM usa samaya asamartha thI ataH isameM apabhraMza kI zailiyoM kA anugamana hotA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki Age bhI bahuta samaya taka maru- gurjara ke sAtha apabhraMza kA samAnAntara prayoga pracalita rahA / sArAMza yaha ki isa kAla kI bhASA meM prAcIna kAla se AtI huI apabhraMza ke sAtha maru aura gurjara tathA purAnI hindI ke rUpa eka sAtha prayukta hote dikhAI par3ate haiM / phalataH eka hI racanA ko koI apabhraMza kI, koI rAjasthAnI, koI gujarAtI aura koI hindI kI racanA ghoSita kara detA hai / jekobI ne bhaviSyadatta kathA aura neminAthacarita kI bhASA ko gurjara apabhraMza kahA hai, kintu kucha dUsare vidvAn ise avahaTTa, avahaMsa, prAkRta aura SaTmaMjarI Adi nAma bhI dete haiM / vidyApati ne avahaTTa ko desila bayanA, aura 'saba jana miTThA' kahA hai / lagatA hai ki sthAnabheda ke anusAra apabhraMza se Age kI dezI bhASAoM ke bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para bhinna-bhinna rUpa aura nAma pracalita hone lage the /

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10 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa __ maru-gurjara kI utpatti -'maru-gurjara' zabda yaugika hai jo maru aura gurjara ke yoga se banA hai / ataH ina zabdoM kA yahIM para paricaya denA bhI samIcIna hogaa| ye donoM zabda pradeza, bhASA aura sAhitya ke lie prayukta hue haiM ataH inakA paricaya uparokta tInoM AyAmoM meM diyA jaayegaa| maru-rAjasthAna kA sabase bar3A bhAga maru pradeza yA mAravAr3a hai| isa pradeza kI bhASA kA prAcIna nAma marubhASA yA maruvANI prApta hotA hai| TessItorI kI DiMgala yahI marubhASA hai| yaha eka mahattvapUrNa bhASA thii| jainAcArya udyotanasUri kRta kuvalayamAlA (vi0 saM0 835) meM prAdezika bhASAoM ke namUnoM ke sAtha marubhASA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| abulaphajala ne 'AIna-e-akabarI meM mAravAr3I bhASA ko tatkAlIna bhASAoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| isakA sAhitya prAcIna aura samRddha hai kintu yaha samasyA bhI hai ki rAjasthAna kI kisa bolI ko rAjasthAnI kahA jaay| rAjasthAna meM sAmantI-sthiti bahuta dinoM taka banI rahI, pUjIvAda kA vikAsa yahAM bAda meM huA, ataH bhinna-bhinna rAjasthAnI riyAsatoM meM vahAM kI sthAnIya bolI-bhASA ko protsAhana diyA gayA, samagra rAjasthAna meM kisI eka bolI ko sAhityika gaurava nahIM diyA gayA / phalataH samUce rAjasthAna meM bahuta samaya taka purAnI hindI yA DiMgalapiMgala meM kAvya racanA hotI rhii| ___ svatantratApUrva rAjasthAna ke vibhinna pradezoM ke alaga-alaga nAma the jinameM jAMgala, sapAdalakSa, matsya, medapATa, bAgar3a, gurjaratrA aura maru vizeSa prasiddha the| aMgrejoM ne tamAma choTe-choTe rAjyoM ko eka rAjanItika ikAI meM bAMdhakara isa samUha kA nAma rAjapUtAnA rakhA / san 1900 I0 meM jArja TAmasa ne 'miliTrI memaoNyarsa' meM rAjasthAna zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isake uparAnta karnala TaoNDa ne rAjasthAna kA itihAsa likhA jo ati prAcIna aura gauravazAlI hai| prAcIna maMdiroM, mUrtiyoM aura zilAlekhoM kI prApti yahAM sarvAdhika saMkhyA meM huI hai| yahAM ke rAjadarabAroM meM dezI bhASA-sAhitya, saMgIta aura kalAoM ko paryApta prazraya milaa| yahAM atiprAcInakAla se sAhitya sRjana kA kArya prArambha hone kA pramANa prApta hotA hai / yahIM sarasvatI nadI ke kinAre RSiyoM ne RcAyeM likhIM, maharSi kapila ne yahIM sAMkhya mata kA pravartana kiyA / yahAM puskara, zrImAla Adi atiprAcIna tIrtha haiN| yahAM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, purAnI hindI evaM rAjasthAnI meM

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11 maru-gurjara kI nirukti racita vizAla sAhitya kI samRddha paramparA hai jo jIvana ke sabhI pakSoM se sambaddha hai| isa sAhitya ke sarjaka mukhyatayA jaina sAdhu, vidvAn evaM AcArya haiN| inake atirikta rAjAzrita bhAToM, cAraNoM aura sabhApaMDitoM ke dvArA bhI prabhUta sAhitya likhA gayA hai jisameM gadya aura padya donoM vidhAyeM upalabdha haiN| yaha to pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM gurjaratrA bhI mAravAr3a meM sammilita thaa| rAjasthAna ke kaur3IDavAne aura zrImAlapura se prApta zilAlekhoM se isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| bhAratIya svatantratA prApti ke pazcAt AbU ko lekara vivAda khar3A huaa| tatkAlIna gRhamaMtrI saradAra paTela ke prabhAva se yaha bhAga usa samaya gujarAta meM sammilita kara diyA gyaa| kintu bAda meM rAjasthAna sarakAra ne aneka prAcIna pramANoM ke AdhAra para ise rAjasthAna kA aMga siddha kiyA aura yaha punaH rAjasthAna meM sammilita kara diyA gyaa| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta kI vibhAjaka rekhA cAhe vaha rAjanItika, bhASika yA bhaugolika ho bahuta kAla taka milI julI thI, donoM kI ekatA ke pramANa adhika sulabha haiN| pUrvI rAjasthAna ke DhUDhAr3a aura har3autI kSetroM kA braja-bhUmi se sAmIpya hone ke kAraNa yahAM kI bhASA para Age calakara brajabhASA kA vyApaka prabhAva par3A, isalie yahAM kI sAhitya-bhASA braja aura rAjasthAnI kI milI julI mizra bhASA rahI hai| isa sAhitya ko maru-gurjara yA purAnI hindI kA sAhitya hI kahA jAtA rahA hai| isa prakAra rAjasthAna ke eka ora hindI kSetra se aura dUsarI ora gujarAtI kSetra se ghaniSThatApUrvaka jur3A hone ke kAraNa rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI bhASA para hindI aura gujarAtI kA prabhAva adhika dikhAI par3atA hai| isalie isake kaI nAma bhI milate haiN| TessItorI ne jise DiMgala kahA thA vaha vIrarasAtmaka sAhitya ke lie cAraNoM dvArA prayukta vizeSa oja-guNasampanna bhASA-zailI thI aura madhuraguNa sampanna zRgAra-karuNa Adi rasoM kI racanA ke lie isI kI dUsarI komala zailI piMgala kahI jAtI thii| hama use DiMgala, piMgala, rAjasthAnI, purAnI hindI Adi jisa bhI nAmase pukAreM, sabakA matalaba 'maru-gurjara' se hai / rAjasthAnI kI nijI vizeSatAyeM pazcimI rAjasthAnI yA mAravAr3I meM hI surakSita hai; udAharaNArtha bhojaprabandha kA nimna dohA draSTavya hai| isameM yuddha meM parA1. banate bana chipatau phirau, gahvara banaha nikUja / bhUkhau bhojana mAMgibA, govali Ayau muMja / uddha ta jaina gu. ka. bhAga 1 pR.88

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"12 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jita muja kI dayanIya dazA kA varNana hai| isakI bhASA ko apabhraMza, marugurjara yA purAnI hindI bhI kahA jAtA hai| ____ gurjara-yaha khetI aura pazupAlana karane vAlI jAtI thii| hanacyAMga ne (7vIM zatI) gurjara deza ke varNana meM bhInamAla yA zrImAla ko usakI rAja'dhAnI batAyA hai| sAtavIM se navIM zatAbdI ke bIca jodhapUra rAjya se saTA "pradeza gurjara, gurjaratrA yA gujarAta kahA jAne lagA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa pradeza kA yaha nAma gurjara jAti ke AdhAra para hI par3A hogA / isa prakAra ke anya nAmakaraNoM ke udAharaNa mauja da haiM, jaise mAlava jAti ke nAma para mAlavA, rAjapUtoM ke nAma para rAjapUtAnA yA zekhAvata ke AdhAra para zekhAvatI Adi nAmakaraNa ullekhanIya haiN| kaniMghama ne gurjaroM ko yUcI yA kuzANavaMzI batAyA hai| vinsenTa smitha inakI gaNanA hUNoM meM karate haiN| jo ho, inhIM gujaroM ke nAma para yaha pradeza gujarAta khlaayaa| isakA madhyakAlIna itihAsa dekhane se mAlUma hotA hai ki pahale cAvar3AvaMza, tatpazcAt cAlukya yA solaMkI vaMza, phira baghelA vaMza ke bAda yahAM musalamAnoM kA zAsana sthApita huaa| gurjara bhASA--yaha sapramANa siddha ho cukA hai ki hemacandrAcArya ke samaya taka isa pradeza meM apabhraMza (nAgara) bhASA bolI jAtI thii| isake bAda 13vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke bIca yahAM bhI maru-gurjara bhASA meM jaina sAhitya likhA jAne lagA / gujarAtI bhASA ke prasiddha vidvAn brajalAlajI jhAverI kA kathana hai ki gujarAtI kA sambandha vizeSataH purAnI hindI se hai| gujarAta ke itihAsa-lekhaka phArbasa ne likhA hai ki gujarAta ke loga uttara bhArata se idhara aaye| ataH junI gujarAtI purAnI hindI kA hI nAmAntara siddha hotI hai| zrI prANazaMkara jI upAdhyAya nAmaka eka gujarAtI vidvAn ko uddha ta karate hue zrI bhAskara rAmacandra bhAlerAva ne apane lekha 'gujarAta kA hindI sAhitya' meM likhA hai "emA kazo zaka nathI ke gujarAtI bhASA para brajabhASAno prabhAva paDyo na hota, to Aje gujarAtI bhASAnu kAI bIja ja svarUpa badhAyo hot| ___ vi0 13vIM zatAbdI se maru-gurjara bhASA gujarAta meM apanA Adhunika rUpa grahaNa karane lagI jisake kAraNoM para Age prakAza DAlA jaayegaa| saMskRta ke tatsama zabda bhASA meM bar3hane lge| jaina lekhaka yathAzakti aise 1. mAdhurI, varSa 5 khaNDa 2

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maru- gurjara kI nirukti 13 zabdoM ke prayoga bacate avazya the kintu ve sahaja rUpa se Ate hI gaye / bhakti Andolana ke kAraNa isa pravRtti ko bar3A bala milA; ataH kAvyabhASA meM kucha kAla taka tatsama aura tadbhava rUpa eka sAtha calate rahe jaise vidhubainI aura candravadani, loyana aura locana; maina aura madana, cariu aura carita Adi / zrI gulerI jI ne likhA hai ki 7vIM se 8vIM zatAbdI meM apabhraMza ke do rUpa the; eka pariniSThita, jisakA sAhitya meM prayoga hotA thA, dUsarI lokabhASA, racanAyeM isameM bhI hotI thI aura isa lokabhASA meM hI maru-gurjara (purAnI hindI) ke bIja prApta hote haiM aura yahI Aja kI hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI kI jananI hai|' gujarAta meM jaina sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM likhA gayA, sAtha hI jainetara vizeSatayA vaiSNava sAhitya bhI kama nahIM likhA gayA / hindI ke vikAsa meM to svAmI dayAnanda, lallU jI lAla aura ma. gAMdhIjI ke yogadAna ko kabhI bhulAyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| ____maru-gurjara kI ekatA kA AdhAra- vaivAhika sambandha, vyApAra, tIrthayAtrA Adi ke dvArA eka sthAna kI bhASA dUsare sthAna taka phailatI hai| gurjara aura rAjasthAnI vyApArI varga tathA jaina dharmAvalambI sAdhusamAja ne bhASA-ekatA ko sudRr3ha kiyaa| jaina muni donoM pradezoM meM nirantara vihAra karate the| rAjasthAnI jainazrAvaka bhI vyApAra aura AjIvikA ke lie adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM gujarAta jAkara bse| vaise bhI mAlavA kI bolI rAjasthAnI kA hI eka rUpa hai| isalie donoM pradezoM kI bhASA meM paryApta sAmya svAbhAvika hai| gujarAta aura mAravAr3a kI sImAyeM milI huI haiN| isalie donoM pradezoM kI bhASA racanA meM 13vIM zatAbdI taka spaSTa bheda nahIM dikhAI pdd'taa| jainadharma ke kucha gacchoM kA prabhAva gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai ataH aise gacchoM ke lekhakoM kI bhASA meM svabhAvataH rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI ke prayoga samAna rUpa se prApta hote haiN| isalie maru-gurjara ke AdikAla (13vIM se 15vIM vi0) kI racanAoM meM bhASA ke AdhAra para sthAnabheda kara sakanA asambhava hai| madhyakAla (16vIM se 19vIM vi0) kI bhI una tamAma racanAoM ko, jinameM racanAsthAna kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai, rAjasthAnI yA gujarAtI bhASA kI racanA ghoSita karanA kaThina kArya hai| 15vIM zatAbdI ke bAda janabhASAyeM apaneapane pradezoM meM apanA svatantra vikAsa avazya karane lagI thIM parantu unameM zabda evaM prayoga sAmya itanA adhika hai ki unakI spaSTa pahacAna nahIM 1. zrI ca0 za0 gulerI-purAnI hindI pR0 12

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bana pAtI / ataH donoM bhASAoM ke sAhityetihAsa ke granthoM meM prAyaH eka hI kavi ko donoM ne apanA-apanA lekhaka ghoSita kiyA hai / sva0 a0 ca0 nAhaTA isalie spaSTa kahate haiM ki rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya ko gujarAtI sAhitya se pRthaka karane meM bar3I kaThinAI hai| yaha sthiti AdikAla meM hI nahIM varan madhyakAla meM bhI bahuta kucha banI rhii| ina donoM kAloM meM donoM pradezoM kI sAMskRtika tathA dhArmika ekatA ke AdhAra parabhASAI,ekatA majabuta haI, sAtha hI ina pradezoM kI bhASAoM kA mUlasrota bhI eka hI bhASA-pazcimI zaurasenI hone ke kAraNa unameM maulika aikya svAbhAvika rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| saM0 1225 ke AsapAsa likhita vajrasenasUrikRta 45 padyoM kI racanA 'bharatezvarabAhubali ghora' ke AdhAra para racita vajrasena ke paTTadhara zAlibhadra sUrikRta 'bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa' kI bhASA spaSTa maru-gurjara kA prAcIna udAharaNa hai| jise gujarAtI rAja. sthAnI yA purAnI hindI kahA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta somaprabha kRta kumArapAlapratibodha aura madhyayugIna ( jahA~gIrakAlIna ) jainAcArya bhAnucandra Adi kI bhASA ke namUne 'tuma pAsithiI mohi sUkha bahata hoiI' Adi isa prakAra kI bhASA aikya ke anya udAharaNa haiN| mAladeva ne bhojaprabandha kA nimna dohA prastuta karake yaha siddha kiyA hai ki yaha racanA hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI tInoM bhASAoM kI hai "gokula kAI gvArinI U~cI baiThI khATi, sAta putra sAtau bahU dahI vilovati mATi / ' isa prakAra tInoM bhASAoM kI ekatA kA puSTa AdhAra hameM aneka sAkSyoM se prApta hotA hai| 'maru-gurjara' zabda kI upayuktatA-isake lie pUrva pracalita zabda "purAnI hindI' meM ativyApti doSa pratIta hotA hai kyoMki zrI gulerI jI aura zrI rAhala jI jaise vidvAn maru-gurjara pradeza meM racita 10 vIM zatAbdI saka kI samasta racanAoM ko purAnI hindI ke antargata parigaNita kara lete haiM / Adhunika vidvAna DaoN. motIlAla menAriyA bhI ina pradezoM ke samasta jainesara sAhitya (DiMgala, piMgala kAvya sAhitya) ko hindI kA sAhitya mAnate haiM jisase ina pradezoM ke vidvAn sahamata nahIM ho pAte, ataH zrI desAI jI aura zrI nAhaTA jI jaise vidvAn ise maru-gurjara kahanA hI adhika samIcIna 1. zrI a0 ca. nAhaTA-'madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya paramparA', pRSTha 53

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti mAnate haiN| 'AdikAlIna rAjasthAnI jainasAhitya' meM sva0 a0 ca. nAhaTA kA spaSTa abhimata hai ki 13 vIM se 19 vIM zatAbdI ke bIca rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI meM likhA gayA samasta jaina sAhitya maru-gurjara jainasAhitya hai / purAnI hindI nAmakaraNa kucha thor3I sI jainetara racanAoM jaise 'ukti vyakti prakaraNa', 'prAkRtapaiMgalam' aura kIrtilatA Adi ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA thA, kintu inake bAda jaina bhAMDAroM se apAra jaina sAhitya prApta haA hai jo maru aura gurjara yA maru gurjara bhASA meM racita hai ataH isa samasta sAhitya kA sarvAdhika upayukta nAma 'maru gurjara' hI hai / maru-gurjara jainasAhitya kA kAla-vibhAjana-- vaise to kuvalayamAlAkathA meM hI maru aura gurjara kA ullekha milatA hai kintu vastutaH maru gurjara meM kAvya racanA 13 vIM zatAbdI se prArambha hotI hai / vi0 13 vIM se 15 vIM zatAbdI taka apabhraMza ke sAtha yA apabhraMza prabhAvita maru-gurjara kA sAhitya bhASA ke rUpa meM prayoga hotA rhaa| ataH maru-gurjara kA AdikAla saM0 1201 se saM0 1500 taka mAnya hai| isake pazcAt saM0 1501 se saM0 1900 taka maru-gurjara kA madhyakAla mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki isa kAlAvadhi meM racita maru aura gurjara janasAhitya meM bahaterI samAnatAyeM haiN| kAlavibhAjana ke sambandha meM adhikatara vidvAna isa mata ke samarthaka haiN| zrI narottamadAsa ne 'kisanarukmiNI rI beli' kI prastAvanA meM rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA AdikAla saM 1150 se saM0 1550 taka mAnA hai| DaoN. motIlAla menAriyA ne 'rAjasthAnI sAhitya' meM AdikAla saM0 1050 se 1450 taka mAnA hai| DaoN. jagadIza prasAda ne 'DiMgala sAhitya' meM saM0 1300 se 1650 taka AdikAla kI avadhi batAI hai jo adhikatara vidvAnoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ne bhI prAcIna yA AdikAla saM0 1500 taka hI mAnA hai| ataH AdikAla 15 vIM zatAbdI taka aura 16 vIM se 19 vIM taka madhyakAla prAyaH sarvamAnya hai| 20 vIM zatAbdI se ina bhASAoM kA sAhitya sarvathA bhinna rUpa grahaNa karatA hai ataH Adhunika kAlIna sAhitya ko eka 'maru-gurjara' zIrSaka ke antargata sameTanA na to saMgata hai aura na saMbhava / yaha ullekhanIya hai ki yaha kAla 'vibhAjana kisI yuga kI kisI vizeSa sAhityika pravRtti kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai kyoMki jainasAhitya sarvatra zAntarasa pradhAna aura dharmabhAvanA pravaNa hai jisameM mahApuruSoM ke caritroM ke mAdhyama se dharmopadeza kI pravRtti hI pradhAna rahI hai| ataH kAlavibhAjana kA AdhAra pravRtti nahIM

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16 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhASA hI hai| zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 meM gurjara sAhitya kA kAla vibhAjana pramukha lekhakoM ke AdhAra para somasundara yuga, hIravijaya yuga aura yazovijaya yuga Adi nAmoM se kiyA hai kintu yaha nirvivAda nahIM hai| isa prasaMga meM eka udAharaNa paryApta hogaa| hIravijaya jI ke samakAlIna AcArya jinacandra ko kharataragacchIya yuga pradhAna mAnate haiM aura usa kAla ke jaina sAhitya kA nAmakaraNa unake nAma para karanA cAheM to anucita nahIM hai| isI prakAra anya bhI kAraNa haiN| ataH kAlakramAnusAra hI isa pustaka meM itihAsa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura usI ke AdhAra para kAlavibhAjana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| __ maru-gurjara ke prati udAsInatA-hindI ke prasiddha samIkSaka AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne apane prasiddha itihAsa graMtha meM isa sAhitya ko upadezapradhAna mAna kara chor3a diyA, parantu isameM korI upadezaparaka racanAyeM hI nahIM haiM balki sAhityika sarasatA bhI bharapUra prApta hotI hai| A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne isakI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki isa sAhitya ko aneka kAraNoM se sAhitya ke itihAsa-granthoM meM sammilita kiyA jAnA cAhiye; korA dharmopadeza samajha kara chor3a nahIM denA caahiye| "dharma vahA~ kevala kavi ko preraNA de rahA hai| jisa sAhitya meM kevala dhArmika upadeza ho usase vaha sAhitya nizcita rUpa meM bhinna hai jisameM dharma bhAvanA preraka zakti ke rUpa meM kAma kara rahI ho aura sAtha hI jo hamArI sAmAnya manuSyatA ko Andolita, mathita aura prabhAvita kara rahI ho|" isa dRSTi se maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya dharma bhAvanA se prerita hote hue bhI uttama kAvya hai aura ise sAhitya ke itihAsa-granthoM meM sammAnita sthAna milanA cAhiye / dhArmika preraNA yA AdhyAtmika upadeza honA kAvyatva kA bAdhaka nahIM samajhA jAnA cAhie, anyathA hamAre sAhitya kI vipUla sampadA cAhe vaha svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, dhanapAla kI ho yA jAyasI, sUra aura tulasI kI ho, sAhitya ke kSetra se alaga kara dI jaayegii| isalie dhArmika sAhitya hone mAtra se koI racanA sAhitya-koTi se pathaka nahIM kI jA sktii| laukika nijadharI kahAniyoM ko Azraya karake dharmopadeza denA isa deza kI cirAcarita prathA hai| yaha na to jainoM kI nijI vizeSatA hai aura na sUphiyoM kii| madhyayuga ke sAhitya kI pradhAna preraNA dharma sAdhanA hI rahI hai aura dharma buddhi ke kAraNa hI Aja taka prAcIna sAhitya surakSita bhI raha sakA hai| jaina sAhitya ke sandarbha meM to yaha kathana zata pratizata sahI hai| 1. A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI-hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla pR0 9

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 67 bhAva kI dRSTi se saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura maru-gurjara meM prApta samasta jaina sAhitya nizcaya hI eka zreNI kA hai| usameM sarvatra eka viziSTa dhArmika vAtAvaraNa milatA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne dharma kA sAhitya se samanvaya sthApita karane kA stutya prayAsa kiyA hai| yaha saca hai ki jisa samaya jaina kavi kAvyarasa kI ora jhukatA hai usa samaya usakI kRti sarasa kAvya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai aura jaba dharmopadeza kA prasaMga AtA hai to vaha padyabaddha upadezAtmaka kRti bana jAtI hai| svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, yogIndu, rAmasiMha Adi kI racanAoM meM nizcaya hI bhAva aura rasa kI pravaNatA hai kintu marugurjara jaina sAhitya meM aisI bhI anaginata padyabaddha racanAyeM haiM jinameM zrAvakoM ke lie AcAra, niyama, vrata Adi kI vyAkhyA hI kI gayI hai / devasena kRtA sAvayadhamma dohA, jinadattasUri kRta upadezarasAyanarAsa Adi aisI tamAma racanAoM kA nAmollekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina sAhitya vipula aura bahaAyAmI hai| jainAcAryoM ne na kevala dhArmika evaM dArzanika viSayoM para racanAyeM kIM balki sAhitya-zAstra, kAvya, nATaka, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, koSa, vyAkaraNa, gaNita, rAjanIti, purANa tathA anyAnya viSayoM para vipula sAhitya kAvya kI nAnA vidhAoM meM nAnA chaMdoM aura desiyoM dvArA prastuta kiyA hai| __jaina sAhitya kA prathama paricaya-yaha vizAla sAhitya bahuta kAla taka bAharI duniyA~ ke lie anajAnA thaa| isakA prathama paricaya dene kA zreya yUropIya vidvAnoM ko hai / sarvaprathama san 1845 meM aMgreja vidvAna kAvela ne vararuci ke 'prAkRta prakAza' kA eka susaMpAdita saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA / san 1857 meM jarmana vidvAn pizela ne hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa kA vidhivat sampAdana kara use prakAzita karAyA jisase prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke adhyayana kI dRr3ha nIMva pdd'ii| pizela ne hI san 1900 I0 meM prAkRta vyAkaraNa para apanA vidvattApUrNa adhyayana prakAzita kara ke duniyA~ ke tamAma pAThakoM kA dhyAna idhara AkRSTa kiyaa| jarmanI ke dUsare vidvAn harmana jekobI ne vidvattApUrNa bhUmikAoM ke sAtha samarAiccakahA, paumacariya Adi kA sampAdita saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyaa| san 1918 meM bhavissayattakahA aura san 1921 meM sanatkumAra ke sampAdita saMskaraNoM ke prakAzana ke sAtha isa kSetra meM adhyayana kI vipula saMbhAvanAoM kA logoM ko anumAna huaa| bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM jaina-prAkRta evaM apabhraMza sAhitya ke adhyayana meM mahattvapUrNa kArya ma0 ma0 haraprasAda zAstrI, zrI pI0 DI0 guNe, pro0 hIrA lAla jaina, DaoN0 zahIdullA, DaoN0 bAbUrAma saksenA, mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkR

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18 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa tyAyana ke alAvA sarvazrI bAgacI, bhAyANI, desAI, dalAla, upAdhye, nAhaTA aura muni jinavijaya Adi manISiyoM ne kiyA hai| aba to idhara tamAma zodhArthI kAryarata ho gaye haiM aura jainabhAMDAroM meM bhI purAnI rUr3hivAditA kama hotI jA rahI hai / ve loga pratiyA~ prasannatApUrvaka upalabdha karAte haiM tathA aneka vidvAn nirantara naye naye granthoM kI khoja karake unakA sampAdanaprakAzana kara rahe haiM / isa prakAra isa kSetra meM adhyayana kA vistRta kSitija anudina udghaTita ho rahA hai / maru- gurjara sAhitya kA saMrakSaNa - vaise to 12 vIM zatAbdI meM samUce bhArata meM zaiva mata kA prabhAva thA kintu pUrvI bhArata meM taMtra-maMtra bahula bajra - yAnI sampradAya kA aura pazcimI bhArata meM jainadharma kA paryApta prabhAva thA / dharma ke nAma para koI asahiSNutA na thI aura na koI upadrava / vastutaH sarvadharmasamabhAva kI pratiSThA bhAratIya saMskRti kI nijI vizeSatA rahI hai jo Ajakala khatare meM hai parantu usa samaya kahIM bhI dhArmika vidveSa nahIM thA / durbhAgyavaza isI samaya deza para dharma ke nAma para muslima AkramaNa prArambha hue aura dezavAsiyoM ko satAyA jAne lagA / isa azAnti ke samaya madhyadeza kA AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya arakSita hone ke kAraNa prAyaH naSTa ho gayA kintu adhikAMza jaina sAhitya jo apabhraMza aura usake bAda maru-gurjara meM likhA gayA, jainazAstra bhAMDAroM meM surakSita raha gayA kyoMki prabhAvazAlI jainAcAryoM ne musalamAna zAsakoM ke sAtha bhI acchA sambandha rakhA aura unhoMne tamAma zAstra bhAMDAra sthApita kie| jainadharma ke saptakSa etroM meM tRtIya kSetra kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai jisake antargata pratyeka sAdhu evaM zrAvaka ke lie pustaka lekhana evaM usakA saMrakSaNa Avazyaka karttavya batAyA gayA hai | ataH jaina mandiroM aura bhAMDAroM meM pratiyoM kA lekhana tathA saMrakSaNa pradhAna rUpa se hotA rhaa| isI kSa etra meM jainasaMgha dvArA sthApitasaMcAlita saikar3oM bhAMDAra haiM / jinameM lAkhoM pratiyA~ saMgrahIta haiM / inameM jaisalamera kA jJAnabhaMDAra, bIkAnera jJAnabhaMDAra, abhaya jaina graMthAlaya. anUpa pustakAlaya prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / ina bhAMDAroM meM surakSita hastapratiyoM meM samasta uttara bhArata kA mahattvapUrNa itihAsa surakSita hai / itihAsa kevala rAjAoM aura zAsakoM kA byorA nahIM balki santoM, sAhityakAroM tathA sAmAnya janatA aura usakI saMskRti kA pramANika abhilekha hai jo ina pratiyoM meM prAmANika rUpa se saMgrahIta hai / yahA~ aprAmANikatA kA prazna isalie nahIM uTatA kyoMki ye pratiyA~ dharmabuddha se prati atyanta zraddhApUrvaka satya tathyoM para AdhArita haiM /

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maru-gurjara ko nirukti 19 isa sAhitya dvArA hama rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI aura hindI kA sahI vikAsa-krama jAna sakate haiM | hindIpradeza meM hindU narezoM ke saMrakSaNa meM prAyaH saMskRta meM jo sAhitya likhA gayA vaha muslima AkramaNa ke samaya naSTa ho gayA kintu jaina zAstra bhAMDAroM meM pratyeka zatAbdI ke pratyeka dazaka kI prAcInatama pratiyA~ surakSita baca sakI haiM / isalie inake AdhAra para vibhinna sthAnoM meM samaya-samaya para jyoM-jyoM bhASA - boliyoM kA kramika vikAsa huA usakI saTIka jAnakArI prApta ho jAtI hai, jabaki anya sAhitya kI utanI prAcIna evaM prAmANika pratiyA~ upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa mUlagrantha ke vAstavika pATha aura usakI bhASA kA mUla svarUpa nirdhArita karanA kaThina hai / koI bhASA aura sAhitya tIna prakAra se surakSita raha sakatA hai, ( 1 ) rAjyAzraya, (2) dharmAzraya aura ( 3 ) janAzraya dvArA / tatkAlIna hindI pradeza meM hindI ko na rAjyAzraya aura na dharmAzraya prApta thA; use kevala janAzraya para rahanA par3A / ataH madhyadeza yA hindIbhASI pradezoM kA tatkAlIna prAmANika sAhitya bahuta kama upalabdha hai, jabaki dharmAzraya aura rAjyAzraya ke kAraNa maru-gurjara sAhitya prabhUta mAtrA meM aura avikRta rUpa meM san, saMvatvAra upalabdha hai | hindI kSetra para una dinoM gahar3avAloM kA Adhipatya thA. ve isa kSa etra ke bAhara se Aye the; yahA~ kI bhASA-bolI se prArambha meM unakA lagAva kama thA / unhoMne saMskRta kaviyoM ko prazraya diyA / bAda meM jaba dAmodara bhaTTa jaise bhASAkaviyoM kA Adara zurU huA tabhI unakA zAsana samApta karake musalamAnoM ne sattA hathiyA lI / dUsarI ora rASTrakUTa, paramAra, solaMkI rAjA gujarAta, mAlavA aura rAjasthAna meM lagAtAra apanI bhASA aura sAhitya ko saMrakSaNa dete rahe / jaina dharmAcAryoM ne bhI dezabhASA ko vikasita - saMvardhita karane meM anupama yogadAna diyA / isalie maru-gurjara kI kahAnI anya dezI bhASAoM kI kahAnI se sarvathA bhinna hai / gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM jainadharma aura jaina sAhitya ko panapane phailane kA suavasara rAjyAzraya ke kAraNa milA / mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ke maMtrI prAyaH jaina zra eSThi zrAvaka huA karate the / inake yahAM jaina muniyoM aura kaviyoM kA sammAna hotA thA / barAra meM jainavaizyoM kI bahulatA thI / unhoMne apabhraMza aura maru-gurjara ke pracAraprasAra kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA / jaba rASTrakUToM kA patana huA to gujarAta meM solaMkI zAsakoM ke rAjyakAla meM jainadharma aura dezIbhASA meM likhita jaina

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20 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sAhitya ke lie bar3A anukUla avasara prApta huaa| yadi svayaMbhU . aura puSpa. daMta rASTrakaToM kI chatrachAyA meM panape to hemacandra ko solaMkI, siddharAja aura kumArapAla kA rAjyAzraya prApta huaa| isa prakAra rAjyAzraya aura dharmAzraya meM maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA lekhana aura saMrakSaNa bar3e yatnapUrvaka pUjyabhAva se kiyA gayA / yahI kAraNa hai ki isakA pratyeka zatAbdI ke pratyeka caraNa kA kramabaddha sAhitya apane mUlarUpa meM surakSita milatA hai jisake AdhAra para deza-bhASAoM kA vikAsa aura apanI saMskRti ke vibhinna AyAmoM-sAhitya, dharma, darzana evaM rIti-rivAja-Adi kA adhyayana hama suvidhApUrvaka kara sakate haiN| isa bhASA meM likhA huA vizAla sAhitya vividha kAvyarUpoM meM prApta hotA hai jisakI prazaMsA paM0 madanamohana mAlavIya, vizvakavi ravi ThAkura aura DA0 sunIti kumAra cATuA Adi manISiyoM ne kiyA hai| griyarsana ne isakI prazaMsA meM kahA thA ki isameM vipula aitihAsika mahattva kA sAhitya bharA par3A hai| ___ maru-garjara kA udbhava-jaina vidvAnoM kA lakSya dharma ko janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~cAnA thA ataH unhoMne sAhitya kA mAdhyama prAkRta evaM apabhraMza aura usake pazcAt maru-garjara ko banAyA / Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASAoM kA vikAsa apane-apane kSetra meM apabhraMzoM se hI huA mAnA jAtA hai| apabhraza bhASA 12vIM zatAbdI ke bAda dezabhASAoM ke rUpa meM parivartita hone lagI thii| vi0 saM0 865 meM jAlaura meM jainAcArya udyotanasUri ne 'kuvalayamAlA' nAmaka grantha likhA aura 16 prAdezika bhASA-bheda btaaye| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki 9vIM-10vIM zatAbdI se hI prAdezika bheda ullekhanIya ho gaye the, phira bhI yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina hai ki apabhraMza kahA~ samApta haI aura purAnI hindI, maru-gurjara kahA~ se prArambha huI / aneka aise udAharaNa die jA sakate haiM jinheM apabhraMza aura purAnI hindI yA maru-gurjara kA udAharaNa bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| saMskRta granthoM meM uddha ta hone ke kAraNa inake mUlasvarUpa kI bahuta kucha surakSA ho sakI anyathA mukha-sukha ke lie badalatebadalate inakA aisA rUpa bana jAtA ki inake prAcIna mUlarUpa ko jAnanA asambhava ho jAtA jaise saMskRta kA 'utpadyate' zabda prAkRta meM uppajai aura visate-ghisate maru-gajara meM 'uppajae' ho gyaa| isa 'uppajai' ko apabhraza aura purAnI hindI, maru-garjara kA rUpa AsAnI se ghoSita kiyA jA sakatA hai jisase hindI 'upajai' aura gujarAtI 'upaje' rUpa isa samaya para cala rahA hai| 1. There is enormous mass of literature in various forms in Rajas thani of considerable historical importance-G. A. Grierson.

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 21 maru- gurjara ke svatantra vikAsa kA kAraNa - vi0 saM0 kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke bAda apabhraMzoM se dezI bhASAoM kA alaga-alaga vikAsa prArambha ho gayA / hemacandrasUri ke svargavAsa ke kucha hI dazakoM pazcAt bhArata meM rAjanItika uthala puthala prArambha ho gayI / rASTrIyasthiti meM krAntikArI parivartana ho gayA / muslima AkramaNoM ke phalasvarUpa vibhinna pradezoM kA pAramparika sambandha chinna-bhinna ho gayA / janatA kA pArasparika milanA-julanA, antaprAntIya vyApAra-kArobAra kramazaH kama hone lagA / isalie alaga-alaga pradezoM kI rAjanItika sImA ke bhItara vahA~ kI janabhASAoM kA ekAntika vikAsa prArambha ho gayA / AcArya hemacandra ne apane vyAkaraNa meM tatkAlIna bhASA ke padyoM kA namunA diyA hai / unako dekhakara hama tatkAlIna bhASA kA svarUpa jAna sakate haiM; eka dohA udAharaNasvarUpa yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai viTTIe mai bhaNiya tuhu~ mAM kuru baMkI diTThi / duti sakaNNI malli jiva mArai hiyai paiTThi / ' isameM apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, hindI sabhI ke pUrvarUpa DhU~r3ha jA sakate haiM / yaha vikAsa prakriyA 15vIM zatAbdI taka apanA cakra pUrAkara letI hai aura rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI tathA hindI ke naye zabdarUpa prayoga sAmane A jAte haiM jaise prAcIna rUpa ai, au ke sthAna para navIna rUpa ai, au pratiSThita ho gaye the / isakA bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTi se saMkSipta paricaya hama Age prastuta kareMge / maru-gurjara kI utpatti kA itivRtta hRdayaMgama karane ke lie hameM isase do pIr3hI pahale kI pUrvaja bhASAoM se paricita honA pdd'egaa| uttarabhArata kI AryabhASA-paramparA meM sabase prAcIna bhASA vaidikachAndas kI bhASA mAnI jAtI hai / isakA pravAha prAkRta bhASAoM meM gatimAna rahA kintu saMskRta meM Akara pANini ke vyAkaraNa dvArA vaha pravAha maryAdita ho gayA / vaidika bhASA meM devAH aura devAsaH donoM rUpa milate haiM kintu saMskRta ( laukika ) meM kevala devAH sthira ho gayA / isI prakAra adhikaraNa smin saMskRta ke sarvanAma taka sImita ho gayA kintu prAkRta meM 'mmi', 'mhi' se hotA huA hindI ke meM aura gujarAtI ke mAM taka pahu~cA hai / prAkRta jaisA pUrvollikhita hai ki Rgveda meM chAndas bhASA ke sAtha prAkRta rUpa bhI prApta hote haiM / Rgveda se prArambha hokara inakI paramparA jainasUtroM

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22 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kI mAgadhI, bauddha granthoM kI pAli, azoka kI dharmalipiyoM, lalitavistara kI gAthAoM, zilAlekhoM aura sikkoM meM phailatI-phUlatI milatI hai| jainasUtroM kI bhASA ko mAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kahA gayA hai| prAkRta ke anya kaI prAdezika rUpa bhI batAye gaye haiM jaise zaurasenI, mahArASTrI, paizAcI Adi / bauddhasAhitya kI pAli-prAkRta meM saMskRta kA sahArA adhika liyA gyaa| isI prakAra kI bhASA zilAlekhoM aura sikkoM para bhI milatI hai ataH zuddha prAkRta kA namUnA jaina sUtroM meM hI prApta hotA hai| saMskRta nATakoM meM yatratatra jo sAmAnya pAtroM dvArA prAkRta ke saMvAda kahalAye gaye haiM zrI gulerI Adi vidvAnoM ne use banAvaTI batAyA hai| prAkRta bhASA kI prakRti ko ThIka prakAra se samajhe binA hI kucha thor3e se hera-phera karake saMskRta ke AdhAra para hI prAkRta kA vyAkaraNa bhI gar3hA gayA hai| vyAkaraNabaddha hokara yaha prAkRta bhI Age cala kara kevala sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gaI / vaha paMDitoM kI ziSTa bhASA bana gaI jise bahuta madhura lalita bhASA bhI kahA gayA hai kintu vaha janatA ke bolacAla kI bhASA se kaTa gaI thii| jainAcAryoM ne prAkRta meM dharma-grantha evaM sAhitya-grantha likha kara ise bar3A sammAna diyaa| jaina sAhitya meM prAkRta DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina kA kathana hai ki prAkRta ko zodha kara saMskRta banAI gii| Age calakara prAkRta meM jo sAhitya likhA gayA, usa para saMskRta kA bahuta prabhAva par3A kintu yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki prAkRta-saMskRta se utpanna huI hai| pANini ke samaya vidvAnoM para saMskRta kA aisA prabhAva par3A ki ve loga apane bolacAla kI bhASA kI paravAha na karake hajAroM varSoM taka saMskRta meM hI paThana-pAThana evaM sAhitya sRjana karate rhe| kabhI-kabhI to ye paMDitajana prAkRta ke prati anAdarapUrvaka yahA~ taka kaha diyA karate the ki 'bhASA raMDAyAH kim prayojanam', kintu Aja se karIba DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bauddha aura jaina samAja ne isameM sAhitya-sRjana prArambha kiyaa| jainAcAryoM ne prAkRta ko dharma-pracAra kA vAhana banA kara isameM pracura sAhitya likhaa| prAkRta kA prakRta rUpa inhIM racanAoM meM surakSita hai / ve banAvaTI prAkRta ke sthAna para bolacAla kI prAkRta ko adhika mahattva dete the| unakA prAkRta ke prati vizeSa utsAha isalie thA ki vaha Ama janatA ke bolacAla kI bhASA thI jise bAla, strI, manda sabhI samajha sakate the 1. hIrAlAla jaina-jaina sAhitya meM hindI kI jar3a, prathama bhAga

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 'bAlastrImandamUrkhANAM nRNAM cAritrakAMkSiNaM / anugrahArthatattvajJaH siddhAnta prAkRta kavaH // 1 kahA jAtA hai ki ukta chanda vikramAditya ke Azrita vidvAn tarkavAdI siddhasena ko lakSya karake use vAda meM parAjita karane vAle 'vaddhavAdi ne kahA thA aura unheM jena siddhAnta granthoM ko saMskRtabaddha karane se virata kiyA thA vi0 sa0 pUrva chaThI se pahalI zatAbdI taka kI prAkRta bhASA kA prakRtasvarUpa hama janasUtrA aura janAgamo meM upalabdha hotA hai| usa samaya kI mAgadhI, addhamAgadhI kA ThIka paricaya prApta karane ke lie jaina zvetAmbara sampradAya ka sUtra grantho se adhika prAmANika anya koI sAdhana nahIM hai| kucha sahAyatA boddha pAli sAhitya aura azoka kI dharma lipiyoM se bhI mila sakatA ha kintu vikrama saMvat kI pahalI zatAbdI se chaThI zatAbdI taka kI bhASAo ka jJAna ke lie punaH hameM jainAcAryoM kI zaurasenImahArASTrA mizrita prAkRta kI racanAoM kA hI avalambana lenA pdd'egaa| vikrama kI navA sa 12 vIM zatI taka kI jana bhASAoM kA nAma apabhraza pracalita hA gayA ora inakA adhyayana karane ke lie to ekamAtra jana sAhitya hA sarvAdhika prAmANika srota siddha ho cakA hai| AcArya kundakunda, vimalasAra (paumacariya), haribhadrasUri (samarAiccakahA), udyotana sAra (kuvalayamAlAkahA) Adi kucha prAcIna prAmANika lekhakoM kI racanAyeM tatkAlAna bhASA kA sahI svarUpa prastuta karatI haiN| isIlie DaoN0 jekobI na likhA ha 'janAcAyoM ne prAkRta ko yadi na apanAyA hotA to isakA Aja hama patA bhI na cltaa|" mo0 da0 desAI bhI prAkRta ko saMskRta kA pUrvavartI mAnate haiN| unhoMne likhA hai ki hemacandra ne kisI AdhAra kA anugamana karake 'prakRtiH saMskRtam tatrabhavaM gata AgataM vA prAkRtam' arthAt prAkRta kA mUlAdhAra saMskRta hai aura usase jo utpanna huI yA nikalI vaha prAkRta hai, yaha likha kara eka sthAyI bhrama utpanna kara diyA hai| vastutaH saMskRta zabda svayaM saMskAra kA sUcaka hai| janasAdhAraNa kI prakRta bhASA prAkRta ko saMskArita karake zikSitoM ne saMskRta ko sAhitya kA mAdhyama banAyA hogA / jaina sUtroM meM to ardhamAgadhI, mAgadhI 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pa0 21 / 2. Had in not been for the Jainas, we would never have knowng, what "Prakrit Literature was' uddhRta-je0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 1 pRSTha 19..

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24 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ko hI sarvaprathama aura sarvapradhAna bhASA batAyA gayA hai kintu prAkRta ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne mahArASTrI ko pramukha prAkRta batAyA hai / isameM bhI pracura sAhitya upalabdha hai / padyAtmaka sAhitya saTTaka, nATaka Adi sAhityarUpoM meM zaurasenI meM bhI paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai, guNADhya kI bRhatakathA paizAcI meM milI hai kintu prAkRta kA sarvAdhika sambandha jaina lekhakoM se hI hai / dharma ke AdhAra para isa bhASA kA jaina mahArASTrI aura jaina zaurasenI nAmakaraNa isake jaina dharma ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha kA hI dyotaka hai / jaina prAkRta sAhitya kI vizeSatAyeM jaina prAkRta sAhitya kI dhArA akhaMDa aura aTUTa hai / yaha pratyeka zatAbdI ke pratyeka caraNa meM upalabdha hai / isakA sAtatya kabhI khaMDita nahIM hotA / yaha prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza ke pazcAt maru gurjara meM nirantara pravAhamAna hai / isake pramukha racanAkAroM meM vimalasUri (paumacariya 3rI zatAbdI), pAdaliptAcArya (5vIM zatI, taraMgavatI), saMghadAsagaNa ( vasudevahiMDI) Adi ullekhanIya haiM / sAhityika prAkRta meM prabandha evaM muktaka donoM kAvyarUpoM meM pracura sAhitya likhA gayA hai / hAlasAtavAhana kRta gAthAsaptazatI zRMgAra rasa kI anupama kRti hai / jayavallabhakRta vajjAlagga, pravarasenakRta setubandha, vAkpatirAjakRta gaur3avaho, kautUhalakRta lIlAvatI Adi kucha ullekhanIya prAkRta racanAyeM haiM / varAMgacarita, prabandhacintAmaNi Adi kucha granthoM meM prAkRtAbhAsa saMskRta mizrita eka vizeSa bhASA-zailI pAI jAtI haiM / prAkRta-vyAkaraNagranthoM meM mAgadhI aura mahArASTrI kI tulanA meM zaurasena kA vivecana kama huA hai kintu hindI aura usakI pramukha boliyoMvraja, khar3I tathA rAjasthAnI se zaurasenI kA hI jyAdA nikaTa kA sambandha hai / rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA (10 vIM zatI) meM bhASAoM kA kSetra batAte hue likhA hai ki madhyadeza kA kavi sarvabhASAvid hotA hai / kuru pradeza se prayAga taka, pAMcAla - zUrasena aura maru tathA avaMtI taka zaurasenI kA pracAraprasAra thA / isI zaurasenI prAkRta kA vikAsa Age cala kara zaurasenI apabhraMza ke rUpa meM huA jisase hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI kA yA to sIdhe yA kisI prAdezika rUpa se vikAsa huA hai / cAhe zaurasenI prAkRta ho yA apabhraMza ho isakA pracAra-prasAra vyApaka kSetra meM rahA / kahA jAtA hai ki dvApara meM zrI kRSNa apane tamAma yaduvaMziyoM ke sAtha mathurA se dvArakA (gujarAta) jAkara basa gaye the, yadi yaha AkhyAna

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25 maru-gurjara kI nirukti satya ho to zUrasena se gujarAta kI saMskRti aura bhASA meM eka sImA taka avazya ghaniSTha sambandha honA caahiye| isa prAcIna AdhAra ke atirikta Age cala kara 16 vIM zatAbdI meM bhakti Andolana ke phalasvarUpa eka bAra punaH vrajabhUmi kI bhASA vallabha sampradAya ke sAtha rAjasthAna va gujarAta taka 'phailii| pariNAmataH mathurA se gujarAta taka kRSNabhaktikAvya kA ekamAtra mAdhyama vrajabhASA ho gaI jo thor3e bahuta hera-pherake sAtha sthAnIya bhASAoM ke sAtha dIrgha kAlataka prayukta hotI rhii| isaprakAra prAcIna kAla se lekara 15vA 16 vIM zatAbdI taka sampUrNa madhyadeza se lekara rAjasthAna, gujarAta taka kI sAhitya bhASA yA to zaurasenI prAkRta rahI yA zaurasenI apabhraMza rahI athavA Age cala kara pUrAnI hindI yA maru-gurjara ho gaI jise sthAnIya bheda aura zailI ke AdhAra para DiMgala, piMgala, avahaTTa Adi nAma bhI diye gaye haiN| prAkRtoM kA samaya vi0 kI 6 ThIM zatAbdI taka samApta mAnA jAtA hai / usake bAda usakA parivartita-vikasita rUpa apabhraMza ke nAma se pracalita huaa| isake bhI kaI sthAnIya bheda the| inhIM se maru-gurjara aura hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI kA vikAsa haA hai, ataH apabhraMza ke sambandha meM thor3A adhika dhyAnapUrvaka vicAra kI AvazyakatA hai / apabhraMza apabhraMza kA zabdArtha aura itihAsa apabhraMza zabda kA artha hai bhraSTa, bigar3I yA vikRt| isa artha meM isa zabda kA prAcInatama prayoga vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya ke racayitA pataMjali ne I0 pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI meM kiyA hai, "ekaikasyahi zabdasya vahavo'pabhraMza tdythaa| gaurinyasya zabdasya gAvI, govI, gotA, gApotAlike tyevmaadyo'pbhrNshaaH|" yahA~ apabhraMza zabda kA prayoga bhASA ke artha meM nahIM hai balki mUla bhASA meM vikRti yA bhraSTatA kA sucaka hai| DaoN0 nAmavara siMha ne batAyA hai ki pataMjali se bhI pUrva isa zabda kA prayoga bhatahari ne 'vAkyapadIyam' meM kiyA hai| isI artha meM bharata ne (2 rI zatI) meM vibhraMza yA vibhraSTa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai kintu Age unhoMne 'AbhIroktiH zAbarI vA drAviDAdiSu' kaha kara AbhIrokta vibhASA kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai| unhoMne isakA lakSaNa aura kSetra bhI batAyA hai / 'himavat siMdhu sauvIrAnye ca dezAH samAzritAH, ukAra bahulAM tajjhasteSu bhASAM prayojayet / ' yaha ukAra bahulA AbhIroM kI vibhASA himavat sindhu sauvIra se bar3ha kara Age cala kara apabhraMza bhASA ke nAma se prasiddha huI

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26 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aura vistRta pradeza meM phaila gii| valabhI ke rAjA dharasena ne apane zilAlekha meM apane pitA guhasena (chaThI zatI) ko saMskRta, prAkRta ke sAtha apabhraMza kI prabandha racanA meM bhI nipuNa batAyA hai arthAt chaThI zatAbdI taka apabhraMza meM kAvya racanA bhI prArambha ho gaI thii| isalie apabhraMza sAhitya kA prArambha chaThI zatAbdI se mAnane ke pakSa meM adhikatara vidvAn sahamata haiM / kAvyopayogI bhASA ke rUpa meM isakA ullekha chaThI zatAbdI meM hI bhAmaha ne bhI kiyA thaa| "zabdAthauM sahitau kAvyaM gadyaM padyaM ca tadvidhaM / saMskRtaM, prAkRtaM cAnyadapabhraMzaM iti tridhA / '' isameM tIna pramukha bhASAoM kI carcA hai jinameM gadya, padya likhA jA rahA thaa| isake bAda 8vIM zatAbdI meM daMDI ne cAra bhASAoM ke sAtha apabhraMza ko bhI sammAnapUrvaka sthAna diyaa| 9 vIM meM rudraTa ne apabhraMza ke pradezoM ke AdhAra para kaI bheda bhI ginAye arthAt navIM zatAbdI taka isakA vistAra kaI pradezoM meM ho cukA thA aura vahA~ isakI svatantra prAdezika zailiyA~ vikasita ho cukI thiiN| yaha isake vikAsa kI praur3hAvasthA kA sUcaka hai| ___apabhraMza kA puSkala ullekha 10 vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha AcArya rAjazekhara ne kiyA hai| unhoMne kAvya puruSa kA ise jaghana batAyA hai "zabdArthoM te zarIraM saMskRtaM mukhaM, prAkRtaM bAha jghnmpbhrNshH|" sAtha hI rAjadarabAra meM saMskRta, prAkRta ke kaviyoM ke sAtha apabhraMza ke kaviyoM ko rAjavedikA kI pazcima dizA meM sammAnita Asana prApta hone kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ina kaviyoM ke Asana ke pIche citrakAra, raMgakAra, ratnakAra, kasabI, sonI, sunAra, luhAra Adi kArIgaroM ke baiThane kA ullekha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki yaha bhASA vaNikoM, kArIgaroM aura sAmAnya janatA kI bhASA thI aura inakA ise vyApaka samarthana prApta thaa| unhoMne spaSTa likhA hai ki paricAraka varga apabhraMza bhASA pravINa hotA hai "apabhraMzapravINaH paricAraka vrg|" isase spaSTa hai ki janatA ke madhyama aura nimna varga ke bIca isakA vyApaka pracAra thA, arthAt yaha jana bhASA thii| yaha saMskRta nATakoM meM prayukta prAkRtoM kI taraha kRtrima yA kitAbI bhASA nahIM thI balki lokapriya, janapracalita Ama bhASA thii| isakA prasArakSetra samasta maru, Dhakka aura bhAdA. naka taka thaa| "sApabhraMza prayogAH sakalamarubhuvaSTakkabhAdAnakAzca / " isake alAvA saurASTra aura travaNa (pazcimI rAjasthAna) ke kavi bhI apabhraMza prayoga meM paTu batAye gaye haiN| isa prakAra yaha bahuta bar3e kSetra kI sAmAnya 1. kAvyAlaMkAra 1, 16, 28

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27 maru-gurjara kI nirukti janatA meM pracalita janabhASA bana cukI thii| rudraTa ke rudrAlaMkAra-sUtra kI TIkA karate hue namisAdhu ne 11 vIM zatI meM likhA hai ki isakA lakSaNa loka vyavahAra se jAnA jAya 'tasya ca lakSaNaM lokAdevasamyagavadheyam' arthAt namisAdhu ke samaya yaha loka pracalita jIvanta bhASA thii| namisAdhu ne isake upanAgara, AbhIra aura grAmya tIna bheda bhI ginAye haiM; ve yaha bhI batAte haiM ki yaha aba taka sindhu, mulatAna se cala kara magadha taka phaila cukI thI arthAt samasta uttarabhArata meM pracalita bhASA thii| ___ vyAkaraNa granthoM meM apabhraMza zabda kA prayoga vararuci (3rI zatI) ke prAkRta-prakAza meM nahIM miltaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki 3rI zatI taka yaha sAhitya kI bhASA nahIM bana sakI thI ataH vyAkaraNakAroM ko usake vivecana kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| chaThI zatAbdI meM caNDa ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai isase prakaTa hotA hai ki isa samaya taka isakA sAhitya meM prayoga hone lagA thA, vAgbhaTTa ne apane grantha vAgbhaTrAlaMkAra ke dUsare pariccheda meM 'saMskRtaM, prAkRtaM tasyApabhraMzo bhUta bhASitaM' kaha kara isakA saMskRta, prAkRta ke samAna hI mahattva ghoSita kiyA hai| hemacandra dvArA udAhRta dohoM se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki 11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI taka yaha bhASA bar3e vyApaka kSetra kI sAhityabhASA thii| hemacandra ne 12 vIM zatAbdI meM jaba ise vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM meM bA~dha diyA to yaha mAtra sAhitya kI bhASA raha gaI tathA lokabhASA ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga avaruddha ho gyaa| hemacandra ke atirikta lakSmIdhara aura mArakaNDeya ne bhI isakA vyAkaraNa bnaayaa| prasiddha lekhaka tArAnAtha kA abhimata hai ki bauddha tripiTaka ke saMskaraNa pAli ke atirikta saMskRta aura apabhraMza meM bhI likhe gaye / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tIsarI zatAbdI kI yaha AbhIrAdigirA' 1. apabhraza ke prabhAva vistAra ke sAtha AbhIroM kA nAma jur3A huA hai, inakA ullekha mahAbhArata, kAmasUtra, viSNupurANa, paumacariya aura prayAga tathA nAsika ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| jaba arjuna, kRSNa kI vidhavAoMko lekara jA rahe the to paMcanada praveza ke samaya AbhIroM ne AkramaNa kara unheM lUTa liyA thaa| inheM yavana, dasyu aura parAkramI kahA gayA hai / kSatrapa rudra dAmana ke lekha (I0 181, nAsika guMphA) meM Izvarasena nAmaka AbhIra rAjA kA ullekha hai / lagatA hai ki ye IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa bAhara se Akara pazcimottara pradezoM meM phailate hue mathurA taka A pahuMce the / pazupAlana inakI pradhAna jIvikA thii| kucha vidvAn AbhIrAdi girA meM UkAra

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28 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa eka sthAnIya bolI se bar3ha kara 12 vIM zatAbdI taka eka loka bhASA aura kAvyabhASA kI lambI yAtrA saphalatApUrvaka pUrA kara letI hai| chaThI se 12 vIM zatAbdI kI avadhi ko griyarsana aura sunIti kumAra Adi bhASAvidoM ne Arya bhASA kA madhyakAla kahA hai| yahI apabhraMza bhASA kA yuga hai| 12 vIM zatAbdI isake lokapracalana kA antima chora hai, usake bAda apabhraMza se maru-gurjara yA purAnI hindI kA vikAsa prArambha ho gayA aura vikAsa kI yaha prakriyA 15 vIM zatAbdI taka calatI rahI jisake pazcAt hindI, rAjasthAnI gujarAtI Adi kA spaSTa rUpa pracalita haa| isa saMkramaNa kAla kI bhASA kA nAma maru-gurjara yA purAnI hindI hai| ataH maru-gurjara yA purAnI hindI kI bhASAvaijJAnika vizeSatAoM ko jAnane ke lie usakI pUrvaja bhASA apabhraMza kI sAmAnya pravattiyoM se paricaya prApta karanA bhI apekSita hai| apabhraza kA vyAkaraNa hemacandra ne banAyA aura apabhraMza ke sandarbha meM ve usI prakAra mahattvapUrNa AcArya haiM jisa prakAra saMskRta ke sandarbha meM pANini / bahulA AbhIrI aura gurjara ko bhI sammilita karate haiN| gurjara bhI pazupAlana karane vAlI eka ghumakkar3a jAti thii| pazupAlana aura kRSi karane vAlI ina jAtiyoM -AbhIra, gurjara, jATa Adi kA sindhu se mathurA taka vistAra ho gayA thA / inakI prabhAva-vRddhi ke sAtha inakI bhASA bhI vistRta kSetra meM phaila kara kAvyabhASA bana gii| samudragupta ke prayAga vAle lekha meM guptasAmrAjya ke pazcima meM basI inheM eka prabala jAti kahA gayA hai| ahiravAra (jhAMsI) ahiraurA (mirajApura), asIragar3ha Adi nAma inake prasAra evaM prabhAva ke -sUcaka haiM / ye saMskRta kA uccAraNa apane DhaMga se karate hoMge isI se AcAryoM ne inakI bhASA kA vizeSa lakSaNa 'UkAra bahulA' batAyA hogaa| 1. AcArya hemacandra kA janma saM0 1145 meM unakI dIkSA saM0 1154 meM tathA unheM sUripada 1166 meM prApta huaa| ApakA janma nAma caMgadeva, dIkSAnAma somavandra aura sUripada prApti ke bAda hemacandra nAma prasiddha huaa| Apa cAlukya zAsaka siddharAja jayasiMha dvArA sammAnita tathA kumArapAla ke guru the| ApakI agAdha vidvattA ke kAraNa Apako 'kalikAlasarvajJa' kI upAdhi prApta thI / Apane 'siddha haima' nAmaka prasiddha vyAkaraNa grantha ke alAvA, dvayAzraya kAvya aura anya kaI viSayoM para prAmANika grantha likhA / Apake vyAkaraNa ke sAta adhyAyoM meM saMskRta kA, AThaveM adhyAya meM caturtha pAda ke 329veM sUtra se lekara antima 448veM sUtra taka apabhraMza kA vyAkaraNa likhA gayA hai| apane brAcaDa ko sindhu deza kI bhASA

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 29 apabhraMza bhASA kI sAmAnya prava ttiyAM--bhASAoM ke sambandha meM yaha AmadhAraNA hai ki eka parivAra kI bhASAyeM kisI eka AdibhASA se utpanna hotI haiM / vaha Adi yA mUlabhASA jaba apane kSetra se bAhara vizAla pradeza meM phailatI hai taba usameM sthAnIyabheda utpanna ho jAte haiN| apabhraza ke sambandha meM bhI aisI hI dhAraNA hai ki isakA vikAsa prAkRtoM ke AdhAra para huA hai aura pratyeka prAkRta ko apabhraMza se hokara gujaranA par3A hogA kintu prAcIna paMDitoM ne apabhraza ke tIna bheda-nAgara, upanAgara aura brAcar3a kA hI prAyaH ullekha kiyA hai| DaoN0 tagAre ne pUrvI, pazcimI aura dakSiNI apabhraza kI carcA apabhraMza-vyAkaraNa meM kI hai| unhoMne pUrvI apabhraMza meM saraha, kaNha ke dohA-koSa tathA caryApadoM ko, dakSiNI apabhraza meM pUSpadaMta aura muni kanakAmara Adi kI racanAoM ko tathA pazcimI apabhraza meM jogIndra, rAmasiMha aura dhanapAla Adi kI kRtiyoM ko sammilita kiyA hai / pUrvI apabhraza ko bagalA, maithilI aura bhojapurI kA pUrvaja kahA gayA hai kintu inake kAvyasAhitya para mAgadhI apabhraza kI apekSA zaurasenI kA prabhAva adhika dikhAI par3atA hai kyoMki eka samaya pazcima se pUrva taka samUce uttara bhArata kI kAvyabhASA zaurasenI ho gaI thI aura prApta sAhitya usI bhASA kA hai isalie hemacandra kI apabhraMza aura dohAkoSa kI apabhraza meM adhika antara nahIM dikhAI detaa| rahI dakSiNI apabhraMza, vaha to DaoN0 tagAre ke anumAna para hI Azrita hai ! satya to yaha hai ki barAravAsI puSpadanta aura kanakAmara kI bhASA bhI pariniSThita pazcimI apabhraMza hI hai / 12vIM zatAbdI taka kAvyabhASA ke rUpa meM kevala zaurasenI (nAgara) apabhraza kA hI prayoga gujarAta se baMgAla aura zarasena se barAra taka hotA rahA / pazcimI zaurasenI apabhraMza tatkAlIna uttarI bhArata kI ziSTa aura sAhityika bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta kA vaha paravartI vikAsa hai jo gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI boliyoM se mizrita thA aura jise nAgara apabhraza kahA jAtA thaa| isa nAgara apabhraMza kI sthAnIya zAkhA gorjara apabhraMza hai jisakA paravartI vikAsa DA0 tessITorI ke anusAra jUnI gujarAtI aura pazcimI rAjasthAnI ke rUpa meM huA thaa| isa prakAra nAgara apabhraMza se aura rephayukta AbhIrI kahA hai / lagatA hai ki usa samaya taka yaha sindha deza meM hI bolacAla kI bhASA thI anyatra pariniSThita bhASA ke rUpa meM vyavahata hone lagI thii|

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa marugarjara aura isI kI eka prAdezika zAkhA 'avaMtI' se mAlavI bolI kA vikAsa haA, nAgara apabhraza kI pUrvI zAkhA se pUrvI rAjasthAnI, braja aura khar3I bolI kA vikAsa batAyA gayA hai| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki A0 hemacandra ne apabhraza kA vyAkaraNa banAte samaya zaurasenI ko hI AdhAra mAnA hai| mArakaNDeya ne apane vyAkaraNa meM jisa nAgara apabhraMza kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha zaurasenI kA hI eka rUpa hai| isakA nAma nagaravAsI yA gujarAta ke nAgara brAhmaNoM yA vRddhanagara ke AdhAra para par3A, yaha nirvivAda nahIM hai| A0 hemacandra ne siddharAja jayasiMha ke kahane para apabhraza kI bhASAvaijJAnika evaM vyAkaraNika vivecana apane prasiddha graMtha 'siddha hemacandra zabdAnuzAsana' (siddha haima) meM kiyA hai| isake ATha adhyAyoM meM lagabhaga 4500 sUtra haiN| isakI zailI 'kaumudI' jaisI hai| isake sAta adhyAyoM meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA aura AThaveM meM prAkRta kA vivecana hai jisake antargata inhoMne apane samaya kI pracalita bhASA kA vivecana kiyA hai inhoMne saMskata se prAkRta kA vikAsa mAnA hai| prakRti 'saMskRtaM, tatrabhavaM tata AgataM vA prAkRtam' / 'dezInAmamAlA' meM inhoMne dezI zabdoM kI tAlikA dekara bar3A mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| unhoMne dvayAzraya kAvya meM zabdAnuzAsana ke AThaveM adhyAya ke vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko kUmArapAla ke carita se sambaddha karane kI acchI ceSTA kI hai| mo0 da0 desAI ne kumArapAla carita ko apabhraza ke sAtha jUnI gujarAtI kA kAvya kahA hai| isase lagatA hai ki isa samaya taka apabhraza meM maru-gurjara kA vikAsa prArambha ho gayA thA aura isa sandhikAlIna bhASA meM apabhraza aura maru-gurjara ke prayoga sammilita the| __ apabhraza kI pramukha vizaSatAyeM--apabhraMza ne na kevala prAkRta se balki saMskRta ke bhI bahuta se zabdoM ko jyoM kA tyoM le liyA dezI boliyoM meM kucha zabda aura pada aise mile jinake prakRti-pratyaya kA vivecana karane meM A0 hemacandra ko kaThinAI pratIta huii| dezInAmamAlA meM kahA hai ki 1. Dr. Tagore-Historical Grammar of Apabhramsa. 2. mo0 da0 desAI- 'jaina gurjara no itihAsa' pR0 111 3. san 1877 meM jarmana bhASA zAstrI pizela ne hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa kA sampAdita saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyaa| inheM apabhraza kA pANini kahA gyaa| muni jina vijaya jI inheM 'Apizala' nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa kA punarAvatAra kahate haiN|

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 31 tatsama, tadbhava ke alAvA prAkRta yA apabhraMza meM jo zabda haiM unakI prakRti pratyaya kA vicAra kaThina hai / ve loka prayoga meM cale A rahe haiM aura vahI pramANa hai' / parimANataH apabhraMza meM eka hI zabda ke aneka rUpa pAye jAte haiN| jina zabdoM ke samAna rUpa saMskRta meM nahIM mile unake dezaja yA rUr3ha rUpoM kA prayoga pracalita huaa| vibhaktiyAM ghisane lagIM; eka hI vibhakti 'haM' kaI kAma meM Ane lgii| vyaJjanoM kA lopa aura svaroM kI pradhAnatA isakI anya mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai kintu isakA pariNAma yaha bhI huA ki gata aura gaja donoM kA rUpa gaya kAca aura kAka tathA kArya tInoM kA eka rUpa 'kAya' spaSTa artha bodha karAne meM asaphala bhI rahA / kAraka aura kriyA vibhaktiyoM kI mandatA tathA kriyA padoM kA rUpa banAne meM pratyaya lagAne kI maMdatA isakI anya paravartI vizeSatA bana gaI thii| pratyaya binA hI bhASA Age bar3hane lgii| isI apabhraza yA grAmyApabhraza ke sAtha purAnI hindImaru-garjara kA vizeSa sambandha hai| hemacandra ne donoM prakAra ke apabhrazoM kI 'siddhahaima' meM carcA kI hai| unhoMne ziSTajanoM kI apabhraza kA unhoMne vyAkaraNa banAyA aura grAmyApabhraza ko jana pracalita bola btaayaa| bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se grAmyApabhraza adhika agrasara bhASA rahI hogI jise hI avahaTTa purAnI hindI Adi nAma bhI diyA gayA hai| saMdezarAsaka kI bhASA ko ahahamANa ne na adhika paMDitoM aura na moM kI balki madhyama zreNI ke logoM ke lie likhI bhASA batAyA hai arthAta vaha bolacAla kI bhASA meM hai| vi0 12vIM zatAbdI ke bAda apabhraMza aura maru-gurjara kA milA-julA saMkrAnti kAlIna rUpa vyakta hone lagA thaa| isako samajhane ke lie unakA tulanAtmaka rUpa dekhiye| hemacandra ne kumArapAla carita meM apabhraMza kA mutra samajhAne ke lie nimna udAharaNa diyA hai 'jo jahA~ hotau so tahA~ hotau, sattu vi mitta vi kahe vihu aavhu| jAhi vihutAhi vihu magge lINA, akka o diTThihi donna vijoyahu / isakA hindI rUpAntara dekhiye'jo jaha~ ho to so tahaM hoto zatrubhi mItabhi koihi Avo / jahA~ bhI tahA~ bhI maannliinaa| ekahi dIThihi donahi jo ho / isa dohe meM 'jahA~ hotau - jyAM hato (vartamAna dhAtuja kRdanta)-jyAMthI meM spaSTa hI apabhraMza se dezI bhASA ke kramika vikAsa kI kar3I maujUda hai| eka anya udAharaNa lIjie

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32 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRdad itihAsa 'amhe nindahu kovi jaNaM amhaI vaNNai kovi amhe nandahu kevi navi, namhaI vaNNahu isakA hindI rUpAntara kitanA spaSTa hai kevi / ' 'hameM nindo koI jana, hameM barano koI / hameM niMde koI ( ko ) bhI nahIM, na hama barane koI / ' isako gujarAtI meM isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai 'amane nindo koi jana, amane bakhANo koi, amenindine koi ne paNa nahIM, na ame bakhANiye koi / " yahA~ amhe - amhai meM pahalA karma aura dUsarA karttA kA rUpa hai aura apabhraMza tathA maru gurjara kI ghaniSThatA kA paricAyaka hai / athavA hemacandra ke udAharaNa nAnA paristhitiyoM aura rasoM kI manorama jhala-kiyA~ prastuta karate haiM jaise - 'viTTi mai bhaNiya tuhaM mAM kuru baMkI diTThi / putti sakaNNI malli jiva mArai hiyai paiTThi | " isa dohe meM 'viTTio' sambodhana kA rUpa hai aura paTTi praviSTa se banA hai jisakA gujarAtI aura hindI rUpa 'paiThi' Aja bhI pracalita hai / isI prakAra 'amhai' zabda hindI meM hama, rAjasthAnI meM 'mhe' aura ame rUpa meM milatA hai / isI prakAra kucha muhAvare bhI apabhraMza se maru - gurjara taka cale Aye haiM jaise 'niddana amba na temba' meM amba - ama aura temba - tema ( timi, imi) Adi rUpoM meM gujarAtI aura hindI meM pracalita hai / prabandha cintAmaNi ke prasiddha dohe 'nava jala mariA maggaDA garyANi dhar3akkai mehu' meM mariyA, magaDA Adi zabda pUrvApara sambandha ke acche sUcaka haiM / prAcIna subhASita se eka do udAharaNa dekara yaha spaSTa karane kI ceSTA karU~gA ki kisa prakAra apabhraMzoM se kramazaH marugurjara kI kAvya bhASA rUpa nikharA thA / " lUgAha ghUNAha kumANu saha o trihu aka sahAva / jihi jihi karau avAsau tihi-tihi bhaMjau ThAMva / ' tAi, telI, terayo. tebolI talAru / paMca takArA pariha se pache karo vivahAra // ' ityAdi inakI bhASA nizcaya hI purAnI hindI ke karIba hai /

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti isa sAmAnya vikAsakrama kA eka choTA citra prastuta karake aba hama apabhraza ke bhASA vaijJAnika vizeSatAoM para bhI thor3A vicAra kareMge tAki marugurjara ke bharaSA vaijJAnika vikAsa kA sUtra DhaMDhA jA ske| apabhraMza aura marugurjara kA prAcIna sAhitya prAyaH padyabaddha hai| padya meM kaviyoM ko bhASA sambandhI kucha chUTa hotI hai jisakA kahIM-kahIM durupayoga bhI milatA hai| isa chUTa meM laghu ko guru aura guru ko laghu karake chanda kI mAtrA ThIka karanI arthAt chanda-pati ke lie mAtrA sambandhI isa chUTa ko to hemacandra ne niyama hI mAna liyA hai| jaise jvAlA >jAlA >jAla Adi / isI prakAra svArthaka pratyaya lagAkara (a, ala, illa Adi) zabda rUpa banA lenA jaise mukta > mukka>mukkao aura paMkita >paMkiya > paMkiyau Adi rUpa bhI calate haiM / svara aura dhvaniyAM-mahArASTrI prAkRta kI prAyaH sabhI dhvaniyA~ aura svara apabhraza meM milate haiM / jaina mahArASTrI meM 'ya' zruti kA prAdhAnya hai jaise yojanam (saMskRta) kA yoaNaM (prAkRta) aura yothaNaM (apabhraMza) rUpa siddha hotA hai / prAkRta kI sabhI vyaJjana dhvaniyA~ bhI apabhraza meM milatI haiM / hemacandra ne isakI kucha nijI vizeSatAoM kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai jaise apabhraza meM kevala 'ha', 'mha', 'lha' saMyukta dhvaniyA~ hI Adi meM A sakatI haiM isalie vyAsa kA vAsu aura dRSTi kA deTThi rUpa banatA hai / isI prakAra 'ma' kA vaM, jaise grAma kA gA~va rUpa bhI isakI dhvani sambandhI vizeSatA se hI siddha hotA hai| apabhraMza meM vyaJjanAnta (halanta) zabda nahIM milte| saMskRta ke halanta zabdoM kI antima vyaJjana dhvani yA to lupta ho jAtI hai yA aM jor3akara akArAnta banA dI jAtI hai jaise maNa (manas), Ausa (AyuSa), appaNa (Atmana ) aadi| isI prakAra apabhraza ke sabhI zabda svarAnta hote haiN| vyAkaraNa - apabhraMza meM tIna liMga hote haiM / a, i, u, svara dhvaniyoM vAle (anta) zabda tInoM liMgoM meM hote haiM aura A, I, U, vAle (anta) strIliMga hote haiM / hemacandra ne apabhraMza ke liMga ko ataMtra batAyA hai| liMga sambandhI yaha zithilatA rAjasthAnI aura hindI ke do liMgoM meM saralIkRta ho gaI hai| isameM do hI vacana hote haiM na ki saMskRta kI taraha tIna; arthAt vyAkaraNa saralIkaraNa kI ora unmukha ho gayA thA jisakA prabhAva marugurjara ke vacana para bhI par3A hai| saralIkaraNa kI pravRtti prAkRta se hI

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34 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prArambha ho gaI thii| isake calate saMskRta kI sup tathA tiGa vibhaktiyA~ prAkRta meM sarala ho gii| dvivacana ghisate-ghisate miTa gyaa| parasmaipada aura Atmanepada kA bheda miTane lgaa| uccAraNa saukarya (mukha sukha) ke kAraNa vaidika saMskata kI jaTila dhvaniyA~ prAkata aura Age calakara apabhraMza meM aura sarala ho gii| napusaka liMga kA prayoga bhI kramazaH kama hone lgaa| zabdoM ke kaI vaikalpika rUpa pracalita hae jaise pUtra ke lie prAkRta kA A vAlA rUpa patto aura dUsarI ora apabhraza kA ukAra bahula rUpa putta, puttau bhI calane lgaa| kahIM putra bhI mila jAtA hai| kucha naI vibhaktiyoM kA vikAsa bhI haA jinameM purAnI hindI ke vikAsa ke bIja milate haiM jaise karau>karaha>karaha>karaho se hindI ekavacana kara tathA bahuvacana karo rUpa vikasita huA hogaa| karmaNi prayogoM meM 'ijja' (gaNijjai) ke sAtha tiGa pratyaya jor3a diyA jAtA thaa| hi aura hiM vibhakti kA prayoga prAyaH sabhI kArakoM meM hone lagA thaa| ___ parasargoM kA udaya apabhraMza kI nijI vizeSatA batAI gaI hai / pramukha parasarga honta > hontau>honti > hiu, ke raa, kera aura taNa Adi haiN| inake sAtha vidvAnoM ne apabhraza kI tIna vizeSatAyeM batAI haiM (1) kAraka aura kriyA vibhaktiyoM kI maMdatA kA ullekha pahale ho cukA hai / (2) saMskRta mala se bhinna dezaja aura rUDha zabdoM kA bhASA meM prayoga kI carcA bhI kara dI gaI hai| tIsarI vizeSatA bhASA sambandhI na hokara kAvya sambandhI hai / apabhraMza meM tukabaddha chaMdoM kA pracalana haa| bhASA ke svarUpa nirdhAraNa meM isakA kucha prabhAva avazya par3A hai| apabhraza sAhitya kI prasiddha racanAoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa viSaya-vastu ko spaSTa karane ke lie upayogI samajha kara Age prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / ___ apabhraMza sAhitya kI saMkSipta uddharaNI apabhraMza jaina sAhitya-saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA meM utkIrNa aneka zilAlekha upalabdha ho cuke haiM kintu apabhraMza meM utkIrNa zilAlekha durlabha haiN| dhArA se prApta (bambaI saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita) ekamAtra zilAlekha ke alAvA AcArya hajArI pramAda dvivedI ne hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA' meM eka anya zilAlekha (13vIM zatAbdI) kI carcA kI hai jisameM rAgho rAvala ke vaMzaja kisI rAjakumAra ke saundarya kA varNana hai / ataH zilAlekhoM dvArA apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ko samajhane meM adhika sahAyatA nahIM milatI

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 35 kintu apabhraza meM vizAla jaina sAhitya avazya upalabdha haiM jise zrAvakoM ke Agraha para jainAcAryoM ne sAdhAraNa janatA meM dharmapracArArtha janapracalita apabhraza meM likhA hai| ina racanAoM meM prAyaH kisI zalAkApuruSa (tIrthaMkara yA mahApuruSa) kA caritra citrita kiyA gayA hai athavA kisI vrata-niyama kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai / jaina lekhakoM ne apane mata kA pratipAdana avazya kiyA hai kintu isI prakAra ke anya sAmpradAyika sAhitya se yaha sAhitya isa artha meM pUrNatayA bhinna hai kyoMki mata pratipAdana karate hue kaTTaratA ke Aveza meM jaina lekhakoM ne sahiSNutA aura udAratA ko tilAMjali nahIM dI hai| inakI sAhitya racanA kA AdhAra karma-vipAka kA siddhAnta hai, isake lie kabhI-kabhI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM aura mahApuruSoM ke jIvana caritra meM kucha tor3a-maror3a avazya kiyA gayA hai| punarjanmavAda ke AdhAra para kathA kA nirmANa jaina siddhAntoM ke anusAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa sAhitya meM mahApurANa, carita kAvya, rUpaka kAvya, kathAgraMtha, sandhikAvya, rAso aura stotra-stavana Adi vividha rUpa pAye jAte haiN| triSaSTizalAkA puruSoM kA varNana athavA rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata kI kathAoM tathA unake pAtroM kA dharmAnukala citraNa hI kiyA gayA hai| prAyaH carita kAvyoM meM Azcarya tattva, camatkAra, atimAnavIya pAtroM jaise vidyAdhara, gandharva, yakSa aura deva Adi kA varNana milatA hai| taMtra-maMtra, svapna-zakuna Adi ko bhI inameM paryApta sthAna diyA gayA hai| jaina carita kAvya prAyaH padyabaddha ghaTanA-pradhAna upanyAsoM kI taraha haiM jinameM camatkAra dvArA dharmopadeza kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vidyAdharoM Adi pAtroM ko icchArUpadhArI aura camatkArI vidyAoM meM pAraMgata dikhAyA gayA hai / ve prAyaH AkAza gamana karane, adRzya ho jAne aura rUpa badalane meM samartha hote haiM / jainiyoM ne bhI brAhmaNoM kI taraha purANa likhA hai jinameM padmapurANa aura harivaMzapurANa adhika prasiddha haiN| padmapurANa meM rAmAyaNa kI kathA ko 1. dekhiye, zrIkAlIpadomitrakRta 'Magic and Miracle in Jain Antiquary. 2. revareNDa phAdara kAmila bulke-rAmakathA pR0 60-71

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aura harivaMzapurANa meM mahAbhArata kI kathA ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai kintu ina prasiddha upajIvya graMthoM kI kathA ko jainamatAnukala banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa Adi ko jainadharmAvalambI banAkara unakI gaNanA zalAkApuruSoM meM kI gaI hai| mahApurANa meM tirasaTha mahApuruSoM kI kathA hone se unheM mahApurANa kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / svayaMbhU kA paumacariu, puSpadaMta kA mahApurANa, yazaHkIrti kA pANDava-purANa aura raidhU kA harivaMzapurANa Adi isa prakAra kI prasiddha racanAyeM haiN| purANa zabda prAcIna kathA kA sUcaka hai| isameM eka hI mahApuruSa kA jIvana vaNita hotA hai| ina purANoM kI paramparA vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM racita vimalasUri ke 'paumacariya' se prArambha hotA hai| yaha prAkRta kI racanA hai| isake AdhAra para apabhraMza meM svayaMbhU kRta 'paumacaria' aisI racanAoM meM agragaNya hai| isake pazcAt puSpadanta ne bhI mahApurANa likhA kintu unhoMne guNabhadrAcArya ke uttarapurANa kI paramparA kA anugamana kiyaa| svayaMbhU (vi0 9vIM zatAbdI ) apabhraMza ke nirvivAda sarvaprathama mahAkavi haiM / ve kosalavAsI the kintu rASTrakUTa rAjA dhruva ke maMtrI rayaDA dhanaMjaya dvArA mAnyakheTa le jAye gaye the| inake mAtA-pitA kA nAma padminI aura mAruta thA / amRtAmbA aura AdityAmbA nAmaka inakI do patniyAM thIM aura inake putra kA nAma tribhuvana thA jisane apane pitA kI apUrNa kRtiyoM ko pUrA kiyA thaa| paumacariu, riTThaNemicariu (harivaMzapurANa) svayaMbhU chaMda inakI prakhyAta kRtiyAM haiN| paMcamIcariu, aura suddhaya cariu nAmaka grantha bhI inake likhe kahe jAte haiN| mahApaMDita rAhula inheM hindI kA prathama zreSTha mahAkavi mAnate haiN| 'paumacariu' meM pAMca kANDa haiN| mahApaMDita rAhula jI tulasIdAsa ko svayaMbhU se prabhAvita batAte haiN| jo ho paumacariu eka uttama prabandha kAvya hai jisameM prabandhakAvya ke sabhI lakSaNoM kA kuzalatApUrvaka nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| isake pAMca kANDoM kA nAma hai : (1) vidyAdharakANDa, (2) ayodhyAkANDa, (3) sundarakANDa, (4) yuddhakANDa, (5) uttarakANDa / 1. triSaSTi zalAkA puruSoM meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM, 12 cakravatiyoM, 9 vAsudevoM, 9 prati vAsudevoM aura 9 baladevoM kI gaNanA hotI hai /

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti sundarakANDa aura uttarakANDa ke kAraNa kucha loga mahAkavi svayaMbhU kA prabhAva rAmacaritamAnasa para dekhate haiM kintu tulasIdAsa ke mAnasa meM sAta sopAna hI haiM kANDoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| yaha racanA bhI dohe-caupAiyoM meM likhI hai| isakI kucha caupAiyoM kI tulanA bhI mahApaMDita rAhula ne mAnasa kI caupAiyoM se kI hai aura mAnasa para paumacariu kA prabhAva dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai jaise : 'vaDamANa-muha-kUhara viviggaya, rAma kahANaya eha kamaniya / akkhara vAsa jaloha-maNohara, suyalaMkAra-chaMda-macchodara / ' ise tulasIdAsa kI ina paMktiyoM se milAyA jA sakatA hai _ 'Akhara aratha alaMkati nAnA, chaMda prabandha aneka vidhAnA', Adi / ho sakatA hai ki yaha tulasIdAsa ke 'kvacidanyatopi' meM samAviSTa ho| DA0 harivallabha cUnIlAla bhayANI dvArA sampAdita siMghI jaina zAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI se yaha racanA tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho cukI hai / isameM svayaMbhU ne rAmakathA kA rUpaka nadI se bAMdhA hai aura rAma kahANai eha kamAMgaya' kahA hai / unhoMne apanI bhASA ko dezIbhASA kahA hai| ve likhate haiM 'dIha samAsa pavAhA vaMkiya sakkaya pAdapa puliNAlaMkiya / dezIbhASA ubhaya taDujjala kavi dukkhara ghaNa sddsilaayl|' ityAdi isameM sajjanoM se vinaya karate hae kavi ne apanI alpajJatA kA bakhAna kiyA hai| kavi ne khaloM kI bhI abhyarthanA kI hai| talasI ke mAnasa meM rAmakathA kA sarovara se rUpaka, unakA vinaya pradarzana, sajjanoM aura durjanoM kI vandanA Adi prasaMga isase kAphI mela khAte haiM jisake AdhAra para rAhula jI ne isakA prabhAva 'mAnasa' para svIkAra kiyA hai| pahale ke kaviyoM kA paravartI kAvya para prabhAva koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| apabhraMza ke prasiddha kavi nayanaMdi kata 'sudarzanacarita' aura lAkha kata 'jinadattacariu' AcArya kezavadAsa kI vividha chaMdoM aura nAnA alaMkAroM se alaMkata 'rAmacandrikA' kA mArgadarzaka ho sakatI haiN| jinadattacariu meM bhI pacAsoM prakAra ke chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 1. dekhiye, mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana-hindI kAvyadhArA

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38 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa svayaMbhU ne cAra vidyAoM, sandhivigraha, aThAraha tIrthAdi kA saMskRta bahula bhASA meM varNana kiyA hai| sthAna-sthAna para isameM saMskRta padyoM kA prayoga bhI mAnasa ke saMskRta padyoM kI taraha kiyA gayA hai| isakA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai 'lIloddha tailatAgrenija yuvati karaiH sevyamAnA yatheSTaM, yAvanno kuMbhi kuMbha sthala dalana paTuH kesarI saMprayAti / ' inake dUsare grantha riTThaNemicariu' yA harivaMzapurANa meM yAdava, kuru yuddha aura uttara nAmaka cAra kAMDa haiN| isakA AdhAra mahAbhArata aura harivaMzapurANa haiM kintu jainadharma ke ahiMsA siddhAMta kI rakSA ke lie kucha parivartana kiyA gayA hai jaise draupadI svayaMbara meM matsyavedha ke sthAna para dhanuSa car3hAne kI pratijJA kA hI ullekha milatA hai| svayaMbhU saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM tathA kAvyazAstra aura jaina siddhAntoM ke dhurandhara jJAtA pratIta hote haiM / kAvyatva kI dRSTi se bhI unakI kRti 'paumacariu' nissandeha eka mahAn kAvyakRti hai| dharma aura sAhitya kA itanA sundara saMgama vastutaH hindI ke mahAkavi tulasI meM hI zatAbdiyoM ke bAda phira dekhane ko milatA hai| __ puSpadanta (10vIM zatAbdI)-apabhraMza ke dUsare mahAkavi puSpadanta kAzyapa gotrotpanna brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma kezava bhaTTa aura mAtA kA nAma mugdhA devI thaa| pahale ye zaiva the pIche jaina ho gaye / Apa mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNarAja ke maMtrI bharata ke Azrita the| mAnyakheTa meM hI Apane bharata ke putra nanna ke Agraha para mahApurANa, NAyakumAracariu aura jasaharacariu nAmaka kAvya grantha likhe / ye zarIra se nirbala aura nirdhana the para bar3e pratibhAzAlI the aura apanI kAvyazakti para inheM bar3A svAbhimAna thaa| mahApurANa ke do bhAga haiM -AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa / isake vizAla kathAnaka meM aneka alaukika camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAoM ko kauzalapUrvaka gUMthA gayA hai, bIca-bIca meM aneka sarasa evaM kAvyamaya sthala haiN| zRgAra, vIra aura zAnta rasoM kI bar3I uttama vyaJjanA kI gayI hai| Apa zAstrIya rIti se AcArya kI bhAMti sulocanA ke nakhazikha kA varNana karate hue likhate haiM1. dekhiye, DaoN0 rAmasiMha tomara-"prAkata-apabhraMza sAhitya aura isakA hindI sAhitya para prabhAva / "

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 1 'pAyahuM kArya kamalu samu bhaNiyau khaNataM bhaMguru kahahiM Na rikkhai vAsari kahimiNa diTTharaM kaNNA naha pahAhi NaM arthAt usake pairoM ko kamala ke samAna kaise kahU~ / vaha kSaNabhaMgura kahA gayA hai / usake nakhoM kI prabhA se dina meM nakSatra nahIM dikhAI dete / ' puSpadanta na kRSNa kathA kA manohara varNana kiyA hai / rAmakathA meM kavi kA dhyAna kathA para adhika rahA, varNana vistAra para kama, kintu kRSNa kathA meM kavi kA mana varNana sondaya meM adhika ramA hai / isakI zailI svayaMbhU kI apekSA adhika alaMkRta, zliSTa, rUr3ha aura kahIM-kahIM kRtrima lagatI hai / svayaMbhU meM sahaja svAbhAvikatA hai para puSpadanta meM sAyAsa alaMkRti hai / DaoN0 bholAzakara vyAsa kA vicAra hai ki ina para trivikrama bhaTTa kA prabhAva par3A hogA jo zleSa aura dUrArUr3ha kalpanAoM ke premI the / DA0 bhayANI ne svayabhU ko apabhraMza kA kAlidAsa aura puSpadanta ko bhavabhUti kahA hai kintu DA0 bhA0 za0 vyAsa kahate haiM ki puSpadanta kI tulanA bhavabhUti ke bajAya mAgha se karanA adhika upayukta hai kyoMki isakI kathA meM mAgha kA pAMDitya aura camatkAra hai / yaha mahApurANa pI0 ela0 vaMdya dvArA sampAdita hokara mANikyacandra jana granthamAlA ke antargata tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita hA cukA hai / isameM mAtrika chaMdoM kA prAyaH prayoga huA hai / bhASA ziSTajanocita hai kintu isake aneka zabda prayoga Arya bhASA ke zabdarUpoM se milate-julate hai / puSpadanta kA mahApurANa mahAbhArata kI zailI kA vikasanazIla mahAkAvya he aura jaise mahAbhArata ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai 'yadi hAsti tadanyatra yannehAsti na tatkvacit' usI prakAra puSpadanta ne svayam likhA hai 'kiMcA - yadyadihAsti jaina carite nAnyatra tadvidyate, dvAvato bhAveza puSpadazanau siddha ythaadRshm|' arthAt jo yahAM hai vaha anyatra kahIM nahIM hai / 1 39 ApakI NAyakumAracariu ( nAgakumAracarita ) aura jasaharacariu nAmaka khaNDa kAvya bhI prakAzita racanAyeM haiM / prathama, pro0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA aura dvitIya, DA0 parazurAma lakSmaNa vaidya dvArA sampAdita tathA kAraMjA jaina pablikezana sosAiTI dvArA prakAzita haiM / nAgakumAracarita eka rAjA kI do rAniyoM aura unake do putroM - zrIdhara aura nAgakumAra ke pArasparika kalaha kI kahAnI hai / puSpadanta ne isameM apanI bahujJatA ke 1. DaoN0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa - hindI sA0 kA bR0 i0 bhAga 1 pR0 341 muNiyauM / NaTThai / "

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40 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bala para paurANika prasaMgoM, jyotiSa, nakSatra vidyA aura kAvyazAstra Adi kA yayAvasara prayoga kiyA hai| jasoharacariu ( yazodharacarita ) kI racanA puSpadanta ne apane samakAlIna somadeva kRta yazastilakacampa (saM0 1016 ) ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| yaha cAra saMdhiyoM kI racanA hai| isa viSaya para saMskRta, prAkRta meM aneka jaina kaviyoM ne kaI racanAyeM kI haiM jinameM vAdirAjakRta yazodharacaritra, somadevakRta yazastila kacampU. mANikyasUrikRta yazodharacaritra Adi ullekhanIya haiN| yazodhara ujjayinI kA rAjakumAra thA jo apanI rAnI ke durAcaraNa ke kAraNa vilAsamaya jIvana se virakta ho gyaa| isameM usake aneka bhavoM kI kathA karma vipAka ke anusAra dikhAI gaI hai| Age usake putra jasahara tathA usakI patnI candramati ke bhavabhramaNa kI kathA kahI gaI hai| avanti kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai : 'galakala kekArahi haMsahi morahi maMDiya jettha suhAimahi / jahiM cumucumaMti keyAra kIravara kamala sAli surahiya samIra / ' (jasahara carita pR0 16) puSpadanta kI bhASA meM muhAvaroM kA bhI acchA prayoga milatA hai| paramparita upamAnoM ke AdhAra para rAnI ke saundarya kA varNana karatA huA kavi jina zabdoM kI yojanA karatA hai usase anuprAsa kA saundarya tathA 'Na' kI AvRtti se eka jhaMkRti utpanna hotI hai yathA :-- "dhaNa kasaNa kesa dIhara NayaNA, sulaliya taNu suakara sasi vayaNA / NaM siya Nava juvvaNa ghaNa thaNA, kalahaMsa kamala komala clnnaa|'' __isameM nayana, tana, baina ko nAhaka NayaNA, vayaNA aura taNa banAyA gayA hai| kavi ko vaise saMskRta zabdoM se paraheja nahIM mAlama par3atA aura vaha keza, dIrgha, sulalita, yauvana, kalahaMsa, kamala, komala Adi kA prayoga karatA hai| dhavala-Apake pitA kA nAma sUra aura mAtA kA nAma sUllA thaa| ye bhI brAhmaNa vaMza meM utpanna hae the, kintu bAda meM jaina ho gaye the| inakA 1. DA0 harivaMza kochar3a, 'apabhraMzasAhitya' pR0 105 para uddhRta /

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maru- gurjara kI nirukti 41 'harivaMzapurANa' jo 18 hajAra padyoM kA saMkalana hai aprakAzita hai| isakA racanAkAla anizcita hai kintu anumAnataH 10vIM-11vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kI racanA hogii| yahAM bhI vahI kathA hai jo anya harivaMzapurANoM meM svIkRta hai| isameM prakRti citraNa aura alaMkRta bhASA meM kAvyamaya varNana prApta hote haiM / zRMgAra, vIra, karuNa, manohara aura zAnta rasa kA yatra-tatra acchA puTa milatA hai| isa graMtha meM 122 saMdhiyAM haiN| saMdhiyoM meM kar3avakoM kI koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM hai / saMdhiyoM ke antima dhattA meM dhavala zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| inake guru kA nAma ambasena thaa| isameM devanandi, vajrasUri, mahAsena aura raviveNa, jinasena tathA padmasena Adi kA ullekha hai, inakI bhASA kA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai : "jaMbU dIvahi sohANu asesu, ihi bharana khettiNaM suraNivesu / ' isameM mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kuNDagrAma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dhanapAla-jaina sAhitya meM dhanapAla nAma ke tIna vidvAn prasiddha haiM / prathama dhanapAla (digambara) 10 vIM zatAbdI meM 'bhavisayattakahA' ke lekhaka the| san 1813-14 I0 meM jarmana vidvAn harmana jaikobI ko ahamadAbAda ke jaina granthabhaNDAroM kA avalokana karate samaya isakI prati prApta huii| use svadeza le jAkara unhoMne usakA gahana adhyayana kiyA aura san 1918 meM pAMDityapUrNa bhUmikA ke sAtha ise myunikha meM prakAzita kraayaa| DaoN0 jaikobo ke saMskaraNa ke AdhAra para san 1923 meM zrIcimanalAla dalAla aura guNe ne isake aMgrejI saMskaraNa ko gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala sIrIja se prakAzita kraayaa| isa grantha ke prakAzana ke sAtha apabhraMza sAhitya ke adhyayana kA mArga khula gyaa| dhanapAla ke pitA kA nAma mayezvara yA mahezvara thaa| ye dhakkar3a vaizya vaMza meM utpanna hue the| inakI mAtA kA nAma dhanazrI thaa| inheM bhI apanI pratibhA para abhimAna thA aura svayam ko sarasvatI putra (sarasai bahulladdha mahAvareNa) kahate the| jaikobI ne inakA samaya 10 vIM zatI mAnA hai| pro0 bhayANI ne bhavisayattakahA kI bhASA ke AdhAra para ise svayaMbhU ke pazcAt aura hemacandra se pUrva kI racanA batAyA hai| Apa zobhana muni ke bhrAtA the| 1. DA0 harivaMza kochar3a 'apabhraza sAhitya' pR0 103

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa mahAkAvya kI kathA laukika hai| isameM khyAtavRtta nAyaka paddhati ko chor3akara laukika nAyaka kI paramparA kA sUtrapAta kiyA gayA hai| bhaviSyadatta eka vyApArI kA putra hai| isakI racanA zru tapaMcamI vrata kA mAhAtmya pratipAdita karane ke lie kI gaI hai isalie isakA apara nAma 'zrutapaMcamIkahA' bhI hai| yaha 20 saMdhiyoM kI racanA hai| isameM gajapura ke dhanapAla nAmaka vyApArI ke putra bhaviSyadatta kI kathA kA varNana hai / dhanapAla ne sarUpA nAmaka dUsarI sundarI se zAdI kara lI jisase baMdhudatta nAmaka putra huaa| dhanapAla aba prathama strI aura putra kI upekSA karane lgaa| bhaviSyadatta apane sautele bhAI se do bAra dhokhA khAkara bahata kaSTa pAtA hai kintu anta meM use saphalatA milatI hai| isameM do vivAha ke doSa aura do prakAra ke acche-bure caritroM vAle pAtroM kA guNa-doSa kuzalatA pUrvaka dikhAyA gayA hai| dhanapAla (dvitIya)-pUrva meM Apa brAhmaNa the phira jaina, pharrukhAbAda nivAsI zrI sarvadeva ke putra the| Apa prasiddha paramAra nareza bhoja ke sabhApaMDita the| saMskRta-prAkRta ke pragAr3ha paMDita aura sukavi the| ApakI racanA tilakamaMjarI prasiddha hai| 'pAithalacchInAmamAlA' bhI (prAkRta koSa) ApakI racanA batAI jAtI hai| inakI racanA 'satyapUramaMDanamahAvIrotsAha' kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| yadi yahI dhanapAla isake lekhaka haiM to isakA nizcita samaya 11 vIM zatAbdI hai kyoMki bhojarAja san 1066 meM gaddI para baiThA thA aura somanAtha para car3hAI san 1080 meM haI thii| isI samaya dhanapAla rahe hoNge| sAMcaura meM sthApita mahAvIra kI mUrti ke AkramaNakArI ke hAthoM baca jAne para bhakta bar3e utsAhita hue the, usI bhAvanA ko isa laghukRti meM darzAyA gayA hai| ise nAhaTA jI apabhraMza aura marugurjara ke madhya kI kar3I mAnate haiM aura isako bhASAvaijJAnika mahattva kI racanA batAte haiM / isameM uttarakAlIna apabhraMza kI saMjJAyeM jaise nayari aura nAhu Adi tathA kriyAyeM jaise bhaggu, bhijjai, dijjaya ke sAtha tamAma sarvanAma, vizeSaNa, jaise jeNa, kima, taNu, tAsu, bhaNa, jaNa, Avahi, bhAvahi, sirI Adi prayukta haiN| tilakamaMjarI ko Alocaka kAdambarI ke koTi kI racanA batAte haiN|

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 43 dhanapAla tRtIya bhI zAyada digambara the| Apane dhanapAla dvitIya kRta tilakamaMjarI para AdhArita 'tilakamaMjarIkathAsAra' nAmaka racanA kii| Apa 13 vIM zatAbdI ke lekhaka lagate haiN| inake atirikta eka anya "dhanapAla (caturtha 15 vI ) kA ullekha bhI milatA hai jinhoMne 'bAhubali carita' nAmaka 18 sandhi kA carita kAvya likhA jisameM prathama kAmadeva bAhubali kA caritra aMkita hai| isakI racanA candra gaDa nagara ke rAjA sAraMga ke maMtrI bAsAhara kI preraNA se vaizAkha saM0 1455 meM kI gaI hai| isameM kavi ne apane se pUrva ke aneka kaviyoM aura unakI kRtiyoM kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai| ghora kavi-saM0 1076 meM Apane 'jaMbUsAmicariu' likhaa| yaha grantha aprakAzita hai| kavi ke pitA kA nAma devadatta thA jo svayam acche kavi the| kavi ne apane pitA ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki svayaMbhU aura puSpadanta ke bAda apabhraMza ke tIsare mahAkavi ve hI the| apabhraMza kAvyoM meM sajjana-durjana ke smaraNa kI paripATI ke anusAra isameM bhI unakI abhyarthanAkadarthanA kI gaI hai| jaMbU svAmI saittau nagarI ke saMtAppiu vaNika ke putra arahadAsa ke rUpavAna putra the jinake garbhAdhAna kAla meM unakI mAtA ne jaMbU phalAdi kA svapna dekhA thA ataH unakA nAma jaMbU par3A thaa| jaMbUkumAra kI sundaratA para nagara badhuyeM Asakta thIM kintu antataH unheM virakti huI aura nirvANa prApta kiyaa| ___isameM prasaMgAnusAra vezyAoM ke saundarya evaM unake nAnA bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kavi ne ise zRMgAra-vIra mahAkAvya kahA hai| isameM zRMgAra ke varNanoM kI bahulatA bhI hai kintu DaoN0 rAmasiMha tomara ne ise zRMgAra-vairAgya kRti kahanA adhika samIcIna mAnA hai| kavi ne grantha kI samApti para likhA hai 'ivIre jaMbU samAcArie siMgAra ya' mahAkAvve mahAkai devadatta suya vIra viraiya bAraha aNupehAu bhAvaNAye vijjuccarassa savvaha siddhi gamaNaM nAma eyArasamo saMdhI paricheu smmto|" zRMgAra saundarya kA varNana karane vAle eka dohe ko bhASA ke namUne ke lie yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : "jANami ekku je vihi dhar3ai sayatuvijagU sAmaNNu / ji puNu Ayau Nimmaviu kovi pacAvai aNNu // " 1. DaoN. rAmasiMha tomara 'anekAnta varSa 9 kiraNa 10' apabhraMza kA eka zRMgAra vIra kAvya /

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (arthAt aisA pratIta hotA hai ki brahmA ne sAmAnya saMsAra kI racanA kI kintu ina sundariyoM ko kisI anya brahmA ne banAyA hai|) nayanandi - Apa apabhraMza ke utkRSTa kavi aura prakAMDa paMDita the| inhoMne 'sudaMsaNacariu' kI racanA vi0 saM0 1100 meM kii| usa samaya dhArA nagarI meM bhoja rAjya karate the| inake guru mANikanandI the jinakA inhoMne saMdhi kI puSpikA meM barAbara namana kiyA hai| granthArambha meM hI Apane likhA hai ki jinastavana ke kAraNa mujha-akuzala kavi kA kAvya bhI sukavitva se alaMkRta hogaa| magadha ke rAjA zreNika ke pUchane para gautama gaNadhara sudarzanacarita kahate haiN| campApurI meM RSabhadAsa nAmaka zreSThI aura unakI patnI aruhadAsI rahate the / isa zreSThI kA eka mitra gopAla durbhAgyavaza gaMgA meM DUba gyaa| RSabha kI patnI aruha ne svapna dekhA ki vahI gopAla marate samaya paMca namaskAra karane ke pariNAmasvarUpa RSabhadAsa zreSThI ke putra ke rUpa meM janma liyA hai| usakA nAma sudarzana par3A hai| vahI sudarzana paidA huaa| vaha bar3A sundara, AcAravAn aura dRr3havatI huaa| usI kI kathA isa cariu meM nayanandi ne kahI hai| nayanandi ne bANa aura subandhu kI kliSTa aura alaMkRta zliSTa gadya-zailI kA padya meM saphala prayoga kiyA hai / eka namUnA dekhiye : "jo ahiNava mehuviNau jaumau, jo sAmu vi adosu ujjhiyayau / sUru vi Nau kuvalaya saMtAvaNu, vajjiya rayaNiyaru viNau vihIsaNu // " arthAt jo abhinava megha hote hue bhI jalamaya na thA, usameM jala (meghA) thA kintu vaha megha kI taraha jar3a na thA / jo candra hotA huA bhI kuvalaya kA santApI na thA, jo rajanIcaroM se rahita thA kintu vibhISaNa nahIM thaa| nayanandi kI alaMkRta zailI se A0 kezava dAsa kI bhASA meM sAmya DhUr3hA jA sakatA hai| isa grantha ke alAvA nayanandi kI eka anya racanA 'sakalavidhinidhAna' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| kintu vaha dekhane meM nahIM aaii| kavi kI prasiddhi kA AdhAra sudaMsaNacariu hI hai jo apabhraMza kA utkRSTa kAvya hai aura kavi ne ise pUrNarUpeNa doSamukta batAyA hai| isameM pacAsoM taraha ke varNika evaM mAtrika chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| alaMkAroM kA camatkAra to adbhuta hai| muni kanakAmara--( 12 vIM zatAbdI) Apane 'karakaMDacariu' nAmaka 10 sandhiyoM kA prasiddha grantha likhA hai jisake prArambha meM unhoMne apane guru paMDita maMgaladeva kA smaraNa-vaMdana kiyA hai| Apa brAhmaNa kula ke candra RSi

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 45 gotra meM paidA hue the| bAda meM vairAgya huA aura digambara sAdhu bana gye| dezATana karate AsAita nagarI meM paha~ca kara inhoMne vahIM yaha grantha likhA / - inhoMne svayaMbhU aura puSpadanta kA ullekha kiyA hai isalie inakA samaya unake bAda hI hogaa| pro0 hIrAlAla jaina ne isa grantha kI racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1122 ke AsapAsa mAnA hai| inhoMne ise sampAdita karake kAraMjA jaina granthamAlA meM prakAzita bhI kiyA hai| karakaMDa kI mAtA rAja yUtrI padmAvatI ko mAtaMga nAmaka eka cAMDAla ne pAlA-poSA thaa| inake hAtha meM kaMDu (khujalI ) hone se nAma karakaMDu par3a gayA thaa| ye apanI yogyatA se dantipura ke nareza ho gaye / inhoMne madanAvatI aura rativegA se vivAha kiyA thaa| zIlagupta nAmaka muni kA sadupadeza zravaNa kara inheM vairAgya haA aura muni bana gye| isameM mUlakathA ke sAtha nau AvAntara kathAyeM haiN| mukhya pAtra karakaMDu haiN| isameM aneka bhaugolika sthAnoM kA manorama varNana hai jaise aMga deza kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai :-- "chakhaMDa bhami rayaNahaM NihANu rayaNAyaro vva sohAyamANu / etthathi khaNNau aMgadesa mahi mahilaI NaM viudivvavesu // " arthAt aMgadeza aisA sundara hai mAno pRthvIrUpI nArI ne divya veza dhAraNa kiyA ho| grantha meM vIrarasAtmaka sthala adhika haiN| yuddhoM ke phalasvarUpa kaI vivAha aura zRMgArarasa ke prasaMga bhI Aye haiN| anta meM sabakI carama pariNati nirveda meM hotI hai| karakaMDu jainoM ke zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM ke atirikta' bauddhoM ke bhI AdaraNIya mahApuruSa mAne jAte haiN| ApakI bhASA apabhraMza aura dezI bhASAoM ke prayogoM ke kAraNa bhASA vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI hai| ____dhAhila--( 12 vIM zatAbdI) Apa kI kRti 'paumasirIcariu' kI prati vi0 saM0 1191 kI likhita prApta hai ataH racanA isase kucha pUrva kI avazya hogii| zrI madhusUdana modI aura harivallabha bhayANI ne isakA sampAdana karake bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI se prakAzita karAyA hai| isameM paumasirI ke pUrva janma kI kathA kA cAra saMdhiyoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / dhArmika AvaraNa meM yaha eka sundara premAkhyAna hai| padmazrI na to aitihAsika pAtra hai aura na paurANika, balki zuddha kavi-kalpanA kI upaja hai| isameM kavi padmAvatI ke pUrva janma kI kathA dvArA mAnavoM ko apane pUrva bhavoM meM kie karmoM ke phalabhoga kA nirdeza karake use vartamAna jIvana meM puNya kArya karane kI preraNA detA hai| kAvya meM zRMgAra kI pradhAnatA hai kintu anta meM

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46 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nirveda paramparita DhaMga para prApta hotA hai| padmazrI kI rUpa zobhA kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : "unnaya vaMsumbhava AsAsiya-tihayaNa-jayaha / ahiNava-guNa suMdari cAvalaTThiya mayaraddhayahu // " isameM usake rUpa kI upamA tribhuvana ko jItane kA azvAsana dene vAle makaradhvaja kI guNasundarI yA cApayaSTI se dI gaI hai| dhAhila kI bhASA tatkAlIna apabhraMza hai| isameM prAcIna saMskRta-prAkRta prayogoM kA dabAva nahIM hai| lokoktiyoM aura subhASitoM ke prayoga se bhASA subodha evaM pravAhamaya bana gaI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki Apa mAgha kavi ke vaMzadhara the kintu ina para mAgha kI kliSTa bhASA kA prabhAva nahIM hai| Apa zrImAla vaMzIya vaizya the| Apake pitA kA nAma pArzva thaa| paumasirI ApakI ekamAtra prApta racanA hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI inakA samaya 1100 ke bAda aura 1200 se pUrva batAte haiM arthAt Apa 12 vIM zatAbdI ke kavi the| padmakIti- inhoMne 'pAsacariu' (pArzvapurANa ) nAmaka grantha likhA, isameM teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA caritra citrita hai| yaha 18 sandhiyoM meM 3 hajAra se adhika padya saMkhyA vAlA vistRta kAvya grantha hai| isakA racanAkAla sandigdha hai / grantha aprakAzita hai| isakI hastalikhita prati 16 vIM zatAbdI kI prApta hai / DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ise adhikatama 11 vIM zatAbdI kI racanA mAnate haiN| isameM bhI paramparita DhaMga para Atmavinaya, sajjanoM, darjanoM kA smaraNa Adi milatA hai| kavi kI kavitva zakti kA acchA paricaya varSA varNana, rajanI evaM candrodaya varNana, jalakrIr3A ke alAvA nArI ke saundarya varNana Adi prasaGgoM se prApta hotA hai| jalakrIr3A ke samaya rUpasiyoM ke A~khoM kA aJjana aura zarIra kA aMgarAga Adi ghala-milakara 'nirmala jala ko Avila kara detA hai| kavi isI prasaGga ke sambandha meM likhatA hai "kacchUrI caMdaNu ghusiNa raMgu, pakkhAli u salile aMgalaggu / kajjala jala bhariyahi loyaNehiM, juvaihiM mukku NaMjalu ghaNehiM / " bhASA meM anuraNAtmaka zabdoM ke prayoga kI pravRtti dikhAI detI hai| mAtrika chandoM ke atirikta bhujaGgaprayAta, sragviNI Adi varNika chandoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| Apa sambhavataH dakSiNAtya the| inake jIvana vRtta ke sambandha meM adhika sUcanAyeM nahIM mila sakI haiN| zrIdhara- Apa agravAla kulotpanna vaizya the| inakI mAtA kA nAma

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 47 vIlhA aura pitA kA nAma golha thaa| Apa hariyANA ke rahane vAle the| Apane vahIM ke naTTala sAhu kI preraNA se tIna racanAyeM 'pAsaNAhacariu', 'sukamAlacariu' aura 'bhavisayattacariu' kA praNayana kiyaa| inakA racanA kAla saM0 1189 se 1230 ke bIca nizcita kiyA gayA hai| pAsaNAhacariu kI racanA dillI meM saM0 1189 meM huii| isameM kavi ne dillI pradeza, dillI nagara aura yamunA kA varNana kiyA hai| sukamAlacariu kI racanA valau ( ahamadAbAda ) meM saM0 1208 meM huii| yaha grantha sAhu pIthA ke putra kumAra ke Agraha para likhA gyaa| isameM sukamAla svAmI ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai / ve apane pUrvabhava meM kauzAmbI ke rAjamaMtrI ke putra the| saMsAra se virakta hokara tapa kiyA ora ujjaina meM sukamAla nAma se janma liyaa| 'bhavisayattacariu' kI racanA saM0 1230 meM huii| yaha kRti mAthuravaMzI nArAyaNa sAhu kI patnI ruppiNI ke lie likhI gii| isameM zrutapaMcamI-vrata ke mAhAtmya ko bhaviSyadatta ke caritra ke mAdhyama se prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| yaha 6 sandhiyoM aura 143 kar3avakoM meM likhA eka sundara grantha hai| inakI kRtiyoM meM kAvyatva ke sAtha jaina siddhAntoM kA acchA samanvaya huaa| ye racanAyeM 13 vIM zatAbdI kI saMkrAntikAlIna bhASA kA svarUpa jAnane ke lie mahattvapUrNa mAdhyama hai| __ devasena gaNi-ApakI racanA 'sulocanAcariu' 28 sandhiyoM meM likhita 13 vIM zatAbdI kI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isakA racanAkAla nizcita nahIM hai| Apa vimalasena gaNadhara ke ziSya the| sulocanA kI kathA jaina kaviyoM kA priya viSaya rahI hai| kuvalayamAlA meM udyotanasUri ne bhI isa kathA kA jikra kiyA hai| puSpadanta, dhavala aura raviSeNa Adi ne isa kathA para AdhArita kAvya grantha likhe haiN| yaha kavi puSpadanta se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| sulocanA cakravartI bharata ke pradhAna senApati jayakUmAra kI dharmapatnI thI aura rAjA akampana kI putrI thii| isameM sulocanA ke svayaMvara ke avasara para sulocanA ko prApta karane ke lie bharata ke pUtra arthakIrti aura jayakumAra ke yuddha kA varNana prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| eka udAharaNa prastuta hai "jharajharaMta pava hiya bahurattaI, NaM kusabhaM raya rAyaM rattai / caramaraMta phADiya cala cammaiM, kasamasaMta cariya taNu vmmiN|" ityAdi / isa udAharaNa se inako bhASA kI bAnagI mila jAtI hai| isameM anuprAsa Adi alaMkAroM dvArA yuddha varNana ko sajIva banAne kA acchA prayAsa dikhAI par3atA hai|

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48 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa siMha aura siddha kavi-siMha kavi ke pitA kA nAma ralhaNa aura mAtA kA nAma jinamatI thaa| inhoMne apanI mAtA ke anurodha para pajjuNNacariu ( pradyamnacarita) nAmaka kAvya grantha likhA / grantha kI puSpikA se isake do lekhakoM-siMha aura siddha kA patA lagatA hai| ho sakatA hai ki donoM sahalekhaka hoM yA siMddha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt siMha ne grantha pUrNa kiyA ho| isameM 21 veM kAmadeva kRSNa-putra pradyumna kI kathA 15 sandhiyoM meM prastuta kI gaI hai / grantha kI sandhiyoM ke prArambha meM saMskRta ke chanda bhI die gaye haiM; ataH donoM lekhakoM meM se donoM yA koI eka lekhaka saMskRta-racanA meM kAvya-kuzala mAlama par3atA hai| paM0 paramAnanda jaina aura pro0 hIrAlAla jaina kA vicAra hai ki siddha kavi ke isa grantha kA punaruddhAra yA samApana siMha kavi ne kiyA thaa| isameM saurASTra deza kA varNana, kRSNa aura satyabhAmA kA varNana manohArI bana par3A hai| siddha kavi ke sambandha meM adhika vivaraNa nahIM mila sakA hai| yaha racanA vi0 12 vI ke anta yA 13 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha kI hogii| haribhadra-Apa 8 vIM zatAbdI ke suprasiddha AcArya haribhadra se bhinna haiN| ApakA samaya 13 vIM zatAbdI nizcita hai / Apa jinacandrasUri ke praziSya evaM zrIcandra ke ziSya the| Apane vi0 saM0 1216 meM neminAtha yA sanatkumAracarita nAmaka grantha aNahila pATana meM likhA hai| Apa siddharAja evaM kumArapAla ke amAtya pRthvIpAla ke Azrita kavi the| isa grantha kA eka aMza 'sanatkumAracarita' ke nAma se prakAzita ho cukA hai| DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne san 1921 meM ise sampAdita kara prakAzita karAyA thaa| neminAthacarita ke 443 se 785 padya saMkhyA taka kula 343 raDDA padyoM meM sanatkumAra kA caritra varNita hai| sanatkumAracarita yadyapi neminAthacarita kA eka aMza hai kintu vaha apane Apa meM pUrNa hai| isameM kavi ne jambUdvIpa, bharatakhaNDa, gajapura Adi kA kAvyamaya varNana kiyA hai| sanatkumAra gajapura ke rAjakumAra haiM jo azvArUr3ha hokara anajAna deza ko pravAsa karate haiN| unheM DhUr3hatA huA unakA eka sakhA mahendra mAnasa sarovara pahu~catA hai; vahIM donoM kI paraspara bheMTa hotI hai| isameM sanatkumAra ke vivAha, rAjabhoga Adi gRhastha jIvana ke pazcAt vairAgya aura svarga prApti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya grantha meM prematattva adhika prasphuTita huA hai / prema ke donoM pakSoMsaMyoga aura vipralambha kA sundara varNana kavi ne yatra-tatra kiyA hai| nArI zobhA, prAkRtika chaTA, vasanta varNana Adi bhI manohara bana par3e haiN| nArI saundarya kA eka varNana yahA~ prastuta hai

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 49. "jIe rayaNihiM taNu kiraNa mAlacciya dIva siva sohametu maMgala paIvaya / / savaNANa :vihusaNai namaNa kamala viimetta mevy|" ityAdi / / arthAt vaha nArI apane kiraNa mAlAcita zarIra se rAtri meM maMgalamaya pradIpa zikhA ke samAna pratIta hotI hai| vaise to anya jainakAvyoM kI taraha isakA bhI paryavasAna zAntarasa meM hotA hai kintu yaha eka sarasa premAkhyAnaka kAvya hai| isakI bhASA gurjara apabhraMza evaM maru-gurjara ke bIca kI kar3I hai, isameM rar3A chanda kA adhikatara prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ataH bhASA vikAsa evaM kAvyatva kI dRSTi se yaha apabhraMza kI eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai|| __ paNDita lAkhU yA lakkhaNa-Apane 'jiNadattacarita' nAmaka grantha vi0 saM0 1275 meM likhaa| lakhamadeva yA lakSmaNadeva kRta gamiNAhacariu jaisI racanAyeM 13 vIM zatI yA usake bhI bAda kI haiM jinakA varNana marugurjara ke Adi kAlIna sAhitya ke antargata upayukta hogaa| yadyapi kucha vidvAn inheM apabhraMza kI racanAyeM mAnate haiM kintu inameM marugurjara aura apabhraMza kA sammilita prayoga huA hai / ataH inakA vivecana maru-gurjara kI prArambhika racanAoM ke antargata hI kiyA jAnA ucita hai| isI prakAra narasena kRta zrIpAlacarita, jayamitrahalla kRta varddhamAnacarita, mANikyarAja kRta nAgakumAracarita Adi bhI utanI hI apabhraMza kI kRtiyA~ haiM jitanI prArambhika marugurjara kI haiN| vaise apabhraMza meM racanAyeM 15 zatAbdI taka lagAtAra hotI rahIM aura kucha acche kavi isa kAla meM bhI ho gae para apabhraMza kA racanA kAla 12 zatAbdI aura 13 vIM zatAbdI ke bIca hI kahIM samApta ho jAtA hai aura maru-gurjara ke vikAsa kI prakriyA spaSTa rUpa se tIvra ho jAtI hai| ataH Age se maru-gurjara bhASA sAhitya kA Adi kAla ( 13 vIM se 15 vIM) prArambha ho jAtA hai| isa kAla ke do apabhraMza kaviyoM kA ullekha saMkSepa meM avazya karanA ucita hai eka-yazaHkIrti aura dUsare mahAkavi rayadhu / ye donoM hI 15 vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiM kintu inakI racanAoM meM apabhraMza kA sazakta rUpa prayukta huA hai|| yazaHkoti-ApakI tIna racanAyeM- pANDavapurANa, harivaMzapurANa aura candappahacariu (candraprabhacarita) prApta haiN| inameM se prathama do prabandhakAvya aura antima khaNDakAvya hai| tInoM racanAyeM aprakAzita haiN| pANDava purANa kI racanA kavi ne navagA~va ke agravAla vIlhA sAhu ke putra hemarAja ke Agraha para kiyA thaa| yaha racanA kArtika zukla aSTamI vi0 saM0 1497 ko samApta huii| isameM 34 sandhiyA~ haiN| mahAbhArata meM varNita pANDavoM kI

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50 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prAcIna kathA ko kavi ne isa kRti meM jaina matAnusAra prastuta kiyA hai / mahAbhArata kI kathA se hI sambandhita harivaMzapurANa 266 kar3avakoM kI racanA hai| isameM vasudeva ke janma, kaMsa janma, kRSNa janma aura gokulavAsa tathA unakA bAlyakAla, gopIkrIr3A, vivAha, pradyumna janma, mahAbhArata yuddha se lekara kRSNa ke svargArohaNa taka kI kathA dI gaI hai| isa racanA meM kahIM-kahIM sarasa kAvyamaya prasaMga bhI haiM kintu dharmopadeza kA koI bhI upayukta avasara kavi ne hAtha se nahIM jAne diyA hai| paddhar3iyA paddhati meM likhI yaha racanA kavi ne apane AzrayadAtA divar3hA sAhu ke Agraha para bhAdra zukla saM0 1500 meM likhA thaa| isameM kula 13 saMdhiyA~ haiN| ___ candappahacariu kI racanA kavi ne kumArasiMha ke putra siddhapAla ke Agraha para kiyaa| isameM inhoMne apanI guru paramparA dI hai, usase ye gopAcalagiri para raha kara harivaMzapurANa kI racanA karanevAle (rayadhU ke guru) yazaHkIti hI pratIta hote haiN| inakI bhASA meM apabhraMza kA rUr3ha aura kRtrima rUpa adhika dikhAI par3atA hai| bhASA sAyAsa gar3hI gaI lagatI hai / eka udAharaNa apane kathana ke sandarbha meM prastuta kara rahA hU~ :--- "kallANa taM kAsi kaho taNiya varadhUpa, kiM echa e kAsiM vahuviNaya saMbhUya / Niva pucchiyA sAvikara kamala saNAe, sahibhaNiya tA tAe pacchaNNa vaayaae||"] rayadhU--( 15 vIM zatI) apabhraMza meM itanA vipula sAhityasRjana karane vAle kavi virale haiN| inakI racanAyeM siMhasena, khemasiMha aura khemarAja ke nAma se bhI milI haiN| Apa apabhraMza ke antima ke sarvAdhika sazakta mahAkavi haiN| Apa usa saMdhisthala ke kavi haiM jaba apabhraMza purAnI hindI kA rUpa le calI thI isalie Apa apabhraMza ke kavi to haiM hI, sAtha hI marugurjara ke bhI kavi haiN| bhASA vikAsa kA adhyayana karane ke lie ApakI racanAyeM baDI mahattvapUrNa haiN| ApakI prasiddha racanA 'padmapurANa' 11 saMdhiyoM aura 265 kar3avakoM meM likhI jaina matAnukala rAma kathA hI hai| isa kRti me gavvaggirI ( gopAcalagiri ) aura rAjA DUgarendra kA ullekha hone se isakA racanA sthAna aura samaya nirdhArita karane meM bar3I suvidhA hai| inake samakAlIna gopAcala nareza DUgarasiMha tathA inake suputra rAjAkIrtisiMha Apake bhakta the| usa samaya gvAliyara kA durga jaina saMskRti kA kendra thaa| Apa 1. DaoN0 harivaMza kochar3a 'apabhraMza sAhitya' pR0 126 se uddhRta /

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti kASThAsaMghIya mAthura gaccha ke kavi the| Apake pitA kI harisiMha saMdhI pavAMyA ( gvAliyara ) vAsI puravAla jAti ke zreSThI the| inakI mAtA kA nAma vijayazrI thaa| inake pitA bhI vidvAn evaM kavi the ataH vidvattA inheM virAsata se prApta thii| kahA jAtA hai ki inheM sarasvatI devI ne svapna meM kAvya racanA kA Adeza diyA thaa| aba taka inakI 23 racanAoM kA patA cala cukA hai| unakI sUcI nimnAGkita hai--pUNyAzravakathAkoSa, aNathamIkathA, samyaktvakaumudI, pArzvacarita, sukauzalacarita, meghezvaracarit, padmacarita, dhanyakumAracarita, sanmatijinacarita, jIvandharacarita, karakaMDu carita, zrIpAlacarita, yshodhrcrit| inhoMne apanI racanA 'sammata guNaNihADa' kI samApti kA samaya saM0 1490 batAyA hai tathA sukauzalacarita saM0 1496 meM likhA hai| dhanyakumAracarita meM inhoMne guNakIrti ko apanA guru batAyA hai| kahIM-kahIM yazaHkIrti ko bhI inakA guru kahA hai| ataH saba bAtoM kA vicAra karate hue ApakA racanA kAla saM0 1468 se 1536 taka ThaharatA hai| inake prasiddha khaNDakAvya sukauzalacarita meM ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA kIrtidhara ke putra sukauzala kA mahAn caritra citrita hai| Apake pitA virakta hokara muni ho gye| rAnI ko Dara lagA ki kahIM usakA putra bhI pitA ke samAna virakta na ho jAya isalie usane nagara meM muniyoM ke praveza para pratibandha lagA diyaa| munivezadhArI apane pitA ko hI sipAhiyoM dvArA nagara-praveza se varjita karate dekha kumAra sukauzala ko bhI virakti ho gaI aura vaha bhI muni ho gayA tathA jainadharma kI sAdhanA karake mukta huaa| yaha racanA raNamalla ke Azraya meM kI gii| 'sanmatinAthacarita' meM kavi ne yazaHkIrti ko apanA guru kahA hai aura unhIM kI preraNA se usane yaha racanA gopAcalagiri para kI thii| valabhadrapurANa harisiMha sAhu ko samarpita hai| isakA racanAkAla saM0 1496 hai| samyaktvakaumudI kI racanA unhoMne kIrtisiMha ke lie kI thii| ye apabhraMza paramparA ke antima AcArya evaM mahAkavi ho gaye haiN| inhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta aura adhikatara apabhraMza meM racanAyeM likhI haiN| Apa digambara sampradAya ke kavi the| Apa kI bhASA jagahajagaha tatkAlIna bolacAla kI bhASA ke karIba dikhAI par3atI hai kintu usakA mUla DhA~cA apabhraMza kA hai| isake zabda thor3e heraphera se vraja, bundelI 1. DaoN. rAjArAma jaina 'apabhraMza bhASA ke saMdhi kAlIna mahAkavi rayadhU' AcArya bhikkhu smRti grantha /

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52 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke zabdoM kA rUpa le lete haiM jaise jotiya ( jotakara ) dhUlu ( dhUla ), Tale, jhaDappa Adi / Apa sUradAsa se 70-75 varSa pUrva ho gye| sUrapUrva vrajabhASA kA mahattvapUrNa prayoga ApakI racanAoM meM upalabdha hai| sukauzalacarita ke Arambha meM kavi ne Atmadainya vyakta karate hue jo paMktiyA~ likhI haiM unakI chApa sUra ke 'caraNakamala vandau harirAI' vAle pada para dikhAI detI hai| purAnI hindI yA marugurjara ke prArambhika yuga ke apabhraMza dhArA ke isa mahAkavi kI vipula kAvya sampadA se navavikasita marugurjara sAhitya ko bhASA evaM kAvya sambandhI pracura sahAyatA prApta huI hai| apabhraMza kI prabandha kAvya dhArA kA inhIM mahAkavi ke sAtha samApana karatA huA maiM Agraha karatA hU~ ki inake adhyayana kI tarapha adhikAdhika anusaMdhitsuoM ko dhyAna denA caahiye| jaina rAsa sAhitya-apabhraMza meM rAsa sAhitya kI tIna dhArAyeM milatI haiM-(1) jaina muniyoM kI dhArmika rAsa dhArA, (2) carita kAvya sambandhI rAsa aura (3) laukika prema sambandhI rAsa / vivecya kAla arthAt 12 vIM 13 vIM zatAbdI taka apabhraMza meM likhita rAsoM kI saMkhyA kama hI upalabdha hai / isa kAla ke prasiddha AcArya jinadatta sUri kRta 'upadezarasAyanarAsa' (saM0 1171) eka laghu rAsa kRti hai| prArambha meM rAsa laghu AkAra ke hote hI the| yaha paddhaDiyA aura caupai chandoM meM likhita zrAvakoM ke lie sadAcaraNa kA nirdeza karane vAlI racanA hai| isameM kavi ne apane guru jinavallabhasUri kI vaMdanA ke alAvA mAgha, kAlidAsa aura bhAravi Adi saMskRta ke prasiddha kaviyoM kA bhI sammAnapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| isa rAsa meM tatkAlIna nATaya paddhati para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, yathA :-- "dhamliya nADya para naccijjahi, bharaha sagara nikkhamaNa kahijjahiM / cakkavaTTi balarAyaha cariyaiM, nacciti aMti haMti pvvimiN|" arthAt dhArmika nATaka ( nRtya para AdhArita ) khele jAte haiM aura una nATakoM meM sagara, bharata Adi ke niSkramaNa tathA cakravartI baladeva Adi ke caritra kahe jAte haiN| isameM A0 jinadatta ne apane guru yuga pradhAna jinavallabha, jaina saMgha, sAdhu-sAdhvI ke sammAna-satkAra tathA kRpaNoM kI samyaktvahInatA kA varNana kiyA hai| antima kucha padyoM meM gahasthoM-zrAvakoM ke samucita jIvananirvAha paddhati para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha jaina rAsoM meM prApta prathama rAsa grantha samajhA jAtA hai| ApakI anya do racanAoM, 1. hindI sA0 kA bR0 i0 bhAga 3, pR0 297 /

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti "carcarI' aura 'kAlasvarUpakulaka' meM prathama spaSTa marugurjara kI racanA lagatI hai, ataH isakA varNana yathAsthAna vahIM kiyA jaayegaa| kAlasvarUpakulaka ko upadezakulaka bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM kriyA se sambandhita pAMca-chahaH chaMda haiM, guru kI mahimA kA varNana hai aura isIlie saba milAkara ise kulaka kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| isameM sadguru kI upamA go dugdha aura kuguru kI Aka dugdha se dI gaI hai| inake upadeza rasAyana kI paramparA meM paravartI racanAyeM buddhirAsa, jIvadayArAsa Adi ullekhanIya haiN| bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa Adi 13 vIM zatAbdI kI rAsa racanAoM kA vivaraNa yathAsthAna Age diyA jAyegA kyoMki ve marugurjara kI racanAyeM haiN| Apake pitA vAchiga huMbaDa vaMzIya the aura mAtA kA nAma bAhar3a devI thaa| ApakA janma gujarAta ke gholakA nagara meM saM0 1132 meM haA thaa| ApakA dIkSA nAma somacandra thA, saM0 1169 meM Apa jinadattasUri ke nAma se AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue the| Apa bar3e vidvAn aura pratibhAzAlI AcArya hue| kavivara samayasundara ne Apake vyaktitva para racanAyeM kI haiN| ApakA svargavAsa saM0 1211 meM huaa| ApakI racanAyeM 'apabhraMza kAvyatrayI' meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| ___isa samaya kI kucha aisI racanAyeM bhI haiM jinakA kucha aMza apabhraMza bhASA meM hai aura kucha marugurjara meM hai| saM0 1160 meM racita varddhamAna sUri kI racanA RSabhacarita, devacandra kRta zAntinAthacarita aura lakSmaNagaNi kRta supAsanAhacaritra meM apabhraMza ke paryApta aMza pAye jAte haiN| zuddha muktaka yA sphuTa racanAkAroM se pUrva kucha una kaviyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA jAyegA jinhoMne muktaka ke sAtha choTe-choTe kathA kAvya bhI likhe haiN| inameM sAdhAraNa aura devacandra kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| ___ sAdhAraNa-Apane saM0 1123 meM vilAsavaikahA kI racanA kii| Apane aneka stuti, stotra, stavana Adi likhe haiN| bAda meM ApakA nAma siddhasena sUri pdd'aa| isa kathA kI prati jaisalamera bhaMDAra meM surakSita hai| yaha racanA ahamadAbAda ke samIpa dhuMdhu kA grAma meM huii| isameM 11 saMdhiyAM haiN| yaha haribhadrasUrikRta samarAiccakahA ke AdhAra para likhI gaI hai aura kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bar3I mahattvapUrNa hai| Apa 1. A0 jinadatta kI tInoM racanAoM ko paM0 lAlacanda bhagavAnadAsa gAndhI ne sampAdita karake vidvattApUrNa prastAvanA ke sAtha gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala sIrIja meM prakAzita karAyA hai|

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54 maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa koTikagaNa vajra zAkhA meM bappabhaTTi sUri kI paramparA meM yazobhadrasUri gaccha ke vidvAna the / devacandra - sulasAkhyAna ApakI apabhraMza meM likhI 17 kar3avakoM kI racanA hai / isameM sulasA satI kA AkhyAna hai / bhASA apabhraMza hai / muktaka yA sphuTa kAvya - 12 vIM zatAbdI ke navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri kRtta 'jayatihuyaNa' nAmaka prasiddha stotra apabhraMza kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai kintu isameM marugurjara ke prayoga pracura haiM ataH isakA vivaraNa vahIM hogA / yogIndu yA yogIndrAcArya - inakA samaya anizcita hai / harivaMza kochar3a inheM navIM zatI kA, rAhula jI inheM 10 vIM aura zrI nAhaTA 12 vIM tathA desAI 13 vIM zatAbdI kA kavi batAte haiM kintu zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ke mata se adhikatara loga sahamata haiM / ApakI racanA 'paramappayAsu' yA paramAtmaprakAza eka AdhyAtmika racanA hai jise AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye ne sampAdita karake prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI se san 1937 meM prakAzita karAyA hai / yaha grantha do adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai / yogIndra kA koI ziSya bhaTTa prabhAkara AtmA-paramAtmA sambandhI prazna AcArya se pUchatA hai unhIM kA uttara dene ke lie AcArya ne yaha racanA kI hai / isameM bahirAtmA, antarAtmA, paramAtmA Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / mokSa, samAdhi, samabhAva Adi kA varNana hai / mokSa kA varNana kavi isa prakAra karatA hai :" jahiM bhAvai tahiM jAhi jiya jaMbhAvai kari taMji / mbai bhokkhu NaM asthi para cittaha zuddhiNa jaMji // " arthAt cittazuddhi hI mokSa kA ekamAtra sAdhana hai / isakI bhASA sarala, subodha ora spaSTa hai / vibhaktisUcaka pratyayoM ke sthAna para kahIM-kahIM parasargoM kA prayoga usakI agragAmitA kA sUcaka hai / zabda samUha meM 'pathaDA' ( siddhi kA mArga ) Adhunika bhASAI pravRtti hai / lei ( lenA ), leti, dekhai, jAi, bujjhaI, laggai, rukkhe ( vRkSa se ) koi, joi ( dekhanA ) Adi zabda purAnI hindI yA marugurjara ke bhI zabda haiM / inakI dUsarI racanA yogasAra yA dohAsAra bhI paramAtma prakAza ke sAtha hI DaoN0 upAdhye dvArA sampAdita - prakAzita ho cukI hai| isakA viSaya isake nAma se hI spaSTa hai, namUnA dekhiye :"Au galai gavi maNu galai gavi AsA hu galei / moha phurai gavi appa hiu ima saMsAra bhai // 49 // Ayu kSINa hotI jAtI hai, kintu mana aura AzA kSINa nahIM hotI; moha bar3hatA na ki Atmacintana; phalataH jIva bhava - bhramaNa karatA hai / isake aneka dohe spaSTa marugurjara yA purAnI hindI ke pratIta hote haiM ataH vahA~ bhI inakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai kintu ye donoM ke madhya kI kar3I haiM /

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 55 munirAmasiMha-Apako pAhur3a dohA kA racayitA mAnA gayA hai| kintu kucha loga yogIndu ko hI isakA bhI lekhaka mAnate haiN| yaha paramAtmaprakAza kI bhA~ti hI lokapriya racanA hai| DaoN0 upAdhye kA vicAra hai ki yaha racanA yogIndu kI hI hai| rAmasiMha mAtra eka paramparAgata nAma hai| inake kAla nirdhAraNa meM bhI isIlie vidvAn ekamata nahIM haiN| isa racanA ke dohoM ko A0 hemacandra ne uddha ta kiyA hai ataH ye unase pUrva avazya likhe gaye hoNge| ataH isakI racanA 12 vIM zatI ke pazcAt nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| pAhur3a dohe ke kucha dohe devasena kRta sAvayaghamma meM bhI milate haiM isalie inakA samaya 10 vIM se 12 vIM ke bIca anizcita hai| yaha pro0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita hokara kAraMjA jaina pablikezana sosAiTI dvArA vi0 saM0 1990 meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| pAhur3a zabda kA artha vizeSa viSaya ke pratipAdaka grantha ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke prAyaH sabhI grantha pAhur3a kahe jAte haiN| vaise yaha zabda saMskRta 'prAbhRta' kA apabhraMza mAnA jAtA hai jisakA artha hai 'uphaar'| isa artha meM pAhura zabda Aja bhI pUrvI uttara-pradeza ke dehAtoM meM pracalita hai| A0 kundakunda ke bhAvapAhur3a kA prabhAva pAhur3a dohA para mAnA jAtA hai| donoM racanAoM meM rahasyavAdI pravRtti kI jhalaka milatI hai| ina dohoM para gorakhapaMthI prabhAva bhI lakSita hotA hai jo tatkAlIna eka sabala paramparA thii| isameM kula 222 padya haiN| isakI bhASA zaurasenI apabhraMza aura marugurjara ke bIca kI kar3I hai| isalie mahattvapUrNa hai| isakI bhASA kA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai : "hattha aTThahaM devalI kalahaM NAhi pavesu / saMtu NirajaMNu tahiM basai Nimmalu hoi gavesu // " svayaM ko strI aura AtmA ko priya mAnakara ekAkAra ho jAne kI bhAvanA bhI hai; yathA "hauM saguNI piuNiguNau NillakkhaNu NI saMgu / ekahi aMgi vasaMtayahaM milihu Na aMgihi aMgu // " isameM nirAkAra-nirajaMna asIma priya se sImA ke milana kI AturautkaMThA saMta sAhitya ke rahasyavAda se kAphI mela khAtI hai| ye racanAyeM bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizeSatA-anekatA meM ekatA kI sUcaka haiN| inakI bhAva dhArA aura bhASA samasta uttara bhArata meM vyApta saMtakAvya dhArA ke mela meM hai aura isakI bhASA samUce uttara bhArata kI kAvyabhASA zaurasenI apabhraMza yA usakA vikasita paravartI rUpa hai|

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa suprabhAcArya-vairAgyasAra ke lekhaka suprabhAcArya digambara sAdhu the / inakI kRti kevala 77 padyoM kI choTI racanA hai jisake racanA-sthAna evaM samaya ke sambandha meM kucha nizcita jJAta nahIM hai| vairAgya bhAva kA upadeza detA huA kavi kahatA hai : 'ikkahiM ghare badhAmaNA aNaMhi ghari dhAjahi rovijjai / paramatthai suppau bhaNaMi, kima vairAya bhAuNa kijjai / ' isI prakAra sAMsArika viSayoM kI asAratA, yauvana, dhana, saundarya kI nazvaratA kA dohoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| inakI bhASA meM Adhunika dezI bhASAoM se milate-julate bahutere zabda prayoga mila jAte haiM jaise --masANa (zmazAna) lakkar3a (lakar3I) athavA ukti-muNDa ki Avai koI ( kyA koI mara kara AtA hai) kartA aura karma kA bahavacana banAne ke lie zabdoM ke anta meM, ha, haM vibhakti lagAte haiM jaise mANasaha, bhamaMtaha Adi / devasena--upadeza paraka muktaka racanAoM meM ApakI kRti sAvayadhammadohA (zrAvakadharmadohA) adhika loka pracalita hai| kucha loga yogIndu aura kucha loga lakSmIcandra ko isakA lekhaka samajhate haiM kintu eka prati meM isa grantha ko devasena upadiTTha kahA gayA hai| isa kRti kA unakI anya kRtiyoM jaise bhAvasaMgraha Adi se paryApta mela baiThatA hai| inakI anya racanAyeM darzanasAra, ArAdhanAsAra, tattvasAra, AlApa paddhati Adi batAI jAtI haiN| isa kRti ke prArambha meM paMcaguruoM kI vaMdanA, maMgalAcaraNa, dharma kI mahattA batAI gaI hai / eka sthAna para kavi durlabha manuja zarIra ko prApta kara bhogoM meM lipta rahane vAloM ke lie cetAvanI detA huA kahatA hai ki usa murkha ne IMdhana ke lie mAno kalpavakSa ko samala ukhAr3a diyA hai| yaha racanA pro0 hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita hokara ambAdAsa digambara jaina granthamAlA ke antargata saM0 1989 meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| inhoMne dohoM kI bhASA ko dezIbhASA kahA hai yathA :'jiNasAsaNa bhAsiyau so mai kahiyau sAru / jo pAle saibhAu kari so tari pAvai paaru|' isameM prayukta zabda rUpa, vibhakti dhAturUpa saba dezabhASA ke haiN| yaha apabhraMza ke kAphI vikasita rUpa kI paricAyaka hai| isameM gharataNau jaise (ghara kA) parasargoM kA prayoga; kaccAsaNa (kaccA bhojana) thoDau, bahuttu kappaDi, loNi jaise zabda prayoga use marugurjara ke kAphI samIpa pahu~cA dete haiM / viSayoM ke tyAga kA upadeza detA kavi eka sthAna para likhatA hai

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 57 'ruvahu uppari rai ma kari, NayaNa NivArahi jaMta / ruvAsatta payaMgaDA pevakhahi dIvi paData / ' 126 / - arthAt rUpa para rati mata kara, rUpa para Asakta pataMga dIpaka meM par3atA hai / ityaadi| prabandha kAvyoM meM to yatra-tatra kavitva ko avasara mila jAtA hai kintu upadeza pradhAna muktakoM meM nIti, vairAgya, zrAvakAcAra, tattvajJAna jaisI gambhIra evaM zuSka bAteM itanI vyApta ho jAtI haiM ki sarasatA evaM kavitva ke lie zAyada hI avakAza mila pAtA hai| inakI Rjukathana zailI, bhASA kI prAsAdikatA avazya inheM subodha aura paThanIya banAye rakhane meM sakSama hotI hai| 12vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt saMgrahIta vividha granthoM meM apabhraMza ke sphuTa padya paryApta mAtrA meM milate haiN| aise granthoM meM hemacandrAcArya ke vyAkaraNa ke atirikta somaprabhAcArya kRta kumArapAlapratibodha, merutuGga kRta prabandhacintAmaNi, rAjazekharasUri kRta prabandhakoza aura purAtana-prabandhasaMgraha Adi ullekhanIya haiN| prabandha cintAmaNi meM aneka aitihAsika mahApuruSoM kA AkhyAna milatA hai| isameM tailapa dvArA muJja ke baMdI kie jAne se sambandhita aneka mArmika padya pAye jAte haiN| AcArya hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| unhoMne apane vyAkaraNa meM udAharaNasvarUpa pUre ke pUre chanda dohe Adi pracura mAtrA meM uddhRta karake lupta hote hue apabhraMza sAhitya ko bacAne meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai / Apa apabhraMza ke antima mahAn AcArya ho gaye haiN| ApakI racanAoM meM 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi', kAvyAnuzAsana, chaMdonuzAsana, dezInAmamAlA, dvAzrayamahAkAvya, yogazAstra, dhAtupArAyaNa, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pariziSTaparva aura siddhahaima yA zabdAnuzAna mahattvapUrNa haiM / Apane kumArapAla carita meM apabhraMza kA sUtra samajhAyA hai| eka udAharaNa dekhiye :-- 'girihevi aNiu pANiu pijjai, taruhevi nipaDiu phalu bhnnikhnyji| girihuMva taruhuMva paDiau acchai viSayahi tahavi virAuna gcchi|' hindI rUpAntara 'girihiM mi Avyo pAnI pIjai, taruhaM minipatyo phala bhkkhiijai| girihumi taruhumi paDiyo Achai viSayahaM tadapi virAma na gacchai / '

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50 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa unake vyAkaraNa se eka aura sarasa udAharaNa uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : 'aMgahi aMga na miliyau, hali ahare aharu na puttu, piya jo anti he muha kamalu ambai surau samattu / / yahAM ambai-ave, paMjAbI ave, hindI yo hI, gujarAtI amaja kA bodhaka hai| inameM zRGgAra, nIti, vairAgya, vIra Adi ke bar3e prabhAvazAlI chanda pAye jAte haiN| jinase tatkAlIna bhASA kA svarUpa samajhane meM bar3I suvidhA hotI hai| ____ rUpaka kAvya-somaprabhAcArya ke kumArapAla pratibodha kA eka aMza 'jIva manaH karaNa saMlApa kathA rUpaka kAvya hai jo muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita, seMTrala lAibrerI, bar3audA se san 1920 meM prakAzita hai| isameM indriyoM ko pAtra banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa paramparA meM Age calakara harideva kRta mayaNaparAjaya aura vuccarAya kRta mayaNajujjha Adi rUpaka racanAyeM prApta hotI haiN| kathA sAhitya jaina lekhakoM ne janasAdhAraNa meM apane mata kA pracAra karane ke lie nAnA prakAra kI manoraMjaka kathAoM kA nirmANa kiyA / ye kathAgrantha saMskRta ke vAsavadattA, dazakumAra Adi laukika kathAoM ke samAna hI haiN| inameM kisI loka prasiddha pAtra ko kathA kA kendra banAkara vIra, zRGgArAdi rasoM kA carvaNa karAtA huA lekhaka sabakA upasaMhAra vairAgya aura zama meM kara detA hai / inameM pUrvabhavoM kI aneka adbhuta kathAyeM aura avAntara kathAoM kA tAnAbAnA bunA rahatA hai| kathA sAhitya cirantana kAla se lokaraMjana evaM manoraMjana kA mAdhyama rahA hai| ataH isakA pravAha cirakAla se satat pravahamAna hai| isa vizAla bhAratIya kathA sAhitya meM jaina kathA granthoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina sAhitya meM kathA kI paramparA prAkRta saMskRta se hotI apabhraMza taka AI jisameM siddharSi kRta upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA (10vIM), dhanapAla kRta tilakamaMjarI, pAdalipta kRta taraMgavatI, saMghadAsagaNi kRta vasudevahiMDI, haribhadrakRta samarAiccakahA aura udyotanasUri kRta kuvalayamAlAkahA Adi vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| hariSeNa kRta dhammaparikkhA apabhraMza kI mahattvapUrNa racanA (11vIM zatAbdI) hai| Apake pitA zrI govardhata mevAr3a ke siriujapura meM dhakkar3avaMza meM paidA huye the| lekhaka vahAM se acalapura jAkara rahane lagA aura vahIM

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti yaha racanA kI gaI / inake guru kA nAma siddhasena thaa| yaha racanA jayarAma kRta dhammaparikkhA ke AdhAra para huI hai| kintu prAkRta kI yaha racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| inake samakAlIna amitagati ne 26 varSa bAda dharmaparIkSA saMskRta meM likhii| isameM brAhmaNa dharma para vyaMgya hai| prAkRta meM haribhadra racita dhUrtAkhyAna isa racanA kA pUrvavartI preraka grantha samajhA jA sakatA hai| dhUrtAkhyAna meM vyaMgya halakA hai kintu dhammaparikkhA meM bahuta kar3A hai| kathAkoSa--zrI candra kavi kRta 53 saMdhiyoM kI yaha aprakAzita racanA hai| yaha kavi A0 kundakunda kI paramparA meM vIracanda kA ziSya thaa| yaha aNahilapura ke mUlarAja kA samakAlIna thaa| yaha mUlarAja dvitIya (saM0.11761178) ho sakatA hai| isameM 53 kathAyeM saMkalita haiN| sabhI dhArmika aura upadeza pradhAna haiM / kathAoM meM pazu-pakSiyoM ko bhI pAtroM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa paramparA meM somaprabhAcArya kRta kumArapAla pratibodha ke antargata sthUlibhadra kathA hai / dUsarI racanA 'chakkammovaesa' (SaTkarmopadeza ratnamAlA) cAlukyavaMzI rAjA kRSNa ke zAsanakAla saM0 1247 meM likhI gaI hai| pro0 hIrAlAla jaina ne suandhadahamIkathA, uddharaNakathA Adi kathA granthoM kA ullekha ilAhAbAda yUnivarsiTI jarnala bhAga 1, pR0 181 para kiyA hai| jainetara apabhraMza kAvya-jaina dhArmika prabandha evaM muktaka kAvyoM ke alAvA isa kAlAvadhi meM aneka laukika prabandha evaM muktaka kAvya jainetara kaviyoM dvArA bhI likhe gye| inameM addahamANa kRta saMdezarAsaka sarvapradhAna hai| yaha dharma nirapekSa laukika premabhAvanA ko vyakta karane vAlA eka musalamAna kavi dvArA likhA gayA apabhraMza kAvya hai| yaha eka saMdeza kAvya hai aura rAsaka yA rAso zailI meM likhA gayA hai| vijayanagara kI eka sundarI apane pravAsI pati ke viraha meM vyAkula hokara eka pathik se saMdeza bhejatI hai / isakA antima aMza bar3A mArmika hai| vaha kahatI hai jai aNakkharu kahiu mai pahiya / 'ghaNa dukkhA unniyaha mayaNa aggi virahiNi palitti hi, taM pharasau milhi tuhu viNiyamaggi pabhaNijja mattihi / ' arthAt he pathik yadi viraha pIr3itA, kAmAkulA maiMne kucha akathya kahA ho to use sudhAra kara kahanA / isa kAvya meM vipralambha zRGgAra kI pradhAnatA

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai / isakI bhASA prAyaH bolacAla kI apabhraMza hai| A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI kavi ahahamANa kI kAvya kuzalatA kA varNana karate hue kahate haiM ki kavi prAkRtika dRzyoM kA citra isa kuzalatA se aMkita karatA hai ki isase virahiNI ke virahAkula hRdaya kI marmavedanA mukharita ho uThatI hai| varNana cAhe jisa dRzya kA ho vyaJjanA hRdaya kI komalatA aura marmavedanA kI hI hotI hai| meghadUta kI zailI meM likhita 223 padyoM ke isa saMdeza kAvya meM pathik virahiNI ko aneka prakAra se AzvAsana detA hai / prasaMgAnusAra isameM viraha varNana ke alAvA vasaMta Rtu aura nArIzobhA tathA mAnavIya saMvedanazIlatA kA bhI bhAvuka citraNa huA hai / jaba vaha virahiNI ko samajhA rahA hotA hai usI samaya usakA pati AtA dIkha gayA aura kAvya kA camatkArika DhaMga se upasaMhAra ho gyaa| yaha 14vIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika caraNa kI racanA hai| isakI TIkA saM0 1465 kI prApta hai ataH racanA aura pahale kI hogii| 'prAkRta paiMgalam' nAmaka eka anya apabhraMza kA saMkalana grantha hai jisameM kathA sUtra ke sAtha-sAtha muktaka chanda bhI saMgrahIta haiN| isakI bhASA sarala apabhraMza hai / isakA saMkalana 14vIM zatI meM hI huA hogaa| isameM apabhraMza kA vikasita kintu sarala rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai| laukika prema kaviyoM meM eka anya mahattvapUrNa kavi vidyApati haiN| inakI prasiddha racanA 'kIrtilatA' dvArA pAThakoM ko pUrvI avahaTTa kA paricaya prApta hotA hai / yaha eka aitihAsika carita kAvya hai jisameM rAjA kIrtisiMha kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| yaha bhI 15vIM zatI kI racanA hai| isI prakAra rAjasthAnI rAso grantha-pRthvIrAjaso, vIsaladevarAso, paramAlarAso Adi bhI isI samaya kI racanAyeM haiM kintu isa prabandha kA uddezya jaina sAhitya para hI vizeSa prakAza DAlanA hai ataH unakA nAmollekha karake hI santoSa kiyA jA rahA hai| __ bauddha apabhraMza sAhitya-dhArmika yA sAmpradAyika apabhraMza sAhitya mukhya rUpa se jainoM dvArA hI likhA gayA hai kintu kAphI racanAyeM bauddhoM aura zaivoM dvArA bhI isI koTi kI racI gaI haiM jinakI saMkSipta carcA aprAsaMgika 1. A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI-hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti na hogI / bauddha apabhraMza sAhitya meM sarvaprathama siddhoM kI racanAyeM milatI haiN| ma0 ma0 haraprasAda zAstrI ne san 1916 meM vaMgIya sAhitya pariSad, kalakattA se inakA eka saMkalana 'bauddhagAna o dohA' zIrSaka se prakAzita kraayaa| pro0 prabodhacandra bAgacI ne isakI tibbatI prati ke AdhAra para isake mUlapATha kA saMzodhana aura sampAdana kiyaa| isa kSetra meM rAhula jI ke prayatnoM se hindI jagat bhalIbhAMti paricita hai| kaNNa, bhusuka, saraha, kukkurI, luipA, zabara, zAntipAda Adi siddhoM kI vANiyoM kA saMkalana, adhyayana kAphI ho cukA hai| caryAgItoM meM apane vicAroM ko siddhoM ne rUpakoM ke sahAre vyakta kiyA hai / naukA, cUhA, hAthI, hariNa Adi ke rUpaka dvArA viSaya ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| carcAgIta geya padoM ke rUpa meM haiM, jinameM vibhinna rAgoM kA nirdeza milatA hai| dohAkoSa meM pradhAna chaMda dohA hai / caupai, aDilla, pajjhaTikA, gAthA, rolA, ullAlA. Adi chaMdoM kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai| inakI bhASA do rUpoM meM milatI hai, eka pUrvI apabhraMza jisameM pazcimI apabhraMza ke zabda rUpa bhI milate. haiM, dUsarA pazcimI apabhraMza / caryAgItoM meM pUrvI aura dohAkoSa meM pazcimI apabhraMza kA adhika prayoga milatA hai| inakI racanAoM meM akkhar3apana, vairAgya, guru mahimA Adi kA vizeSa varNana hai| isakA hindI ke nirguNa sAhitya para prabhAva spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai| zaivoM kI apabhraMza racanAyeM-kazmIra kA advaita aura trika zaiva sampradAya apane vicAroM ko apabhraMza meM hI vyakta karatA hai| kAzmIrI apabhraMza meM zitikaNThAcArya ne prasiddha kRti 'mahAnaya prakAza' likhI hai, isameM trika sampradAya kA vivecana hai| inhoMne isakI saMskRta TIkA bhI likhI / isakA bhI racanAkAla 15vIM zatAbdI hI hai java apabhraMza vahAM kazmIrI ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahI thii| yaha kazmIrI bhASA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM siddhAnta vivecana kI pradhAnatA hai, sAhityikatA nahIM milatI / inakA mahattva tatkAlIna sAdhanA evaM bhASA kA rUpa samajhane kI dRSTi se hI hai| ___ apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kA saMkSipta paricaya marugurjara bhASA aura sAhitya ko samajhane meM sahAyaka hogA ataH aba taka usakI carcA kI gaI hai / aba hama marugurjara bhASA aura usake sAhitya ke sambandha meM apabhraMza kI pRSThabhUmi para suvidhApUrvaka vicAra kara skeNge| pUrvavartI bhASA evaM sAhitya

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke sAtha tatkAlIna sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika pIThikA kA adhyayana bhI isa sandarbha meM adhika upAdeya hogA kyoMki koI sAhitya apane samAja kA pratibiMba, pratinidhi aura pathapradarzaka bhI hotA hai ataH jaina marugurjara bhASA sAhitya kI sAmAjika-sAMskRtika pIThikA bhI saMkSipta rUpa se Age prastuta kI jA rahI hai| __AdikAlIna jaina sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi-guptakAla bhAratIya itihAsa kA svarNayuga thaa| kAlidAsa, amarasiMha, AryabhaTTa jaisI vibhUtiyoM kI kRtiyoM se Aja bhI deza kA mastaka unnata hai / hUNoM ke AkramaNa aura gupta sAmrAjya ke patana ke sAtha 5vIM zatAbdI se hI rAjanItika vizRGkhalana prArambha huaa| rAjasattA ke lie paraspara yuddha, kendrIya zAsana ke sudRr3ha na hone se khaNDarAjyoM ke udaya ke sAtha janatA meM anizcaya aura asurakSA kI bhAvanA panapane lgii| marugurjara (purAnI hindI) kI jananI apabhraMza aura usake sAhitya kA prArambha bhI chaThIM-sAtavIM zatAbdI se hotA hai| bhArata kI rAjanItika sthiti 13vIM zatAbdI taka isI prakAra DA~vADola banI rahI / ataH isa paristhiti aura isase utpanna pravRttiyoM kA bhAratIya janajIvana aura sAhitya para vyApaka prabhAva par3A kyoMki rAjA hI kAla kA kAraNa hotA hai| ataH isa yuga ke sAhitya kA adhyayana karane ke lie tatkAlIna rAjanItika evaM dhArmika sthiti kA adhyayana karanA bar3A Avazyaka hai| guptoM ke pazcAt 7vIM zatAbdI ke prathamArddha meM harSavardhana ne uttara bhArata meM eka sAmrAjya sthApita kiyA kintu dakSiNa meM pulakezina ke samAna sazakta sAmrAjya hone ke kAraNa deza uttara aura dakSiNa do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| rAjasattA kA kendra pATaliputra se haTakara kannauja AyA aura harSa ke pazcAt kAnyakubja para Adhipatya jamAne ke lie rAjAoM meM hor3a laga gaI aura antataH gurjara pratihAra isa para apanA adhikAra sthApita karane meM saphala ho gye| 10vIM zatI meM pratihAroM ke patana ke pazcAt vighaTana aura vibhAjana kI prakriyA jaba pratyeka kSetra meM tIvratara ho gaI thI ThIka usI samaya mahamUda gajanavI ke joradAra AkramaNa prArambha huye| pratihAroM ke patana ke bAda kAnyakubja se kAzI taka ke bhU-bhAga para gAhar3avAla rAjAoM ne jayacandra ke samaya taka apanA adhikAra rakhA kintu muhammada gorI dvArA jayacanda ke parAjita ho jAne ke bAda isa kendrIya pradeza para musalamAnoM kA zAsana sthApita ho gyaa|

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 63 Azcarya hotA hai ki itane vIra aura buddhimAna logoM ke deza bhArata kA itanA adhaHpatana kyoM ho gayA / lagatA hai ki isa yuga meM rAjanItika adha: tana ke lie deza kI hrAsonmukha bauddhika cetanA kAphI hada taka jimmedAra hai / zaMkarAcArya isa yuga ke antima maulika cintaka va dArzanika hue / Age bahuta kAla taka maulika cintana va lekhana avaruddha dikhAI par3atA hai, kevala vRttiyoM aura bhASyoM kA lekhana ho rahA thA / TIkAoM, paddhatiyoM aura sAhityazAstrIya lakSaNa granthoM kA pRSThapeSaNa hone lagA / rAjA ko Izvara kA avatAra mAna liyA gayA aura janatA atyAcAra sahate-sahate abhyasta ho * gaI, use hI apanA bhAgya mAna liyA / janatA kI atyAcAra ke virodha kI zakti kSINa par3ane lagI / rAjanItika asthiratA aura bAharI AkramaNoM ke isa kAla meM svavivekAnusAra nirNaya lene vAloM aura netRtva karane vAloM ko saMkhyA atyanta sImita ho gaI / pariNAmataH sAmAjika vizRMkhalana bar3hA / dhArmika gatirodha, andha vizvAsa, rUr3hivAditA bar3hI / vibhinna varNoM meM jAtiyoM, upajAtiyoM, varNetaroM, antyajoM aura aspRzyoM kI bhIr3a bar3hane lagI / devI-devatAoM kI camatkArika zakti para andhavizvAsa aura mandiroM kI bar3hatI saMpadA deza ke vinAsa aura lUTapATa kA kAraNa bana gaIM / rAjanItika sthiti - madhyapradeza meM gurjara pratIhAra vaMza aura gAhar3avAla vaMza kA zAsana kramazaH 11vIM aura 12vIM zatAbdI meM musalamAnoM kI vijaya ke bAda samApta ho gayA / jejAkabhukti ke caMdela aura zAkaMbharI ke cAhamAnoM kI bhI yahI gati huI / yadyapi pRthvIrAja cauhAna bar3A vIra aura pratApI thA kintu muhammada gorI ne use antataH parAjita kiyA aura dillI para apane gulAma kutubuddIna aibaka ko zAsaka banAkara baiThA diyA / isa prakAra madhyadeza aura dillI para musalamAnI zAsana 12vIM zatAbdI meM sthApita ho gayA / caMdeloM kA antima rAjA paramardideva bhI pRthvIrAja se aura bAda meM musalamAnoM se parAjita huA / isakA atizayoktipUrNa vivaraNa prasiddha grantha paramAlarAso yA AlhakhaMDa meM ullikhita hai / isI prakAra pRthvIrAja cauhAna sambandhI ullekha candavaradAyI kRta pRthvIrAja rAso; jayacanda sambandhI vivaraNa jayacanda - jasa- candrikA Adi granthoM meM upalabdha hai / 1. DaoN zitikaMTha mizra ' AdikAlIna hindI sA0 kI pRSThabhUmi' hi0 sA0 kA 3 bR0 i0 bhAga 3 ( nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI)

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa usa samaya deza ke pazcimI bhAga vizeSatayA gujarAta meM gurjaroM kA rAjya thaa| inake kAraNa hI lATa deza kA nAma gujarAta par3A / mUlarAja ne san 941 I0 ke AsapAsa yahAM caulukya rAjya kI sthApanA kI thii| isa vaMza meM karNa kA putra jayasiMha siddharAja (saM0 1094 se 1142 taka.) bar3A pratApI huA / A0 hemacandra ke granthoM meM isakA vivaraNa upalabdha hai| isane girinAra ke AbhIra rAjA khaMgAra ko parAjita kiyaa| merutuga ne khaMgAra yA navadhana ke Upara jayasiMha ke abhiyAnoM kA prabhAvazAlI varNana kiyA hai| isakA koI aurasa putra nahIM thA isalie bhIma kI rakhailI rAnI bakulA devI kI santAna-paramparA meM utpanna kumArapAla ko A0 hemacandra aura anya prabhAvazAlI vyaktiyoM ne milakara gujarAta kA rAjA bnaayaa| yaha A0 hemacandra kA ziSya thA aura isake rAjyakAla meM gujarAta jainadharma kA pramukha kendra ho gyaa| kumAlapAlacarita, prabhAvakacarita, prabandhacintAmaNi Adi granthoM meM isake paryApta ullekha milate haiN| paramAroM, yAdavoM aura kutubuddIna aibaka ke AkramaNoM se cAlukya vaMza bAda meM chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| gujarAta ke samIpavartI pradeza mAlavA meM paramAroM kA zAsana san 790 I0 ke AsapAsa sthApita huA thaa| sIyaka kA putra dvitIya vAkpatirAja muMja isa vaMza kA pratApI rAjA huaa| merutuGga ne muja prabandha meM muja-tailapa ke saMgharSa kA aitihAsika vivaraNa diyA hai| kAvyanirNayakAra dhanika aura dhanaMjaya (dazarUpakakAra), padya gupta aura vasaMtAcArya Adi kaI vidvAn usake rAjadarabAra kI zobhA bar3hAte the / vaha svayam bhI uccakoTi kA kavi thaa| usake bAda isa vaMza meM rAjA bhoja (1011-1046) prasiddha zAsaka aura mahAn vidyA-sAhitya premI ho gyaa| isake sambandha meM jaina lekhakoM ke alAvA alabarunI aura abula-phajala Adi musalamAna lekhakoM ke varNana va anya abhilekha prApta haiM jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya bhoja kI rAjadhAnI dhArAnagarI vidyA, kalA, sAhitya-saMskRti kA kendra bana gaI thii| dAmodara mizra (hanumannATakakAra), dhanapAla (tilakamaMjarIkAra) Adi usake sabhApaNDita the| vaha svayam vidvAn thA aura vidvAnoM kA bar3A Adara karatA thaa| usane sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa, zRGgAraprakAza, kUrmazataka, caMpU rAmAyaNa, zRGgAramaMjarI aura tattvaprakAza Adi aneka grantha race the| ina rAjAoM ke samaya isa pradeza meM sabhI dharma vizeSatayA jainadharma kI sthiti acchI .

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti thI isa avadhi meM kazmIra meM karkoTaka, utpala aura lohara vaMza kA zAsana calatA rahA / sindha aura mulatAna meM rAya aura zAhI vaMza ne kabjA jamA rakhA thaa| bAda meM sindha para mu0 bina kAsima ne AkramaNa karake vahAM ke rAjA dAhara ko parAsta kara diyA aura vahAM musalamAnI rAjya sthApita ho gayA / multAna aura paMjAba para hindU zAhI rAjavaMza mahamUda gajanavI ke, AkramaNa ke samaya taka (san 1001) calatA rhaa| pUrva meM gaur3arAja zazAMka harSa kA samakAlIta zaktizAlI zAsaka thaa| usakI mRtyu ke bAda baMgAla para pAla aura tatpazcAt sena vaMza kA zAsana musalamAnI zAsana ke pUrva taka calatA rhaa| pAla zAsakoM ke samaya baMgAla me bauddha dharma kA dabAva adhika rahA kintu senavaMzIya narezoM ne hindU dharma kA samarthana kiyA, phalataH bauddha dharma dhIre-dhIre baMgAla se bar3hakara nepAlatibbata ke rAste deza se bAhara calA gyaa| ur3IsA meM zailodbhavavaMzIya aura bhaMjavazIya rAjAoM kA sthAnIya zAsana rahA / kAmarUpa meM harSa kA mitra aura samakAlIna prabhAvazAlI rAjA bhAskara varmA thaa| usake bAda asama kA rAjanItika itihAsa bhI asama hI thaa| isa yuga meM dakSiNa ke devagiri meM yAdavoM kA aura sudUra dakSiNa meM pallava, cola tathA pANDya vaMza kA zAsana rahA / sArAMza yaha ki isa yuga meM samace bhArata meM vizeSatayA uttara bhArata me khaNDa rAjyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI jA rahI thii| deza khaNDita aura vibhAjita ho gayA; rAjA paraspara yuddha aura vilAsitA meM DUba gaye, prajA ke utpIr3ana kI hada ho gii| Arthika sthiti-isa rAjanItika paristhiti kA deza kI artha-vyavasthA para bar3A burA prabhAva pdd'aa| sAmantI vyavasthA ke antargata arthavyavasthA avaruddha ho gaI thii| grAmadAna kI prakriyA ke kAraNa choTe-choTe rAjyoM meM bhI rAjasattA aise sthAnoM meM prabhAvazUnya ho gaI thI, kyoMki purohitoM, adhikAriyoM aura sainika karmacAriyoM tathA anya suvidhA prApta logoM ko apane-apane grAma yA kSetra meM prazAsakIya tathA Arthika svAyattatA prApta ho gaI thI; aura ye prakhaNDa prazAsakIya tathA vittIya mAmaloM meM prAya. svatantra the| inakA kendrIya zAsana se sambandha vicchinna ho jAtA thaa| isalie sAmanta tathA upasAmanta prathA ke kAraNa choTI-choTI svatantra ikAiyoM kA udaya huA jo svayam gatihIna evaM avaruddha thiiN| sArAza yaha ki Arthika kSetra meM bhI vighaTana evaM gatirodha kI sthiti utpanna ho gaI thii|

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vyApAra kA patana ho gayA thA / pratyeka gAMva apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti svayam karane ke lie bAdhya ho gayA thA / aneka choTe-choTe rAjyoM kI sImA para lagane vAle zulkoM kI bAr3ha aura coroM, DAkuoM se vyApAriyoM ko rAjakIya saMrakSaNa tathA surakSA kA sarvathA abhAva vyApAra ke patana kA mukhya kAraNa thA / kathAsaritsAgara meM aise zulka cora vyApAriyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jo zulka kI corI kI nIyata se jaMgaloM meM se hokara sArthavAha le jAte the aura DAkuoM ko dhana dekara saMrakSaNa prApta karate the anyathA lUTe jAte the / vyApAra vANijya ke hrAsa ke kAraNa deza ke eka bhAga se dUsare bhAga meM AnA jAnA prAyaH banda par3a gayA aura sAmAnya loga apane gAMvoM meM hI ba~dhakara rahane tathA apane mAlikoM kI pharmAiza pUrI karane ke lie bAdhya ho gaye / samudrI yAtrA bhI niSiddha ho gaI / ina saba kAraNoM se bhI vyApAra kA patana huA / kisAna, kArIgara aura vyApArI apane-apane gAMva meM ba~dhakara rahe isalie arthavyavasthA avaruddha ho gaI / kalivarjya ke antargata lambI yAtrA, samudra yAtrA Adi karane para prAyazcitta Avazyaka kara diyA gyaa| gAMvoM meM hara varNa ke rahane kA kSetra niyata kara diyA gayA / isa prakAra deza dharma ke badale grAma dharma kA mahattva bar3ha gayA, logoM kI dRSTi se deza ojhala hone lagA aura grAma apane bhISaNAkAra meM ubhar3ane lagA / hemacandra ke abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi meM grAmadharma tathA anya granthoM meM grAmyAcAra aura sthAnAcAra kA ullekha milatA hai / 66 dhArmika sthiti - isa kAla kI dhArmika avasthA aura pramukha dharmoM kA saMkSipta paricaya marugurjara jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana ke lie Avazyaka hai / ataH yahAM pramukha dharmoM kI sthiti para eka vihaMgama dRSTi DAlI jA rahI hai / paurANika hindU dharma - vaidika brAhmaNa dharma ke sthAna para isa yuga meM "paurANika hindU dharma kA udaya eka pramukha ghaTanA hai / vaidika yajJa aura karmakAMDa ke sthAna para sarala bhaktimArga kA abhyudaya huA / dharma ko zAstra ke sthAna para loka jIvana se jor3A gayA / zaMkara digvijaya ke bAda bauddha.. dharma kA bhArata se unmUlana aura hindU dharma Andolana ne Age calakara ise adhika lokapriya AkarSaka rUpa meM lokamata kI taraha janatA meM svIkRta huA / kA utkarSa huA / bhakti banAyA / yaha sukara aura 1. DaoN0 zitikaNTha mizra ' AdikAla kI rAja0 pRSThabhUmi hi0 sA0 kA bR0 itihAsa bhAga 3

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 67 bauddha dharma tejI se mukhya bhUmi ko chor3akara pUrva kI ora khisakatA huA baMgAla ke rAste nepAla, tibbata hotA cIna, jApAna kI tarapha calA gyaa| bauddha dharma apane saMghacaryA kI kamajoriyoM kA svataH zikAra ho gyaa| madhyadeza ke adhikatara rAjA hindU dharma ke zaivamata ko vizeSa rUpa se aMgIkAra karane lage the / Aye dina kI lar3AiyoM ke kAraNa isa yuga ke rAjAoM ko yuddha kA protsAhana dene vAlA hara hara mahAdeva kA jujhArU nArA adhika upayukta pratIta huaa| ahiMsAvAdI bauddha dharma usa vAtAvaraNa ke lie anupayukta siddha huA / isalie bauddha dharma ko madhyadeza meM rAjAzraya nahIM mila skaa| jaina dharma-yaha dharma bauddha mata se kAphI acchI sthiti meM thaa| prajA meM inakI saMkhyA bar3ha rahI thii| chaThI zatAbdI meM jaina AgamoM kA saMgraha haa| jaina AcAryoM ne na kevala uttama racanAyeM kIM balki unakI rakSA ke lie nirantara saceSTa rhe| inakA AcAra, niyama-saMyama kaThora thaa| ataH bauddhoM ke saMgha jIvana kI kamajoriyAM jaina saMgha meM nahIM phaTakane paaiiN| dhArmika, saiddhAntika aura dArzanika vizvAsoM ke prati inakI jAgarukatA, unheM saMjoye rakhane kA daDha saMkalpa, sAhityika abhiruci aura kaThora AcAra tathA saMyama ke kAraNa jainadharma kA prabhAva nirantara bar3hatA gyaa| yaha avazya ullekhanIya hai ki inakA prabhAva sImita kSetra aura janatA ke vizeSa varga meM hI rahA / paramAroM ke samaya mAlavA meM, caulukyoM ke samaya gujarAta aura mAlavA meM tathA cAhamAnoM ke samaya rAjapUtAne se mAlavA aura gujarAta ke samasta pazcimI prAntoM meM isa dharma kI zAkhA-prazAkhAyeM khUba phailiiN| jaina dharma vaizya-vyApAriyoM meM adhika lokapriya huA / madhyapradeza, rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra aura karnATaka meM unake bar3e-bar3e kendra sthApita hue / ahiMsaka vRtti ke kAraNa sampanna vyApArI vaizyoM ne ise na kevala svayam apanAyA apitu apane dhana ke bala para janapriya bhI banAyA / rASTrakUToM meM kaI zAsaka aura unake mantrI tathA adhikArI jaina dharmAvalambI the jinhoMne apane dharma ke sAtha jaina darzana, kalA aura sAhitya ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA / Age calakara yaha dharma zvetAmbara aura digambara nAmaka sampradAyoM meM ba~Ta gayA kintu isakI pragati barAbara banI rahI kyoMki kucha rAjavaMzoM dvArA unheM paryApta prazraya prApta ho gayA thA / ataH una rAjavaMzoM kI dhArmika nIti para thor3A adhika vicAra karanA apekSita hai| pramukha rAjanaMzoM kI dhArmika nIti-rAjasthAna, mAlavA, gujarAta

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60 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aura bundelakhaNDa meM jaina dharma ko rAjyAzraya prApta thA, ataH ina sthAnoM kA dhArmika vivaraNa pramukha rUpa se prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| bundelakhaMDa meM kalacurI narezoM ke samaya hindU dharma aura jaina dharma kA samAna rUpa se pracalana thaa| inhIM rAjAoM ne eliphainTA ke guphA-maMdiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| jainadharma kalacarI narezoM ke rAjya meM phala-phUla rahA thaa| aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa huA thaa| sohAgapura meM kaI jaina mandira the| jabalapura meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAyeM milI haiM jinase isa dharma kI acchI sthiti kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| bundelakhaMDa meM jaina matAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA avazya alpa thI kyoMki isa pichar3e pradeza meM sAmAnya janatA ke lie zivopAsanA adhika suvidhAjanaka thii| mAlavA meM jainadharma kI sthiti-skandapurANa, prabandhacintAmaNi, navasAhasAMkacarita, vikramAMkadevacarita, bhojaprabandha Adi granthoM ke AdhAra para mAlavA ke narezoM kI dhArmika ruci aura nIti kA acchA paricaya milatA hai / isase patA calatA hai ki isa yuga meM mAlavA jainadharma ke pramukha kendroM meM thaa| jainAcAryoM ko rAjya saMrakSaNa prApta thA aura unhoMne vahA~ jainadharma kA acchA prasAra kiyA thaa| aneka jaina mandira banavAye gaye the| 11vIM zatAbdI meM kaI jaina mandira mAlavA meM bane / muja kI rAjyasabhA meM dhanezvara, bhoja kI sabhA meM dhanapAla aura naravarmA ke darabAra meM bhI jaina vidvAnoM-AcAryoM kI upasthiti kA patA calatA hai / AbU jainadharma kA pramukha tIrtha banA / bhoja kA senApati kulacanda bhI digambara jaina thaa| devabhadra nAmaka jaina sAdhu kA bhoja bar3A Adara karatA thaa| dhArA meM jinabihAra thA jahA~ nayanandi nAmaka prasiddha lekhaka ne apanA sudarzanacarita likhA thaa| sArAMza yaha ki usa yuga meM mAlavA jaina dharma, vidyA aura sAhitya kA eka pramukha kendra thaa| gujarAta meM jainadharma ko sthiti-gujarAta ke caulukya rAjavaMza ne jainadharma ko paryApta sammAna evaM saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| bhoja ke pazcAt mAlavA kA rAjya bhI caulukyoM ne hastagata kara liyaa| pahale kahA jA cakA hai ki siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAla A0 hemacandra aura jainadharma kA bar3A Adara karate the / siddharAja ne giranAra meM jaina mahAtIrtha kI sthApanA karAI / neminAtha ke mandira kA nirmANa aura kumArapAla dvArA jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM tathA maMdiroM kI pratiSThA, rAjya kI ora se aneka

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti jaina samArohoM aura mahotsavoM kA anuSThAna ina rAjAoM kI jaina dharma para gaharI AsthA ke sUcaka haiN| rAjya meM jainadharma ke siddhAnta 'ahiMsA paramodharmaH' kA sarvatra pAlana hotA thaa| pazuhiMsA para pAbandI lagA dI gaI thii| samAja meM vaizyoM kA varcasva thA / ve vyApAra dvArA dhanopArjana karake jaina dharma ke pracAra meM usakA sadupayoga karate the| ve nagaraveSThi, daNDanAyaka tathA mahAmAtya jaise mahattvapUrNa rAjakIya padoM para niyukta the| A0 hemacandra ke atirikta rAmacandra , udayana Adi kaI anya vidvAn apabhraMza aura marugurjara meM mahattvapUrNa racanAyeM kara rahe the| prasiddha jainAcArya somaprabhasari ne kumArapAlapratibodha kI racanA kii| caulukyoM kI prazaMsA meM likhA dvayAzrayakAvya tathA prasiddha zabdAnuzAsana isI kAla kI mahattvapUrNa racanAyeM haiN| pATana meM kumArapAla ne kUmAra vihAra banavAyA thaa| use paramAhata kI viruda dI gaI thii| usane somezvara ke pAsa hI jaina caitya kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| vaha svayam jaina matAvalambI ho gayA thA kintu prajA para dharma ke nAma se koI jora dabAva nahIM thaa| vaha zaiva dharma kA bhI Adara karatA thaa| gujarAta meM jaina dharma pradhAna dharma ho gayA thA kintu zaiva matAvalambI bhI paryApta the aura rAjya meM sahaastitva kA loga samAdara karate the| zAkambharI aura rAjapUtAne meM jainadharma kI sthiti-cAhamAnoM ke samaya zAkambharI aura rAjapUtAne meM hindU dharma ke sAtha hI jainadharma kI upasthiti aura pracAra kI sUcanA abhilekhoM se milatI hai| ina rAjAoM ne ajamera meM jainamaMdira banavAye the| ajayarAja aura pRthvIrAja tRtIya ke darabAra meM jaina aura hindu sampradAya ke AcArya svatantra rUpa se vAda meM bhAga lete the jisakA nirNAyaka svayam rAjA rahatA thA aura vijetA ko saharSa puraskRta karatA thaa| ina rAjyoM ke alAvA madhyadeza ke prAyaH sabhI rAjavaMza hindU dharma aura jainadharma kA sammAna karate the aura saMrakSaNa bhI dete the / saba milAkara mAlavA, rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta meM jainadharma, baMgAla meM pAla rAjAoM ke samaya tathA kazmIra meM bauddhadharma aura anya prAntoM meM hindU dharma (vizeSatayA zaivadharma) kI pradhAnatA thI / sAmAnyatayA rAjAoM kI dharmanIti udAra thii| ve vyaktigata dharma aura AsthA ko na to prajA para thopate the na anya dharmoM ke prati anudAra the| rAjAoM ne hindU, bauddha aura jaina mandira, caitya, vihAra, maTha Adi ke lie dAna diyaa| vAstukAroM ne maMdiroM meM vividha devIdevatAoM aura tIrthaMkaroM ko utkIrNa kiyaa| isa samaya jainadharma apanI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sthiti sudRr3ha banAye rakhane meM saphala rahA kintu bauddha dharma kA tejI se hrAsa huA / isI samaya islAma ke praveza ke kAraNa dharma ke kSetra meM naI sthiti aura samasyA utpanna ho gaI aura sabhI rAjavaMza isa samasyA meM ulajha gaye / 70 jainadharma kA paricaya -- chaThIM zatAbdI taka jainadharma pUrNa vikasita hokara zvetAmbara aura digambara nAmaka do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho cukA thA / Age inakA bhI upavibhAjana, gaNoM, gacchoM, kuloM aura zAkhAoM meM hone lagA / vANa ne arhatoM, zvetapaToM aura kezaluJcakoM kA ullekha apane graMtha meM kiyA hai| hvAnacyAMga bhI aise sAdhuoM kI carcA karatA hai / usane takSazilA aura nipulA meM zvetAmbara aura digambara jainiyoM ko dekhA thaa| sAtavIM zatI meM vaizAlI unakA pramukha kendra ho gayA thA / 8vIM zatI taka jainadharma rAjasthAna ke vyApAriyoM, gujarAta aura mAlavA kI sAmAnya janatA meM vizeSa rUpa se lokapriya ho gayA thA / jainAcArya haribhadrasUri ne ina kSetroM bahuta logoM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA / ina sthAnoM ke rAjAoM dvArA bhI isa dharma ko protsAhana evaM saMrakSaNa milA / nAgabhaTTa, banarAja, jayasiMha, kumArapAla Adi rAjAoM ke darabAra meM sUriyoM kA bar3A prabhAva thA / prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke maMdira kA nirmANa hastikuDI ke rASTrakUTa nareza virAdharAja ne karavAyA thA / usake vaMzaja dhavala ne saM0 1053 meM usa mandira kA punaruddhAra karAyA thA / ke digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI una dinoM tIrthaMkaroM aura anya devI-devatAoM kI pUjA karate the / tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha hI sarasvatI, ambikA, yakSa-yakSiNI aura dikpAloM kI pratimAyeM bhI jaina maMdiroM meM chaThIM se 10vIM zatAbdI taka pAI gaI haiN| inakI mUrtiyAM uttara bhArata meM vasaMtagar3ha, rAjasthAna meM AsiyA, pazcima meM gujarAta aura mAravAr3a tathA pUrva meM rAjagiri aura trizUla tathA madhya bhArata meM khajurAho, devagar3ha aura gvAliyara Adi sthAnoM meM pAI gaI haiM / tatsambandhI granthoM' se patA calatA hai ki madhya bhArata meM digambara sampradAya prabhAvI thA; navasArI unakA pramukha sthAna thA / pazcima bhArata meM zvetAMbara sampradAya kA saMgaThana majabUta ho gayA thA | bihAra aura ur3IsA meM kucha loga saMbhavataH digambara sampradAya ke mAnane vAle the kintu baMgAla meM inakA prabhAva nahIM thA / 1. dekhiye DaoN0 esa0 vI0 deva hisTrI Apha jaina mornakijma pUnA 1956 (History of Jain Monachism)

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 71 jaina darzana - jaina purANoM meM ahiMsA, tapasyA, yogacaryA Adi dhArmika anuSThAnoM ko zramaNa saMskRti kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai / upaniSad yuga ke bAda kI zatAbdiyoM meM saMdehavAda aura akriyAvAda kA rAjya sthApita ho gayA thA / isa avyavasthA ke viruddha jainadarzana ne kriyAvAda kA joradAra samarthana kiyaa| jainadarzana kA mUlAdhAra ' anekAnta' yA syAdvAda hai / isake anusAra saMsAra meM jo kucha hai, usakI sApekSika sattA hai aura usake yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie aneka dRSTiyoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / vaha kisI kI apekSA meM sat aura kisI kI apekSA meM asat bhI ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra kisI padArtha kI aneka sthitiyAM ho sakatI haiM / ise saptabhaGgI naya bhI kahA gayA hai / jainadharma kaivalya ko manuSya kA parama puruSArtha mAnatA hai jo sat vizvAsa, satkArya aura satjJAnase prApta ho sakatA hai / jaina sAdhanA ke do bhAga - gRhadharma aura yatidharma - kie gaye haiM / gRhadharma ke antargata pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata batAye gaye haiM / gRhastha ke lie bhI vikAroM ko tyAga kara indriyoM kA niyaMtraNa karate hue nitya niyama pUrvaka AcAra evaM svAdhyAya ke niyamoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai / yatidharma kI sAdhanA kAphI kliSTa hai jisake vistAra meM jAnA abhISTa nahIM hai / 1 jainiyoM kA vizvAsa hai ki karma hI manuSya ke baMdhana kA kAraNa hai / ye ATha prakAra ke hote haiM / ye jIva kI samyakatva kI prApti meM bAdhaka haiM / karmagranthi ko kholane meM satya, aparigraha, ahiMsA Adi vratoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana hI sahAyaka hai, aisA sAdhaka samAja kI maMgala kAmanA karatA huA aise karma karatA hai jo bandhana nahIM hote / vaha 'nirjarA' dvArA saMcita karmoM ko niSphala kara detA hai aura Age ke karmoM kA mArga 'saMvara' dvArA banda kara detA hai / isa prakAra samasta karmoM kA kSaya hI mokSa hai / isa dharma meM taMtrasAdhanA kA adhika praveza nahIM ho paayaa| maMtravAda taka hI sImita dikhAI detA hai / AcAra para kaThora niyantraNa hone ke kAraNa abhicAra evaM paMcamakAroM kA yahA~ praveza varjita rahA / kucha sAdhaka vibhUtiyoM kI prApti ke lie ajitabAlA aura aparAjitA kI sAdhanA karate the / bRhat koza meM aise tAMtrika vidhAnoM kA ullekha hai / aise vidyAdharoM kI carcA milatI hai jo AkAzagAminIvidyA, zIghragAminIvidyA, rUpaparivartanavidyA Adi meM pravINa hote the / udyotana kI kuvalayamAlA meM betAla ko mAMsA

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa car3hAne kA ullekha hai| betAla use grahaNa nahIM karatA kyoMki vaha kevala sAdhaka ke sAhasa kI parIkSA kara rahA thaa| ina logoM ne taMtrasAdhanA ke kamajora pakSa ko chor3akara kevala usakI acchAiyoM ko hI grahaNa kiyaa| pAhur3adohA meM AtmajJAna ko hI sarvocca sthAna diyA gayA hai, jisake lie indriyoM kA damana aura yoga sAdhanA Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| jaina devamaMDala tathA pUjana-jainadharma meM maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM kA mahattva kAphI thaa| inake nirmANa meM jainakalA kA utkarSa dikhAI par3atA hai| jainadharma ke caubIsoM tIrthaGkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa aura maMdiroM meM pUjanapaddhati kA vistRta vidhAna batAyA gayA hai / lakSmIdhara ne kApAlikoM ke sAtha tAMtrika digambaroM kI bhI gaNanA kI hai jisase thor3I zaktipUjA kA pracalana bhI pratIta hotA hai| zvetAmbara mata meM pratyeka tIrthaGkara kI zAsana devatA, cakra zvarI, kAlikA, mahAkAlI Adi kA bhI pUjana pracalita thaa| saMyama pradhAna tathA AcAravAdI hone ke kAraNa bauddhadharma kI taraha vikRta devIdevatAoM kI pUjA yahA~ na to panapI aura na jaina sAdhu saMyama evaM tapazcaryA ke Adarza se vicalita hue| ataH inhoMne janamAnasa ko adhika AkRSTa kiyaa| sAdhaoM ke atirikta zrAvakoM ke lie bhI AcAra niyama the| inameM kaI sampanna vyApArI aura aneka bar3e rAjyakarmacArI tathA maMtrI Adi bhI hote the aura apane AcaraNa tathA prabhAva se dharma kI prabhAvanA meM yogadAna karate the| rAjadarabAroM meM prAyaH kavi aura cAraNa apane AzrayadAtA kI prazasti aura nAyikAoM kI sundaratA kA bar3hA-car3hAkara bakhAna kiyA karate the kintu jaina lekhakoM ne ina sabako pRSThabhUmi meM rakhakara zAntarasa ko sAhitya meM sarvopari sthAna pradAna kiyaa| ina tamAma bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara hI jaina sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA jAnA sArthaka ho sakatA hai| maru-gurjara bhASA kA vikAsa-apabhraMza ke bAda marugurjara bhASA kA vikAsa huA hai ataH isameM apabhraMza kI aneka vizeSatAoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi meM marugurjara kI Adyasthiti kA saMketa kuvalayamAlA (udyotana), prAkRta paiMgalam, saMdezarAsaka (addahamANa), uktivyaktiprakaraNa (dAmodara paMDita), varNaratnAkara (jyotirIzvara ThAkUra) Adi meM Dhar3hA jA sakatA hai kintu jaina sAhitya meM etadviSayaka pracara sAmagrI bharI par3I hai| TesITorI ne batAyA hai ki jaina sAhitya kI bhASA yathAsaMbhava janatA

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73 maru-gurjara kI nirukti kI bhASA ke karIba hai| inakI vidhAyeM bhI loka sAhitya se lI gaI haiM jaise carcarI, phAgu ityAdi / pazcimI avahaTTa meM likhA gayA sAhitya hI marugurjara yA purAnI hindI kA sAhitya hai| A0 hemacandra ne pracalita kAvyabhASA ko apabhraza kahA hai| usa bhASA kA nAma gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI jaisA dezaparaka isalie vahI rakhA gayA kyoMki vaha ekadezIya nahIM balki samasta uttara bhArata kI kAvya bhASA thii| isakA paravartI vikasita rUpa marugurjara bhI ekadezIya na hokara hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kI milI jUlI sampatti hai, ataH ise purAnI hindI yA marugurjara nAma diyA gayA hai / marugurjara kI kRdanta tadbhava kriyAoM ke adhikAMza rUpa 'u'kArAnta haiM jo apabhraMza kI ukAra bahula pravRtti kA prabhAva hai jaise 'banate bana chipatau phirau gavhara banahaM nikuMja' bhUkhau bhojana mAMgibA govali Avau muJja / (bhojaprabandha) kahIM-kahIM kartA aura karmakAraka kI vibhakti rUpa meM bhI 'u' kA prayoga milatA hai jaise 'guru gautama ko deu pasIu' karma meM 'u' vibhakti kA yaha prayoga kavi cataru kA hai| pratyayoM meM a, re' aura DI kA bahuprayoga bhI apabhraMza kI dena hai yathA___ 'roga rahita sukhI re saMpadA pUraNa tthaann| dharma buddhi mana zuddha DI, dulahA anukrami jANa / ' (tattvasAra) 'hi' aura 'hiM' vibhakti kA vyApaka prayoga sabhI kArakoM meM hone lagA jaise 'jinavara svAmI mugatihiM gAmI siddhi nayara mNddnno|' (brahma jinadAsa) kahIM 'hi' ke ha' kA lopa karake kevala 'i' kA prayoga aura kahIM para i ko e karake prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai jaise 'maMgala kamalA kudue, sukhasAgara pUnima cudae / ' (merunandana) dIrgha ko laghu banAne kI pravRtti eka anya vizeSatA marugurjara kI dikhAI par3atI hai| jaise sarasvatI kA sarasaI yA sarasati, zrI kA siri, amRta kA amiya Adi rUpa isake aneka udAharaNa haiM / varNoM ke saMkocana kI pravRtti bhI apabhraza se marugurjara ko virAsata ke rUpa meM milI jaise sthAna ke lie ThANa, mayUra ke lie mora kA prayoga isI pravRtti kA namUnA hai|

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maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jainAcAryoM kI bhramaNazIla vRtti ke kAraNa inakI bhASA meM gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura hindI ke atirikta siMdhI, paMjAbI aura urdU ke zabda bhI kahIM mila jAte haiM / yaha pratyeka kAvyabhASA ko vizeSatA rahI hai / vrajabhASA meM bhI SamASA ke zabda milate haiM / saMskRtajJa AcAryoM kI bhASA tatsama pradhAna hai / Adhunika Arya bhASAyeM saMyogAtmaka se viyogAtmaka ho gaI thiiN| jUnI gujarAtI, purAnI hindI yA marugurjara meM bhI yaha pravRtti spaSTa lakSita hotI hai / svaroM meM R kA prayoga kevala saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM meM hI milatA hai aura usakA uccAraNa bhI 'ri' jaisA hotA hai / isI prakAra ai, aura au kA uccAraNa saMskRta ke ai, au jaisA na hokara ae, ao meM parivartita ho gayA hai / vyaJjanoM meM 'za' aura 'Sa' kA bheda uccAraNa meM miTa gayA / vyaJjanoM ke sthAna para svaroM kA prayoga isakI eka anya pramukha vizeSatA hai jaise lalitAMga kA laliaMga, caMpakagorI kA caMpaigorI Adi rUpa bahuta prayukta haiM / Adisvara, madhyasvara aura antyasvara lopa kI yaha pravRtti apabhraMza kI taraha marugurjara meM bhI khUba milatI hai / vyaJjana samIkaraNa caramasImA para pahu~cakara uttara kAla meM eka hI vyaJjana dIrgha uccarita hone lagA thA / adya >, ajja, Aja >, karma > kamma, kAma Adi isake udAharaNa haiM | svArthaka pratyaya 'a' ala, illa kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai jaise alaMkRta kA alaMkiyu yA alaMkiyau rUpa milatA hai / 74 kriyAoM meM cAra lakAra raha jAne se dhAturUpoM kI jaTilatA bahuta kama ho gaI / vAkyoM meM zabda aura pada yojanA bhI apabhraMza jaisI milatI hai kintu tadbhavoM ke sthAna para tatsama kI pravRtti 10vIM zatAbdI se hI zurU ho gaI thI / kriyA aura vibhaktiyA~ vahIM rahIM / ataH isa kAla meM donoM rUpa milate haiM jaise madana aura mayaNu, caritra aura caritra, sAtha hI namaskAra, ravi, kamala Adi zabda bhI bhaTTArakoM kI bhASA meM bAra-bAra Ane lage / apabhraMza aura purAnI hindI meM anusvAra kI bhI eka mukhya pravRtti hai / isake tIna kAraNa A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne batAye hai : saMskRta kI gamaka paidA karane ke lie saMskRtajJa paMDita zabdoM meM anusvAra jar3a dete the / dUsarA aura tIsarA kAraNa chanda aura mAtrApUrti se sambandhita hai kintu isakA bhI bhASA ke svarUpa para paryApta prabhAva par3A hai / padAnta ke 'o' ko hrasva karane kA udAharaNa 'purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha' ke nimna udAharaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : :

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 'naratiya kajjala reha nayaNi mu~ha kamala taMbolo / nAgodara kaMThalau kaMThi anuhAra virolo / ' chanda saukarya ke lie svaroM ko laghu yA dIrgha karane ke alAvA paravartI varNoM ko dvitta karake pUrvavartI laghusvara ko dIrgha kara dene kI prathA bhI cala par3I thI jaise bhakhai, rakhe ke sthAna para bhakkha, rakkhe Adi / varNa-saMkoca ke udAharaNoM kI bharamAra hai jaise araNya yA raNya, 'praNAma karU' ke lie 'paNauM' aura sthAna ke lie ThAMNa Adi / dvitta ke udAharaNasvarUpa nidrA kA nidda, durga kA dugga aura vidyA kA vijja Adi rUpa dekhA jA sakatA hai| 75 ye kucha namUne isalie die gaye haiM tAki marugurjara bhASA kI katipaya mukhya pravRttiyoM kA patA cala sake jo sabhI Adhunika Arya bhASAoM - hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI Adi meM samAna rUpa se vikasita huI haiM, isake kAraNa eka hI racanA ko vibhinna vidvAn alaga-alaga bhASA kI racanA ghoSita karate haiN| jaMbUsAmIcariu, sthUlibhadrarAsa aura subhadrA satI ko kucha vidvAn gujarAtI kI racanA batAte haiM aura kucha dUsare hindI kI racanAyeM ghoSita karate haiM jabaki vastutaH ye marugurjara kI racanAyeM haiM / isI prakAra aMbadeva ke samarArAsa ko nAhaTA jI rAjasthAnI kI racanA aura DaoN0 premasAgara use hindI kI racanA batAte haiM / isase hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI kI maulika ekatA aura ina bhASAoM se marugurjara kA pUrvApara sambandha sUcita hotA hai / anta meM yaha batAnA Avazyaka hai ki apabhraMza aura dezabhASA ko eka mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / mukhasukha ke kAraNa prAkRta se apabhraMza aura apabhraMza se dezI bhASAyeM lagAtAra samAsa se vyAsaparaka hotI gaI haiM aura yaha itanA bar3A antara hai ki donoM antataH do bhASAyeM bana jAtI haiM / svayaMbhU, puSpadanta apabhraMza ke kavi haiM kintu puSpadanta ke cAlIsa-pacAsa varSa pazcAt racita zrI candrakRta kathAkoSa meM dezI bhASA yA marugurjara ke aneka prayoga milate haiM isa kAla meM apabhraMza aura dezI bhASA meM samAnAntara rUpa se racanA hotI rahI / kathAkoSa kI bhASA kA eka namUnA dekhiye 'saMsAra asAra savvu athiru, piya puttamitta mAyA timiru / ' isase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha bolacAla kI bhASA sAhityika apabhraMza se Age kI vikasita bhASA hai aura yahI vikasita rUpa meM marugurjara kahI gaI hai|

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76 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahApaMDita rAhula ne svayaMbhU kI racanA ko hindI kI racanA ghoSita kiyA hai aura aneka samAnAntara hindI rUpAntara dekara usakI hindI se samIpatA siddha kI hai kintu isa samIpatA ke AdhAra para donoM ko eka bhASA nahIM svIkAra kiyA jA sktaa| zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina ne devasena ke darzanasAra, tattvasAra aura sAvayadhammadohA kI bhASA kA udAharaNa dekara apabhraMza se purAnI hindI kA vikAsa samajhAyA hai aura yaha ucita paddhati hai unakA eka udAharaNa dekhiye : 'saha dhamma jo Ayarai cau vaNNa maha koI so NaraNArI bhavvayaNa suraiya patvaha soi|' isakA hindI rUpAntara dekhiye :___ 'eha dharma jo Acare caturvarNa meM koya, so naranArI bhavya jana sUragati pAve soya / ' isI prakAra munirAma siMha ke pAhur3adohA se eka dohA dekhiye 'mar3hA dehama rajjiyai, deha Na appA hoya, dehahi bhiNNau NANamau so ta AtmA joya / ' isa dohe meM vyaJjana lopa aura Na ke prayoga kA Agraha chor3akara yadi dekhA jAya to yaha purAnI hindI kA namUnA siddha hotA hai / isakA rUpAntara dekhiye : 'mUr3ha deha meM raMjita hote, deha na AtmA hoya / deha se bhinna jJAnamaya, so tU AtmA joya / ' donoM meM kitanI samAnatA hai| padmadeva ne to apanI racanA 'pAsaNAhacariu' kI bhASA ko dezI bhASA hI kahA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki apabhraMza aura dezI bhASA meM racanAyeM samAnAntara hotI rhiiN| jinadattasUri kI 'carcarI' meM apabhraMza ke sAtha marugurjara ke prayoga spaSTa rUpa se milate haiN| unake upadezarasAyana meM avazya apabhraMza kI ora jhukAva adhika pratIta hotA hai| jinapadmasUri ke 'ghUlibhaddaphAga' meM dezI bhASA ke tattva adhika milate haiM, udAharaNArtha do paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM 'sIyala komala surahivAya jisa jima vAyaMte, bhAu maDaphphara mANaNiya tima timanAcaMte / ' isa prakAra 13vIM zatAbdI se 15vIM zatAbdI taka apabhraMza aura dezI bhASAoM kA kAvya bhASA ke rUpa meM milA-julA prayoga hotA rahA / yadi kabhI koI racanA kevala apabhraza yA meM koI kevala marugurjara meM AgrahapUrvaka likhI

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 77 gaI to bhI donoM meM donoM ke ekAdha prayoga anajAne A hI gaye haiM kintu vi0 saM0 1500 ke pazcAt kI racanAoM ko dekhane para nizcita ho jAtA hai ki isa samaya taka saMkrAntikAlIna sthiti samApta ho calI thI aura dezI bhASAoM kA apabhraMza se pUrNa vikAsa ho cukA thaa| ukAra bahulA pravRtti prAyaH haTa gaI thI, tatsama kA prayoga bar3ha gayA thA, kriyAoM kA svatantra vikAsa ho rahA thA phira bhI anusvAra aura re kA prayoga apabhraMza ke avazeSa rUpa meM yatra-tatra daSTigocara ho jAte haiM jaise 'Avyo mAsa asADha jhabUke dAminI re|' yA narendra phaNIndraM surendraM (pArzvanAthastotra) meM 're' aura anusvAra kA darzana sundara DhaMga se hotA hai| sa aura 'za' kA manamAnA prayoga aba bhI mila jAtA hai / darzana kA darasana aura paramezvara kA paramesura Adi sAtha-sAtha prayukta ho rahe the| saMyukta varNoM ko svara vibhakti dvArA pRthaka karake prayoga karane kI pravatti bhI dikhAI detI hai jaise zabda kA sabada, pratyakSa kA paratacha, nirjarA kA nirajara Adi rUpa pracalita thaa| saMyukta vargoM meM se eka varNa haTAkara saralIkaraNa kI pravatti baDha gaI thI jaise sthAna ke lie thAna, dyuti ke lie duti, Rddhi ke lie ridhi, mokSa ke lie mokha aura amRta ke lie amI se kAma calAyA jAtA thaa| ___isa kAla kI kAvyabhASA para brajabhASA, khar3I bolI aura urdU kA bhI prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai / 15vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kI likhI gaI digambara kaviyoM kI racanAyeM adhikatara hindI meM milatI haiM; zvetAmbara kaviyoM ne hindI mizrita rAjasthAnI yA hindI mizrita gujarAtI kA prayoga kiyA hai. jise hama tInoM bhASAoM kI samAna sampatti samajhate haiM aura use eka zIrSaka marugurjara se abhihita karate haiN| aba taka yaha spaSTa karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai ki apabhraMza se marugurjara aura tatpazcAt rAjasthAnI, hindI, gujarAtI kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| yaha prayatna isa Ama dhAraNA para AdhArita hai ki eka parivAra yA kUla kI bhASAyeM kisI eka Adi bhASA se vikasita hotI haiM / 'AtmA vai jAyate putram' kA siddhAnta mAnane vAle vidvAn bhASAoM para bhI isa niyama ko akSarazaH lAgU karanA cAhate haiM kintu yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki yadi putra pitA se kucha virAsata meM guNa pAtA hai to kucha kA vaha pariveza se apane vyaktitva meM svayaM vikAsa karatA hai aura vaha pitA se bhinna vyakti pukArA jAtA hai| marugurjara bhASA eka yogya santAna kI taraha vaMza paramparA ko samyak rUpa se thor3A tAna kara apabhraMza ko Age pahu~cA detI hai lekina vaha hU-ba-hU apabhraza kI nakala nahIM hai /

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78 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa apabhraza se A0 bhA0 bhASAoM ke vikAsa kA vivecana karate hue DaoN0 nAmavara siMha ne likhA hai, apabhraMza kA dhvani vicAra prAkRta se prabhAvita thA kintu usakA vyAkaraNa prAkRta prabhAva se mukta hokara loka boliyoM ke sahAre bhAratIya AryabhASA ke vikAsa kI nUtana saMbhAvanAyeM prakaTa kara rahA thaa|' A0 hemacandra ke AdhAra para ve yaha mAnate haiM ki apabhraMza meM dezI boliyoM kA mizraNa haa| ho sakatA hai ki inhIM dezI boliyoM se hI Arya bhASAoM kA vikAsa huA ho kyoMki sAhityika pariniSThita bhASA se lokabhASAoM kA udaya nahIM hotA balki unakA svAbhAvika vikAsa avaruddha hotA hai| DaoN0 rAmavilAsa zarmA kA kathana hai ki apabhraMza ko hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kI jananI mAnanA ucita nahIM hai. kyoMki bhArata kI A0 A0 bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNa rUpa usameM nahIM milate haiN| ve pahale likha cake haiM ki 'bhASAoM ke bAre meM jitanI bhI sAmagrI prApta hai usase yahI siddha hotA hai ki bolI ke AdhAra para pariniSThita bhASA kA vikAsa hotA hai, pariniSThita bhASA se boliyA~ nahIM utpanna hotIM, dillI kI khar3I bolI ke AdhAra para hindI vikasita haI, laMdana kI bolI ke AdhAra para aMgrejI aura mAsko kI bolI ke AdhAra para rUsI bhASA vikasita huii| sArAMza yaha ki apabhraMza bhASA meM hameM marugurjara yA purAnI hindI ke rUpa yatra-tatra mila sakate haiM kintu isI AdhAra para use A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM kI jananI nahIM kaha sakate / isI prakAra pariniSThita prAkRtoM se apabhraza kI utpatti mAnanA bhI saMgata nahIM hai kyoMki usakA kRtrima rUpa hI hameM upalabdha hai / DaoN0 cATuA ne likhA hai 'vAstava meM hameM upalabdha unakA rUpa vaiyAkaraNoM (tathA pazcAt ke prAkRta lekhakoM) dvArA zaurasenI, mAgadhI, mahArASTrI, paizAcI Adi kisa prakAra kI prAdezika boliyA~ honI cAhie, isa dRSTi se kalpita kiyA huA hai / ' aba vicAraNIya hai ki kisI kalpita bhASA ke AdhAra para usake bAda kI kisI bhASA kA janma kaise ho sakatA hai| jisa prAkRta kA prayoga mahAvIra ne kiyA hogA vaha mAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI honA cAhie jo unake pracAra-kSetra kI jana-bhASAyeM thiiN| lekina pariniSThita apabhraza kA mUlAdhAra pazcimI zaurasenI (gurjarI) yA mahA 1. DaoN0 nAmavara siMha 'hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraza kA yoga' 2. DaoN0 rAga vilAsa zarmA, bhASA aura samAja pR0 366 3. vahI, pR0 151

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 79 rASTrI ko mAnA jAtA hai| yaha eka vicitra bAta hai| isake kAraNa bhASAvikAsa kI ThIka saMgati samajha meM nahIM aatii| * prAkRta kI bhA~ti apabhraMza meM bhI adhikAMza tadbhava rUpa kRtrima haiM aura kahane ke lie hI tadbhava haiN| nara-nArI apane tatsama rUpa meM jitanA lokagamya hai aura lokapracalita hai utanA 'Nara NAMrI' nahIM, isI prakAra vinu ke lie viNu, laMkApurI ke lie laMkAurI, anurAga ke lie aNurAya, loga ke lie loya, veda ke lie vea apane mUla tatsama se adhika durbodha zabda haiN| yaha bAta nahIM ki isake prayoktA saMskRta se paraheja karate rahe hoM kyoMki vahA~ gaganAMgana>gayaNAMgaNa, ratnAkara > rayaNAyaru, dhyAnAgni > jhANAgiNa jaise zabda pahelI kI taraha prastuta haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki hindI hI nahIM balki baMgalA, telagu Adi bhASAyeM bhI apabhraMza kI tulanA meM saMskRta rUpoM ko adhika apanAtI haiM / apabhraMza meM vyaJjanoM kA saprayAsa lopa aura 'Na' kI bharamAra, dvitta kI bahulatA usakI sahaja prAsAdikatA meM bhArI bAdhA bana jAtI haiN| Adhunika bhASAyeM apabhraMza kI ina pravattiyoM ko isIlie pUrNatayA nahIM svIkAra kara pAtIM, isalie apabhraMza ko unakI jananI kahane meM bar3I kaThinAI hai| ___ isa bAta ko kucha dUsare DhaMga se bhI socA jA sakatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa ke bAda dharma pracArakoM ne loka bhASAoM ko apanI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAyA kintu tathya yaha hai ki A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM ke udaya ke pazcAt bhI apabhraMza meM sAhitya racanA hotI rhii| prAkRta paiMgalam kA saMkalana 14-15 vIM zatAbdI meM huaa| usameM saMkalita sAmagrI isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki pA~ca sau varSoM taka navya bhASAyeM apane Asana para apabhraMza ke calate pUrNatayA pratiSThita nahIM ho paaiiN| kyA ise mAM-beTI kA jhagar3A samajhA jAya ? rAjasattA ke lie pitA-putra ke saMgharSa ke udAharaNoM meM putra hI prAyaH pitA ko siMhAsana cyuta kara detA hai para Azcarya hai ki yahA~ mA~ hI beTI ko Asana cyuta rakhatI hai| yadi apabhraMza ke prati itanA Agraha na hotA to saMkramaNa kAlIna bhASA marugurjara, avahaTTa yA purAnI hindI kI kAlAvadhi 500 varSoM kI lambI na hokara saMkSipta hotI aura prAdezika bhASAoM kA vikAsa apekSAkRta zIghratApUrvaka ho gayA hotaa| kucha bhI ho itanA to nirvivAda hai ki sAhityika aura pariniSThita bhASA kA vyApaka prabhAva usa kSetra kI bolI, bhASA aura usake sAhitya

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80 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa para par3atA hai| isalie hameM apabhraMza aura A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM ke bIca kI kar3I ke rUpa meM marugurjara kA adhyayana vizeSa sAvadhAnI pUrvaka karanA hI cAhie anyathA bIca kI kar3I ke abhAva meM bhASA kA kramavikAsa samajhanA asaMbhava ho jaayegaa| hama yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki apabhraMza meM A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNa-rUpa kama milate haiM udAharaNArtha hindI vartamAna kAlika kriyA 'hai' yA ahai, 'ahai' Adi rUpoM kA apabhraMza meM abhAva hai| isI prakAra bhUtakAlika 'thA' aura bhaviSyakAlika 'gA' kA bhI vahA~ patA kahIM cltaa| sarvanAma 'maiM' kA 'maiM' rUpa avazya milatA hai| isa prakAra mukhya kriyA rUpoM aura parasarga Adi kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa apabhraMza se hindI aura rAjasthAnI kA vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para sIdhA vikAsakrama siddha karanA kaThina hai phira bhI jaba taka prAdezika jana boliyoM kA, jinake AdhAra para A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM kA vikAsa huA hogA, nizcita patA nahIM cala jAtA taba taka hamAre pAsa usa kamI kI pUrti ke lie marugurjara kA sAhitya atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| jainAcAryoM ne apane sAhitya meM yathAsaMbhava sAhityika rUr3ha bhASA ke sthAna para bharasaka janapracalita sarala bhASA kA hI prayoga kiyA hai aura isIlie marugurjara jaina sAhitya meM A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM ke lakSaNa adhika pAye jAte haiM aura yaha pramANita hotA hai ki apabhraMza tathA A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM ke bIca kI mahattvapUrNa kar3I marugurjara bhASA aura usakA sAhitya hI hai| apabhraMza se sIdhe marugarjara ko aura marugarjara ke mAdhyama se rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI Adi A0 bhASAoM ko kAvya rUpa, zabdasampadA aura anya aneka upahAra mile haiN| ataH marugarjara bhASA sAhitya kI jAnakArI vartamAna bhASAoM ke svarUpa aura sAhitya ko samajhane ke lie Avazyaka hai| bhASA evaM sAhitya ke atirikta sAMskRtika dRSTi se dekhA jAya to bhI marugurjara kA bhASA sAhitya adhyetAoM ke lie aparihArya hai kyoMki prAyaH sabhI kRtiyA~ kisI zraddhAlu ke Agraha para likhI hone ke kAraNa unameM una rAjapuruSoM, zreSThiyoM, sAmantoM kA aitihAsika vivaraNa upalabdha hai| jaina lekhaka prAyaH apanI racanAoM ke anta meM racanAkAla avazya dete haiM isalie bhI aitihAsika kAlakrama baiThAne meM inase bar3I sahUliyata milatI hai / yaha sAhitya madhyayugIna cintAdhArA ko apane meM sameTe hue hai aura bhAratIya sAmAjika saMracanA ko samajhane kI amUlya sAmagrI upalabdha karAtA hai isalie isakA adhyayana saMskRti kI jAnakArI ke lie Avazyaka hai|

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti yaha bhI mahattvapUrNa bAta hai ki vyAkaraNa kI daSTi se bhI apabhraMza aura marugurjara kI samIpatA saMskRta kI tulanA meM adhika hai aura yaha to sarvavidita hai ki eka parivAra kI bhASAoM kI ekatA kA AdhAra unake vyAkaraNa sambandhI niyamoM meM samAnatA para nirbhara hotA hai| purAnI hindI yA marugurjara meM marubhASA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| rAjasthAnI ko apabhraMza kA jeThI beTI kahA jAtA hai| purAnI hindI se rASTrabhASA hindI kA sIdhA sambandha hai ataH ina donoM ke vyAkaraNa sambandhI niyamoM para eka vihaMgama dRSTi DAlane se yaha spaSTa hogA ki kisI samaya eka hI prasthAna bindu apabhraMza se ina donoM ne apane-apane pradezoM meM apanI jaya yAtrA prArambha kI hogii| pUrAne AcArya yaha mAnate haiM ki hindI aura rAjasthAnI kI utpatti eka apabhraMza se huI aura unakA vikAsa bhI prAyaH eka sA hai| donoM ke vyAkaraNa meM paryApta samAnatA hone ke kAraNa donoM bhASAoM kI prakRti eka jaisI hai| rAjasthAnI kA uccAraNa hindI sarIkhA hai na ki saMskRta jaisA / zrI narottama svAmI kahate haiM, 'rAjasthAnI meM hindI sarIkho uccAraNa huvai, saMskRta sarIkho nhii|' jaise bhaiyA>bhaiyA, kauvA>kauvA, auSadhi > auSadhi ityAdi / donoM meM do hI liMga hote haiM nara aura nArI, saMskRta kA napuMsaka donoM meM nahIM hai| vacana bhI do hI hote haiM, saMskRta kA dvivacana gAyaba hai| ye vizeSatAyeM saMskRta ke vyAkaraNabaddha hone ke bAda dhIre-dhIre prAkRta yA bolacAla kI bhASAoM meM kramazaH vikasita huI hoMgI jinakA kucha AbhAsa apabhraMza meM milatA hai| chaThI vibhakti vizeSaNa ke kAma AtI hai isalie isameM liMga aura vacana bheda donoM bhASAoM meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAte haiM jaise rAjA rA ghor3A, mhAre Upara, pothI rI jilda Adi / upasagoM kA prayoga bhI donoM meM samAna rUpa se hotA hai jaise ku (kukarma), kA (kA puruSa), sa (sajAtIya) Adi / saMskRta meM ye upasarga nahIM haiN| hindI kRdantoM ke samAna rAjasthAnI meM bhI kRdantoM kA prayoga hotA hai| rAjasthAnI kI vAkya racanA bhI hindI jaisI hI hai| pahale kartA aura vAkya ke anta meM kriyA hotI hai| vizeSaNa vizeSya ke pahale AtA hai| isa prakAra vAkya meM zabdoM kA krama donoM meM eka jaisA hai| rAjasthAnI aura hindI ke zabda-samUha meM tatsama kA bAhulya hai na ki apabhraMza ke tadbhava zabdasamUha kA / apabhraMza ke tadbhava zabdoM ke sthAna para tatsama kA prayoga karake apabhraMza ke padyoM ko marugurjara yA purAnI hindI ke padyoM ke rUpa meM suvidhA 1. zrI narottama svAmI 'saMkSipta rAjasthAnI vyAkaraNa' pRSTha 7

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. maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa se parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai, isIlie apabhraMza ke aneka padya marugurjara meM mila jAte haiM jaise : "so sivasaMkaru viNahu so, so ruddavi so buddhA / so jiNu Isaru vaMbhu so, so aNaMtu so siddhaa|" (yogasAra do0 10 ) isakA rUpAntara dekhiye : "so zivazaMkara viSNu so, so rudrada so buddha / so jina Izvara brahma so, so ananta so siddha / " isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhASA vijJAna aura vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se bhI yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI ke samIpa jitanI apabhraMza hai utanI saMskRta nahIM hai| tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga avazya inameM adhika pAyA jAtA hai anyathA pada racanA, dhvaniyA~ aura uccAraNa Adi apabhraMza ke adhika samIpa lagate haiM / isalie marugurjara se apabhraMza kA nAtA tor3anA saMbhava nahIM hai| A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM aura unake sAhitya kA kramika vikAsa dekhane ke lie marugurjara aura apabhraMza kI upekSA ghAtaka hai| ise spaSTa karane ke lie hama marugurjara para apabhraMza kA prabhAva saMkSepa meM Age prastuta karane jA rahe haiN| garugurjara sAhitya para apabhraza kA prabhAva bhASA-pichale prakaraNa meM apabhraMza kA jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai usake AdhAra para aba suvidhApUrvaka apabhraMza kA marugurjara bhASA aura sAhitya para prabhAva spaSTa kiyA jA skegaa| apabhraMza aura marugurjara bhASAyeM kaI sau sAloM taka samAnAntara calatI rahI haiM, phalataH uttarakAlIna apabhraMza racanAyeM marugurjara sAhitya se usI prakAra prabhAvita huIM jisa prakAra prArambhika marugurjara sAhitya apabhraMza se prabhAvita huA thaa| yahA~ hama marugurjara para apabhraMza ke prabhAva ko hI prastuta karane jA rahe haiN| apabhraMza ne marugurjara ko aneka prakAra se prabhAvita evaM sampanna kiyA hai| apabhraMza ke zabda samUha se marugurjara bhASA kA bhaMDAra sampanna huA, isa prakAra apabhraMza kI marugurjara ko prathama dena bhASA kI dRSTi se pramANita hotI hai| jaina kavi dharmapracAra ke lie apabhraMza ko pUjyabhASA mAnakara pariniSThita

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 83 apabhraMza meM hI bahuta kAla taka racanAyeM likhate rhe| adhikAMza upalabdha apabhraMza sAhitya jaina sAhityakAroM dvArA hI sRjita hai| carita --apabhraMza kI dUsarI baDI dena hai : kAvya meM janasAmAnya ko carita nAyaka kA sthAna denA; saMskRta sAhitya meM janasAdhAraNa ko kAvya kA nAyaka nahIM banAyA gayA aura na sAmAnya viSayoM ko kAvya kA viSayavastu banAyA gyaa| jaina apabhraMza sAhitya meM hI nahIM apitu kAvya kA loka jIvana se avicchinna sambandha jainoM ne prAkRta sAhitya meM hI jor3a diyA thaa| apabhraMza meM Akara vaha aura adhika ghaniSTa haa| vrata-niyama pAlana karane vAlA AcAravAn zrAvaka yA madhyama vargIya koI sAdhAraNa manuSya apabhraMza kAvya kA carita nAyaka banane lgaa| isa prakAra kAvya ko loka jIvana se sambaddha karane kI apabhraMza sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa pravRtti marugurjara ko virAsata meM prApta huI aura marugurjara ke jaina kaviyoM ne isakA bar3e prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se apanI kRtiyoM meM upayoga kiyaa| kathAvastu-apabhraMza ke prabandha sAhitya meM mahApurANa, purANa, caritakAvya, kathAgrantha Adi kA pracalana adhika thaa| kathAtatva paurANika viSayoM para AdhArita thaa| carita sAhitya meM jainAcAryoM ne kAvya kI kathAvastu kA cayana prAyaH jaina purANoM se kiyA hai| kahIM hindU purANoM se yadi kathA lI gaI hai to use bhI apane dhArmika dRSTikoNa se nabIna rUpa de diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ke caritroM aura kathAoM para AdhArita saikar3oM kAvya kRtiyA~ marugurjara meM likhI gaIM jinapara spaSTa hI apabhraMza kA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| inakA viSaya prAyaH koI tIrthaGkara, zalAkApuruSa yA koI vrata-upavAsa Adi kA mAhAtmya athavA anuSThAna Adi rahA hai| 'sudaMsaNacariu' 'paumasiricariu' Adi premAkhyAnoM kA bhI paravartI marugurjara sAhitya para vyApaka prabhAva pdd'aa| ina jaina kAvyoM meM zRMgAra rasa, nAyaka-nAyikA bheda, bArahamAsA, nakhazikha varNana ityAdi paravartI kAvya-pravRttiyoM kA Adi rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai| saMskRta meM kAvya racanA sarga baddha hotI thii| pratyeka sarga meM bhinna-bhinna chanda yojanA aura sarga ke anta meM chanda badalane kI prathA pracalita thI kintu apabhraMza meM kAvya saMdhiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAne lgaa| pratyeka saMdhi kaI kar3avakoM se milakara banatI thii| kar3avaka kI samApti dhattA se hotI hai| ina kar3avakoM meM pajjhaTikA, alillaha Adi chandoM kA prayoga hotA hai / sAhityadarpaNakAra ne likhA hai, 'apabhraMza nibaddha 'smin sargAH kuddvkaabhidhaaH|

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84 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa __ jainAcAryoM ne apabhraMza kAvya ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAne kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA, use lokamAnyatA dilAI aura isa lokabhASA ko kAvyabhASA aura pariniSThita ziSTa bhASA kA gaurava dilaayaa| isameM na kevala janasAmAnya kI bhAvanAoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA balki sarala aura yathArtha grAmya jIvana kI pRSThabhUmi meM use jIvanta kara diyaa| paramparA se haTakara apabhraMza ne jo krAntikArI kadama uThAyA usase marugurjara sAhitya vyApaka rUpa se prabhAvita huA, sAtha hI lAbhAnvita bhI huaa| parantu isase yaha na samajhA jAya ki apabhraMza ke kavi kevala paramparA kA tyAga karanA hI krAntikAritA kA cihna mAnate the balki unhoMne AvazyakatAnusAra paramparA kA uttama nirvAha bhI kiyA hai tathA pUrva aura paravartI sAhitya ko jor3ane kA mahattvapUrNa karttavya nibhAyA hai| ___ kathAnaka rUr3hiyA~--kAvya meM kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai / citradarzana, svapnadarzana, guNazravaNa se premotpatti, zuka, haMsa Adi kA dUta bananA, nAyaka kA siMhaladvIpa jAkara atula sampatti prApta karanA, aneka sundariyoM se vivAha karanA, samudra yAtrA meM tUphAna AnA, naukA kA dhvasta honA, nAyaka-nAyikA kA viyoga aura anta meM kisI alaukika zakti kI kRpA se punarmilana, vimAtA kA trAsa Adi kathArUr3hiyA~ saMskRta, prAkRta se hotI huI apabhraMza taka AI aura apabhraMza ne unheM saMjokara prayoga karane ke pazcAt aura adhika sampanna rUpa meM unheM marugurjara ko sauMpa diyaa| karakaMDacariu, bhavisayattakahA, jiNadattacariu, zrIpAlacarita Adi kAvya grantha isake udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kie jA sakate haiN| ____ abhivyaMjanA-marugurjara ke abhivyaJjanA pakSa para apabhraMza kA sarvAdhika prabhAva par3A / kAvya rUpa aura kAvya racanA zailI kI jitanI paddhatiyA~ marugarjara meM pracalita haIM una sabakA utsa apabhraMza kAvya sAhitya meM milatA hai| itane vividha prakAra ke kAvya rUpoM se marugurjara sAhitya jo sampanna dikhAI par3atA hai usakA zreya apabhraMza ko hai| kathAnaka rUr3hiyA~, kAvya rUpa, bhASA zailI, alaGkAra aura chanda Adi abhivyaJjanA ke sabhI pakSoM para apa- - bhraMza kI spaSTa chApa dekhI jA sakatI hai| zailI- dhvanyAtmakatA yA anuraNAtmakatA apabhraMza kAvya bhASA kI jAnImAnI vizeSatA hai| vividha bhAvoM aura kAvya-vyApAroM ko vyakta karane ke lie tadanukUla zabda yojanA kA sundara saMyoga isa kAvya kI apanI vizeSatA hai / bhauroM kI guMjAra, capalA kI camaka, ghana garjana, zastroM kI TakarAhaTa,

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 85 vAdya yantroM ke vividha svara aura nUpuroM tathA kaMkaNoM kI jhaMkRti ke lie dhvanyAtmaka zabdoM kA cayana evaM AvazyakatAnusAra unakA nirmANa jitanA apabhraMza ke kaviyoM ne kiyA utanA anyatra durlabha hai, isa sambandha meM 'paramacariu' kI do paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM ----- "haNa-haNa haNaMkAra mahAraudu / chaNa chaNa chagaMtu guNaM dichi sadu / kara-kara karaMtu koyaMDa pavaru, thara-thara tharaMtu NArAya niyaru / " siri thUlibhadda phAgu kI varSA varNana sambandhI nimna paMktiyA~ prAyaH udghRta kI jAtI haiM : 'jhiri jhari jhari jhari jhiri e mehA varisaMti / ' isI prakAra pAMDava purANa, jasaharacariu Adi kAvyoM se aneka udAharaNa die jA sakate haiM jinameM bhramaroM kI guMjAra ke lie 'gumagumaMta' pada nupUroM kI jhaMkAra ke lie 'dhavadhavadhavaMta' puSpoM kI sugandhi ke lie 'mahamahamahaMta' Adi padoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / zabdoM aura vAkyAMzoM kI AvRtti se kathana ko prabhAvotpAdaka banAne kI pravRtti, muhAvaroM-lokoktiyoM ke prayoga se bhASA ko sajIva evaM sakSama banAne ceTA bhI mahagurjara sAhitya meM apabhraMza se hI hokara AI hai / isa prakAra eka vizeSa prakAra kI kAvya racanA zailI apabhraMza se marugurjara ko virAsata ke rUpa meM milI hai jisase usakA upadezaparaka sAhitya bhI adhika zuSka hone se baca gayA, kahIM-kahIM to kAphI kAvyamaya bhI bana gayA hai / chanda - saMskRta ke sAtha zloka, prAkRta ke sAtha gAthA yA gAhA aura apabhraMza ke sAtha dUhA yA dohA kAvyakSetra meM chA gaye / dohA kA AbhIroM aura soraThA kA saurASTra se sambandha jor3A jAtA hai / naI jAtiyoM ke sAtha nayI bhASA, naye kAvya rUpa aura chanda Aye hoMge / gAthA prAkRta kI prakRti ke anusAra dIrghAnta aura dohA apabhraMza ke anusAra hrasvAnta hai / harivallabha bhayANi ne saMdeza rAsaka kI prastAvanA meM likhA hai ki rAsaka eka prakAra kA chanda bhI hai jo ikkIsa mAtrA kA hotA hai / sandezarAsaka aura jinadata sUri kI prasiddha racanA 'carcarI' meM isI chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kAvya meM svAbhAvika laya pravAha ke lie chanda vidhAna kA bar3A mahattva hotA hai | apabhraMza muktakoM meM dUhA aura prabandha kAvyoM meM caupai kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se dekhA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra abhivyaJjanA ke anya pakSoM kA usI prakAra apabhraMza ke chandoM kA bhI marugurjara para kAphI prabhAva par3A hai / saMskRta meM varNavRttoM kA prayoga hotA thA kintu prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke kaviyoM

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa ne pramukha rUpa se mAtrika chandoM kA prayoga kiyaa| inameM se dohe aura caupAI kA apabhraMza sAhitya meM sarvAdhika prayoga huaa| kar3avakabaddha zailI meM kavi vastu varNana karate samaya viSayAnusAra chanda parivartana karake kAvya prabhAva utpanna karane meM sakSama hotA hai| apabhraMza meM kaviyoM ne do bhinna-bhinna chandoM ko milAkara (antyAnuprAsa) naye-naye chandoM kA bhI nirmANa kiyaa| chappaya, raDDA, kuMDaliyA, caMdrAyana Adi isI prakAra ke mizra chanda haiM jinakA apabhraMza aura marugurjara meM praryApta prayoga huA hai| prAkRta ke kaviyoM ne bhI mAtrika chandoM kA prayoga kiyA thA kintu mAtrika chandoM meM tuka yA antyAnuprAsa kI yojanA dvArA laya aura saMgIta yA geyatA kA saMcAra apabhraza kaviyoM kI maulika sUjha hai jisakA pUrA lAbha marugurjara aura A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM ke sAhityoM ko milaa| antyAnuprAsa kA prayoga na saMskRta meM thA aura na prAkRta ke chandoM meM thA, yaha paravartI kAvya sAhitya ko apabhraza kI apanI nijI dena hai| isa kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki apabhraMza ke jaina kaviyoM ne yathAsaMbhava sAmantI saMskRti aura saMskRta kA jUA utAra pheMkane aura bhASA tathA sAhitya ko janasAmAnya se jor3ane kA krAntikArI kadama uThAyA jo apane samaya kI eka pragatizIla pravRtti mAnI jaayegii| isa pravRtti kA paravartI marugurjara sAhitya ko jo avadAna prApta huA usake lie na kevala marugurjara balki sabhI A0 bhA0 A0 bhASAoM kA sAhitya apabhraMza kA ciraRNI hai| isalie Aja bhI usake adhyayana kI adhikAdhika AvazyakatA banI huI hai / bhAratIya vAGmaya ke suvistRta zRGkhalA kI apabhraMza eka anivArya kar3I hai jisake abhAva meM vaha chinna-bhinna ho jAyegI aura tamAma sUtroM ko DhUr3ha sakanA asaMbhava ho jaayegaa| alaMkAra, pratIka Adi ke upayukta prayogoM se isa kavitA meM kAvyaguNa kA samAveza saMtalita DhaMga se haA hai| ataH inheM korI sAmpradAyika zuSka racanAyeM kahakara upekSita rakhanA anucita hai| apabhraMza ke prabhAva-svarUpa marugurjara meM dohA, caupAI, soraThA, kavitta, savaiyA, chappaya Adi mAtrika chaMdoM kA adhika prayoga huA hai kintu isakA yaha kadApi matalaba nahIM ki varNika chaMdoM kA sarvathA parityAga kara diyA gayA thaa| unakA prayoga kama huA hai / marugurjara sAhitya meM vibhinna prakAra kI DhAloM, deziyoM aura rAga-rAginiyoM kA abhinava prayoga karake saMgItAtmakatA utpanna karane kA prabhAvazAlI prayoga marugurjara kI maulika sUjha hai /

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87 maru-gurjara kI nirukti isa prakAra pratyeka bhASA-sAhitya aura vyakti bhI bahuta kucha virAsata meM prApta karatA hai aura kucha na kucha apanI ora se bhI paramparA meM yogadAna karatA hai tathA paramparA ko pragatizIla banAye rakhane meM sahAyaka hotA hai / kAvyarUpa-jaina apabhraza sAhitya kAvya rUpoM kI dRSTi se bar3A vividhatApUrNa hai| marugurjara ke kaviyoM ko apabhraza se yaha sampadA to milI hI thI, unhoMne apanI nijI sUjhabajha se isakI aura samaddhi kii| unhoMne lokagItoM se dezI dhunoM, toM aura urdU se gajaloM ko lekara racanA meM unakA prayoga karake tathA kabhI-kabhI eka hI racanA meM kaI rAga kI DhAleM dekara use bar3A hI saMgItamaya tathA vividhatApUrNa bnaayaa| jaina kAvyarUpoM kI vividhatA para prakAza DAlate hae zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne inheM viSaya, chanda, rAga, nRtya, kAvyaprabandha, upadeza, saMkhyA, aitihAsika paramparA, stotrastavana Adi vividha AdhAroM para vargIkRta kiyA hai|' chaMda kI dRSTi se rAsa, phAgu, ca upai, veli, carcarI, chappaya, dohA Adi; rAga kI dRSTi se bArahamAsA, jhUlaNA, lAvaNI, vadhAvA, prabhAtI, gIta aura padAdi; nRtya kI dRSTi se garabA, DAMDiyA, dhavala, maMgala Adi; kathA prabandha kI dRSTi se pavADo, carita, AkhyAna, kathA, saMvAda Adi; saMkhyA kI dRSTi se aSTaka, bAvanI, zataka, bahottarI, chattIsI, sattarI, battIsI Adi nAnA bheda haiN| usI prakAra aitihAsika dRSTi se paTTAvalI, gurvAvalI, talaharA, saMyamazrI varNana Adi; aura upAsanA kI daSTi se vinatI, namaskAra, stuti-stavana Adi na jAne kitane kAvya rUpa milate haiN| kAvyarUpoM kI aisI samRddha vividhatA zAyada hI kisI bhASA-sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI ho jitanI marugurjara meM hai| ina kAvya rUpoM kA aneka prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| zrI nAhaTA jI ne chaMda evaM rAga ke AdhAra para rAsa, caupai, beli, cauDhAliyA, vivAhalo; ArAdhanA rUpoM ke AdhAra para pUjA, saloka, vaMdanA, saJjhAya, nAmamAlA; kathAbandha ke AdhAra para prabandha; AkhyAna, kathA Adi nAnA bheda ginAye haiN| inake atirikta pravahaNa, pradIpikA, cunar3I Adi apekSAkRta kama pracalita rUpa bhI milate haiM / inameM se kucha kA saMkSipta aura 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'jaina kAvya rUpa' nA0 pra0 patrikA varSa 18 aMka 4 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'prAcIna kAvyarUpoM kI paramparA' pra0 bhAratIya vidyA mandira zodha pratiSThAna /

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88 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kucha pracalita kAvya rUpoM jaise rAsa, phA Adi kA thor3A vizeSa paricaya yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| prabandha--gadya, padya yA mizra zailI meM racita kAvyoM ko chaMda, prabandha, rAsa-rAso, caritra-cariu Adi kahA gayA hai| prabandha rAso aura rAsar3A yA rAsaka tathA pavAr3A yA pavAr3oM se bhinna prakRti kI racanA hai| vimalaprabandhamarugurjara meM prabandha racanA hai| samarArAsa, pethar3arAsa, vastupAla tejapAla rAsa Adi yadyapi 'rAsa' nAma se abhihita kI gaI haiM kintu ye vastutaH prabandha hI haiN| gaNapati kRta mAdhavAnala, jayazekharasUrikRta tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha (prabodhacintAmaNi kA bhASAntaraNa) aura pRthvIcandra carita (gadya padya maya) prabandha kAvya rUpa haiN| saMdhi-yaha AkAra-prakAra meM prabandha kAvya kA laghu rUpa hai| marugurjara meM yaha 13vIM zatI se hI milane lagatA hai / ratnaprabhakRta antaraMgarAsa sambhavataH isa paramparA kA prathama kAvya saM0 1237 meM likhA gyaa| isake bAda jinaprabhasurikRta mayaNarehAsaMdhi, anAthIsaMdhi, jIvAnuzAstisaMdhi Adi 13vIM zatAbdI kI saMdhi racanAyeM haiN| jinaprabhasUri ziSya kRta narmadAsundarI saM0 1328 aura jayadevagaNikRta bhAvanAsaMdhi isa vidhA kI ullekhanIya racanAyeM haiN| ___caupai-saMkhyA kI dRSTi se rAsa aura caupai sarvAdhika prayukta kAvya rUpa haiN| caupai kI paramparA prAcIna hai| yaha bAda meM bhI dIrghakAla taka calatI rhii| rAso kA jamAnA lada jAne ke bAda bhI caupai kA prayoga saikar3oM sAla bAda taka hotA rhaa| caupai chanda meM racita prabandha racanA ko ca upai yA caupAI kahA jAtA hai| ise catuSpadikA bhI kahate haiM / vinayacandra kRta neminAtha catuSpadikA (14vIM zatI), vijayabhadra kRta haMsarAjavaccha rAja caupai ityAdi isake kucha udAharaNa haiN| chaMda nAmaka kAvya rUpa bhI isI prakAra kA hai kintu isakA prayoga ajaina sAhitya meM adhika huA hai| rAsa -ye rAsa tAliyoM yA DAMDiyoM kI laya evaM ghUmara ke sAtha vizeSa utsavoM para jaina maMdiroM meM khele jAte the| zrI madbhAgavata ke pA~caveM adhyAya kA nAma rAsa-paMcAdhyAyI hai| yaha isakI prAcInatA kA dyotaka hai / nRta saMgIta pradhAna yaha kAvya vidhA apabhraMza se marugurjara meM AI, isakA pramANa saMdezarAsaka se milatA hai| vijayasenasUrikRta revaMtagirirAsa (saM0 1287) kI paMkti raMgii ramai je rAsu, zrI vijayasenasUri vinatIyau o|' yA prajJAtilaka kRta kacchulIrAsa kI paMkti 'jiNahari dita suNaMta,

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti manavaMchiya puravau', athavA ambadeva kRta prasiddha samarArAsa kI paMkti 'eharAsu jo par3hai, guNai, nAcai jiNahara dei' yaha siddha karatI hai ki ye rAsa kevala par3hane ke lie nahIM balki gAne-nAcane aura khelane ke lie race jAte the| upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA meM maMDalAvaddha rAsa aura ripudAraNarAsa kA ullekha hai / kRSNa kI rAsa lIlAoM ke bAda rAsa kA prAcInatama ullekha vANa ke harSacarita, udyotanasari kI kuvalayamAlAkathA Adi meM milatA hai jinase rAsakoM meM maMDalAkAra natya tathA padoM ke gAna kI sUcanA milatI hai| bhAratezvara bAhubalirAsa aura vIsaladevarAso meM unake nRtya-nATya hone kA ullekha hai| abhinavagupta ne (1000 I0) meM nATyazAstra kI TIkA meM DombikA, masRNa, rAsaka, hallIsaka Adi nRtya bhedoM kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai ki rAsaka-citra, tAla, laya se yukta, aneka nartaka-nartakiyoM ke samaha meM gAyA jAtA hai| carcarI ko bhI rAsaka ke antargata ginA jAtA rahA hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se isake do bheda kahe gaye haiM--masRNa evaM uddhata, isalie rAsaka vIra rasa pradhAna aura zRGgArarasa pradhAna donoM prakAra ke pAye jAte haiN| saMgItazAstra ke prasiddha grantha saMgItaratnAkara (san 1200 I0) meM rAsaka ko eka prakAra kA natya batAyA gayA hai / chandazAstra meM apabhraza ke aneka mAtrika chaMdoM kA nAma rAsa, rAsaka yA rAsA bhI milatA hai / kramadIzvara ke kathanAnusAra 'zeSo nAgare rAsakAdau' nAgara apabhraMza meM rAsa kI racanA hotI thii| isakA kSetra pazcimI bhArata thA, jahA~ rAsakoM kI racanA kA prAdhAnya thA / natya-geya hone ke kAraNa ye racanAyeM laghu AkAra kI hotI thiiN| Age calakara rAsa dRzya kAvya se nikalakara zravya kAvya meM zAmila ho gayA aura isakA vAstavika svarUpa kAphI badala gyaa| rAjA yA AzrayadAtAoM kI carita carcA rAsoM meM hone lgii| isa prakAra isake do varga bana gaye; rAsa yA rAsaka jo nRtya-geya racanAyeM haiM, AzrayadAtA rAjAoM 1. 'tIche tAlA rAsu paDai bahubhAra paDatA, anaI lakuTA rAsu joii khelA naactaa|' -pro0 maMjulAla majUmadAra 'gajarAtI sAhitya no svarUpa' pR0 68 yA "sulalita vANImadhurI sAdi jiNa guNa gAyaMtA; tAlamAnu chanda gIta bhelU vAjiMtrA vAjaM taa|" -prAcIna gurjara kAvya pR0 143

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maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke caritagAna karane vAle rAso granthoM kA varga dUsare prakAra kA hai jaise pRthvIrAjarAso, paramAlarAso aadi| yaha cAraNa sAhitya kA dUsarA nAma hI par3a gyaa| ye prabandhAtmaka bahad racanAyeM vAstava meM prAcIna rAsa paramparA meM nahIM AtI haiN| AzrayadAtA ke vaMza kI prazaMsA, usake yaza-zaurya kA atizayoktiparNa varNana inakA mUkhya viSaya ho gayA, jaba ki upadezarasAyana rAsa, bharatezvara bAhabalirAsa Adi prAcIna rAsa nAmadhArI racanAoM meM isa prakAra kI bAtoM kA abhAva hai| yaha dUsarA rUpa apabhraza ke carita kAvyoM se prabhAvita hai / marugurjara meM inheM cariu, rAsa donoM nAmoM se pukArA bhI jAtA thaa| maru gurjara meM 13vIM se 15vIM zatAbdI taka likhI rAsa nAmadhArI racanAyeM adhikatara choTI haiM aura ve suvidhApUrvaka khelI jA sakatI haiM / bAda meM yahA~ bhI bar3e-bar3e rAsa grantha likhe jAne lage jo kevala par3he jA sakate haiM; gAye yA khele nahIM jA sakate / svayaMbhU ne rAsa kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA thA ki jisa kAvya meM dhattA, paddhaDiyA tathA anya manorama chandobaddha racanA ho, jo janamana ko manohara lage, vaha rAsaka kahalAtI hai| mujarAso, saMdeza rAsaka Adi ko mUla bhAvanA rati yA prema hai| jainetara rAso granthoM meM kanyAharaNa, zatruparAjaya, yuddha, prema Adi kA varNana milatA hai lekina jainAcAryoM ke likhe rAsa grantha prAyaH nIti aura dharmopadeza yukta haiM / rAsaka, rAsau, rAsu, rAso, rAsalau Adi nAmoM se pukAre jAne vAlI jaina racanAoM kA mukhya viSaya tIrthaMkara, sAdhU-sAdhvI yA zrAvaka kA carita. gAna hai jisane apane tyAga-tapasyA aura niyama-saMyama se loka jIvana ko prakAzita evaM prabhAvita kiyA hai| inameM zRGgAra, vIra gaur3a; nirveda, zAnta rasa pradhAna hai| DaoN0 kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla, kavirAjA zyAmaladAna Adi purAne vidvAnoM ne rAsa zabda kI vyutpatti rahasya se; A0 rAmacandra zukla ne rasAyaNa se; DaoN0 griyarsana ne rAjAdeza se; haraprasAda zAstrI ne rAjayajJa evaM rasika Adi zabdoM se siddha kI hai| kintu Ajakala ke adhikatara vidvAn isakA sambandha saMskRta ke rAsa zabda se jor3ate haiM jo zrImadbhAgavata, hari- - vaMzapurANa, kAvyAnuzAsana, sAhityadarpaNa Adi granthoM meM zRGgAra pradhAna gItoM se yukta nRtya lIlA ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| zAradAtanaya (13vIM zatI) ke prasiddha grantha bhAvaprakAza tathA zAGga deva ke saMgIta ratnAkara ke anusAra loka nRtya lAsya kA paravartI vikasita rUpa rAsa hai|

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA apane graMtha rAsa evaM rAsAnvayI kAvya meM likhate haiM ki inameM tatkAlIna yuga kA spaSTa citra khIMcA gayA hai| usa kAla meM rAsa nRtya atyadhika lokapriya thaa| isalie jainAcAryoM ne isa lokapriya vidhA ko apane upadeza kA mAdhyama banAyA hogaa| kisI nagara meM jaba koI AcArya praveza karatA thA to tAlarAsa yA lakUTarAsa ( DAMDiyA ) kA abhinaya hotA thaa| revaMtagirirAsa meM vijayasena sUri ke isa kathana kA hama ullekha kara cuke haiM ki jo loga rAsa nRtya karate haiM unase nemijina prasanna hote haiN| prArambhika rAsoM ke laghu AkAra hote the, zrRMgAra, zAMta aura tyAgapUrNa kathA prasaMgoM kA barNana hotA thA / inameM dohA chappaya, dezI lokagIta, DhAla Adi kA . yoga kiyA jAtA thaa| inake racanA kI avicchinna paramparA 18 vIM zatAbdI taka milatI hai yadyapi inakA svarUpa kAphI badala gayA thaa| isakA eka ullekhanIya saMgraha 'aitihAsika rAsasaMgraha' nAma se cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho ca kA hai| carcarI bhI nAca-nAca kara gAyI jAtI thI ataH isakI prakRti bhI rAsa se milatI-julatI thii| A0 jinadatta kI carcarI aura rAsa donoM hI marugurjara rAsa ke prAcInatama udAharaNoM meM haiN| pavAr3o-prazastimUlaka vIrarasapUrNa kAvyaracanA pavAr3A kahI jAtI hai / mahArASTra meM yaha paddhati adhika lokapriya huii| yaha eka prakAra kA bRhad carita kAvya hai jaise asAita kRta haMsavacchacarita pavAr3o yA haMsAulI prabaMdha, vidyAvilAsa pavAr3o Adi / sphuTa rUpa se pavAr3e loka pracalita kathAoM para AdhArita vizeSa prakAra ke lokagIta bhI haiM jinakA astitva 13 vIM zatAbdI se milatA hai| __ AkhyAna- Arambha meM dhruvA aura anta meM dhattA lagAkara pAramparika chandoM, desiyoM meM racita upadeza pradhAna ina kAvya graMthoM aura rAsA-graMthoM kI racanA paddhati aneka bAtoM meM samAna dikhAI par3atI hai / AkhyAna meM bhI abhinaya ke sAtha gAyana evaM paThana-pAThana dvArA AsvAda lene kA vidhAna hai / isameM rasatattva adhika hotA hai| jaina AkhyAnoM meM sampradAya ke siddhAntoM aura upadezoM kA pracAra mukhya uddezya hotA hai jaise devacanda kRta sulasAkhyAna, apabhraMza meM racita 12 vIM zatAbdI kI yaha racanA bhASA evaM kAvya paddhati kA acchA namUnA hai| kathAvArtA-AkhyAna, upAkhyAna aura kathA prAyaH eka artha meM prayukta hote haiM / kathA gadya kI vidhA hai lekina apabhraMza evaM marugurjara meM yaha vidhA

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa prAyaH padya meM hI prayukta huI hai| manoraMjana ke sAtha loka zikSA isakA pradhAna lakSya hai| bRhatkathA, kathAsaritsAgara aisI racanAoM ke purAne udAharaNa haiN| jaina sAhitya meM samarAiccakahA, kuvalayamAlAkahA, vilAsavaikahA Adi ullekhanIya racanAyeM haiN| jaina kaviyoM kI kathAoM meM zRGgAra, vIra aura karuNa rasa kA uttama sammilana hai| dhanapAla kRta bhavisayattakahA aura paravartI racanAoM meM zratapaMcamIkathA, kautUhala kRta lIlAvaikathA Adi ke atirikta kaI kathAkoSa bhI upalabdha haiM jinameM aneka kathAyeM saMkalita haiN| purANa-svayaMbhU kRta harivaMzapurANa se lekara 12 vIM zatI ke padma kIrti kRta pArzvapurANa Adi taka nAnA pUrANa nAmadhArI racanAyeM apabhraMza meM pAI jAtI haiN| ye purANa' zailI para likhI gayI haiM jinameM jagat kI sRSTi, saMhAra, prasiddha rAjavaMzoM kI vaMzAvalI aura kathA dI gayI haiM / jahA~ eka hI carita kI kathA pradhAna rUpa se rahatI hai vaha purANa aura jahA~ kaI zalAkA puruSoM kI kathA ekatra gUMthI rahatI hai use mahApurANa kahate haiM kintu isa niyama kA bahuta kaThoratApUrvaka pAlana nahIM hotaa| rUpaka-kRSNa mizra (saMskRta) ke prabandhacandrodaya kI zailI para jaina sAhitya meM yazapAla kRta mohaparAjaya nATaka, anantanArAyaNa sUri kRta mAyAvijaya, padmasundara kRta jJAnacandrodaya, jayazekhara sari kRta prabodhacintAmaNi Adi ke atirikta marugurjara meM jinaprabhAcArya kRta bhavyacarita aura jayazekhara sUri kRta tribhuvanadIpaka Adi rUpaka racanAyeM haiN| ___ beli-isakI paramparA bhI purAnI haiN| beli kA saMskRta mUla vallabhI meM hai jo adhyAya kA vAcaka thA, bAda meM svatantra vidhA kA vAcaka ho gyaa| inakA mukhya viSaya mahApuruSoM kA guNagAna hotA hai / jainetara racanAoM meM kRSNa rukmiNI rI beli sAhitya jagata meM bahuprasiddha racanA hai / saMjhAya - jaina sAdhuoM ke guNa varNana tathA unakI preraNA se abhibhUta racanAoM ko svAdhyAya yA saMjhAya kahA jAtA hai| ye AkhyAnaparaka bhI hotI haiM aura AkhyAna rahita bhI / ataH inheM bandha aura abandha donoM kAvya rUpoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| tIrthaMkaroM, jainAcAryoM, muniyoM, satiyoM ke guNAnuvAda karane vAle zikSAmUlaka kAvya saMjhAya sambhavataH svAdhyAya zabda se vyutpanna haiN| ilAyacI putra saMjhAya, vayara muni saMjhAya Adi isake udAharaNa haiN|

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti vivAhala u-vivAha, maMgala, beli aura saMyamazrI Adi isake kaI nAma haiM / somamUrti gaNi kRta jinezvara sUri saMyamazrI varNanArAsa (saM0 1331), merunandana kRta jinodaya sUri vivAhalo ke atirikta aisI aneka racanAyeM ginAI jA sakatI haiM / kucha logoM kA vicAra hai ki vivAhalau hI vyAvalo se antataH beli bana gayA hai| isalie beli bhI vivAhalau kI koTi kA kAvya hai| dhavala bhI vivAhalau kA paryAyavAcI hai| aitihAsika jainakAvyasaMgraha meM saMkalita jinapatisUri dhavalagIta sambhavataH terahavIM zatI kI dhavala saMjJaka prathama jJAta racanA hai| yaha muktaka evaM prabandha donoM rUpoM meM prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| prArambha meM yaha lokagIta samaveta rUpa se gAne-nAcane ke lie prayukta hotA thaa| abhI bhI rAjasthAnI meM USA de dhaula aura janoI ke dhaula gAye jAte haiN| ise eka vizeSa chanda bhI mAnA jAtA hai / hemacandra ne 4, 6 aura 8 caraNa vAle chandoM kA chandonuzAsana meM ullekha kiyA hai aura isake utsAha, bhramara aura amara nAmaka tIna bheda bhI ginAye haiM / prAkRtapaiMgalam meM ise chappaya ke 71 bhedoM meM ginAyA gayA hai| saMgItazAstra meM eka vizeSa rAga ke rUpa meM bhI dhavala kA ullekha milatA hai| sAha rayaNa evaM bhattau dvArA likhita zrI jinapatisUri dhavala ( 13 vIM zatI) sambhavataH prArambhika dhavala hai| bAda meM jayazekhara kRta neminAthadhavala Adi. aneka dRSTAnta milate haiN| dhavala vivAhalau ke artha meM bhI kahIM-kahI prayukta huA hai kintu kahIM-kahIM dhamAli, cauDhAliyA Adi ke lie bhI dhavala kA prayoga kiyA gayA milatA hai| maMgala -janmotsava, vivAha Adi. ke avasara para gAye jAne vAle maMgala gIta bAda meM pracalita hue| ___ carca ro-( cA~cara ) rAsa kI bhA~ti nRtya-gIta yukta yaha bhI eka kAvya vidhA hai / A0 hemacandra ne chaMdonuzAsana meM carcarI kA lakSaNa batAyA hai isase isake prAcIna pracalana kA patA calatA hai / A0 jinadattasUri kRta 'carcarI' kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai / solaNu kRta carcarIkA ( 14vIM zatI ) bhI isa prakAra kI ullekhanIya racanA hai / cA~cari, caccarikA Adi, isake anya pracalita nAma haiM / ise tAla-nRtya ke sAtha uttavoM para gAyA jAtA thaa| jainAcAryoM ne carcarI kI racanA jaina mandiroM meM gAne yogya dhArmika padoM ke rUpa meM kI hai / phAgu-saMskRta phAlguna kA apabhraMza hai| isakA sambandha vasantotsava aura anaMgapUjA se hai / vasaMta ke Agamana para prakRti meM navajIvana kA saMcAra

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94 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hotA hai aura mAnava hRdaya meM prema evaM zRGgAra prasphuTita hotA hai / madanotsava phAgu kAvyoM kA prArambhika viSaya rahA hai| jaina phAgu kA bhI paryavasAna zama meM hI hotA hai| udAharaNArtha jinapadma kRta sthUlibhadraphAgu 14vIM zatAbdI kI phAgu saMjJaka prAcIna racanAoM meM eka hai| neminAthaphAgu ( rAjazekhara sUri kRta ), jaMbUsyAnIphAgu Adi ravanAyeM prAcInaphAgu saMgraha meM saMkalita haiN| RtuoM se sambandhita sAhitya kI vidhAoM meM phAga ke alAvA dhamAla, vasaMta, SaTRtu varNana, bArahamAsA, holI Adi kAphI lokapriya loka kAvya rUpa haiM / inameM se bArahamAsA kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| bArahamApA-isa meM varSa ke bArahamAsoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| neminAtha-rAjImatI sambandhI lokapriya viSaya vastu para AdhArita aneka racanAoM meM bArahamAsoM kA sundara svarUpa dikhAI par3atA hai| vinayacandra kRta neminAthabArahamAsA ullekhanIya hai / zrI nAhaTA jI kA kathana hai ki akele unake saMgraha meM zatAdhika bArahamAse haiM jinameM se tIna cauthAI kA sambandha neminAtha-rAjamatI ke viraha-varNana se hai / caumAsA--prabandha kAvyoM meM varSARtu kA vizeSa varNana milatA hai isa para svatantra grantha saMbhavataH nahIM hai| isI prakAra 'sAtavAra meM saptAha ke sAtavAroM kA varNana saMyoga aura viyoga ke prasaMga meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se milatA hai| prabandha kAvya rUgoM ko bhI kaI prakAra se vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaise jijJAsAmUlaka kAvya rUpa ke antargata ukhAMDA, kaTa, ulaTavAMsI, antarAlApa, mukarI, prahelikA, hIyAlI Adi pracalita haiM / ukhAMDA zabda saMkRta ke upAkhyAnaka se ukkhANau aura ukhAMDA banA hogaa| isa taraha ke prAcIna subhASitoM kA saMgraha merutuMga kRta prabandhacintAmaNi, somaprabha kRta kumArapAlapratibodha aura sAraMgadharapaddhati Adi meM milatA hai| kUTa yA ulaTavAsa--isakA prathama prayoga bauddhasiddhoM ke cayapidoM meM milatA hai| kabIra kI ulaTavAsiyA~ bhI prasiddha haiN| kahA jAtA ki sUradAsa Adi meM prApta kaTa padoM kI paramparA mahAbhArata se AI hai, ataH yaha ati prAcIna kAvya rUpa ThaharatA hai / gujarAtI meM jaba eka pakSa apanI bAta kA uttara dene kI cunautI dUsare pakSa ko detA hai to use kocahar3o kahA jAtA

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mara gurjara kI nirukti hai / gaNapati kRta mAdhavAnalakAmakaMdalA meM isa prakAra kI racanAyeM milatI haiN| antarAlApa--prahelikA kI eka svataMtra zailI hai| isameM prazna aura uttara donoM rahate haiN| hIrANade racita vidyAvilAsa pavAr3A meM antalopikAyeM milatI haiN| mukaro - apabhraMza kI vArtA evaM prabandha zIrSaka racanAoM meM mukarI yatratatra mila jAtI hai para isa para koI svataMtra graMtha saMbhavataH nahIM likhA gayA / amIra khusaro apanI mukariyoM ke lie prasiddha haiN| hindI meM bhAratendu ne bar3I cuTIlI vyaMgyAtmaka mukariyA~ likhI haiN| __prahelikA--isameM kisI vyakti ko saMzaya meM DAlakara usake buddhi kI parIkSA lI jAtI hai| jaina granthoM meM hIyAlI zabda prahelikA yA bujhauvala ke artha meM hI prayukta huA hai| arthagUr3hatA ke kAraNa ise gUr3hA bhI kahate haiM / rAjasthAna meM ise 'Ar3I' kahA jAtA hai| isakA pracalana kAvya rUpa kI taraha 16vIM zatAbdI se pUrva sambhavataH nahIM miltaa| devapAlakRta hIyAliyoM ko prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| yaha jyAdA pracalita kAvya rUpa nahIM hai / samayasundara ne naladamayantIcaupAI meM isakI carcA kI hai| ___ saMkhyAmUlaka kAvya rUpoM meM bar3I vividhatA pAyI jAtI hai| saptazatI, zataka jaise gAthAsaptazatI, amarUzataka, bhartRharizataka Adi prAcIna racanAyeM isI koTi kI haiN| inameM hajArA, triMzataka, paMcAsikA, caurAsI, bahattarI, chappanI, bAvanI, pacAsA Adi ullekhanIya haiN| prabodhapaMcAsikA, zukabahottarI, sUDAbahottarI, prabodhabAvanI, mAtRkAbAvanI ke alAvA aneka caubIsI aura bIsI bhI likhI gayI haiN| isI prakAra saptaka, aSTaka bhI milate haiN| upadeza va zikSAmUlaka kAvya rUpoM meM mAtRkA, kakka, kakaharA, akharAvaTa, akSara krama para AdhArita kAvya rUpa haiM jaise jagaDUkRta samyakatvamAi ca upaI, jinapadma kRta zAlibhadrakakka Adi / saMvAda aura saMdeza mUlaka kAvya rUpoM meM saMvAda mUlataH jaina kAvya rUpa hai jo vivAda aura jhagar3oM Adi kaI anya nAmoM se bhI pracalita hai jaise jihvAdaMtasaMvAda, gorI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sAMvalIsaMvAda, kRpaNanArIsaMvAda Adi / saMdezakAvya yA dUtakAvya kI paramparA bhI ati prAcIna hai| isameM meghadUta agragaNya hai / apabhraMza meM saMdeza rAsaka vaisI hI mArmika racanA hai| jaina racanAoM meM nemidUta, zukasaMdeza Adi prApta haiM / kahIM-kahIM bhramara, zuka, kAga Adi ko saMbodhita karake bhI saMdezakAvya likhe gaye haiN| hindI meM sUra kA bhramaragIta bahuta prasiddha hai| upAsanAmUlaka kAvya rUpoM meM kalaza, abhiSeka, prabhAtI, sA~jhI, badhAvA, gahUMlI, stavana, stotra, bhajana, AratI, caityavandana, caityaparipATI, tIrthamAlA, paTTAvalI, guNAvalI, jhUlA, hiMDolA Adi bIsoM kAvya rUpa pracalita haiM jinakA viSaya unake nAmoM se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / kAvyAtmaka rUpoM meM mAlA, mAlikA, kulaka, prakAza, latAmaMjarI, rasAyana, ratnAkara, koza, samuccaya aura sUtra Adi nAma bhI pracalita haiN| itara rUgoM meM salokA, dUhA, gIti, hama car3I, hIca, DhAliyA Adi jaina sAhitya ke prasiddha kAvya rUpa haiN|' gAne ke tarja ko DhAla yA desI kahA gayA hai| marugurjara sAhitya meM racanA ke khaNDa yA ikAI ko eka DhAla yA tarja meM livate haiM / isI prakAra DhAla meM racita racanA ko DhAliyA, cAra toM vAlI ko cauDhAliyA, chahaDhAliyA Adi bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha lokapriya rUpa jaina marugarjara kAvya meM sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai / ___ hamacar3I yA hIca nRtyayukta lokagItoM kA eka rUpa hai jo tAlI bajAkara ghUmate hue gAyA jAtA hai| isake alAvA lAvanI, garabA, holI, vihulI, phular3A Adi lokagItoM ke tarja para bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM racanAyeM milatI haiN| ___ gajala -marugurjara meM gajala nAmaka phArasI kI kAvyavidhA bhI bAda meM pracalita ho gayI thii| marugurjara sAhitya meM nagara varNanAtmaka gajaloM kI eka laMbI paramparA hai| inakI bhASA prAyaH hindI hai| yaha paramparA - 17vI, 18vIM zatAbdI meM adhika lokapriya huI / sarvaprathama hameM jaTamala kRta lAhauragajala aura khenAkRta citaur3arIgajala kA patA calatA hai| bAda meM prApta kucha gajaloM kA vivaraNa Age diyA gayA hai / uddharaNa Adi yathAsthAna diye jaayeNge| 1. DaoN. candrakAMta mehatA madhyakAla nA sAhitya prakAra

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti gajaloM kA vivaraNa-1 1. jodhapuranagaravarNanagajala -hemakavi saM0 1866 2. jodhapuranagaravarNanagajala -muni gulAba vijaya 1901. 3. jodhapura nagara varNana gajala -mahArAja mAnasiMha ke samaya 4. nAgara varNana gajala --manarUpa saM0 1862 5. mer3atA varNana gajala -manarUpa 1865 6. sojata varNana gajala -manarUpa 1838 7. bIkAnera varNana gajala -lAlacaMda - ityAdi tIna anya pracalita zailiyoM kA bhI yahIM ullekha ucita hogA (1) khyAta, (2) bAta aura (3) baca nikA, jaise DholA mAru, beli kRSNa rukmiNI rI bAta, acaladAsa khIMcI rI bAta aura bacanikA Adi prasiddha haiN| isa prakAra kAvya rUpoM kI dRSTi se apabhraMza aura usase poSita marugurjara sAhitya aura bhI adhika sampanna hai| rasa--marugurjara jaina sAhitya meM sabhI prakAra ke rasoM kA yathAsthAna AsvAda prApta hotA hai para vIra, zRgAra, adbhuta kA prayoga adhika kiyA gayA hai| ye sabhI rasa aMga haiM / jaina sAhitya kA aMgI rasa yA pradhAna rasa zAnta rasa hA hai| jaina sAhitya meM rasarAja kA pada zraMgAra ke sthAna para zAnta ko pradAna kiyA gayA hai| AtmA ke dvArA apane svarUpa kA anubhava AtmAnaMda hai aura kAvya ke rasa ko 'raso vaisA' kahakara brahmAnaMda-sahodara kA sthAna diyA gayA hai| jIvAtmA, mala, kaSAya, kaMcukAdi se baddha hone ke kAraNa apane zuddha rUpa kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara paataa| ina bandhanoM se mukti kI avasthA kA hI nAma zama yA nirveda hai| zama aura nirveda meM thor3A antara hai| bhoga kI apUrNatA tathA usake vyAghAtaka sthitiyoM ke kAraNa citta kI abhAvAtmaka vRtti kA nAma nirveda hai / isIlie kucha vidvAn nirveda ko nakArAtmaka mAnakara zAnta rasa kI sthiti para AkSepa karate haiM kintu kevala nirveda nahIM balki zama aura nirveda sthAyI bhAvoM kI abhivyakti se hI zAntarasa kI vAstavika niSpatti ho pAtI hai| zama ko zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva mAnA jAtA hai| kyoMki AtmA ke vizrAma kI avasthA kA nAma zama hai / yaha nakArAtmaka avasthA nahIM hai| isa tathya ko AcArya jinasena ne 'alaMkAra cintAmaNi' meM isa prakAra samajhAyA hai - "virAgatvA 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya pR0 283

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dinA nirvikAra manastvaM zama" / kavi banArasIdAsa ne bhI sabhI rasoM ko zAntarasa meM samAviSTa karate hue use pradhAnarasa ghoSita kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki dRr3ha vairAgya dhAraNa karanA tathA AtmAnubhava meM lIna honA hI zAntarasa kA anubhava hai / sukha-duHkhAdi se Upara uThakara prANimAtra ke prati samatva bhAva dhAraNa karanA zAntarasa kI saccI sthiti hai / ataH jainAcArya evaM kavi zAnta ko pramukha yA aMgIrasa mAnate haiM / anya rasoM ko aMga mAnate haiM / 98 - jIvana ke prati eka vizeSa dRSTikoNa - saMsAra kI nazvaratA, samatva dRSTi, ahiMsA, jIvadayA, naitika saMyama ke kAraNa jaina vicAraka zrRMgAra ko utanA mahattva nahIM dete / vaha kevala manuSya ko uttejita karatA hai aura usake zikSA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI ataH graMthoM meM usakI vivRtti aura AvRtti kI AvazyakatA nahIM mAnate / kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki ve loga inakA ucita upayoga nahIM karate yA tiraskAra karate haiM / jaina sAhitya meM sabhI rasoM kA aucitya pUrvaka nirvAha kiyA gayA hai / udAharaNArtha bAhubalirAsa (saM0 1241) meM vIrarasa kI uttama niSpatti huI hai / isI prakAra 'neminAtha catuSpadikA vipralaMbha kA uttama namUnA hai thUlibhadra phAgu, pradyumnacarita Adi meM zrRMgAra, karuNa, vIra Adi rasoM kA sundara nirvAha huA hai / ina sabhI kAvyoM meM yathAvasara vividha rasoM kA niSpAdana karatA huA aMta meM kavi sabakI carama pariNati zAntarasa meM hI dikhAtA hai / zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA aura zRGgArAdi rasoM kI gauNatA ke kAraNa kucha loga jaina sAhitya ko nIrasa, upadezaparaka mAnakara usakI avahelanA karate haiM kintu unheM yaha samajhanA cAhie ki manuSya svabhAvataH zAntipriya prANI hai / vaha sahaja hI zAntarasa kI ora bar3hatA hai| dUsarI ora 'joga hU~ te kaThina saMyoga paranArI ko' jaimI nirlajja paMktiyoM se azlIlatA aura amaryAdA tathA azAnti bar3hatI hai rati zRGgAra ke lie samajhAne kI koI jarUrata nahIM par3atI / kavi bhUdharadAsa ne likhA hai " sIkha binA nara sIkhata haiM, viSayAni ke sevana kI caturAI", kintu rAma yA nirveda ke lie upadezaAvazyaka hotA hai / nirveda ko RNAtmaka aura palAyanavAdI kahane vAle vicAraka bharata kI duhAI dete haiM aura kahate haiM ki unhoMne ise rasoM meM svatantra sthAna nahIM diyA ataH jaina kRtiyoM meM rasa kI sthiti ko sandigdha mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki zrRGgAra manuSya ko pravRttiparaka banAtA hai, kAmanA jagAtA hai,

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maha-gurjara kI nirukti 99 $ para zAnta rasa jIvana kI raMgIniyoM kA zamana karatA hai isalie ye donoM paraspara virodhI haiM | vipula jaina sAhitya isakA pramANa hai ki ina donoM ke svastha samanvaya se hI mAnava ko carama lakSya kI prApti ho sakatI hai / jaina kAvyoM meM nirveda ke dvArA jIvana kI mAdakatA, indriyalipsA aura udva ega kA zamana hotA hai na ki jIvana ke zubha pakSa kA damana / yahI isa sAhitya kI pramukha vizeSatA tathA loka jIvana ke lie upayogitA hai / prAyaH sabhI racanAoM kA viSaya dhArmika aura upadeza pradhAna hone ke kAraNa lekhaka racanA ke anta meM nAyaka-nAyikA ko viSayoM se virakta banAkara nirveda grahaNa karA detA hai / kathA kA ghaTanA pravAha isa prakAra gaThita kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha carama para pahu~ca kara zAntarasa meM paryavasita ho jAtA hai / ataH sabhI jaina kAvya nirvedAnta haiM / jaina kRtiyoM meM prAyaH nAyaka apane yauvana kAla meM rAjya prApti, zatru vijaya, sundariyoM kA upabhoga Adi saba karate haiM aura isa prakAra racanA meM zRGgAra, vIra, karuNa Adi ke lie kavi ko paryApta avasara mila jAtA hai kintu anta meM kisI muni ke upadeza se virakti avazya ho jAtI hai / paumacariu meM lakSmaNa ko zakti lagane para karuNa rasa kA srota pravAhita ho uThatA hai; kintu usI avasara kA upayoga kara kavi jIvana kI nazvaratA, zarIra kI kSaNabhaMguratA Adi kA mArmika upadeza de detA hai aura sthiti ko zama pradhAna banA detA hai / rAma socane lagate haiM ki duHkha sumeru kI bhA~ti acala, ananta hai aura ve nirveda kI sthiti meM pahu~cakara uparAma ho jAte haiM / dhanapAla kI prasiddha racanA 'bhavisayatta kahA meM bhavisayatta takSazikSA aura kuru rAjya ke yuddha meM vijayI hokara tamAma sukha aizvarya kA svAmI aura bhoktA banatA hai, kintu tabhI vimala buddhi muni ke upadeza se use virakti ho jAtI hai / tatkAla zRGgAra zAnta rasa meM paryavasita ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra thUlibhadda rAsa ( saM0 1266 ) meM dharma kavi ne kozA vezyA dvArA muni ke mana meM rati ke sthAna para nirveda kA bhAva utpanna karAne meM saphalatA prApta kI hai / thUlibhadra ghora zRGgArapriya nAyaka the para anta meM unhoMne nirveda dhAraNa karake mahAmuni kA sthAna prApta kiyA / vinayacandra sUri ne 'neminAtha catuSpadikA' meM rAjula ke viyoga aura usakI viraha vedanA kA bar3A mArmika citraNa kiyA hai kintu bAraha mahIne rote-rote anta meM rAjula ko zama kI prApti ho jAtI hai aura vipralambha zAnta rasa ke samakSa AtmasamarpaNa kara detA hai /

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100 mara-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saca pUchA jAya to mAnava jIvana kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA udgama evaM vilayana zama meM usI prakAra hotA hai jaise antataH sabhI nadiyoM kA saMgama samudra meM hI hotA hai| zAnti kA adhivAsa AtmA hai aura jaba dehAdi anitya padArthoM se vaha apane ko bhinna anubhava karane lagatA hai taba ahaMkAra, rAga-dveSa se hIna zuddha jJAnasvarUpa Atma ko parama zAnti kI prApti hotI hai| yahIM AtmA kI zama yA AnandAvasthA hai| jaina sAhitya meM vairAgyotpatti ke do sAdhana batAye gaye haiM (1) tattvajJAna aura (2) iSTa viyoga athavA aniSTa sNyog| isa taraha rAga kI antima klAnta avasthA hI vairAgya hai / DaoNkTara bhagavAnadAsa, kavivara banArasIdAsa Adi vicAraka isIlie zAntarasa ko hI rasarAja mAnate haiM / AcArya mammaTa ne 'zAnto'pi navamorasaH' kahakara isakI svatantra sattA kAphI pahale hI mAna lI thii| abhinava gupta ne bhI inakA samarthana kiyA thaa| isake zilpa kA vizada vinyAsa dhanaMjaya aura vizvanAtha ne kiyaa| rasarAja zAnta kA sthAyIbhAva vairAgya yA zama hai| tattvajJAna, tapa, dhyAna, samAdhi Adi isake vibhAva haiN| vastutaH jahA~ na rAga-dveSa, na sukha-dukha, na udvega-kSobha hai arthAt samatva hai vahIM zAnta rasa hotA hai / ataH RNAtmaka yA abhAva kA Aropa yathArtha nahIM hai| manuSya antataH zAntikAmI hai ataH zAnti kI kAmanA abhAva kI sthiti nahIM hai balki manuSya kI mUla pravRtti hai| jIvana meM saMyama, zAnti Adi kAmya haiN| 17 vIM-18 vIM zatI meM jaba hindI ke rIti sAhitya meM zRGgAra, nakha-zikha varNana Adi kA bolabAlA thA usa samaya bhI jaina kavi zRGgAra ko maryAdita karake usakA zAntarasa meM paryavasAna karate the| zRGgAra, nakha zikha varNana bhI kama nahIM kiyA gayA hai kintu ve sAdhya nahI balki prasaMga prApta sAdhana mAtra haiN| khemacandra kRta guNamAlA cau0 meM nAyikA guNamAlA kA rUpa varNana yA kavi sundara kI prasiddha kRti sItArAma cau0 meM garbhavatI sItA kA rUpa varNana bar3A saMyata aura maryAdita hai| ratnakIrti kRta neminAthaphAgu meM rAjula kI sundaratA kA manorama varNana, mAladeva kRta sthUlibhadra phAgu meM kozA vezyA kI mAdaka rUpa zobhA kA varNana hRdayagrI hI hai jaise :-- 'vikasita kamala nayana bani, kAma bANa baniyAre / khAMcai bhamuha kamAna mu~, kAmI mRga mana mArire / kAnahiM kuMDala dhAratI, jAnU madana kI jAlI re / zyAma bhuyaMgI yU beNI, yauvana dhana rakhavAlI re|'

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 101 nAgina dvArA gar3e dhana kI rakhavAlI karanA kitanA sundara aura paricita udAharaNa hai| kintu isakA anta nArI ke rUpa kA lobha chor3ane meM hI dikhAyA gayA hai| kevalajJAna aura Ananda kI sthiti meM jaba AtmA sthita ho jAtI hai , vahI zAntarasa kI carama pariNati hai| __hindI ke rAso kAvyoM meM yuddha-vIra kA preraka prAyaH zRMgAra rahA hai kintu jaina kAvyoM meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / muni kanakAmara ke karakaMDucariu meM vIra rasa kA uttama paripAka huA hai kintu yahA~ yuddha kisI sundarI ke lie nahIM huA , vIrarasa ke uparAnta kanyAoM ke samarpaNa evaM vivAha ke phalasvarUpa kavi ne zRGgAra rasa ke lie bhI paryApta avasara nikAla liyA hai kintu vIra rasa ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| vIrarasa kA bhI paryavasAna zAnta rasa meM hI haA hai kintu apane sthAna para vIrarasa kA acchA paripAka huA hai| yuddha prArambha hone para zastra saMpAta kI tIvratA kA anubhava choTe chaMdoM meM vIra rasa ke paripAka meM kitanA sahAyaka hai; dekhiye nimna paMktiyA~"tA hayaI tUrAI, bhuvaNayala pUrAI / vajjati vajjAiM sajjati snnnnaaii| ANAe ghaDiyAiM, para balaI bhiDiyA, kuMtAi majjaMti, kujaraiM gajahi / ' isI prakAra sabhI rasoM ko yathAsthAna anupAtAnusAra avasara prApta huA hai kintu sabakI carama pariNati nirveda aura zAnta meM hI huI hai| siddhoM aura santoM ke kAvya meM upalabdha zAnta rasa gauNa hai| vahA~ bhakti kA mahAsukha hI pradhAna hai / ataH zAnta rasa kI rasarAja ke rUpa meM sthApanA kA nirvivAda zreya jaina sAhitya ko hI hai / nemi aura rAjula kI kathA para praNIta prabhUta jaina sAhitya meM zRGgAra kA sphIta varNana hone ke bAvajUda aMgIrasa zAnta hI hai| sabhI rasoM kA varNana karane ke bAda zAnta rasa kA varNana karate hue thUlibhadra bArahamAse meM kavi vinayacandra kahate haiM phAguna zAnta rasai ramaI, ANI nava nava bhAvo jii| anubhava atula vasaMta mAM, parimala sahaja samAvo jI / ita kaviyoM kI kavitA meM eka tarapha sAMsArika rAgadveSa se virakti, dUsarI tarapha prabhu caraNoM meM parama zAnti kI pratIti abhivyakta huI hai, isa prakAra zAnta ke atirikta jaina kAvya meM bhakti kA bhI paryApta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ataH jaina bhakti para bhI isI ke sAtha vicAra kara lenA samIcIna hai|

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1.2 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ___ bhakti--apabhraMza aura marugurjara kAvya meM jaina kaviyoM ne 'bhakti' kA paryApta citraNa kiyA hai / jaina darzana ke SaDAvazyakoM meM samatA ke bAda stavana (bhakti) ko dUsarA Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| pratyeka sAdhaka kA yaha karttavya hai ki vaha jaina tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti kre| yaha stuti bhaktimArga kI japa sAdhanA yA nAmasmaraNa ke koTi kI vastu hai jisake mAdhyama se sAdhaka apane ahaMkAra kA nAza aura sadaguNoM ke prati anurAga kI vRddhi karatA hai| hindU paramparA meM jo sthAna Izvara ke avatAroM kA hai vahI sthAna jaina paramparA meM tIrthaGkaroM kA hai| donoM dharma saMsthApaka kahe gaye haiN| zakrastava meM tIrthaMkara ko dharma kA Adi karane vAlA, dharma tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAlA, dharma kA dAtA, dharma kA netA aura dharma kA sArathi kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkara dharma saMsthApaka to hai lekina duSToM kA vinAza ( hindU avatAra kI taraha ) usakA kArya nahIM hai kyoMki aisA karane meM ahiMsA kA siddhAnta bAdhaka hai| ataH hindU avatAroM kI taraha sajjanoM kI rakSA aura durjanoM kA vinAza usakA kArya nahIM, yaha usake nivRttimArga ke anukUla nahIM hai / vaha mAtra upadeza detA hai| tIrthaMkara bhI avatAroM kI taraha upAsya haiM lekina bhakta unase upAsanA ke badale kucha nahIM cAhatA / vaha unake guNoM kA smaraNa karake apane durguNoM se mukta hotA hai / bhakta AtmA prabha kI bhakti dvArA apane Atma svarUpa ko pahacAna letA hai / jaina tIrthaMkara svayam niSkriya rahate hue bhakta para apane uddhAra kA bhAra dekara use satkarma ke lie sakriya karatA hai na ki avatAra kI taraha bhakta ke samarpaNa mAtra se usa para kRpAlu ho usakI pUrNa rakSA kA AzvAsana de use niSkriya banA detA hai / stuti dvArA bhakta apane ArAdhya tIrthaMkara se kisI prakAra ke pratiphala kI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| "jaina aura bauddha mAnyatA yaha hai ki vyakti apane hI prayatnoM se AdhyAtmika utthAna yA patana kara sakatA hai| svayam pApa se mukta hone kA prayatna na karake kevala bhagavAn se mukti 1. namotthuNa arihaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM / Aigara.NaM titthayarANaM, sayaM subuddhANaM / dhammadayANaM, dhammadesayANaM, dhammanAthayANaM, dharmasArahINaM, dhammavara cAuraMtaH' cakkavahINaM / ' sAmayika sUtra-zastava / 'tIrthakara buddha aura avatAra kI avadhAraNaH tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR0 267 .

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mara-gurjara kI nirukti 103 kI prArthanA karanA jaina vicAraNA kI dRSTi se sarvathA nirarthaka hai|''1 jaina vicArakoM kI spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki kevala tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti karane se mokSa evaM samAdhi kI prApti nahIM hotI jaba taka manuSya svayam usake lie prayAsa na kare / jaina darzana meM bhakti ke sacce svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hae devacandra jI likhate haiM : 'aja kulagata kesarI lahere, nija pada siMha nihAla / tima prabhu bhakti bhavI lahere, Atama zakti sa~bhAla / ' jisa prakAra ajakula meM pAlita siMha zAvaka siMha ke darzana se apane prasupta siMhatva ko prakaTa kara letA hai usI prakAra sAdhaka tIrthaMkaroM ke gaNa kIrtana-stavana ke dvArA nija meM jinatva kI zodha kara letA hai / stuti sAdhaka kI aMtazcetanA ko jAgrata karatI hai| usake sAmane sAdhanA kA Adarza prastuta karatI hai| prayatna svayam sAdhaka ko karanA par3atA hai| jahA~ taka karma siddhAnta kA prazna hai kundakundAcArya kahate haiM ki vItarAga bhagavAn meM kiyA gayA rAga bandha kA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| yogIndu bhI kahate haiM ki para ke prati rAga bandha kA kAraNa hotA hai kintu 'sva' ke prati nhiiN| vItarAgI jina 'para' nahIM 'sva' AtmA hI hai| yahIM vaiSNava bhakti aura jaina bhakti meM antara AtA hai| yogIndu ne paramAtmaprakAza meM bhagavAn, siddha aura AtmA kI ekarUpatA dikhAI hai| niSkAma anurAga bandha kA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| isalie rAga to kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu jaisA pahale kahA gayA usa rAga ke badale bhakta apane prabhu se dayA, anugraha, prema kucha nahIM cAhatA / AcArya hemacanda ne kahA hai ki zraddhA hI bhakti hai jaba ki prasiddha hindI samAlocaka AcArya rAmacandra zukla zraddhA aura bhakti meM antara spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki 'bhakti zraddhA aura prema kA yoga hai|' bhakta bhagavAn se zraddhA bhakti ke badale anukampA, kRpA yA anugraha cAhatA hai| bhakti prema rUpA hai| bhakti ke nAte bhagavAn bhakta para kRpA karate haiM, zaraNa meM lete haiM, mAyA se mukta karate haiN| bhagavAn se prIti karane ke lie navadhA bhakti kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / jaina jJAna pradhAna evaM nivRttimUlaka dharma hai phira bhI bhakti se usakA sambandha hai| zraddhA se samyak darzana aura samyak darzana se mokSa kI prApti jainAcAryoM ko svIkArya hai ataH mukti ke lie jaina darzana meM 1. DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina 'jaina, buddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' pR0 394

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104 maru-gujara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zraddhA kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| zraddhA aura bhakti meM abheda to nahIM hai kintu sAmAnyatayA vizeSa bheda bhI nahIM hai / kucha jaina AcAryoM ne bhakti kI paribhASAyeM dI haiM |aa0 somadeva ke anusAra jina, jinAgama aura tapa tathA zruta meM pArAyaNa AcArya meM sadbhAva vizaddhiyukta anurAga hI bhakti hai / jaina kaviyoM kI bhakti yahI jinezvara zraddhA yA Atma athavA 'sva' se anurAga haiM / jainAcArya kundakunda ne aise anurAgiyoM ko yogI kahA hai| aisA yogI vItarAga para rIjhakara zraddhA karatA hai / karmoM kA kartA yA bhoktA svayam jIva apane sadkarmoM dvArA Atmika abhyudaya karatA hai / vaha apanI zraddhA bhakti ke badale vItarAga se dayA kI yAcanA nahIM karatA / vaha apane prayatnoM aura sadkarmoM dvArA bandha se chuTakArA pAtA haiM na ki bhakti mArgI bhagavAn dvArA usakI anukampA mAtra se sadgati pAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina sAhitya meM stuti, stotra, stavana, vaMdana sambandhI pracura sAhitya kAphI purAnA hai aura yaha socanA ki rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM bhakti kA pracAra vallabhAcArya kI kRSNabhakti ke prabhAva se huA aMzataH hI sahI hai| vaiSNava bhakti kA kucha prabhAva avazya paravartI jaina bhakti para par3A / prAcIna jaina bhakti sAhitya ke antargata bhakti Andolana se kAphI pUrva likhA abhayadevasari kRta 'jayatihayaNa stotra' prasiddha hai| isameM stuti-vandana hai kintu bhakti kA pracalita artha meM vikasita rUpa nahIM hai| jaina bhakti kAvya ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai (1) niSkala aura (2) sakala bhakti dhArA / yaha hindI bhakti sAhitya kI nirgaNa aura saguNa bhakti dhArA ke samAna hai / niSkala brahma siddha haiM, siddha aura zuddha AtmA eka hI hai / sakala brahma arahanta ko kahate haiN| isa dhArA meM pracara jaina bhakti sAhitya upalabdha hai| dhanapAla kRta bhavisayattakahA meM jinabhakti kA Adarza dekhA jA sakatA hai aura nemicanda bhaMDArI kRta jinavallabhasUri guNa varNana (saM0 1256 ) meM AcArya bhakti kA namUnA milatA hai| hindI meM bhaktikAla saM0 1400 se 1100 taka mAnA jAtA hai| isa avadha meM jaina bhakti kAvya kI saikar3oM racanAyeM likhI giiN| dhanaAnandaH bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, banArasIdAsa Adi isake ullekhanIya stambha haiN| inapara vaiSNava bhakti kA prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai yathA Anandaghana ke bhagavAn svayaM bhakta ke ghara Aye, unake harSa kA pArAvAra 1. DaoN0 prema sAgara jaina 'jaina bhaktikAvya' /

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maru-gurjara kI nirukti 105 nhiiN| dAmpatya bhAva se vaha milana ke lie zrRMgAra karate haiM aura kabhI virahiNI bhAva se milanAtura hokara tar3apa uThate haiM aura kahate haiM "kaMca na varaNo nAhare mohiM koi melAvo / aMjanareha na AMkhar3I bhAva,bhaMjana sirapar3o daahre|" ina paMktiyoM kA svara nirguNa santoM kI rahasyavAdI premapIra kI birAdarI kA lagatA hai| kabIra kahate haiM _ "aMkhar3iyA jhAI par3I paMtha nihAra-nihAra, jIbhar3iyA~ chAlyA paDyA pIva pukAri-pukAra // " alaukika dAmpatya prema kI abhivyakti Anandaghana ke padoM kI vizeSatA hai / yaha utkRSTa koTi kA AdhyAtmika bhaktibhAva hai| isI prakAra ke bhAva jinaharSa,,jJAnAnanda Adi bhakta kaviyoM ne bhI vyakta kiye haiN| isI prema ke sambandha meM AdhyAtmika vivAhoM kA varNana jaina kAvyoM meM khUba huA hai| dIkSAkumArI yA saMyamazrI ke sAtha AcAryoM, muniyoM ke vivAhoM kA varNana kaI vivAhala u, dhavala aura maMgala Adi meM jaina kaviyoM ne kiyA hai / tIrthaMkaroM kI caritrarUpI cUnar3I dhAraNa karane vAlI priyA kA rUpaka bhI isI sandarbha meM bA~dhA gayA hai| brahma jayasAgara kI cunar3I, samayasundara kI caritra-cunar3I aura sAdhukIrti kI cunar3I Adi isI prakAra kI AdhyAtmika prema vivAha sambandhI racanAyeM haiM / AdhyAtmika holiyA~, phAgu bhI paryApta likhe gaye haiN| ye sabhI premAbhakti ke aMga haiN| kahIM kahIM vAtsalya, sakhya, vinaya aura dAsyabhAva bhI bhaktibhAva ke aMgarUpa meM abhivyakta hue haiN| ArAdhya kI mahattA, apanI laghutA, dInatA, upAlambha, nAmajapa Adi bhakti ke aneka prakAra paravartI jaina bhakti sAhitya meM milate haiN| guru bhakti kA ina sabake Upara sthAna hai| isa prakAra zraddhA se prArambha karake jaina kAvya meM 15-16vIM zatAbdI taka Ate-Ate bhakti kA svarUpa bhakti Andolana se prabhAvita hokara nAnAvIthiyoMse pravAhita avazya huA hai kintu usakA mUlatattva nirantara aparivartita rahA hai| __ Atmatattva kI gahana anubhUti hI ciraMtana kAvya hai| jaina kaviyoM kI svAnubhUti maya abhivyakti svAbhAvika aura sahaja hai| inakI kavitA meM nirguNa aura saguNa kA bheda nahIM, samanvaya milatA hai| vaiSNava bhakti ke aMtargata brahma svayaM avatAra letA hai / rAma aura kRSNa brahma se manuSya bane the

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106 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kintu jaina ahaMta apane sadkarmoM dvArA manuSya se bhagavaMta banate haiN| aise ahaMtoM kI saguNa brahma kI bhAMti pUjA-upAsanA yA bhakti hotI hai| inakA sAhitya sacce artha meM saMta sAhitya hai| inakA brahma nirguNa-saguNa se pare hai / guru ko bhagavAn mAnanA, vAhyADambara kA virodha, cittazuddhi, saMsAra kI asAratA kA bodha, AtmA-paramAtmA kA priya premIrUpa isa sAhitya meM saMtasAhitya kI taraha apane utkRSTa rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| __ inakI kavitA meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI udAratA, samarasatA aura ekatA ke darzana hote haiN| inhoMne zAntarasa pradhAna sAhitya kI racanA dvArA sAhitya ko usake uccatama Asana para pratiSThita kiyA hai aura usake mAdhyama se mAnava mAtra ko saMyama, sadAcAra kA saMdeza dekara usake manobala ko U~cA aura caritra ko Adarzonmukha banAyA hai| bhakti meM bhakta mukti nahIM cAhatA, kintu advaitavAdI nirguNopAsaka AtmA aura paramAtmA kA vahI aikya 'appA so paramappA' dvArA ghoSita svIkRta kiyA gayA hai / 'buddhoM evaM tIrthaMkaroM kA devIkaraNa tathA ina paramparAoM meM vibhinna devI-devatAoM kA praveza yaha saba hindU paramparA kA hI ina para paravartI prabhAva hai|''1 ataH jaina paramparA meM bhakti Andolana ke pazcAt devI-devatAoM kI bhakti bahuta kucha bhAgavata paramparA se prabhAvita huI hai kintu bhakti kA eka aisA rUpa jisake aMtargata sAdhaka ko apane prayatna aura sadkarmoM kI alaukika preraNA milatI rahe jaina paramparA meM prAcInakAla se pracalita thI jisa para AdhArita pracura sAhitya marugurjara meM likhA gayA hai jisakA yathAsthAna Age vivecana kiyA jaayegaa| 1. tIrthakara, buddha aura avatAra kI avadhAraNA, pR0 257

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dvitIya adhyAya maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya (1201-1300) AdikAla kA nirdhAraNa A0 rAmacandra zukla ne likhA hai ki 'jaba taka bhASA bolacAla meM thI taba taka vaha bhASA yA dezabhASA hI kahalAtI rahI, jaba vaha bhI sAhitya kI bhASA ho gaI taba usake lie apabhraMza zabda kA vyavahAra hone lgaa|" isa kathana se pichale adhyAya meM nivedita yaha sthApanA pramANita hotI hai ki 12 vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt jo apabhraMza kI racanAyeM milatI haiM ve bolacAla kI janabhASA kI racanAyeM nahIM haiM balki pariniSThita sAhityika bhASA zailI kI racanAyeM haiM jinakI paramparA 15 vI 16 vIM zatAbdI taka calatI rahI kintu inase dezya-bhASAoM ke kramika vikAsa kA ThIka anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA balki unakA kramika vikAsa marugurjara yA purAnI hindI kI racanAoM ke AdhAra para hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| jainakavi 13 vIM zatAbdI se hI marugurjara meM sAhitya sRjana karane lage the| yaha avazya dikhAI par3atA hai ki kabhI-kabhI eka hI kavi donoM prakAra kI bhASAoM kA prayoga eka hI racanA meM yA bhinna-bhinna racanAoM meM karatA thA / eka hI samaya alaga-alaga kaviyoM dvArA ina donoM bhASAoM meM kAvya racanA ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| hindI kSetra ke sudUra pUrvI pradeza meM maithila kokila kavi vidyApati ne apabhraMza ke sAtha bolacAla kI dezIbhASA kA bhI prayoga apanI racanAoM meM kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA 'desila bayAna saba jana miTThA, te taisana jampaoM avhttttaa|' arthAt dezIbhASA (bolacAla kI bhASA) sabako mIThI lagatI hai. isase maiM dezIbhASA yukta apabhraMza (avahaTTa) meM kavitA karatA huuN| maithilakokila kA yaha kathana marugurjara ke kaviyoM 1. AcArya rAmacandra zukla-hindI sA0 kA itihAsa, pR0 5

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108 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa para bhI saTIka sahI siddha hotA hai| vastutaH isa kAla meM apabhraMza aura marugurjara kI sImArekhA spaSTa na hone ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI ghusa paiTha bhI ho jAtI thI, pariNAmataH eka hI racanA ko eka vidvAn apabhraMza kI, dUsarA marugurjara kI aura tIsarA purAnI hindI kI racanA ghoSita kara detA thA aura ve tInoM hI zAyada apanI dRSTi se ThIka the| phira bhI marugurjara jaina sAhitya kI eka prArambhika sImA nirdhArita karanA Avazyaka hone ke kAraNa hamane adhikAMza vidvAnoM dvArA mAnya vi0 13 vIM zatAbdI ko prArambhika sImA svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH isa prakaraNa meM vi0 13 vIM zatAbdI ke jainakaviyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jaayegaa| A0 rAmacandra zukla ne hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla meM jaina aura bauddha sAdhu-siddhoM kI racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jisase yaha nirvivAda hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ke saMdezavAhaka ina sAdhu-siddhoM ne hI dezI bhASA meM sAhitya sarjana kA kArya sarvaprathama prArambha kiyA thaa| isa samaya taka sAhityika apabhraMza bolacAla kI pracalita bhASA se dUra ho rahI thii| bolacAla meM pracalita tatsama zabdoM kA usameM se sAyAsa bahiSkAra kiyA jAne lagA thA aura unake sthAna para pracalita dezI zabdoM ko bhI na prayukta karake eka nizcita rUr3hi ke AdhAra para zabdoM ko gar3hA aura prayukta kiyA jAne lagA thA jinakA na to janapracalita bhASA se koI sarokAra hotA thA aura na ve janasAmAnya ko subodha hote the jaise nagara kA naara, yA upakAra kA 'uaAra' rUpa mala se jyAdA durbodha bana gyaa| yaha viDambanA dekhiye ki jina logoM ne janatA ke karIba paha~cane ke lie janatA kI bhASA ko sarvaprathama svIkAra kiyA thA ve hI rUr3hi meM phaMsa kara rUr3ha bhASA apabhraMza ke prati AgrahazIla ho gye| idhara kucha loga apabhraMza kA bAdha bA~dhate rahe kintu janabhASA kA pravAha prabalavega ke sAtha marugurjara, vraja, maithilI evaM dakkhinI Adi janabhASAoM ke rUpa meM pravAhita ho claa| marugurjara jaina sAhitya meM kAlavibhAjana kA AdhAra bhI pravRttiyoM ke sthAna para bhASA kA rUpa hI hai| 13 vIM zatAbdI se 15 vIM zatI taka jaina / racanAoM kI kAvya bhASA prAcIna hindI yA marugurjara arthAt jUnImaru, jUnI gujarAtI rahI ataH aisI racanAoM ko AdikAla ke antargata ginA jAtA hai| 16 vIM se 19 vIM zatAbdI taka kI avadhi ko marugurjara jainasAhitya kA madhyayuga mAnA gayA hai kyoMki isa kAlAvadhi meM yadyapi hindI, rAjasthAnI,

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 109 gujarAtI Adi dezI bhASAoM kA svatantra vikAsa spaSTa rUpa se ho gayA thA phira bhIjaina lekhakoM ke samagra sAhitya meM dharmopadeza kI eka pradhAna evaM sAmAnya pravRtti ke kAraNa ise eka hI zIrSaka ke antargata rakhA jAtA hai| gujarAta-rAjasthAna se jainadharma kA sambandha--abhilekhIya aura aitihAsika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para jainadharma kA sambandha ina pradezoM se paryApta prAcIna mAlama par3atA hai| vIra nirvANa saM0 84 kA bAlaDI kA abhilekha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt I0 pUrva lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM jainadharma kA praveza rAjasthAna meM ho cukA thA ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki usI ke AsapAsa ina pradezoM meM jainAcAryoM kA paribhramaNa prArambha ho gayA hogaa| mathurA kI vAcanA ke pazcAt valabhI meM huI AgamoM kI vAcanA se bhI yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAna aura gujarAta jainadharma ke kendra bana gaye the| AcArya kAlaka kI kathA kA sambandha bhI mAlavA, gujarAta se lage hue siddha pradeza se hai ataH yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM ho sakatI ki pA~cavIM zatAbdI se hI ina pradezoM meM jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra hone lagA thaa| 5vIM se 7 vIM zatAbdI taka gujarAta rAjasthAna meM jainadharma janatA meM jainAcAryoM dvArA bar3e adhyavasAyapUrvaka pracalita kiyA jAtA rhaa| cInI yAtrI hvanacyAga harSa ke samaya (7 vIM) bhArata yAtrA para aayaa| usane ku-ce-lo athavA gurjara ke rAjA kA ullekha kiyA hai aura (pi-lo mo-lI) bhInamAla ko gurjara kI rAjadhAnI batAyA thA / yahA~ kA yuvaka, kSatriya rAjA prasiddha aura parAkramI thA aura 'bauddha dharma kA vaha anuyAyI thA / " svayam harSa bhI bauddha aura brAhmaNa matoM kA Adara karatA thaa| ujjayinI meM mahAkAlezvara ke prasiddha maMdira se zaivadharma kI uttama sthiti sUcita hotI hai| usa samaya gujarAta meM jaina muniyoM kI upasthiti kA ullekha cInI yAtrI ne kiyA hai| usane bauddha vidvAn divAkara ke Azrama meM arhat (jainI) maskari, zvetapaTa (zvetAmbara) kezaluJcaka aura lokAyata Adi ko dekhA thaa| kAdambarI meM vANa ne bhI maNitArA (harSakI chAvanI) meM jaina arhata, pAzupata, brAhmaNa Adi ko samrATa ke darzana kI pratIkSA meM dekhA thaa| jainadArzanika siddhasena divAkara kI mAlavA gujarAta meM 5 vIM zatAbdI meM upasthiti kI sUcanA milatI hai| 1. zrI gaurIzaMkara caTarjI 'harSavarddhana' pR0 165 2. vahI pR0 331

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110 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AThavIM zatI meM rAjasthAna meM mahAn AcArya haribhadrasUri ne hajAroM logoM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura dhUrtAkhyAna Adi granthoM dvArA paurANika andhavizvAsoM para vyaMgya karake janatA ko sadmArga dikhAyA / 9 vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya siddharSi (upamitibhavaprapaMcakathAkAra), 11-12 vIM meM kharataragaccha ke saMsthApaka jinezvarasUri aura jinadattasari tathA 13 vIM meM tapAgaccha ke saMsthApaka jagaccandrasUri Adi AcAryoM kA vihAra aura dharmapracAra ina pradezoM meM haa| 11 vI 12 vIM zatAbdI se gujarAta meM caulakya vaMza kI sthApanA ke bAda jainadharma kI rAjasaMrakSaNa mila jAne ke bAda vahA~ isakA pracAra-prasAra bar3I tejI se haA aura ina sthAnoM para yaha dharma khaba phailA, phUlA aura phalA tathA ina dharma ke saikar3oM uttama vidvAnoM ne apanI anupama racanAoM dvArA marugurjara bhASA sAhitya kA bhaMDAra bhraa| ye donoM pradeza bhaugolika, sAMskRtika dRSTi se milejule pradeza haiM / jaina muni donoM pradezoM meM samAna rUpa se vihAra evaM dharmopadeza karate the isalie inakI racanAoM meM gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI mizrita bhASA kA prayoga svAbhAvika rUpa se huA jise hI marugurjara nAma diyA gayA hai / 12 vIM zatAbdI ke kucha vidvAnoM kI carcA sUtra rUpameM Age kI jA rahI hai kyoMki 13 vIM zatAbdI kI sAhityika pIThikA inhIM kI kRtiyoM para pratiSThita huI hai| 13 zatAbdI kI sAMskRtika pIThikA-kharataragaccha ke saMsthApaka jinezvara sUri (12 vIM zatI) aura unakebhrAtA buddhisAgarasUri ne rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM samAna rUpa se dharmapracAra kiyaa| inhoMne prAkRta, saMskRta tathA apabhraMza meM kaI uttama racanAyeM kI jinameM pramAlakSma svoMpajJa, aSTaka prakaraNavRtti, kathAkoSaprakaraNa Adi prasiddha haiN| Apa varddhamAna sUri ke ziSya the tathA asAdhAraNa pratibhA sampanna AcArya the| Apane apane guru ke sAtha gurjarAdhIza durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke zithilAcAra para zAstrArtha kiyA / durlabharAja ne inake pakSa ko 'kharA' mAna kara inheM kharatara kA viruda pradAna kiyaa| taba se inake anuyAyI kharataragacchIya kahe jAne lage / ApakI racanAoM meM marugurjara ke tattva na to prApta hote haiM aura na Apa hamArI samaya sImA meM par3ate haiM ataH inakI bhASA para vizeSa vicAra Avazyaka nahIM hai| ___ amayadeva sUri' (navA~gI vRttikAra)-- zrI zrIlAMgAcArya ne 11 aMgoM para saMskRta meM TIkAyeM likhI thIM kintu samaya ke sAtha nau aMgoM kI TIkAyeM lupta 1. Apa maladhArI abhadadeva sUri se bhI bhinna the / maladhArI abhayadeva prazna

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maru gurjara jaina sAhitya 111 ho gii| AcArya abhayadeva ne inakI pUrti kI ataH ye navAMgI vRttikAra kahe jAte haiN| Apa pradyamnasari ke ziSya aura rAjA bhoja ke samakAlIna -mahAdArzanika abhayadeva sUri se bhinna haiM / ve dhArA nagarI nivAsI mahIdhara zreSThi ke putra the| unhoMne siddhasena divAkara kRta prAkRta graMtha sanmatitarka para saMskRta meM 'tatvavodha vidhAyinI nAmaka TIkA likhI thii| prastuta abhayadeva bar3asalla nagara nivAsI ( medapATa ) the| inake bacapana kA nAma sAMgadeva thaa| ye kisI rAjA ke lADale putra the kintu A0 jinezvarasUri ke upadeza se inheM vairAgya huA aura saM0 1088 meM Apa ne dIkSA lii| Apa kA svargavAsa saM0 1145 meM huaa| Apa jaina samAja meM zAstroM ke saphala TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiM / Apane sthAnAMga, samavAyA~ga, bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazAMga, antakRtdazA, anuttaraupAtika, praznavyAkaraNa aura vipAka nAmaka nau aMgoM para saMskRta meM vidvattApUrNa TIkA likhI hai| Apa kharataragaccha ke pAMcaveM paTTadhara the aura jinacandra sUri prathama ke gurubhAI the / Apa jinavallabha sUri ke zikSA ziSya the| ___ Apake prasiddha stotra 'jayati huyeNa' kI bhASA meM garugurjara ke kucha prayoga prApta haiN| yaha stotra sAhitya ke prAcInatama udAharaNoM meM ginA jAtA hai| yaha stotra apabhraMza bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| isameM 33 gAthAyeM haiM / isakI eka gAthA udAharaNArtha prastuta hai... "jayatihuyaNa vara kappa ikarava jaya jiNa dhanna tari, jayatihuyaNa kallANA kosa duriya karavari kesari tihuyaNa jaNa avilaMdhi ANa bhuvagattaya sAmiya kuNasu suhAi jiNesa pAsa thaMbhaNayapuriTThiya / / zrI jinavallabhasUri--AcArya jinezvara sUri ke dIkSAziSya aura abhayadeva sUri ke zikSA-ziSya the / Apako AcArya pada saM 1167 meM prApta huaa| Apane bhI hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM naye jaina bnaaye| Apane saMskRta vAhana kula ke harSa purIya gaccha ke AcArya jayasiMha sUri ke ziSya the / Apa kevala malamala kA uttarIya evaM adhovastra dhAraNa karate the isalie sammavataH jayasiMha siddharAja yA karNadeva ne inheM 'maladhArI' viruda diyA thA, kintu yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki Apa kar3e tapazcaryA meM lIna rahane ke kAraNa zarIra ko vAhaya saphAI Adi para dhyAna nahIM dete the isalie inakI prasiddhi maladhArI ke rUpa meM ho gaI thii| 1. zrI mo0 de0 -0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 55

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112 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aura prAkRta meM aneka uccakoTi kI racanAyeM kI jinameM citrakUTaprazasti, navakAramAhAtmya, dvAdazakulaka, piMDavizuddhi, praznottara SaSTIzataka Adi ullekhanIya haiM, inakI bhASA zailI ko 'samasaMskRta' kahA jAtA hai / Apako vidvAnoM ne kAlidAsa kI koTi kA kavi kahA hai| AcArya jinadatta sUri-12-13 vIM zatAbdI ke bar3e pratibhAzAlI AcArya the / Apako yugapradhAna mAnA jAtA thA; Apa uccakoTike dharmAcArya evaM lekhaka the / Apane marudezakA saghana paribhramaNa kiyA aura jainadharma kA khUba pracAra kiyaa| Apako marusthalI kalpataru bhI kahA jAtA hai| ajamera nareza arNorAja aura tribhuvanagiri ke rAjA kumArapAla Adi tatkAlIna zAsaka, sAmanta Apake bhakta the| Apane apane guru jinavallabhasUri kI stuti meM prasiddha 'carcarI' likhI hai jisakI carcA pahale adhyAya meM kI jA cukI hai kintu yahA~ punaH smaraNa karanA Avazyaka lagatA hai kyoMki yaha racanA marugurjara kI prArambhika racanAoM meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| upadezarasAyanarAsa aura kAlasvarUpakulaka ApakI anya racanAyeM haiM jo prakAzita bhI hai| ApakI gadyaracanA 'bAlAvabodhaprakaraNa' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / isa prakAra Apa marugurjara ke prathama gadya-padya lekhaka ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| Apake pitA vAchiga huMbaDa jAti ke the| ApakI mAtA kA nAma bAhar3a devI thaa| ApakA janma gujarAta ke gholakA nagara meM saM0 1132 meM huA thA / Apa jina vallabhasUri ke paTTadhara the| ApakA dIkSAnAma somacandra thA saM0 1169 meM Apako AcArya pada milA aura ApakA nAma A0 jinadatta rakhA gyaa| ApakA svargavAsa saM0 1211 meM huA / isa prakAra Apa 12 vIM aura 13 vIM zatAbdI ke bhI AcArya aura sAhityakAra the / ataH yaha apekSita thA ki inakI kRtiyoM kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA jaay| Apane svayam uccakoTi kA sAhitya likhA aura sAtha hI Apane ziSyoM aura prazaMsakoM kA bar3A samUha nirmita kiyA / Apake samasAmayika evaM paravartI kaviyoM ne ApakI prazaMsA meM prabhata sAhitya likhaa| caityavAsa ke viruddha prabala Andolana karane ke kAraNa Apa yugapradhAna kahe gaye / inake samakAlIna AcAryoM meM A0 hemacandra aura vAdideva sUri Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| Apako 'dAdA' kahA jAtA hai / ApakI jIvanI ke lie prAmANika grantha gaNadhara sArddhazataka bRhadvRtti hai jise sUri jI ke svargavAsa ke 84 varSa pazcAt paM0 sumatigaNi ne likhA thaa| Apake nAma para anekoM dAdAvAr3I bane aura na jAne kitane stavana stotra likhe gye| ApakI prasiddha racanA 'gaNadhara sArddhazataka' meM gurjarattA

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113 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya zabda kA prAcIna prayoga milatA hai / ukta tIna marugurjara kI racanAoM ke alAvA Apane saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM bhI kaI grantha likhe haiM jinakI sUcI yahA~ dI jA rahI hai :- vighnavinAzIstotra (isakA hajAroM logoM dvArA nitya pATha hotA hai), pAzvanAthastotra, gaNadharasaptatikA, sarvAdhiSThAyIstotra, suguru pArataMtryastotra, zrutastotra (prAkRta); ajitazAntistotra, cakrezvarIstotra, sarvajinastuti (saMskRta), saMdeharatnAvalI, caityavaMdanakulaka avasthAkulaka, vizikA, AdhyAtmagIta Adi / Apane rudrapallI meM RSabhadeva aura pArzvanAtha, ajamera meM pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, vikramapura meM mahAvIra pratimA, tribhavana giri meM zAntinAtha jinAlaya aura cittaur3a meM jinAlaya kI pratiSThA karAI / Apane apane ziSya jinacandra kI yogyatA se prasanna hokara unheM 9 varSa kI avasthA meM hI apanA yuvarAja banA diyA thaa| sUrijI kA svargavAsa ( ASAr3ha zuklA ekAdazI saM0 1211) hone ke bAda jinacandra (dvitIya dAdAguru) ne apane guru ke agni saskAra sthala para sundara stUpa banavAyA / A0 jinadatta stuti sAhitya meM palha yA palla kRta stuti aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| isake sAtha dhanapAla kRta tilakamaMjarI aura saccariu mahAvIra utsAha apabhraMza kAvyatrayI ke nAma se prakAzita hai| yaha stuti dasa chappaya chandoM meM hai; isakI saM 1170-71 kI likhI tAr3apatrIya prati prApta hai / yaha racanA bhI 12 vIM zatI ke antima caraNa (saM0 1170 ke AsapAsa) kI hai| ataH isakI bhASA para apabhraMza kA prabhAva adhika hone ke kAraNa ise bhI apabhraMza kI racanA kahA jAtA hai| isakI jinarakSita dvArA likhita saM0 1170 aura brahmacandra gaNi dvArA likhita saM0 1171 kI pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM / palhakRta stuti kA chappaya isa Azaya se uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai ki vidvAn isakI bhASA ke sambandha meM lie gaye ekataraphA nirNaya para punarvikAra kareM "jiNa diTThai ANaMdu caDai ai rahasu caugguNu / jiNa didui jhaDahaDai pAu taNu nimmala huiyuNu / jiNa diTThai suhu hoi kaTu puvvukkiu nAsai / jiNa didui hui riddi dUri dAridda paNAsai / jiNa diTThai hui sui dhammamai abuha hukAru uikhahu / yaha navaphaNa maMDiu pAsa jiNu, ajayameri kina pekkhahu / ' 1 aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha caturtha bhAga pR0 367

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114 mara-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yadyapi isakI bhASA para apabhraMza kI ghanI chAyA hai kintu yaha sarala evaM subodha hai / isameM laya evaM pravAha hai| saMsAra samudra kA kAvyamaya varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai - jara jala bahala rauchu loha lahari hi gajjatau, mohamaccha ucchaliu kova kallola bahaMtau / bhayabhayarihi parivariu baMca bahuvela dusaMcaru gavva garuya gaMbhIra asuha AvattabhayaMkaru / saMsAra samudu ju e risa u jasu puNu pikkhivi dariyar3A, jiNadatta sUri ubaesa muNi tara taraMuu tariyai'' bhASA ke sahaja pravAha ke lie nimna paMktiyoM kA namUnA dekhiye - "tava saMjama sama niyama-dhamma kammiNa vAvariyau / __ loha koha bhaya moha tadava savvihi prihriyu|" __isa bhASA ke AdhAra para maiMne inheM marugurjara ke Adi kaviyoM meM sthAna dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai, AzA hai isakA aucitya vidvajjanoM ko svIkArya hogaa| ___ AcArya kI stuti meM kucha sphuTa chaMda chappaya Adi bhI prApta haiM jinameM se 16 chappayoM kA eka saMgraha zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne yugapradhAna jinadatta sUri nAmaka pustaka ke pRSTha 3 para prakAzita kiyA hai| zrI jinadatta sUri ke kisI ajJAta siSya dvArA zrI jinadatta sUri stuti padya saM0 16) kI apUrNa prati kA ullekha zrI nAhaTA jI ne jaina marugUrjara kavi aura unakI ravanAyeM bhAga 1 meM pR0 40 para kiyA hai / yaha racanA jaisalamera meM tAr3apatrIya prati kra0 156 se 157 aura 159 para apUrNa rUpa se prApta huii| ___ jJAnaharSa kRta zrI jinadatta sUri avadAta chappaya meM Apake aneka camatkAroM kI carcA hai| isakA samaya anizcita hai| 13 vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha jainAcArya jagaccandra sUri ke ugratapa kA Adara karate hue saM0 1285 meM mevAr3a ke rANA ne inheM 'tapA' viruda pradAna kiyaa| taba se inake gaccha kA nAma tapAgaccha par3a gyaa| gujarAta ke maMtrI vastUpAla ne ina kA bar3A sammAna kiyA aura tabhI se gujarAta meM tapAgaccha kA bar3A prabhAva ho gayA / inase kucha pUrva devasUri nAmaka AcArya ne siddharAja kI sabhA meM digambara sAdhu kumudacandra ko vAda meM parAsta kara vAdideva sUri kA viruda arjita kiyA thaa| Apane apane guru municandra sUri kI stuti meM 25 padya kI eka racanA apabhraMza mizrita dezI bhASA meM likhI jo jaina graMthAvalI meM prakAzita hai / Apane saMskRta meM kaI grantha likhe /

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 115 inhIM vAdideva ko praNAma karake vajrasena sUri ne 'bharatezvara bAhubali ghora nAmaka racanA 45 padyoM meM marugurjara bhASA meM kI hai jise marugurjara kI prArambhika kRtiyoM meM ginA jAtA hai / prathama adhyAya meM isakA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / Age cala kara isI se sambandhita racanA zAlibhadra sUrine saM0 1241 meM 'bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa' nAmase likhI jisakA yathAsthAna vivaraNa diyA jAyegA / zrI nAhaTAjI ke anusAra utsAha aura ghora saMjJaka abhI taka kevala eka eka racanA hI prApta huI hai| ghora kI racanA saM0 1225 ke AsapAsa huI thI / isakI bhASA meM marugurjara ke prArambhika prayoga prApta hote haiM / dhanapAla kRta 'saccariu mahAvIra utsAha' kI carcA bhI pahale kI gaI hai / 15 padyoM kI isa choTI racanA kA mahattva aitihAsika aura bhASAvaijJAnika bhI hai| ghora aura utsAha donoM racanAyeM stuti pradhAna haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki mAravAr3a ke sAcaura sthita mahAvIra kI mUrti ko tor3ane meM mahamUda gajanavI asaphala rahA to bhaktoM meM bar3A utsAha huA, kintu usake kulhAr3oM ke coTa kA cihna Aja bhI maujUda hai; sambandhita paMktiyA~ 'utsAha' se avatarita kI jA rahI haiM / " puNavi kulhAr3A hatthi levi jiNavara pacchutha'vi kulhAr3ehi so siri ajjavi dIsaha aMgi ghAya, sohiya tasu dhIraha, calaNa juyalu saccauri nayari paNamahuM tasu vIrahaM / 1 isa prakAra kramaza: gaMgotrI kI taraha kaI choTI-moTI zAkhAoM se marugurjara kI gaMgA kA udgama huA / tatkAlIna rAjanItika sthiti -- siddharAja solaMkI ke samaya gujarAta meM jaina dharma kI khUba tarakkI huii| usane hemacandra kRta siddhahaima kI pratiyA~ dUra-dUra bhejavAIM / siddhapura meM siddhapura vihAra aura pATaNa meM rAja vihAra kA nirmANa karAyA / kumArapAla ne saM0 1216 meM svayam jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA aura ise rAja dharma kA darjA pradAna kiyA / kintu (12 vIM) isa samaya taka janatA meM lezamAtra bhI bhedabhAva nahIM thA / kanhaiyAlAla mANikalAla muMzI ne likhA hai ki mahArAja kumArapAla ke sAtha pATaNa ke muMjalezvara mahAdeva mandira meM hemacandra bhI jAte the / AcArya hemacandra ke atizaya prabhAva ke kAraNa kucha vidvAn ise haimayuga bhI kahate haiM / niHsandeha taNu tADiu / aMbAhiu / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - rAjasthAnI sA0 kA AdikAla, paramparA pR0 153 2. mo0 da0 desAI, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 319

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116 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ve yugapuruSa the / inake anuyAyiyoM meM rAmacandra guNacandra (nATyadarpaNakAra) kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| zrI kezavalAla dhruva ne gujarAtI bhASA ke tIna yugoM meM se prathama yuga ( 11 vIM se 14 vIM zatAbdI ) kA inheM zalAkApuruSa batAyA hai| kumArapAla ke bAda gujarAta kI gaddI para usakA bhatIjA ajayapAla baiThA jo jainadvaSI, nirbuddhi aura atyAcArI thaa| usane kumArapAla dvArA dI jAne vAlI jaina mandiroM kI sahAyatA hI nahIM banda karavA dI balki AcArya hemacandra ke paTTadhara rAmacandra sUri ke gurubhAI bAlacandra kI sIkha se cir3hakara unakI krUratApUrvaka hatyA karavA dii| isake samaya se hI solaMkI rAjya kI avanati bhI hone lgii| mAlavA svatantra ho gayA / saM0 1233 meM ajayapAla kI hatyA eka dvArapAla ne kara dI aura usakA bAlaka mUlarAja do varSa taka gaddI para rahA, tatpazcAt usakA choTA bhAI bhImadeva (bholA) gaddI para baiThA / yaha kevala bholA hI nahIM vilAsI bhI thaa| isake nAma para mahAmaNDalezvara lAvaNyaprasAda aura usakA yUvarAja vIradhavala zAsana kA kAmakAja calAte the| antataH saM0 1300 meM vIradhavala ke putra baghelA vizAladeva ne solaMkI rAjA tribhuvana pAla se gujarAta kA siMhAsana chIna kara svayam ko vahA~ kA zAsaka ghoSita kara diyaa| isane saM0 1318 taka zAsana kiyaa| isa prakAra isI samaya se gujarAta meM solaMkI zAsana kA anta evaM baghelA zAsana kA prArambha huaa| ____ ajayapAla ke bAda bhI solaMkI tathA baghela rAjAoM ke mantrI, senApati aura anya bar3e rAja karmacArI prAyaH jaina hI rahe / inameM aMbaDa, AhlAdana aura prasiddha amAtya vastupala-tejapAla ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| ina logoM ne jaina dharma kI rakSA tathA prabhAvanA ke lie bar3A mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyaa| ataH isa kAla meM marugurjara ke kaviyoM kA Adara-sammAna hotA rahA aura unhoMne paryApta sAhitya kA sajana kiyA / vastupAla tejapAla ne sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi meM abhUtapUrva yogadAna diyA, isake kAraNa kucha loga tatkAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya ke yuga ko inake nAma para vastupAla-tejapAla yuga bhI kahate haiM / ye zrIpattana ke rahane vAle prAgvAT vaMzIya jaina vaNik azvarAja aura unakI patnI kumAra devI ke cAra putroM meM tIsare aura cauthe putra the| bholA bhIma nirbala thA ataH zAsana sUtra inhIM donoM bhAiyoM ne sa~bhAla rakhA thaa| bholA bhIma ke bAda vIradhavala ke samaya bhI ye donoM bhAI mantrI aura rAja zAsana ke saMcAlaka rahe ataH inakA prabhAva kramazaH bar3hatA hI gyaa| ye rAjanItijJa ke sAtha kAvya evaM kalA marmajJa the| vastupAla svayam sukavi ..

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 117 the ataH rAjakAja adhikatara tejapAla hI sa~bhAlate the| inheM sarasvatI putra, kavi kuMjara, kavi cakravartI Adi viruda prApta the / vastupAla kRta naranArAyaNAnanda ( saMskRta ) uttama mahAkAvya hai / inake samakAlIna lekhakoM meM somezvara, nAnAka paNDita, arisiMha, amaracandra sUri Adi prasiddha kavi hue| somezvara vIra dhavala ke purohita aura vastupAla ke Azrita the / inhoMne apanI 'kIrtikaumudI' nAmaka 9 sargoM kI racanA meM vastupAla kI viruda kA varNana kiyA hai / isI prakAra arisiMha ne sukRta saMkIrtana nAmaka racanA unhIM kI prazaMsA meM likhI hai / udayaprabhasUri kRta sukRta kIrtikallolinI' Adi aisI kaI racanAe~ likhI gaIM / rAjasthAna meM bhI solaMkI rAjAoM kA prabhAva thA / dakSiNI rAjapUtAnA to kucha kAla taka unake rAjya kA eka aMga hI thA / bAda meM zAsakIya prabhAva nahIM rahA kintu dhArmika ekasUtratA ke kAraNa rAjasthAna ke adhikatara zAsaka jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA ke lie yathAsambhava sahAyatA karate rahe aura donoM pradezoM meM marugurjara jaina sAhitya likhA gayA / ratnaprabhasUri mahezvarasUri, AsaDa Adi kaI prasiddha lekhaka hue| jaina mantrI samabhAva se sabakA samAdara karate the / isa kAla meM bauddha dharma apane zithilAcAra ke kAraNa kaI thAnoM meM vibhakta hokara paMcamakArI sAdhanA meM lipta thA aura dhIre-dhIre vighaTita ho rahA thA kintu jaina dharma apane kaThora anuzAsana, saMyama, tapa ke kAraNa zAsakoM, rAja karmacAriyoM aura zreSThivarga meM phaila rahA thA / isake AcAryoM ne dharma pracAra ke lie apabhraMza aura marugurjara meM pracura sAhitya likhA jo adhikatara zvetAmbara AcAryoM aura lekhakoM kI dena hai kyoMki digambara AcArya mukhyataH apabhraMza meM hI likhate rahe yA bAda meM purAnI hindI meM likhA / dakSiNa ke digambara jainAcAryoM ne dakSiNa kI kannar3a Adi bhASAoM meM bhI likhA / sAhityika gatividhi - isa kAla ke sAhityika gatividhi kI eka jhalaka prastuta kI jA rahI hai / abhayadeva sUri ke ziSya varddhamAna sUri ne vIrajiNesarapAraNau ( gA0 43 ) 13 vIM zatAbdI meM likhI / 1 dharmasUri ziSya ne bhI isI samaya dharma sUri bAraha nAvauM nAmaka bArahamAsA 50 gAthAoM meM likhA, usakI bhASA kA namUnA dekheM : " kuvalaya dala sAmala dhaNu N gajjai, nabha chalu maNDala jhuNi chajjai / vijjulaDI jhabakihiM lavai bhaNaharu, bitthA revi kalAsu | "2 1. zrI A0 ca0 nAhaTA - jaina ma0 gu0 kavi 2. vahI * pR0 2 pR0 4

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118 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bAlacandra sUri ne 'karaNA vajrAyudha' nAmaka nATaka likhaa| Apake samakAlIna zrAvaka AsaDa ne vivekamaMjarI aura upadezakaMdalI para TIkAyeM likhiiN| jayasiMhasUri bhI isa samaya ke prasiddha kAvyakAra evaM nATakakAra the / unheM 'kavi sabhA zRGgAra' kA viruda prApta thaa| unhoMne prasiddha kAvya meghadUta kI manorama TIkA likhI hai / vAdideva sUri ke ziSya ratnaprabha sUri ne neminAtha carita ( 1233 saM0 ) aura dUsare ziSya mahezvara mUri ne pAkSika saptati para sukha prabodhinI nAmaka vRtti kI racanA kI / saM0 1246 meM mANikyacandra suri ne mammaTa ke prasiddha graMtha kAvyaprakAza para kAvyaprakAza saMketa nAmaka TIkA likhii| 12 vIM zatAbdI se hI marugurjara kA svarUpa nikharane lagatA hai aura usa para se apabhraMza kA dabAva kama hone lagatA hai / palha kavi kRta jinadatta sUri stuti kI paMktiyoM ko prastuta karake yaha pahale hI sUcita kiyA jA cukA hai / 13 vIM zatAbdI meM marugUrjara kI aneka uttama racanAyeM milatI haiM / kucha racanAoM para apabhraMza kA prabhAva bhI hai, kucha apabhraMza kI racanAyeM hI haiM phira bhI unameM marugurjara ke paryApta prayoga mila jAte haiN| isa kAla kA apabhraMza-sAhitya prAyaH marugurjara kA bhI sAhitya hai kyoMki bhASA saMkramaNakAlIna hai| mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne yogIndu ke yogasAra ke dohoM kI bhASA ko Ajakala kI dezI bhASA kA purAnA rUpa batAyA hai / ve kahate haiM "tene jUnI gujarAtI ke jUnI hindI nizcita paNe ApanI kahI shkiio|"1 eka dohA dekhiye :-- __ "ajara amaru gaNa gaNa Nilau, jahi appA thirathAi / so kammahi Navi baMdhayai, saMciya puba vilAi / " devasena AcArya kRta darzanasAra nAmaka prAkRta graMtha ke AdhAra para mAilla dhavala ne apabhraMza meM 'davvasahAva payAsa' (dravyasvabhAva prakAza ) likhaa| amarakIrti ne bhI apabhraMza meM 'chakkammuvoso' SaTkarmopadeza nAmaka graMtha likhakara gahasthoM ke lie Avazyaka chaha karmoM kA upadeza diyaa| isakI racanA gurjara pradezAntargata goddadaya ke cAlukyavaMzI rAjA kRSNa ke samaya saM0 1247 meM huI thii| inhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta meM bhI graMtha racanA kI hai| apabhraMza meM inhoMne 'purandara vihANakahA / likhI hai jisameM purandara vrata 1. mo0 da0 desAI - jaina sAhityano i0 pR0 65

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 119 vidhAna sambandhI kathA hai / dUsarI racanA NemiNAhacariu meM (vi0 1244) neminAtha kA caritra citrita hai / Apa mAthura saMghI zrI candrakIti ke ziSya evaM anuja the / Apane SaTkarmopadeza kI racanA ambAprasAda ke Agraha para kI thii| inake pitA kA nAma guNapAla evaM mAtA kA nAma caciNI thaa| inakI do racanAyeM aura kahI jAtI haiM mahAvIracariu aura jasaharacariu / ye sabhI apabhraMza pradhAna bhASA meM likhita kRtiyA~ haiM / isa kAla meM likhI racanAyeM saMkramaNakAlIna haiM, jinakI bhASA apabhraMza ke prabhAva kSetra se nikala kara dhIre-dhIre marugurjara ke prAMgaNa meM praveza kara rahI thii| ataH ina racanAoM kA marugurjara kI sAhitya pIThikA ke nirmANa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / isa prakAra kI racanAoM meM sobhaprabha kRta kumAra pAlapratibodha (saM0 1241 ) mahattvapUrNa hai / isakI bhASA hindI kI DiMgala racanAoM se kAphI mela khAtI hai jaise : "Dhola vajantA he sakhi pati Ayo mohi laiNa / bAMgA DholA maiM calI pati ko badalo laiNa / prabandha cintAmaNi meM merutuMga se pUrva kI racanAoM ke uddharaNa saMkalita haiM / merutuMga ke samakAlIna kaviyoM meM padmagupta kRta navasAhasAMkacarita, dhanapAla kRta tilakamaJjarI, dhanaJjaya kRta dasarUpaka aura isake TIkAkAra halAyudha Adi prasiddha racanAkAra the| inameM se kulacanda kavi kA eka dohA dekhiye "nava jala bhariyA maggaDA gayaNi dhaDakai mehu itthantari jAri Atasii, ta u jANisiu nehu / " isameM bhariyA ( bharA ) maggaDA ( maga meM saMdesaDA kI taraha DA pratyaya ) aura jAri Adi zabda dezya bhASA ke draSTavya haiN| ___ marugurjara jaina sAhitya kI katipaya viziSTatAyeM- isameM uccakoTi kI sAhityika racanAoM ke sAtha deza bhASA meM likhA lokasAhitya bhI pracura mAtrA meM prApta hai| ina racanAoM meM nAnA prakAra kI zAstrIya evaM loka kAvya vidhAoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ina racanAoM kI upalabdhatA nirantara banI huI hai, ye pratyeka zatAbdI ke pratyeka caraNa meM likhita haiM aura inakI prAmANika pratiyA~ jaina zAstra bhAMDAroM meM surakSita haiM / prAcIna sAhitya kI aisI akhaMDa evaM prAmANika upalabdhatA anyatra durlabha hai / inakA varNyaviSaya sAmAjika, dhArmika, aitihAsika aura loka jIvana ke sabhI pakSoM se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa atyanta vyApaka evaM vistRta hai / jJAna bhAMDAroM

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120 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kI sthApanA jaina dharma evaM samAja kI nirAlI vizeSatA hai| dharmabhAvanA se anuprANita zrAvaka-zreSThi, mantrI aura sAmantoM ne dharma-lAbha aura yazalAbha kI kAmanA se pustakoM kI pratiyA~ likhavAkara unheM surakSita rakhane meM apane dhana kA sadvyaya karake sAhitya kI mahAn sevA kI hai| inake dvArA bhASA vikAsa aura sAhityika paramparA tathA samAja kA adhyayana suvidhApUrvaka sampanna ho sakatA hai| marugurjara jaina sAhitya ne bhASA, kAvya-viSaya, kAvyarUpa Adi nAnA dRSTiyoM se paravartI sAhitya ko atyadhika prabhAvita kiyA hai aura paravartI sAhitya, cAhe vaha hindI kA ho yA rAjasthAnI athavA gujarAtI kA ho, marugurjara sAhitya ke amUlya avadAna ke lie usakA ciraRNI hai| marugurjara jaina sAhitya kA vivaraNa ( saM 1201-1300) abhayadevasUri - Apa rudrapalliya gaccha ke AcArya the| Apane saM0 1285 meM jayaMtavijaya nAmaka kAvya likhA jo nirNayasAgara presa meM chapa cukA hai| ___ navAMgI vRttikAra abhadevasUri kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| maNidhArI jinacandra sUri kAvyAJjali meM paM0 becaradAsa ne abhayadevasUri ke svargavAsa kA samaya saM0 1139 ke pazcAt batAyA hai| inhoMne jana zAstra ke nava aMgoM para TIkA likhI ataH navAMgI vattikAra prasiddha hue| inake paTTadhara zrI jinavallabha sUri ne madhukara kharatara zAkhA kA prArambha kiyA thaa| ApakA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI nizcita hai kintu 'jayantavijaya' kI racanA karane vAle abhayadeva kA samaya 13 vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa hai| ataH prathama abhayadeva ( navAMgI ) kA 'jayatihuyaNAstotra' maru gurjara kA prAcIna bIja hai kintu dvitIya abhayadeva suri kRta 'jayantavijaya' marugurjara kA pallavita vakSa hai| donoM meM saikar3oM varSa kA antara hai| aparaprabhasUri- ( 13vIM ) ke kisI ajJAta ziSya ne 'saMkha vApIpura maNDana zrI mahAvIra stotram' likhaa| ___Asigu yA zrAvaka Asiga--Apa zAntisari ke zrAvaka bhakta the| ApakI tIna racanAoM kA patA calA hai (1) jIvadayArAsa, (2) candanabAlArAsa aura (3) zAntinAtharAsa / jIvadayA rAsa ( 53 gA0 ) kI racanA saM0 1257 meM hii| isa rAsa meM jIvadayA, mAtA-pitA aura guru kI bhakti, satyabhASaNa, zuddha bhAva se dAna, tIrthoM meM snAna Adi karmoM para bala diyA gayA hai / dharma pAlana karane vAle rAjA dazaratha, bharatezvara,

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 121 mAMdhAtA, nala, sagara aura kaurava pANDavoM kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai / kavi kahatA hai ki jIva dayA kA paripAlana sabako karanA cAhiye"jIva dayA paripAlijae, mAya vappu guru ArAhijae / ' anta meM kavi kahatA hai 'gau dasarathu gau lakkhaNurAmu, mAMdhAtA nalu sagaru gao, gau kavarava pANDava parivAro / ' ataH sabako avazya dharmAcaraNa karanA cAhiye / dharmapAlana karate hue sundara vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa karanA, pakvAnna bhojana karanA varjita nahIM hai / kavi kahatA hai :-- dhammihi saMpajjai siNagAro, kari kaMkaNa ekAvali hAru / dhamma paTolA pahirajahi dhammihi sAli dAli ghiugholu / 1 yaha graMtha saM0 1257 ke Asoja zuklA saptamI ko 53 padyoM meM likhA gayA / ise kavi ne sahajigapura ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM likhA / isameM kavi ne apanA paricaya dete hue batAyA hai ki vaha jAlaura nivAsI thA athavA vahA~ usakI nanihAla thI aura vahIM basa gayA thA / jIvadayArAsa muni jinavijaya jI dvArA bhAratIya vidyA bhAga 3 meM prakAzita racanA hai / isameM jaina tIrthoM kA bhI varNana hai jinameM sAMcaura, nAmadraha, phalabaddhi aura jAlaura Adi ullekhanIya haiM / jAlaura meM A0 hemacandrasUri ke Adeza se kumAra pAla ne kumAra vihAra nAmaka pArzvanAtha kA mandira banavAyA thA jinakA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai: -- "uri sarasati Asigu bhaNai, navau rAsu jIvadayA sAru / kannu dharivi nisuNehu jaNa, duttaru jema tarahu saMsAru / " 2 kavi kahatA hai ki dukhI prANiyoM kI jIvadayA bhAva se dAnAdi dvArA sahAyatA karanI cAhiye, yathA- 'kavi Asigu kaliataru soi, eka samANa na dIsai koi / ke naripAlA paribhamahi, ke gaya turi caMDati sukhAsaNi / kei nara kaMThA bahahi, ke nara vaisahiM rUpa siMhAsaNi / 1. hi0 sA0 kA vR0 i0 tRtIya bhAga pR0 297 2. mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 1 pR0 695 96 aura zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - rAjasthAnI sA0 kA AdikAla paramparA pR0 159

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122 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jIvadayA rAsa kI prati bIkAnera ke kharataragacchIya vRddhajJAna bhaMDAra se prApta huI haiN| yaha saM0 1425 kI likhita prati hai, isa prati kI khoja meM 35 padyoM kI eka anya racanA 'candanabAlA rAsa' jaisalamera se saM0 1437 kI likhI eka svAdhyAya pustikA meM prApta huii| isameM satI. candana bAlA aura usake dvArA diyA gayA bhagavAn mahAvIra ko AhAradAna kA prasaMga varNita hai| isakI racanA jAlaura meM huii| candanabAlArAsa rAjasthAna bhAratI bhAga 3 aMka 4 meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| rAjasthAna marugurjara bhASA kA saMbhavataH yaha prathama zrAvaka kavi hai / jIvadayArAsa kI racanA. tithi ke sambandha meM nimnapaMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM :-- 'saMvatu bArahasaya sattAvannai vikrama kAli gayai paDipunai / Asothaha siya sattimihi hatthohatthiM jiNa nippaayu| saMti sUri payabhatta cariyaM racaU rAsu bhaviyahaM mnnmohnnu|" bhASA ke namUne kI dRSTi se eka padya aura uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : "ke nara sAli dAli bhujaMtA, dhiya ghalahalu majjhe vilahaMtA / ke nara bhUkhA dUkhiyaI dIsahi para ghara kammu krtaa| jIvatA vi muyA gaNiya, acchahiM bAhiri bhUmi rulaMtA / isakI bhASA gulerI jI dvArA nirdiSTa purAnI hindI yA marugurjara hai / zAntinAtha rAta kI racanA saM0 1258 meM huii| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA jI ko isameM sandeha hai ki yaha Asigu kI racanA hai athavA kisI anya kI hai ataH isa para alaga se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isake lie jinezvara sari sambandhI vivaraNa draSTavya hai| zrAvaka jagaDU--( 13-14 vIM) Apa kharataragacchIya AcArya zrI jinezvara sUri ke zrAvaka ziSya the / inakI eka racanA 'samyakatvamAicaupai' prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha bhAga 1 meM prakAzita hai| yadi ye jinezvara sUri dvitIya ke ziSya hoM to unake svargavAsa kA samaya vi0 saM0 1331 hone ke kAraNa jagaDa 14vIM zatAbdI ke kavi siddha hote haiN| prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha meM bhI isa caupai kA racanAkAla saM0 1331 diyA gayA hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 8 para ise saM0 1331 ke bAda kI racanA batAyA hai, kintu jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 402 para tithi meM sudhAra karake saM0 1278 ke bAda aura 1331 se pUrva kI racanA ghoSita kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki yaha racanA jinezvara sUri ke jIvanakAla

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123' maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya meM hI saMbhavataH likhI gaI thii| yadi yaha anumAna sahI ho to jagaDU 13vIM zatAbdI ke kavi Thaharate haiN| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne inheM 13vIM zatAbdI kA hI kavi kahA hai| unhoMne isake sambandha meM yaha sUcanA bhI dI hai ki yaha .. 64 padyoM kI racanA hai aura prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai / yaha caupaI chaMda meM hai|1 ca upai kI 64vIM caupAI nimnalikhita hai : "mAI taNau avasaru dhuri kiya u, causaThi caupaiyA bNdhukiyu| suddhai maNi je nara nisuNaMti, aNaMta sukkhu siddhihi pAvaMti / ca upai meM kavi meM racanAkAla nahIM diyA hai| isameM sthUlibhadra' dazArNabhadra, jambUsvAmI, abhayamuni aura jinavallabha Adi AcAryoM ko sAdara smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| lekhaka jagaDU kA nAma 62vIM caupai meM AyA hai yathA "hAsAmisi ca upai vaMdhu kiya u, mAI taNau chehu mainiyau / UNa u Agalau kiMpibhaNeu, 'jagaDu' bhaNai saMdhu sayalu khmeuu|" cau0 63vIM meM guru jinezvara sUri kI vandanA isa prakAra kI gaI hai : 'zrI naMda u samudA dhari rahai, naMdau vihi maMdiru kavi kahai / naMdau jiNesara sUri muNiMdu, jA ravi Ugau Ugau caMdu // " naMdau zabda dhyAna dene yogya hai| kisI kI mRtyu ke bAda usake nandita hone kI kAmanA karane kA koI tuka nahIM hai ataH merI samajha meM yaha caupai saM0 1331 se pUrva likhI gaI hai| ataH ise 13vIM zatAbdI ke aMtima caraNa kI racanA mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakI prathama caupai uddhRta karake punarvicArArtha inakI bhASA kA namUnA sahRdayoM ke samakSa prastuta kara rahA hU~ -- "bhale bhaNauM mAI dhuri joI, dhammaha mUlu ju samakita hoi| samakata biNa jo kriyA karei tAtailohi nIrU dhAlei // " isake kAvyarasa kI bAnagI ke lie eka aura padya prastuta hai jisameM kavi kahatA hai "galai Au jima aMjali nIrU, sIla jo pAlai so nara dhIrU / kapila nAri pelai vinnANi, sIlu sudarasaNa taNau~ bakhANi // 25 // " arthAt aMjali kA pAnI jisa prakAra dhIre-dhIre risa jAtA hai vaise hI Ayu nirantara kSINa hotI jAtI hai / isalie manuSya ko zIla sadAcAra kA pAlana karanA caahie| 1 zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, paramparA pR0 166 2. samyakatva mAi ca upaha prA0 gu0 kA0 saMgraha pR0 78

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ma gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jinezvara sUri (dvitIya) Apa jinapati ke paTTadhara the| jinapatisUri kher3anagara meM zAnti jinAlaya kI pratiSThA saM0 1258 meM kI thI / isI samaya zAntisUri ke ziSya 'Asigu' ne zAntinAtharAsa kI racanA kI kiMtu zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA kA kathana hai ki zAntinAtharAsa vi0 saM 1258 ke AsapAsa kI racanA hai aura isakA racayitA koI kharataragacchIya vidvAn hI hogA / jaisalamera meM isakI jo prati milI hai vaha apUrNa hai / ataH lekhaka kA nAma nahIM mAlUma par3atA / zAntinAtharAsa zAntisUri ke ziSya Asigu yA jinapati sUri ke ziSya jinezvara sUri athavA kisI anya kI racanA hai, adyAvadhi nirNIta nahIM ho sakA hai| jinezvara sUri bhI uttama lekhaka the / unakI likhI cAra racanAoM kA ullekha zrI nAhaTA jI ne kiyA hai(1) mahAvIra janmAbhiSeka, (2) zrI bAsupUjya bolikA, (3) carcarI aura ( 4 ) zAntinAtha bolI / " ho sakatA hai ki zAntinAtha bolI ke sAtha Apane hI zAntinAtharAsa kI bhI racanA kI ho| isa rAsa kA eka padya diyA jA rahA hai -- "kher3a nayari jo saMti uddharaNi karAvyuM, vihi samudaya sasubhatti / jiNAvas mUri DhAvicaM / " kher3a nagara jodhapura (rAjasthAna) meM hai / ataH yaha racanA rAjasthAna meM hI likhI gaI hogI aura isa sambhAvanA ko bhI sahasA asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha jinapati sUri ke ziSya jinezvara sUri kI ho / Apa kI nizcita racanA mahAvIra janmAbhiSeka 14 padyoM kI sundara kRti hai / isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmAbhiSeka kA manorama varNana hai / tilottamA Adi apsarAoM ke nRtyagAna sambandhI padya Age uddhRta kie jA rahe haiM 124 -------- "vara ramma tiluttama accharAu naccati bhatti bhara nibbharAu gAyaMti vAra hArUMjjAlAI, tuha cariyaI jiNavara nimmalAI / " vajjaMti Dhakka TaMbakka bukka, kaMsAla tAla tilimAha Dhukku uppati ita sukhara vimANa, naha maMDali dIsahiM pavara jANa inakI anya racanA vAsupUjya bolikA ko zrI nAhaTA jI ne jinezvara sUri ziSyakRta batAyA haiM / Apake pitA zrI nemicandra bhaMDArI bhI vidvAn zrAvaka the jinakI carcA Age kI jAyegI / ye maroTha (marukoTa) nivAsI the / inakI dIkSA kher3a nagara meM hI huI thI / dIkSA nAma vIraprabha thA / AcArya pada para Apa kI pratiSThA saM0 1277 meM jAlaura meM huI thI / Apane saMyama 1 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - jaina ma0 gu0 ka0 pR0 13

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125 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya pUrvaka dharma kI sAdhanA karate hue anazana pUrvaka saM0 1331 meM zarIra tyAga kiyA thaa| jayamaMgala sUri-ye hemacandra ke gurubhrAtA rAmacaMdra sUri ke ziSya the| Apa ne 13vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM mahAvIra janmAbhiSeka nAmaka racanA kii| jayadeva gaNi-Apa zrI zivadeva sUri ke ziSya the| Apane 13 vIM zatAbdI meM hI bhAvanA saMdhi' nAmaka eka kAvya likhA hai| saMdhi nAmaka racanAoM kA paricaya zrI nAhaTA jI ne 'apabhraMza bhASA ke saMdhi kAvya kI paramparA' nAmaka lekha meM diyA hai / yaha lekha rAjasthAnI nibandha mAlA meM prakAzita hai| delhar3a (delhapa)-Apa eka zrAvaka kavi ho gaye haiN| inhoMne zrI devendra sUri kI AjJA se saM0 1300 ke AsapAsa 'gayasukamAlarAsa' nAmaka 34 padyoM kA laghurAsa likhaa| isameM gajasukumAra muni kA caritra varNita hai| kavi ne graMthArambha meM zrata devI ko praNAma kiyA hai, taduparAnta dvArAvatI nagarI kA varNana kiyA hai| vahA~ narendra kRSNa kA rAjya thA jinhoMne kaMsa kA saMhAra kiyA thaa| kRSNa kI mAtA devakI ko mandira meM yugala muniyoM ko dekhakara vaise hI putra prApti kI kAmanA huii| unake tapa se prasanna ho hariNagaveSI nAmaka deva ne yaha batAyA ki unheM putra to hogA kintu vaha yuvA hote hI dIkSita ho jAvegA / unheM antataH putra huA jisakA nAma gayasukumAla rakhA gyaa| vaha bacapana se hI virakta thA aura tapa-saMyama dvArA usane zivasthAna prApta kiyaa| isakI prati jaisalamera ke zAstrabhaNDAra se prApta huI aura zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA ne ise rAjasthAna bhAratI bhAga 3 aMka 2 meM prakAzita karA diyA hai| dharma-Apa mahendra sUri ke ziSya the| inakI tIna racanAoM kA patA calA hai, (1) jambUsvAmIcarita (saM0 1266) 41 padyoM kI choTI racanA hai| isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke praziSya jaMbUsvAmI kA caritra varNita hai| yaha racanA prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| jaMbUsvAmI aMtima kevalI kahe jAte haiN| unakI jIvana gAthA bar3I mArmika hai / unhoMne vivAha kI prathama rAtri meM hI apanI ATha striyoM ko pratibodhita kiyA thA, sAtha hI prabhava nAmaka cora bhI apane 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha pratibuddha huaa| jaMbUsvAmI ke guNoM kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai 1. hindI sA0 kA vR0 itihAsa khaMDa 3 pR0 298

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126 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa "jaMbU sAmihiM guNagaNaha saMkhevi bkhaannu|" usa samaya rAjagRhI meM zreNika rAjA thaa| usakA putra abhayakumAra bar3A buddhimAna thaa| zrI varddhamAna ke nagara meM padhArane para rAjA ne unakA sAdara svAgata kiyA aura unase AdhyAtmika pRcchA karake jaMbUsvAmI ke vibhinna bhavoM kA pAvana caritra zravaNa kiyA aura dharmalAbha prApta kiyaa| rAsa kA Adi dekhiye "jiNa cauvIsaha paya namevi, guru calaNa namevI / jaMbU sAmihi taNau cariu, bhavi yahu nisunnevii| kari sAnidhu sarasatti devi, jima rayauM kahANauM / jaMbU sAmihi guNagaNaha saMkhevi bakhANauM // 1 // rAsa kA antima padya Age uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai jisameM guru kA smaraNa hai mahiMda sUri gurusIsa, dhamma bhaNai ho dhAmIUha / citau rAti divasi, je siddhihi UmAhIyAha / bAraha barasa saehiM kavitu nIpalU~ chAsaThae (saM0 1266) solaha vijjAevi, duriya paNAsau sayala saMgha / " ise gUrjara kI prAcIna kRti kahA jAtA hai kintu isakI bhASA kA milAna karane para ise jitanI gujarAtI kI utanI hI rAjasthAnI yA hindI kI bhI racanA kahA jA sakatA hai / pramANasvarUpa nimna paMktiyA~ dekhiye - rAja karai seNiya nariMda naravarahaM ju saaro| tAsu taNai (ati) buddhivaMta mati abhykumaaro|"2| rAsa meM Apane apane guru kA nAma mahiMda sUri batAyA hai / mahendra sU ri nAma ke do jainAcArya prasiddha haiM, prathama aMcalagacchIya dharmaghoSa sUri ke ziSya aura siMhaprabha sUri ke guru the, jinakA janma saM0 1228, dIkSA 1237, AcAryapada saM0 1263 aura svargavAsa saM0 1309 meM huA thaa| inhoMne saM0 1294 meM zatapadikA nAmaka graMtha likhA thA / dUsare mahendra sUri hemA. cArya ke ziSya the / saM0 1241 meM inhoMne somaprabha kRta kumArapAla pratibodha kA zravaNa kiyA thaa| inhoMne hemacandra kRta anekArthasaMgraha para TIkA likhI thii| zrI mo0 da0 desAI kA anumAna hai ki zAyada yahI dUsare mahendra sUri dharma ke guru the| unhoMne eka tIsare mahendra sUri kA bhI ullekha 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 3 bhAga 3 pR0 397 __vahI bhAga 3 pR0 397

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 127 kiyA hai jo vAdideva sUri ke ziSya the, jinake ziSya pradyumnasUri ne vAdasthala para grantha likhA thaa| do anya racanAyeM 'sthUlibhadra rAsa' aura 'subhadrAsatI catuSpadikA' ke racanAkAra kA pUrNatayA nirNaya nahIM ho pAyA hai| ina racanAoM meM lekhaka kA nAma isa prakAra AyA hai "jiNa dhammu kahaI" yA "jiNavara dhammu karahu e kavite" / isa pATha ke AdhAra para zrI nAhaTA jI dharma ko hI inakA lekhaka mAnate haiM, lekina zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne kartA ke sAmane praznavAcaka cihna lagAkara ina racanAoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai| sthUlibhadra rAsa 47 padyoM kI racanA hai / yaha hindI anuzIlana varSa 7 aMka 3 para prakAzita bhI hai| isameM pATaliputra ke rAjA nanda ke mantrI zakaDAla ke putra sthUlabhadra kA jIvana vRttAnta varNita hai| ve kozA vezyA ke yahA~ bAraha varSa paryanta rahe, kintu bAda meM jaina sAdhu ho gaye / muni avasthA meM guru kA Adeza pAne para ve phira kozA ke ghara caumAsA karane gaye aura apane kaThora saMyama evaM zreSTha zIla kA paricaya diyA / rAsa kA Adi isa prakAra hai :"paNamavi sAsaNa anai vAesari. thUlibhaddaguNa gahaNu suNibaraha ju kesri|" antima paMkti dekhie : "bahata kAla saMjamu pAlehi; caudaha pUraba hiyau dhaarehi| - thUlibhadda jiNa dhammu karei, devaloka pahuta u jAevi / ' dUsarI racanA 'subhadrAsatI catuSpadikA' 42 padyoM kI hai / yaha hindI anuzIlana varSa 9 aMka 1 se 4 meM prakAzita hai| isameM subhadrAsatI. jo jaina dharma kI prasiddha solaha satiyoM meM zreSTha thI, kA caritra caupai chanda meM diyA gayA hai / prArambha kI paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM : "jo phalu hoi gayA giranAre, je phalu dInhai sonA bhAre / jaM phala lakhi navakArihi guNihi, taM phalu subhadrA caritahiM suNihiM / ' antima paMktiyA~ : 'par3hahiM guNa hiM je jiNahari dehi, te nicchai saMsAru tarehi / subhadrA satI caritu sAmalahi, siddhi sukkhu lIlaite lahahi / 42 / 1 'mayaNareha' rAsa subhadrAsatI catuSpadikA ke sAtha hI mayaNarehA satI se sambandhita yaha rAsa bhI prApta huA thaa| yaha 36 padyoM kI racanA hai 1 mo0 da0 desAI ja0 gu0 ka0 bha'" 3 pR0 397 2 vahI

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128 mara-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jisakI prati khaNDita hone ke kAraNa isake pA~ca padya nahIM prApta ho sake haiM / donoM racanAyeM eka hI prati meM likhI milI thiiN| mayaNa rehA kA caritra bar3A kAruNika hai| usake pati jugabAha ko usake nazaMsa bhAI maNiratha ne mArakara mayaNarehA kA satItva naSTa karanA cAhA, para nAnA kaSTa jhelakara vaha apane satItva kI rakSA karatI rahI / AdikAlIna rAsa nAmadhArI ye sabhI racanAyeM AkAra meM choTI haiM aura gAne-khelane kI dRSTi se hI likhI gaI haiN| inakI bhASA meM pravAha laya aura geyatA hai / nemicandra bhaNDArI-Apa isa zatAbdI ke vidvAn zrAvaka the aura kharataragaccha ke prasiddha AcArya jinezvara sUri ke pitA the| Apane prAkRta bhASA meM 160 gAthA kI 'SaSTizataka' nAmaka racanA kii| apabhraMza prabhAvita marugurjara meM Apane 'guru guNa varNana' nAmaka 35 padyoM kI sundara racanA kI haiM / yaha aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai|1 zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne isakA nAma 'jinavallabha sUri guru guNa varNana' aura isakA racanA kAla vi0 saM0 1245 batAyA hai| isameM A0 jinavallabha kA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai| isake 34 veM chanda meM racanAkAra kA nAma isa prakAra AyA hai :"salluddhAra karesu hau pAli sudaDar3ha sammatto, nemicanda ima vinavaie suhaguru guNagaNa ratto " racanA ke Adi kI paMktiyA~ nimnAMkita haiM : anta "paNamavi sAmi vIra jiNu, gaNahara goyama sAmi, sudharama sAmiya tulani saraNu jugapradhAna sivagAmi / 1 / " "naMdau vihi jiNa mandirahi, naMdau vihi smudaao| naMdau jiNapatti sUri guru, vihi jiNa dhamma pasAo / 35 / isakI bhASA sarala hai| yadi isameM prayukta prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke zabdoM ko najara andAja kara deM to bhASA marugurjara ke samIpa hai / ye prAkRta aura 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'rAjasthAnI sA0 kA AdikAla ' paramparA pR0 160 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga0 3 khaNDa 1 pR0 396 aura jai gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1474

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bharu.gurjara jaina sAhitya 129 bhapabhraMza ke zabda sAyAsa prayukta kie gaye haiM / jana pracalita zabda 'gautama' ke sthAna para goyama kA prayoga jAnabUjhakara vyaJjana lopa karake gar3hA huA rUpa hai, isI prakAra mauke-be-mauke 'Na' kI bhASA meM bharamAra karake kRtrima rUpa dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| yadi inheM svAbhAvika rUpa meM rakhA jAya to. bhASA sAmAnya pAThakoM ko bhI sahaja hI lgegii| pRthvocandra--rudrapallIya gaccha ke zrI abhayasUri ke Apa. ziSya the|' Apane 'mAtRkA prathamAkSara dohA' nAmaka 58 dohoM kI eka racanA. 'rasaH vilAsa' nAma se kI hai / abhadevasUri ne saM0 1258 meM 'jayaMta vijaya' kI racanA kI thii| ataH rasa vilAsa kA samaya isake thor3A hI bAda hogaa| isake prathama do dohe isa prakAra hai :-- "appaI appayau bUjhikari, jo parappai lINu / sujjideva amha harasaNu bhavasAyara pArINu / 1 // " mAI akkhara dhuri dharivi, vara dUhaya chaMdeNa, rasa vilAsa Arabhiyau, sukavi puhavicaMdeNa / / isake antima do dohe bhI bhASA ke udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta kie jA rahe haiM "rudrapalli gacchaha tilaya abhaya sUri sIseNa, rasavilAsa nippAiyau pAiya kadharaseNa / 57 / puhavicaMda kavi nimmaviya par3hi dUhA caupanna, tasu aNusArihiM vavaharahiM pasarai kittikhanna / 58 / / isakI bhASA marugurjara hai aura dohe akArAdi krama se rakhe gaye haiN| isameM lekhaka kA nAma aura usakI guru paramparA kI nizcita sUcanA dI gaI hai| isakA nAma kavi ne 'rasa vilAsa' kahA hai ataH kavi 'rasa' ke prati avazya sajaga hai aura racanA meM zAntarasa kA uttama nirvAha huA hai| pAlhaNa-saM0 1288 yA usake AsapAsa kI likhI 'AbUrAsa' nAmaka marugurjara kI eka racanA 'jIvadayArAsa' vAlI prati meM hI prApta hii| isameM mantrI vastupAla tejapAla dvArA saMgha nikAla kara AbUtIrtha kI yAtrA aura mandira banavAne kA varNana hai| isake racayitA kA nAma zrI 1. zrI a0 ca * nAhaTA 'paramparA' pR0 166 aura zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1477

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130 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne rAma ? likhA hai kintu zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA kA vizvAsa hai ki rAma ke Agraha para isakI racanA pAlhaNa ne hI kI hai kyoMki yaha paMkti 'rAmabayaNa pAlhaNa puja kIjai' spaSTa yahI artha detI hai| AbUrAsa kA apara nAma nemInAtha rAso hai / isake 49 veM padya ke anta meM pAlhaNa nAma AyA hai / 50veM padya meM isakA racanA kAla diyA gayA hai, vaha padya Age diyA jA rahA hai :"kevicaDAvali nemi namIjai, rAmu vayaNa pAlhaNa puja kiiji| vAra saMvacchari navamAsio (1289) vasaMta mAsu raMbhAulu dIhe / eha rAhu vistArihiM jAo, rAkhai sayala saMgha aNbaai| rAkhai ja khujuA chai veDai, rAkhaI brahma saMta mUDheraI / 50 / " uparokta prati meM hI pAlhaNa kRta 'neminAtha bArahamAsA' nAmaka 16 padyoM kI eka laghu racanA bhI prApta huI hai jisake prathama aura 15 veM padya meM kavi kA nAma AyA hai| prathama chaMda kI prathama paMkti dekhiye : kAsamIra mukhamaMDaNa devI, vAesari pAlhaNu paNamevI / 15 vAM padya isa prakAra hai : ''jaNu parimalu pAlhaNu bhaNae, tasu paya aNudiNa bhaktikarehu / maNa vaMchiya phalu pAvajie, dhuya sama sarisu vayaNu phuDuehU / 15 / iNi pari bhaNiyA bArahamAsA par3hata suNaMtaha pUja u AsA / " isase lagatA hai ki donoM racanAyeM pAlhaNa kavi kI hI haiN| inameM se AbUrAsa kA prakAzana rAjasthAna risarca sosAiTI kalakattA ke mukhapatra 'rAjasthAnI' ke bhAga 3 aMka 1 meM huA hai| bArahamAse meM racanAkAla nahIM hai kintu yaha bhI saM0 1289 ke AsapAsa kI hI racanA hogii| isake pratyeka mAsa meM nemi rAjula kI viraha kathA vipralambha rUpa meM manohara DhaMga se varNita hai| zrAvaNa mAsa kA manohara varNana nimna dohoM meM draSTavya hai : "sAvaNi saghaNa ghuDukkai meho, pAvasi pattau nemi vichoho / dadura mora lavahiM asaMgAha, daha diha bIju khiDai ca uvAha / koila mahura vayaNu cavae khai, vivIha u dhAha kareI / sAvaNu nemi jiNiMda viNU, bhaNai kumari kima gamaNau jaai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAhe-jai0 gu0 ke 0 bhAga 3 pR0 398 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'paramparA' pR0 166

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 131 ( nemirAsa ) AbUrAsa aura neminAtha bArahamAse kI bhASA meM paryApta samAnatA dikhAI detI hai / 'AbUrAsa' ke prathama padya kI bhASA kA bArahamAse kI bhASA se milAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / prathama padya nimnalikhita hai: "paNa viNu sAmiNi vAasari, abhinavu kavi raMca paramesari / nandI varadhanu jAsu nivAso, pabhaNau nemi jiNaMdaha rAso / " kavi ne isakA nAma 'nemirAso' bhI kahA hai / jai0 gu0 ka0 meM rAma ke nAma para varNita 'AbUrAsa pAlhaNa kRta nemirAsa hI hai / donoM nAma eka hI racanA ke lie haiM aura racanAkAra pAlhaNa kavi hI haiM / nemi bArahamAsA 13vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa kA mahatvapUrNa bArahamAsA hai / isase adhika prAcIna bArahamAse prAyaH apabhraMza meM likhe gaye haiM jaise jinadharmasUri kRta 'bAraha nAvau' 13vIM zatAbdI kI racanA apabhraMza meM hai ataH pAlhaNa kRta bArahamAse kA marugurjara ke bArahamAsoM meM aitihAsika mahattva hai / puNya sAgara - aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM eka racanA 'zrI jinacandra sUri aSTakam' saMkalita hai / isa aSTaka meM 9 dvipadiyA~ haiM jisake anta meM lekhaka kA nAma AyA hai "iya zrI jinacandra sUri guru saMthiNiu guNipunna / zrI punya sAgara vInavai sahaguru hou supranna / -- isase lagatA hai ki kavi puNyasAgara zrI jinacandrasUri ke ziSya rahe hoMge / isa aSTaka meM unakA janma saM0 1197 aura pada pratiSThA saM0 1205 batAI gaI hai / yaha racanA saM0 1205 yA usake bAda kI hogI arthAt 13 vIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka kI ho sakatI hai / isameM lekhaka ne racanAkAla kA ullekha svayam nahIM kiyA hai / bhASA bhI apabhraMza mizrita hai usalie 13vIM ke prArambha kI hI yaha kRti hogI / yaha aSTaka AcArya ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa sUcanAyeM detA hai ataH isakA aitihAsika mahattva nirvivAda hai, aisI racanAoM meM sAhityika sarasatA saMbhava nahIM hotI kintu isI AdhAra para unheM sAhitya ke itihAsa granthoM se khArija nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isakA Adi padya nimnalikhita hai : :- zrI jinadatta surinda paya zrI jinacandra muNindra, nara maNi maMDita bhAsa yasa kusala kumuda vaNacanda / 1 /

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132 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhattau yA bhattu- ApakI racanA 'zrI majjinapati sUrINAM gItama'' 20 dvipadikAoM kA eka gIta hai / isameM jinapati sUri kA guNAnuvAda hai| sUri jI kA svargavAsa saM0 1977 meM huA thA ataH yaha racanA bhI usI ke AsapAsa kI hogii| yaha gIta aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| isake Adi anta ke padya die jA rahe haiM : "tihuaNa tAraNa siva suha kAraNa vaMchiya pUraNa kalpataro, vidhana viNAsaNa pAva paNAsana, durita timira nara sahasa kro|" "lINau kamalehi bhamara jima bhattau, pAya kamala paNamiya kahai, samaraie je nara nAri nirantara tihAMghare righi navanihi lahaie / 20 // isameM gItAtmaka layA, anuprAsa aura bhASA kA vaha sahaja pravAha dikhAI par3atA hai jo 13vIM zatAbdI kI adhikAMza sAhityika racanAoM meM sulabha nahIM hai / sUri jI ke janma kA ullekha karatA huA kavi kahatA hai "vikrama saMvatsare vAra dahottare caitra bahula AThami pavare / salahIya jaya narapati iNi nAmihiM kami krami vAdhaie tAtaghare / 10 / " geyatA aura kAvyatva kI dRSTi se yaha gIta 13vIM zatAbdI kI uttama racanAoM meM sthAna pAne kA adhikArI hai| saMbhavataH zodha ke pazcAt isa kavi kI anya mahattvapUrNa racanAoM kA bhI saMdhAna ho sake aura vizeSa vivaraNa upalabdha ho ske| ___ yazaH kIrti ( prathama )-zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina ne hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa meM inheM 13vIM zatAbdI kA kavi kahA hai aura inheM pANDava purANa ke kartA 15vIM zatAbdI ke yazaHkIti se bhinna batAyA hai| inakI racanA kA nAma 'jagatsundarI prayogamAlA' batAyA hai| 13vIM zatAbdI kA kavi mAnane ke pakSa meM koI nizcita pramANa na prApta ho sakane ke kAraNa yahA~ unakA nAmollekha hI karanA saMbhava ho sakatA hai| adhika vivaraNa ke lie ukta itihAsa dekhA jA sakatA hai| ApakI bhASA kA eka namUnA prastuta hai :___NamiUNa pAma bhatti sajjaNe vimala sundara sahAve / je NigguNevi kavve iNitti dosANa jayanti / " rAma? jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai zrI desAI ne rAma ko 13vIM 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha 2. zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina. hi0 ja0 sA0 kA saM0 i0 pR0 30

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 133 zatI kA kavi batAyA hai kintu ve svayam nizcita nahIM haiM kyoMki unhoMne rAma ke Age praznavAcaka cihna lagA diyA hai / ataH inake nAma se varNita AbUrAsa yA nemirAsa kA varNana pAlhaNa ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai ataH racanA kA vivaraNa vahIM dekhA jA sakatA hai / ratnaprama yA ratnasiMha sUri-Apa dharmasUri yA dharmaprabhAcArya ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1227 meM 'ataraMga sandhi' nAmaka sandhi kAvya kI racanA kI / yaha racanA kumArapAla ke samaya pATaNa sthita kumAra vihAra meM likhI gii| isa meM bhavya aura abhavya ke saMvAda dvArA moha senA aura jina senA ke yuddha kA rUpaka bA~dhA gayA hai| isa yuddha meM jina senA dvArA antaraMga ripuoM para vijaya prApti kI gaI hai| isakI bhASA marugurjara kI apekSA apabhraMza ke karIba hai| isameM kula 37 kulaka dharmasUri kI stuti meM likhe gaye haiN| isakI kucha paMktiyA~ bhASA kA udAharaNa dene kI dRSTi se yahA~ uddhRta kara rahA hU~ : "siri silasUri guru gaNaharaha payapaMkaya paNamevi, dhamma sUri sUrihiM raliyahau desaNa guNa bannevi / " isameM racanA kAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : "bArasa sattattI ( vI ) se, sudA sekkArasIha bhddv| caMda diNe sAmitumaM 'suramaMdi bhavaNaM jAu / 34 / " isase racanA kAla 1237 pratIta hotA hai kintu kumArapAla saM0 1232 meM svargavAsI ho gaye, ataH yaha racanA saM 1227 kI ho sakatI hai| bhASA dekhane se yaha apabhraMza kI racanA hI pratIta hotI hai| ataH vistRta vivaraNa denA Avazyaka nahIM hai| isakA mahattva sandhi kAvya ke kSetra meM aitihAsika dRSTi se hI adhika hai| sandhiyoM kI jo paramparA marugUrjara meM calI usake sUtrapAtra kA ise zreya hai / marugurjara kI sandhiyoM meM kezIgautamasandhi, jayazekharasUri kRtazIla sandhi Adi kA yathAsthAna vivaraNa diyA jaayegaa| zAha rayaNa--Apa kharatara gacchIya AcArya zrI jinapati sUri ke zrAvaka ziSya the| saM0 1278 meM 'jinapati sUridhavala gItam' likhA jo gurubhakti para AdhArita uttama racanA hai| dhavala gItoM kI paramparA sambhavataH yahIM se 1. mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ku0 bhAga 1 pR0 74 ( apabhraMza )

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134 maru-gurjara jana sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prArambha hotI hai| isa prakAra ke kAvya rUpa para zrI nAhaTA jI kA 'dhavala saMjJaka-jaina racanAyeM' nAmaka lekha jo bihAra thiyeTara patrikA meM prakAzita hai dekhA jA sakatA hai| prastuta dhavala gIta 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha' meM krama saMkhyA cAra para prakAzita hai| dhavala gIta eka prakAra kA mAMgalika gIta hotA hai| isameM bIsa padya haiM / isake prArambhika cAra padya to 'bhattau' ke jinapati gIta' ke prArambhika cAra padyoM se kAphI milate haiN| bhattau aura zAha rayaNa ke gItoM meM viSaya varNana, chanda, bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se paryApta samAnatA milatI hai| isakI bhASA sarala aura apabhraMza ke anAvazyaka prabhAva se prAyaH mukta hai / isake do prArambhika padya dekhiye :-- "vIra jiNesara namai suresara tasa maha paNamiya paya kamale yugapati jinapati sUri guNa gAiso bhakti bhara harasihi mana ramale / 1 / bhattau kA prathama chanda bhI akSarazaH yahI hai / dUsarA chanda dekhietihuaNa tAraNa siva sukha kAraNa, vaMchiya pUraNa klptro| vighana viNAsaNa pAva paNAsaNa durita timira bhara sahasa kro|2|" yaha bhI bhattau ke dUsare chanda se pUrNatayA milatA hai / isameM suha ke sthAna para sukha aura durita, timira, kalpataru Adi tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga apabhraMza se marugurjara kI ora vikAsa kA spaSTa sUcaka hai| janma se sambandhita dohA bhattau ke gIta se diyA gayA thA, unake svargavAsa se sambandhita dohe ko zAha rayaNa ke gIta se uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : "annaM diNaMtare bArasatta hottare mAsa AsAr3hi jiNa annsriio| manna suha jhANahi siya dasamI diva sahiM pahutau sUri amraapuriio| isakA antima chanda dekhiye :"ehu zrI jiNapati sUri guru jaga pavaru sAha rayaNa ima saMthuNai e| samarai jo nara nAri nirantara tahA~ ghara navanidhi saMpajai e / 20 / "] isameM janma, AcArya pada, sUri pada pratiSThA Adi kI tithiyA~ kramavAra dI gaI haiM, ataH isakA sAhitya ke atirikta itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI bar3A mahattva hai| AcArya kA svargavAsa saM0 1277 meM huA thA, ataH yaha racanA bhI saM0 1277 ke AsapAsa kI hI hogii| isase patA calatA 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha "jinapati sUri dhavala gItam

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maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya hai ki AcArya kI pada pratiSThA jinacandra sUri ke paTTa para jayadeva sUri dvArA huI thii| inakA janma saM0 1210 meM caitra kI aSTamI tithi ko huA thA / Apake jIvana para AdhArita 13 vIM zatAbdI meM likhI marugurjara bhASA kI yaha mahatvapUrNa racanA hai / Azcarya hai ki usI samaya saM0 1277 ke AsapAsa kI likhita ekadama milatI-julatI racanA 20 chandoM kI hI 'bhattau' kRta 'gIta' bhI AcArya jinapati para AdhArita hai / zrAvaka lakhaNa (lakSmaNa) - zrAvaka lakhaNa ( lakSmaNa ) zrAvaka lakhamasI, paMDita lAkhU aura lakkhaNa tathA lAkhamadeva (lakSmaNa) nAmaka pA~ca kaviyoM kA ullekha itihAsa graMthoM meM milatA hai / inameM se zrAvaka lakhaNa (lakSmaNa) aura paM0 lAkhU nizcaya hI terahavIM zatAbdI ke lekhaka haiM / zrAvaka lakhamasI aura lAkhamadeva 13vIM ke antima yA 14vIM zatI ke prArambha ke kavi lagate haiM / isalie yahA~ kevala ukta do (zrAvaka lavaNa aura paM0 lAkhU) kA hI vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai / zeSa ko yathAsthAna prastuta kiyA jAyegA / 1 1 zrAvaka lakhaNa kI upalabdha racanA jinacandra sUri 'kAvyASTam ' kula ATha gAthA kI hai / maNidhArI jinacandra sUri kA samaya saM0 1211 se saM0 1223 taka hai ataH yaha racanA nizcaya hI 13vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa kI hai / isake Adi aura anta ke chanda udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM - "abhaya sUri siri sIsu saguNa, jiNavallahu diu / tasu paTTaha jiNadatta sUri, avaTThami baiTThau / divvaM nANa pahANa valiNa, ja kiyau acaMbhau / vAlattaNi lia maggi saguri, rAsala agubbhamu / guru pAratatu agamahi bhatu, jiNayattasUri phuDuucca rivi duppasahu jAva vaThiyaisuhu. tujha ghammukami kami karivI / 1 / " "ajju diyahu sakayatthu ajju nara vannu suhAvau / ajju vAru ramaNIu, ajju saMvaccharu Avau / ajju jou jayavaMta, ajju mahu karaNu piyaMkaru / ajju mittu suha mahattu ajju gaha- rAsi suhaMkaru / sakayatthu ajju loyaNa juyalu hiai ajju var3hiyaisuhu. gau pAu ajja duraMtariNa, diTThai guru jiNacaMdapahu |8| isake dUsare evaM tIsare padya meM 'lakhaNu bhaNai' pATha milatA hai / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - jaina gu0 kavi aura u0 racanAyeM pR0 6. 2 . vahI anta 135 ,

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136 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa paMDita lAkhU-Apa ne vi0 saM0 1275 meM 'jiNadatta cariu' nAmaka kAvya 11 saMdhiyoM meM viracita kiyaa| Apa zrIdhara nAmaka zrImaMta ke Azrita paMDita the| Apa ke pitA kA nAma sAhula aura mAtA kA nAma jayatA thaa| saMbhavataH kavi uttara pradeza ke eTA jile ke bilarAmapura kA nivAsI thaa| isakI kRti 'jiNadatta cariu' aprakAzita hai| isameM basaMtapura ke zreSThI jIvadeva ke putra jiNadatta kI kathA kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / isI kathA para Age calakara 'ralha' Adi marugurjara ke kaI kaviyoM ne apanI racanAyeM kI haiN| isameM siMghaladvIpa kI yAtrA, kaI sundariyoM se vivAha Adi kI kathAnaka rUr3hiyA~ adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM / yaha dharma ke AvaraNa meM eka sundara premakathA hai| isameM jiNadatta vimalamatI nAmaka sundarI ke manorama rUpa ko citra meM dekhakara mugdha ho jAtA haiM aura usase vivAha kara letA hai| jAyasI ke padmAvata nAmaka premAkhyAna kI kaI bAteM isase milatI-julatI haiN| isakI bhASA bar3I alaMkRta haiN| kathAnaka meM aneka alaukika ghaTanAeM haiN| jaise siMghala dvIpa kI rAjakumArI zrImatI kI zAdI jiNadatta se hotI hai| usake peTa meM eka viSadhara nAga rahatA hai jo usake so jAne para usake peTa se nikala kara premI rAjakumAra kI jIvana lIlA samApta kara detA hai| jiNadatta usa sarpa ko mAra detA haiN| kAvya meM aneka sundara sthala haiM / zabdAlaMkAroM para kavi kA vizeSa sneha prakaTa hotA hai| isase chanda layayukta aura karNa sukhada bana gaye haiM, lekina isakI bhASA ko maiM marugurjara kI bhASA nahIM kaha sakatA kyoMki isa para apabhraMza kA prabhAva atyadhika hai ataH isakA eka udAharaNa dekara isakA vivaraNa samApta kiyA jA rahA hai / kavi candrodaya para cAroM ora chiTakI huI cAMdanI kA bhrAntimAna alaMkAra yukta kaisA camatkArika varNana karatA haiM yathA "mutAhala maMtie samaripaNu, vINaiM borIhalu haviyamaNu / ' sisu paTTala maMtie laMpaDaU, kAkaho Na viyArai dhuupddu|" arthAt zabara striyA~ prasanna hokara bera ke phaloM ko motI samajha bIna rahI haiN| ulaka kauve ke baccoM ko haMsa kA baccA samajha vidIrNa nahIM karatA / ityaadi| 1. tribhuvana giri yA tahanagar3ha ke rAjA ajayapAla ke uttarAdhikArI harapAla ke putra kozapAla paMDita lAkhU ke pitAmaha the / inake prapitA kA nAma lAhaMDa __ aura pitA kA nAma sAhula thaa| 2. hindI sA0 kA0 vR0 i0 bhAga 2 pR0 263-64

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maru gurjara jaina sAhitya 137 zrAvaka lakhamasI kI racanA jinacandra sUri varNanArAsa saM0 1371 ke AsapAsa kI racanA hone ke kAraNa nizcaya hI 14vIM zatAbdI kI kRtiyoM ke sAtha vivecya hai / usI prakAra lakkhaNa kRta 'aNuvaya rayaNa paIu' yadyapi saM01313 kI hI racanA hai kintu isakI bhASA nizcaya hI apabhraMza hai isalie aNuvrata ratna pradIpa kA nAmollekha bhI 14vIM zatAbdI meM hI samIcIna hogA / lAkhamadeva kI kRti NamiNAhacariu kA racanAkAla nizcita nahIM hai / isakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1510 kI prApta hai ataH ise 13vIM yA 14vIM zatAbdI kI racanA kahA jA sakatA hai| isalie isakA bhI vivaraNa uparokta donoM kaviyoM ke sAtha 14vIM zatAbdI meM hI diyA jaayegaa| itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina tInoM kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM marugurjara kI racanA zrAvaka lAkhamasI kRta jinacandrasUri varNanArAsa hI hai| zeSa donoM kaviyoM kI bhASA yA to apabhraMza yA apabhraMza mizrita bhASA hai| barasa -ApakI do sandhiyoM kI eka laghukRti 'vaira sAmi caritra'' isI kAla kI prApta racanA hai / isakI bhASA bhI apabhraMza grasta yA mizrita hai| isa racanA kI bhASA ke namUne kI daSTi se isake anta kI do paMktiyA~ Age uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM : "munivara varadatti guNAhara bhatti vairasAmi gaNaharacariu / sAhijjau bhAvi muMcahu vAvi, ji tihuyaNa niyaguNabhariu / ' isakI prati pATana ke bhaMDAra se prApta haI / Amataura para ina racanAoM ko apabhraMza kI racanA mAnakara inakA dezI bhASA sAhitya ke sAhityetihAsoM meM ullekha nahIM milatA kintu marugarjara bhASA kI saMkrAntikAlIna sthiti hai jisameM apabhraMza ke prayoga kramazaH kama hote gaye aura dhIre-dhIre bhASA marugurjara se A0 dezya bhASAoM meM parivartita hotI gaI, isalie jahA~ bhI saMdhikAlIna bhASA prayukta ho use pUrNatayA marugurjara ke sAhityetihAsa se vahiSkRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___ vanasena sUri--ApakI racanA 'bharatezvara bAhubalighora' kA marugurjara bhASA aura sAhitya ke kSetra meM aitihAsika mahattva hai ataH kaI prasaMgoM meM isakI carcA isase pUrva bhI ho cukI haiM / 45 padyoM kI choTI racanA marugurjara ke prAraMbhika kAla kI bar3I mahattvapUrNa racanA haiM / adhikatara vidvAn isakA 1. mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1 pR0 73 (apabhraMza) 2. vahI

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138 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa racanAkAla saM0 1235 mAnate haiN| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne ise rAjasthAna bhAratI meM prakAzita karAyA hai aura racanAkAla saM0 1225 batAyA hai| isa racanA meM vAdideva suri kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai isalie yaha nizcaya hI usI samaya kI racanA hogii| zrI nAhaTA jI ne ma0 gu0 jaina kavi' meM vajrasena kA samaya saM0 1235 batAyA hai| isameM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke putra cakravartI bharata aura unake bhrAtA bAhubalI ke yuddha kA varNana hai / isa ghora ke kucha padya udAharaNArtha Age uddhRta kie jA rahe haiM : "devasUri paNamevi sayalu tiya loya vadItau, vayaraseNa sUri bhaNai aihu rakha raMguju vItaM / 25 / " yuddha varNana meM vIra rasa kA acchA paripAka huA hai yathA senA ke prasthAna kA varNana : kovAnali paJjaliu tAva, bharahesaru jaMpai / re re diyahu piyANA, DhAka jimu mahiyalu kaMpai / 20 // gulu gulaMta cAliyA, hAthinaM girivara jaMgama / hiMsA ravi jahi diya diyaMta, halliya turaMgama // 21 // dhara Dolai khalabhalai senu, diNiyaru chAijai / bharahesaru cAliya u kaTaki kasu Upamu dIjai / 22:" isakI prati jaisalamera ke zAstrabhaMDAra se saM0 1437 kI likhita prApta huI hai| isakA Adi padya :-- "pahilau risaha jiNiMdunamevi, bhaviyaha nisuNahu rolugharevi, bAhubali kerau viju||" vAdideva sUri--Apane digambara sAdhu kumudacandra ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA thaa| Apake padradhara zrI zAlibhadra suri ne 'bharatezvara bAhabali ghora' ke AdhAra para saM0 1241 meM bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa kI racanA kI jisakA vivaraNa Age yathA sthAna diyA jaayegaa| vAdidevasUri ne saM0 1200 ke AsapAsa municanda guru stuti, ( 25 padya) kI racanA kI hai| isakI bhASA ko apabhraMza prabhAvita prAcIna gujarAtI kahA gayA hai, vastutaH yaha marugurjara kI racanA hai / kucha vidvAn ise jUnI gujarAtI aura kucha apabhraMza kI racanA batAte haiM : ApakA nAma devasUri thaa| Apa 1. zrI a0 10 nAhaTA--'rA0 sA0 kA A0 kA0' paramparA pR0 155 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA--gurjara jai0 kavi pR0 6

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 139 nAgaura nivAsI the| 'pramANanayatattvalokAlaMkAra' nAmaka dArzanika graMtha Apa kI viziSTa racanA mAnI jAtI hai| Apa kI dUsarI racanA 'municandra sUri stuti jaina zvetAmbara kAnphransa heralDa ke san 1917 ke sitambara, navaMbara aMka meM prakAzita haI hai| yaha prakAzana gujarAtI chAyA ke sAtha hai aura racanA ko apabhraMza kI hI kahA gayA hai / vijayasena sUri--Apa mahAmAtya vastupAla ke dharmAcArya the| Apake guru nAgendra gaccha ke AcArya haribhadra sUri the / vastupAla tejapAla dvArA saM0 1287 meM AbU meM neminAtha kI mUrti pratiSThA Apane hI karAI thii| Apa kI prasiddha racanA 'revaMtagiri rAsa' meM giranAra tIrtha kA manohara varNana huA haiN| yaha racanA vi0 saM01287-88 meM kI gaI / yaha kRti 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' meM prathama sthAna para saMkalita hai| isameM kula cAra kar3avaka haiM jinameM kramazaH 20,10,22 aura 20 padya haiN| isameM lekhaka ne racanAkAla kA kahIM ullekha nahIM kiyA hai kintu yaha pratiSThAkAlake pAsa kI hI racanA hogii| ataH nAhaTA jI ne isakA racanAkAla saM0 1287 hI svIkAra kiyA hai / isa kRti ke tIsare kaDavaka ke 20veM chanda meM kavi kA nAma isa prakAra AyA hai 'raMgihi me ramai jo rAsu siri vijayaseNi sUri nimmavau / nemi jiNa tUsa u tAsu aMbika pUrai maNiralI / 20 / _ 'raMgihi ramai' ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne kahA hai ki yaha yA isa prakAra ke prArambhika rAsa natya-geya pradhAna the aura mandira-pratimA Adi kI pratiSThA utsavoM para khele jAte the| isa racanA ke prathama kaDavaka ke AThaveM chanda meM lekhaka kA nAma itane Adara se AyA hai ki zaMkA hone lagatI hai ki svayaM isa prakAra apane nAma kA ullekha lekhaka ne hI kiyA hai yA unake ziSya ne bAda meM jor3a diyA hai| unake eka ziSya udayaprabha sUri ne 'saMghapati carita aura dharmAbhyudaya Adi likhA tathA anya kaI racanAyeM kii| ve paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM "nAyala gacchaha maMDaNau vijayaseNa sUrirAu / uvaesihi vihu narapavare ghammi dhariu diDhubhAu / " __ Apa kI guru paramparA isa prakAra hai- nAgendra gacchIya mahendrasUri ke ziSya zAnti sUri, Ananda sUri, amara sUri, haribhadra sUri ke Apa ziSya the|

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140 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rAsa kA prArambha maMgalAcaraNa dvArA kiyA gayA haiM, yathA"paramesara titthesaraha paya paMkaja paNamevi, bhaNisu rAsu revaMtagiri aMbika- divi sumarevi / 1 / " revaMtagiri para nemijina sthApanA kA manohara varNana isameM kiyA gayA hai| racanA ke samaya gurjarAdhIza jayasiMha siddharAja aura kumArapAla tathA soraTha kA adhipati prasiddha rAjA khaMgAra bhI upasthita the / vanarAji kI zobhA kA varNana karane meM kavi ne bar3I anuprAsika zabdAvalI kA saMyojana kiyA hai / yathA "karavara karapaTa karuNatara karavaMdI karavIra / kuMDA kaDAha kayaMba kaDa karava kadali kaMpIra / veyalu baMjalu va ula vaDo ve usa varaNa viDaMga, vAsaMtI vIriNI viraha vasiyAli vaNavaMga / (prathama kaDavaka kA 16-17 vA~ padya) nimnAMkita padya meM neminAtha kA rUpaka draSTavya hai "nIjharaNa camara DhalaMti, meghADambara siridhriiiN| titthaha esaDa revaMdi sihAsaNi jayau nemi jiNu / " arthAt nirjhara camara DulAte haiM, megharUpI meghADaMbara sirapara dhAraNa kie hue revaMtagiri rUpI siMhAsana para mahArAja nemijina virAjamAna haiN| isa rAsa meM pravAhamaya AlaMkArika bhASA, uttama alaMkAra yojanA, manohArI prakRti varNana aura kAvyAtmaka sarasatA ke kAraNa sAhityika saundarya uttama bana par3A hai| isa sandarbha meM ekAdha paMkti aura uddhRta karanA upayukta hogaa| maNahara dhaNavaNa gahaNe rasi rahasiya kiMnarA, geu muhuru gAyato siri nemi jinnesraa|" isa prakAra marugurjara bhASA ke prArambhika kAla kI yaha kAvyakRti kAvyasauSThava kI dRSTi se bar3I uttama racanA hai| yaha eka khaMDakAvya hai| isake prArambha meM paramezvara tIrthaMkara kI vaMdanA ke bAda gurjara deza meM sthita dholakA ke rAjA dhavaladeva ke rAjyameM pokhADa kulamaMDana vastupAla tejapAla kA 1. prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha-revaMtagirirAsa /

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maru gurjara jaina sAhitya 141 viruda-varNana hai / dvitIya kaDavaka meM kumArapAla evaM usake daNDanAyaka AMbaDa kA ullekha hai jisane girinAra para vizAla sopAna-paMkti kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| tRtIya kaDavaka meM kazmIra aura vahA~ ke darzanArthI ajita aura ratna nAmaka do bandhuoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jinhoMne pratimA ko snAna karAte samaya pratimA ke gala jAne para maNimaya pratimA pradAna kI thii| caturtha kaDavaka meM ambikA devI ke ramaNIka sthala kA varNana hai| anta meM kavi kahatA hai ki grahagaNoM meM sUrya kA aura parvatoM meM meru giri kA jo sthAna hai tribhuvana ke tIrthoM meM vahI sarvazreSTha sthAna revaMtagiri kA hai| isa prakAra yaha kAvyAtmaka aura aitihAsika mahattvapUrNa rAsa AdikAlIna marugurjara sAhitya ke mIla kA patthara hai| zrI ena0 bI0 diveTiyA ne isakI bhASA ko tatkAlIna pracalita bhASA kahA hai|' vIraprabha-Apa A0 jinapati sUri ke ziSya the / Apane 13vIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM 'candraprabhakalaza' kI racanA kii| isameM AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kA janmAbhiSeka varNita haiN| isakI bhASA prAcIna marugurjara kA rUpa pAThakoM ke sammukha prastuta karatI hai jisa para apabhraMza kA spaSTa prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai / bhASA ke namUne ke taura para kucha paMktiyA~ prastuta kI jA rahI haiM : "cAru maMdAramAlahiM yahu accae, dhuNahiM kappUra haricaMdaNaha ccce| siddha gandhavva gAyaMti kinnara varA, raMbha pamuhAu naccaMti tahi accharA / kevi upphalahiM gayaNayali hullupphalA, kevi hariseNa gajjatijima vayagalA / advamaMgala kivilahihiM kivi cAmarA, pahu ubhaya pAsi DhAlaMti titthAmarA / 14 / saMkha bahu saMkha paDu paDaha jhallari mahA, Dhakka TaMbakka bukkA huDukkA tahAM / 1. N. B. Divatia-The History of the Gujarati literature, P. 8

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142 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa tAla kaMsAla maddala tilima kAhalA. kevi vAyaMti kahaharisa kolAhalA / 15 / / racanA meM sAhityika saundarya to sAmAnya koTi kA hai kintu bhASA vinyAsa kI dRSTi se racanA sundara evaM vicAraNIya hai| janma ke samaya hone vAle maMgala utsava aura dhUmadhAma kA acchA varNana anuprAsa yukta zrutimadhurabhASA meM kiyA gayA hai| siddha-gandhoM kA gAna aura apsarAoM kA nRtya tathA nAnAprakAra ke vAdyavRnda kA kolAhala janmotsava ke uchAha ko vyakta karane meM pUrNatayA sakSama lagatA hai| zAlibhadra yA sAlibhadra sUri-Apa rAjagacchIya zrI vajrasena sUri ke paTTadhara the / Apane apane guru vajrasena sUri kRta 'bharatehara bAhabalighora' ke AdhAra para apanI prasiddha racanA 'bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa saM01241 meM likhii| isameM bhI vahI kathAvastu hai jo 'ghora' meM hai| saMvatollekha vAlI marugurjara sAhitya kI yaha saMbhavataH prathama racanA hai| isakI ojasvinI bhASA ko dekhakara pAThaka sahaja hI isa niSkarSa para paha~cate haiM ki 13vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka jAte-jAte marugurjara bhASA kAvya kA sakSama mAdhyama bana gaI thii| isa rAsa ke sabhI varNana bar3e sajIva haiM / yahA~ pahu~cakara marugarjara sAhitya apane vikAsa kA eka caraNa pUrNa kara letA hai| isameM kula 203 padya haiM, jinameM vastu, ThavaNi, dhavala, trUTaka Adi nAnA prakAra ke chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ghora se bhI isakI bhASA adhika sarala evaM bodhagamya hai| isake do saMskaraNa kramazaH munijinavijaya aura lAlacaMda gAMdhI dvArA sampAdita hokara prakAzita ho cuke haiN| bharatezvara kI senA ke prayANa kA yaha sajIva varNana dekhiye 'TalaTalIyA giriTaMka Tola khecara jhalahaliyA, kaDDiya kUrama kaMdha saMdhi sAyara jhlhliyaa| callIya samahari sesa sIsu salasalIya na sakkai, kaMcaNa giri kaMdhAra bhari kamakaMpIya kskki|" yaha vIra gAthAtmaka kAvyoM meM agragaNya haiM aura isake kathAnaka meM kahIM zithilatA nahIM dikhAI detI hai / dUtoM kA saMdeza varNana, senA kA prayANa, yuddha kI bhayaMkaratA aura bharatezvara tathA bAhubali kA caritra-citraNa sabhI sthala 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 167

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maru-gurjara jana sAhitya 143 prabhAvazAlI bana par3e haiM / jaina rAsa sAhitya meM itane uttama DhaMga se apane lakSya ko vyaMjita karane vAlA rAsa isa yuga meM dUsarA koI nahIM hai| itanA guNa sampanna hote hue bhI isa rAsa kA jaina jagat meM apekSita pracAra nahIM ho pAyA isIlie isakI hastapratiyA~ adhika nahIM upalabdha ho sakI haiN| isake prArambha aura anta ke kucha padya diye jA rahe haiM jinase inakI bhASA kA namUnA milane ke sAtha grantha aura graMthakAra ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa sUcanAyeM prApta hotI haiM :Adi "risaya jiNesara paya paNamevI, sarasati sAmiNi mani smrevi| namavi nirantara guru caraNa / 1 / bharaha nariMdaha taNau caritto jaM jugI basudhaM calai badIto, vAra varisa vihuM vadhAvai / 2 / "T anta ke padya nimnalikhita haiM : 'dasa disiiM varatai ANa, bhau bharahesara gahagahaie / rAyaha e gacchasiNagAra, vAyasseNa sUri pATadhara / guNa gaNaha e taNau bhaMDAra, sAli bhadra sUri jANIie / kIghauM e tINi caritru, bharaha naresara rAsu-chaMdiiM / jo par3hai e vasaha vadIta, so naro nitunavanihilahaie / saMvata e vAra ekatAli, phAguNa paMcamiu eu kIue / 205 / inakI do anya racanAoM 'buddhirAsa' aura 'hitazikSAprabuddharAsa' kA ullekha bhI desAI ne bhAga 1 pR0 2 para kiyA hai kintu bhAga 3 meM yaha zaMkA vyakta kI hai ki inakA kartA koI eka hI vyakti hai / zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne buddhirAsa ko zAlibhadra sUri kI hI racanA mAnA hai aura yaha bhI likhA hai ki lokopayogI hone ke kAraNa bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa se isakA jyAdA pracAra huaa| isakI pratiyA~ bhI isIlie adhika upalabdha haiM / isameM abodha logoM ko hitazikSA ( sikhAmaNa ) dI gaI hai / lokapriya hone ke kAraNa isakI bhASA meM parivartana aura mUlapATha meM kSepakoM kI AzaMkA se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ambikA devI aura gautama svAmI ko namaskAra karake yaha racanA prArambha kI gaI hai| isameM kaI bola to lokaprasiddha haiM aura 1. zrI 10 ca. nAhaTA-paramarA 158

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144 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kucha guru ke upadeza se lie gaye haiN| isake Adi aura anta ke chanda isa prakAra haiM :Adi "paNamavi devi aMbAI, paMcANaNa gAmiNi varadAI / jiNa sAsaNi sAMnidhi karai sAmiNi, sura sAmiriNa sadA sohAgiNi / / paNamiya gaNahara goyama sAmi, durita paNAsai tehanai nAmi / varddhamAna sAmI naisIsa, praNamyAM pUraha sayala jagIsa / 2 / " anta "sAlibhadra guru saMkalIya o saviguru upadeza tu / par3hai guNai je sAMbhalaio teha saba Talai kalesa tu / hita zikSA sambandhI eka padya aura dekhiye : "ghara pacchokaDi rAkhe chIDI, varaje nAriji vAhiri hIDI parastrI bahini bhaNInai mAne, parastrI vayaNa ma dharajekAne / " i0 zrI nAhaTA jI ne hitazikSA prabuddharAsa kA ullekha to kiyA hai kintu yaha bhI likhA hai ki yaha rAsa unhoMne dekhA nahIM hai, zAyada buddhirAsa aura hitazikSA prabuddharAsa donoM eka hI racanA kA nAma ho / zrI muni jinavijaya ne bhAratIya vidyA ke dvitIya varSa, prathama aMka meM bharatezvara bAhabali aura buddhirAsa ko eka sAtha prakAzita kiyA hai kintu tIsarI racanA ke bAre meM ve bhI mauna hI haiN| ataH aisA lagatA hai ki zrI nAhaTA jI kA anumAna hI ThIka hai aura buddhirAsa kA hI apara nAma hitazikSA prabuddha rAsa ho / zrI desAI ne bhI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 395 para yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki ye donoM nAma eka hI racanA ke haiM ata; zAlibhadra sUri kI do hI prAmANika racanAyeM haiM (1) bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa, (2) buddhirAsa; donoM hI prakAzita haiN| ___ bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa kI bhASA meM apabhraMza ke prayoga--risaya, jiNesara nayara, bharaha' vijjIya, millIya, Dulliya Adi ke sAtha marugurjara ke svAbhAvika prayoga kAla, pakheru, ghorI, ANaMda, gayaNa, vilAu ke sAtha tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga usakI ullekhanIya vizeSatAyeM haiN| DaoN0 harIza ne apanI racanA AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya zodha meM likhA hai ki isa rAsa meM hindI zabda prayoga kI pravRtti dikhAI detI hai| isameM prAcIna gujarAtI yA prAcIna rAjasthAnI arthAt marugurjara ke rUpa sarvatra parilakSita hote haiN|' 1. DaoN. harIza-AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya zodha pR0 180

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 142 sirimA mahatarA-Apa zrI jinapati sUri kI AjJAnuvartI sAdhvI thiiN| apane 20 gAthAoM kI eka racanA 'jinapati sUri badhAmaNA gIta' saM0 1233 ke AsapAsa likhaa| isameM saM0 1232 kI eka ghaTanA kA ullekha hai--"AsI nayari badhAvaNau, Ayau jiNapati sUri jinacaMda sUri sIsu AiyA lo badhAvaNau bajAvi / suguru jiNapati sUri AviyA lo AMkaNI / hariyA gobari gohaliyA, motIya cauku purehu / " hAle mahattaro ima bhaNai * saMghaha manoraha puuri|" ataH yaha usI samaya kI racanA hogii| yaha kRti sirimA mahattarA yA hAle mahattarA kI hogI athavA donoM nAma eka hI mahattarA ke ho sakate haiM / isakI bhASA TheTha grAma pracalita lokagItoM kI bhASA hai / eka strI dvArA prayukta yaha bhASA tatkAlIna marugurjara kA bar3A prAkRtika svarUpa pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta karatI hai| ___ sumati gaNi-Apa jinapati sUri ke vidvAn ziSya the| Apa kher3anagara ke nivAsI the aura ApakI dIkSA saM0 1267 meM huI thii| ApakA likhA 'nemirAsa' upalabdha hai jo 57 padyoM kA hai| inakI vidvattApUrNa kRti 'gaNadhara sArdhazatakabahabRtti' kI racanA saM0 1295 meM huI thii| isa rAsa kI racanA saM 1267 se 1295 ke bIca kisI samaya huI hogii| zrI nAhaTA jI ne isakA racanAkAla saM0 1270 aura kula gAthA 58 batAyA hai| isameM bAisaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA caritra vitrita hai / viSaya sukhoM ko narka kA dvAra batAtA huA kavi likhatA hai "visaya sukkhu kahi naraya duvAru, kahi ananta suhu saMjama bhAru / bhalau burau jANaMta vicArai, kaggiNi kAraNi koddikuhaari|" yaha rAsa hindIanuzIlana varSa 7, aMka 1 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| isameM neminAtha ke ati loka pracalita caritra ke mAdhyama se dharma kI zikSA dI gaI hai| ___ Age kucha aise kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai jo spaSTa marugurjara ke kavi to nahIM haiM kintu unakI racanAyeM marugurjara ke bhASA vikAsa ke 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ~jaina marugurjara kavi pRSTha 7-9 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pRSTha 165

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146 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa lie mahatvapUrNa haiM tathA ve kavi jaina sAhitya jagata ke stambha haiN| unakI jAnakArI apekSita hai| ___suprabhAcArya - ApakA nizcita samaya nirdhArita nahIM ho pAyA hai / kucha loga inheM 11 vIM aura kucha 13 vIM zatI kA lekhaka mAnate haiN| ApakI eka racanA 'vairAgyasAra' ( 77 padya) kA ullekha milatA hai| isameM manuSya jIvana ko durlabha batAte hue dharmAcaraNa kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| kavi digambara jaina lagatA hai| devapUjA meM bhAva kI saccAI para jora diyA gayA hai| hindI meM pracalita chanda, dohA, savaiyA, kavitta kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai aura prAyaH dohoM meM kavi kA nAma AyA hai| DaoN0 harivaMza kochar3a ne ise 13 vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI kRti batAyA hai| yaha yogIndu aura rAmasiMha kI paramparA kA adhyAtmavAdI kavi hai| somaprabha yA somaprabhAcArya--ApakI prasiddha racanA kumArapAla pratibodha kI carcA pahale kI jA cakI hai| yaha apabhraMza kI racanA hai aura saM0 1251 meM likhI gaI thii| isameM apabhraMza kA prayoga huA hai lekina bIca-bIca meM marugurjara kA prayoga bhI milatA hai, jaise "bho Apannaha maha bayaNu, taNu lakkhaNihiM guNAmi / iyu bAlaka ayaha gharaha, kamiNa bhavissai sAmi / " nimnalikhita dohA marugurjara kA bar3A sApha-sutharA udAharaNa hai-- "vaDa rukkhaha dakSiNa disihiM jAi vidabhahiM magga / bAma disihi puNa kosalihiM jAha ruccai tahi laggu / ' kumArapAla pratibodha kA yaha dohA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki isa samaya taka marugurjara kA vikAsa ho rahA thA, kavi loga rUr3hivaza apabhraMza kA bhI kAvya meM prayoga karate the, sAtha hI hindI, rAjasthAnI gujarAtI kA abhI bheda spaSTa nahIM huA thA arthAt yaha marugarjara yA purAnI hindI kA prArambhika samaya thaa| isa kRti meM Rtu varNana, sUkti kathana evaM kathA kA autsukya hai| isakA eka aMza jIvamanaHkaraNa saMlApa kathA rUpakAtmaka zailI kA udAharaNa hai| isameM jIva, mana aura indriyoM kA mAnavIkaraNa karake unheM pAtra rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| deha nAmaka nagarI meM pAtroM kA saMvAda isa rUpaka kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai / isake apabhraMza bhAga kA gahana adhyayana pro0 luDaviga ne kiyA hai| isakI bhASA kahIM

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 147 sAhityika apabhraMza, kahIM bolacAla kI dezya bhASA ( marugurjara ) hai / jiNa, tiNa, Adi sarvanAmoM ke rUpa tathA pratyayAnta zabda Adhunika dezya bhASA ke adhika nikaTa haiM / kathA meM sarala subhASitoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| somaprabhAcArya suprasiddha jaina vidvAn ho gaye haiN| Apa poravAr3a jAti ke vaNika sarvadeva ke pUtra the| Apake pitAmaha jinadeva pratiSThita puruSa evaM rAjamaMtrI the| Apane kumArAvasthA meM jaina dharma kI dIkSA le lI thI aura samasta zAstroM kA acchA abhyAsa karake AcArya padavI prApta kiyA thaa| Apa vahadacchIya AcArya vijaya siMha sUri ke ziSya the| sUkti muktAvalI ( sindura prakara), sumatinAtha caritra, zatArthakAvya Adi Apake anya prasiddha graMtha haiN| ye sabhI grantha prAyaH apabhraza, prAkRta ke haiM ataH somaprabhAcArya ko hama mukhya rUpa se marugurjara kA kavi nahIM kaha sakate / haribhadrasUri-Apa bar3agaccha ke AcArya zrI jinacandra sUri ke praziSya evaM zrI candra suri ke ziSya the| Apane solaMkI zAsaka siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke matrI pRthvIpAla ke Azraya meM rahate hae aNahilapATana meM 'neminAha cari' nAmaka prasiddha carita kAvya saM0 1216 meM likhA / yaha racanA 13vIM zatAbdI kI avazya hai kintu isakI bhASA apabhraMza hI hai| ataH ise marugurjara kI racanA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne 24 tIrthaGkaroM kA caritra likhA thA kintu aba kevala candraprabhacarita, mallinAthacarita aura neminAthacarita hI prApta haiN| neminAthacarita ke prathama bhAga meM neminAtha aura rAjImatI ke nava pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya bhAga meM neminAtha ke sAtha zrIkRSNa aura pANDavoM kA bhI varNana hai| yaha kAvya kaDavakabaddha na hokara Adyanta raDDA chanda meM likhA gayA hai| isakA eka aMza sanatkumAra carita ke nAma se DaoN0 harmana jaikobI dvArA sampAdita hokara san 1921 I0 meM jarmanI se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isakI carcA apabhraMza sAhitya ke antargata kI jA cukI hai / isakA kathAnaka anya carita kAvyoM kI taraha vIra evaM zRGgAra rasa ke varNanoM se bharapUra hai lekina sabhI rasoM kA paryavasAna antataH zAntarasa meM hI kiyA gayA hai| kAvya saundarya kI dRSTi se RtuoM kA varNana vizeSa hRdayagrAhI bana par3A hai| vasanta varNana kA eka udAharaNa Age diyA jA rahA hai / isakI bhASA ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakegA ki 13 vIM zatAbdI meM likhita yaha kAvyakRti sAyAsa apabhraMza meM kI gaI racanA hai| udAharaNa dekhie ---

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148 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa 'jAhi vijjasiya kusuma kaNiyAra, vaNarAi kaMcaNa maya va kuNaipahiya hiyabhANa vibbhamu~ / ahikakhahi bhuvaNayale sayala bhihuNa niya-daiya saMgamu / " 'Na' kI AvRtti, vyanjana lopa kA Agraha kavi kI bhASA ko rUr3ha apabhraMza bhASA ke rUpa meM parivartita kara detA hai / harideva -- inakI kRti 'mayaNa parAjaya cariu ( madana parAjaya carita) 13 vIM se 15 vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kI racanA kahI jAtI hai| isakI bhASA para bhI apabhraMza kA prabhAva adhika hai / yaha do saMdhiyoM kI eka rUpakAtmaka kRti hai | Apa gRhastha the / Apake pitA kA nAma caMgadeva aura mAtA kA nAma citrA thA | ApakA gharAnA pratiSThita thA / ApakI chaThIM pIr3hI meM nAgadeva ne ApakI isI racanA ke AdhAra para saMskRta meM 'madanaparAjaya' nAmaka grantha likhA / isake AdhAra para inake samaya kA anumAna 13 vIM zatAbdI hI hotA hai / inakI vaMzaparamparA meM paThana-pAThana aura grantha lekhana kA krama inase kAphI pahale se calA AyA thA aura inakI kaI pIr3hI bAda taka calatA rahA / isa racanA meM caritrapurI ke rAjA jinendra ke dvArA kAma ke parAjaya kI kathA rUpakAtmaka zailI meM prastuta kI gaI hai / vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se yaha grantha Adhunika dezya bhASAoM ke vikAsa kA adhyayana karane ke lie vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / isakI bhASA kA eka namUnA yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai : ----- " vajjaghAu ko siriNa paDicchara, asidhArA pAheNa ko gacchai / ko jama karaNu jantu AsaMdhai ko bhuvadaMDai soyaru laMghai / ko jama mahisa siMga uppADai vipphuraMtu kodipAmaNi toDaDa | ko paMcANaNu sattau khalavai / kAlakuTTa ko kavalihiM kavalai / "1 bhASA pravAhamaya aura subodha hai / isameM purAnI hindI yA marugurjara ke bolla, bulla, lA, A, laga Adi dhAtuoM kA prayoga bhASA vikAsa kI spaSTa sucanA dete haiM / isameM aneka pracalita lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai jisase bhASA bodhagamya eva vyaJjanA samartha ho gaI hai| aura bolacAla kI bhASA kA AbhAsa detI hai / itanA saba hote hue bhI ise hama spaSTa marugurjara kI racanA nahIM kaha sakate phira bhI marugurjara kA vikAsa krama dekhane ke lie isa prakAra kI racanAoM ke mahatva ko asvIkAra bhI nahIM kara sakate / 1. hindI sA0 kA vR0 i0 bhAga 3 pR0 271 ,

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maru gurjara jaina sAhitya 149 13 vIM zatI ke ajJAta kavi-ajJAta kavi kRta zrI guruguNa SaTpaTa! nAmaka racanA saM0 1278 ke AsapAsa likhI gaI hai jo aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| isameM abhayadeva sUri ke ziSya jinavallabha sUri aura inake ziSya jinadatta sUri tathA unake ziSya jinacandra sUri kA ullekha hai| isameM eka dvipadI aura ATha SaTpadiyA~ ( chappaya ) haiM / isakI bhASA meM apabhraMza kA mizra prayoga huA hai| yaha marugurjara kI racanA hai| isameM jinacandra ke ziSya jinapati aura unake ziSya jinezvara sari kA bhI ullekha hai| varddhamAna sUri se lekara jinapati sUri taka ke sabhI AcArya jinezvara sUri ko AzIrvAda dete haiN| kharataragaccha ke guruoM kA yaha chandobaddha aitihAsika paricaya hai| jaina samAja meM aneka sampradAya milate haiM jinheM gaccha kahA gayA hai| inameM 84 gaccha prasiddha haiM, kharatara zabda tapAgaccha aMcalagaccha aura loMkAgaccha meM aneka uttama koTi ke lekhaka evaM sAdhaka ho gaye haiM jinhoMne apane gaccha ke sAtha samasta jaina samAja kI bar3I prabhAvanA kI hai| inakA saMkSipta paricaya anta meM diyA jA rahA hai / isa rAsa kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai jinapati sUri kA janma vikramapura nivAsI mAlhU yazovarddhana kI bhAryA sUhava devI kI kukSi se saM0 1210 meM huaa| inake bacapana kA nAma narapati thaa| saM0 1218 meM AcArya jinacandra ne inheM bhImapallI meM dIkSita kiyA aura saM0 1223 meM jayadeva sUri ne inheM jinacandra sUri ke paTTa para pratiSThita kiyaa| inhoMne pRthvIrAja kI sabhA meM vipakSiyoM ko vAda meM parAsta kiyA aura yugapradhAna AcArya hue| ApakA svargavAsa saM0 1277 meM pAlhaNapura meM huaa| Apa marukoTa nivAsI nemicandra bhaMDArI ke pratibodhakartA AcArya the| inhIM nemicandra ke putra aMbaDa (janma saM0 1245 ) ko kher3anagara ke zAntijinAlaya meM jinapati sUri ne dIkSita karake unakA nAma vIraprabha rakhA aura ye hI AcArya pada prApta kara jinezvara sUri ke nAma se prasiddha hue| inakA svargavAsa saM0 1331 meM haa| jinezvara sari kI pada pratiSThA saM0 1278 meM huI ataH yaha rAsa usI ke AsapAsa likhA gayA hogaa| isa rAsa meM rAsa lekhaka kA nAma, racanA kA samaya, sthAna Adi kA vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai / nimnAMkita paMktiyoM se samaya kA anumAna sambhava ho sakatA hai-- 1. aitihAsika jona kAvya saMgraha pR0 3

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150 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa "bAra aThahattarai mAhasiya chadvi bhaNijjai / jiNesara sUri paisarai saMghasayala viviha sajjai / sUrimaMtu siri savvaeva sU rihiM jasu dInau, jAlaurahiM jiNavIra bhuvaNi bahuucchava kInau / " isa SaTpada kI antima paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM-- "vihi saMgha sa naMdau diNaNa diNu vIratitthuthiru houdhara / pUjanti maNoraha sayada vahi, kavvaTTha paTaMti nArinara / 8 / " iti SaTpadam / / __ ajJAta kavi kRta eka anya racanA 13 vIM zatAbdI kI 'jiNadatta sUri stuti' bhI aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| isakA racanA kAla saM0 1211 ke AsapAsa honA caahie| isakI bhASA 13 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kI bhASAzailI kA adhyayana karane ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai / isa para apabhraMza kA prabhAva adhika lakSita hotA hai| isameM lekhaka aura lekhana samaya kA saMketa nahIM miltaa| kAvyatva kI dRSTi se par3hane para nirAzA hI hAtha AtI hai kintu isameM aitihAsika mahattva kI sUcanAyeM avazya upalabdha haiN| isa kRti me jiNadatta sari ke janma, dIkSA, padapratiSThA Adi se sambandhita tithiyA~ dI gaI haiM, yathA janma sambandhI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM "saMvat igyAraha varisa vattIsai jasu jamma / vAchigamaMtrI pitA jaNaNi bAhar3a devI suramma / " isI prakAra AcArya--padapratiSThA se sambandhita tithisUcaka paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM-- "igatAlai jiNavaya gahiya guNahuttarai jasu pATa / baisAkhai badi chaTTi diNa paya paNamI suraghATa / " isI prakAra svargArohaNa Adi ko tithi sUcaka padyoM ko milA kara kula 9 dvipadiyA~ haiN| isakI bhASA saMkramaNa kAlIna apabhraMza mizrita marugurjara hI hai| 1. ai0 ja0 kA saMgraha pR0 30

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151 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya isa kAla kI racanAoM kI bhASA ke sambandha meM yaha sUcita karanA Avazyaka lagatA hai ki adhikAMza racanAoM meM apabhraMza aura marugurjara bhASAyeM paraspara aisI yuganaddha haiM ki unameM se kisI eka kA aMgabhaMga kie binA dUsarI ko alaga karanA asambhava hai| inameM prAcIna rUDhibaddha apabhraMza ke sthAna para dezya bhASA kI ora agrasara apabhraMza kA prayoga nizcita rUpa se huA hai jo kramazaH marugurjara ke rUpa meM parivartita hone kI prakriyA se gujara rahI thii| ataH kucha racanAyeM jinheM itihAsa graMthoM meM zuddha apabhraMza kI racanA ghoSita kara diyA gayA hai unheM bhI saMkramaNa kAlIna bhASA ke namUne ke taura para yahA~ ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| hA~, aisI racanAoM kA mAtra ullekha hI kiyA gayA hai, vistRta vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai| ___ aba taka 13 vIM zatAbdI kI prApta racanAoM kA vivaraNa yathAsaMbhava prastuta kiyA gyaa| inameM se kucha kI bhASA apabhraMza mizrita marugurjara hai, kucha kI marugurjara hai aura kucha kI apabhraMza hI hai / bhASA kA kramika vikAsa dekhane ke lie aisA karanA Avazyaka pratIta huA / viSaya kI dRSTi se ye racanAyeM vividha prakAra kI haiN| inameM se kucha rAjasthAna aura kucha gujarAta meM likhI gaI haiM, isalie sthAnIya prabhAva unameM svAbhAvika rUpa se prakaTa hotA hai lekina itanA spaSTa hai ki ina sthAnoM meM likhI gaI racanAoM meM pravRtti aura bhASA sambandhI maulika antara nahIM hai| isalie isa ubhayaniSTa bhASA sAhitya ke lie marugurjara se adhika upayukta anya koI nAma nahIM hai| inameM cAra padyoM kI choTI racanAoM se lekara 205 padyoM taka kI bar3I racanAyeM bhI haiM jo rAsa, caupAI, dhavala, mAtRkAkSara, gIta, bAvanI, janmAbhiSeka, kalaza, bolI Adi vividha kAvyarUpoM meM likhI gaI haiN| inameM se kucha kA samaya jJAta hai aura kucha kA anumAnAzrita hai kintu aprAmANika nahIM hai| kucha kA kAlanirdhAraNa abhI vidvAnoM dvArA honA zeSa hai / ye racanAyeM adhikatara zvetAmbara sampradAya ke vidvAnoM dvArA likhI huI haiM / isa kAla meM digambara sampradAya ke sAdhu vidvAnoM ne pracura sAhitya likhA para vaha adhikatara saMskRta yA apabhraMza meM hai marugurjara meM unakA sAhitya kama upalabdha hai| Age calakara unhoMne jo purAnI hindI (hindI) meM likhA hai use marugurjara ke sAtha hI saMgrahIta kiyA jA rahA hai|

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152 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa TippaNI-bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 600 varSa bAda jainadharma digambara aura zvetAmbara nAmaka do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| digambara bhI Age calakara mUlasaMgha, drAvir3asaMgha, kASThA saMgha aura mAthura saMgha meM vibhakta ho gaye / 17vIM zatAbdI meM bhaTrArakoM ke zithilAcAra ke viruddha digambaroM meM terahapaMtha kA AvirbhAva haa| kalpasUtra kI paTTAbalI meM prathamataH munisaMgha ko gaNa, zAkhA aura kuloM meM vibhakta hone kI sUcanA milatI hai / zvetAmbara pahale banavAsI aura caityavAsI nAmaka do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hue, phira kramazaH 84 gacchoM meM vibhakta ho gaye, jinameM kharataragaccha aura tapAgaccha pradhAna haiM / zvetAmbaroM meM sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI mUrtipUjaka nahIM haiM / sthAnakavAsiyoM ko bAIsI sampradAya bhI kahA jAtA hai| ina sabhI saMghoM, gacchoM aura sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM aura lekhakoM ne marugurjara meM prabhata sAhitya likhA hai jisakI carcA hI 'marugurjara jaina sAhitya' kA pratipAdya viSaya hai|

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adhyAya 3 ruma - gurjara jaina sAhitya (vi0 saM0 1301-1400) rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika paristhiti-14vIM zatAbdI meM gujarAta aura rAjapUtAnA meM bar3A rAjanItika uthala-puthala huA, jisakA ina pradezoM ke itihAsa para dUragAmI prabhAva pdd'aa| kahA jAtA hai 'rAjA kAlasya kAraNam' arthAt rAjA kAla kA kAraNa hotA hai| ataH rAjA aura rAjanItika sthiti kA prabhAva sampUrNa sAmAjika vyavasthA arthAt- dharma, saMskRti, bhASA aura sAhitya tathA samasta janajIvana para vyApaka rUpa se par3anA svAbhAvika hai| vi0 saM0 1300 meM vIradhavala ke putra baghelA bIsaladeva ne solaMkI rAjA tribhuvanapAla se gujarAta kI gaddI chIna lI aura gujarAta meM jaina dharma tathA sAhitya kI apratima sevA karane vAle caulukya zAsana kA anta kara diyaa| gujarAta meM baghelA zAsana bhI kaI kAraNoM se jyAdA dina taka nahIM sthira raha skaa| saM0 1312 se 1315 ke bIca gujarAta meM bar3A akAla pdd'aa| prajA anna ke lie trAhi-trAhi karane lgii| usa samaya prajA-rakSaNa kA kArya gujarAta ke zreSThivarga ne zAsakoM kI apekSA adhika lagana se kiyA / bhadrezvara ke zrImAla vaMzIya jagaDUzAha ne sudUra pradezoM se anna ma~gavAkara gujarAta meM jagaha-jagaha satra aura dAnazAlAyeM claaii| lagAtAra tIna varSoM taka duSkAla ke saMkaTa kA mukAbalA kiyA aura tamAma logoM ko bhUkhoM marane se bacA liyaa| isa bhayaMkara akAla aura usake nivAraNakartA jagaDUzAha para aneka kaviyoM ne kaI racanAyeM likhiiN| ___ saM0 1320 ke AsapAsa mAMDavagar3ha ke pethaDakumAra ne 80 sthAnoM meM jinAlaya banavAye aura pratiSThA utsava karAye / Apa deda nAmaka eka vaNik ke putra the, jo kisI yogI kI kRpA se suvarNa siddhi kA upAya jAnakara atyadhika samaddhizAlI ho gaye the| inhIM deda ke putra pRthvIdhara yA pethaDa bar3e dAnI aura dharmAtmA the| Apake caritra para AdhArita kaI racanAyeM likhIM gaI haiN| poravAr3a vaMzIya pethaDa sAha para 'pethaDa rAsa' saM0 1360 meM likhA gyaa|

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154 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saM0 1356 meM nAgara pradhAna mAdhava ne ulgU khAM tathA nusarata khAM ke netRtva meM alAuddIna khilajI kI senAoM kA gujarAta meM praveza kraayaa| merutuMga ne vicArazreNisthavirAvalI meM likhA hai-'yavanA mAdhava nAgara vipreNa anItAH', isI prakAra padmanAbha ne kAnhaDadeprabandha meM likhA hai- nava khaMDe apakIrati rahI, mAdhavi ccha AniyA shii|'1 baghelA rAjA karNa apanI parama rUpavatI kanyA devalade ke sAtha devagiri calA gyaa| usakI patnI kamalA kaida kara lI gii| devalade aura kamalA para gujarAtI tathA hindI meM aneka mArmika AkhyAnakagIta aura kAvya grantha likha gaye haiN| isa prakAra gujarAta meM hindU rAjasattA kI samApti ke sAtha hI gujarAta ke gauravamaya itihAsa ke svarNa yuga kA anta ho gyaa| bahusaMkhyaka hindU prajA para atyAcAra aura julma hone lge| jainoM, zaivoM aura vaiSNavoM ke mandira girAye jAne lge| unakI ITa aura masAle se unhIM mandiroM para masjideM banAI jAne lgiiN| prajA ke jAnamAla kI surakSA khatare meM par3a gii| bahana-beTiyoM kI ijjata-AbarU bacAnA muzkila ho gyaa| zreSThiyoM ke vyApAra-dhaMdhe para burA asara pdd'aa| eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAnA jokhima kA kAma ho gayA / jIvana paMgu banakara raha gyaa| saM0 1356 meM gujarAta vijaya ke bAda alAuddIna ne saM0 1357 meM rAjapUtAne para AkramaNa kiyA aura vIra hammIra ko parAjita kara raNathaMbhaura kA kilA jIta liyaa| usane usake bAda rAjasthAna ke anya rAjyoM ko eka-ekakara jItanA prArambha kiyaa| saM0 1360 meM usane cittaur3a ko phataha kiyA aura 1366 se 1368 ke bIca lagAtAra AkramaNa karake jAlaura ke cauhAna rAjA kAnhar3adeva se usakA rAjya bhI chIna liyaa| isa prakAra eka ke bAda dUsare hindU rAjAoM ko parAjita kara unake rAjyoM ko Apane sAmrAjya meM vilIna karane lgaa| anta se marupradeza meM hindu rAjasattA samApta ho gii| isa sattA parivartana kA vyApaka prabhAva janajIvana kA bhI pdd'aa| gajarAta, mAlavA aura rAjasthAna kA sadiyoM purAnA ghaniSTha sambandha chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| logoM kA vyApAra, vivAha aura tIrtha yAtrA Adi ke silasile meM hone vAlA AvAgamana bahuta kama ho gyaa| isakA bhASA vikAsa para yaha prabhAva par3A ki ukta pradezoM kI dezya bolI-bhASAyeM apanI-apanI sImA meM avaruddha hokara apane-apane kSetra meM sthAnIya prabhAva ke anusAra alaga-alaga 1. zrI mo0 da. desAI-jaina sA0 no itihAsa pR. 421

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 155 vikasita hone lgiiN| musalamAnoM ne gujarAta kI bhASA ko gujarAtI kahanA zurU kiyaa| isalie narmada ko gujarAtI bhASA kA prArambhika kavi kahA jAne lgaa| unhoMne svayaM kahIM likhA hai ki vi0 saM0 1356 ke bAda musalamAnI zAsana meM gujarAtI bhASA gajarAta meM apanA svatantra rUpa grahaNa karane lgii| isa prakAra bhASA sambandhI prAcIna aikya bhI vighaTita hone lgaa| bhinna-bhinna kSetroM meM apanI-apanI bhASA-bolI meM apanA-apanA prAdezika sAhitya likhA jAne lgaa| saMskRta, prAkRta Adi prAcIna bhASAoM kA sthAna prAdezika bhASAoM ne le liyA aura ina prAcIna bhASAoM kI apekSA unameM vyApaka rUpa se racanAyeM kI jAne lgiiN| aisI Apatti ke samaya jaba dharma kI hAni ho rahI thI; mandira mUrtiyA~ tor3I jA rahI thIM, prAcIna saMskRti, bhASA-sAhitya khatare meM thI, to eka bAra punaH jaina zrAvakoM aura sAdhuoM ne dharma, bhASA aura sAhitya ke saMrakSaNa kA bIr3A uThAyA / jaba saM0 1369 meM zatrujaya parvata para sthita AdIzvara kI pratimA bhaMga kI gaI, tIrtha-yAtrAoM para kara lagAyA gayA, jaba rAjapUta rAjA aura sAmaMta prajA aura dharma kI rakSA karane meM asamartha ho rahe the, taba eka vaNika gahastha samarasiMha ne maMdira pratimA ke uddhAra karAne kA avismaraNIya kArya kiyaa| samarasiMha pATaNa kA pratiSThita vyApArI thA aura alapha khAM, jo gajarAta meM alAuddIna kA pratinidhi thA, kA vizvAsapAtra uccAdhikArI bhI thA / usane sabedAra alapha khAM se tIrthoddhAra kI AjJA prApta karake janatA meM abhUtapUrva utsAha saMcarita kara diyaa| samarasiMha ke pitA saMghapati desala ne saMghayAtrA nikAlI aura jainadharmAvalambiyoM meM nayA prANa phUka diyaa| samarasiMha gyAsadIna ke putra ullakhAna ke bhI vizvAsapAtra the aura usake pratinidhi ke rUpa meM tilaMgadeza ke sUbedAra bhI rhe| ApakA saM0 1393 meM svargavAsa haA thaa| inake caritra para AdhArita aneka racanAyeM prasiddha haiM jinameM ambadeva kRta samarArAsa aura kakkasarikRta nAbhinandanoddhAra prabandha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| samarArAsa kA vivaraNa yathAsthAna diyA jaayegaa| dhArmika sthiti - tapAgaccha sthApaka zrI jagaccandra sUri ke paTTadhara zrI devendrasUri isa samaya gujarAta meM bar3e prabhAvazAlI jainAcArya the / ve vaktRtvakalA meM kuzala aura uttama racanAkAra the| unake vyaktitva ke kAraNa 14vIM zatAbdI se gujarAta meM tapAgaccha kA prabhAva bar3hane lgaa| zrI devendra-. suri kA svargavAsa saM0 1327 meM huaa| inake ziSya zrI dharmaghoSasUri bhI:

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156 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aneka granthoM aura stotrAdi ke racayitA the| rAjasthAna meM kharataragaccha kA prabhAva 13vIM zatAbdI se hI adhika thaa| isa samaya zrI jinasiMhasUri ke ziSya zrI jinaprabhasari ne laghakharataragaccha kA prArambha kiyaa| ve asAdhAraNa pratibhAzAlI AcArya the| Apane saM0 1385 meM apane pravacana se mu0 tugalaka ko prabhAvita kiyA / Apa ucca koTi ke sAhityakAra the aura prAkRta tathA apabhraza meM Apane kaI sundara racanAyeM kI jinameM vayarasvAmI caritra (saM0 1316) ke alAvA mallicaritra, neminAtharAsa, SaTpaMcAzadika kumArikA abhiSeka, jJAnaprakAza, dharmAdharma vicAra kulaka Adi mukhya haiM / ApakI marugurjara meM likhita racanA padmAvatI cau0 kI carcA yathAsthAna kI jAyegI / saM0 1390 meM jinakuzalasUri ke paTTa para jinapadmasUri virAjamAna hue| sAramUrti ne inakA paTTAbhiSekarAsa likhA hai| svayam A0 jinapadmasUri ne sirithUlibhaddaphAgu marugurjara meM likhA hai| saM0 1361 meM nAgendragacchIya AcArya candraprabha ke ziSya merutuMga ne prasiddha grantha prabandhacintAmaNi likhaa| maladhArI rAjazekhara sUri ke ziSya zrI sudhAkalaza ne saMgItopaniSad nAmaka saMgIta para mahattvapUrNa grantha likhaa| saM0 1383 meM A0 jinakuzala sUri ne zrI jinadattasUrikRta 'caityavandana devanandana kulaka' para uttama vatti likhii| indrapallIya gaccha ke zrI somatilakasUri (aparanAma vidyA tilaka) ne vIrakalpa aura SaTdarzana TIkA likhii| Apane zrI jayakIti kRta zIlopadezamAlA para zIlataraMgiNI nAmaka vRtti bhI likhI / pallIvAla gacchIya zrI mahezvarasUrikRta kAlakAcAryakathA aura bhuvanasundarIkathA isa zatAbdI kI mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM haiM / A. jinakuzalasUri ke AdezAnusAra saM0 1378 meM naiSadhakAvya aura jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti para cUNi bhI likhI gii| inake atirikta aneka vRtti, TIkA aura cUNi Adi kI racanAyeM isa zatAbdI meM kI gii| candratilaka, vivekasamudra Adi kaI anya acche lekhaka bhI isa zatAbdI kI dena haiN| ___ gadya ke kSetra meM taruNaprabhasari ne isI zatAbdI meM bAlAvabodha bhASATIkA zailI meM sarvaprathama 'SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha' likhaa| A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne likhA hai ki taruNaprabha kI racanA dazArNabhadrakathA meM tatsama zabda vaise hI milate haiM jaise vidyApati kRta kIrtilatA meM / dazArNabhadrakathA kA prakAzana bhI agaracanda nAhaTA ne karAyA hai| yadyapi 14vIM zatAbdI meM 1. A0 ha0 pra0 dvivedI 'hindI sA0 kA AdikAla' /

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 157 bhI dezI bhASAoM para apabhraMza kA kAphI prabhAva thA aura kAvyabhASA meM apabhra Mza kI chauMka lagAkara purAnApana banAye rakhane kA prayAsa hotA rahA kiMtu bhASA kA mUla svarUpa badalane lagA thA / tatsama zabdoM ke prayoga kI pravRtti jo 11 - 12vIM zatAbdI se prArambha huI thI 14vIM zatAbdI meM Akara adhika sakriya ho gaI / A0 ha0 pra0 dvivedI ne uktivyaktiprakaraNa aura kuvalayamAlA Adi se kaI udAharaNa dekara apanA kathana pramANita kiyA hai / chAtra, kSetra, vidyA, prajJA jaise tatsama zabdoM kI bhASA meM bahulatA isI pravRtti ke phalasvarUpa dikhAI detI hai / gadya meM yaha pravRtti adhika spaSTa dikhAI par3atI hai / " sAMskRtika dhArmika kSetra meM bhakti Andolana isa zatAbdI kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai / isakA prabhAva dakSiNa aura uttara bhArata kI tamAma bhASAoM para kramazaH pdd'aa| jainabhakti kAvya isI samaya se prAraMbha hokara 18vIM zatAbdI taka marugurjara meM likhe gaye / ' isa kAla meM aneka jainabhakti grantha purAnI hindI meM likhe gaye jaise lakSmItilaka kRta zAntinAtharAsa, abhayatilaka kRta mahAvIrarAsa ityAdi / isa sAmAnya pRSTha bhUmi para racita 14vIM zatAbdI ke gurjara sAhitya kA paricaya Age prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / abhayatilaka gaNi - Apa kharatara gacchIya vidvAn sAdhu the / Apane vi0 saM0 1307 meM 'mahAvIra rAsa' nAmaka 21 padyoM kI eka racanA kI / yaha kRti bhImapallI ( bhIlaDiyA) ke mahAvIra jinAlaya kI pratiSThA ke samaya likhI gaI thI / pratiSThA mahotsava kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai ki maMDalika rAjA ke Adeza se zrAvaka bhuvanapAla ne jinAlaya ko svarNamaya daMDakalaza se vibhUSita kara pratiSThA karavAI : ---- 'tasu uvari bhavaNu uttaMgavara toraNaM, maMDaliya rAsa Aesi aisohaNaM / sAhuNA bhuvaNa pAleNa karAviyaM, jagadharaha sAhukuli kalasa caDAbiyaM / hema dhadaMDa kalasohi kAriu, pahu jiNesara sugurupAsi paThAviu, vikkame varisa terahai sattaruttare (1307) seya vayasAha dasamIi sudhvAsare abhaya tilaka gaNipAsikhelahiM milavi karAviu, iyaniya maNi ullAsirAsulaDau bhaviyaNadiyahuM / 1 saM0 muni jinavijaya 'prAcIna gurjara gadya sandarbha' dekhiye 2. DA0 premasAgara jaina 'jaina bhakti kAvya ' 3. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, rAja0 sA0 kA A0 kA0, paramparA pR0 169 aura zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 399

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158 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yaha kRti jainayuga meM paM0 lAlacanda kRta gujarAtI chAyA ke sAtha prakA. zita ho cukI hai / isakI bhASA apabhraMza mizrita marugurjara hai| udAharaNArtha kucha paMktiyA~ Age uddhRta kI jAtI hai : 'iha mahe diso disa saMgha miliyA ghaNA, dasaNa ghaNA ehi varisaMtajiva navaghaNAM / ThANi ThANo paNaccaMti taruNI jaNA, kANi ramaNi neurA rAva raMjiya jNnnaa| 'Na' kAra ke atireka ko chor3akara bhASA sarala evaM sarasa hai| zabdAlaMkAroM ke prayoga se bhASA zrutimadhura bana sakI hai| isa samaya taka hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASA meM paryApta alagAva nahIM huA thA isalie samagra kSetra kI jaina kAvya bhASA marugarjara hI thii| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne isa zatAbdI kI bhASA ke sambandha meM likhA hai "gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI hindI bhASAnaM sAmya Asamaya sudhI ghaNaMjuhaMtu te AmAthI parakhAya ch|' isa prakAra abhayatilaka gaNi kI bhASA marugurjara kA prArambhika rUpa hamAre samakSa prastuta karatI hai| Apa saskRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM ke bhI acche jJAtA the| Apane saM0 1312 meM A0 hemacandrasUri kRta saMskRta dvayAzraya grantha para eka vidvattApUrNa vRtti pAlaNapura meM likhI hai| ___amaraprabhasUri-Apa ANaMdamUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1323 meM 'nibaddha tIrthamAla stavana' nAmaka 36 padyoM kI racanA kI hai| ANaMdasUri ke garu A0 dharmasUri bar3e prabhAvazAlI jainAcArya the / zAkambharI ke cauhAna rAjAoM dvArA unheM paryApta sammAna prApta thaa| yaha stavana dvAdaza bhAsA yA DhAla meM nibaddha hai| isake prathama tIna bhAsoM meM zAzvata jinAlayoM kA varNana hai| cauthI se sAtavIM DhAla meM aneka jaina tIrthasthAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dasavIM DhAla meM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA aura racanAkAla kA ullekha kiyA hai / udAharaNArtha kucha paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM :-- "sAyaMbhari nararAya, paNaya pAya dhamma sUri guro, tasupaTi udayagiriMda ANaMdasUri guru divsyro| amaraprabha sUri nAmutAsusIsi saMthava ramau, teraha tevIsami (saM0 1323) siri caMdujjvala jasu diyo|" 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 435 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pa 0 169-170

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159 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya jaina tIrthoM se sambandhita caitya paripATI aura tIrtha mAlAoM kI racanA 14vIM zatAbdI se adhika honI zurU hii| prAkRta, saMskRta se AtI haI yaha dhArA marugurjara meM kramazaH bar3hatI gaI / prastuta tIrthamAlA kI bhASA kA namUnA dekhane ke lie isakI ekAdaza bhAsa kI kucha paMktiyA~ Age uddhRta kara rahA hU~ : 'sivasiri maNimAlA vanniyA titthamAlA, vavagaya bhava jAlA kitti kittI vishaalaa| siva suha phala rukkhaM dei tattaM parukkhaM, nihaNau bhava dukkhaM vaMchiya hou sukkhaM / ' yaha marugurjara bhASA kI dhArmika racanA apabhraza ke prabhAva se achUtI to nahIM hai kintu nizcaya hI marugurjara kA adhika prakRta rUpa isameM prApta hotA hai| ___ amaraprabhasUri ke kisI ajJAta ziSya kI racanA 'saMkhavApIpura maNDava zrI mahAvIra stotram' (gAthA 21) bhI isI samaya kI racanA hai| isakI bhASA kA saMskRtAbhAsa rUpa dekhiye :'kumaya tapa diNido pAyanammAmariMdo, bhaviya kumaya caMdo vaddhamANo jiniNdo| parama suha nivAsaM mukti kaMtA vilAsaM, vavagaya bhavapAsa deunANappa dAsaM / / ' isa para saMskRta kA prabhAva hai| anusvAra lagAkara saMskRtAbhAsa bhASA zailI gar3hane kA yaha bhI eka pracalita prayatna thaa| isa prakAra isa kAla kI marugurjara para apabhraMza aura saMskRta kA prabhAva yatratatra dikhAI par3atA hai jisase chUTane kA prayatna tatkAlIna janabhASA kara rahI thii| Ananda tilaka - 13vIM 14vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kisI samaya 'ANaMdA' nAmaka kRti likhI gaI / DaoN0 rAmasiMha tomara ne apane zodha prabandha 'prAkRta aura apabhraza sAhitya aura usakA hindI sAhitya para prabhAva' meM mahAnandi yA ANaMdA racita 43 padyoM ke AnaMdAstotra kI sUcanA dI hai jisakA yathAvat ullekha DaoN0 harivaMza kochar3a ne apane zodha prabandha apabhraMza sAhitya meM kiyA hai| DaoN0 kAsalIvAla mahodaya ise ThIka nahIM samajhate aura kAphI puSTa AdhAra para unhoMne batAyA hai ki racanA kA nAma ANaMdA aura racayitA kA nAma Anandatileka' hai| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne vIravANI varSa 3 aMka 21 meM DA~0 kAsalIvAla kA samarthana karate hue racanA kA nAma mahAnandi 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 119-120 2. DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla-vIravANI varSa 3 aMka 14-15

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160 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa batAyA hai / nA0 pra0 patrikA saM0 2016 aMka 1 meM ANaMdA kI hastalikhita prati prakAzita bhI huI hai, usameM bhI racanA kA nAma mahANaMdi kahA gayA hai| ataH racayitA kA nAma Anandatilaka hI ucita lagatA hai|| isakA samaya aneka vidvAn yogIndu aura muni rAmasiMha ke kucha bAda mAnate haiM, zrI a. ca. nAhaTA ise 13-14vIM zatAbdI kI racanA batAte haiM / yaha eka AdhyAtmika racanA hai| kavi kahatA hai ki AtmA deha meM usI prakAra nivAsa karatA hai jisa prakAra kASTa meM vaizvAnara aura pUSpa meM pari. mala / bhASA ke udAharaNArtha isI bhAva se saMbandhita paMktiyAM dekhiye :-- "jimi vaisANara kaTTha mahi, kusumaha paramalu hoi, tiha deha mayi vasai jiva ANaMdA viralA bUjhai koi|" / isakI bhASA para purAnI hindI kA spaSTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai|' pratyeka chanda meM kavi ke nAma kI chApa ANaMdA milatI hai isalie ANaMdA zabda grantha ke nAma ke sAtha-sAtha kavi ke nAma kA bhI sUcaka ho sakatA hai yathA: 'guru jiNavaru guru siddhasidda, guru rayaNattaya saaru| so darisAvai appa para, ANaMdA bhava jala pAvai paam| kavi ne chanda kA nAma hindolA kahA hai kintu yaha dohe para hI AdhArita hai| DaoN0 kAsalIvAla ise 12vIM zatAbdI kI racanA batAte haiN| zrI nAtharAma premI ne muni mahAnandi deva kI racanA Anandatilaka kA ullekha kiyA hai jise gopAla sAha ke Agraha para unhoMne likhA thaa| unhoMne racanA kAla nahIM diyA kintu unake dvArA uddha ta udAharaNoM kI bhASA evaM bhAvasAmya ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha vahI racanA hai| unakA eka udAharaNa dekhiye : 'dhyAna sarovaru amiya jalu, munivara karahiM sanANu / aTTha kamala mala dhovahIM, ANaMdA niyaurahu~ / ' ina dohoM kA svara jahA~ eka ora yogIndu aura munirAmasiMha se milatA hai vahIM dUsarI ora kabIra, dAdU Adi nirgaNa santoM kI rahasyavAdI racanAoM ke samAna hai| aisI racanAoM meM vairAgya, zrAvakAcAra aura tatvajJAna jaisI bAtoM kA bAhulya hone ke kAraNa kAvya tatva ko pUrA avakAza nahIM milatA phira bhI ina kaviyoM ne apanI bAta ko yathA saMbhava bodhagamya aura kavitva. pUrNa banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| inakI kalA inakI svabhAvokti aura 1. hi0 sA0 kA vR0 i0 bhAga 3 pR0 342 para uddhRta

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 161 RjUkathana zailI meM hai| bhASA janapracalita, kAvyarUpa lokapriya, aprastuta dainika jIvana ke sAmAnya kSetra se gahIta aura racanAzailI sIdhI sarala hotI hai| ataH ina muktakoM meM cAhe rasaplAvita karane kI utanI kSamatA na ho kintu ve pAThaka ko prabhAvita avazya karate haiN| apanI bAta ke samarthana meM eka udAharaNa aura prastuta karake yaha vivaraNa samApta kiyA jAyegA : 'phara sarasa gaMdhavAhiNI ruva vihUNau soi, jIva zarIraha viNu kari ANaMdA' sadguru jANai soi / / yaha racanA sAdhu saMtoM ke lie gopAla sAhu ke Agraha para likhI gaI / ambadevasUri-Apa nivRttigacchIya pAsaDa ke ziSya the| ApakI prasiddha racanA 'samarArAsa' saM0 1371 meM likhI gii| yaha rAsa aitihAsika, bhaugolika aura sAhityika dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| saM0 1369 meM alAuddIna khilajI kI senA ne zatruJjaya ke tIrtha RSabhadeva kI mUrti ko naSTa kara diyaa| tatkAlIna kSatriyoM meM khaDgabala se maMdira ke punanirmANa kA sAhasa nahIM raha gayA thaa| kavi kahatA hai, khattiya khaggunaliti sAhasiyahu sAhasu gle|' aise viSama samaya meM samarAzAha ne yaha kArya sampanna kiyaa| usana sUbedAra alapha khA~ se milakara pharamAna nikalavAyA ki maMdira kA purnAnamANa kiyA jAya aura bhaviSya meM matiyoM ko naSTa na kiyA jAya / usane navIna mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA karAI aura saM0 1373 meM saMghasahita vahA~ yAtrA bhI thii| yaha rAsa usI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA para AdhArita hai| isa rAsa meM khilajI kAlIna bhAratIya sthiti kA saTIka evaM sajIva citra upalabdha hotA hai| yaha rAsa 'gurjarakAvyasaMgraha' aura jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya (saM0 munijinavijaya) meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| jaina samAja meM mahAmAtya vastupAla ke bAda saMghapati samarasiMha bar3e kItizAlI vyakti samajhe jAte haiN| isa rAsa meM samarAzAha kI vaza paramparA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| usake AdhAra para patA calatA hai ki osavAla vaMzIya vesaTa kula meM salaSaNa nAmaka eka pratApI pUrva-puruSa hue| unake putra Ajar3a ke putra gosala th| inhIM gosala ke putra samarAzAha ke pitA desala tha / desala kI bhAryA bholI se tIna putra he| unake dAma the sahajo, sAhaNo aura smro| yaha parivAra pATaNapura se aNahilapura Akara jauharI (jhAverI) kA dhandhA karatA thaa| sUbedAra alaphakhA~ samarasiMha se bar3A prasanna thaa| usake bar3e bhAI sahajo (sahajapAla) ne devagiri meM baDAbhArI kArobAra jamAyA thaa| unhoMne vahAM caubIsa jinAlayoM kI pratiSThA karake jainadharma kA prabhAva

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162 ma gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bar3hAyA thaa| dUsare bhAI sAhaNo ne khaMbhAta meM samudrI mArga se videzI vyApAra dvArA kAphI dhana kamAyA thA / sArAMza yaha ki deza-videza ke vyApAra meM isa parivAra kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna thA / pATaNa meM apane pitA saMghapati desala ke sAtha samarasiMha kArobAra sa~bhAlate the aura samaya samaya para pATaNa sthita sUbedAra alaphakhAM kI sevA karake use prasanna bhI rakhate the / alAuddIna catura rAjanItijJa bhI thA / usane gujarAta meM aisA sUbedAra niyukta kiyA thA jo hinduoM ko AvazyakatAnusAra prasanna bhI rakha sake / kavi alaphakhAM kI nIti ke viSaya meM likhatA hai 'pAtasAhi suratANa bhIbuM taha rAja kareI / alapakhani hindU ahaloyaghaNa mAnu ju deI / sAhurAya desalaha puttu tasu sevai pAya | kalAkArI rajaviu khAna bahu dei pasAya / ' : isa rAsa meM 12 bhAsA yA DhAla hai / prathama bhAsa meM zatruJjaya zikhara para virAjamAna AdIzvara deva aura sarasvatI devI kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai pahilau paNamiu deva Adisaru sattujaMsihare, anu arihaMta savvevi ArAhauM bahubhattire / tau sarasati sumarevi sArayasa sahara nimmalIya, jasu payakamala pasAya muruSa bhANai manaraliya / saMghapati desala puttu bhaNisu cariu samarAtaNaue, dhammiya rosu nivAri nisuNau zravaNi suhAvaNaue / prabandha ke cauthe prastAva meM kahA gayA ki saMgha kI AjJA prApta kara samarasiMha ne mahIpAla kI AjJA lekara uddhAra kArya prArambha kiyA / kArya pUrNa hone para mahotsava huA / saMghayAtrA meM kaI gacchoM ke pramukha jainAcArya jaise vinayacandra sUri, padmacandra sUri, zrI sumati sUri Adi ke sAtha Amradeva yA aMbadeva sUri bhI gaye the arthAt svayam kavi sabhI ghaTanAoM kA pratyakSadarzI yA ataH saMghayAtrA varNana meM tatkAlIna mahattvapUrNa bhaugolika sthAnoM kA bhI vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / samarAzAha kutubuddIna, gayAsuddIna tathA gayAsuddIna ke putra ullakhA~ kA bhI priya pAtra thA / tailaMga deza kA sUbedAra banane para samarasiMha ne tamAma kaidiyoM ko mukta kara diyA, kaI jinAlaya banavAye aura jainadharma kI bar3I prabhAvanA kI / usake caritra para AdhArita 'nAminandanoddhAra' nAmaka prabandha 1. mo0 da0 de0 - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 10

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 163 kAbya kI racanA siddhasUri ke ziSya kakasUri ne kaMjaroTapura meM saM0 1393 meM kI thii| saM0 1371 meM samarAzAha ne apane kuladevI maccikA kI mUrti sthApita karAI thii| usakeza gaccha kI guru paramparA meM ratnaprabha, yakSadeva, kakkasUri, siddhasUri aura devaguptasUri ke nAma hI doharAye jAte rhe| isa rAsa meM ullikhita siddhamUri aura kakkamari dvitIya hoMge, isI prasaMga para AdhArita kucha paMktiyA~ bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM prastuta kara rahA hU~ : 'uvaesa gacchaha maMDaNaue guru rayaNappaha sUri ta / tasu payakamala marAla ue kakkasUri munirAu ta / dhyAna dhanuSi jiNi bhaMjiyaue mayaNamalla bhaDivAuta / ' bimba pratiSThA eva dharma utsavoM para rAsanRtya kA Ayojana hotA thaa| nRtyotsava kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : "khelA nAcaI navalapare ghAghari rvujhmki| acariu deSiu dhAmiyaha kaha cittu na camakai / ' dhvani evaM gati kA bimbAtmaka varNana nimna paMktiyoM meM darzanIya hai 'vAjiya saMkha asaMkha nAdi kAhala duddududduaa| ghoDa caDai sallAra sAra rAuta siigNddiyaa| tau devAlau jomi vegi ghAghari ravu jhamakai / samavisama navi gaNai koi navi kAriu thakkai / (SaSTI bhASA 1pR0 245) isakI bhASA cAraNoM bhI bhASA se paryApta milatI hai| dasamI bhAsA meM vasaMta Rtu kA varNana dekhiye : 'ritu avatariyau vahi ji vasaMto, surahi kusuma primlpuurNto| samaraha vAjiya vijaya ddhkkaa|| sAMgu selu sallai sacchAyA, kesUya kuDaya kadaMba nikAyA / saMgha senu girinAhai bhe| bAtIya pUchaiM taruvara nAma, vATai AvaI nava nava gAma / nayanI jharaNa maauli|" 1. jai0 ai0 gu0 kAvya saMcaya pR0 239; 'samarArAsa' aura 'paramparA' pR0 174-175 2. jaina ai0 gu0 kAvya saMcaya 'samarArAsa' pR0 249

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164 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakI bhASA apabhraMza ke anAvazyaka bojha se mukta gatizIla marugurjara hai / isameM aneka sthaloM para sundara sAhityika-varNana milate haiM jo pUrva varNita vasaMta varNana Adi prasaMgoM se pramANita hai / isa prakAra aitihAsika aura sAmAjika dRSTi ke sAtha hI sAhityika evaM bhASika dRSTi se bhI yaha eka mahattvapUrNa racanA siddha hotI hai / rAsa ke anta meM lekhaka ne rAsa kA racanA kAla aura apanA nAma diyA hai yathA :-- 'saMvaccha ra ikahattara thApio risahajiNido, caitra vadi sAtamipahuta dhare nandao o jAM ravi caMdo / pAsaDa sUrihi gaNaharaha nAgidaMa gaccha nivAso, tasu sIsahi aMbadeva sUrihiM raciyau o samarA rAso / ahu rAsa je par3hai guNai nAcii jiNa hari dei, zravaNi suNai so baiThaio tIrathao tIrathajAtra phaluliu / ' eka anya prati ke anta meM nAgidaMa gaccha ke badale neUUkha gaccha bhI milatA hai jisake AdhAra para inheM nivRttigacchIya AsaDa kA ziSya kahA jAtA hai / udayakaraNa - inakI tIna racanAyeM upalabdha haiM (1) kayalavADa pArzvastotra, (2) jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha stotram (gA0 9) aura (3) phalavaddhi pArzvanAthastotra ( gAthA 8 ) / inakA samaya anizcita hai / zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA inheM 14vIM zatAbdI kA kavi batAte haiM / lekina unhoMne 'rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA AdikAla' meM inakI racanAoM ko 15vIM zatAbdI kA batAyA thA / ve likhate haiM 'saM0 1427 meM udayakaraNa racita kayalabAr3a pArzvastotra aura jIrAvalAphalavaddhi pArzvastotra prApta hue haiM / udayakaraNa jI kI aura bhI anekoM phuTakara racanAyeM milI haiM / " nAhaTA jI kI jaina marugurjara kavi bAda kI racanA hone ke kAraNa adhika sucintita hogI aura isameM unakI racanAoM ko 14vIM zatAbdI kA batAyA hai ataH inakA ullekha 14vIM zatAbdI ke kaviyoM ke sAtha kiyA jA rahA hai / inakI kRti 'jIrAulA pArzvanAtha stotram' kA Adi isa prakAra huA hai 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'jaina maru gurjara kavi aura unakI racanAyeM' bhAga 1 | pR0 60 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA paramparA pR0 181

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 165 'jIrAuli maMDaNa pAsanAha, paya pauma susevaya nAganAha / maNavaMchiya tarugaNa phalaNa rAha, mahi maMDali guru mahimA saNAha / isakA antima padya nimnAGkita hai : 'siri pAsa jiNesaru bhuvaNa diNesaru jIrAuli ramaNI tilau / suranara gaNi mahiyau maI thuNiya u, udayakaraNu bhavibhava srnnu|' zrI phalavaddhi pArzvanAtha stotra kI bhI bhASA kA namUnA prastuta karane ke lie usake Adi aura anta kA padya yahA~ uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai :Adi 'jaya phala vaddhiya puri ramaNi hAra, jaya pAsa jiNesara bhavaNasAra / jaya jaNa maNa citiya suhadattAra, jayadasa disi pasariya jasa vicAra / ' isakI antima paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM : 'phalavaddhiya maMDaNu duriya vihaMDaNu, pAsa jiNesara udayakaraNu / tuha calaNi vilaggau hauM ittau maggau, bhavimahutuhasaya srnnu|' isake chaMdoM meM vividhatA, geyatA, gati aura laya darzanIya hai| isakI bhASA meM maru gurjara kA svabhAvika rUpa adhika spaSTa lakSita hotA hai| udayadharma-Apa tapAgacchIya ratnasiMha sUri ke ziSya the| ApakI racanA 'uvaesa mAla kahANaya chappaya' dharmadAsa gaNi ke prAkRta grantha upadezamAlA para AdhArita hai| isameM kula 81 chappaya chanda haiN| 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' meM isa racanA ke kartA kA nAma vinayacandra diyA gayA hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne bhI jai0 ga0 ka0 bhAga 1 meM ise vinayacanda kI racanA likhA thaa|' lagatA hai prA0 gu0 kAvya saMgraha meM bhI vahI AdhAra le liyA gayA thaa| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 meM ise sudhAra kara lekhaka kA nAma udayadharma kara diyA hai, kintu eka nayI samasyA utpanna kara dI hai| unhoMne bhAga 1 meM isakA racanAkAla 14vIM zatAbdI batAyA thA kintu bhAga 3 meM 16vIM zatAbdI kahA hai| unhoMne udayadharma kI eka anya kRti 'vAkya prakAza auktika kA racanAkAla saM0 1507 nizcita kiyA hai aura isI AdhAra para udayadharma ko 16vIM zatAbdI kA kavi ghoSita kara diyA hai| isa sambandha meM zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA jI kA spaSTa mata pahale se rahA hai ki yaha racanA udayadharma kI hai aura udayadharma 14vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiN| 1. a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 pR0 60 2. mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR. 6 3. a0 ca0 nAhaTA-rAjasthAnI sA0 kA AdikAla, paramparA pa0 172

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166 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa udayadharmaM vinayacandra ke guru bhrAtA the / isIlie udayadharma kI racanA adhika prasiddha lekhaka vinayacandra ke nAma se prasiddha ho gaI hogI / ratnasiMhasUri aura vinayacandra kA samaya 14vIM zatAbdI prAyaH sabhI itihAsakAroM ko mAnya hai ataH inakA samaya do sau varSa bAda nahIM ho sakatA aura udayadharma bhI 14vIM zatAvdI hI kavi hoMge / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 'vAkya prakAza auktika' ke lekhaka koI anya udayadharma haiM jisase zrI desAI jI ko bhrama ho gayA hai / ataH maiM zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ke mata ko ucita samajhate hue udayadharma ko 14vIM zatAbdI kA kavi mAnatA hU~ / 14vIM zatAbdI meM chappaya chanda kA itanA prazasta aura pravAhamaya prayoga avazya kucha zaMkA utpanna karatA hai kintu inakI bhASA kA apabhraMza garbhita svarUpa inheM 16vIM zatAbdI kA kavi mAnane meM bar3I bAdhA utpanna karatA hai / eka udAharaNa nIce diyA jA rahA hai| 'savva sAhu tumhi suNau gaNau jaga agha samANau / koha kahavi pariharau dharau samarasa samarANau / tihuyaNa guru sirivIra dhIrapaNa dhamma dhuraMdhara / dAsa pesa duvvayaNa sahai ghaNa dusaha niraMtara / nara tiriya deva uvasagga bahu jaha jaga guru jiNavara khamai / tima khamau khaMti aggali karI jemmari udala bala namai / ' :--- isa chappaya ko par3hakara yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki isameM uttama chanda pravAha hai kintu bhASA ati apabhraMza garbhita hai / isakA nAma hI lekhaka kI apabhraMza ke prati rujhAna kA saMketa karatA hai / isake prArambha kA chappaya isa prakAra hai : 'vijaya nadi jiNida vIra hatthihi vaya leviNu, dhammadAsa gaNi nAmi gAmi nayarihiM viharai paNa, niyaputtaha raNasoharAya paDibohaNa sArihi, karai sa uvasa mAla jiNa vayaNa vicArihiM / saya paMcacyAla gAhA rayaNa maNi karaMDa mahiyali muNau / saha bhAvi suddha siddhata samasavi susAhu sAvaya suNahuM / " isakA antima chappaya bhI prastuta hai - 'iNipari siri uvaosamAla kahANaya, tava saMjama saMtoSa viNaya vijjAi pahANAya / 1. mo0 da0 de0 jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 457 --

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167 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya sAvaya saMbharaNattha atthapaya chappaya chaMdihi, rayaNasIhaM sUsIsa pabhaNai ANaMdihi / arihaMta ANa anudiNa 'udaya dhamma' mUla matthai hau, yo bhaviya bhatti sattihiM sahala sayala lacchilIlA lahai / ' aba inake nAma se prasiddha dUsarI racanA 'auktita' para vicAra kara liyA jAya / isa para harSakula ne vatti likhI hai aura usameM unhoMne udayadharma ko ratnasiMha kA ziSya batAyA hai kintu racanAkAla saM0 1501 batAyA 'mulagaru tapagaNa gaganAMgaNa taraNi zrI ratnasiMha sUrINAM, ziSyANunedamauktikA mudita mudayadharma saMjJena / ' arthAt isake lekhaka udayadharma to haiM aura ve ratnasiMhasUri ke ziSya haiM kintu unakA racanAkAla zaMkAspada hai| 'suaMdha dahamI kahA' ke lekhaka zrI udayacandra kahe jAte haiM aura unakA samaya 13vIM 14vIM zatAbdI kahA jAtA hai| ho sakatA hai ya donoM eka hI hoN| guNAkarasUri-Apa padmAnandasUri ke ziSya the| ApakI kRti 'zrAvakavidhirAsa' kA racanAkAla saM0 1371 nizcita hai / yaha rAsa AtmAnanda zatAbdI smAraka grantha meM prakAzita hai| isakI hastalikhita prati ke lekhaka purohita lakSmInArAyaNa lAla haiN| isameM zrAvakoM ke lie vihita niyama Adi kA Adeza-upadeza milatA hai| rAsa ke anta meM lekhaka ne apane guru aura rAsake lekhanakAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve chaMda uddhRta kie jA 'ama je pAlo avara sAvaha vihI, aTha bhava mAMhi sivasukha so pAvihi / rAsa padmANaMda sUri sIsahi kIyau, teraha gahattarai ahalaliyaM gau / 48 // je par3hai so suNai o ramai jiNahare, sAsaNadevi tAsu sAnidhi karai / jema sasi sUra aru merugiri naMdaNa, tAM jayau tihuyaNa aha jiNa sAsaNaM / rAsa ke prArambha kI paMktiyAM bhI prastuta haiM : 'pAya pauma paNamevi cauvIsa vi titthaMkaraha, zrAvaka vidhi saMkhevi bhaNai guNAkara sUri guro|' ina do paMktiyoM meM racanA aura racanAkAra ke nAma kA ullekha hai| isa 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 404

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168 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rAsa ke sambandha meM zrI nAhaTA jI kevala itanI hI sUcanA dete haiM ki yaha rAsa AtmAnanda zatAbdI smAraka grantha meM chapA hai| ___ ataH rAsa lekhaka ke sambandha meM adhika jAnakArI nahIM upalabdha ho paaii| DaoN0 dazaratha ojhA ne ise dhanapAla kI racanA batAyA hai| kinta dhanapAla ke nAma para zrAvakavidhi rAsa kA anyatra kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milatA ataH DA0 dazaratha kI bAta ucita pratIta nahIM hotii| isa rAsa ke lekhaka guNAkara sUri haiM isake samarthana meM zrI nAhaTA, zrI desAI aura anya prabuddha jaina lekhakoM kI mAnyatA se zrI dazaratha ojhA kA mantavya mela nahIM khAtA, aura na to zrI ojhA ne apanI sthApanA ke samarthana meM koI Thosa pramANa hI prastuta kiyA hai ataH use svIkAra karanA sambhava nahIM hai| isakI bhASA sAdhA. raNa marugurjara hai| yaha dharmopadeza sambandhI racanA hai| ata: isameM kAvyatva ke samAveza kA avasara nahIM hai aura na usakI apekSA kI jAnI cAhiye / ghelha - sambhavataH Apa digambara sampradAya ke kavi the| Apake sambandha meM adhika vivaraNa nahIM prApta ho sake haiN| ApakI eka racanA 'cauvIsa gIta' prApta hai jisakA samaya saM0 1371 mAnA jAtA hai| isameM jainadharma ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI gaI hai| isa racanA ke uddharaNa prApta nahIM ho sake ata inakI bhASA ke sambandha meM kucha kaha pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| __ cAritragaNa -Apa zrI jinacandra sUri ke ziSya the / ApakI eka racanA 'jinacandrasUrireluA' (gAthA 9) 14vIM zatAbdI kI mAnI jAtI hai / 14vIM zatAbdI kI relaA saMjJaka kucha anya racanAyeM bhI prApta haiM. jaise 'jinakuzalasUrireluA', sAlibhadrareluA aura gurAvalIrelA ityAdi / ye racanAyeM saM0 1437 meM likhita eka svAdhyAya pustikA kI eka prati meM thIM jise jaisalamera ke zAstrabhaMDAra se zrI nAhaTA jI ne prApta kiyA thaa| unhoMne inakA paricaya 'jainasatyaprakAza' meM diyA hai aura 'reluA' nAmaka kAvya rUpa kI vizeSatAoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| relaA saMjJaka racanAoM kI paramparA zAyada Age nahIM cala pAI / ataH isa laptaprAya kAvya vidhA kA prArambhika svarUpa jAnane ke lie ina racanAoM kA mahattva nirvivAda rUpa se pramANita hai| 1. zrI a0 ca. nAhaTA paramparA pR0 174 2. DaoN0 dazaratha ojhA hindI sA0 kA vR0 i0 bhAga 3 10 299

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 169 'jinacandrasUrirelaA' kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ prastuta haiMjinaprabodha sUrirAya paTTivara kamala divAyaru payaDiu suddha jaya dhammu / devarAja kuli gayaNa caMdusiri kAmala paumiNi kukhihi haMsu upannu // 1 // ___ isakI antima paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM :'siri jiNacaMda sari jaga pahANa je gAyahi bhAvihi bhagatihi citaha rNgi| cAritu nimmala pAliviNa ta nara an nAriya pAvaI siva suha raMgi / 9 / " 'reluA bhAsa zrI jinacandra sUri padAni saNyipi caritragaNi kRtAni / ' ina paMktiyoM se isakI bhASA kA anumAna karanA saMbhava hotA hai| isameM prayukta bhASA tatkAlIna apabhraza mizrita marugurjara bhASA hai| viSaya to isake nAma se hI spaSTa hai| isameM apane guru A0 jinacandra kI stuti lekhaka ne bhaktibhAva se kI hai| isameM gurubhakti to hai kintu bhaktirasa nahIM hai / chalha--ApakI tIna racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai (1) kSetrapAla dvipadikA, (2) pahAr3iyA rAga aura (3) prabhAtika nAmAvali / saM0 1425 ke AsapAsa kI likhita eka saMgraha-prati meM aneka mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM milI thIM jinameM se kucha pUrNa aura kucha apUrNa thiiN| usI prati meM chalhu kavi kI ukta tInoM racanAyeM bhI prApta huI thiiN| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne chalhu ko 'jaina maru gurjara kavi aura unakI racanAyeM' bhAga 1 meM 13vIM zatAbdI kA kavi batAyA hai kiMtu 'rAjasthAnI sAhityakA AdikAla meM unheM 14vIM zatAbdI kA kavi kahA hai| lagatA hai ki chalhu 13vIM ke anta aura 14vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM bhI vartamAna rahe hoNge| 'kSetrapAladvipadikA' meM kula 8 gAthAyeM haiM / isakI prathama aura antima gAthA udAharaNArtha prastuta kI jA rahI hai :Adi 'summai DahaDahaMtu aisahau garuyau sadu nahayale / ghummai saghaNaghoru jaNa bhIsaNa mehalara vau mahiyale / ruNu jhuNu ruNu jhuNaMta neura saru pAyA laghu pahuttau / naccai khittavAla jiNa maMdiri bahu ANaMda jutto|1|' anta 'jAi su paMtha kusuma sevittiya jo tuha bhatti pUyae / vilasai sujju sukkha bahu viha pari dukkhu na hoi tahakkae / divvAbharaNa divva devaMga samIhiya tAsu sNpe| jo tuha par3hai suNai khittA hiva ima kavi chalhu jNpe|' 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 ga0 je0 kavi pR0 29 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 19

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170 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa inakI racanA 'pahAr3iyArAga' sambhavataH koI lokagIta ho, usakI bhASA bhI lokabhASA rahI hogI, yadi usa racanA ke namUne prApta hoM to tatkAlIna bhASA kI donoM zailiyoM kA paraspara tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMbhava ho sakatA hai kintu abhI taka vaha racanA yA usake uddharaNa mujhe nahIM prApta ho ske| prAbhAtika nAmAvali kA viSaya to usake nAma se hI spaSTa hai / usameM prabhAtakAla meM smaraNIya nAmoM kA mAhAtmya kahA gayA hogaa| jayadeva muni- ApakI racanA 'bhAvanA saMdhi prakaraNa' kula chaha kar3avakoM kI eka laghu racanA hai / isake pratyeka kar3avaka meM 10 padya haiM / isake racanAkAla ke sambandha meM 13vIM-14vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kA samaya prAyaH lekhakoM ne anumAnita kiyA hai| isa racanA ke racayitA ke kAla aura sthAna Adi kI sUcanA nahIM prApta hotI hai| isa saMdhi ke antima padya meM isake racayitA jayadeva muni aura unake ziSya zivadevasUri kA nAmollekha mAtra milatA hai / isameM dhArmika-naitika upadeza kI pradhAnatA hai kintu isakI bhASA pravAha pUrNa, nAdAnukUla, lokoktiyoM aura subhASitoM se sajI hone ke kAraNa ullekhanIya hai / isake bhASA ke AdhAra para isake sampAdaka zrI ema0 sI0 modI ne isakA racanA kAla 13vIM-14vIM zatAbdI ke bIca mAnA hai| isameM mAlavanareza muja kA ullekha hai kintu yaha usakI samakAlIna racanA nahIM hai / isakI bhASA ke kAraNa kucha loga ise purAnI racanA mAnane ke pakSa meM bhI haiN| isakI bhASA spaSTa hI apabhraMza kI rUr3ha zailI hai; isakA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai : 'anuThahi muttau taDaphaDaMta, jaitehi nipIData kaupaMData / rahi jutta u taTThau taDapaDaMtu, vajjAvai pakkaDa phddkddhNtu|' jaisA pahale kahA gayA ki isakA viSaya naitika upadeza hai| eka sthAna para saMyama kA tyAga kara viSayoM meM DUbe hue vyakti kI tulanA kavi usa mUrkha se karatA hai jo kalpataru kATakara eraMDa kA per3a lagatA hai, yathA : kappataru toDi eraMDa so vavvae' jayadharma-Apa kharataragacchIya AcArya jinakuzalasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1377-79 ke bIca kisI samaya apane guru kI stuti meM 'jina1. Annual of Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona bhAga 11, pR0 1-31 taka san 1930 I0 2. hi0 sA0 kA vR0 i0 bhAga 3 pR0 346 .

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 171 kuzalasUrireluA' likhaa| isakI carcA cAritragaNikRta 'jinacandrasUri reluA' ke sAtha kI gaI hai| prastuta reluA kula 10 gAthAoM kI racanA hai| A0 jinakuzala sari kA AcAryakAla saM0 1377 se 89 ke bIca thA ataH yaha racanA isI ke AsapAsa kI hogii| isakA Adi aura anta uddha ta kiyA jA rahA hai| Adi 'dhanu dhanu jelhau maMtivara dhanu jayatala deviya itthiya guNa saMpunna / jIha taNai kuli avayariu paravAiya bhaMjaNo siri jiNakuzala muNiMda / ' isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai :'siri jinacandaha sIsuvara sIla samUsiu vaMdiha je savicAra / te nara narasura siddhi suha tava caraNa, saMsAhiya pAvahi nANu appaaru|' isI prati ke sAtha sAlibhadra relaA (gAthA 9) ke atirikta zrI thUlibhadra varNanA bolI (gAthA 8), dharma carcarI gAthA 20 aura kRpaNa nArI saMvAda gAthA 9 Adi kaI choTI-choTI kintu kAvya rUpa kI dRSTi se apUrva racanAyeM prApta huI thI jinameM se kRpaNanArI saMvAda to bahuta hI prasiddha ho gaI hai| dharmacarcarI saMbhavataH jinadattasUrikRta prasiddha carcarI ke bAda dUsarI carcarI prApta hai / isakA Adi aura anta yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai :Adi 'sumare viNu siri vIra jiNu, pabhaNisu sAvaya-dhammu / jo ArAhai ikkamaNi, so naru pAvai smmu|' anta 'je ArAhai guru calaNa, jiNavara dhammu kariti / saMsAriya suhu aNubhaviya, sivapuri te vilasaMti / ' 20 / ' kRpaNa nArI aura anya ajJAta kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa isa adhyAya ke anta meM ekatra hI diyA jaayegaa| (dAdA) jinakuzala sUri-Apa isa zatAbdI ke ati prabhAvazAlI jainAcArya the| Apa jinacandrasari ke ziSya the| ApakA janma saM0 1337 meM marudeza ke gar3hasivAnA grAmavAsI chAjahaDa gotrIya jesala kI bhAryA jayazrI kI kukSi se huA thaa| ApakA janmanAma karamaNa thaa| saM0 1347 meM Apane jinacandra sari se dIkSA lI aura kuzala-kIrti nAma par3A / saM0 1376 meM jinacandrasUri ke svargavAsI hone para Apa jinakuzalasUri ke nAma se AcArya paTTa para pratiSThita hue| Apane dUra dUra taka 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 32 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR. 35

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172 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vihAra evaM dharma pracAra kiyA aura aneka saMgha yAtrAoM kA netRtva kiyaa| Apane saM0 1381 meM pATaNa meM zAntinAtha caitya kI pratiSThApanA kraaii| Apa eka uccakoTi ke lekhaka the| ApakI prasiddha racanA 'caitya vandanA kulaka vRtti' hai| yaha jinadatta kRta caitya vandanA para bRhad vRtti hai / ApakI anya racanAoM meM zrI jinacandrasari catuHsaptatikA hai jisameM AcArya jinacandra kI prAkRta bhASA meM vaMdanA kI gaI hai| Apane aneka stotra aura stavanavandana Adi likhe haiM jaise 'phalodhIpArzvastotram', siddhakSetra Adijinastavanam Adi / ye racanAyeM prAyaH saMskRta yA prAkRta meM haiN| pArzvanAthastotram, stambhanapArzvastotram, zerISakAlaMkArapAzrvastotram' zAntijina-stavanam Adi Apake anya stavana-stotrAdi haiN| isa prakAra Apa saMskRta, prAkRta aura dezyabhASAoM ke prakAMDa vidvAn tathA mahAn lekhaka the| prabhAvazAlI dharmAcArya aura saMyama ke mahAna sAdhaka sAdhu the| ataH Apako dAdA kI upAdhi prApta haI thii| ApakA svargavAsa saM0 1389 ke phAlguna meM huaa| ApakI marugurjara meM likhI kisI prasiddha racanA kA patA to nahIM hai kintu Apane tatkAlIna dhArmika evaM sAhityika jagata ko dUra taka prabhAvita kiyA thA ataH ApakA paricaya jaina sAhitya grantha meM honA Avazyaka samajhakara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jinapadmasUri-Apa kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinakuzalasUri ke ziSya the| marugurjara meM likhI ApakI do racanAoM-(1) thUlibhadaphAga aura (2) zrI zatruJjaya caturviMzati stavanam' gAthA 26 kA vivaraNa Age diyA jA rahA hai| prathama racanA sirithUlibhaddaphAgu 27 padyoM kI choTI racanA hote hue bhI kAvyatva kI dRSTi se sarasa aura mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha racanA saM0 1390 se saM0 1400 ke bIca huI hogii| yaha phAgu 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' (saM0 e0 ena0 jAnI) aura 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha' (saM0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA) meM prakAzita hai| zrI bhogIlAla ne isakA racanAkAla saM0 1390 se 1400 ke bIca likhA hai| zrI desAI, zrI nAhaTA aura e0 ena0 jAnI ne bhI isakA racanA kAla vahI batAyA hai, kevala mahApaMDita rAhula ise vi0 saM0 1257 kI racanA batAte haiN| zrI jinapadmasUri kA janma zrI lakSmIdhara kI patnI kIkA kI kukSi se saM0 1382 meM honA prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM ko mAnya hai / Apako AcArya pada saM0 1390 meM aura ApakA dehAvasAna saM0 1400 meM haA thA, ataH yaha racanA saM0 1390 se 1400 ke bIca hI kisI samaya kI gaI hogii|

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 173 yaha chaha bhAsoM meM vibhAjita hai| phAgu kA pracalana uttarakAlIna apabhraMza kAla meM prArambha ho gayA thaa| yaha phAlguna meM vasantotsava para gAyA jAne vAlA lokagIta hai / jainAcAryoM ne phAguoM meM dhArmikatA kA puTa dekara zRgAra kI pRSThabhUmi para zAntarasa kA citra khIMcA hai| prastuta phAgu meM sthalibhadra kI suparicita kathA kA AdhAra liyA gayA hai| kathA vistAra ke lie kathA sAhitya prakaraNa meM 'sthalabhadrakathA' dekhI jA sakatI hai| sthUlabhadra jaina paramparA meM bar3e prasiddha AcArya ho gaye haiN| ve nanda ke maMtrI zakaDAla ke putra the aura pATaliputra kI parama rUpavatI vezyA kozA para anurakta the| pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt inhoMne maMtrI pada lene ke bajAya saMbhUti vijaya ke pAsa jAkara dIkSA le lii| saMyama sAdhanA ke bAda cAturmAsa meM ve eka bAra punaH kozA ke ghara gaye / kozA ne inheM saMyama se DigAne tathA rijhAne kA bar3A prayatna kiyA kintu ye apane saMyama para avicala rahe / anta meM use upadeza dekara zrAvikA banAyA evaM svayam vijayazrI ke sAtha vApasa guru ke pAsa lauTa Aye / yaha racanA isI kathAvastu para AdhArita hai| ___ kavi ne kozA ke aMga-pratyaMga kI suSamA kA bar3A AkarSaka citra prastutA kiyA hai| nArI ke rUpa kA kAmoddIpaka varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : 'mayaNa khagga jima lahalahaMta jasu veNI dNddo| saralau taralau sAmalau romAvali dNddo| tuMga payohara ullasai siMgAra thvkkaa| kusuma vANi niya amitha kuMbha kira thAyaNi mukkA / 12 / / kozA ke nakhazikha kA zrRMgAramaya varNana karatA huA Age kavi kahatA hai : 'ahara biMba paravAlakhaMDa vara campAvannI, nayana salUNIya hAvabhAva bahu guNa smpnnii|' varSA Rtu kA uddIpana vibhAva ke rUpa meM nimnalikhita citra bhI manohara hai, yathA :-- 'jhirimiri jhirimiri jhirimiri e mehA varasaMti, khalahala khalahala khalahala e vAhalA vahati / 1. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha krama saM0 5, evam zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'paramparA' pa0 176

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174 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jha ba jha tra jha ba jhaba e vIjulai jhabakkai, tharahara tharahara e virahiNa maNu kaMpai / ' mahura gaMbhIra sareNa meha jimajima gAjate, paMcavANa niya kusuma vANa timi timi sAjaMte / jima jima ketika mahamahaMta parimala vihasAvai, timatima kAmiya caraNa laggi niya ramaNi manAvai / ' varSA kI bU~doM kI madhura dhvani ke lie dhvanyAtmaka zabdoM kA yaha prayoga ma gurjara sAhitya meM ati carcita hai / kahA~ to varSA kI bUMdeM kAmavANa ke samAna vilAsiyoM ko vyAkula kara rahI haiM, ve apanI rUThI kAminiyoM ke paira pakar3a kara unheM manA rahe haiM aura kahA~ svayam kozA sthUlibhadra ko nAnA prakAra se rijhAne kA prayatna kara karake hAra jA rahI hai, dhanya hai vaha saMyama sAdhanA | unheM to cintAmaNi mila gaI thI / use chor3akara bhalA ve viSaya bhoga kA patthara kyoM lene jAte / kavi kahatA hai'citAmaNi pariharavi kavaNu patthara gii | tima saMjaya siri parina evi bahudhamma samujjala, AliMgai tuha kosa kavatu para saMta mahAbala / ' isake Adi aura anta kA chanda prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai 'paNamiya pAsa jiNaMda paya anusarasai samarevI, thUlabhadda muNiva bhaNisu phAgu baMdhi guNa kevI |1| 'naMdau so siri thUlabhadda jo jagaha pahANo, miliyau jiNi jagi malla sallarai vallahamANo / kharataragaccha jinapadmasUri kiya phAgu ramevaDa, khelA nAcaMi caitramAsi raMgihi gAvevaDa / ' ' Adi anta ina paMktiyoM se prakaTa hai ki isa prakAra ke phAgu phAlguna- caitra (vasaMta) mAsa meM khelane aura nAcane ke abhiprAya se likhe jAte the / phAgu paramparA meM sambhavataH marugurjara bhASA meM likhita yaha dUsarA phAgu hai / isase pUrva saM0 1341 meM racita 'jinacandasUriphAgu' sambhavataH prathama phAgu hai / itanA prAcIna hote hue bhI isakI bhASA para prAcInatA evaM apabhraMza kA anA 1. 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha' prathama racanA, aura zrI de0 - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR. 11 2. dekhie - nA0 pra0 patrikA varSa 59 aMka 1 zrI akSayacandra zarmA kA lekha 'siri thalabhaTTa phAgu paryAvalocana'

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 175 vazyaka prabhAva nahIM pratIta hotaa| isakI bhASA prasAda guNa ke sAtha mAdhurya guNa se bhI sampanna hai / zru timAdhurya ke lie anuraNAtmaka zabdoM kA apekSita prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ApakA adhikAMza jIvana kAla gujarAta meM vyatIta hone ke kAraNa ApakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai| udAharaNArtha 'zrIzatruJjayacaturviMzatistavana' kI antima paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'tiyaloya bhUsaNu daliya dusaNu bibuha tosaNa saMgau / iya mAya tApa sarIra lacchaNA, deha katihi satthau / sirimANa tuga vihAra saMThiu, sudha iTTiu jiNagaNo jiNa pauma sUri sUriMda vaMdiu, disau sukkhu gunnullunno|26|'' isameM prAyaH dohA aura rolA chaMdoM kA prayoga adhika pAyA jAtA hai| marugurjara kI AdikAlIna racanAoM meM sAhityika saundarya, caritra citraNa aura bhASA sauSThava kI dRSTi se jinapadmasUri kI prathama racanA 'thUlibhadda phAgu' kA mahatva asaMdigdha hai aura AlocakoM ke vIca vaha bahucarcita racanA hai| inakI dUsarI racanA kI prArambhika paMktiyAM khaMDita haiM phira bhI usakA yahA~ prathama chanda uddhata karake yaha vivaraNa samApta kiyA jAtA hai : 'jaga maMDaNa guNa pavaraM, sattujaya dharaNi rN| sahu sAraM bhavatAra, bhayavAra thuNisu jiNavari / 1 / ' jinaprabhasUri-Apa zvetAMbara sampradAya ke laghu kharataragaccha zAkhA ke AcArya zrI jinasiMhasUri ke ziSya the| Apa kharataragaccha ke mahAn zAsanaprabhAvaka AcArya ho gaye haiN| Apa saM0 1385 meM muhammada tugalaka se mile the aura vaha Apake vyaktitva se bar3A prabhAvita haA thaa| Apake garu jinasiMha sUri ne laghu kharataragaccha kA pravartana kiyA thA / A0 jinaprabhasUri asAdhAraNa pratibhAvAna aura saMskRta tathA prAkRta meM niSNAta vidvAn tathA 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 guru ka0 pR0 47 2. vahI 3, 'DhillayAM sAhi gahammadaM zakakulakSmApAla cUDAmaNi, yena jJAna kalA kalApa muditaM nirmAya SaTadarzanI', prAkAzyaM gamitA nijena yazasA sAkaM na sarvAgama, granthajJo jayatAn jinaprabha guruvidyAgurunaH sadA zrI mo0 da0 de0 (jaina sA0 no i0) pR0 419

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176 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa uccakoTi ke lekhaka the / Apane saM0 1327 meM prArambha karake saM0 1389 meM 'vividhatIrtha aparanAma kalpapradIpa' nAmaka graMtha ko pUrNa kiyA thaa| pratidina navIna stavana racanA inakA niyama thA ataH inake dvArA prAyaH sAta sau se bhI adhika stavana likhe gaye / kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa para vibhramaTIkA, vidhiprapA kalpasUtra para saMdehaviSauSadhi nAmaka vRtti, sAdhupratikramaNasUtravRtti AvazyakasUtrAvacUri, caturvidhabhAvanAkulaka, tapomatakuTTana Adi anekoM granthoM kA Apane praNayana kiyA hai| marugurjara meM Apane 37 padyoM kI eka choTI racanA 'padmAvatIcaupaI' likhI hai / isake alAvA marugurjara meM likhita Apake aneka stavana evaM gItAdi upalabdha haiM / saM0 1425 ke AsapAsa kI likhI eka saMgraha prati meM jinaprabhasUri ke kaI tIrtha stavana aura gIta mile haiN| padmAvatI cau0 bhairava padmAvatI kalpa nAmaka grantha ke pariziSTa saMkhyA 10 meM prakAzita ho cukI hai / isameM padmAvatI devI kI stuti caupAI chanda meM kI gaI thii| padmAvatI devI ke mAhAtmya kA varNana karatA haA kavi likhatA hai : 'baMjha nAri tuha paya jhApaMti, sura kumarovama putta lahaMti / niMdU naMdaNa jaNai cirAu,. duhava pAvai vallaha raau|33| citiya phala ciMtAmaNi maMti, tujjha pasAyiM phalai nipaMtu / tumma aNuggaha nara pikkhevi, sijjhai solaha vijjAevi / / isakA prathama padya isa prakAra hai :-- 'zrI jiNazAsaNu avadhAkAri, jhAyahu siri padamAvai devi / bhaviyaloya ANaMdayari dulahaU saveya jamma ladevi / paumAvai caupaiya par3hati, hoI purisa tihuaNa sirikaMti, ima pabhaNai niya jasa karpUra, surahI bhavaNa jiNappaha sUri / jina prabha sUri ne saM0 1385 pauSa sudI aSTamI zanivAra ko dillI meM muhammada zAha se mulAkAta kiyA; sultAna ne apane samIpa Asana diyA, jUlasa nikAlA gayA aura Apake upadeza se prabhAvita ho usane dharma kI prabhAvanA ke lie pharamAna nikaalaa| isake pUrva kutubudIna mubAraka zAha ko bhI prabhAvita karane kA ullekha milatA hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jaina gu. ka. bhAga 3, khaNDa 2 pR0 1475 2. vahIM

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12 meru-gurjara jaina sAhitya isakA antima 37vAM padya nimnAMkita hai| 'paumAvai caupaI paDhaMta, hoI purisa tihuyaNa sirikaMta / rambha bhai niya jasa kapUra, sUradIya bhavaNa jiNappaha sUri |37| # ApakA janma mohilavAr3I (jhuMjhunU ke pAsa ) saM0 1326 meM huA thA / Apake pitA zrImAla vaMza ke tAmba gotrIya zra eSThi zrI ratnapAla the aura ApakI mAtA kA nAma khetala devI thA / Apako saM0 1341 meM jinasiMha sUri ne AcArya pada pradAna kiyA / ApakA vihAra kSetra rAjasthAna, gujarAta, dillI, bihAra, uttara pradeza, paMjAba se lekara dakSiNa meM karnATaka aura tailaMga deza taka vyApaka thA kintu ApakA vizeSa kAryakSetra dillI aura devagiri rahA / ApakA anubhava vizada, vidvattA camatkArapUrNa aura bhASAjJAna vistRta thA / Apane apabhraMza meM vayarasvAmicaritra, mallicaritra Adi grantha likhe haiM / nAhaTA jI kA vicAra hai ki Apane saMskRta, prAkRta, apabraza aura marugurjara ke atirikta phArasI meM bhI kucha stavana Adi likhe the / Apake 75 se bhI adhika stotra Aja upalabdha haiM / ApakA kArya samaya saM0 1325 se sa0 1393 taka hai ataH saM0 1393 ke kucha bAda hI Apa svargastha hue hoMge / I Apake vyaktitva aura caritra para AdhArita kucha racanAyeM prApta haiM jinameM se tIna gIta 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita haiM / inakA nAma hai 'zrIjinaprabhasUrigItam' / inameM se prathama gIta meM mAtra 6 dvipadiyAM haiM / isameM jinasiMhasUripravartita laghukharataragaccha aura AcArya jinaprabhasUri kA dillI ke samrATa ko prabhAvita karane kI carcA hai / isa racanA meM Apake camatkAroM kA bhI varNana hai / isameM racanAkAra kA nAma aura racanA samaya Adi nahIM diyA gayA hai kintu isameM 'kharatari gaccha varddhamAnasUri, jiNesara sUri guro, abhayadevasUri, jiNavallahasUri jiNadatta jugapavaro, se lekara jinadevasUri aura jinamerusUri taka kA nAmollekha hone ke kAraNa yaha racanA 14vIM ke anta yA 15vIM zatI ke prArambha kI ho sakatI hai| isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : ' gIta pavItu jo gAyasu suguru paraMparaha, sayala samIhi sijhAhiM puhavihiM tasu naraha | " 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - 'paramparA' pR0 176 2. ai0 jaina kAvya saMgraha ( sAtavA~ gIta ) 177

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178 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dUsarA gIta bhI 6 chaMdoM kA hI hai| isameM bhI bAdazAha ke raMjana kI bAta kahI gaI hai / isakI kucha paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM : 'Asapati kutubuddIna mani raMjiu dIDheli jinaprabhasUrie / ekatihi mana sAsau pUchai, rAya maNoraha pUrIe / DhAla damAmA aru nIsANa gahiNa bAjai tuuraae| iNapari jiNaprabhasUri guru Avai saMgha maNoraha pUrAe / isa prakAra unakA dillI darabAra aura janatA meM apUrva prabhAva vyakta kiyA gayA hai| yaha racanA zAyada unake jIvanakAla kI hai| yaha prathama gIta se prAcIna hogI para isakI bhASA prathama gIta kI bhASA se adhika svaccha marugurjara hai| tIsarI racanA "jinaprabhasUrINAM gItam' 10 chaMdoM kI hai| bAdazAha ne sUrijI ke prabhAva se prasanna hokara jo sammAna kiyA aura pharamAna nikAlA thA usakA bhI isameM varNana kiyA gayA hai yathA : 'pUjivi suguru vastrAdikahi karivi sahithi nisANu / dei phuramANu anu kAravAi nava vasati rAya sujaannu|' yaha racanA sambhavataH muhammadazAha kI navIna 'vasati' ke praveza ke avasara para likhI gaI hogii| kavi kahatA hai : 'vAjahi paMca sabuda gahira sari, nAcahi tadaNa nAri / indu jama gaiMda sahitu guru Avai vasatihi majhAri / ' isakA antima padya isa prakAra hai :'sAnidhi paumiNi devi ima jagi juga jyvnto| naMdau jiNaprabha sUri guru saMjamasiri tnnukto|' ye racanAyeM jinaprabhasUri ke bhaktoM aura ziSyoM dvArA unakI prazaMsA meM likhI gaI haiM, ataH viSaya vastu kI punarAvRtti svAbhAvika hai| inameM adhika kAvyatva kI bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai kintu marugurjara kI sarala, bolacAla kI bhASA kI jAnakArI ke lie inakA bahuta mahatva hai, ataH inake vivaraNa-uddharaNa bhI A0 jinaprabhasUri ke vivaraNa ke sAtha denA Avazyaka samajhA gyaa| 1. ai0 jaina kAvya saMgraha

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 179 zrIdevacandrasUri -Apane 14vIM zatAbdI meM 'rAvaNa pArzvanAtha vinatI' nAmaka eka racanA 9 gAthAoM meM likhI hai| isake prArambha kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'rAvaNa maMDaNa pAsajina paNamau tUha paya sAmi / mahuyara ketikakusuma jima, maNa lINauM tuha nAmi / 1 / isakI antima gAthA bhI bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM uddhRta hai : 'kali kappaduma pAsa jiNa payaDau tuha paya seva, devacanda sUrippamuha, pAva paMka gaya leva / ca rAvaNamaMDaNa bhavamaya khaMDhaDaNa, pAsa jiNesara paya kamala / je tujha namasii bhattiI pasaMsai, te nara pAvaI suha amala / 9 / ' kavi ke sambandha meM anya vivaraNa jJAta nahIM ho sake haiN| isa prakAra kI kaI choTI racanAyeM prApta haiM jinake lekhaka kA nAma nahIM jJAta hai, unakA vivaraNa adhyAya ke anta meM diyA gayA hai / dharmakalaza-kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinaprabodha sUri ke Apa praziSya evaM jinacandra sUri ke ziSya the| ApakI eka racanA 'jinakuzalasUripaTTAbhiSekarAsa' saM0 1377 kI likhI huI 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai| isa rAsa meM guru paramparA kA guruoM kI vizeSatAoM ke sAtha ullekha kiyA gayA hai jaise kharatara upAdhi dhAraka jinezvarasUri ko 'durlabharAja kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ko parAsta kara 'vasati mArga prakAzaka' aura unake paTTadhara jinacandra ko saMvegaraMgazAlA kA kartA, abhayadevasUri ko 'navAGgIvattikartA' Adi kahA gayA hai| unake bAda krama se jinavallabhasUri, jinadattasUri, jinacandrasUri, jinapatisUri, jinezvarasUri jinaprabodhasUri aura jinacandrasUri ke paTTadhara jinakuzala sUri kA sammAnapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / yaha rAsa jinakuzala sUri ke padasthApanA mahotsava ke avasara para likhA gayA hai| yaha sthApanA mahotsava saM0 1375 meM huA thaa| ataH isakA racanAkAla saM0 1375 mAnA jA sakatA hai| ___maMtrI devarAja ke putra jelhe kI bhAryA jayazrI kI kukSi se Apa kA janma huA thaa| ApakA dIkSAnAma kuzalakIrti thaa| saM0 1377 meM jyeSTha kRSNa ekAdazI ko pATaNa meM bar3e mahotsava ke sAtha inheM jinacandrasUri ke paTTapara rAjendrasUri ne pratiSThita kiyA thaa| usI samaya ApakA nAma jinakuzalasUri 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 jaina kavi pR0 56

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180 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa par3A / mahotsava kA bhAra tejapAla - rudrapAla ne sa~bhAlA thaa| rAsa meM varNana hai - 'aNahili epura maMjhAri, naranArI jovaNa miliya / kiyau su tejau sAhu jasu evar3au ucchava liya / 2 usa avasara para 700 sAdhuoM aura 2400 sAdhviyoM ko vastra bheMTa kiyA thaa| ApakI racanA 'caityavaMdanakulaka' prakAzita ho cukI hai| prastuta paTTAbhiSekarAsa kA samaya racanA meM isa prakAra diyA gayA hai, teraha saya sattahattarai kinnaMga igArasi jiTTa | sura vimANu kiri maMDiyau naMdi bhuvaNi jiNidiTTha / isakI bhASA para apabhraMza kA kucha adhika prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai / isake prArambha kI catuSpadI udAharaNa ke rUpa meM Age uddhRta hai :'sayala - kuzala-kallANa-vallI, dharaNa saMti jiNesaru / paNa meviNa jiNacaMda sUri goyama samu gaNaharu / kavi sultAna kutubuddIna kI anukaMpA kA varNana karatA huA Age likhatA hai - kutubuddIna suratANa rAu, raMjiu sa maNoharu | afras jiNacandasUri sUrihiM siraseharu | 6 | pATotsava ke nimaMtraNa sabhI saMghoM ko kuMkumI patroM dvArA bheje gaye the'ta saMdha baryANi AnaMdiyau, jAlhaNa taNau malhAra / desa disataMra pAThavae kaMkuDalI suvicAra / ' isa kRti ke dUsare ghAta ke 24 veM chanda ke pazcAt ke chaMda do padoM ke haiM aura isase pUrva ke chanda catuSpadI haiM / isakI antima ( 38vIM) dvipadI nimnAGkita hai : 'guNi goyama guru yesu par3hahiM sunahiM je saMthaNahi / amarAura tahaM vAsu dhammiya dhammakalasu bhaNai / 38 pATotsava kA varNana sarala bhASA meM kiyA gayA hai / pATotsava ke kAraNa ghara-ghara meM maMgalakArI vAtAvaraNa chA gayA / isa sambandha meM eka uddharaNa nIce diyA jA rahA hai : 1. ai0 jai0 kAvya saMgraha pR0 19

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya ghari ghari e maMgalavAra, punna kalasa ghara ghari Thaviya / ghari ghari e vaMdaravAla, ghari ghari gUDI abhaviya / ' dharmasUri - ApakI kRti 'sametazikhara tIrthaM namaskAra' 14vIM zatAbdI kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai kintu inake sambandha meM antimarUpa se kucha nizcita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| eka 'dharma' nAmaka kavi ne saM0 1266 meM 'jaMbUsvAmirAsa' likhA, jo mahendrasUri ke ziSya the aura jinakA vivaraNa 13vIM zatAbdI meM diyA jA cukA hai| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne eka anya dharmasUri kA ullekha kiyA hai jinakA zAkambharI ke cauhAna nareza ne sammAna kiyA thA / unake ziSya AnaMdasUri tathA AnaMdasUri ke ziSya amaraprabhasUri the jinhoMne 'nibaddhatIrthamAlAstavana ( saM0 1323 ) likhA hai / prastuta racanA 'sameta - zikharatIrthaM namaskAra' ke lekhaka yahI dharmasUri ho sakate haiN| isakA eka udAharaNa dekhiye : 'iya sammeta giriMda vIsa je siddha jiNesara, moha guru tama timira pasara bhayaharaNa diNesara / te saMdhu aMtiya bhattirAi, supasAi mahAmuNi / 'dhammasUri' pAyANaditu, citiya suha je muNi / isameM kula ATha gAthAyeM haiM, isakI prathama gAthA isa prakAra hai 'asura amara kharida, paNamiya paya paMkaya / jasu siri bIsa jiNiMda, patta sAsaya paya saMpaya / vara acchara surasariya sarisu, taruvara sumaNohara / so samaya giriMda namau, titthaha sira seraha / ' 181 -: kavi ke sambandha meM adhika sUcanAyeM nahIM haiM, kintu yaha nizcitarUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki isakI bhASA marugurjara hai / bhASA ke AdhAra para ye AdikAlIna kavi hI pratIta hote haiM / sammetazikhara, zatruJjaya Adi tIrthoM para kaI ajJAta kaviyoM kI choTI-choTI kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM, ve saba isI samaya kI haiM / (maMtrI) dhArisiMha - ApakI racanA eka vizeSa kAvyarUpa ko lekara pAThakoM ke sammukha AtI hai / racanA kA nAma hai 'zrIneminAthadhula' | 'dhula' nAmaka kAvya vidhA kA namUnA kama milatA hai / yaha racanA bhI 14vIM zatAbdI kI hI hai / isameM neminAma kI stuti kI gaI hai / isakI bhASA 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'paramparA' 169 aura jaina gu0 ka0 pR0 50

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182 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prAcIna marugurjara hai jisameM yatratatra apabhraMza ke zabda prayoga mile jule haiM / bhASA ke namUne ke lie kucha paMktiyA~ Age uddhRta kI jA rahI haiN| pahale isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM : 'sahaja salUNar3I nAri milIasa tevar3a tevar3Ie / rAulA ghara bAri, nemikumAra vara joyatIe |1| pUcchaDa pUcchai rAjakumAri kahina bahina bara kimu huu e / saNautamhi sahiya vicAri, jiNa parivara maI pAmiu e / " isake antima padya meM kavi ne apane nAma ke sAtha maMtri zabda kA prayoga svayam kiyA hai; kintu vizeSa vivaraNa jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai / iNa pari nemi kumAra, guNa gAI savi kAmiNI e / rANIya rAjimatI bhattAra, maMtri dhArisiMgha svAmiNI e / padma yA pauma --- - Apa 14vIM zatAbdI ke uttama kaviyoM meM gine jAte / ApakI tIna racanAyeM - ( 1 ) neminAthaphAgu saM0 1370, (2) sAlIbhadra kakka aura (3) dUhAmAtRkA - prakAzita haiM / inameM se neminAthaphAgu to prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita hai aura do racanAyeM 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita haiM / neminAthaphAgu kA prArambha vaMdanA - maMgala caraNa ke bAda vasaMta Rtu ke varNana se kiyA gayA hai aura 10vIM kar3I taka vaha calatA hai / 11vIM kar3I meM kavi rAjula aura nemi kA saMkSipta ullekha karake phAgu samApta kara detA haiM / vasaMta Rtu meM gurjara deza kI ramaNI kI zobhA kA zRMgArika rUpa varNana karatA huA kavi padma kahatA hai : 'pINa payohara apacchara gUjara dharatoya nAri, phAgu khelai te phari phari nemi jiNesara bAri / siri sIMdUrIya sayathalau bhamaramAlA jisI vANI, phAgu khelai mana raMgihi haMsagamaNi mRganayaNi / 2 phAga kA antima chanda draSTavya hai jisakI bhASA sarala evaM saMgItamaya hai'haMsa sarovara jima milyA mahuyara jima baNarAya, pauma bhaNai tima sAmia calaNe bhujjha manu jAya / ' 1. zrI a ca0 nAhaTA - ma0 gu0 jaina kavi pR0 55 2. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 53 aura jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pRSTha 11 tathA bhAga 3 pRSTha 406

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 183 revaMtagiri raliyAmaNau soha ra sukhara sAra, bhaviyA bhAvihi paNabhayau jima pAmau bhavapAra / 14 / sAlibhadrakakka meM zAlibhadra ke saMyamazrI dhAraNa karane kI sundara DhaMga se carcA kI gaI hai| isa racanA meM racanAkAra kA samaya tathA usakI garuparamparA Adi nahIM dI gaI hai| isameM zAlibhadra dvArA apanI mAtA se saMyama grahaNa karane ke lie Agraha aura mA~ dvArA usakI kaThinAiyA~ batAkara unheM isase virata rakhane kA prasaMga bar3A mArmika hai| isakI bhASA meM gajarAtI zabdarUpa adhika milate haiN| isakA prArambhika padya draSTavya hai 'mali maMjaNu kammAribala vIranAhu paNamevi, pauma bhaNai kakka kariNa sAlibhadda gnnkei| 'gArava vajjiya vinnavauM maggau maai| jai mokalauM tau vratu liyau tumhai pAya psaaiN|' isameM 'mokalau' gujarAtI zabda aura jai, tai Adi anya prayoga draSTavya haiN| isameM pratyeka dohA varNamAlA ke akSara krama se calatA hai aura kRti kI samApti 'kSa' se Arambha hone vAle dohe se huI hai / isameM kula 71 chanda haiN| antima chanda isa prakAra hai :-- 'iha kahiyau kakkaha kulau ikahattari kaDuyAha, bhaviyau saMjamu maNi dharau par3hahu guNahu~ nisuNehu / 71 / isakI tIsarI kRti 'dUhAmAtRkA' meM kula 57 dohe haiM / ina dohoM dvArA dharma sambandhI upadeza diyA gayA hai| isake prathama dohe meM jinavaMdanA hai, yathAH 'bhale bhale viNa jagata guru paNamauM jagaha pahANa / jAsu pasAiM mUr3ha jiya pAvai nimmala nANu / ' aura antima dohA isa prakAra hai 'maMgala mahAsiri sarisu sivaphala dAyaku ramma / dUhAmAI akkhiyai paumihiM jiNavara dhammu / ' 57 / ' kavi zarIra kI kSaNa bhaMguratA kA saMdeza detA huA likhatA hai 'uppala dala jalavidu jiva tiva caMcalu taNu lacchi, dhaNu dekhatA gAisa e dai mana melata acchi / ' 1. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha pR0 63 2. vahI pR. 67 3. vahI pa0 71

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184 __ maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa parAyA doSa dekhane vAle mUrkha ko sambodhita kara kavi kahatA hai 'aNahaMtA payaDesi taha dosa parAyA mar3ha, niya dosaNa pavvaya sarisa te savi kArisa gUr3ha / ' __isa prakAra kI sarala bolacAla kI bhASA meM sAmAnya logoM kI taraha upadeza diyA gayA hai| mAtRkA eka vizeSa prakAra kA kAvya rUpa hai jo bAraha khar3I para AdhArita hai isameM varNakrama se dohoM ko rakhA jAtA hai| isameM bhI 'a' se calakara 'kSa' para racanA samApta hotI hai| yaha bhI kakka kI hI zailI kI racanA hotI hai isIlie zAyada kakka kA nAma dharmamAtRkA bhI hai| ina donoM meM dharmAcaraNa kA upadeza hai kintu atyanta sarala evaM grAhya hai| padmaratna-ApakI racanA 'zrI jinaprabodha sUri varNana' meM 10 gAthAyeM haiM / isake Adi padya meM jinaprabodha sUri kI mAM siriyA devI aura unakI janmabhUmi kA vandana kiyA gayA hai yathA : 'puhavi pahANai thArAudri dhaNa kaNaya samiddha e| jAyau jo jagisAru zrIcanda kuli gayaNi bhANu siriyA devi -kukkhi uppannau guNaha bhaMDAru (1) isakA antima padya isa prakAra hai 'esau guru jiNa prabodha sUri jo paNamae, avicala bhAvihiM jo sumarei / 'paumarayaNa' muni ima bhaNai somaNa vaMchi u phalo dulaho turi ulahei / '1 inakI bhASA meM kAvyocita laya-pravAha kI kamI hai kintu bhASA svAbhAvika marugurjara hai| prajJAtilaka -saM0 1363 meM racita 'kacchulIrAsa' prasiddha aitihAsika racanA hai / isake lekhaka prajJAtilaka kahe jAte haiM kintu yaha sarvathA nirvivAda nahIM hai| yaha racanA koraMTA (jodhapura) meM huii| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke AdikAla meM likhA hai ki saM0 1368 meM prajJAtilaka ke samaya meM racita kacchulIrAsa prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA maru-gurjara jaina kavi pR0 25-26

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185 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya hai|'' isase lagatA hai ki unake samaya ise kisI ne bhI likhA hogA kintu prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM ise prajJAtilaka kRta kahA gayA hai aura zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne bhI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 meM prajJAtilaka kI racanA batAyA thA kintu bhAga 3 meM unhoMne ise unake kisI ziSya kI racanA batAkara lekhaka para praznavAcaka cihna lagA diyA hai ataH yaha sarvathA nizcita na hote hae bahamata prajJAtilaka ke sAtha hai aura yahA~ isa rAsa ko unakI kRti ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / ___ agnikuDa se utpanna paramAra vaMzIya rAjapUtoM ke zAsana kAla meM AbUgiri kI talahaTI meM kacchalIpUrI nAmaka eka nagarI thI jahA~ dharmazIla loga nivAsa karate the| isI kacchulI grAma meM vidhimArgIya zrI prabhari (dharmavidhi prakaraNa ke kartA) ke ziSya mANikaprabha ne pArzva jinamaMdira kI sthApanA karAI thii| isa rAsa meM usI kacchalIpUrI kA varNana hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma kacchulI rAsa par3a gayA hai| isake prArambha meM pArzva jina kI vandanA kI gaI hai : 'gaNavai jo jima durIu vihaDaMNa, rola nivAraNa tihuyaNa maMDaNa, paNabhavi sAmIu pAsa jiNa / anala kuMDa saMmati paramAra rAja karai tahiM che savicAra, AbU girivaru tahiM pvro|' isameM mANikaprabhasUri aura udayasiMha sUri kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 'mANika pahu sUrinAmU zrIya sUri pratIchIu, kachulIpuri pAsa jiNa bhUyaNi ahiNiu, yA 'udayasiMha sUri kIu nAma nAcaMti e nArigaNa gacchamaru sayala smpiije|' anta meM racanAkAla aura kucha anya vivaraNa isameM diyA gayA hai :'kamala sUri nia pATi saI hAthi prajJAsUri ThavIo, SamIu SamAvIu jIva aNasaNi AvA sUdhu kiio| x jiNa sAsaNi nahacaMdu suhaguru bhavIyahaM kalapataro tA jage jayavaMta UmhAu jA jagi Ugau shskro| 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA paramparA pa0 174 2. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha pR0 59

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186 tere trisaThai rAsu koraMTAvaDi nimmiu, jiNahari dita sumaMta mANavaMchiya puravau / " maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isameM kaI sUcanAyeM haiM / prathama yaha ki prajJAsUri ko kamala sUri ne apane paTTa para pratiSThita kiyA thA / dUsare yaha ki yaha rAsa saM0 1364 meM likhA gayA aura tIsare yaha ki yaha rAsa koraMTA meM racA gayA thaa| isakI bhASA prasAda guNa sampanna marugurjara hai / yaha choTA rAsa hai / isameM kacchulI gA~va kA bar3A manorama varNana kiyA gayA hai / kavi kahatA hai ki isa nagarI meM himagiri ke samAna dhavala pArzva jina kA mandira hai / yahA~ ke zrAvaka mANika prabhasUri kI bhakti karate haiM / unake paTTadhara udayasiMha sUri hue jinhoMne 'piMDa vizuddhi vivaraNa' nAmaka grantha likhA / unake paTTa para kamalasUri aura kamalasUri ne apane paTTa para prajJAsUri ko pratiSThita kiyA / inhIM prajJAsUri ke ziSya prajJAtilaka ne yaha rAsa koraTAvADa meM likhA thA / ataH jaba taka koI puSTa pramANa yaha siddha karane ke lie na mile ki yaha racanA prajJAtilaka kI nahIM hai ise prajJAtilaka kI racanA mAnanA hI yukti saMgata pratIta hotA hai / pheru ( Thakkura ) - Apa kannANA ( rAjasthAna) nivAsI the aura kharataragacchIya jinacandra sUri ke bhakta zrAvaka the / Apake pitA zrI candra Thakkura ghAMghiyA gotrIya zreSThi the / Apa alAuddIna khilajI ke rAjyAdhikArI the, aura prAyaH dillI meM rahate the / Apane apane anubhava ke AdhAra para dravya parIkSA, vAstusAra aura gaNitasAra Adi racanAyeM prAkRta meM likhIM / ApakI sAta racanAoM kA sampAdana munijinavijaya ne 'ratnaparIkSAdi sapta grantha saMgraha ' nAma se kiyA hai / ApakI adhikatara racanAyeM prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM racI gaI haiM / marugurjara meM inakI prathama prApta racanA saM0 1347 meM likhita 'zrI yuga pradhAna catuSpadikA' hai| isake alAvA saM0 1376 meM likhita 'gurAvalI' kI bhASA kA mUlAdhAra marugurjara hai kintu apabhraMza kA prabhAva usa para apekSAkRta adhika hai / yuga pradhAna catuSpadikA (28 gAthA) kI racanA kannANa meM huI hai / yaha racanA rAjasthAna bhAratI varSa 6 aMka 4 meM prakAzita hai / isake prArambha kI paMktiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM -- 'sayala surAsura vaMdiya pAya, vIranAha paNamavi jaga tAya / sumare viNu siri sarasai devi, jugavara cariu bhaNisu saMkhevi / ' 1. prA0 gu0 kA0 saM0 pR0 62

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 187 isakI antima paMktiyoM meM lekhaka aura racanA se sambandhita mahattvapUrNa sUcanAe~ hai ataH unheM bhI Age uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai 'saMgha sahiu pheru ima bhaNai, ittiya juga pahANa jo thunni| par3hai guNai niya maNi sumarei, so sivapuri vara rajju karei / ' racanAkAla aura sthAna-teraha saitAlai maha mAsi, rAyasihara vANAriya pAsi / candra taNubhavi iya ca upaiya, kannANai guru bhattihi kahiya / antima aura 28 vAM chanda isa prakAra haiM 'suragiri paMcadIva sabbevi, caMda sUri gaha rikkha jivevi, rayaNayaradhara avicala jAma, saMghu cahuvivaha naMdau taam|1 isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki catuSpadikA meM yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri kA guNAnuvAda kiyA gayA hai aura isakI bhASA marugurjara hai tathA isameM caupaI chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| garAvalI meM guru paramparA kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai aura usakA sampradAya ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se kucha mahatva hotA hai / isameM guruoM kA guNa varNana kiyA jAtA hai| mahezvara sUri -- ApakI kRti 'saMyamamaMjarI' 35 dohoM kI choTI racanA hai jisameM racanA aura racanAkAra kA koI vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai paraMtu isakI hasta likhita prati saM0 1365 kI prApta hai ataH yaha isase pUrva kI racanA hogii| isI samaya kI likhita mahezvara sUri kRta 'kAlakAcArya kathAnaka' kI hasta likhita prati bhI prApta hai / ho sakatA hai ki ina kRtiyoM ke racanAkAra eka hI mahezvara sUri hoM jinakA samaya 13 vIM zatAbdI kA antima yA 14 vIM zatI kA prathama caraNa hogaa| itanA nizcita hai ki 'saMyamamaMjarI' kI racanA saM0 1365 se pUrva huI hogI, ataH usakA vivaraNa 14 vIM zatAbdI meM denA ucita lgaa| isameM saMyamita jIvana kA mAhAtmya evaM tatsambandhI upadeza diyA gayA hai / isameM pA~ca pApoM--hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna aura parigraha kI ghora nindA kI gaI hai aura logoM ko inase bacane kA sandeza diyA gayA hai| merutuGga - Apa nAgendragacchIya candraprabha sUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1361 meM barddhamAnapura ( var3havANA ) meM pA~casargoM meM vibhakta eka vizAla 1. nAhaTA, muru-gurjara jaina kavi pR0 26

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188 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kathAprabandha 'prabandha cintAmaNi' ke nAma se likhaa| jaina granthakAroM meM caritra likhane kI paddhati purAnI hai jinameM muMja, bhoja, siddharAja, kumArapAla jaise rAjAoM aura vastupAla, tejapAla, jagaDU Adi amAtyoM ke caritra likhe gaye haiN| 14 vIM zatAbdI meM usI prakAra kI mahAna racanA 'prabandhacintAmaNi' hai jisameM zAlivAhana, vanarAja ityAdi cAvaDA rAjAoM, mUlarAja, muMja, bhoja Adi anya rAjapUta rAjAoM kA vistRta evaM prAmANika varNana milatA hai / itihAsa ke sAtha tatkAlIna sAmAjika gatividhiyoM kA yaha prAmANika dastAveja hai / Adhunika vidvAn ise rAjataraMgiNI ke DhaMga kI vizvasanIya racanA mAnate haiM / gujarAta ke itihAsa ke lie to yaha eka akelA grantha hI paryApta hai| isake prathama sarga vikramAMka prabandha meM betAla, mahAkavi kAlidAsa, parakAyapraveza vidyA aura siddhasena divAkara Adi se sambandhita kathAyeM haiN| dUsare sarga meM bhoja tathA bhIma prabandha hai jisameM mAgha, dhanapAla, mayUra, vANa aura mAnatuMga Adi mahAn lekhakoM kA ullekha hai / tIsare sarga meM siddharAja prabandha hai jisameM mInalade, haimavyAkaraNa, rAmacandra, jayamaGgala Adi kA vivaraNa hai| cauthe sarga meM kumArapAla prabandha aura vastupAla tejapAla kA jIvanavRtta bhI hai| isake pAMcaveM sarga meM kaI sphuTa pravandha kathAyeM haiM jinameM paramadi, pRthvIrAja, bhartRhari, vAgbhaTTa, Adi kA ullekha hai / isa prakAra yaha tatkAlIna itihAsa kA vizvakoSa hai| isameM apabhraMza ke muktaka aura kahIM-kahIM marugurjara ke padya-dohe Adi bhI mila jAte haiN| yadyapi marugurjara sAhitya kI dRSTi se isakA utanA mahattva nahIM hai kintu jaina sAhitya meM isakA apratima sthAna hone ke kAraNa isakA yahA~ ullekha Avazyaka thaa| bhASA ke sandarbha meM isake dohe uddhata kie jA cuke haiM isalie yahA~ duharAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| marugUrjara kI racanA na hote hae bhI isameM tatkAlIna marugurjara kI bhASika sthiti kI acchI jhalaka milatI hai, ataH isa vizvavikhyAta racanA kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| muni jinavijaya aura zrI harivallabha bhayANI ne isakA sampAdana karake ise bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI se prakAzita karAyA hai / isake atirikta isa racanA ke anya saMskaraNa bhI prakAzita haiN| 'vicArazreNisthavirAvalI' Adi inakI anya racanAyeM bhI prApta haiM kintu ve sabhI apabhraMza yA prAkRta se sambandhita haiM, ataH marugurjara sAhityetihAsa meM unakA vivaraNa Avazyaka nahIM hai|

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 189 modamadira - Apa kharatara gacchIya kavi the / ApakI dIkSA saM0 1310 meM huI thIM / inhoMne 'caturviMzati jinacatuSpadikA' nAmaka 27 chandoM kI eka racanA kI hai jisakA racanAkAla 14 vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa mAnA jAtA hai / yaha racanA 'caupai' chandoM meM likhI gaI hai / 1 anya vivaraNa nahIM prApta ho sakA hai / 2 maMDalika- Apane saM0 1360 ke AsapAsa 'pethar3a rAsa '" kI racanA kI / 65 padyoM kI isa racanA meM poravADavaMzIya zrI pethaDa sAha kA caritra citrita kiyA gayA hai / zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarA ise saM0 1360 ke AsapAsa kI racanA mAnate haiM kintu zrI mo0 da0 desAI ise 15 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha kI racanA batAte haiM / mujhe zrI sAMDesarA kA mata isalie adhika samIcIna lagatA hai kyoMki rAsanAyaka saMghapati pethar3asAha 14 vIM zatAbdI ke mahApuruSa the aura ina para AdhArita racanA 14 vIM zatAbdI kI hI honI cAhiye / Apa caMDasiMha ke putra the / AbUtIrtha para sthita lUNigavasahI kA Apane jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA / Adi prastuta rAsa kI bhASA prabhAvazAlI marugurjara hai / bhASA ke udAharaNArtha isake Adi aura anta se kucha paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM"viNaya vayaNi vInavauM devi sAmiNi vAgesari / haMsagamaNi AkAza bhamaNi tihUyaNa paramesari / vIra jiNidaha namIya calaNa cauvihu zrI saMghahiM / kavaDa jakkha jakkhAdhirAja samarIya manaraMgihiM // " somanAtha cadapaha vaMdIya dekhIu valIu jAma / diu pIyANaM hivamana rahisau, maMDalika bhaNaiimi // tahi nAcina 0 diu pIyANaM vegi tahiM harIyAlA sUDA re sUravAhe saMpatta manIlA sUDA re / prAgvATa vaMza mauktika vya0 pethaDa rAsa samApta | 3 anta jaina samAja meM eka anya pethaDa kumAra yA pRthvIdhara kI bhI bar3I khyAti hai jo upakeza vaMzIya deda nAmaka baniyA ke putra the, parantu suvarNa siddhi yoga kI prApti se deda bar3e sampanna ho gaye the / inake suputra pethaDa bar3e 1. zrI 40 ca0 nA0 'paramparA' pR0 173 2. prA0 gu0 kA0 saMgraha, pR0 159 para prakAzita / 3. zrI mo0 da0 desAI -- jai0 gu0 ka0 1 pR0 36

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190 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dAnI tathA AcAravAn the / inhoMne kaI pustaka bhaNDAra aura jinAlaya Adi banavAye tathA bar3A yaza arjita kiyA thA / inakA putra jhAjhar3a bar3A prasiddha vyApArI aura samAja ye avanti pradezAntargata nAndurI ke nivAsI the / sukRtasAgara meM inakA vivaraNa upalabdha hai | " hitaiSI vyakti thA / ratnamaMDana maNi ke I raha ( rAja siMha ) ApakI prasiddha racanA 'jiNadatta caritra' saM0 1354 meM likhI gaI hai / kavi ne svayam racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA hai" saMvata teraha se cauvaNNe bhAdava sudi paMcama guru diNNe / svAti nakhata caMdu tulastI kavai ralhu paNavai surasatI / 28| 2 sarvaprathama rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstrabhAMDAroM kI granthasUcI bhAga 4 meM usake sampAdaka DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ne isake hastalikhita prati kI sUcanA dI thI / yaha prati jayapura ke digambara jaina mandira pATaudI ke zAstra bhaNDAra se upalabdha huI / usI prati ke AdhAra para isa kRti kA sampAdana DaoN0 kAsalIvAla aura DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta ne kiyA hai / lipikAra ne ise kathA aura caupai nAma diyA hai aura kavi 'ralha' ne ise carita, purANa aura caupai kahA hai / jaina carita kAvyoM meM jIvanacaritra aura kathA - AkhyAyikA ke lakSaNoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai ataH ise caritrakAvya hI kahanA ucita hai / isakI kula padya saMkhyA 543 hai | kathAnAyaka jiNadatta kI kathA jaina sAhitya meM lokapriya rahI hai / isakI carcA prAkRta koSa 'abhidhAna rAjendra' meM aura nemicandra ke ziSya sumatigaNa kI prAkRta racanA meM huI hai / saMskRta meM AcArya guNabhadra kRta jinadatta caritra aura apabhraMza meM kavi lAkhU ( lakSmaNa ) kRta jiNa dattakahA (saM0 1257 ) prApta haiM / ralha ne inhIM ke AdhAra para jiNadatta kA caritra caupai chanda meM prastuta kiyA hai / kavi ne likhA hai "mai joyauM jiNadatta purANu, lAkhu virayau aisa pamANu / " ralha ke bAda bhI isakI paramparA calatI rahI aura rayadhU, guNasamudra sUri tathA bakhtAvara siMha Adi kaviyoM ne isa para AdhArita apanI racanAyeM likhIM / 1. mo0 da0 desAI - jaina sA0 no itihAsa pR0 430 2. kavi ke pitA kA nAma abhai yA Ate aura mAtA kA nAma sirIA thA / ve jaisavAla jAti ke zrAvaka the / kavi kA nAma ralha aura rAjasiMha donoM milatA hai / de0 - jinadattacarita sa0 DaoN0 kAsalIvAla evaM DaoN0 mAtAprasAda gupta /

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191 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya isakA saMkSipta kathAnaka isa prakAra hai| magadha deza meM vasantapura ke nagaraseTha kA pautra jinadatta bar3A yogya evaM sundara thA / vaha kaI pradezoM vizeSatayA siMhala dvIpa Adi kI yAtrAyeM karatA hai aura kaI sundariyoM se vivAha karatA tathA atula sampatti prApta karatA hai| isake kathAnaka meM bhI cAmatkArika ghaTanAoM aura alaukika kAryoM kA bAhulya hai| yaha romAMcaka kathAkAvya paramparA kI eka mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai| aisI kathAoM meM kathAnAyakoM kA caritra adbhuta zaurya, alaukika pratibhA aura cAmatkArika zaktiyoM se sampanna dikhAyA jAne kI rUr3hi pracalita ho gaI thii| aisI racanAoM ke prArambha meM vIra, zrRMgAra se sambandhita yuddha aura vivAha Adi kI aneka ghaTanAyeM aura unake pazcAt nAyaka ko apane pUrvabhavoM kA jJAna, antataH vairAgya tathA saMyama sAdhanA dvArA nirvANa kI prApti kA varNana karanA inakI badhI badhAI paripATI thii| bhASA --jiNadatta carita kI bhASA ko purAnI hindI yA marugurjara kahanA ucita hai| bhUmikA meM vidvAn sampAdakadvaya ne likhA hai :-- "jiNadatta carita kI bhASA ko hama purAnI hindI ke nAma se sambodhita kara sakate haiN|"1 apabhraMza evaM Adhunika bhASAoM ke bIca kI bhASAsthiti kA paricaya dene vAlI racanAoM meM isakA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ___ kAvya rUpa kI dRSTi se yaha eka carita kAvya hai jisakA nAyaka seTha jiNadata dhIrodAtta, vIra, sAhasI evaM aneka sadguNoM se sampanna hai / apane parAkrama se vaha rAjA banatA hai kintu anta meM saMyama dhAraNa karake mAnavajIvana kA paramalakSya-nirvANa prApta karatA hai| rasoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para isameM zrRMgAra sambandhI kaI sundara sthala milate haiM jaise vilAsamatI kA saundarya varNana, siMhaladvIpa kI rAjakumAriyoM kA rUpavarNana Adi / isI prakAra aneka yuddhoM ke bIca vIra rasa kA bhI acchA paripAka jagaha-jagaha huA hai / prAkRtika saundarya varNana, videza yAtrA varNana, sAmAjika jIvana kA varNana Adi kaI uttama varNanAtmaka sthala haiN| zrRMgAra varNana kA eka namUnA dekhiye :-- "caMpAvaNNI sohai deha, gala kaMdalaha tiNNi jasu reha / pINatthaNi jovvaNamayasAra ura poTI kaDiyala vitthAra / " kAvya meM kahIM kahIM kavi ne apanA nAma bhI diyA hai yathA :-- "nAda vinoda kathA AgalI, pahirI rayaNa jaDI kaMculI / iku tahi asthi deha kI kiraNI avara 'ralha' pahirai AbharaNI / / " 1. jiNadattacarita 'bhUmikA' pR0 23

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maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa varNanoM meM vasaMtapura meM basane vAle 24 'va' kAroM kA varNana, vRkSa-vanaspatiyoM kA varNana bhI manohara hai yathA : " vaNiku vaMbhaNa vaida vAsITha, vADhai, vesA, varuDa vaMdarAvivArI vihArahaM / 192 'taha vasaMtapura ralha kai chai cauvIsa vakAra / 37 / isakA antima chanda nimnalikhita hai : " jo jiNadatta kau suNai purANu. tisako hoi NANu nivvANu / ajara amara paulahai niruttu, cavai ralha abhai kau puttu / gaya sattAvana chahasaya mAMhi, punnavaMta ko chApai chAMha / takku purANa suNiu nau sattha, bhaNai ralhU hau Na muNau atthu / " arthAt chaha sau meM 57 chanda kama kula 543 chanda saMkhyA hai ise jo sunegA vaha nizcita ajara amara pada prApta karegA / raha ne apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai : " jaisavAla kuli uttama jAti, vAIsai pAula utapAti / paMcaUliyA Ate kaupUtu, kavai ralhu jiNadatta caritu / "1 muni rAjatilaka - Apa jinaprabodha sUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1332 meM 35 padyoM kI eka choTI racanA 'zAlibhadra rAsa' likhA / isameM zAlibhadra ke bhogI se yogI banane kI preraNAspada kathA kahI gaI hai / zAlibhadra rAjagRhI kA eka sampanna zreSThI thA / vaha bar3A vilAsI thA kintu anta meM bar3A saMyamI bana gayA thA / isakI bhASA meM rAjasthAnI prayogoM kI adhikatA hai / yaha jainayuga varSa 2 meM prakAzita racanA hai / hindI sAhitya ke vRhad itihAsa ke khaMDa 3 meM ise pR0 322 para muni rAjatilaka kI racanA kahA gayA hai / rAjatilaka jinaprabodhasUri ke ziSya batAye gaye haiM / zrI agara canda nAhaTA aura zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne apane graMthoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / zrI bha~varalAla nAhaTA ne pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke svarNajayantI ke aksara para rAjasthAnI evaM hindI jaina sAhitya kI goSThI kI adhyakSatA karate hue zAlibhadrarAsa ( saM0 1332 ) ko jinaprabodha sUri kI racanA batAyA hai / " cU~ki nAhaTA jI ne aisA koI AdhAra nahIM diyA hai jisase yaha racanA munirAja tilaka ke bajAya unake guru jinaprabodha sUri kI siddha ho aura 1. hindI sA0 kA bR0 itihAsa bhAga 3 pR0 403 2. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama svarNa jayantI smArikA pR0 43

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maru gurjara jaina sAhitya na kahIM anyatra aisA ullekha mujhe mila sakA hai ataH sahasA use svIkAra karanA kaThina hone ke kAraNa ise munirAjatilaka ke nAma para hI rahane diyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA kA namUnA yA uddharaNa nahIM prApta ho sakA kintu bRhad itihAsa meM ise marugurjara kI racanAoM ke sAtha parigaNita kiyA gayA hai ataH yaha marugurjara kI racanA mAnI gaI hai| zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ne ise rAjasthAnI kI racanA kahA hai| rAjakIti-ApakI racanA 'cauvIsajinastavana (gAthA 25) 14 vIM zatAbdI kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai, kintu zrI desAI ne rAjakIrti ke nAma ke Age prazna cihna lagA kara chor3a diyA hai aura unase sambandhita koI vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| unhoMne nAhaTAjI ke pAsa surakSita eka prAcIna prati ke havAle se isake Adi aura anta ke padya uddhRta kiye haiM jinheM yayAvat yahA~ uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai-- Adi "ujjvala kevala nANadhara, risahesara tuha pAya / paya diNa paNamau~ jema mujjhu iya nimmala hui kAya / " anta "iya prAsAdihi thuNiyamai, je save majjhAra / ca uvIsavi jiNa kuNausiva, rAi~kitti vitthAra / 25 / " ina do padyoM ke AdhAra para itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha racanA marugurjara kI hai| rAjavallabha-zrI hariprasAda gajAnana 'harIza' ne 'gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI ko dena' nAmaka pustaka meM rAjavallabha kI kRti 'thalibhaddaphAga' kA ullekha kiyA hai aura isakA racanAkAla saM0 1340 batAyA hai|' kavi aura usakI kavitA ke sambandha meM unhoMne koI sUcanA nahIM dI hai| anya sAhityetihAsa granthoM meM bhI sambandhita vivaraNa upalabdha na ho sakane ke kAraNa samprati yaha sUcanA mAtra hI preSita hai| rAmabhadra-ApakI racanA 'zAntinAthakalaza' ( 10 gAthA ) ko zrI nAhaTAjI ne 14 vIM zatAbdI kI kRti batAyA hai| unhoMne isake Adi aura anta ke padya hI uddhRta kiye haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-0 gu0 R0 bhAga 3 khaNDa 1 pR0 407 2. DaoN. harIza, gu0 ja0 kaviyoM kI hindI ko dena, pR0 257

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ma gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa "asura surinda narinda viMda, vaMdiya paya paumaha / santi jiNaMdaha nvahaNa samau, vajjiya chala chaDamaha / avara kajja sAvajja savvi, vajjiya kaya punnaha / navau kalasu hauM bhaNisu tuhi, bhaviyahu Apannahu 191 " isake antima do chanda nimnalikhita haiN| - 2 "dappaNa bhaddAsaNa naMdivatta, sirivaccha maccha taha kalasa jutta / vara vaddhamANa satthiya visiTTha, jiNa purao vihi iya maMgalaTTha | iya santi jidaha uvari giridaha, amaraihi kiuvanhavaNu jima, tiva tumhivi nhAvau jima suhu pAvau, rAmabhaddu pabhaNei ima / " bhAvaka lakhamasI - ApakI kRti 'jinacandrasUrivarNanArAsa' saMvat 1341 ke AsapAsa kI likhI 47 padyoM kI racanA kA ullekha DaoN0 harIza ne kiyA hai| jinacandra sUri kA AcArya kAla saM0 1341 se 1376 taka svIkRta hai / ataH racanA nizcaya hI 14 vIM zatAbdI kI hogI / isameM A0 jinacandra sUri ke janma, dIkSA, padotsava ke bAda anta meM guru paramparA kA varNana hai / isake Adi aura anta ke padya uddhRta haiM" pAsa jiNesara vItarAhu, paNama viNumatti / kara joDati suya devi namivi kArau vinnatti / Adi cariu raisu maNi rAyahaMsu pahu jiNacaMda sUri / nahu~ bhaviyahu bhAvasAru gaya kalimala dUri |91' anta "juga pahANa pahu jiNacaMda sUri, payaThau niya payAva jasu pUri / lakkhama sIhu vannavai avadhAri, amha hiva daggai gamaNu nivAri // 47|" lakkhaNa ne vi0 saM0 1313 meM apane AzrayadAtA mantrI kRSNa Agraha para 'aNuvayarayaNapaiu' kI racanA kI hai| isameM zrAvakoM ke pAlana karane yogya aNuvratoM aura gRhastha dharma ke niyamoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / nAnA vratoM kA mahattva prakaTa karane ke lie sarasa zailI meM nAnA kathAyeM kahI gaI haiM, kintu yaha racanA nizcaya hI apabhraMza kI hai ataH isakA vizeSa vistAra apekSita nahIM hai / inakI eka choTI racanA 'candana chuTTI kahA' bhI prApta hai kintu usakI bhASA bhI apabhraMza hI hai / lAkha ( lakSmaNa deva ) - Apane 4 saMdhiyoM meM 'miNAha cariu' kI racanA kI hai jisakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1510 kI prApta hai ataH yaha 194 Adi 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, maru gu0 je0 kavi pR0 42-43 2. DaoN0 harIza - ' AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya zodha' pR0 256

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 195 racanA avazya hI 14 vIM zatAbdI kI hogii| yaha kavi mAlavA ke goNaMda kA nivAsI aura zrI rayaNadeva kA putra thA / yaha cariu 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke caritra para AdhArita hai| isameM rAjImatI kI viyoga dazA kA mArmika varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM dharma-upadeza ke sAtha nagaroM kA varNana evaM viyoga varNana mukhya rUpa se su dara bana par3A hai| isakI bhASA para apabhraMza kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai / isameM mukhya rUpa se apabhraMza ke chandoM-paddhaDiyA, dhattA ityAdi kA adhika prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kathA suparicita hai| neminAtha bali pazuoM ko dekha virakta ho jAte haiM aura tapazcaryA ke lie cale jAte haiN| rAjImatI viraha se vyAkula ho tar3apane lagatI hai| isameM upadezAtmaka sthala paryApta haiM phira bhI kAvyAtmaka sthaloM se yaha achutI racanA nahIM hai| isakI bhASA kA udAharaNa dekhiye : "jasu gehi aNNu tasu arui hoi, jasu bhojasatti tasu saguNa hoi| jasu dANa chAhu daviNu gatthi, jasu daviNa vAsu ai lohu atthi / jasu mayaNa rAu tasu Natthi bhAma, jasu bhAma tAsu ucchavaNa kAma / "1 isakI bhASA meM kucha apabhraMza kA puTa hote hue bhI prasAdaguNa sampanna evaM sarasa bhASA hai| isameM subhASitoM aura sUktiyoM kA samAveza karake kavi ne bhASA ko adhika prabhAvazAlI banA diyA hai| lakSmItilaka upAdhyAya --Apa kharataragacchIya AcArya zrI jinezvara sUri ke ziSya aura abhayatilaka ke anuja tathA gurubhAI the| Apa bar3e vidvAn evaM uttama kavi the| Apane saM0 1311 meM 10130 zlokoM kA bRhad kAvya 'pratyekabuddhacaritra' pAlaNapura meM likhaa| ApakI dUsarI kRti zAntinAthadevarAsa saM0 1313 meM likhI gaI jisakI kula padya saMkhyA 60 hai| Apane saM0 1317 meM 'zrAvakadharmaprakaraNabRhatvRtti' jAlaura meM likhI jisameM 15131 zloka haiN| inameM se zAntidevarAsa hI marugurjara kI racanA hai| isa rAsa meM 16 veM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kA caritra saMkSepa meM kintu sundara DhaMga se kahA gayA hai| A0 jinapati sUri ne saM0 1258 meM 'uddharaNa kArita zAnti jinAlaya' kI pratiSThA kher3anagara meM kI thii| saM0 1313 meM udaya siMha ke rAjyakAla meM A0 jinezvara sUri ne jAlaura meM zAnti jinAlaya kI pratiSThApanA kii| usI aitihAsika ghaTanA para yaha rAsa AdhArita hai| ataH isakI racanA saM0 1313 yA ThIka usI ke 1. hi0 sA0 kA0 0 iti0 bhA0 3 pR0 265 (nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI)

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196 maru gujara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AsapAsa huI hogI / yaha rAsa jAlaura ke zAnti jinAlaya meM abhinIta bhI kiyA gayA thA jisakA AdhAra nimna paMktiyA~ haiM "je saMtI sarabAri pari naccahi gAyahi vividha, tAha hou savivAra, khelA khelI khema kuzala // 57 // aihurAsu jediti khelA khelI ai kuzala, baMbha saMti taha saMti, meghanAdu vikhetala karala 1960 ehurAsu vahu bhAsu, lacchi tilaya jiNi nimmayau, te lahaMti sivavAsu, jeniyamaNi UlaTi diyahiM / 59 // mahi kAmiNi ravi iMdu kuMDala juyaliNa jAsa hai, tAma saMti jiNa iMdu anuiya rAsu viciru jayau // 60 // 3 --- rAsa se sambandhita kucha anya paMktiyA~ Age uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM : " jAlauri udayasiMha rajji sovanagiri, uvarisse saMti ThAviu jiNesara, surI pavara pAsAya majhaMmi saMvacchare phaguNa siya cautthi terahai terUttare |48" arthAt yaha rAsa udayasiMha ke samaya saM0 1313 phAguna caturthI ko likhA gayA / isa rAsa kI bhASA ko zrI nAhaTAjI ne rAjasthAnI kahA hai / rAjasthAna meM racanA hone ke kAraNa isakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI prabhAva bhale hI jyAdA ho para isakI bhASA vastutaH marugurjara hI hai / prAcIna rAsoM kA laghu AkAra nRtya aura abhinaya ke lie suvidhAjanaka hotA thA / yaha rAsa bhI usI prakAra kA laghukAya hone ke kAraNa abhinIta huA hogA / yaha rAsa sammelana patrikA ke 47 / 4 bhAga meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / vastiga yA vastibha - zrI nAhaTAjI ne lekhaka kA nAma vastibha likhA hai kintu zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inheM vastiga yA vastupAla batAyA hai yaha prArambha meM hI spaSTa kara diyA jAya ki ye vastupAla ( vastiga ) prasiddha: amAtya vastupAla nahIM ho sakate kyoMki ve 13 vIM zatAbdI meM ho gaye / unakA samaya saM0 1275 se 1303 taka mAnA jAtA hai jaba ki prastuta vastiga 14 vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiM / inakI racanA bIsa viharamAna rAsa ( stava ) saM0 1368 mAha zudI 5 zukravAra ko likhI gaI hai| rAsa ke Adi meM svayam lekhaka ne racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA hai :-- viharamAna titthayara pAya kamala nameviya, kevaladhara dunni koDi 4 savi sAdhu jiNa cauvIsai pAya namesuM, gusyAM sahi guru bhatti karesuM / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'paramparA' 168 ( yaha rAsa nAhaTAjI ke saMgraha meM sa0 1493 kI likhita prati meM surakSita hai ) namevia /

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197 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya samariya sAmiNi sArada devi, par3hisiuM jiNa vIsai saMkhevi / saMvat tera aThasaTui mAha masavADai, pA~cami huI zukravArahi pahilau pkhvaaddr| iya Arambhiya abhinava rAso jima huI bhamaNa maraNa viNAso / mujha mUrakha navi bolavA DhAUM, puNa guruyAM zrI saMgha psaau||1 isakI antima paMkti isa prakAra hai :'loTA gaNe bastiga bhaNai o nare, sAmi vInatI avadhArI / karma naTAvai nacAvIuM nare, caudaha rajjaha majhAri / / yaha racanA 'janayuga' pu0 saM0 5 pR0 438 para prakAzita hai| vastiga ke nAma se kucha aura racanAyeM bhI milI haiM inameM se cihaMgati cau0 kAphI prasiddha kRti hai, kintu isakA racanA kAla nizcita na hone se zrI mo0 da0 desAI ise 15 vIM zatAbdI kI racanA batAte haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki unakA yaha anumAna isa racanA kI saM0 1462 kI likhita prati para AdhArita hai| yadi hastalikhita prati 15 vIM zatAbdI kI prApta hotI hai to yaha kahA~ siddha hotA hai ki kavi bhI 15 zatAbdI kA hogaa| prastuta kavi 14 vIM zatAbdI kI racanA 'vIraviharamAna' kA lekhaka bhI ho sakatA hai / vastiga eka prasiddha jaina kavi samajhe jAte haiM aura unakI eka hI racanA unakI kIrti kA AdhAra na hogii| ataH aisA anumAna hai ki cihaMgati cau0 bhI unhIM vastiga kI racanA hogii| isameM jIva kI cAra gati arthAt manuSya, tiryaMca, naraka aura deva batAI gaI hai| isakI 94 caupAiyoM meM aneka yoni meM bhaTakate cAroM prakAra ke jIvoM ko bhayaMkara dukha jhelate hue batAyA gayA hai| unameM se atyanta puNyavAna jIva ko uttama guru milane para pA~cavIM gati arthAt mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| isake Adi kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : settuMja vaMdia tIratharAu, goyama ( guru yA ) guNahara karau pasAu / vAgavANi hauM samarai devi cahaMgati bhamaNi kaha saMkhevi // isakI antima paMktiyA~ bhASA ke namUne ke lie uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM - mUrakha mAhi mUMpahilIlIha. jiNa dharma mAhi vasau savi dIha / kAlauM gahilaUM bAliThAUM, teU puNa suha guru taNau psaau|| rAmatinI chai bhU dhaNI Teva, guruyA saMghanI nitu karu seva / ajJAna paNai AsAtana thAI, vastiga lAgai zrI saMgha pAya / / 94 / / 1. zrI mo060 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 403 /

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198 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa inakI do anya racanAeM bhI prakAzita haiM; unameM se eka 'rAtribhojanaM' meM rAtribhojana ke doSoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai aura dUsarI 'rahanemI rAjImatI' to jainajagat kI ati lokapriya kathA 'nemirAjamatI' para AdhArita hai| ataH isakI kAvyocita sarasatA svayaMsiddha hai| binayacandra sUri-Apa zrIratnasiMha sUri ke ziSya the| ApakI racita 'neminAtha catuSpadikA' 'bAravratarAsa' aura 'Ananda prathamopAsaka saMdhi' nAmaka marugurjara kI racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| ApakI prathama racanA 'neminAtha catuSpadikA' prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| yaha 40 padyoM kI racanA hai| isa bArahamAse meM kavi ne rAjImatI ke pati-viraha kA kAvyamaya varNana bar3e sarasa DhaMga se kiyA hai| yaha bArahamAsoM kI paramparA meM kAphI prAcIna hai jisameM zrAvaNa se prArambha karake ASAr3ha mAsa taka hone vAle rAjula ke viraha kAtara manobhAvoM evaM prakRti ke uddIpana vibhAvoM kA manohara varNana kiyA gayA hai| zrAvaNa kA varNana dekhiye : "zrAvaNi saravaNi kaMDuya meha gajjai, virahari jhijjhaI dehu / vijju jhabakkai rakkhasi jeva nemihi viNu sahi ! sahiyai kema / " isakA phAlguna varNana jAyasI ke viyoga varNana kI bhA~ti atyanta mArmika bana par3A hai, yathA "phAguNa vAguNi panna paDaMti, rAjala durika ki taru roya~ti / gabbhi bhalivi hauM kAi na mUya, bhaNai vihaMgala dhAraNi dhUpa / 23 / " isa bArahamAse kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM :-- "sohaga sundaru dhaNa lAvantu, sumariva sAmiu sAmalavannu / sakhi pati rAjala caDi uttariya, bAra mAsa suNi jima vajjariya / 1 / " aura isakI antima paMktiyA~ nimnAGkita haiM :-- "nimmala kevala nANu lahevi, siddhi sAmiNi rAjala devi, rayaNasiMha sUri paNamavi pAya, bArahamAsa bhaNiyA maibhAya / 49 / " ApakI dUsarI racanA 'bAravrata rAsa' saM0 1338 meM likhI gii| yaha 53 padyoM kI racanA hai / isake anta meM isakA racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai :-- "terasai ATha trIsI sAvaya dhammuva asa savi, rayaNasiMha sUri sIsi vinayacandra sUri uddharIya / 1. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha 'neminAtha catuSpadikA' saMkhyA 2

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 199 pAsa jiNaMda pasAu sAnidhi sAsaNadevi taNai, je upadeza karAi te maNavaMchiya suha lhi|" ApakI tRtIya kRti 'Ananda prathamopAsaka saMdhi' ke Adi aura anta kI paMktiyA~ bhASA ke namUne kI dRSTi se Age uddhata kI jA rahI haiM :-- Adi "araha~ devo suguru suddha dhamma pa~canavakAro, dhannANaM kayatthANaM nirantara vasai hiyymi|" anta "siri rayaNasiMha sUri guruvaosi, siri viNayacaMda tasu sIsi lesi / ajjhayaNa paDhamu aha sattamaMgi, uddhariya saMdhi baMdheNa rNgi|" prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM upadezamAlA kathAnaka ( uvajesamAla kahANaya ) ko bhI zrI vinayacandra kI racanA batAyA gayA hai| jai0 gu0 kaviyoM bhAga 1 meM isakA racanAkartA zrI vinayacandra sUri ko likhA gayA hai kintu bhAga 3 meM unhoMne isakA sudhAra karake zrI udayadharma ko isa racanA kA lekhaka batAyA hai| zrI agara canda nAhaTA ne prArambha se hI udayadharma ko upadezamAlA kathAnaka kA lekhaka ghoSita kiyA thA ataH isase pUrva udayadharma ke nAma para isa kRti kA vivaraNa diyA jA cukA hai| aba yaha nirNaya sudhI janoM ko karanA hai ki vastutaH vinayacandra sUri 'uvaasamAlA kahANaya' ke lekhaka haiM athavA udayadharma / / zrI vinayacanda kI tIna racanAyeM hI unheM marugurjara kA eka zreSTha kavi sAbita karane ke lie paryApta haiN| ina racanAoM kI bhASA se uvasamAlA kahANaya kI bhASA kI saMgati bhI nahIM baiThatI kyoMki usakI bhASA para apabhraMza kA bharapUra prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai jaba ki ina tInoM racanAoM kI bhASA svAbhAvika marugurjara hai / Apane saM0 1325 meM paryuSaNa kalpasUtra para nirukta bhI likhA thaa| isa prakAra Apa jaina dharma ke AcAravAna sUri, uttama kavi aura niruktakAra haiN| vIraprabha--ApakI racanA 'zrI candraprabha kalaza' (16 gAthA) upalabdha hai jisakA Adi anta Age uddhata kiyA jA rahA hai :-- Adi "atthi iha bharahivara nayari caMdANaNA, jattha rehaMti nara-nArI caMdANaNA / / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu. ka. bhAga 3 pR0 400 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 ja0 ka0 pR0 38

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa "saDDu saguNahu je nhavahi caMdappahaM, vihiya muhakosa bahu to sadayakuppahaM / kuguru kuggAha paricattaiya vihirayA, lahahiM Ne jhatti nivvANa suhasaMpadA / " zrIdhara - - bhaviSyadatta kathA, candraprabhacarita, vaDDhamANa cariu, zAntijinacarita ApakI upalabdha racanAyeM haiM ApakA racanA kAla zrI kAmatA - prasAda jaina 14vIM zatAbdI batAte haiM / paM0 paramAnanda jaina evaM anya bahutere vidvAn ina racanAoM ko adhika se adhika 13 vIM zatAbdI kI batAte haiM / ina kRtiyoM kI bhASA bhI marugurjara kI apekSA apabhraMza ke jyAdA karIba hai / isalie inheM prAcIna kavi mAnakara inakA ullekha pahale kara diyA gayA hai / 200 anta zAntibhadra -- ApakI racanA kA nAma 'caturviMzati namaskAra' ( 25 gA0 ) hai jisakA racanAkAla 14 vIM zatAbdI hai kintu saMvat nizcita nahIM ho sakA hai / isakI pratilipi saM0 1385 kI likhita prApta hone se yaha 14 vIM pUrvArddha kI racanA hogI / isake prArambha kA chanda, jo yahA~ uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai, par3hane se isakI bhASA apabhraMza se prabhAvita pratIta hotI hai yathA :-- "paDhama jiNavarajaNa maNAnanda, suranAha saMthaya calaNa bharaha jaNaya jaya paDhama sAmiya / saMsAra vaNa gahaNa dava datta dosa apavagga gAmiya / loyAloya payAsayara payaDiya dhammAhamma suviANajaM tuhu risaya jiNa, isakI antima paMktiyA~ dekhiye "jasu sAvayarasAhu vara citta dujjaya nijjiya kamma |9| supasattha supasanna maNa nisi virAmi thiru karivi niyamaNu cavIha titthayara suppahAi je thuNahi aNu diNu te saMsAri mahAjala hi, uttAhi appANu / pAvaha dukkhaha khau karahiM 'saMtibhadu' kallA | 25 | --; isakI bhASA ko dekhate hue ise zuddha marugurjara kI racanA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isameM jAna-bUjhakara 'saMtibhadu' ne 'Na' kI atizata AvRtti kara rakhI hai / dvitta kI pravRtti jaise 'dujjaya' nijjiya, suppahAi, appANu Adi ko 1. zrI kAmauAprAda jaina - hindI je0 sA0 kA sa0 0 pR0 32 2. zrI pra0 ca0 nAhaTA - marugurjara jaina kavi pR0 36

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201 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya dekhate isakI bhASA ko svAbhAvika marugurjara nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isakA viSaya to zIrSaka se hI spaSTa hai| isameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| ___ zA.nta sUri--ApakI kRti kA nAma 'sImadhara stavanam' hai, inakA samaya 14 vIM zatI hai| zAnti sUri nAmaka kaI mahApuruSa jaina itihAsa meM ho gaye haiM / candragaccha, nAgendragaccha, pUrNatallagaccha, sAMDeragaccha, khaMDerakagaccha Adi bhinna-bhinna gacchoM meM kaI zAnti sUri hue haiN| inameM kucha kavi aura lekhaka bhI haiN| inameM se 'jIva vicAra' nAmaka grantha ke kartA zAnti sUri adhika prasiddha haiM / prastuta stavana ke lekhaka inameM se kauna zAnti sUri haiM yaha nirNaya nahIM ho pAyA hai| isa racanA meM kula 8 gAthAyeM haiM unameM se pahalI aura AThavIM gAthA bhASA ke udAharaNa svarUpa uddhata kI jA rahI hai| isameM sImaMdhara svAmI kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| Adi "jaMbUvara dIvaha mahAvideha, sUNi ghaNi ghaNahAM saya paMca dehu| sImaMdhara svAmI viharamANa, vasahaMka-sayara sovanna mANa / 1 / " anta "saMdeze olaga karau deva, UmAhau hIya na mAi heva / INi khemi vasaMtA ba~ti prari, daya mukti bhaNaya zrI zAMti sari811 isakI bhASA nizcaya hI sarala marugurjara hai aura kavi 14 vIM zatI kA pratIta hotA hai kintu kavi ke sambandha meM nizcita vivaraNa prApta nahIM hai| ____ sahaja jJAna-Apa kharataragacchIya AcArya zrI jinacandra sUri ke ziSya the| Apane apane zraddheya AcArya ko lakSya karake 35 gAthAoM kI 'zrI jinacandra sUri vivAhala u' nAmaka racanA likhI jisameM AcArya zrI kI saMyama zrI ke sAtha pariNaya kA rUpaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha racanA 14 vIM zatAbdI kI hai kintu isakA racanAvarSa nirNIta nahIM hai| isakI prApta prati meM racanA kI Adi ke do chanda khaMDita haiM, ataH isakA cauthA padya nIce uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai :--- "viviha vinnANa vara ghamma kamma juyA, rahee svadhara geha lcchii| sIlaguNa dhAriNI tAsu sahacAriNI, sarasai mahura jhuNi vINa pANi / 4 / - isakA antima 35 vA padya isa prakAra hai :-- "ehu jugapavara vIvAhala u je par3hai, je diyai bhAviyA raMgabhare / tAsa sAsaNa surA huMti supasanna, sahajajJAna muni ima bhaNae / 35 / "" 1. zrI a0 ca0 na haTA- marugurjara jaina kavi pR0 54 2. zrI 10 ca0 nAhaTA- marugura jaina kavi pR0 28

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202 maru-gurjara jaina sAhinya kA bRhad itihAsa 'vivAhalau' nAyaka kAvyaprakAra jaina kaviyoM meM lokapriya rahA hai jisameM AcAryoM ke saMyama dhAraNa aura dIkSA-mahotsava kA prAyaH vivAha kI bhA~ti varNana rahatA hai| __sAramUrti-Apa kharataragacchIya kavi the| Apane saM0 1390 jyeSTha zu0 6 somavAra ko 'jinapadma sUri paTTAbhiSeka' nAmaka eka racanA kI jisameM jinapadma sUri ke AcArya pada-mahotsava kA varNana hai| jinapadma sUri ko zrI taruNaprabha sari ke AcAryatva meM jyeSTha zu0 6 somavAra vi0 saM0 1390 ko paTTAbhiSikta kiyA gayA thA aura nAma jinapadma sUri rakhA gayA thA, ataH yaha usI samaya kI racanA hai| jinapadma sUri ke pitA khImar3a vaMzIya lakSmIdhara ke putra zrI AbAzAha the / rAsa se yaha bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki yaha mahotsava zAha haripAla ne bar3e utsAhapUrvaka sampanna karAyA thaa| jinapadma sUri ke guru AcArya jinakuzala sUri eka bAra vihAra karate derAbara padhAre aura vahA~ kaI dhArmika kRtya sampanna kraaye| apanA AyuSyapUrNa jAnakara zrI jinakuzala sUri ne taruNaprabha ko Adeza dekara svargArohaNa kiyA thA, tadanusAra zrI taruNaprabha sUri ne jinapadma ko paTTAsIna kiyaa| isa rAsa kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM :-- "surataru risaha jiNiMda pAya, anusara suyadevI suguru rAya jiNacanda sUri guru caraNa nmevii| amiya sarisu jiNapadma sari paya ThavaNaha rAsa / savaNaM jala tumhi piyau bhavi lahu siddhihiM taasuu|" isakA anta nimnAGkita paMktiyoM se huA hai jinameM racanAkAla Adi diyA gayA hai : - "vikkama niva saMvachariNa teraha sai naUohi (saM0 1390) jiDhi mAsisiya chaTThi tahi, suha diNi sasivArehi / ihupaya ThavaNaha rAsu, bhAva bhagati je naradiyahi, tAI hoi sivavAsu sAramutti muNi ima bhaNai / ' yaha rAsa aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha meM prakAzita hai aura kula 29 padyoM kI racanA hai| isake uddharaNoM kA sandarbha usI saMgraha meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isakI bhASA marugurjara hai jisapara rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva thor3A prakaTa hotA hai| isa prakAra kI racanAoM kA mAtra aitihAsika sUcanAoM kI dRSTi se mahattva hotA hai| 1. ai0 je0 kAvya saMgraha aura zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhA03 pR0 406

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 203 sudhAkalaza-Apa maladhArI rAjazekhara sUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1380 meM saMgItopaniSad kI racanA kI hai jisameM udAharaNasvarUpa bIca-bIca meM kucha paMktiyA~ tatkAlIna lokabhASA meM racita gItoM kI milatI haiM jinase janatA kI bolacAla kI bhASA kA anumAna karane meM sahAyatA ho sakatI hai| cUMki yaha marugurjara kI racanA nahIM hai isalie yaha sUcanA mAtra alam haiN|" ____somamUrti-Apa kharataragacchIya AcArya zrI jinezvara sUri ke ziSya the| Apane apane guru zrI jinezvara sUri ke svargavAsa ke turanta bAda saM0 1331-32 ke AsapAsa 'jinezvara sUri saMyama zrI vivAha varNanArAsa' likhaa| ApakI anya racanAyeM 'jina prabodha sUri carcarI', 'jina prabodha sUri bolikA' aura 'gurAvalI reluA' haiN| prathama racanA 'zrI jinezvara sUri saMyama zrI vivAha varNanArAsa' aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha aura jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya nAmaka do saMgrahoM meM prakAzita prasiddha racanA hai| yaha 33 padyoM kA prAcIna kAvya hai jisake nAyaka kharataragacchIya AcArya jinezvara sUri kI dIkSA kheDA grAma meM dasa varSa kI avasthA meM A0 jinapati sUri dvArA sampanna haI thii| isameM 'dIkSA' ko saMyamazrI nAma dekara usake sAtha jinezvara sUri ke vivAha kA AdhyAtmika rUpaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jinezvara sari ke bacapana kA nAma ambaDakumAra thaa| ve apanI mA~ se saMyamazrI ke sAtha vivAha kA Agraha karate haiM aura kheDa nagara meM vaha dIkSAkArya ( vivAha ) sampanna hotA hai| rAsa meM isakA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| Apa jinezvara sUri ke ziSya the| Apake pitA maroTakoTa nivAsI zrI nemicandra bhaNDArI the aura ApakI mAtA kA nAma lakhamA de thaa| ApakA janma saM0 1245 meM aura dIkSA saM0 1255 meM haI tathA ApakA dIkSA nAma vIraprabha par3A / kharataragaccha kI paTTAvalI se patA calatA hai ki saM0 1278 meM sarvadevAcArya dvArA jAlaura meM Apako AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA gayA thA aura ApakA nAma jinezvara sUri par3A thaa| ___vivAhalA' kAvya kI paramparA bhI 14 vIM zatAbdI se hI prAraMbha huI aura 17-18 vIM zatAbdI taka pracalita rhii| isakA vizeSa paricaya zrI A0 ca0 nAhaTA ne 'vivAhalA aura maMgala kAvya kI paramparA' nAmaka lekha meM diyA hai| isakI bhASA para apabhraMza kA prabhAva isakI prAcInatA kA pramANa hai / bhASA ke namUne ke lie kucha padya yahA~ diye jA rahe haiN| bAlaka ambaDa saMsAra kI asAratA kA anubhava karake apanI mAtA se Agraha karatA hai :--

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204 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa "paraNisu saMyamasiri vara nArI bhAi mAe majjhu maNaha piyArI; jAsu pasAiNa vaMchi u sijjhae valavi na saMsAra mi pddijje|1|" isakA Adi kA chaMda isa prakAra hai :"cintAmaNi maNi viviyatthe, suhiyaya dhareviNa pAsa jiNa, juga pavai jiNesara sUri muNirAu thuNisa hau bhattiApaNau / / " anta aha vivAhala u je par3hahi je diyahi khelA Seli raMga bhari / tAha jiNesara sUri supasannu imi bhaNai bhaviya gaNi somamutti / 33 / ' ina paMktiyoM se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki yaha rAsa mUlataH khelane gAne ke lie likhA gayA thA aura isa prakAra ke rAsa bAda meM uttarottara AkAra meM bar3e hote gaye tathA carita kAvya bana kara kevala pAThaya-vidhA ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gye| ApakI dUsarI racanA 'jina prabodha sUri carcarI 16 gAthA kI racanA saM0 1332 ke AsapAsa likhI gaI kyoMki isameM jinaprabodha sUri ke pada sthApanA kA varNana hai, yathA : "vijayau vijayau koDijuga jina prabodha sUrirAu, viphphurata vara suri guNa rayaNa alkiNykaau|1| isakA antima padya isa prakAra hai : "jinaprabodha sUri guru taNiya je cAcari pabhaNati, somamutti gaNi ima bhaNai puNya lacchi ti lahati / 16 / "2 jinaprabodha sUri kA AcArya kAla saM0 1331 se 40 taka kA hai| jinaprabodha sari bolikA mAtra 12 gAthA kI choTI racanA hai| isake Adi aura anta ke padya nimnAGkita haiM :Adi 'tiyaloya sAmiNi haMsa gAmiNi, deva kAmiNi pnnmiyaa| ___ annANa vallari dalaNa kattari, maNi dhareviNa sArayA / anta "laghevi vegiNa jimu bhavoyadi, jiTThi puru pAvahu thira / imi somamuttI bhaNai tasu paya, bhattau vayaraM varaM / 12 / / inakI cauthI racanA 'gurAvalI reluA' ( 13 gAthA ) meM jiNezvara sUri kI vandanA hai / isake Adi kA padya isa prakAra hai : 1. jaina e0 gujara kAvya saMcaya pR0 225 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA jai0 maru gu0 ka0 pR0 24 aura 25 3. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1 pR0 7 aura bhAga 3 pR0 1475

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205 maru gujara jaina sAhitya "vasahi maggu jiNi payar3a kari sahi, aNahila pATaNi vAIya jagi jasa Dhakka / so jiNesara sUri guru rayaNu maNi, jhAyahiM je nara te saMsAraha cakka / " isakA antima padya bhI bhASA ke namUne ke lie prastuta hai :"eha gurAvalI jo paDhai jo maNi avadhArai raMgihiM jo gAyai / somamuttI gaNi iya bhaNai so naru saMsAraha duhaha jalaMjali dei|" ye sabhI racanAyeM 14vIM zatAbdI kI apabhraMza mizrita marugurjara bhASA kI kRtiyA~ haiN| inameM jinezvara sari aura jinaprabodha suri se sambandhita mahattvapUrNa sUcanAyeM haiM / ataH kAvya kI apekSA kharataragacchIya AcArya paramparA kA paricaya prApta karane kI daSTi se inakA vizeSa mahattva hai| solaNu-ApakI racanA carcarikA 38 padyoM kI hai jo prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| isake prArambha meM 24 jina aura sarasvatI kI vandanA hai yathA : "jiNa ca ubIsa nameviNa sarasai paya paNamevi / ArAhauM guru appaNau avicalu bhAva gharevi / " isake dUsare chanda meM lekhaka aura racanA kA nAma hai yathA : "kara joDiu solaNu bhaNai jIviu saphala karesu / tumhi avadhAraha dhaMmiyau caccari hauM gaaesu|"1 isameM girinAra para sthApita nemi ke darzanArtha tIrtha kI yAtrA kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai / yAtrA ke kaSTa se kucha loga virata ho jAte haiM para jo utsAhI sacce bhakta haiM ve saharSa jAte haiM aura darzana kA Ananda prApta karate haiM yathA :-- "pAi cahuTTai kakkarIu unhAlai lUbAI / je kAyara te baliyA je sAhasiya te jaaiN|" parvata para pahuMcakara yAtrI giranAra kI prAkRtika zobhA kA Ananda pAtA hai yathA : "nIjhara pANii khalahalai vAnara karahiM cukAra, koila sadu suhAvaNau tahiM DuMgarigirinAra / " isakA antima padya dekhiye : "DaMgaraDA adhokari laggau sIyali vAu, hUya puNa navadehaDI amuMli kiyau psaau|" 1. prAcIna gu0 kA0 sagraha pR0 71.72 2. vahI pR074

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206 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ___ arthAt parvata kI ThaMDI havA yAtrA kI sArI thakAna hara letI hai aura yAtrI ko navasphUrti pradAna karatI hai| carcarikA eka loka kAvya hai jisakI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| isameM nizcita tithi nahIM hai kintu bahikSyioM ke AdhAra para yaha 14vIM zatAbdI kI racanA ThaharatI hai| hemabhUSaNagaNi--Apane saM0 1341 ke AsapAsa 'yugapradhAna zrI jinacandra sUri carcarI' likhI / / saM0 1341 meM jinaprabodha sUri ke paTTa para zrI jinacandra sUri AsIna hue| unhIM ke sambandha meM 25 padyoM kI prastuta racanA zrI hemabhUSaNa gaNi ne usI samaya kI hai / isa racanA se sambandhita udAharaNa nahIM prApta ho sakA kintu viSaya vastu svayam prakAzita hai| __ A0 jinadatta sUri se sambandhita 'catuSpadI, phAgu Adi aneka racanAyeM prApta haiM kintu unake racanAkAroM kA nAma-dhAma jJAta nahIM hai| ajJAta kavi kRta racanAyeM-ajJAta kaviyoM kI aisI kRtiyoM meM 'jinacanda sari phAgu' 25 padyoM kI eka racanA hai jo saM0 1341 ke AsapAsa hI likhI gaI hogii| isake prArambha meM pATaNa ke tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kI stuti hai / yaha to spaSTa hai ki koI kharataragacchIya vidvAn hI isakA lekhaka hai| yaha pada mahotsava vaizAkha saM0 1341 meM huA thA ataH racanA kA prArambha vasaMta zrI ke varNana se huA hai| isameM madana kA AkramaNa aura sUri dvArA madana parAjaya kA rUpaka bA~dhA gayA hai| vasaMta varNana sambandhI eka uddharaNa prastuta hai :___ "are puri puri Aba~lA mauriyA koila harakhiyadeha / are tahiM Thae Tuhakae bolae mayaNaha keriya kheh|" yaha racanA prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| isakA prArambhika chanda nimnalikhita hai| "are paNamavi sAmiu saMta ju siva vADali uritAru are aNahilavADA maMDaNaDa savvaha tihuyaNa sAru / are jiNa pavoha sUri pATihi sira saMgamu sirikaMtu / are gAivau jinacanda sUri guru, kAmala devi kauputu / 1 / anta kI do paMktiyA~ bhI Age dI jA rahI haiM : "siri jiNacanda sUri phAgihiM, gAyahiM je atibhAvi / te bA ula aru purusalA, vilasahiM sivasuha sAvi / "25 / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA paramparA' pR0 173

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maha-gurjara jaina sAhitya 207 chanda saM0 pA~ca se bIsaveM chanda taka prati ke truTita hone ke kAraNa madana vijaya prasaMga nahIM chapa pAyA hai| ajJAta kavi kRta 'zrI jiNacandra sUri catuSpadI' 10 gAthA kI kRti bhI jiNacandra sUri para hI AdhArita hai| isakA Adi aura anta uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai :Adi "pahilaGa praNamau vIra jiNiMdu, jasupaya seva karai amariMdu / yuga pradhAna jagi hUyau nAmi, tasu paTTi zrI sohama sAmi / / anta "meru mahIdharu jA giri sAru, mahiyali jA jiNi dhamma vicAru / jAvaya caMdu sUru dippaMtu, tima jiNacanda sUri bhavi jayavaMtu / " ajJAta kavi kRta 'saptamatro rAsa'- isa prakAra kI racanAoM meM vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / yaha 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai| isameM racayitA kA nAma spaSTa nahIM hai kintu lagatA hai ki isake lekhaka jayavanta hoNge| isakI racanA kA samaya spaSTa iMgita hai yathA :-- "saMvata tera sattAvIsae mAha masavADau, guruvAri AvIya dasami pahilai pkhvaaddi|" arthAt yaha rAsa saM0 1327 mAha suda 10, guruvAra ko likhA gayA thaa| isakI kula padya saMkhyA 119 hai / isameM jaina dharma ke sAta pavitra kSetroM-jinamUrti, jinamandira, jainazAstra, sAdhu, sAdhvI aura zrAvakazrAvikA kA mahattva batAyA gayA haiM / ye uttama kSetra haiM jahA~ lagAyA huA dhana kaI gunA pUNya paidA karatA hai| dohe-caupAiyoM meM likhA yaha rAsa ma gurjara bhASA ke prAcIna rUpa kA uttama udAharaNa hai / kAvyatva kI dRSTi se yaha sAmAnya koTi kI kRti hai / sAta kSetroM kA ullekha karatA huA kavi likhatA hai :-- "iha sAtai kSetra ima boliyA Agama annusaare|" racanA ke prArambha kI paMktiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM :-- 'savi arihaMta namevI siddha sari uvajhAya, panarakarma bhUmi sAhU tIha paNamiya pAya / jiNa sAsaNa mAMhi jA sAro, caudaha paravataNa ra smudhaaro| samariu paMca paramiSTi navakAro, saptakSetrihiva kahau vicaaro| 1. dekhiye prAcIna phAgu saMgraha 2. zrI a0 ca0 vAhaTA ma0 gu0 jai0 ka0 pR0 28 3. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha pR0 58

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208 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prArambha meM bAraha vratoM kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai jinameM ahiMsA, satya, aparigraha Adi ko ginAyA gayA hai| jina maMdiroM kA nirmANa aura jIrNoddhAra, jinaviMba kI sthApanA aura unakA mahattva batAyA gayA hai / guru ke sambandha meM kavi AdarapUrvaka isa prakAra likhatA hai :-- "guru AvaMtA kIjai abhigamaNauM dIjai bhakti thobha vNdnu|" samaya ke sAtha mAnyatAyeM badalatI haiN| isameM ginAye sAta kSetroM meM se Agama graMthoM kA lekhana, pArAyaNa, sAdhu-sAdhvI aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA kA mahattva to Aja bhI prAsaMgika hai kintu sthAnakavAsI jaise sudhAravAdI sampradAyoM ke lie jina vimba aura jina maMdira kA mahattva kramazaH aprAsaMgika hotA jA rahA hai| jinabhakti, gurubhakti Aja bhI samagra jaina samAja meM Adara kI vastu hai ataH isa rAsa kI upayogitA Aja bhI bhASA ke alAvA dharma kI dRSTi se bhI akSuNNa hai| isakI antima paMkti meM 'jayavaMta' zabda AzIrvacana hI lagatA hai kintu zAyada yaha kavi kA nAma ho / paMkti isa prakAra hai : "nimmala je graha nakSatra tArikA vyApaI, __ jayavaMta zrI saMgha anaijina sAsaNu / 119 jina pUjA ke prasaMga meM nAnA prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM aura phUloM kA varNana bhI kavi ne ruci ke sAtha kiyA hai / usa samaya maMdiroM meM jo tAlabaddha rAsa, DaMDiyA rAsa Adi khele jAte the unakA bhI saMketa isameM milatA hai yathAH "baisai sahUi zramaNa saMgha sAvaya guNavaMtA / joyai ucchava jinaha bhuvaNi mani haraSa dharaMtA / tIche tAlArAsa par3ai, bahu bhATa par3hatA / anai lakuTAM rAsa jovaI, khelA nAcaMtA / 48 / savihU sarISA siNagAra, savi tevaDa tevaDA / nAcaI dhAmIya raMga bhare tau bhAvai ruDA / sulalita vANo madhuri sAdi jiNaguNa gAyaMtA / tAlamAnu chanda gIta, melu vAjiMtra vAjaMtA / 49 / tivilAM jhAlari bheru, karaDikaMsAlA baajiN| paMcazabda maMgalIka hetu jiNabhuvaNai chaajii| paMcazabda vAjaMtimATu, aMbara bhirNtii| iNa pari ucchava jiNabhuvaNi, zrI saMghu karataMu / 50 / 1 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-'paramparA' pR0 172-173 .

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209 14 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya (vAMcho 1) ajJAta--'bArabata caupi|' gAthA 43 kA vivaraNa zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne diyA hai / inhoMne lekhaka kA nAma bAMcho anumAnita kiyA hai| caupai kA prathama chanda nimnAGkita hai :--- "bIra jina caraNa juga bhagati syu bandIu / tAsu muha pekhi bhujha hiaya ANaMdiu / dhamma vihu bhedi jiNa nAhi pacaDIkauM / suguru vayaNa maha savaNa-vasa mAMgauM / yaha racanA DhAloM meM baddha hai| isakI bhASA ke udAharaNArtha do padya Aye uddhRta haiM : "maI laddhaU jiNa-dharmasAra, jiNi lahI bhavajala nihi pAra / ima pAlijjaio anaticAra, o Apai anukrami siva udAra / 49 / " isakA antima padya isa prakAra hai :---- "saMvibhAga prali varasanA, joga chatai paNavIsa / udaya hui sarva viratinu, huM vaMcha u te dina jagadIsa / 43 / " isa chanda meM Aye 'vaMcha u' zabda se hI zAyada zrI desAIjI ne lekhaka kA nAma bAMcho anumAnita kiyA hai kintu yaha kAmanA ke artha meM bhI prayukta ho sakatA hai| - ajJAta kavi kRta 'stambhatIrtha ajita stavana' 25 gAthA kI racanA saM0 1341 meM huI hai| isakI pratilipi zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTAjI ke saMgraha meM hai| isakA prathama padya nimnAGkita hai :__ "lAvannamaya kaliyaM sohagga vilAsa baMdhuraM dhaNiyaM / paNameviNa jiNa bhajiyaM tasse bhaNAmi kiM cariyaM / " isakI bhASA para saMskRta kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / isakA antima chanda dekhiye jisameM racanAkAla kA saMketa bhI hai-- "jo nayari palhaNi sUri jiNesara hatthi kamali payaTThiU / vikkama teraha IguNavIsai bahuya deva ahiTThiU / tittIsa bhUri guruva asahi khaMbha nayari samANiu / ikatAla vacchari deva maMdiri deva suvihi saMghi niveSiu / 24 / " khaMbhAta ( stambhatIrtha ) meM ajita bhagavAn kI pratiSThA kA ullekha isameM milatA hai| racanA sAmAnya koTi kI hai / bhASA meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai / kahIM saMskRta kI to kahIM apabhraMza kI chApa dikhAI detI hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI -jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaDa 2 pR0 1475 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaDa 1 pR0 402

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210 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ajJAta kavi kRta 'anAthI kulaka' ( 36 kar3I ) kA samaya bhI 14 vIM zatAbdI hai / isakA prathama chanda jina vaMdanA se sambandhita hai yathA "paNamivi sAmIya vIra jiNida loyAloya payAsa dinnidaa| annAthiya ajANamea, bhaNisi kiMpahi tuhi nisuNeu / " anta meM kavi kahatA haiM : ... "kevala sari saivara Avei, krami krami siddhi suSa pAmei / par3hai, guNai jo aiha caritto, vidhihuM thuNi u tasa janama pvitto| te saMsAra dukha pariharI, jAi basesi te sivpurii|" isakI bhASA spaSTa aura sarala marugurjara ( purAnI hindI ) hai / 'te saMsAra duva pariharI' arddhAlI to tatkAlIna hindI kA bhI acchA udAharaNa hai| isameM anAthI muni kA jIvanAdarza prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ___ ajJAta kavi kRta 'dhanA saMdhi' (61 gAthA) 14 vIM zatAbdI kI racanA kahI gaI hai| isameM tapasvI dhannA ke tapa ke mAdhyama se tapa kA mAhAtmya samajhAyA gayA hai| isakA prathama chaMda dekhiye :-- "samariya samarasa taNa u nihANa, vIra jiNesara tihuyaNa bhAMNa / vIra kahai jo navamai aMgai, dhannA saMdhi kahisU mana rNgi|1| prathama chaMda kI bhA~ti 60 veM chaMda meM bhI vIra bhASai' zabda AyA hai aura aisA lagatA hai ki yaha 'vIra' zabda kavi ke nAma kA sUcaka hai| chaMda dekhiye : "sahassa chatrIsa sAhuNI ( sA) raU cada sahassa munivara parivAra / teha mAMhi dhanna tapasI dISai zreNika Agali zrI vIra bhaassi|" yahA~ vIra bhagavAn mahAvIra kA bhI artha detA hai / astu; isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : "tapathI kAyA niramala thAi, kumana kucitta me dUri pulAI / a tapa sohaga-taruvara kaMda, tapi lahiyaiM jaga paramANaMda / " __ isakI bhASA tatkAlIna loka pracalita sarala marugurjara hai| ajJAta kaviyoM dvArA likhita 14 vIM zatAbdI meM marugarjara sAhitya ke antargata aisI choTI-choTI kRtiyoM kA milanA svAbhAvika hai kyoMki usa samaya taka isa navodita bhASA ke sAhitya kA sahI mUlyAGkana na ho pAne ke kAraNa racanAoM aura racanAkAroM para pUrA dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA hogaa| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 407 2. vahI 3 pR0 408

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 211 ajJAta kavi kRta 'anAthI muni caupai'1 (63 gAthA ) isI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| isakA prathama padya prastuta hai : "siddhi saviha nai karuM praNAma, te paNi pAmauM uttama ThAma / siddhi savihUM nama karajoDi, bhava bhavanA jima bhAjU khoDi / 1 / uttarAdhyayana meM varNita anAthI muni kI kathA ke AdhAra para kisI ajJAta kavi ne yaha caupai likhI hai / isakA antima chanda nimnAGkita hai : "pakSInI pari halUyA thAya, moha vagati vacaraNa me manasAMhi / anAthI kumara taNI caupai, uttarAdhyayana vI samaI khii|63|" isakI bhI bhASA sarala. svAbhAvika marugarjara hai| lagatA hai ki aisI tamAma racanAyeM sAmAnya janatA ke upadezArtha sAmAnya kaviyoM dvArA janabhASA meM likhI gaIM aura unake vivaraNa Adi surakSita nahIM rakhe jA sake / isakI prati muni jasavijaya ke saMgraha meM surakSita hai| __ ajJAta kavi kRta 'kesI goyama saMdhi' bhI isI samaya kI racanA hai| 14 vIM zatAbdI meM saMdhi saMjJaka racanAyeM likhI jAnI prArambha huIM, aura inakI paramparA 17 vIM zatAbdI taka calatI rhii| dhanA saMdhi kI carcA pahale kI gaI hai| tejA kRta 'Ananda saMdhi', jayazekhara sUri kRta 'zIlasaMdhi' Adi isI prakAra kI racanAyeM haiM jo apabhraMza-mizrita bhASA meM likhI gaI haiN| zrI a0 ca nAhaTA ne apane nibandha 'apabhraMza bhASA ke saMdhi kAvya kI paramparA' meM aisI racanAoM kA paricaya diyA hai jo 'rAjasthAnI nibandha mAlA' meM prakAzita hai| 'kesI goyama saMdhi gAthA 70' kA paricaya zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ke0 bhAga 3 pR0 411 para diyA hai aura use 14 vIM zatI kI kRti kahA hai| usakI antima kar3I isa prakAra hai : "iya karavi vicArusaMjamabhAru, pAleviNa je mukkha gyaa| te goyama kesI citi nivesI jhAyaha bhavIya ANaMda bhayA / 70 / " zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaNDa 2 pR0 1474 para kesI saMdhi' nAmaka eka kRti kA ullekha 13 vIM zatAbdI meM bhI kiyA hai / ho sakatA hai ye donoM eka hI racanAyeM hoM yA donoM do zatAbdiyoM kI alagaalaga ajJAta kaviyoM dvArA likhI gaI do racanAyeM hoM, yaha anirNIta hai| hematilaka sUri ziSya kRta hematilaka sUri saMdhi' ( gAthA 40 ) bhI isI samaya kI racanA hai| hematilakajI nAyoru nagara ke gaMdhI parivAra ke bIjau sAhu ke putra the / bAlaka kA nAma dolau par3A / eka bAra gaDDaigaccha 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 pR0 408

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212 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke jayazekhara sUri nAyauri gaye aura unake upadeza se vairAgyavAna hokara bAlaka ne unase dIkSA lii| isa saMdhi meM ina ghaTanAoM ke sAtha hematilaka sUri ke saMyama, tapa, vihAra aura zarIra tyAga taka kA varNana milatA hai / rAsa ke viSayavastu aura bhASA kA paricaya dene ke lie do chanda Age prastuta haiM : "muNihiM muNItai samai suhArasi / bArahattarai mAha badi bArasi / / gaccha sIkha deviNu muha cittU / hematilaka sUri diva saMpattU / jasu mahima karataMha gaNi guNavaMtaha, jiNa sAsaNu ujjoiyo| so guru nia gacchahaM aNu muNi satthahaM saMghahamaNa vaMchiya diyo| yaha kRti 'pariSada patrikA' meM prakAzita hai| isakI prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya meM surakSita hai / isakI bhASA meM kahIM-kahIM vyaJjanalopa kI pravRtti ke alAvA apabhraMza kA anAvazyaka prabhAva lakSita nahIM hotaa| isameM marugurjara bhASA kA sahaja AbhAsa milatA hai| ajJAta kavi kRta 'yugavara guru stuti' ( gAthA 6 ) 14 vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai jise jinacandra sUri ke kisI ajJAta ziSya ne likhA hai / isake prathama chanda meM hI jinacandra sUri ke sambandha meM paryApta sUcanAyeM haiM, yathA : "dedhA kuli siri devarAya maMtI supasiddhau / komala devi kalatta tAsu sIlahi supasiddha u / tAsa putta siri khaMbharAu bAluvi guNa sAyaru / laiya dikkha guru rAyapAsi, sikkhai kiriyAkaru / jAbAli nayari vIraha bhuvaNi jiNa pavoha guru cakkavai / jiNacaMda sUri tasu nAmu dhari guru ucchava niyapayaThavai / " isakA antima chanda Age uddhRta hai jisakI bhASA para apabhraMza kA pUrA prabhAva prakaTa hotA hai : "gaNahara suhamma sAmiya pamuha duppasaha sUri pajjate / baMde kaya kallANe guNappahANe guNa vihANe / 6 / " isakA anumAnita racanA kAla saM0 1341 ke AsapAsa honA caahiye| ajJAta kavi kRta 'aMtaraMgarAsa' ( 67 kar3I ) bhI isI samaya kI kRti hai| isakA prathama chanda nimnAGkita hai : 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 ja0 kavi pR. 30 2. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 213 "zrI jinavara pAo namI praNamI munirAya / zaraNAgata hU~ AvIU svAmI tamha pAya / vIra jiNesara vInavaM karausevaka sahakAra / bAra bilaMba khamai nahIM tIM jagi AdhAra / isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai :___ "sakala hujyo mana vInatI hojyo svAmI seva / sadguru pAo sevA hujyo bhavi bhavi hava deva / 67 / / isakI pratilipi jasa vijaya saMgraha se prApta huii| ajJAta kavi kRta 'karmagati caupai' meM jaina dharma ke mukhya siddhAnta 'karmavipAka' ke mahattva ko batAyA gayA haiM / isameM kula 38 chanda haiM / isakA prathama chanda maMgalAcaraNa hai yathA : "vIra jiNesara pAya namevi, samaraUM aMbika sAsaNa devi / sarasati mujha mati dai sAradA, kavIyaNa nAma jayaI tujha sadA / / svAmiNi varNisu karma prabandha, jehanA moTA ghaNA saMbandha / jIva yoni caurAsI lAkha, saha vigUcai karma vipAka / isakA antima padya bhASA ke udAharaNa svarUpa uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai "vardhamAna zrI vIra jiNaMdA, jasa pai sevaI suranara iNdaa| guNa anaMta guraaDi tujha taNI, vItarAga tuM tribhuvana dhnnii| karUM bInatI be kara joDi ATha karma vaMdhaNa mujha choDi / tuMhaji dayApara deva jiNaMda sevaka nai mati kari ANaMda / 38." ajJAta kavi kRta 'ratna zekhara rAsa' yA 'catuHparvI rAsa' eka bar3I racanA hai / isakI prati meM 268 padya haiM / isameM dohA, caupAI ke sAtha kaI prakAra ke dezI, DhAla Adi kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai kintu racanAkAla yA anya vivaraNa nahIM diye gaye haiN| isakA prathama dohA dekhiye : "sayala siddhi mana zuddhi namI tIrthaMkara jinarAya / causaThi suravara bhattimbhara narmi niraMtara pAya / isakA antima padya prastuta hai :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 409 2. vahI pR0 410

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214 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa asu kaviyaNa kahe madamoDi, dharami sarava Tale valI khoDi / dharamaI lahai saMpadA koDi, varIi siva ramaNInI jori|268|| lagatA hai ki isakI antima kucha kar3iyA~ chuTa gaI haiM aura yaha pratilipi / apUrNa hai / zAyada Age kI kar3iyoM meM racanA aura racanAkAra sambandhI vivaraNa rahA ho| ajJAta kavi kRta 'mAtRkA caupaI' prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai / isameM saMyama kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai / isameM kula 64 chanda haiN| isakA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai "tribhuvana saraNu sumari jaganAhu jiva phiTTai bhava davaM duhadAhu / jiNi ari ATha karama nirdalIya namo jina jima bhavi nAvauvaliya / zarIra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kI upamA kamalapatra para par3e jala vindu se detA haA kavi saMsAra kI asAratA kA saMketa isa prakAra karatA hai :__ "uppala dala Upari jimanIru tesaOM caMcala jIva sarIru / dhaNu kaNu raiNu saiNu tima sahU dIsai dhamma ekku ghara rahU / 15 / yaha saMsAra duHkha kA bhaMDAra hai "iNi saMsAri dukha bhaMDAri', isa bhaka sAgara ko vahI pAra kara sakatA hai jisane samakita ( jaina dharma kI dIkSA) svIkAra kara liyA ho, yathA - "ekaha pari pAmisi bhavapAru jai samakita kara aMgIkAru / vIranAthu kahai Agami toi, viNu samakita siddhanavi hoi|"3 kavi kA dar3ha vizvAsa hai ki jiNa upAsanA ke binA uddhAra nahIM ho sakatA: "jaga tAraNu jiu jaga AdhAru, jiNa viNu avari nahIM bhavapAru / ' jaina sAhitya ke bhaktibhAva kA eka udAharaNa nimna paMktiyoM meM avalokanIya hai : 'Nava Nava pari maggau bhava cAru, sAmIa amhArIya sAru / asaraNa saraNu tuhuM jijaganAhu, bhavi paData ahma deje bAhu / " racanA kA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : "jA sasi suru bhUyaNu vyAppaMti, jA graha nakSatra tArA huMti / jA varatai basuha vyAppaMti tAM sivalacchi karau maMgala cAru / 64 / isakI bhASA meM prAsAdikatA aura pravAhazIlatA hai| bhASA apabhraMza ke Agraha se mukta svAbhAvika marugurjara hai / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 410 2. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha pR0 74 vahI pR0 75

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maru-gujara jaina sAhitya 215 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne ajJAta kavi kRta eka racanA mAtRkA bAvanI' kI sUcanA dI hai| mAtakA caupai aura mAtakA bAvanI alaga alaga racanAyeM haiM jaisA ki donoM ke Adi aura anta ke chandoM se svataH spaSTa hai| 'mAtRkA bAvanI ke Adi aura anta kI paMktiyA~ milAna ke lie prastuta kI jA rahI haiM : Adi "bhale bhaNaM mAi dharu joi, dhammaha mUla susamakatu hoi| ___ samakatu viNu jA kriyA karei, tAtaha lohi nIru dhaalei|' arthAt samyakatva ke binA sabhI kriyAyeM vaise hI kAphUra ho jAtI hai jaise garma tave para par3I jala kI bUMdeM kSaNa bhara meM chanachanA kara lupta ho jAtI haiN| isakA antima padya dekhiye : .. "ehu vicAru hiyai jo dharai, sUdhauM dhamma vicAriu karai / suhaguru taNA calaNa sevaMti, te nara siddhi sukkhu pAvaMti / jai saMsAru taraveu karau, sataguru taNA vayaNa aNusaraha / jai saMsAraha karisau chehu, suddhaM dhamma vicAriu lehu / ' caudahavIM zatAbdI meM bolI, kalaza, stavana aura stotra jaisI choTI. choTI aneka racanAyeM ajJAta kaviyoM dvArA likhI huI prApta haiM jinakA vivaraNa zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne 'marugurjara jaina kavi' meM diyA hai / AdinAtha bolI, zrI neminAtha bolI (gA0 7) zrI sthUlibhadra bolI (28 gA0) Adi bolI kAvyavidhA ke sAtha kaI kalaza jaise zrI yugA dideva janmAbhiSeka kalaza ( gAthA 20) zrI candraprabha svAmikalaza ( 11 gA) zrI vAsupUjya kalaza ( gA08), zAntinAtha kalaza ( gA0 10), zrI vIrajiNa kalaza ( gA0 5 ) sarvajina kalaza Adi kalaza sammilita haiN| stavanoM ke antargata sImadhara svAmI stavanam, kokA pArzvanAtha stavana (gA0 30), giranAra tIrtha stavanam, jinastavanA, sAUkA pArzvanAtha stavanam ke alAvA tamAma pada, gIta, vInatI nAmaka racanAoM kA vivaraNa ukta grantha meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| unheM jyoM kA tyoM duharAne se koI lAbha nahIM hai| bhASA ke namUne ke lie ukta racanAoM se do-cAra udAharaNa yahA~ uddhRta kiye jA rahe haiN| inameM se kisI kI bhASA para apabhraMza kA mulammA aura kahIM marugurjara para saMskRta kA pAnI car3hAyA gayA hai / saMskRta kI gamaka nimna paMktiyoM meM dekhiye :-- "deva deviMda videMNa giri mandare deva candappaha ssAmiNau sundare / jamma majjaNa maho jaha samAraMbhio, kiMpi jaMpemi saMpai tahA~ vimhio / " 1. zrI 10 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 38 / 2. zrI candraprama svAmI kalaza-vahI pR0 41

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216 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isI prakAra apabhraMza kA mulammA 'yugAdideva kalaza' kI ina paMktiyoM meM sApha jhalaka rahA hai :jassa paya paMkayaM nippaDima ruvayaM sura asura nara khayara vayasI kapaM / ' tassa risahassa bhattIi majjaNa vihiM, kiMpi pabhaNemi tumhi kuNaha savaNAtihiM / adhikatara kRtiyoM kI bhASA sahaja, sarala marugurjara hai jinake udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiN| 'sthUlibhadra gItam' ( gA08) kI bhASA kA namUnA dekhiye : tAsudekhi guNa guri mana raMjiu dukkharu bhAsai / tasu guNa thaNivi karivi jo bhAsai, tasu ghari siri AvAsai / " yahI nahIM, kahIM kahIM bhASA kAvyocita pravAhamaya aura madhura bhI hai yathA "siri sohata phaNAmaNi mAlaM, aTTami caMda sarikha sama bhAleM / ravi sasihara kuMDala saMkAsaM vaMde sAU jiNahari pAsaM / ' anta meM 'zrI aMtarIka pArzvanAtha stavanam' kI antima paMktiyA~ uddhRta kara rahA hU~ jisameM kisI ajJAta kavi ne vArANasI ke pArzvanAtha kA ullekha kiyA hai "posa dasamihi posa dasamihi jammu supasiddha / vArANasi varanayari Asasega naranAha maMdiri / vammA uri saMbhAliu merusiharinhaviu puraMdari / kamaTha asura gaya maya mahaNi, kesari jima valavaMtu / siripura maMDaNu pAsa jiNu, ataMrIu jayavaMtu / 5 / 14vIM zatAbdI kI isa racanA meM vArANasI' zabda kA prayoga isa zabda ke prAcIna pracalana kA udAharaNa hai| pArzva bhagavAna kI yaha janmasthalI hai| isameM sirIpura ke pArzvanAtha (antarIka) kI vaMdanA hai / 1. zrI a0 ca 0 nAhaTA--maru gu0 ja0 kavi pR0 41 2. vahI pR0 53 3. vahI pR0 57 4. vahI pR0 62

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maru gurjara jana sAhitya 217 aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM ajJAta kavi kRta eka gIta 'jiNadeva sUri gIta' zIrSaka se saMkalita hai / sampAdaka ise 14vIM zatAbdI meM likhA gayA mAnate haiM / ataH usakA bhI saMkSipta paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| jiNadeva sUri jiNaprabha sUri ke paTTadhara the| zAha kuladhara inake pitA aura vIraNI unakI mAtA thii| Apane apane dAdAguru jinasiMha sUri se dIkSA lI thI aura apane vyaktitva tathA vaktRtva se zAha muhammada ko prabhAvita kiyA thaa| Apa jJAna-vijJAna, chanda-alaMkAra, kAvyazAstra aura nATaka Adi ke uttama jJAtA the| Apake do paTTadhara hue, eka jinameru aura dUsare jinacandra sUri / isa gIta meM yaha saba vivaraNa saMkSepa meM diyA gayA hai / isameM kula ATha hI chanda haiM / isakA prArambhika chanda nimnAMkita hai "nirupama guNa gaNa maNi nidhAna saMjami pradhAnu' suguru jiNaprabha sUri paTa udayagiri udayale navala bhANu / " unake prabhAva se muhammada zAha ne kannAr3Apura maMDaNa vIraprabhu ko sammAnita kiyA thA / yathA : "jehi kanAr3Apura maMDaNu sAmiuM vIra jiNu / mahamadarAi samappiu~ thApiu subhalagani subhadivasi / ghaNu jinasiMha sUri dikhiyAu dhanucandra gaccha, dhanu jiNaprabha sUri nijaguru jiNinija pATihiM thaapiyu|"1 zAstra jJAna aura tapazcaryA meM inakI tulanA vajrasvAmI se kI gaI hai| inheM vAdiyoM kA garva cUrNa karane vAlA kahA gayA hai / isake anta kI paMktiyA~ dekhiye : "vAdiya malagala dalaNa sIho vimala sIladharu / chatrIsa guNadhara guNa kaliu cirajayau jiNadeva sUri guru|" kucha vizeSa prakAra kI kAvya vidhAoM kA prArambha 14vIM zatAbdI kI vizeSa sAhityika upalabdhi hai inameM saMdhi, relaA, dhavala, carcarI, kalaza, caMdrAyaNA, bAvanI, bolI, dhula Adi ullekhanIya haiM aura inake udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| kAvya prakAroM ke sambandha meM zrI nAhaTA kA tatsambandhI lekha nA0 pra0 patrikA, vArANasI meM paThanIya hai jinakA saMdarbha yathAsthAna 1. ai0 je0 kAvya saMgraha pR0 14

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218 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa diyA gayA hai / 'kalaza' nAmaka kAvyarUpa ke kaI udAharaNa marugurjara jaina kavi meM saMkalita hai jinase anumAna hotA hai ki yaha kAvya vidhA zAyada usa samaya loka pracalita thii| bolI aura dhula saMjJaka ekAdha racanAyeM hI upalabdha huI haiM jaise sthUlibhadra bolI / gAthA 28) ajJAta kavi kRta racanA hai / / maMtrI dhArisiMha kRta zrI neminAtha dhula kA paricaya diyA gayA hai yaha zAyada dhavala kI rUpAntara hai| isa kAla meM talaharA' saMjJaka eka hI racanA prApta huI hai aura saMbhavataH isakI paramparA Age nahIM cala pAI / ajJAta kavi kRta 'ambikA devI pUrva bhava talaharA' nAmaka 30 padyoM kI isa racanA ko zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA jI ne 'hindI anuzIlana' meM prakAzita karAyA thaa| 1. zrI a0 caM nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 pR0 47

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adhyAya 4 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya ( 15 vIM zatAbdI ) 15 vIM zatI ke maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kI pIThikA rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi saM0 1356 meM alAuddIna khilajI ne gujarAta para adhikAra kiyA aura apane sAle tathA vizvasanIya saradAra alapa khA~ ko vahA~ kA sUbedAra niyukta kiyA / gujarAta abhiyAna ke samaya usane eka hajAra dInAra meM malika kAphUra nAmaka eka dAsa ko vahIM kraya kiyA / yaha gujarAta kA hindU thA aura bAda meM musalamAna bana gayA / yaha rUpavAna aura guNavAna thA / isane apane rUpa aura guNa se sultAna ko vaza meM kara liyA thA / alAuddIna ke antima dinoM meM vaha sAmrAjya kA ekamAtra kartA-dharttA ho gayA thA / usakI sattA aura zakti lolupatA bar3hatI gyii| usane sAmrAjya ko svayaM hastagata karane ke lie taraha-taraha kI cAleM calanI zurU kI / sarvaprathama usane khA~ ko maravA kara apane mArga se pratidvandI ko haTA diyA / alapa khA~ bAdazAha kA kevala sAlA hI nahIM thA balki vaha bar3e zAhajAde khijra khA~ kA zvasura bhI thA aura cAhatA thA ki khijra khA~ ko rAjagaddI para zIghra baiThAyA jAya / alapa khA~ kI mRtyu ke bAda malika kAphUra ne bAdazAha vasIyata likhavA kara khijra khA~ kI jagaha sabase choTe zAhajAde zahAbuddIna ko rAjagaddI kA vArisa ghoSita karAyA / khijra khA~ ko gvAliyara ke kile meM kaida kara diyA gayA / alAuddIna kI rugNAvasthA aura nirantara bar3hatI akSamatA ke kAraNa sAmrAjya meM jagaha-jagaha vidroha honA zurU ho gayA / alapa khAM ke marate hI gujarAta meM vidroha ho gayA / cittaur3a se bhI sultAna ke adhikAriyoM ko khader3a diyA gayA / devagiri aura pazcimI sImAMta pradeza TM meM bhI vidroha bhar3aka uThA thA / alAuddIna vivazatApUrvaka jItejI apanI AMkhoM ke sAmane apane sAmrAjya ko TUTate aura tahasa-nahasa hote dekha kara pAgaloM kI taraha baukhalA uThA thA / antataH saM0 1373 meM usakI tar3apatar3apa kara mRtyu ho gaI / yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki usake khUbasUrata dAsa malika kAphUra ne use viSa dekara maravA DAlA thA / usakI mRtyu ke bAda apanI pUrva yojanA ke anusAra usane 6 varSIya zahAbuddIna umara ko samrAT ghoSita kara sattA para pUrA kabjA jamA liyA / usane alAuddIna kI vidhavA malikA-e-jahAM aura khijra khAM ke do choTebhAiyoM - zAdI khAM aura mubAraka khAM ko bhI bandI banA liyA aura sAmrAjya

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220 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa para nAmadhArI sultAna zahAbuddIna umara ke nAma para svayaM niraMkuza zAsana karane lagA, kintu alAuddIna kI mRtyu ke kula 35 dina bAda hI malika kAphUra kA bhI vadha kara diyA gyaa| zahAbuddIna umara ko haTA kara usakA bar3A bhAI kutubuddIna mubAraka zAha rAjagaddI para baitthaa| yaha bhI atyadhika vilAsI aura akarmaNya thaa| apane dAsa khusaro para vaha pUrNatayA Azrita rahane lgaa| khusaro bhI gujarAta kA hindU thA jo bAda meM musalamAna ho gayA thaa| vaha bar3A cAlAka thaa| jaba gujarAta meM alapa khAM ke samarthakoM ne vidroha kiyA to unheM nirdayatApUrvaka kucalane meM khusaro kI cAlAkI se mubAraka zAha ko bar3I kAmayAbI milI thI ataH zIghra hI mubAraka zAha usake caMgula meM phaMsa gyaa| gaddI para baiThate hI mubAraka zAha ne apane tInoM bhAiyoM kA vadha karavA diyA aura khusaro para pUrNatayA Azrita ho gyaa| saM0 1377 meM ( kula cAra varSa bAda ) khusaro ne mubAraka zAha kA vadha karavA diyA aura rAjasattA svayaM hastagata kara liyaa| yaha bar3A krUra aura atyAcArI thaa| isake atyAcAra jaba kAphI bar3ha cale to usakA virodha karane ke lie amIra-umarA ekajuTa hone lge| jUnA khAM ( pIche muhammada tugalaka ) ne apane pitA gAjI malika ko, jo paMjAba kA sUbedAra aura eka zaktizAlI saradAra thA, dillI bulvaayaa| gAjI malika ne cArapAMca mahIne ke bhItara hI khusaro kA vadha karake gayAsuddIna tugalaka ke nAma se saltanata para adhikAra kara liyaa| isa prakAra khilajI vaMza caudahavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka samApta ho gayA aura dillI kI gaddI para naye rAjavaMza (tugalaka vaMza) kA zAsana prArambha huaa| tugalakoM ne saM0 1377 se saM 1470 taka lagabhaga eka sau varSa dillI para zAsana kiyA / rAjasattA to badalI kintu a0 khilajI kI hindU virodhI nIti, lUTapATa aura atyAcAra kA krama banda nahIM huaa| asthira zAsana aura adhikAriyoM ke atyAcAra-zoSaNa ke viruddha gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM pratirodha bhI hotA rhaa| vidroha kI Aga bhI sulagatI rhii| mu0 tugalaka ke samaya gujarAta meM aphagAna, turka, rAjapUta sattAdhAriyoM aura hindU rAjAoM ne mila kara vidroha kara diyaa| usa samaya gujarAta kA zAsaka malika makabUla thaa| vidrohiyoM ne usa para AkramaNa karake zAhI khajAnA lUTa liyaa| vidroha kI khabara pAkara mu0 tugalaka gujarAta phuNcaa| usa samaya vahAM 'tagI' nAmaka eka mocI vidrohiyoM kA netRtva kara rahA thaa| tagI ne neharavAlA, khambhAta, bhar3auca Adi kaI sthAnoM para kabjA kara liyA thaa| mu0 tugalaka ke gujarAta pahu~cane para tagI vahAM se bhAgakara thaTTA

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 221 (sindha ) calA gyaa| sultAna bhI thaTTA kI tarapha ravAnA huA kintu rAste meM bImAra par3A aura saM0 1408 meM usakA dehAnta ho gyaa| yaha eka asaphala zAsaka samajhA jAtA hai aura naye sikke calAne, rAjadhAnI badalane jaise kAryoM ke kAraNa pAgala bhI samajhA jAtA hai kintu vaha pratibhAvAna, sahiSNu aura ImAnadAra vyakti thaa| usameM dhArmika kaTTaratA nahIM thii| gujarAta ke mahAn jainAcArya jinaprabhasUri saM0 1385 meM isase mile the| usane inheM paryApta sammAna diyA thA tathA jaina dharma kI unnati ke lie aneka Adeza jArI kie the| vaha udAratApUrvaka dhana dAna bhI detA thaa| usake zAsana kAla meM jaina dharma ke lie sarakArI vAtAvaraNa pUrNatayA anukUla rhaa| usake bAda phiroja tugalaka saM0 1445 taka zAsana karatA rahA, isake sthira zAsana-kAla meM 15 vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha rojI, vyApAra aura prajA ke jIvana yApana ke kArya kalApoM ke lie suvidhAjanaka thaa| isakI mRtyu ke bAda gaddI ke do dAvedAra ho gaye aura paraspara chInA-jhapaTI karane lge| saM0 1451 meM muhammadazAha gaddI para baiTha gayA kintu nasarata khA~ gaddI hathiyAne kI jItor3a koziza karatA rhaa| kendrIya sattA vibhAjita aura kamajora ho gii| mauMkA pAkara gujarAta, mAlavA ke sUbedAra svatantra ho gye| saM0 1455 meM taimUralaMga bhArata para car3ha aayaa| vaha bar3A krUra aura mahatvAkAMkSI thaa| usa khaMkhAra luTere ne katleAma aura jamakara laTa-pATa kii| agaNita logoM ko dAsa bnaayaa| kahA jAtA hai ki pratyeka sainika ko bIsoM dAsa-dAsiyAM milI thiiN| muhammadazAha yuddha kSetra se bhAgakara gujarAta kI tarapha calA gayA aura taimUra ke jAne ke bAda punaH dillI lauttaa| saM0 1469 taka kisI prakAra vaha gaddI para banA rahA / usakI mRtyu ke sAtha hI tugalaka vaMza samApta ho gayA aura saiyada khijrakhAM ne saiyada vaMza kI nIMva ddaalii| isa prakAra rAjanItika daSTi se 15 vIM zatAbdI ke tIna caraNoM meM dillI saltanata para tugalaka vaMza kA zAsana rahA aura unakI nItiyAM hI deza kI sAmAjika sthitiyoM kA nirdhAraNa karatI rhiiN| isa zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM taimUra kA AkramaNa, tugalaka vaMza kA anta aura saiyada vaMza kI sthApanA mahattvapUrva rAjanItika ghaTanAyeM haiM jinakA bhAratIya jana-jIvana para vyApaka evaM dUragAmI prabhAva pdd'aa| 14 vIM zatAbdI meM dillI saltanata meM do krAntikArI parivartana hue the| saM0 1377 meM mubAraka zAha ke vadha ke sAtha khilajI vaMza kA anta

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222 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aura usake sthAna para gayAsuddIna tugalaka ke gaddI para baiThane ke sAtha-sAtha tugalaka vaMza ke zAsana kAla kA prArambha / isa prakAra 14 vIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya caraNa se lekara 15 vIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya caraNa taka dillI meM tugalakoM kA zAsana rhaa| inake zAsanakAla ke antima dinoM meM amIra taimUra kA AkramaNa deza ke lie sabase bhayaMkara durghaTanA sAvita huii| pariNAmataH lar3akhar3AtI huI tugalaka zakti kA patana ho gayA aura dillI kI rAjalakSmI saiyadoM ke hAtha calI gii| ___ sAMskRtika pIThikA-isa kAla meM vibhinna pradezoM meM svatantra rAjya sthApita he| bahamanI, vijayanagara, gujarAta, mAlavA aura jaunapura ke svatantra rAjya isI samaya sthApita hue the| ina svatantra rAjyoM meM kalA-sAhitya aura dharma-darzana kI sthiti sNbhlii| vividha kalAoM meM navIna prAntIya zailiyoM kA prAdurbhAva huaa| phiroja tugalaka asahiSNu aura avivekI bAdazAha thaa| usane adhikAriyoM ko nakada-vetana dene ke bajAya jAgIra dene kI prathA ko prazraya diyaa| ina jAgIradAroM ne sAmrAjya ke bhItara apane svatantra rAjya sthApita kara lie| vaha svayam ayogya thA aura kharca kA bojha sAmrAjya para bar3ha rahA thaa| phalataH prajA kA zoSaNa bar3ha gyaa| saM0 1456 meM gujarAta kI rAjadhAnI ahamadAbAda banAI gii| rAjadhAnI badalane meM nAma se ekabAra punaH prajA kAMpI thI kintu koI bar3A hAdasA nahIM huaa| isa kaThina kAla meM jaina sAdhu aura AcAryoM ne apane vyaktitva ke prabhAva se zAsakoM ko prabhAvita kara dharmarakSaNa evaM sambandhita sAhitya-sRjana kA mahattvapUrNa kArya barAbara jArI rkhaa| ve dharma-granthoM kI racanA tathA unakI surakSA kA upAya karate rhe| kRSNarSi gaccha ke mahendra sUri ne muhammada zAha ko apanI nirlobha vRtti aura aparigraha bhAva se kAphI prabhAvita kiyA thaa| usane bhI inakI mahAtmA ke rUpa meM bar3I abhyarthanA kI thii| isa sambandha meM raNajIta rAma kA yaha kathana satya pratIta hotA hai ki "alAuddIna khilajI ke saradAroM ne jaba gujarAta ke hindU rAjAoM ko parAjita kara diyA usa samaya jo aMdhAdhuMdhI aura avyavasthA kA samaya AyA usameM brAhmaNoM ne zAradA devI kI sevA tyAga dI kintu mandiroM kI rakSA, dharma kI prabhAvanA aura zAradA devI kI upAsanA meM jaina sAdhu nirantara lage rhe|' isa yuga ke jainAcAryoM meM kharataragacchIya jinarAja sUri ne 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jaina-sAhityano itihAsa pR0 448 /

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 223 saM0 1444 meM AdinAtha kI pratiSThA cittaur3a meM karAI aura saM0 1449 meM khaMbhAta ke zrImAlI harapati zAha ne giranAra ke neminAtha prAsAda kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA / mandira-mUrti kI pratiSThA, saMghayAtrA, pustaka-lekhana evaM vihAra aura pravacana dvArA dharma kI prabhAvanA kA kArya karanevAle jainAcAryoM meM kharataragacchIya AcArya jinabhadra sUri aura jinavarddhanasari kA nAma cira smaraNIya rhegaa| inhoMne aneka jinAlayoM kI pratiSThA karAI, pustakabhaMDAra sthApita karavAye, jagaha-jagaha pustakAlayoM kI sthApanA krvaaii| pustakoM kI jIrNa-pratiyoM aura naSTa mUrtiyoM kA uddhAra krvaayaa| jina varddhana sUri ne pippalaka zAkhA kA pravartana kiyaa| tapA0 A0 somasundarasUri isa yuga ke yugapuruSa the| gurjara sAhitya ke itihAsa meM ( saM0 1456 se 1500 taka ) 15 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha unake nAma se somasundara yuga kahA jAtA hai / ve isa kAla ke sAhitya mahArathI the| jainAcAryoM meM unakA vyaktitva bar3A prabhAvazAlI thA aura ve rAjamAnya AcArya the| inhoMne dharma kI prabhAvanA meM bar3A mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA thaa| isI prakAra anya sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne isa viparIta kAla meM bhI dharma kI rakSA aura prabhAvanA kA kaThina kArya kiyA thaa| sAhityika pIThikA-jainAcAryoM dvArA yA to svayam yA unake saMrakSaNa tathA protsAhana se dUsare lekhakoM dvArA vipula jainasAhitya likhA gayA / usakI eka saMkSipta jhalaka yahA~ prastuta kI jA rahI hai| isa kAla meM gadya aura padya donoM prakAra kA sAhitya khUba likhA gayA / ' rAjazekhara sUri ne, jo dillI meM sultAna muhammada zAha se sammAnita hue the, bar3e sundara gadya meM catuvizati prabandha ( prabandhakoza ) nAmaka grantha likhA jisameM 24 aitihAsika prabandha haiN| inhoMne saM0 1417-19 meM kautukakathA ( antara kathA saMgraha ) likhA aura zrIdharakRta nyAyakaMdalI para paMjikA bhI likhii| saM0 1406 meM jinacandra sUri kI ziSyA guNasamRddhi mahatarA ne prAkRta meM aMjanAsundarI caritra ( 504 zloka ) jaisalamera meM likhaa| kisI mahilA dvArA prAkRta meM likhI saMbhavataH yaha prathama racanA hogii| merutuMga ne saM0 1409 meM kAmadevacarita aura saM0 1413 meM sambhavanAthacarita likhaa| bRhadgacchIya sAdhu guNabhadra ke ziSya munibhadra sUri ne munidevasUrikRta zAntinAtha carita ke AdhAra para nayA zAntinAtha carita likhaa| isa 1. dekhiye-zrI mo0 da0 desAI-'jaina sAhityano itihAsa' pR0 440 /

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224 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa I kavi ko phiroja zAha ke darabAra meM bhI pratiSThita sthAna milA thA / jinezvara sUri ke ziSya somakIrti ne saM0 1411 meM kAtantravRttipaMjikA likhI / khaMDila gaccha ke kAlikAcArya santAnIya bhAvadeva sUri ne pArzvanAtha: caritra likhA / inhIM bhAvadeva sUri ne eka kAlikAcArya kathA bhI likhI thI / kRSNaSagacchIya mahendra sUri ke ziSya jayasiMha sUri ne saM0 1422 meM kumArapAla caritra likhA / inake guru mahendrasUri kI muhammada tugalaka ne dillI meM bar3I mAna-pratiSThA kI thI / inhoMne yantrarAja nAmaka jyotiSagrantha pA~ca adhyAyoM meM likhA / isa yuga meM A~calika mahendraprabha sUri ke ziSya jayazekhara sUri eka bar3e vidvAn kavi hue haiM jinhoMne prabodhacintAmaNi, upadeza cintAmaNi sAvacUri, dhammila caritra Adi nAnA grantha vividha bhASAoM meM likhe the / inhIM mahendraprabha sUri ke prasiddha ziSya merutuMga ne vyAkaraNa, darzana, dharma Adi nAnA viSayoM meM tamAma racanAyeM kI thI / isa yuga ke tapAgacchIya devasundara sUri AcArya ke ziSyoM meM jJAna sAgara, kulamaMDana, guNaratna, sAdhuratna aura mahAkavi somasundara Adi ullekhanIya lekhaka hue the / vIrAMka hammIra mahAkAvya ke kartA nayacandra sUri gvAliyara ke tomaravaMzI rAjA vIrama ke darabAra ke pratiSThita kavi the / inhoMne rambhAmaMjarI nAmaka nATikA bhI likhI thI / isa kAla meM bahuta sI pratiyA~ tAr3apatroM para likhI gaIM aura tamAma purAnI tAr3apatrIya pratiyoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA gayA / naye zAstrabhaMDAra sthApita karAye gaye / isa prakAra na kevala vividha bhASAoM meM vividha viSayoM para vividha vidhAoM meM sAhitya kA sRjana huA balki usakI surakSA kA sundara prabandha bhI jainadharmAvalambiyoM dvArA kiyA gayA / jaisA pahale kahA gayA 15 vIM zatI kA uttarAddha somasundara sUri aura unake guru bhrAtAoM evaM ziSyamaMDala se prabhAvita yuga hai, isIlie ise somasundara yuga bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ataH inakA paricaya vistArapUrvaka Age svatantra rUpa meM diyA jAyegA / isa kAla kI anya kalAoM meM sthApatya kI dRSTi se dharaNazAha dvArA nirmita rANakapura mandira, jaisalamera sthita lakSmaNa vihAra nAmaka pArzvajinAlaya aura ahamadazAha dvitIya dvArA nirmita ahamadazAha kI jAmA masjida ullekhanIya kRtiyA~ haiM / 15 vIM zatAbdI se marugurjara sAhitya meM eka nayA mor3a AtA hai| isa zatAbdI kI prArambhika kucha racanAoM meM apabhraMza kA prabhAva adhika hai

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 225 parantu uttarArddha kI bhASA kAphI sarala aura svAbhAvika hotI gaI hai| isa zatAbdI meM vividha prakAra kI racanAyeM kI gaI haiM vizeSatayA rAsa sAhitya ke svarUpa meM bar3A parivartana huaa| bar3e-bar3e rAsa likhe jAne prArambha hue. jo carita kAvya bana gye| loka kathAoM ke AdhAra para bhI AkhyAna kAvya marugurjara meM isI samaya se prArambha hue| isa bahuraMgI aura samRddha sAhitya kA paricaya Age diyA jA rahA hai| ___ asavAla -Apane saM0 1479 meM 'pAsaNAha cariu' likhA, jisameM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA caritra 13 saMdhiyoM meM likhA gayA hai| isa racanA meM paddhaDiyA chanda kA adhika prayoga haA hai| kavi ke pitA kA nAma lakSmaNa paNDita batAyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA para apabhraMza kI thor3I chApa jhalakatI hai| AsAyata-zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inheM janetara lekhaka batAyA hai|" ApakI racanA kA nAma hai hasAulI-haMsa vaccha caupi| yaha racanA jaina kathA para AdhArita hai aura 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai ataH ise yahA~ sthAna denA samIcIna hai| saubhAgyamaNDana gaNikRta 'haMsa vaccharAja kathA' nAmaka prAcIna kRti para yaha racanA AdhArita hai| isakI kathA ke sambandha meM vizeSa vivaraNa jAnane ke lie zrI kezavarAma zAstrI kRta kavicarita dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha eka prasiddha lokakathA hai| desAI ne ise 16vIM zatAbdI kI racanA bhI mAnA hai| kintu pahale inheM pandrahavIM kA jainetara kavi batAyA thA isalie inakA vivaraNa 15 vIM zatAbdI meM diyA gayA hai| saM0 1513 meM likhita isakI prati prApta hai ataH yaha nizcaya hI 15 vIM zatI kI racanA hogii| isa kRti kI bhASA ke udAharaNArtha isakI kucha paMktiyA~ uddhata haiMAdi "amarAvai saMmANaM, pratyakSa pramANaM, avara nayarANaM / pura paTTaNa payaThANaM, ayaThANaM vIra bAvanayA // " caupai "zikhara baddha dasa sahasa prAsAda kanaka kalasa dhana naravai nAda / godAvarI, nirmala nIra, pura pahiThANa vasai tasutIra / / " 1. paM0 paramAnanda jaina-jainagrantha prazastisaMgraha, bhAga 2 pR0 130 / 2. mo0 da0 de0-0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3 pR0 2108 / 3. vahI pR0 458 /

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226 ___ maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM "gAhA duhu vastu caupai, sujissai cyAri batrIsAM huii| jUalI triNasai vizAlA, tiNa mohamAyA jAlA // suNaMtA doSa daridra saviTalaiM, bhaNaI asAita biha aphalAM phalaI / ' yaha lokapriya kathA hai ataH isakI bahuta pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM jinameM pAThabheda bhI haiM kintu utane vivaraNa meM jAne kA yahA~ avasara nahIM hai| isakI bhASA marugurjara hai| udayakaraNa-inakI racanAoM kayalavAr3a pArzvastotra aura jIrAvalApArzvastotra ko saM0 1427 meM racA haA zrI nAhaTA jI mAnate haiM ataH inakA vivaraNa 15 vIM zatI meM honA thA kintu unhoMne jaina marugurjara kavi bhAga 1 meM inheM 14 vIM zatAbdI kI racanAoM ke sAtha rakhA hai ataH inakA vivaraNa 14 vIM zatI meM diyA gayA hai aura vahIM dekhA jAya / udayavaMta-vivaraNa 'vinaya prabha' ke antargata dekhA jAya / karNasiMha-Apa prAgvATa vaMza ke zrAvaka kavi the| Apa ne 15vIM zatAbdI meM 'caitya pravAdI rAsa' likhA jisameM soraTha deza meM sthita caityoM kA bhaktibhAva se smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isakI 40 patroM kI prati meM kula 112 kar3iyA~ upalabdha haiN| prati ke apUrNa hone ke kAraNa anta kA vivaraNa nahIM prApta hai| bhASA ke namUne ke lie usake nimnAGkita uddharaNa draSTavya haiM"jina cauvIsau calaNa nameU, sAmiNi sarasati mani samareU / __ anai praNami suhu guru caraNa // 1 // prAgavaMsi karaNasI saMghadAso, caitrapravADihiM kIdhau rAso, bhavIyANahaM durIyaM haraU // 2 // pahilU vaNNisu soraTha deso, vimalAcala bimba saMkhyA kahiso, mugati purIyabhavIyAM sunnu|"" isakI bhASA sAmAnya bolacAla kI marugurjara hai| isameM soraTha deza kA varNana rucikara hai| caityoM kA varNana kavi ne Astika bhAva se kiyA hai kintu ramaNIyatA apekSAkRta kama hai / 1. zrI mo0 da0 de0-jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 1 pR0 46-47 / 2. zrI mo0 da0 de0-jai. gu0 ka0, bhAga 3 pR0 1485 /

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227 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kaviyaNa-15vIM zatAbdI kI eka racanA 'mAtRkAphAga' (gAthA 31)ko kaviyaNa kI kRti zrI nAhaTA jI ne batAyA hai / vaise kaviyaNa zabda kavi ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se prayukta hotA hai / prastuta racanA meM usa zabda kA isa prakAra prayoga kiyA gayA hai : "hava kara jor3Iya vInavaU, dIna vayaNa saMbhAri / kSamA karejyo bhaviyaNa, kaviyaNa e AcAru / 30 / / patA nahIM kaviyaNa zabda vyaktivAcaka hai athavA kaviyoM ke lie sAmAnya saMbodhana mAtra hai kintu zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne ise vyaktivAcaka saMjJA ke rUpa meM liyA hai ataH yahA~ bhI kaviyaNa ko eka vyakti vizeSa mAna liyA gayA hai jisane mAtRkAphAga likhA hogaa| isameM akArAdi krama se chanda rakhe gaye haiN| tIsarA chanda 'A' se prArambha hotA hai "Agali do do lohar3Iya, jIbhar3I voliya Alu / uMkArasya mAgami Agami, kahIyasya sAru / 3 / " isakA prathama chanda nimnAMkita hai : "ahe jiNa calaNA sira namiya, pAniya sahi guru bhAgu / mAIya bAvanna AkSara, pAravarIya kari phAgU / isakA antima 31vA~ chanda isa prakAra hai : "mAIya aratha je bUjhai, sUjhai INa saMsAri / pATha dizyA savi chahisiiM e, lahasiiM sukha nara nAri / 31 // " kAnha-ApakI do racanAyeM prApta haiM / (1) neminAtha phAga-bAramAsa ( gAthA 22), (2) aMcalagaccha nAyaka guru rAsa saM0 1420 khaMbhAta gA0 40 / kavi kAnha zrImAla chAMDA kUla ke the| prathama racanA neminAtha phAga eka bArahamAsA hai jisameM varSa ke bAraha mahIne meM rAjula kA viraha vyathita jIvana darzita hai / isameM kathA kA AdhAra kama aura mArmika varNana adhika hai| ASAr3ha meM nAyikA kI virahavyathA kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai : "dhuri AsADhahaM Unayu, gorI nayaNe neha / gADhai gAjima pApiu, cchAnauvarisa na meh|" varSA kI aMdherI rAta virahiNI ke lie kaisI pIr3AdAyaka hai, isakI abhivyakti isa chanda meM dekhiye : "nisi aMdhAri akalI, madhurai vAsai o mora / viraha satAi pApIu, bAlaMbha hI eka Thora / " 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jana maru gurjara kavi pR0 110 2. zrI mo0 da0 deI-jaM. gu0 ka. bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1481

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228 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa phAga kA prArambha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai| $1 'ahe toraNi vAlaMbha AvIu, yAdava keru caMda | pasU dekhI ratha vAlIu, viha vasi hUu vichaMda 19 / " isI prakAra kaSTa pUrvaka bAraha mahIne virahiNI kATatI hai para priya nahIM milatA : "bAra mAsaha mAhitAM, je ca vaDeru hoi / pabhaNai rANI rAimai, nemi na melai koi / ' antima chanda dekhiye : "kAnha bhaNai saNi rAimai, melisu toru sAmi ATha bhavaMtara prItaDI, siddhi Upari ThAMma // 22 / " isake kaI sthala sarasa bhAvoM se otaprota haiM aura racanA meM kAvya sauSThava kI jhalaka milatI hai / bhASA bhI kAvyocita madhura aura prasAdaguNa sampanna marugurjara hai | ApakI dUsarI racanA 'a~calagaccha nAyaka guru rAsa zuddha sAmpradAyika racanA hai aura isakI bhASA kahIM-kahIM apabhraMza se bojhila hai, udAharaNArtha isakA prathama chaMda Age diyA jA rahA hai / Adi "risaha jiNu namivi guru vayaNa avicala dharI / paMca parameTThi mahamaMtu manidRdu karI / aMcala gacchi gacharAya iNi aNukamii / suguru vanne suu gurubhatti madavikkamii / 1 / Age isake do chanda die jA rahe haiM jinase bhASA ke alAvA racanA aura racanAkAra sambandhI kucha vivaraNa bhI prApta ho sakate haiM yathA"khaMbhAita vara nayara majhAri, dIvAlI dinu anu ravivAre, saMvata caudavisottaraie |37| zrImAlI chAMDA kuli jAu, kAnha taNai mani lAgau bhAu, navau rAsu so ima karaie |38| arthAt chAMDA kulotpanna kAnha kavi ne saM0 1420 meM yaha racanA khaMbhAta meM kii| isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : 4 ' lacchI tAsa sayaMvari Avai, eu rAsu jo paDhai paDhAvai / kAnha kavIsara ima bhaNai e |40| 1 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - marugurjara jaina kavi pR0 65

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 229 isakI bhASA yatratatra apabhraMza se prabhAvita hai kintu sAmAnya rUpa se sarala aura subodha marugurjara hai / guNacandra sUri- Apane vasanta phAgu ( 16 gAthA ) 15 vIM zatAbdI meM likhA / yaha phAgu 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai / phAgu meM racanA kAla nahIM diyA hai / guNacandra nAmaka jaina AcArya vi0 14 vIM aura 15 vIM zatAbdI meM do tIna ho gaye haiM / prastuta phAgu ke lekhaka kauna se guNacandra sUri haiM yaha jAnane kA koI upAya upalabdha nahIM hai / bhASA ke svarUpa ke AdhAra para hI sambhavataH prAcIna phAgu saMgraha ke vidvAn sampAdaka dvaya ne (zrI motIlAla sAMDesarA evaM zrI somAbhAI pArekha ) ise 15 vIM zatI kI kRti mAnA hai| isa phAgu kI eka vicitratA yaha hai ki jaina racanA hote hue bhI isa phAgu meM koI dhArmika kathAnaka nahIM hai| eka jaina sAdhu dvArA zuddha aihika AdhAra para likhA zRGgAra rasa se ota-prota, nakhazikha ke paraparita varNana se yukta yaha eka viralA kAvya hai / apane kathana ke pramANasvarUpa nimnAGkita dohA prastuta kara rahA hU~ --: ' kAmiNi kAraNi bhamarala, bhamatu mAjhima rAti / kAcI kaliya ma bhogavI, bhogavI nava navi bhA~ti / " 1 vasanta aura zRGgAra kA yugapat varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai'jasI taruvara pAkhaMDI, AkhaMDI kAjalireha; bAlapaNAnu nehaDuM vAlamaM kAI Uvekhi / ' bhinna bhinna pradezoM kI kAminiyoM kI saundarya vizeSatAoM ko prakaTa karatA huA kavi Age likhatA hai : "ahe macakaM dihi mana mohiu, lahikAi lAi ma mAsi / catura suraMgI sundarI gUjari kerI nAri |9| " isI prakAra marahaThI, soraThI Adi nAriyoM kA bhI varNana milatA hai / kavi eka sundarI ke kaNThahAra ke hIre se pUchatA hai / "ahe hIraDA tai hari pUjIu, ki jAgu sivarAti, gorI kaNTha na Utari sArI dIha nI rAti / " to hIrA javAba detA hai : 1. 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha' phAgu saMkhyA 13 pR0 56 --

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230 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa "ahe nai harimai ArAhIu, navi jAgu sivarAti, gorI kaNTha na Utari, mAharI uttama jAti / " eka jaina kavi kA uttama jAti ke prati yaha bhAva bhI ullekhanIya haiM / racanA ke anta meM kavi kA nAma hai kintu racanA kAla Adi se sambandhita anya vivaraNa nahIM hai, yathA 'ahe vasanta krIDA tIha ati kari, ANaMda muninI pUri / mana raMgi ema boli, zrI guNacandra sUri / 16 / " isa phAgu kA prArambha nimnalikhita dohe se huA hai :-- ahe phAguNa phalI a bIjoraDI, puhatalu mAsa basanta / bani vani taruara kUpalA, kesU kasama ananta / 1 / yaha phAgu kAvyatva kI dRSTi se eka sarasa racanA hai aura uddAma yauvana ke rasa ko ucchalita karane vAle kAvya-prakAra phAga ke anurUpa hai| isakI bhASA para gurjara kA prabhAva maru kI apekSA adhika hai / saba kula milAkara yaha marugurjara kA eka sarasa jaina kAvya hai| ___ guNaratna sUri - Apa nAyala gacchIya guNasamudra sUri ke praziSya aura guNadeva sUri ke ziSya the| Apane isI zatAbdI meM 'RSabha rAsa' aura 'bharata bAhubali pavADA' nAmaka do racanAe~ kii| RSabha rAsa meM RSabhadeva kA pAvana caritra citrita hai / isakA prArambha nimna paMktiyoM se huA hai : "Adi akSara OMkArasiuM, arihaMsa paNamyosu rAsabaMdha risahesanu nava nava rasa vannesu / nAyalagaccha guNadeva guru, pAmI sugurupasAU, guNa rayaNa sUri imi UcarI vannasu vanitArAu / vaMza ikhAgaha hU~ tavisu, ANI ati ghaNa bhatti / guNatAM gaNa giruyaDi caDi, sarasatti Apu matti / " isakI antima paMktiyA~ dekhiye :"kevala dIpaka tribhuvana bhAMNa, samosaraNa mAMhi kari baSAMNa / guNaratna sUri svAmI jayavaMta, prathama prabandha RSabha jayavanta / 143 / iti RSabha carite prathama prabandha / ' 1. zrI mo0 60 desAI -jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 30

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 231 'bharata bAhubali pavADA' ke anta meM 'iti zrI bharatha bAhubali sambandha dvitIyo prabandha' likhakara yaha zaMkA utpanna kara dI hai ki ye donoM eka hI racanA ke do bhAga haiM yA donoM do svatantra prabandha graMtha haiM ? 'pavADA' kA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai : "paDhama jiNesara pAya namu nita, se truJja kero svAmi, ahadisa Adita nAma japanAM, duragati nAsi nAma / " yaha aDatAla caupai chanda hai, ise lekhaka ne 'pavAr3A' kahA hai, yathA "Adi kUari karUM vInatI, brAhmI ama vara dIji, bharatha bAhubali taNo pavADo, tujha pasAmi kIji / 5 / " isa pavADe ke anta kI paMktiyAM Age uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM :-- 'a japaMtA aMgi pApa na lAgi, avihau sukha ananta / zrI guNaratna sUrI imaM boli, zrI AdinAtha jayavaMta / 397 / ' apane nAma ke anurUpa yaha eka vistRta pavADA hai aura prabandha kAvya kI mAnyatAoM ke karIba hai / isa pavADe meM jaina saMsAra kI suparicita bharata aura bAhubali kI kathA kA AkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA svAbhAvika aura sarala marugurjara hai| yaha racanA 15 vIM zatAbdI kI hai| isa sambandha meM zrI desAIjI ne kaI AdhAra die haiM inameM pramukha AdhAra yaha hai ki inake guru guNasamudra sUri ne saM0 1492 meM paMcatIrtha ke bimba kI pratiSThA karAI thii| ataH ise 15vIM zatI kI racanA mAnanA yuktiyukta lagatA hai| cAMpa-caMpa-Apane saM0 1445 meM bhaTTAraka devasundara sUri rAsa likhaa| isameM ukta sarijI kA caritra 55 padyoM meM likhA gayA hai| yaha racanA abhI aprakAzita hai / isakI prati zrI nAhaTAjI ke saMgraha meM hai| caMpa kavi kRta nalacaritra yA 'nala davadaMtI rAsa' bhI 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai, isalie yaha adhika sambhava hai ki donoM - cA~pa aura caMpa-eka hI kavi hoN| nalacaritra kI prati khaNDita hai ata racanA sambandhI adhika vivaraNa nahIM prApta hai / yaha saM0 1498 ke AsapAsa kI racanA kahI gaI hai| isakA prathama padya isa prakAra hai 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA AdikAla' paramparA' vizeSAMka pR0 181 saM0 zrI nArAyaNa siMha bhATI 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI 'jai0 gu0 ka0' bhAga 3 pR0 434-435 i

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232 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa "Adi naravara Adi naravara Adi bhagavanta, AdIzvara zrI Adijina / AdinAha AdihiM prasidhauM / Adi jogI guranimIu, Adi vaNa vanyAsa lIdhau / Adidhamma prakAsIyau, AdihiM arihaMta deva / Adi lagai ahanisi amara, karai jugalapaya seva / 1 / " isameM 179 ke bAda 240 kar3I taka khaNDita hai / 241 aura 242 ke bAda punaH prati khaNDita hone se vAMchita vivaraNa nahIM upalabdha ho sake haiN| antima paMktiyoM ko dekhane se lagatA haiM ki eka-do kar3iyoM ke bAda hI racanA samApta hone vAlI thI kyoMki AzIrvAdAtmaka paMktiyA~ racanA ke anta kI hI sUcaka lagatI haiM, yathA - 'akamanAM je nita ArAdhai, teha ghari dina-dina saMpati bAdhai / thor3ai sevii phala ghaNoM, uttama jina saMpUru dIThau, jima jima joii..." Age khaNDita hai| yaha prati mAMDaNa kRta siddhacakrarAsa ke sAtha eka hI prati meM prApta huI hai, isake alAvA bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI mAMDaNa kRta siddha cakrarAsa aura nala davadaMtIrAsa eka hI samaya kI racanAyeM lagatI haiN| mAMDaNa zreSThikRta siddhacakrarAsa saM0 1498 kI racanA hai ataH isakA bhI racanAkAla isI ke AsapAsa hogaa| devasundara sUri rAsa kA racanAkAla saM0 1445 kahA gayA hai| isa kathana ke lie zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne koI pramANa prakAzita nahIM kiyA hai| isase yaha zaMkA bhI hotI hai ki eka hI kavi kI do racanAoM ke bIca 50 varSa kA lambA antarAla kyoM hai ? kyA inake donoM lekhaka do vyakti to nahIM haiM ? yaha pahelI vidvAnoM ke samakSa hala ke lie prastuta hai| ... jayakezara muni ApakI racanA 'jayatilaka sUri caupai' (32 gAthA) 15 vIM zatI kI racanA hai| yaha eka aitihAsika caupai hai jisameM kavi ne jayatilaka sUri kA, jo tapAgacchIya abhayasiMha sUri ke ziSya the, guNAnuvAda kiyA hai / isake prathama do chanda nimnalikhita haiM

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 233 " sAmiNi sarasati taNai pasAi, nitu mana vAMchita kavita karAi | amha mani Aja Upanu bhAu, bhagatihivannisu suhaguru rAya | garuyA abhayasiMha sUrIMda, tAsa paTTa ujjoyaNa canda | tapAgaccha maMDaNU guNavaMta, siri jayatilaka sUri jayavaMta / / " 1 isake 32 veM ( antima ) chanda meM lekhaka kA nAma AyA hai, kintu anya apekSita vivaraNa anupalabdha hai, yathA " iNa pari je nitu suhaguru thuNai, teu ca upai je zravaNihi suNai / jayakesari muNivara ima kahai, Rddhi vRddhi maMgala te lahai | 32 | " isakI 16 vIM zatAbdI kI likhita pratilipi bhAratIya vidyA mandira, bambaI meM upalabdha hai / -- ayatilaka sUri- isI zatAbdI kI likhI huI jayatilaka sUri kI 'giranAra caitya paripATI' nAmaka racanA ( 18 gAthA ) upalabdha hai / isakA prathama chanda dekhiye - - "sarasati varasati amiya ja vANI, hRdaya kamala abbhiMtara ANI, jANIya kaviyaNi chando / " girinAra girivarahaja kerI, citra pravAr3i karUu naverI, pUrIya paramANaMdo |1| isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai "hU~ mUrakha paNai acche ajANa, zrI jayatilaka sUri bahu mAnaM, mAnu mana mAMhi aiho / par3hai guNai je e navaraMgI, cetya pravAr3i atihi sRcaMgI, caMgI karaI sudeho |18|| 3 isakI bhASA 'Na'kAra kI bahulatA ke alAvA anya dRSTiyoM se bilkula purAnI hindI ke karIba hai / 'Na'kAra kI bahulatA rAjasthAnI yA apabhraMza kA prabhAva ho sakatA hai / yaha eka sarala aura saMkSipta racanA haiM jo marugurjara bhASA meM racita hai / jayamitra halla - Apa dakSiNa bhAratIya digambara vidvAn pratIta hote haiM / ApakI do racanAoM - vaDDhamANa kavva ( varddhamAna caritra ) yA seNiu cariu tathA malliNAha kavva (mallinAtha carita) kA samaya vi0 kI 15vIM zatAbdI batAyA gayA hai / varddhamAna caritra devarAya ke putra holivarmA ko samarpita hai / yaha gyAraha saMdhiyoM kI racanA hai| isameM tIrthaMkara 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA -ma0 gu0 jaM0 kavi, pR0 72 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA -ma0 gu0 je0 kavi, pU0 73

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234 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa varddhamAna kA caritra varNita hai| prasaMgataH tatkAlIna magadha samrATa bimbasAra yA zreNika kA ullekha bhI A gayA hai| inhoMne apane guru kA nAma padmanandi aura putra kA nAma alha sAha batAyA hai| isakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1545 kI prApta hai ataH racanA avazya isase pUrva kI hogii| ApakI dUsarI racanA 'malliNAha kavva' meM 19veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha kA caritra varNita hai| bhASA para apabhraMza kA prabhAva adhika hone se yaha racanA 15vIM zatAbdI kI anya svAbhAvika marugurjara meM likhI racanAoM se dUra par3a gaI hai| vaDDhamANakavva para apabhraMza kA prabhAva isase bhI adhika hai ataH kula milAkara jayamitra halla ko apabhraMza kA kavi mAnane ke pakSa meM hI adhika vidvAn haiM, isalie inakI racanAoM ke vivaraNa, uddharaNa Adi nahIM diye gaye haiN| jayamUrti gaNi-Apane 15vIM zatAbdI meM 64 gAthAoM kI eka racanA 'mAtRkA' nAma se likhI hai| isameM caupaI chanda kA adhika prayoga huA hai / bhASA sarala marugurjara hai / udAharaNa svarUpa isake Adi aura anta kI paMktiyA~ prastuta karatA haiAdi "Adi praNava samaru savicAra, bIjI mAyA tribhuvani sAra / zrImaMta maNI japu nizidIsa, arihaMta paya nitu nAmusIsa / gaNahara garu u goyama sAmi, akhaya nidhi hui tehanai nAmi / navanidhAna tahaM caUdaya rayaNa, je nitu samarai gautama vayaNa (2 / anta gautama mAiya avigata huI, anubhavi jayamUrati gaNi khii| lokAloki ehanu vyApu. yati jANai joi Apu / 64 / " isakI bhASA purAnI hindI yA marugurjara hai| nAhaTA jI ne isa prakAra kI kaI racanAoM-mAtakA phAga, mAtRkA, dIpaka mAI, Atmabodha mAtRkA aura zRGgAra mAI Adi kA vivaraNa ma0 gu0 je0 kavi meM diyA hai| jayavallabha gaNi-Apa mANikya sundara sUri ke ziSya the ataH ApakA lekhana kAla usI samaya ke AsapAsa hogaa| ApakI racanA 'sthUlabhadra bAsaThioM kA samaya 15vIM zatAbdI nizcita hai / isameM sthUlabhadra kI purAnI paricita kathA bAsaThIo nAmaka naI kAvya vidhA meM prastuta kI gaI hai| zrI desAI ne isakI bhASA ko junI gujarAtI kahA hai| unhoMne isakA koI uddharaNa nahIM diyA hai ataH bhASA ke sambandha meM kucha nizcayapUrvaka kaha pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-marugujara jaina kavi pR0 111 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jaina sAhitya no itihAsa pu0 488 -

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 235 jayazekhara sUri - Apa mahendra sUri ke ziSya the / Apane tribhuvana dIpaka prabandha athavA paramahaMsa prabandha, neminAtha phAga, neminAtha dhavala, stavana, vIsa viharamAna vInatI, arbudAcala vInatI, zatrujaya vInatI Adi likhA hai| ApakI racanA zIlasaMdhi saMdhikAvya kI paramparA meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai / saMskRta meM Apane 'ajita zAntistava' Adi likhA hai| Apane saM0 1460 ke AsapAsa dvitIya neminAtha phAgu ( 49 gA0 ) likhA jo 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita hai / Apa merutuMga sUri ke gurubhAI aura mahendraprabha sUri ke ziSya the| mahendraprabha sUri aJcalagaccha ke saMsthApaka AcArya AryarakSita sUri kI paramparA meM siMhatilaka sUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1436 meM nRsamudra nagara meM upadeza cintAmaNi (12000 zloka) nAmaka bRhad graMtha likhA / saM0 1462 meM khaMbhAta meM Apane prabodhacintAmaNi nAmaka graMtha saMskRta meM likhA, usI para AdhArita marugurjara bhASA meM tribhuvana dIpaka prabandha likhA gayA hai / Apane saMskRta meM dhammila mahAcarita mahAkAvya, jainakumArasaMbhava Adi graMtha bhI likhe the| tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha kI bhASA ko pustaka kI prastAvanA meM zrI lAlacanda paMDita ne junI gujarAtI kahA hai / isakI tulanA meM narasI mehatA aura mIrAbAI kI bhASA arvAcIna lagatI hai| isI kI bhASA ko lakSya karake pro0 maNilAla namubhAI dvivedI ne kahA hai ki gajarAtI bhASA ko gajarAtI rUpa dene vAle jaina lekhaka hI haiN| isameM aneka prakAra ke chanda jaise dUhA, caupaI, chappaya Adi, aneka rAga jaise dhrupada, akatAlI, gUjarI aura dezI DhAla-vastu Adi kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha 418 kar3I kA eka vistRta prabandha kAvya hai / bhASA aura zailI ke namUne ke taura para isake Adi aura anta kI kucha paMktiyA~ Age uddhata kI jA rahI haiM - Adi "pahilaM paramesara namI, avigatu avicala citti / samarisu samarasi jhIlatI, haMsAsaNi sarasatti / mAnasa sari jAM nirmalai, karai kutUhala haMsu, tAM sarasati raMgi rahai, josI jaNai DaMsu / 2 / 2 isakA antima chanda prastuta hai : - "kalpa kAmadhenu a hoI, a cintAmaNi avara na koii| aha ji zivapurInau paMtha, jIvana ahaji savihuM granthi / 1. zrI mA0 da0 desAI--jai0 ga0 ka0 bhA0 1 pR0 24-25 vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mUlimaMtra maNi me mani mAni, tapa japanau phala ehaja dhyAni, iNi savisaMpada Avai pUri, imi bolai jaya zehara sUri / 447 // " tribhuvanadIpaka aha prabandha, pApataNau nAMsara nara gaMdha jA gayaNAMgaNi dhruthira thAi, jAM mahiyala diNayara shshiraai|48| jaisA zrI desAI kA kathana hai ki isakI bhASA gujarAtI hai to isase merA yaha kathana adhika spaSTa rUpa se pramANita hotA hai ki junI gujarAtI aura purAnI hindI yA marugurjara meM kevala nAma bheda hai, tattvabheda nahIM hai / isa kAvya kI prazaMsA meM prasiddha vidvAn kezavalAla dhruva ne kahA hai ki isa kAvya ke bandha kI saralatA, vANI kA prasAda aura kavitA kI gamaka kisI anya racanA meM sugamatA se nahIM miltii| isake do saMskaraNa prakAzita ho cuke haiM / Apa junI gujarAtI yA marugurjara ke uccakoTi ke lekhakoM meM agragaNya haiM / isake atirikta, jaisA pahale kahA jA cukA hai Apane saMskRta aura prAkRta meM bhI anekAneka bRhad grantha gadya aura padyabaddha likhe haiM / 'neminAtha phAgu' nAma se ApakI do racanAyeM prApta haiM / prathama phAgu gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala sirIja meM chapa cukA hai aura dUsarI phAgu prAcIna phAgusaMgraha meM saMkalita antima racanA hai| isakA racanA kAla saM0 1460 ke AsapAsa batAyA gayA hai| prathama phAgu ke Adi anta kI paMktiyA~ yahA~ prastuta kI jA rahI haiM :Adi "jiNi jagi jIta u samarasi, amara ziromaNi kAMmu / vilasai siddha sayaMvara, saMvara guNi abhirAmu / nirupama nipuNa niraMjana, raMjana jana mana cAru / pAmIya suhaguru Aisu, gAisu nemikumAra / anta "nija yaza disi disi vyApao, thApao cauviha saMgha / sUrau tehaja sAmiya dhyAmiya kAmiya raMga / __ kavitu vinodihiM sirijaya sirijayasehara sUri / je khelai te arvapada saMpada pAmai pUri / isameM kula 58 kar3iyA~ haiM / racanA meM lekhana kAla ullikhita nahIM hai| dvitIya 'neminAtha phAgu jo prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita hai , 49 kar3I kI racanA hai| isake Arambha kI paMktiyA~ yahA~ prastuta haiM :-- Adi "paNamiya sivagati gAmIya, sAmIya savi arihaMta / suranara nAha, namasiya, daMsiya sayala duhaMta / gAisu maNa aNurAgihiM phAgihiM nemikumAra / jiNi jagi sayala vidIhau, jItau bhujabali mAru / "

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anta maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 'nava juvaNa bhari sIla sabalu sohAgihi saaro| maNavaMchiya phala deu deu, sivi devi mlhaaro| siri mahiMdappaha sUrasIsi jayase hari kIjai / phAgU eu bhaviyaNa vasanta RtU rasihiM rmiiji|" rAsa meM kAma kA lubhAvanA varNana hai| vasanta AyA, kAma tribhuvana jItane calA, kavi likhatA hai "vihasiya ratipati Rtupati tau avatariu vasanta / bhuvaNa parAjaya saMyuhu vammuha cariu haMsaMtu / ' sabhI vasantotsava meM lIna ho jAte haiM kintu nemi isase alaga rahate haiN| una para na to kAma kA aura na RturAja kA koI uddIpaka prabhAva par3atA haiM; lekina kRSNa kI patniyoM aura mA~ ne samajhA-bujhAkara unheM rAjula se vivAha ke lie taiyAra kiyaa| isa avasara para kavi ne maukA pAkara rAjula ke rUpa kA bar3A mohaka varNana kiyA hai yathA "tivaliya sulaliu upada desu puNa nAhiM salUNiya / dekhiya viDala niya vaMvibu ziru kavaNi ma dhaNiu / ' vivAha kI taiyArI, bArAta kA prasthAna aura nemi kI zobhAyAtrA kA varNana prabhAvakArI hai| toraNa dvAra para pahu~ca kara vahA~ ba~dhe balipazuoM ko dekha kara nemi ko virakti hotI hai aura logoM ke lAkha samajhAne-manAne ke bAvajUda ve revaMta parvata para jAkara tapasyA meM lIna ho jAte haiN| isaprakAra nemi rAjula kI isa bahucarcita kathA ke AdhAra para kavi jayazekhara ne yaha manorama phAgu likhA hai| inakI eka anya kRti bhI neminAtha para hI AdhArita hai jisakA nAma hai-'neminAtha dhavala / ' isameM kula 13 gAthAyeM haiN| isake Adi aura anta kI paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jA rahI haiMAdi "dvArikA ghari ghari maMgala cAru, samudravijayanaravara tnnuu| sivadevi mADi taNau malhAi, nemikumara vara pariNIi / ugrasena rAya taNIya kumAri, rAjala rupi ralIyAmaNI / anta rANI rAjali taNau Ananda kavijaNa ketalauM kevalaI / jaya jaya jagaguru nemi jiNiMdu, jINi teui jai pUrIu / " yaha maMgala gIta eka prakAra kA lokagIta hotA hai jo vivAha Adi mAMgalika avasaroM para gAyA jAtA hai / isakI bhASA bhI sAhitya guNasampanna sarasa marugurjara hai| 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 244

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238 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jayasAgara upAdhyAya-Apa jinarAjasUri ( kharatara gaccha ) ke prathama ziSya the| saMskRta bhASA meM racita pRthvIcandra caritra meM apanA paricaya dete hue inhoMne apane dIkSAguru kA nAma jinarAjasUri aura vidyAguru kA nAma jinavardhana sUri batAyA hai| jayasAgara upAdhyAya ke sambandha meM zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne apanA eka lekha 'zodhapatrikA' meM prakAzita karAyA hai, vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie use dekhA jA sakatA hai| Apa saMskRta, prAkRta, marugurjara Adi bhASAoM ke prakANDa paNDita the aura ina sabhI bhASAoM meM Apane racanAyeM kI haiN| ApakI ullekhanIya kRtiyoM kA nAma Age diyA jA rahA hai :-(1) jina kuzala sUri catuSpadikA saM0 148, malika vaahnnpur| isakA saMkSipta saMskaraNa gurubhaktoM meM bahuta lokapriya hai aura nitya pATha kiyA jAtA hai, (2) caityaparipATI saM0 1487, (3) vayarasvAmi guru rAsa saM0 1489 jUnAgar3ha, ( 4 ) aSTApada bAvanI, (5) neminAtha vivAhalA, (6) giranAra vInatI, (7) kalyANamandira bhASA, (8) nagarakoTTa mahAtIrtha caitya paripATI (gAthA 17 ), (9) gautama rAsa ( 12 gA0 ), (10) aSTAdaza tIrtha bAvanI (54 gA0 ), (11) caubIsa jina stotra ( 14 gAthA ) ityAdi / inameM jaisA kahA jA cukA hai 'jina kuzala sUri catuSpadI' sabase lokapriya racanA hai| usake Adi aura anta ke chanda uddha ta kie jA rahe haiM :Adi "risaha jiNesara jo jayau, maMgala keli nivAsa, vAsava vaMdiya payakamala jagahetu pUraiAsa / anta-kAI karahu pRthivIpati sevA, kAiM manAvau devI devA, ciMtA ANai kAI mani / bArabAra dui kavitu bhaNIjai, zrIjinakuzala sUri samarIjai, __ saraI kAja AyAsa vinnu| saMvat cauda igAsiya varisihiM, malikahaNapurakarimana harisihi, ajiyajiNesa pasAyavasi / kiyau kavita hui maMgalakAraNa, vidhana harai para pApa nivAraNa, koi ma saMsau karahamani // 69 // zrI jayasAgara mahopAdhyAya kRta zrI jinakuzalasUri catuSpadikA ko dAdA jinakuzalasUri nAmaka pustaka zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne prakAzita 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 27, bhAga 3 khaMDa 1 pR0 430. 431 aura bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1479 .

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239 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kiyA hai| yaha kula 70 padyoM kI racanA hai| isakA antima ( 70 vA~) padya nimnAGkita hai : "jayasAgara uvajhAya tima, ima jo suhaguru guNa abhinandai / riddhi samRddhihiM so cirunandai, manavaMchita phala tAsu havaie // 70 // " isakI bhASA meM sahaja pravAha, geyatA aura RjutA hone ke kAraNa yaha bhaktoM kA kaNThahAra hai| ise sabhI kaMThastha karate aura nityapArAyaNa karate haiN| isakI bhASA svAbhAvika marugurjara hai| isa para apabhraMza kA yatkicit prabhAva bhI nahIM hai / sambhavataH janatA meM itanI lokapriya hone ke kAraNoM meM eka isakI lokapriya bhASA zailI bhI hai| "dAdA jinakuzala sUri" nAmaka pustaka ke sampAdaka zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ke sAtha zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA bhI haiN| inakI dUsarI mahatvapUrNa racanA caityaparipATI ( gAthA 21 ) saM0 1487 kI likhI eka aitihAsika racanA hai| isameM pATaNa, rAyapura, mahasANA, zatrujaya, pAlitANA, giranAra, jUnAgar3ha Adi ke caityoM kA ullekha hai| isake Adi kI paMktiyA~ dekhiye :-- "manoraMgi maI ApaNai buddhi pAmI, ja jaNaUphirI vaMdiyai bhuvnnsaamii| tA ANaMdi je vaMdiyA bhavasAraM, valI te jiNe vaMdiyo vAravAraM // 1 // " anta "iya dosanAsaNa payaDa sAsaNa sahupayASaNa keviyA / baha ThANasaMThiya devajiNavai bhAvabhattihiM seviyA // te Aja cahavia saMgha maMgala raMga dANa samaggalA / maha diMtu nivvuha sujahUsAgara bodhilAla samujjalA // 21 // " yaha prakAzita racanA hai| 'nagarakoTTa mahAtIrtha caitya paripATI' ( gA0 17 ) kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ namUne ke lie prastuta haiM :-- mujha mani lAgiya ba~ti jalaMdhara desaha bhaNiya / tIratha vaMdaNa resi, nagarakoTTi tau Aviyau // 'vayarasvAmiguru rAsa' saM0 1489 jUnAgar3ha kI antima paMktiyA~ dekhiye "jUnaigar3hi zrI nemi pasAi, zrI jayasAgara varakAya uvajhAi; (1489) cauda nivyAsI vachara ho, imi gaNahara suvihANa thunniiji| ucchava maMgala rAsa ramIjai, zreya zAMti saMpatti kro||" anta meM 'caturviMzati jina stuti' nAmaka loka pracalita racanA ke Adi aura anta kI paMktiyA~ uddha ta kI jA rahI haiM tAki unake sphuTa stavanAdi kA pratinidhitva ho jAya :--

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240 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa Adi "suvihANai jai Aja maI dIThauM risaha jiNesa, nayaNa kamala jima ullasai, Ugiu bhalaI diNesa / 1" anta "iya kavitta succhaMdihiM, mana ANaMdihi jayasAgara uvajhAya kiya, jo par3hai suThANihiM madhuriya vANihiM, so nara pAmai sukhasaya / / / " isameM sAhityika saundarya to sAmAnya koTi kA hai kintu aitihAsika sUcanAyeM asAdhAraNa koTi kI upalabdha haiM jinase jaina dharma aura tatkAlIna bRhattara bhAratIya jana-jIvana ko samajhane meM sugamatA ho sakatI hai| inakI sabhI racanAoM ke uddharaNa denA yA unake vivaraNa prastuta karanA apanI sImA ke kAraNa sambhava nahIM hai| yahA~ to unakI pustakoM kI sUcanA, kucha pustakoM ke uddharaNoM dvArA unakI bhASA zailI kA namUnA aura samagra rUpa se unake lekhakIya vyaktitva kA mUlyAGkana karanA hI abhISTa hai / / jayasiMha sUri -( kRSNarSIya ) Apa kRSNarSi yA kanharisi ke ziSya the ataH kRSNarSi yA kanharisi saMtAnIya jayasiMhasUri kahe jAte the| Apane saM0 1422 meM apanA prasiddha mahAkAvya 'kumArapAla carita' saMskRta meM likhA thaa| marugurjara meM likhI ApakI do phAgu racanAyeM upalabdha haiMprathama neminAtha phAgU aura dvitIya neminAtha phaagu| ye donoM phAgu zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarA dvArA sampAdita prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita haiN| inakA samaya bhI saM0 1422 ke AsapAsa hI hogaa| purAne samaya se phAgu racanA kI do paddhatiyA~ pracalita rahI haiM / eka zailI ke pratinidhi zrI jinapadmasUri aura zrI rAjazekhara sUri haiM jisameM kRti ko bhAsoM meM vibhakta karake dohA-rolA Adi chandoM meM likhA jAtA hai| dUsarI zailI kI pratinidhi racanA 'vasanta vilAsa phAgu' hai jisameM Antara prAsa yA Antara yamaka vAle dohoM meM pUrNa kAvya racanA kI jAtI hai| prastuta phAguoM meM se prathama phAgu prathama paddhati kI aura dvitIya phAgu dvitIya zailI kI racanA hai| prathama phAgU meM kUla 29 kar3I hai| isameM nemi ke janma ke bAda vasanta varNana kA prasaMga liyA gayA hai| kavi likhatA hai ki bhramara guMjAra karate haiM mAno RturAja kI virudAvalI bakhAnate haiM yathA :-- "bhamaiM bhamara madhupAnamatta jhaMkAru karaMtA, riturAyaha kiribhaTTa thaTTa varakitti pddh'taa| pasariu parimala malai vAu dasa disi pUraMto, bhAmiNi kAmiNi manaha mAMni takkhaNi cUraMto //

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 245 eka dina jalakrIr3A ke samaya kRSNa kI rAniyoM ne inase vivAha kA prasaMga calAyA aura vivAha ke lie taiyAra kiyaa| inakA vivAha rAjImatI se nizcita ho gyaa| rAjImatI kI rUpazobhA kA varNana kavi karatA hai, yathA-- "dappaNa nimmala tasu kapola nAsA tilphuulaa| hIrA jima jhalakaMta daMta paMtihi nahi mulla / ahiru prabAlau kaMThu karai koila sai vAdo, rAjala vANiya veNa vINa UtArai naado||" yaha rUpa varNana prathama bhAsa se prArambha hokara dUsare bhAsa meM bhI calatA rahatA hai| vaha zarIra zobhA ke sAtha-sAtha rAjula ke svabhAva-saundarya kA bhI sUkSma citraNa karatA hai| kavi kahatA hai :-- vinaya viveka vicArasIla lIlA suvisAlA, raMbhu tiluttamu sarisa ruva sA rAjala baalaa| idhara mAtA ne putra nemikUmAra kA zRMgAra kiyaa| vivAha ke lie barAta calI, donoM ora kA maMgala utsAha avarNanIya thA, parantu baMdhe pazuoM ko dekhakara unheM ghora vairAgya ho gayA aura vivAha ko gale kA phaMdA samajhakara ve tapasyA ke lie revaMtagiri para cale gye| ranivAsa meM samAcAra milate hI vahA~ koharAma maca gyaa| rAjula jhaMjhA se chinnavallarI ke samAna bhUmi para loTa-loTa kara vilApa karane lgii| Anandotsava kA sampUrNa dRzya kSaNabhara meM ghora viSAda aura karuNA meM parivartita ho gyaa| isa prakAra jaina matAnusAra rAsa kA anta zAnta rasa meM ho gayA / rAsa ke anta meM kavi ne likhA hai :-- "bhaviya jiNesara bhavaNa raMgi riturAu rameNau, kanharisi jayasiMha sUri kiu phAgu khevu|" isa prakAra yaha prathama phAgu kAvyatva tathA kathAzilpa kI dRSTi se eka uttama racanA bana par3I hai| isakI bhASA prasAda evaM mAdhurya guNa sampanna, yatratatra alaMkAroM se vibhUSita kAvyocita marugurjara hai| inakI dUsarI kRti neminAtha phAgu dvitIya (49 kar3I) kI apekSAkRta kucha bar3I racanA hai| yaha vasanta varNana se prArambha hotI hai, vasanta kI zobhA kA varNana kavi ke zabdoM meM dekhiye :-- 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 12 se 16 taka /

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242 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa " bani vani kusumahi vihasai vanasai bhRMga bhramaMti / peSiti virahiNi caMpaya saMpaya kaMpa karaMti // " isameM bhI bhramaroM kI upamA bhAToM se dI gaI hai jo tatkAlIna darabArI prabhAva kA dyotaka hai, yathA- "phiriphiri vani vani madhukara nikara karaI jhaMkAru / jItau jagu kari amarasu samarasu kiri jayakAru // 10 // | "" isI vasanta meM nemikumAra ke vivAha kA nizcaya aura rAjula kI rUpazobhA kA paraMparita DhaMga se nakhazikha varNana Adi kiyA gayA hai / prAyaH ve hI upamAyeM yahA~ bhI milatI haiM jinheM hama prathama phAgu meM dekha cuke haiM, yathA :-- " gajapati karavara pIvara uruya hariNI jaMgha, kamala sukomala navadala padadala guNihi alaMgha / " isake pazcAt vivAhotsava ke varNana ke antargata bArAta kA prasthAna aura donoM pakSoM kA sAjazRMgAra varNana karane ke bAda balipazuoM ko dekhakara neminAtha ke virakta hone kI ghaTanA kA varNana pUrvavat kiyA gayA hai kintu isameM rAjula kA vilApa jyAdA mArmika hai / nemi apane nizcaya para dRr3ha rahate haiM / ve dIkSA lete haiM aura tapa dvArA kevalajJAna prApta karate haiM / isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM ---- "kevala nANihi vaNihi dediu saMsaya kaMdu, sIdhau sivapura gAmiu sAmiu nemi jiNaMdu | kInhau kanhamunIsara gaNahara jayasiMha sUri, phAgu suNataha pApu paNAsa dUri // "" Apa eka pratibhAzAlI AcArya aura uttama racanAkAra the / jaina sAhitya kI lokapriya kathA - nemikumAra para AdhArita inake donoM phAgu sAhitya kI uttama kRtiyA~ haiM / inake ziSya prasannacandra ke ziSya nayacandra sUri ne prasiddha rANA hammIra para mahAkAvya likhA thA / Apake ziSya-praziSyoM kI lambI aura samRddha paramparA milatI hai / jayAnanda sUri - ApakA AcArya kAla saM0 1420 se 1449 taka thA / " 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 18 2. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 21 3. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jaina sAhitya no itihAsa pR0 443

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 243 devaratna sUri Apake paTTadhara the jinake caritra para AdhArita unake kisI ziSya ne 'devaratna sUri phAgu' likhA hai jo jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya meM prakAzita hai| ataH ApakA samaya 15 vIM zatAbdI nizcita hai / ApakI eka racanA 'sthUlibhadra carita' kA ullekha zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne kiyA hai kintu isa kRti kA vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai / zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 13 para inakI eka anya racanA 'kSetra prakAza rAsa' kA nAmollekha kiyA hai kintu bhAga 3 pR0 412 meM likhA hai ki bhAga 1 meM 'kSetra prakAza rAsa' kA karttA bhUla se jayAnanda sUri ko likhA gayA thA, vastutaH isake karttA RSabhadAsa haiM jo 17 vIM zatAbdI meM hue, arthAt yaha racanA 17 vIM zatAbdI kI hogI / aisI sthiti meM isa racanA kA vivaraNa denA upayogI nahIM samajhA gayA kyoMki racanA vivAdagrasta hai aura jaba taka kucha nizcita rUpa se na jJAta ho sake, racanA kA lekhaka kise kahA jAya ? kSetra prakAza kA racanAkAla zrI desAI ne saM 1410 ke AsapAsa batAyA hai / jinabhadra sUri- Apa kharataragaccha ke prabhAvazAlI AcArya the / ApakA AcArya kAla saM0 1475 se saM0 1514 taka thA / Apa zrI jinarAja sUri ke ziSya the / Apake pitA kA nAma dhANika aura mAtA kA nAma khetala de thA / ApakA janma saM0 1449 meM huA / Apake bacapana kA nAma rAmaNakumAra thA / Apa uccakoTi ke sAdhaka, vidvAn evaM pratibhAzAlI lekhaka the / Apane saM0 1475 ke AsapAsa 'mahAvIra gIta' likhaa| Apane marugurjara meM likhe gIta ke alAvA jinasattarI ( prAkRta ) aura sUrimaMtrakalpa ( saMskRta ) Adi kI bhI racanA kI / Apane hajAroM jIrNa pratiyoM kA uddhAra karAyA aura anekAneka zAstrabhaNDAra sthApita karAye jinameM jaisalamera kA jinabhadra sUri jJAna bhaNDAra lokavizruta hai / ApakI prastuta marugurjara kI racanA 'mahAvIragIta' eka manohara gIta hai / ATha gAthA kI yaha racanA sA~caura meM likhI gii| isakA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai -- "tribhuvana guru cauvIsamauo / samaravIo siri vara vIra, tasu hauM cariya vakkhANisauo / prANatai o caviya devaloki, trisalA de kukhi avatariUo || " isa gIta kI antima paMktiyA~ bhI prastuta haiM : "saccaura nayarihi guruya raMgihi jIvanavala jiNi bhaggau / hammIra jasu bhaya jAi naTThau vIra calaNA laggau /

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244 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa so deva sAmiya suguru siri jiNabhadra sUrihi seviu / yahabodhi dAyaka havau saMghai sivasirI suha saMthiu / ' jinaratna sUri-kharatara gacchIya prasiddha AcArya jinaratna sUri 14 vIM zatAbdI meM ho gaye kintu ApakI racanAyeM-'arbudAlaMkAra zrI yugAdideva sta0' aura 'neminAtha sta0' kA samaya saM0 1430 ke AsapAsa batAyA jAtA hai ataH ye avazya koI dUsare jinaratna sUri hoMge / tapAgacchIya jinazekhara sUri ke ziSya jinaratnasUri ina racanAoM ke lekhaka ho sakate haiM kyoMki unakA samaya vi0 saM0 1430 yA 1440 ke AsapAsa ThaharatA hai| isakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1430 kI likhI zrI nAhaTA jI ke saMgraha meM surakSita hai ataH aura pahale kI racanA bhI ho sakatI hai| ye donoM stavana' haiM ataH viSaya to spaSTa hI hai| __jinavaddhana sUri-Apako AcArya pada saM0 1461 meM milA thaa| ataH Apane pUrvadezatIrthamAlA (gA032) isI ke AsapAsa likhI hogii| isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye : "hiyaya sarovare dhariya gururAya, sUri jiNarAya payAraviMda / viNaya bahumANahi puvvavara desi, saMThiyA thuNau titthANabaMda // 1 // " pahilauM saccaura nayari paNamevi, vIrajiNesara kapparukkha / tayaNu siri rayaNapuri saMti titthaMkara, vaMdau nAsiyA sayala dukha // 2 // isakI antima paMktiyA~ bhI bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM prastuta haiM :-- "imma jammaThANai siri nihANai gAma nayarahi saMsiyA / siri sakala jiNavara ghaNa guNAlaya lakkharAya namasiyA // jiNa biMba saggi payAli mahIyali, je asAsaya sAsayA, te namau~ pUyauthuNau bhattihiM, siddhimagga pabhAsayA // 32 // " jinavaddhamAna sUri- ApakI racanA 'tapogaccha gurvAvalI' saM0 1482 se pUrva likhI gii| yaha prAcya bhAratI vidyAbhavana kI traimAsikI ke prathama aMka meM prakAzita hai| yaha gaccha ke guruoM kI kramavAra sUcanA prApta karane kI dRSTi se paThanIya hai| isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye---- vitaratu maMgalamAlA samasta saMghasya varddhamAna jina, yatpaTa sevA saMprati, kalpalatA bhISTa phaladAne / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1478 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 ja0 kavi pR0 82

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245 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya pratibodhita aneka bhavya jIvasamAja apazcima tIrthAdhirAja; zrI varddhamAna svAmi zrI saMgha rahai maMgalIkamAlA kru|" isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : "gujjara mAlava medapATa marahaTTa kaliMgihiM siMdhu jalapathi kanyakubji karNAdi subhoTihiM, harabhuja kosala pamuha desa jasu kItti agajjai / jAM diNayara varacaMda meru pUhavItali chjji| tAM vIranAhajiNavara thikaupaMcAsama vara pATaghara / siri gaccha saMgha parivAra sahita, somasundara guru jayau ciru / " aisI racanAoM se sAhityika sthaloM kI apekSA nahIM rahatI kintu inakA gaccha sambandhI itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai| jinazekhara -Apa jina tilaka sUri ke ziSya the| Apane 15 vIM zatAbdI meM kisI samaya 'caturviMzati namaskAra' nAmaka 24 chaMdoM kI eka choTI racanA kii| isake Adi aura anta ke chanda bhASA ke udAharaNasvarUpa Age prastuta kie jA rahe haiM :Adi "tihaaNa-maMDaNa vimala nAhikula-kamala divAyara / Ayara para suranara variMda, vaMdiya guNasAyara / ayasai sayala nivAsa Asa pUriya paramesara / paMca dhaNussaya deha mANava sahakajiNesara / siri maruavA aMgaruha, sovana vanna sarIra / adIsaraviyahaM jayau, garuu gnnigNbhiir|" isakA antima paccIsavA~ chanda nimnAGkita hai : "cauviha siri saMghaha thau guNa-rayaNAyara vRnda vaddhamANa titthesadhara, cauvIsamau jiNaMda / "" isase pUrva lekhaka kA nAma AyA hai, yathA "siMha sulaMchaNa sattahattha taNa gaura maNohara, siri jiNatilaya sUrIsa sIsapabhaNai siri sehara // 24 // " bhASA sarala marugurjara hai / isameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI -jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1484 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai* gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1484-85

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246 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jinodaya sUri-Apa gujarAta meM pAlanapuranivAsI zrI indrapAla kI patnI dhAraNa devI kI kukSi se saM0 1375 meM paidA hue the / ApakA janma nAma samara thaa| saM0 1382 meM jinakuzala sUri ne Apako dIkSA dI aura nAma somaprabha rkhaa| saM0 1415 meM jaba Apa AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue to ApakA nAma jinodaya sUri pdd'aa| Apako saM0 1496 meM vAcanAcArya kI padavI jaisalamera meM bar3e dhUmadhAma se dI gaI kI aura AcArya pada-pratiSThA samAroha khambhAta meM taruNaprabha sUri ke AcAryatva meM sampanna haA thaa| ApakI racanA 'trivikramarAsa' kA zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne ullekha to kiyA hai kintu isakA vivaraNa, uddharaNa kucha bhI nahIM diyA hai| - DUMgaru-ApakI racanA 'olabhaMDA bArahamAsA' ( gAthA 28) 15 vIM zatAbdI kI kahI jAtI hai| yaha racanA prakAzita hai| zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 492 para isakA vivaraNa diyA hai kintu racanAkAla saM0 1535 ke karIba batAyA hai| ataH zrI desAI ke anusAra yaha kavi 16 vIM zatAbdI kA ThaharatA hai kintu zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne marugurjara jaina kavi meM inheM 15 vIM zatAbdI meM rakhA hai| ataH isa kavi kA racanAkAla anizcita hai| isake bArahamAse kA prArambha dekhiye : "toraNi vAlaMbhu AvIu, jAdava kula kerucNdu|| pasUya dekhi rahuvAlIu, vihivisi hUu vicchaMdu // 1 // " racanA neminAtha ke prasiddha kathA-saMdarbha para AdhArita hai aura rAjula kI viraha vyathA kA bArahamAse ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / nemi ne saMyama svIkAra kiyA, kavi kahatA hai : "nayaNAM nehu bhare gayau sunemikumAru / revaiyA girivari sari caDIu lIdhausaMyama bhAru / " isakA antima do padya dekhiye : "rAjuli jIsiuM rAyamai, pahutau siddhi silAhaM Dugaru svAmi gAyatAM, aphalAM phalIiM tAhaM / " anta meM dUsarA chanda "nayaNA neha bhare..." vAlA punaH duharAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kula chanda saMkhyA 28 ho gaI hai| isakI kathA meM mArmikatA hai aura bhASA sarala pravAhapUrNa hai| ataH pAThaka kA mana ramatA avazya hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 17 2. zrI0 a0 ca0 nAhaTA maru-gu0 ja0 kavi pR0 103-104

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maru gujara jaina sAhitya 247 taruNaprabha sUri-Apa prasiddha gadya lekhaka the| 15 vIM zatAbdI meM bolacAla kI gurjara bhASA meM aneka TIkA grantha, bAlAvabodha evaM gadya grantha likhe gaye jinameM saM0 1411 meM racita ApakI gadya racanA 'SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha' aitihAsika mahattva kI kRti hai| inake granthoM dvArA tatkAlIna bolacAla kI bhASA kA bAstavika svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai Apa jinacandra sUri aura jinakuzala sUri ke ziSya the| Apake vidyAguru yazaHkIrti aura rAjendracandra sUri the| Apane SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha phiroja zAha tugalaka ke rAjyakAla meM bAhaDa mantrI ke prapautra ThAkura balirAja ke Agraha para likhA thaa| ApakI gadya racanAoM kA vivaraNa gadya ke itihAsa ke sAtha yathAsthAna vistArapUrvaka kiyA jaayegaa| ___ ApakI padyabaddha racanA bIsa viharagAna jina stavana' kA ullekha zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne kiyA hai| isakI hastalikhita prati ( saM0 1430 kArtika kI likhita ) zrI nAhaTAjI ke saMgraha meM surakSita hai| zrI desAI ne isakA koI uddharaNa nahIM diyA hai| Apane bAravata ke Upara aneka kathAyeM bhI gadya meM likhI haiM jo 'prAcIna gUjarAtI gadya saMdarbha' meM saMkalita haiN| gadya khaNDa meM inakA vivaraNa diyA jaayegaa| tejavarddhana -ApakI racanA 'bharata bAhubalIrAsa' kA samaya 15 vIM zatAbdI batAyA gayA hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne apane jaina sAhitya no itihAsa pR0 488 aura jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga pR0 34 para isa racanA kA mAtra nAmollekha kiyA hai kintu vivaraNa uddharaNa kahIM nahIM diyaa| __ dayAsAgara sUri-ApakI racanA 'dharmadatta caritra' kA ullekha hindI ke prasiddha sAhityetihAsa 'mizrabandhu vinoda' meM hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne zrI jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1 pR0 35 para isakA ullekha kiyA hai| mizrabandha vinoda ke AdhAra para zrI nAthUrAma premI ne bhI apanI pustaka meM isakA vivaraNa diyA hai kintu zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 430 para likhA hai ki "paM0 lAlacanda ke anumAnAnusAra yaha racanA mANikyasundara sUri dvArA saMskRta meM likhI huI hai| isameM prasaMgata kahIMkahIM gujarAtI-hindI ke padya avazya A gaye haiM / ataH racanA ke vivAdA 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 khaNDa 1 pR0 444 aura bhAga 3 khaNDa 2 pR0 1476 2 zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jaina sAhityano itihAsa pR0 488 aura desAI jaM. gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 35

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248 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa spada hone ke kAraNa usakA ullekha mAtra kara diyA gayA hai / adhika vivaraNa apekSita nahIM samajhA gayA hai| devadata-(baharA UdA sUta ) ApakI racanA kA nAma hai 'zrI jinabhadra sUri dhuvaDa' yaha 15 vIM zatI kI racanA hai| isakA Adi-anta Age uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai :-- Adi "sisigaccha maMDaNa mayaNa riNa khaMDaNa dhINaga naMdanae / mili suddarasaNa amRta varisaNu, vANI sulalitu e| anta "jinarAja sUri pATa ciMtAmaNa bhadda sUri guru suhakarue / bhaNe devadatta baharA UdA sRta sahi chAhar3a suhakaraNa ko|"1 isameM zAyada kula do gAthAyeM hI prApta haiN| isakI prati abhaya jai0 granthAlaya meM upalabdha huI / isakI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai / devabha gaNi-Apa sambhavataH harSapurIyagaccha ke A0 yazobhadra ke ziSya the| Apane 15 vIM zatAbdI meM 'kumArapAla rAsa' ( 43 padya ) kI racanA kI hai jo bhAratIya vidyAmandira patrikA meM prakAzita hai| devaratma sUri ziSya ( ajJAta ) kavi ne apane guru ke jIvanacarita para AdhArita 'devaratna sUri phAgu' saM0 1499 meM likhA / yaha phAgu ai0 0 ga0 kAvya saMcaya meM prakAzita hai| isakA lekhaka saMskRta kA vidvAn mAlama par3atA hai kyoMki phAga kA prArambha saMskRta meM likhita maMgalAcaraNa dvArA kiyA gayA hai| phAga ke bIca-bIca meM bhI saMskRta ke sundara chanda haiM / bhASA meM bhI tatsama zabdoM kI bahulatA ke kAraNa laya aura chandapravAha manohara bana par3A hai| tatsama zabdoM kI yojanA nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai, yathA-- "tribhuvana gagana vimAsana diNayara nayara jIrAvali vAsa re / namina niraMjana bhavabhaya bhaMjana, sajjana raMjana pAsa re / ' chanda meM gati aura laya kI sundaratA ke dRSTAnta svarUpa nimnAGkita paMktiyA~ avalokanIya haiM : 1. zrA a0 ca0 nAhaTA - ma0 gu0 jai0 ka0 pRSTha 85 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pRSTha 181 3. ai0 je0 gu0 kA0 saMcaya pR0 151

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 249 "nimmala nija kula kamala divAkara, sAyara sama gambhIra re / anudina nava nava mAi manoratha, rathavara sArathi dhIra re / sahasi manohara zazikara niramala, kamala sukomala pANi re| gaja gati lIlA maMthara cAlai, bolai sulalita vANi re / " isa rAsa se bhI devaratna sUri ke sambandha meM kucha mahattvapUrNa sUcanAyeM prApta hotI haiM jaise zrI devaratna sUri pATaNavAsI bahorA karaNija aura unakI patnI katikade ke suputra the / ApakA janma nAma jAvar3a thA / inhoMne saM0 1466 meM dIkSA lii| inake guru zrI jayAnanda sUri the| rAsa meM kahA gayA hai ki dIkSoparAnta inake kaThora saMyama vrata ko tor3ane ke lie madana ne vasaMta ko bhejA / isI saMdarbha meM kavi ne vasaMta kA manorama varNana kiyA hai, yathA-- "phUlabhari lahakAra lahakai, Tahakai koyala vRnda / pAridha pADala mahimahyA gahigahi yA muckuNd|" ramaNiyA~ vasaMta Rtu meM navIna paridhAna dhAraNa karake nAcatI gAtI haiM "bani bani gAyana gAyaI, vAsai malaya samIra / haMsimasi nAcai ramaNIya, ramaNIya nava navacIra / "] isa prakAra kAmadeva ne devaratna sUri ko saMyama se DigAne kA aneka prayatna kiyA kintu Apa avicalita rahe / ye uccakoTi ke saMta the aura samaya Ane para zrI jayAnanda sUri ke paTTa para pratiSThita he| Apane lokamaMgala kA mahAn kArya kiyaa| isa phAga kA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : "saMvat ca uda navANaM varisai, Rtu vasaMta jana mahanai divasai mana raMgihiM suvizAla; phAgabaMdhI a guru vInatI bhAva bhagati, molima saMjutI kIdhI rAsa cauzAla / gaNahara zrI devaratna sUri sara imI vinatI karI, je naravara vaMdai bhagatihiM saar| tiha dhari vilasai navanidhi ahanizi, savi suhasaMpada nitu huitIha vasi vaMchiya siddhi apAra / 1. ai0 jai0 gu0 kA0 saMcaya pR0 154

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250 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 65 kar3I kI yaha phAgu alaga-alaga prAcIna chandoM meM sundara kAvya kA uttama namUnA hai| isakI bhASA para saMskRta kA prabhAva avazya hai kintu mUla DhA~cA marugurjara kA hI hai / saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM ke prayoga se yaha bhASA kAvyocita bana gaI hai| isameM sthAna-sthAna para kAvya-saundarya yukta sarasa sthala milate haiM jinake kAraNa yaha sAmAnya racanA bhI kAvyatva kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya ho gaI hai| devasundara--Apa candragacchIya zrI somatilaka ke ziSya the / Apane 15 vIM zatAbdI meM 'uttama RSi saMghasmaraNa catuSpadI' nAmaka caupaI likhA hai jisakI kAvyabhASA prAcIna gurjara ( marugurjara ) hai / isameM tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara aura anya sAdhu yatiyoM kA sAdara smaraNa-vandana kiyA gayA hai / saMbhavataH inhIM devasundara sUri ke kisI ziSya ne 'kAkabandhi' nAmaka kAvya likhA hai| devasundara sUri ziSya--saMbhavataH kula maMDana sUri' ne 'kAkabaMdhi' cau0 saM0 1450 ke antargata likhA / kulamaMDana sUri tapAgacchIya devasuMdara sUri ke ziSya the aura saM0 1450 ke AsapAsa inhoMne 'mugdhAvabodha auktika' saMskRta meM likhA thA / yadi inhIM ne vaha 'kakka' bhI likhA ho to vaha racanA bhI isI ke AsapAsa arthAt saM0 1450 ke AsapAsa kI hogii| ____eka 'devasundara rAsa' caoNpa kavi ne bhI likhA hai jisakA vivaraNa pIche diyA jA cukA hai| ve sambhavataH bhaTTAraka caityavAsI the / dhammakakka yA kArkavaMdhi abhI aprakAzita racanA hai / ataH isakA vivaraNa aura uddharaNa nahIM prApta ho skaa| dhanaprabha--Apane 'zrI neminAtha jhIlaNA' nAmaka lokagIta likhA hai| isakI bhASA sarala aura laya madhura hai| yaha maMgalotsavoM para gAyA jAne vAlA gIta hai / zubha avasaroM para mahilAyeM lokagIta gAtI haiN| isake prAraMbha kA chaMda dekhie :-- 'rAjalade varadeva devara, rUpiNi gAiso jhiilnnuue| UlaTI mana heya yAdava jiNa guNi, lAgu chai raha kahau e / vaulasiri varamAla pahiraNi, karaNIya phUlaDe guthIUM me siva divi suta sukumAla sulalita, sevabar3e sairU sinngaariiue|" isa gIta ke antima do chaMda nimnalikhita haiM :-- 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'paramparA' pR0 181 aura zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 0 bhAga 3 pa0 425

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gurjara jaina sAhitya " mRgamada kuMkuma nIri vAvana. caMdani sIMgI saMpUrie / nAyaka nemi zarIri bali bali, balabali karaI te chAMTaNu / isI apUraba rItiguNa, rayaNAyara rAmatar3I ramaie / pUrai mananI prIti, dhanaprabha gAitAM savi sukha pAmIiM e / "1 dhanapAla - ApakI carcA anya pUrvavartI dhanapAlI ke sAtha kI gaI hai / ' ApakI racanA 'bAhubali devacariu saM0 1454 kI racI huI mAnI jAtI hai / Apa gujarAta ke puravADa vaMzIya zrI suhaDaprabha kI dharmapatnI suhaDA devI kI kukSi se utpanna hue the / isameM 18 saMdhiyAM haiM jinameM jaina dharma ke prathama kAmadeva bAhubali kA caritra aMkita kiyA gayA hai| yaha racanA gujarAta ke vAsaddhara kI preraNA se likhI gaI / isameM kavi ne apane pUrvavartI aneka kaviyoM aura vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / isa kRti ke bIca bIca meM saMskRta ke padya bhI milate haiM jinase yaha dhAraNA banatI hai ki kavi na kevala marugurjara apitu saMskRta kA bhI acchA jAnakAra thA / dhanarAja -- Apane saM 1480 meM 'maMgala kalaza vivAhala' 170 padyoM meM viracita kiyA hai / vivAhalu eka vizeSa prakAra ke maMgalagIta haiM jo dIkSA ke avasara para gAye jAte haiM, inakI bhASA sarala hotI hai / inheM kalaza bhI kahA jAtA hai / prastuta kalaza meM bhI mAlavA kI ujjainI nagarI kI zobhA aura dIkSotsava kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isakA prArambhika padya prastutaH kiyA jA rahA hai '-- 112 "parama guru Adi jiNa namavi pabhaNesu, maMgalakalaza vIvAhalaue / puhavi manoharo mAlava deza nAmi, pariNAmi raliyAmaNau e / ujjeNo varanayara suvizAla, pUriya ghaNa kaNa rayaNa khANi / siMdhu arigaMjaNI dilya taNa, bhUpAla vayara siMhA vara nariMdo |1| "2 anta isA karamanau suNau vicAra, maMgalakalaza viratau saMsAri devaloka paMcamai jijAi, bhavi bhIjai valisiddhi lahei / saMvatsara vikrama nai kahI, caudaha sai asIyai e sahI, maMgalakalaza caritu suvizAla, dhannarAji ima kahiya visAla / paDhai guNai eka manA sahI, tihi dhari Avai navanidhi sahI / " 3 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'paramparA' ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 104 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ma0 gu0 jai0 kavi pR0 87 3. vahI 25

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252 maru-gujara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa padyoM kI bhASA dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye racanAyeM lokagItoM kI taraha hotI thI ataH inakI bhASA bolacAla ke kAphI karIba hotI thii| aisI racanAoM dvArA tatkAlIna bolacAla kI svAbhAvika lokabhASA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| nayacandra--Apa jayasiMha sUri ke praziSya aura prasannacandra sUri ke ziSya the| ApakI do racanAyeM saM0 1440 ke AsapAsa kI upalabdha haiN| unameM "vIrAMka hammIra mahAkAvya' prasiddha hai / dUsarI racanA 'rambhAmaMjarI' eka nATaka hai| ye gvAliyara ke tomaravaMzI rAjadarabAra meM kavi the / Apake mahAkAvya kA nAyaka hammIra hai / isameM hammIra ke samakAlIna rAjAoM 'pRthvIrAja Adi kA bhI varNana hai| raMbhAmaJjarI kA nAyaka jayacanda hai jisameM do pRSThoM meM kevala usakA vizeSaNa-viruda bakhAnA gayA hai| lekina ina donoM pustakoM meM pRthvIrAja aura jayacanda kA yuddha, rAjasUya yajJa aura saMyogitA svayamvara Adi kA ullekha nahIM hai / isake AdhAra para kaI Alocaka pRthvIrAja rAso kI vizvasanIyatA para praznacihna lagAte haiM; paraMtu saca pUchA jAya to neyacandra kI ye donoM racanAyeM bhI itihAsa kI dRSTi se adhika vizvasanIya nahIM mAlUma pdd'tii| isameM paramardicaMdela, caulukyarAja bhImadeva aura anya rAjAoM ke sAtha pRthvIrAja ke yuddhoM kA varNana nahIM milatA / rambhAmaMjarI kI bhI adhikatara ghaTanAyeM jayacanda ke prAmANika itihAsa se kama mela khAtI haiM / ina donoM kRtiyoM meM aitihAsika vivaraNa bahuta kama hai aura jo thor3e se haiM ve prAyaH itihAsa sammata nahIM haiN| vIrAMka hammIra mahAkAvya kI bhASA DiMgala kahI gaI hai kintu yaha bhI marugurjara kI eka cAraNazailI hai / bhASA vaijJAnika antara kama hai| isameM vIra aura RGgAra rasa kA yatra tatra sUndara paripAka haA hai|| narasena - 'zrIpAlacarita' aura varddhamAna kathA nAmaka do racanAyeM Apane 15 vIM zatAbdI meM likhI haiM / inhoMne apanI racanAoM meM na to racanAkAla diyA hai aura na apanA paricaya diyA hai, hastalikhita prati ke AdhAra para inakA samaya anumAnataH 15vIM zatAbdI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / zrIpAla caritra meM zrIpAla aura mayanAsuMdarI kI premakathA hai| zrIpAla aneka suMdariyoMse vivAha karatA hai / kAlAntara meM saMjamamuni se apane pUrvabhavoM kI kathA sunakara use virakti hotI hai aura tapasyA karake vaha nirvANa prApta karatA hai| isa kRti meM kavi ne dikhalAyA hai ki saccA dhArmika vyakti aneka ApadAoM 1. zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina -hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa pR 34

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mara-gurjara jaina sAhitya 253 kA sahana karatA huA antataH avicalita rahatA huA apane sadAcAra se sArI bAdhAoM para vijaya prApta karatA hai| mayanAsundarI digambara muni ke pAsa zikSA ke lie jAtI hai aura aneka vidyA aura kalAoM ke sAtha saMskRta bhASA, dezI bhASA ke tIna chanda-gAthA, dohA aura chappaya kA bhI jJAna prApta karatI hai| isa ullekha se kavi kA saMskRta aura dezI bhASA ke prati lagAva vyakta hotA hai| isa kRti kI bhASA para apabhraMza kA prabhAva bhI paryApta hai ataH kavi apabhraMza kA bhI jAnakAra mAlUma par3atA hai yathA-- "jiNa vayaNau viNiggaya sArI, paNaviya sarasai devi bhaMDArI / sukai karatu kavvu rasavataMu, jasu pasAi vuhayaNu raMjattau / ' ApakI dUsarI racanA 'varddhamAna kathA' meM tIrthaMkara varddhamAna kA carita varNita hai / yaha kRti kAvyatva kI dRSTi se prathama kRti kI tulanA meM nyUna hai kintu isameM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna kA carita citrita hone ke kAraNa isakA dhArmika mahattva adhika hai| isakI bhASA vaisI hI apabhraMza garbhita hai jaisI 'zrIpAla caritra' kI hai| ataH vizeSa uddharaNa Avazyaka nahIM hai| padmatilaka- Apane 28 chandoM meM 'garbha vicAra stotra'1 nAmaka stotra likhA hai / isameM garbhavAsa ke duHkhoM kA bhayAnaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha koTa kAMgar3A ke tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI mUrti ko lakSya karake likhI gaI hai| isa racanA meM lekhaka ke jIvanavRtta aura guru paramparA Adi para kucha. prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai / isakI bhASA marugurjara hai / bhASA ke udAharaNArtha kucha paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM-- "puva puNya saMjogi puNavi maNuvattaNu pAviu, viviha dukkha Nava mAsa saDada gabhihiM saMtAviu / ramaNi nAbhitali nAla kATi duI pupphahaM acchai / kosAgArihiM tA muheMThi puNa joni paDitthai / ' padmAnanda sUri--isI samaya ( 15 vIM zatAbdI ) Apane eka stotra 'zrI cauvIsavaTA zrI pArzvanAtha nAgapura caitya paripATI stotram' (9 gAthA) nAma se likhA hai / ApakI dUsarI racanA eka stuti hai jisakA nAma zrI cauvIsavaTA pArzvanAtha stuti' ( gA0 4) hai| isakI tIsarI prApta racanA kA nAma 'zrI varddhanapura caitya paripATI stavanam ( gA0 9) hai| ina sabakA viSaya tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti aura caityoM tathA bimboM kI vandanA hai| bhASA namUne ke lie kucha uddharaNa Age die jA rahe haiM :1. DA0 premasAgara jaina--hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi pR0 59

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254 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prathama kRti kI antima do paMktiyAM pahale prastuta haiM :'iya baha viha bhattihiM vihi sammatihiM, ArAdhau jiNavara sayala / zrI paramANaMda sUri desaNa maNidhari, sAvaya kula kIjai saphala / ' dUsarI racanA kA prathama chaMda nimnAMkita hai"sayala suhakAraNo bhaviya jaNa tAraNo, nAma gahaNeNa duha duriya nilAraNo / nayari nAyauri jasu adhika mahimA guNo, jayau zrI pAsu cauvIsa vaTTaya jinno|' tIsarI racanA kI antima do paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM : 'ArAdhauM arihaMta padamANaMda suri ima bhaNae / te ridhi vRddhi jayavaMta, je praNamai jiNa prahasama e| ina tInoM racanAoM kI viSaya vastu aura bhASA prAyaH eka jaisI hai / stotra, stuti, stavana Adi bhakti viSayaka racanAoM meM kavi kI tallInatA usake kAvya pakSa kI apekSA adhika dhyAtavya hotI hai| paramAnanda-ApakI eka racanA 'zatrujaya caitya paripATI' (gA0 41) kA ullekha zrI nAhaTA jI ne kiyA hai kintu kavi ke nAma ke Age praznacihna lagA diyA hai| racanA ke anta meM kavi kA nAma isa prakAra hai :--- ___ 'seja girivara siyaM dhaNIya naresUyA, Ugiu abhinava caMda, sUrati paramAnaMda diya naresUyA, TAlai savevi chiMda / 40 / ' yaha zabda kavi kA nAma bhI ho sakatA hai aura 'Ananda' artha kA bodhaka bhI ho sakatA hai| isakA prathama chaMda isa prakAra hai : 'sarasati sAmiNi namiya pAya, siri semiya kerii| caitu pravADihi (ka)ri viheva, mani raMgi nverii|' antima chanda bhASA ke namUne ke lie uddhata kiyA jA rahA hai : 'riddhi vaddhi kalyANa karI naresayA, bole caitya pravADi eha / tIratha yAtrA phala diyae naresUyA, niramala karaya sudeha / ' prasannacandra -Apa jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya the / ApakI racanA 'rAvaNi pArzvanAtha phAgU' prAcIna phAgU saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| isakA racanA kAla saM0 1422 hai / rAvaNi alvara ke pAsa eka gA~va hai| vahA~ sthApita pAva. 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 jaina kavi pR0 99-100 2. vahI pa. 102 .

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 255 nAtha kI mUrti ko prazasti meM yaha phAgu likhA gayA hai| isake prArambha meM kavi ne vasaMta kI banazrI kA manohara varNana kiyA hai / mandira meM pUjana kA prabhAvazAlI varNana isa phAgu kI 16 kar3iyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| isameM cAra bhAsa haiM aura pratyeka bhAsa dUhA aura rolA meM padyabaddha hai / vasaMta meM prAkRtika zobhA kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai 'aha dakSiNu bAiu vAurAu ritu taNau pahUtau, disi disi harasi ramaMta, lou manamatha guNi gRhau / ' aise manorama samaya meM pArzvanAtha kI pUjA kA prArambha hotA hai / pUjA ke lie apekSita zAnta vAtAvaraNa kI apekSA prakRti ke uddIpaka mAdakatA kA adhika prabhAvakArI varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| pUjA-AratI ke sAtha phAgu samApta hotA hai / phAgu kI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM 'vAdiya jayasiMhasUri paTTaha siNagAro, : prasannacanda suNi ima bhAvi pabhaNai gaNahAro | 16 | 2 pRthvIcanda - Apa indrapalliya gaccha ke AcArya abhayadevasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1426 ke AsapAsa 'mAtRkA prathamAkSara dohaka' kI racanA I 58 gAthAoM meM kI hai / isake Adi ke do chaMda Age prastuta haiM :'appaI appaU bUjhi kari je parappai lINu sujjideva amha harasaNa, bhavasAyara pArINa / mAI ayara dhuri dhariviM vara dUhaya chaMdeNa, rasa vilAsa Arabhiyau sukavi puhavIcaMdeNa |2| isake antima do chaMda bhASA ke namUne aura racanA sambandhI vivaraNa kI dRSTi se uddharaNIya haiM, yathA rudda palhi gacchat tilaya, abhayasUri sIseNa rasa vilAsu nippAiyau, pAiya kavvaraseNa / 53 / puhavicaMda kavi nimmaviya par3hihA caupanna, tasu aNasArihiM vavaharahiM pasarai kittikhanna / 54| 2 1 pahurAja - Apa kharataragacchIya jinodayasUri ke zrAvaka bhakta the / Apane saM0 1415 se 1431 ke bIca kisI samaya jinodaya sUri guNa varNana 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 24 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 14-77

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256 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nAmaka kAvya kI racanA kii| zrI jinodaya sUri kA AcArya kAla saM0 1415 se 1431 taka svIkRta hai| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne isakA racanA kAla saM0 1420 ke lagabhaga mAnA hai|' yaha racanA 'prAcIna ai0 0 kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai| isameM jinodaya sUri kA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai| isakA prArambhika chanda isa prakAra hai-- "kiNi guNi sovavi tavaNa, siddhihikA bhati tumha ho muNiNa / saMsAra pheri DahaNaM, dikkhA bAlANae gahaNa / 1 / usake Age kavi kA nAma isa prakAra hai : paharAja bhaNai tai vinnai, ajauM bhavaNu kiNi guNi tbhi|" apane guru ke zIla-saMyama kA bakhAna karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : "kavaNi kavaNi guNi thuNa uM kavaNi kiNimeya vakhANauM / thUlabhadda taha sIla labdhi, goyama taha jANau / pAva paMka bhau maliu daliu kaMdappa niruttau / tuha munivara siri tilau bhaviya kappayaru pahuttau / jiNa udaya sUri maNahara rayaNa suguru paTTadhara uddharaNa, pahurAja bhaNai ima jANi kari phala manavaMchita suhakaraNu / 5 / " chaThA~ padya khaMDita hai / usakI antima do paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM : "jiNa udayasUri gaNahara rayaNu suguru paTTadhara uddhrnn| paharAja bhaNai ima jANikari sayala saMgha maMgalukaraNa" / / racanA kA sAmpradAyika mahatva hai aura kavi kI gurubhakti kA acchA udAharaNa hai| isa prakAra ke dhArmika sAhitya meM guru kA sthAna sarvopari svIkRta hai aura jaina sAhitya meM aisI racanAoM kI saMkhyA gaNanAtIta hai / baccha bhaNDArI--ApakI tIna racanAyeM-'AdinAtha dhavala, navapallava, pArzvanAtha kalaza aura mRgAMkalekhArAsa' upalabdha haiN| AdinAtha dhavala kA samaya zrI nAhaTA jI ne saM0 1471 batAyA hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inakI dUsarI racanA 'pArzvanAtha kalaza' ko 16 vIM zatAbdI kI kRti batAyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki kavi baccha bhaMDArI depAla kA samakAlIna mAlama par3atA hai| inakI racanAyeM bhI eka hI prati se prApta huI haiM aura depAla 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 ga0 jai0 kavi pR0 66 2. prA0 ai0 jaina kAvya saMgraha pR0 40 3. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA--ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 81

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17 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 257 16vIM zatAbdI ke kavi the ataH yaha kavi bhI 16vIM zatAbdI kA hogaa|' kintu yaha kathana adhika prAmANika nahIM lagatA kyoMki AdinAtha dhavala meM racanAkAla svayaM kavi ne diyA hai / usase vaha 15vIM zatI kA kavi ThaharatA hai, paMktiyA~ dekhiye 'vaccha bhaMDArI ima bhaNai Adisa ra avadhAri / attakAli ADau thai, amha nirayA gai nivaari| vidyA saMkSi ekahattarai, dhuri kahau kAti mAsa eka dhaula tihAM bhaNau, kahitAM puNya prakAza / " isameM racanAkAla saM0 1471 kArtika mAsa batAyA gayA hai| ataH eka kavi kI eka racanA 15vIM zatI meM aura dUsarI 16vIM meM ho; yaha ucita nahIM lagatA / dIrghAyu kavi 15vIM ke antima caraNa se 16vIM ke prathama caraNa meM bhI sRjanazIla raha sakatA hai lekina zrI desAI jI ne racanAkAla nahIM diyA hai ataH inakA vivaraNa 15vIM zatAbdI meM hI samIcIna lagatA hai| inakI tIsarI racanA 'mRgAMkalekhArAsa' kI prati saM0 1544 se pUrva kI prApta hai ataH yaha racanA 15vIM zatI ke antima caraNa kI ho sakatI hai| inakI tInoM racanAoM se bhASA ke namUne prastuta kie jA rahe hai jinakA milAna karane se bhI tInoM racanAyeM eka hI kavi kI mAlama par3atI haiN| sarvaprathama magAMkalekhArAsa kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'goyama gaNahara paya namevi, bahu buddhi lahesu mRgAMka lekhA satIya cariya mani suddhi kahesu, sIlai saromaNi gaNi nilo mani mAMna na ANai / manasA vAcA kAyakarI te sIla bakhANai / ' isakA antima padya dekhiye :'mRgAMka lekhA taNUyaM caritra, samakita satarI mAMhi pavitra, tehathU kaviuM satta AdhAri, asatya te bhiddAdukar3a sAra / 402 / ' yaha 404 kar3I kI lambI racanA hai kintu isa meM racanAkAla aura kavi sambandhI vivaraNa anupalabdha hai / kavi ne ise svayam prabandha kAvya kahA hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 10 65 aura bhAga 3 pR0 500 2. zrI a0 10 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 ja0 kavi pa0 81 3. zrI mo0 80 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1 pR0 63

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258 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa samaya taka rAsa kA AkAra bar3hakara prabandha kAvya jaisA ho cukA thaa| isa rAsa meM mRgAMkalekhA ke satItva kA mahatva varNita hai| racanA kAvyamaya hai| inakI dUsarI racanA 'navapallava pArzvanAtha kalaza' hai| isameM saurASTrAntargata maMgalapura sthita pArzvanAtha kI stuti hai| Adi aura anta isa prakAra haiAdi 'zrI saurASTra dezamadhye zrI maMgalapura maMDaNo durita vihNddnno| anAthanAtha asaraNa saraNa tribhuvana janamana rNjno| 23mo tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha teha taNo kalaza khii| bhASA para gurjara kA prabhAva adhika pratIta hotA hai| isakA antima padya dekhiye : 'imi bhaNe vaccha bhaMDArI nijadina ama mana se arihaMta, ahavA nIlavaraNa navaraMga jinesara, jayo jayo jayavaMta / ' inakI tIsarI racanA kI antima paMktiyA~ pahale hI uddha ta kI jA cukI haiN| usakA prArambha isa prakAra hai : Adi rAga sAmavedI'jiNa cauvIsaM ArAhisiu e, amhi Adi jiNesara gAisiuM e| kavi jaNaNI amha mukhi vasai e, tu buddhi prakAza mani ulhsie|' isakI hastalikhita prati bhI saM0 1545 kI likhI huI hai aura isakA racanAkAla saM0 1471 hai to isI prakAra saM0 1544 kI likhI magAMkalekhArAsa kA bhI racanAkAla saM0 1471 ke AsapAsa hI hogaa| ye tInoM racanAyeM vaccha bhaMDArI kI hI haiN| Apa zrAvaka kaviyoM meM mahatvapUrNa kavi haiN| bhAvasundara-Apa tapAgacchIya somasundara sUri ke ziSya the| Apane 15vIM zatAbdI meM kisI samaya 'mahAvIra stavana' likhA jisake Adi, anta kI paMktiyA~ Age uddhata kI jA rahI haiM :Adi 'paNamavi sarasaya mAya pAya nitu be kara joDiya / zrI somasundara sUri rAo nitu samaravi nAma, jaMgama tIratha sakala maNi biya bohasa DAMNa / paMca mahAvaya dharaNadhAra dhuri paMcAcAro, paMcendriya vasikaraNa mayaNajItau sprivaaro|' 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1 pR0 63 2. vahI pR0 33-34

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 259 antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : UlaTa rasa aka mani, aka citti kari bhAvasundara, jima nAsai asuha sivi saMpayaMti subaha paraMpari / tAM nitu navI pari nitu caDAvai, adhika yAna vihArayaM, zrI saMgha sahitu maNi tavanau, sa jayati zrI vIra jiNiMda o| inameM kavi yA kavitA sambandhI koI vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM hai / bhIma-zrI mohanalAla da0 desAI ne inheM janetara kavi batAyA hai kintu inakI racanA 'sadayavatsa prabandha' kI kathA jaina-dharma se sambandhita hai| zrI cImanalAla dalAla ne apane lekha 'sadayavatsa sAvaliMgAnI kathA1 meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| isakI bhASA ko zrI desAI ne junI gujarAtI kahA hai kintu vastutaH yaha marugurjara bhASA kI hI racanA hai| ataH isakA vivaraNa yahA~ ucita hai| isakA racanAkAla 15vIM zatAbdI nizcita kiyA gayA hai / 689 chandoM kA yaha eka vistRta prabandhakAvya hai| isameM gAhA, paddhar3I, vastu, dUhA, caupai, aDilla, maDalaya, SaTpadI rAga, dhula, dhanyAsI ityAdi prAcIna chanda aura rAga prayukta hue haiN| kavi ne isakI racanA navarasoM meM kI hai, dekhiye 5vA~ chanda : 'siMgAra hAsya, karuNArI vIro bhayANa vIbhatso, adabhatta sAMta nave rasa jasa vannisa sadai vacchassa / 5 / ' isameM mAlava deza kI ujjaina nagarI ke rAjA puharavaccha ke rAjakumAra sUdai kumAra kI kIti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sUdai kumAra yA sadayavatsa kI kathA jaina jagat kI jAnI pahicAnI kathA hai| isameM kavi bhIma ne usakA guNa varNita kiyA hai yathA, 'kavi bhIma tAsu guNa vannavai, jo harasiddhI lavadhavara / ' isameM yathAvasara sabhI rasoM kA vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakI kucha pratiyoM ke anta meM racanA kA vivaraNa anupalabdha hai para ekAdha meM yaha vivaraNa milatA hai yathA, 1. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka khaMDa 1 aMka 3 pR0 135 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 250 2110-12 taka

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260 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'kumara save AvInimalyA, mAna sahita gADhA jhalahalyA, rAja karii rAya sari sUra, bhaNai gaNi te ghara uchava dhAra / saMvata 15 paMcotera nAma, pATaNanayara manohara ThAma / bhIma kavi racIu rAsa, bhaNii bhaNAvai pUri Asa / ' isase 16vIM zatAbdI kA kavi siddha hotA hai kintu desAI ina pratiyoM ko prAmANika nahIM samajhate aura unhoMne bhIma kI gaNanA 55vIM zatAbdI ke antargata kI hai| ataH yahA~ 15vIM zatI ke marugurjara kaviyoM ke sAtha bhIma aura unakI racanA sadayavatsa prabandha kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| racanA pATaNa meM hone ke kAraNa isa para gurjara kA prabhAva avazya maru kI tulanA meM adhika hai| bhairaidAsa-Apa kI prApta racanA kA nAma 'jinabhadrasUri gItama' kevala do gAthA kI choTI racanA hai| yaha 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai| isakI bhASA jaisA Age die gaye uddharaNoM se spaSTa mAlUma hogA hindI ke adhika samIpa hai kintu purAnI hindI, purAnI gujarAtI Adi ke lie eka sAmUhika nAma marugurjara diyA gayA hai ataH ise bhI marugurjara kI hI racanA kahA jaayegaa| udAharaNArtha isake Adi aura anta ke chanda uddhRta kie jA rahe haiM :Adi 'manamatha dahana malini mana jita, tapa teja dinakaru e| mahima udadhi guru yA gaccha gaNadharA sakala kalAnidhie / vAdi taraki vidyA gaja kesari, joga jugati yati saMpunnu, Apa vasikaraNi sukhanidhi, saMgha sabhApati mddnnu| 1 / ' antima padya isa prakAra hai : 'caturdiza pragaTa amRta rasa pUrita, jJAni ge rekhaga / paMca mahAvrata meru dhuraMdhara, saMjama sugRhituM e| jinarAja sUri pATa sasi sobhata bhaNati bhairai dAsu mnnhrumaa| jiNabhadra sUri suguru guNavadau, mana vaMchita phala paamue|1 isakA viSaya zIrSaka se svataH spaSTa hai| isameM kavi ne apane guru jinabhadra sUri kA vadana kiyA hai / bhASA ati sarala bolacAla kI purAnI hindI yA marugurjara hai| 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, ma0 gu0 jai0 pR0 85-86

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maru-gurjara jaina sahitya 261 mAMDaNa seTha-Apa eka zreSThI zrAvaka kavi the| Apane saM0 1498 meM 'siddhacakra zrIpAla rAsa' kI racanA kii| rAsa ke anta meM lekhaka ne apanA nAma aura racanAkAla Adi diyA hai ataH pahale sambandhita padya uddhRta kie jA rahe haiM : 'jyAri bhava martyaloki, jyAri hosi devaloki / tumai bhavi pahucisyu samhi mugati purii| mUraSa mAMDaNi bhaNyu, rAsa siddhacakra taNu / saMSepiu kahisu guruvacani karI / siddhacakra taNA guNa, boliya na jANUpaNa / aha rAsa sahU bhaNu mugati mAraga taNu / riddhi vRddhi navanidhi jima lahu / caUda aTThANavai, kArtika mAsi tINai / sukalapakSa paJcamI guru| bhaNatA hui ulhAsa / guruvacani kIdhu rAsa / kUDu khama hui saMgha mayA uddhru|' isakI kula padya saMkhyA 258 hai| isakA prathama padya vastu isa prakAra hai : 'risaha sAmIya ra paThama jiNarAya, nAbhirAya kuli avatariu, jugaladharma nivAri kAraNa / maru devyA Upari variU, sayala loa duhadurIya TAlaNa / trihu bhuvanahiM udyotakara, praNAmu mugati dAtAra / ima jANI pUjA karUM jima pAmau bhabapAra / 1 / ' Apane isa rAsa meM zrIpAla kI kathA kA sundara varNana kAvyocita DhaMga se kiyA hai / bhASA sarala marugurjara hai|| ___mANikyasundarasUri-Apa AMcala gacchIya zrI merutuga ke ziSya the| zrI desAI ne kavi kA nAma mANikyasundarasUri aura mANikyacandrasari donoM diyA hai / Apane saMskRta, marugurjara Adi kaI bhASAoM meM kaI racanAyeM kI haiM jinameM catuHparvI campU, zrIdhara caritra saM0 1463, zukarAja kathA aura guNavarma caritra Adi ullekhanIya haiM / Apa gujarAta ke eka sAmanta zaMkha ke sabhApaMDita the / vahA~ unhoMne 4 sargoM meM 'mahAvala malaya1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jaina gurjara kavi bhAga 3 pR. 433-434

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262 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sundarI' carita likhA / inakI racanA 'candradhavala dharmadattakathA' bhI ullekhanIya hai / Apa apane gadya grantha 'pRthvIcandra caritra' (vAgvilAsa) ke lekhaka ke rUpa meM vizeSa prasiddha haiM / yaha racanA saM0 1478 meM likhI gaI prArambhika marugurjara gadya kI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| yaha 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai / isakA vivaraNa gadya khaMDa meM diyA jaayegaa| marugurjara bhASA meM racita ApakI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai-'nemIzvara carita phAgavaMdha' isameM 91 gAthAyeM haiM / yaha zrI AtmAnanda janma zatAbdI smAraka graMtha meM prakAzita racanA hai| isake prathama tIna zloka saMskRta meM haiM / kavi kI anya saMskRta racanAoM kI sUcI pahale dI jA cukI hai| isa rAsa meM saMskRta ke chaMdoM ke alAvA sAmAnya rUpa se kAvyabhASA meM tatsama zabdoM ke prayoga kI bahulatA hai| isase lagatA hai ki kavi saMskRta bhASA meM acchI gati rakhatA hai / bhASA ke namUne aura laya pravAha ke udAharaNArtha kucha paMktiyA~ isa racanA se uddha ta kI jA rahI haiM :'namauM niraMjana vimala samAvihi, bhAvihiM mahima nivAsa re, deva jIrApalli valliya navadhana, vidhana harai prabhupAsa re|' isakI antima do paMktiyA~ Age dI jA rahI haiM-- 'kaya akSara jima be tihi milIyA, sundara paramabrahma siuM milIyA, dukha vajita vilasati / rasi ju nemijiNa cariya succhaMdihiM, kRtamati bhuNai suNai __ ANaMdihiM tasu maMgala nitu hu~ti / 91 / ' Apa saMskRta aura marugurjara bhASA ke gadya aura padya donoM vidhAoM ke acche lekhaka the / 'nemizvara phAgu bandha' kA viSaya nemirAjula para AdhArita svayam kAphI sarasa evaM madhura hai dUsare kavi ne kAvya-vidhA ke rUpa meM phAgu nAmaka atyanta sarasa zailI svIkAra kiyA isalie isa racanA meM sarasatA aura kAvya saundarya uccakoTi kA upalabdha hotA hai / mANikyasUri-ApakI racanA 'rAjImatI upAlaMbha stuti' gAthA 18 kA samaya zrI nAhaTA jI ne 15vIM zatAbdI batAyA hai| patA nahIM ye mANikyacandrasUri hI haiM yA anya maannikysuuri| ApakI racanA kA Adi dekhiye : 1. zrI mo0 da. desAI, jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 pR.443

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3 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 263 'pasUvAr3a dIThau prabho jINa belAM, tajI rAja rAjImatI tINaM helAM, husI jIva saMghAru re jINa jAti, pachai pAchilA kAja re tINaM bhAMti |1| ' isakA anta dekhiye : 'mana vacana kAyAkarI sIlapAlI, ramai rAyamai mugati siuM hAthi tAlI / kahai suguru mANikyasUri mahuravANI, jayausaMgha samudAya rAjali rANI / 18 / ' isakI bhASA lokabhASA ke sadRza hai jabaki mANikya candrasUri kI bhASA adhika tatsama pradhAna, pariSkRta aura sAhityika bhASA hai ataH ye donoM sambhavataH eka kavi nahIM haiM / isIlie inakA vivaraNa alaga alaga diyA gayA hai / mAladeva - Apa bahurA gotrIya zrAvaka kavi the tathA tapAgacchIya devasundarasUri ke bhakta the / ApakI racanA nandIzvarastha pratimA stavana yA nandIzvara cau0 ( gAthA 54 / kA Adi isa prakAra huA hai : 'paNa mavi siddha save karajoDi sirasA kevali dhuri doi koDi / sAdhu prasAdiiM sadaphala lesu, tIratha naMdIsara vaMdesu 191 isakA antima padya dekhiye 'siri devasundara sUri payamatta, bauhurA mAlade niramala citta, naMdIsara vara kahiu vicAra, paThaiM guNaI tIhaM laccha apAra / 54| 2 mAladeva nAma ke eka prasiddha kavi 17vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiM, unase yaha kavi bhinna hai / muni mahAnandi - Apa bhaTTAraka vIracanda ke ziSya the / Apane 'vArakkhar3I dohA aparanAma pAhur3a dohA' likhA jisakI saM0 1602 kI likhI prati Amera ke zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura meM surakSita hai / isakI bhASA apabhraMza mizrita hai lekina uccakoTi kI AdhyAtmika racanA hai| isameM kula 333 dohe haiM jisameM nIti aura adhyAtma ke sAtha bIca-bIca meM sarasa dohe bhI hai / yathA : khIraha majjhaha jema ghiu, tilaha majjhi jima tilu / kahi Aga jima vasai tima dehahi dehillu // 22 // muni mahAnandi kI racanA Anandatilaka kA vivaraNa 14vIM zatAbdI meM diyA jA cukA hai / yaha racanA bhI usI koTi kI hai aura adhika sUkSmatA 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR 103 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1485

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264 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa se milAna karane para zAyada yaha racanA Anandatilaka kA hI rUpAntara ho / DA* kAsalIvAla ne isa racanA kA nAma Anandatilaka batAyA hai kintu zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne usakA prativAda vIravANI varSa 3 aMka 21 meM kiyA hai aura racanA kA nAma mahAnandi batAyA hai, ho sakatA hai yaha 'vArakkhar3I' bhI vahI racanA ho / bhASA aura bhAva kA sAmya isa anumAna ko pUrA bala detA hai| munisundara sUri -Apa tapAgacchIya AcArya the| Apane zAntarAsa kI racanA saM0 1445 meM kI hai isakA ullekha mAtra zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 422 para kiyA hai| koI vivaraNa-uddharaNa nahIM diyA hai| isa racanA kA ullekha DA0 harIza ne bhI apane zodhagrantha ke pRSTha 258 para kiyA hai kintu uddharaNa nahIM diyA hai ataH kavi kI bhASA zailI kA namUnA nahIM diyA jA sakA hai| merutuga-Apa A~cala gacchIya zrI mahendraprabhasUri ke paTTadhara the| ApakA janma saM0 1403, dIkSA saM0 1418, AcArya pada para pratiSThA saM0 1429 aura gaccha nAyaka pada para sthApanA saM0 1446 meM huI thii| saM0 1471 meM ApakA svargavAsa huA thaa| Apa nAgendra gacchIya candraprabha sUri ke ziSya prasiddha graMtha prabandhacintAmaNi ke lekhaka merutuga se bhinna haiN| Apa jayazekhara ke gurubhAI aura samakAlIna the| Apane kAtantra vyAkaraNa para vAlA0 vatti likhii| Apane kucha choTe-choTe stotra, stuti Adi padya meM bhI likhe haiM paranta ApakA yaza gadyakAra, bAlAvabodhakAra ke rUpa meM hI adhika hai| merunandana gaNi-Apa kharataragacchIya A0 jinodayasUri ke ziSya aura marugurjara ke bar3e yazasvI kavi the| Apane marugurjara meM anekoM racanAyeM kI haiM jinameM se kaI prakAzita aura prasiddha haiN| Apane saM0 1432 meM 'zrI jinodarasUri vivAhalau, saM0 1432 meM hI 'jIrAvallA pArzvanAtha phAga' likhaa| prathama racanA vivAhalau ai0 jai0 kAvya saMgraha meM aura dvitIya racanA 'phAgu' prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| pArzvanAtha phAgu paM0 lAlacanda bhagavAna dAsa gAMdhIkRta jIrAvallA pArzvanAtha sambandhI pustaka meM bhI prakAzita hai| isake alAvA Apane zrI gautama svAmi chanda (gA0 11), zrI sthUlibhadra munIndracchaMdAsi (gAthA 8), sImaMdhara stavana (gA0 31) aura zrI ajita zAntistavana Adi bhI likhA hai|

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 265 Apane saMskRta meM bhI bahuta se stotrAdi likhe haiM jinakA vivaraNa zrI nAhaTA jI ke lekha meM jo vallabha vidyA vihAra patrikA meM prakAzita hai, dekhA jA sakatA hai / marugurjara meM jJAnachappaya, jiNodayasUri chaMdAsi Adi sundara kRtiyA~ haiM / 'vivAhalau' ke anusAra AcAryazrI kA janma saM0 1375 meM rudrapAla zreSThi kI dharmapatnI dhAraka devI kI kukSi se huA thaa| ApakA parivAra prahlAdanapura meM nivAsa karatA thaa| jinodayasUri jinacandrasUri ke paTTadhara the| saM0 1415 meM vAcanAcArya somaprabha ko gacchanAyaka pada dekara unakA nAma jiNodayasUri rakhA gayA thaa| ApakA bacapana kA nAma samarA thaa| Apako jinakuzalasUri ke upadeza se vairAgya huA aura unhIM ke dvArA saM0 1382 meM inakI dIkSA huI thii| isa vivAhalau meM jinodayasUri kI samasta jIvana kathA hai kintu isakA mukhya viSaya unakI dIkSA hI hai| dIkSA kumArI ke sAtha jinodayasUri ke vivAha kA rUpaka varNana bahuta sundara hai / zrI jinodayasUri kA svargavAsa saM0 1432 meM huaa| isalie isI samaya ke AsapAsa yaha vivAhalau likhA gayA hogaa| isake prArambha aura anta kI paMktiyA~ Age uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM :Adi 'sayala maNa vaMchiya, kAma kumbhovama, pAsa paya-kamala paNamevi bhatti / suguru jiNaudaya sUri karisu vivAhalau, sahiya umAhalau mujjha citti / asthi gUjaradharA sUderI sudaMrI, Ukhare rayaNa harovamANaM / lacchi keliharaM nayaru palhaNapuraM, surapura jema siddhAbhihANaM / ' yaha racanA ai0 jai0 kAvya saMgraha ke alAvA jai0 ai0 gu0 kAvya saMcaya meM bhI prakAzita aura bahucarcita racanA hai| isakI antima paMktiyAM dekhiye : ahu siri jiNaudaya sUri niya sAmiNo, kahiu mai cariu arumaMda buddhi, amha so dikkhu guru deu supasannau, daMsaNa nANa cArita suddhi / aha gururAya vivAhalau je par3hai je gaNai je suNaMti, ubhayaloke vi ve lahaiM maNavaMchiyaM merunandana imi bhaNaMti / 44 / ' 15vIM zatAbdI kI marugurjara bhASA ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI isa vivAhala u kA bar3A mahatva hai / dIkSAkumArI se pariNaya kA Agraha karate hue samara kahate haiM : 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1 pR0 18 aura bhAga 3 pR0 420 zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pa0 62 aura paramparA pR0 180

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maru-gurjara jana sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'aha sayala lakkhaNaM jANi suviyakkhaNaM sUri daTThaNaM smrkumaarN| bhaNaya tuha nandaNo nayaNa ANaMdaNo pariNao amha dikkhA kumaari|| dIkSotsava kA varNana dekhiye : 'bAjai maMgalattUra guhira sadi diyai dhavala varanAri viviha pari / iNa pari tera viyAsi saMvacchari, samariguHlADaNu pariNai vysiri|' jaisA kahA jA cukA hai saM0 1382 meM yaha dIkSotsava sampanna huA thA, usI utsava kA varNana isa vivAhalau kA mukhya varNya viSaya hai| zrI jIrAvallA pArzvanAtha phAga saM0 1432 kI racanA mUlarUpa se prAcIna phAga saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| jIrAvallA AbU ke pAsa eka gA~va hai| yaha eka prasiddha jainatIrtha hai jisake pArzvanAtha mandira kI bar3I mahimA hai / yaha phAgu usI para AdhArita hai| pArzvanAtha kI yAtrA ke nimitta eka sajjana apanI patnI se vArtA karate haiN| usa samaya vasanta Rtu kI bar3I suhAvanI chaTA chiTakI huI hai, vAtAvaraNa yAtrA ke lie bar3A preraNAdAyaka hai, usa vAtAvaraNa meM mandira kI ramyazobhA, stati-pUjA Adi kA varNana isa phAgu kA mukhya varNya viSaya hai| 60 kar3I kA yaha kAvya Antara prAsa vAle dvahAbandha meM likhA gayA hai| lekina desAI ise 30 kar3I kI racanA batAte haiN|' lagatA hai ki ve cAra paMktiyoM kI eka kar3I ginate haiN| astu, mandira meM upasthita nAnA pradeza evaM jAti kI ramaNiyoM kI zobhA ke varNana kA lobha kavi saMvarita nahIM kara pAtA aura likhatA hai : ___gUjaraDI guNavaMtiya taMtiya sara avatAri, madhura vayaNa jaba bolai tolai kuNa saMsAri / saralita aMga latA jima tAjima namatIya baMki, soraThaNI mani gauliya kauliya mAni na lAki / ' isa prakAra kI prAdezika zobhA se yukta nAnA vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta mahilAoM kA vRnda ullAsapUrvaka nRtya kara rahA hai / cAroM ora prakRti meM vasaMta kI mAdakatA chAI huI hai| kavi likhatA hai : 1. je0 ai0 gu0 kAvya saMcaya pa0 234 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 10 420 3. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha 1.0 37

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anta maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 267 'bahuphali namai vIjuuriya mauriya aMba rasAla, sahaja subhAgahi rUyaDalA sUyaDalA khelaya DAla / ' anta meM isake prArambha aura anta kA chanda uddhata karake yaha vivaraNa sameTa rahA hU~ : - Adi 'samaravi tribhuvana sAmaNi kAmaNi sira saNagAru, kaviyaNa vayaNa ja varasai sarasa amiu aNAru / vidhana viNAsaNa sAsaNa sAmiu pAsakumAra, gAyavi siri jIrAUli rAUliu phala sAru / ' 'ca uda vatrIsai saMvati saMmati le guru pAsi, jIrAuli pati gAIu chAIu jaga jasa vAsi / pAsaha phAgu sanaMdau caMdau jA abhirAma, sohai meru sunaMdau muni jana vAmu / 60 / ' isameM racanA kA samaya saM0 1432 diyA gayA hai / ataH donoM racanAyeM eka hI samaya kI lagatI haiM / inakI anya racanAoM ke bhI kucha uddharaNa prastuta kie jA rahe haiM / sImandhara stavana kA Adi aura anta dekhiyeAdi 'atirasa harisa raseNa vihasiya, loyaNa maNa vayaNa, thuNisu bhAvi niya sAMmi siri sImaMdharu jiNu rayaNu / 1 / anta 'iyatatti sattibhareNa nimmiu sattha saMgha vagoyarI, akkhINa dhIrima merunaMdaNa mutti siri siimNdhro|' ajita zAnti stavana -yaha prakAzita racanA hai (rAmavilAsa yA ratna samuccaya nAmaka saMgraha meM) Adi 'maMgala kamalAkaMda a subha sAgara pUnamacanda a, jaya guru ajita jiNaMda a, zAntisara nayaNAnaMda / anta 'imi bhagatihi bholima taNI a, siri ajiya saMti jiNatthuya bhaNIye, saraNi bihu jiNa pAya a, zrI meranaMdaNu uvajhAya / ' gautama svAmi chaMda-gAthA 11 saM0 1415 aura dUsarA gautama svAmi chaMda gAthA 10 kA udAharaNaprathama gau0 chanda kA Adi 'aTTha chanda dasa dUhar3A chappahu aDillA dunni / je nisuNai goyama taNA te parivariyai punni / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga pR0 19

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268 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dvitIya gau0 chanda kA anta dekhiye : 'so vIra sIsu sUrIsa varu, mahima garima guNi meru guru / siri goyama gaNaharu jayau ciru, sayala saMgha kalyANa kru| isI prakAra zrI sthUlibhadra munIndracchaMdAsi gAthA 8 aura dvitIya cha dAMsi gAthA 25 hai| isake prathama kA Adi 'jo jiNa sAsaNi kamala vaNihi haMsa jema vikkhAu / so vannisu sovanna taNu thUlibhadda muNirAu / / dUsare kA antima chaMda : 'ubbhiya u hatthu jiNi sIla guNi mahima suraduma devakuru, so thUlibhadda saMghaha jayau mayaNa viDavaNu meru guru / 25 / / isa prakAra inakI tamAma kRtiyoM kA bRhad saMsAra hai| Apa uccakoTi ke kavi aura vidvAn haiN| megho (meho)-Apane saM0 1499 meM 'rANakapUra stavana' aura usI ke AsapAsa 'navasArI stavana' tathA 'tIrthamAlA stavana' likhA / 'tIrthamAlA stavana' prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha aura jaina yuga pustaka saM0 2 ke pRSTha 152 se 156 para prakAzita hai| isakA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai : 'zetruja sAmI risaha jiNaMda pAyataNI ummUla kanda / pUjyA zivasukha sampati dIi, tUThe Apa kanhe prabhu lIi / 1 / ' isakA antima chanda dekhiye : 'mahau kahai mugatinu ThAma, sadA liuM tIrthaMkara nAma, tIrathamAlA bhaNau sAMbhalau, jAi pApa chaTa hui niramalu / 92 // 'rANakapura stavana' kA bhI Adi aura anta uddhRta kiyA jA rahA haiAdi 'vIra jiNesara calaNe lAgI, sarasatI kanhai sumati maI mAgI, vRddhi hoi jima aayii|1| anta bhakti karI sAhammI taNI, avaM daridaNa dAna, cihudisi kIratI vistarIo, adhana dharaNa pradhAna / racanAkAla saMvata cadau navANavai o dhuri kAtI mAse, mehau kahai maI tavana kIyauM manaraMga ulAse / 44 / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, maru gurjara jaina kavi pa0 62-63 2. zrI mo* da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 28 evaM bhAga 3 pR0 436

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 269. 'navasArI stavana' bhI eka stavana hai kintu aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| bhASA tInoM stavana kI sarala marugurjara hai| tInoM stavana haiM ataH inameM kAvya pakSa sAmAnya koTi kA hai| maMDalika-ApakI racanA 'pethaDarAsa' kA samaya anizcita hai kucha vidvAn ise 15vIM zatI ke prathamacaraNa kI aura kucha 14vIM zatI ke antima caraNa kI racanA mAnate haiM, ataH maiMne isa kavi aura isake kAvya kA vivaraNa 14vIM zatAbdI meM hI de diyA hai| ___ yazaHkIti- eka 13vIM zatAbdI ke yazaHkIti kA varNana, jo jagatsundarI prayogamAlA ke kartA kahe gaye haiM, yathAsthAna ho cukA hai| prastuta yazaHkIrti 15vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha gadya lekhaka taruNaprabha sUri ke vidyAguru the| inhoMne 'candappaha carita' nAmaka khaNDakAvya likhA hai jisakI bhASA apabhraMza ke adhika karIba hai| Apane do anya prabandha kAvya bhI likhe haiM-pANDava purANa aura harivaMza purANa jinakI bhASA apabhraza prabhAvita maru garjara hai| zrI desAI ne candappaha carita ko saM0 1521 ke AsapAsa kI racanA kahA hai kintu anya sabhI lekhaka inheM 15vIM zatAbdI kA lekhaka mAnate haiM / cUMki ina kaviyoM ko pUrNatayA marugurjara kA kavi nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura inakI bhASA apabhraMza ke adhika nikaTa hai ataH ye marugurjara kI navIna dhArA kI apekSA apabhraza kI prAcIna dhArA ke adhika kavi haiM isIlie inakA vivaraNa anya apabhraza kaviyoM ke sAtha prathama viSayapravezAntargata apabhraMza prakaraNa meM hI de diyA gayA hai| ratnamaNDanagaNi-Apa tapAgacchIya zrI nandiratna ke ziSya the| Apa ne 'neminAtha navarasa phAga' ( raMgasAgara phAga) aura 'nArI nirAsa phAga' nAmaka racanAyeM marugurjara meM kI haiM / prathama racanA neminAtha navarasa phAga tIna khaNDoM meM samApta haI hai| yaha prakAzita racanA hai, isameM neminAtha kA loka vizrata carita vaNita hai| prathama khaNDa ke prArambha aura anta meM saMskRta ke zloka haiM, isI prakAra dvitIya khaNDa kA bhI prArambha aura anta saMskRta ke zlokoM se huA hai isase kavi kA saMskRta ke prati prema prakaTa hotA hai / tRtIya khaNDa ke prathama zloka meM nemikumAra kA vivAha rAjImatI se nizcita kiyA jAtA hai. usa samaya rAjula kI zobhA kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai 'gorI pIna payoharA zazimukhI vaMdhU karattAdharA, hIrAlI ramaNI yadaMta kavitA varNollisallocanA /

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270 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kanyA komala pANipAda kamalA bhattama lIlA gati, goviMdena mudograsena savidherAjImatI maagitaa|'' isakI bhASA mizra saMskRta hai / isake prathama khaNDa meM 38, dvitIya khaNDa meM 41 aura tRtIya khaNDa meM kula 34 chanda haiN| yaha eka vizeSa bhASA-zailI thii| ____ 'nArI nirAsa phAga' prAcIna phAgusaMgraha meM prakAzita hai| isameM kula 53 chanda haiN| ise zAMtarasa payorAzi rAsaka bhI kahA gayA hai / zAnta rasa samagra jainakAvya kA paryavasAna sthala hai kintu isa rAsa meM nArI ke prasaMga meM vizeSa rUpa se zAntarasa ke avatAraNA kA prayAsa kavi ne kiyA hai kyoMki nArI ke sandarbha meM zRMgAra to svAbhAvika hai kintu zAnta kI avatAraNA kaThina kArya hai| isameM bhI saMskRta chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai aura bIca-bIca meM marugurjara ke chanda sajAye gaye haiM yathA : 'rati pahutI madhumAdhavI sAdhavI zamarasa pUri, jima mahamahI mahItala sItala svajasa kapUri / padmini kula madhurAjali rAjali jiNitaji khemi, jagi jagaU nitanava surayaNa surayaNa maMDana nemi / 51 / ' yaha vasaMtavilAsa kI paddhati para likhA gayA phAga hai kintu vaha pUrNa zRMgArika racanA hai aura yaha zRgAra se nirAsa karane vAlI racanA hai anyathA isakI samagra saMracanA vasaMta vilAsa phAgu kI taraha hI hai| inhoMne saMskRta meM adhika racanAyeM kI haiM jaise 'jayakalpalatA' 'mugdha medhAkarAlaMkAra' aura 'sukRtasAgara' aadi| ye saba alaMkRta bhASA zailI kI prasiddha racanAyeM haiN| yaha to kahA gayA hai ki nArI nirAsa phAga meM eka saMskRta kA chaMda phira eka marugarjara kA chaMda hai aura jo bhAva marugurjara chaMda meM hai vahI saMskRta ke chandoM meM hai| isameM nArI ke pratyeka aMga kI AlaMkArika upamA ko anyathA rUpa se ghaTita karake usase virakta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai jaise netroM ke sambandha meM kavi kI yaha ukti dekhiye :-- "vikasita paMkaja pASaDI, ASaDI Upama cAli, te viSasalila talAvalI __ sA vali pApiNi paali|' yA 'naraga nagari mukha poli, kapoli kapATa-vicAra, jyoti jalaNamaya kuMDala, kuNDalagAra na sAra / 22 / " 1. zrI mo0 80 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 pR0 439-41 2. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 71 -- -

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 271 ina paMktiyoM meM tribalI ko trividha kapaTa kI rekhA aura kSINakaTi ko yuvakoM ko kSINa karane vAlI batAyA gayA hai| isa viSanArI ke viparIta jisake mana meM zamarasa rUpI sundarI kA nivAsa hotA hai usake jIvana meM suprabhAta kA prakAza AtA hai / kavi likhatA hai :'jehamani zamarasa sundari vasai arAti, te majhasIla sudirisaNa-darisaNa diu suprabhAti / 50 / 1 isa prakAra isa kRti meM bar3e AlaMkArika DhaMga se zama kA sundara citra nArI ke viparyAsa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / ratnavallabha- Apane sthUlabhadra phAga (gA0 27) kI racanA isI zatI meM kiyaa| isakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1513 ke Asa-pAsa kI prApta hone se yaha racanA 15vIM zatI meM hI likhI gaI hogii| bhASA aura kAvyatva ke namUne ke lie phAga kA prathama aura antima padya Age uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai :Adi 'paNamiya pAsa jiNiMda paya, anu sarasai samarevI, thUlabhadda muNivaru bhaNasu phAgavaMdhi guNa kevii| 1 / anta 'nandau so siri thUlabhadda, jo jagaha pahANo, bhaliU jiNi jaga-malla, salla rayavallaha maanno| cetra mAsi bahu harasi raMgi iha guNi gAvaU, khelA niyamaNi UlaTahiM tasu phAgu ramevaU / 27 / ' ratnAkara muni-ApakI 'zrI neminAtha vInati' aura 'AdinAtha janmAbhiSeka' nAmaka racanAyeM prApta haiN| inameM se 'janmAbhiSeka' 2 prakAzita racanA hai| ise depAla kI snAtrapUjA ke sAtha prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| yaha kavi depAla kA samakAlIna thaa| inake neminAtha vInati (gAthA 10) kA prArambha isa chanda se huA hai : 'girinAra giriavara mauli, bAravaipuri maMDaNau o, dhannA te nara-nAri, namai nemi je nimmalau o| kajjala kAMti sarIra, sohaga - sundara nemi jiNa, karuNA sAyara dhIra, kevala lacchIya keliyaNa / 2 / ' 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pa0 183 aura prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 75 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pa0 421 3. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 105

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272 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa anta sAvIya sahassa chattIsa lakha Thini taha nemi jiNa / vAsa sahassa savvAuM siva kari sAmiya sivaramaNa / isu uja nemi jiNaMda muNi rayaNAyara kittidharo, cauviha saMghaha deu vara maMgala so mutti vro| 10 / ' ApakI dvitIya racanA AdinAtha janmAbhiSeka ke Adi kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM 'vinIya nayarI vinIya nayarI nAmi nipagehi, marudevihi Uparisara rAya haMsa sAriccha sAmiya, siri risahesara paDhama jiNa, pahama rAyavara vasaha gAmiya, vasaha alaMkiya kaNaya taNa jAgo jaga AdhAra tasu paya vandiya tasu taNo kahizu janma suvicAra / 1 / isake anta kI do paMktiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM : 'iNi pari sayala jinezvarahiM karahu nhavaNa bahumatti / muni rayaNAyara pAvahara jima tuma diyai varamutti / 12 / / ina donoM racanAoM ke kartA ratnAkara muni haiN| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne 'paramparA' meM devasundara sUri ke ziSya paM0 ratnAkara kI racanA kAkabaMdhi caupai 2 (dhammaktaka) saM0 1450 kA ullekha kiyA hai| isakI hastalikhita prati zrI nAhaTA jI ke saMgraha meM hai| zrI nAhaTA jI ne isakA vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| ataH isake sambandha meM kucha nizcayapUrvaka kahanA kaThina hai, kintu itanA nizcita hai ki yaha racanA 15vIM zatAbdI meM saM0 1450 kI hai| ratnAkara mUni depAla ke samakAlIna haiM arthAta 15vIM ke anta aura 16vIM ke pUrvArddha meM inakA racanAkAla anumAnita hai| 16vIM zatI meM meghanandana ke ziSya eka anya ratnAkara pAThaka ho gaye haiM jinhoMne zAntisUri ke prAkRta grantha 'jIna vicAra' para saMskRta meM vRtti likhI thii| __ kAkabaMdhi ke kartA paM0 ratnAkara ina sabase bhinna kavi ho sakate haiM jinakA vivaraNa aprApya hai| eka ratnAkara sUri ratnAkara gaccha ke sthApaka ho gaye haiM jo A0 hemacandra ke samakAlIna the| isa prakAra 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdI se lekara 15-16 taka kaI ratnAkara nAmaka vidvAn lekhaka milate haiM jinakA nizcita vivaraNa aura kAlakrama alpajJAta hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 42 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, paramparA 181

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 273. ratnazekhara sUri-- Apa zrI tilaka sUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM01419 meM 'gautama rAsa' nAmaka 75 gAthA kI racanA thirauddapura meM kii| isameM: gautama gaNadhara ke pAvana caritra ko sAta bhAsoM meM varNita kiyA gayA hai / / isakA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai :-- 18 'oMkAra tuma bhAya vIra sirivanna mahanto / hiyai kamala jhAvi dhyAvei, vIra jiNavara arihanto paNisu goyama svAmi taNI guNa saMthava rAso, jiNu nisuNo bho bhaviya loya maNi harakhi ulAso |1| I isake anta kI kucha paMktiyAM dI jA rahI haiM jinameM racanA sambandhI sUcanAyeM dI gaI haiM yathA- caudaha sayaha guNIsai varasai thiraudapuri garuvau maNi harasa rAsu ehu goyama taNau / . rayaNasihara surIdihikiyau caubiha saMgha viviha parai, riddhi vRddhi maMgala siri diyau / 75 / ' rAjatilaka - ApakI racanA 'jaMbU svAmI phAga' (gAthA 60) saM0 1430 kI likhI prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita hai kintu sAMDesarA ne isa phAgu ke kattA kA nAma ajJAta batAyA hai / zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA jI ne ise rAjatilaka kRta kahA hai kintu unhoMne bhI rAjatilaka ke Age praznavAcaka cihna lagA diyA hai isase lagatA hai ki unheM bhI karttA ke sambandha meM sandeha hai / zrI desAI na bhI isa kRti ko ajJAta kavi kRta hI kahA hai / isa racanA meM kAla nideza to hai kintu lekhaka kA nAma na hone se karttA kA nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA / antara prAsa vAle 60 dUhoM meM yaha phAgu likhA gayA hai aura bhASA kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai / ke nagara jainadharma meM neminAtha aura sthUlibhadra kI bhA~ti jaMbU svAmI kI kathA bhI bar3I lokaprasiddha hai / Apa magadhadeza kI nagarI rAjagRha zra eSThi RSabhadatta aura unakI patnI dhAriNI devI ke putra the / eka bAra apanI yuvAvasthA meM vasaMta Rtu Ane para Apa rAjagRha ke samIpastha vaimAragiri para krIr3Artha gaye / kavi avasara nikAla kara yahIM vasaMta kI vanazrI kA mohaka varNana karatA hai / yahIM para jaMbU kI sudharmA svAmI se mulAkAta huI aura unake upadeza se inheM vAstavika bodha aura vairAgyodaya huA / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - ma0 gu0 jai0 kavi pR0 64

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274 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ghara lauTane para mAtA ne vivAha kA Agraha kiyaa| utsava hone lge| isI prasaMga meM kavi ne nArI ke rUpa aura zRgAra varNana kA avasara nikAla liyA hai| vivAhoparAnta rAtri meM jaMbU vAsara ghara meM gaye kintu rAtri bhara jAgate rahe / isI samaya eka cora AyA jise jaMbU svAmI ne pratibodha diyA aura vaha apane 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha inakA ziSya ho gyaa| bAda meM jaMbU svAmI kI AThoM patniyAM bhI dIkSita huii| kaThina tapasyA aura sAdhanA karake jaMbU svAmI kevalajJAnI hue / isa phAgu meM zreSTha kavitva aura praur3ha bhASA zailI kA paricaya milatA hai aura lekhaka siddhahasta kavi mAlama par3atA hai| jaMbU kI rUpa zobhA kA varNana kavi ina zabdoM meM karatA hai :-- 'jaMbu kumaru tasu naMdanu naMdana taru samuchAyu kAyakAMti bahubhAsaru vAsara nau jima rAu / niruvama ruvi purandara sUndara sohaga sAru, kadali dalAvali komala nimmala jasa AdhAru / ' usake pazcAt prakRti kI vAsaMtI chaThA kA varNana dekhiye 'parimala ketia mAtIya, jAtiya jima vihasaMti, mahUyara tima tima ruNajhuNa ruNa jhuNakAra karaMti / phala dala bhAri manohara moha racai sahakAra, maMjari maura bahakai Tahakai koila saar| tatpazcAt ATha kumAriyoM ke rUpa kA mohaka varNana kiyA gayA hai 'manamatha ThavIya payohara mohara sAvali tuga, lavaNima bharIya aMkurIya pUrIya rAgi nitaMba / ' isa rAsa kI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM jinameM racanAkAla kA ullekha hai __ 'caudaha tIsa saMvacchari mucchari mAni vimattu, jaMbuya guNa anurAgarhi phAgihiM kahIya carittu / 60 / isakA saMkSipta vivaraNa zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne marugurjara jaina kavi pR0 68 para diyA hai| rAjalakSmI-Apa tapAgacchIya zivaculA mahattarA kI ziSyA thiiN| Apane saM0 1500 ke AsapAsa zivacUlA gaNinI vijJapti (gAthA 20) kI 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 30

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 275 racanA kI hai| poravAr3a vaMzIya gehA kI patnI vilhaNa de kI kukSi se jinakIrti sUri aura rAjalakSmI paidA hue the| saM0 1493 meM devalavAr3e (mevAr3a) meM zivacUlA sAdhvI ko mahatarA pada pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| usI samaya ratnazekhara ko vAcaka pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para mahAdeva saMghavI ne bar3A utsava kiyA thaa| yaha vijJapti usI samaya likhI gaI hogii| yaha racanA ai0 jai0 kAvya saMgraha ke tRtIya bhAga meM prathama sthAna para chapI hai / isakA prathama padya nimnAMkita hai : 'zAsana deva te mana dharie cauvIsa jina paya annusriie| goyama svAmi pasAyalue ame gAisi zrI guruNI vivAhaluo / ' yaha vijJapti bhI eka prakAra kA vivAhalu hai| vaise Amataura para vivAhalA dIkSA ke avasara para hI likhe gaye haiM kintu yaha mahattarA pada pradAnotsava ke avasara para likhA gayA hai| isakI antima paMktiyA~ Age uddhata kI jA rahI haiM 'dra padi tArA mRgAvatIe, sItAya mandodarI sarasatI e| sIlasatI sAnidha karaie, bhaNavAthI zrI saMgha duriyA harai / 20 / isameM gaNinI zivacUlA kA carita carcita hai| bhASA sarala evaM kAvyatva sAmAnya koTi kA hai| rAjazekharasUri-Apa maladhArI gaccha ke AcArya tilakasUri ke ziSya the| ApakA janma praznavAhana kUla meM huA thaa| Apa abhayadevasUri kI paramparA meM harSapurIya athavA maladhArI gaccha ke vidvAn the| yaha gaccha koTikagaNa kI madhyama zAkhA se sambaddha thaa| Apa prasiddha vidvAn evaM AcArya the| Apane saMskRta gadya meM prabandhakoza (saM0 1405) nAmaka prasiddha racanA kI hai| isake alAvA zrIdharAcAryakRta nyAyakaMdalI para paMjikA, vinodakathA saMgraha ( hAsyavinoda kI laghu kathAyeM ) syAdvAdakalikA, syAdvAdadIpikA aura SaTdarzanasamuccaya Adi aneka racanAyeM saMskRta meM prApta haiN| dvayAzraya (prAkRta) para bhI Apane vRtti likhii| __ marugurjara meM Apane saM0 1405 ke AsapAsa 'neminAtha phAgu' nAmaka choTI kintu atyanta sarasa racanA kI hai / isameM nemi aura rAjula kI lokavikhyAta mArmika kathA anusyUta hai| neminAtha ke bhaktipUrNa virahabhAva meM 1. ai0 jai0 kA0 saMgraha pR0 339 aura zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA--ma0 gu0 jai0 kavi pR0 106

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276 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa snAta rAjula kA samUcA jIvana hI pavitratA, dRr3ha AsthA aura bhakti kA hRdayasparzI AkhyAna bana gayA hai| yaha phAgu 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' aura 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai| rAsa kI kathA kA sArasaMkSepa isa prakAra hai nemakumAra dvArakA ke yAdavarAja samudravijaya aura rAnI zivAdevI ke suputra the / ugrasena kI putrI, rAjImatI se vivAha ke avasara para bali ke lie ba~dhe pazuoM ko dekhakara inheM virakti huI, Apane kaThora tapa karake tIrthaMkaratva prApta kiyaa| Apa jainadharma ke bAisaveM tIrthaMkara haiM / rAjI - matI inake viraha kI A~ca meM apane jIvana ko tapaHpUta karatI rahI / rAjula kI viraha kathA kA varNana aneka jainakaviyoM ne kiyA hai ataH nemirAjula sambandhI vistRta sAhitya marugurjara meM upalabdha hai jisa para svatantra rUpa se kArya karane kI apekSA hai / nemirAjula sambandhI sAhitya ke gahana araNya meM prastuta racanA apane kAvyatva evaM aitihAsika sthiti ke kAraNa viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai / isameM sAta vibhAga haiN| hara vibhAga meM eka dohe ke bAda rolA chanda prayukta hai / isake Adi kA chanda isa prakAra hai 'siddhi jehiM saivara cariya te titthayara namevi, phAgubaMdhi pahu nemi jiNu guNa gAosau kevI / 1 / rAjula kI nakhazikha zobhA kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai'aha sAmala komala kezapAsa, kiri mora kalAu / addha caMda samu bhAlu mayaNu posai bhauvAu / ahara pavAla vireha kaMThu rAjala jANu vINu raNaraNAI, jANu koila TahakaDalau | kiri sasibiMba kapola kanna hiMDola phuraMtA, sara ruDau / nAsA vaMsA garur3a caMcu dADima phala daMtA / ityAdi / 2 rAjula kA marmabhedI vilApa kavi ne bar3e kAruNika DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai / vivAha kA utsava aura dhUmadhAma apane caramabindu para pahu~catA hai, cAroM ora nAca-gAna, bAje-gAje kA zora ho rahA hai 'ruNujhuNu ruNujhuNu e ruNujhuNu e kaDighaghariyAlI | rimajhima rimajhima rimajhima e paya neUra juyalI / ' 1. prAcIna phAgusaMgraha aura jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 13

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 277 tabhI akasmAt nemi ke vairAgya kA samAcAra cAroM ora vijalI kI taraha phailakara sarvatra viSAda kA vAtAvaraNa utpanna kara detA hai| pAle se hata jhulasI huI kamalinI ke samAna rAjula mlAna, vivarNa mukha se vilApa karane lagatI hai, kavi isakA varNana ina zabdoM meM karatA hai dharaNi dhasakkai paDau devi rAjala vihalaghaMla / rovai rijjai vesu rubu bahumannai nipphalu / 24 / anta meM kavi kahatA hai : 'rAjala devi sau siddhi gayauso deu thunniiji| malahArihiM rAyasiMhara sUri kiu phAgu ramIjai / 27 / gopiyoM kI pavitra bhakti ke samAna rAjula kI virahapUta bhakti kA varNana kRSNa ke cacere bhAI nemikumAra ko nAyaka banAkara jaina sAhitya meM kAphI prAcIna kAla se hotA AyA hai| bhakti-Andolana dvArA ise Age calakara kAphI preraNA milI aura nemi-rAjula ke mArmika prasaMga para kAvyatva kI dRSTi se uccakoTi kA prabhUta sAhitya likhA gyaa| rAjazekhara kRta zrI pArzvanAtha stotram (10 gAthA) kA vivaraNa zrI nAhaTA jI ne diyA hai|' isakA Adi aura anta Age prastuta hai :Adi 'kamaThAsura mANa giriMda pavi bhaviyaMga saroja viboha ravi / surarAya viNaMmiya NegamahaM, vinuvAmi jiNosara pAsa mahaM / 1 / anta 'siri asaseNa naresara jAo, iMdanIla niluppala kaao| rAya sihari saMpUiya pAo, pAsu pasIyau me jinnraao| 10 / ApakI yaha racanA phAgu ke koTi kI to nahIM hai kintu unakA nAma isameM spaSTa rUpa se AyA hai ataH zaMkA kA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| ina racanAoM ke AdhAra para Apa saMskRta prAkRta ke sAtha marugurjara ke uccakoTi ke kavi siddha hote haiN| inhoMne dhArmika stotram Adi ke sAtha rasapUrNa phAgu jaisI kAvyAtmaka kRti likhakara apanI bahumukhI pratibhA pramANita kara dI hai| ___ vastiga (vasto)--Apa sambhavataH ratnaprabhasUri ke ziSya the| ApakI racanA 'cihuMgati caupai' saM0 1462 se pUrva likhI gaI hai kyoMki saM0 1462 kI likhI isakI hastaprati prApta hai| isameM jIva kI cAra gati-- 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 59 aura jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 pu. 412

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278 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa manuSya, tiryaMca, naraka aura deva tathA nAnAyoniyoM meM bhaTakate prANiyoM ko prApta hone vAle asahya duHkhAM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 14vIM zatI kI racanA 'vIsa viharamAna rAsa' ke lekhaka vastiga ko hI cihuMgati cau0 kA bhI lekhaka mAnakara isa kRti kA paricaya 14vIM zatAbdI meM vastiga ke sAtha diyA jA cukA hai aura jaba taka nizcita pramANoM se yaha siddha na ho jAya ki ina donoM ke lekhaka do vastiga haiM jaba taka merA nivedana hai ki ukta donoM ko eka hI vyakti samajhA jAya / inheM 14vIM zatAbdI kA lekhaka mAnanA hI ucita lagatA hai| cihuMgati kI antima do paMktiyA~ yahA~ punaH uddha ta kI jA rahI haiM : 'rAmatinI chai mU ghaNI Teva, guruyA saMghanI nitu karu seva, ajJAna paNai AsAtana thAi, vastiga lAgai zrIsaMgha paay|'' rAtribhojana, rahanemi rAjImatI ApakI prakAzita racanAyeM haiN| ho sakatA hai ki ye donoM do kavi hoM; isa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| vijayabhadra-Apa Agama gaccha ke AcArya hemavimala sUri ke praziSya evaM lAvaNya ratna ke ziSya the| ApakI cAra racanAyeM marugurjara meM prApta haiM (1) kamalAvatI rAsa, (2) kalAvatI satIrAsa, (3)haMsarAja vaccharAja (saM0 1410 prakAzita) aura (4)zIla viSezikhAmaNa / kamalAvatIrAsa kA prArambhika padya pahale uddha ta kiyA jA rahA hai : 'Adi namu vIra jiNesara diNesara abhinavo hUNi, bharata kSetre bharuaci nagaranI zobhA jANi, megharatha rAjA rAjakare dharma jape, indranI riddha jisI tisI tasaghara sNpi|1|' isake 76-77veM padya meM guru paramparA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai ataH unheM bhI Age uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : 'gacchanagAyaka re hemavimala sUri gahagahiyA guNamaMdira re paMDita zreNi siromaNi, nita vAMdai re lAvaNyaratna vidyAdhaNI vijayabhadra bhaNe bhale bhaave| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI bhAga 1 pR0 23

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 279 kisI-kisI prati meM isakI antima paMkti isa prakAra bhI hai, yathA 'cAritra pAli karma jAli kevalI guru bethayA, vijayabhadra munivara jape mokSa mandira mA hiMyA / ' kalAvatI satI rAsa meM kalAvatI ke satItva kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai| isakA prArambhika padya isa prakAra hai : 'bharata kSetri re nayarI chi magalAvatI, zaMSa rAjA re rAja karai jaisiu surptii| eka divase re rAI maMtrI bolAvIU, datta mantrI re desAura thI AvIu / isakA antima padya bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai bhUpanu suta rAja thApI lIghu saMyama suSa bharii, devaloki bihu puhatAM sugati jAsi avatarI, kalAvatInI pachIya saMjhAya, na paDIi saMsArasiuM vijayabhadra munivara satIyadhyAi, mokSa jaii lIlasiu / 49 / isameM maMgalAcaraNa ke binA hI pahale chanda se kathA prArambha kara dI gaI hai| kathA meM kautUhala tatva kI rakSA kI gaI hai / kAvyatva sAmAnya koTi kA hai| kavi kI dRSTi zikSA yA upadeza kI ora jyAdA hai| isakI bhASA sAmAnya janatA ke lie sugama hai / inakI anya do racanAoM-haMsarAja vaccharAja (saM0 1411) aura zIlaviziSAmaNa kA zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne kevala ullekha kiyA hai vivaraNa uddharaNa nahIM diyA hai| unhoMne zIlaviSe aura zIlaviSe ziSAmaNa nAmaka do alaga-alaga racanAyeM batAI haiM para lagatA hai ki donoM eka hI haiN| kalAvatI satIrAsa kI kisI anya hastaprati meM 49vIM kaDI ke bAda nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ milatI haiM jinameM kavi paricaya hai : 'guNa giruA re meruA pari jasu mahamahiyA, gachanAyaka re hemavimala sUri gahagahiyA / guNa maMDire paMDita zreNi siromaNi, nita bAMdau re lAvaNyaratna vidyA dhnnii| lAvaNyaratna hu~ suguru gAU~ sadA jAU~ bhAmaNAi, kalAvatI mai kavita kIdhauM aMga prasAdiiguru taNai / 1. mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 14-15 vahI khaNDa 3 pR0 415-16

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280 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa je bhaviya bhaNasii anai suNasai karma haNasii strI naro, vijayabhadra bhaNai bhalai bhAvii vegi varasiI syNbro|77|' zrAvaka viddhagu -Apa ThakkuramAlhe-putra kahe gaye haiN| Apa jinodaya sUri ke bhakta zrAvaka the| rAjagRha ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM saM0 1412 kA zilAlekha (381 zloka) saMskRta meM lagA hai usake Apa hI kartA kahe jAte haiM / ApakI marugurjara meM likhI 'jJAna paMcamI' saM0 1423 kI racanA hai / yaha 548 chaMdoM kI vistRta racanA hai| isameM zrutapaMcamI yA jJAna paMcamI vrata ke mAhAtmya para kathA ke mAdhyama se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jinodaya sUri kA AcArya kAla saM01415 se saM01432 taka mAnya hai / ataH zrAvaka viddhaNa kA bhI yahI samaya hogaa| inake bacapana kA nAma vIdhA thaa| inakI marugurjara bhASA para gurjara kA prabhAva adhika mAlUma par3atA hai| pramANa svarUpa 'jJAna paMcamI' se kucha paMktiyA~ Age uddhata kI jA rahI haiMracanA kA Adi : 'jiNavara sAsaNi Achai sAru, jAsU na lAbhai aMta apAru, par3hahu guNahu~ pUjahuM nisunehu, siyapaMcami phalu kahiyau aihu|" cauthe chanda meM kavi kA nAma hai, yathA-- ATha dala kamala UpanI nAri joNi payAsiya vejai cAri, sasi harabiMbu amiya rasu karai, namaskAra tasu viddhanu karai / 4 / Age kavi ne apanA aura apanI racanA kA thor3A paricaya diyA hai jaise : 'Thakkara mAlhe puttu viddhaNu pabhaNaIsuddha ma harasihi lAgau cItu caudaha sai tei samai / isakA antima chaMda isa prakAra hai : 'iha siyapaMcamI temi ciru NaMdau saMsAra mA~ha, te nara sivapura jAMhi par3hahi guNahiM je saMbhalahiM / 548 / isakI bhASA svAbhAvika bola cAla kI marugurjara hai| sAmAnya janoM ko zra tapaMcamIvrata kA mAhAtmya samajhAne ke lie likhI gaI isa racanA meM kAvyatva sAmAnya koTi kA hai| bhaTTAraka vinayacandra-Apako mAthura saMghIya bhaTTAraka bAlacandra kA ziSya kahA jAtA hai / kucha loga inheM udayacandra (digambara) kA ziSya batAte 1. mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu00 bhAga 1 1.0 14-15 aura bhAga 3 pR0415.96 2. vahI bhAga 3 pR0 418-419 .

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 281 haiM / ApakI kaI racanAyeM upalabdha haiM inameM se kalyANaka rAsu, 'Nirjhara paMcamI kahA rAsa' aura vihAr3a kahA apabhraMza prabhAvita bhASA kI racanAyeM haiM aura inheM marugurjara kI racanA kahanA ucita nahIM lagatA / inakI eka choTI kRti 'cUnar3I' bar3I prasiddha hai aura isakI bhASA bhI marugurjara hai| isakI saM0 1576 kI likhI hastaprati prApta hai ataH yaha 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hogii| bha0 vinayacandra kA samaya anirNIta hai| kahA jAtA hai ki Apane cUnar3I kI racanA ajayanareza ke giripura sthita rAjavihAra meM kiyA thaa| gujarAta ke itihAsa meM ajayarAja nAmaka do narezoM kA ullekha milatA hai| tribhuvanagiri yA vartamAna karolI kA zAsaka ajayarAja vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI meM thA aura kumArapAla kA bhatIjA ajayarAja 15vIM ke pUrvArddha meM thA ataH yaha racanA yA to 14vIM ke antima yA 15vIM zatI ke prArambha meM huI hogii| cUnar3I auratoM kI or3hanI ko kahate haiM jise raMgareja nAnA prakAra ke belabUToM se sajAtA hai| yaha 31 padyoM kI 'cUnar3I' nAmaka racanA cUnar3I ko hI pratIka banAkara likhI gaI hai| eka mugdhA nAyikA apane pati se aisI cUnar3I kI prArthanA karatI hai jise or3hakara jinazAsana meM kuzalatA prApta ho ske| isa prakAra dhArmika bhAvoM ko hI cUnar3I kA rUpaka pradAna kiyA gayA hai / kabIra kI 'jhInIjhInI bInI cadariyA' isase yadi paravartI racanA ho to prabhAvita kahI jA sakatI hai| jo ho, donoM meM paryApta bhAva sAmya hai| bha0 vinayacanda kI bhASA kA namUnA nimna uddharaNa dvArA prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai :-- 'hIrA daMtapaMti paDayaMtI, gorau piu bolai vihasaMtI sundara jAi su cei hari dappaNa, mahudaya kijjau suhaya sulkkhnn|1 bhASA kI thor3I sI bAnagI dekhane se to kavi uccakoTi kA pratIta hotA hai kintu isake kAvya pakSa kA vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha na ho sakane ke kAraNa vAstavika mUlyAMkana sambhava nahIM hai| vinayaprabha -Apa kharatara gacchIya dAdA jinakUzala sari ke ziSya the| Apane saMskRta, apabhraMza aura marugurjara bhASA meM kAphI racanAyeM kI haiM / naravarma caritra saM0 1411 khaMbhAta, mahAvIra stavana vimalAcala RSi jina1. zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina-hindI jai0 sA0 kA saM0 i0 pa0 71 aura hi0 sA0 vR0 i0 bhAga 3 pR0 347

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282 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa stavana, zAnti jinastavana, tamAlatAlI pArzva stavana, tIrthayAtrA stavana Adi ApakI saMskRta bhASA kI racanAyeM haiN| caturviMzati jinastavana, sImaMdhara stavana aura tIrthamAlA stavana Adi ApakI apabhraMza kI racanAyeM haiN| vItarAga vijJapti (13 padya) aura gautama rAsa (47 padya saM0 1412) ApakI marugurjara kI racanAyeM haiN| inameM se gautama rAsa sarvAdhika prasiddha evaM lokapriya racanA hai| hajAroM zrAvaka isakA nityapATha karate haiM aura yaha pacIsoM pustakoM meM chapa cakA hai| yaha racanA unhoMne saM0 1412 kAtika zukla 1 khaMbhAta meM apane bhAI ke dAridraya nivAraNArtha likhI thI; isalie dhanakAmI isakA pArAyaNa bar3I AturatA se karate haiN| kucha loga ise udayavaMta kRta likhakara yA vijayabhadra kRta batAkara bhrama utpanna karate haiM kintu rAsa kI 43vIM gAthA meM spaSTa 'viNayapahu uvajjhAya thuNijjai' likhA hai arthAt vinayaprabha upAdhyAya ne likhA hai| gautamarAsa kA vaijJAnika adhyayana mahopAdhyAya zrI vinayasAgara jI ne 'gautamarAsa parizIlana' meM kiyA hai| isa racanA ke 18 varSa bAda saM0 1430 kI likhita prAcIna svAdhyAya pustikA meM yaha rAsa tathA vinayaprabha kRta anya kaI stotrAdi prApta hue haiM / prati bIkAnera ke jJAna bhaMDAra meM surakSita hai| __ zrI vinayaprabha kA janma saM0 1367 se 72 ke bIca kisI samaya honA cAhiye / ApakI dIkSA saM0 1382 meM huI aura yadi usa samaya ve 1015 varSa ke rahe hoM to yahI janma samaya nikalatA hai| Apake sAtha hI jinodayasUri (somaprabha) bhI dIkSita hue the| jinalabdhasUri inake sahapAThI the| inheM 1394 se 1406 ke bIca kabhI upAdhyAya pada prApta huA hogaa| saMbhavataH inakA gahastha nAma udayavaMta rahA ho / ataH kucha pratiyoM meM racanAkAra ke rUpa meM udayavaMta kA nAma bhI milatA hai| saM0 1432 meM jinodaya sUri kA svargavAsa huA aura saM0 1433 meM unake paTTa para jinarAjasUri pratiSThita hue| isI bIca kabhI vinayaprabha kA bhI dehAvasAna huA hogA kyoMki isake bAda inakI koI vizeSa racanA na to milatI hai aura koI sUcanA milatI hai| ____ gautamarAsa kI saMkSipta kathA-magadha deza ke guvvara grAma meM vasubhUti ke putra indrabhUti bar3e rUpavAna, guNavAna aura pratibhAvAna the| eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAvA padhArane para Apane apane saMzaya unake samakSa rakhe jinheM mahAvIra ne turanta dUra kara diyA aura usase prabhAvita hokara 1. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara-gautamarAja parizIlana pR0 81.82

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 243 indrabhUti ne unase dIkSA lI aura gaNadhara bne| gautama gaNadhara ko apane guru ke prati bar3A lagAva hone ke kAraNa unheM kevala jJAna nahIM prApta huA ataH mahAvIra svAmI ne apanI mRtyu ke pUrva unheM kahIM anyatra bheja diyaa| isa ghaTanA se hI gautama ko yaha jJAna prApta haA ki kaivalya ke lie vItarAga honA Avazyaka hai-- 'khAco e eha vItarAga, neha ne jehane lAlio e, tiNo same e goyama citta rAga virAge valio e| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM gautamarAsa kI bar3I mAnyatA hai / isakI bIsoM pratiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| isa rAsa meM mahAvIra ke samaya kI sAmAjika sthiti kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai / yaha eka aitihAsika racanA hai| isakA prathama padya dekhiye :-- 'vIra jiNesara caraNa kamala kamalAkaya-vAsau, paNamavi bhaNisu sAmi sAla goyama guru tasau / bhaNu taNu vayaNa ekaMta karivi nisuNuha bho bhaviyA, jima nivasai tumi deha-geha guNa gaNa ghghiyaa|' isameM chanda 1 se chaThe chaMda taka mAtrika chaMda-rolA aura catuSpadI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isake bAda raDDA aura anya purAne chanda bhI prayukta haiN| bha0 mahAvIra kA guNa varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai :-- 'carama jiNesara kevala nANI, citaviha saMgha paiTThA jANI, pAvApurI sAmI saMpattau, cauviha devanikAyahiM juttu|' isake bAda gautama ke ziSya banane kA prasaMga varNita hai :-- 'mAna meli mada Theli kari bhagatihiM namyau sIsa tau / paMca sapAMsU vrata liyo e, goyama pahilau siistu| nAma lai AbhAsa karai te paNa pratibodhaya jau / 20 / 1 gautama svAmI ke bhavya vyaktitva kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai :-- 'sAta hAtha supramANa deha rupihiM rambhAvaru, nayaNa vayaNa kara caraNi jiNavi paMkaja jali pADiya / racanAkAla kA nirdeza 45veM padya meM dekhiye :-- 'caudaha saya vArottara vrsi| goyama gaNahara kevala divasai kiyo kavita upagAra-parau, AdihiM maMgala e pabhaNIjau / 1. gautamarAsa parizIlana pR0 114

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284 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rAsa kA 47vAM aura antima chaMda isa prakAra hai :"kuMkuma caMdana char3o divarAvau mANika motinau cauka purAvau / ramaNa siMhA saNi vesaNu e, tiha vaisi guru desanA daisI / bhavika jIvanA kAja saresI, nitanita maMgala udaya karau / 47 / " zrI mo060 desAI ne kisI anya prati se isa padya ko isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai : AdihiM maMgala ama bhaNIjaiM, paravi mahochavi pahilU dIjai, riddhi vRddhi kalyANa kro|' isameM alaMkAroM kA acchA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, yathA anuprAsa kA udAharaNa dekhiye vinaya viveka vicAra sAra guNa gaNahu manohara (yA) nayaNa vayaNa kara caraNa jaNavi paMkaja jala pADiya / rUpaka-'caudaha vijjA viviha rUva nArI rasa luddha / upamA-'krodha mAna mAyA mada pUrA, jApai nANa jima dina corA / rasa-isa rAsa ke 33veM chanda se 363 chanda taka gautama svAmI ke vicAra maMthana se antataH zAntarasa kA spaSTa paripAka huA hai| isakA pratipAdya gautama kI jIvanagAthA ke kAvyamaya varNana dvArA jaina dharma kA antima lakSya 'zama' kI prApti hai| isakI bhASA Adarza marugurjara hai jisameM yatratatra apabhraza kI jhalaka mila jAtI hai| isameM rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI ke pracalita zabdarUpa pracura mAtrA meM prayukta hue haiM, jaise caudaha, kalyANa karijjai, vilasai, pUnama, par3hama, hosai, vayaNa, thANyA Adi rAjasthAnI zabdoM ke alAvA iNi, naravai, gihabAse, tihuyaNa, nANa, jema, pekhavi, huau, cauviha Adi gujarAtI zabda bhI prayukta hue haiN| isameM sAhityika TakasAlI bhASA ke sthAna para sarvasAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA kA rUpa daSTigocara hotA hai| vAkya racanA sarala aura bhASA bodhagamya hai| racanA meM nAnA prakAra ke chaMdoM aura alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vinayaprabha racita tIrthamAlA kA prakAzana zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne jainamAlA meM kiyA hai / inakI dUsarI racanA 'vItarAga vijJapti' kA vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM ho sakA ataH usakA vivaraNa denA saMbhava nahIM huaa| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 16 .

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245 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya vIranandana-ApakI racanA kA nAma 'puruSottama paMca pANDava rAsa' ( 24 gA0 ) hai| yaha 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai kintu racanAvarSa nizcita nahIM hai / isameM pANDavoM kI kathA jaina matAnukUla varNita hai / isakA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : "paMDu naresara niya kumaru, pariNavi sAnaMdu, hatthiNAhauri puri Aviyata, sAthi kariu goviMdu / 1 / racanA ke anta meM kavi kA nAma milatA hai lekina racanA sambandhI anya vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hote, yathA : "jAdava pAMDava kUmara save te guNahi samiddhA, uttima dhamma pavitra gutta tihu bhuvaNi prasiddhA; rAja karatau dharaha jagatra riSi tIratha vaMdau, jasu vitthAraha riddhi vRddhi pAvahu vIrunaMdau // 24 // ' zAnti sUri-ApakI 15vIM zatI kI eka choTI racanA 'zrI arbudAcala hIyAlI' ( 6 gAthA ) prApta hai| hIyAlI eka vizeSa prakAra kA kAvya rUpa hai jo prahelikA yA bujhauvala ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / isakI vyutpatti zAyada prahelikA se huI hogii| ise hIyAlI yA gUr3hA bhI kahate haiM / 'vajjAlagga' meM hIyAlI eka padyavAlI racanA ke rUpa meM milatI hai kintu jaina granthoM meM 15 vIM zatAbdI taka pAMca se dasa padyoM taka kI hIyAlI milane lagatI hai| amIra khusaro kI 'pahelI' bhI prahelikA yA hIyAlI kA hI rUpAntara hai| isakA pahalA padya dekhiye :-- "vimala daMDa nAyaka nI vasahI soji aSTApadi deu / nhavaNai nIri niramala thAiji, jai koi jANai bheu / isakA antima padya bhI namUne ke taura para prastuta hai : 'nahIyali ghaNa gAjatu sabhaili kAyara kaMpai dehai, bArahamAsa sadA phaladAyaka, surahau avicala geha / zAMti sUri bhaNai amha hIyAlI je nara kahaI eha, bhaTakai jhalahaMtI te pAma iM, jANa mAMhi jagi reha / ' hIyAlI kI bhASA sarala aura bhAva gUr3ha hote haiN| yaha eka prakAra kA loka kAvya hai jo prAyaH jAnakAra logoM ko kaMThastha hotA hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 422 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 116

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maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zivadAsa - Apa cAraNa kavi-sAhityakAra the / rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM 'vacanikA' eka vizeSa prakAra kA sAhityarUpa hai / ApakI racanA 'acaladAsa khIcI rI vacanikA' saM0 1472 ke AsapAsa likhI eka prasiddha racanA hai / yaha gadya-padya mizrita racanA 15vIM zatAbdI ke rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / isakA vivaraNa gadya khaNDa ke antargata diyA jAyegA / 286 zAlibhadra sUri - Apa pUrNimAgaccha ke kavi the / Apane saM0 1410 meM nAdaudrI meM devacandra ke anurodha para 'pA~ca pANDava rAsa' likhA / yaha prAcIna jaina rAsa saMgraha, ( bar3audA ) meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / isameM pA~coM pANDavoM kA jIvanavRtta jaina matAnukUla kathA meM parivartana karake prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isake prArambhika do padya prastuta haiM : 'nemi jiNaMdaha paya paNamevI, sarasati sAmiNi maNi samarevI / fafe mADI aNusarai / 1 / Agaha dvApara mAhi jubIto, paMcaha paMDavataNau carIto / haraSi hIyAnai hu bhaNaUM / 2 / isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM jinameM racanA kA sthAna aura samaya diyA gayA hai : 'setruji titthi caDevi pAMcaha paMDava siddhi gayA a, paMDava taNau carItu je par3hao jo guNao saMbhalao, SAka taNau viNAsu tasu rahai~ a helAM hoisi o / nIpanau nayari nAdaudrI baccharI o cauda dahotara o / taMdula khayAlIya sUtra mAjhilA a bhava amhi UdharyA o | pUnama parava muNiMda sAlibhadra o sUrihi nImIu o / devacandra uparodhi paMDava a rAsu rasAuli o / " sAli sUri- ApakI racanA bhI mahAbhArata kI kathA para AdhArita hai jisakA nAma 'virATa parva' hai / zAlibhadra sUri apanA nAma sAlibhadra sUri bhI likhate haiM, sambhava hai ki usameM se 'bhadra' haTa gayA ho aura sAli sUri raha gayA ho tathA 'pA~ca pANDava rAsa' ke karttA zAlibhadra sUri aura virAT parva ke karttA sAlisUri eka hI vyakti hoM / isakI kathA aura nAma kI samAnatA ko dekhate hue kI mo0 da0 desAI ne bhI donoM ke eka hI vyakti hone kI 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, 'paramparA' pR0 179 aura desAI, je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 413

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 287 sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai| donoM kA racanAkAla bhI prAyaH eka hI hai| donoM racanAyeM 'prAcIna jaina rAsa saMgraha' meM eka sAtha hI prakAzita haiN| isakA maMgalAcaraNa ina paMktiyoM se prArambha huA hai : 'kAsamIra mukha maMDaNa mADI, tUM samI jagi na koI bhiraaddii| gIta nAdi jima koili kUjai, tUM pasAi savi kutiga pUjai / 1 / paMca paMDavi vanaMtari vimAsiuM, terimUM barasa kemi gamisiuM / buddhi nAradi mahAriSi ApI, madhyadeza rahiyo tumhi vyApI / 3 / isakI antima paMktiyA~ bhASA ke namUne ke lie prastuta haiM : 'giU kauravAdhipati sainya samasta hArI, giu pArtha uttara sahiumanu harSa bhaarii| ANiu virATa cihu pANDava harSa pUri, kIdhau kavitta ihaha kutigi sAlisari / / kavi ne isameM racanA sambandhI vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| isakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1604 kI prApta hai ataH yaha racanA nizcaya hI 15vIM zatAbdI kI hogI / isakI bhASA marugurjara hai|| (bhaTTAraka) sakala koti--Apa sarasvatI gaccha ke bhaTTAraka padmanandi ke ziSya the| unhIM se inhoMne saMskRta bhASA aura zAstroM kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyA thaa| ApakA janma saM0 1443 meM huaa| Apake pitA kA nAma zrI karamasiMha aura mAtA kA nAma zrImatI zobhA thaa| ApakA parivAra aNahilapura paTTaNa meM rahatA thaa| Apa jAti ke huMbaDa vaizya the aura bacapana kA nAma pUrNasiMha thaa| Apane 18 varSa kI avasthA meM sAdhajIvana grahaNa kara liyaa| inheM 34 varSa kI avasthA meM AcArya kA pada prApta haA aura usI samaya se inakA nAma sakalakIrti pdd'aa| ApakA saMskRta aura marugurjara bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra thA aura ina bhASAoM meM Apane pracura sAhitya likhA hai| DaoN0 kAsalIbAla ne Apake likhe 27 granthoM kI sUcanA dI hai|' Apake mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI sUcI yahA~ dI jA rahI hai : ApakI saMskRta racanAoM meM mUlAcAra pradIpa, vratakathA koSa, nemijina caritra, praznottarI pAsakAcAra, AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, zAntinAtha 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 414-415 2. dekhie-bhaTTAraka sakala kIti rAsa 3. DaoN. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta, vyaktitva evaM kRtitva /

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288 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa caritra, varddhamAna caritra, mallinAtha caritra, yazodhara caritra, dhanyakumAra caritra, sukumAlacaritra, sudarzanacaritra, sadbhASitAvali, siddhAntasAra dIpaka, karmavipAka, tatvArthasAradIpaka, AgamasAra, purANa saMgraha, zrIpAla caritra, jaMbU svAmI caritra, dvAdazAnuprekSA, aSTAhnikA pUjA, solahakAraNa pUjA, gaNadharavalaya pUjA Adi ullekhanIya haiN| ApakI marugurjara bhASA meM likhI pAMca-chaha racanAyeM upalabdha haiM unameM 'ArAdhanA pratibodhasAra, nemIzvara gIta, NamokAra phalagIta, solahakAraNa rAsa, sAra sIkhAmaNa rAsa, zAntinAtha phAgu mahatvapUrNa haiN| ina sabakA racanA kAla 15 vIM zatAbdI hai| IDara kI bhaTTArakIya gaddI para saM0 1477 meM sakala kIrti virAjamAna hue| yaha tithi bha0 sakalakIrti rAsa ke AdhAra para dI gaI hai| DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ne apane grantha 'hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi' meM ise saM0 1444 batAyA hai kintu vaha ThIka nahIM mAlama hotaa| Apake kaI granthoM jaise yazodhara caritra, mallinAtha caritra aura sudarzana caritra Adi meM tatkAlIna itihAsa se sambandhita aneka mahatvapUrNa sUcanAyeM saMkalita haiM / pustaka lekhana ke alAvA Apane dharma kI prabhAvanA ke lie bar3A mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA / Apane anekoM maMdira-mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA kraaii| ApakI jIvanI se patA calatA hai ki Apa apane jIvana ke pUrvArddha meM rAjasthAna meM aura uttarArddha meM adhikatara gujarAta meM vihAra karate rahe isalie ApakI marugurjara bhASA kI racanAoM meM yaha antara kAlakrama ke anusAra spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai| prArambhika racanAoM kI bhASA para rAjasthAnI aura uttarakAlIna racanAoM para gurjara kA prabhAva pratyakSa dikhAI par3atA hai / DaoN0 kAsalIvAla ne inakI bhASA ko hindI kahA hai| vastutaH ye purAnI hindI yA marugurjara kI racanAyeM haiN| Apake anuja aura ziSya brahma jinadAsa ne bhI marugurjara meM uccakoTi kA pracura sAhitya likhaa| Apake dUsare ziSya bhuvanakIti bhI bar3e vidvAn aura yazasvI lekhaka the| bha0 sakalakIrti ne apanI racanAoM aura kriyAoM se marugurjara pradeza meM navIna cetanA kA sphuraNa kiyA thaa| Apa kI kIrti kA bakhAna kaI kaviyoM jaise sakalabhUSaNa, zubhacandra Adi ne muktakaNTha se apanI racanAoM meM kiyA hai| ApakA svargavAsa mahasANA (gujarAta) meM saM0 1499 meM huaa| Apa pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke antima mahAkavi aura AcArya haiN| sakalakoti kI (pu0 hindI) marugurjara kI racanAoM kA paricaya'NamokAra phalagIta' ApakI prathama bhASA racanA kahI jAtI hai| 15 padyoM

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 289. kI isa choTI racanA meM NamokAra mantra kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva adhika hai| ApakI dUsarI racanA 'ArAdhanA pratibodhasAra' 55 padyoM kI sundara kRti hai| 'sAra sIkhAmaNa rAsa' meM cAra DhAle haiN| isakA racanAkAla saM0 1479 se 99 ke bIca koI varSa ho sakatA hai| isameM sarasa zailI meM dharmopadeza kiyA gayA hai| isameM bhI rAjasthAnI kA anupAta adhika haiM / sAra sIkhAmaNa rAsa kI cauthI DhAla meM zikSA detA huA kavi kahatA hai : 'yovana re kUTamba haridhi, lakSmI caMcala jaanniiie| jIva hare saraNa na koi, dharma binA soi aajiiie| saMsAra re kAla anAdi, jIva Agi ghaNu phiryue| akali re Avi jAi, karama Age gali thryue| kAyathI re jU jU hoi kUTamba parivAra begle| khimA re khaDaga dharevi, krodha virI sNghaanniiie|' ityAdi 'solahakAraNa rAsa' tathA zAntinAtha phAgU ( tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kA saMkSipta jIvana caritra ) meM marugurjara ke sAtha kahIM-kahIM prAkRta kI gAthA aura saMskRta ke zloka bhI nibaddha haiN| 'solaha kAraNa rAsa' eka kathAtmaka kRti hai jisameM 'solahakAraNa' vrata ke mAhAtmya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / / isa rAsa kI antima paMktiyAM dekhiye : 'eka citti je vrata karai, nara ahavA nArI, tIrthaMkara pada so lahai, jo samakita dhArI / sakalakIrti muni rAsu kiyaue solahakAraNa, par3hahi guNahi jo sAbhalahi tinha siva suha kaarnn|'' zAntinAtha phAgu kI bhASA sarasa evaM manohArI hai / bhASA kA namUnA dekhiye : 'nRta suta ramaNi gajapati ramaNI taruNI sama kIDate re / bahuguNa sAgara avadhi divAkara subhakara nisidina puNya re| chaDiya maya sUkha pAliya jinadikha sanamUkha Atama dhyAna re| kaNasaNa vidhanA mumIa asUnA AjJA jinavara levi re|'3 1. DaoN. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla rA0 je0 santa kavi pR0 18 2. vahI pR0 19 vahI pR0 20

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290 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa inakI marugurjara kI racanAyeM choTI haiM aura saMkhyA meM bhI kama haiM kintu bhASA adhyayana kI dRSTi se (vizeSatayA hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI) inakA vizeSa mahatva hai| ApakI choTI racanA 'muktAvali gIta' meM gujarAtI prayoga adhika hai ataH yaha racanA bhaTTAraka sakalakIti ke uttara kAlIna jIvana kI hogI jaba ve adhikatara gujarAta meM vihAra kara rahe the| nemIzvara gIta aura muktAvali gIta saMgIta pradhAna racanAyeM haiN| inakI bhASA meM laya, geyatA aura pravAha darzanIya hai| isa prakAra bha0sakalakIrti na kevala marugurjara balki samagra jaina sAhitya ke eka mahAna stambha siddha hote haiN| ___ sadhAru-(digambara) inake pitA kA nAma sAha maharAja aura mAtA kA nAma sudhanu thaa| Apa eraccha nagaravAsI the| ApakA prabandha kAvya 'pradyumna caritra' kRSNa kathA kI jaina paramparA para AdhArita hai| yaha kAvya saM0 1411 meM madhyapradeza ke elicapUra nAmaka sthAna meM likhA gayA thaa| isakI chanda saMkhyA 700 hai| pradyamna ke lauTane kI sUcanA nArada se prApta hone para rukmiNI kI utkaMThA kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : 'SaNa SaNa rupiNi car3hai AvAsa, SaNa SaNa so jovai caupAsa / moM so nArada kahyau nirutta, Aja tohiM ghara Avai pUta / 1 / / isa vistRta mahAkAvya meM isa prakAra ke aneka mArmika prasaMga vaNita haiM jinakA kAvyatva kI dRSTi se mahatva hai / isakI bhASA kAvyopayogI marugurjara hai| sadhAru jaina sAhitya ke jAne-mAne lekhaka haiM jinhoMne marugarjara kA uttama prayoga kiyA hai| samadhara-Apane saM01437 se pUrva 'neminAma phAgu' likhA / isameM kula 15 gAthAyeM haiN| yaha 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha' meM prakAzita phAgu hai| isakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1437 kI prApta hai ataH racanA isase kucha pUrva kI hI hogii| kAvyakartA samadhara ke sambandha meM bhI adhika jAnakArI nahIM prApta hai| eka samadhara yA samudra vikhyAt maMtrI maMDaNa ke bhAI the| maMDaNa svayaM uttama kavi the| zAyada samadhara unake bhAI hoM yA anya koI zrAvaka kavi rahe hoN| yaha phAgu dUhA chaMda meM likhita hai| jisakI pratyeka paMkti ke prArambha meM laTakaNiyA~ kI taraha 'are' zabda AyA hai isase yaha lagatA hai ki yaha phAgu gAne ke lie mukhyataH likhA gayA thaa| racanA kA Adi dekhiye1. DaoN0 premasAgara jaina--hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi pR0 36

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 291 'sarasati sAmaNi paNamavi, namavi aMbika hiyai, phAgu chaMdi samudhara bhaNai, nemi cariu nisuNevi / 1 / phAgu ke prArambha meM vasaMta kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai 'are koili sAdu sohAvaNau mori madhura vAsaMti, are bhavarA raNajhaNa ruNukarai, kiri kinnara gaayNtii|1 isI vasaMta krIr3A ke avasara para nemikumAra kI mAM bolI ki kRSNa ne solaha sahasra rAniyoM se vivAha kiyA, kyA tuma eka se bhI nahIM karoge ? usI samaya unakI bhAbhiyA~ bhI ha~sI ur3Ane lagI : 'are arahi Urahi Ahayai ke kaise tANaMti, are kAhauM nemi napusako eka ramaNi na karaMti / ' Age ugrasena kI kanyA rAjImatI kA rUpa-guNa varNana kiyA gayA hai| phira vahI kathA hai, bali pazuoM ko ba~dhA dekhakara nemi ko virakti hotI hai aura ve saMyama svIkAra kara lete haiM / racanA kA anta dekhiye :-- 'are samudharu bhaNai sohAvaNau phAgu khelau savicAra, are nimikumaru matu melhau mukti ramaNidAtAra / 28 / ' prA0 phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita phAgu kI ina antima paMktiyoM se jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 meM uddha ta paMktiyoM meM pAThabheda milatA hai yathA samadhara bhaNai sohAvaNai, phAgu khelau suvicAru, are nisadina na melhau nemi mukti daataaro| bhASA sarasa, pravAhamaya evaM geya hai| yaha phAgu mukhya rUpa se eka geya racanA hai| ___ samayaprabha--Apa kharatara gacchIya kavi the| Apane saM0 1475 ke bAda kisI samaya aitihAsika rAsa 'jinabhadrasUri paTTAbhiSeka rAsa' likhaa| isakI prati khaMDita hone se sampUrNa pATha upalabdha nahIM hai| isameM jinabhadra sUri ke paTTAbhiSeka kI ghaTanA varNita hai / paTTAbhiSeka kI tithi jJAta hai ataH yaha racanA bhI usI ke AsapAsa kI hogI / isakI prArambhika paMktiyAM bhI khaMDita haiN| kavi mAtA khetala devI kA varNana karatA huA likhatA hai : 'vinaya viveka vicAra sAra guNa gaNa sampannI, sohaga lAvanna keli geha vara caMpAvannI / 1. prAcIna phAgusaMgraha pR0 41-42 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR. 481-82

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. 292 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rAsa ke 43veM padya meM kavi kA nAma AyA hai, yathA :'jai suraguru niya buddhihi ANai, tohI prabhu guNa pAra na jANai / saimaprabha gaNi ima kahai o|' isakA antima chaMda isa prakAra hai :'jA drya graha tArA ravi zazihara, tAM naMdau jinabhadrasUri gaNadhara, cauviha saMghaha parivariu / 45 / ' 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanAoM aura racanAkAroM meM isakA ullekha DA0 harIza ne bhI apanI pustaka meM kiyA hai| racanA sAmAnya koTi kI hai kintu aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke lie paThanIya hai| samarA-ApakI racanAoM 'nemicarita rAsa' 'aSTApada stavana' aura aSTamI stavana (64 kar3I) meM se prathama racanA nemicarita rAsa' 'prAcIna phAga saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai| isa phAga kA adhikAMza bhAga rAjUla kI virahokti ke rUpa meM kahA gayA hai| kathA suparicita hone ke kAraNa kevala sUtra rUpa se saMketita kI gaI hai| isI prakAra padmakRta phAga meM bhI 10 kar3I meM vasaMta varNana aura zeSa kevala cAra kar3iyoM meM hI nemi-rAjula kI kathA simaTI huI hai| nemicarita rAsa mAtra 10 kar3I kI racanA hai / isameM viraha varNana ke lie hI pUrA avakAza nahIM milatA hai to kathA ke lie kavi kahAM se avasara nikAla sake / eka virahokti dekhiye, jisameM rAjula caMdA se nemi kA samAcAra pUchatI hai : 'caMdA kahi na saMdezaDau vInataDI avadhAri, zudhi pUcchauM yAdava taNI ta jAisi girinAra / 6 / isakA Adi isa prakAra hai : 'ahe hariNAM hariNAM haravaI kAiM kIU pokAra, toraNi AviU valI gayaU nemi caDiu girinAri / ahe aMga vilUrai ApaNa hari hari nemikUmAra, ahe kaMkaNa phoNai rAyamai, bhoDai navasara hAra / ' kavi kA nAma isa chanda meM AyA hai :-- 'mugati ramaNi yAdavi karI rAjala hui agevaNi / ahe karajoDI samarau bhaNai, namo namo nemikumaar|" 1. zrI mo0 da0 de0 jaina gu0 ka 0 bhAga 3 pR0 1480-81 22. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 51

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maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya 293 isameM viraha kI uktiyA~ marmasparzI haiM / yaha choTI racanA kAvyatva kI dRSTi se bar3I saphala racanA hai / 'nemicaritarAsa' kI antima paMktiyA~ dekhiye : :-- 'aso amAvasa kevala nANa, nemi taNu tu niravAra, rAjamatI su susaI gau, bAbIsaya jaNesara bhau / bhagati rANI rAjala taNau yoga, par3hata bhaNatA nAsai roga | nemi carina sUsA nArI suNai pApa paNAsai samaruu bhaNai |28| ' 'aSTApada stavana' kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se kavi ne kiyA hai :'sarasati amariti vasati mukhi vANI, nAbhi kamali jANI sahanANI, ANI ridaya vicAro / ' sA sAradA samarU sayarANI, jina zAsani siddhAnta varavANI, pANI lokAcAro / ' 'aSTamI stavana' se bhI bhASA bhAva ke udAharaNArthaM kucha paMktiyA~ Age prastuta kI jA rahI haiM --- 'are kevalI kero dAkhIo, bhAkhIo suguru susAdha, bhasauya samaro a tIratha anaratha haNaya virAdha, sudha pUraba kevala bhAkhIo, kevala sadguru dAkhIo, caraNavI samaro kaha na jaNu, paraba tIratha namo jiNANu' | 64 | ' kAvyatva kI dRSTi se ye donoM stavana sAmAnya koTi ke haiM / bhASA sarala mahagurjara hai / sAmAnya zraddhAluoM ke pUjA-pATha kI dRSTi se ina stavanoM kI bhASA bhI janasAmAnya kI bhASA hI rakhI gaI hai / kAvyatva kA uttama nidarzana ApakI prathama racanA 'nemicaritarAsa' meM hI huA hai / jaina sAhitya meM nemicarita hai hI aisA ki 'koI kavi bana jAya sahaja saMbhAvya hai / ' sarvAnanda sUri - sarvAnanda sUri nAma ke do-tIna kaviyoM kA ullekha itihAsa granthoM meM milatA hai / eka sarvAnanda sUri 14vIM zatAbdI meM ho gaye haiM jinakI candraprabhacarita nAmaka apabhraMza racanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 15vIM zatAbdI meM kama se kama do sarvAnandasUri milate haiM eka jagaDU carita ke lekhaka haiM aura dUsare prastuta kRti 'maMgala kalaza cau0 ' ke lekhaka haiN| ho sakatA hai ki ye donoM eka hI vyakti hoM / 'maMgalakalaza cau0' ke 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - ma0 gu0 jai0 kavi pR0 108

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294 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa karttA sarvAnanda sUri ko zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne kriyAgaccha kA vidvAna batAyA hai / kRti meM racanA sambandhI vivaraNa nahIM hai / isakA prathama padya dekhiye : 'sayala maMgala sayala maMgala mUlu muNi nAha / Abugiri Adi jiNa pAya pauma paNamevi bhAviNu / kachaulI mukha maMDaNa pAsanAhu ukhari dhareviNu, vAguvANi suma vayaNale avatarI akSaramAla / maMgalakalaza carita hita bhaNasiu ralia rasAla 1912 caupaI baMdha meM racita isa racanA meM 130 padya haiM / isameM mahAparAkramI rAjA maMgalakalaza kA mahAn caritra citrita hai / isake antima do chaMda isa prakAra haiM : / 'rAjA grahIu tAma subuddhi, ghara ghara bArata lodhI riddhi, chUTai maMgalakalaza uparodhi, deza nIkAliu aNi virodhi / 129 / maMgalakalaza nivesiu rAji, sura suMdara hUu saMjama kAji tAma nisANo balIu thAU, maMgalakalaza mahAbali rAu |130| ' sAdhukIta - Apa bar3A tapagacchIya A0 jinadatta sUri ke ziSya the / Apa 17vIM zatAbdI ke sAhityakAra aura ASAr3habhUti prabandha ke karttA sAdhukIrti se bhinna haiM / ApakI kaI racanAyeM marugurjara bhASA meM likhita prApta haiM jinameM matsyodarakumArarAsa, vikramakumAra rAsa saM0 1499, guNasthAnaka vicAra caupai 46 kar3I, savatthaveli prabandha ( ai0 ) aura kIrti - ratna sUri gItama ullekhanIya haiM / antima racanA 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai / matsyodara kumAra rAsa kA ullekha DaoN0 harIza ne bhI 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanAoM meM kiyA hai / yaha rAsa mukhyatayA caupaI chanda meM likhA gayA hai / isake anta kI do paMktiyAM uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM : 'bar3atapa gaccha zrI jinadatta sUri, tAsa sIsa jaMpai guNabhUri, sAdhukIrti gaNi racIu rAsi bhaNau guNaha tasa pUgai Asa / 157 / ' :-- 'guNasthAnaka vicAra cau0' bhI caupai chanda meM likhI 46 kar3I kI racanA hai / isakA prathama padya prastuta hai cauda guNaThANAM taNa vicAra, mo0 da0 desAI jaina gu. ka. bhAga 1, 'svAmiya jiNavara cauviha bheya, samariya goyama labdhi sameya / saMkhiyaI tuM bolisu sAra |1| pR0 35 aura bhAga 3 pR0 444

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 295 isakA antima padya dekhiye :'guNa ThANAnu aha vicAra, je jAnai te tarai saMsAra, vAcaka sAdhukIrati ima kahai, te nizcaya sAsaya sUkha lahai / 46 / ' 'kItiratnasari gIta' meM kIrti ratna mUri kI kIrti kA bakhAna kiyA gayA hai| isakI antima paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM : 'suhaguru thavaNA par3hai guNai vAMcatA ApaNa vayaNa suNai / kuzala maMgala tasu puNya thuNaiM, zrI sAdhu kIrati pAThaka pabhaNai / 14 / " 'savattha beli prabandha' ke Adi aura anta kA chanda nimnavat hai :Adi 'jiNavara jaga guru jagatau, pahilau praNampAsa, jAsu pasAyau saMpajai, vidhi vidhi save vilAsa / 1 / ' anta 'jo lagi meru mahIdhara nizcala jAMlagi dhra ravicaMda, jAM lagi dIpa save jayavantA sAgara jAma amanda / to lAgi zrI jiNacaMda muNIsara sukhai karau cirarAja, sAdhukIrati gaNi imi payapai pUrau vaMchita kAja / 54 / ' isa prakAra inakI racanAoM ke kucha uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para inakI bhASA aura bhAva-kalpanA zakti kA bhalIbhA~ti anumAna hotA hai| ye uttama koTi ke kavi pratIta hote haiN| sAdhuhaMsa--Apa tapAgacchIya A0 jinazekhara sUri ke praziSya aura jinaratnasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1455 meM 'zAlibhadra rAsa' aura 'gautama pRcchA caupai' nAmaka racanAyeM likhiiN| zAlibhadra rAsa kA prArambha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : 'devi sarasati devi sarasati sakala saMsAra, jasa nAmii kavi jana save badhi atihi sarasa vANIya / vINA pustaka dhAriNIte sAmiNi mana mAMhi ANIya kara jor3I kaviyaNa bhaNai, suharu pAya paNamevi / sAlibhadra dhanA taNAM carIya racela saMSevi / / anta meM racanA isa prakAra diyA gayA hai : 'saMvata caudaha paMcAvani varasi, Aso sudi vijayAnai divasi, jina vacane kari saddavahiu, bhAvii bhagati haiyaDau dhariu / 219 / 1. zrI go0 da0 desAI jai0 kavi bhAga 1 10 34-35, bhAga 3 khaNDa 1 10 442 aura bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pa0 1480-1481 2. de0 aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha 3. mo0 80 desAI, je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 22 aura bhAga 3 pR0 423

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296 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gautama pRcchA caupai kI prArambhika paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM 'praNamI vIra mugatidAtAra, jANauM tu goyama gaNahAra, haiui ANI para upakAra, pUchaI dharmAdharma vicAra / / anta 'gautama sAmi pUchi u jetalau, zrI mahAvIra kahiuM tetalaMUM puNya pApa kIdhA phala hoI, uttama jIva ANa nita hIu / pUcha uttara chai aThatAlIsa cihu AgalI caupai triNi vIsa / bhaNyA guNyAnau ahaja marma, sAdhuhaMsa kahai kIjai nitudharma / ' isameM gautama gaNadhara dvArA pUche gaye prazna aura bha0 mahAvIra dvArA diye gaye uttaroM ko parala aura manoraMjaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| siddhasUri - Apane saM0 1476 meM 'pATaNa caitya paripATI' nAmaka 64 gAthA kI eka racanA nirmita kii| isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'niya guru pAya paNamevi, sarasati sAmiNI mana dhariya / hiyaDai harasa dharevi, goyama gaNahara aNusariya / pabhaNisu caita pravADi aNahilapura taTTaNa taNiya / mujha mana kharIya rahAr3i, diu mati niramala ati ghaNIya / 1 / isakI antima paMktiyAM Age uddhata kI jA rahI haiM :'paTTaNa prasiddha harakhi kiddhI caita pravAr3i suhAmaNi / bhaNatAM guNatAM zravaNi suNatAM, atiha chai raliyAmaNI / pabhaNyA jikei nAma tei, avara je chai te sahI, chihattara varasai, mana harisai. siddha suriMdai kahI / 64 / ' isameM racanAkAla aura lekhaka kA nAma Adi vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai| somakujara-ApakI racanA 'kharataragaccha paTTAvalI' aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha meM prakAzita hai| kharataragaccha kI mahatA kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai 'vakhANiyai giri mAMhi garuau jema meru mahIdharo, maNi mAMhi girugau jema suramaNi jema grahagaNi dinnyro| 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA--ma0 gu0 jaina kabi pR. 83

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 297 jima devadAnava mAMhi garua gajjae amresro| tima sayala gacchaha mAha garuau rAjagaccha survrtro|' isakI antima paMkti isa prakAra hai :-- 'ima bhaNai bhagatihi somakujara jAma caMda diNaMdau / ' somatilakasUri-Apa rudrapallIya gaccha ke saMghatilaka ke ziSya the| inakA dUsarA nAma vidyAtilaka bhI thaa| unhoMne SaTdarzana sUtra TIkA, jayakIti kRta zIlopadeza mAlA para zIlataraMgiNI nAmaka vRtti aura saM0 1424 meM kumArapAla nibandha likhaa| yaha patA nahIM ki yaha prabandha kAvya marugurjara bhASA meM likhA hai yA apabhraMza meM, ataH isakA vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM diyA jA rahA hai / eka dUsare somatilaka sUri ne kSetra samAsa aura navatatva para avacari likhii| 'aMcalamata nirAkaraNa' nAmaka zuddha sAmpradAyika racanA bhI unhIM kI hai| Apa sambhavataH somaprabhasUri ke ziSya the| Apake ziSya jayAnandasUri ne sthUlibhadra carita likhA hai| somasundarasUri-Apa tapAgacchIya jayAnanda sUri ke ziSya the| Apa jaina lekhakoM meM agragaNya haiN| Apane saMskRta, prAkRta aura dezI bhASAoM meM gadya aura padyabaddha aneka racanAyeM likhI haiN| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne 15vIM zatI ke uttarArddha (saM0 1456 se 1500 taka) ko somasundara yuga kahA hai| Apa isa yuga ke yugapuruSa mAne jAte haiN| Apane saM0 1481 meM prAkRta, saMskRta aura gujarAtI kI mizra racanA 'neminAtha navarasa phAgu' likhA / Apane marugurjara meM saM0 1450 meM ArAdhanA rAsa aura saM0 1481 meM sthUlibhadra kavitta likhaa| ___ ApakA janma gujarAta ke prahlAdanapura (pAlanapura) meM sajjana nAmaka zreSThi kI patnI mAlhaNa devI kI kukSi se saM0 1430 meM haA thaa| saM0 1437 meM Apane tapAgacchIya AcArya jayAnanda sUri se dIkSA lI thii| bar3e adhyavasAya pUrvaka Apane vividha zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA aura dharandhara vidvAn ho gaye / saM0 1457 meM devasundarasUri ne pATaNa meM Apako AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| isa avasara para narasiMha seTha ne bar3A utsava kiyA aura Apa tapAgaccha ke 50veM paTTadhara bane / Apa apane samaya ke bar3e prabhAvazAlI AcArya the| ApakI 1. ai0 je0 kAvya saMgraha pa0 43 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 sA0 no itihAsa pR0 462-471

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290 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kIrtikaumudI kA vistRta prakAza 'soma saubhAgya' nAmaka kAvya meM bikharA huA hai| Apane aneka jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA, biMboM kI pratiSThA karAI aura saMghayAtrAoM kA Ayojana kraayaa| Apake ziSyoM kI saMkhyA bhI kAphI bar3I thii| Apane hajAroM dharma granthoM kI pratiyA~ karavAI aura jIrNa pratiyoM kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| isa prakAra Apa 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kI prAyaH sabhI gatividhiyoM ke preraNAsrota the| ataH usa kAla ko somasundara yuga kahanA atyukti nahIM hai / munisundarasUri, jayacandasUri, bhuvanasundara sUri, jinakIrti sUri aura ratnazekhara sUri tathA inake ziSya-praziSyoM ne isa yuga kI dhArmika tathA sAhityika-unnati meM bar3A yogadAna kiyaa| isa yuga meM udayanandi, lakSmIsAgara, zubharatna, jinamaNDana, caritraratna, satyazekhara, hemahaMsa, puNyarAja, vivekasAgara, jJAnakIrti Adi vAcaka, upAdhyAya, paMDita jaisI upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita nAnA granthoM ke uttama lekhaka ho gaye haiN| isa kAla ke kharataragacchIya AcAryoM meM jinabhadra sUri aura jinavarddhana sari bar3e prabhAvazAlI AcArya the| ina logoM ne bhI tatkAlIna dhArmika aura sAhityika vAtAvaraNa ko unnata banAne meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA thaa| isa prakAra yaha yuga samagra rUpa se jainadharma bhI unnati kA yuga thA aura kharataragaccha tathA tapAgaccha ke ina mahAn AcAryoM dvArA dharma kI khUba prabhAvanA ho rahI thii| somasundara kI racanAyeM :-somasundara sUri ne saMskRta meM bhASyatraya caNi, kalyANaka stavana, ratnakoza, navastavI Adi racanAyeM kI haiN| Apane gurjara gadya meM upadezamAlA bAlA0 1485, yogazAstra bA0, SaDAvazyaka bAlA0, ArAdhanA patAkA bAlA0, navatatva bAlA0, SaSThI zataka bAlA0 saM0 1486 meM likhA / isa prakAra Apa marugurjara ke samartha gadyakAra bhI the| marugUrjara bhASA kI mahatvapUrNa kAvya racanA Apane 'neminAtha navarasa phAgu' likhI hai| isakI bhASA kA udAharaNa dekhiye : 'samara vizArada sakala vizArada sArada yA para devI re, gAisu nemi jiNida niraMjana raMjana jagaha namevI re / isakA eka chanda aura prastuta hai : 'dhavala AsAr3hanI AThamI nAThaM mahAmevanArI, nemi jiNesara sivapuri vapuri gayu girinAri / 'ArAdhanA rAsa' kI bhASA kA nizcaya mUlapATha ke abhAva meM nahIM ho pAyA, ataH vivaraNa denA saMbhava nahIM hai| .

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 299 sthUlabhadra kavitta - marugurjara kI racanA hai| isakA eka udAharaNa dekhiye 'Aja sakhI majha saphala vihANauM, nayaNi maliu javanAha, kozA kahai koi vesa apUrava, kariala kamala nivAha / ' bahinI bolivo nAha Agali, kIjai kahi kuNa matI / hAthi daMDa kAMdhi kAMbalar3I UdhaU muhi muhapatI / isa chanda meM Aye mu~hapatI ko lekara yaha prazna uThAyA jAtA hai ki lokAzAha se pUrva mukha para muhapatti zabda kA tAtparya yadi vartamAna sthAnakavAsI sAdhuoM kI mu~hapatti se ho to racanA bAda kI ho sakatI hai, kintu adhikatara vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki hAtha meM lie hone para bhI usakA nAma hapatti hI thA aura ise purAnI racanA ThaharAte haiM kintu yahA~ 'muhi' zabda kA prayoga vicAraNIya hai / isakI antima paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'candra gachi giruA supasA siri somasundara sUri aris kavitta kIMdhaU ati ghaNa ANaMda pUri // 70 // 70 veM chanda ke bAda prati truTita hone se racanA kA vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM prApta hotA / isI kAla ke AsapAsa eka dUsare somasundara sUri bhI ho gaye jinhoMne saM0 1510 meM syAdvAda sambandhI eka racanA mevAr3a ke rANA kumbhA (kumbhakarNa) ke zAsanakAla meM kiyA thaa| ho sakatA hai ki ina dUsare somasundarasUri kI bhI kucha racanAyeM A0 somasundara sUri ke nAma se ginI jAne lagI hoM kyoMki unakA dehAvasAna saM0 1499 meM ho gayA kintu saM0 1502 kI likhI navatatva vAlAvabodha ko unakI racanAoM meM ginA jAtA hai / zAyada isI prakAra anya udAharaNa bhI mila jA~ya, astu / A0 somasundara sUri yuga nirmAtA mahApuruSa, dharmAcArtha aura mahAn sAhityakAra the / somasundara sUri Adi ziSya - ApakI do racanAyeM, neminAtha navabhava stava (34kar3I) aura 'mahAvIra 27 bhava stava' upalabdha haiM / yaha Adi ziSya kauna thA yaha to jJAta nahIM ho sakA kintu dUsarI racanA ke anta meM' 'bhalau zabda ko racanA kA karttA bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / ve paMktiyA~ dekhiye :'guruzrI somasundara sUri puraMdara vasu sevaka kara jor3I doi 'bhalau' bhaNi, jiNa devA bhavi bhavi sevA dejyo amha sevaka bhaNIa |30| 1. mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 29-30, bhAga 3 pR0 439 2. vahI bhAga 1 pR0 441-42

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300 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mahAvIra 27 bhava stava ke prArambha kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM'goyama gaNahara pAya lAgaU karivA kavita zakati hu~mAgu majhakarI pasAu, jayau jiNa bIra akhaya sukhavAsI, satAvIsa bhava hu~ bhaNisu vimAsI, saphala karisu nara jnm'|1| ApakI prathama racanA 'neminAtha navabhava stava' kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'jaya jaya nemi jiNaMda, samRdravijaya rAya kula tilu, tihuyaNa mayaNAnanda mukha jima pUnima caMdalauo / abhinava guru goyama ahava ki sohama siri somasundara pavara, guru siri muNisundara sUri purandara siri jayacanda muNiMdavara guru siri jinakIrati gyArai gaNadhara tAsasIsa ima bhaNai / jo bhavia bhaNesi bhAva suNesi ciMtAmaNi kari tehataNai / zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne bhI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 dvitIya saMskaraNa pR0 48 para yaha anumAna kiyA hai ki 'mahAvIra 27 bhavastava' ke anta meM AyA 'bhalau' zabda racanAkAra kA nAma ho sakatA hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se ye donoM racanAyeM marugurjara kA prakRta rUpa prastuta karatI haiN| kAvyatva kA inameM prazna nahIM uThatA kyoMki prAyaH aisI racanAyeM zUddha dhArmika daSTikoNa se prerita hone ke kAraNa inameM kavi sarasatA aura kAvyatva para vizeSa dhyAna nahIM de paataa| harasevaka-Apane sambhavataH saM0 1413 ? meM 'mayaNa rehA rAsa' likhaa| isameM satI madanarekhA kA caritra citrita kiyA gayA hai| isake anta meM racanA kAla kA ullekha bhinna-bhinna pratiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se kiyA gayA milatA hai, yathA-- gAma kakaDIo ko comAso, saMvata caudo terA maaNyo|| dUsarI prati meM, gAma kekaDI kIno comAso, varasa cavadotarA mAMhi / milatA hai| isalie racanAkAla kA nizcaya nahIM ho paataa| yaha eka vistRta rAsa hai| isakA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pa0 17 2. vahI bhAga 3 50 419

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301 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 'jUA mAMsa dAru taNI, kare vezyAzu joSa, jIva hiMsA corI kare, paranArI no doSa vyasana sAtamu paranArI nu pratyakSa pApa dIkhAyu rAvaNa padamottara maNiratha rAjA tInurAja gamAyu / ' isameM gujarAtI ke sAtha mAravAr3I, rAjasthAnI ke zabda adhika prayukta hue haiN| ise zA bhImasI mANeka ne prakAzita kiyA hai / harikalaza--Apa dharmaghoSa gaccha ke padmAnanda sUri ke ziSya the / Apane 'kurudeza tIrthamAlA strotram', pUrva-dakSiNa deza tIrthamAlA evaM aneka tIrthamAlA stotram jinameM zrI gujarAta soraTha deza tIrthamAlA, vAgar3adeza tIrthamAlA, dillI mevAtI deza caitya paripATI, AdIzvara vInatI aura jIrAvallA vInatI pramukha tIrthamAlAstotra, stava, vInatI Adi haiM, kI racanA kii| ina racanAoM kI bhASA ke namUne Age prastuta kie jA rahe haiM jinase yaha patA calatA hai ki kavi kI bhASA para hindI kA bar3A spaSTa prabhAva thaa| saca to yaha hai ki 15vIM zatAbdI taka hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kAphI milatIjulatI bhASAyeM thI aura lekhaka inake zabdoM kA binA kisI bhedabhAva ke apanI racanA meM prayoga karate the| udAharaNArtha harikalaza kRta 'zrI gujarAta' soraTha deza tIrthamAlA stotram ( 19 gA0 ) kA prArambhika padya dekhiye : 'caubIsa jiNavara paNamavi sundara, hiyai haraSu ANevi ghaNa / sivalacchI dAyaga tihuyaNa nAyaka, tIrathamAlA thuNau jinn| isakA antima padya dekhiye : 'itiya titthamAlA ati rasAlA, puNyazAlA maNaharA, bhAvihiM gamamiya puNya daMsiya jaga prasaMsiya jiNavarA / siri dhamma sUrihiM gaccha bhUrihiM bhatti pUrihiM sundro| harikalasi muNivari bhAvu dhari kari, thuNiya sughari suhkro|19|' isI prakAra vAgar3a deza tIrthamAlA stotram (gAthA 11) kA bhI Adi, anta diyA jA rahA hai :Adi 'jiNa namiya sumaMgala bAgar3a maMDala bhAvihi nimala te thaNauM / arihaMta arAhauM puNya visAhauM, lIjai lAhauM bhava taNau / / 1. mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 17 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma* gurjara jaina kavi pR0 96-99

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302 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa anta 'iya thuNiya jiNiMdA uttarAdesa iMdA, giripura nagaratthA jemayA diTThatitthA / jikivi puNa adiTThA je tiloe gariTThA, vara jiNahara vande tevi bhAveNa vande / ' 11 / jIrAvalA vInatI / gAthA 9 ) kA eka udAharaNa unakI vInatI saMjJaka racanAoM kI pratinidhi ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| racanA kA Adi aura anta isa prakAra hai :'sohaga sundara pAsa jiNesara, jIrAulivara nayara naresara sesa raciyapaya seva / saphala maNoraha meriusAmI, mana Ulari tasu siravara nAmI, pAmI suhasaya heva / anta 'jIrAvali maMDaNa duriya viha uMNa pAsa jiNesara bhatti bhare / binabiuM harikalasihiM navanidhi bilasahiM je praNamaI tuha calaNa pre|' 'AdIzvara vInatI' kI anta kI paMktiyoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki ye dhammasUri vaMzI the| 'iya dharma sUri vaMsihi muNi harikalasihi bina viu jiNabara ikkumaNi, mujha dejyo te diNu bhavi bhavi aNudiNu, sevu tumha payakamala jiNi / ' isa prakAra inakI tIrthamAlA aura vInatI saMjJaka racanAoM ke kucha uddharaNa udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kiye gaye jinase ina racanAoM kI bhASA aura bhAvAtmaka sthiti kA anumAna pAThaka kara skeN| halarAja-Apane mevAr3a ke AghATa nagara ke pArzva jinAlaya meM saM0 1401 meM 'sthUlibhadra phAgu' nAmaka apanI racanA likhii| usa samaya taka striyA~ milakara phAga khelatI thIM aura phAgu kAvya pradhAnatayA gAye jAne ke lie hI likhe jAte the| isa phAgu meM isa tathya kI ora saMketa nimnAMkita paMktiyoM se milatA hai : 'varu taruNI mili diyai, rAsa eka phAgu khelAvaI / tasu aMgaNi nava nidhi ramai saMpati ghari AvaiM / phAgu kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : 'sarasati sAmiNI vInavaU bekara joDebI, thUlabhadra munivara caritra, kahisyaU guNa kevI / naMdarAya pADalIya nayari, tahi rAja karei, tAsu taNai adhikAra, vipra sagaDAla tnnei| 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-maru garjara jai0 kavi pa0 99 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 3 pa0 42-13 __ aura zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'paramparA' pa0 17

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya zakaDAla maMtrI ke putra sthUlibhadra aura pATaliputra kI parama sundarI nagaravadhU kozA kI prasiddha premakathA kA sUtra lekara yaha phAgu likhA gayA hai / phAgu ke anta meM jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra prema-zRGgAra kA paryavasAna zAnta meM dikhAyA gayA hai / bhogI sthUlibhadra kA caritra parama saMyamI yogI aura AtmajJAnI ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gayA hai| racanAkAla kA ullekha kavi ne ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai : 'caudaha sai vikrama samai naukai saMvacchari, vaizAkha sudi terasi ahu phAgu navali kari / medapATa AghATa nayari zrI pAsa prasAdo, kIyauM kavita halarAja bhaNai, amhi maNi aannNdo|' phAgu sarasa kathA kA AdhAra lekara calA hai aura kavi meM kevala upadezaka vatti nahIM hai ataH isameM ramaNIya sthala paryApta milate haiN| kAvya kI dRSTi se bhI racanA avalokanIya hai / hIrAnandasUri-Apa pIpala gacchIya zrI vIraprabhasUri ke ziSya the| Apa rAjasthAna ke uttama kaviyoM meM gine jAte haiM / Apane vastupAla tejapAla rAsa saM0 1484, vidyAvilAsa pavAr3o saM0 1485, dazArNabhadrarAsa, jaMbU svAmI vivAhalo saM0 1495 sAMcaura, kalikAla rAsa saM0 1486 aura sthalibhadra bArahamAsA (28 kar3I) nAmaka racanAyeM marugurjara bhASA meM likhI haiM / vastupAla tejapAla gujarAta ke mahAyazasvI maMtrI baMdhu the| inakA vivaraNa pahale diyA jA cukA hai ataH viSaya vastu kA vistAra na karake kevala bhASA zailI ke namUne ke lie kucha paMktiyA~ yahA~ prastuta kI jA rahI haiM :'vIradIvaha vIradIvaha sUri guru paTTi, sirI vIrappaha sUri vIrabAha sAsaNi prasiddha / pippala gacchahi guNanilu, jagaha mAhi jasa jeNi laddhau / saMvata cauda curAsIiM, ati ANaMda sUri, tAsa pATai vistaga carIi, racyu zrI hiiraannNdsuurii|| isameM racanAkAra kA nAma, guru paramparA aura racanAkAla kA ullekha hai| yaha eka aitihAsika rAsa hai aura tatkAlIna aneka mahatvapUrNa sUcanAyeM isa rAsa dvArA prApta hotI haiN| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 3 pR0 427

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304 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vidyAvilAsa pavADo-pavADA eka vizeSa prakAra kA kAvya rUpa hai| isakA pracAra tathA prayoga rAjasthAna aura gujarAta ke cAraNa kaviyoM ne apane AzrayadAtAoM kI virudAvalI kA vistRta varNana karane ke lie kiyA thaa| isa kAvya vidhA kA prayoga jaina kaviyoM ne muniyoM aura mahApuruSoM kA guNagAna karane ke lie kiyA hai| prastuta pavAr3e kA prathama padya uddha ta kiyA jA rahA hai : 'pahilupaNamIya paTama jiNesara, sittujaya avatAra, hathiNauri zrI zAMti jiNesara ajjati nimikumAra / jIrAuli pUri pAsa jiNesara, sAMcaure vaddhamAna / kAsamIra puri sarasati sAmiNi, diumujhanaI varadAna / 1 / ' anta 'pIpala gacchi gurui guNanilauo, vIradeva sUrihi pATio acala bdhaamnnuo| vIraprabha sUri guru gahagahI, pATi hIrANaMda sUri, saMvata 14 paccAsIho viracIu caria rasAla / ' dazArNabhadra rAsa kA Adi, anta dekhiye :Adi- 'vIra jiNesara payanamIo, samarIya samarIya sarasati devi ki, dasanabhadda guNa gAisyu a, hIulayai haraSa dharevi ki, vIra jiNesara paya namI / 16 anta 'iNipari jiNavara guNa thuNa nAsai kazmala dUri ki, bolai bolai hIrANaMdasUri ki, iNi pari jiNavara jiNavara vaadNtaao| jaMbU svAmInu vIvAhalau saM0 1495 vai0zu08 sAMcaura kA Adi padya : vIra jiNesara paNamIya pAya, gaNahara goyama mani dharI a, samarI sarasati kaviyaNa pAya, vINA pustaka dhAriNi / 1 / anta 'pura sAcura majhAri vIra bhuvaNa raliyAmaNu , saMgha sahita gharabAri, saMvata caUda paMcAzAvai / mana taNai ANaMda vaisAha sudi AThimi a, racIU hIrANaMdi jaMbUa sAmi vivAhalu / 53 / kalikAla rAsa kI racanA saM0 1486 meM huI, isakA racanA kAla isa prakAra hai :1. zrI mo080 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR. 26-27, bhAga 3 pR. 427-429 2. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sahitya 305 pIpala gacchIya surirAu vIrappaha gaNahara tasu payapaMkaja rAjahaMsa hIrANaMda muNivara cauda chiyAsI vararSa / sthUlabhadra bArahamAsA-28 kar3I kI racanA hai| isakI prathama kar3I dekhiye : 'sarasata sAmiNi samario, pAmiya sadguru pasAu ki, gAisu zIyala suhAmaNuM sthUlabhadra munirAu ki / 1 / antima kar3I dekhiye : 'sthUlibhadra kare mAsaga, a je maNe dhari ANaMdaNi, tihAM dhari acala vadhAmaNu a, bole sUri hIrANaMda ki / 28 / Apane rAsa, pavAr3A, vivAhalau, bArahamAsA Adi nAnA kAvyarUpoM meM kaI uttama racanAyeM marugurjara bhASA meM likhakara usakA sAhitya bhAMDAra bharA hai aura sAhitya racanA ke sAtha dharma kI prabhAvanA meM yogadAna kiyA hai / bhASA prayoga aura kAvyatva kI daSTi se bhI ApakA marugUrjara ke kaviyoM meM uttama sthAna hai| ___jJAnakalaza muni-Apane saM0 1415 meM 'zrI jinodaya sUri paTTAbhiSeka rAsa' likhaa| inheM sUripada saM0 1415 meM taruNaprabha sUri ke AcAryatva meM khaMbhAta nagara meM pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| usI paTTAbhiSeka kA varNana isa rAsa meM hai| ataH yaha kAvya bhI saM0 1415 meM likhA gayA hogaa| yaha racanA aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya meM prakAzita hai| rAsakAra ne sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai, tatpazcAt apanI guruparamparA kA varNana karatA huA vaha likhatA hai ki caMdragaccha kI vajazAkhA meM abhayadeva sUri (42veM AcArya) ke bAda sarvazrI jinavallabha, jinadatta, jinapati aura jinezvara sUri Adi 52 AcAryoM ke pazcAt 53veM AcArya jinacandra ke paTTadhara jinodaya sUri 54veM AcArya hue| isake bAda inakA vaMza paricaya diyA gayA hai| tadanusAra ApakA janma saM0 1375 meM mAlhagotrIya rudrapAla kI patnI dhArala devI kI kukSi se pAlhaNapura meM huA thaa| bacapana meM ApakA nAma samarA thaa| ApakA dIkSoparAnta somaprabha aura AcArya pada prApti ke bAda jinodaya sUri nAma pdd'aa| rAsakartA jJAnakalaza unake ziSya the| ai0 gurjara kAvya saMcaya ke sampAdaka muni jinavijaya jI kA kathana hai ki yaha racanA prArambhika marugurjara kA abhyAsa karane vAloM ke lie Ananda dAyaka hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 10 26-27 aura bhAga 3 pR0 427-29

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306 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kavi pATotsava kA varNana karatA huA likhatA hai : 'nAcaI e nayaNavisAla caMdavayaNi mana raMgabhare / navaraMgi e rAsaramaMti khelakheliya suparivare / 20 / pATa para suzobhita AcArya kI chavi kA aMkana kavi ne ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai : 'jima mANasa sari haMsu bhAdrava ghaNu dANesarahu, jima gaha maMDali haMsu cAMdu jema tArAgaNa hu| jima amarAuri indra bhUmaMDali jima ckkdhro| saMghaha mahi muNiMdu tima sohai jiNa udaya guro|' isameM upamA alaMkAra se maMTita madhura bhASA kA svarUpa darzanIya hai / kavi rAsa ke anta meM likhatA haiM : 'suhaguru guNa gAyaMta sayala loya vaMchiya lhe| ramau rAsu iduraMgi jJAnakalaza muni ima kahai / ' rAsa kA maMgalAcaraNa karate hue kavi ne sarasvatI devI aura guru jinodaya sari kA vandana kiyA hai, yathA 'santi karaNa siri saMtinAha payakamala namevI, kasamIraha maMDaNIya devi sarasati sumarevI, jugavara siri jiNa udaya sUri guru guNa gAyesu / pATa mahotsava rAsuraMgi tasu hau~ pabhaNesu / " isa zatAbdI kI bhI aneka aisI racanAyeM upalabdha haiM jinake lekhakoM kA nAma patA ajJAta hai kintu racanAyeM mahatvapUrNa haiM, ataH unameM se kucha pratinidhi racanAoM kA vivaraNa Age prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| ____ ajJAta kavikRta 'bharatezvara cakravartI phAga' yaha racanA 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai aura ise 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA batAyA gayA hai| isameM jainadharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva yA AdinAtha ke do putroM bharata aura bAhubali ke pArasparika vigraha aura bAhubali ke tyAga kA varNana hai| isa viSaya para saM0 1241 meM zAlibhadra ne 'bharata bAhubali rAsa' sambhavataH marugurjara meM sarvaprathama likhA thaa| isa rAsa meM Age kahA gayA hai ki bharata cakravartI rAjA huaa| apane yauvana meM aneka sukhopabhoga ke pazcAt antataH 1. ai0 gurjara kAvya saMcaya pa0 230-232 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jaina gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 10 18

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 307 use bhI bhogoM se virakti huI aura tyAga tathA saMyama parvaka usane siddhi prApta kii| phAga ke prArambha meM vaMdanA karatA haA kavi likhatA hai :'vaMdavi nAbhi nariMda suya risahesara jiNacaMdo, gAisu mAsa vasaMta hui bharahesara nrviNdo|| isake bAda bharata kI rAjadhAnI ayodhyA kA vaibhava tathA antaHpura kI ramaNiyoM kI vasaMta krIr3A kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prathama bhAsa meM prAcIna chandavandha arthAt dohA aura rolA chaMda meM ayodhyA kI zobhA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, yathA :-- 'hama gaya culasI lakkha jakkha khecara jasa kiMkara, hAsa kAsa saMkAsa jAsa jasu gAI kinnara / ' vasaMta varNana kA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai : 'phUliya saba vaNarAya vAya vAyaMtI lahakai, caMpau caMpai avara sIma niya parimala vahakai / isa varNana meM saikar3oM puSpoM kI sUcI ginAI gaI hai| 13vIM kar3I se nayA bhAsa prArambha hotA hai aura vasaMta kI vana-zobhA kA varNana calatA rahatA hai, yathA e rasu banasiri avapariyau raliyAmaNau vasaMto, pekkhivi vilasai cakkavaya nava nava pari punvNto|' cakravartI bharata dvArA niyamapUrvaka jinadharma-pAlana kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai :-- 'avasari so savi suddha buddhi jiNadhamma kareI, avasari khaDo khaliya majjhi jalakeli kre|| avasari paMca payAra bhogavai maNohara, avasara samarai bhAvi devaguru pApa tamohara / isa prakAra niyamapUrvaka jIvana yApana karate hue eka dina zIze meM apanA rUpa dekhakara use vairAgya ho gayA aura tapasyApUrvaka vaha kevalajJAnI huaa| __yadyapi phAga ke sambandha meM vivaraNa nahIM prApta hai kintu phAga meM kavitA kA pUrNa Ananda aura usake mAdhyama se jainadharma kA saMdeza prabhAva. kArI DhaMga se upalabdha hai| 1. prAcIna phAga saMgraha pR0 47 se 49 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jaina gu0 kavi bhAga 3 pR0 421

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308 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ajJAta kavi kRta 'pRthvIcandra guNasAgara rAsa' bhI 15vIM zatAbdI kI acchI racanA hai jisameM suvinItA nagarI ke rAjA arisiMha aura rAnI padmAvatI ke kumAra pRthvIcandra kA caritra citrita hai| rAsa kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai 'siri nemi jiNesara namiya suresara sAra, muni gAyasu giruA sIlarayaNa bhaMDAra / pRthvIcandra bhI anya jaina kathAnAyakoM kI taraha saba prakAra ke sukha bhoga ke pazcAt saMyama dhAraNa karake mukti prApta karatA hai| rAsa kI antima paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM : 'pAra lahInai puhatA zivapuri teha jihu ArAdhauM, mANasi bhava taNau amUlika Aja amheM phala lAdhauM / 51 / sAdhauM kAja havau jagi sArau tArauM appA kAja / praNamauM pRthvIcanda kevalI, guNasAgara rikharAja / 52 / ' guNasamudra sUri ziSya-(nAgila gaccha ke ajJAta kavi) Apane 15vIM zatAbdI meM 'zakuna caupai' nAmaka eka vistRta padyabaddha racanA zakuna zAstra para likhI / isakI chanda saMkhyA 572 hai / nAgendra yA nAgila gacchIya guNasamudrasUri kA pratimAlekha saM0 1492 kA prApta hone se yaha nizcaya hotA hai ki prastuta racanA 15vIM zatAbdI kI hI hai| isa racanA se yaha bhalIbhA~ti pramANita hotA hai ki jainakavi padyoM meM RSi-muni-caritra, vratatIrtha, jinabimba Adi dhArmika viSayoM kA varNana karane ke sAtha hI jyotiSa, zakuna, nIti Adi vividha anyAnya viSayoM para bhI racanA karane meM kuzala the| isakI antima paMktiyAM bhASA aura zailI ke namUne ke rUpa meM Age uddhata kI jA rahI hai : 'devaha guru saMghaha sAnadhi, zakuna zAstranI viracI buddhi, nAgila gacchi giruA guNavaMta, zrI guNasamudra sUri guru jayavaMta / tAsa sIsa lahai buddhi vicArA, bhaNai guNi nisuNai je keU / Agami nirgami bUjhai teuu|' ajJAta kavi kRta akAdaza gaNadhara namaskAra (11 kar3I) tathA ekAdaza gaNadhara stavana nAmaka racanAoM kI bhASA ke namUne ke lie donoM se kucha paktiyAM uddha ta kI jA rahI haiM :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 3 pR0 437 2. vahI pa0 438

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 309 (1) ekAdaza gaNadhara namaskAra kA prathama chaMda prastuta hai : 'gautama gaNahara gautama gaNahara paDhama saMghayaNa, titthaMkara vIra jiNa paDhama sIsa sovrata samANau / prahi uThi praNAmIu satta hattha taNu mANa jANa u, pavara viDottara tApasaha pratibodhau vara taNi / / 'ekAdaza gaNadhara stavana' kA prathama chaMda dekhiye : 'vIra jiNesara paya paNa mevi, gaNadhara kavita karUM saMkhevi / gaNadhara igyArasinaiM kAji, vaddha mAna jinazAsani rAja / ' stavana kI kucha aura paMktiyAM dekhiye : 'iya samaye jatti savvasatti cittamatti vanniyA, vaizAkha sudi igyArasI dini vIranAhaI thApiyA, o sayala gaNahara a igyArasi jearAhaiM bhAviyA, te tavana bhaNasi bhAvi suNasi te lahaI sukha sNpyaa|'' ukta donoM racanAyeM bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se kisI eka hI kavi kI racanAyeM mAlUma hotI hai, bhaktibhAva kI racanAyeM haiM aura inakA kAvya kI apekSA dhArmika mahatva adhika hai| prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM 'puruSottama pAMca pAMDava phAga' bhI ajJAta kavi kI racanA ke rUpa meM prakAzita hai lekina zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne ise vIranandana kI racanA kahA hai| ataH isakA varNana vIranandana kavi ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| isameM ATha bhAsa haiM aura yaha prAcIna phAgu paddhati meM likhA gayA hai| pA~coM pAMDava vivAha ke bAda draupadI ke sAtha hastinApura lauTe, usa samaya nagara khaba sajAyA gyaa| kavi kahatA hai : 'ghari ghari motiya cauka bhariya gaDiya uchalAliya / ghari ghari maMgala kalaza Thaviya vara vaMdura vaaliy| pAMcoM pAMDava varaveza meM saje the, unakA varNana kavi isa prakAra karatA hai : mRgamada mayavaTTa kusumabhAru siri tila usurNgo| nayaNahiM kAjalareha vayaNi taMbola sucNgo| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 10 1486-87 2. vahI 3. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 43 4. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 10 422

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310 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kaMcaNa kuDala hArodara bhaNi mauDa siMgArI, paMcakumara pUNahi gayaMdi dUvvaya vysaarii| anta meM gaMgA jamunA ke madhya kulaparvata para pANDava krIr3Artha gaye aura nArada ke AzIrvacana se rAsa samApta huaa| aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM bhI kucha aisI racanAyeM saMkalita haiM jinake lekhaka kA nAma aura racanAkAla Adi ThIka nahIM mAlUma hai kintu ve 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanAyeM haiM / una racanAoM kA aitihAsika mahatva hai, sAtha hI bhASA ke adhyayanArtha bhI ve mUlyavAna haiM ataH aisI racanAoM ke kucha avataraNa unake mUla pATha se avatarita kie jA rahe haiN| sarvaprathama 'kharatara guru guNa varNana chappaya' se eka chappaya diyA jA rahA hai : isameM 32 chappaya hai kisI prati meM 37 chappaya bhI haiN| prathama chappaya 'so guru suguru ju chaviha jIva appaNa saya jANai, so guru suguru ju saccaruva siddhata vakhANai / so guru suguru jusIla dhamma nimmala paripAlai, so guru suguru ju davva saMga visa sama bhaNi TAlai / so beva suguru jo mUla gaNa, uttara gaNa jaiNA karai / guNavaMta suguru mo matiyaNaha para tArai appaNa tri|1|' isake bAda jiNavallabha se lekara jinabhadrasUri taka ke kharatara gacchIya AcAryoM kA aitihAsika vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jinodayasUri kI pada pratiSThA aura jinacandrasUri ke guNoM kA bar3A kAvyAtmaka aura AlaMkArika varNana kiyA gayA hai, isase rAsa kI nAmAvalI kI zuSkatA kAphI kama ho gayI hai / jinabhadrasUri ko tatkAlIna suguru ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yaha racanA usI samaya kI hogii| jinabhadrasUri kA samaya 15vIM zatI kA uttarArddha hai / jinabhadrasUri kI prazaMsA sambandhI eka chappaya aura diyA jA rahA hai : 'tAma timira ghari pharaiM jAma diNayaru nahi uggai / tAM mayagala mayamatta jAma kesarIya na laggai / tima sayala vAdi niya niya gharihiM tAma gavva pavvai caDhai / jinabhadra suri suhaguru taNIyaM hatha na jAM kannihi paDai / anuprAsa kI chaTA kA Ananda lete hue isake antima chaMda kI kucha paMktiyoM kA rasAsvAdana kiyA jAya :-- 1. ai0 je0 kA 0 saMgraha ( bhAga cAra ) pR0 24

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 311 'durghaTa ghaTanA ghaTita kuTila kapaTAgama sUtkaTa / vAvAhotkaTa karaTi karaTa pATana siMhodbhaTa / / visTapa vAMchita kAmaghaTa vighaDita duSTa ghaTa prakaTa jinabhadra sUri guruvara vikaTa sitapaTa siro mukuTa / ' 'bhAvaprabhasUri gIta'--yaha bhI 'ai0 jaina kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita racanA hai| isameM bhAvaprabhasUri kA varNana hai jo 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM ho gaye haiM ataH racanA 15vIM zatI kI hai| yaha 15 padyoM kI choTI racanA hai| bhASA sarala evaM sAhitya rasa se paripUrNa hai; isakI prArambhika paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM: 'samaravi suhaguru pAya ahe, jasu darasaNi manu ulhasai e| thaNIyai muNivara rAya ahe, kaliyuge jasu mahimA vasai e|1| Apa sAdhvAcAra kA prazaMsanIya DhaMga se pAlana karate the| kavi likhatA hai : 'amiya samANIya vANIya he, navarasa desaNa jo karai / samaya viveka sujANa ahe, samakita rayaNa so mani dhrio| isakI antima paMktiyAM dekhiye :'siri Airiya mukha kAMti diNiyara, bhavika kamala vikaasnno| jayavaMtu zrIya guru bhAvaprabha sUri, jAma sasi gayagaNo / 15 / / ajJAta kavi kRta zrI jinaprabha sUri paramparA gurvAvalI bhI ai0 jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita 14 chaMdoM kI racanA hai jisameM jinaprabhasUri kI guru paramparA aura mahimA bakhAnI gaI hai| isI ke pazcAt dUsarI racanA 'jinaprabhasUri chappaya' hai jisameM unake adbhata karizmoM jaise AkAza se kulaha (TopI) nIce utAranA, vaTavRkSa ko calAnA, zatrujaya vRkSa se dugdha varSA karAnA, jina pratimA se vacana bolavAnA Adi kA varNana hai| yaha gurvAvalI apabhraMza aura urdU saMskRta mizrita vicitra bhASA zailI meM hone ke kAraNa bhASA kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai / ataH vivaraNa ke vistAra kI apekSA nahIM hai| ajJAta kavi kRta 'zrI kItiratnasUri phAgu' bhI isI saMgraha meM prakAzita hai / kIrtiratnasUri saMkhavAla gotrIya zAhakocara ke vaMzaja depA aura unakI 1. ai0 je0 kAvya saMgraha pR.0 28 2. ai* jai0 kAvya saMgraha pR0 43-44

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312 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa patnI devala de ke cAra putroM meM se eka the / inakA janma saM0 1449 meM huA thaa| inake bacapana kA nAma delhA thaa| inakI saM0 1463 meM dIkSA aura 1497 meM AcArya pada para pratiSThA huI / prastuta phAgu yadi Apake AcArya pada sthApanA mahotsava ke avasara para likhA gayA hogA to nizcaya hI 15vIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM likhA gayA hogaa| A0 kItiratna kI mRtyu saM0 1525 meM huI kintu varNanoM ko dekhakara yahI sambhAvanA hai ki yaha inake pATotsava para likhA gayA hai| ataH 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai| isakI prArambhika paMktiyAM prastuta hai : 'khiNi vAjiMtra dhumadhumaie, gayaNAMgaNa gAjai / chala chala chayala kaMsAla tAla mahurA ravi vAjai / prati khaMDita hai ataH prArambha 28veM chanda se huA hai aura anta 36veM chanda para hotA hai; antima chanda isa prakAra hai : 'e risa suhaguru taNau nAma nitu manihi dharIjai / timi timi navanihi sayala siddhi bahu buddhi lahIjai / e phAgu ucharaMgi ramai je mAsa vasaMte, tihi maNinAha pahANa kitti mahiyala pasarante / 36 / isake sAtha zrI kIrtiratnasUri para kaI gIta isa saMgraha meM prakAzita haiM, jaise sAdhukIrti kRta zrI kIrtiratnasUri gItam jo sAdhuratna ke sAtha diyA jA cukA hai / lalitakIrti, sumati raMga, jayakIrti kRta gIta 16vIM zatAbdI kI racanAyeM haiM ataH unheM yathAsthAna diyA jaayegaa| .

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adhyAya : 5 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa vi0 saM0 1501 se vi0 saM0 1600 taka (madhya yuga kA prArambha ) - vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke sAtha hama marugurjara jaina sAhitya ke madhyayuga meM praveza karate haiN| madhyayuga samagra Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM ke sAhitya kA svarNayuga hai / marugurjara sAhityakA madhyayugabhI atyanta sampanna hai| hama cAheM to ise marugurjara kA svarNayuga kaha sakate haiM / prAyaH sabhI vidvAn isa mata se sahamata haiM ki 16vIM zatAbdI se marugurjara jaina sAhitya meM eka nayA mor3a AtA hai aura madhyayuga kA prArambha hotA hai jo vikrama kI 19vIM zatAbdI taka calatA hai| madhyayugIna marugurjara jaina sAhitya kI sAmAnya vizeSatAyeM : 65vIM zatAbdI taka apabhraMza se janabhASAoM kA apane-apane pradeza meM vikAsa prAyaH pUrA ho cukA thA lekina jaina vidvAnoM kI kucha racanAoM meM aba bhI apabhraMza kI jhalaka dikhAI par3atI hai / 16vIM zatAbdI taka AteAte rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASAoM kA svatantra vikAsa parilakSita hone lagatA hai lekina jaina racanAoM kI bhASA meM maru aura gurjara kA prabhAva samAna rUpa se banA rahA / isakA mukhya kAraNa zAyada yaha thA ki ina donoM prAntoM kI sImAyeM hI nahIM balki adhikatara gacchavAla kaviyoM aura sAdhuoM kA sambandha ina donoM prAntoM se bahuta ghaniSTha rahA / sAdhu-sAdhvI ina donoM hI prAntoM meM samAna rUpa se nirantara vihAra karate the aura eka milI. julI bhASA kA prayoga karate the jise donoM prAntoM kI sAmAnya janatA AsAnI se samajha sake / ataH zvetAmbara lekhakoM kI racanA kA mAdhyama madhyayuga meM bhI marugarjara hI rhii| digambara lekhakoM kI bhASA para purAnI hindI kA prabhAva adhika dikhAI par3atA hai kintu unakI racanAyeM kama upalabdha haiN| ataH jaina sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga marugurjara bhASA kA sAhitya hai|

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314 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa __ bhASA sambandhI isa samAnatA ke kAraNa kucha kaThinAI bhI upasthita hotI hai vizeSatayA jaba kisI racanA meM usakA racanAsthAna aura anya vivaraNa kavi nahIM detA / isa ubhayaniSTha bhASA ke kAraNa yaha nizcaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki racanA kisa pradeza meM likhI gaI hai / bhASA ke AdhAra para ve rAjasthAna aura gujarAta kI samAna rUpa se mAlUma par3atI haiM, ataH rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI jaina sAhitya ko sarvathA vibhakta karake prastuta karanA 16vIM zatAbdI meM bhI sambhava nahIM hai| jisa prakAra rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI meM kAphI samAnatA milatI hai usI prakAra hindI aura rAjasthAnI meM bhI kAphI sAdRzya yaa| rAjasthAna ke jayapura, bAgar3apradeza hindIbhASI pradeza se mile jule haiN| ina sthAnoM meM tathA gajarAta meM digambara bhaTrArakoM kI gAdiyA~ thiiN| ina logoM ne jo racanAyeM kI usameM hindI kA prayoga svabhAvataH adhika huA kintu inheM AsAnI se marugarjara ke antargata hI rakhA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara sAdhu aura lekhaka bhI apanI bhramaNazIla pravRtti ke kAraNa prAyaH rAjasthAna, gujarAta, vihAra aura uttara pradeza meM bhramaNa karate rahate the, ataH inakI racanAoM kI bhASA meM ina sthAnoM kI bhASA-bolI svabhAvataH mila jula gaI hai| aisI milI-julI bhASA kA sarvAdhika upayukta nAma marugurjara yA purAnI hindI hI hai| aisI racanAoM ke prabhUta udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| rAjasthAnI aura hindI mizrita marugarjara bhASA zailI kA namUnA mahAkavi jinaharSa kI ina paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai : 'sabhA pUri vikramma, rAi baiTho suvisesii| tiNa avasara AvIyau, eka mAgadha prdesii| kara jor3i eka jaMpai vayaNa, hukuma rAvalo jo lhuN| jinaharSa suNaNa jogI kathA kotigavAlI hU~ kahu~ / (caubolI kathA) isI prakAra hindI gujarAtI mizrita bhASA zailI kA namUnA kavi vIracandra ke vIra vilAsa phAga se Age prastuta hai : 'kanakami kaMkaNa mor3atI, tor3atI miNimihAra / lUcaMtI keza kalApa, vilApa kari anivAra / athavA 'paramesara suprItaDI re kima kIje karatAra, prIta karaMtA rohilI re, mana na rahe khiNa ekatAra re / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA--'rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla paramparA pR0 67 2. DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pa0 109 .

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya manaDAnI bAto jo jyoM re, ju juI dhAto raMga viraMgI re, manahu~ raMga viraMgI / " isI prakAra kucha kaviyoM kI bhASA para vrajabhASA kA prabhAva bhI prakaTa hotA hai vizeSatayA geya padoM meM yaha adhika lakSita hotA hai / bhASA sambandhI sAmAnya vizeSatAyeM - isI samaya se bhASA kA saralI - karaNa prArambha huA / isake lie kucha nizcita upAya bhI kiye gaye / jaina racanAoM meM 'za' aura 'sa' kA prayoga binA vizeSa niyama ke hone lagA / 'sa' kA prayoga prAyaH sarvatra kiyA jAne lagA jaise sobhA, darasana aura sujasa Adi / Agama aura lopa kI pravRtti, saMyukta varNoM ko svaravibhaktiyoM dvArA pRthak karane kI pravRtti, saMyukta varNoM meM se kevala eka varNa ko haTAkara karNakaTu dvitta ke sthAna para sarala evaM zrutimadhura zabda gar3hane kI pravRtti isa kAla kI marugurjara bhASA kI sAmAnya vizeSatAyeM haiM / inake kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM / sarvaprathama saMyukta varNoM ko svara - vibhaktiyoM dvArA pRthak karake AtmA kA Atama, zabda kA sabada, pratyakSa kA paratacha, smaraNa kA sumaraNa jaise zabdoM kA pracalana draSTavya hai / isI prakAra eka varNa haTAkara Rddhi ko ridhi, sthAna ko thAna, sparza ko parasa Adi likhA jAnA ullekhanIya hai / isa kAla kI bhASA para rAjasthAnI - gujarAtI ke alAvA vrajabhASA, khar3I bolI aura kucha kucha urdU phArasI ke prayogoM kA sammilita prabhAva bhI darzanIya hai / kahIM kahIM 're' tathA 'DA-DI' ke prayoga svarUpa apabhraMza kA avaziSTa prabhAva bhI dikhAI par3a jAtA hai / jaise 'Avyo mAsa asAr3ha jhabUke dAminI re / jovai jovai prIyaDA bAra sakomala kAmini re / ' ityAdi anusvAroM kA moha bhI dikhAI par3atA hai, yathA'narendra phaNIndra, surendra adIzaM zatenduM supUjai bharjanAya zIzaM / 315: - isa kAla taka svatantra kriyAoM kA vikAsa vizeSatayA khar3I bolI hindI aura rAjasthAnI meM ho gayA thA / vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga spaSTa rUpa se hone lagA thA / prAkRta se apabhraMza aura apabhraMza se Adhunika dezya bhASAoM taka kucha pravRttiyA~ paramparAnusAra calI AI jaise 'DA' re' Adi kI carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai / isI prakAra karma ko kamma, vidyA ko vijjA, nidrA 1. AnaMdavarddhana bhajana saMgraha dharmAmRta pR0 73

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316 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ko nidda aura durga ko dugga likhane kI pravRtti paramparA pAlana ke Agrahavaza hI hotA rahA / ina thor3e apavAdoM ko chor3akara bhASA svAbhAvika gati se saralIkAraNa ke rAste tejI se cala par3I thii| isa samaya bolacAla kI loka bhASAoM meM sAhitya likhane kA zubhArambha sarvatra dikhAI par3atA hai| musalamAna kavi amIra khusaroM ne dillI kI bolacAla bhI bhASA khar3I bolI aura tatkAlIna pracalita kAvya bhASA vraja meM sAhitya likhakara isa mata kI puSTi kI hai| pUrvottara bhArata meM svAmI rAmAnanda aura santa kabIra, raidAsa Adi, paMjAba meM gurunAnaka, dakSiNa meM jJAnadeva aura nAmadeva tathA baMgAla meM caitanyadeva aura vihAra meM vidyApati, gujarAta meM lokAzAha tathA bundelakhaNDa meM tAraNasvAmI Adi saMtoM aura sAhityakAroM ne lokabhASA meM apanA sAhitya likhakara sAmAnya janatA ko udbodhita kiyaa| jaina kaviyoM ne bhI sAmAnya janatA kI milI-julI bhASA zailI meM sarva sulabha sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| unhoMne kahAvatoM aura muhAvaroM ko apanI kavitA meM yathAsthAna rakhakara bhASA rUpI aMgUThI meM mAnoM nagInA jar3a diyaa| kucha udAharaNa dekhiye 'hna hai mana caMga to kaThautI meM gaMga hai|' yA 'bA~dha mUThI Ayo hai pasAre hAtha jaaybo|' athavA 'likhyA miTaiM nahi leSa', thaki gilai nahi koI' ityAdi prayoga samayasundara, kisanadAsa, jJAnAnanda Adi samartha kaviyoM kI bhASA meM sahaja hI upalabdha haiM / prasAda guNa ke sAtha inakI bhASA meM rAgAtmikA zakti kI bahulatA hai / bhASA ko sajAnesa~vArane meM inakI paTutA ullekhanIya hai / nAda saundarya ke sAtha tuka, yati, gati aura laya kA sukhada saMyojana inake kAvya bhASA kI sAmAnya vizeSatAyeM haiM / dharmavarddhana kI do paMktiyA~ apane kathana ke samarthana meM prastuta kara rahA hU~'dharata dharama maga, harata durita raMga, karata sukRta mati harata marama sii| gahata amala guna, dahata madana bana, rahata nagana tana sahata garama sii|1 aisA lagatA hai ki tatkAlIna hindI ke aneka kaviyoM kI kAvya bhASA se yaha bhASA adhika gatimAna, geya aura madhura hai| hindI ke itihAsa granthoM meM isa prakAra ke kaviyoM kA ullekha apekSita hai| chaMda vidhAna-bhASA ko svAbhAvika laya-pravAha ke lie chanda vidhAna kA bhI mahatva hotA hai / marugurjara jaina kAvya meM varNika evaM mAtrika donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga milatA hai kintu pradhAnatA mAtrika chaMdoM kI hai| 1. dharmavaddhana granthAvalI saM0 agaracanda nAhaTA pR0 2

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 317 dohA, soraThA, kavitta, savaiyA, chappaya Adi chandoM ke sAtha hI ina kaviyoM vibhinna prakAra kI rAga rAginiyoM, desiyoM aura DhAloM kA prayoga karake kAvya meM saMgItAtmaka prabhAva utpanna karane kA stutya prayAsa kiyA hai / saMgIta ke pramukha 6 rAga aura 36 rAginiyoM ke nAnA bhedAnubhedoM ke AdhAra para ina kaviyoM ne apane bhakti pravaNa padoM meM bar3I madhura saMgIta yojanA kI hai / alaMkAra aura pratIka Adi ke upayukta prayogoM se kAvya guNa kA samAveza inakI kavitA meM uttama DhaMga se huA hai / aisI kavitAoM ko korI sAmpradAyika kavitA kahakara inheM sAhitya kI sImA se bAhara rakhane kA prayAsa samApta honA cAhiye / kAvyarUpa - kAvyarUpa kI dRSTi se isa kAla meM carita kAvya, jinheM rAsa aura caupaI kahA gayA hai, adhika likhe gaye / 14vIM - 15vIM zatAbdI taka ke rAsa laghu AkAra ke hote the kintu 16vIM zatAbdI meM inakA AkAra bar3hakara madhyama AkAra kA huA aura 17vIM - 18vIM zatAbdI meM ora bar3hakara inakA AkAra vizAla ho gayA jo khele nahIM jA sakate the / rAsa aura caupai kA prayoga samAnArthaka rUpa meM huA / isa yuga meM prabandha kAvya ( mahApurANa, purANa, carita kAvya aura rAsa Adi), muktaka kAvya ( AdhyAtmika, bhAva pradhAna, zaurya-zRMgAra- nIti pradhAna), rUpakakAvya, kathAkAvya aura lokakAvya Adi nAnA kAvyarUpoM meM jainakAvya pracura mAtrA meM racA gayA / inameM lAvaNyasamaya, hIravijaya, samayasundara, banArasIdAsa, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Anandaghana, yazovijaya aura jinadAsa Adi saikar3oM mahAna sAhityakAroM kI uccakoTi kI racanAyeM haiM jinase koI bhI sAhitya gauravAnvita ho sakatA hai / usa vizAla sAhitya para kAphI AlocanAtmaka evaM zodhaparaka kArya huA hai, jisameM DaoN0 motIlAla menAriyA, DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI, DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, DaoN0 harIza evaM DaoN0 jagadIza prasAda Adi ke kArya ullekhanIya haiM / inake alAvA purAne lekhakoM meM zrI mo0 da0 desAI aura zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA kI prAsaMgikatA barAbara banI huI hai / isa yuga meM dezI rajavAr3oM ne bhI lekhakoM ko protsAhana diyA / ve svayam bhI sAhitya evaM kalAmarmajJa tathA kabhI-kabhI acche racanAkAra hote the / inameM rANAkumbhA, bIkAnera nareza rAyasiMha, anUpasiMha Adi ullekhanIya haiM / marugurjara kI janetara racanAyeM - marugurjara sAhitya ke pradhAna praNetA to jainakavi evaM cAraNa the kintu kucha jainetara kaviyoM kI bhI acchI raca

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318 maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa nAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM jaise narapati nAlha ( jozI brAhmaNa) kRta vIsaladeva rAso atyanta sarala bolacAla kI rAjasthAnI racanA hai / isI prakAra zrIdhara vyAsa kRta raNamalla chaMda vIra rasa kI sundara racanA hai| inakI saptazatI chaMda nAmaka racanA 'maruvANI' meM prakAzita huI thI / padmanAbha kA kAnhaDade prabandha mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika kAvya hai jo rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna se prakAzita hai / vyAsa mAMDA kRta hammIrAyaNa (saM01538) zArdUla rA0 i0 bIkAnera se prakAzita mahatvapUrNa racanA hai / kAvya sAhitya ke atirikta isa yuga meM sabhI jIvanopayogI viSayoM para aneka pustakeM likhI gaI / vinodapUrNa racanAoM meM bhaiMsa kI sevA aura vaMdara rAso tathA hIyAlI, gUr3hA, prahelikA Adi nAnA lokaraMjaka kAvyarUpoM meM bhI pracura sAhitya racA gayA hai / lokasAhitya - marugurjara loka sAhitya ke antargata DholAmAru rAhA, narasI jI ro mAherI, kRSNa rukmiNI ro byAvalo Adi ullekhanIya haiM / jaina muni hamezA hI loka jIvana se sambandhita rahe / ve jahAM gaye vahA~ kI lokabhASA aura lokaruci kA Adara karate hue dharma pradhAna loka-sAhitya kA sRjana karate rahe / ye lokagIta nAnA rAga-rAginiyoM, desiyoM aura DhAloM meM gAye jAte haiM | desAI jI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 ke pariziSTa meM 2450 deziyoM aura DhAloM kI vistRta sUcI dI hai / ye sabhI tarja rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM kabhI kAphI lokapriya rahe haiM / inameM se bahutoM ko Ajakala logoM ne bhulA diyA hai kintu ina racanAoM meM aise bhUle-bisare lokapriya tarja yA dhuna Aja bhI surakSita haiM / isa prakAra jaina kaviyoM ne lokasAhitya ke sRjana aura saMrakSaNa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai / pahale hameM dekhanA hai ki isa sAhitya sRjana ke samaya sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ kaisI thiiN| 16vIM zatAbdI kI rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi - isa zatAbdI ke prathama - dazaka kI sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA saiyada vaMza kA anta aura lodIvaMza kI sthApanA thI / saiyada vaMza kA antima sultAna alAuddIna AlamazAha bar3A Ayogya aura vilAsI thA / usane sArA rAjakAja apane maMtrI hamIda khAM para chor3a diyA thA aura svayam dillI chor3akara badAyU~ meM rahatA thA / hamIda khAM ne maukA pAkara bahalola lodI ko Amantrita kiyA jo senA ke sAtha dillI pahu~cakara nirvirodha, binA kisI raktapAta ke dillI kI gaddI para (saM0 1508) AsIna ho gayA / dillI para lodIvaMza kA zAsana saM0

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 319 1583 taka calatA rahA / bAbara ne antima lodI bAdazAha ibrAhIma lodI ko pAnIpata ke maidAna meM parAjita kara dillI meM mugala zAsana kA prArambha 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM kiyaa| isa prakAra yaha zatAbdI aneka rAjanItika parivartanoM kI zatAbdI rhii| dillI kI kendrIya sattA tIna bAra badalI ataH zAsana vyavasthA asthira thii| musalamAna dhArmika dRSTi se bar3e kaTTara the, adhikatara zAsakoM kI nIti hinduoM ke prati kaThora rahI, kintu jainoM se inake sambandha prAyaH zurU se hI ThIka rahe / alAuddIna ke rAjyakoSa kA adhikArI Thakkara pheru jaina thA aura svayaM jainasAhitya kA acchA lekhaka thaa| bha0 prabhAcandra ko phirojazAha tugalaka ne apane mahala meM bulavAkara sammAnita kiyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki tabhI se uttarabhArata meM vastradhArI bhaTTAraka prathA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| sukavi ratnazekhara sUri kA bhI sultAna ne sammAna kiyA thaa| tugalakoM ke samaya se hI dillI kI kendrIya sattA kamajora par3a gaI thI aura jagaha-jagaha prAntIya zAsaka svAdhIna hone lage the| mAlavA, gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM svatantra rAjya sthApita ho gaye / saM0 1490 meM cittaur3a kI rAjagaddI para rANA kumbhA AsIna hue| inake zAsanakAla meM rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kI tarakkI huii| cittaur3a meM jaina kIrti stambha aura usake nikaTa sthita mahAvIra svAmI ke prAcIna mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA gyaa| rANA kumbhA ke koSAdhyakSa belAka ne bhagavAn zAntinAtha kA mandira bnvaayaa| saM0 1505 meM rANakapura meM bhavya jinAlaya aura AbU meM delavADA jainamandira nirmita hue the| jUnAgar3ha ke rAjA mAMDalika ne (bRhat tapA0) ratnasUri ke paTTAbhiSeka ke avasara para jIvahatyA para roka lagAne kA Adeza jArI karAyA thaa| usI ke rAjyakAla meM saM0 1509 meM zANarAja ne vimalanAtha prAsAda kA nirmANa karAyA jisakI pratiSThA ratnasiMha sUri ne kI thii| ___ isa zatAbdI ke prArambha se hI gujarAta meM muhammada begar3a kA zAsana (saM0 1502 se 1568) thaa| isane jUnAgar3ha aura cAMpAnera ko jItA thA, isIlie begar3a kahalAtA thaa| yaha bar3A atyAcArI thA; hindU prajA para isane bar3A julma kiyaa| isa kAla kA varNana karate hue lAvaNyasamaya ne vimala prabandha (saM0 1568) meM likhA hai ki vaha hinduoM ke gAMva aura mandira ujAr3a detA thA aura hinduoM ke lie sAkSAt kAla thaa| kavi kahatA hai :

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320 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'jihAM jihAM jaNAi hindU nAma tihAM tihAM devA ujAr3ai grAma / hIndunu avatarIu kAla, ju cAli tu kari saMbhAla / " isa viparIta sthiti meM bhI jaina mantriyoM aura zreSThiyoM meM zAsaka ko anukUla rakhane aura jainadharma kI unnati kA prayatna kiyA / mu0 begar3a ke zAsana kAla meM bhayaMkara akAla (saM0 1539 ) jaba par3A to jaina zreSThi khemAhaDAliyA ne apAra dhana kharca karake anna-vastra dAna dvArA prajA ko bhukhamarI se bacAyA / isI samaya se yaha kahAvata prasiddha ho gaI 'eka vANiyoM zAha ane bIje zAha pAtazAha / ' isa akAla kA vivaraNa khemAhaDAliyAno rAsa' meM aMkita hai / yaha rAsa ai0 rAsa saMgraha bhAga 1 meM prakAzita hai / isI prakAra saM0 1582 meM dubArA par3e bhayaMkara dukAla ke samaya jaina osa - vAla maMtrI nagarAja ne sadAvrata cAlU karAyA aura tIna karor3a phirojazAhI sikkA kharca karake bhUkhI janatA ko kAla ke gAla meM samAne se bacA liyA / " sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ -- bhAratIya samAja prAcIna kAla se cAra varNoM meM vibhakta thA / isa kAla meM yaha varNa - Azrama vyavasthA bikhara gaI / varNa dharma meM parivartana prArambha ho gayA thA / jaina dharma kA vizeSa sambandha vaizyoM se thA / unameM bhI vighaTana ho rahA thA / saM0 1512 meM dasA - bIsA kA bhedaH prArambha huA / isI varSa likhe gaye 'kAnhar3a de prabandha' meM likhA hai :- 'vIsA dasA vigati vistarI, eka zrAvakani eka mahesari / gujarAta meM 15vIM zatAbdI se hI vaiSNavadharma kA pracAra bar3hane lagA thA / saM0 1546 meM vallabhAcArya ne vidyAnagara meM aneka dharma-sampradAya ke paMDitoM ko zAstra meM parAjita kara sAre deza kA bhramaNa kiyA aura vaiSNava bhakti kA pracAra kiyA / saM0 1556 meM unhoMne braja meM zrInAtha jI kI mUrti pratiSThita karAI aura puSTi mArga kA pravartana kiyA / gujarAta, rAjasthAna meM bhI vaiSNava bhakti Andolana kA bar3A prabhAva pdd'aa| bahuta se vaizya parivAroM ne vaizya dharma aMgIkAra kiyA aura ve mAhezvarI kahe jAne lage / isa prakAra vaizyoM meM dharma ke AdhAra para zrAvaka aura mAhezvarI kA bheda prArambha huA / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jaina sAhityano itihAsa pR0 512 2. dekho - karmacandra prabandha 3. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 sAhityano itihAsa pR0 496

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21 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 321 isa kAla meM mAlavAdhipati muhammada ke maMtrI mAMDavagar3ha vAsI cAMdA sAha aura saMghapati sUrA Adiprasiddha zreSThiyoM ne kaI pratiSThAyeM karavAI aura saMghayAtrAyeM nikalavAI | gujarAta ke sultAna ke maMtrI prAgvAT vaMzI karmaNa saMghavI ne zatruJjaya kI saMghayAtrA kii| mAMDavagar3ha vAsI mAlavAnareza ke priyapAtra mAphara malika kI upAdhi se vibhUSita meghamaMtrI ne mAMDavagar3ha ke sabhI parivAroM meM eka eka svarNamudrA ke sAtha dasa dasa sera laDDU ba~TavAyA / samarAzAha dvArA sthApita zatruJjaya kI mUrti jise begar3a ke samaya punaH khaMDita kara diyA gayA thA, saMvat 1587 meM karmAzAha ne usakI punarpratiSThA karavAI | karmAzAha prasiddha mahArANA sAMgA ke mitra tolAzAha ke putra the / isa prakAra alAuddIna khilajI ke samaya se lekara rANA sAMgA (mugalavaMza kI sthApanA) aura bahAdura zAha ke samaya taka kramazaH rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM jainoM kA sambandha zAsakoM ke sAtha prAyaH acchA hI rahA / dhArmika sthiti - saM0 1517 meM tapAgacchIya AcArya lakSmI sAgara sUri ko gacchanAyaka pada prApta huA / inake samaya meM somacAritra ne saM0 1541 meM 'guru guNaratnAkara' nAmaka prasiddha kAvya kI racanA kI jisameM tatkAlIna anakoM mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika sUcanAyeM upalabdha haiM / saM0 1522 meM tapAgacchIya AcArya Anandavimala sUri ne dharma kI zithilatA dUra karane ke lie kriyoddhAra kiyA aura 14 varSa taka ugra tapa kiyA / unhoMne apanI tapazcaryA evaM prabhAvazAlI bhASaNazailI se jaina samAja ko saMgaThita evaM suvyavasthita karane kA prayAsa kiyA / isI samaya dhArmika sudhAra kA Andolana lokAzAha aura unake ziSya lakhamasI ne prArambha kiyA / dhArmika sudhAra Andolana - vizva ke itihAsa meM 15vIM aura 16vIM zatAbdiyA~ vaicArika krAnti aura AcAragata pavitratA kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN| yUropa meM popavAda ke viruddha mArTina lUthara ne krAnti kA vigula bjaayaa| bhArata meM bhI kaI dharma sudhAra sambandhI Andolana isI samaya prArambha hue| paMjAba meM gurunAnaka, madhyadeza meM saMta kabIra, dakSiNa meM nAmadeva Adi ne dhArmika ADambara, bAhyAcAra, jar3apUjA Adi ke viruddha AvAja bulanda kiyA aura janamAnasa ko zuddha, sAtvika tathA Antarika dharma sAdhanA kI ora prerita kiyaa| isI kar3I meM mahAn krAntikArI lokAzAha ne jainadharma meM pracalita rUr3hivAda aura jar3atA ke viruddha yuddha cher3A / sAdhvAcAra kI maryAdA aura saMyama kI kaThoratA para bala dete hue guNa pUjA kI

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322 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pratiSThA kA Andolana claayaa| lokAzAha dvArA kie gaye prayatnoM ke phalasvarUpa hI sthAnakavAsI paramparA kA udbhava aura vikAsa huaa| lokazAha aura sthAnakavAsI paramparA-sAmAnyatayA lokAzAha kA janma saM0 1472 kArtika pUrNimA ko arahaTavAr3A meM honA mAnA jAtA hai| inake pitA kA nAma hemA bhAI aura mAtA kA nAma gaMgA bAI thaa| ye ahamadAbAda meM ratnoM kA vyavasAya karate the| inakI kAryakuzalatA aura vivekazIlatA se prabhAvita hokara tatkAlIna gujarAta ke zAhamUhammada ne inheM apanA khajAncI banA liyA thA, kintu ve prArambha se hI cintanazIla, kAntikArI tatvazodhaka pravRtti ke mahApuruSa the| unhoMne zAstroM kA gahana adhyayana kiyaa| AgamoM meM varNita AcaraNa kA tatkAlIna jaina samAja meM abhAva dekhakara inheM bar3A kaSTa hotA thaa| inhoMne tapa, tyAga, saMyama aura sAdhanA dvArA Atmazuddhi ke zAzvata satya ko udghoSita karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA aura apanI vicAra dhArA kA khalakara pracAra prArambha kiyaa| inake upadeza se prabhAvita hokara lakhamasI, bhANajI Adi ne inakI ziSyatA svIkAra kI aura sabane milakara dharma jagat meM eka navIna krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| ina logoM ne saM0 1530 ke AsapAsa mUrtipUjA aura dharma ke nAma para calane vAle ADambaroM kA joradAra virodha prArambha kiyaa| ina sudhArakoM ne kaI kriyAoM jaise pauSadha, pratikramaNaAdiko amAnya kara diyaa| jinamUrti pUjA ko nirarthaka ghoSita kiyaa| svayama lokAzAha ne dIkSA bhI nahIM lI aura ve tathA unake anuyAyI RSi kahe jAne lge| dhIre dhIre kaI kAraNoM se zvetAmbaroM meM inakI saMkhyA bar3hatI gii| musalamAna bAdazAha phiroja zAha aura gujarAta kA 'begaDa' to mUrtiyA~ tor3a hI rahe the| ina logoM ne unakI pUjA ko jaba vyartha ThaharAyA to purAtana paMthI bar3e baukhalAye aura eka bAra thor3e samaya ke lie jaina samAja meM halacala maca gii| mUrtipUjaka inheM mUrtipUjA kA tiraskAra karane ke kAraNa 'lumpaka' kahane lage jabaki ye loga apane ko 'DhUDhiyA' kahate the / saM0 1570 meM rUpa jI RSi ne isI lokA, lumpaka yA duDhiyA meM se sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kA prArambha kiyaa| isI samaya kaDuvA dvArA pravartita 'kar3avAmata', pArzvacandra dvArA pArzva gaccha Adi mata-matAntara bhI lokAzAhI kI dekhAdekhI aaye| dharma ke antargata bavAda kA samaya aayaa| khaNDana-maNDana kA vAtAvaraNa garma huA, para dhIre-dhIre saba zAnta ho gyaa| isI dUr3hiyA mata se vAisa TolA

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323 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya yA sthAnakavAsI sampradAya vikasita hue jinameM aneka ucca koTi ke RSi, sAdhaka aura lekhaka-vidvAn Adi hue haiN| .. ___ lokAgaccha kI tIna prasiddha zAkhAyeM -nAgaurI, gujarAtI aura uttarAdhI kahI jAtI haiN| uttarAdhI zAkhA ke kaI kavi paMjAba meM ho gaye haiN| inameM se megha kavi kRta megha vinoda prasiddha racanA hai| nAgorI gaccha ke zAstra-bhaNDAra sujAnagar3ha se bhI racanAyeM prApta ho sakatI haiN| vyApAra vyavasAya kI daSTi se baMgAla vizeSatayA kalakattA meM base osavAla zrAvaka tathA bhramaNazIla lokAgacchI yatiyoM ke caumAsA nivAsa Adi ke kAraNa baMgAla (kalakattA, ajImagaMja Adi sthAnoM) meM bhI jaina sAhitya kI prApti saMbhava hai| ina sthAnoM para khoja karane kI AvazyakatA hai| terahapaMthI yA terApaMthI sampradAya saM0 1817 meM AcArya bhikSu yA bhIkhAjI ne claayaa| svAmI dayAnanda ke AryasamAja ke samAna yaha bhI sudhAravAdI samAja hai| inakI tIna vizeSatAyeM haiM (1) eka AcArya, (2) samAna AcAra aura (3) samAna vicaar| isameM pahale kevala 6 sAdhu the| inakA vizeSa jora saMkhyA para nahIM balki zuddhi para hai| Aja to inakI bhI saMkhyA hajAroM ho gaI hai| yaha prabhu kA paMtha hai ataH ise terApaMtha kahate haiM / ye loga kevala 32 AgamoM ko pramANa mAnate haiN| terApaMtha ke 9veM AcArya tulasI ne saM0 2005 meM saradAranagara se aNubrata Andolana calAyA jo saMyama kI nyUnatama sAdhanA kA Andolana hai| isa prakAra yaha zatAbdI dharma meM krAnti aura aneka mata sampradAyoM ke pravartana tathA sudhAra kI zatAbdI hai| isa zatAbdI meM aneka sudhAravAdI Andolana rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura hindI pradeza kI janatA ke janamAnasa ko Andolita kara rahe the / lokAgaccha aura sthAnakavAsI paramparA kA jaina dharma aura samAja para bar3A prabhAva par3A aura isa paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne marugurjara jaina sAhitya ke vikAsa meM baDA yogadAna kiyA hai / isameM zatAdhika kavi aura zAstrajJa ho gaye haiM / sthAnakavAsI paramparA kI mukhya bAIsa zAkhAyeM hone se yaha 'vAisa TolA' ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| ___sAhityika gatividhi-gujarAtI sAhitya ke Adyakavi narasI mehatA saM0 1512-saM01537 kA AvirbhAva isa zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kI eka mahatvapUrNa sAhityika ghaTanA hai| Adyakavi kI padvI unheM kyoM prApta huI isa vivAda meM jAne kA yahA~ avasara nahIM hai kintu do bAteM isa sandarbha meM avazya kahanI haiM / eka to yaha ki inakI racanAoM kI mUlabhASA se vartamAna meM chapI pustakoM kI bhASA kA milAna karane para unameM bar3A antara dikhAI par3atA hai

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324 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aura inakI bhASA ke mUlarUpa kA nirdhAraNa bar3A kaThina ho gayA hai| ataH bhASA kA nirNaya na ho sakane ke kAraNa unheM gujarAtI kA Adyakavi mAnane ke mArga meM bar3I bAdhA khar3I hotI hai / dUsare aneka gaina kaviyoM kI prAmANika racanAyeM inase pUrva kI prApta ho cukI haiM jinakI surakSita pratiyoM meM unakI mUlabhASA Aja bhI avikala rUpa meM prApta hai| inake AdhAra para zrI kezava lAla dhruva aura maNibhAI namubhAI dvivedI prabhRti vidvAn jaina sAhityakAroM kI racanAoM ko narasI mehatA kI racanAoM se adhika prAcIna evaM prAmANika mAnate haiN| ve loga jayazekhara kRta prabodha cintAmaNi ko gujarAtI kA sabase prAcIna grantha mAnate haiM / yaha to nirvivAda hai ki narasI mehatA aura mIrAbAI kI racanAoM meM bar3A hera-phera ho gayA hai| bhAlaNa, kezava, bhIma Adi bhI isa kAla meM prasiddha jainetara marugurjara ke kavi hue haiM jinake kAraNa Adyakavi kA nirdhAraNa naye sire se apekSita hai| isa zatAbdI meM aneka mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM kI giiN| saM0 1502 meM nemicandra bhaMDArI kRta SaSTizataka para taporatna guNaratna ne TIkA likhii| saM0 1503 meM somadharmagaNi ne upadeza saptatikA nAmaka graMtha likhA jisameM aneka tIrthoM aura aitihAsika vyaktiyoM ke saMdarbha haiM / saM. 1504 meM ratnazekhara sUri ke ziSya somadeva ne kathAmahodadhi nAmaka vistRta kathA grantha gadya-padya meM likhaa| cAritravarddhana ne kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza para zizuhitaiSiNI nAmaka TIkA likhii| isa prakAra saMskRta, prAkRta meM aneka granthoM para TIkAyeM likhI gaI, kucha maulika racanAyeM bhI kI gii| apabhraMza meM ratnamandira kRta upadeza taraMgiNI, yazaHkIrti kRta candappahacaritra, siMhasena urpha raighu kRta mahesara caritra, zrIpAla caritra Adi isa kAla kI aneka mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| jaya mitra hala kRta zreNika caritra, devanandi muni kRta rohiNIvidhAna kathA, ajJAta kavi kRta sugandha dahamI kahA ke atirikta 16 zatAbdI kI tamAma mahatvapUrNa jAnakArI ke lie Avazyaka pustaka somacaritra kRta guruguNa ratnAkara (saM0 1541), jisa kI pahale carcA kI gaI hai, isa zatAbdI kI mahatvapUrNa kRtiyA~ haiN| isa kAlAvadhi meM aneka kaviyoM ne marugurjara meM uccakoTi kA vizAla sAhitya sRjita kiyaa| inameM se lAvaSyasamaya Adi kaI bar3e mahatvapUrNa kavi ho gaye haiM jinhoMne na kevala vizAla sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA apitu apane prabhAva dvArA marugurjara sAhitya ko naI dizA dI / ina kaviyoM kA vivaraNa yathAsaMbhava Age prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai|

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya __ 325 325 16vIM zatAbdI ke kaviyoM kA vivaraNa anantahaMsa -Apa tapAgacchIya jinamANikya gaNi ke ziSya the| jinamANikya ne prAkRta meM kUrmAputra caritra aura saMskRta meM dazadRSTAnta caritra (saM01571) tathA apabhraMza meM 'aSTAhnikA caritra' likhA thA / daza dRSTAnta caritra ke anta meM lekhaka ne apanI guruparamparA kA ullekha kiyA hai| tadanusAra Apa ratnazekhara, lakSmIsAgara, hemavimala ke ziSya (jinamANika) the| zrI desAI ne anantahaMsa kI tIna racanAoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai (1) bAravrata saMjjhAya (2) ilA prakAra caitya paripATI (3) zatrujaya caitya pripaattii| sarvaprathama zatrujaya caitya kA vivaraNa prastuta hai / zatrujaya caitya paripATI eka aitihAsika kRti hai| isameM 34 kar3I haiM, isameM prasiddha jainatIrtha zatrujaya caitya kA stavana aura varNana kiyA gayA hai| kavi prArambha meM sarasvatI kI vaMdanA karatA huA kahatA hai : 'sArada sAra dayA karI diu avirala vANI, prAmI svAmI vInavaU maNa taNa eka ANI / ahaji akaji Upajai UlaTa majha hIyaI, kahIi setrujaya pAya pUjavo jaaiiii|1|'1 isameM kavi apanI guru paramparA ke sambandha meM likhatA hai, yathA : 'siri lacchisAyara paTTadiNayara sumatisAdhu surIsaro, tasa paTTi zrIguru hemavimala vijAyamani suhNkro| gururAja jinamANikya sIsa zrI anantahaMsa muNIsaro, setruJja maMDana deU bhavibhavi bodhibIja jinnesro|' 'ilA caitya paripATI' meM iDara sthita caitya kA stavana hai / isa racanA kA namUnA dekhane ke lie isakI cAra paMktiyA~ prastuta hai : 'tava gacchi diNapara lacchi sAyara sumati sAdhu surIsaro, zrI hemavimala muNIndra jinamANika guNamaNi saayro| saMthavio zrI guru anantahaMsa sIsa lesi jiNavaro, zrIsaMgha cauvia sukha bahuviha Rddhisiddhi suhNkro|'46|' 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1 pR0 120, bhAga 3 50 556 aura pR0 1492 2. vahI 3. vahI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 120

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326 maru gurjara jana sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bArabatasaMjjhAya kI bhI do paMktiyA~ udAharaNArtha uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM--- 'zrI hemavimala sUri taNai pasAi lahI karI kIdhu saMjhAya, zrI anantahaMsa sIsa ima kahaI, je bhaNe siddhAnta sarvasiddhi lhii|'' inakI bhASA tathA 15vIM zatAbdI ke kisI marugurjara kavi kI bhASA meM koI vizeSa antara DhUr3ha pAnA kaThina hai| janabhASAyeM apane-apane pradeza meM badala rahI thI kintu jaina kaviyoM ne eka sammilita bhASA zailI meM kavitA kI paramparA barAbara cAlU rakhI, isIlie gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya marugurjara meM likhA jAtA rhaa| ina racanAoM kA viSaya stavana hai ataH zraddhA kA sanniveza svAbhAvika hai kintu kAvyatva kI ora kavi kA vizeSa dhyAna nahIM hai| bhAvaharSI zAkhA meM bhI eka anya anantahaMsa ho gaye haiM jinakI carcA yathAsthAna kI jaayegii| anantahaMsa ke ajJAta ziSya ne 11 gaNadharastavana' likhA jisakI bhASA zailI kA udAharaNa bhI yahI de diyA jA rahA hai / isake Adi kI paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'vIra jiNesara paya paNamevi, gaNadhara kavitakarU saMkhevi, gaNadhara agyAra sanai kAji, varddhamAna jinazAsana rAji / " isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'Iya samaya jutti savvasatti cittabhatti vanniyA, vaizAkha sudi gyArasI dini vIranAhi thApIyA / o sayala gaNahara o agyArasi jo agyAraha bhAvIyA, zrI anantahaMsa sIsa ima kahi te lahai sukhasaMpayA / isa ziSya kI bhASA meM dvitta kI pravRtti aura apabhraMza kAvya bhASA kI rUr3hi ke nirvAha kA Agraha adhika dikhAI par3atA hai| yaha bhI eka stavana hai / isameM jainadharma ke 11 gaNadharoM kI stuti-vaMdanA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra kA pUjA-pATha sambandhI sAhitya nizcaya hI sAmpradAyika hotA hai aura inameM sAhitya ke zAzvata tatvoM kI khoja karanA bekAra hotA hai| 1. desAI, jaina gu0 kavi bhAga 1 pR0 120 2. desAI, jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 557

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 327 amIpAla (zrAvaka)-Apa zrI zivasundara gaNi ke zrAvaka bhakta the / Apane dAna ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karane ke lie mahipAla rAsa kI racanA kI hai| isameM rAjA mahIpAla ke caritra ke mAdhyama se dAna kA mahatva darzita kiyA gayA hai| yaha caupai kathA rAsabaMdha meM likhI gaI hai| rAsa ke anta meM racanA kAla kA nirdeza kavi ne kiyA hai, yathA :--- 'panara bahutiri azvini mAsa zukla pakSa paMcami ulhAsa guruvAre kIdhucarI amIpAla mani Ananda dharI / 1093 / '' isa rAsa kI padya saMkhyA 1093 hai, yaha eka vistRta rAsa hai| aura yaha sUcita karatA hai ki dhIre-dhIre isa zatAbdI se rAsoM kA AkAra bar3hane lagA thaa| rAsa ke prathama chada meM jina vaMdanA hai, yathA : 'sakala manoratha pUraNo vaMchita phala dAtAra, nAbhirAya kuli maMDaNo zetruja giri saNagAra / ' risaha jiNesara sAradA, praNamI kavita karesi, mahIpAla kSatriya taNu, suNatA Tale kalesU / 5 / ' isakI prati saM0 1629 meM zrI devaratnasUri ke cAturmAsa ke avasara para somajI RSi dvArA haMsalakSmI ke vAcanArtha likhI gii| ___ AgamamANikya-jinahasa gaNi ke ziSya the| inhoMne apane guru kI saMyama sAdhanA aura kAmavijaya para eka phAgu 'jinahaMsa guru navaraMga phAgu' nAma se likhA / zrI jinahaMsa tapAgacchIya lakSmIsAgara sUri ke ziSya the jo 15vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ke eka prasiddha jainAcArya the| lakSmIsAgara sUri prasiddha tapAgacchIya AcArya aura vizruta sAhityakAra somasundarasUri ke ziSya the| somasundarasUri ke eka anya ziSya ratnazekharasari ne saM0 1516 meM 'AcArya pradIpa' nAmaka grantha ke lekhana-zodhana meM jinahaMsa gaNi kI sahAyatA kI thii| ina tathyoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha ThaharatA hai| prastuta phAgu meM prasaMgataH vasaMta varNana, viraha varNana, kAmadeva parAjaya Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / kAmadeva vasaMta kI senA sajA kara jinahaMsa kA saMyama tor3ane calA / ramaNiyA~ nRtya gAna karane lagI, isakA varNana kavi ne isa prakAra kiyA hai :1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 1 pR0 570 2. vahI

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328 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'lahakaI joi gamagamaNIya ramaNIya rAsa ramaMti, jali jaIkari karI kamali, ramalinI khaMti pUraMtI / 17 / ' Age viraha varNana karatA haA kavi likhatA hai : 'pUnima rayaNi nizAkara, syA karaIvirahi saMtApa / malayAnila mA~ma mA harI mAM harI kari tU pApa / 19 / ' saba jora lagAkara kAma antataH svayam parAsta ho gayA aura guru ko jayazrI prApta huI, yathA : 'zrI lakSmIsAgara sari sIsa lavadhiI goyama sarIsa, guri jayazrI varIe, jinahari zrI varIe / 26 / ' kula 27 chaMdoM kA yaha phAga kAvyatva kI dRSTi se sAmAnya hai| ANaMda ---Apa tapAgacchIya A0 hemavimalasUri, sAdhuvijaya, kamala sAdhu ke ziSya the / ApakI racanA '24 jinastavana' kA samaya saM0 1562 hai jaisA ki nimna paMktiyoM se spaSTa hai : 'idu vANa rasa nayaNa pramANa, o saMvatsara saMkhyA jANa / tapagaccha gayaNa vibhAsaNa bhANa zrI hemavimalasUri jugaha pradhANa / 28 / pUjya ziromaNi paMDita rAya sAdhuvijaya giruA gururAya, kamalasAdhu jayavaMta muNida, tAsa ziSya maNi ANaMda / 29 / '3 zrI desAI ne isakA racanAkAla 1561 likhakara praznavAcaka cihna lagA diyA hai aura likhA hai ki yaha racanA kharataragacchIya mahimAsAgara ke ziSya Anandavardhana kI caubIsI kA prathama stavana hai| yadi yaha kathana satya ho to yaha racanA 18vIM zatAbdI kI honI caahiye| Anandapramoda -Apa tapAgacchIya caraNapramoda ke praziSya aura harSa pramoda ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1591 meM 'zAntijina vivAha prabandha' likhA jo eka prakAra kA vivAhalo hai| isameM zAntinAtha kA saMyamazrI se vivAha kA rUpaka bA~dhA gayA hai ataH ise 'zAntinAtha vivAhalu' bhI kahA jAtA hai / isake prArambha meM sarasvatI kI vandanA hai, yathA : 'sarasati sAmiNI haMsalA gAmiNI, majha mani eka umAhala / dhavala prabandhihiM vAra bhavaMtara sundara zAnti vivAhalu / ' 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 80-81 2. vahI 3. desAI -jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 107, bhAga 3 1491-92 4. vahI

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329 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 49veM aura 50veM chanda meM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA isa prakAra batAI hai :- zrI ANaMda vimalasUri, zrI saubhAgya harSa sUri, dIpaI doi jisiyA caMda suur|| ciraM zrIcaraNa pramoda guru, haraSa pramoda re, bhaNai ANaMda pramoda raMgii / 50 / ' bhASA meM pravAha aura laya hai, namUne ke rUpa meM yaha chanda draSTavya hai :'raciU saMti vivAhala, dharI umAhalu, tutu tribhuvana keru nAhalu re| bhavabhaya bhaMjaNu dAlidra gaMjaNa, vIra mevADau maMDaNa re / ApakI dUsarI racanA 'jinapAla jina rakSita rAsa' meM 69 kar3I haiN| isakI pratilipi saM0 1626 kI prApta hai ataH racanA avazya 16vIM zatAbdI kI hogii| yaha bhI prathama racanA ke AsapAsa 16vIM ke antima dazaka meM kisI samaya likhI gaI hogii| isake prArambha kI kar3I isa prakAra hai : 'sarasati majha mati dIU dhaNI), guNa thuNa he sakhI goyama svaamii| nA~mi caMpA sohAmaNI), mAkaMdI hema khAda re| gAyo jinapAla jina rakSitAMma siUo, dUDhA he sakhI aMga majhAri, dhavala vaMdhihi tasa gAizu / antima do kar3iyoM meM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA kA isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai :-- 'caraNa pramoda sAma puru saMgha jagIsa, harasa pramoda dIsaI, __ navanidhi sukha vilsi| ANaMda pramoda bolai, ciMtAmaNi tolai, jo bhaNai bhAvi bholai, milai saMpada Tolai / 69 / ' ina racanAoM kI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai| kAvyatva sAmAnya koTi kA hai| ___ Ananda muni--Apa osaMvaMzI hai| ApakI racanA 'dharmalakSmI mahattarA bhAsa' aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya meM prakAzita hai| bhAsa se jJAta hotA hai ki ratnasiMhasUri ne ratnAkara gaccha kI sthApanA kI thI, unake ziSya udayavallabha sUri aura jJAnasAgara sUri hue| usa samaya khaMbhAta meM 1. zrI desAI -jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 602 2. vahI pR0 603 3. vahI pR0 604

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330 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saM0 osavaMzI sonIsiMha (sIhu, sIhaga ) rahate the| unakI putrI mela yA melAI kA janma ramAdevI kI kukSi se huA thA / jaba vaha sAta sAla kI thI to 0 1491 meM ratnasiMha sUri ne use dIkSita karake usakA nAma dharmalakSmI rakhA / saM0 1501 meM ratnacUlA mahattarA ke pATa para dharmalakSmI mahattarA bniiN| usI se sambandhita yaha bhAsa kavi ne likhA hai / isake prArambha kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM --- sakala sadA phala vimala giri, jiNa cauvIsa praNAma / kari kavitu sohAmaNU a, gaccha ratanAgara nAma / rAsa ke anta meM racanAkAla isa prakAra diyA gayA hai| 'jANatI a guru upagAra, zrI dharmalakSmI muhattarA a, maMDabU a nagara pravesi, saMvata panara satotarai a / zrI muhattaru a bhAsa karesi, osavaMsi ANaMda muni / X X X zrI dharmalakSmI muhattarA, avicala jAMsasi bhANa, anisa aha guNa gAItAM riddhi vRddhi kalyANa | " Ananda meru - pIpala gaccha ke guNaratnasUri Apake guru the / 'kalpasUtra AkhyAna' aura 'kAlaka sUri bhAsa' (saM0 1513 ) ApakI upalabdha racanAyeM haiM / kalpasUtra AkhyAna ke prArambha kI kucha paMktiyA~ sarala bhASA ke udAharaNasvarUpa Age prastuta haiM : 'sakala zAsana devI dhyAii o, kIjai a sakhI kavita rasAla, vIra jiNaMda guNa gAii a, sAMbhalu a sakhI kalpa vicAra, jasa guNa pAra na pAmIi a, pAvaha a sakhI karai viNAsa / aka manAM jeu sAMbhalai o, navanidhi a sakhI taNau nivAsa / sAra siddhAnta vakhANIi o / " " isake 6 AkhyAna chaha DhAloM meM likhe gaye haiM / ye chahoM AkhyAna mahAvIra se sambandhita haiM / sAtaveM meM pArzvanAtha neminAtha kalyANaka aura AThaveM meM AdinAtha paMcakalyANaka hai / ye sabhI bhinna-bhinna rAgoM aura 1. aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya - pR0 220 aura de0 - jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 1 pa0 45 8 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA 'paramparA' pR0 59 aura desAI - je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 459

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maru-gurjara jana sAhitya 331 geya DhAloM meM likhe gaye haiN| nauvA~ 'kAlikasUri bhAsa' hai / inameM tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka garbhAdhAna, svapna, janma, Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| guNaratnasUri kA samaya saM0 1513 ke AsapAsa nizcita hai ataH yaha racanA bhI usI samaya kI hogii| inakI bhASA prasAdaguNasampanna, bolacAla kI marugurjara bhASA hai| viSaya vastu zIrSaka se hI spaSTa hai| ina dhArmika AkhyAnoM meM sAhityika saundarya kA sanniveza saMbhava nahIM hai / kAlika sUri bhAsa kI carcA alaga se itihAsakAroM ne kI hai para mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yaha racanA bhI kalpasUtra AkhyAna kA hI eka aMga hai| AsAyata (asAita)--ApakI racanA 'haMsavatsakathA caupaI' ('haMsarAja vatsarAja cau0') kI saM0 1513 kI hastalikhita prati viveka vijaya bhaMDAra, udayapura se prApta huI hai / ataH yaha racanA avazya saM0 1513 se pUrva kI hI hogii| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne ise 15vIM aura 16vIM zatAbdI kI racanA batAyA hai|' anizcita racanA tithi ke kAraNa ise 16vIM zatAbdI ke sAtha rakhA gayA hai kyoMki 15vIM anumAnAzrita hai aura 16vIM pramANita hai| isa kRti ke cAra khaMDa haiN| pratyeka khaMDa kI antima kar3I meM lekhaka kA nAma 'asAita' AyA hai, yathA : 'guru caraNa tIi citavI, kavijana paya paNamesi, AcArii 'asAita' bhaNai, vIrakathA varNavesi / 1 / isameM paiThaNapura yA paTTaNa kA varNana karate hue kavi likhatA hai : 'amarAvai saMmANaM pratyakSa pramANaM avara nayarANaM / pura paTTaNa payaThANaM apaThANaM vIra baavnyaa| zikhara vRddha dasasahasa prAsAda kanaka kalaza dhana naravai nAda, godAvarI nu nirmala nIra pura pahiThANa basai tasutIra / ' isake anta kI kucha paMktiyA~ bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM prastuta haiM : sakala loka rAja raMjanI, kalayuga kathA Uttau bAvanI, gAhA duhu vastu caupai, sujisyai cyAri battIsAM huii| jaalI miNasai vizAlA, tiNa mohamAyA jaalaa| suNatAM doSa daridra savi Talai, bhaNaI 'asAita' tihaM aphalA phalai / isameM vatsarAja kI kathA cAra khaMDoM meM prastuta kI gaI hai, anya jaina 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 46, bhAga 3 pR0 458 aura 2108

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332 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kathAoM kI taraha isake bhI anta meM vatsarAja nAnA bhoga-rAgoM se uparAma hokara 'zama' kI saMyama dvArA prApti karatA hai| ___ AjJAsundara-Apa kharataragacchIya AcArya jinavarddhanasUri ke ziSya the| jinavarddhanasUri kharataragaccha kI pippalaka zAkhA ke pravartaka the / ApakI racanA 'vidyAvilAsa narendra caupai' (363:padya) saM0 1516 meM likhI gaI / zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 meM isa kavi kA nAma nyAyasundara upAdhyAya likhA thA kintu bhAga 3 meM sudhAra kara AjJAsundara kara diyA hai| zrI nAhaTA jI ne isa para eka lekha 'kalpanA' meM prakAzita karAyA thaa|' isakA prArambha isa prakAra kavi ne kiyA hai : 'goyama gaNahara pAya namI sarasati hiyai dharevi, vidyAvilAsa naravai taNau cariya bhaNau saMkhevi / ' caupai ke antima chaMdoM meM kavi paricaya isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai : 'iNapari pUrai pAlI Ayu, devaloka puhutai nararAya, kha ratarigachi jinavardhanasUri tAsu sIsa bahu ANaMda pUri / 361 / zrI anyA sundara uvajhAya nava rasa kidha prabandha subhAya / saMvata panara sola varasaMmi, saMgha vayaNe paviya suraMma / yaha caupai jai0 gu0 ka0 prathama bhAga meM isa prakAra chapI hai : zrIanyAyasundara ubajhAya, naravara kidha prabandha subhAya / _isa prati kA pATha azuddha hai aura padya saMkhyA bhI gar3abar3a hai zAyada isI ke AdhAra para desAI ne isake lekhaka kA nAma nyAyasundara upAdhyAya pahale batAyA hogaa| isameM anyAsundara kA anyAya sundara aura navarasa kA naravara pATha hone se saba bhrAntiyA~ haI hoNgii| isa caupaI kA antima chaMda isa prakAra hai : 'vidyA vilAsa nariMda caritra, bhaviya loya aha pavitta, je nara par3hai suNai sambhalai, puNya prabhAva manoratha phli|' IzvarasUri--Apa sAMDera gacchIya sumati sUri ke praziSya evaM zAntisUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1561 dazapura (maMdasaura) meM lali1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA, 'paramparA' pR0 60 2. jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 10 51 3. desAI-je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 471

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 333 tAMga caritra yA 'lalitAMgarAsa' likhA / Apake guru zAntisUri bhI sulekhaka the aura 'sAgaradatta rAsa' kI racanA inhoMne kI thI / IzvarasUri ne lalitAMga caritra kI racanA sonArAya ke putra puraMja kI prArthanA para kI thI / bAda meM ye puMja mAlavA ke bAdazAha nasiruddIna ke pratinidhi malika mAphara ke maMtrI ho gaye the / bAdazAha ne mAMDavagar3ha ke meghamaMtrI ko malika mAphara kI upAdhi dI thI jise vaha apanA mitra aura pratinidhi mAnatA thA / puMja unhIM meghamaMtrI ke sahAyaka evaM salAhakAra the / Apa IzvarasUri ke bhakta the / cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla ne lalitAMga carita ko uccakoTi kI racanA batAyA hai / isameM solaha prakAra ke chaMdoM kA prayoga huA hai / kavi isake saundarya kI svayam sarAhanA karatA hai, yathA :'sAlaMkAra samatthaM sacchaMda sarasa suguNa saMjuttaM / laliyaMga kumara cariyaM lalaNA laliyavva nisuNeha / ' 1 isakI bhASA ko prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA gujarAtI batAyA gayA hai / isakI bhASA meM kahIM-kahIM prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke prayoga upalabdha haiM parantu adhikAMza rAsa kI bhASA marugurjara hai / isa rAsa ke Adi aura anta kI paMktiyA~ bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM uddhRta kI jA rahI hai : Adi paDhama Dhama jiNaMda, paDhama nivaM paDhama dhamma dhura dharaNe; vasahaM vasaha jiNesaM, namAmi suranamiya payadevaM / siri AsaseNa naravara, vizAlakula bhamara bhogiMdA, bhogiMda sahiya pAso, disau siri tumha pahu pAso / mAMDava durga kA varNana dekhiye : mahi mahati mAlavadesa, dhaNA kaNaya lacchi nivesa, tihaM nayara maMDava dugga, ahi navaU jANa kisagga / tihaM atula bala guNavaMta, zrI gyAsasuta jayavaMta, samarattha sAhasa dhIra, zrI pAtasAha nisIra / ' racanA kAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai| 1 'kavi kaviu Izvara sUri, taM khamau bahuguNa bhUri sasi rasu vikramakAla, a carIya raciu rasAla / ' :-- isameM kavi ne gaccha aura guru paramparA kA bhI varNana kiyA hai / ApakI dUsarI racanA 'zrIpAla cau0 ' siddha cakra cau0 saM0 1564 meM likhI gaI / 1. desAI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 105 aura bhAga 3 pR0 532 --

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234 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dohe caupAI kA isameM mukhyarUpa se prayoga kiyA gayA hai kintu bIca-bIca meM DhAla, vastu, rAga Adi kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| yaha racanA mAlavA deza ke ratalAma nivAsI zrAvaka belarAja ke Agraha para likhI gii| isameM zrIpAla kI prasiddha kathA caupaI bandha meM prastuta kI gaI hai / isake Adi kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai : 'zrI arihaMta jiNaMdavara siddha sUra ubajhAya, paMcama padi samaru sadA, sayala suguruguNarAya / nyAna anai darasaNa sahita cArita tapavidhi sAra, hIyaDA bhItara navama pada, a samarU savicAra / isake bhI anta ke kavi ne apanI guru paramparA para prakAza DAlA hai aura apane ko sAMDera gacchIya jasabhadra sUri, zAlisUri, sumati sUri, zAnti sUri kA ziSya batAyA hai / racanAkAla kA ullekha isa prakAra huA hai : 'velarAja nai Agraha karI, kIdhau zrI nava kAraka cirI, panara causaTTai varasa ullAsi, sea aTThimi diNa Aso mAsi / ' ina uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para ye marugUrjara ke samartha kavi siddha hote haiN| ApakI Isara zikSA (gAthA 29) aura aura naMdiSeNa (76 gAthA) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| kintu vivaraNa uddharaNa upalabdha nahIM hai| Apa apabhraMza ke bhI acche jJAtA the| Apane apanI racanAoM meM nAnA prakAra ke chanda alaMkAroM kA prayoga tathA sarasasthaloM kA mArmika varNana kiyA hai / udayadharma-Apa Agama gacchIya muni siMha sUri kI paramparA meM matisAgara ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1507 meM 'vAkya prakAza auktika' likhaa| isa para harSakula ne saMskRta meM vRtti likhii| Apane saM0 1543 meM marugurjara meM 'malayasundarI rAsa' nAmaka 1800 chandoM kI vistRta racanA likhii| ApakI dUsarI racanA 'kathAbattIsI saM0 1557 hai| Apa 'upadezamAlA kathAnaka' ke lekhaka udayadharma se bhinna haiM kyoMki ve 14vIM zatAbdI ke lekhaka the| unakI racanA 'prA0 gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| malaya sundarI rAsa ke anta meM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA aura racanA kAla kA ullekha kiyA hai, yathA : 'viraha vasiucitti aMbAtAta, kukarma viSai avaracI vAta, panara traitAlai tRtIyA tithi, Aso zudi jeguru pakSa atthi / 1191 / 1. nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 209

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335 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya isa prakAra 'kathAvatrIsI' kA racanAkAla kavi ne isa prakAra batAyA hai panara paMcAsai dIpa dine kariuM kathAnaka aha, mugadha paNa dUmai kahiuM achai sodhai uttama jeha / '' isa prakAra Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke lekhaka the| malayasundarI rAsa meM malayasundarI kI kathA ke mAdhyama se kavi ne karma siddhAnta ko spaSTa kiyA hai| isakI bhASA sarala evaM zailI subodha hai / inakI vistRta kathA kRti meM camatkAra kautUhala ke sAtha kahIM-kahIM rasAtmaka uktiyA~ bhI mila jAtI haiN| 'vAkya prakAza auktika' ke lekhaka udayadharma ratnasiMha sUri ke ziSya the aura nizcaya hI prastuta udayadharma se bhinna the / upadeza mAlA kathAnaka ke kartA pahale vinayacandra samajhe jAte the, kintu bAda meM nizcaya huA ki usake kartA yahI udayadharma hai| inakA vivaraNa pahale diyA jA cukA hai| udayabhAnu - (udayabhANa)-Apa pUrNimA gacchIya A0 vinayatilaka kI paramparA meM saubhAgya tilaka sUri ke ziSya the| Apane vi0 saM0 1565 (jyeSTha sudI) meM 'vikrama sena rAsa-cupai' likhA / vikrama sena ujjaina ke paramAra rAjA gardabhasena ke putra / ve bar3e parAkramI aura sAhasI the| unhoMne agiyA vaitAla ko vaza meM kiyA thaa| inake antaHpura meM saikar3oM rAniyA~ thIM kintu eka bAra svapna meM usane caMpAnagarI kI nirupama sundarI rAjakumArI lIlAvatI ko dekhA aura usakI deza dezAntara meM khoja zurU kii| eka avadhUta ne usa kA patA batAyA aura kahA ki vaha puruSa dveSinI hai| rAjA apanA rAjapATa maMtrI ke Upara chor3akara use DhUr3hane nikala pdd'aa| phira anya kathA granthoM kI taraha tamAma kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA varNana hai / aneka Apada-vipattiyoM ko jhelakara usane lIlAvatI ko prApta kiyA / bhoga vilAsa se aMta meM uparAma hokara dIkSA letA hai aura saMyama sAdhanA dvArA mukti prApta kiyA / isameM kathA aura kAvya kA sundara samanvaya huA hai| isakA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai : 'devI sarasati devI sarasati pAya paNamevi, zaMbhu zakti bimani dharI, karisa kavi nava navaI chaMdi, 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 62-63 2. vahI bhAga 3 pa0 401 aura 457

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336 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa siddhi buddhi vara vidhana hara, guNanidhAna gaNapati prasAdi, jJAnI RSi Agai huA, je Agama paravesa, tasa pasAI kavIyaNa kahaI, vikramasena varNavesu / 1 / / isameM sarasvatI ke sAtha zaMbhu, zakti aura gaNapati kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| rAsa meM racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : 'panara pAMsaTThi saMvacchariI, jyeSTha zudi pakSa dinakarai / raciu rAsa se zAstraprakAza, kahikaviyaNa nijagurunudAsa / isake anta kI paMktiyoM meM vibhinna pratiyoM meM pAThAntara milatA hai| jaise kisI prati meM ina paMktiyoM se rAsa samApta hotA hai 'tasahi gurunu anumata lahI, kotaka kathA kavIzvara khii| vipula buddhi sukavi teha taNai, vAcaka udayabhANaima bhaNai / ' aura kisI meM isake Age nimnalikhita do paMktiyA~ dUsarI haiM : 'tasa anukrama chai sUri sujANa, mahimAvata mahIala jaga bhANa / zrI saubhAgya tilakasUri, jagi yajavaMtA ANaMda puuri|' isase spaSTa hai ki Apa saubhAgya tilaka ke ziSya the| 'nU' vibhakti aura 'chai' kriyA ke prayoga se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki isa rAsa kI bhASA marugurjara hai kintu isa para gurjara kA prabhAva adhika hai| udayavaMta-Apa tapAgacchIya A0 somasundara sUri ke ziSya the| Apa ne saM0 1535 meM 'navakAra mahAmaMtra gIta' likhA jo jainayuga meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| yaha 15 chaMdoM kI laghu racanA hai jisameM navakAra mantra kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai / isake prArambha kI paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'akSara saMpata japata padi pahilai, bIjai bIjaka paMca, bIjai sAtasAta cauthai vrata, nava paMcamai prapaMca, __suguNI guNIi nvkaaro|| anta meM lekhaka ne apanA aura apane guru kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai : - 'tapA gacchanAyaka guruA, somasundara guru rAyA, tAsa pasAiM udayavaMta , parama maMta amhi pAyA / 15 / 3 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 113 aura bhAga 3 pR0 548 2. vahI pR0 492 3. vahI bhAga 3 50 492

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22 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 337 __ jaina bhaktoM meM navakAra mantra kA atizaya mAhAtmya hai aura isa para aneka gIta, kathA granthAdi likhe gaye haiN| kaDuA (kaDuvo)-~Apa kaDuvA gaccha ke mUlapuruSa the| Apane saM0 1562 ke AsapAsa apanA svatantra gaccha calAyA thA, ApakI racanA 'lIlAvatI rAsa' yA 'lIlAvatI sumati vilAsa rAsa' bhI isI samaya kabhI. likhI gaI hogii| isake Adi meM lambodara kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai, yathAH 'prathama labodara vInabu, sUDA dunda guhiir| suddhi buddhi Apai niramalI guNasthAnaka gNbhiir| deva mahezanai kuli huA, pAravatInA pUtra, tumha samarii riddhi pAmIi, aNakelavyA dhara sUtra / ' yaha pUrA rAsa; dohA aura caupAI chanda meM likhA gayA hai / isake pazcAt kavi sAradA aura AdinAtha kI vaMdanA karatA hai| isa rAsa meM lIlAvatI kA puNyacaritra citrita hai / bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM isa rAsa kI antima cAra paMktiyA~ prastuta kI jA rahI haiM : 'lIlAvatIna caritra sAMbhali, duSa dAridra tehanA ttli| je naranArI gAsi rAsa, iNI pari pUri mananI Asa / karajor3I kaDuU imi bhaNI, duSa dAlidra te helA dari / je naranArI gAsi rAsa, svAmI pUro tehanI Asa / ' isakI bhASA prasAdaguNa sampanna marugurjara hai jisa para gurjara kA adhika prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai| racanA meM kAvyatva para kama, upadeza para dhyAna adhika hai| kaDuvA kA janma naDulAi meM nAgara jAti ke vaNik vaMza meM huA thaa| Apa 19 varSa kI avasthA meM (saM0 1514) ahamadAbAda cale Aye aura yahA~ harikIti se khUba zAstrAdhyayana kiyaa| tatpazcAt Apane zrAvaka veza meM dUra dUra taka vihAra-vicaraNa kiyA aura logoM ko apanA saMdeza diyaa| dharmasAgara kRta paTTAvalI ke AdhAra para Apane saM0 1562 meM apanA mata-pravartana prArambha kiyA thaa| ye mUrtipUjA kI mAnyatA karate the kintu inakA vicAra thA ki vartamAna meM zAstra vihita AcAravAn koI zuddha sAdhu nahIM hai ataH dIkSA meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the| saM0 1564 meM dharmopradeza karate ApakA. dehAvasAna huaa| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 110 aura bhAga 3 pa0 538 2. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kanaka kavi - Apa kharataragaccha ke 60 veM paTTadhara AcArya jinamANikya sUri ke ziSya the / sUrijI kI dIkSA saM0 1560, padasthApanA saM0 1582 aura svargArohaNa saM0 1612 meM huA / kanakakavi kA samaya bhI yahI hogA / Apane saM0 1582 ke AsapAsa 50 gAthA kI racanA 'meghakumAra rAsa' likhA / meghakumAra apane kaThora saMyama evaM AcAra niSThA prasiddha hai / isa rAsa meM unhIM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 338 valkalacIrI RSibeli aura 'kSemarAja upAdhyAya gIta' bhI ApakI anya do choTI choTI racanAyeM haiM / meghakumAra rAsa meM kavi magadhadeza, usakI sundara nagarI rAjagRhI aura rAjA zreNika kA prArambha meM ullekha karatA hai, yathA 'deza magadha mAMhi jANi o rAjagRha nagara navesUo / rAjakare raliyAmaNaOM zreNI sabala nareza 19| ' ---- anta meM kavi ne apane guru kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai, yathA'te munivara meghakumAra jINe cAritra pAliU sAra, guru zrI janamANika sIsa, kavi kanaka bhaNai nisadIsa | 2 'valkalacIra RSideli' bhI prathama racanA ke samAna saMyamI RSi kI stuti meM likhI laghukRti hai / isakA Adi aura anta isa prakAra haiM Adi- potanapura varate nagara siromaNi jANU, gar3hamar3ha dhavalagRha poli prasAda vaSANU / somacaMda naresara rAja karai suvicAra, rANau dhAriNI guNavaMti taNu bharatAra / ' tata SiNi riSi pAuiM kevala nirmala dAyaka zreNi zubha dhyAni, binhai sahodara te kevala dharahuM praNam bahumAni / valkalacIra prasanna candrariSi, jinazAsani jayavaMta, kanaka bhaNai tehanA guNagAMtA, mahimA sujasa anaMta / 75 / ' anta yaha racanA beli nAmaka eka vizeSa kAvya vidhA meM rocaka DhaMga se prastuta kI gaI hai / yaha marugurjara yA purAnI hindI kI pratinidhi bhASA zailI meM likhI gaI hai / isameM nagara varNana, tapasyAvarNana Adi varNana sthala acche bana par3e haiM / uccakoTi ke kAvya saundarya ke abhAva meM bhI varNana kauzala dvArA kavi ne isa upadezaparaka kathA kRtiko rocakaDhaMga se prastuta karane meM saphalatA 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - je0 gu0 kavi bhAga 1 pR0 170 aura bhAga 3 pR0 629 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 133

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 339 pAI hai / 'kSemarAja upAdhyAya gIta' saM0 1600 kI racanA hai| isameM kSemarAja kA paricaya isa prakAra diyA gayA hai| Apa cha:jahar3a gotrIya zAha lIlA ke putra the| saM0 1516 meM A0 jinacandrasUri ne Apa ko dIkSita kiyA thaa| Apa somadhvaja ke ziSya the| Apane aneka prastakeM likhii| isa gIta kA prArambha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : 'sarasati kari supasAu ho, gAisu suhaguru rAu ho| gAisu suhaguru saphala surataru, gachi kharatara suhkro| kavi apane guru kA smaraNa karatA huA anta meM likhatA hai :_ 'dIpaMta dinamaNi samautejai bhavijayaNa tumhi vaMda, uditavaMtA zrI uvajhAya khemarAja kanaka bhaNai ciranaMdau / ' ina uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para patA calatA hai ki Apa kA marugurjara kAvya bhASA para acchA adhikAra thaa| Apa varNana karane meM kuzala the aura kula milAkara ApameM dharmopadezaka kI apekSA sahRdaya kavi kA tatva adhika thaa| 1. kakkasUriziSya-upakezagacchIya kakkasUri ke kisI ajJAta ziSyane 'kuladhvaja kumAra rAsa' (gA0 375) likhaa| zrI mo0 da0 desAI kA kathana hai ki ye sanatkumAra caupai (saM0 1551) ke racayitA kakkasUri-ziSya . zrI kIrtiharSa ho sakate haiM / rAsa ke prArambha kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai : 'pAsa jiNesara pAya namI jIrAuli avatAra, mahIyali mahimA jehanU dIse atihi udAra / mati samarU vAgezvarI sevakajana sAdhAri, saMSepi guNa sIlanAM bolu guru AdhAri / jiNasAsaNi jiNa bhAsiuM, dAnasIla tapa bhAu, sahiguru zrI kakkasUri bhaNai, adhika sIlu prabhAva / isa kRti meM zIla kA bar3A guNagAna kiyA gayA hai / Adarza, zIlavAna puruSa ke rUpa meM kuladhvaja kumAra kA caritra citrita kiyA gayA hai| isa rAsa meM-para-strI-vAsanA nivAraNa arthAt zIla para hI vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| isa rAsa kI antima kucha paMktiyA~ nimnAMkita haiM : 'zIli sohai jaMbU svAmI, thUlabhadra goyama guNanAmi, bAhubalI sakozala siMha, seTha sudarzana zIla dhuri sIMha / ' 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha kramasaM0 29 2. zrI mo0 80 desAI, je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 521

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340 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 2 kakkasUri ziSya-koraMTa gacchIya kakkasUri ke bhI eka ajJAta ziSya ne saM0 1596 vai0 zu0 14 budha ko 'lIlAvatI caupaI' likhii| isake anta meM apanI guru paramparA aura rAsa kA racanA kAla kavi ne diyA hai, yathA 'panara channavai vaizAkha mAsi, zudi caudisi mana dhariya ulhAsi, budhavAra ati nirmalai, caritra raciU aannNdighnnii| koraMTa gacchi kakkasUri rAya, te gurunA huM praNamI pAya, tAsa sIsa raMgii ima kahai, bhaNai guNaite siva sukha lahai / / isake pUrva racanA kA nAma kavi ne batAyA hai, yathA :'o lIlAvai taNu caritra, bhaNai guNai te thAi pavitra, moTA caritra thakI uddharI, cupai kIdhI haraSii krii|' caupai kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai :'sarasati sAmiNi samaru pAya, tu chai kakyiNa kerI mAya, tuhI prasAdi hui navanidhi, sevaka pAmai saghalI siddhi / mAlava desa atihiMi suvizAla, vattai bharahakhaMDa vicAli, tihA~ ujjeNI puravara bhalu, bIjAnagara thakI gunnnilu|' kamaladharma-- Apa paM0 bhuvanadharma ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1565 meM 47 padyoM kI racanA 'caturviMzati jinatIrtha mAlA (gA0 47) likhii| yaha caubIsI ke DhaMga kI racanA hai jo caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA para AdhArita hai| isakI prAraMbhika paMktiyA~ prApta nahIM haiM ataH bhASA aura kAvya pakSa kA Akalana karane ke lie antima cAra padya uddha ta kiye jA rahe haiM : 'nayari kAlappiya AvIyA e mA, pUjyA jiNavara deva, caMgi pathi caderIi e mA, ANyA kuzalaya khem| bhuvanadharma paMDita varu e mA, guNa maNi taNAM bhaMDAra, kamaladharma tAsu sIsa varai mA, karai videza vihaar| racanAkAla-saMvata panaraha pAMsaThae mAM haMsa sAla sUvicAra, niyamati mAnii varNavyA e mA tIratha sagalA sAra / tIrathamAlA je bhaNai e mA, ANiya ulagi aMga, te naranArI kavi bhaNai e mA, pAmai nava-nava raMga / 47 / ' 5. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jau0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 623 2. vahI ___3. zrI a0 ca * nAhaTaH-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 141 .

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 341 kamala meru - Apa A~cala gaccha ke vidvAn lekhaka the / Apane saM0 *1594 jyeSTha zu0 3 buddhavAra ko kaviMdA meM 'kalAvatI cau0' kI racanA kI / racanAkAla tathA sthAna kA ullekha nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM dekhiye :'saMvata panara uhANI sAra, jeTha sudi tIja buddhavAra, zrI vidhipakSa gaccha udAra, nayara zrI kaviMdA majhAra, vAcaka zrI kamalameru pAsau, viracyo kavi mana dhari uchAhau / '' isameM 'satI kalAvatI' kA pavitra caritra udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta karake kavi ne sAdhvI nAriyoM kA Adarza sarala marugurjara bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai / kalyANacandra - Apa kharataragacchIya AcArya kIrtiratnasUri ke ziSya 'the / inhoMne apane guru kI jIvanI para AdhArita 54 padyoM kI eka racanA 'zrIkItiratnasUri vivAhalau' likhI hai| isameM kIrtiratnasUri ke janma se lekara svargavAsa taka kA saMvatollekha sahita vRttAnta diyA gayA hai| dIkSA kuvArI (saMyamazrI) ke sAtha kIrtiratnasUri ke vivAha kA rUpaka mukhya rUpa se varNita hone ke kAraNa ise 'vivAhalau' kahA gayA hai| jaba delhakumAra (kIrti ratnasUri kA janma nAma) apanI mA~ ke pAsa dIkSA lene kI anumati lene jAtA hai to usakI mA~ use aneka pralobhana dekara dIkSA se virakta karanA cAhatI hai / kavi likhatA hai : 'lesu tumha dukkhaDA, desu ghaNa sUkhar3A guMdavau varasaulA vidAsa, khAri kakkhurahaDi drAkha khajjUraDI, dADima khou je avara nAma / kaNa maNi bhUSaNA, vaccha gaI dUSaNA, dhari sire kar3akare bahu kanna / pihara tU kApar3A, vArupa bAyar3A, jena pikkhaMti sumaNevi anne | 18 | " isake bAda delhakumAra kA dIkSA utsava vivAha kI bhA~ti varNita hai, 2 yathA : 'te mele viNu saMgha ghaNA, kukuM taDiya paDhAvi / sohai sAsaNa jasa taNaue, visatari jAna valAvi / Apai desaNa pUgaphala jAnaha taNai pravesi, sAmahaNI hivaguru karae, vaya vivAha haresi / ' isakI Adi aura anta kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai Adi 'bhakti bhari bhariyau harisa siri variyau, paNamiya saMti karU satibhAha, sAradA sAmiNi haMsalA gAmiNI jhANihi niya hiya kari sAha |1| -. 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI -- jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 615 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - 'paramparA' pR0 61 ( rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla )

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342 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa anta 'ehu vivAhalau bhaNai bhAvi, tasu maNovaMchita dei i do, bhaMtu siri kittirayaNa sUripAya, sIsu tAsa kahai kallANacaMdo / " yaha racanA saM0 1525 ke lagabhaga likhI gaI hogii| saM0 1525 meM anazanapUrvaka kIrtiratnasUri kA svargavAsa huA thA / kalyANacanda ne apane guru kI stuti meM 18 gAthA kI eka aura racanA 'zrI kIrtiratnasUri caupai' bhI likhI hai, isameM bhI zrI kIrtiratnasUri kI jIvanI varNita hai / yaha racanA aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kIrti ratnasUri osavAla vaMzIya prasiddha zAha kocara ke vaMzaja depA ke putra delhA the / ApakA janma saM0 1449, dIkSA saM0 1463 aura AcArya pada sthApanA saM0 1497 meM A0 jinabhadra dvArA huA / kIrtiratnasUri kI 'neminAtha kAvya' prakAzita racanA hai / prastuta caupai kI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai / prathama chaMda dekhiye : 'sarasati sarasa vayaNa de devi, jima guru guNa boliuM saMkhevi / pIjai amiya rasAyaNa vindu, tahavi sarIrai huI guNa vRnda ' isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM 'zrI kIrtiratana sUri caupai, prahaUThi je nizcala thaI / bhai guNai tihi kAja saraMti, kalyANacandra gaNi bhagati bhaNati / 18 * lagatA hai ki kalyANacandra ko isa samaya taka gaNi kI upAdhi prApta ho cukI thI / zAyada yaha racanA prathama kRti 'vivAhalau' ke bAda kI hai / isameM nizcita racanA kAla nahIM hai kintu yaha solahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kI racanA nizcita rUpa se hogI / kalyANajaya (jayakalyANa ) - Apa tapAgacchIya A0 hemavimalasUri ke praziSya evaM saubhAgyaharSa sUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1594 meM gaMdhAra nagara meM 'kRtakarma rAjAdhikAra rAsa' likhA / saubhAgya harSa aura Anandavimala sUri hemavimalasUri ke ziSya the / yahIM se do paTTa alaga hue / saM0 1582 meM kriyoddhAra ke samaya hemavimalasUri ne gaccha kA samasta bhAra saubhAgyaharSa ko sauMpA thA / saubhAgyaharSa ne laghuzAlA nAmaka apanA alaga pATa calAkara usa para somavimalasUri ko sthApita kiyA / Ananda vimala sUri ne apane paTTa para vijayadAnasUri ko sthApita kiyA / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR. 119 2. ai0 je0 kAvya saMgraha pR0 52

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 343 'kRtakarma rAjAdhikAra rAsa' kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM :'sakala mUrati kalyANakara, AdihiM Adi jiNiMda, zrI vimalAcala maMDaNau paNamau Adi jiNiMda / isake bAda kavi ne neminAtha, varddhamAna aura sarasvatI kI vandanA karake kRtakarma kI racanA ke lie unase vimala buddhi kA varadAna mA~gA hai| rAsa ke anta meM apane guru saubhAgyaharSa kA abhinandana karate hae kahate haiM 'zrI saubhAgyaharSa sUri cirajayu me mA sahUko di AsIsa, vibudha puraMdara guNanilu o mA, dharmavaMta nisidIsa / vidyA codai alaMkariu o mA, tapa japi kSimA nidhAna, zrI kalyANajaya jayakaru o mA, paMDita sakala pradhAna / ' zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 meM isake racanAkAra kA nAma kevala kalyANa likhA hai| jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 meM nAma sudhAra kara kalyANajaya (jayakalyANa) karaka Age ziSya likha diyA hai arthAt yaha racanA jayakalyANa kI nahIM balki unake kisI ziSya kI hogii| ataH yaha spaSTa nahIM ho sakA ki isake lekhaka kalyANajaya haiM yA unakA koI ziSya / unhoMne koI aisI paMkti nahIM uddha ta kI hai jisake AdhAra para ise jayakalyANa ke ziSya kI racanA samajhA jA sake isalie ise abhI kalyANajaya ke nAma para aMkita kiyA jA rahA hai| kalyANAtalaka (upAdhyAya)-kharataragaccha ke prasiddha AcArya jinasamudra sUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne saM0 1550 ke AsapAsa jaisalamera meM 'dhannArAsa' (65 padya) kI racanA kii| inakI dUsarI racanA 'mRgAputra saMdhi' (44 padya) hai / Apane prAkRta meM 'kAlikAcAryakathA' (56 gAthA) likhI aura svayam usakA saMkSipta bhAvArtha bAlAvabodha bhI bnaayaa| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA kI prati ke AdhAra para ise 'kAlaka kathA saMgraha' nAmaka grantha meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| 'dhannArAsa kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : 'samariya samarasa taNau nihANa, vIra jiNesara tribhuvana bhANa / vIra kahiu je navamai aMge, dhannA saMdhi kahisu manaraMge / 1 / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 1 pR0 160 evaM bhAga 3 pR. 612-613 1. zrI0 a0 10 nAhaTA-'rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla' paramparA pa0 62 aura 70

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344 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isake anta ke do padya bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM prastuta hai - 'zrI jesalamera maMDaNa pA~sa, pUjatAM parai mana Asa, tasu prabhAva kariu saMdhi vaMdhau, zrI jinasamudrasUri saMnihayai / 64 / aha sambandha amIyamaya vANI, bolai vIra jiNesara nANi, aNutaravAi navama aMgai, uvajjhAya kalyANatilaka manaraMga i / 65 / ' A0 jinasamudrasUri kI padasthApanA saM0 1530 aura svargavAsa saM0 1555 meM huA thA ataH isakA racanAkAla saM0 1550 ke AsapAsa honA cAhiye / 'mRgAputra saMdhi' kI Arambhika aura antima paMktiyA~ bhI Age prastuta kI jA rahI haiM--- Adi 'praNamIya vIra jiNesara pAyA, jasu sevai suravara nararAyA, ___ mIyAputta kahisa hU~ caritta, saMdhi saMbaMdhi samarisu pavitta / 1 / anta 'aha prabandha umasamarasa bharIyau, uttara ujjhayaNa thakI uddhariu / zrI jinasamudrasUri susIsai, kahai kalyANatilaka sujgiisi|" kalyANatilaka upAdhyAya prAkRta aura marugurjara bhASAoM ke suvijJa vidvAn evaM racanAkAra the / gadya aura padya meM samAna rUpa se racanA karane meM kuzala the / unakI bhASA svAbhAvika bolacAla kI marugurjara hai jisameM unhoMne dhannA aura mRgAputra ke jIvana caritra ke mAdhyama se jainadharma kA saMyama aura tapa sambandhI sandeza rocaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| kaviyaNa -'tetalIputra rAsa (saM0 1595) ke racanAkAra kA nAma zrI mo0da0 desAI ne kaviyaNa likhA hai| kaviyaNa nAmaka kaI kavi milate haiN| yaha kaviyoM ke lie sAmAnyatayA prayukta hone vAlA zabda hai| isalie ThIka nahIM mAlUma ki vastutaH yaha kisI vyakti kA nAma hai yA sAmAnya upAdhi hai| jo ho; prastuta kavi kI 'cauvIsI,' pAMcapAMDava saMjjhAya, tetalI putra rAsa aura 'amarakumAra rAsa' nAmaka racanAoM kI sUcanA zrI desAI ne jai0 ga0 ka0 bhAga 1 meM diyA hai, lekina bhAga 3 meM unhoMne pUrva sUcanA meM sudhAra karake kahA hai ki 'tetalI pUtra rAsa' ke kartA sahajasundara haiM, ise kaviyaNa kI racanAoM meM se nikAla denA caahiye| prastuta kaviyaNa hIra vijaya sUri ke samakAlIna haiM aura inakA racanAkAla saM0 1652 se pUrva bhI ho sakatA hai / sArAMza yaha ki isa kavi ke nAma, racanAoM kI saMkhyA aura racanAkAla ke 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 519 2. vahIM

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 345 sambandha meM nizcita sUcanAyeM nahIM haiM, phira bhI zrI desAI ke AdhAra para inake racanAoM kA vivaraNa isa zatAbdI ke kaviyoM ke sAtha prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| ___ caubIsI-caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM kI vaMdanA meM caubIsI likhane kI bar3I pracalita paripATI jaina lekhakoM meM milatI hai / prastuta caubIsI kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'sAhibA bAlesara arihaMta ke nisuNo vinatI re lo, ___ sasanehA guNavaMta ke hIyaDe je hatI re lo0 saa|' antima paMktiyA~ 'tujha guNa gAU kathArase meM samakita guNa dipAvyo re, kaviyaNa jagamAM jItanA yaNa guhira nisAMNa jAvyA re, vIra jinanere jAUM bhAmaNau / ' pA~ca pAMDava saMjjhAya-yaha choTI kRti hai, isameM pA~ca pANDavoM kI saMkSipta kathA hai| isakI prathama paMkti Age uddhRta kI jA rahI hai : 'hastinApura vara bhalu tihAM rAjA pAMDU sAra re| isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : "zrI hIravijaya sUri gachadhaNI, tapagachano udyotakAra re, kara jor3I kaviyaNa mujha AvAgamaNa nivAro re|| mujha AvAgamaNa nivAro paMDava paMca vaMdatA manamoha re|' tetalIputra rAsa' aura 'amarakumAra rAsa' kA nizcaya na hone ke kAraNa unake vivaraNa kI yahA~ apekSA nahIM hai| kavi kI bhASA para gurjara prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| karamasI-Apane saM0 1535 meM eka laghu racanA 'vairAgya kula' (15 gAthA) likhI jisakA jainayuga pu0 5 pR0 473-477 meM prakAzana huA hai| isakA prathama chanda isa prakAra hai : jIvataNI gati joi a, hiyalai kAMia na thAire, / karama baMdhani jIva avatarai, karmani baMdhaU jAIre / 1 / ' isameM karma siddhAnta kI anivAryatA dikhAkara jIva ko moha se mukti dilAne kA prayAsa kavi ne kiyA hai| isakI antima paMktiyA~ bhASA ke namUne ke lie pastuta haiM :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jo0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1 pR0 159 aura bhAga 3 50 613 2. vahI

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346 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'jetAM sarva anaMta dIsai, dIsai jinadharma sArare, karama sI maNai are jIvaDA, dudhara chor3ebau bhavabhArare / 15 / '' kIrati - Apa pUnima gaccha ke zrI vijayacandra sUri ke ziSya the| Apane 'ArAma zobhA rAsa' kI racanA saM0 1535 Azvina pUrNimA ko kI hai| racanA kA prArambha kavi sarasvatI kI vaMdanA se karatA hai, yathA 'sarasati sAmiNi vInabU, mAMgu niramala buddhi, kavita karisa sohAmaNU sA~bhalatA sukha vRddhi / 1 / ArAma zobhA nArI bharlA, jANai sayala saMsAra, puNyai te girui huI, bolisu tAsu vicAra / 2 / Age jaMbUdvIpa sthita pADalIpura nagara aura ArAma zobhA nArI kI kathA kahI gaI hai| isameM guru paramparA kA varNana karatA huA kavi batAtA hai ki pUnimagaccha ke rAmacandra sUri ke ziSya puNyacandra sUri ke pazcAt vijayacandra sUri bar3e prabhAvazAlI sAdhu the| kavi unhI vijayacandra sUri kA ziSya hai / racanAkAla kA ullekha nimna paMktiyoM meM huA hai : 'saMvata paMnara pAMtrIsu jANi, Asoi pUnami ahi nANi, guruvArai pakSa nakSatra hoI, pUraba puNya taNAM phala joii| kara jor3I kIrati praNamai, ArAma zobhA rAsa je suNai / bhaNai guNai je nara ni nArI, navanidhi balasai tehagharavAri / ' zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ko isakA vivaraNa DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA se prApta huaa| kItiharSa-Apa zrI kakkasUri ke ziSya the| Apane kArtika zudi 15 guruvAra saM0 1551 ko 'sanatkumAra caupai' kI racanA kii| isameM 233 gAthAyeM haiN| inakI dUsarI racanA 'kuladhvaja kumAra rAsa' bhI ho sakatI hai jisakI carcA 'kakkasUri ziSya' ke nAma se pahale kI jA cukI hai| upakeza gacchIya kakkasUri kI dhAtu pratimA para saM0 1499 se saM0 1525 kI avadhi aMkita hai / inakI paTTAvalI se patA calatA hai ki inheM saM0 1498 meM AcArya pada prApta huA thaa| isa avasara para cittaur3a meM mahotsava huA 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 492-493 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 127-128 vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 347 thaa| inhoMne saMskRta aura prAkRta meM racanAyeM kI haiM / kIrtiharSa ko bhI likhane kI preraNA apane guru kakkasUri se prApta huI hogii| ____ 'sanatkumAra cau0' kA racanAkAla kavi ne svayam diyA hai| isI ke AsapAsa kI racanA kuladhvajakumAra rAsa' bhI hogii| sanatkumAra cau0 ke prArambha meM kavi ne pArvajina aura sarasvatI kI vaMdanA kI hai, yathA 'svAmI jirAyulli nivAsa, mani samaratAM pUrai Asa, paya sevai aNudiNu dharaNiMda, pahilupraNamisu pAsa jiNaMda / sarasati sAmini karu pasAi, kAsamIra mukha maMDana mAi, nAma japI kesIya gaNadhAra, carIya bhaNu zrI sanatkumAra / ' kavi ne rAsa ke anta meM racanAkAla aura guru paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai, yathA : 'zrI kakkasUri guruA gururAya, manasuddhii tasu praNamI pAya / sAra zrIraMga taNaI AgrahaI raciU prabandha bhavIaNa saMgrahai / pannara okAvanna majhAri, kAti pUnnime dina guruvAri / kavi kIrtiharSa manidharI ANaMda, raciu prabandha jana zravaNAnanda / isakI bhASA subodha marugurjara hai| kuzalasaMyama-Apa tapAgacchIya kuladhIra ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1555 meM 'haribala rAsa' kI racanA kI / kuladhIra AcArya hemavimala sUri kI paramparA meM the / hemavimala sUri ko AcArya pada saM0 1548 meM prApta huA thA aura unakA svargavAsa saM0 1568 meM huaa| yaha racanA isI avadhi meM huI hogii| racanA kI antima paMktiyoM se patA calatA hai ki kuladhIra aura kulavIra donoM hemavimala sUri ke ziSya aura Apasa meM gurubhAI the| sambandhita paMktiyA~ dekhiye :'tapagacchi zrI guru avicala bhAMNa, mAnai SaTdarzana jasu ANa, abhinava goyama svAmi samAna, zrI hemavimalasUri mahimA nidhAna / tAsa sIsa paMDita kulavIra, bIje baMdhava zrI kuladhIra / '3 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1 pR0 91-92 aura bhAga 3 pR0 521 2. vahI 3. vahI bhAga 1 pR0 129 aura bhAga 3 pa0 563 aura 1493

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348 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rAsa ke prArambha meM kavi pArzva jina kI vaMdanA karatA huA kahatA hai - 'pahilupraNamau pAsa jina jirAuli naU rAya, manavaMchita Apai sadA, sevai surasati pAya / isa prabandha meM cAra khaMDa haiM, caturtha khaMDa kA nAma 'navarasa siMgAra' hai / kavi ko rasa, zRGgAra Adi kA bodha hai / isa grantha kI padya saMkhyA 925 hai / prabandha ke anta meM racanAkAla kA ullekha kavi isa prakAra karatA hai'vikrama navi saMvatsara paMnara puNa puNapanna, varasa majjhami mAgha sudi paMcama rAUsiri haribala prabandha / inakI dUsarI racanA 'saMvega dra ma maMjarI' meM krodha Adi manovikAroM kA phala aura anityAdi bAra bhAvanA kA svarUpa mukhya rUpa se dohA aura caupaI chanda meM varNita hai / DhAloM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakA prathama padya prastuta hai, yathA'sakala rUpa praNamI arihaMta, samarI sAdhu sadA guNavaMta, zrI siddhAnta zru tadhara rAU, buddhi taNu joNii kariU pasAU / 1 / hU~ paNi achaU mUrakha bhUli, savihuM sukavitAnI pagadhUli, bolisu vIravacana manidharI, o saMvega-druma mNjrii|' isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM 'namiya jinavara namiya jinavara apara arihaMta, samarI sadguru sAdhu savi, dayAmUla jinadharma nizcala, zrutadevI supasAulau suSI suguru uvajesa maMjula / kuzalasaMyama kavi ima bhaNai, a caupai rasAla, saMvega dra ma maMjarI, saMvegii cusaal| inakI eka anya racanA 'nemikujare gajasiMha rAya rAsa' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai kintu tatsambandhI vivaraNa ajJAta hai / __kuzalaharSa-Apa tapAgacchIya AcArya vijayadAna sUri ke ziSya harSa saMyama ke ziSya the| vijayadAna sUri ko AcArya pada (saM0 1587) sirohI meM pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| ve saM0 1622 meM svargavAsI huye| kuzalaharSa ne kaI stavana likhe, jinameM nAgapura maMDana zAMti jina stavana, neminAtha stavana (66 kar3I), zatrujaya sta0, RSabhadeva sta0 (68 kar3I), phalavaddhi maMDaNa zrI pArzvanAtha sta0 (68 kar3I) aura mahAvIra stavana ullekhanIya haiM / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 129, bhAga 3 pR0 566

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349. maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya inakA viSaya sarvatra eka jaisA hai kintu bhASA zailI ke udAharaNArtha kucha paMktiyA~ Age uddha ta kI jA rahI haiM sarvaprathama nAgapura maMDana zAMti jina stavana kI antima cAra paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'ima taviU niramala sakala kevala kuzala maMgaladAyako, bahubhAva bhedI tatvavedI sukha pravedI naaygo| guru jinavara namai asura zrI vijayadAna sUrIsaro, zrI harSasaMyama caraNa sevaka kuzalaharSa kRpA kro| isakI bhASA hindI ke kAphI karIba hai, inakI dUsarI racanA 'neminAtha stavana' kI bhASA bhI isI prakAra sarala rAjasthAnI hindI hai, yathA : 'ima tavyu tribhuvana sajana pAvana trijaga jIvana jugaguro, zrI nemi jinavara sayala sukhakara nAlaMdapura mNddnnvro| nitu namai suranara asuranara zrI vijayadAna sUrIsaro, zrI haraSasaMjama caraNa sevaka, kuzalaharSa kRpA kro|66 / ' 'zatrujaya stavana' kA Adi padya isa prakAra hai :'sarasa vANI diU sarasatI a, varasatI vacana vilAsa ki, Asa puraU kaviyaNa taNI, gAyasIM RSabha jiNaMda / phalavaddhi maMDaNa zrI pArzva stavana kI bhASA anuprAsa yukta, pravAhamaya aura kAvyocita hai, yathA : ima pAsa Asa prakAza vAsana phalavaddhi maMDaNavaro, zrI harSasaMyama caraNa sevaka kuzalaharSa kRpA kro|68|' dhIre-dhIre stotra aura stavana kI bhASA meM pUjA-pATha sambandhI rAgamayatA aura tallInatA ke lie apekSita sahaja pravAha kA vikAsa hone lagA thaa| udAharaNa svarUpa 'mahAvIra stavana' kI do paMktiyA~ uddha ta karake apane kathana kA upasaMhAra karatA hU~, yathA : 'sAMtikaraNa guNarayaNa nivAsa, saphala karI bhavIaNa jiNa Asa, zAMti namukRta jagadAnanda, jodhapurAvani maMDaNa cNd|" hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki jo kavi gujarAta, rAjasthAna yA hindI bhASI kSetra kA hai usakI bhASA meM kramazaH aba ina bhASAoM kA svarUpa spaSTa rUpa 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 165, bhAga 3 pR0 621 2. vahI

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350 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa se nikharane lagA hai / phira bhI kisI kavi kI bhASA kA mUlAdhAra cAhe hindI, rAjasthAnI athavA gujarAtI ho para anya bhASAoM kA mizra 'prayoga aba taka banA huA hai / kolhi - Apane saM0 1541 meM 'kaMkasena rAjA caupaI' likhI / isa caupaI ke prArambha meM kavi kolhi ne zAradA kI vaMdanA kI hai phira taMbAvatI nagarI kA varNana kiyA hai jahA~ rAjA kaMkasena nivAsa karatA thA; kavi likhatA hai : 'pahilaU paNamau zArada mAi, bhUlyo Akhara ANau ThAI / kAzamIra mukha maMDaNa ThaNI, karau pasAu dehabuddhi ghaNI / ' X X X X taMbAvatI, basai atibhalI, kula chattIsa rahasI iti milI, disai duraga dhavala hala ghaNAM mar3ha devala kinAhIM maNAM / anta meM kavi apane kAvya kA saMdeza detA huA kahatA hai : 'jANyA urAr3A taNo vicAra, vana mAMhe nAThau chor3i ghara bAra / paMcA kahyAu jo navi karai, sa kaMkasena jyU bhUlau phirai / 329 | pandrahasai ikatAlai (1541 ) zrAvaNa mAsi, buddhi pUcho kaviyaNa pAsi, puSya nakSatra AchAiyAtI kharau, udyama eha Aja hI karau / 330 / ' kaviyaNa sAnidhI caupai, bholoui bhAvi kolhi ima kahI, sudi pAMcamI ara maMgalavAra, huvau carita saba vighna nivAra / ' isa prakAra kaMkasena rAjA kI kamajoriyoM, bhUloM aura viSayAsakti kA udAharaNa prastuta karake kavi ne pAThakoM ko cetAvanI dI hai ki kaMkasena rAjA jaisI bhUleM na kareM balki saMyamapUrvaka apanA ihaloka aura paraloka sudhAreM / yaha caupaI mukhya rUpa se dohe aura caupAI chanda meM likhI gaI hai / isakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva adhika dikhAI par3atA hai / -. khemarAja - (kSemarAja) Apa jaisalamera jJAnabhaMDAra ke saMsthApaka kharataragacchIya AcArya jinabhadra sUri ke praziSya aura somadhvaja ke ziSya the / Apa saMskRta aura marugurjara ke uttama lekhaka the / Apane saMskRta meM kaI stotra aura dvAtrizikAyeM likhIM / 'upadeza saptatikA svopajJa vRtti' (saM0 1547) ApakI prakAzita racanA hai / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 129 2 . vahI -:

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 351 marugurjara meM ApakI anekoM racanAyeM prApta haiM jinakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai| ApakI racanAoM meM zrAvaka vidhi cau0 ' gAthA 70 saM0 1546, ikSukAra cau0 gA0 50, phalodhI pArzvanAtha rAsa gAthA 25, namirAja cau0 gA074, metArya cau0 gA0 98, tetalI putra cau0 gA0 101, jinapAlita jina rakSita cau0, caubIsI, cAritra manoratha mAlA gA0 53, zrImaMdhara stavana, jIrAvalA sta0, varakANa / sta0, jJAnapaMcamI sta vIra sta0, samavasaraNa sta0, uttarAdhyayana saMjjhAya, maMDapAcala caitya paripATI Adi ullekhanIya haiM maMDapAcala caitya paripATI jainayuga varSa 4 meM prakAzita ho cukI hai / zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA inheM kharataragacchIya somadhvaja kA ziSya batAte haiM; parantu zrI mo0 da0 desAI inheM tapAgacchIya somadhvaja kA ziSya kahate haiM / " ye somadhvaja yadi jinabhadrasUri ke ziSya hoM to nizcaya hI kharataragacchIya hoMge / hama isa vivAda meM na par3akara inakI racanAoM kA hI Akalana kreNge| inakI prathama kRti 'zrAvaka vidhi cau0' yA zrAvakAcAra cau0 kA viSaya svayam spaSTa hai / isameM zrAvakoM ke lie vihita AcAra kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / isakI antima paMktiyoM meM kavi ne isakA racanA - kAla isa prakAra diyA hai :-- 'panarasai chaitAlA varSi, khemarAja gaNi mani utkarSa, pAsa pasAi purI AdarI, zrutazrI zrAvaka vidhi UcarI // 81 // ' cAritra manorathamAlA' kI antima cAra paMktiyA~ prastuta haiMcaraNa manoratha mAlikA, zrAvaka muni suvicAra, kaMThai rAkhai ApaNai, te pAmai bhavapAra / nija mani bhAvai bhAvanA, avasara karai jiMsAra, zrI khemarAja munivara bhaNai te sukha lahai apAra // 53 // 0 isameM zrAvakoM aura muniyoM ke AcaraNa sambandhI vidhi-niSedha kA AkhyAna hai / 'ikSukArI rAjA cau0' kA prathama chaMda dekhiye : 'paNa miya vaddhamANa jiNa sAMmiya, jo sevai jaNa pUrai kAmIya, ikhukAri ajjhayaNa vicAro, cauda samau pabhaNisu UdAro |1| ' 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - paramparA 'rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla pR0 62 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 500 vahI

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352 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ___phaladdhi pArzvanAtha (gA0 25) ke Adi aura anta kI paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM :Adi :- 'suguru ziromaNi zrI gotama garuyau gaNadhAra, rAsaracisu raliyAmaNau zravaNi sUNatAM ho haraSa apAra / 1 / anta :-'maliya mahAjana mani ralI, pAsanauM rAsa vasaMti ramati / tihi dhari navanidhi saMpajai, khemarAja munivara pabhaNaMti / 25 / '' zrI nAhaTA ne 'jai0 maru-gurjara kavi' ke pR0 16 para 'nemirAsa' gAthA 33 saM0 1596 kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai kintu koI vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| isa prakAra Apa marugurjara ke eka mahatvapUrNa lekhaka haiM jinheM kharataragacchIya evaM tapAgacchIya vidvAn apane gaccha kA siddha karane kI ceSTA karate haiN| inakI sabhI racanAoM kA kathAsAra yA bhASA saMbaMdhI udAharaNa denA prastuta grantha kI sImA meM sambhava nahIM hai| maMDapAcala caitya paripATI yA (mAMDavagar3ha. cai0) aitihAsika racanA hai jo prakAzita bhI hai, usakI kucha paMktiyA~ denA apekSita hai / paripATI nAmaka racanAyeM caityoM aura tIrthoM kI yAtrA ke avasara para saMbhavataH yAtriyoM dvArA stuti rUpa meM gAne ke liye likhI jAtI thIM kyoMki kavi likhatA hai :-- ___ 'phAgabaMdha je punyavaMta nArI nara gAvai, khemarAja gaNi bhaNai tei yAtrA phala pAvai / isake prArambha kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM :'pAsa jiNesara paya namiya, kAmiya phala dAtAro, phAgabaMdhi hau saMthuNisu jiNavara biMba ayaaro| iNipari caitya pravADI racI mAMDavagar3hi harisihI, saMcIya sukRta bhaMDAra suguru somadhvaja gaNi sIsahi / ' khemarAja svayam uccakoTi ke kavi the aura inake ziSyoM meM bhI 'khemakuzala' ke kavi hone kI sUcanA milatI hai / Apane saM0 1541 meM 'zrAvaka vidhi cau0' prAyaH usI viSaya para likhI jisapara inake guru khemarAja ne likhA thA / isakI prati bhI a0 ca0 nAhaTA jI ke saMgraha meM upalabdha hai| 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA--jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 pR0 131-132 2. zrI0 mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ke0 bhAga 3 pR0 500

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353 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya Apake kisI anya bhakta ziSya 'kanaka' ne kSemarAja gIta likhA hai jo aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha meM prakAzita hai| khomo yA khImA-Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha kavi pratIta hote haiM kyoMki RSabhadAsa ne apane grantha kumArapAla rAsa (saM0 1670) meM inakA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai : "Agi je moTA kavirAya, tAsa caraNa raja RSabhAya, lAvaNya lIdhoM khImo kharo, sakala kavinI kIrati kro|53|" inakI tIna racanAyeM prasiddha haiM eka zatrujaya caitya paripATI, jo prakAzita hai| do choTe gIta haiM---jIvadayAgIta aura jayaNAgIta / inakA paricaya Age diyA jA rahA hai| zatrujaya caitya pravADI yA paripATI prasiddha tIrtha zatrujaya ke stavana meM likhI gaI hai| isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM :-- 'ArAhU~ sAmiNI sAradA, jimamati tUThI diu mati sadA, zrI setruja tIratha vaMdevi, caitra pravADI racasi saMSevi / pAlI tANaMi praNam pAsa, jima mani vaMchita pUrai Asa, lalatAsura vaMdU jinavIra, soi sAyara jima guhira gaMbhIra / ' isake anta meM kavi kA nAma hai kintu anya vivaraNa nahIM haiM, yathA :'aha svAmI tumha guNa jetalA, maikima bolAi tetalA, tU guNa rayaNAyara sama hoi, aha saMkSA navi jANaMi koi / je tAharA guNaM gAI sAra, teha ghari maMgala jaya jayakAra, hUM tumha nAmii nitu bhAMmaNai, be kara jor3I khImu bhaNai / 32 / jIvadayA gIta mAtra pA~ca chaMdoM kI choTI racanA hai jo rAga dhanyAsI meM baddha hai / isakI cAra paMktiyA~ udAharaNArtha prastuta kI jA rahI hai : 'taraNa paNii jovana-madii, ho tarIya caDI vani jAi, trasa jIva viNAsarI, ima khaTavaTa ho nIgamIi kaai| khaTa darazana mati aha chai, jou samRta vicAra, khImarAja sAcau kahi, dharamaha dhari ho jIvadayA sAra / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI -- jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 161 2. vahI 3. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 494-496

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354 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isameM kavi kA kathana hai ki dharma kA sAra jIva dayA hai / inake dUsare gIta 'jayaNA gIta' meM sAta gAthAyeM haiM jisameM kavi ne apanA nAma khIma likhA hai / jIvadayA meM khImarAja likhA thA, ataH lagatA hai ki kavi khImo, khImA, khIma aura khImarAja kA yathAsamaya prayoga karatA thA aura isa nAma ke kavi eka hI vyakti khImA haiN| 'jayaNAgIta' kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'a zrAvaka kuli avatAra lahInai, sakhI je jIva virAdhaI re, teka maNi ciMtAmaNi lAdhau, paNi gAMThi navi bAMdhau re / 1 / isakI antima do paMktiyA~ dekhiye :'SaTakasAla o paMcai jANI, jIva jatana jo pAlai re, khIma kahai te dhanadhana sukalINI, mugatiphala te lihasaI re / 7 / '' isakI bhASA para maru kI apekSA gurjara kA prabhAva adhika prakaTa hotA hai| kSamAkalaza-AgamagacchIya sUri zrI amararatna kI paramparA meM Apa kalyANarAja ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1551 vaizAkha vadi zani ko 'sundara rAjA rAsa' likhaa| saM0 1553 bhAdra vadi 11 zani ko udayapura meM Apane apanI dUsarI racanA 'lalitAMga kumAra rAsa' likhA jisameM zIladharma kI mahimA batAI gaI hai| yaha 222 padyoM kA rAsa bandha hai| 'sundara rAjA rAsa' meM arihaMta kI vaMdanA karatA huA prArambha meM kavi kahatA hai : 'pahilU paramesara namI ArAhisu arihaMtu, gAisu zIla sohAmaNo sAMbhalayo ekati / sundara rAya taNA guNa kato kahuM mukha eka, zIli karI jagagAjatu kahIi te suviveka / ' grantha sambandhI vivaraNa anta meM isa prakAra diyA gayA hai :guru paramparA -'Agama gacchi jayavaMtA o mA, somaratna sUrIMda, ahanisi bhaviyAM niva namu o mA, jima hui paramANaMda / kSamAkalaza muni ima bhaNai o mA, bhaviyaNa suNau a rAsa, zIlaI zivasukha saMpajai o mA, chUTIi karmanA pAsa / 189 / ' 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 494-496 2. vahI, bhAga 1 pR0 93

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 'saMvata panara akAnavaI o mA vadi vaizAkhaha mAsi, zanivAra sohAmaNau o mA raciuM rAsa 'zIla prabandhaha je bhagai o mA naranArI haraSaI je o sAMbhalai o mA tehavari jayajayakAra lalitAMga kumAra rAsa meM sarvaprathama kavi ne sarasvatI kI ullAsa / 190 / suvicAra, 1989 | 2 vaMdanA kI hai, yathA : racanAkAla anta - 'pahilU sarasatI paya namI, ArAhI mana zuddhi, puNya prabandha hUM bhaNisu, ANI niramala bhatti / dAna sIla tapa bhAvanA, jiNa bhASai a dharma, aataNa valI valI ima kahai, sUdhau aihaja marma / Age zIla kA mahatva batAtA huA kavi likhatA hai : 'zIli savi sukha saMpajai, zIliM niramala buddhi, zIli dukha sayalaha Talai, pAmIjai sahI siddhi / isakA racanAkAla kavi ne isa prakAra batAyA hai'Adamapuri jagi kahIi sAra, nivasaI zrAvaka tihAM suvicAra, caMdraprabha jina taNai pasAi, alIya vidhana savi dUri palAi / bhai guNai ahaniza sAMbhalai, pApa paDala savi dUri Talai | kSamAkalaza muni kahai suvicAra, nitunitu teha ghari jayajayakAra | " isameM lalitAMga ke caritra ke mAdhyama se zIla kA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai / bhASA subodha marugurjara hai / upadeza vRtti kI pradhAnatA ke calate kAvya pakSa daba gayA hai | kSAMtiraMga gaNi-Apa sambhavataH lakSmIvinaya ke ziSya kanakatilaka ke ziSya the / Apa eka bhakta kavi the / Apane khairAbAda jilA sItApura sthita jainamandira meM pratiSThita pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ko lakSya karake 'pArzva jina stavana' likhA hai jisameM eka bhakta hRdaya kI vihvalatA vyakta huI hai| isakI bhASA aura abhivyanjanA zailI kA namUnA nimnalikhita uddharaNa dvArA prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai :-- 'iya pAsa jiNavara nayaNa maNahara kappa taruvara sohae / zrI nayara khayarAbAda maMDaNa, bhaviya jaNamaNa mohae / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 93 2. vahI pR0 94-95 355

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356 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zrI kanaka tilaku susIsa sundara likkhIvinaya muNIsaro, tasu sIsa gaNi kSAntiraMgi pabhaNai havai dinadina suhakaro / " gajarAja (paMDita) - - ApakI racanA 'hIravijaya sUrinA bAramAsa' (saM0 1596 phAlguna) prasiddha tapA0 AcArya hIravijayasUri ke caritra para AdhArita eka bArahamAsA hai / isameM bArahamAsoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / pratyeka mahIne kA varNana sukhada evaM dukhada paristhitiyoM ke anusAra uddIpana vibhAva ke rUpa meM karane kI paripATI jaina sAhitya meM kAphI purAne samaya se pracalita hai / prastuta bArahamAse meM bhI usI paddhati kA avalambana karake A0 hIravijayasUri kA guNAnuvAda kiyA gayA hai / kArtika mAsa kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : '---- 'kArataka mAse AvIo, bhAvIo sakhe parivAra re, anumati dIdhI benaDI, levA te saMjamabhAra re / zrI vijayadAna sUri ne hAtheM te pATaNa nayara majhAra re, saMvat 15 chanUo karataga bIje mAsa re / karajoDI gajarAja paMDita bhaNe, varato te jayajayakAra re, vimalAhI benI oma vInave | 2 isakI bhASA meM kAraka cihna ne, nU aura oma Adi prayogoM se patA calatA hai ki kavi kI bhASA para gurjara kA prabhAva adhika hai / isake prArambha kI kucha paMktiyA~ dekhiye : sarasatI bhagavatI varasatI, vANI dIo rasAla, vINA pustaka dhAriNI, kavi jana dIo adhAra / kara jor3I gajarAja paMDita bhaNe, vAra jA subhavela, tAsa taNo UsAUle, Aja karU~ raMgarela / " kAvyatva kI dRSTi se racanA sAmAnya koTi kI hai / gajarAja jI ne svayam ko sarvatra 'paMDita' upAdhi racanA meM guruparamparA nahIM dI hai, se saMyukta karake hI nAma diyA hai / gajalAbha -- aMcalagacchIya the / Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima aura 17vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa ke kavi the / ApakI prathama racanA bAravrata 1. zrI premasAgara jaina -- hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi pR0 96 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 171 3. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 357 TIpa caupai saM0 1597 kI hai ataH Apako 16vIM zatAbdI meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| isake racanA-kAla kA kavi ne isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai : 'jAva jIvarbhaka chai, suvisaha mUla suramma, pannara sattANavai laddha mai, suguru pAsi gahi dhamma / 83 / racanA kA prArambha kavi ne isa prakAra kiyA hai : 'pahilUpraNimasu jinavaru , jinazAsana sAra, sahiguru vaMdI vratavAra, pabhaNisu savicAra / vrata vinA jagi sayala nAma avirati pabhaNIjai, caudarAja mahi vastu aha mahIyAM masi lIjai / ' racanA ke anta meM kavi ne apanA nAma diyA hai kintu guru paramparA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, yathA :-- 'mani vacani kAyA taNa, je chai bahu vyApAra, tehathikU navi UsarU jima hui jayajayakAra / niyama bhaMga avaM karU, nIvI na paMccakkhANa, jana gajapati bhAlai kahai, ima pAlauM jina ANa / 88 isameM vAravrata kA mAhAtmya varNita hai| inakI dUsarI racanA 'jinAjJA haMDI' (aMcalagacchanI haMDI saM0 1610) ke AsapAsa sirohI nagara meM likhI gaI thii| isakI pahilI DhAla meM jina pratimA aura jinapUjA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / dUsarI DhAla meM kedArA rAga meM sAdhu-zrAvakoM kA dharma batAyA gayA hai| isake prArambha kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai : 'paMtha nahIM valI sAdha no re, mAlAropaNa kero, upadhAna nAma lei karIre kAI karo bhava phero| ANa sahita je karaNI kIje te sukhadAyaka dIse, kahi gajalAbha mujha AjJA Upari haraye hayaDu hiisre| isameM Age zrAvakoM kA sAmAyika vrata batAkara paMcaparvI sambandhI carcA kI gaI hai| isakA viSaya dhArmika evaM sAmpradAyika hai| bhASA para gujarAtI prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se adhika hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 pR0 630-631 2. vahI 3. vahI

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358 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gajendra pramoda-Apa tapAgacchIya AcArya hemavimala sUri kI paramparA meM harSapramoda ke ziSya the| Apane 'cittaur3a caitya paripATI' nAmaka aitihAsika racanA saM0 1573 meM kii| yaha 68 kar3I kI kRti hai| yaha racanA cittaur3a ke rANA saMgrAma siMha ke samaya kI hai ataH isakA aitihAsika mahatva hai| mahArANA saMgrAma ke samaya mevAr3a aura cittaur3a para samUce dezavAsiyoM ko garva hotA thaa| isakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| sarasvatI kI vaMdanA ke bAda kavi cittaur3a kA varNana karatA huA likhatA hai : 'sarasa vacana diu sarasatI nai lahI sagura pasAya, caitya pravADI viracasyu aracasyu zrI jinarAya / aMga tilaMga kaliMga a gauDa cauDa nai lAu, mAlava marahaTha soraTha tihi maMDaNa mevAr3a / zrI citrakaTihi rAjai pachajai je jehanu nAma, mahIpati sayarANu a rANA a zrI saMgrAma / ' racanA ke anta meM kavi racanAkAla aura guruparamparA kA paricaya detA huA likhatA hai : saMvata panara trihattarai a, naresUA phAgaNa vadi vAri caitra pravADI maiM racI a, naresUA riddhi siddhi jayakAra, tava gaNa rayaNAyara caMda divAyara hemavimala sUriMda guro, guNamaNi vairAgara vidyAsAgara caraNapramoda paMDita pravaro, tasa sIsa siromaNi kavi cUr3AmaNi zrI harSapramoda jayavaMta ciro, tasa sIsa gayadi paramANaM diuM, kariuM kavita jayakAra kro| isakI bhASA meM laya, anuprAsa aura pravAha ke kAraNa geyatA A gaI hai / vairAgara, vidyAsAgara, siromaNi aura cUr3AmaNi meM anuprAsa dekhA jA sakatA hai| gaNapati-Apa Amoda nivAsI vAlmIka kAyastha narasA ke putra the| Apa jainetara kavi haiM kintu marugurjara bhASA meM ApakI prasiddha racanA 'mAdhavAnala sambandha prabandha' (saM0 1584) 16vIM zatAbdI kI ullekhanIya racanA hai / isa kRti meM ATha aMga haiM / dogdhaka vaMdha meM racita yaha vizAla 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1493 2. vahI

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P maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 359 racanA hai| isa prabandha kAvya meM mAdhavAnala kA caritra citrita kiyA gayA hai| mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA kI premakathA para hindI evaM anya bhASAoM meM pracura sAhitya likhA gayA hai| isake prathamAMga ke prathama bandha meM kavi kAmadeva kI vaMdanA karatA huA likhatA hai : 'kuMyarA kamalA rati rammaNa, mayaNa mahAbhau nAma, pakaji pUjA payakamala, prathama ji karU praNAma / nala mAdhavAnala narami kari, kAmakaMdalA nAri, kuDAlyA be kamala bhU tuhini karNata murAri / ' 152 chaMdoM me prathamAMga sampUrNa huA hai| isake anta meM kavi ne apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai 'aMga prathama pUru havu bIjA guNa bolesi, narasA suta gaNapati kahiM madhukara jima madhuresa / anta meM racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai 'veda bhuaMgama vAMNa zazi (1584) vikrama varasa vicAra, zrAvaNanI zudi saptamI svAmate maMgalavAra / ' yadyapi isameM mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA kI kAmakrIr3A kA varNana hai aura anya jaina kRtiyoM kI taraha isakA anta vairAgya meM nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai kintu sAhityika dRSTi se marugurjara sAhitya meM isakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| isakI hastalikhita prati ke anta meM likhA hai 'itizrI mAdhavAnala prabandhe kavi zrI gaNapati viracite dogdhaka vaMdhena mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA kAmakrIr3A saMbhoge aSTamAMga sampUrNa / saM0 1670 mahIsANA meM yaha prati paM0 rAmajI gaNi dvArA likhita hai aura jasavijaya tathA dhanavijaya gaNi ke lie likhI gaI hai arthAt isakA sambandha jaina marugUrjara sAhitya se ghaniSTha rUpa se jur3A huA hai / ataH isakA vivaraNa yahA~ diyA gayA hai / guNakIti-Apa brahma jinadAsa ke ziSya the| inakI racanA 'rAma sItA rAsa' eka uttama prabandha kAvya hai jisameM kAvyagata guNa upalabdha hote haiM / yaha kAphI lokapriya rAsa hogA kyoMki isakI aneka pratiyA~ rAjasthAna ke bhaMDAroM meM prApta hotI haiM / rAsa ke antima tIna padya die jA rahe haiM :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 21-22-23

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maha gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'zrI brahmacAra jiNadAsa tu parasAda teha taNee, manavaMchita phala hoitu, bolII kisyuM dhaNue / 36 / guNakIrati kRta rAsa tu, vistAru mani ralIe, bAI dhanazrI jJAnadAsa nu, puNyamatI niramalIe / 37 / gAvauM ralI rami rAsatu, pAvau siddhi vRddhi e / manavAMchita phala hoi tu saMpaji navanidhie / ' isa rAsa meM sItArAma kA caritra jaina paramparAnusAra varNita hai / 360 :-- guNamANikya ziSya -- brahmANa gaccha ke buddhisAgarasUri, vimalasUri, guNa mANikyasUri ke kisI ajJAta ziSya ne 'harizcandra rAsa' kI racanA kI hai / brahmANa gaccha meM kaI buddhisAgara aura vimalasUri ho gaye haiM / inameM se saM0 1580 meM buddhisAgara ke paTTadhara vimalasUri guNamANikya ke guru rahe hoMge / ataH yaha kavi 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa kA ho sakatA hai / isake prArambhika padyoM meM guru paramparA isa prakAra batAI gaI hai| sarasati sAmaNi vInavU tribhuvana jagaNI mAya, racU caritra harizcandra taNU brahma pasAya | kRpA karU mujha svAminI vaMchita dAyaka deva, oka manu natu Ulagu, sadA karU tamha seva / sIla saMyama tapa nirmalu buddhisAgara guru jANi / gacha brahmANa guNanilu zrI vimalendra bakhANi, tAsa taNau ziSa aticatura guNamANika guru joya / teha taNai supasAulau kavita karU te soya / 2 isakI prati ke antima panne na mila pAne ke kAraNa isakA racanA kAla aura anya vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai / gauravadAsa - saM0 1581 meM phaphUMda ( u0 pra0) nivAsI kavi gauravadAsa ne 'yazodhara caritra' likhA / hindI bhASI kSetra kA nivAsI hone ke kAraNa inakI kAvya bhASA meM hindI prayogoM kA anupAta svabhAvataH adhika hai ataH mizravandhu vinoda meM isakI prasiddha racanA yazodhara caritra ko hindI kI kRti batAyA gayA hai / gauravadAsa saMskRta, prAkRta ke bhI acche jAnakAra the / Apane kailai ke sampanna zrAvaka thedhu sAha ke Agraha para yaha racanA kI / 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla -- rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pR0 186 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 172

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 361 jaina sAhitya meM yazodhara kI kathA atilokapriya hai / sarvaprathama udyotana sUri ne saM0 836 meM racita apanI kuvalayamAlAkathA meM prabhaMjana kavi kRta yazodhara carita kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu vaha anupalabdha hai / upalabdha racanAoM meM hariSeNa kRta bRhatkathA koSa (saM0 989) meM yazodhara kA carita sabase purAnA hai / taba se lagAtAra yazodhara carita para AdhArita racanAyeM prApta hotI rahI haiM / inameM puSpadanta aura raidhU kI apabhraMza meM, somadeva kRta yazastilaka campU saMskRta meM aura vAdirAja, sakalakIrti, brahmajinadAsa, devendra aura jinaharSa Adi kI marugurjara yA purAnI hindI meM yazodhara carita sambandhI anekoM racanAyeM upalabdha haiM / prastuta racanA kA AdhAra vAdirAja kRta yazodhara carita hai / isameM 537 chaMda haiM / yaha sargoM aura saMdhiyoM meM vibhakta nahIM hai balki AdyAnta kathA avirAma calatI hai / bIca-bIca meM saMskRta ke zloka aura prAkRta kI gAthAyeM haiM / yaha bha0 jJAnabhUSaNa kRta 'AdIzvara phAga' kI zailI para likhI racanA hai / isameM avaMtI ke rAjA yazodhara aura usakI rAnI amRtA, jo kisI kubar3a e gAyaka para Asakta thI, kI kathA hai / rAnI amRtA ke kapaTAcaraNa ke kAraNa rAjA yazodhara ko vairAgya huA aura ATe kA kukkuTa bali karane ke prAyazcitta svarUpa nAnA bhava-bhavAntaroM meM bhramaNa ke pazcAt usane mukti prApta kiyA isameM vahIM kathA kahI gaI hai| kathA rocaka, varNana sarasa evaM manohara haiM / pramukha pAtroM meM bhairavAnanda kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai : 'bhasma car3hAI mudrAkAna, anahI bujha kahai kahAna dIragha jaTA car3hAye bhaMga, nayana dhulAve vaMdana raMga / gaura varaNa mano pUnyo caMda, pragaTyo nAma bhairavAnanda | 2 zmazAna ke bIbhatsa dRzya kA varNana kavi ne ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai| 'saMga sahita muni gayo masAna, mare loga DahihiM jahithAna, muMDa ruMDa dIsaha bahuparo, kRmi kIlAlavi ghRNA bhare / 60 / ' - kAvya sukhAnta hai / saikar3oM jIvoM kI bali car3hAne vAlA bhairavAnanda bhI anta meM apane pApoM kA prAyazcitta karake svarga prApta karatA hai / isameM pramukha rUpa se dohA aura copAI chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakA maMgalAcaraNa dekhiye : 1. DaoN0 kAsalIvAla - kavivara vRcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi pR0 160

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362 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'jayau jinavaru vimalu arahaMtu sumahaMtu siva kaMtavaru, amara NayaNa raNimpara vaMdiu / uva samiya phalUsarai ti jaya vaMdhu daha dhamma NaMdiu / ' kubar3e dvArA saMgIta kA pradarzana karate samaya nAnA rAga-rAginiyoM kI bhI carcA hai / isI kubar3e ke prati kAmAsakta hokara zIla aura sadAcAra ko tAka para rakhakara rAnI kahatI hai :___'pari jaba mayana satAve vIra, tu na sakhI jAnai para pIra, mana bhAvato car3he cisa ANi, soi sakhI amara vara jANi / ' isa kAvya ko DA0 kAsalIvAla ne 'kavivara vUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi' nAmaka grantha se pahalI bAra prakAzita kiyA hai| isakI prati jayapura ke digambara jaina bar3A terahapaMthI mandira ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM surakSita hai| racanA kAla kA vivaraNa dekhiye : 'vasuviha pUjini ne svara ehAnu, lai abhAru dina sunahi purAnu / saMvata pandraha se ika asI, bhAdau sukila zravaNa dvAdazI 1536 / ' anta meM kavi kahatA hai :'par3ha guNa liSi vei liSAi, aru mUriSa sau kaho siSAi / tA guNa vaNi bahutu kavi kahai, putra janamu sukhu saMpati lahai / 540 / ' yaha antima chanda hai / isameM kavi ne kahA hai ki pratilipi likhane yA likhavAne aura use nAsamajhoM ko samajhAne kA bar3A mAhAtmya hai| aisA karane vAle ko putra, dhana, yaza kI prApti hotI hai| jaina samAja meM pustakoM ko likhane ke sAtha unakI pratilipi karAne tathA unheM surakSita rakhane kI dhArmika bhAvanA hamezA kAma karatI rhii| ina paMktiyoM meM kavi ne use hI vyakta kiyA hai| ___ isakI marugurjara bhASA para hindI vizeSatayA tatkAlIna kAvya bhASAvrajabhASA kA prabhAva adhika hai| kAvya guNa sampanna vrajabhASA kA eka namUnA ina paMktiyoM meM spaSTa hai : 'tohi kahA ete sau parI jo hauM kahI sundari rAvarI, vihinA likhyo na meTyo jAi, mana mA~ sakhI kharI pachitAi / 222 // 1. DaoN0 kAsalIvAla-kavivara bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi pR0 193 2. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya bIca-bIca meM vastubaMdha, sATaka aura saMskRta ke vaNika chanda tathA prAkRta kI gAthAyeM prayukta haiM jinakA uddharaNa dene se vivaraNa adhika dIrgha ho jaayegaa| dhaNacanda-Apane 'citrasena padmAvatI' kAvya / 1102 gAthA) solahavIM zatAbdI meM likhA jisakA nizcita racanAkAla evaM vivaraNa nahIM prApta ho pAyA hai| kavi ke sambandha meM bhI vivaraNa aprApta hai| catarumala-Apa apekSAkRta alpajJAta kavi haiN| Apake pitA zrI jasavaMta gopAcala (gvAliyara) ke zrImAla jAti ke digambara jaina zrAvaka the, inhoMne saM0 1569 se hI gIta likhanA prArambha kiyaa| inake likhe cAra upalabdha gItoM meM sabase bar3I racanA 'nemIzvara uragAnau' (saM0 1571 bhAdo vadI paMcamI, somabAra) 45 padyoM kI hai| isakI kAvya vidhA 'uragAno' eka navIna evaM viziSTa vidhA hai| isa uragAnI meM nemi-rAjula ke vivAha sambandhI ghaTanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM gvAliyara ke tatkAlIna tomara vaMzIya rAjA mAnasiMha kA ullekha hai| una dinoM vahA~ jainadharma kA bar3A prabhAva thaa| inake samakAlIna apabhraMza ke mahAkavi raidha ne bhI tomara rAjAoM kI zAna-zaukata kA varNana apanI racanAoM meM kiyA hai, lekina Azcarya hai ki catarumala ne raidha kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA hai| inake anya gItoM ke zIrSaka 'gAr3I ke gar3avAra kI', 'AIti bAbA vArI ke jaIyau' Adi meM kavi ke nAma kI chApa milatI hai| 'bhanai cataru zrImAru' yA 'zrAvaga suNaha vicAru, cataru yoM gAvahirga' Adi paMktiyoM meM lekhaka ne apane nAma kA prayoga kiyA hai / ____'nemizvara uragAnau' meM uragAno kA artha kavi ne 'guna vistarI' arthAt guNa kA vistAra karane vAlA kAvya batAyA hai| isameM maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt nArAyaNa zrIkRSNa ke parAkrama kI prazaMsA, jarAsaMgha para bijaya, rAjyasabhA meM nemi kA padArpaNa, zrI kRSNa dvArA nemikumAra kI prazaMsA, zrIkRSNa dvArA ugrasena kI kanyA rAjImatI kA nemikumAra se vivAha ke lie taiyArI karanA, bArAta pahu~cane para ekatra pazuoM ko dekhakara nemi kA vairAgya bhAva jAganA, rAjula kA karuNa krandana, rAjula kA bhI nemi ke pIche-pIche zikhara para car3hanA, saMyamapUrvaka nemi kI sevA karanA, tapa karanA aura isI prasaMga meM bArahamAse dvArA hara mahIne meM rAjula kI viraha vedanA kA varNana, aura anta meM dIkSA grahaNa Adi kA mArmika kathana kiyA gayA hai| yaha zAntarasa pUrNa 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 pR0 16

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa racanA hai / bhagavAna ziva ko pArvatI kI tapasyA ke sAmane kRpAlu hokara apanA vrata tor3anA par3A thA, parantu nemikumAra apane vrata-saMyama para anta taka aDiga bane rahe aura rAjula ko hI saMyama kA vrata lenA pdd'aa| yaha pravRtti pradhAna brAhmaNa saMskRti aura nivRtti pradhAna zramaNa saMskRti kA mukhya antara hai / jainadharma kA saMyama pradhAna nivatti mArgI-Adarza kavi ne nemi ke jIvana caritra ke mAdhyama se isa racanA meM prastuta kiyA hai| isakI bhASA para vraja kA prabhAva atyadhika hai| gopAcala kA varNana kavi ne isa prakAra kiyA hai : 'madhi desu sukha sayala nidhAna, gahu~ gopAcala uttiga ThA~nu / par3hata sunata jA upajya gyaanu| mana nihacala kari jiya dharai, rAjImatI jina saMyamu liyo, nemiku~vara nemi sayala viinyau| nemikuMvara nemi jina vaMdiyau / 45 / ' bArahamAse kA duHkha varNana karane ke pazcAt rAjula nemikuMvara se prArthanA karatI hai : 'e SaTtui ko sake samhAri, upaje duSu tumahi samhAri, kyo kari yahu manu rASi haiM, rahi haiM pAsa tumhAre deva, kari haiM carana nita seva, nemikuMvara jina vaMdihI / 34 / ' racanA kAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai :'saMvatu paMdraha se do ganau, guna gunahattari tA Upara caina, bhAdo vadi tithi paMcamIvAra, soma naSitu revatI sAha / ' inake 'krodha gIta' kI do paMktiyA~ dekhiye :'mAnu na kIjai joIvarA, tisu mAnahi ho mAnahi jiyarA dukha sahai / appu sarAhe ho bhalo, puNi paru kI ho paru kINita karai / ahameva kari kari karma vadhau, lAkha caurAsI mahi phira, ima jAni jiyarA mAnu parihari, mAnu bahu dukhaha karau / ' 1. DaoN0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-kavivara bacarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi pa0 175 2. vahI, pa0 173 3. vahI, pR0 164 4. vahI, pR0 161

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 365 kavi ne rAjA mAnasiMha kA ullekha nimnAMkita paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai-- 'bhujavala Apu ju sAhasa dhIra, mAnasiMha jaga jAniye, tAke rAja sukhI saba loga, rAja samAna karahiM dina bhogu / " " cauhatha (cotho) - Apa sAMDera gaccha ke AcArya yazobhadrasUri kI paraMparA dharmasAgarasUri ke ziSya the / saM0 1587 meM Apane 'ArAmanaMdana copar3a kRti ke prArambha meM sarasvatI kI vaMdanA karatA huA kavi likhI / kahatA hai :-- 'sarasati sAmiNI paya namI, ArAhisa ika citta, sAtUThI desi sadA, subuddhi sumati zubha citta / tatpazcAt sAMDera gacchIya guru yazobhadrasUri kA vaMdana kiyA hai, yathA :'gacha sAMDerA maMDaNau, zrI jasobhadra surendra, jasa paya paMkaiya sevatA bhavika lai AnaMda / phira likhimIpura nAmaka nagara ke varNana se kathA kA prArambha hotA hai / kavi ne kathA ke anta meM apanA, apane guru aura racanAkAla kA vivaraNa bhI diyA hai, yathA : - 'tAsa sIsa uvajjhAyaM nAmai navanidhi thAi, dharmasAgara taNai a, kaviyaNa ima bhaNai o / ANI AnaMda pUri dukha dAha kari dUri, haraSa dharI chaNai a, cauhatha ima bhaNai a / ' racanA kAla 'saMvata pannara pramANi satyAsIyai ima jANI, kIdhaU a carIya, mahIyali vistarI a / '2 isakI kAvyabhASA marugurjara para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva adhika hai / kAvyatva kI dRSTi se yaha eka sAdhAraNa koTi kI racanA pratIta hotI hai / 111 cauA - inakI do racanAoM - pArzvanAtha vinatI ( 34 kar3I) aura siddhacakra (RSabha ) sta0 (5 kar3I) kA ullekha zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne kiyA hai kintu kavi kA vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| pArzvanAtha vinatI kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : * 'varasaha lAkha igyAra, indrii pAsa jiNa pUjiA, koi na jANai pAra, Agai se anAgatA / ' 1. DaoN0 premasAgara jaina- hindI jaina bhakti kAvya pR0 72 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jaina gu0 kavi bhAga 3 pR0 578

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366 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai :__ 'pAsa taNau parimANa, par3hai guNai je sAMbhalai, tIha dhari nitu suvihANu, cirakAlai caiU bhaNai / 34 / ' 'RSabha stotra' kI bhASA adhika saMgItamaya hai, yathA :-- 'iya risaha jiNesara bhuvaNa diNesara, tijaya vijaya siripAla paho, nayaNAhiya sAmiya sivagaya gAmiya, maNaha maNoraha pUrimaho / 5 / ' catubha ja-Apane saM0 1576 meM 'bhramara gItA' likhA jo 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai / nAma isakA phAgu nahIM hai kintu anta meM 'zrI kRSNa gopI viraha melApaka phAgu' likhA hai / isakA chandabandha bhI phAgu jaisA hI hai / kavitA meM isakA racanA kAla isa prakAra hai 'chihutari kIdhu chUTavA meTavA zrI bhagavAna' ke AdhAra para zrI sAMDesarA ne isakA racanAkAla saM0 1576 nizcaya kiyA hai / yaha racanA bhAgavata ke dazama skandha ke anusAra racita uddhava saMdeza jaisI hai / uddhava vraja se gopiyoM kA premapUrNa upAlambha sunakara lauTe aura bhAva vihvala hokara unakI dazA kA mArmika varNana zrI kRSNa se kiyA; yaha saba isameM bar3e sarasa DhaMga se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| kavi bhale aprasiddha hoM kintu racanA kAvyatva kI dRSTi se uttama hai / jUnI gujarAtI yA marugurjara meM bhIma kRta rasika gItA, brahmadeva kRta bhramara gItA aura dayArAma kRta . premarasa gItA Adi meM uddhava prasaMga varNita hai kintu ye phAgu nahIM haiN| prAcIna phAga saMgraha meM saMkalita jJAnagItA ke alAvA anya racanAoM neminAtha bhramara gItA, pArzvanAtha rAjagItA tathA yazovijayakRta jaMbUsvAmI brahmagItA Adi se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki isa prakAra ke phAgu kAvya kI zailI isa viSaya para pahale se jaina sAhitya meM pracalita thii| phAgu ke prArambha meM madanamurArI kI vaMdanA aura gopiyoM kI viraha-kAtaratA sUcita kI gaI hai / akra ra kRSNa ko ratha para baiThAkara mathurA cale, gopiyA~ vilakha kara kahatI haiM ki yaha akrUra bar3A krUra hai, yathA 'akra ra nahIM e krU ra pApI bhAvyu aciMtyu zobhA saMtApI, kriNa ma jAu amha kaMTha kAMpI vilavilai viruhiNI viraha vyApI / neha upAyu ti pahalare, badala karavA cheha, jala binA kima rahai mAchalI, jIva binA tima deha / 16 / ' uddhava ke vraja Ane para gopiyA~ daur3a par3I, kavi kahatA hai :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 pR. 553

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 367 'sundarI sarva vyApAra chAr3I, pUchavA kiNNa nI bAta maaNddii|' aura bolIM ki kRSNa mathurA jAkara hama logoM ko bhUla gaye, to uddhava bole sarva niraMtara zaraSu re niraSu tumheM nija nAtha, iNi pari mAdhava prAmisiu uddhava kahi jor3I hAtha / uddhava gopiyoM ke prema meM dIkSita ho vApasa lauTe, kaMThAvarodha ho gayA, kevala saMketa se hI bahuta kucha kaha sake / rAsa kA antima chaMda isa prakAra hai :chihattari kIdhU chaTavA meTavA zrI bhagavAna, koDi kanyA paraNAvii je phala hui samAni / zlokA aThasaThi tIratha avadhAna, hematulA puruSa bhUmidAna / bhAvi gAiM je nara tehA~ toli, bhaNai caturbhuja vedavyAsa bolai / / candraprabhasUri -Apane saM0 1501 meM 'sudarzana zreSThi rAsa yA prabandha' likhA / 225 chaMdoM ke isa rAsa ke kartA ke sambandha meM pratyantaroM meM pAThabheda pAyA jAtA hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne isa rAsa kA kartA tapAgacchIya munisundarasUri ke ziSya saMghavimala yA zubhazIla ko mAnA hai| usakA AdhAra yaha paMkti hai 'tapAgacchI guru gautama samAe mA0 zrI munisundara sari'; kintu bIkAnera ke bahad jJAna bhaMDAra meM upalabdha isa rAsa kI prati meM yaha paMkti milatI hai--'candragacchI goyama samAe mA0 zrI cndrprbhsuuri'| zrI nAhaTA jI isI ke AdhAra para ise candraprabha kI racanA mAnate haiN| zrI desAI kahIM isakA kartA saMghavimala yA zubhazIla ko batAte haiM aura kisI prati ke AdhAra para melo saMghavI' ko kartA kahate haiN| unhoMne kaI nAma dekara una para praznavAcaka cihna lagA diyA hai| isalie yahA~ zrI nAhaTA jI ke AdhAra para kartA kA nAma candraprabhasUri rakhA gayA hai| rAsa kA carita nAyaka sudarzana seTha apanI zIlaniSThA ke kAraNa bar3A prasiddha hai / usane nAnA kaSTa sahakara bhI para strI gamana ko kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| usake zIla ke kAraNa zUlI bhI siMhAsana bana gaI / kavi zIla kA mAhAtmya bakhAnatA huA rAsa isa prakAra samApta karatA hai : 'zIla prabandha jo sAMbhalai amAlhaMDa taDe, nara nArIya te dhanna, su0 sudarzana riSi kevalI a, mA0 catuvidhi saMgha prasanna, suNi su / '255 / 1. prAcIna phAga saMgraha (saM0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA) pR0 93 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 42-43, bhAga 3 pR0 455 3. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 56

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368 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakA prArambha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : 'pahilaU praNa misu anukramiiM a, jiNavara cauvIsa, pachai zAsana devatA a tIha nAmaU sIsa / samarIa sAmiNi sAradA a, sAnidhi saMbhArauM / Agai pAlauM pratipanU a, kavi siUM akA hruu|' rAsa kA racanA kAla isa prakAra ullikhita hai : 'saMvata panara akAttarai mA, jeThai cauthi vizuddhi, su0' kavi munisundarasUri ko guru batAtA hai-(dezAI ke pAThAnusAra) 'tapagachi guru goyama samA o mA0 zrI munisundarasUri, su0 nAmai sarva siddhi saMpajai mA0, duriya paNAsai dUri su0 // 48 // yaha 16vIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka kI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai aura kAvyatva kI dRSTi se bhI vicAraNIya hai kintu isake kartA kA nirNaya honA zeSa hai| isakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / __candrakIti -Apane 'zrI kItiratna sUri gIta' likhA hai jo 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai| bhASA ke namUne ke lie isakI do paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM : 'bhUta preta Dara bhara nAvai, jaMjAla sabe dUraiM jAvaI, gaNi candrakIrti guru guNa gAvai, zrI kIrtiratnasUri dhyAvai / 18 / ' isameM kavi ne apane guru zrI kIrtiratna sUri kI kIrti kA varNana sarala marugurjara bhASA meM kiyA hai| candralAbha -AMcalagacchIya kavi the| Apane saM0 1572 meM 'cataHparvI rAsa' likhaa| zrI desAI ne mAtra racanA kA ullekha kiyA hai; na to usase koI uddharaNa diyA hai aura na kavi ke sambandha meM koI sUcanA hI diyA hai| cArucandra-Apa kharataragacchIya prasiddha vidvAn jayasAgara upAdhyAya ke praziSya evaM bhaktilAbha AdhyAya ke ziSya the| inhoMne marugurjara meM anekoM racanAyeM kI haiM jinameM uttamakumAracarita, haribala caupaI saM0 1581, 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 1 pR0 42-43, bhAga 3 pR0 455 2. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha 3. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jaina gurjara kavi bhAga 3 pRSTha 570 .

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24 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 369 nandana maNihAra saMdhi saM0 1587, ratisAra kevalI caupaI, mahAbala malayasundarI rAsa (515 gAthA), paMcatIrthI stavana saM0 1598 aura yugamaMdhara gIta ullekhanIya haiN| inakI nandanamaNihAra saMdhi, ratisAra caupaI aura mahAbala rAsa kI pratiyA~ zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA jI ke saMgraha meM haiN| 'nandana maNihAra saMdhi' kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye :'vIra jiNesara caraNa namevi, saMdhi vaMdhi samarisu saMkhevi, zrI sudharma gaNadhara jima bhAkhai, jaMbU gaNadhara timavali daakhi| jJAtAdharma kathA taNai, terama ajjhayaNi naMdamaNiyAra cariu bhaNIyau / guru kA smaraNa aura racanAkAla ina paMktiyoM meM hai : 'uvajjhAyavara zrI bhagati lAbhai, sIsa viraci ati bhlii|' x racanAkAla-'saMvata panaraha asI Upari sAta adhika bachare, gaNi cArucandre lahiya pustaka mAsa phAguNa manahare / - isa uddharaNa se inakI bhASA zailI kA vijJa jana anumAna kara skeNge| inakI racanAoM meM kucha rAsa haiM jinameM kevalI ratisAra, malaya sundarI, uttama kumAra Adi kI kathA ke mAdhyama se dharmopadeza diyA gayA hai aura kucha stavana tathA stotra Adi haiM / chohala -Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke bahucarcita kavi haiN| inakA varNana rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke itihAsa granthoM meM to hai hI, hindI ke prasiddha sAhityetihAsakAra A0 rAmacandra zukla, mizrabandhu, DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA, DaoN. zivaprasAda siMha, DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI aura DaoN0premasAgara jaina Adi vidvAnoM ne bhI apane itihAsa granthoM meM kiyA hai| inakI 'paMcasahelI' aura 'bAvanI' nAmaka racanAyeM ati prasiddha haiN| Apa rAjasthAnI kavi haiM kintu inake nivAsa sthAna Adi kA nizcita jAnakArI nahIM hai / inakI bhASA ke AdhAra para inheM zekhAvaTI yA DhDhAr3a ke AsapAsa kA nivAsI samajhA jAtA hai| ye digambara zrAvaka the| 'laghabeli' meM inhoMne jinadharma kI mahattA kA varNana kiyA hai kintu patA nahIM kyoM zrI desAI ne inheM jainetara kaviyoM meM / rakhA hai / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA--- rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla, paramparA pR0 65 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jaina ga0 ka0 bhAga 3 pa0 577-578 3. vahI, khaNDa 250 2126

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa inake pitA zrI nAthU jI nAlDiMga vaMzIya agravAla the / bAvanI meM unhoMne isakA ullekha kiyA hai, yathA 'nAlhiga vaMzi nAtha sutanu agaravAla kula pragaTa ravi, bAvanI vasudhA vistarI kavi kaMkaNa chIhala kvi|' 53 / inakI chaha racanAoM kA vivaraNa prApta hai-(1) paMcasahelIgIta, (2) bAvanI, (3) paMthIgIta, (4) beligIta, (5) vairAgyagIta aura (6) gIta / paMcasahelI kavi ke yuvAvasthA kI atyanta zRGgArarasapUrNa sarasa racanA hai| isameM pA~ca saheliyA~ jo mAlina, chIpana, sonArina, tambolina aura kalA. lina jAti kI haiM, apanI duHkha kathA paraspara eka dUsare se kahatI haiM / na ve gAtI-nAcatI haiM, na bAteM karatI haiM, na nainoM meM kAjala, na mukha meM tambola, na gale meM hAra, na koI zRGgAra; rUkhe keza, maile kapar3oM meM baiThI lambI-lambI sA~se letI rahatI haiM, yathA 'tina mahi paMca saheliyAM nAcai gAvai na hasai, nA mukhabolai bol| nayananha kAjala nA dIu, nA gali pahindohAra, mukha tambola na khAiyA, nA kichu kiyA siMgAra / ' ityAdi pAMcoM kI pahale sAmAnya avasthA batAkara phira kavi eka-eka kI kathAvyathA unakI jubAnI kahalAtA hai| pahale mAlina kahatI hai, yathA :'pahilI bolI mAlanI mujhako duHkha ananta, bAlai yauvana chADikai calyu disAvari kaMtu / nisadina bahavai pavAla jyunayanaha nIra apAra: virahau mAlI dukkha kA, sUbhara bharayA kivAra / kamala vadana kumalAiyA, sUkhI sukha vanarai, vAjhU pIyArai eka khina, varasa barAvari jAi / tana taravara phala lAgiyA, dui nAriMga bharapUra, sUkhana lagA viraha jhala, sIMcanahArA dUri / ' isI prakAra tambolina, chIpana Adi bhI apane dustara viraha samudra kA ro-rokara varNana karatI hai jise sunakara kavi bhI bar3A duHkhI huA aura vipralaMbha kAvya kI racanA huii| kramazaH varSARtu AyI, pravAsI pati vApasa lauTe / punaH pAMcoM sakhiyAM Apasa meM miliiN| isa bAra ve ha~satI, gAtI aura nAnA zRGgAra kie hue 1. DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla-bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi pR0 125

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maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya 371 ati prasanna thIM / unake yauvana kI kyArI meM bahAra A gaI thI / unake isa pakSa kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai. ' mAlina kA mukha phUla jyauM bahuta vigAsa karei, prema sahita guMjAra kari pIya madhuka rasa lei / colI khola tambolanI kADhyA gAtra apAra, raMga kIyA bahu prIya su nayana milAi tAra // 59 // isa prakAra isameM zRMgAra ke saMyoga aura viyoga donoM pakSoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / isakI racanA phAlguna sudi pUrNimA saM0 1575 ta huI / usa dina madanotsava ( holikA parva ) manAyA jAtA hai / yaha racanA usake mAdaka vAtAvaraNa ke anukUla likhI gaI hai / isakI bhASA ke sambandha meM DaoN0 zivaprasAda siMha ne likhA hai ki yaha vrajabhASA hai kintu isa para mAravAr3Iya rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva adhika hai / anta meM ve svayaM bhI kahate haiM ki 'paMcasahelI rI bAta' kI bhASA rAjasthAnI mizrita brajabhASA hai / " yaha atyanta lokapriya kRti hai aura rAjasthAna ke aneka bhaMDAroM meM isakI nAnA pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM / bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se yaha eka utkRSTa racanA hai kintu isameM jaina darzana yA dharma kI chApa nahIM hai / sambhavataH isalie zrI desAI ne inheM jainetara mAna liyA hai / bAvanI - isameM nIti upadeza hai / isa para saMskRta ke subhASitoM kA prabhAva prakaTa hotA hai / jaina vidvAn bAvanI saMjJaka kAvya Arambha se likhate rahe haiM / prastuta bAvanI meM 53 chaMda nAgarAkSaroM ke krama se nibaddha haiM / prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt pAMca indriyoM meM ulajhe manuSya kI machalI, hAthI, hiraNa, bha~varA aura pataMga se tulanA karatA huA kavi kahatA hai 'nAda zravaNa dhAvanta tajai mRga prANa tattaSSiNa, indrI parasa gayaMda vAsa ali marai vicaSSaNa | rasanA svAda vilaggi mIna vajjhai dekhantA, loyaNa lubudha pataMga paDai pAvaka peSantA / mRga mIna bhaMvara kuMjara pataMga e saba viNAsai ivakI, chIhala kahai re loyi indI rAkhau appa vasi | 2 1. DaoN. ziva prasAda siMha, sUrapUrvaM brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya pR0 170-171 2. DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla - kavi bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi pR0 131 /

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372 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa racanAkAla aura anya vivaraNa ina paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai :'caurAsI aggalA sai ju pana raha saMvacchara, sukula paSSa aSTamI mAsa kAtiga guruvaasr| hRdaya u.panI buddhi nAma thI guru ko lIno, sArada tamai pasAi kavitta saMpUraNa kInho / ' yaha bhI atizaya lokapriya racanA hai aura isakI bhI aneka pratiyA~ prApta hotI haiM / 'vairAgya gIta' meM mAnava ko jIvana meM acche kArya karane kI -preraNA dI gaI hai| bacapana aura yauvana ke nikala jAne para vRddhAvasthA meM jaba mRtyu AtI hai taba manuSya hAtha malane lagatA hai; isalie samaya rahate acche kama kara lenA cAhiye / 'udaragIta' meM kavi kahatA hai ki yadi sArA jIvana udara pUrti meM hI vyatIta kara diyA to yaha janma vyartha ho gayA / ise hI vairAgya gIta bhI kahA gayA hai| paMthI gIta 6 padyoM kI aura beligIta kula 4 padyoM kI choTI-choTI racanAyeM haiN| vairAgya yA udara gIta bhI cAra padyoM kI hI racanA hai / anta meM 6 kar3I kA eka gIta bhI rAga soraThA meM upalabdha hai|' inakI kRtiyA~ rAjasthAnI (purAnI hindI) marugurjara kI mahattvapUrNa racanAyeM haiM jinameM naitika zikSA, dharma, AdhyAtma ke sAtha laukika prema, zRMgAra Adi kA yathAvasara bar3A ramaNIya varNana kiyA gayA hai| Azcarya hai ki inheM desAI jI ne jainetara ke sAtha hI 'hIna zreNi' kA kavi kahA hai| lagatA hai ki unhoMne isa kavi kI sabhI kRtiyoM ko binA dekhe hI yaha dhAraNA banA lI yA usake laukika zRgAra Adi ke kAraNa unheM kavi se virakti huI ho| parantu sAhitya ke itihAsa grantha meM sAhitya tattva kisI prakAra upekSaNIya nahIM ho sakatA aura na itihAsakAra kisI prakAra kA pUrvAgraha rakhakara hI cala sakatA hai| isalie chIhala kI racanAoM ke AdhAra para unake malyAMkana kI AvazyakatA ko dekhate hue yaha vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / (bhaTTAraka) jayakIti-ApakA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha hai| inakI racanAyeM 'bhavadeva caritra' aura 'pArzva bhavAntara ke chanda' jina guTakoM meM prApta hue haiM ve 16vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke likhe hue haiM / ye rAmakIrti ke guru aura 'chaMdAnuzAsana' ke kartA jayakIti se bhinna haiM / ve saMskRta ke vidvAn the jabaki prastuta jayakIrti kI racanAyeM marugurjara meM likhI gaI haiM / ukta do racanAoM ke alAvA 'brahmacarya upadeza mAlA' 1. DA0 0 0 kAsalIvAla- mahAkavi bucarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi. pR0 131

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya nAmaka eka anya racanA bhI inakI kahI jAtI hai| aitihAsika jaina kA saMgraha meM jayakIti ke do gIta saMkalita haiM jinake guru zrI kIrtiratnasUri haiM donoM gItoM meM jayakIti ne apane guru kI prazasti kI hai| inameM e. gIta kI do paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM :-- 'sadguru guNa pAra na pAvai, munijana vara bhAvanA bhAvai ho, jayakIrti sadA guNa bole, sadguru guNa koi na tole ho|' ina gItoM kI bhASA prAyaH hindI hI hai| yadi inhIM jayakIrti ka.. likhI 'pArzva bhavAntara chanda' bhI ho to ye donoM eka hI vyakti ho skte| haiM aura inake guru kIrtiratnasUri ho sakate haiN| candrakIrti ne bhI zrI kIrti ratnasUri gIta likhA hai / zAyada candrakIrti aura jayakIrti gurubhAI hoN| yaha racanA bhI ai0 jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| kItiratna ke ziSya kalyANacandra ne bhI kIrti ratna vivAhalu aura kIrtiratna caupai likhA hai jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki kIrti ratnasUri 16vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM upasthita the / ataH yaha kavi bhI 16vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke hoNge| munijayalAla -ApakI racanA 'vimalanAtha stavana' jisa guTake meM nibaddha hai vaha saM0 1626 kI likhita hai, isase isakA racanAkAla 16vIM zatAbdI anumAnita hai / racanA meM racanA kA samaya, sthAna Adi vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai| vimalanAtha stavana 13veM tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha kI vairATapura (jayapura) meM pratiSThita pratimA ko lakSya karake likhA gayA stavana hai| isa stavana kI bhASA meM sahaja pravAha evaM geyatA hai| bhASA meM rAjasthAnI prayoga kA anupAta adhika hai| udAharaNArtha kucha paMktiyAM uddha ta kI jA rahI haiM : 'vairATipuri zrI vimala jinavara sayala ridhi sidhi dAyago, imi thuNiu bhattihi niyai sattihi, te ramar3a jiNi nAyako / zrI sayala saMghaha karaNa maMgala, duriya pApa nikaMdaNo, zrI jayalAla muNiMda jaMpai, dehi nANa sudaMsaNo / ' jayamandira-Apa bar3atapagacchIya zrI jayaprabha ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1592 meM traMbAvatI meM 'tejasAra caupai' nAmaka kAvyakRti taiyAra kii| isa racanA kA zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne kevala nAmollekha kiyA hai| anya vivaraNa anupalabdha hai| 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 596

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3974 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jayarAja-Apa pauNimA gacchIya municandra suri ke ziSya the| ApakI siddha racanA 'matsyodara rAsa' saM0 1553 meM likhI gii| rAsa ke prArambha kavi ne arihaMta aura sarasvatI kI vaMdanA kI hai, yathA : 'deva arihaMta deva arihaMta siddha praNamevi / AcArija uvajhAya savi. namu sAdhu sarasati sAmiNi / kaviyaNa jaNa mukha maMDaNI, dei buddhi vara haMsagAminI, macchodara sukha pAmIA, puNya taNai pramANi / duHkha pAmyA te sAMbhalu aMtarAya phala jANi / / rAsa ke anta meM kavi ne guru paramparA aura racanAkAla kA ullekha kiyA hai, yathA :-- _ 'pUnima gacchi municandrasUri rAja, tAsu sIsa jaMpai jairAja panara tripanna kIdhu rAsa, bhaNai guNai teha pari Asa / '2 municandrasUri bhImapallIya pUrNimAgaccha meM cAritrasundarasUri ke paTTadhara the| inake dhAtu pratimA-lekhoM se inakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha siddha hotA hai / isa rAsa meM pUrvArddha taka caupai chanda kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhASA marugUrjara hai| bhASA aura abhivyaJjanA zailI ke namUne ke taura para aMtima cAra paMktiyAM uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM : o rAsa bhaNaisii kAni suNisii puNyanA phala jANisii / dhanadi kIdhAM dharmakAraNi aMtarAi ttaalsiiN| cupai nai vaMdhai kIdhu rAsa matsyodara taNa, harSa UlaTa hIi ANi, bhavIya eka manAM suNu / 161 / zrI jayavallabha-pUrNimAgacchIya AcArya mANikyacandrasUri Apake guru the| Apane saM0 1577 meM 'zrAvakavata rAsa' (59 kar3I); sthUlabhadra vAsaThIo (63 gAthA), 'dhannA aNagArano rAsa' aura 'nemi paramAnanda beli' nAmaka kAvya kRtiyA~ likhIM / inakA paricaya Age prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| 'zrAvaka vrata rAsa' yA gRhI dharma rAsa kA viSaya to usake nAma se hI spaSTa hai / isakA maMgalAcaraNa isa prakAra prArambha huA hai : "paNamIya vIra jiNaMda deva samarIya guru goyama, pabhaNisa samakita mUlasAra zrAvaka vrata ima / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 1 pR0 94 2. vahI, bhAga 3 pR0 523 / :

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya pahilu thUla prANAtipAta viramaNa vrata bhaNIi, vIjuM thUla alIya vayaNa parihAra suthuNIi |9| 2 isakA racanA kAla kavi ne isa prakAra batAyA hai :"jIva jIva bhaMga kacha o, sivasuha mUla suramaM panara sittohatara liddha mai, suguru pAsa gihadhamma / " 2 'sthUlabhadra bAsaThIo' - racanA ke prArambha meM mA~ zAradA kI prArthanA karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : 'mRganayaNI re zazivayaNI sArada namUM, diu vANI re vANI tumhanai paya namU, vinavIya re namIyai guru goyamavalI, mati mAMgu re lAMgu sahiguru payalalI | isameM sthUlabhadra kA Adarza caritra vAsaThIo nAmaka navIna kAvya vidhA meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / isake anta kI paMktiyA~ dekhiye : "atihi dukkara hikara kahai munivara suNIsoha muNIzvarA, caurAsI cauvIsI jaM lagi nAma mahIyala vistaryAM / zrI mANika sundara sUri sIsai, bhaNai jayavallabha varo, zrI thUlabhadra sujANa suMdara saMgha cauveha sukhakaro / 63 / 3 'nemi paramAnanda veli - yaha beli nAmaka vizeSa kAvya vidhA meM 'nemi' ke AkarSaka vyaktitva para AdhArita racanA hai / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM -- 'giri girinAri sohAmaNo re, pAkhali phiratA vanna, jasu siri svAmI yAdavavaMzI, sohai sAyala vanna re hIyaulA heri re nemi jI nAma melhi paramANa darasa veli re, hRdaya kamala tuM jheli re, upazama raMga ja reli re, nemi0 14 isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM " zrI jaivalabhu munIzvara navai suNasu nemi jiNaMda, doi kara jor3I sevA torI, mAMgU valI valI eha re / 48 / 375 -: Apane aneka lokapriya caritroM aura vidhAoM jaise beli, vAsaThIo, rAsa Adi meM 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 2. vahI, bhAga 3 khaNDa 2, pR0 1491 3. vahI, bhAga 3 pR0 517 4. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 133 5. vahI, pR0 133 viSayoM para navIna kAvyamarugurjara bhASA-sAhitya kA khaNDa 1 pR0 517

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376 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zrIvardhana kiyA hai| uddha ta udAharaNoM se spaSTa huA hogA ki ApakA maru. gurjara bhASA para acchA adhikAra thaa| inakI racanAoM meM kAvyatva ausata darje kA hai, kintu vistAra adhika hai / jayavijaya - tapAgacchIya AcArya hemavimala sUri ke Apa praziSya aura Ananda vimala sUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1564 meM 'munipati cau0' varakANA meM likhA / isa racanA meM munipati kA caritra aura AcAra Avazyaka-bhASya ke AdhAra para vaNita hai| kavi ne likhA hai : "zrI Avazyaka nai AdhAra, munivai carIya raciU vicAra / ' isameM racanA sambandhI sabhI Avazyaka vivaraNa upalabdha haiN| guruparamparA ke sambandha meM kavi ne likhA hai, yathA "bhaNai guNai nai je sAbhalai, teha taNai manavaMchita phalai / tapAgacha zrI guruudayavaMta, zrI hemavimala surajayavaMta / "sIsa saromaNi ati udayavaMta, paMDita ANaMda zubha guNavaMta, tasa pasAya aha caritra, maNipati ke ru pUnya pavitra / " racanAkAla- "panaraha sai causaTha samai, AsomAsa mAhA amI amai, dasamInau dena guruvAra candradhanesurI ne AdhAra / " sthAna- 'vArikANi vAru mati dIdha, taU paripUrNa huI saMmadha / ' antima paMktiyoM meM kavi ne apanA nAma isa prakAra diyA hai "je bhaNai bhavIyaNa sUNau, zravaNai guNai gAr3hai gAjatai, te lahe lachI phalai a vaMchIti, 'jayavejaya' vadhAvatai / 23 / " maniyoM ke saMyamapUrNa AcAra-vyavahAra kA vidhi-vidhAna karane vAlI isa upadezaparaka racanA meM svabhAvataH kAvyasauSThava kI tarapha kavi kA dhyAna nahIM rahA hai ataH ise sAmpradAyika sAhitya hI samajhanA caahiye| isakI bhASA meM hindI prayoga kI bahulatA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki 16vIM zatI meM bhI hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI meM adhika bhASAgata vaiSamya nahIM thaa| jayAnanda-ApakI racanA 'DholA mAru kI vArtA-dohAbaddha' (442 dUhA) rAjasthAna kI atyanta lokapriya premakathA DholAmAru para AdhArita hai| isakA racanAkAla saM0 1530 vaizAkha vadI guruvAra hai| racanA ke kucha prArambhika dohe bhASA evaM bhAva ke namUne ke rUpa meM uddhRta kie jA rahe haiM:-- 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI.-jai* gu0 kavi bhAga 3 pR0 542

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 377 'pUgala piMgala rAva, nala rAjA naravarai nayara, adIThA aNadIThA, saggai daiva sNyoge| piMgala UMcAlo kiyo, gayo naravara te desa, piMgala desa dukAla thayo, kiNahI bAva vizeSa / nalarAjA Adara diyo jo rAjaviyAM joga, desavAsa sahi rAvalA 9 ghor3A log| naravara nala rAjA taNo, DholokUmara anapa, rANI rAva piMgala taNI rIjhI dekhe rUpa / piMgala putrI padmiNI mAravaNI te sunAma, josI joya vicAriyo dhana vidhAtA kAma // 5 / ' kathA Age bar3hatI hai / piMgalarAva kI rAnI ne naravara ke rAjA nala ke kumAra DholA ko apanI kanyA ke lie pasanda kiyaa| yaha kathA bhI anya premakathAko tamAma taraha maMjileM pAra karatI hai; taba anta meM kavi kahatA hai : ANaMda ati ucchava huvo naravara vAjyA Dhola, sasanehI saiNAM taNAM kala meM rahiyA bola / 440 / yaha premakathA mukhya rUpa se dohe meM aura kahIM-kahIM gAthA, soraThA jaise choTe mAtrika chaMdoM meM kahI gaI hai| kavi ne likhA hai : "dahA gAhA soraThA mana vikasaNAM bakhAMNa / aNajANI mUrakha haMsa, rIjhai catura sujANa / 441 / yaha kathA mAravAr3a kI hai aura isakI bhASA meM bhI mAravAr3I (rAjasthAnI) kI pradhAnatA hai| dohoM meM yatra-tatra madhura bhAva bar3e kAvyAtmaka paddhati se vyakta kiye gaye haiM / ataH rAjasthAnI bhASA aura kAvyatva kI dRSTi se yaha kRti manISiyoM ke adhyayana kI uttama sAmagrI prastuta karatI hai| jayahemaziSya-(ajJAta) isa kavi kI kRti 'cittaur3a caitya paripATI' (43 kar3I) eka aitihAsika aura prakAzita racanA hai / jayahema hemavimala sUri ke ziSya the| tapAgacchIya AcArya hemavimala sUri ko AcArya pada saM0 1548 meM prApta haA thA aura saM0 1568 meM unakA svargavAsa ho gayA thA, ataH yaha racanA 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka kI ho sakatI hai| isakA prArambhika padya Age prastuta hai : 'goyama gaNahara rAya pAya paMkaya paNamevI, haMsagamaNi mRgaloyaNI sarasati samarevi; 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA--jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 124-125

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37 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pAo lAgInaI vInavu a diu mujha mati mADI, citrakoTa nayaraha taNI o racau caitya prvaaddii|' isa racanA kI antima paMktiyA~ nimnAMkita haiM :-- "siri tavagacha nAyaka siva sukhadAyaka hemavimala sUriMdavarA, tAsu sIsa sukhAkara guNamaNi Agara labadhi mUrati paMDita pravarA / jaya hema paMDitavara vidyA suraguru sevIjai anudina caraNa, sevakagana bolai amiaha tolai haraSiiM haraSa suhakaraNa / 43 / bhASA kI dRSTi se prastuta racanA praur3ha pratIta hotI hai, vastutaH pravADI (paripATI) stotra, stavana Adi kI bhASA aura zailI aba taka sthira ho calI thI, ataH isa prakAra kI prAyaH sabhI racanAoM meM eka jaisI laya pradhAna bhASA zailI kA prayoga milatA hai| __ bhaTTAraka jinacandra-Apa isa zatAbdI ke eka prasiddha digambara jaina santa the| ApakI bhaTTAraka gaddI dillI meM thI lekina Apa vahA~ se sampUrNa rAjasthAna kA bhramaNa karate aura sAhitya tathA saMskRti kA pracAra-prasAra karate theN| Apake guru kA nAma zubhacandra thaa| saM0 1507 meM bha0 zubhacandra ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt unakI gaddI para ApakA paTTAbhiSeka bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha huA thaa| Apake pitA vadheravAla jAti ke zrAvaka the| inhoMne 12 varSa kI avasthA meM gRhatyAga kara bha0 zubhacandra kI ziSyatA svIkAra kI aura khUba zAstrAbhyAsa kiyaa| inhoMne svayaM pustakeM likhIM aura anya pustakoM kI pratiyA~ likhavAI tathA unakI surakSA kA sundara prabandha kiyaa| __ApakI likhI huI do racanAyeM-'siddhAntasAra aura jina caturviMzati stotra' prApta haiM jisameM se prathama to prAkRta kA grantha hai aura stotra saMskRta kI racanA hai jisameM 24 tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti kI gaI hai| isa prakAra aba taka inakI likhI marugurjara kI koI racanA prApta nahIM ho sakI hai| kintu inhoMne jaina sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi aura dharma kI prabhAvanA ke lie bar3A mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| brahmajinadAsa-Apa prasiddha bhaTTAraka sakalakIti ke anuja aura ziSya the| Apake vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para zodha karane vAle vidvAn DaoN0 premacanda raoNvakA ne ApakA samaya vi0 saM0 1450 se 1530 taka nizcita kiyA 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 3 pR0 637 2. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya hai|' ukta assI varSoM meM se yadi prArambhika bIsa varSa nikAla diyA jAya to ApakA racanAkAla 60 varSoM kA ThaharatA hai| Apa 15vIM zatAbdI ke aMtima aura 16vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa ke kavi haiM / ApakI sabala racanA rAmarAsa kA samaya phA0 kAmila bulke, viNTaranitja aura nAthUrAma premI Adi vidvAnoM ne saM0 1508 nizcita kiyA hai, isalie inakI praur3ha racanAoM kA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI meM Ane ke kAraNa inakA vivaraNa 16vIM zatAbdI ke kaviyoM ke sAtha diyA jA rahA hai / vikrama kI 14vIM se 16vIM zatAbdI taka kA do sau varSa bhArata meM dhArmika krAnti kA kAla thA aura sAhitya kA svarNakAla ginA jAtA hai| isa kAla ko mahimA maMDita karane vAle kRtI saMtoM meM brahmajinadAsa kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| Apa hindI ke prasiddha kavi vidyApati evaM saMta kabIra ke samakAlIna the| brahma jinadAsa ne apane guru sakalakIti ke netRtva meM saMcAlita aneka saMgha yAtrAyeM kI thI aura svayaM kaI yAtrAoM aura pratiSThAoM kA netRtva kiyA thaa| Apake sAhitya meM dharma kA udAtta svarUpa citrita huA hai| ApakA mukhya sthAna DUgarapura ke AsapAsa kA bAMgar3a kSetra thA / bAgar3a pradeza hindI kSetra se lagA hone ke kAraNa isa kSetra kI bhASA hindI ke adhika karIba hai| isa samaya loka bhASAoM meM rAmAnanda, kabIra, nAnaka, jJAnadeva, nAmadeva, vidyApati, lokAzAha Adi santoM aura kaviyoM ne apane-apane kSetra meM sAhitya-sRjana prArambha kara diyA thaa| usa samaya ina saMtoM kI eka sAmAnya kAvya bhASA pracalita thI jisameM thor3A prAdezika antara thaa| hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI meM abhI bhI bar3A pharka nahIM par3A thaa| DaoN0 premacanda ne likhA hai 'jaina sAdhuoM ne apanI lokabhASA marugurjara meM AkhyAna evaM sAhitya ke mAdhyama se donoM pradezoM meM ekatA banAye rakhane kA sundara prayAsa kiyaa| isI prakAra DaoN0 madanakumAra jAnI ne apane graMtha 'rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta ke madhyakAlIna bhakta kavi' meM likhA hai ki gujarAtI evaM mAravAr3I donoM ke dhvanitattva aura rUpatattva kA aitihAsika aura tulanAtmaka vivecana karane para kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye donoM bhASAyeM eka mAM kI do beTiyA~ haiN| inake svatantra vikAsa ke pUrva inakA sammilita ekarUpa marugurjara meM hI milatA hai| brahma jinadAsa kI kAvya bhASA isa kathana kA jvalanta pramANa hai| ____ kavi paricaya-jinadAsa nAmaka pAMca jaina vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA 1. DaoN. premacanda raoNvakA-mahAkavi brahmajinadAsa, vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 2. vahI, pR0 10

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380 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai| inameM se paM0 jinadAsa Ayurveda ke vidvAn the aura saM0 1608 meM inhoMne holI reNukA caritra likhA thaa| pANDeya jinadAsa ne jo brahmazAntidAsa ke ziSya the, jambU svAmI caritra, jogI rAso, mAlI rAso Adi likhA / ye bhI 17vIM zatAbdI ke kavi Thaharate haiN| tIsare jinadAsa bhI 17vIM zatAbdI ke marAThI jaina kavi the| cauthe jinadAsa 19vIM zatAbdI ke kavi aura paM0 lakSmIsAgara ke ziSya haiN| ina sabase bhinna prastuta pAMcaveM brahmajinadAsa haiM / inhoMne marugurjara meM jise ye dezabhASA kahate haiM, kAphI sAhitya likhA hai| bha0 sakalakIrti para zodha karane vAle vidvAn DaoN0 bihArIlAla jaina jinadAsa kA janma saM0 1425 mAnate haiM kintu DaoN0 kAsalIvAla Adi vidvAn inakI janmatithi saM0 1450 ke AsapAsa mAnate haiM kyoMki Apa bha0 sakala kIrti ke anuja the aura bha0 sakalakIrti kI janmatithi saM0 1443 svIkRta hai / inake pitA haMbar3a vaMzIya digambara jaina zrI karamasiMha the| inakI mAtA kA nAma zobhA thaa| Apane apane agraja sakalakIti kI dekha rekha meM dIkSA aura zikSA prApta kii| kahIM-kahIM guru rUpa meM Apane bhuvanakIrti kA bhI sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai| inakI nidhana tithi bhI anizcita hai kintu harivaMza purANa saM0 1520 meM likhA gayA isalie inakI matyU saM0 1520 ke bAda hI kisI samaya huI hogii| isa prakAra saM0 1450 se saM0 1530 taka ApakI Ayu anumAnita hai| racanA sUcI- isa avadhi meM Apane vipula sAhitya likhA jisameM purANa kAvya, carita kAvya, kathAkAvya Adi kaI taraha kI racanAyeM milatI haiM / purANa kAvya ke antargata AdinAtha rAsa, rAmarAsa, harivaMzapurANa rAsa, carita kAvya meM ajita jinesara rAsa, hanumanta rAsa, sukamAla rAsa, nAgakumAra rAsa, cArudatta rAsa, sudarzana rAsa, jIvandhara svAmI rAsa, jaMbUsvAmI rAsa, zreNika rAsa, dhanyakumAra rAsa, zrIpAla rAsa, yazodhara rAsa, bhaviSyadatta rAsa aura kathAkAvya ke antargata ambikAdevIrAsa, rohiNIrAsa, rAtribhojana rAsa, sagaracakravartI kathA, gautamasvAmIrAsa, bhadrabAhurAsa, samakita aSTAMga kathA rAsa, sAsaravAsAko rAsa, holI rAsa, mahAyajJa vidyAdhara kathA, dharmaparIkSA rAsa, vaMkacUla rAsa, ravivrata kathA, puSpAMjali rAsa, AkAza paMcamI kathA, dasa lakSaNa vrata kathA rAsa, solaha kAraNa vrata rAsa, ananta vrata rAsa, purandara vidhAna kathA, jyeSTha jinavara pUjana kathA, lubdhadatta vinayavatI kathA, sukAnta sAha, mAliNI pUjA kathA, maMDuka kI pUjA kathA, dAnakathA;

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 381 rUpaka kAvyoM meM paramahaMsa rAsa, dharmataru gIta aura cUnar3I gIta tathA gItoM meM bAraha vrata gIta, pratimA gyAraha kA rAsa, caudaha guNa sthAnaka rAsa, aThAvIsa mula guNa rAsa, dvAdazAnuprekSA, karma vipAka rAsa, samakita mithyAta rAsa, nijamani sabodhana, jIvar3A gIta, zarIra saphala gIta aura AdinAtha vInatI, jyeSTha jiNavara lahAna, jiNavara pUjA helI, tIna caubIsI vInatI, paMca parameSThI guNa varNana rAsa, mithyA dukkar3a vInatI, pUjA gIta, giranAri dhavala, caurAsI jAtimAlA, guru jayamAla aura gaurIbhAsa Adi upalabdha haiN| ina racanAoM meM nAnA prakAra ke kAvyarUpa-prabandha, khaNDa kAvya, muktaka, geya, pAThya Adi sabhI kA prayoga huA hai / isameM sarvAdhika rAsa, gIta aura bhAsa Adi haiN| Apane saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura hindI meM likhA hai kintu rAjasthAnI gujarAtI hindI usa samaya alaga-alaga nahIM thI balki eka thI, DaoN0 sunIti kumAra cATuA ne likhA hai 'usa samaya taka gujarAtI, aura rAjasthAnI bhinna bhinna na hokara marugurjara nAma se eka hI bhASA thii|' DaoN0 madana kumAra jAnI kahate haiM ki '16vIM zatAbdI taka gujarAta aura rAjasthAna donoM pradezoM kI bhASA meM sAmya hone ke aneka yuktiyukta pramANa milate haiN| inakI aba taka kula prApta 86 racanAoM meM se 1 prAkRta, 15 saMskRta aura zeSa 70 marugUrjara kI racanAye haiM isa prakAra 16vIM zatAbdI meM marugurjara ke ye mahAkavi siddha hote haiN| inakI kucha pramukha racanAoM kA paricaya Age prastuta hai| Adi purANa-isakA AdhAra saMskRta kA AdipurANa hai| isameM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna AdinAtha kA pAvana caritra aMkita hai| kozala kI mahArAnI ne svapna dekhA, phalataH prathama tIrthaMkara kA janma huA 'svapna phali ati ruvaDo, putra hose tamhacaMga, tIrthaMkara raliyAvaNo tribhuvana mAMhi uttaMga / ' inakI sunandA aura sumaMgalA nAmaka rAniyoM se kramazaH bharata aura bAhubali nAmaka putra hue / Adi jinezvara ne hI asi, masi, kRSi, vANijya, zilpa vidyA Adi SaTkarma kI sarvaprathama zikSA dI aura putroM ke bar3e hone para ayodhyA kA rAjya bharata ko aura podanapura kA bAhubali ko sauMpA aura apsarA nIlajanA kI mRtyu se virakta ho ghora tapa karake saMyamapUrvaka nirvANa prApta kiyA / Apane jagat ko saMdeza diyA :1. DaoN0 su0 ku0 cATurjA-rAjasthAnI bhASA pR0 45 2. DaoN. madana kumAra jAnI- rAja0 evaM guja0 ke madhya santa evaM bhakta kaki pR0 23

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382 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'e saMsAra asAra guNa hINa, karama vaMdha jIva jo marINa / jAmaNa maraNa jarA dukha ghaNA, sajana vIyoga saMjoga nahIM maNA / / 'zrI Adi jiNesara Adi jiNesara pAya praNamesu. sarasati svAmiNI bali tava buddhi sArahuM mAgu niramala' nIlajaMnA ke nidhana para AdinAtha ko vairAgya huA, kavi likhatA hai : 'bhamarI dInhIM tihAM ruvaDI, apacharA tINavAra, ApU chaTo tIhAM jIva gayo dharaNi paDi niradhAra / sevA nImavI ghaTI gai adiSTa huI khINa mAhi, sabhA sayala ANaMda huvo eka eka mukha cAhi / rAsa kI antima paMktiyAM dekhiye : zrI sakalakIrati guru praNamIni bhuvanakIrati bhavatAra, brahma jinadAsa kahe sAra niramalo rAsa kiyo me sAra / '3 inakI 70 racanAoM kA paricaya dene ke lie svatantra grantha kI AvazyakatA hogI isalie do cAra vizeSa uddharaNa Age prastuta kie jaayeNge| rAmarAsa-AThaveM balabhadra maryAdA puruSottama rAma ke ujjvala caritra para AdhArita brahmajinadAsa kA yaha sabase bar3A rAsa grantha hai| AdinAtha ko pArane ke samaya ikSarasa pAna karAne ke kAraNa inake vaMza kA nAma ikSvAku vaMza pdd'aa| isa vaMza ke rAjA dazaratha ke putra rAma kI kathA aura unakI jainadharma ke prati AsthA isa bRhad rAsa kA viSaya hai / isakA maMgalAcaraNa isa prakAra huA hai :'vIra jiNavara vIra jiNavara pAMya praNamesu, sarasati svAmiNI valI ta, have buddhisAra hu vegi mAMgau / sItA dvArA rAma ke varaNa ke avasara para kavi kahatA hai : 'sItA mana AnaMdIyo kaMThi DAlI varamAla, caMdra rohiNI jimasohiyA mohiyA te guNamAla / rAsa kI antima paMktiyAM dekhiye :'rAsa kIyo rAsa kIyo atimanohara, aneka kathA guNi Agalo rAma taNo suNo sAra niramala / 1. DaoN0 premacanda raoNvakA-mahAkavi brahma jinadAsa pR0 38 2. vahI, pR0 365

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya ekacitta karI saMbhalIe bhAva dharavi manamAMhi ujvala, zrI sakalakIrati pAya praNamI ne brahmajiNadAsa bhaNe sAra / par3he guNe je sAMbhale tehane puNya apAra / " " harivaMzapurANa rAsa bhI tIna hajAra chaMdoM kI bRhad racanA hai / isakA dUsarA nAma nemIzvara rAsa bhI hai / isakI racanA saM0 1520 meM huI / isameM mi aura kRSNa kI kathA ke sAtha jIva jIvAdi tatvoM kA vivecana, dvArakA dahana, kRSNa mRtyu Adi kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai / ajita jinesara - dUsare tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha ke jIvana para AdhArita 300 chandoM kI racanA hai / isameM unake paMca kalyANakoM kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM vastu, dUhA, bhAsa Adi chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / racanA samaya ajJAta hai / hanumaMta rAsa - rAma ke sAtha aura alaga bhI hanumaMta bhAratIya jana jIvana ke jAne mAne paurANika pAtra haiM / jainadharma meM inakI gaNanA zreSTha puruSoM meM kI jAtI hai| unhIM para AdhArita yaha 728 chaMdoM kA rAsa hai / 383 rAsa kA adhikAMza bhAga pavana aura aMjanA kI kathA para AdhArita hai jisakA mUlAdhAra saMskRta kA padmapurANa hai / isameM hanumaMta kI kharadUSaNa kI bhAMjI se zAdI bhI dikhAI gaI hai aura anta meM apanA rAjapATa ve apane putra makaradhvaja ko sauMpa kara svayaM jinazAsana svIkAra kara mukta hote haiM / hanumaMtarAsa meM rAjakanyAoM kI prApti kA varNana kavi ne isa prakAra kiyA hai nIla mahAnIla kI ruvaDIe, beTIya vodhIe caMga to, rUpa sobhAge AgalIe, madanAvalI mane raMgi to | 2 isake alAvA sukumAla, nAgakumAra, cArudatta, sudarzana, zreNika Adi sabhI prasiddha caritroM kI racanA karane ke alAvA brahmajinadAsa ne rAtri bhojanarAsa likhakara rAtri bhojana kI hAni ke prati cetAvanI dI hai / sAsara vAsA ko rAsa meM putrI ke sasurAla jAne aura gRhiNI dharma ke pAlana karane kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai / dharmaparIkSArAsa meM dharma kA marma samajhAyA gayA hai / nAnA prakAra ke vrata, anuSThAna, pUjA pATha Adi para pracura gIta Apane likhe haiM / 1. DaoN0 premacanda raoNvakA - mahAkavi brahma jinadAsa pR 39 40 2 . vahI pR0 381

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384 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa __ jainadharma AtmA kI ananta zakti meM vizvAsa karatA hai / usakI mAnyatA hai ki karmoM kA tapadvArA kSaya karake AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| isalie aise tapaHpUta caritroM para AdhArita rAsa likhane kI prathA cala par3I hai| ina rAsoM meM nAnA prakAra ke varNanoM, laukika, alaukika pAtroM, ghaTanAoM aura kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM ke sAtha sabhI rasoM kA yathAvasara upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| zAntarasa ko sarvopari sthAna diyA jAtA hai kyoMki sAdhaka ke lie yahI rasa hitakara kahA gayA hai| 'yatra na sukhaM na dukhaM na dvaSo napi matsaraH, samaH sarvabhUteSu sa zAMtaH prathitorasaH / ' ataH ina kAvya racanAoM ke pUrvArddha kA rAga uttarArdha meM pahuMcakara vairAgya meM badala jAtA hai| AdinAtha ko nIlAMjanA kI mRtyu dekhakara, ajitanAtha ko ulkApAta dekhakara, neminAtha ko pazuoM kA krandana sunakara vairAgya hotA hai / isI prakAra sabhI rAsoM meM kathA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA hai| bhASA-ApakA mukhya kSetra rAjasthAna gujarAta kA sImAvartI sthAna IDara, DUgarapura, bAMsavAr3A aura bAgar3a prAnta thA / yahA~ kI bhASA marugurjara thii| hindI yA purAnI hindI meM rAjasthAnI ke sAtha gujarAtI ke zabda apanAye jA rahe the isakA pramANa brahma jinadAsa aura bAgar3a pradeza ke anya jaina kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM milatA hai| marugurjara yA purAnI hindI usa kSetra kI lokabhASA thI, ataH jana sAmAnya ke hita ke lie sarala janabhASA meM racanA karanA inakA lakSya thaa| unhoMne AdinAtha rAsa meM bhASA ke sambandha meM svayaM likhA hai : 'kaThina nAlIya ne dIji bAlaka hAthi, te svAda na jANe, cholyA kelyAM drAkha dIje, te guNa bahu mAne / tIma e Adi pUrANasAra desabhASA bakhANa, pragaTa guNa jIma vistare jiNa sAsaNa bkhaannu|' desa bhASA ke prati anurAga hone para bhI saMskRta ke vidvAn hone ke kAraNa ye tatsama prayogoM se baca nahIM pAye haiM / yathA --ajJAna timirahara jJAna divAkara, par3hai guNai je jJAna dhaNI, brahma jiNadAsa bhAse vibudha prakAse mana vaMchita bala buddhi dhnnii|

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 385 ____ alaMkAroM meM rUpaka, anuprAsa, dRSTAMta para ApakA Agraha adhika hai| unhoMne kAvya kRtiyoM ko saMvAda, praznottara, varNana Adi dvArA rocaka banAyA hai| ___ chaMdoM meM dUhA, caupai, vastu, DhAla, bhAsa Adi nAnA chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| inake kAvya meM tatkAlIna samAja ke aneka spaSTa citra milate haiM aura bahuta sI mahatvapUrNa rAjanaitika sUcanAyeM milatI haiM / Apake gItoM meM paryApta geyatA hai / 'udAharaNArtha 'dharmataru gIta' kA eka uddharaNa prastuta hai : "bhava taru sIce ho mAliyA, tihi tari cyAri DAla, cuhu DAlI phala juvA te phala rAkhai kAla / re prANI tU kAina cetahi / " brahmajinadAsa ke sambandha meM paryApta jAnakArI zrI mo0 da0 desAI ke jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 150 53, bhAga 3 pR0 476 se 482 taka upalabdha hai / zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne apane nibandha rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla' 'paramparA' pR0 67 para unakI 27 racanAoM kI sUcI dI hai| DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ne rAjasthAna ke jainasaMta' meM inakA vivaraNa pR0 22 se 39 taka diyA hai / lekhaka ina sabhI vidvAnoM se sUcanAyeM prApta kara sakA hai| isake atirikta nimnAMkita racanAyeM bhI mahAkavi ke sambandha meM Avazyaka jAnakArI ke lie avalokanIya haiM : (1) bha0 sakalakIti vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DA0 bihArIlAla jaina (2) bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna-DA0 hIrAlAla jaina (3) rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta ke madhyakAlIna saMta evaM bhakta kavi DA0 madanakumAra jaanii| (4) rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya-DA0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI (5) hindI kAvya dhArA--mahApaMDita rAhula (6) rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya-DA0 motIlAla menaariyaa| jinavaddhana-saM0 1515 ke AsapAsa Apane 'dhannArAsa kI racanA kii| ApakI eka anya prakAzita racanA 'upadezakAraka kakko' kA 1. DaoN0 premacanda raoNvakA-mahAkavi brahma jinadAsa p0 418-420 2. zrI mo0 da. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 51

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386 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhI ullekha zrI desAI ne kiyA hai kintu ina racanAoM kA vivaraNa/uddharaNa prApta nahIM hai| jinasAdhusUri-Apa bRhad tapAgacchIya jinaratnasUri ke paTTadhara the / Apane saM0 1550 ke AsapAsa 'bharata bAhubali rAsa' kI racanA kii| isakI pratilipi svayaM lekhaka ne kI hai| racanA kA prArambha isa prakAra hai : 'bhaTTa Adi jiNesarassa sayalaM, sohagga lacchI karaM, sukhaM kavakila sAmIuM, payadiNaM devidavadI padyaM / zrI siddhata nivAsiNI sarasai niccaM phuraM mANase, saMtuThA jinarayaNa sUri guruNo pAyA sadAmoM suhaM // " isa rAsa meM bharata cakravartI aura bAhubalI kI prasiddha kathA 323 padyoM meM varNita hai / isakI bhASA meM apabhraMza kI jhalaka kahIM-kahIM mila jAtI hai / isalie yaha tatkAlIna bolacAla kI bhASA kA nahIM balki rUr3ha kAvyabhASA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| racanA kI antima paMktiyoM meM racanA sambandhI kucha sUcanAyeM haiM-yathA, 'pUravaruoM nayara samaddha sahaAlA pUru maMDANa, jinavaru zrI nemIsa durita tamobhara khNddnnuo| teha taNa lahIya pasAu raciurAsa jaya jaya guru, paMDita varu zrI sAdhukIti paya praNamI gunnsaagru|' anta meM bharata ko siddhi prApta haI, kavi kahatA hai :-- 'UhApoha vicAratAM bharata rAU zrI jJAnivarIu, jina zAsani jayavanta cira sAdhu veSa suradatta dharIuM / par3hama cakkAhiva zrI bharata krami krami pAmiu siddhi, zrI jinasAdhu sUrIrasa kahai bhaNaMtA ucchava riddhi / 300 / devI sarasvatI kI vandanA meM bhASA sambandhI rUr3hi nirvAha kA udAharaNa dekhiye : 'nIyamaNi sevaka saMbhArattIya, maNavaMchita devaiM bhArattIya, kara jor3I mAMgU bhArattIya sAmajha vapaNi vasu bhArattIya / / A0 jinasena-Apa bha0 yazaHkIrti ke ziSya the| ApakI eka kRti 'neminAtha rAsa' upalabdha hai jo saM0 1558 meM javAcha nagara meM likhI gaI 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-je0 ga0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 519-520 2. vahI bhAga 3 pR0 519-520 3. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 387 thI / usa nagara meM 16veM tIrthaGkara zAntinAtha kA caityAlaya thA; vahIM yaha rAma likhA gayA thA / isa rAta ke 93 chandoM meM neminAtha kA janma, vivAha ke samaya vairAgyodaya aura tana tathA kaivalya prApti Adi pramukha ghaTanAoM kI jhalaka milatI hai / yaha marugurjara bhASA kI acchI racanA hai| Age isakA maMgalAcaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : ' sArada sAmiNi mAMgu mAne, tujha calaNe citta lAgU dhyAne, avirala akSara Alu dAne, mujha mUrakha mani avi zAMti re / gAUM rAsa raliyAmaNu re, yAdava nAM kula maMDaNa sAra re, na ma nemIzvara jANijyo re, tasu guNa puhuti na lAbhi pArare / rAjamatI vara rUyaDU re navaTa bhavaMtara magIya bhUntare, dazami duradhara tapa lIure, ATha karma caumI ANu antare / " racanAkAla aura sthAna kA nirdeza isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai :'candravANa saMvacchara kIji, paMcANu puNya pAsi dIji, mAgha sudi paMcamI bhaNIjI guruvAri siddha yoga ThavIji, jAvacha nayara jagi jANai re, tIrthaMkara valI kahIi sAra re, zAMtinAtha tihA~ solamure, kasyu rAma teha bhavaNa majhAra re / 93 / 2 nemi rAjula kI lokapriya kathA para AdhArita yaha laghurAsa nRtya aura saMgIta kI saMbhAvanAoM se pUrNa tathA loka pracalita bhASA zailI meM likhA hone ke kAraNa sAhityika mahatva kA hai / isakI antima paMktiyoM meM kavi ne apane guru kA sAdara vandana kiyA hai, yathA : 'zrI yaza kI rati sUrIni sUrIzvara kahIi, mahIyali mahimApArana lahIre, tAtarUpavara varasi nita vANI, sarasa sakomala amIya rUpANIre / tAsa calaNeM cita lAiure, gAiu rAi apUraba rAsa re, jinasena mugati karIde, tehanA vayaNa taNau valIvAsare / ' digambara kaviyoM kI bhASA meM tatkAlIna kAvya bhASA ke sAtha hindI ke prati vizeSa jhukAva dikhAI par3atA hai / jinahara -- ? racanAkAra kA nAma zaMkAspada hai kintu inake para jo racanA pracalita hai vaha nirvivAda hai / racanA kA nAma hai - 'vikrama varitra paMca daMDa copai' / yaha saM0 1556 vaizAkhasudI 2 ko pAMca khaMDoM meM likhI gaI / 1. DaoN0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla - rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pR0 186 2 . vahI

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380 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isake prathama aura dvitIya khaMDa meM 93, tRtIya meM 73, caturtha meM 48 aurapaMcamakhaMDa meM 112 chaMda haiN| zrI mo0 da0 desAI kA anumAna hai ki jiNahara kA artha jinagRha hai, yaha kisI kavi kA nAma nahIM hai| inake vicAra se isa racanA kA kavi ajJAta hai| isa sambandha meM yaha paMkti vicAraNIya hai : 'guru kaheM kAma nahi dhaneM, vikrama kahiM se Apyu maneM, teNe ghane ne karAvyu siMdha, UMkArapure jiNahara raMgi / 110 // isa paMkti meM jiNahara zabda kavi ke nAma ke rUpa meM prayukta nahIM pratIta hotA hai / isa rAsa meM mAlavA ke rAjA vikramAditya kA vRttAnta vaNita hai| rAsa kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'jayu jayu pAsa jIrAulau jagamaMDaNa jinacaMda, jAsa pasAiM pAmIi nitunituparamANaMda / varakANai jANai sahU trevIsamau jiNesa, jehataNI sahUi, bahai ANajisI parisesa / pAlhaNapuravara maMDaNaU vAjA devi malhAra, pAsanAma puhavI tilau sIddhau pAlha vihaar|' racanAkAla kA nirdeza karatA huA kavi kahatA hai: 'vikramanA guNa hiaui dharI, paMcadaMDa chatrahanucarI, panara chapannaha mAsi vaizAkhi, kIdhu vIjai dhulai pAkhi / ' (brahma) jIvaMdhara-Apa bha0 somakIti ke praziSya evaM yazaHkIti ke ziSya the| somakIrti kASThAsaMgha kI nandItaTa zAkhA ke santa the| saM0 1518 meM racita eka aitihAsika paTTAvalI meM inhoMne apane Apako kASThAsaMgha kA 87 vA~ bhaTTAraka likhA hai| Apa acche lekhaka the| Apane pradyumnacarita (saM0 1531), saptavyasana kathA (1526) Adi racanAyeM kI haiM, isa AdhAra para jIvaMdhara kA samaya 16vIM zatI kA antima caraNa honA cAhiye / inakI abataka eka hI kRti 'guNaThANA veli' prApta ho pAI hai| isameM kula 28 chanda haiM / isakI bhASA zailI ke namUne ke rUpa meM antima chanda uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : 'caudi guNaThANAM suNyA je bhaNyA zrI jinarAijI, suranara vidyAdhara sabhA pUjIya vaMdIya pAya jI, 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 99-100 aura bhAga 3pR0 525-26 2. vahI 3. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 389 pAya pUjI manahara jI bharata rAjA saMcar2yA, ayodhyApurI rAjakaravA sayala sajjana paravarayA / vidyA gaNavara udaya bhUpara nitya pragaTana mAskara, bhaTTArakayazakIrati sevaka bhaNiya brahma jIvaMdhara / 22 / / isa beli kI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva adhika hai| isakI eka prati mahAvIra bhavana, jayapura meM saMgrahIta hai| jIvarAja-isa kavi ke sambandha meM jairAja yA jayarAja kA vivaraNa dekhA jaaye| Dugara-ApakI racanA neminAtha phAga (gA0 26) saM0 1535 meM likhI gaI thii| yaha prakAzita racanA hai / isakA prathama chanda isa prakAra hai : 'are toraNi vAlama Aviu, yAdava kerau caMda, ahe pazaa dekhi ratha cAliU dihi disi haU chaviMda / ' nemi vivAha ke lie toraNadvAra taka jAkara vahA~ badhe pazuoM ko dekha vApasa lauTa pdd'e| prastuta bArahamAsA yahIM se prArambha hotA hai / isameM rAjImatI ke viraha pUrNa bAraha mahInoM kA varNana hai| isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : 'ahe rAjimati siUM rAimai, puhutI siddhi zilAya, DuMgara svAmI gAitAM, aphalyAM phUlai tAha / 26 / / zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne isa chaMda ko antima nahIM kahA hai| ve isameM kula 28 chaMda batAte haiM / unake anusAra antima chaMda nimnAMkita hai :-. 'nayaNA nehu bhare gayau, sunemikumAra, revaiyA giri siri caDIyau, lIdhau saMjamabhAru / 28 / ThakurasI-Apake pitA ghelha svayaM kavi the| ve cAMTasu nivAsI khaNDelavAla digambara jaina zrAvaka the| unakI do racanAyeM 'buddhi prakAza' aura 'vizAlakIti gIta' upalabdha haiM / ataH ThakurasI ko kAvya guNa paitRka sampatti ke rUpa meM prApta huA thaa| inakI aba taka 15 uttama kRtiyoM kA patA cala cukA hai| ve nimnAMkita haiM :-- 1. DaoN0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pu0 188 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 492 3. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 103 -

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390 maru-gurjara jona sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pArzvanAtha zakuna sattAvIsI saM0 1578, kRpaNa chaMda saM0 1580, meghamAlA kahA, paMcendriya veli, saM0 1585, sImaMdhara stavana, nemi rAjamatI beli, cintAmaNi jayamAla, jina cauvIsI, zIlagIta, pArzvanAthastavana, saptavyasana SaTpada, RSabhadAsa gIta aura kavitta / inameM se meghamAlAkahA apabhraMza bhASA meM racita hai zeSa sabhI marugurjara kI kRtiyAM haiN| isa prakAra ye marugUrjara ke prasiddha aura uttama kavi haiN| inakA ullekha prAyaH sabhI itihAsa granthoM meM milatA hai| nAthUrAma premI, kAmatA prasAda jaina, paramAnanda zAstrI, DaoN. zivaprasAda siMha, DA0 premasAgara jaina Adi ne apane granthoM meM inakA vivaraNa diyA hai| ThakurasI dUDhAhaDa pradezIya the aura meghamAlAkahA meM svayaM apane ko ukta pradezIya batAyA bhI hai| ataH inakI bhASA para DhaDhANI bhASA kA prabhAva sarvAdhika hai / Age inakI kucha racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya evaM kucha uddharaNa die jA rahe haiN| 'nemi rAjamatI beli' paddhar3iyA chanda meM nemirAjula kI madhura kathA hai / isameM 10 dohe aura 5 paddhaDiyA chanda haiM / nemi kI sundaratA kA varNana kavi ne ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai :-- 'kavi kahai suniya dhaNu dhaNu, jasu paraNai eha madaNu, iNi paritiya aNekka payArA, bahu karihiti kAma vikaaraa| jiNu tava iNa diThi de bole, nAuM meha pavana bhaiDole / 5 / / kavi ne anta meM apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai :-- kavi ghelha sutanu ThAkurasI, kie nemi su jasi mati sarasI, naranAri jAko nita gAvai, jo cita so phala pAvai / 20 / ' paMcendriya beli-inakI prasiddha aura sarasa kAvya kRti hai| isameM pAMca indriyoM kI vAsanA aura usase utpanna vikRtiyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha beli saM0 1585 kArtika zukla 13 ko sampUrNa huI thii| _ 'saMvata pandraha se piccAse terasi sudI kAtiga mAse / ' 1. DA0 0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-kavivara bucarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi pR0 242 2. vahI 3. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 391 isameM eka-eka indriya kI vAsanA aura tajjanya duHkha ko udAharaNa dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai jaise sparzendriya ke udAharaNa svarUpa kAmAtura hAthI kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : 'vana taruvara phala khAtu phiri paya pIvato suchaMda, parasaNa indrI prariyo, baha dukha sahai gayanda / bahu dukha sahai gayando, tasu ho gaI mati maMdo, kAgaja ke kujara kAje, paDi khAMDa sakyau na bhAje / '' isI prakAra rasanendriya 'iha rasanA ke rasa tAi, nara musai bApa guru bhAI / ' Adi jIvanta varNanoM-udAharaNoM dvArA viSayAsakti ke prati udAsInatA utpanna karane kA uttama prayatna kiyA hai| pAMca pratIkoM dvArA mAnava ko cetAvanI detA huA kavi kahatA hai 'ali, gaja, mIna, pataMga, mRga eke kahi dukha dIgha / jara iti bho bho jihi vasi paMca na kiddha / ' sImaMdhara stavana-isameM kula 3 chappaya haiM jinake anta meM ThakurasI kI chApa hai| cintAmaNi jayamAlA kI bhASA para apabhraMza kA kucha prabhAva hai; yathA'iya vara jayamAlA guNaha visAlA ghelha sutanu ThAkura kahae, jo Naru siri sikkhai diNi riNi akkhai so suhaM maNavaM chiu lahae / 12 / kRpaNachaMda-35 chaMdoM kI vinodapUrNa racanA hai jisameM eka kRpaNa aura usakI patnI kI hAsya vinodapUrNa kathA hai / isakA prArambha dekhiye : kripaNu eku parasiddha nayara nivasaMti vilakSaNa, kahI karama saMjoga tAsu dhari nAri vicakkhaNa / ' isakA 35vAM chanda dekhiye : kahi kahai ThakurasI labhaNu mai paramatthu vicArayo, caramiyoM tyAha upajyo janamu jA yAcyo tiha haariyo|' pArzvanAthasakunasattAvIsI kA racanAkAla kavi ne isa prakAra batAyA hai :'ghelha NaMdaNu ThakurasI nAma, jiNa pAya paMkaya bhasalu teNa pAsa __thupakiya saco jvi| paMdarAsaya aThThataraI mAha mAsi siya pakha duijavi / 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-bU0 sa0 kavi, pR0 244.247

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392 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa caMpAvatI ke pArzvanAtha kI stuti meM yaha racanA likhI gaI hai / yaha stuti usa samaya kI gaI jaba ibrAhIma lodI dvArA raNathaMbhaura para AkramaNa huA, vahA~ kA tatkAlIna sthAnIya sAmaMta rAmacandra jo prajA kI rakSA meM asamartha thA, loga nagara chor3akara bhAgane lage, usI samaya vipatti se rakSA ke lie pUjApATha prArambha huA thA, kahate haiM ki pArzva prabhu kI kRpA se vipatti Tala gaI / ataH isakA sambandha eka pramukha aitihAsika ghaTanA se hai / 'pArzvanAtha jayamAlA' bhI caMpAvatI ke pArzvanAtha kA 11 padyoM meM stavana hI hai| isameM bhI pArzva bhagavAna kI bhakti se plAvita 11 uttama bhajana haiM / 'sapta vyasana SaTpada' meM juA, mAMsa-bhakSaNa, madyapAna, vezyAgamana, zikAra karanA, corI karanA, parastrI gamana nAmaka sAta vyasanoM kA doSa dikhAyA gayA hai aura inheM vajita batAkara tyAgane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isI prakAra 'vyasana prabandha' meM bhI inhIM sAta vyasanoM kI nindA kI gaI hai / zAyada usa samaya sapta vyasanoM se samAja adhika saMtrasta thaa| tabhI kavi ko do-do racanAyeM karanI pdd'ii| jUo se pANDava, madyapAna se yAdava, para strI gamana ke asura rAja rAvaNa kA samUla nAza ho gayA thA, kavi kahatA hai :_ 'ike visani kahi ThakurasI, narai nIcu naru duha sahai, jaha aMgi adhika acchahi visana tAha taNI gati ko kahai / ' 'jaina cauvIsI' meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA hai / 'RSabhadeva stavana' ke do antaroM meM 'RSabha' kA stavana hai / 'zIlagIta' meM brahmacarya kI mahimA aura usakI kasauTI para vizvAmitra Adi ko bhI kharA na utara pAne kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai / 'kavitta' meM vividha viSayaka chaha kavitta haiN| isa prakAra prakaTa hotA hai ki Apa prakRti pradatta pratibhA sampanna kavi the aura vividha prakAra kI racanAyeM karane meM siddhahasta the| dalha-Apane saM0 1537 meM 'vilhaNa carita caupai' likhii| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inheM jainetara kavi kahA hai| yaha racanA anya jaina kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM ke samAna jina yA tIrthaMkara kI vaMdanA se nahIM balki sIdhe gopAcala gaDha ke varNana se prArambha ho jAtI hai :--- 'gar3ha gopAcala agama athAha, tejataruNi tuMvara varanAha, seSayapAla amarapura iMdu, mahimaMDala kalyANa nariMdu / 1 / ' 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-ma* bUcarAja evaM samakAlIna kavi pR0 261-263 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 2013-14

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya rAjA prajApAlaka thA aura prajA dharma parAyaNa thI, vahA~ eka viSa dAmodara rahate the unake sambandha meM likhate hue kavi sarasvatI kA smaraNa karatA hai / kavi ne likhA hai ki isa kRti meM zRgAra, vIra Adi sabhI rasoM kA saghana varNana hai, yathA'ati siMgAra vIra rasaghaNI, karuNA, rodra bhayAnaka bhaNu, vilhaNacarita karani kari kahiuM, dukha sahi pAchaI sukha lahiU / 10 / ' isa prakAra vilhaNa kA bahu rasa-raMgI caritra citrita karake anta meM kavi kahatA hai : so phala saDhasaTha tIratha kII sophala dAna mahA sada dIiM jo phala para upagAra karata, so phala vilhaNa carita suNaMta / 30 / racanA kAla kI sUcanA detA huA kavi likhatA hai :-- ___ 'saMvata pana raha sai saitIsa, sudi vaisAkha dasai guru sIsa, Adi kathA saMkaTamai rahI, tAMjlaga dalha sumati kari khii|'' zrI desAI jI kA anumAna hai ki 'abhinava UjhaNu nAmaka khaMDa kAvya ke lekhaka dehala aura prastuta kavi dalha sambhavataH eka hI kavi haiN| dehala ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie zrI kezavarAma zAstrI kRta 'kavi carita' pRSTha 157 se 159 taka paThanIya hai / ___dAmodara (DAmara)-ye bhI jainetara kavi haiN| inakI racanA veNi vatsarAja rAsa vIvAhala meM pATaNa ke vatsarAja kA jIvana, unake vivAha Adi kA varNana hai / yaha vivAhala vivAha ke avasara para gAyA jAne vAlA gIna hai aura jaina muniyoM ke dIkSA ke avasara para saMyama zrI ke sAtha hone vAle rUpaka vivAha gItoM se bhinna hai| isake prArambha meM kavi sarasvatI kI vaMdanA karatA huA likhatA hai :'sarasati sAmiNI vInavU mAMgUya eka pasAya, battIsa lakSaNi guNi Agala gAisyu vaccharAu, teja nayara pATaNa bhalu amarAvatI samUhoi, mRtaloka vacharAja rAjii, avara na bIjU koi / ' anta meM apanA nAma aura jAti brAhmaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu racanAkAla nahIM diyA hai :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaNDa 2, pR0 2124 2. vahI pR0 2124-1225

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394 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa vInavai (dhyana dhyana) DAmara brAhmaNa re so, jINai gAyu vatsarAja rAure so| je koi gAi sAMbhalai so, tehanA sIjhai kAja re so, teha ghari hui nava nidhi re so|' dAmodara :- 16vIM zatAbdI meM bhI kucha kavi apabhraMza meM kAvya racanA kA prayAsa karate the| ve saprayAsa tatkAlIna pracalita bhASA ko chor3akara rUr3ha bhASA kA prayoga karate the| prastuta kavi dAmodara unhIM kaviyoM meM eka the / unhoMne 'siripAla cariu' likhA hai jise na hama apabhraMza kI aura na marugurjara kI racanA kaha sakate haiN| isameM caMpApura ke rAjA zrIpAla aura mainA sundarI kI kathA dI gaI hai / jaina sAhitya meM mainA sundarI kI kathA kAphI pracalita hai / isa kathA ke mAdhyama se siddhacakra ke mAhAtmya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| mainA sundarI ne apane kor3hI pati rAjA zrIpAla aura usake sAta sau sAthiyoM kA kuSTa roga siddhacakravrata ke anuSThAna aura jinabhakti kI dRr3hatA se dUra kiyA thaa| inakI apabhraMza meM likhI eka anya racanA 'nemiNAha cariu' meM neminAtha kA caritra citrita hai kintu isakI bhASA ke udAharaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM pratIta hotI, kyoMki yaha marugurjara kI racanA nahIM hai| Apa jaina kavi the aura zAyada bha0 jinacandra ke ziSya the| inake sambandha meM vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie paM0 paramAnanda jaina kRta 'jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha' pR0 119 draSTavya hai| depAla-Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha ke eka prasiddha kavi haiN| zrI RSabhadAsa ne apanI racanA kumArapAlarAsa (saM0 1670) meM anya prasiddha kaviyoM ke sAtha inakI bhI gaNanA kI hai yathA 'Age je moTA kavi rAya, tAsa bhAya caraNa raja RSabha raay| lAvaNya lIvo, khImo kharo, sakala kavinI kIrati karo, haMsarAja, vAcho depAla, bhAla hemanI buddhi vizAla / susAdhusamaro suracaMda, zItala bayana jima sArada caMda / ' kocara vyavahArI rAsa ke anusAra yaha kavi dillI ke prasiddha desalaharA, zAha samarA aura sAraMga kA Azrita thaa| zrI mo0 da0 desAI kA kahanA hai ki depAla samarA-sAraMga kA Azrita na hokara unake vaMzajoM kA Azrita 1. hindI sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 3 pR0 267 (nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI)

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 395 rahA hogA kyoMki unakA samaya 15vIM zatAbdI hai aura ApakI prasiddha racanA jaMbU svAmI caupai saM0 1522 meM likhI gaI hai| anya racanAyeM usake bAda kI haiM, isalie yA to devA depai aura depAla nAmaka do kavi hue hoM yA prastuta depAla kavi kI Ayu zatAdhika rahI ho| muni prabandha vijaya ke prabandha saMgraha meM sAha samarA ke putra sAco aura depAla kA sambandha batAyA gayA hai / depAla ke kathanAnusAra sAco ne ratna dekara gorI khAna ke yahA~ chipAI gaI 84 cAraNa putriyoM ko mukta karAyA thaa| depAla ne isa ghaTanA kA ullekha 'samarA-sAraMga kaDakhe' meM bhI kiyA hai 'sAraMga sonai iUM sara bUDho zatruja taNi, vaMdIjana vApai iaM piu piu karatA pAma o|'1 inake racanAoM kI sUcI nimnAMkita hai : jAvar3a bhAvar3a rAsa gAthA 93, rohiNIya prabandha rAsa gAthA 277, caMdana vAlA caupai 127 gA0, ArdrakumAra dhavala-sUr3a (zrI nAhaTA ne donoM ko eka racanA batAyA hai kintu desAI donoM ko do racanAyeM kahate haiM / ) thAvaccA kumAra bhAsa 18 gAthA, jaMbU svAmI caupai 279 gAthA (yaha inakI sarvAdhika prasiddha racanA samajhI jAtI hai| isakA racanAkAla saM0 1522 hai / ) abhaya kumAra zreNika rAsa 368 gAthA, bArabrata caupai saM0 1534, gAthA 341, puNya pApa phala cau0 368 gAthA, vajrasvAmI caupai, jIrAvallA pArzvanAtha rAsa 49 gAthA (prakAzita 'maru bhAratI') thUlibhadra kAvya '36 gAthA', snAtra pUjA' samarA sAraMga kar3akhA (prakAzita jaina yuga varSa 5), hariyAlI, manuSya bhava lAbha gIta 9 gAthA, navakAra prabandha 12 gAthA, kAyAveDI saMjjhAya / jIrAvalA rAsa bhI marubhAratI meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| ina racanAoM meM kavi meM nAnA prakAra ke kAvyarUpoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / inhone rAsa, suDa, caupai, dhavala, bhAsa, kAka, hariyAlI, gIta, kar3akhA, vivAhalA Adi bahuta se kAvya rUpoM kA prayoga karake kAvya ke viSaya-vastu aura abhivyanjanA prakAra meM vaividhya aura maulika sUjhabUjha kA paricaya diyA hai / inakI kucha pramukha racanAoM kA paricaya tathA bhASA zailI ke udAharaNa svarUpa thor3e se uddharaNa Age prastuta kie jA rahe haiN| sarvaprathama inakI sarvAdhika prasiddha racanA 'jaMbU svAmI paMcabhava varNana caupai' kA paricaya prastuta hai| yaha prabandha hai jisakI racanA saM0 1522 Azo zu0 15 ravivAra ko huii| isameM jaMbU svAmI kA jIvana caritra aura unake paMcabhavoM kA varNana hai| racanA kA prArambha gautama gaNadhara kI vaMdanA se huA hai, yathA :1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 58

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396 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa goyama gaNahara payanamI arAhisu arihaMta, hRdaya kamala ahanisa vasai bhava bhaMjaNa bhagavanta / bhavabhaMjana bhagavantanU ANa akhaMDa vahesi, sIla siromaNi guNa nilaU jaMbU kumara varNesu / ' isameM racanA kAla kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai :'saMvata panara bAbIsamaI ava, raci INai pUnimai / bhaNai guNai naranAri teha mani upazama rasa vasai / 178 / / sarvaprasiddha racanA ke bAda sabase choTI racanA kAyAber3I saMjjhAya' kI bhASA kA namUnA dekhiye :Adi--'kAyA ber3I kATa satta bedha aThi kor3I baMdha baaNdhii| nhAMnhA parahuNa dhaNA nigamyA, ati durlabha tulaaNdhii|' anta-'viveku khaMbhu jJAni paMjAri, nirukhilA dIDhulA sejeja svAmI, depAla bhaNai jiNu maMdiru pAmI, vadhAmaNI diu dhAmI / 5 / / sthUlibhadda kakkAvANI aura sthUlabhadra phAga nAmaka do racanAyeM sthUlabhadra ke caritra para AdhArita haiN| 'phAga' choTA kintu sundara kAvya hai, namUnA dekhiye : 'naMdau so sirI thUlibhadu je jugaha pahANo, bhaliyau jiNi jaga malla salla raivallaha mANo / isameM upamA, anuprAsa Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga draSTavya hai| caMdana vAlA caritra caupai meM kavi svayaM ko sukavi kahatA hai jo ThIka hI hai : 'caMdana vAlA carita guNa buddhimANa suvizAla, saMghataNai supasAUlii kahii sukavi depaal|' samyaktva vAravrata kulaka, snAtra pUjA Adi choTI racanAyeM sampradAya ke vrata niyama, pUjA paddhati Adi se sambandhita haiM / abhaya kumAra zreNika rAsa meM magadha ke mahArAja zreNika aura unake mantrI abhaya kumAra kA saMvAda hai jisake mAdhyama se rohaNiyA cora kI kathA kahI gaI hai| 'jAvar3a bhAvaDa rAsa' meM jAvar3a kA pAvana caritra citrita hai| puNya pApa phala (strI varNana) caupai kA prArambha saMskRta zloka se huyA hai isake antima bhAga ko kavi ne puNyodaya phala prabandha saptamI adhikAra kahA hai / isakI antima paMktiyAM dekhiye :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 kabhAga 1 pR0 40-41 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka. pR0 124

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 'aka sAdhammika vatsala karai, te strI trinhai pakSa uudhri| strIya taNAM chai asA caritra, paga melai tihAM bhui hui pavitra / kavi depAla strI varNavI saMkhevi, tumha prasanna mAtA maru devii|| pArzvanAtha jIrAullA rAsa meM depAla ne kavi kakkasUri kI vaMdanA kI hai| (hIyAlI) hariyAlI eka prakAra kA bujhauvala yA pahelI hai jisakA prayoga jaina kavi kAphI prAcIna kAla se karate rahe haiN| eka paMkti dekhiye :____ ' hariyAlI je nara jANe, mUrkha kavi depAla bkhaanno|' inakI anya choTI racanAyeM jaise 'navakAra prabandha' aura 'manuSya bhavalAbha' Adi gIta haiM / manuSya bhavalAbha kI do paMktiyAM prastuta haiM : 'dAna zIla tapa bhAvanA re, mana zuddhi pAlesu, depAla bhaNai hu savihu~ bhAgA, aMka baTAva kresu| bhASA ke sambandha meM zrI desAI jI kA mata hai ki isa para dillI kI bhASA kA prabhAva nagaNya hai; yaha vahI bhASA zailI hai jisameM anya marugurjara kaviyoM kI racanAyeM likhI gaI thii| ho sakatA hai kucha racanAyeM gujarAta meM likhI gaI hoM, una para gujarAtI kA prabhAva adhika ho kintu inakI racanAoM kI sAmAnya bhASA dillI rAjasthAna aura gujarAta kI bhASAoM ke mela se banI marugurjara hI hai / gurjara prabhAva ke lie samyaktva bArabata kulaka kI nimna paMktiyAM avalokanIya haiM : hU~ mUrakha matihINa, bhArI chu sahIya, hU~ narAvA jimakahU~ tisukaruM-nahIya, kima hu karU~ ajANa, jAMNU nahIM giyatthaviNa, guru viNa na huI pramANa, je boliuM majha mati taNU / 338 // ina vivaraNoM evaM uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki Apa saMskRta, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura hindI Adi bhASAoM ke acche jAnakAra the| ve nAnA prakAra ke kAvyarUpoM ke kuzala prayoktA the| vividha chanda, dezI DhAla, rAgarAginiyoM kA uttama upayoga karane meM samartha the| unheM alaMkAroM ke ucita prayoga kA jJAna thaa| unameM ve sabhI gUNa vartamAna the jo kisI ko uccakoTi kA kavi banAne ke lie apekSita haiN| unhoMne jaina samAja meM pracalita prAyaH sabhI loka prasiddha puruSa evaM nArI caritroM para AdhArita 1. zrI a0 ca, nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi, bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1487-88 2. zrI0 mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 451

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398 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa uttama racanAyeM pracura parimANa meM prastuta karake maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bhaNDAra sampanna kiyaa| isa prakAra bhAva, bhASA, kAvyatva aura dhArmika saMdeza kI dRSTi se depAla 16vIM zatAbdI ke samartha kavi siddha hote haiN| inake racanAoM kI sUcI zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke lekha 'rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla se liyA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai ki inakA abhI aura bhI sAhitya jJAna bhAMDAroM meM dabA par3A ho| isa dizA meM abhI zodha kI kAphI guMjAiza hai| devakalaza-Apa zvetAmbara upakeza gacchIya upAdhyAya devakumAra, karmasAgara, devakalolla ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1569 meM 'RSidattA caupai ( 301 gAthA ) likhI jisameM RSidattA kA zIla nirUpita kiyA gayA hai, kavi likhatA hai-- " prabandha riSidattA kareu, sIlataNau nIpana unaverau, chai paragaTa saMbandha / je naranArI bhAvaI maNisii, AMNImana UlaTa nitu suNisii, bhAva sakati bhrpuuri| sIla kA mAhAtmya bakhAnate hue kavi Age likhatA hai "sIlai subhamati Upajai, bhAgau Talai kalaMka, bIja taNai dininirmala u, hoi jisau haraNaMka / sIlai vali nizcala milai, uttama siMu saMbandha, sIlaI riSidattA taNau, bhaviyAM suNau prabandha / zIla kA mAhAtmya batAkara zIla kA Adarza svarUpa riSidattA kI kathA ke mAdhyama se kavi ne isa caupai meM prakaTa kiyA hai| kavi sajaga lagatA hai ki usakA kAvya korA upadeza paraka aura pracAra pradhAna na ho jAya isalie anya jaina lekhakoM kI taraha isane bhI zIla sambandhI upadeza ko kathA ke lokapriya aura AkarSaka AvaraNa meM AveSThita karake prastuta kiyA hai / riSidattA kA caritra jaina samAja meM suparicita aura AkarSaka hai| isa dhArmika kathA ke AdhAra para likhI isa kRti meM kahIM kahIM sundara kAvyatva kI jhalaka bhI milatI hai / siMharatha rAjA kI rAnI riSidattA ne apane zIladharma ke bala para siMharatha ke sAtha bhagavAna zItalanAtha kI janmabhUmi bhaddalapura meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| isakI bhASA para gujarAtI ko spaSTa chApa hai, 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA--paramparA pR0 58 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 120 bhAga 3 10 554-555

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 399 yathA "zItala jina janmai supavitra, bhaddila puravara chai pavitra, tihA AyA guru sAthi, kevala kIdhauM haathi|" racanA ke anta meM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA aura tatsambandhI aneka mahatvapUrNa sUcanAyeM ina paMktiyoM meM diyA hai "zrI uva asa gacha sigAra, vAcakavara zrI devakumAra, vidyA cavadaapAra / tAsU pATi uvajhAya karmasAgara, haA sarvaguNa maNi rayaNAgara, zAstra taNA aadhaar| tAsu pATi uvajhAyajayavaMta devakallola mahimAvaMta, dina dinate udivaMta / tAsU sIsa devakAlasai harasai, panarahasaya guNahattari varasai, raciu rasAla parabandha / devakIti-Apane saM0 1531 meM 'dhannAzAlibhadra rAsa' likhA jisakA ullekha zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne jaina gurjara kavi bhAga 1 pR0 60 tathA jaina sAhitya no itihAsa pR0 524 para kiyA hai kintu anya koI vivaraNa yA bhASA sambandhI uddharaNa Adi nahIM diyA hai| devaprabha gaNi-Ara somatilaka sUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1540 se pUrva 'kumArapAla rAsa' likhA / zrI desAI jI ne inake guru para praznavAcaka cihna lagA diyA hai aura nimnalikhita paMkti ke AdhAra para zrI vIrasiMha ko inakA guru honA saMbhava batAyA hai "sUrIsasisau vIrasiMha gurupAya pasAi, bahu devappaha gaNi vareNa raciu bhatti raaso|' __ lekina jaina gurjara kavi bhAga 3 meM jo pATha hai usase spaSTa somatilaka Apake guru pratIta hote haiM, yathA "dhamma visau jAM jagaha mAhiDUya niccala hoi, kumara rAyaha taNauM rAsa, naMdau tAM mahIpali, sUrIsara siri somatilaka guru pAya pasAi, buha devappahagaNivareNa raciu dUha raaso|" donoM pratiyoM ke antima bhAga meM pATha bheda hone ke kAraNa guru ke viSaya 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 120 2. vahI pR0 62

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400 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa meM zaMkA utpanna ho gaI hai| dUsarI prati senTrala lAibrerI baDodarA meM surakSita hai / isake anusAra isa rAsa kI antima paMktiyA~ nimnavat haiM 'paDhai guNai je suNai, rAsa jiNahara khelai, savihiM duriaha karia cheha, sivapura pAmei / ' isameM kumArapAla kA jIvana caritra aura usake zama prApti kA varNana sAdhAraNa marugurjara bhASA meM kiyA gayA hai| devaratna-Apa AgamagacchIya guNaratna sUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1513 ke AsapAsa 'gajasiMha kumAra rAsa' kI racanA kI thii| isa rAsa tathA rAsakAra ke sambandha meM vivaraNa ajJAta hai| eka anya devaratna sUri ho gaye haiM jinake kisI ziSya ne saM0 1499 meM devaratna sUri phAgu likhA thaa| saMbhavataH ve devaratna jayAnanda sUri ke ziSya the| ukta phAgu prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMcaya' meM prakAzita hai| devasundara---Apa jIrAulA gaccha ke zrI rAmakalaza sUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1594 meM 'kayavannA caupai' likhI aura saM0 1587 meM 'ASAr3ha bhUti saMjjhAya' likhA (zrI a0 ca0 nA0, jai0 ma0 gu0 pR0 16) kayavannA caupai meM kavi ne apanI racanA kA samaya aura apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai : 'saMgha sAnidhi zrI pAsa pasAi, nAma japaMtA navanidhi thaai| saMvata panaracorANusAra, mAgasara vadi sAtami guruvAra / racanAkAla-puSya nakSatra hU~ to siddha joga, kayavannA nI kathA no bhoga / ' guru kA smaraNa ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai'zrI jIrAuli gaccha guru jayavaMta, zrI zrI rAmakalaza sUri guNavaMta, vAcaka devasundara pabhaNaMti, bhaNai guNai te sUSa lahaMti / prastUta devasundara 16 vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ke kavi haiN| eka anya devasundara sUri 15 vIM zatAbdI meM ho gaye jinake kisI ziSya ne saM0 1440 ke AsapAsa 'kAkavaMdhi caupai' kI racanA kI thii| isakI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 497 2. zrI desAI jaina sAhitya no itihAsa pR0 523

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 401 daulatavijaya-Apa tapAgacchIya samati sAdhu kI paramparA meM zAnti vijaya ke ziSya the| Apane 'khumANarAsa' nAmaka prasiddha kAvya likhA jisakA ullekha AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne vIra gAthA kAla meM kiyA hai| yaha DiMgala kI prasiddha kRti mAnI jAtI hai| isa rAsa meM mAravAr3I prayogoM kI adhikatA hai| isameM cittaur3a ke rANA khumANa aura unake vaMzajoM kA varNana cAraNa paddhati meM kiyA gayA hai| isase lagatA hai ki jaina sAdha bhI darabArI kavi hote the| isake prArambha meM gaNeza kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| isa kAvya ke tIna khaMDa haiN| isakA maMgalAcaraNa isa prakAra prArambha huA hai : "OM aiM maMtra apAraM, sArada praNamAmi mAya suprasannaM / siddha Rddhi buddhi siraM pUraM varaveda paDipunna / varaveda putthahatthA vINAsuravaddha kamala karavimalA / haraNamI haMsaruDhA vijjA vaijaMtiyA mAlA / dahA-kamalavadana kamalAsanA, kaviura mukha ke pAsa, vase sadA vAgezvarI, vidhavidha kare vilAsa / gaNeza vaMdanA-zivasuta suThAlo sabala, seve sakala sureza, vidhana viDAraNa varadIyaNa gavarIputra gaNeza / ' kavi ne guru kA smaraNa nimna chanda meM kiyA hai:-- tapagaccha giruA gaNadhAra, sumati sAdhu vaMze sukhakAra, paMDita padmavijaya gururAya, pATodayagiri ravi kahevAya / jayabudha zAMtivijaya no ziSya, jape daulata manaha jagIza' yaha dvitIya khaMDa kI samApti kA chaMda hai| isakI bhASA kAvya guNa sampanna, alaMkRta evaM vIrabhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie ojaguNa pUrNa hai yathA: 'bhRkuTi caMda bhalahale. gaMga khalahale samujjala eka data ujjalo suDaMla ramavale iDaMgala / ' dhanadevagaNi-saM0 1502 meM Apane 'suraMgAmidhAna nemiphAga' nAmaka kAvya kI racanA kI, jo prAcIna phAgusaMgraha meM prakAzita hai / isa meM sarvaprathama 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, 50 1495 2. vahI ___ bhAga 1, pR0 165-166 3. vahI

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402 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saMskRta bhASA meM zArdUla vikrIDita chanda meM maMgalAcaraNa hai; usake bAda prAkRta bhASA meM sarasvatI kI vaMdanA hai| tatpazcAt marugurjara meM kAvya racanA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra tIna bhASAoM meM inase kucha pUrva somasundarasari ne 'neminAthanavarasaphAgu' likhA thaa| ho sakatA hai ki dhanadevagaNi ne vaha racanA dekhI ho aura prabhAvita hue hoN| kAvyabandha kI dRSTi se yaha phAgu pUrvapracalita donoM phAgu prakAroM se bhinna, eka svatantra prakAra kI racanA hai| isakI kathA bhI neminAtha kI lokapriya kathA para AdhArita hai / maMgalAcaraNa meM kavi kahatA hai : sarasati mujha mati devia, tU jagi sAra re, nIlakamala dala sAmala jinavara baraNavu nemikumAra re / kAmita phala dAtAra sAmI nemikumAra, hAra manoharu a mugati ramaNi varu / ' maMgalAcaraNa ke bAda 15 chaMdoM taka nemikumAra ke mAtA-pitA kA guNagAna hai| Age rAnI kA svapnadarzana, kumAra kA janma aura bAlyAvasthA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| unakI upamA candramA se detA huA kavi likhatA hai ki nemi kI barAbarI candramA nahIM kara sakatA; ve anupama hai : "sAmIya vayaNa anopama, opama caMda na hoi, kSINa kalaMkIya dIsai e tapai na soma / ' yaha rUpa varNana hindI meM mahAkavi tulasI kA smaraNa karAtA hai / jarAsaMdha se thakakara kRSNa yAdava kula ke sAtha mathurA se Akara dvArakA meM basa jAte haiM / yahAM ekadina nemikumAra ko pAJcajanya phUkatA dekha ve cakita hote haiM aura balabhadra se apanI cintA prakaTa karate haiM / kathA Age bar3hatI hai| vasaMtaRtu AI, avasara nikAlakara kavi ne prakRti kI zobhA kA varNana kiyA hai| gopiyoM ke sAtha vana vihAra ke avasara para nemikumAra se vivAha ke lie Agraha kiyA jAtA hai aura antataH rAjula se vivAha nizcita hotA hai / vahA~ se bArAta calI, toraNadvAra para baMdhe pazuoM ko dekhakara nemikumAra ne sArathI se pUchA :___'pazu kyoM bA~dhe gaye haiM ?' sArathI bolA 'Apake vivAha-bhoja ke lie|' nemi ko vairAgya huA, yahA~ rAjula ke vilApa kA mArmika varNana kiyA gayA hai| nemikumAra dRr3hatApUrvaka saMyama sAdhanA ke lie giranAra cale gye| rAsa kI kucha antima paMktiyAM namUne ke rUpa meM Age uddhRta kI jA rahI haiN| 1. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pR0 43-44

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya "jJAna Upanu jANIya rANIya rAimai raMgI, girisari sAmIya nirakhIya harakhIya sAnijja aNgii| sAmI kevala kAminI kari dhari rAjImatI nAdarI, sA sArI nijakAja rAjakumarI mugatii gaI sAvarI / je revaigiri rAya upari gamai zrI nemi pAye namai, te pAmai sukhasiddhi riddhihi ramai zrIzAzvatI bhogvi|"1 anta meM saMskRta kA eka zloka dekara phAgu samApta kiyA gayA hai| anta meM likhA hai' iti zrI suraMgAbhidho nemiphAga sampUrNa saM0 1502 varSe kRto dhanadeva gnninaa|" yaha rAsa kAvyopama bhASA meM kAvya sauSTava se yukta eka uttama phAgu hai / dhanasAra (pAThaka)-Apa upakezagacchIya bidvAn the| Apane saM0 1533 vijayAdazamI ke avasara para 128 gAthA meM' 'upakezagaccha para UesArAsa' likhA, jisameM upakezagaccha kI virudAvalI varNita hai| isake prArambha kI paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM : "paNamavi pAsajiNaMda pAya, sarasati vayaNa dayau mAya, kAI kaviya karaNahUM maMDau, suha suhaguru nA pAya vaMdau / uesa vaMsanai gaccha ju kiddha, uvaesa naparihi soji prasiddha, pAsanAha jiNavara saMtANihiM, paThama nAma hua iNi ahinANihi / ' isake anta meM racanAkAla kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, yathA :"saMvata panara tetrIsa Aso mAsa sudI e rAsa kiya u sajagIsa, dasamIya suguruvArahi UjalIya, Uesa puravara rAsa paDhaMtA pUnai Asa, AvaDa aMgi ullAsa, ahanisi UpajaI ati manaralI / bhaviyaNa kaeu samAu avaesa mAha (ta)Nau upAu, suha saMpati nau dAu, pAThaka dhanasAra ima boliyii|"3 isa racanA kI pratilipi saM0 1625 kI likhita 'rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna', jodhapura meM upalabdha hai / gacchIya vivaraNa evaM itihAsa kI dRSTi se isa kRti kA mahatva hai kintu sAhitya kI dRSTi se yaha ati sAmAnya racanA hai / isakI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai| 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pa0 65-67 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 126 3. vahI

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404 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dharmadAsa-- inhoMne saM0 1578 meM' dharmopadeza zrAvakAcAra kI racanA kii| isameM inhoMne racanAkAla kA ullekha kiyA hai : 'pandraha sai aThahattari varisu saMvaccharu kusalaha kana sarasu, nirmala vaizAkhI akhatIja, budhavAra guniyahu jAnIja / ' isake AdhAra para yaha anumAna hotA hai ki Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhyakAla meM hue the| dharmadAsa kA janma sampanna parivAra meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma sAhu rAmadAsa aura mAtA kA nAma zivi thaa| Apake pitAmaha padma bar3e paropakArI aura vidvAnoM kA sammAna karane vAle the| dharmadAsa zuddha zrAvakadharma kA apane jIvana bhara AcaraNa karate rhe| 'jaina dharma sevai nitta, asa daha lakSaNa bhAva pavitta, nita nirgrantha gurani mAnauM, jina Agama kahU paThatu sunhuu|'' 'dharmopadeza zravakAcAra' meM zrAvakoM ke dainika jIvana meM AcaraNa yogya siddhAMtoM kA pravacana kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA, tapa, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha ke atirikta ATha mada, dasa dharma, bAraha bhAvanA aura saptavyasana para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / nirantara viSayAsakta vyakti ko koI siddhi prApta nahIM ho sakatI, isa sandarbha meM kavi likhatA hai : 'rAgalIna jIvana mati rahe, indrI jite parIsA sahai, tA kahU siddhi kadAcit hoi, saMsArI tina jAnahu soi / ataH moha tyAgane vAlA hI paMDita hai :'putra mitra nArI dhana dhAnu, baMdhu zarIra ju kula asamAna, avarU prIya vastu anusarai, tA para rAga na paMDita karai / isI prakAra vezyAgamana Adi doSoM se bacane kI bhI cetAvanI dI gaI hai| jo manuSya mAnava jIvana ko bhoga vilAsa meM gavA~ detA hai vaha mAnoM kauvA hA~kane ke lie mANika pheMka detA hai : 'samudra mAha mANika giri jAi, bUr3ata ucharata hAtha caDAi, 'pUna so kAga uDAvana kAja, saravyau ratana mar3ha ve kAja, tema jIva bhavasAgara mAMhi, pAyo mAnuSa janma anAhi / " 1. DaoN0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla mahA0 kavivara bUcarAja evaM u0 sa0 pR0 4-5-6 2. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 405 inakI bhASA analaMkRta, sAdhAraNa bolacAlakI maruturjara hai| udAharaNoM dvArA kavi ne viSaya vastu ko hRdayaMgama karAne kA prabhAvazAlI kauzala prastuta kiyA hai, yathA : 'kare kumitra saMgu jo koI, gunavanto jo nirguNa hoi, sUkhai dAda saMga jyo haryo, dAvAnala mahi punu so paryo / isakA antima chanda nimna hai zIla prabandha je sAMbhalie emhA, te nara nArI dhanadhatva sudarzana riSi kavalie mhA, cauviha saMgha sUprasanna / ' ye apekSA kRta aparicita kavi haiM, itihAsa graMthoM meM inakA kevala nAmollekha hI milatA hai| dharmadeva-Apa pauNimAgacchIya guNadhIrasUri ke paTTadhara saubhAgyasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1554 Aso sudI 6 ko mahesANAM meM 'harizcandrarAsa' likhaa| saM0 1561 meM sINIjI grAma meM caumAse ke samaya 'ajAputrarAsa' likhA / saM0 1563 meM inhoMne (vayara) svAmIrAsa likhA jinakA vivaraNa Age diyA gayA hai| harizcandrarAsa-saubhAgyaratnasUri ke Adeza se likhA gayA, kavi kahatA hai - 'zAsana devati zAradA sayala zuddha sAnidha pAmIya, zrI saubhAgyaratna sUri guru pUnima pakSi pavitra, tasu AdezihiM hU~ racUM haricaMdarAya caritra / 1 / / racanAkAla kA ullekha nimnAMkina paMktiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai : 'saMvata o panara caupanni mAsa Aso pakSi Ujalai, chaTThii a mahisANAM pAdri sAnidhi zrI zAMtinAthanaiM , zrI saMghanaI a bhaNivA kAji, vAcavA munijana sAthanai a|81| kavi ne isameM guru paramparA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 'ajAputrarAsa' kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : 'ATha mahAsiddhi pAmIi samare jaine nAmi, praNamujinavara AThamoM zrI candraprabha svAmi, 1. zrI mo0 80 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 536

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406 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa goyama gaNahara paya namI, samarI sArada mAya, sahi guru vedI varNavuajAputra vara raay|" anta meM racanAkAla diyA hai yathA : 'pUnima pakSi karai jayakAra, zrI guNadhIra sUri pATi zRGgAra, zrI saubhAgyaratana sUrIza, munivara dharmadAsa tehanu sIsa / saMvata panara akasaThai nAmi, rahiA caumAsi te sINIjI grAma, zrI caMdraprabha svAmI caritra, vAMca caumAsI pustaka tatra, ajAputra nI kathA rasAla, tasu dhuri bhAkhi chai suvishaal|"2 gurjara kI kriyA 'lai' aura vibhakti 'nI' Adi ke prayoga se isakI bhASA meM gujarAtI kA prabhAva prakaTa hotA hai| 'vrajasvAmIrAsa' kA racanAkAla batAte hue kavi likhatA hai :'lahIa pasAya raMge dharmadeva munivara ime, racyo me rAsa rasAli panara saThi saMvatsari / vrajasvAmI se pravartita bayara zAkhA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai 'havaNAM me triNi che zAkhA, cothI nivRtti nivRtti , triNaya o kahI mali, vayara zAkhA jagadIpatI / tu havi koTigaNa mukhya vayarazAkhA tiNi candrakulio, giruo o pUnima pakSi pUnimacaMdra jima nirmalI hai| Apa saubhAgyasUri ke ziSya aura unake paTTadhara guNamerusUri ke gurubhAI the| isameM inhoMne vajrazAkhA aura pUrNimAgaccha kA varNana kiyA hai| dharmaruci-Apa upakezagacchIya siddhisUri ke praziSya aura dharmahaMsa ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1561 vaizAkha sudI 5 guruvAra ko 'ajAputra caupAI' likhaa| isameM Apane upakezagaccha aura apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai yathA :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 pR0 536 2. vahI 3. vahI bhAga 1 10 109

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407 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kakkasUri kerA ziSya zrI dharmahaMsa paya nAmaka ziSya, dharmaruci bolai tAsa pasAi, racI ca upai ajAputra raay| puNyaha sAhasa Avai meha, puNya sadbhAve bolai jasa teha / puNyaha kIrti tribhovana rasai, puNya ha lIhai lAyakI amai / aha prabandha juhI grahI, karo puNya mAnavamahagahI, bhaNai rAsa je manasiu melI, teha dhari ka ra i kamalA ke li|"] isa caupaI meM pUNya kA mAhAtmya samajhAyA gayA hai| racanA mukhyatayA caupAi-chanda meM hI kI gaI hai| kavi ne racanA kAla ina paMktiyoM meM batAyA 'saMvata pannara varasa akasiTTha, vaizAkha paMcamI zudi guruhi gariThThA, nakSatra mRgazira yoga sakarmA kIdhI caupai dina jANI isakI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai| brahmadharmaruci-ApakI nava racanAyeM upalabdha haiM, jinake nAma-sukumAlasvAmIrAsa, pIhara sAsaDA gIta, vaNiyaDA gIta, mINAre gIta, arahaMta gIta, jinavara vInatI, 'Adijina vInatI,' 'pada' evaM 'gIta' hai| Apa abhayacanda bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the| kumudacanda ke ziSya bhaTTAraka abhayacanda se Apa bhinna haiM / Apa abhayanandi ke guru the| bha0 abhayacanda ke ziSya brahmacArI (brahma) dharmaruci kI sarvaprasiddha racanA 'sukumAlasvAmIrAsa' eka prabandha kAvya hai, jo vibhinna chandoM meM varNita hai| isakI racanA ghoghAnagara ke candraprabha caityAlaya meM prArambha huI aura usI nagara ke AdinAtha caityAlaya meM pUrNa huI / kavi ne apanA paricaya dete hue likhA hai 'zrI mUlasaMgha mahimAnilo ho, sarasvatI gaccha saNagAra, balAtkAra gaNa nirmalo ho, zrI padmanandi bhavatAra re jii| tasa gachapati jagi jANiyo ho, gautama sama avatAra, zrI abhayacanda varavANIye ho, jJAna taNe bhaMDAra (re jIvaDA) tAsa ziSya bhaNi ruvaDo ho rAsa kiyo me sAra, sukumAla no bhAvai jaho ho, suNatAM puNya apAra he (hejIvaDA) kavi apanI akSamatA ke lie kSamA yAcanA karatA huA kahatA hai : svara padAkSara vyaMjana hIno ho, mai kIyu hoyi paramAdi, sAdhu tamho sodhi lenA ho, kSamitavi kara jo Adi (rejIvaDA) 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 537-38 2. DaoN0 ka0 ca* kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pR0 188-89

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408 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakI aneka kriyAyeM purAnI hindI kI haiM, jaise lenA, kiyo Adi / isameM gujarAtI prabhAvita rAjasthAnI bhASA kA prayoga huA hai arthAt saba milAkara yaha marugurjara kI pratinidhi racanA hai| bhASA ke udAharaNa svarUpa nimna paktiyA~ avalokanIya haiM : 'te dekhI bhayabhIta havI, nAga zrI kahe tAta, kavaNa pAtiga eNe kIyA, paripari pAmai cheghAta / taba brAhmaNa kahe sundarI suNo tamhe eNI bAta / jima AnaMda bahu Upaje jaga mAhe che vikhyAta / " vAcaka dharmasamudra ---Apa kharataragaccha (pippalakazAkhA) kI paTTa paramparA meM jinasAgarasUri, jinaharSasUri evaM jinacandasUri ke ziSya zrI viveka siMha ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1567 meM dAnadharma ke mAhAtmya para sumitrakumArarAsa likhA / isameM 337 padya haiN| inhoMne saM0 1584 meM svadArAsaMtoSa vrata pAlana kI preraNA dene vAlA 'kUladhvajakUmAra rAsa' likhaa| yaha 143 padyoM kI racanA hai| rAtri bhojana ke doSa darzanArtha inhoMne jayasena cau0 ( rAtribhojana rAsa ) paMcAlasA meM likhaa| saM0 1573 meM Apane zrImala sAha ke Agraha para ajilANApura meM eka kalpita kathA para AdhArita racanA prabhAkaraguNAkara caupAi ( 530 padya ) likhI thii| zakuMtalA kI kathA ko sparza karane vAlI ApakI eka racanA 'zakuntalArAsa' (104 padya ) jainasAhityasaMzodhaka, khaNDa 3 meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| ApakI anya racanAoM meM sudarzanarAsa ( 107 padya ) aura avantisukumAlasaMnjhAya ( 33 padya) bhI ullekhanIya haiN| ina sabhI racanAoM meM ApakI rAtribhojana caupAI' kA sarvAdhika pracAra huaa| isake prArambha meM kavi ne rAtribhojana ke doSoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai :-- 'paNamiya goyama gaNadhara rAya, samariya sarasati sAmiNI pAya / rayaNI bhojana doSa vicAra bolisute sAMbhalau udAra / rAti jimavA kehI buddhi, rAti snAna na thAi zUddhi, rAtai pitara piNDa na lahai, rAtai tarapaNa ko navi karai / kavi ne mahAbhArata purANAdi granthoM kA havAlA dekara rAtribhojana se hone vAlI hAniyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa pratipAdana zailI kA pAThakoM para acchA prabhAva par3A thaa| 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pR0 188-189

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 409 'prabhAkaraguNAkara cau0' ke anta meM kavi ne likhA hai :-- 'kavi kallola kahI ekathA mana kalpita kI dhIsa kathA / panaratihutarI saMmata sarai, medapATa ajilANA purai, zrImala sAha taNI AgrahI, caritra ei sunntaasukhlhi|' zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne ina paMktiyoM kA yaha pAThAntara diyA hai : 'kavi kallola......... 'sa kathA" ke bAda tihiM te lAgu chai utsUtra, te khamajyo bhagavati jinasUtra / ' 'sumitrakumArarAsa' kA prathama padya isa prakAra hai : 'paNamisu maNa taNa vaya karI, pahilo paDhama jiNaMda, __ jasu paya paMkaja pUjatAM, pUjai paramANaMda / isake anta meM guru paramparA ke antargata kavi ne jinasAgara, jinasundara, jinaharSa, jinacaMda aura vivekasaMgha kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne isakI racanAkAla ina paMktiyoM meM likhA hai : _ 'saMvata pannarahasi satasaThai, jalaura nayara pAsa saMtuThai, kIukavitta aannNdi| 'kuladhvajakumArarAsa' kA racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA hai : 'saMvata panara caurAsIi a, kIdhau kIdhau prabandha sunAma ki, svadArA santoSa vrata upariio, pAlau pAlau mana kari ThAmaki, saMvata panara caurAsIi / 148 / 'zakuntalArAsa'--jaina kaviyoM meM ApakA yaha prayAsa maulika hai| isameM ayodhyA nareza duSyanta aura zakuntalA kI prasiddha kathA jainamatAnukUla prastuta kI gaI hai| isakA antima chaMda isa prakAra hai : 'kula lAja dAkhai, vinaya bhAkhai satya bhAkhai je mukhai duSyanta rAya zakuMtalA suta sadA jayavaMtau sukhai / o rAsa bhaNatA raMgi suNatAM pApa kasamala pariharau, kavi kahai dharmasamudra sUddhA sIla upari khayakarau / 104 / ' 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA, pR0 63-64 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-je0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 548-49 3. vahI 4. vahI, pR0 552

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa avantisukumAlasajjhAya kA antima 33vAM padya prastuta hai 'ama calai roma na pado lAgI kariya baiTho nRpa bhaNai, prabha doSa khAmu sIsa nAmu indra saMkaTa jima ralai / kalyANa maMdira stavana karatA vihAra pIDI appa o, kavi kahai dharamasamudra vAcaka pAsa pagalyA thAya o / " 410 sudarzanarAsa meM sudarzana seTha ke zIla kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai / isa cau0 meM yaha caritra saMkSipta kintu prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / rAtribhojanarAsa aura kuladhvajakumArarAsa meM inake vaktavya adhika prabhAvazAlI bana par3e haiM aura inake upadezaka vyaktitva kA acchA prabhAva par3atA hai / kavi kA uddezya dhArmika saMdeza denA hai, kAvya to usakA sAdhana hai / sudarzana cau0 kI antima paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'ima seThi sudarasana cariya, ghaNA puNya prabhAvaI bharima, je naranArI nI rAgI gAI, tihi RddhivRddhi nitu thAi / sudarasana nau nAma mana vaMchita pUrai kAma / ati sabala sIla abhirAma mani dhyAI karau praNAma / 2 ukta vivaraNoM aura uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki ye marugurjara bhASA ke eka mahatvapUrNa jaina kavi haiM / dharmasAgara - Apa saMDeragacchIya IzvarasUri ke ziSya the / ApakI 'ArAmanandanacaupAi' saM0 1587 racanA kI hai / yaha sUcanA desAI jI ne jaina sAhityano itihAsa pR0 527 para diyA hai kintu jaina gu0 ka0 tIna meM unhoMne apane kathana kA saMzodhana karake ise dharmasAgara ke ziSya cauhatha yA cauthoM kI racanA batAyA hai / ArAmanandana cauyai meM cauhatha kA spaSTa rUpa se nAma hai, yathA bhAga 'haraSa dharI ghaNai a, cauhatha ima bhaNai o / ' ataH 'cauhatha' kavi ke sAtha isa kRti kA vivaraNa diyA jA cukA hai / brahmadharmasAgara nAmaka eka anya kavi 18 vIM zatI meM hue haiM jinakA vivaraNa yathA sthAna diyA jaayegaa| vivecya dharmasAgara kI anya koI kRti upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH inake vivaraNa kI apekSA nahIM hai / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pR0 118 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 0 142 3. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 3 pR0 578

Page #428
411 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya dharmasiMhagaNi-Apa tapAgacchIya AnandavimalasUri ke ziSya the| Apane 'dIvAlIrAsa' aura 'vikramarAsa' likhA, jisakI sUcanA zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 165 para diyA hai kintu isa kavi kA vivaraNa tathA racanAoM kA paricaya aura udAharaNa Adi kucha nahIM diyA hai, ataH inake sambandha meM kucha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| AnandavimalasUri saM0 1570 meM AcArya paTTa para pratiSThita hue the / ataH itanA nizcita hai ki ye racanAyeM 16 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kI haiN| dharmasundara-Apa kakkasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1504 khayanagara meM 'zrIpAlaprabandha' kI racanA kI thii| kavi ne maMgaladAyaka mahApuruSoM meM zrIpAla kI gaNanA kI hai, yathA 'pahilau maMgala savi arihaMta, bIjai siddhacakra jayavaMta, trIjau vimaladeva suvizAla, cauthau maMgala rAu zrIpAla / yaha racanA usane tatkAlIna rAjA ke mantrI ke Agraha para kI thii| 'rAjA maMtri taNai AgrahiiM, kariu kavitta bhaviyaNa sNgrhii| suNatA saMpada saMghanai miliu, bhaNatAM guNatAM aphalA phaliu / yaha eka prabandha kAvya hai jisakA nAyaka udAtta caritra evaM zIlayukta maMgalakArI zrIpAla hai| isa viSaya para kaI rAsa, caupAI Adi jaina kaviyoM ne likhI haiN| racanA kA sthAna aura samaya kA ullekha kavi ne isa rAsa kI ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai 'khayanayara vari saMvata panara, Aste mAsi varisa caDotara, racyau atau zrIpAla prabandha, naMda u tAM jAM sasihara siMdhu / ' rAsa ke 68veM chanda ( truTita ) meM kavi ne guru kA smaraNa kiyA hai, yathA ... ... .. kakkasari gaNadhAra bhaNai dharmasundara uvajhAya, riddhi husyai siddhacakra pasAya / ' racanA meM zrIpAla ke caritra ke mAdhyama se siddhacakra kA prabhAva bhI batAyA gayA hai / bhASA sAmAnya marugurjara hai| nannasUri -koraMTagacchIya sarvadeva sUri Apake guru the| Apane saM0 1544 meM 'vicAra causaThI'; saM0 1548 meM 'gajasukumArarAjarSisajjhAya', 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1488-89 . . . . .

Page #429
412 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saM0 1552 meM 'gajasukumAlacoDhAliyA' ( khaMbhAta ), saM0 1553 meM 'daza zrAvakabattIsI (cittaur3a ) ke atirikta paMcatIrthastavana aura aneka saMjhAya, gIta tathA bhAsa Adi choTI-choTI racanAyeM bhI likhIM / 'vicAracausaThI' ke anta meM nimna vivaraNa prApta hotA hai 'iNIpari zrAvaka dharma tattva, panara cuAli racU pavitra / " arthAt isa racanA meM zrAvaka dharma kA tattva batAyA gayA hai aura yaha saM0 - 1544 meM racI gaI hai| Age kavi kahatA hai 'sulalita cosaThi copai bandha, micchA Tukkar3a hove asudha / ahane nAma vicAra cosaThI, ruSa zreNi kare akaThi / khaMbhanayara AnandapUrI, koraMTa gacha pabhaNe nannasUrI isa chaMda meM racanA sthAna, lekhaka kA nAma aura gaccha sambandhI sUcanA meM dI gaI haiM / zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne vicAracausaThI kI anya prati ke AdhAra para 63 vIM 64 vIM kar3I kA pAThAntara dikhAyA hai / gajasukumAra saMjhAya kA racanA kAla pahale saM0 1548 aura bAda meM sudhArakara saM 1558 batAyA hai / nAhaTA jI ne 'gajasukumAracauDhAliyA' nAmaka racanA kA ullekha kiyA hai aura racanA kAla saM0 1551 batAyA hai| patA nahIM donoM eka hI racanAyeM haiM yA do; kyoMki zrI nAhaTA jI ne cauDhAliyA kA pATha nahIM diyA hai| gajasukumArarAjarSisajjhAya kA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai'soraTha deza vaSANIya sAhelaDI re devaha taNaunivesa, dvArikA nayarI tihAM bhalI, samaratha kRSNa nareza / samaratha kRSNa nareza bhujabala, jasupitA vasudeva, devakI devI UparidhariyA, karai sAnidhi deva ' " - anta meM racanA kAla kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : 'zrI koraMTagacha rAjIu, zrI sAvadeva sUri tAsu sIsa nannasUri bhaNai, mana ANaMda pUri tiNiparipanara aThAvanai, bhAita mAMhi, 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pR0 96 2. vahI bhAga 3 pR0 525 3. vahI bhAga 1, pR0 96 '--

Page #430
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 413 thaMbhaNa pAsa pAsaulau raciu uchAhi / gaja sukumAla caritra a, je gAi raMgi, tIha ghari navanidhi saMpajai suSavilasai aNgi|"1 'dazazrAvakabattIsI' ke sambandha meM kavi ne sUcita kiyA hai :-~ 'vatrIsI daza zrAvaka taNI citrakUTa racI dharamaha bhaNI, panara tripanai ANaMdapUri, koraMTagaccha pabhaNai nanna sUri / paMcatIrthastavana meM setruja, dahIudrApura, ujalagiri, khaMbhAyatapura aura sAcuri kI mUrtiyoM kA stavana kiyA gayA hai, yathA : 'pAMcai tiratha paMca jiNesaru, paMcamI gati puhatA sudaMsa / nanna sUri ima chaMde nava nave, vInavyA sukhadAyaka te save / " ApakI kucha choTI racanAoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai : zAMtinAtha sva0 saM0 1543, arbudacaityapravADI saM0 1554, micchAdukkar3asajjhAya saM0 1559, mahAvIrasattAvIsabhava saM0 1560, jIrAulA pArvachaMda', prabhAtIgIta, 24 jinagIta, jIvadayAgIta, puNyakaraNIyasthApanA gIta, gautamasvAmIgIta / ina choTI kRtiyoM kA eka saMkalana paM0 lAlacanda ne kiyA hai| choTI racanAoM kI bhASA-zailI ke pratinidhi rUpa meM 'arbuda caityapravADI' kI do paMktiyAM prastuta kI jA rahI haiM : 'iNipari arabuda caitra pravADi ji, kIjai ANaMda pUri, panara caupanai bhaNai manaraMgai, koraMTa gachi nanasari / yaha racanA jainayuga pustaka 5, pR0 444 para prakAzita hai| isake AdhAra para yaha nirvivAda rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki nannasari eka uttama racanAkAra the| Apa kI kAvya bhASA marugurjara meM sahaja pravAha evaM prasAda. guNa prApta hotA hai| prAyaH jaina kavi upadeza paraka racanAoM ko rucikara banAne ke lie kathA kA AdhAra lete haiM kintu inhoMne apanI adhikatara racanAoM meM kathA kA AdhAra nahIM liyA hai balki vicArapradhAna racanAoM ko sundara bhASA zailI ke 1. zrI mo0 80 desAI--jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pR0 96

Page #431
414 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa mAdhyama se lokapriya banAne kA uttama prayAsa kiyA hai| inake stavanoM aura gItoM kI bhASA meM paryApta geyatA aura mRdutA prApta hotI hai| nandivardhanasUri -(rAjagaccha) ApakI ekamAtra kRti 'yAdavarAsa' kI racanA saM0 1588 meM huI / ' anya vivaraNa upalabdha nahI ho pAyA hai| nayasiMhagaNi-vaDatapagacchIya dhanaratnasUri ke praziSya evaM munisiMha ke ziSya nayasiMha ne pAvApura meM 'caturviMzatijinastuti' kI racanA kii| dhanaratnasUri ke guru labdhisAgarasUri ne saM0 1557 meM 'zrIpAlakathA' likhI thI, isalie yaha kavi 16 vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa kA ho sakatA hai| isa anumAna ke lie koI antakSyi upalabdha nahIM hai| yaha racanA pAvApura meM kI gaI aura gurjara bhASA meM hai isalie ise marugurjara jaina sAhitya meM sthAna denA vAMchita hai| isakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA adhika prabhAva svAbhAvika hai| isakA koI uddharaNa prApta nahIM ho sakA, ataH yaha niSkarSa zrI desAI ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai| narapati-yaha kavi saMbhavataH jainetara hai kyoMki inhoMne apanI kRti 'taMtrabatrIsI' (saM0 1545) kA maMgalAcaraNa lambodara gaNeza kI vaMdanA se prArambha kiyA hai yathA'lambodara kavi zaya zaya dharaMti, haMsavAdana te mukhi vazaMti, ati Avalai murati gaMma, vivekI nara tihAM karU praNAma / X kavitA zAradA taNu praNAma, naMda vatrIsI karu vakhANa, saMvata panarasi paMcatAlA, tithi satimani maMgalavAra / "3 nArI niMdA ( nisnehaparikrama) aura nArI prazaMsA (sneha parikrama ) ke uddharaNa Age die jA rahe haiN| nisneha parikrama kI paMktiyA~ : 'nArI chehA navi paDaI, nara chehAnI khoDa, paMtha na hArai re hiyA, paMthi hArai koDi / " rAstA nahIM thakatA, rAhI thaka jAtA hai ataH nArI kI bhogalipsA ThIka nahIM hai| 1. zrI mo0 da. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 579 2. vahI bhAga 1 pR0 172 3. vahI bhAga 1 10 88-89 bhAga 3 pR. 794, 514

Page #432
415 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya yA 'mohiyA dAnava devatA, nara mohiyA saMsAri, nArI mahiyala mohinI, kahai narapati suvicAra / " nArI prazaMsA kI kucha paMktiyAM dekhiye : 'nArI viNa dihADo kiso ? kahu kimarayaNa vihAi ? ati khAdhA saviruyaDAM, strI sayavaDI na thaai| nArAyaNa nArI vaDai, kIdho daitya siMhAra, kahai narapati khApaDA nArI tribhovana saar|| narapati kI hI racanA vikramAditya cupai bhI ho sakatI hai kintu racanAkAla zaka saM0 1514 diyA gayA hai, yathA 'bhAdrava vadi AraMbhIu, vIjA anai buddhavAra, saMvata sAke paMnaraha, dasa cihUM cihUM adhikAra / isa racanA kA kavi bhI janetara kahA gayA hai aura isameM bhI maMgalAcaraNa lambodara kI vaMdanA se prArambha huA hai, yathA 'laMbodara tujha vIna, sunDAlA samaratha, sidhi vUdhi vara calaNe nama sIjhavi je saba aratha / ataH kAphI saMbhAvanA haiM ki yaha narapati bhI naMdavatrIsIkAra narapati hI hoN| yadi racanAkAla zakasaMvat ke sthAna para vikrama saMvat 1514 ho to yaha tithi naMdavatrIsI kI racanA tithi saM0 1545 se adhika pahale bhI nahIM hai aura donoM lekhaka eka hI vyakti ho sakate haiM / zrIdesAI jI kA anumAna ki 'vikramAditya cu0' kA lekhaka jaina kavi hai kyoMki paMcadaNDa chatra paMca Adeza ke dvitIya Adeza meM usane AdIzvara ke vaMdana-pUjana kA varNana kiyA hai, yathA 'AgIAnu moTai upAya, rAjA jihA~ ciMtai tihAM jAi, nagara sopArai puhatA thayA, AdIzvara nai deharai gayA / deharu achai teha caumukha, darizana dINai nAsai dukkha, AdizvaranI pUjA karI, rAja vaiThau Asana dhrii| yadi yaha bhinna kavi hai aura jaina kavi haiM tathA inakA racanAkAla saM0 1649 hai ( 17vIM zatAbdI ) to isakA vivaraNa Age honA caahie| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 khaNDa 2, pR0 2138-2115 2. vahI, bhAga 1 pR0 293

Page #433
maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa narazekhara - Apa pippalakagacchIya zrI guNasAgarasUri ke ziSya zrI zAntisUri ke ziSya the / apanI racanA 'pArzvanAthapatnIprabhAvatIharaNa" meM kavi ne guruparamparA kA isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai : 416 'guNasAgara sUri zAnti sUri guru, goama sAmi naI tolaire, karajoDI ziSya tehanai re narazekhara ima bolai re / prArambha meM sarasvatI kI vaMdanA hai / bhASA ke namUne ke lie do chaMda die. jA rahe haiM 'sarasa vayaNa sarasati mati Apau, thApau bhagata jana thira karI a harihara brahmamaMDala tumha gAio, dhyAi dhyAna mani dharI / pArzva kI patnI prabhAvatI kA varNana ina paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai :'pAsakumAra prabhAvatI raMgi ramaI savicAra re, nitunitu navanava nehalau, nAhalau nirakhai nAri re, mohana murati joi re / 66 / ' prabhAvatI haraNa a je bhaNaI, bhaNaI guNaiM nara nAri, navanidhi huI teha tai, sukha sadhalAM saMsAri re mohana / 67 / yaha eka prakAra kA vivAhalo gIta hai / isakI zailI meM geyatA tathA bhASA meM saralatA ullekhanIya hai / nyAyasundara upAdhyAya - Apa kharataragacchIya AcArya jinavarddhanasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1516 meM 'vidyAvilAsanarendracaupai' likhI / racanA tithi kA ullekha nimna paMktiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai- 'zrI nyAya sundara uvajhAya, naravara kidha prabaMdhA subhAya, saMvata panara sola varasaMmi, saMgha veyaNa avihiya surAma / " gurusmaraNa - iNipari (ema?) upAlI Au, devaloka pahutaunararAu, kharataragaccha jinavardhana sUri, tAtu sIsa bahu ANaMdapUri / ' anta-vidyAvilAsa nariMda carita, bhavaya loya kahU ave pavitra, je nara par3hai suNai sAbhaMlai, puNya prabhAva manoratha phalai / ' 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jaina gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 639 2. vahI, bhAga 1 pR0 51 3. vahI

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417 maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya vidyAvilAsa kI kathA bhI jaina samAja meM suparicita hai| isakI bhASA rAjasthAnI pradhAna marugurjara hai / inake kisI anya racanA kI sUcanA nahIM hai / 27 nemikuJjara - ApakA eka nAma 'sundararAja' bhI milatA hai / ApakA pukArane kA prArambhika nAma 'khoTu' thA aura bAda kA pracalita nAma nemikuMjara hai / Apake gurupuNyasundara the yA rAjasundara yaha bhI vivAdAspada hai / ApakI eka racanA 'gajasiMhAyacaritrarAsa' yA 'gajasiMhakumAracau0 yA gajasiMhAsa nAmase milatI hai| isake cauthe khaNDa meM rAsakarttA kA nAma rAjasundara hai parantu tIsare khaNDa ke anta meM nemikuMjara nAma milatA hai| muni gulAbavijaya bhaMDAra kI prati ke tIsare aura cauthe khaNDa ke anta meM rAsakarttA kA nAma kuMjara hI milatA hai / donoM pratiyoM meM racanA kAla saM0 1556 milatA hai, yathA : 'saMvata panara chappanna sahI, prathama jeTha pUnima dinalahI, buddhavAra anurAdhA mA~hi kIyo carita o mana uchAhi / isameM kavi ne pAThakoM ko navarasa - navaraMga kI upalabdhi kA AzvAsana diyA hai, yathA ------ 'navarasi navaraMgi vraNavauM, zAstra mAhi jo hoi, bAra kathA rasa vraNavauM, tiNi suNau sahu koi / isake cAroM khaNDoM kI sampUrNa chanda saMkhyA 615 batAI gaI hai / isake sabhI khaNDoM kI samApti para yaha paMkti milatI hai 'to kavi kathA kSaNataMri kahai yA kathA kSaNAntari to kavi kahai ; isameM AyodhyA ke rAjA gajasiMharAya ke zIla kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / unhoMne bar3A rAjya, vaibhava kamAyA, kaI sundariyoM se vivAha kiyA aura anta meM tapasyA pUrvaka bhatra bandhana se mukta hue / isakA prArambha pArzva kI vaMdanA se isa prakAra huA hai : 'pAsa jiNesara paya namI, tevIsamo jiNaMda, o suSa saMpati dIyai paNamai suranara iMda / kAsamIra mukhamaMDaNI, samarI sarasati mAya, zIlataNo guNa vraNavauM, gAvauM gajasiMgha rAya / ' * 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 kavi - bhAga 1, pR0 95- 100 tathA bhAga 3 0524-26

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418 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kavi kI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai| kavi ko kAvya tattvoM kI parakha hai aura kahIM-kahIM unakA acchA prayoga kiyA hai| caritra-citraNa upadeza aura manoraMjana tathA kAvya sauSThava evaM bhASA-zakti kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha eka zreSTha kRti pratIta hotI hai| padmanAbha-Apa cittaur3a ke rahane vAle rAjasthAnI vidvAna the| Apane saM0 1543 meM saMdhapati DUMgara ke Agraha para 56 chappayoM meM bAvanI yA DUMgara bAvanI nAmaka kRti kI racanA kii| isakI bhASA rAjasthAnI pradhAna marugurjara hai| racanA ucca stara kI hai| padmamandira gaNi-Apa kharataragacchIya kIrtiratnasUri ke ziSya guNaratnasUri ke ziSya the| Apane apane guru guNaratnasari ke sambandha meM samvat 1546 meM 'guNaratnasUrivivAhalau' ( 49 padya ) likhaa| Apane saM0 1543 meM 'jAloranavaphaNApAzvaMdasabhavastavana' (gA0 35 ) aura varakANA-pArzvastotra ( gA 20 ) nAmaka stavana stotra bhI likhA hai| inake atirikta Apane devatilakopAdhyAyacI0 ( gA0 15 ) bhI likhI hai jo aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR0 55 para prakAzita hai| 'guNaratnasUrivivAhalau' ke nAyaka guNaratnasUri ke sambandha meM vivAhalau se patA calatA hai ki ve mAravAr3a ke samiyANA grAma nivAsI nAhaTA the| isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'maMgala kamala vilAsa divAyaraM sAyara saMti pAyAravidaM, paNamiya amiya guNa rayaNa rayaNAyara, rAya raMkANa ANaMda caMda / ikka mahanANa loyaNa taNau dAyago, nAyako anai saMjama sirie, suvana kaToraDI sohaga uraDI, jagi karai dUdha sAkara bharie / isakI antima paMktiyA~ dekhiye : "eha siri guNarayaNa sUri vivAhalau. padmamaMdira gaNi tAsu sIsa, pabhaNau bhaviyaNa anudina, jema pAmauM suhaM suha jagIsa / 49 / " devatilakopAdhyAyacau0 ke anusAra devatilaka ayodhyA ke bAhaDagiri nAmaka sthAna ke nivAsI, osavAlavaMzIya, bhaNazAlIgotrIya zAha karama. caMda aura unakI patnI suhANA ke putra the| Apake bacapana kA nAma dedo thaa| Apane 8 varSa kI avasthA meM saM0 1541 meM dIkSA lI aura saM0 1562 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 61 2. vahI jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0-10 130

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maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya 419 meM upAdhyAya padavI prApta kI / Apa sAgaracandrasUri kI paramparA meM mahimarAja, dayAsAgara, jJAnamandira ke ziSya the / Apake janma se sambandhita yaha paMkti dekhiye : 'panaraha sai tetrIsai varasa, tasu ghari jammA guNaha nivAsa' isI taraha svargavAsa sambandhI yaha paMkti bhI ullekhanIya hai :saM0 (1603) 'Isa nayaNa nabhaM rasa sasi varasa, seya paMcamI migasara bhAsa | 2 isakA bhI aitihAsika mahattva hai / inakI donoM racanAyeM do jainAcAryo ke itivRtta para AdhArita haiM aura unake sambandha meM Avazyaka sUcanAyeM inameM upalabdha haiM ataH inakA aitihAsika mahattva to hai hI, sAtha hI Apake kaI stavana Adi bhakti sAhitya ke acche namUne haiM / ApakI bhASA sarala pravAhapUrNa marugurjara hai / devatilakopAdhyAyacI0 kA prathama chaMda Age uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : 'pAsa jiNesara paya namu nirupama kamalAnanda, 2 suguru thuNatA pAmiyai, avihaNa sukha ANaMda / " bhASA ke udAharaNa svarUpa isakA eka chanda aura diyA jA rahA hai :'ai caupai sadA je guNai, uThi prabhAti suguru guNa thuNai, kahai padmamandira mana zuddhi, tasu thAye sukha sampati riddhi | 2 isakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI aura hindI kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / padmasAgara - Apa mammAhaDagaccha ke muni (mati) sundarasUri ke ziSya the Apane saM0 1563 bhAdrapada vadI 8 ravivAra ko ' kayavannA caupai' likhI / yaha kRti dAna ke mAhAtmya para likhI gaI hai / ApakI dUsarI racanA 'sthUlabhadra aThAvIso' sthUlabhadra ke jIvanacaritra para AdhArita hai| zrI desAI ne 'lIlAvatI sumativilAsa' nAmaka eka anya racanA kI bhI sUcanA dI hai, lekina isake lekhaka kaDavAgaccha ke mUlapuruSa 'kaDavA' kahe jAte haiM" / kayavannAcaupai kA Arambha isa prakAra huA hai : 'sarasa vacana Ape sadA, sarasati kaviyaNa mAi, paNamavi kaivannA carI, paNamisu suguru pasAya / mammAhaDa garcha e guNanilo zrI munisundara sUri padmasAgara sUri sIsa tasu pabhaNe ANaMda pUri / ' -: 1. ai0 je0 kAvya saMgraha pR0 55 2. desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3, pR0 538 3. vahI bhAga 1, pR0 111

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420 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakI antima paMktiyoM meM racanA-samaya Adi diyA gayA hai : 'dAna Upara kainna caupai saMvata panara trisaTe thai, bhAdravadi aThami tithi jANa, sahasa kiraNadina ANaMda ANi / padmasAgara sUri imi bhaNaMta, guNe tihi kAja saraMti, te savi pAme vachita siddhi, ghara niroga ghare avicalariddhi / ' Apa ma rugurjara bhASA ke eka sAmAnya jaina kavi haiN| padmazrI-Apane saM0 1540 meM 'cArudattacaritra' nAmaka caritra kAvya likhA / isake maMgalAcaraNa meM sarasvatI kI vandanA kI gaI hai : 'devi sarasati deva sarasati ati vANi, Apu mani Ananda kari dharIya bhAva bhAsura cittihiM / paya paMkaja paNam sadA, mayaharaNI bholIya bhattihiM / cArudatta kammaha carI, paNisu tumha pasAya, bhAviyA bhAvihiM sAMbhalu, parahari parahu pamAya / 1 / ' isameM prAya: caupai chanda kA prayoga huA hai| isakI bhASA aura racanA zailI ke udAharaNasvarUpa do paMktiyA~ aura uddhata kI jA rahI haiM : 'sukha saMsAri bhogavyAM ghaNAM, phalalIdhAM manuya janamaha taNAM, aMtakAli aNasaNa uccarai, devaloki suravara avatarai / 252 / isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai :'bhaNai bhaNAvai bhAsura bhatti, athavA jeu suNai nijacitti, teha ghari navanidhi hui niramalI, bhaNai padamazIya vaMchitaphalI / ' sAmAnyatayA jisa prakAra anya jaina kAvyoM kA anta hotA hai usI prakAra isameM bhI aMtata: cArudatta saMyama dhAraNa karake uttama caritra kA udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai aura svayam uccaloka ko prApta karatA hai| pAto-(pAtu, parabata) pAtu yA parabata nAma se eka racanA 'chotI. mithyAtvaparihArakulasaMjhAya' 64 kar3I kI prApta hai, jisameM kavi ne mithyAtva ke parihAra kA saMdeza diyA hai, yathA 'mana vacana kAyA sudhakA, nisA bhojana hiMsA paraharu / pAMci iMdrI tamho vasi karu, pavitra paNa jo sadhalikaru / 63 // 1. de0 je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pR0 111 2. vahI bhAga 3, pR0 535 3. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 421 krodha lobha moha milA parahama, dAna sIla tapa bhAvanA karu, pAtu (parabata) bhaNai me se bolaja kharudayA pAlu jima saMsAra taru / / isakI bhASA meM lokoktiyoM aura kahAvatoM kA acchA prayoga bhI huA hai yathA 'hita kAraNi a bolu amho, jaDa karasu to bhogavasu tahmo / prArambha meM sarasvatI kI vandanA karatA huA kavi likhatA hai :-- 'sarasati sAmaNi karu pasAu, ahma gAsauM chotina uThAu, pAkhaMDi ma karasau kou, saratA vartanU rUDu hoi|'' varabata bhAvasAra-parabata bhAvasAra ke nAma se 'caturgaticaupai' nAmaka 40 kar3I kI eka racanA prApta hai parantu yaha patA nahIM ki pAto (parabata ) aura parabata bhAvasAra do kavi haiM yA eka / inakI racanAoM kA viSaya bhI prAyaH eka jaisA hai aura donoM meM caupai chanda kA prayoga huA hai / isake antima chanda meM lekhaka kA nAma isa prakAra AyA hai 'nAcaiM khelaiM guNa gAiM rAsa, teha taNI prabhu pUrai Asa, bhAviiM bhagatiiM jiNa vara taNai bhAvasAraparabata ima bhaNai / / isake prArambha meM ambikA kI prArthanA kI gaI hai, yathA : 'pahila uM praNamauM aMbiki mAya, kahisa kavitta ha tribhuvanarAya, suranara gaNa gaMdharva vikhyAya, laThana karaiM te navagraha paay|' kavi ne isa kRti dvArA yaha sandeza diyA hai ki isameM varNita vidhi-niSedhoM kA anupAlana karane se caturgati meM bhramaNa baMda ho sakatA hai aura mokSa kI prApti saMbhava ho sakatI hai; paMktiyA~ dekhiye : _ 'iNi pari cittavi dharmaji karu, dAna zIla tapa bhAva ji dharu, dRr3ha samakita nizciI aNusaru, cihuM gati mAhibalI navi phiru / bhASA, bhAva, viSaya-vastu, chaMda-baMdha kI samAnatA ke kAraNa yaha anumAna svAbhAvika hotA hai ki zAyada pAto (paravata) aura paravata bhAvasAra eka hI kavi ho| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 640 2. vahI 3. vahI pR0 641 4. vahI .

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422 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa pratiSThAsoma-saM0 1524 meM Apane somasaubhAgya' nAmaka saMskRta kAvya meM prasiddha A0 somasundarasUri kA caritra citrita kiyA hai jisameM aneka aitihAsika vyaktiyoM aura sthAnoM ke saMbaMdha meM tathyapUrNa vivaraNa upalabdha haiN| yaha ati mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika kRti hai| isakA marugurjara meM anuvAda prakAzita ho cukA hai kintu pratiSThAsoma marugurjara ke maulika kavi nahIM haiM / ataH vivaraNa apekSita nahIM hai|' pAvacandrasUri--16 vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM marugurjara ke mahAkavi aura samartha gadyakAra ke rUpa meM ApakA nAma jona lekhakoM meM agragaNya hai| Apake nAma se pAvacandra gaccha prasiddha huA jisakI gaddI bIkAnera meM hai| isa gaccha kA prasiddha upAzraya nAgaura meM bhI hai| ApakA janma sirohI rAjya ke hamIrapura nivAsI velagazAha poravADa kI patnI zrImatI vimalAde kI kukSi se saM0 1537 meM huA thaa| Apane ATha varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA lI; tatpazcAt gahana adhyayana evaM zAstrAbhyAsa karake 17 varSa kI avasthA meM upAdhyAya aura 28 varSa kI avasthA meM AcArya pada prApta kiyaa| saM0 1612 meM inakA jodhapura meM svargavAsa huaa| racanAkAra-gadya aura padya meM ApakI zatAdhika racanAyeM prApta haiN| unameM se prAyaH racanAyeM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne 'zodhapatrikA' bhAga 10, aMka 1.2 meM prakAzita apane lekha meM inakI 14 gadya bAlAvabodha bhASA-TIkAoM aura 92 padya baddha racanAoM kI sUcI dI hai| ApakI adhikAMza racanAyeM siddhAMta saMbaMdhI haiM isalie kahIM kahIM kAvya pakSa pichar3a gayA hai lekina unakA aitihAsika mahattva hai| inakI bhASA TIkA meM tatkAlIna gadya bhASA (bolacAla ) kA svaccha aura prakRta svarUpa prApta hotA hai / aMga sUtroM para sarvaprathama ApakI hI bhASA TIkAyeM milatI haiN|' Apa samartha gadyakAra the| ApakI gadya racanAoM kA vivaraNa gadya khaMDa meM diyA jaayegaa| pArzvacandasUri-Apa jainadharma ke bar3e prabhAvaka AcArya aura prabhAvazAlI upadezaka the| Apane mAravAr3a ke rAjA rAvala gAMgajI tathA yuvarAja mAla. deva ko prabodhita kiyaa| inhoMne rAjapUtoM ke 2200 gharoM ko pratibodha dekara osavAla zrAvaka banAyA thA / aneka gAMvoM ke mAhezvarI (vaiSNava ) varNikoM 1. zrI desAI jaina--sA no itihAsa, pR0 516 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA---rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhya kAla, paramparA pR0 65

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 423 ko apane pravacana dvArA prabhAvita kara jaina zrAvaka banAyA thaa| Apake nAma se pAnacandagaccha pravartita haa| Apa apane samaya ke bar3e vidvAna lekhaka upadezaka jainAcArya hue| ____ ApakI choTI-bar3I pacAsoM racanAoM kA vivaraNa zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne jI0 gu0 ka0 meM dekara bar3A mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai, usake AdhAra para inakI ullekhanIya racanAoM kI sUcI dI jA rahI hai| tatpazcAt unakA vivaraNa-uddharaNa saMkSepa meM diyA jaayegaa| ____ grantha sUcI - sAdhuvandanA, pAkSikachatrIsI, aticAracau0, caritra manorathamAlA, zrAvakamanorathamAlA (pra0), bastupAlatejapAlarAsa (pra0) saM0 1597, AtmazikSA, AgamachatrIsI, uttarAdhyayanachatrIsI. muhapatichatrIsI. vivekazataka, dUhAzataka, guruchatrIsI. eSaNAzataka, saMgharaMgaprabaMdha, jinapratimAsthApana vijJapti, amaradvAsaptatikA, niyatAniyata praznottara pradIpikA, vaMdanadoSa, upadeza rahasya gIta, daMDakagarbhita pArzvanAtha stavana ArAdhanAmoTI, ArAdhanAnAnI, khaMdhakacaritra sajjhAya, AdIzvara stavana vidhizataka, vidhivicAra, nizcayavyavahAra tavana, vItarAgasta0, gItArtha padAvabodhakula, atizayasta0, vIsaviharamAnajinastuti, zAntijinasta0, rUpakamAlA, ekAdazavacana dvitriMsikA, brahmacaryadazasamAdhi sthAna kula, citrakUTa caitya paripATI stanava, sattarabhedI pUjA gabhita 11 bola saM0, kAusagganA 19 doSa, zatrujayastotra, bhASAchatrIsI, kezipradezibandha, vIrastavana, vIralaghustavana, 29 bhAvanA (pra0), saMkSepa ArAdhanA (pra0) zrAvakavidhi, samyakatva svAdhyAya, kalyANaka stavana (pra0) aura saMvara kulakA Adi inameM se kucha cunI huI racanAoM kA vivaraNa aura bhASA kA namUnA Age prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / Apane adhikatara racanAoM kA nAma saMkhyAvAcaka jaise chatrIsI, batrIsI, dvAtriMzikA 19 doSa, 29 bhAvanA Adi rakhA hai / inameM se Agama cha trIsI kI bAnagI prastuta haiAdi 'suha gurucaraNa kamala praNamesu, pravacana guNaha kevikahesu, zrata bIjaka joi jANiye, nAma grantha saMkhyA ANiye / ' anta 'iNipari suvizAle paMcamakAle je Agama gaNi uddhariya, pustaka likhi rAkhyA jiNavare bhAkhyA bhaviyaNa hita kAraNa kariya / tasunAma pabhaNuM guNai pahANaM, bIjaka joi smRti bhaviya, cihuMvara chaMdiya mana ANaMdii, pAsacaMda haraSiiM bhaNiya / ' 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 140 aura bhAga 3 pR0 592

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424 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sAdhuvaMdanA-isameM sAdhuoM kI vaMdanA haiN| isakA prArambhika chaMda dekhiye : 'risaha jiNa pamUha ca uvIsa jiNavaMdiye, helisaMsAranA dukha savi chiDiye, puMDarIkAdi gaNadhAra muNi sAhuNI, sAraparivAra jagijAsu mahimA ghaNI / antimachanda - 'imi janavANI joi jANI hiyai ANI mai bhaNyAM, bhavataraNa tAraNa dukhavAraNa, sAdhu guru mukhi je sunnyaaN| ima acchai munivara joya hosya i. kAli anaMtai je huA, te satta chaMdiha zrI pAsacaMdai muni ANaMdai sNthuaa|88|' ina kI bhASA meM geyatA, laya, pravAha uccakoTi kA dikhAI par3atA hai / bhASA svaccha aura sarala tathA prAcInatA ke puTa se mukta hai| guru chatrIsI meM guru ko zraddhApUrvaka praNAma nivedita hai / ApakI kucha racanAyeM zataka saMjJaka haiM jaise dUhA zataka, aiSaNA zataka aadi| inameM se dUhA zataka kA eka dUhA dekhiye : 'jagannAtha jagamAta, kRpAspada kRpAkara, zaraNya bhakta sAdhAra, zruNa vijJaptikA mama / ' isakI bhASA saMskRta hai| saMdeza aura kAvya donoM dRSTiyoM se aiSaNA zataka mahattvapUrNa hai ataH usakA eka namUnA diyA jA rahA hai : 'zrI jina zAsana samava uiM avara na zAsana koi, kahi kima hIrAgara tula i, jagi lavaNAgara hoi|' ApakA saMskRta para acchA adhikAra prakaTa hotA hai| ApakI racanAoM meM stavanoM kI saMkhyA bhI paryApta hai| unameM se 34 atizaya stavana kI aMtima cAra paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM : - 'ima cAra atizaya janama sAthai jAva jIviya te rahe, igyAra atizaya karmakSaya thI, hatI gItAratha khe| ugaNIsa surakRta tIsacyAre, aha sAdhAraNa bhaNyA, sarva jina ne bhagati bhAvaI pAsacaMdiiM sNthunnyaa| ApakI do manorathamAlAyeM - cAritramanorathamAlA prakAzita ho cukI hai / zrAvakamanorathamAlA meM zrAvakoM ko saMsAra samudra pAra karane kA sugama upAya batAyA gayA hai, jaise1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 140 148 aura bhAga 3 pR0 585 se 595

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 425 'maNa manoratha ima kare je zrAvaka suvicAra, jima zrAvaka tima zrAvikA ttara tare saMsAra / ' rUpakamAlA saM0 1586 rANakapura meM likhI gii| isameM kavi ne racanAkAla Adi diyA hai / racanA zailI kAvyAtmaka hai / 'saMgaraMgaprabandha' meM satsaMgati kI mahimA kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai, yathA : 'sAdhu saMgi jagi jasu vistarai, sAdhusaMgi mana vaMchita phalai, sAdhusaMgi naya vinayaviveka , sAdhasaMgi guNa thAi aneka / / iNi pari duSTa saMga pariharau, sAdhasaMgi mani Adara karau, jima mana vaMchita suhaphala havai. haraSajJa zrIpAsacaMda bInavai / ' isameM dohA aura caupAI tathA chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ekAdha saMskRta ke zloka bhI haiN| inakI ArAdhanA, vInatI nAmaka kaI choTI-moTI racanAyeM 'prAtaHsmaraNIyaprakaraNasaMgraha' meM prakAzita haiM / ArAdhanA (moTI, saM0 1598 kI kucha paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'zrI jinacaraNa juyale praNamesu, suguru nAma hiyaDai samaresu / kahaisu saMkhepiiM ArAdhanA, bhavika jIva sukhsaadhnaa|' inakI eka racanA 'muhapattichatrIsI' sAmpradAyika viSaya ke vivecana se saMbandhita hai| jisameM unhoMne 'muhapatti' para apane vicAra vyakta kie haiN| isake uddharaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / vastupAlatejapAlarAsa (saM0 1597) inakI prasiddha aitihAsika racanA hai| isameM prasiddha maMtrIdvaya kA itivRtta varNita hai| ina bhAiyoM kA vivaraNa anya prasaMga meM pahale bhI A cukA hai ataH kathA vistAra kI apekSA nahIM hai / bhASA ke namUne ke lie isake Adi-anta ke padya die jA rahe haiM :Adi--'jiNa cuvIsa i calaNa namevIya, anaI sUyasAmiNi sarasati devIya sahi guru pAya pasAulai / rAsa baMdhi bihu baMdhava kerU, kAI kIjai carita (kavitta) naverU, vastapAla tejapAla taNau / ' anta'-- jINau au rAsu sAbhala u, jANe teha dhari suMrataru phalIu, pAsacaMda sUri ima bolate, bhaNai suNa i te sukha lahaMti / / 1. zrI mo0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3, pR0 591

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426 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'kezipradezibaMdha' ApakI eka choTI kathAtmaka kRti hai jisameM kezI dvArA rAjA paradezI ko pratibodhita karane kI ghaTanA kA varNana hai - namUnA dekhiye - 'praNamauM sirijiNa pAsa AsapUraNa jagatAraka, bAmAuri haMsa vara ikakhAgaha nAyaka / ' tAsu taNau saMtAna hUau garuau gurukesI, pratibodhyau jiNi heli sabala rAjA prdesii|' zatAbdI ke antima varSa saM0 1600 kI racanA 'khaMdhakacaritra' kI kucha paMktiyA~ bhI avalokanIya haiM, yathA--- 'Adi jiNa risaha zrI vIra cauvIsamau, bhAvi mo bhaviya jagadIza cauhua namauM, hauM puNa praNamiya bhaNisukhaMdaga carI, guru mukhi saMbhalya u suNau Adara krii|' zrAvakavidhisvAdhyAya (1601) meM zrAvakoM ko 'samyaktva' kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai / zatrujayastotra (42 kar3I) kI bhASA kA pravAha draSTavya hai "puDarIka giri maMDanarAyA karaiM, seva suranara vararAyA, zrI pAsacaMda tumha caraNe lAgai. bodhibIja lAbha jina mAragi laagi|" kAvya rUpoM kI dRSTi se apane rAsa, caupai, stavana, kulaka, sajjhAya, saMkhyA vAcaka padyabaMdha Adi nAnArUpoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, inameM se saMvara kulaka kI paMktiyA~ kulaka zailI ke udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM "zrAvaka savi chaMDI kumata bikhaMDI pAlaI je jina mata lahiya, te durgati vAmai zivapuri pAmai karma kSaya AThai kariya, ima jANai bhaviyA nirmala raliyA saMvari dharma karau sahiya // ' jaisA pUrva nivedana kiyA gayA hai ApakA sAhitya saMsAra bRhad hai aura usake samagra svarUpa ko isa sImA meM prastuta karanA kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH kucha thor3e se uddharaNoM ke dvArA unakI bhASA aura racanAzailI kI jhalaka prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ____ kavi ke rUpa meM ApakA vyaktitva jitanA bar3A hai, gadyakAra ke rUpa meM bhI usase tanika bhI kama nahIM hai| zrI nAhaTA jI ne inakI anya racanAoM, caubIsI, gacchAcArapaMcAzikA, SaDviMzatidvAragarbhita vIra 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3, pR0 595

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 427 stavana Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, parantu una sabakA yahA~ vivaraNa prastuta karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / ' ApakI bhASA niHssaMdeha maru gurjara hai jisapara rAjasthAnI kA kucha prabhAva vizeSa prakaTa hotA hai kyoMki ApakA na kevala janma rAjasthAna meM haA balki ApakA vihAra kSetra bhI adhikatara rAjasthAna hI rahA, ataH racanAoM kI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika thaa| puNyanaMdi-kharataragacchake AcArya jinasamudrasUri kI paramparAmeM (sAgaracandrasUri> ratna kIrti> samayabhakta) Apa samayabhaktasUri ke ziSya the| jina samudra sUri ko sUripada saMvat 1530 meM milA aura ve saMvat 1553 meM svargavAsI hue the / puNyanaMdi ne isI avadhi meM apanI prasiddha racanA 'rUpakamAlA' likhI, jo mAtra 32 padyoM kI hai. isa para kaI vidvAnoM ne saMskRta aura marugUrjara meM TIkAyeM likhI haiN| saMvat 1582 meM ratnaraMga upAdhyAya ne isapara bAlAvabodha likhA aura saM0 1663 meM suprasiddha kavi samayasundara ne saMskRta meM cUrNI likhii| isake atirikta puNyanaMdi ne kucha aura racanAyeM bhI kI jinakA saMgraha zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ke pAsa hai|' ___ rUpakamAlA zIla kI mahimA para prakAza DAlane vAlI sarala marugurjara kI laghu racanA hai jisakA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai :___ 'Adi jiNesara Adisau, sarasati saNa dAkhi, sIlataNAM guNa gAisu, tihuyaNa sAmiNi sAkhi / rUpakamAlA ke anta meM kavi ne viSaya ke mAhAtmya evaM apanI guru paramparA para prakAza DAlA hai ataH kucha sambaddha padya uddhRta kie jAte haiM 'sabala zIla mahimA nilau kuzalasUri siripATa, zrI jinasamudrasUri sohavai kharatala gurukaupATa / kuzIla uthApaka suzIla saMsthApaka sAgaracaMda, sUri rAya vayaNAyadI rayaNAkIrati gaNicaMda, rUpaka mAlA zIlanI pamaNai zrI puNyanandi / ' yadyapi isakA nizcita racanAkAla jJAta nahIM ho sakA kintu jinasamudra sUri ke AcArya kAla meM isa racanA kA nirmANa honA nizcita hone se yaha 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 pR0 15 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-rAjasthAnI sA0 kA madhyakAla, paramparA pa0 61 3. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 10 61 aura bhAga 3 pR0 491

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428 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kI racanA hai| rUpakamAlA bAlAvabodha meM racanAkAra zrI ratnaraMgopAdhyAya ne puNyanaMdi ko upAdhyAya kahA hai, yathA 'puNya naMdyupAdhyAyena zIla rUpaka mAlikA, vihitA bhavya jIvAnAM cittaM zuddhi vidhAyikA / ' isa prakAra Apa eka uttama vidvAn, sukavi aura paravartI vidvAnoM dvArA samAdRta lekhaka the| ApakI bhASA meM kAvyocita mAdhurya evaM laya-pravAha hai / ApakI kAvya bhASA svAbhAvika marugurjara kA kAvyocita svarUpa prastuta karatI hai| puNyaratna-(AMcalika AcArya sumatisAgara sUri ke ziSya zrI gajasAgara sUri ke Apa ziSya the) ? Apane saM0 1596 meM nemirAsa-yAdavarAsa' nAmaka rAsa likhA / zrI desAI ne inheM 16vIM zatAbdI kA kavi batAyA hai| isa rAsako 64 gAthAkI racanA kahA hai kintu na to kavike sambandha meM aura na hI racanAke sambandhameM koI uddharaNa vivaraNa diyA hai / unhoMne bhAga 1 meM puNyaratna ko 17vIM zatAbdI kA batAyA thA aura unheM AMcalika gaccha ke gajasAgara sUri kA ziSya batAyA thaa| unakI racanA kA nAma bhI 'nemirAsayAdavarAsa' likhA hai, vaha racanA bhI 64.65 kar3I kI hai lekhaka kA nAma bhI eka hI hai phira donoM eka hI kavi kyoM nahIM hai, yaha samajha meM nahIM aayaa| zrI desAI ne bhAga 3 meM sApha likhA hai ki AMcalika puNya ratna se bhinna puNyaratna dUsare haiM / astu, Age unhoMne bhAga 1 meM nemirAsa-yAdavarAsa kA samaya nahIM diyA hai kintu puNyaratna kI eka dUsarI racanA sanatakumAra rAsa kA samaya saM0 1637 likhA hai ataH aisA lagatA hai ki do puNya ratna ho sakate haiM kintu nemirAsa-yAdavarAsa kartA puNyaratna 16vIM ke haiM aura sanatakumAra rAsa ke kartA puNyaratna 17vIM zatAbdI ke haiN| isI AdhAra para 'puNyaratna kI racanA nemirAsa yAdavarAsa' kA vivaraNa uddharaNa 16vIM zatAbdI ke antargata diyA jA rahA haiAdi- 'sArada pAya praNamI karI, nemitaNA guNa hIyaiM dharevi, rAsa bhaguralIyAmaNo, guNa gAisa giruA saMkhevi, hubalihArI yaadvaa| aka rasau ratha pAcho vAli, aparAdha namai kau kIU, kAI chor3ai nava jovana bAla, rAjala prIu prati ima kahai, huM balihArI yaadvaa| 1. zrI desAI--je0 gu0 kavi bhAga 3 pR0 618

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 429 anta meM na to guru paramparA milI aura na racanA kAla isalie inake sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se kucha kahanA kaThina hai| anta-'samudravijaya tanu guNanila u, sevakarai jasu suranaravRda, punaratana muni vinavai, zrIsaMgha saprasana zrInemijiNaMda, hubalihArI yaadvaa|'' isa uddharaNa se itanA to nizcita hai ki isa kRti kA lekhaka punaratana (puNyaratna) nAmaka kavi hI hai, aba cAhe vaha AMcalagacchIya ho yA kisI anyagaccha kA ho, yA cAhe vaha 16vIM ke anta kA ho yA 17vIM ke prArambhika caraNa kA, yaha vivAdAspada viSaya hai| ApakI dUsarI racanA nizcaya hI 17vIM zatI kI hai ataH usakA vivaraNa vahA~ diyA jaayegaa| puNyalabdhi -Apa paMDita rAjahema gaNi ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1600 ke Asa-pAsa 'anAthI caupai' (61 kar3I) nAmaka racanA kA sRjana kiyaa| Arambha meM kavi ne rAja hemagaNi ko namana kiyA hai, yathA - 'siddha savenaI karU praNAma, je puNa pAmiuM uttama ThAma, sAdhu save namukarajoDi, bhava bhamivA jiNa lAgI khoDi / alIya vayaNa bolAiM jeha, micchATukkar3a ho jyo tea, artha dharma gata tatva vizAla, bhaNatAM suNatAM atihisAla / ' isakI antima do paMktiyA~ bhI prastuta haiM : uttama guNe karI saMjjutta, gupte guptau daMDa viratta, pakSInI pari haluu sAhasI, bhugati mAMhi te vicaraiM hasI / 61 / ' isa racanA kI marugurjara bhASA para hindI kA adhika prabhAva pratIta hotA hai| jaise 'artha dharmagata tatva vizAla' "atihi rasAla' pUrI paMkti hI hindI kI hai| yaha bhASA zailI isa bAta kA sabUta hai ki 16vIM zatAbdI ke anta aura 17vIM zatI ke prArambha taka hinhI aura rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI kA melamilApa atyadhika ghaniSTha thA aura alagAva kI bhAvanA raMcamAtra bhI nahIM dikhAI detii| petho-Apa jaMbU grAma vAsI zrImAla jAti ke zrAvaka the| Apake guru AMcalagacchIya jayakezara sUri the| sUri jI ko AcArya pada saM0 1494 meM 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhA0 1 pR0 243-244 2. vahI bhAga 3 pR0 646 3. vahI

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430 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa aura gacchanAyaka pada saM0 1501 meM prApta huA thA / Apa saM0 1542 meM svargavAsI hae the| petho kA samaya 16vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha ho sakatA hai| Apane 'pArzvanAthadasabhavavivAhalo' (gA0 206) kI racanA isI samaya kI hogii| isakI prAmbhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai : 'sarasati sAmaNi karU a pasAu, mujha mani aha UmAhilu a, ghavala vadhii bahU lAgau~ ThAu~, gAyazUjiNaha jIrAulu a, mUla carita prabha kerauM pAsa, bhAvihiM bhavIyaNa sAMbhalu a, sAMbhalatA hui puNya prakAza, dasai bhavaMtara devanA / '1 petho uccapadAsIna vyakti thA, isakA padya dekhiye: 'kIdha kavita vizAlo, rUaDUanaiM rasAlo, par3hata gaNatAhAM sidhe, Avai avicala ridhi / ' ise 'pArzvanAtha vivAhala' bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha eka lokapriya racanA thii| isakI hasta pratiyA~ 16vIM zatI ke anta se hI milanI zurU ho jAtI hai / zrI desAI jI ne isakI tIna pratiyoM kA vivaraNa jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 484 para diyA hai| bhaTTAraka pramAcanda-Apane svayaM marugurjarameM kucha nahIM likhA kintu saikar3oM naI pratilipiyA~ karAI aura tamAma prAcIna pratiyoM kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| ina pratiyoM ko zAstra bhaMDAroM meM surakSita rakhavAkara jaina sAhitya kI bar3I mahattvapUrNa sevA kii| isalie sAhitya saMrakSaka ke rUpa meM ye sadaiva smaraNIya rheNge| brahmamuni (vinayadevasUri)-Apa vijayadevasUri ke paTTadhara the| pAvacandragacchIya sAdhuratna evaM pArzacandra ke Apa ziSya the / inhoMne jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti aura dazAzrutaskaMdhaTIkA meM apane ko cAlukya vaMza kA rAjaputra aura sAdhuratna tathA pArzvacandra kA ziSya batAyA hai| ina racanAoM ko vijayadeva sUri ne dekhA aura sudhArA thaa| Apa eka mahAn AcArya aura uttama lekhaka the| ApakA bacapana kA nAma brahmakuMvara thaa| ApakA janma saM0 1568 meM mAlavA ke AjaNoThaM nAmaka grAma meM huA thaa| Apake pitA caulukya yA solaMkI rAjA padmarAya the aura mAtA kA nAma sItA de thaa| jaba Apa ATha sAla ke the tabhI mA~-bApa kI mRtyu ho gaI aura inake kAkA kArobAra dekhane lage / agale sAla kAkA guNasiMha inheM tathA inake bhAI dhanarAja ko lekara 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR. 56

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 431 giranAra gaye / vahA~ raMgamaMDaNa RSike upadeza se inheM vairAgya huA aura dIkSA le lii| vahIM para puNyaratna. sAdhuratna tathA pArzvacandra rahate the| usa samaya gaccha ke AcArya vijayadevasUri the jinhoMne varadarAja nAma se vijayanagara ke rAjA rAmarAjA ke darabAra meM digambaroM ko parAjita kiyA thA aura vahIM utsavapUrvaka unheM AcArya pada pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| pArzvacandra se vidyApAsa karake brahmakuMvara jaba khaMbhAta pahu~ce to vijayadevasUri bImAra the| unhoMne brahmamuni ko sUrimaMtra dekara unakA nAma vinayadevasUri rkhaa| anazana pUrvaka unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt ye paTTadhara hue / caumAse ke pAraNA ke prazna para vinayadevasUri kA gaccha se matabheda ho gayA aura saM0 1602 meM unhoMne kar3aA ke sahayoga se burahAnapura meM nayA gaccha (saudharma gaccha) sthApita kiyaa| saM0 1646 meM ApakA svargavAsa huA / manajI RSi ne 'vinayadevasUri rAsa' usI samaya likhA thA jo aitihAsika rAsa saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| Apa 16vIM-17vIM zatAbdI ke lekhaka haiN| aise kavi jo do zatAbdiyoM meM sUjanazIla the unheM pahale kI hI zatAbdI meM rakhane kA krama calAyA jA rahA hai ataH Apa kI sabhI pratinidhi racanAoM kI sUcanA 16 vIM zatI ke antargata dI jA rahI hai| __racanA sUcI-cArapratyekabuddha cau0 saM0 1597, sudharmagacchaparIkSA, sudarzanazeThacaupai, aThArapApasthAnaparihArabhASA, "jina neminAtha vivAhalu uttarAdhyayananAsarvaadhyayanasaMjjhAya, jinapratimAsthApana prabaMdha, sumatinAgilarAsa, ajAputra rAsa, pArzvanAtha stavana, AdIzvara stavana, vaMbhaNAdhIza pArzvastavana, antakAla ArAdhanA, ahannaka sAdhu gIta, aSTakarma vicAra, candraprabha svAmIdhavala, saMbhavanAtha stava, bharatabAhubalirAsa, zAMtinAtha vivAhalu, vAsupUjyasvAmIdhavala Adi ke alAvA saiddhAntikavicAra, catapUrvI vyAkhyA Adi aneka racanAoM kI sUcanA bhI desAI ne dI hai| jinakA paricaya Age diyA jA rahA hai cAra pratyekabuddha caupai-bhASA ke namUne ke lie isake prArambha aura anta kA chanda diyA jA rahA hai-. prArambha -'jiNa cauvIsai paikamala, mani dhari harSa namesu, suguru vacana subhamaMtra jiM hIyaDA mAhi dharesu / mUnivara jo jaga jANIi, pratyaya dekhI buddha, mana ANaMdai vaMdi kari kahisyauM tAsa prabandha / ' 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 1, pR0 152-58

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432 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa anta sAsaNa devatA Apai laMga, saMjama pAlai RSi, te munivara naumani dharinAMma, harSai 'bramhau' karai praNAma / sudharma gaccha parIkSA meM navagaccha Arambha karane para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, yaha zuddha sAmpradAyika racanA hai kintu jaina sAhitya aura dharma ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa tathyoM para prakAza DAlatI hai| isakA Adi aura anta kA chanda prastuta hai :Adi vIra nama kara aMjali karI, sAdhUtaNA gUNamani saMbharI, sAcA dharma parIkSA bhaNI, vigati kahu kAI gaccha taNI, vIra taNA gaNadhara igyAra, nava gaccha tehaM taNA imadhAra, pA~ca gaNadhara nA gaccha paMca, paMca paMcasaya muNivara saMca / anta gacchAcAra taNI caupAi, gAthA akaso tihunera thai o sAMbhalI saudharma gaccha bhajo, pApa matinI saMgati tjo| ima joine jiNavara ANa, sUtra artha savi karo praNAma, abhiniveza mana no pariharo, brahma kahe jima sivasukha vro|173| isa prakAra 173 chandoM meM saudharma gaccha kA uddezya isa racanA dvArA kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai| ___ nAgila sumati co0 saM0 1612 arthAt 17vIM zatI kI racanA hai / isameM racanA kAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : -- 'saMvata sole vArottara, Aso sUdi sAtamidina gUre, nAgila sumati taNI caupai, guru prasAdi sNpuurnnthi|614|' isameM caupAI aura dohA chaMda prayukta huA hai / isa meM kavi ne apanA nAma brahma likhA hai / supArzva jina vivAhalo saM. 1632 kI racanA hai| isameM apanA nAma vinayadevasUri likhA hai / lagatA hai ki isI bIca Apa brahmamuni se vinayadevasUri hue the| bharatabAhuvalirAsa (325) kar3I saM0 1634 kI kRti hai| isameM bharata aura bAhuvali kI suparicita kathA dI gaI hai| yaha racanA 'Avazyaka niyukti' ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / racanAkAla isa prakAra kahA hai : 'saMvata sola varasa cautrIsa, karI caupai dharI jagIza, bhaNatA guNatA maMgala karau, jihAM jinadharma tAM lagi vistarau / sAdhu vaMdanA nAmaka kRti meM 138 kar3iyAM haiN| isameM seTha sudarzana, kayavannA, yazomatI Adi sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 668

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28 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 433 zAntinAtha vivAhalo kA viSaya svayaM spaSTa hai| vAsupUjya svAmI dhavala bhI vivAhalo ke prakAra kA hI utsava gIta hai do paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'racyau dhavala jima cAritri vakhANyau, jANI gurumukhi marma, vA thira paDhau guNau bhaviyaNa jaNa, jAM varatai jiNa dharma / 29 / ' prathamAsravadvArakulaka kI do paMktiyAM dekhiye :'nirmala mati kari samakita viratisU, pApa karma karau dUri, avicala padavI re pAmau vehathI, bhaNai vinayadevasUri / 92 / ' 'anta kAla ArAdhanA phala' kA anta isa prakAra huA hai:--- 'iNibhavi parabhavi sukha dhaNA Avai, brahma kahaiM avicala pada thApai / aha ArAdhanA je jana karasai, te sukha saMpadA nizcai barasai / 124 / / sudarzana seTha cau0 meM sudarzana kA nirmala caritra aMkita kiyA hai| usake zIla kI sarAhanA kavi ina zabdoM meM karatA hai : 'RSirAya bramha ulAsa zIla taNA guNa varaNavyA, kIyo caritra prakAza sudarzana jI seTha ko| adhiko ocho kahyo hoya tehane micchAmi dukaDaM, sUtrA prAkRta joya jehane anusAra bhaassiyo| zIla taNo vakhANa par3he suNe nara je sadA, pavitra kare jIbha kAna sukhapAva te saastaaN|'' isakI bhASA meM 'pavitra kare jIbha kAna sukha pAve' Adi zabda hindI ke hai| atyanta sarala evaM bolacAla kI pracalita bhASA kA prayoga kavi ne kiyA hai| ApakI bhASA para yatra-tatra, gujarAtI kA prabhAva bhI spaSTa dikhAI detA hai / 'aThArapApa sthAnaparihAra bhASA' meM jainazAstroM meM varNitasamyaktva kA mahattva kavi ne deza bhASA meM varNita kiyA hai| kavi dvArA bhASA zabda bhAsa ke artha meM bhI kaI jagaha prayukta kiyA gayA hai| brahma kRta ATha-dasa bhASa kI sUcanA zrI maNilAla bakorabhAI vyAsa ne dI hai| 'uttarAdhyayana' ko bhI inhoMne bhAsa hI kahA hai, ise jIvAjIva vimattI gIta bhI kahA hai / aThAradoSa meM jIvavadha, paranArIgamana Adi doSoM se bacane kI cetAvanI kavi ne dI hai yathA1 zrI mo0 da0 desAI-0 gu0 ka 0 bhAga 3 pR0 610.613 2. vahI bhAga 1 pR0 155

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434 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'jIvavadha asatya vrata anai corI, nArinI saMgatipApa nIurI, saMbhala u prANIyA aha vicAra, mugati taNAM sukha te lahai sAra / ' anta meM inakI lokapriyaracanA 'jina neminAtha vivAhala kI kucha paMktiyAM dI jA rahI haiN| neminAtha ke vivAha prasaMga ke varNana kA lobha zAyada hI koI samartha jaina kavi saMvarita kara pAyA hogA, paMktiyAM dekhie a dhavala racyauM maI ANI mani ANaMda, brahmacArI nirupama gAyau nemijiNaMda / pada akSara mAtrA hINA kahiuM hai joya, paMDita jana joi niratauM karajyo tem|" Adi isa kavi ne bhAsa, rAsa, kulaka, dhavala, vivAhalo, stotra, stavana, gIta Adi nAnA kAvyarUpoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / brahmabUcA (bUcarAja)-Apa bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti ke ziSya the kintu bahuta samaya taka Apa bha0 prabhAcandra ke priya ziSyoM meM rhe| Apane apanI racanAoM meM apane bAre meM kucha nahIM likhA hai| apanA kaI nAma avazya prayukta kiyA hai yathA-bUcA, balha, vIlha, valhava aadi| ina nAmAntaroM ke kAraNa inakI racanAoM ke sambandha meM bhI kAphI matabheda kI gUnjAiza rahI hai / Apane adhikatara paMjAba aura rAjasthAna meM vihAra aura dharmopadeza kiyaa| DaoN0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla ne saM0 1530 se saM0 1600 ke AsapAsa kI avadhi ko ApakA racanAkAla batAyA hai|' unhoMne ApakI nimna racanAyeM batAI haiM - ___ racanAyeM-(1) mayaNajujjha' ( 1589 ), saMtoSajaya tilaku 1591 hisAra, bArahamAsA nemizvara, cetanapudgaladhamAla, nemizvaravasantu, TaMDANA mIta aura bhuvanakIti gIta / isake atirikta vibhinna rAgoM meM nibaddha 11 gIta evaM pada bhI prApta haiN| bhASA-Apake racanAoM kI bhASA purAnI hindI (marugurjara) hai jisapara kahIM-kahIM rAjasthAnI aura paMjAbI kA kucha prabhAva jhalakatA hai| inakI kRtiyoM ko dekhane se ye saMskRta, prAkRta. apabhraMza, hindI, paMjAbI aura rAjasthAnI ke acche jJAtA pratIta hote haiN| Age inakI racanAoM meM se kucha pramukha kRtiyoM kA paricaya evaM uddharaNa diyA jA rahA hai| 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-mahAkavi bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya mayaNa jujjha -yaha apabhraMza se prabhAvita racanA hai, usa samaya kAvyaracanA meM apabhraMza kA sthAna marugurjara le cukI thI kintu kucha racanAoM meM prAcIna rUr3ha kAvya bhASA kA prayoga bhI kavi yadA-kadA kara dete the| yaha eka rUpaka kAvya hai jisameM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva evaM kAmadeva ke yuddha meM kAma para tIrthaMkara kI vijaya dikhAI gaI hai| isameM kula 159 padya haiN| isameM vividha chanda, gAthA. raDDA, aDilla. dohA, kavitta Adi kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| tatkAlIna pracalita urdU ke zabda phauja, naphIrI Adi bhI prayukta haiM sAtha hI upajjai, NivANi, ikku Adi zabdoM meM dvitta kI pravRtti paMjAbI prabhAva ke kAraNa ho sakatI hai jisake kAraNa inakI bhASA ko kucha vidvAn apabhraMza aura kucha DiMgala batAte haiN| isameM kAyArUpI durga meM cetana rAjA, maMtrI mana, pravRtti-nivRtti nAmaka do rAniyA~ aura moha tathA viveka nAmaka do putroM kA rUpaka bA~dhA gayA hai| donoM putra moha aura viveka meM pratispardhA hai / moha kA putra kAmadeva apanI vasaMta Adi kI senA lekara viveka ke vijayArtha calatA hai lekina RSabhadeva kI dharmapurI nahIM jItI jA skii| usake sabhI yoddhA-mada, kalaha, lobha Adi hAra gaye / isa prakAra RSabhadeva ne saMyamapUrvaka kAma ko parAjita kiyaa| isakI bhASA kA udAharaNa dekhiye : 'jahana jarA na maraNu jatthaM puNi vyAdhina veyaNu, jaha na deha na neha joti mai taha Thai ceyaNu / jaha Thai sukkha anaMta nyAna desaNA avalovahi, kAlu viNAsa i sayalu siddha puNi kAlahi khovahi / ' isameM racanAkAla kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, yathA 'rAi vikkama taNauM saMvatu navAsiya paNarahasa, sarada rutti Asavaja vakhANi tithi paDivA sukalu pakhu / ' 'jaya santoSa tilaka' bhI eka rUpaka kAvya hai jo saM0 1591 meM likhA gayA / yaha hindI, paMjAbI se prabhAvita marugurjara kI racanA hai| yaha hisAra meM likhI gii| 'santokhaha jaya tilau jaMpiu hisAra naya maMjha meM, je suNahi bhaviya ikka mani te pAvahiM vaMchiya sukha / 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla - kavivara bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi pR0 45

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436 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isameM 123 padya haiM jisameM raMjikA, gItikA, sATika, raDDA, gAthA, SaTpada, dUhA, paddhaDiyA caMdAiNa, troTaka Adi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isameM nAyaka santoSa aura lobha pratinAyaka hai / ekabAra bhagavAn mahAvIra jaba pAvApurI padhAre to gautama ne unase pUchA ki jIva lobha se kaise bace tathA lobha para kauna aura kaise vijaya prApta kara sakA ? mahAvIra bole 'suNahu goima kahai jiNaNAhu, yaha sAsaNu vimmalai, suNaMta dhammu bhava baMdha cuTTahi / lobha dusai iva jitayai santokhaha parisAdi / " isI prazna kA uttara isa rUpaka meM diyA gayA hai / isakI bhASA mayaNajujjhase pariSkRta hote hue bhI apabhraMza evaM prAcInatA ke puTa se pUrNatayA mukta nahIM hai / akArAnta kI pravRtti aura gAthAoM kA prayoga apabhraMza ke avaziSTa prabhAva kA dyotaka hai / isameM kavi ne apanA nAma valhi batAyA hai, yathA 'yahu santokhahu jaya tilaka jaMpiu valhi subhAi / maMgala caubIsa saMgha kahu. karai vIru jiNarAi / racanAkAla 'saMvati panara DakyANa, bhaddavisiya pakhi paMcamI divase, sakkavAri svAti vRSe, jeu taha jANi vaMbha NAmeNa / 122 / ' - 'nemizvara bArahamAsa' --- isameM zrAvaNa se ASAr3ha taka 12 mahInoM meM nemi ke tapasvI jIvana ke kAraNa upanna rAjula kI viraha vedanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / yaha saM0 1581 ke bAda kI racanA hai / isameM kavi ne apanA nAma bucA likhA hai | yathA 'ASAr3ha caDiyA bhaNai 'bUcA' nemi ajau na AiyA / 2 zrAvaNa mAsa meM anyatra gamana na karane kI prArthanA karatI huI virahiNI kahatI hai 'e ruti sAvaNo sAvaNi nemi jiNa gavaNo na kIjai ve / suNi sAraMgA bhASa dusah tanu khiNu khiNu chIjai ve / 'vinavati rAjula suNahu nemi jina gavauM nA karu sAvaNo / ' 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAmalIvAla - kavivara butrarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi pR0 20 2. vahI pR0 23

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 437 rAjula kI AMkhoM se AsuoM kI jhar3I lagI rahatI hai, vaha nirantara bATa johatI rahatI hai / 'caDi maMDape maMDipi rAjula maggo neho laive, maggo nihAlai devi rAjula nayaNa daha disi dhAvae / sara rasahi sArasa ravaNi bhinni dusaha virahu jgve|'' prastuta bArahamAle meM kapi rAjula kI viraha vedanA ko mArmika zabdoM meM vyakta karane meM pUrNa saphala huA hai| cetanapudgaladhamAla-yaha 136 padyoM kI eka mahatvapUrNa saMvAdAtmaka kRti hai jisameM cetana aura pudgala eka dUsare para vAk prahAra karate haiN| jar3a kahatA hai 'cetana ceti na cAlai kahau ta mAnairosu, Ape bolata so phirai jar3ahi lagAvahi dosu, cetana sunnu|' lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM ke prayoga se bhASA adhika cuTIlI ho gaI hai, yathA 'aMdhA bATai jevar3I, pAchai bAchA khaai|' isake anta meM pAMca chappaya haiN| zeSa racanA dIpaka rAga meM likhI gaI hai| yaha rocaka saMvAdAtmaka kAvya hai jisameM saMvAda sajIva, bhASA-zailI prakhara evaM prabhAvakArI hai / . neminAtha vasaMtu... yaha laghu racanA hai jisameM vasanta kA AdhyAtmika varNana hai| saMyama zrI rAjula isa suhAvanI Rtu meM nemi ko dekhatI hai ki jaba saMsAra sotA hai taba ve jAgate haiM aura moha ko bhasma kara cuke haiN| vaha bhaktipUrvaka nAnA manohara puSpoM dvArA neminAtha kI arcanA karatI hai| isa racanA kA nirmANa mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka padmanaMdi ke prasAda se huA, yathA 'mUla saMgha mukhamaMDaNa padmanandi supasAi, bIlha vasaMtu 'ji gAvai se sukhi rasIya karAi / ' TaMDANA gIta-vanajAre bailoM para vaNijya-vastuyeM lAdakara calate haiM use TAMDA kahate haiM / kavi kahatA hai yaha saMsAra hI eka TaMDANA hai jisameM dukhoM kA bojha hai / ataH jIva ko kavi cetAvanI detA hai ki binA mAyA lobhAdi ko chor3e sahaja sukha kI prApti kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai| kucha paMktiyAM dekhiye_ 'TaMDANA TaMDANA mere jIvar3A, TaMDANA TaMDANA ve, ihi saMsAre dukha bhaMDAre, kyA guNa dekhi lubhANA ve / 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-ka0 bUcA 3, sa0, pR0 87

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438 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa suddha sarupa sahaji liva nisadina, jhAvau aMtara jhANAve, jaMpati bUcA jima tumhi pAvahu, vaMchita sukha niravANAve / bhuvanakIrti gIta meM kavi ne apane guru AcArya bhuvanakIrti kI stuti kI hai| unake saMyama aura caritra-zIla kA bakhAna karatA huA kavi kahatA hai bUcarAja maNi zrI ratnakIti pATiu dayosaha guro, zrI bhuvanakIti AsIkhAdahi saMdhu kaliyo surtro|| ina racanAoM ke alAvA bUcarAja ne lagabhaga eka darjana choTe-bar3e gIta bhI likhe haiM / inameM se kucha para paMjAbI bhASA kA paryApta prabhAva hai, yathA 'vAle valivehuM bhAve, manu mAyA dhuli rAcA ve, vAle valivehuM mAve rahai ATha madi mAttA ve| inake laghu gItoM meM jinendra ke prati bhakti, jagata kI nissAratA aura mAnava kartavyoM kA smaraNa karAyA gayA hai| adhikAMza gIta paMjAbI tarja aura bhASA zailI se prabhAvita haiM / ho sakatA hai ki inakI racanA kavi ke paMjAba vihAra ke samaya huI ho| inakI racanAoM kA pradhAna uddezya AtmavikAsa ke sAtha bhaktoM aura ziSyoM kA mArga darzana hai| viSaya bhogoM meM DUbe rAjapUtoM aura dambha tathA vilAsitA ke putale musalamAnoM ko sAvadhAna karatA huA kavi apane rUpaka-kAvyoM dvArA manuSya ko saccA mArga batAtA hai| ve eka janakavi the ataH sAmAnya janatA ko udbodhita karane ke lie unhoMne aisI bhASA aura kAvya zailI cunI thI jisase janatA pUrA lAbha uThA ske| isIlie inakI bhASA meM alagAva nahIM balki aneka bhASAoM kA sammilita prayoga milatA hai| eka namUne ke sAtha yaha vivaraNa pUrA kiyA jAyegA "viNu ruji bhoyaNa jisA bandharasi tisi kahANI, jisA bhAva viNu bhagati tiso motI viNu pANI / taisoM ju vIju karamakha yogi rahI saMpaivA ghAtiu, kavi kahai valhe re buhyapaNaha jiNa sAsaNa vijugama iva / " 1. DaoN0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-mahAkavi bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi pR0 107 2. vahI pa0 114 3. vahI, pR0 120

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 439 sUhau rAga meM nibaddha isa gIta meM saMsAra kA svarUpa samajhAyA gayA hai| ApakI bhASA ko DaoN0 kAsalIvAla ne hindI kahA hai / vastutaH gulerI jI ne bhI ise purAnI hindI hI kahA hai| kintu jaisA anyatra kaI bAra kahA jA cukA hai ki purAnI hindI aura marugurjara meM koI maulika antara nahIM hai, donoM prAyaH paryAyavAcI haiM, ataH mahAkavi bUcarAja hindI yA marugurjara ke zreSTha kavi haiN| budharAja!--(kacarAya) nAmaka hindI kavi kI sUcanA zrI desAI ne jaina gurjara kaviyoM pR0 579 para dI hai| unakI racanA kA nAma bhI madanayuddha yA madanarAsa hai jo saM0 1589 meM likhI gaI hai| brahmabUcA ke mayaNajujjha kA nirmANakAla bhI ThIka saM0 1589 hI hai| brahmabUcA kI bhASA ko DaoN0 kAsalIvAla hindI batAte haiM yadyapi zrI desAI ne inheM hindI kavi ghoSita kara diyA hai para ye hamAre bUcarAja jI hI haiN| uddharaNoM ke milAna se bhI yahI bAta siddha hotI hai| ataH budharAja yA kacarAya bhI bUcA, valha, vIlha ke hI nAmAntara pratIta hote haiM / bhaktilAbha-kharataragaccha ke prasiddha vidvAn upAdhyAya jayasAgara ke praziSya aura jinasiMhasUri ke ziSya bhaktilAbha upAdhyAya bhI isa zatAbdI ke acche vidvAn the| inakI kalpAntaravAcya, bAlazikSA Adi saMskRtaracanAoM ke atirikta laghujAtaka nAmaka jyotiSa grantha kI TIkA ( saM0 1571 bIkAnera ) bhI prApta hai / Apa marugurjara ke uttama kavi the| Apane sImaMdharastavana, varakANAstavana, jIrAvalAstavana aura rohiNIstavana Adi stavanoM ke alAvA zrI jinahaMsasUrigIta bhI likhA hai| isa prakAra Apa eka sukavi aura acche gadyakAra the| gadya meM racita ApakI 'vacanAvalI' Adi kI carcA gadyakhaNDa meM kI jaayegii| ApakI 'zrIjinahaMsasUriguru gIta' nAmaka choTI racanA ( 18 gAthA ) aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha meM prakAzita hai| zrI jinahaMsasUri ko saM0 1555 meM sUri pada prApta huA thA aura saM0 1582 meM unakA svargavAsa ho gayA / ataH bhaktilAbha kA bhI yahI racanAkAla hogaa| gurugIta se jJAta hotA hai ki jinahaMsasUri sikandara lodI ke samakAlIna the aura use prabhAvita kara Apane 500 baMdiyoM ko mukta karAyA thaa| ApakI racanA AcArAMgadIpikA (saM0 1582) prasiddha hai| Apake sUripada kA mahotsava karamasiMha ne dhUmadhAma se kiyA thaa| Agare meM 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 579.580

Page #457
440 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa ApakA pravezotsava DUgarasI ne karAyA thaa| bAdazAha sikandara lodI dvArA Apake sammAna se sambandhita paMktiyA~ dekhiye : "taMbola didhau sujasa lIdhau isI bAta ghaNI suNI, zrI sikandara bAdazAha bar3ai dillInau dhaNI / 11 / " racanA kA prArambhika chanda nimnAMkita hai sarasati matidiu amha ati ghaNI sarasa sukomalavANi, zrI majjinahaMsa sUri guru gAisiu, mana lINau guNa jANi / ' do aitihAsika mahattva ke prasaMga ina chaMdoM meM haiN| baMdI chur3Ane kA prasaMga dekhiye: "vaMdi choDi moTau viruda lAdhau, bAdazAhe parakhiyA, zrI pAsanAha jiNaMda tuTThau, saMgha sakalai harakhiyA / pATotsava kA varNana dekhiye 'pATa utsava lAkha becI (pirojI) kara karamasiMha karAvae / guru ThAmi ThAmi vihAra karatA, AgarA jaba aave| antima chanda-'zrI bhaktilAbha uvajhAya bolai bhagati ANI ati ghaNI, zrI jinahaMsasUri cirakAla jIvau, gacchakharatara sira dhaNI / ' Apake ziSya cArucandra bhI acche kavi the, inakI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| bhaktivijaya ---saM0 1522 meM racita citrasenapadmAvatIrAsa' kA inheM jai0 gu0 kavi bhAga 1 pR0 56 meM lekhaka kahA gayA hai kintu zrI desAI jI ne bhAga 3 meM ( pR0 484 ) sUcita kiyA hai ki vastutaH 1522 meM citrasenapadmAvatIcaritra kI racanA mulataH saMskRta meM pAThaka rAjavallabha ne kI thii| ataH usI varSa marugarjara meM usI kathA para usI nAma se bhakti vijaya kI yaha racanA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotii| avazya kahIM kucha bhUla ho gaI hai| eka bhaktivijaya 18vIM zatAbdI meM nayavijaya ke ziSya hue haiM jo acche gadyakAra bhI the| unakA vivaraNa yathAsthAna diyA jaayegaa| 1. ai0 je0 kAvya saM0-pa0 53 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 65 3. vahI je0 ma0 gu0 ka0 10 139 .

Page #458
441 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya bhAnucandra-(bhANacandra) loMkAgacchIya vidvAn the| ApakI racanA 'dayAdharma caupai' saM0 1578 meM likhI gii| isameM 25 kar3I hai aura yaha prakAzita hai| 'zrImAnlokAzAha' nAmaka grantha ke pR0 234 se 237 para yaha racanA dI gaI hai| isakA prathama chaMda isa prakAra hai vIra jiNesara praNamipAya, suguru taNu lahalo mupasAya, bhaSma grahano roSa apAra, jAi na dharama paDiyo aMdhakAra / ' isameM aneka aitihAsika sUcanAyeM dI gaI haiM / yathA "caudasaya vyAsI vaisAkhai, vada caudasa nAma luko rAkhai, ATha barisa no luko thayo, sA Dugara paralokai gayo / dayA dharma jaha halatI jyota, sA luke kIdhau udyota, panara saya vatIsau pramANa, sA luko pAmyo nirvaann| panarasaya aThayottara jANauM mAgha zudi sAtamapramANau, bhAnucanda yati mati ullasau dayAdharma luke vilasau / 25 / " isa prakAra yaha lokamata ke pravartaka lokAzAha kI jIvanI para prakAza DAlane vAlI mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika kRti hai| 16 zatAbdI meM lokAzAha kA dhArmika Andolana sarvavidita hai / isakI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai| bhAva-(upAdhyAya) Apa brahmANagacchIya buddhisAgarasUri kI paramparA meM gaNamANika ke ziSya the| Apane harizcandraprabandha, aura aMbaDarAsa nAmaka racanAyeM likhIM / ina donoM racanAoM kA kartA zrI desAI ne 'guNamANikaziSya' ko batAyA thA kintu bhAga 3 meM unhoMne usa ziSya kA nAma bhAva batAyA hai / harizcandraprabandha (350 chanda) maMgalAcaraNa "sarasati sAmaNi vInavU tribhuvana jaNaNI mAya, racU caritra haricaMda taNU, brahma pasAya / kRpA karumajha svAminI, vaMchita dAyaka deva, eka manu natu ulagu, sadA karu tamha seva / " antima chanda "rukmAgaMda sagAlapuri, avicala jima hoya, te mati Apo mujha valI. kahai haricaMda soya, caupai tiNi avasari dIThA sAdha, dharma suNI mati saMjama lAdha / strIya putra sahita parivAra, saMjama dhArI siva sukhakAra / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhA0 3, pR0 574 2. vahI, bhAga 1 pR0 171 -

Page #459
442 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa dUhA -- 'a prabandha zravaNe suNai bhaNasai jina naranAri, ghara navanidhi AMgaNai pAmai sukhasaMsAra / 354 | " aMbaDarAsa -- yaha racanA sAta AdezoM meM ( 166 chaMda) pUrNa huI hai, isakA prathama chaMda dekhiye - Aditi kiti Adihi achaI, mahiali mAMhi jayavaMta, kavi kahi tripurA suNau, caraNa kamala praNamati // 3 anta meM kavi likhatA hai - sIkha huI te sIkhayo na hItari gahana ja haMti, uvajhAya bhAva kahi, rakhe koini hiNaMti / 162 | 2 isase lagatA hai ki isa racanA ke samaya taka bhAva ko upAdhyAya pada prApta ho cukA thA / ataH ye bhAva upAdhyAya haiM / bhAva upAdhyAya dvArA racita vikramacaritrarAsa ' 'saM0 1588 ' kI sUcanA zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne jainamarugurjara kavi aura unakI racanAyeM nAmaka pustaka meM dI hai / saMbhava hai ki aMbaDarAsa ke karttA aura vikramacaritrarAsa ke karttA eka hI bhAva upAdhyAya hoN| isa rAsa ke prArambha meM vinaya vimalagaNi gurubhyo likhA hai, yadi ye vimalagaNi hI brahmANagacchIya vimalasUri hoM to nizcaya hI donoM ke karttA eka hI bhAva upAdhyAya hoMge, yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai / ( vikrama caritrarAsa ) kA prathama chaMda isa prakAra hai " namo namo tumha caMDikA tumha guNakara na huMti, eka cittai ju samaratA, sukha saMpatti pAmaMti | 9 | isameM sarasvatI ke sthAna para caMDikA aura unake dvArA zubha-nizubha vadha Adi kA smaraNa jaina racanAoM ke lie navIna bAta hai / kavi ne apanA nAma uvajhAya bhAva diyA hai, yathA --- zrI gurunI sAnidhi thakI, avirala vANI hoi, uvajhAya bhAva kahai mAnavI saMbhalayo sahukoi / racanAkAla kA nirdeza karatA huA kavi kahatA hai saMvata panara vyAsIi tithi vali terasi hoi, mAsa mAgasira jANayo, bAraha ravi dina joi / 62 / " 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 634 zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 2. , pR0 147

Page #460
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 443 yadi donoM bhAva eka hI hoM to aMbaDarAsa kA bhI racanAkAla isI ke Asa-pAsa hogA / isa racanA meM 975 padya haiM jisameM lIlAvatI se vikrama ke pANigrahaNa aura usake putra kA vRttAnta diyA gayA hai / bhAvo - ( bhAvau ) Apake do laghu gIta - nemigIta aura gIta kA vivaraNa zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 meM diyA hai / nemigIta mAtra 4 kar3I kA hai aura rAga dhanyAsI meM nibaddha hai / isameM lekhaka ne apanA nAma bhAvau diyA hai, yathA "mukuTi mahi mai kevaDau, kevaDau mahi mahi mAure, bhAva sahita bhAvau bhaNai, cauda bhavana tima rAure // T dUsarA gIta 3 kar3I kA hai aura vaha bhI dhanyAsI rAga meM nibaddha hai / isameM bhI kavi ne apanA nAma bhAvau hI likhA hai, yathA " aNusarau dharma jihAM dayA dIsai, dekhatA mana mAnai vasA vIsai, jou re mAraga mugatinau mahIyA, UvaTThau pAra na pAmai kahiyA / X X X bhAva kahai bhAva sahita siMu kIjai, bhAmaNAM zrIjina dharmanA lIjai / 2 ina gItoM meM geyatA hai aura kisI praur3ha kavi kI racanAyeM pratIta hotI haiN| ho sakatA hai ki ye gIta bhI uparokta bhAva upAdhyAya ke hI hoM kintu puSTa pramANoM ke abhAva meM bhAvau yA bhAvo aura bhAva upAdhyAya ko eka mAnane kA sAhasa nahIM hotA / yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai aura yaha bhI asaMbhava nahIM hai ki ina laghugItoM ke karttA bhAvo yA bhAvau anya kavi hoM aura unakI bar3I kRtiyA~ abhI grantha bhaMDAroM meM dabI par3I hoM / -- bhAvakalaza - ApakI racanA 'kRtakarmacaritrarAsa' ke prArambha meM sumati vijaya gaNi ko guru rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai kintu anya vivaraNa na hone se yaha nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA ki ye sumati gaNi kauna se haiM / zrI desAI ne inheM 16 vIM zatAbdI ke kaviyoM meM rakhA hai kintu koI AdhAra nahIM batAyA hai / isa rAsa kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jA rahI hai-- 1. 2. vahI zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3, pa0 464 'paDhama paNamo paDhama paNamo nAmi malhAra, saMtIsara saMtIkaraNa namu nemi giranAra - nAyaka,

Page #461
444 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pAsa vIra baMdu sadA sayala sukha sevaka dAyaku caubIsaha pAo nami, karisU kavita ati caMga bhAvakalaza munivara kahai, suNatA hui nvrNg| vastu ke bAda caupAI chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, yathA 'kRtakarma puruSA taNauje carI, bAdhaI puNyahaM paNAsai dUrI, jiNa pUrava bhavi dIghau dAna, pAtra prabhAvai sIdho kAma / 4 / ' prati ke truTita hone ke kAraNa isa racanA se sambandhita vivaraNa aura lekhaka ke bAre meM koI vizeSa sUcanA nahIM prApta ho skii| uddharaNa dekhane se yaha racanA nizcita rUpa se marugurjara kI siddha hotI hai| bhAvaprabha inake sambandha meM Avazyaka sUcanAoM ke lie 'mUlaprabha' kA vivaraNa dekhA jA sakatA hai| ___ bhAvasAgarasUri ziSya - navatattvarAsa saM0 1575 aura 'icchApariNAma cau0' saM0 1590 nAmaka do racanAyeM bhAvasAgarasUri ke kisI ajJAta ziSya dvArA racI gaI haiN| zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 meM inakA kartA bhAvasAgara ko hI batAyA thA kintu bhAga 3 meM pUrva kathana kA saMzodhana karake inakA kartA bhAvasAgara ke kisI ziSya ko batAyA hai| ataH ye racanAyeM bhAvasAgara sUri kI na hokara unake kisI ziSya kI hI haiN| zrI nAhaTA ne bhAvasAgara sUri ke kisI ziSya kI eka anya racanA 'caityaparipATI' kA vivaraNa diyA hai| kintu yaha patA nahIM ki yaha ziSya navatattvarAsa kA kartA hI hai yA anya koI ziSya hai| jo ho, ina tInoM racanAoM kA vivaraNa ekatra yahA~ bhAvasAgara sUri ziSya ke antargata diyA jA rahA hai| 'caityaparipATI' saM0 1562 kI racanA hai aura isake kartA bhAvasAgarasUri ke ziSya ko vidhipakSIya batAyA gayA hai| bhAvasAgarasUri aMcalagaccha ke 61veM paTTadhara the| inheM AcArya pada saM0 1560 meM milA thA ataH saM0 1562 meM likhI 'caityaparipATI' inake samaya kI racanA hai| inakA svargavAsa saM0 1583 meM huA thA ataH yaha bhI nizcita hai ki icchApariNAmacau0 jo saM0 1590 kI racanA hai, inakI nahIM ho sakatI, yaha nizcaya hI unake kisI ziSya dvArA unake svargavAsa ke bAda likhI gaI hogii| 1. zrI desAI -jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1500-1501 2. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 572 3. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0, pR0 140

Page #462
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 445 caityaparipATI-( 44 gAthA ) kA racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA 'vaMchita e dAnada samaratha tIrathamAla vivahapure, ema karIe niramala jutta, saMvata panara vAsaTThivare / '43 / isake prArambhika padya dekhiye : 'praNamasiuM pahilu pAsa jiNaMda, caitya pravADi karisa ANaMdi, zrI cIttor3a taNI jinayAtra, karIya karUniya niramala gAtra / / pATaNa thakI majha ichA isI, bhAva bhagativi haiDi basi, katiyApura deharA chi paMca, praNamAtA navi karIi khaMca / 2 / / isakI bhASA meM ema, chi Adi gujarAtI prayoga avazya haiM kintu yaha racanA marugurjara bhASA kI hai| navatattva cau0 --racanA kAla aura sthAna kA nirdeza ina paMktiyoM meM hai saMvat panara pahutari varasi, zrI pattani hai Anai harasi, zrI saMghanai Agrahi caupai, kIdhI bhAvii bhagataI thi| racanAkAra ne bhAvasAgara ko guru kahA hai, yathA 'iya sohaga sundara sUri puraMdara bhAvasAgara guru gachadhara, paya pauma pasAI kavita karAI pApa palAi duuritr| je bhaviyaNa bhAvaI sarala sabhAvai bhaNai guNai navatattvavara, te lahasaiM siddhI vaMchita riddhi niramala buddhi vibudhavara / 59 / ' yaha racanA pATaNa meM kI gaI ataH isa para gujarAtI prabhAva svAbhAvika hai| isa racanA meM bhAvasAgara sUri ke dIkSA guru jayakesara sUri kA bhI ullekha hai ataH navatatva cau0 kA lekhaka aMcalagacchIya bhAvasAgarasUri kA hI ziSya hai| 'icchApariNAmacau0' bhI unhIM kI kRti hai kintu 'caitya paripATI' ke sambandha meM asaMdigdha rUpa se yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ukta donoM racanAoM ke praNetA bhAvasAgara sUri ke ziSya kI hI yaha bhI kRti hai| saMbhava hai ki yaha bhAvasAgarasUri ke kisI anya ziSya kI racanA ho, yA ye bhAvasAgara bhI dUsare hoN| yaha prazna bhI vidvAnoM se samAdhAna kI apekSA rakhatA hai| 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi, pa0 140 2. zrI desAI 10 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3, pR0 572

Page #463
446 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhIma-Apa zrAvaka bhakta the| Apane saM0 1584 ASAr3ha vadI 14 zanivAra ko naDiyAda meM agar3adattarAsa' kI racanA kii| racanA kA Adi-prathamai praNamUsAradA, kavIaNa kerI mAya, avicala pada Apai sadA, tUThI karai pasAu / / mUjha mUrakha mani Upanau, bhAva bhalo ati sAra, agaDadatta riSi rAyanu, rAsa racisi vistAri / racanAkAla-aha rAsa racIU cosAla, kuNa saMvata te kehu kAla, panarazata curAzI jeTha-aSADhaha vadi sohai teha, tithicaudazi sohai sapavitra, vAra zanaizcara puSpa nakSatra / raciu rAsa sayalo akatra, agar3adattanU kahiuM caritra / 489 / ' patA nahIM kyoM zrI desAI ne isakA racanAkAla jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, meM saM0 1575 likha diyA thA; punaH usI bhAga ke dUsare khaMDa meM use sudhAra kara saM 1584 AsAr3ha vadI 14 likhA hai| isameM dohA aura caupAI chaMda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kula chaMda saMkhyA 491 hai| isameM pA~ca khaNDa haiM, antima chaMda dekhiye : _ 'pA~ca khaMDa poDhe karI, racIu aha prabandha / bhIma bhaNai bhavIaNa suNo, tu chUTai bhavavaMdha / 491 / / bhImarAja-ApakI 'jIvadayArAsa' nAmaka 5 gAthA kI eka choTI racanA rAga dhanyAsI meM nibaddha prApta hai jisake lekhaka kA nAma racanA ke antima chanda meM bhImarAja diyA huA hai parantu yaha patA nahIM ki yaha bhImarAja bhIma zrAvaka (agar3adata rAsa ke kartA) haiM yA anya koI bhIma hai| antima chanda isa prakAra hai : 'SaTa darazana mati aha chai, jou samRta vicAra, bhImarAja sAMcau kahi, dharamaha dhari ho jIvadayA saar| 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 -bhAga 1, pR0 138 2. vahI 3. vahI bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pa0 1495 4. vahI bhAga 3, pR0 505-77 5. vahI bhAga 3, 50 495

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya isakA prArambhika chanda isa prakAra hai 'taruNapaNai jovana madii, ho tarIya caDI vani jAi, sajIva viNAsarI, ima khaTavaTa ho nIgamai kAI 1 / ' isakA nAma rAsa se adhika upayukta gIta ho sakatA thA / vastutaH yaha pA~ca kar3I kI geya racanA marugurjara kA gIta hai / bha0 bhuvanakIrti - Apa bha0 sakalakIrti ke ziSya the / bhaTTAraka sampradAya meM inheM saM0 1508 meM bhaTTAraka honA likhA hai / Apako saMskRta, prAkRta, gurjara Adi bhASAoM kA acchA jJAna thA, Apa vividha zAstroM ke jJAtA the / brahmajinadAsa ne likhA hai ki ye paramakIrtivAna bhaTTAraka the / unhoMne apane rAmacaritra kAvya meM inheM paramajJAnI aura saMyamI batAyA hai / bha0 zubhacandra, bha0 sakalabhUSaNa, bha0 ratnacandra, bha0 jJAnakIrti ne bhI inakA yaza:gAna kiyA hai isase yaha spaSTa hai ki ye mahAn jainAcArya the / Apa svayaM vidyAbhyAsI the aura Apane aneka ziSyoM ko vidyAbhyAsa karAyA, evaM utkRSTa vidvAn banAyA / isa prakAra Apane svayam aura apane ziSyoM dvArA jaina-dharma aura sAhitya kI mahatI sevA kI / 447 racanAyeM - Apane jIvaMdhararAsa, jaMbUsvAmIrAsa aMjanAcaritra Adi ullekhanIya kRtiyoM kI racanA kara jaina sAhitya kI zrI vRddhi kI / " sAhitya sRjana ke alAvA Apane kitane hI sthAnoM para pratiSThA vidhAna sampanna karAyA tathA prAcIna maMdiroM, pratimAoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, isameM caubIsI kI pratimA pratiSThA saM0 1511, caturviMzati pratimA pratiSThA saM0 1513 aura gAdhArapura pratimA kI pratiSThA saM0 1515 ullekhanIya ghaTanAyeM haiM / bhuvanakIrti- Apa koraMTagacchIya kakkasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1580 meM 'kalAvatIcaritra' kA nirmANa khaMbhAta meM kiyA / isameM kalAvatI ke pAvanacaritra kA varNana sarala marugurjara bhASA meM kiyA gayA hai| guru paramparA aura racanAkAla kA varNana ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai : 'panaraasI barasAmI mRgasara zudI paMcamI, divasa thaMbhatIratha bhale gurudinanirmala / koraMTa gaccha nannasUri supaTTI zrI kakkasUri, tAsasIsa imabhaNe, o ulaTa ApaNe / DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla - rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pR0 175-180

Page #465
448 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhuvana kIrti thIra thAye, kalAvati guNa gAye, duHkha dalidra Tale o saMpadAsavimile / je bhaNe manaraMga vilase sukha te aMga, zIla sAMnidha kare, o jima mani gahagahe / / isameM nannasUri kA ullekha hai jo koraMTagacchIya sarvadevasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne vicAracausaThI' Adi aneka racanAyeM likhii| inakI (bhuvana kIrti) kI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai| eka udAharaNa dekhiye : 'vIra jiNesara payanamI, samarI goyama sAmire, carita gAu kalAvatI taNu. sIla guNa kari abhirAma re / matisAgara-Agamagaccha ke AcArya somaratnasari kI paramparA meM guNanidhAna, udayaratna ke ziSya gaNameru ke Apa ziSya the| Apane saM0 1594 meM laghukSetrasamAsacau0' pATaNa meM likhii| 'saMgrahiNIDhAlavaMdha' nAmaka eka anya racanA ke lekhaka bhI AgamagacchIya gaNameru ke ziSya matisAgara kahe gaye haiM, kintu isakA racanA kAla saM0 1675 batAyA gayA hai / eka hI kavi 81 varSa bAda dUsarI racanA kare yaha vizvasanIya nahIM hai| isa racanA meM racanA kA samaya isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai :_ 'saMvata solapaMcotarai poSa mAsa udAra' isakA artha saMvat 1675 ke bajAya saM0 1605 ucita hogA, taba donoM racanAoM meM kevala 10-11 varSa kA antarAla raha jAyegA, jo saMbhava hai| zrI desAI ne bhI jaina gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 meM apane pUrva kathana ko sudhAra kara racanAkAla saM0 1605 hI likhA hai| ataH prastuta matisAgara kI hI ukta donoM racanAyeM siddha hotI haiN| kSetrasamAsacau0- isameM jainadharma ke mUla siddhAnta saMkSepa meM batAye gaye haiM / prArambha sarasvatI kI vaMdanA ke bAda guru paramparA kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai'sarasati sAmiNI karU jahAra, jehanA gaNa appArAvAra, te sarasati nudhyAnaja dharI, racasiuM cupai harasiiM karI / Agama gachi guruA gururAya, zrI somarayaNa sUri vaMdU pAya, 1. zrI mAI - jaina gu0 ka ---bhAga 1, 50 134 aura bhAga 3 pa0 574 2 vahI 3. desAI -jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 1, pR0 496.497

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29 4499 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya tasapaTi zrI guNanidhAna sUriMda, tasa paTTodhara sUri nariMda / tasu parivAri paMDita guNameru, tAsa sIsa kahi harasi dharevi, cupai vaMdhi karisuM huM soi, ahe vicAra suNiyo sahukoI / racanAkAla --'saMvat panara curANui, Asoi budhavAri, racIuM me sUtra Uparii pattananayara majhAri / 'saMgrahiNIDhAlabaMdha' kA racanA kAla 1605 pahale diyA gayA hai| isakA Adi padya isa prakAra hai : 'arihaMtA dika paMca je parameSThI pradhAna, namuM niraMjana cittasyuM mAMgu avicala mAna / ' isameM 550 caupAI chanda haiM 'caupai dUhA thai paMcasai UparivalI pacAsa, bhAva sahita je sAMbhalai, bhaviyA puhatai Asa / ' isake antima DhAla kA 550 vA~ chanda dekhiye :-- aha artha nirUpama amRta Upama suNa zravaNe sukha karai, vicAra karatA citta dharatA karma koDinI dukha harai / '' ina donoM racanAoM meM viSayavastu evaM bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi meM paryApta sAmya hai / donoM meM jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kA pravacana kiyA gayA hai| donoM hI caupAI aura rAsa nAmaka prabandha-kAvyavidhA meM likhI gaI haiN| ataH donoM ke lekhaka AgamagacchIya guNameru ke ziSya matisAgara hI haiN| ye donoM racanAyeM gujarAta ke do nagaroM pATaNa aura ahamadAbAda meM likhI gaI haiM ataH: inakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva sahaja hI draSTavya hai| matizekhara-Apa upakezagacchIya devaguptasUri kI paramparA meM zIla-. sundarasUri ke ziSya the| Apa vAcaka pada se vibhUSita eka uttama kavi the| upakezagaccha mAravAr3a ke osiyA~ gA~va ke nAma se prasiddha huA aura isa gaccha kA pracAra-prasAra bhI rAjasthAna meM adhika rahA ataH ApakI racanAyeM bhI rAjasthAna meM hI likhI gaI hoNgii| inakI pramukha racanAyeM nimnAMkita haiM :-dhannArAsa (padya 328 saM0 1514), mayaNarehArAsa (347 gAthA saM0 1537), bAvanI, neminAthavasaMtaphulaDAphAga (108 gA0) kuragaDU 1. zrI desAI--jai* gu0 ka0-mAga 3, pR0 618

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450 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa maharSirAsa (gA0 245 saM0 1537), ilAputracaritra (165 gAthA) aura nemigIta / dhannArAsa-isameM dAna kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai / kavi likhatA hai : 'dAnagiruu dAnagiruudAni jasakitti, dAnahi vasitriNai bhuvanadAnamAna ApaI narAhiva dAna dUriya nAsaI sayala, dAni seva sArai surA hiva, dAna jema dhannai dIyo, pannahi pAmIya pAta, sAvadhAna tumhi sAMbhalau, pUrababhava avadAta / ' racanAtithi- 'saI hatthithApIya tiNi guNahArA, guNavaMta sIlasundara sArA, vArIya jiNi aannNgo| tAsa sIsa matisehara harasiMhiM panarahasai caudottara varasiMhi, kIyo kavita ati cNgo|| yahA~ panaraha sai caudottara kA artha saM0 1514 hI hai| isa rAsa meM dAna kI mahimA ke udAharaNa rUpa meM dhannA ke caritra ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 'neminAthavasaMtaphUlaDA' meM neminAtha kA pAvana aura madhura caritra hai / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ ye haiM : 'sArada mAi pAya namIjai, mAMgau eka pasAya re, nemi jiNesara nA bhava gAisu, lAgau mujha mani ThAure, zrI yAvavakUla maMDaNauyAdavakula maMDaNau svAmI nemi jiNaMda re, bhAvai jasu payakamala juhArai susvara iMda re / kuragaDu (kUraghaTa) RSirAsa meM RSi kI tapazcaryA kA varNana kiyA "gayA hai, lekhaka kahatA hai : bhAvi bhavika jana sAMbhalo teha RSi tANuM caritra, vAcaka matizekhara kahi, jima huI janama pvitr| isakA antima chaMda isa prakAra hai : 'kUragaDnu lei saMbandha, tapa Upari o kIyau prabandha / vAcaka matizekhara ima kahai, bhaNai ti saMpada saMpada lahai / ' 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pa0 60 2. zrI desAI.-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 49 3. zrI desAI -~-0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 469 vAta .

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maru- gurjara jaina sAhitya 451 mayaNArehAsatIcaritra-yaha racanA madanarekhA satI ke zIla para AdhArita hai| isakA prathama chanda dekhiye : 'zrIjina cauvIsai namI paNamIya goyama pAi, karisu kavita ralIyAmaNau guru sarasati supsaai|1| racanA kAla -'panarasai sAMtrIsai varasi, a prabandha kIdhau mana harasi / vAcaka matizekhara ima kahai, bhaNai guNai te sarva sukha lahai / 369 / yaha racanA saM0 1537 meM likhI gii| guru paramparA batAte hue kavi ne likhA hai zrI uvaosa gachi gururAya, kakkasUri tasu paTi vikhAya, sAMprata devagupati gaNadhAra te sadagurunAM vacana aadhaaH|' IlAcaritra yA ilAtIputra ke caritra para AdhArita 'ilAputracaritra' bhAvanA viSaya para AdhArita hai| isameM kavi ne isa bAta para prakAza DAlA hai ki dAna, tapa Adi saba karma yadi bhAvanA vihIna hoM to vyartha aura niSphala hote haiM / isa bAta ko siddha karane ke lie lekhaka ne ilAputra kA caritra udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai| isakI tathA inake anya racanAoM kI bhASA rAjasthAnI prabhAvita marugurjara hai / udAharaNArtha kucha paMktiyA~ dekhiye 'dAna zIla tapa bhAvanA, o gyAraha tasu bheda, cahu disi cira bhamivA tA kSiNihi kSipAvai kheda / tihi cihumAMhi adhikeraDau, valI vizeSai bhAva, dAnAdika triNai viphala, bhAva na bhAvai jAma / ' inakI sAta meM se pA~ca pramukha racanAoM ke uddharaNa dekara yaha spaSTa karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai ki bhASA aura kAvya zailI kI dRSTi se vAcaka matizekhara kA jaina kaviyoM meM vizeSa sthAna hai| malayacanda-Apa pUrNimAgacchIya sAdhuratnasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1519 meM siMghAsaNabatrIsIcau0, saM0 1519 meM hI dhanadattadhanadevacarita ( saMbalasIkumara caupai) aura usI varSa devarAjavatsarAjaprabandha (gopamaMDalI) meM likhaa| siMghAsana battIsI kI kathA lokaprasiddha hai| jaina sAhitya meM bhI yaha kathA apane DhaMga se kAphI pracalita hai aura isa para AdhArita aneka racanAyeM kI jA cukI haiN| mAlavA ke mahArAja vikramAditya aura unakI dhArA nagarI kA ullekha karatA huA kavi prArambha meM kahatA hai :

Page #469
452 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'samarisu sAmiNi sarasati devI, vikrama caritra kahuM saMkhevi, mAlaka maMDaNa joyaNa bAra, dhArA nagarI nuM vistAra, ujeNI adhipati vaNavesu, vidura vikrama nareza, kalA kutUhala kutiga suNai, dAna khaDagasyuM dAlidra hnnii|'' racanA kAla 'saMvata panara ugaNIsaya aya, caupai baMdha racIu aya, maMDalIka maggaNa upagAra, raMgadrayUyADala nagara mjhaari|' guru paramparA 'pUnima gachi sAdharatana sUri, sIsa malaicandra kahai mati pUrI, bhaNasai guNasai sucarita ama, manavaMchita sukhalahIsai tem|' dhanadattadhanadevacaritra kA racanA kAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai 'saMvata panara ugaNIsai subaMdha, gopamaMDalIi raciu prabandha / bhaNai suNa i kaviyaNa je karaI, aMbiki prasAda te sukha lahaI / / isameM dhanadatta ke dAna kI mahimA dikhAI gaI hai| prArambha meM bhI dAna kI kAphI bar3AI kI gaI hai| bhASA aura viSayavastu tathA racanA zailI ke namUne ke lie prArambhika do padya uddhRta kie jA rahe haiM : 'dAna dIiM je mutti supatti, niramala cittaiM niramala vitta, lachi lahaiM jima baMdhava aya, dAna prabhAvi dhanadatta dhanadeva / dAna baDu suNai saMsAri, dAni durita TalaiM sahI sAri, dAni sukha sampatti saMyoga, dAni jAiM bayara viyoga / ' devarAjavatsarAjaprabandha bhI saM0 1519 kI hI racanA hai| yaha sukhada Azcarya hai ki isa kavi ne eka hI varSa meM tIna prabandha raca DAle aura Age eka bhI racanA nahIM kii| kavi ne devarAjavatsarAjaprabandha kA bhI svayaM racanA samaya batAyA hai, yathA saMvat 1519 ugaNIsai siddha, gopamaMDalI surachai suprasiddha, pUnima gachi sAdharatana sUri, sIsamalayacandra kahi matipUri / racanA ke prArambha meM hI dharmapAlana kI mahimA bakhAnI gaI hai / vatsarAja ko dharmapAlana se tana, dhana, parivAra kA jo sukha prApta huA use kavi isa prakAra kahatA hai : 'aMbiki sAmiNi paNamI pAya, jasasirigiri girinAraha rAya, vatsarAjanuM karUM vaSANa, dharma karma taNau suNau pramANa / 1. zrI desAI- jaina gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR. 474-75 2. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 453 punya kAji je na karai pramAda, suSi suSi tihi nahIM viSAda, visamAM vighana valai tIha jAi, vatsarAja jima savi sukha thAI / ' anta meM bhI kavi dharma kI prazaMsA karatA hai, yathA'dhamma kAji me saMbandha suNI, Adara karU jiNa dhammaha jANI, dharama prabhAvaiM hui rudhi vRddhi, sayala saMghanai vaMchita siddhi / 118 / / isa prakAra kavi ne vibhinna mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA udAharaNa dekara satya, dAna, dharma Adi cAritrika guNoM kA utkarSa dikhAyA hai| eka hI varSa aura eka hI sthAna gopamaMDalI meM sambhavataH tInoM racanAyeM likhI gaIM isase inakI bhASA zailI meM bhI kAphI ekarUpatA dikhAI par3atI hai| bhASA sarala kintu pravAhapUrNa marugurjara hai| mahinda yA mahAcandra -Apane vi0 saM0 1587 meM 16 veM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kA caritra 'saMtigAhacariu' nAmaka kAvya meM citrita kiyA hai| yaha racanA apabhraMza meM kI gaI hai kintu kAlapravAha ko ulTe le jAne meM kaThinAI hotI hai| isakI bhASA kRtrima apabhraMza bana gaI hai aura bIca bIca meM marugurjara yA purAnI hindI ke Tukar3e sApha dikhAI par3ate haiN| marugurjara kI racanA na hone ke kAraNa isake vistAra meM jAnA samIcIna nahIM hai / isakA ullekha mAtra yaha sUcita karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai ki 16vIM zatAbdI meM bhI kAvya kI eka purAnI dhArA apabhraMza bhASA zailI meM pravAhita ho rahI thii| mahIcandra -Apa kharataragacchIya AcArya jinaprabhasUri kI paramparA meM kamalacandra ke ziSya the| Apane 'uttamacaritracau0' (gA0 204) kI racanA saM0 1591 caitra zu0 3, maMgalavAra ko jAvaNapura (jaunapura) meM kii| Apa bAbara ke putra humAyUM ke samakAlIna the| isameM uttama caritra ke mukhyaguNadAna kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai / kavi kahatA hai : "dAni paraMpara dhana lahai, dAna sujasu jaga hoi, uttama carita rAjA parai, dAna milai suraloi // " kavi racanA sthAna aura tatkAlIna zAsaka kA ullekha karatA hai, yathA 'javaNApura chai durga apAra, tehanA guNa kiMma kahau vicAra, bAbara pAtisAha nai pUta, hammAu sulitANa jgtti| 599 / 1. zrI desAI-jaina gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 474-475 2. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha-bhAga 2, pR. 123

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454 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa racanAkAla-'tA muni UgI nuratIvega, taha nivasai parajAnau thega, paNaraha sai ikkANu varasi, caitra zudi mitiyAnai divasi, saMvata vikramarAyaha taNau, vachara zubhakRta nAmi he bhaNau maMgalavAraha kiyau kavitta, bharaNI nAmihi chai nkhitt|' guruparamparA-jinarAja sUri tasu anukrama huvau, nirmala nyAna vasai jasu hiyau, kamalacandra tasu paTTi gaNIsa, mahicanda tihanau jANi susIsa / / isa rAsa kI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai| isameM gujarAtI kA prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai| isa kRti meM kavi ne anta meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki usane rasa, chanda Adi kA uttama prayoga kiyA hai| kRti ko dekhate hue kavi kA yaha dAvA thothA nahIM lgtaa| isa racanA meM dharmopadeza ko kAvya kI sarasa zailI meM prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / antima paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM "navarasa sahita achai caupai, jo bhavIyaNa jANIsai sai, tehanA pApa paDala savi jAhi, devataNA savi sukha vilasAhi / 606 // mANikyarAja--Apa padmanaMdi ke ziSya the| Apane apabhraMza pradhAna bhASA zailI meM amarasenacariu aura nAgakumAracariu nAmaka do racanAyeM kii| prathama racanA 'amarasenacariu' meM rAjA amarasena kA caritra citrita kiyA gayA hai jo dhArmika prakRti kA rAjA thaa| vaha saMyama aura tapa kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karatA thaa| vrata niyama aura dharma-karma meM kabhI pramAda nahIM karatA thA ataH use sadgati prApta hii| inakI dUsarI racanA nAgakumAracariu (saM0 1579) meM nau saMdhiyAM haiN| isakI kathA puSpadanta ke nAgakumAracariu para AdhArita hai / ina racanAoM ko prAyaH vidvAn apabhraMza kI racanAyeM mAnate haiM aura kavi ne sAyAsa apabhraMza kI rUr3ha kAvya zailI kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai ataH inheM apabhraMza kI prAcIna dhArA kI kRtiyA~ mAnanA hI ucita hai| zrI nAhaTA ne mANikarAja kRta 'naladamayantIrAsa'3 kI sUcanA dI hai / yaha racanA saM0 1590 jayapura meM racI gii| isakA vivaraNa unhoMne nahIM diyA hai ataH yaha spaSTa nahIM ho sakA ki ye mANikarAja padmanandi ke ziSya mANikyarAja hI haiM athavA anya koI kavi haiM / 1. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka-bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1497-98 2. evaM bhAga 3, khaMDa 1, pR. 595 3. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-maru gu0 ja0 ka0-pR0 16, krama saM0 200

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 455 mANikasundaragaNi-Apa vRddhatapAgacchIya bhaTTAraka ratnasiMhasUri ke ziSya the| Apane maladhArI hemacandrasUri kRta bhavabhAvanAsUtra para saM0 1501 meM bAlAvabodha kI racanA kI thii| kucha loga ise saM0 1563 kI racanA batAte haiN| yaha racanA delavAr3A (udayapura) meM huI / isakA vivaraNa gadyakhaNDa meM diyA jaayegaa| zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne mANikasundara kI eka racanA 'nemizvaracaritra' kA ullekha mAtra kiyA hai, usakA koI uddharaNa yA vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai ataH yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki uparokta gadyakAra mANikasundaragaNi hI 'nemizvaracaritra ke bhI lekhaka haiM kintu yaha pUrI saMbhAvanA hai ki donoM eka hI vyakti haiN| 15vIM zatAbdI meM eka mANikasundara gaNi. ho gaye haiM jo merutuga ke ziSya the / inhoMne 1470 ke AsapAsa 'candradhavaladharmadatta kathA' kI racanA kii| inakA vivaraNa yathAsthAna diyA jA cukA hai| usI zatAbdI meM mANikasundarasUri' nAmaka prasiddha gadyakAra ho gaye jinhoMne saM0 1478 meM pRthvIcandracaritra-vAgvilAsa' kI racanA kI thii| inakA vivaraNa bhI gadyakhaNDa meM diyA jaayegaa| isa prakAra 15vIM-16vIM zatAbdI meM mANikasundara nAma ke prAyaH cAra lekhakoM kA patA lagatA hai kintu inameM se 16vIM zatAbdI ke mANikasundara gaNi kI mAtra eka kAvyakRti nemizvaracaritra kI hI sUcanA milatI hai anya vivaraNoM kA abhAva hai| municandrasUri -Apa pUrNimAgaccha kI bhImapallI zAkhA ke vidvAna lekhaka the| ApakI racanA 'rasAulo' aura rAtribhojanasajjhAya' meM se 'rasAulo' prAkRta bhASA kI hai| ataH isake vivaraNa kI apekSA nahI hai| dUsarI racanA 'rAtribhojanasajjhAya' pUrNatayA upadezaparaka racanA hai jisameM rAtribhojana ke doSoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isakI racanA saM 1557 ke AsapAsa huI / isakI bhASA sarala hai|' mUlaprabhasAdhu--(bhAvaprabha) Apane saM0 1553 meM gajasukumAlasaMdhi' kI racanA kii| zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3 meM racanAkAra mUlaprabha ke. 1. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1579 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0-10 16 krama saM0 205 3. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 35 4, vahI -bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pa0 1573 5. vahI -bhAga 1, pR0 139 .

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa Age prazna cihna lagAkara bhAvaprabha nAma batAyA hai ataH yaha nizcaya nahIM "ho pAtA ki racanAkAra mUlaprabha haiM yA bhAvaprabha, athavA donoM eka hI vyakti haiN| isameM gajasukumAla kI kathA dI gaI hai / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ nimnAGkita haiM "desa soraTha dvArApurI, namau tihA~ vAsudevU o, dasai dasAra siU rAjiu, baMdhava zrI valadevU a, jIre jIre svAmI samosaryA, haraSiu gopInAthU o, nemijI vaMdaNi alajayu, alajyo yAdava sAthU me|''1 isameM kAvya sauSThava pAyA jAtA hai| vipralambha zRGgAra kI nimna 'paMktiyAM dekhiye 'rayaNI vairaNi navi jAddha, sUtAM sAtha rai, kaMara kaMara jhakhI bhaNai o, rayaNi kima naki jAi, caMdA ratha kheDilAi, tuvegi thai hUM hai Ananda heji prahi Ugama milU, kuara nai alajai o|"2 prati apUrNa hone ke kAraNa isake anta ke chandoM kA uddharaNa nahIM prApta ho sakA / ataH racanAkAra aura racanA se sambandhita anya apekSita vivaraNa bhI nahIM mila ske| (sAdhu) merugaNi-Apa AgamagacchIya sAdhu the| Apane saM0 1501 pauSa vadI 12 ko jIvadayA ke mAhAtmya para 'puNyasAracaritra' kI racanA kI / puNyasAracaritra jIvadayA ke dRSTAnta-rUpa meM varNita hai / jIva dayA para prakAza DAlatA huA kavi kahatA hai "jIvadayAnI hiyai dharau buddhi, jIvadayA pAlau mana zuddhi, jIvadayA lagai nirantara vRddhi, jIvadayA pAlii sarva siddhi|''3 lagatA hai ki ApakA nAma sumeru yA meLa thA, sAdhu aura gaNi zobhArtha Age pIche bAda meM jor3e gaye hoNge| kavi ne apanA nAma isa prakAra likhA hai :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 95 tathA bhAga 3, pR0 523 2. vahI 3. vahI bhAma 3, pR0 432, zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 46

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 457 'suguru pasAI nayara goAlera, ghaNI puNyasAra riddhiiM kubera, tAsu guNa ima varNabaI ajasra, sAdhu meru gaNi paMDita mizra / ' tasa caritra karI prAkRtaI phera, ima bolai gaNi sAdhu samera / ' nAma meru yA sumeru hogA, paMDita, sAdhu, gaNi, mizra Adi upAdhiyA~ haiM jinakA upayoga kavi prasannatA pUrvaka apane nAma ke sAtha prAyaH karatA hai / racanAkAla -'AsAr3hAdi panara akottarai, posa vadii gyArisi aMtarai, dhaMdhUkapuri kRpArasa satra, somavAra samarpiu caritra / ' isa kathA kA prArambha gautama gaNadhara aura zreNika kI vArtA ke bajAya A0 hemacandra aura kumArapAla ke praznottara se huA hai| isakI bhASA meM muhAvare aura kahAvatoM ke prayoga se zailI prabhAvazAlI ho gaI hai, yathA : 'annAzAha uvaosaDa u, niphala hoi na taMti, pANI ghaNU viloDaI kara cupar3A na huMti / racanA sarasa hai, zailI prabhAvazAlI hai. jisake AveSThana meM upadeza bhI rocaka aura sugrAhya ho gayA hai| do paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'puNyasAra guNa zrI taNauM prabandha, AzcaryakArI u bhalau saMbaMdhi, jIvadayA dRSTAnta padIka, jima jima suNIi tima rasIka / 601 / meliga -Apa 16vIM zatI ke antima caraNa ke kavi haiM, Apa tapAgacchIya muni sundarasUri ke ziSya the| unakI AjJA se Apane saM0 1571 meM 'sudarzana rAsa' kI racanA kii| racanA kAla kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : 'saMvata panara ekotarai emhA jeThaha cauthi vizuddhi suNi, puSpa nakSatra guruvAri se emhA, caritrae puhati prasiddha suNi / 22 / 3 . isa rAsa kI prati pATaNa ke jaina bhaNDAra tathA prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna rAjasthAna meM upalabdha hai| merusundara upAdhyAya - (racanA kAla saM0 1518-saM0 1538)-Apa isa zatAbdI ke saMbhavataH ati samartha gadyakAra haiN| Apa kI bIsoM bhASA TIkAyeM, bAlAvabodha Adi gadya racanAyeM upalabdha haiM jinakA vivaraNa gadya1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA, pR0 57 aura zrI mo0 da0 desAI jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 452 2. DaoN0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-ma0 kavivara bUcarAja evaM usakA samaya pR0 3

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458 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa khaNDa meM diyA jaayegaa| ApakI aba taka zAyada koI kAvyakRti upalabdha nahIM hai kintu yaha saMbhava nahIM ki itane bar3e lekhaka ne eka bhI kAvya racanA na kI ho, zAyada vaha abhI grantha bhaNDAra ke veSThanoM meM AvRta ho| Apa kharataragacchIya vAcanAcArya ratnamUrti ke ziSya the|' ___ maMgaladharma yA maMgalAdharma-Apa ratnAkaragaccha ke AcArya jayatilakasUri kI paramparA meM udayadharma ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1525 meM 'maMgalakalaza rAsa' kI racanA kii| zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka. bhAga 3 meM dharma ke sAmane jJAnaruci nAma likhakara usapara bhI praznavAcaka cihna lagA diyA hai| maMgaladharma ne apane maMgalakalazarAsa kA prArambha isa prakAra kiyA hai :'Adi jiNavara jiNavara sukhadAtA ra, saMti jiNesara saMtikara, neminAtha sobhAga sundr| pAsa jiNaMda vighanahara varddhamAna kalyANa maMdira, paMcatIrthaMkara suguru namo sarasatI ambikA devI samaravi maMgalakalazahu caritra bhaNisu saMkhevi / ' guru paramparA ke sandarbha meM kavi ratnAkaragaccha ke AcArya jayatilaka ratnasiMha, udayavallabha, jJAnasAgara aura udayadharma kA ullekha karatA hai 'munivara vAcaka zrI udayadharma, jANiu Agama zAstraha marma, tAsa pasAi phalai karma, jJAnaruci bhaNai maMgaladharma isameM 'bhaNai' kriyA kA kartA maMgaladharma pratIta hotA hai na ki jJAnaruci / jJAnaruci zabda kA sambandha phalai kriyA se ho sakatA hai| astu, kavi ne racanA kAla batAte hue likhA hai : 'maMgalakalaza taNI caupaiya, saMvata panara paMcavIsai haiya / par3hai guNai saMbhalai vicAra, tasa ghari ucchava jaya jayakAra / ajJAta kavi kRta-'maMgalakalazarAsa'-vaDatapagacchIya jinaratnasUri ke kisI ziSya dvArA saM0 1532 se saM0 1582 ke bIca yaha rAsa likhA gayA jisakA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai :1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pa071 zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jaina sA0 no itihAsa pa0 522 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 59 aura desAI-jai. gu0 kavi-bhAga 1, 10 59-60 3. zrI desAI-ja0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 489

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 459 'goyama gaNahara paya namI a, sAmiNI sarasatti, sarasa vANI avirala dIi, ArAhisu bhatti / pamaNisU maMgalakalaza rAsa, sAMbhalau rasAla / puNya pramANiiM pAmIya maMgala suvizAla / ' isa meM guru jinaratnasUri kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA gayA hai, yathA'bar3atape gaccha kero zRgAra, zrI jinaratnasUri suguru udAra, tAsa sIsa aNIpari bhaNai, maMgala vAvI bhavIaNaje saNai / ' ina donoM racanAoM kI bhASA marugurjara hai jisameM gujarAtI kA prabhAva maru kI apekSA adhika hai| lagatA hai ki ye racanAyeM gujarAta meM hI likhI gaI haiM / inake lekhakoM kA nAma anizcita hai| donoM racanAoM kA nAma eka hai kintu kathA saMyojana aura prastuti donoM kI svatantra hai| donoM ke do lekhaka pratIta hote haiN| yazodhara-Apane prAcIna hindI athavA marugurjara meM kAphI likhA hai. kintu itihAsa granthoM meM Apake sambandha meM bahuta kama likhA gayA hai / Apa kASThAsaMgha ke saMta somakIrti ke praziSya evaM vijayasena ke ziSya the| yuvAvasthA meM ghara chor3akara zAstrAbhyAsa evaM saMta sevA prArambha kI aura Ajanma lokamaMgala ke kArya meM lage rhe| Apa kabIra, sUra Adi kI taraha acche. gAyaka the aura pada banAkara logoM ko sunAte the| Apako kAvya racanA kI preraNA somakIrti, vijayasena aura yazaHkIti se milI jinakA apanI racanAoM meM inhoMne sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai| ye neminAtha ke jIvana se atyadhika prabhAvita the ataH nemi-rAjula para adhika sAhitya sarjana kiyA hai| yadyapi ye sAdhu the kintu sAhityika ruci sampanna vyakti the ataH AvazyakatAnusAra zRgAra Adi rasoM kA uttama varNana kiyA hai| bhaTTAraka somakIrti ko samaya saM0 1526-1540 ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai, inakA bhI isI avadhi meM janma honA caahiye| inakI do racanAoM meM saM0 1581 aura saM0 1585 kA nirdeza huA hai ataH anumAna hotA hai ki saM0 1530 se lekara 1600 taka ApakA jIvana kAla rahA hogaa| isa avadhi meM Apane maulika sAhitya likhA aura prAcIna sAhitya kI pratilipiyA~ taiyAra kii| jisa guTake meM inakI racanAoM kA saMgraha milA hai vaha 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka-bhAga 3, pR0 490

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa svayaM inhIM dvArA saM0 1584 meM likhA gayA hai| ataH nizcita hai ki usa samaya ye kAryakSama the| inakI lipi sundara evaM supAThya hai / isa prakAra ye eka uttama kavi aura sulekhaka pramANita hote haiN| inakI tIna racanAyeM ullekhanIya haiM (1) neminAthagIta, (2) mallinAthagIta aura (3) balibhadracaupai / antima racanA sabase bar3I tathA mahattvapUrNa hai / ise kavi ne saM0 1585 meM skandhanagara ke ajitanAtha mandira meM pUrA kiyA thaa| isameM zrIkRSNa aura balarAma ke bhAtR-prema kI sundara jhalaka dikhAI gaI hai / ApakI bhASA nikharI huI hai jisa para gujarAtI kI apekSA rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva adhika hai / ApakI kAvyazailI parimArjita hai / ___ Apane neminAtha ke jIvana para adhika gIta likhe haiM jinameM rAjula ke viyoga kA mArmika varNana huA hai| rAjula ke saundarya varNana meM kavi kI saundarya bhAvanA evaM sahRdayatA kA pUrA paricaya milatA hai / neminAtha prathama gIta 28 padyoM kA saM0 1581 meM liyA gayA, jisakA vivaraNa kavi ne isa prakAra diyA hai : - 'saMvata panara ekAsIha jI vaMsapAlapura sAra, guNa gAthA zrI neminAthajI, navanidhi zrI saMghavAra ho svaamii| rAjula kI sundaratA kA varNana dekhiye : 're haMsa gamaNIya mRga nayaNIya stavaNa jhAla jhabUkatI, tapa tapiya tilaka lalATa sundara veNIya vAsuDA laTakatI, khalikaMta caDIya mUkhi vArIya nayana kajjala sAratI, malayatIya maMgala mAsa Aso ima bolI raajmtii|' dUsare neminAtha gIta meM rAjula nemi kI bATa johatI hai_ 'nemi jI Avu na ghare ghare. bATaDiyA joi sivayAmA lADalI re| tRtIya gIta 68 padyoM kA hai isa meM neminAtha ke vivAha kI ghaTanA kA mukhya rUpa se varNana huA hai / rAjula kI zobhA dekhiye : 'pAyeya neura raNakaNire dhUdharI nu dhammAra, kaTiyaMtra sohi ruDI mekhalAre jhUmaNu jhalkasAra / bAMkIya bhamari sohAmaNI re, nayane kAjala reha, kAmadhanu jAno toDIyu re, nara bhaga pADavA eha / 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke saMta kavi, pR0 84-85-86

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 461 rAjula se nemi kI sundaratA kI var3AI karatI huI sakhiyA~ kahatI haiM : 'kAneya kuMDala tapi tapire, mastaka chatri sohaMti, sAmalA vraNa sohAmaNu re, soi rAjula torukNt|| isameM gAMsu, kAiMkaru, nIkalyAre, tihAM, AyaNA Adi rAjasthAnI zabda prayogoM kI bahulatA hai| mallinAthagIta meM kevala 9 chanda haiM jisameM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha ke garbha, janma, vairAgya, jJAna aura nirvANa kA saMkSipta varNana hai| isakA antima chaMda dekhiye : 'brahma yazodhara vInavI hU~, chavi tahma taNu dAsa re, . girI puraya svAmIya maMDaNu zrI saMgha pUravi Asa re| brahma yazodhara AjIvana brahmacarya vrata pUrvaka saMyama kA pAlana karate rahe / anta meM ApakI mahattvapUrNa racanA balibhadracaupai ke kucha uddharaNa diye jA rahe haiN| sarvaprathama kavi ne apanI alpajJatA aura guru ke AzIrvAda kA mAhAtmya likhA hai, yathA 'na lahuM vyAkaraNa na la huM chaMda, na lahuM akSara na lahuM vinda, hUM mUrakha mAnava matihIna, gIta kavitta navi jANUM khii| mUrakha paNi je mati lahI, kari kavitta atisAra, brahmayazodhara ima kahi te sahi guru upagAra / isameM dvArakA nagarI kA vaibhava, yAdavoM kA madapAna evaM unmatta hokara dvaipAyana muni ko cir3hAnA tathA unake zApa se dvArakA ke bhasma hone kA prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se varNana kiyA gayA hai| madapAna se unmatta yAdavoM ke bAre meM kavi kahatA hai : 'eka nAci eka gAI gIta, eka roi eka harakhi citta, eka nAsi eka uMDali dhari, eka sUi eka krIDAkari / iNi pari nagarI Avijisi, dvipAyana muni dITha tisi, kopa karIni tADitAma, dei gAlavalI lei nAma / " isa durghaTanA kI cetAvatI nemi kumAra ne pahale hI dI thI kintu kRta karmoM kA bandha binA bhoge nahIM kaTatA ataH pariNAma bhugatanA hI par3atA hai| ina racanAoM ke alAvA vairAgya gIta, vijayakIrti gIta evaM 25 se bhI adhika 1. DaoN0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta, pR0 84-85-86 2. vahI, pR0 91

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462 maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pada Apane likhe haiM jinameM se adhikAMza nemi rAjula ke viyoga varNana se sambaMdhita haiM / ina padoM meM prema aura viraha kI mArmika vyaMjanA huI hai / kucha padoM meM vairAgya evaM jagat kI asAratA Adi para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isa prakAra yazodhara kI pratibhA meM vizadatA, viSayavastu meM vividhatA aura varNana meM maulika kuzalatA dikhAI par3atI hai / ratnamaNDala gaNi - Apa tapAgacchIya A0 somasundarasUri athavA unake ziSya somadevasUri ke ziSya the aura vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUvArddha meM vidyamAna the / yaha sUcanA zrI ambAlAlazAha ne dI hai / Apane saMskRta meM sukRtasAgara, mugdhameghAlaMkAra aura jalpakalpalatA Adi grantha likhe / marugurjara meM ApakI eka sarasa kAvya kRti 'nArInirAzaphAga' hai jo prAcIna phAgusaMgraha meM prakAzita hai / isa phAga kI samagra saMracanA 'vasaMtavilAsa' kI taraha hai kintu vaha pUrNatayA zRMgArika racanA hai aura yaha nArI aura zRMgAra se nirAza karane vAlI racanA hai / inakI kaI pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM / kisI prati meM inakA nAma ratnamaMDalagaNi, kisI meM 'surayaNamaMDana' aura kisI meM 'raivataratnamaMDana mgaNa' bhI milatA hai / isameM eka saMskRta kA chaMda aura usake bAda eka marugurjara kA chaMda AyA hai / nArI ke pratyeka aMga kI alaMkArika upamA ko anyathA rUpa se ghaTita karake usase virakta rahane kA sandeza diyA gayA hai / jaise netroM para kavi kI ukti dekhiye : 'vikasita paMkaja pASaMDI' ASaDI Upama cAli, te viSasalila talAvalI sAMvalI pApiNi pAli / athavA mukha ke prati kavi kA yaha kathana dekhiye :'nArI nagari mukhapoli, kapoli kapATa vicAra, jyoti jalaNa maya kuMDala kuMDa lagAra na sAra / isI bhAva ko saMskRta meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai, yathA 'naraka puri purandhyA gopuraM vaktrarandhraM,, kila kalita kapolodghATatAdUka kapATaM / ' nArI kI tribalI ko trividhakapaTa bharI rekhA aura kSINa kaTi ko yuvakoM ko kSINa karane vAlI batAyA gayA hai / nArI se nirAza hokara jisake mana meM zamarasa sundarI kA nivAsa ho jAtA hai usI ke jIvana meM suprabhAta kA prakAza AtA hai: -:

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463 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 'jeha mani zamarasa sundarI, sundarI basai arAli, te majha sIla sudarisaNa darisaNa diu suprabhAti / 50 / ' isa prakAra 53 chandoM meM nArI Asakti kA utpATana kara zAntarasa kI sthApanA karane vAlA yaha phAgu hai| kavi saMskRta aura marugurjara kA sakSama prayoktA pratIta hotA hai / usane marugurjara aura saMskRta meM sAtha-sAtha nArI kI zobhA kA varNana karate hae usase virakti paidA karane kA alaMkArika camatkAra dikhAyA hai| isa racanA meM kavi ke sAhityazAstrIya jJAna evaM usake prayoga ke kSamatA kI kuzala abhivyakti huI hai| yaha racanA AdhyAtmika daSTi se jitanI mahattvapUrNa hai utanI hI kAvya kalA kI dRSTi se bhI vicAraNIya hai| ratnasiMhasUri ziSya-ratnasiMhasUri ke kisI ziSya ne ratnacUDarAsa likhA hai| yaha saM0 1509 kI kRti hai| zrI nAhaTA kA kathana hai ki isake kartA evaM isake mUlapATha ke saMbaMdha meM mataikya nahIM hai| desAI jI bhI ise kabhI ratna siMha kRta aura kabhI ratnasiMha ziSya kRta batAte haiN| racanA kAla bhI vibhinna pratiyoM meM saM0 1501, 1509 aura 1514 Adi pAyA jAtA hai| isameM dAna, zIla, tapa kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai, yathA 'dAna zIla tapa bhAvanAsAra, dAna taNai uttama vicAra, dAniiM jasa kIrati vistarai, triNi jIva dAnaI paNa triN|' racanAkAla ke do pAThAntara dekhiye :(1) panara navotaraI haiu prabandha, par3hatA gaNatAM TalaI savibaMdha' (2) panara ekottarai nIpano prabaMdha ratanacUDa no aha saMbandha / ' isake maMgalAcaraNa ke do pAThAntara Age prastuta kie jA rahe haiM :___ 'sarasati devI paya namI mAgisau citta pasAu, ratnacDa guNa varNaviuM dAna viSaya jasa bhAu / 1 / ' isakA pAThAntara dUsarI prati meM isa prakAra hai : 'sarasati sAmiNi vIna, mAMgu eka pasAu, vatrIsa lakSaNi Agala u, gAisaM vatsarAjarAu' 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 71-72 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 60 3. zrI desAI-ja0 gu0 ke0-bhAga 3, pR0 464 4. vahI

Page #481
464 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yaha racanA 16vIM zatAbdI kI hai kintu isakA prAmANika pATha aura racanAkAra tathA racanA sambandhI anya vivaraNa anizcita hai| ratnasiMhasUri ke ziSya dvArA eka aura racanA 'jaMbUsvAmIrAsa' saM0 1516 dvitIya zrAvaNa zu0 soma0 ko likhI gii| racanA kAla kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai :-- 'saMvata panara solottarai o mAlaMta, bIjai zrAvaNa mAsi suNi su; zivatithi hUMti UjalI a mAla0 somavArai huurAsa / isa rAsa meM kavi ne apane guru ratnasiMha kI vaMdanA kI hai :'tapagachi gaNadhara abhinavA me mAla0 avatariya goyama sAmi su, rayaNasiMhasUri dhyAiyaiM mAlaM0 aSTa mahAsiddhi nAmi / isase spaSTa hai ki yaha racanA bhI ratnasiMhasUri ke kisI ziSya kI hai kintu yaha nizcaya nahIM ki ye ratnacUDarAsa ke kartA haiM yA anya koI ziSya / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : sarasati sAmaNi sAradA a, goyama gaNadhAra, rAsa baMdhi guNabattIi a siri jaMbakumAra / jaMbUdIvaha bharahakSetra magadha vara desa, nayara rAjagRhi jANIio zreNIya naresa / ' isa rAsa kI bhASA para gurjara bhASA kA prabhAva adhika hai| tapAgacchIya lekhaka kI racanA hone se isakA gujarAta meM likhA jAnA aura gurjara bhASI honA saMbhava hai| saMbhavataH ukta donoM racanAyeM gujarAta meM hI likhI gaI haiM aura donoM ke kartA eka hI vyakti ratnasiMha ke ziSya ho sakate haiM kyoMki donoM kI racanA-zailI aura bhASA meM paryApta sAmya hai| vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI meM bhI ratnasiMhasUri ho gaye haiM jinake ziSya vinayacaMda ne kaI mahattvapUrNa racanAyeM kii| unakA vivaraNa yathAsthAna diyA jA cukA hai| ratnasundara-Apa bar3atapagacchIya jayadhIra ke ziSya the| Apane 'arbudagiritIrthabiMbaparimANasaMkhyAyata sta0' (21 gAthA ) nAmaka racanA apabhraMza pradhAna bhASA meM racI hai, jisakI prArambhika do paMktiyAM bhASA ke namUne ke lie prastuta haiM :1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 52 aura jaina sA0 no saMkSipta itihAsa pR0 223

Page #482
maru gurjara jaina sAhitya 'siri abbuya girivara sihara-sohaNa risaha jiNaMda, pabhaNau tuha payapauma jiNa, nami nariMda suriMda / ' inakI dUsarI racanA 'AdIzvarastavana' meM 49 chanda haiN| yaha marugurjara kI racanA hai / AdIzvara kI prArthanA karatA huA kavi kahatA hai: "Adi jinavara Adi jinavara Adi jaganAtha, Adi saSTi racanA racIa, vividha varNa vyApAra mAMDIya, rAjaraMga rAmA ramIa vyamIya kAma moha-mAna chADIya // ' kavi ne apane guru kA smaraNa karate hue likhA hai-- "baDatapa pakSi cAritra cokhai paMDita zrI jayadhIra, tAsa sIsa ratnasundara pabhaNai, mAnuSa para baravIra / isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai "Aja apUraba dina dina karayu, mai jinapati guNa aNasarayu, maI puNya bhaDAra ja bharayu, hUM duSasAgara Utarayu / 49 / ' ina uddharaNoM se yaha vidita hotA hai ki yaha kRti sarala evaM svAbhAvika maru-gurjara meM likhI gaI hai jisameM AdIzvara kI prArthanA hai| ratnazekhara-ratnazekhara nAmaka kaI jainAcArya alaga-alaga gacchoM meM samaya-samaya para ho gaye haiN| gautamarAsa ke lekhaka ratnazekhara kI carcA 15vI zatAbdI meM ho cukI hai| 16vIM zatAbdI meM kama se kama do ratnazekhara milate haiM unameM se eka munisundara sUri ke ziSya the, jinhoMne saMskRta meM 'zrAddhapratikramaNa' Adi grantha likhe / inake ziSyoM meM somadeva, cAritraratna aura naMdiratna Adi ullekhanIya haiN| somadeva kRta 'kathAmahodadhi' mahattvapUrNa racanA hai| ratnacUDarAsa saM0 1510 ke AsapAsa kI likhita eka kRti hai jo zAyada inhIM ratnazekhara kI racanA hai| ratnasiMhasUri ke ziSya kI ratnacUDarAsa aura isa ratnacUDarAsa kA jaba taka pUrNa pATha na prApta ho taba taka kucha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi ye donoM ratnacuDarAsa eka hI kRti ho to isakA kartA ratnazekhara ke bajAya ratnasiMhasUri kA koI ziSya hogaa| 1. mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 504 2. vahI 3. vahI bhAga 1 pR0 47, zrI nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 60

Page #483
466 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ratnAkarasUri-Apa kavi depAla ke samakAlIna the| Apane 'AdinAthajanmAbhiSeka' aura 'vasaMtavilAsa' nAmaka racanAyeM kii| prathama racanA 'vividhapUjAsaMgraha' aura 'vasaMtavilAsa' prAcIna gurjarakAvya saMkalana meM prakAzita hai| depAla ke putra candrapAla dvArA Atma paThanArtha likhita prati meM vasaMtavilAsa ke lekhaka kA nAma ratnAkarasUri diyA gayA hai| 'AdinAthajanmAbhiSeka' kA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai vinIya nayarI vinIya nayarI nAbhi niyamehi, marudevihi Uyarisara, rAya haMsa sAriccha sAmiya, siri risahesara paDhama jiNa, paDhama rAyavara vasahagAmiya / vasaha alaMkiya kaNaya taj, jAgo jaga AdhAra, tasu payavaMdiya tasu taNo. kahizujanma suvicAra / 1 / / isakI bhASA apabhraMza-garbhita hai| isameM AdinAtha ke janmotsava kA varNana hai| vasaMtavilAsa kI racanA saM0 1508 bhAdra zu0 5 guruvAra ko huii| isakI bhASA prathama racanA kI tulanA meM adhika sarala aura svAbhAvika bolacAla kI marugurjara hai, udAharaNArtha prArambhika chanda uddhRta haiN| "pahilU sarasati aracIsU, racIsU vasanta vilAsa, vINA dharai kara dAhiNa, vAhaNa haMsalu jaasu| pahutIya tiuNI hiva rati varati, pahutI vasaMta, daha disi pasarai parimala, niramala thyA nabha aMta / " isameM prakRti kA vAstavika rucipUrvaka evaM manohArI rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai, na ki kevala paramparA kA nirvAha karane ke lie uddIpana vibhAva rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / namUne ke taura para antima paMktiyAM prastuta haiM "damanaha guNi madamAtau, rAtau rUpihiM bhRgu, kunda kusuma ramAui, chAMDai cAMpulA saMga / iNipari nitu priya raMjavai, maMju vaiNa iNa ThAi, dhana dhana te guNavanta, vasaMta vilAsa je gAi / 86 / " ina paMktiyoM meM vasaMtazrI kA sundara varNana kAvyocita bhASA zailI meM meM kiyA gayA hai| 1. zrI mo0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka.--bhAga 1, pR0 41-42 2. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 454

Page #484
anta maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 467 rAjatilakagaNi-Apa pUrNimAgacchIya sAdhu the / ApakA dhAtu-pratimAlekha saM0 1516 aura 1529 kA milA hai; ataH ApakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha honA caahiye| Apa 15vIM zatAbdI ke rAjatilaka se bhinna pratIta hote haiM jo vijayatilaka ke ziSya the aura jinhoMne jaMbUsvAmIphAgu likhA hai| vivecya rAjatilaka kI eka racanA "zAlibhadramunirAsa' (35 padya) jainayuga pustaka 2, pR0 370 se 373 taka paM0 lAlacanda gA~dhI dvArA arvAcIna gujarAtI chAyA sahita prakAzita hai / isake racanA kAla ke sambandha meM matabheda hai| kucha loga inheM jambUsvAmIphAgu ke kartA rAjatilakasUri hI mAnate haiN|' zAlibhadramunirAsa kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai 'thaMbhaNapuri paha pAsanAha paNameviNa bhatti a, hauM pamaNisu siri sAlibhadda guNi tilayaha rAsU / bhaviyahu nisaNahu jeNa tumha hui sivapuri vAsU / ' "seNiya bohiya bhaddA niya dhari, pattA sabadbhasiddhite muNibara, rAjatilaka gaNi saMthuNai, vIra jiNesaru goyama gaNaharu / sAlibhadra nahi dhannau muNivaru, sayalasaMgha duriyaiM harau / sAlibhadra muNirAso meM khelAditI tesiM sAsaNa devI jaNayAu siva sNtii|35|" paM0 lAlacanda gA~dhI ne jisa prati se sampAdana kiyA hai vaha saM0 1493 kI likhI batAI gaI hai ataH isa daSTi se yaha racanA 15 vIM zatAbdI kI ThaharatI hai| zrI desAI ne ise 16vIM zatAbdI kI aura zrI nAhaTA ne 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA batAyA hai| isa anizcaya ke kAraNa isa kavi kI eka racanA 'zAlibhadramunirAsa' kA hI paricaya yahAM diyA jA rahA hai| isakI bhASA meM bhI prAcInatA ke puTa ke sAtha apabhraMza-prayogoM kI adhikatA hai ataH yaha bhI saMbhAvanA hai ki yaha kavi pahale kA ho| kahIM-kahIM isakA racanAkAla saM0 1330 bhI batAyA gayA hai| yaha vivAda vidvAnoM dvArA nirNaya kI pratIkSA meM sthagita rakhA jA rahA hai| rAjaratnasUri-Apa kharataragaccha ke sAdhu vivekaratnasUri ke praziSya evaM sAdhuharSa ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1599 meM 'haribalamAchIcaupai' likhA, jisakA racanA kAla kavi ne svayaM isa prakAra batAyA hai1. zrI mo0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 52 evaM bhAga 3, pR0 474 2. vahI

Page #485
yathA 468 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa "saMvata panarai navANavai a, Adari Aso mAsi ki, sAMnidhi zrI saMghaha taNai a, niyamana taNai ulhAsi ki / ' yaha racanA jIvadayA kA mahatva darzAne ke liye likhI gaI hai| isameM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai "kharatara gacchi goyama samavaDi, vivekaratana sUrIda, tAsu sIsa sAdhuharaSa guru, jasu paya namaiM narIdaM / tAsu sIsa zrI rAjaratana sUri jIva dayA phala jANI, bolai ApaNama ANaMdAi, amiya samANI vaannii|"] isakI marugurjara bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva kucha vizeSa lagatA hai| rAjazIla--Apa bhI kharataragacchIya sAdhuharSa ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1563 (jeSTha sudI 7) cittaur3a meM 'vikramakhAparacaritracau0' likhI jisameM khAparA cora kA prasaMga vaNita hai| 205 padyoM kI isa racanA meM parAI vasta kI corI na karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai___"ima sAMbhalI parAi vasta bhaviyAM nava lIjai adatta, corI paNau nivArau dUrI, jiva ziva sampada pAmau pUrI / racanAkAla aura sthAna kA ullekha ina paMktiyoM meM dekhiye "panarasai trisaThI suvicArI, jeThe mAsi ujjala pakhi sArI, citrakUTa gar3ha tAsa majhAri, bhaNatA bhaviyaNa jaya jykaarii|" guru kA ullekha ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai "sAdhuharaSa giruA gururAya, jaivaMtA mahiya li uvajhAya, jANai aMga igyAra bakhANa, jiNavaranI sira pAlai aann|" ApakI dUsarI racanA amarasenavayarasena cau0 saM0 1594 meM likhI gaI jisameM donoM bhAiyoM ke caritra ke mAdhyama se jinezvara kI pUjA kA suphala samajhAyA gayA hai / anta meM kavi kahatA hai "ima jina pUjA phala saMbhali, vItarAga je prajA vlii| taha ghari nava riddhi maMgalacyAra, ahanisi nizcai jaya jayakAra / 2631 racanAkAla-"rAjasIla uvajhAya manaraMgi, pUjAjinaphala ANi aMgi, saMvata panaracaurANavai, ANaMda ANI mana ApaNA / " 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka- bhAga 3, pR0 632 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 63 3. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 541

Page #486
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya ApakI eka anya racanA 'uttarAdhyayanagIta' kA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai "sarasatimati ati niramalI, Apau karIya pasAya, gAisu huM jina dhramataNau, mUla vinaya karI bhAure / ima guNa vinaya taNA suNeNo, je nitu karai abhyAsa, zrI rAjazIla uvajhAya bhaNai, saphala phalai tIhAM A saar|" antima paMktiyA~-"ima kahyA jinavara vIri samaratha aratha jinamata sAra, te citti dharatAM vijaya lahIyai havai jaya jayakAra / / zrI nAhaTA ne paramparA meM prakAzita apane lekha rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla' meM haribalacau0 (saM0 1599) ko bhI ApakI racanA batAyA hai kintu vaha racanA sAdhuharSa ke dUsare ziSya rAjaratna kI hai jisakA vivaraNa pahale diyA jA cukA hai ataH yaha rAjazIla kI racanA nahIM ho sktii| zrI nAhaTA jI ne yaha bhI sUcita kiyA hai ki rAjazIla kavi ke alAvA gadyakAra bhI the aura sindUraprakara para bAlAvabodha likhA hai| Apane uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayanoM kA saMkSepa sArAMza gItoM meM likhA hai / isa taraha ke 36 gIta jo 416 padyoM meM nibaddha haiM kavi kI kAvya kSamatA aura zAstrajJatA ke dyotaka haiN| inake sambandha meM DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ne 'kavivara bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi' meM paryApta prakAza DAlA hai kintu 'haribalacau0' kI carcA nahIM kI hai| lakhamaNa ( lakSmaNa )--13vIM 14vIM zatAbdI ke tIna cAra lakSmaNoM ko carcA yathAsthAna ho cukI hai, prastuta lakSmaNa madhyayuga ke prathama lakSmaNa haiM / inhoMne saM01568 se pUrva 'zAlibhadravivAhala' likhaa| isake alAvA inhoMne 'neminAthastavana' saM0 1519 kArtika, 82 kar3I, 'mahAvIracarita' (kalpasiddhAnta bhASita ) cau0 saM0 1521 phAlguna vadI 7 somavAra, '24 jinanamaskAra' (25 gAthA) Adi racanAyeM likhii| zAlibhadravivAhala meM kavi apanA nAma lakhamaNa batAtA hai, yathA1. zrI de0 je0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 542 (539 saM0 542 taka) 2. zrI ka. ca0 kAsalIvAla-ka0 bu0 evaM u0 saM0 pR. 9

Page #487
470 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'karajor3I lakhamaNa bhaNai aha kaliyuga kuDure, kur3a ni ruDa jaga ralIyAmaNa ajagaguru huaNajANatuM, guNa navi lahupAra re, pAra nisAra karau sevaka taNI / 1 / ' 'neminAthastavana' kA racanAkAla batAte hue kavi kahatA hai : 'panara ugaNIsii kAtimAsi, bhaNIi ati lakhamaNa mani ullAsa, sukula bIjanai AdItavAra, jaivaMtA jagi nemikumaar|" 'mahAvIracarita' kA racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : 'panara ekavIsu saMvachara sAra, phAguNaM vadi sAtami somavAra, kayU tavana mani dhari ANaMda, jagi jayavaMtA vIra jiNaMda / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'pahilU dhuri samaru arihaMta, ATha kammanu ANai anta, vAga vANi dhua brahmA taNI, samarU sarasati hUM saabhlii|' isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai : zrI mahAvIra taNU caritra, bhaNatA guNatAM janma pavitra, akamanA je nara sAMbhale, te ghari nazcai aphalAM phalai / ' jinanamaskAra' kA maMgalAcaraNa ina paMktiyoM se huA hai :-- 'paDhama jinavara paDhama pAya praNamevi, sebruja-girivara maMDaNaM nAbhirAya-kulicaMda-svAmIya / satabhASyA je paravarU, karai sevanasi davasi dhaamiiy| yugalAdharma nivAriu, mugati ramaNi urihAra, vRSabhalaMchata RSabha jina, marudevI taNu malhAra / ' isake anta meM kavi ne likhA hai : 'aka manA praNamyU saha mani samaru navakAra, kara jor3I lakhamaNa bhaNi saphala karU saMsAra / ' 1. zrI desAI-0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 116 2. vahI bhAga 3, pR0 462-463 aura bhAga 1, pR0 116 3. vahI 4. vahI

Page #488
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 471 nisi kA nasi, divasa kA davasi, nizcaya kA nazca jaise cintya prayogoM ko chor3akara Amataura para isakI bhASA subodha aura sundara hai| __lakhamasIha-Apane saM0 1527 meM 'zAlibhadracau0' (gA0 104) likhaa| patA nahIM ki ye 'zAlibhadravivAhalu' ke kartA lakhamaNa se bhinna haiM yA vahI haiM / isake prathama chanda meM kavi ne sarasatI vaMdanA kI hai : 'prathama vinavau prathama vinavau devi sarasati, kAsamIraha mukha maMDaNIya, haMsa gamaNi kara kamali caMgiya / kavi ne pA~caveM chaMda meM apanA nAma lakhamasIha batAyA hai, yathA-- 'lakhamasIha kavi bolai aihu, bhaviyau nisuNahu kanni suNehu, paDhata guNaMtA nAsai dUriu, sAlibhadra bakhANu cariu / isakI antima kar3I isa prakAra hai :'mahA videhi maMgRyA ? bhavalahi (ya) siddhi ramaNi te vIresa i mahI, sAlibhaddaje cariu paThaMti, bhAva bhagati je nara nisuNaMti, haraSi jAi jiNahara je daMti, mugati ramaNi phala te pAvaMti / 104 / '1 isakI bhASA para apabhraMza kI chAyA yatra-tatra par3I hai kintu itanI saghana nahIM ki maru-gurjara kA rUpa pUrNatayA AvRta ho jAya / isameM zAlibhadra kA prasiddha caritra caupAI aura dohe chandoM meM sAmAnya DhaMga se vyakta kiyA gayA hai, isa caritra ke zravaNa kA phala mukti kI prApti batAyA gayA hai| __ lalitakIti-ApakA eka gIta aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai jisakA nAma hai 'zrI kItiratnasUrigItama', / isameM kItiratna sUri kA itivRtta diyA gayA hai / inake anya ziSyoM ne bhI inakI stuti meM racanAyeM kI haiM jinameM se kucha kA varNana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai aura unameM kItiratnasUri kA vRttAnta vaNita hai| bhASA ke namUne ke taura para isakA prathama chanda uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : 'amIya bharai bhalaloyaNe , tuM mujha he dIdAra, pAThaka lalitakIrti kahai dina prati jaya jayakAra / ' isakI bhASA meM urdU aura khar3I bolI ke prayoga draSTavya haiM, yathA 'jAgatI jyoti amRta' yA 'de dIdAra' Adi / inake alAvA sAmAnyatA bhASA sarala marugurjara hai| 1. zrI a0 10 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 123 2. ai0 ja0 kAvya saMgraha-'zrI kIrtiratna sUri gItam'

Page #489
472 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa lakSmIratna sUri -inake sambandha meM 16vIM aura 17vIM zatAbdI ko lekara matabheda ke kAraNa inheM 17vIM zatAbdI meM rakhA jA rahA hai / lakSmI. ratna mUri ziSya kRta-surapriyakumArarAsa (draSTavya 17vIM shtaabdii)| lakSmI sAgara --Apako sUripada saM0 1518 meM prApta huaa| ApakI prasiddha racanA 'vastupAlatejapAlarAsa' (58 gAthA) isI samaya kI kRti hogii| yaha racanA prakAzita hai| isakA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : 'vIra jiNesara namiya pAya, ane goyama sAmI, sarasatI taNe supasAule o, kahisiuM sirinaamii| vastupAla te jagi taNo a, amhe bolisyu rAso, bharaha kSetra dhuri gujarAta aNahila ne vaaso|' isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'lakSmIsAgara boliuM mA, giruo aha ji rAsa su0 vastupAla tejiga taNo me mA, carita suNe naranAri su0 tehane ghari aphalAphale mA, aSTa siddhi pUri su0 / / isameM prasiddha maMtrI vastupAla tejapAla kA caritra citrita hai / lakSmIsAgara sUri ziSya -lakSmIsAgara ke kisI ajJAta ziSya ne eka hIyAlI gIta (gA0 6) likhA hai jisakI kucha paMktiyA~ bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM dI jA rahI hai : 'sakala uttama nAri chai bAla kuAMri, ghavala varNa dIsai sA nAri / pUcha u tapagaccha gururAya, artha jANai lakSmIsAgara sUri rAya, ye haiAlI caMga, bhaNatAM upajai raMga, Adara karI liu sanaIraMgi / ' lakSmIkallola-ApakI lokapriya racanA 'dhannAsajjhAya' kA Thoka racanAkAla jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai kintu yaha nizcita hai ki Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiN| isa sajjhAya meM prayukta DhAla kI tarja bar3I lokapriya huI thii| isakI prArammika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 473 2. vahI, pR0 496

Page #490
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 473 'ima dhanno dhaNanaiM paricAvai, narabhava athira dikhAvai re, tehija sAMcA sayaNa kahAvai, je jiNadharama suNAvai re / isake 23veM chanda meM kavi ke nAma kI chApa isa paMkti meM hai 'ima jANI zANI ajinavANI manamAMhi ANI saddavahe the, tumheM bhaviyaNa prANI naraga samANI duragati khANI navi laho / lakSmIkallolaha paMDita iNipari bolai je te Acaro the, jima narabhava pAmI parabhava pAmI parabhavi zivaramaNIvaro / ' isa chanda meM AnuprAsikatA, laya aura chanda pravAha ke kAraNa geyatA kA vizeSa guNa hai / isakI bhASA bolacAla kI svAbhAvika marugurjara hai jisameM [zabdAlaMkAroM para kavi kA vizeSa dhyAna dikhAI par3atA hai| labdhisAgarasUri-ApakI do laghu racanAyeM '24 jinastavana (caubIsI) saM0 1530 aura 'bIsI' (20 stavana) saM0 1554 prApta haiN| bar3atapagacchIya labdhisAgarasUri ke paTTadhara dhanaratnasUri aura saubhAgyasAgarasUri kA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha nizcita hai| isalie caubIsI aura bIsI ke racanAkAra bar3atapagacchIya labdhisAgara hI hoMge jinhoMne saMskRta meM 'zrIpAlakathA' likhI hai| Apa saMskRta aura gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM ke jAnakAra mAlUma hote haiM / inake caubIsI aura bIsI kI kucha paMktiyA~ bhASA zailI ke udAharaNArtha prastuta kI jA rahI haiM / caubIsI kI paMktiyA~ dekhiye iya vIra jiNesara saMgha sahikara dhamma lakhimI bhAsaNo, hari bhutti laMbaNa jhalatti sAsaNi nIti sagga pyaasnno| navarasa pavitta tujjha dhatta bhaNaiM aNudiNa je naro, soi lahi laddhI jagapasaddhI gUNagaMbhIrima saagro|" isake anta meM likhA hai 'iti zrI mahAvIrasya navarasa mayaM stavana zrIzrI zrI labdhisAgarasUribhi kRtAni caturvizati jinAnAM stotrANi samAptAni / saM0 1538 varSe mahAsudi 6 ravau laSitaM / ' 'bIsI' kI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai : 'dhavala maMgala guNa gAi vAlA, rAsabhAsa vara toraNa mAlA, bAjai kitti bheri bhaMkArA, ghari ghari ucchava jyjykaaraa| 1. zrI de0 jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR.0 642 2. vahI, pR0 527

Page #491
maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa iya deva purandara satthiya suMdara ajjiya kIriya paramesara a, jo pabhaNai bhAvaI sarala subhAvii tUsai tAsani 'jagaguru a / isake bhI anta meM lekhana kAla diyA hai saMvat 15 ASAr3havadi 54 varSe dvitIya zrAvaNa sudi 1 some likhita zubhaM bhavatu / " 474 racanAkAla batAne kI yaha samAnazailI donoM racanAoM ke eka hI kartAkA sUcaka hai / inakI bhASA bhI prAyaH eka jaisI sarala, subodha marugurjara hai, yadyapi bIsI kI tulanA meM caubIsI kI bhASA adhika kAvyarUr3ha hai / zrI desAI ne jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 meM labdhisAgara kRta 'zrIpAlarAsa' (saM0 1557) evaM dhvajabhujaMgakumAra cau0 kA ullekha kiyA hai / " kintu bhAga 3 meM unhoMne batAyA ki zrIpAlarAsa mahagurjara kI racanA nahIM hai, aura dhvajabhujaMgakumArarAsa ke lekhaka labdhisAgara 18vIM zatAbdI ke haiM / isa vicAra se zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA evaM desAI donoM sahamata haiM; ataH labdhisAgara kI ukta racanAyeM yahAM vicAraNIya nahIM haiM / lAbhamaMDana - Apa AMcalikagaccha ke bhAvasAgarasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1583 ( kArtika zuddha 13 guruvAra) ahamadAbAda meM 'dhanasArapaMcazAlirAsa' kI racanA kI / racanAkAla kI sUcanA rAsa meM isa prakAra batAI gaI hai : 'saMvata panaraha saMvatsara trIsIi re ruaDau kArtika mAsa re, guruvAsara dina terasi keraDau, kIdho o mani ulhAsi re, arihaMta ve / isameM kavi ne apanI guruparamparA kA varNana kiyA hai, yathA :'zrI vidhipakSa gacha gaNadhara rupaDAre zrI bhAvasAgarasUri re, nAmi navanidhi hui jehanai re, pAtiga jAi savi dUri re / zrI bhAvasAgarasUri aJcalagaccha kI vidhipakSa zAkhA ke 61 veM paTTadhara the / inakA janma mAravAr3a ke grAma narasANI nivAsI sAMgA kI patnI siMgAra de kI kukSi se saM0 1510 meM huA thA / inhoMne saM0 1520 meM dIkSA lI aura saM 1560 meM gaccheza pada para pratiSThita hue / lAbhamaMDana inake ziSya the, ataH unakA racanAkAla 16vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha hI hogaa| inakI 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - maru-gurjara jaina kavi pR0 128 2. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 1, pR0 101 3. vahI pR0 135

Page #492
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 475 anya koI kRti abataka upalabdha nahIM hai / isa rAsa kI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'paNamavi vIra jiNaMda, svAmI siddhattharAyakulacaMda, sevi suranara iMda, jasa nAme hoi ANaMda / nAbhikamala jasa vAsaM, thiravAsaM, pUrane AsaM, rAjagraha varanayaraM, rAjA nAmeNa seNiya sAraM / mantrI abhayakumAraM uttama guNabuddhi bhaNDAraM / " _isameM anusvAra ke adhika prayoga dvarA bhASA ko saMskRtAbhAsa banAne kI pravRtti dikhAI par3atI hai / bhASA marugurjara hI hai / lAvaNyadeva - Apa jayadeva ke ziSya the / Apane 'karmavivaraNarAsa' nAmaka racanA kI hai / jayadeva tapAgacchIya A0 dhanaratnasUri kI paramparA meM the / isa paramparA meM dhanaratnasUri se pUrva udayadharmasUri aura saubhAgyasAgara sUri nAmaka do AcArya ho gaye / isakA prArambhika chanda dekhiye 'sakala jiNavara sakala jiNavara bhagati praNamevi, sarasati sAmiNi dharIya maniya goyama gaNadhara sAmiya / tAsa pasAI hu~ taMbu coda guNaThANiya, guru vayaNe supasAule bolisu N vacana vizAla | je sutAM sukha saMpaje Talii ti bhavabhayapAsa 12 lekhaka ne isa racanA meM apanI guru paramparA batAI hai / dhanaratnasUri labdhisAgarasUri ke paTTadhara the / ataH yaha kavi bhI baDatapagacchIya vRddha pozAlika zAkhA meM saM0 1600 ke AsapAsa huA hogA / isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai 'dAna zIla prabhAve karI, nirmala citta haiyA AdarI, lAvaNyadevai iNipari kahi, bhavika loka ne kAraNa sahI |74 | je bhaNatAM maMgala ghari hoya, bhaNatAM saMpati ghari soya, abhaNatAM hui naviya nidhAna, abhaNatAM NAme kalyANa // 75 // 3 Apane isa grantha racanA kA kAla isameM nahIM diyA hai kintu yaha racanA isa zatAbdI ke antima dazaka kI ho sakatI hai / 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 1, pR0 135 2. vahI pR0 163 3. bahI 164 - 165

Page #493
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa lAvaNyaratna - Apa tapAgacchIya hemavimalasUri kI paramparA meM surahaMsa ke ziSya the / Apa ne 'matsyodara rAsa', vatsarAja-devarAjarAsa, yazodhara caritra, kalAvatIrAsa aura kamalAvatIrAsa kI racanA kI / yazodharacaritra - rAsa kI racanA saM0 1573 meM huI, yathA I 'vivekaratna zrI bhaNI Adari, saMvata paMnara saya trihuttarI, devagiri nagare kati mAse, yazodhara caritra ullAsi / " 476 isameM kavi ne tapAgacchIya AcArya somasundarasUri, munisundarasUri, ratnazekharasUri, lakSmIsAgarasUri, sumatisAdhusUri, hemavimalasUri aura - dhanadeva kA yathAkrama varNana kiyA hai| surahaMsa inhIM dhanadeva ke ziSya the / prArambha meM kavi ne bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadhara kI naMdanA kI hai, yathA : 'devagirimaMDana devataru vaMdI vIrajiNaMda, iMda save sevA kareM dii je paramANaMda, goyama gaNahara guravarasaraNa saraNa karI manakhaMtti / ' tihAM yazodhara rAyanA nava bhava navarasabaMdha, lAvaNya ratna kavi ima kahe suNo (oha ) saMbaMdha / ' vatsarAjadevarAjarAsa kA racanAkAla saM0 1571 pauSa vadI 1 kI - sUcanA kavi ne isa prakAra dI hai -- 'kalA bahuttari guNa AdhAro, paMcamahanvaya suddhAcAro, baMdisaso gurusAro / lAvaNyaratna tasusIsa harasiM, saMvatapanara ekottara varasi, posi par3ave divasa | devagiri nagari kIdhau rAsa, vaccharAja nuM sarasa nivAsa, bhaNati te sukha lahasai / " isameM bhI somasundara se surasaMha taka kI guru paramparA ginAI gaI hai / prArambha meM gautama gaNadhara tathA devI sarasvatI kI vandanA kI gaI hai, yathA'goyama gaNahara vighanahara, maNahara vacana vilAsa, jAsa pasAI prAmIi, te praNamI karUM rAsa / baMbhasutA haMsa gAmiNI, sAmiNI kaviyaNa mAya, te sarasati se sadA, jima prAmu jasavAya / 3 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pR0 130 - 131 - 2. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 568-569 3. vahI

Page #494
maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya 477 matsyodara caritrarAsa kI racanA saM0 1574 meM huI / kucha loga ise lAvaNyaratna ke guru surahaMsa kI racanA samajhate the kintu zrI desAI kA nizcita abhimata hai ki isake kartA lAvaNyaratna hI haiM; na ki unake guru surahaMsa | isakI vibhinna pratiyoM meM pAThAntara milatA hai / isakI antima do paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : : 'zrI tapA ratnazekharasUri jiNi paDibodhyA sAvaka sahasa, saMvata para cittari varise, devagiri nagara kIdhau rAsa / " isase yaha patA calatA hai ki prAyaH ye sabhI racanAyeM devagiri meM racI gaI aura saM0 1570 ke pazcAt agale do tIna varSoM meM hI likhI gaI haiM / inakI bhASA zailI bhI inake eka hI karttA kA saMketa karatI hai / lAvaNya samaya - Apa tapAgacchIya AcArya somasundarasUri kI paramparA meM samayaratna ke ziSya the / Apa isa zatAbdI ke eka mahAkavi ho gaye haiM aura gurjara sAhitya ke katipaya itihAsa granthoM meM 16vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ko lAvaNyasamaya yuga ke nAma se bhI pukArA gayA hai| kisI mahApuruSa ke nAma para kisI yuga kA nAmakaraNa tabhI hotA hai jaba usane kisI aisI pravRtti kA pravartana kiyA ho jo tatkAlIna sAhitya kI yuga-pravRtti bana gaI ho, yA usane usa yuga kI sabhI pratinidhi pravRttiyoM aura vidhAoM meM zreSTha kAvya kI racanA kI ho, athavA usane tatkAlIna sAhityakAroM aura sAhityika gatividhiyoM kA netRtva kiyA ho, yA usane samartha sAhityakAroM kA eka aisA maMDala nirmita kiyA ho jo usake AdarzoM para sAhitya racanA meM saMlagna rahA ho / lAvaNyasamaya ne usa yuga meM pracalita prAyaH sabhI kAvya vidhAoM meM prabhUta sAhitya nirmita kara marugurjara sAhitya ko sampanna kiyA aura apane gatizIla netRtva dvArA dUsare aneka logoM ko sAhitya sRjana meM lagAyA / inake gurubhAiyoM aura ziSyoM kA eka samUha inheM kendra mAnakara kAvya racanA meM pravRtta huA / ataH inheM yadi yuga nirmAtA kahA jAya to atyukti na hogI, lekina marugurjara meM kevala gurjara sAhitya hI nahIM hai usameM marusAhitya bhI hai ataH inheM marugurjara kA yuga nirmAtA mAnane meM kucha Apatti ho sakatI hai phira bhI ye marugurjara ke nirvivAda mahAkavi haiM / inhoMne choTIbar3I pacAsoM racanAyeM kI haiM jinameM rAsa, prabandha, hamacaDI, saMvAda, saMjjhAya, beli, vivAha, gIta Adi aneka kAvya prakAra prayukta hue haiM / sahajasundara 2 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 1, pR0 132 2. zrI desAI - jaina sAhitya no itihAsa pR0 524

Page #495
478 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kRta AMkha-kAna saMvAda, yauvana-jarA saMvAda inake kara saMvAda yA rAvaNamandodarI saMvAda se prabhAvita ho sakate haiN| Apake kRtitva kA vistRta paricaya sAhitya saMsada kI tarapha se sva0 maNilAla bakorabhAI vyAsa ne prastuta kiyA hai| Apane khUba bihAra evaM bhramaNa karake dharmopadeza diyA aura jainadharma kI prabhAvanA kii| ___vaMzaparicaya-ApakA vaMza paricaya 'vimala prabandha' kI prazasti meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha vimalamantrI para AdhArita prasiddha aitihAsika racanA hai jise maNilAla vyAsa ne sampAdita-prakAzita kiyA hai| isake anusAra Apake dAdA maMga pATaNa se Akara ahamadAbAda meM base the| inake tIna putroM meM zrIdhara AjAdapura meM rahate the| zrIdhara ke cAra putra vastupAla, jinadAsa, maMgaladAsa aura laghurAja tathA eka putrI lIlAvatI thI / laghurAja hI Age calakara lAvaNyasamaya ke nAma se prakhyAta hue| ApakA janma saM0 1521 meM huA thaa| Apane ATha varSa kI avasthA meM saM0 1529 meM lakSmIsAgarasUri se dIkSA lI aura bar3e manoyogapUrvaka zAstrAbhyAsa meM laga gye| gurukRpA se 16veM varSa meM hI ApakI sarasvatI jAgRta ho gaI aura tabase Apane sAhitya sRjana prArambha kara diyaa| ApakI racanAyeM saMvat 1589 taka kI likhI prApta haiM / ataH yaha nizcita hai ki Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM vartamAna the| ApakI pramukha racanAyeM ye haiM :--siddhAnta caupai - lukAvadanacapeTA, sthUlibhadraekavIsA, gautamapRcchA cau0, AloyaNa vinatI, neminAtha hamacaDI, serIzApArzva stava, rAvaNa-mandodarI saMvAda, vairAgyavInatI, sUrapriyakevalIrAsa, vimalaprabandha, karasaMvAda, devarAjavaccharAja cau0, antarIka pArzvajina chaMda, khimarSirAsa, balibhadrarAsa, yazobhadrarAsa, sumantisAdhusUri vivAhalo, raMgaratnAkara neminAtha prabandha, dRr3haprahArI sajjhAya, pArzvajina sta0 prabhAtI, caturviMzati jina sta0, navapallavapArzva sta0, garbhaveli, AdinAthabhAsa, gorI sAMvalI gIta vivAha Adi / 'siddhAnta cau0' kI racanA Apane mUrtipUjA niSedhaka zrI lokAzAha ke mata kA khaMDana karane ke lie kiyA thaa| isakA nAma 'lukAvadanacapeTA' bhI hai / kavi ne likhA hai :'a caupai racI abhirAma, lukaTavadanacapeTA nAma / ' isa nAma se kavi kA pratipakSa para amarSa abhivyakta hotA hai, kintu kavi kA kathana hai ki yaha racanA krodhapUrvaka nahIM kI gaI hai balki siddhAnta para vicArArtha likhI hai

Page #496
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 479 'krodhanathI poSiu mai ratI, bAta kahIchaI sadhalI chatI, boliu zrI siddhAnta vicAra, tihAMnidAnu siuM adhikAra 174 / ' jIva sabe majha baMdhava samA, paDai varAMsai dharijyo kssmaa| je jima jANai te timakarU, paNi jinadharma kharuAdaru / '1 isameM lAvaNyasamaya ne apanI guru paramparA meM somasundara se lekara lakSmIsAgara, somaMjaya, sumatisAdhu aura samayaratna ko sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai| isakA racanA kAla batAte hue unhoMne likhA hai : ___ 'saMvacchara daha paMca vizAla, tritAlA varaSe ca usAla, kAtI sudi AThami zubha (ravi) vAra, racI caupai bahuta vicAra / ' anta meM kavi kahatA hai naranArI akamanAM thai, bhaNaiM guNai je se caupai, muni lAvaNyasamaya ima kahai, te mana vAMchita lIlA lahai / 181 / sthUlibhadra 'ekavIso' kI racanA 'saMvata paMnara tripanai saMvatsare, divasa dIvAlI taNau, arthAt saM0 1553 dIpAvalI ke dina huii| isameM sthUlibhadra kI stuti 21 chandoM meM kI gaI hai| isake Adi aura anta kI paMktiyAM isa prakAra hai :Adi 'Aviu Aviu re Aviu jalahara cihuM paSe, sohAviure mAsa AsAr3ha suNau sakhe / nita samarU re jehanu nAma sadA muSe, soi sAmI re sthUlibhadra jo nAmai rakhe / ' anta 'zrI sthUlibhadra munIndra rAjA citti coSai gAiu, lAvaNyasamaya suraMgi bolai aMgi niramala thAiu / 21 / 'gautamapRcchA cau0' (saM0 1554 caitra sudI 11 guruvAra) yaha bhImazI bhANeka dvArA prakAzita racanA hai| isakA maMgalAcaraNa isa prakAra hai : 'sakala manoratha pUravai, caubIsamujiNaMda, sovana vanna sohaisadA, peravyau paramANaMda / ' isakA racanAkAla 'vajhauvala zailI' meM kavi ne isa prakAra batAyA hai : 'a caupai racI causAla, kuNa saMvata naI kehu kAla, varisa mAsa kahisyU dinavAra, joilejyo jANa vicAra / 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pR0 70 2. vahI, pR0 71-72

Page #497
480 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pahila tithinI saMkhyA ANi, saMvata jANi iNi ahi nANi, vANa veda jau vAMcau vAma, jANa varSa taNu a nAma, vAsupUjya jiNavara vAram caitrathi ko mAsa jite namu, ajUAlI igyArisi sAra, tahIi suraguru giruu vAra / chanda vandha kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai dUhA cauda anai ca upai, ika japamAlI pUrI huii| Upara adhiko pATha bakhANi, te saMkhyAnA bhaNiyo jANi / ' AloyaNa vinatI kI racanA saM0 1562 vAmaja nagara meM huI, isa saMbaMdha meM ye paMktiyA~ dekhiye : saMvata panakhAsiThaI Adizvara re, alavesara sASa tu, vAmija mAMhivInavyo, sImaMdhara re devadarzana dApi tu / ' kavi prArambha meM sImaMdhara deva se apane pApoM ke kSamA kI prArthanA karatA hai| neminAtha hamacar3I (saM0 1562) meM kavi ne sarasvatI ke sAtha nemi aura rAjula kA smaraNa karatA huA kahatA hai : 'sarasa bacana dIo sarasvatI re gAyasyu nemakumAro, sAmala varaNa sohAmaNo, te rAjImatI bharatAro re hmcddii|' racanAkAla 'saMvata panara bAsaThe re gAyu nemikumAro, muni lAvaNyasamaya imabolai, varatiu jayajaya kAro re|' serIsA pArzvanAtha sva0 bhI saM0 1562 kI racanA hai| yaha serIsA meM sthApita pArzvanAtha kA stavana hai| saMvata pannaravAsaTTi prasAda serIsAtaNo, lAvaNyasame imi Adi bole namo namo tribhuvndhnnii| vairAgya vInatI (saM0 1562 Aso zudI 10) meM AdIzvara se vairAgya prApti ke nimitta binatI kI hai, yathA 'jaya paDhama jiNesara ati alavesara, AdIzvara tribhovana dhaNIya, zejeja sukhakAraNa suNi bhavatAraNa vInataDI sevaka bhaNIya / 1. zrI de0 jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 1, pR0 72 2. vahI, pR0 74-75

Page #498
maha-gurjara jaina sAhitya 481 I surapriyakevalIrAsa kI racanA khaMbhAta nagara meM saM0 1567 meM huI / 'vimala prabandha' ApakI prasiddha aitihAsika kRti hai, yaha saM0 1568 meM likhI gaI / deza - deza meM vihAra karate soraTha se giranAra hote lAvaNyasamaya mAlasuMda Aye aura vahIM cAturmAsa kiyA / yahIM para pArzvanAtha jinAlaya ke pAsa Apane saMgha ke Agraha para maMtrI vimala para AdhArita yaha prabandha, likhA / yaha racanA prakAzita aura bahuta prasiddha hai / isakA prArambha dekhiye :'Adi jiNavara Adi jiNavara prathama praNamyosu, ias fo adA sakala devi zrImAna dhyAuM, pumAvaya cakkesari vAgvANi guNa raMgi gAuM, sahiguru ApasazIridhari Alasa alaga karesi, hi kaviyaNa hUM vimalamati, vimala prabaMdha racesi / 31 isameM kavi ne apanA vaMza paricaya aura itivRttAdi diyA hai / rAta sambandhI vivaraNa dekhiye 'saMvata panara aThasaThai, vaDu rAsa vistAra, te pramANi puru caDiuM mAlasamudra majhAri / ' anta meM racanA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 'hA chaMda kavitta milI, bhASA vividha vacanna, vimalarAsa aMke achai, terasayA chappanna / batrI se akSara thiko, bAMdhai granthahamAna, sattarazata lIhi agralA, aha graMthanu nyAna'" 2 inakI racanAoM meM gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI Adi sabhI bhASAoM ke mile-jule prayoga draSTavya haiM / yaha vastutaH una santoM kI bhASA hai jo kisI prAdezika sImA meM baMdhe nahIM rahate / 'khimaRSi, balibhadrarAsa' aura 'yazobhadrarAsa' kI racanA saM0 1589 ahamadAbAda meM huI / ye tInoM rAsa 'prAcIna aitihAsika rAsa saMgraha' bhAga 2 meM prakAzita haiM / 'karasaMvAda' aura 'rAvaNamaMdodarI saMvAda' saMvAda zailI meM likhI racanAyeM haiM / racanA kA vivaraNa kavi ne ina paMktiyoM meM diyA hai 'mAlava marahaTha soraTha sAra, gUjara deza savihu siNagAra, vinaya viveka vicAra vizeSa, dIsai dhammatiNau bahu dekha, 1. desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 1, pR0 75-79 2 . vahI 6

Page #499
- gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jihAM poDhAM jiNahara posAla, vasai loka dIpatA dayAla zAMtija (sAtI) nagara maMDi suvizAla gAyu karasaMvAda rasAla / saMvata panarapaMcihattarai, muni lAvaNyasamai uccarai, pAmI caMdraprabha jinarAya, bekara saMpii pUjjai pAya / ' kisI-kisI prati meM 'saMvata panara camotare' bhI milatA hai / antarIka pArzva jinachaMda saM0 1585-86 vaizAkha zu0 3 ko likhI gii| rAvaNa maMdodarI saMvAda meM rAvaNa ko sItAharaNa ke anaucitya para maMdodarI cetAvanI detI hai, yathA : 482 'sUtelo sIMha jagAvIu, naDIo vAsaga nAgare, sIta harI tas ka iThA rAma nA pAga re / sAMbhali rAvaNa rAjIA, jAse mahiyala mAma re, satI sItA ta kAM harI, virI vaMkaDo rAmare / sAMbhali / 1 devarAjavaccharAja caupAI AnandakAvyamahodadhimauktika meM prakAzita hai / isameM devarAja kA caritra 6 khaMDoM meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / yaha eka sarasa kAvya hai kintu isakA racanA kAla kavi ne nahIM diyA hai / 'sumatisu risAdhuvivAhalo' aitihAsika rAsa saMgraha, bhAga 1 meM prakAzita hai / isameM sumatisUri kA jIvanavRtta hai / inake pitA jAvaranagara vAsI zrI gajapati zAha aura mAtA saMpUrI devI the / inakA janma saM0 1494 meM huA, ratnazekharasUri se saM0 1511 meM dIkSA lI aura saM0 1518 meM inheM sUri pada milA / saM0 1518 meM sUri pada kA mahotsava huA / usakA isameM varNana kiyA gayA hai| rAsa kI bhASA zailI ke namUne ke rUpa meM usa samaya kI paMktiyAM uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM jaba nIparAja ( sumatisUri ) dIkSA kI anumati apanI mAM se mAMgate haiM, mAM samajhAtI hai'RddhiramaNi sukha bhogavai vacha karu vIvAha, mAta bhaNai majhamana taNau vacha pUri umAha saMyama chai ati dohilau vacha khaDaganI dhAra, UnhauM AchaNa pIvaUM bhojana eka bAra unhAlai ati dAjhavau jAvauM deza videsi, paraghari bhikSA mAMgavI vacha kima gamesi | 2 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 1, pR0 83 2. aitihAsika rAsa saMgraha, bhAga 1 'sumatisUri sAdhu vivAhalo'

Page #500
443 maru-gurjara jaina mAhinya kula 82 padyoM kI yaha racanA bhASA aura bhAva kI dRSTi se saMtulita hai| 'raMgaratnAkaraneminAthaprabandha' neminAtha ke caritra ke sarasa aMza para AdhArita rasa pradhAna racanA hai| isakA maGgalAcaraNa kavi ne saMskRta zloka se kiyA hai / isakA racanA kAla nahIM diyA gayA hai| isake chaMdoM meM bhASA kI laya aura pravAha ke kAraNa geyatA hai, yathA tujha tanu sohai ujjalakati, pUnima sasihara pari jhalakaMtI, paya ghamadhama dhugghara dhamakaMtI, haMsa gamaNi cAlai cmkNtii| cAlai camakatI, jagijayavaMtI, vINA pustakaM pavara dharai, kari kamala kamaMDala kAne kuMDala ravimaMDala parikati karai / / 'dRr3haprahArIsaMjhAya', zrAvakavidhisaMjhAya, dAna kI saMjhAya aura kaI anya saMjhAya Apane likhe haiM jaise paMcatIrthasaMjjhAya, paMcaviSayasaMjjhAya, AThamadanIsaMjjhAya, sAtavAranIsaMjjhAya ityaadi| Apake likhe stavanoM kI saMkhyA bhI kAphI hai jaise pArvajinastavanaprabhAtI, caturvizatijinastavana Adi bar3I lokapriya aura madhura racanAyeM haiN| caturviMzatijinastavana mAlinI chanda meM hai isakA eka chanda udAharaNArtha prastuta hai'kanakatilaka bhAle hAra hIiM nihAle; RSabha payapakhAle pApanA paMka TAle / ara jinavara bhAle phUTa re phUla mAle, narabhava ajuAle rAganiiM rosa TAle / ' navapallavapArzvanAthastavana eka aitihAsika stavana hai| isameM 35 padya haiM, isakI racanA saM0 1558 meM huI hai| isameM navapallava pArzvanAtha kI tIrtha yAtrA kA manohara varNana kiyA gayA hai / ___ 'garbhaveli' aura 'gorIsAMvalIgIta' lokagIta ke kAvya rUpa haiN| santa tulasI ne jaise kahA hai dharma na artha na kAma ruci, gati na cahauM nirvANa / janma janma ratirAma pada, yaha varadAna na Ana // unase kAphI pahale kavilAvaNyasamaya 'garbhaveli' ke anta meM kahate haiM :_ 'Rddhi vRddhi rANima ghaNI, bhUma aratha bhaNDAra, navimAMgU mugatAmaNI, gar3hamaDha gajatokhAra, 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 86 2. vahI, pR0 88

Page #501
484 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa muni lAvaNyasamaya bhai, kahUM ji bekara joDi, kavi suprasanna hojyo sadA sImadhaMra dharmaM thakI mujajoDi / ' 'gorIsAMvalIgIta' vivAha ke avasara para gAyA jAne vAlA lokagIta hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki lAvaNyasamaya ne satkAvya ko hI kevala bar3I mAtrA meM sarjanA nahIM kI balki lokakAvya bhI paryApta likhA aura hara prakAra kI kAvyavidhA meM prabhUta sAhitya sRjana karake maru-gurjara kA bhaNDAra bharA / inakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva nissaMdeha adhika hai / isIlie zrI desAI ne unheM gujarAtI kA hI kavi ghoSita kiyA hai parantu vastusthiti yaha hai ki ye maru-gurjara ke mahAkavi haiN| Upara die gaye uddharaNoM se vijJa pAThaka svayaM isakA anumAna kara sakate haiM / lAvaNyasiMha - Apa kharataragacchIya udayapadma ke ziSya the / Apane saMbhavataH saM0 1558 meM 'DhaMDhaNakumArarAsa' (56 kar3I ) kI racanA kI / isa rAsa kI antima cAra paMktiyA~ udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM 'kharatara gachi guru guNanilau, udayapadma vaNArIsa, vAcaka lAvaNyasiMha kahi, Adi namaMtu sIsa / mandiri girivara sAgara, zeSa maNadhara jAma, ravi zazi maMDana jAM tapi, DhaMDhaNa caritra guNagrAma | 56 | 2 isameM DhaMDhaNakumAra ke caritra kA guNAnuvAda kiyA gayA hai| racanA ati sAmAnya koTi kI hai / lIdho - Apa 16 vIM zatI ke antima caraNa ke mahattvapUrNa kavi haiM / 17 vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha kavi RSabhadeva ne ApakA zreSTha kaviyoM ke sAtha sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai / ApakI racanAyeM 'pArzvanAthanAmnAsaMvegarasa' caMdrAulA, devapUjAgIta ( 15 dohA ), caubIsa jananamaskAra ( 25 kar3I ), bIsa viharamAna jinagIta ( 21 gIta ) Adi ullekhanIya haiM / 'candrAulA' kI bhASA-zailI kA namUnA lIjiye 'sakala suriMda nami sadAre pAsa jiNesara devo, mAnava bhava pAmI karI re, ahanisi kIji sebo / 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3, pR0 51.4 2. vahI, pR0 529

Page #502
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 385 ahanisi sevA karIjai jinavara, to nizcaya pAmIjai zivapura, tumha muSa jotA haraSa na bhAu, sakala suriMda sadA guNa gAuM / anta : svAmI dhyAuM zrI jinacanda, dhyAna dharatAM paramAnanda, jechai sAsvata sukhaananta, lodhAnaiApo bhagavaMta / ' 'devapUjAgIta' kI prathama paMkti meM kavi jinavara pUjana kA vivaraNa detA huA kahatA hai'kevala bhASita sUtra majhAri, jinavara pUjA bahu vistaari|' anta meM puna: kahatA hai___ 'vistAri bahu jinavara pUjA, jJAtAdharmakathAMga, kara jor3I praNamata sevaka lIdhauM sugati Apu svAmIu / ' lIdhA apane ko bhagata kahate haiM aura unakI racanAoM meM tatkAlIna bhakti kAvya kA spaSTa prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai| inhoMne jo sAhitya likhA hai vaha bhagavaMta kI pUjA, vinatI, namaskAra arthAt bhakti sambandhI hI hai| vIsaviharamAnajinagIta kI nimnAMkita paMktiyAM isa sandarbha meM avalokanIya haiM 'sAmi sImaMdhara pamuha jiNaMda, vIsai a jagaguru gAiio, bhagata lIdhauM bhaNai dharIa ANaMda, zAsvatAM sukha jima pAii / ' lIdho eka bhakta evaM sarala hRdaya sukavi the| bhakti bhAva Apake kAvya meM mukhya rUpa se milatA hai| vaccha-vAcho-Apa baDatapagacchIya jJAnasAgarasUri ke zrAvaka bhakta the / thor3e se jina zrAvakoM ne sAhitya nirmANa meM yoga diyA hai unameM vaccha yA vAcho kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai, kintu inake sambandha meM adhika vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| inakI racanA 'mRgAMkalekhAcaritra' (saM0 1523 ) jaina sAhitya meM paryApta prasiddha hai| isakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1544 kI prApta hai / isakA racanA kAla mUlapATha meM isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai panara vIsa phAguNa sudi bahu buddhi taNu nivAsa, ravi pakSa anai tithi terasi, te raciuM stuti prakAza / isa caritra meM satI mRgAMkalekhA kA pavitra caritra citrita hai| kavi ne rAsa ke anta meM anya satI nAriyoM jaisI sItA, sulasA, caMdanabAlA aura 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-0 gu0 kala-bhAga 1, pR0 162-163 aura bhAga 3 pR0 619-620

Page #503
486 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa subhadrA Adi ke samakakSa isake caritra ko pavitra batAyA hai| isa rAsa kI bhASA zailI ke udAharaNArtha isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dI jA rahI haiM 'goyama gaNahara payanamevI, bahu buddhi lahesu, magAMkalekhA satIya caritra, mani suddhi kahesu / sIlai saromaNI guNi nilume, mani mAna na ANaMi, manasA vAcA kAya karI, te sIla baSANai / ' isa rAsa meM racanA kAla likhane ke pUrNa vAcho kavi ne 'jIvabhavasthiti rAsa' kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, yathA 'tAsa vayaNa suNiAM mana suddhi, tINaiM buddhi hui prakAza, kIu upagAra taNI mati, jIvabhavasthiti rAsa / 28 / / isa uddharaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha sUcanA kevala 'jIvabhavasthitirAsa' ke sambandha meM hai kintu zrI desAI jI kA anumAna hai ki ukta racanA tithi donoM kRtiyoM ke sambandha meM hai / yadi yaha anumAna ThIka ho to donoM racanAyeM saM0 1523 meM likhI gaIM, anyathA yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki mRgAMkalekhAcaritra saM0 1544 se pUrva aura jIvabhavasthitirAsa saM0 1523 meM likhI gii| isakA pUrA nAma 'jIvabhavasthiti-siddhAntasAra-pravacanasArarAsa' diyA hai| zrI desAI ne pahale to ise jJAnasAgarasUri ziSyakRta kahA kintu jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 meM unhoMne ise spaSTa rUpa se jJAnasAgara ke ziSya vAcho kI racanA svIkAra kiyA hai| jIvabhavasthitisAra kI IDarabAiyoM ke bhaMDAra se prApta prati ke anta meM racanAkAla saM0 1520 batAyA gayA hai' panara se bIsA, phAguNa siddhi taNau nivAsa, ravi pakSa ane tithi taresi te racyau punyaprakAza / ' isameM kavi ne apane ko baDatapagacchIya jJAnasAgarasUri kA ziSya batAyA hai / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai _ 'siri risahesara payanamI, saMtikaraNa zrI zAMti, pUjisu pAsa kapUrasiuM, pUrasiuM mana taNI khaMti / ' 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 67 2. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 64 3. vahI bhAga 3 pR0 498 4. vahI bhAga 1 pR0 56 5. vahI bhAga 3 pR0 482

Page #504
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 487 isameM nAnA prakAra ke rAga, chaMda aura dezI layoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| inakI tIsarI racanA 'cihuMgativeli' hai, jisake Adi aura anta kI paMktiyA~ uddhRta kI jA rahI haiMAdi- Adi deva arihaMta tUM, AdIzvara avadhAri, cau gai pArana pAmI a, bhavasAgara bhayavAri / kuguru kudeva kudharma hUaM, ralyu anaMtAkAla, tU avihaDa maiM pAmIu, jayaguru devadayAla / ' anta- triNi kAla jinapUjA kIjai, suguru kahIjai ANa / bhavIaNa zrI jinadharma kahatAM, pAmIsai kalyANa / cihuMgatinI a veli, vicArI je pAlai jina ANa, tehanAcaraNa-kamala nai pasAi, hUM vALU guNaThANa / 142 / '' inakI marugurjara bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva paryApta hai / vacchabhaNDAro--ye bhI zrAvaka kavi haiM aura depAla ke samakAlIna haiN| zrI desAI kA anumAna hai ki vAcho aura vacchabhaMDArI eka hI vyakti haiN| bacchabhaDArIkRta 'navapallavapArzvanAthakalaza' prakAzita racanA hai| yaha maMgarola me likhI gaI kintu isakA racanA kAla nizcita rUpa se jJAta nahIM hai| yaha depAla kavi ka snAtrapUjAsaMgraha ke sAtha prakAzita hai| isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM zrI saurASTra dezamadhye zrI maGgalapuramaMDaNo, duritavihaDaMNo, anAthanAtha asaraNa saraNa tribhuvana janamana rNjno| 23 mo tIrthaGkara zrI pArzvanAtha teha taNo kalaza kahIzu DhAla 'hA re vANArasI nayarI vaseya anupama upama avadAdhAra, tihAM vApI sarovara nadIyakUpa jala vanaspati bhAra aDhAra, tihAM gar3ha mar3hamaMdira disa abhinava, sundara poli prAkAra, kosIsA pAkhala phirati khAi, koTe visamAM ghATa ? bhinna-bhinna pratiyo meM isakI antima paMktiyA~ bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM milatI haiN| isake antima paMktiyoM kA eka pATha Age diyA jA rahA hai : 'ima bhaNe vacchabhaMDArI nijadina ama mana o arihaMta, ahevA nIlavaraNa navaraMga jinesara, jayo jayo jayavaMta / ' 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 500 2. vahI bhAga 1, pR0 66

Page #505
488 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakI bhASA zailI bhI vAdyoM kI bhASA zailI ke mela meM hai| yadi ye donoM kavi eka hI vyakti hoM to vAcho yA vacchabhaMDArI kI cAra kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM jinake AdhAra para ve marugurjara ke eka zreSTha kavi pramANita hote haiN| varasiMha-vIrasiMha-Apane saM0 1569 se pUrva 'USAharaNa' nAmaka kAvya likhaa| ise zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarA ne sampAdita karake phArvasa gujarAtI sabhA ke mukhapatra (san 1936 se 38 taka ke aMka) meM prakAzita kiyA hai / varasiMha saMbhavataH jainatera lekhaka the, kintu USAharaNa kI pratilipi ke lekhaka ratnameru jaina the aura isakI prati jaina-bhaMDAroM meM surakSita haiM tathA isakI bhASA maru-gurjara hai| ataH ise marugurjara sAhitya ke antargata liyA jAnA samIcIna hai| isameM viSNu ke avatAra zrI kRSNa ke vaMzaja aniruddha aura vANAsura kI kanyA USA ke vivAha kI rocaka kathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake prArambha meM kavi ne mA~ sarasvatI kI vaMdanA kI hai aura isake zravaNa kA phala saMcita pApoM kA nAza batAyA hai| isase saMbandhita paMktiyA~ dekhiye :-- 'praNamasi sArada varada visesi, vANI vimala diumujharezi, nighaTasa navarasa kathA saMmadha, prAkRtapaiM cupai piMDa baMdha / 1 / zAmA zroNitapurIyamaMjhAri, rA vANAsura taNIya kumAri, ciMtita varavaMchi manamAMhi, racisa kavita haiM tINai ThAhi uSA harArNa saNi phala aha, zravaNi hRdayali navarasa meha, saMcita pApa aMganA jAi, nIyaDAjvara akavIsa na thaai| isameM mukhyarUpa se caupAI chanda kA prayoga huA hai, isake alAvA anya kaI chaMdoM aura rAgarAginiyoM kA bhI yatra-tatra prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ghula sanyAsI rAga meM baddha eka gIta kI kucha paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'buhArIya chaMDIya bATa, bA~dhI yi parIyaTa pATa, maMDapi ubhoya zaNagArI vi hATa, abalA zari ur3hayA ghATa / AThamiiM avatAri, kaMsamAlA SADimAri, balitaNu vANAsara manAvaya hAri / yAdavabiMza vadhAri, sola sahasra nAri, varasiMga bhaNai dvApara yuga maMjhAri / 502 / ' 1. zrI desAI--0 gu0 kavi-bhAga 3, khaNDa 2 pR.0 2121 2. vahI

Page #506
maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya 489 vAsaNa - Apa tapAgacchIya AcArya vijayadAnasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1597 meM 'AnandavimalasUrirAsa' kI racanA kI / yaha ai0 rA0 saM0 meM prakAzita hai / isameM AnandavimalasUri kA caritra citrita hai, sArAMza nIce dekhiye / isakA prArambhika chaMda isa prakAra hai : 'sakala padAratha pAmIi, jayaMtA zrIjinanAma | prathama tithesara dhyAii RSabhajIkarU pramANa | 2 isake anta kI paMktiyoM meM pAThAntara milatA hai, yathA :'zrI AnandavimalasUrisaru tasa paTodharapavitta, 2 zrIvijayadAnasUri guNanilu, vAsaNa praNami, a ANI naramalacitta / " dUsarI prati meM isakA racanAkAla 'sAdhuguNaratnamAlarAsa' ke nAma se batAyA gayA hai saMvata panara satANui, Aso AkSUra AlomAsa sAdhanAma guNaratnamAla o rAsa, racatA o mananaI, ati ulAsa ullAsa / X X aivaMtA ajamAna varu zrIvijayadAna sUrIMda, bhaTAraka rAjavijaya sUri kahe vAsaNapraNa AnaMda / 160 / 3 ApakI dUsarI racanA 'AdinAtharatta' 21 kar3I kI laghu kRti hai / isa para saMskRta meM TIkA kI gaI hai| isa choTI sI marugurjara kI racanA ke lie saMskRta meM TIkA gaurava kI bAta hai / isakI do prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye -- pahilU paNamiya deva paramesara seja dhaNiya, paya paMkaja rama seva, raMgihi vi vasu tasu taNIya / X isakI antima paMktiyoM meM kavi kA nAma isa prakAra AyA hai : 'sevaya sabhAsura thuNiya bhAsuraguru vabhAsura gaMjaNo, maha suvihi vAsaNa deu sAsaNa vijayatilau niraMjaNo / ' 1. desAI - je0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 1, pR0 168 2. aitihAsika rAsa saMgraha - AnandavimalasUri rAsa, pR0 85-86 3. desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 1, pR0 168 4. desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3, pR0 624

Page #507
490 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yaha kAvya vidhA kI navInatA, bhASA kI sundaratA aura viSaya pratipAdana kI gambhIratA kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai / __ AnandavimalasUrirAsa (prakA0-aitihAsika rAsa saMgraha) se sUrijI ke saMbaMdha meM nimnAMkita mahatvapUrNa sUcanAyeM prApta hotI haiM / AnandavimalasUri hema vimalasUri ke pttttdhrthe| inake pitA kA nAma meghajIzAha auramAtA kA nAma maNikya de thaa| ApakA parivAra IDara nagara meM rahatA thaa| ye loga osavAla vaNika the / Apake bacapana kA nAma bAdhajI thaa| ApakA janma saM0 1547 meM huaa| ApakI dIkSA hemavimalasUri dvArA saM0 1552 meM tathA suri pada saM0 1570 meM sampanna huaa| Apane khUba vihAra kiyA; yAtrAoM kA netRtva kiyA aura apane pravacanoM dvArA jainadharma kI prabhAvanA kii| saM0 1597 meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| yaha rAsa usI varSa likhA gyaa| isameM kucha 153 chanda haiN| vijayasiMha-kavi vijayasiMha ne saM0 1505 meM 'ajiyapurANa' (ajita purANa) nAmaka kAvya kI racanA kii| isameM dUsare tIrthakara ajitanAtha kA caritra citrita hai / kavi ne ise mahApurANa batAyA hai kintu vastutaH yaha eka carita kAvya hai / isakI bhASA apabhraMza gabhita hai ataH ise marugurjara kI racanA mAnane meM kaThinAI hai| isalie isake vistRta vivaraNa aura uddharaNa Adi nahIM die jA rahe haiN| __ bhaTTAraka vijaya kIti-Apane svayaM marugurjara meM racanA nahIM kI kintu Apane sAhitya sRjana kI preraNA dekara sAhitya ko surakSita rakhane kI suvyavasthA karake aura svayam sAhitya kA Alambana banakara parokSarUpa se sAhitya kI smaraNIya sevA kI hai| zubhacandra, yazodhara, brahma bUcarAja jaise samartha kaviyoM ne ApakI prazasti kI aura ApakI stuti meM kavitAyeM likhIM jaise bha0 zubhacandra kRta 'zrIvijayakIti chanda', bra0 vUcarAja kRta gIta Adi / kAmarAja, devendrakIrti, lakSmIcanda, yazodhara Adi ne apanI kRtiyoM meM inakI prazasti kI hai| vijayagaNi-zrI desAI ne saM0 1592 meM racita 'ArAdhanArAsa' kA kartA inheM batAyA thA, kintu jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3, pR0 621 meM use azuddha batAkara likhA ki vastutaH yaha racanA pArzvacandrasUrikRta hai / ataH isa racanA 1. hi0 sA0 kA bR0 i0-bhAga 3, pR0 266

Page #508
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 491 para pArzvacandrasUri ke sAtha hI vicAra ucita hai / ArAdhanAmoTI, ArAdhanAnAnI, ArAdhanAsaMkSepa nAmaka kaI ArAdhanA saMjJaka racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya pArzvacandrasUri ke sAtha pahale diyA jA cukA hai / vijayadevasUri - Apa puNyaratna ke ziSya the / Apake pitA cAhaDazAha jodhapura ke samIpavartI aruNanagara nivAsI osavAla vaizya the / ApakI mAtA kA nAma cAMpala devI thA / ApakA janma kA nAma varadarAja thA / Apane bAlyAvasthA meM hI pArzvacandra se dIkSA lI aura vidyAbhyAsa hetu brahmaRSi ke sAtha dakSiNa deza cale gaye / inhoMne vijayanagara kI rAjasabhA meM digambara paMDitoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA aura mahArAjA vijayanagara dvArA hI inheM 'sUri' pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| bAda meM ye jodhapura Aye aura pArzva candra inheM vidhivat sUri pada pradAna kiyA / khaMbhAta meM jAkara ye rogagrasta hue aura brahmaRSi ko vinayadevasUri ke nAma se sUri pada pradAna kara svargArohaNa kiyA / racanAyeM - Apane 'zIlarAsa' (zIlaprakAzarAsa ) kI racanA jAlaura meM kii| isa rAsa meM neminAthajI kI prazasti hai / ataH ise neminAtharAsa yA zIlarakSAprakAzakarAsa Adi kaI nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / isa kA prArambhika padya nimnAMkita hai pahilauM praNAma karauM jinarAya, lAgu jI gotama gaNadhara pAyaM, sadguru vANI valI sAMbhalau, bhUlau jI akSara ANijyo ThAI / rAsa bhaNisu raliyAmaNau, je suNyA sIla hiyai thira thAI kokilA jima kaliravi karai, mAsa vasaMta jima aMba pasAI ki, kaMizIla akhaMDita sevajyo / ' 1 | isameM zIla ke mahattva kI carcA karatA huA kavi kahatA hai'sigalI nArI na caMcala hoI, puruSa save bhalA mata kahA koI, sahI sarakhI nahI aMgulI, cau varaNe guNa sArikhA saMtI / puruSaha ke para strI ramai, hasI hasI pari ghari pAya ThavaMtI / pagatalI maraNa na pekhai. hAtha dIvIlayai kUpa paDatI / 2 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - je0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 1, pR0 148 - 150 aura bhAga 3 pR0 596 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA -- paramparA, pR0 66

Page #509
492 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yaha rAsa choTA hone para bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / zrI nAhaTA ne inake praguru kA nAma pujarAja likhA hai| zrI bhagavAnadAsa tivArI ne isakA racanAkAla saM0 1576 batAyA hai| racanAkAra ne racanAkAla kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva adhika hai| udAharaNArtha isake anta kI kucha paMktiyA~ dekhiye :'hibai zrIpUjya pAsacaMda taNau supasAuM, sIsa dharai nijaniramala bhAu / nayara jAloraha jagatau hivi, nemi namau nitu be karajoDi / / svAmI durita nai kaSTa harau dUri, vegi manoratha mahArA pUri, ANasyauM saMjama Apiyo hivai, vInavai imi zrIvijayadevasUri / isameM neminAtha ke Adarza caritra dvArA zIla kA uccAdarza iMgita kiyA gayA hai| isakA viSaya lokapriya hai aura racanA sarasa DhaMga se sarala marugurjara bhASA meM prastuta kI gaI hai| ataH yaha itanI lokapriya aura bahupracArita rahI hai ki isakI pacAsoM pratiyA~ vibhinna bhAMDAroM meM prApta haiN| 80 padyoM kA yaha rAsa prakAzita hai| ApakI eka laghukRti 'upadezagIta' (19 kar3I) prApta hai| isakI prArambhika paMkti isa prakAra hai : 'suratarunIpari dohilaure, lAdhau narabhava sAra / ' aMtima paMkti dekhiye : 'khimA sahita tuhmo tapa karau, imi bolai re vijayadevasUri / ' vidyAbhUSaNa-Apa bhaTTAraka vizvasena ke ziSya the / Apa saM0 1600 se pUrva hI bhaTTAraka pada para pratiSThita ho gaye the! Apa saMskRta aura marugurjara bhASA ke acche vidvAn evaM sulekhaka the / marugurjara meM Apane lakSmaNacaubIsI pada, dvAdazAnuprekSA aura bhaviSyadattarAsa kI racanA kI hai| saMskRta meM Apane bArahasaicautIsovidhAna likhA hai / inakI marugurjara kI racanAoM meM 'bhaviSyadattarAsa' vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| isameM bhaviSyadatta ke romAMcaka jIvana kA AdarzarUpa citrita hai| isase pUrva isa caritra para AdhArita saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM aneka racanAyeM ho cukI haiM isase patA lagatA hai ki yaha caritra jaina jagata meM bar3A lokapriya rahA hai| yaha kRti sojatrA nagara sthita supArzvanAtha ke maMdira meM saM0 1600 zrAvaNa sudI paMcamI ko pUrNa huii| 1. zrI mo. 80 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 149

Page #510
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 493 isakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva adhika hai / isameM dUhA, caupai, vastu - baMdha evaM vibhinna DhAloM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kavi ne isameM apanI guru paramparA batAte hue kASThAsaMgha, naMdItaTa gaccha ke A0 rAmasena se lekara vimalasena, vizvasena taka kI vaMdanA kI hai / racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai saMvata solasi zrAvaNa mAsa, sukulapaMcamIdina ulhAsa, kahi vidyAbhUSaNa sUrIsAra, rAsa e nandu koDa varIsa | " isa racanA kA viSaya lokapriya hai kintu viSaya sthApanA ke lie tadanurUpa bhASA aura kAvyazailI ke abhAva meM yaha eka sAmAnya racanA hI bana kI hai / vidyAdhara - ApakI eka hI racanA 'bArabhAvanA' kA patA calA hai| isameM kavi ne jainadharma ke anusAra AcaraNIya bAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana kiyA hai / prArambhika chanda meM prathama bhAvanA kA varNana kavi ne ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai : : 'pahilIya bhAvanA bhAvayo a, aha anaMtatA sahUi jANayo o, gar3ha mar3ha maMdira bhavana geha, yaha Aja bhalA na rahi kAla teha / ' kavi kahatA hai ki saMsAra ke kSaNabhaMguratA kI bhAvanA karake manuSya ko dharma meM cita lagAnA cAhiye / anta meM kavi kahatA hai: 'suranara apacharA iMdrajeha, savi Apa pahUtai na rahai teha, naraya tayaMca mAnavIya mAhi, kSaNi upajaI naI valI valIya jAi / bhai vidyAdhara bhAvayo aha bhAvanA bAra, bhaviyaNaM bhagatii sAMbhala, tu karai saphalasaMsAra / yaha zuddha dhArmika racanA hai isameM saMsAra kI asAratA kI tarapha pAThakoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa karane kI kavi ne ceSTA kI hai / 1 vidyAratna - Apa tapagacchIya AcArya hemavimala sUri kI paramparA meM lAvaNyaratna ke ziSya the / Apane 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM 'mRgAputrarAsa' kI racanA kI / saM0 1611 kI likhita isakI prati prApta hai / isameM racanA kAla nahIM hai / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ Age uddhRta haiM : 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla - rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta, pR0 209-210 2. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 kavi --- bhAga 3, pR0 641

Page #511
494 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhada, itihAsa 'titthesara trevIsamu trivabhuna tAraNa tAta, paNamaMtA pAtaka Talai, samaryA huI sukhasAta / bhoga sukhi bhaMmeriyA, bhavI bhavaibhavakoDi, thAi vairAgI vaigalA, viSai biSaDI khoDi / / isake anta meM guruparamparA dI gaI hai| isakI antima caupAI isa prakAra 'tasa paya kamali ramali ali samu, zrI lAvaNyaratna suvihANai namu, te guru sIsa ANaMdi dhaNaMi, vidyAratna iNipari bhaNai / 123 // 2 zrI vidyAratna kI dUsarI kRti 'maMgalakalazarAsa' 339 padyoM kI hai| yaha saM0 1573 meM likhI gii| isameM pAThakoM kI cittavRtti ko pApa se haTA kara puNya kI tarapha prerita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| racanAkAla isameM diyA hai : 'tasa payakamala vimala citta dharI, vidyAratna kahe iNi pari, saMvata panarasya tahottari riSa, mAgasira vadi navami maNi hariSa / puNya Upari e kIyo prabaMdha, pApa taNA TAliuM samaMdha, bhaNaMtA guNaMtA suNaMtA sAra, Rddhi vRddhi maMgala jayakAra / bhASA ke udAharaNa svarUpa isakA prArambhika chaMda prastuta hai : 'zrI zrI rAuli jina japU, jagajIvanadeva, samaryo kAjasavai sarai, karaI surAsura seva, bhArati Ati saha harai, citavatimati ati (anta), je darisa dekhaiDarI, duramati jAya digaMta / ' jIva anate ananta sukha lAdhA dharma pramANa / maMgalakalaza pratiphaliu sunase tAsa vaSAMNa / ' yaha saMtulita evaM svAbhAvika marugurjara bhASA kI kRti hai jisameM maru evaM gurjara ke zabda prayoga samanvita haiN| vinayacaMda (2)- Apa tapAgacchIya ratnasiMha sUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1516 meM jambUsvAmIrAsa' likhaa| isakA racanAkAla kavi ne svayam isa prakAra batAyA hai :1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka-bhAga 3, 50 639 2. vahI 3. zrI a. ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 ja0 gu0 ka0-pR0 143.144

Page #512
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 'saMvata panara solotarai mA0 bIjau zrAvaNa mAsa su0 zivatithi hUMtI UjalI o mA0 somavAra hUu rAsa / isakI antima kar3I isa prakAra hai 'caMda sUrija jA Ugamai o (mAlaMta ) meru giri zrUyatAra, su0 tAM lagai haraSii gAio mA0, svAmI jaMbU kumAra / suNi sundare svAmI jaMbU kumAra / 112 | 14vIM zatAbdI se 16vIM zatI taka vinayacanda nAmaka tIna vidvAnlekhaka ho gaye haiM lekina marugurjara sAhitya ke ye dUsare vinayacanda haiM / prathama vinayacanda bhI ratnasiMha sUri ke ziSya the, ye bhI ratna siMhasUri ke ziSya haiM kintu prathama vinayacanda 14vIM zatAbtI meM ho gaye jinakA vivaraNa yathA sthAna diyA jA cukA hai / eka bhaTTAraka vinayacanda the jinhoMne cUnar3I aura 'kalyANakarAsa' likhA / prastuta vinayacanda tapAgacchIya ratnasiMhasUri ke ziSya aura 16vIM zatAbdI ke sAhityakAra evaM jainAcArya haiM / 495 vinayacU lAgaNinI- Apako zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne 'hemaratnaphAgu' kA racayitA batAyA hai / kintu yaha kAvya vinayacUlA ke Agraha yA Adeza para likhA gayA pratIta hotA hai na ki svayaM unake dvArA praNIta / isake 21 veM chanda meM vinayacUlA kA nAma hai kintu paMkti truTita hone ke kAraNa yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki ve isakI lekhikA haiM, yathA 'vinayameru anukUlA, cUlA garima nivAsa, ...mama lahara maNahara desaNa bhAsa | 21 |' 13 yaha racanA 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai / isameM vastutaH phAgu kA koI lakSaNa nahIM milatA / kRti ke anta meM likhA hai - itizrI hemaratna sUri guru phAgu vidvaSI vinayacUlA gaNi nibaMdhena kRtam / ' isase lagatA hai ki yaha racanA hemaratnasUri ke kisI ziSya kI hai| hemaratna kA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha batAyA gayA hai ataH yaha racanA bhI usI samaya kI hogI / isa phAgu meM hemaratna kI prazasti hai| tamAma naranArI unakI vaMdanA karate haiM aura vasaMta Rtu meM nRtyagAna karate haiM / basa isI artha meM ise phAgu nAma diyA gayA hogaa| isa phAgu ke anusAra hemaratna sUri kA janma khetasI vaMzIya bhImaga ke 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - je0 gu0 ka 0 bhAga 1 pR0 52 aura bhAga 3 pR0 472-473 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 pR0 120 3. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 77-78 'hemaratnasU riphAgu'

Page #513
496 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ghara huaa| amarasiMhasUri ke upadeza se inhoMne saMyama dhAraNa kiyaa| isakA prArambhi padya isa prakAra hai : 'ahe juhArisa jagatraya adhipati, munipati sumati jiNaMda, ahe gAyasu raMgi dhanAgama, Agama gaccha muNiMda / zrI hemaratna sUri bhagatihiM, vigatihiM guNa varNavesu, guru pada paMkaja seviya, jIviya saphala karesu / / antima chanda dekhiye 'iNipari suhaguru sevau, kevau nahIM bhavavAsi, durlabha narabhava lAghau, sAdhau siddhi ulhAsa / 22 / ' racanA kAvyatva kI dRSTi se sAmAnya koTi kI hai| vinayabhAva-Apa AnandavimalasUri ke ziSya the| Apane guru para AdhArita do racanAyeM likhI haiM (1) AnandavimalasUrisvAdhyAya, (2) aanndvimlsuurisjjhaay| ye donoM racanAyeM 'aitihAsikajanagurjarakAvya saMcaya' meM kramAMka 17 aura 18 para prakAzita haiN| vijayadAnasUri ke ziSya vAsaNa ne bhI 'AnandavimalasUrirAsa' likhA hai jisakA vivaraNa diyA jA cukA hai| vinayabhAva kI ina racanAoM se AnandavimalasUri ke sambandha meM mukhya rUpa se ye sUcanAyeM milatI haiM ki ve saM0 1547 meM osavaMzIya medhA kI patnI mANekade kI kukSi se paidA hue the| unakA bacapana kA nAma bodhakuMvara thaa| unhoMne saM0 1570 meM hemavimala sUri se dIkSA lI aura svAdhyAya, tapazcaryA aura dharmopadeza kiyaa| inheM saM0 1582 meM hemavimalasUri ne sUripada diyA aura saM0 1587 meM ye AcArya pada para pratiSThita he| inhoMne gujarAta, mAlavA, bAgar3a, rAjasthAna Adi prAntoM meM bihAra kiyA aura apane dharmopadeza dvArA aneka sAdhu banAye, janatA ko dharma kA bodha kraayaa| kaI pratiSThAyeM karAI aura saM0 1596 caitra sudi 7 ko 9 dina kA anazana karake ahamadAbAda meM zarIra tyAga diyaa| inhI tathyoM ko ina racanAoM meM padya baddha kara diyA gayA hai| ye kRtiyA~ saM0 1596 ke AsapAsa likhI gaI hoNgii| inakI bhASA sAmAnya marugurjara hai| kAvyatva kI dRSTi se ye sAmAnya racanAyeM haiN| 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 78 2. jaina aitihAsika kAvya saMcaya (saM0 muni jinavijaya) krama saM0 18-19

Page #514
32 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 497 vinayaratana-Apa baDagacchIya munidevasUri vAcaka mahIratana munisAra ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1549 meM subhadrAcaupai (153 padya) likhaa| isake racanA kAla kI sUcanA Apane isa prakAra dI hai saMvata panara guNacAsai carI, bhAdra baDai mati upanI khrii| isake prArambha meM subhadrA ke zIla varNana kI prastAvanA hai, yathA 'kamalavadani subhadrA taNau, sIlai sohagarUpa, avicala sIlai jIvasukha, zIlaimAnai bhuup|" kavi ne guru paramparA ke sambandha meM bar3agaccha ke devasUri, munIzvarasUri, meruprabha, rAjaratana, munidevasari aura mahIratana kA ullekha kiyaa| isakA antima chaMda isa prakAra hai 'zAstra mAMhi mai dIThI jisI, caupai baMdhae ANI tisI bhaNai bhaNAvai nisuNai jeha, varakANAdhipa tUsai deva / 53 // ' isakI bhASA bolacAla kI svAbhAvika marugurjara hai / isakI prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya meM upalabdha hai| vAcaka vinayasamudra-16 vIM zatAbdI ke zvetAmbara mahAkaviyoM meM Apa prAyaH antima zreSTha racanAkAra haiN| Apa upakezagaccha ke vAcaka harSasamudra ke ziSya the| ApakA kAryakSetra adhikatara rAjasthAna thaa| ApakA racanA kAla saM0 1583 se 1614 taka svIkRta hai| isa avadhi meM Apane karIba 25 racanAyeM kIM, jinameM se 20 racanAoM kA vivaraNa zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne rAjasthAnabhAratI bhAga-5, aMka 1 meM 'vAcaka vinayasamudra' zIrSaka ke antargata prastuta kiyA hai| inake pramukha racanAoM kI sUcI yahA~ dI jAe rahI hai- [1] vikramapaMcadaNDa cau0, padya 593, saM0 1583, [2] ArAmazobhA cau0, padya 248, saM0 1583, [3] ambar3a cau0, saM0 1599 tivarI, [4] mRgAvatI cau0, saM0 1602, bIkAnera, [5] citrasenapadmAvatIrAsa padya 247 saM0 1604 jodhapura, [6] padmaparitra ( rAmAyaNa ) saM0 1604 bIkAnera, [7, zIlarAsa, padya 44 saM0 1604, [8] rohiNIrAsa saM0 1605, [9] siMhAsanabattIsI cau0 saM0 1611 bIkAnera, [10] pArzvanAthastavana, 39 padya, [11] naladamayantIrAsa, padya 305 saM0 1614, [12] saMgrAmasUri cau0-bIkAnera, [13] candanabAlArAsa, [14] 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 10 136 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-je0 ma0 gu0 ka0 pR0 137

Page #515
494 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa namirAjarSi saMdhi, padya 69, bIkAnera, [15] sAdhuvaMdanA, padya 108, [16] brahmacArI, 55 gAthA, [17] sImaMdharastava, padya 41, [18] zatrujayaAdIzvara stava padya 27, [19] stambhanapArzvanAtha stava padya 13, [20] ilAputrarAsa / ' Age kucha pramukha racanAoM kA paricaya evaM uddharaNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / padmacaritra-isameM jainamatAnusAra sItArAma ke pAvana caritra kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne upakezagacchIya ratnaprabhasUri, siMddhasUri, kakkasUri ko naMdana kiyA hai aura racanA tithi kA ullekha kiyA hai, yathA 'bIkAnayarai vIra jiNacaMda, tAsu pasAI paramANaMdi, caubIha saMgha taNai suprasAdi, sola ciDottara phAguNa Adi / ' kIdhI kathA sItAtaNI, sIlataNI mahimA jasu dhnnii|' abaMDacaupai-yaha saM0 1599 meM timarA meM likhI gii| yaha sarasa kathA kavi ne muniratnasari se sanI aura usake AdhAra para aMbaDa ke pAvana caritra kA varNana caupai bandha meM timarAmaMDaNa jina bhagavAn ke upAzraya meM kiyA-- 'haraSasamudra vAcaka tasusIsa, timarA maMDaNa zrI jagadIza, pAsa jiNaMda taNai supasAu, vinayasamudra kahyo mani bhAu / racanAkAla 'panara nivANU pravara prasiddhaM, a prabandha mai sulalita kiddha, mahA sukila dvitIya ravivAra, racyo timarA nayari majhAri / pUrNimAgaccha ke saMsthApaka zrIcandraprabhasUri, dharmaghoSasUri, samudraghoSasUri ke ziSya muniratnasUri ne aMbaDacaritra saMskRta meM likhA thaa| usI saMskRta racanA ke AdhAra para yaha caupai marugurjara meM likhI gaI hai| 'vikramapaMcadaNDacaupaI saM0 1583 kI racanA hai| isakA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai 'devi sarasati devisara sati prathama praNamevi, vINA pustaka dhAriNI vaMDa vihaMsi suprasaMsi cullai, kAsamIrapuravAsiNi, deinAMNa anAMNa-pillai / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-paramparA pR0 66-67 2. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 168-170 3. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-je0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1 pR0 169

Page #516
maha-gurjara jaina sAhitya kaviyaNa nItu maNDalI, diu mujha buddhi vizAla / jima vikrama rAjA taNau kahahu prabandha vizAla / 1 isake prArambha meM gaNeza vandanA isakI vizeSatA hai, yathA'gavarinandana gavari nandana gaNapatti, ekadaMta gajavadana puNivighana visana savidUri TAlai / " isakI antima paMktiyoM meM racanAkAla diyA gayA hai, yathAsaMvata panaraha sai trayAsIyai, e caritra nisuNI harasIyai, sAhasIka je hoi nisaMka, kAyara kaMpai je bali raMka 190 // paMcadaMDa nAma sucaritra, dekhI tehanuM ati vicitra / tiNi vinoda caupai rasAla, kodhI suNatAM suphala vizAla / 93 / ArAmazobhAcaupAI saM0 1583 (bIkAnera) kA Adi padya dekhiye - 'zrI jina zAsana jagi jayau, jiNi rAjA arihaMta, dayA dharma bhAva ubhalau, bhayabhaMjaNa bhagavaMta / bhAvataNi jima pAmiyau, paribhava uttima ThAya / suNi ArAmazobhA taNauM, prakaTa kiyo nijanAma | anta aura racanAkAla - 'a ArAma zobhA caupai bhAvatare Upari mai kahI, barasa tryAsiye mAgasira mAsi, nIkA nayarihi mana ulhAsi / 248 | 2 mRgAvatI caupAI saM0 1602 bIkAnera - yaha racanA mRgAvatI ke zIlamAhAtmya para prakAza DAlatI hai, yathA zIli manoratha manataNA, sIjhai suNi nisi dIsa, mRgAvatI zIla chalyau, mAlavapati avanIza / pradyota naridavara, satIsiromaNi jeNi / hAra viyo he jaikarI, kahate kAraNa keNi / isake Adi meM zAradA kI vandanA aura bAda meM guru paramparA dI gaI hai / antimachaMda 'jAM lagi meru mahI ravicandra, jAMlagi jaladhi puNya pahuvaMda, tAM avicala o carita sucaMga, suNatAM bhaNatAM hui bahuraMga / 98 / citrasenapadmAvatIrAsa kI racanA saM0 1604 jodhapura meM hui / isakA maGgalAcaraNa dekhiye 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0, pR0 148 - 149 2. zrI desAI ---- jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3, pR0 625 se 629 - 3. vahI - bhAga 3, pR 627 499

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500 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'saMti jiNavara saMti jiNavara, jiNavara sakala sukhakara, paMcama cakesara pavara saMtikaraNa, savi duriya dukhahara / ityAdi antima paMktiyoM meM racanAkAla isa prakAra diyA gayA hai 'saMti vimala zrI pAsai, kIdhauM caritra rasAlo re, sola naDottara zravaNa mAsahi, suNajyo puNya vishaalo|' ina uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa ho gayA hogA ki Apa marugurjara bhASA ke eka uttama kavi haiN| Apane aneka prasiddha mahApuruSoM ke caritra para AdhArita caupai, rAsa Adi sarasa racanAyeM kI haiN| ApakI bhASA zailI kAvya lekhana ke lie samartha aura sarasa hai| ___ ApakI katipaya laghu kRtiyAM jaise citrabhUtikulaka, ilAputrakulaka Adi kI hasta pratiyA~ saM0 1653-54 kI prApta haiM / samayollekha sahita inakI racanA naladamayantIrAsa saM0 1614 kI likhita prApta hai isalie ukta donoM racanAyeM bhI isI ke AsapAsa kI hoNgii| ataH vAcaka vinayasamudra kI racanA avadhi saM0 1614-15 taka svIkAra kI gaI hai / ' Apa 16 vIM evaM 17 zatAbdI kI saMdhi ke mahAkavi haiN| vizAlasundara ziSya -isa ajJAta kavi kI racanA 'sattarisayajinastava' ( 64 gAthA) jJAta hai| isa kRti ke lie kavi zrI vijayadAnasUri kI kRpA ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatA huA kahatA hai : 'zrI tapAgachai dIpai suvihata muni samavAya, samprati yati nAyaka zrI vinayadAna sUri rAya / tasa caraNi prasAdiI, sattari sayajina nAma, isa samaraNa karatAM sIdhAM sadhalAM kAma / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai : 'samarI sarasati bhagavati vANI, nija guru bhagati ciMti jaannii| eka sauttari zrI jina nAma, samari samari karatA sapraNAma / 'zrI vizAlasundara saguru sevaka kaha i avicala padabhaNI, mujha hUjyo bhavi bhavi kuzala kAraNI. sevo shriijinnvrtnnii|646 yaha jina bhakti sambandhI sAmAnya racanA hai| 1. DA. ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta, pR0 213-214 2. zrI mo0 da. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1501. anta

Page #518
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 501 bhaTTAraka vIracanda-bhaTTArakIya balAtkAragaNa zAkhA ke saMsthApaka bha0 devendra kIrti kI paramparA meM bha0 lakSmIcandra ke Apa ziSya the| inakA sambandha sUrata kI gAdI se thA kintu inhoMne gujarAta ke alAvA rAjasthAna meM bhI khUba vihAra kiyaa| Apa vyAkaraNa evaM nyAyazAstravettA, chanda, alaMkAra tathA saMgItazAstra ke jJAtA the| Apa uttama vaktA evaM uccakoTi ke tapasvI the / navasArI ke zAsaka arjuna jIvarAja Apake bhakta ziSya the| bha0 zubhacandra ne kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI saMskRta TIkA meM inake vidvattA, caritra evaM pratibhA kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai / Apa saMskRta, prAkRta evaM marugurjara ke pAraMgata vidvAn evaM sAhityakAra the| marugurjara meM ApakI ATha racanAyeM upalabdha haiM (1) vIravilAsaphAgu, (2) jaMbUsvAmIbeli, (3) jinaAMtarA, (4) sImaMdharasvAmI gIta, (5) saMbodhasattANu, (6) neminAtharAsa, (7) cittanirodhakathA aura (8) bAhubalibeli / inameM se inakI prathama racanA vIra. vilAsaphAgu' eka khaMDakAvya hai jisameM 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke jIvana kI eka mArmika ghaTanA kA kAvyAtmaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / isameM 137 padya haiM / isake prArambha meM neminAtha kI zobhA kA varNana dekhiye : 'keli kamala dala komala sAmala varaNa zarIra, tribhuvanapati tribhuvanatilo, guNanIlo guNagaMbhIra / ' lIlAlalita nemIzvara alavazvara udAra, prahasita paMkaja pAkhaMDI AkhaMDI-rUpi apAra / / isake bAda rAjula kI sundaratA kA eka udAharaNa lIjiye : 'kaThina supIna payodhara manohara atiutaMga, caMpakavarNI caMdrAnanI mAnanI sohi suraMga / haraNI harakhI nija nayaNIu vayaNIu sAha sUraMga, data supaMtI dIpaMtI sohatI sira veNI baMdha / rAjula ko jaba nemi ke vairAgya kI sUcanA milatI hai to usakA karuNa krandana bar3e mArmika DhaMga se kavi ne vyakta kiyA hai, yathA -- 'kanakami kaMkaNa mor3atI, tor3atI miNimihAra / lUcatI keza kalApa, vilApakari anivAra / nayaNi nIra kAjali gali, Talavali bhAmini bhUri, kimaMkarU kahire sAhelar3I vihi naDigayoDimajhanAha / 1. DA0 0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pR0 266.267

Page #519
502 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa varNana sarasa haiM, bhAva anUThe haiM, bhASA samartha hai ataH racanA uccakoTi kI hai / anta meM kavi apanA paricaya isa prakAra detA hai : 'zrI mUlasaMghi mahimAnilo, jatItilo zrI vidyAnaMda / sUri zrI mallibhUSaNa jayo, jayo sUrI lakSmIcaMda / jayo sUri zrI vIracanda guNiMda, racyo jiNi phAga / gA~tA sAbhalatA e manohara, sukhakara zrI vItarAga / '' kavi ne phAga meM racanAkAla nahIM diyA hai kintu DA0 kAsalIbAla kA mata hai ki yaha racanA saM0 1600 meM pUrva kI hI hai| ___ jaMbUsvAmI beli-jaMbUsvAmI ke jIvana para saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM aneka racanAyeM kI gaI jinake AdhAra para kaI kRtiyA~ marugurjara meM bhI likhI gii| prastuta beli kI bhASA Adarza marugurjara hai jisa para yatra-tatra DiMgala bhASA zailI kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| yaha racanA kAvya kI apekSA bhASA kI dRSTi se adhika paThanIya hai| isameM dUhA, troTaka evaM anya kaI chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne isake bhI anta meM mUlasaMgha kI guruparamparA kA ullekha kiyA hai| isakA racanAkAla ajJAta hai| bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM kucha paMktiyAM uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM : 'teha vAre udayo gati, lakSmIcandra jeNa ANa / zrI mallibhUSaNa mahimA ghaNo, name gyAsudIna sulatAna / teha gurucaraNa kamala namI ane velli racI che rasAla, zrIvIracandrasUrivara kahe, gAMtA puNya apaar|' jinaAMtarA meM usa antara kA varNana hai jo 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM eka ke bAda dUsare ke bIca hotA hai| saMbodhasattANubhAvanA eka upadezAtmaka kRti haiN| pUrI racanA dohoM meM haiN| dohe zikSAprada kintu sarala zailI meM haiN| eka dohA dekhiye nIcanI saMgati pariharo, dhAro uttama AcAra, dullabhi bhava mAnasa taNo, jIvatU Alima hAra / 50 / sImaMdhara svAmIgIta-isa laghu gIta meM sImandhara kA stavana hai / 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pR0 266-267 2. vahI pR0 110-12

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 503 cittanirodhaka kathA-15 padyoM kI choTI racanA hai, jisameM citta ko vaza meM rakhane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| 'bAhubali beli' meM bAhubali kA saMkSipta jIvana caritra vividha chandoM vizeSatayA troTaka evaM rAgasindhu meM varNita hai| nemikumAra rAsa-nemi kI vaivAhika ghaTanA para AdhArita kavi kI yaha dUsarI kRti hai jo saM0 1673 kI racanA hai| isa kRti meM racanA kAla diyA gayA hai, yathA : 'saMvata sola tAhottari zrAvaNa sudi guruvAra / dazamI ko dina rUyaDo, rAsa racyo manohAra / isa AdhAra para ye 17vIM zatI ke kavi ho sakate haiM kintu DaoN. kAsalIvAla ne inheM 16vIM zatI kA kavi kahA hai| yadyapi unhoMne apanI isa mAnyatA kA koI Thosa AdhAra nahIM batAyA hai ataH ye 16vIM aura 17vIM zatAbdI kI saMdhi belA ke kavi ho sakate haiN| apanI ina kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para ye marugurjara sAhitya ke zreSTha kavi siddha hote haiM kintu inakA racanAkAla anizcita hai| zAMtisUri-Apa sAMDeragacchIya AmadevasUri ke ziSya the / ApakI racanA 'sAgaradattarAsa' saM0 1517 se 1519 ke bIca kisI samaya likhI gaI hai| yaha prAkRta, apabhraMza aura marugurjara kI milI julI bhASA-zailI meM likhita 137 padyoM kI eka rasamaya kAvyakRti hai| isameM rAsau, kuNDaliyAM, dhattA, mAlinI, rUpaka, chappaya, paddhaDI Adi vividha chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / Apa saM0 1597 taka vidyamAna the| sAgaradatta rAsa kI kucha paMktiyA~ udAharaNArtha prastuta hai : 'vimalakara kamala-parimalamilaMta rolabaM maMgalArAva amiya kamaMDalu pANi, paNamAmi sarassayaM divi / siddhatyo siddhattho pasiddha pallI purAlaye vIro, siddhattharAya putto suddhatthaM dehu mahu bayaNaM / siri Amadeva sUrisara paya pauma juyalavaMde, lakSmI sarasaiu supasannA jassa sevA, chaMdatara kallolaM, vannajalaM saMtisUriNA mahiyaM, sAyaracariaM sAyara sarisaM nisAmeha / '' 1. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 518

Page #521
504 mata maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ApakI dUsarI racanA 'zatruJjayabhAsa' (gAthA 11) saM0 1135 ke AsapAsa kI racI hai| yaha jainayuga pu0 5 pR0 473 se 477 para prakAzita hai| isakA prathama evaM antima chanda Age uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai :prathama chanda 'kari kavi jaNaNi pasAu, hamaI sarasati rahai bhUvayaNalAM / gAyasa tIratharAu hamaI setruja bhavasAyara taNau / ' anta 'dUri thikiu nahIM dUrI, hamaI jai kima jai kima Ujama Upajai o, ima bola i zAMtisUri, hamaiM se truja seva'jahai ghari AMgaNai / ' isakI hastalikhita prati saM0 1535 kI prApta hai ataH yaha racanA bhii| 1515 yA 1520 ke AsapAsa kI ho sakatI hai| isalie donoM ke kartA eka hI zAMtisUri ho sakate haiM / 16vIM zatAbdI ke dUsare aura tIsare dazaka meM kisI anya zAMtisUri nAmaka marugurjara ke lekhaka kA abataka patA bhI nahIM calA hai ataH ina donoM ke racanAkAra eka hI zAntisUri hoNge| ina donoM racanAoM kI bhASA zailI avazya bhinna hai| prathama meM milI-julI bhASA zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jabaki isa laghu kRti meM zatrujaya tIrtha kA mAhAtmya sAmAnya marugurjara meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sAgaradatta rAsa kI bhASA kA mUlAdhara marugurjara hI hai| kAvyatva kI dRSTi se sAgaradatta rAsa eka sarasa kAvya kRti hai| zivasundara-Apane saM0 1595 meM 'lukaTamata nirloDhana rAsa' gAthA 38 likhI jo spaSTa hI khaMDana-maMDana kI dRSTi se likhI gaI hai ataH isase kAvya kalA yA sAhitya kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| ye racanAyeM bauddhika tarka para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa gadya ke lie anukala hotI haiM, zivasundara mUlataH gadyakAra haiN| Apa kharataragacchIya lekhaka the aura jinamANika sUri ke bhakta the| isakI bhASAzailI kA namUnA prastuta haiAdi zAsana nAyaka prabhu namU, trizalA rANI naMdanavIra ki rAsa karauM sohAmaNau, alavai pAmauM bhavajala tIraki / / ' anta meM racanAkAla bhI hai| 'saMvata panara satANavai, jayavaMtau jinamANika sUri ki, kharataragacchanau rAjiyau, zrI zivasundara ANaMdapUra ki / ' 1. zrI desAI -jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3, 50 493 2. vahI, pR0 618 aura bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1500

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 505 bhaTTAraka zubhacandra - Apa bha0 vijayakIrti ke ziSya the| inakA janma saM0 1530 aura 1 40 ke madhya huA hogA / ye saM0 1573 meM bha0 vijayakIrti ke paTTadhara bhaTTAraka bane aura balAtkAra gaNa kI iDara gaddI para saM0 1613 taka suzobhita rahe / isa avadhi meM inhoMne rAjasthAna, paMjAba, gujarAta aura uttara pradezameM jainadharma aura saMskRti kA khUba pracAra kiyA / inhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta aura marugurjara meM aneka grantha svayaM likhe aura apane ziSyoM dvArA pratilipiyA~ karAkara unheM bhANDAroM se surakSita rakhavAyA / Apa SaTbhASA kavi cakravartI kahe jAte the / Apake ziSyoM meM sakalabhUSaNa, tejapAla, kSemacaMdra, sumatikIrti Adi ullekhanIya haiM / DaoN0 kAsalIvAla ne inakI saMskRta meM likhI 24 kRtiyoM kI sUcanA dI hai jinameM candraprabhacaritra, pANDavapurANa, karakaNDucaritra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA, candanAcaritra, jIvandharacaritra, zreNika caritra ke alAvA kaI pUjA aura kathA Adi sammilita haiM / inakI hindI yA marugurjara kI nimnAMkita racanAyeM prApta haiM: - ( 1 ) mahAvIrachaMda (2) vijayakIrtichaMda, (3) guruchaMda, (4) neminAthachaMda, (5) tatvasAragRhA, (6) dAnachaMda, (7) aSTAhnikA gIta, (8) kSetrapAlagIta aura aneka sphuTa pada tathA gIta Adi / mahAvIra chaMda -- isameM mahAvIra svAmI kA stavana hai / isameM kula 27 padya hai / isakI bhASA saMskRta garbhita hai / isakA prathama chaMda dekhiye :'praNamIya vIra vivaha jaNa re jaNa, madamai mAna mahAbhaya bhaMjaNa, guNagaNa varNana karIya vakhANu, yato jaNa yogIya jovana jANa / he he deza videhaha, kuNDalapura vara puhavi sudehaha / siddhi vRddhi varddhaka siddhAraka, naravara pUjita narapati sAratha / " vijaya kIrtichaMda - aitihAsika kRti hai / isa rUpaka kAvya meM kavi ne apane guru kI prazaMsA 29 padyoM meM kI hai / isakI bhASA evaM varNana zailI sundara hai / isameM pratinAyaka kAmadeva, matsara, mada, mAyA Adi kI senA lekara vijayakIrti para AkramaNa karatA hai kintu unake zama, dama, niyama Adi sainikoM ne unheM khader3a diyA / kAmadeva parAjita huA / kavi likhatA hai : -- 'bhAgo re mayaNA jAI anaMga vegi re thAI / pisira manara mAMhi mu Mka re ThAma / rIti ra pAri tyAgi muni kahane vara mAMgI, dukhira kATi ra jAgI jaMpai nAma / 3. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla - rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pR0 93 - 105

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa zrI vijayakIrti yati abhinavo, gachapati pUraba prakaTa kImi muka nikro| bha0 vijayakIrti kA guNAnuvAda kavi ne eka anya laghu kRti 'guru chanda' meM bhI kiyA hai| isI chanda meM sarvaprathama unhoMne vijayakIrti ke pitA gaMgAsahAya evaM mAtA kuvari kA nAma prakaTa kiyA hai| isameM kula 11 chanda hai| neminAthachaMda -25 padyoM meM nibaddha isa chanda meM neminAtha ke pAvana evaM manohara jIvana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA saMskRta garbhita hai / neminAtha ke vivAha ke samaya vividha vAdyayantroM ke bajane se samUcA vAtAvaraNa kisa prakAra gUjita ho rahA thA, usakA varNana ina paMktiyoM meM dekhiye 'jhaNa jhaNaNa karatI TaNaNa dharatI saddha vollai jhallarI, ghuma ghumuka karatI kaNa haratI ehavajji sundarI / taNa taNaNa TaMkA nAda sundara tAMti mandara vaNiyA, dhama dhamahaM nAdi ghaNaNa karatI dhugdharI suhakArIyA / dAnachaMda--isameM kRpaNatA kI niMdA aura dAna kI prazasti kevala do chaMdoM meM kI gaI hai| tattvasAra dUhA-isameM jainasiddhAntAnusAra sAta tattvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa saiddhAntika racanA meM 91 dohe haiN| isakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva atyadhika hai| ise kavi ne dulhA nAmaka zrAvaka ke anurodha para likhA thA : 'roga rahita saMgati sukhIre, saMpadA pUraNa ThANa, dharma buddhi mana zuddhaDI, dUlhA anukrami jANa / mokSa kA varNana kavi ne ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai : 'karma kalaMka vikarano re, niHzeSa hoyinAza, mokSa tatva zrI jina kahI, jANavA bhAnu anyAsa / marugurjara kI ye racanAyeM bha0 zubhacandra kI saMskRta kRtiyoM ke samAna mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai kintu inase unakI kAvya pratibhA kA anumAna hotA hai, ye racanAyeM bhASA, kAvyatattva evaM varNana zailI kI dRSTi se uttama haiN| inake 1. DA0 ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla -rA0 ke jai0 saM0 pR0 102 2. vahI

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5.7 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya alAvA dAnachanda, aSTAhnikAgIta, kSetrapAlagIta evaM anya sphuTa gIta, pada Adi upalabdha haiM jinake AdhAra para inheM marugurjara kA uttama kavi nissaMdeha svIkAra kiyA jaayegaa| __ zubhazIlagaNi-Apa tapAgacchIya munisundara sUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1509 meM 'prasenajitarAsa' kI racanA kii| zrI desAI ne saM0 1501 meM likhita, 'sudarzanazreSThirAsa' kA bhI inheM lekhaka batAyA hai| kintu praznavAcaka cihna lagA diyA hai| bhAga 1 pR0 42-43 para to unhoMne isakA kartA saMghavimala ko batAyA thA kintu bhAga 3 meM sudhAra kara zubhazIla ko batAyA hai / ataH sudarzanazreSThirAsa kA vivaraNa bhI inhIM ke sAtha diyA jA rahA hai| 'prasenajitarAsa' kA kevala nAmollekha hI zrI desAI aura zrI nAhaTA ne kiyA hai, isakA vivaraNa, uddharaNa nahIM diyA hai| zrI nAhaTAne sudarzanazreSThi rAsa ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki isakI kaI pratiyoM meM candraprabhasUri pATha milatA hai aura unake nAmake sAtha sudarzanazreSThirAsa kA vivaraNa diyA jA cukA hai| kisI-kisI prati meM isakA lekhaka 'melAsaMghavI' kahA gayA hai / zrI desAI jI dasa pratiyoM kA milAna karane ke bAvajUda bhI kisI eka ko karttA nahIM nizcita kara pAye haiM kintu zrI nAhaTA jI ne candraprabhasUri ko kartA kahA hai ataH isa rAsa kA vivaraNa vahIM de diyA gyaa| yaha racanA 'saMvata panara ekAtarai' arthAt saM0 1501 kI hai aura lekhaka munisundara sUri kA ziSya hai kintu kauna lekhaka hai yaha nizcita nahIM hai| racanA nirvivAda hai, aura acchI racanA hai ataH lekhaka kA prazna vicAraNIya hai| zubhazIlagaNi 'prasenajitarAsa' ke nirvivAda lekhaka haiM para usa racanA kA vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| zubhavardhana ziSya -(sudharmaruci ?) Apane saM0 1563 meM zAntinAthastavana (31 kar3I) likhii| isameM racanAkAla batAyA gayA hai, yathA : 'panara tresaThai tUhija tavai, dasamI dina bhAdravAmAse, tavIthau svAmI harakhye pAmI, pUrai zrevakAro aase|' __ ApakI dUsarI racanA 'gajasUkUmAlarAsa' kA racanA-kAla saM0 1591 se pUrva zrI desAI ne nizcita kiyA hai| isa kavi kI tIsarI racanA 'ASAr3ha 1. zrI desAI-jaina gu0 ka0 ---bhAga 3, pR0 455-456 2. vahI bhAga 110 43 aura bhAga 1 pR0 43 tathA bhAga 3 pR0 566-567

Page #525
508 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'bhUtirAsa' ko 17vIM zatI meM parigaNita kiyA hai / sAtha hI jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 meM isa kavi ko nizcita rUpa se 16vIM zatAbdI kA batAyA hai / ho sakatA hai 16 vI zatAbdI zubhavarddhana ziSya jinhoMne zAntinAtha stavana aura 'gajasukumAlarAsa' likhA, ve sudharmaruci se bhinna hoM / ataH sudharma ruci aura unakI racanA ASAr3habhUti kA vivaraNa 17vIM zatAbdI meM hI denA ucita hogA / samaracandra ( samara siMha ) - Apa pArzvacandragaccha ke saMsthApaka AcArya pArzvacandra ke ziSya the / Apa siddhapura pATaNa ke nivAsI zrImAlavaMzIya zrI bhImAzAha kI patnI vAlAde kI kukSi se saM0 1560 meM paidA hue the 1 ApakI dIkSA saM0 1575 meM huI aura saM0 1599 meM upAdhyAya pada milA / Apa saM0 1600 meM AcArya pada para pratiSThita hue tathA saM0 1626 meM khaMbhAta meM ApakA svargavAsa huA / Apane guru pArzvacandra kI stuti meM 'pArzvacandrasUristuti saMjjhAya' likhA / Apane saM0 1607 meM 'mahAvIrastavana' khaMbhAta meM likhA / isake alAvA pratyAkhyAna catuHsaptatikA, paMcaviMzatikriyAsaMjjhAya, AvazyakaakSarapramANa saMjjhAya, zatruJjaya maMDanaAdinAtha stavana (saM0 1608), zAnti-jina stavana, caturviMzatijinanamaskAra, saM0 1588 Adi kaI sphuTa racanAyeM haiM / zatruJjayamaMDana AdinAtha sta0 meM kavi ne apanA nAma samarasiMgha likhA hai, yathA : 'zrI pAsacaMda sUriMda sIsai, samarasiMgha saMvacharai, mAgha mAsiI zukila aThami solasaiThautarai / " 'brahmacArI' nAmaka kRti meM brahmacarya kA guNa gAyA gayA hai / 94 kar3I kI isa racanA kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : goyama gaNahara pAya praNamI karI, brahmavrata ghuvasi uM haraSa hIidharI, sudhU pAlI bhavasAgara tarI, prINI pAmaMi pAmisi zivapurI / ' 'upadezasAraratnakoza - 11 bola saMjjhAya' kI antima paMktiyAM dekhiye 'jJeya vastu svarUpa jANI dharmmasyu mana rAkhiye, sUrIMda zrI pAsacaMda sIsii samarasiMgha ima bhASiye / ' 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pu 150 -151

Page #526
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 501 RSabhastava, kalyANakastava, zaMkhezvarastava, nemistava Adi kaI stava bhI Apane bhAvapUrNa aura ramaNIya zailI meM likhA hai / isameM se mahAvIra stava kI kucha paMktiyAM udAharaNArtha prastuta kI jA rahI haiM : 'zrI trisalAnaMdana guNabhayeu zrI varddhamAna jinarAya, ima vIra jiNavara teji diNayara bhaviya maNahara saMthuu / samaracaMdii mana ANaMdii cauda chaMdii sNjuu|'' isameM kavi apanA nAma samaracaMdra likhA hai, isase mAlUma hotA hai ki kavi samaracandra aura samarasiMgha donoM nAma likhatA thA aura ye donoM nAma eka hI vyakti ke haiN| ___ ApakI racanAyeM choTI-bar3I milAkara saMkhyA meM paryApta haiM aura unameM kahIM-kahIM uccakoTi kI bhAvavyanjanA bhI milatI hai| inakI maru-gurjara bhASA kAvyaracanA ke lie sakSama hai| samaracandra ziSya-Apane 'zreNikarAsa' likhaa| yaha ziSya pArzvacandra sari stuti' likhane vAle samaracandra kA na hokara kisI anya samaracandra nAmaka vidvAn kA ziSya thaa| ye samaracandra lukA RSi rUpajI kI paramparA meM ratnAgara ke ziSya the| isa 'zreNikarAsa' meM kavi ne spaSTa guru paramparA dI hai aura batAyA hai ki RSirupajI, jIvajI, kuMvarajI, malla, ratnAgara ke ziSya samaracandra kA kavi ziSya hai, yathA sAsani maMDana durita khaMDana samaracanda anngaar| te sadguru supasAili miiM racIu re khaMDa bIju sAraki / zreNikarAsa ke dUsare khaMDa kA prArambha ina dohoM se huA hai 'zrI jinanAyaka bhAvasu, vaMdu jaga AdhAra / vardhamAna svAmijayu sevaka janahitakAra / samaracaMda RSi niti namu, saMyama sukhadAtAra / tAsa prasAdi varNavU sarasa kathA suvicAra / isa prakAra zreNikarAsa kA lekhaka loMkAgacchIya RSi samaracandra kA ziSya hai| / 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3, pR0 597 2. vahI pR0 601

Page #527
maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sarvAGgasundara - bar3atapagacchIya jayazekharasUri kI paramparA meM jayasundara upAdhyAya ke Apa ziSya the / Apane saM0 1548 ( mAgasira zudI 10, mAnuSyapurI) meM 'sArasikhAmaNarAsa' likhA / isa rAsa meM rAtri bhojana niSedha, jIvahiMsA tyAga, abhakSya tyAga ityAdi hitaprada bAtoM kI zikSA dI gaI hai / isakI bhASA marugurjara hai kintu hindI kA anupAta adhika hai / isameM prAyaH DhAI sau padya haiM / isa kRti kA racanAkAla kavi ne ina paMktiyoM meM batAyA hai :-- 510 'panarasai aDatAlai saMvatsari, mAgasira sudi dasamI guru mAnuSyapurI, nita niya maMgala jaya karuo / ' isake anta meM likhA hai : 'a hita ziSyA nitu haii dharasyai, dukhasAgara te nizcai tarasyaI, zivasukha avicala pAmasyai / ' isameM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha karate hue baDatapagacchIya jayazekharasUri, jina sundarasUri, jinaratnasUri aura jayasundara upAdhyAya kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai / kavi kI bhASA sarala aura racanA upadeza-paraka hai / kavi ne apanA nAma sarvAMgasundara ke sthAna para saMvegasundarauvajhAya likhA hai, yathA 'tAsa sIsa guru lahIya pasAya, zrI saMvegasundarauvajhAya, raciu rAsa o ruaDo o / " ataH 'sArasikhAmaNarAsa' ke lekhaka sarvAMgasundara yA saMvegasundara eka hI vyakti haiM / sahajasundara - Apa upakezagaccha ke upAdhyAya ratnasamudra ke ziSya the / Apa isa zatAbdI ke uttama kaviyoM meM gine jAte haiM / Apane saM0 1570 se lekara saM0 1595 taka racanAyeM kIM / isa avadhi meM Apane bIsoM sundara racanAyeM marugurjara meM kIM, jinameM se kucha pramukha racanAoM kA nAma diyA jA rahA hai - ( 1 ) ilAtIputrasajjhAya, padya 31 saM0 1570, (2) guNaratnAkara chaMda saM0 1572, (3) RSidattArAsa, (4) ratnasArakumAracaupai, saM0 1582, (5) AtmarAgarAsa saM0 1582, (6) paradezI rAjArAsa, padya 219 (7) zukarAjasAhelIcaritra, padya 167, (8) jaMbU antaraMgarAsa padya 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3 pR0 67 2. vahI

Page #528
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 511 63, (9) yauvanajarAsaMvAda rAsa, padya 25 (10) tetalImaMtrIrAsa saM0 1595 (11) prasannacandra rAsa, (12) garbhabeli, gAthA 44, (13) A~khakAna saMvAda, (14) sarasvatI chanda, (15) zAlibhadra sajjhAya ityAdi / ' racanAoM meM racanA-sthAna nahIM diyA hai kintu bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai| zrI nAhaTA jI kA kathana hai ki cUMki lekhaka kA sambandha upakezagaccha se hai jisakA prabhAva-kSetra rAjasthAna hai ataH yaha rAjasthAnI kavi hai| vastutaH sabhI Agraha chor3akara inheM bhI anyoM kI taraha marugurjara kA mahAkavi mAnanA hI ucita hai| inakI tamAma racanAoM meM guNaratnAkara chaMda sarvAdhika kavitvapUrNa aura loka prasiddha hai| guNaratnAkara kI racanA saM0 1572 meM huii| isameM cAra adhikAra haiN| isameM sthUlibhadra kA caritra nAnA prakAra ke chaMdoM meM uttama DhaMga se varNita hai / sthUlibhadra kI jIvanI ke sarasa rasika bhAga se isa racanA kA sambandha hone ke kAraNa yaha sarasa kAvyakRti ho gaI hai| isakA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai : 'zazikara nikara samujvala marAla mAruhya sarasvatI devI, vicarati kavi jana hRdaye sadaye saMsAra bhyhaarinnii| hasta kamaMDala pustaka vINA, suhajhANa nANa guNachINA, appai lIla vilAsaM sA devI sarasai jayau / " ANI navanava baMdha navanava chaMdeNa navanavA bhogA, guNa ratnAkara chaMda, vannisu thulibhaddassa / ' isameM pATaliputra ke maMtrI zakaTAra ke putra sthUlibhadra aura kozA vezyA kI paricita kathA ke mAdhyama se sthUlibhadra kA ucca saMyama evaM zreSTha caritrabala varNita hai| isakA racanAkAla isa prakAra kahA gayA hai : 'saMvata pannara bihuttara varase, ama i chaMda racio mana harase, giruo gaNahara navanava chaMdai, sahijasundara bolai ANaMdai / ' ilAtIputra sajjhAya- isakA racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : 'saMvata panara kahiu~ 70 jeTha vadi navamI dinii, sukha pAmisyai je bhAva maNisyai kAja sarasyai aka manai / ' RSidattA rAsa kA maMgalAcaraNa dekhiye :'paNamavi sarasati jagi jaivaMtA, haMsagamanili cAlai malayaMtA, madi mAtA mayagalajisIya / 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAtaTA-'paramparA' pR0 64 2. zrI mo0 da. desAI-jai0 gu0ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 121

Page #529
512 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pustaka vINA hAthikamaMDala, jhabajhaba tejakarI ravimaMDala, kuMDala kAni ulassIya / kai kavita karU manabhAvi, sAsaNa deva taNai paramAvi, siddhasUri gurupaya namIya, sIla siromaNi guNasaMyuktA, nami anopama zrI raSidattA, jaladhi sutA jagite samIya / isakA racanAkAla kavi ne 'saMvata panaraI vihuttarai' batAyA hai| ratnasArakumAracaupai meM ratnasAra aura ratnamaMjarI kI kathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / yaha racanA saM0 1582 meM kI gaI, yathA 'saMvata pannara vyAsI saMvachario racIu maI raasre|' AtmarAjarAsa (saM0 1582) kI prArambhika paMktiyAM dekhiye : 'siri sarasatI sarasati, Apu vacana vilAsa / zrI AtamarAja paNisu caritra ulhAsa / ' paradezIrAjArAsa meM kavi ne guru paramparA kA ullekha karake batAyA hai ki ve siddhasUri. dhanasUri, ratanasamudra upAdhyAya ke ziSya the / isameM paradezI rAjA ke vRttAnta ke mAdhyama se kavi ne dharma kA mAhAtmya samajhAyA hai| zukarAjasAhelIkathA rAsa-isameM kathA ke mAdhyama se puNya kA prabhAva batAyA gayA hai, yathA-- puNye rAjaharaMgaghaNa, puNye Tale viyoga, puNye rogana Upaje, puNye sulalita bhoga / isameM kavi sarasvatI se yAcanA karatA hai : 'haraSa ghaNo, guNa bolatAM, suNatAM siddhi buddhi hoya, suDA ne sAhelIyAM taNI, kathA suNo sahukoya / ' tetalImaMtrIrAsa (saM0 1595) kavi ke racanAkAla ke antima dinoM kI racanA hai| ise pahale kisI kaviyaNa kI racanA samajhA jAtA thA kintu isake anta meM kavi ne apanA nAma aura racanAkAla diyA hai, yathA 'saMvata panara paMcANui, Aso mAsi dharI maNa hIi, zudi AThami ni maMgalavAra, gaNa bolA raSinA avdhaar| 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3, pR0 558-559 2. vahI, bhAga 1 pR0 127

Page #530
pai maru gurjara jaina sAhitya 513 sAcI zAsana devi prasanna, sahijasundara beli suvacanna, pAmI sadguru taNI AsIsa, ruSirAja namUM nasadIsa / ' iriyAvahIrAsa (75 kar3I) isameM kavi gautama gaNadhara kI vaMdanA karake navatattva, bAraha vrata, batrIsa anaMtakAya Adi kI carcA karatA hai| isakA prathama chaMda dekhiye : 'vara rAjagRhI jANIi, samosaryA tihiM vIra, pahilaM gaNadhara guNanilau, gAjai guhira gaMbhIra / ' 'je paDikamasai irIyAvahI, zivaramaNI te varasai sahI, puhavi paragaTa te gahagahai, sahajisundara pAThaka ima khii| laghuaMtaraMgarAsa kA racanAkAla, sthAna tathA anya vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai| isI prakAra anya kaI choTI kRtiyAM haiM jaise jaitaveli 34 gAthA, sarasvatIchaMda, sAlibhadrasaMjjhAya, AdinAthazajayastava, AMkhakAna-saMvAda aura yauvn-jraasNvaad| pichalI donoM racanAyeM saMvAda zailI meM hone ke kAraNa pAThakoM ko vizeSa rUpa se AkRSTa karatI haiM ataH unakA namUnA nIce diyA jA rahA hai / yauvana-jarAsaMvAda kA Adi padya dekhiye : amara kumara bhuja sabala vimala kula kitti vilakSaNa, dhIra vIra gaMbhIra sadhara guNavaMta vicakSaNa / zrI sArada mukha kamali ramali jimakarai suhaMsI, dAnavaMta guNavaMta dharma dhanavaMta suvaMzI / ullasita hasita lIlA lalita, kalA lalita yauvana sahita, zrI bhojarAja bhogika bhamara karai rajjadUSaNa rahita / ' isakI bhASA meM sAnuprAsikatA, pravAha, layamayatA tathA geyatA draSTavya hai / bhASA saMskRta garbhita tatsama pradhAna marugurjara hai| isI prakAra AMkha-kAnasaMvAda kA antima chaMda dekhiye : 'jina jeivA ati AMkhi harakhaI rUpa nirakhaiM valI valI, saMgIta gIta rasAla navanava suNaiM kAna valI vlii| visarI bAta vivAdanI pari bhAva bhagati karaI ghaNI, karakamala joDI sahaja sundara bhaNaI vANi sohAmaNI / '' 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, 50 562 2. vahI, bhAga , khaMDa 2 pR0 1992-1493 3. vahIM, bhAga 1, pR0 129 4. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 562.

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maru gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kavi kahatA hai ki jaba taka tarka buddhi hai tabhI taka vivAda hai kintu jaba bhAvanA- pravaNa hokara AMkha jinezvara kA sundara rUpa nihArane lagI aura kAna unakI madhura vANI se kRtakRtya hone lage to sArA vivAda samApta ho gayA / inhoMne do-tIna saMjjhAya bhI likhe haiM / unakA pratinidhitva karane ke lie zAlibhadrasaMjjhAya kI kucha paMktiyAM kI jA rahI haiM uddhRta 'prathama govAla taNe bhavejI, dIdhU munivara dAna, nagarI rAjagRhI avatariu jI, rupe a mayaNa samAna, dhana dhano sugati gaujI, sAlabhadra anutara vimAna, sahejasundara ima vInavejI, sAcI pravacana vANi / " : 514 ina racanAoM ke AdhAra para sahajasundara eka samartha mahAkavi siddha hote haiM jinakI bhASA sAmarthya apane samakAlIna anya kaviyoM kI tulanA meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / inhoMne prAyaH sabhI rasoM aura nAnA chaMdoM, dezI aura kA prayoga karake apanI vividha racanAoM meM jaina samAja meM pracalita kathAoM ke mAdhyama se saMyama evaM saccaritratA kA sandeza diyA hai / Apa kore upadezaka nahIM balki eka sahRdaya evaM uccakoTi ke sAhityakAra the / ataH Apake sandeza vizeSa prabhAvazAlI bana pAye haiM / sarva sundarasUri - Apa maladhArIgaccha ke guNasundarasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1510 meM 'haMsarAjavatsarAjacaritra' devapATaNa meM nirmita kiyA / isameM pA~ca prakaraNa haiM / Apa padya ke sAtha uttama gadya ke bhI samartha racanAkAra the / Apane megharAja kRta 'vItarAgastotra' para avacari likhI hai / " isakI bhASA kA nizcaya na hone se uddharaNa vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA / sobhAgI sAravijaya - Apane navapallavapArzvanAthagIta ( gA0 8 ) likhA hai jisakA prathama chanda nimnAMkita hai : 'majhamati ulaTa upannau, pUjivA jiNavara pAya, maNuya janama phala leisiuM, karasiuM niramalakAya / isakI AThavIM gAthA isa prakAra hai : sAravijaya guru upadesaI zrI saMgha pUjai pAsa, pAsa pasAi saMghanaI, dinidini adhika pratApa / ' : 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 kavi, bhA0 1, pR0 563 2. zrI desAI - jaina sAhitya no itihAsa pR0 514 3. zrI desAI - je0 gu0 kavi, bhAga 3, pR0 493-494 o

Page #532
515 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya sAdhukoti-ApakI racanA 'zrIkItiratnasUrigItam' 'aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai| isakA antima chanda udAharaNArtha prastuta 'suhaguru thavaNA paDhai guNai, vAMcatA ApaNa vayaNa suNai, kuzala maMgala tasu puNya thuNai, zrI sAdhukIrati pAThaka pabhaNai / '1 sAdhumeru-Apa AgamagacchIya hemaratnasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1501 (ASAr3hI varSa poSa vadI 11) meM dhudhaMkA meM jIvadayA para AdhArita apanA prasiddha 'puNyasArarAsa' likhaa| isameM jIvadayA ko saba puNyoM kA sAra batAyA gayA hai| racanAkAla kA ullekha kavi ne isa prakAra kiyA hai 'ASADhAdi panara akotarai posavadi igyArisi aMtarai, dhaMdhUkapuri kRpArasa satra somavAri samarpiu critr|" 'ekotarai' kA artha 1501 hI hai na ki 1571 jaisA zrI desAI ne kiyA thaa| kavi ne apane nAma ko paMDita, mizra, gaNi Adi upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta kiyA hai, yathA 'suguru pasAi nayara goAlera, dharaNI puNyasAra riddhiikubera, tAsu guNa ima varNavai ajasra, sAdhumeru gaNi paMDita mishr| isameM jIvadayA dvArA hI sarvasiddhi kI prApti saMbhava batAI gaI hai, antima chaMda dekhiye 'jIvadayAnI hiyau dharau buddhi, jIvadayA pAlau manazuddhi jIvadayA lagai nirantara vRddhi, jIvadayA pAlii hui srvsiddhi|' sAdhuratnasUri-Apa puNyaratnasUri ke ziSya the| Apane 'kayavannArAsa' kI racanA caupAI chaMda meM kI hai / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai 'paNamiya vIra jinesara deva, sarasati sAmiNi samarI heva, karajoDinaiM kahuM visAla, kayavannAnau rAsa rasAla / dAna bahu suNayo saMsAri, dAnaiM durgati dUraiM vacAri, dAnai sukha sampatti saMyoga, dAnaI manavaMchita lahIiM bhoga / ' 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha-'zrIkItiratnasUrigItam' 2. zrI desAI-je0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR. 132 3. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 453 4. vahI, bhAga 1, pR. 138

Page #533
516 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isameM kayavannAcaritra ke mAdhyama se dAna kA mAhAtmya samajhAyA gayA hai / isakI antima paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM : 'sAdhu ratana sUri ima bhaNai, kayavannAnu caritra je sUNaI, bhaNai bhaNAvara je bali gaNaiM, caudarayaNa navanidhi AgaMNai / ' sAliga - Apane jIvadayA ke Upara 'balabhadrabeli' (28 gAthA) likhI hai / isa beli meM jIvadayA aura samyaktva para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isakI prArambhika paktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : --- 'dvArikA nayarI nIkalyA, be vaMdhava ika ThAya, triSA UpanI kRSNanai, baMdhava pANI pAya / baMdhava jAi lAvyunIra, UvIsama sAhasa dhIra, pauDhayau chai vRkhatalI chAyA, kumalAMNI komalakAyA / ' kRSNa aura balabhadra dvArakA bhasma hone para vahAM se calakara vana meM pahu~ce, kRSNa ko pyAsa lagI, vahI se veli prArambha huI hai / isakA anta ina paMktiyoM se huA hai 'ima jIva dayA pratipAlau, sAcau samakita rayaNa ujAlau, samakita viNa kAja na sIjhai, sAliga kahai sudhara kIjai / " kRSNa ke jIvana ke karuNa prasaMga para AdhArita yaha racanA bhAvanA yukta hai aura bhASA bhI bhAvAbhivyakti ke lie upayukta evaM sakSama hai / siddhara (zrIdhara ) - ( moDha aDAlaja vaNika maMtri sahasA suta ) Apane saM0 1555 meM jUnAgar3ha meM 'rAvaNa maMdodarIsaMvAda' kI racanA kI / isa kavi ko bhI desAI ne jainetara batAyA hai kyoMki prArambha meM kavi ne jina bhagavAna kA smaraNa nahIM kiyA hai, yathA 'gAusa gora suguru raghupati ramA, vArasa dhUya anai brahmANa, tAiM ziromaNi savi sakati, siddhara deu vAghagANi / isakA racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai 'saMvata para prapA zudhi ? ( pAsaThai) jIrNa durga niravAsa, pUraNa gyAraha copai, be saI buddhi prakAza / prakAzaiM pAtika haNaiM, gAIM je naranAri, rAmakathA zravaNe suiM avatarinahi AvAra / "" 1. nAhaTA - jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pR0 134, 135 2. desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3, khaMDa 2 pR0 2118-2120

Page #534
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 517 apanA paricaya detA huA kavi likhatA hai 'maMtrIsara sahasA sUtana, kavitA siddhara nAma, utapati moTa aDAlijA, soitUThA zrIrAma / ' saMvAda zailI kI isa racanA meM rAvaNa-maMdodarI ke saMvAda dvArA pavitra rAmakathA kahI gaI hai| maru-gurjara meM eka zreSThi dvArA likhita yaha rAmakathA anya racanAoM se bhinna koTi kI hai kyoMki yaha jaina dRSTikoNa ke bajAya vaiSNava dRSTi se likhI gaI hai, do paMktiyA~ saMdarbha meM uddhRta haiM siMghAsaNa vaiThA zrIrAma, sakala lokanA sAraI kAma, so upagAra amIrasa thayA, tima siddharanai dIdhI mayA / ' siMhakuzala-Apa tapAgacchIya hemavimalasUri, jJAnazIla ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1560 caitra zu0 13 guru ko 'nandabatrIsIcaupaI' likhii| yaha racanA prakAzita hai| inakI dUsarI kRti 'svapnavicAracaupai' 42 kar3I saM0 1560 meM hI likhI gii| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inakA nAma siMhakuzala, siMhakula aura saMghakula' bhI batAyA hai| nandabatrIsIcaupai kA prathama chanda isa prakAra hai 'Agama veda purANaM, jANatA ne narA hIyaM maga, jaM jaM kavita kaviaNa taM sArada tuha pasAu thAu / pahilu praNamu sarasvatI bhagavatI lIla vilAsa, zrI jinavara zaMkara nama mAMgU buddhi prakAza / ' racanA kAla-'saMvata panara sATha majhAri, caitra zudi terasa guruvAra, je nara vidura vizeSai suNai, siMhakuzala iNi pari ima bhnni|' isa paMkti meM lekhaka ne apanA nAma siMghakuzala likhA hai| pahale naMdabatrIsI hemavimalasUri kI racanA samajhI jAtI thI kintu vaha unake ziSya jJAnazIla ke ziSya siMhakuzala kI racanA pramANita huI hai| zrI zAmalabhaTTa ne isa para vArtA likhI hai aura nandabatrIsI para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| svapnavicAracaupai ke prArambha meM sarasvatI kI vaMdanA karatA huA kavi kahatA hai pahilu mani joi karI, gurumana garuu sAra, sarasati mAi pasAuli, bolasuM supana vicAra / 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka.-bhAga 3, pR0 529 aura bhAga 1, pR0 103 ...

Page #535
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa prathama pahari rayaNI jANije, suhau paNi hoi, tasa taNau phala zubha azubha, varasa chehi tu joi / ' isakI antima paMktiyAM dekhiye 518 'nAnazIla paMDita jayavaMta, te sahiguru praNamI akaMti, saMvata para sAThA mAMhi, suhaNa phala suNajyo caupai / bhaeis guNasiha je naranAri tasa ghari maMgala navaracyAri / suna vicAra valI sulahi, munivara siMghakula iNipari kahI / " sihakula- aisA pratIta hotA hai ki siMhakuzala aura siMhakula do bhinna kavi the / Apa biMvadaNikagacchIya devaguptasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1550 meM 'munipaticaritra' kI racanA kI / isa racanA meM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA isa prakAra likhI hai 'biMbadaNIkagacha sohi gaNadhAra, zrI devagupta sUri jayakAra, tAsa ziSya siMghakula ima bhaNI, sAMbhalatA navanIdhya aMgaNai / ' isakI bhinna-bhinna pratiyoM meM pAThAntara milatA hai aura kisI prati meM racanAkAla saM0 1550 aura kisI meM saM0 1485 bhI milatA hai, yathA eka prati meM yaha pATha hai ----- 'saMvata panara pacAso jANi vadi vaizAkha mAsa mani ANi ' aura dUsarI meM 'saMvata cauda paccAsIi jANI, vaizAkhavadi mAsa mani ANi 14 pATha hai / prAcIna prati meM racanAkAla saM0 1550 diyA gayA hai ataH vahI ThIka mAlUma par3atA hai / isase prakaTa hotA hai ki 'munipatirAjarSicaritra' ke lekhaka siMhakula 'nandabatrIsI' ke lekhaka siMhakuzala se bhinna haiM / ataH yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki siMhakuzala kA nAma siMhakula yA saMghakula nahIM thA / siMhakula yA saMghakula 'munipatirAjarSicaritra' ke lekhaka haiM aura siMhakuzala se bhinna vyakti haiN| 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 1, pR0 103 aura bhAga 3 pR0 529 vahIM, 2. 3. vahI, bhAga 3 pR0 519 vahI, bhAga 1 pR0 90 13 " 1:3 "

Page #536
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 519 siMhadattasUri-Apa AgamagacchIya vidvAn the| Apane saM0 1582 se pUrva 'zAlibhadrarAsa' kI racanA kii| Apake ziSya somadevasUri ne 'samyakatva kaumudI' likhii| isa racanA kI hastalikhita prati jinasAgara zAkhA bhaNDAra, bIkAnera meM surakSita hai| __ sohA-inakI prathama racanA jaMbUsvAmIbeli ( 18 kar3I) saM0 1535 vaizAkha zu0 6 ko likhI gii| dasarI upalabdha racanA hai 'rahanemiveli' (16 kar3I) jo saM0 1535 meM likhI gii| ye donoM racanAyeM jainayuga ke pu0 5 pR0 473 se 477 taka chapI haiN| inakI prathama racanA kA prathama chanda isa prakAra hai 'samudra zrI priyapati bhaNaiM, haMu jala tuM ratusArali, baga kari sugaja kaMgu vaNa, phaliyA mana unamUli / gaDamaNDakai sagadha bahu cUkisi, kAma bhoga sukha mUli nAha na bhUlIyai / ' isameM racanA yA racanAkAra kA vivaraNa nahI hai| antima paMkti dekhiye 'navANavai koDi kanaka tajI, jaMbukumaru ATha nAri, . vIra jiNaMda mudrA lai, viratau iNi saMsAri / anudina catuvidhi sayala saMgha muni, aNudiNu sIhA svaamii|' inakI dUsarI racanA nemi-rAjula kI sarasa kathA para AdhArita hai| isakA prathama aura antima chanda diyA jA rahA hai| prathama :-priya vandaNa parabati caDI, varisai gahira gambhIra, bhInau kaMbala kaMcau, mukha gomaTu sarIra / dekhI gaja gAminI gayavara gahigahiu, jima kamaliNi madhukAravelI praalii|'3 anta- 'saMdhadAsa sIhubhaNai, bhavibhavi nami pAyacala, rahanemi rAjali carita suNi, pApa paNAsai dUri, prasanna caturvidha saMdhasayala muni anudina sIhA yA sAmi / 16 / ' inakI bhASA para prAcIna kAvya bhASA-zailI kA prabhAva hai| 1. zrI mo0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, khaMDa 2 pR0 1494 2. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 491-412 3. vahI

Page #537
520 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sundararAja'- Apane saM0 1553 meM 'gajasiMhakumAracaupaI' likhii| isa racanA aura isake racanAkAra ke sambandha meM vizeSa vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| munisundarasUri-ye tapAgacchIya sAdhu the| inhoMne saM0 1501 meM 'sudarzanazreSThirAsa' kI racanA kii| DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ke anusAra munisundarasUri kI isa racanA ke alAvA 18 racanAyeM prApta ho cukI haiM jinameM rohiNIyaprabandharAsa, jaMbUsvAsIcaupai, vrajasvAmIcaupai, abhayakumArazreNikarAsa Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| zrI agaracanda. nAhaTA sudarzanazreSThirAsa kA kartA munisundarasUri ke sthAna para candaprabhasUri ko batAte haiN| zrI mo0 da0 desAI isakA lekhaka munisundarasUri ke ziSya saMdhavimala yA zubhazIla ko mAnate haiN| sudarzanazreSThirAsa kA vivaraNa pahale diyA jA cukA hai| zrI desAI munisUndarasUri ko 'zAMtarAsa' kA lekhaka batAte haiM kintu isake racanAkAla ke sambandha me nizcita nahIM haiM / ve ise saM0 1455 kI racanA batAte haiN| isa prakAra unake vicAra se munisundarasUri 15vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiM jabaki DaoN0 kAsalIvAla inheM 16vIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka kA kavi svIkAra karate haiN| DaoN0 kAsalI. vAla aura zrI desAI ne inakI jina racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unakA vivaraNa uddharaNa nahI diyA hai| ataH isa sambandha meM zodha kI apekSA hai| munisundarasuri Adi ziSya - 'nemicarita-nemi stava0' nAmaka racanA kA kartA munisundarasUri kA Adi ziSya kauna hai saMdhavimala, zubhazIla yA candraprabha-yaha kucha patA nahI cala pAyA hai| isa racanA ke racanAkAla kA bhI patA nahIM hai| yaha saba zodha kA viSaya hai| isakA prathama chaMda nimnAMkita hai : 'jaya jaya nemi jiNaMda, samudra vijaya rAya kulatilo o, tihuaNa nayanANaMda, mukha jima pUnima-candalo , goyama guru paNamevi, sarasati sAmiNi manadhari o, pabhaNasu hU~ saMkhevi, nemitaNA nava bhava criiiN| 1. desAI-jai0 ga* ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 95 2. ka0 ca0 kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina santa-gR0 211-212 - 3. desAI-jai* gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 422 4. vahI, khaMDa 2 pR0 1460

Page #538
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 521 isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : 'abhinava guru goyama ahabaka sohama siri somasundara jagupavara / guru siri munisundarasUri puraMdara zrI jayacandra munindra guru / siri jinakIrati cyArii gaNadhara tAsa sIsa ima bhaNai a, jo bhavIa bhaNosai bhAva suNesai cintAmaNiM karitAha taNai o / 3411 sUrahaMsa-Apa tapAgacchIya hemavimalasUri-dhanadeva ke ziSya the / 'matsyodaranarendracaupai' saM0 1574 kA kartA Apako batAyA gayA hai| isake racayitA kA prazna bhI vivAdAspada hai| zrI desAI ne sUrahaMsa ke ziSya lAvaNyaratna kI racanAoM ke sAtha bhI isa rAsa ko ginAyA haiM aura vahI racanAkAla bhI batAyA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai ki isake lekhaka lAvaNyaratnAhI hoM / isakI kucha paMktiyA~ dekhiye: 'zrI tapAratnazekhara sUri, jiNi paDivodhyA sAvaka sahasa, saMvata panara cihuttari varisa, devagiri nagara kIdhaurAsa / '3 isase patA calatA hai yaha devagiri meM likhA gyaa| lekina racayitA kA nAma spaSTa nahI hai| . sevaka-Apa tapAgacchIya lakSmIsAgarasUri ke bhakta the| Apane saM0 1525 ke lagabhaga 'zAlibhadraphAgu' gAthA 72 likhaa| isakI bhASA ke namUne ke lie isake prathama do chaMda dekhiye : 'goyama gaNanidhi gaNa nilu, lavadhi taNubhaNDAra, nAmi navanidhi pAmIi, vaMchita phala daataar| sarasati sAmini pAe namU, mAMgU avirala vANi, sAlibhadra guNa varNavu le caDayo supramANa / isa racanA ke anta meM kavi ne kucha pratiSThA Adi kA samaya batAyA hai yathA: 'sAlibhadra vIjau suNu, sudra satana gadarAja, gUjaranyAti kulatilu kIdhAM uttamakAja / 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3, khaMDa 2 10 1490 2. vahI, bhAga 1, pR0 132 / / 3. vahI

Page #539
522 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa saMvata panara vIsami nayara sovijA madhya, devabhavana pada visaNAM vimba pratiSThA kIdha / saMvata panara paMcavIsamI bhImasAha prAsAdi, arbudagiri zrI Adi jina thApyA zrI gadarAja / inhI pratiSThAoM ke AsapAsa yaha racanA bhI huI hogii| kavine racanA meM apane guru ta0 lakSmIsAgarasUri ko bhI bhaktipUrvaka praNAma kiyA hai| yathAantima chaMda - "ekamanA~ je sAMbhali, sAlibhadranurAsa, kara joDI sevaka bhaNi, karasilIla vilAsa / ' sevaka-Apa aMcala vidhigacchIya guNanidhAnasUri ke ziSya the| AdinAthadevarAsadhavala saM0 1590, RSabhadeva vivAhaludhavalabaMdha 44 DhAla saM0 1590, sImaMdharasvAmIzobhAtaraMga' aura 'ArdrakumAravivAhalu' gA0 46 tathA 'neminAthacaMdrAulA' ApakI upalabdha racanAyeM haiN'| Apa pUrvavartI sevaka kavi se bhinna, eka svatantra evaM sabala kavi pratIta hote haiN| Age inakI bhASA zailI kA namUnA tathA racanAoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai| ___ 'AdinAthadevarAsa' meM cakrezvarI kI prArthanA karatA huA kavi likhatA hai : 'praNamisuM pahilU cakrezvarImAta, jina zAsana svAminI a, thApatI vidhapakhi atihi udAra, sAra karai sevakataNI / dhyAyasaM jinacubIsa je sAra, Adi AdIzvara gAisaM o, mAya marudevIa taNa malhAra, nAbhirAyA kula maMDaNU / ' isa rAsa meM bhAvasAgarasUri, guNanidhAnasUri kA sAdara ullekha kiyA gayA hai| racanAkAla kA nirdeza ina paMktiyoM meM hai : 'saMvata panara niUi o kAtI mAsi, AjuAlI gAyu zrI jinajagadAdhAra / ' / 'RSabhadevadhavala' meM RSabhadeva ke caritra kA gaNAnuvAda vivAhalo yA dhavala nAmaka kAvya vidhA meM kiyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA meM geyatA dvaSTavya hai yathA : ima zrI nAbhinandana durita khaMDaNa jagatramaMDaNa jinavaro, ima guru taNai supasAu ghAmI gAiyA jagahitakaro, 1. zrI a0 ca. nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 121-122 2. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 581

Page #540
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 523 aha dhavala gAi jina arAhai jeha naranArI sadA, te mugati jAi sukhIya thAI bolai sevaka ima sdaa|' sImaMdharasvAmIzobhAtaraMga meM unakI zobhA kA varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai 'sukhakaMdA kanaka ketakI kAMti kadalI komalA, manuSo avatAra mAnU pavitra kAraNi bhUtalA, aSTakarma nirmukti siddhA AiriyA jagi sohIi, ATha gaNi saMvadA juttA AcAra zrutatanu mohIi / ' 'neminAthacandrAulA'-26 kar3I kI isa laghukRti meM neminAtha kA sarasa evaM pavitra caritra citrita hai yathA 'doi karajaDI vInavU re svAmI zrI jinarAyo, nemikumara guNa gAivA re, hIyai harSa na maayo| hIyaDi harSa na mAi re sAMmI nemi jiNeSa ziva gai-gAMmI, bhAgya jogi tumha sevA pAmI, tu praNam huM nija sirnaamii| isakI antima cAra paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'saMyama pAlI rAyamai re zivapura AgalidhAyo, bahU jaNa tArI jiNavaru re pUThiI zivapuri jAyo, pUThiijinanI sAra kareyo, sevaka-jananaI sAthii leyo, kahai sevaka svAmI avadhAru dayAkarI sevaka nii taaro|' isa kavi ke bhAvoM meM gaharAI, tallInatA aura ramaNIyatA tathA bhASA lAlitya ke kAraNa yatra-tatra uccakoTi kI kavitA ke darzana hote haiN| kavi ne jainadharma ke pradhAna caritroM kA Adarza saMyama, siddhAnta evaM unakI tyAgatapasyA kA udAharaNa dekara pAThakoM ko jIvana kA uccAdarza kAvya kI ramaNIyatA ke sAtha samajhAyA hai| AcArya somakoti--Apa kASThAsaMgha ke nandItaTa zAkhA ke prasiddha bhaTTAraka lakSmIsena ke praziSya evaM bhImasena ke ziSya the| paTTAvaliyoM meM Apako kASThAsaMgha kA 87vAM bhaTTAraka batAyA gayA hai| Apake gRhastha jIvana ke 1. desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 582 2. vahI 3. vahI

Page #541
524 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sambandha meM adhika jAnakArI prApta nahIM hai kintu Apa saM0 1518 taka bhaTTAraka bana cuke the| Apa udbhaTa vidvAn, zreSTha sAhityakAra evaM utkRSTa saMta the / saMskRta, prAkRta, marugurjara Adi bhASA ke jJAtA the| Apane rAja. sthAna evaM gujarAta meM nirantara bhramaNa kara janasAdhAraNa ke bIca jJAna, dharma, tapa aura saMyama kA saMdeza prasArita kiyaa| Apane aneka mandiroM kI pratiSThA karAI, sAMskRtika samArohoM kA netRtva kiyaa| inakA racanAkAla saM0 1526 se saM0 1540 taka mAnA gayA hai| inake ziSyoM meM yazodhara, yazaHkIrti, aura vIrasena Adi ullekhanIya vidvAn ho gaye haiN| Apane saMskRta meM saptavyasana kathA, pradyumnacaritra aura yazodharacaritra likhaa| ApakI marugurjara bhASA meM chaha kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hai| unake nAma hai-gUrvAvalI, yazodhararAsa, RSabhanAtha kI dhUli, malligIta, AdinAtha vinatI aura trepnkriyaagiit| gurvAvalI-aitihAsika racanA hai jisameM kASTAsaMgha ke pUrvAcAryoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| yaha saMskRta aura marugurjara donoM bhASAoM meM likhI gaI hai aura gadya tathA padya vidhAoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isakI bhASA kA namUnA dekhiye :--- 'kAma koha mada moha, loha AMvatu TAli, kaTThasaMgha munirAu, iNI pari ajUyAli / zrI lakSmasena paTTodharaNa pAvapaMka chipI nahIM, jo naraha nariMde vaMdIi, zrI bhImasena munivara sahI / isakA racanAkAla isa prakAra likhA hai : 'paranahasi aThAra mAsa aSADhaha jANu, akkavAra paMcamI bahula paravyaha bakhANu / yazodhararAsa-yazodhara kA caritra AcArya jI ko itanA priya thA ki ise Apane saMskRta aura marugurjara donoM bhASAoM meM likhaa| yaha eka prabandha kAvya hai / saMskRta meM yaha rAsa saM0 1536 meM likhA gayA / marugurjara meM yaha rAsa usake bAda hI likhA gayA hogaa| inameM rAjA yazodhara ke jIvana kA varNana 10 DhAloM meM vibhakta karake varNita kiyA gayA hai| yaha ahiMsA siddhAnta ke pratipAdanArtha likhA gayA rAsa hai| rAsa ke varNana prabhAvazAlI hai yathA1. kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina santa, pR0 39-49 2. vahI, pR0 44

Page #542
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya koila karai TahukaDAe, madhukara jhaMkAraphUlI, jAtaja vRkSa taNIthe vanaha majhAra vana dekhI muni rAu maNi / hAM nahI mujha kAja brahmacAra yativara rahitu avilAja | mahArAnI apane rupavAna pati ko dhokhA dekara kor3hI ke pAsa jAtI hai to kavi ko nArI caritra para kucha kahane kA avasara milatA haiM / ve likhate haiM : nArI visahara vela, nara vaMcevAe dhaDie, nArIya nAmaja mohala nArI narakamato taDI e, kuTila paNAnI khANi, nArI nIcaha gAminI e sAMcu na bolivANi bAdhiNa sApiNa agina zikhAye / " nArI sambandhI ye udgAra bhaktikAlIna anya santoM ke svara se bhinna gahIM hai / inakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai / 'AdinAtha vinatI' eka laghu stavana hai jisameM AdinAtha kA yazogAna kiyA gayA hai bhakti bhAva kA eka udAharaNa dekhiye : 'tiNi kAraNi tujha paya kamalo saraNa payavau heva, rAkhi kriyA kare maharIya rAva kiM keva / navanidhi jisa dharisaMpajie ahanizijapatA nAma / ' 525 ' trepana kriyAgIta' meM zrAvakoM ke pAlane yogya trepana kriyAoM kI vizeSatA batAI gaI hai / 'RSabhanAtha kI dhUla' meM prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ke saMkSipta jIvana kathA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isameM jana pracalita sarala bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / Apane apane kAvyoM meM jainadarzana ke pramukha siddhAnta ahiMsA evaM anekAnta kA vibhinna kathAoM ke mAdhyama se pratipAdana kiyA hai / inakI bhaktikAvya kI racanA bhI bar3I bhAvanApUrNa hai / Apa marugurjara bhakti sAhitya ke zreSTha lekhakoM meM the / *--- somaku jara - Apane saM0 1514 se 1530 ke bIca 'kharataragaccha paTTAvalI' likhI / yaha prakAzita hai| isameM kharataragaccha ke muniyoM kA aitihAsika krama se saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai / inakI bhASA kA namUnA dekhane ke lie isake prArambha kI kucha paMktiyAM prastuta hai 'dhana dhana jiNa ( zAsana) pAtaga-nAzana, tribhuvana garuau gahagaha se, jasu taSau jasuvAu gaMgAjala, niramala mahiale mahamaha a / 1. kAsalIvAla - pUrvokta pR0 48

Page #543
526 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dasa saya cauvIsahiM gaye, uthApiu ceiya vAsU a, zrI jina zAsani thApiu vasitihiM suvihita muni (vara) vAsU the| isake anta kI ekAdhapaMkti khaNDita hai yathA 'ArAdhatau vidhi kharatara saM0...' ima bhaNii bhagatihi somakuMjara jaMma canda-diNaMdau / '' somacandra-Apa nAgendragacchIya guNadevasUri evaM guNaratnasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1520 ke AsapAsa 'kAmadevarAsa' likhaa| ApakI dUsarI racanA 'sudarzanarAsa' kA racanAkAla nahIM jJAta ho sakA hai| kAmadevarAsa kI prArambhika paMktiyAM prastuta haiM : 'arihaMta siddhananvayayA paya-paMkaya paNamiuNa bhAveNa, mAgemi maMgalaMvarA suhakarageM duriyaDaharaNaM / isameM kavi ne AcArya guNadeva tathA guNaratna kA ullekha kiyA hai, tathA anta meM likhA hai : 'bhAvanA bhAvai doSa jAvai pApa pAvai bhava thakI, dAna deI dIkha leI kaThina karma kSayI karI / bahuloka tArI kugati vArI mugati rAmA rasidharI, ima kAmadeva kuMvaranI pari jainadharma jiM ke kriN|' sayala saMdha bakhANIi, kavi somacanda bhadaMta, je suNai pabhaNairAsa a, tasu prasanna zrI arihaMta / 314 / isake prArambha ke kucha chanda prAkRta bhASA meM haiM, usake bAda isa rAsa meM anta taka marugurjara bhASA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / sudarzanarAsa bhI usI prati meM ekatra milA jisameM kAmadevarAsa hai, ataH ise bhI somacandra kI hI kRti samajhA jAtA hai| isakI bhASA zailI bhI prAkRtAbhAsa aura purAtanatA lie hue hai ataH donoM kRtiyoM kA eka hI lekhaka pratIta hotA hai| sudarzanarAsa kA prArambhika chanda isa dRSTi se avalokanIya hai : 'pahilaGa praNamisi anukramaI me gaNahara cauvIsa, pachai zAsana devatA, aneha nAmU siis| samarIya sAmiNi sAradA a, sAnidhi saMbhAru' 1. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, khaMDa 2 pR0 1490-91 2. vahI, pR0 485.486

Page #544
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 527 Agai pAlu pratiparnu a, kavisyU akhaaru|' isameM sudarzana kA caritra varNita hai| racanA sAmAnya koTi kI hai, bhASA mAdhurya aura kAvyasauSThavakA abhAva hai| somacaritra gaNi-Apane tapAgacchIya AcArya lakSmIsAgasUri kA caritra 'gurugaNaratnAkarakAvya' nAmaka prasiddha prabandha meM likhA hai jisake dvArA 16vIM zatAbdI kI gujarAta se sambandhita aneka ghaTanAoM kA sahI vattAnta jAnA jA sakatA hai| Apa somadevasUri ke praziSya evaM caritrahaMsa ke ziSya the| yaha racanA saM0 1541 meM saMskRta meM likhI gaI isalie yaha marugurjara ke itihAsa kI paridhi meM nahIM AtI kintu yaha itihAsa ko jAnane kA eka pramukha srota hai ataH sandarbha grantha ke rUpa meM isakA aitihAsika mahatva rahegA / isIlie isakA ullekha mAtra kara diyA gayA hai / somajaya-Apa tapAgacchIya somadeva ke ziSya the| Apane 'jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha' (44 kar3I) kI racanA kii| isakA viSaya svataH spaSTa hai / bhASA ke namUne kI dRSTi se isake Adi aura anta kA chaMda diyA jA rahA hai :Adi-'jIrAuli rAuli kayanivAsa, vAsava saMsevia pavara pAsa, pAsappahu mahatuM pUrI Asa, AsaseNa vaMza vihiappa yAsa / ' anta-somajaya samujjala kittipUra, bhaviyaNa jaNa antaratimirasUra, iya mattihi juttai thuNia pAsa, jIrAuli jiNamujhapUri Asa / ' yaha pAzvanAtha kI stuti meM likhI huI bhaktiparaka racanA hai| isameM vinaya evaM dainya kA prAdhAnya hai / bhASA meM apabhraMza kI puTa milatI hai| somavimalasUri-Apa tapAgacchIya AcArya hemavimalasUri ke ziSya zrI saubhAgyaharNasUri ke ziSya the| hemavimalasUri aura saubhAgyaharSasari ke bIca AnandavimalasUri ho gaye haiN| Apa IDara nivAsI osavAla megha kI patnI mANeka de kI kukSise saM0 1547 meM paidA hue the| mUlanAma bAdhajI thaa| Apane saM0 1570 meM hemavimalasUri se dIkSA lI aura saM0 1582 meM suri paTTapara pratiSThita hue kintu usI samaya inhoMne gacchabhAra apane gurubhAI saubhAgyaharSa ko sauMpa diyA jinhoMne laghupAzAla nAmaka eka naI zAkhA calAI / isalie tapAgaccha kI paTTAvalI meM AnandavimalasUri kA nAma mahIM aataa| somavimalasUri ne inhIM AnandavimalasUri se vidyAbhyAsa kiyA 1. desAI-jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa-pR0 493, 729 aura 745 2. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 461

Page #545
528 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa thA aura Apane Anandavimala ke caritra para AdhArita 'AnandavimalasUri saMjjhAya' saM0 1596 meM likhA kyoMki usI varSa Anandavimalasari caitra zudI saptamI ko svargavAsI hae the / somavimalasari kI 16 vIM zatAbdI meM likhI yahIM eka kRti hai zeSa racanAyeM 17vIM zatAbdI meM AtI hai kintu unakA saMkSipta paricaya yahIM diyA jA rahA hai| jIvanavRtta - somavimalasUri ke ziSya ANaMdasoma ne saM0 1619 meM 'somavimalasUrirAsa' likhA hai / isa rAsa ke AdhAra para sUri jI kA saMkSipta jIvanavRtta mAlUma hotA hai| Apa khaMbhAta nivAsI prasiddha maMtrI samadhara ke vaMzaja rUpavaMta kI patnI amarAde kI kukSi se saM0 1570 meM paidA hue the| ApakA mUla nAma jasavaMta thaa| hemavimalasUri ke pravacana se inheM vairAgya huaa| unhoMne hI dIkSA dekara bAlaka kA nAma somavimala rkhaa| inhoMne saMyama, brata, vidyAbhyAsa ke pazcAt jaba vAcaka kI padavI pAI to bar3A utsava huA aura logoM ko pA~ca-pA~ca sera laDDU bharI thAleM bA~TI gaI thiiN| saM0 1594 meM Apa AcArya pada para pratiSThita hae aura saM0 1637 meM svargavAsI hue| isa prakAra Apa 16vIM aura 17vIM zatAbdI ke madhya vidyamAna the| ____ Apa eka zreSTha sAhityakAra the| ApakI pramukha racanAyeM 'AnandavimalasUri svAdhyAya', 'zreNikarAsa' (samyaktvasArarAsa) saM01603 (kumAragiri), 'dhammilarAsa' saM0 1615 (kahIM-kahIM saM0 1591) khaMbhAta, 'caMpakazreSThIrAsa' saM0 1622 ahamadAbAda aura 'kSullakakumArarAsa' saM0 1633 ahamadAbAda haiN| inake alAvA 'kumAragirimaMDaNazrIzAMtinAthastavana', casimAM zabdanA 101 artha nI saMjjhAya saM0 1632 aura manuSyabhavopari dazadRSTAntanAMgIta Adi kaI choTI racanAyeM bhI prApta haiN| racanAoM kI vistata sUcI, viSayavastu sthApanA kI zailI tathA bhASA-saMracanA ko dekhate hae Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke anta aura 17vIM zatAbdI ke parvArddha ke eka zreSTha kavi siddha hote haiN| ApakI likhI huI 16vIM zatAbdI kI prathama racanA hai :-'AnandavimalasUri sajjhAya' jo muni jinavijaya dvArA saMpAdita 'aitihAsika jaina gurjara kAvyasaMcaya meM prakAzita hai| isase patA calatA hai ki Anandavimala parivAra meM vijayadAnasUri, vidyAsAgara upAdhyAya, amaraharSa aura vimalabhAva Adi yogya vidvAn the| vinayabhAva ne bhI AnandavimalasUri para do svAdhyAya likhe haiM jo ai0 ja0 gu0 kAvyasaMcaya meM prakAzita haiN| 1. saM0 munijina vijaya-ai0 ja0 kAvya saMcaya

Page #546
24 - gurjara jaina sAhitya 529 'dhammilarAsa' ko zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne saM0 1591 kI racanA batAyA hai / isa rAsa meM racanAkAla isa prakAra diyA gayA hai : 'saMvat candranidhAna valI tithi siuM karI a pradhAna, nosa mAsa zudi sAra, valI paDave AdityavAra / ' isameM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA ke antargata ratnazekhara, lakSmIsAgara, sumatisAdhu hemavimala aura apane guru saubhAgyaharSa kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA / bhASA ke namUne ke lie Arambha kI kucha paMktiyA~ yahAM dI jA rahI haiM: 'sarasati majha mati diu dhaNI, ANI aMga uchAha, paya paMkaja sevaI sadA, jehanaI suranara nAha / Adi saMti zrI nemi jina, pragaTa pAsa jinacanda, sayala RSi maMgala karaNa praNamuM vIra jiNaMda | 2 'zreNikarAsa' prakAzita racanA hai / ise ahamadAbAda se zA0 choTAlAla maganalAla ne prakAzita kiyA hai / racanAkAla isa prakAra kahA gayA hai : -: 'bhuvana AkAza hemakara kalAo mA0 saMvata hi nANa, bhAdravA suda sohAmaNi o mA0 paDave caDayo pramANa / yaha rAsa kumArapAla dvArA sthApita kumAragiri nagara meM likhA gayA / isameM magadha ke prasiddha samrATa vimbasAra (zreNika) kA AkhyAna varNita hai / kavi ne ise rasAla kahA hai aura racanA ko bharasaka sarasa banAne kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai / bhASA aura kAvyazailI ke udAharaNArtha antima cAra paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'suNI je naranArI gAyase o mA0 suNase ANi raMga, ne sukha saMpadA pAmase o mA0 bhoga bhalIpare caMga jyAM lage meru mahIdhara o mA0 jyAM lage zazadhara tAra, tyAM lage rAsa ciranjaya o mA0 nitya maMgala jayakAra / * 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3, pR0 649, bhAga 1, pR0 186 2. zrI desAI - je0 gu0 ka0- bhAga 3, pR0 649 3. vahI, pR0 185 4. vahI

Page #547
530 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa caMpakazreSThirAsa ( saM0 1622) kA racanAkAla kavi ne ina zabdoM meM batAyA hai : 'teNai racIu rAsa rasAla re, varanayara vairATai vizAla, varasa bAhu nayane rasa caMdare saMvatsara iNi iha nANii / isa rAsa meM dAna kA mAhAtmya zreSThi caMpaka ke caritra ke AdhAra para spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, yathA : 'ima dAnanau mahimA jANI re, dAna deyo bhavIyaNa prANI, dhana sAratha vAhi ghRta dAni re, lahiu jinavara pada bahumAni / dAna ke lie prasiddha vyaktiyoM jaise zAlibhadra, candanabAlA Adi kA bhI dRSTAnta yathAvasara diyA gayA hai| kavi kA bhASA para uttama adhikAra pratIta hotA hai| maMgalAcaraNa se do chaMda udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM - 'kamalanayana tanayA vimala kamala kamaNDala jutta, kama linayana kamalAmukhI, kavi kamalAdiuputta / haMsavAhani sarasatI, haMsagAmini kavi mAta, haMsavaNi sohai sadA, haMsa samateja vikhyAta / ' chullakakumArAsa' saM0 1633 ahamadAbAda meM likhA gyaa| isameM kSullakaRSi kA Adarza caritra citrita kiyA gayA hai| isakA racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA hai saMvatsara solataitrIsa bhAdravA vadi AThamidIsa, zrInemi jiNesara sAmI, tasu nAmi navanidhi paamii|" choTI racanAoM kI pratinidhi ke rUpa meM 'casimA zabdanA 101 arthanI saMjhAya' kA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai| yaha kSullakakumArarAsa se eka varSa pUrva arthAt saM0 1632 ahamadAbAda meM likhI gii| isakA Adi dekhiye :'praNamauM parama puruSaparabhAvi, manoratha sIjhai jAsa prabhAvi, avirala vANI sadA varasati, sarasati mAM varasati / moTu bhAratI nu bhaNDAra, zabda rayaNanau jihAM nahIM pAra, jehathI lahIi artha aneka, casimAM zatahuM lei eka / ' 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pa0 650 2. vahI, bhAga 1, pa0 187 3. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 652

Page #548
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 531 isameM racanAkAla evaM sthAna ina paMktiyoM dvArA batAyA gayA hai : 'a casimA~ bolanA artha aikasu oka, zrI soma vimalasUri japaMi kari viveka / zrI vikrama napa zrI saMvatsara zatasola, batrIsa zrAvaNi suda sAtami raMgarola / nakSatra zubha svAti ahamadAvAdi artha, raciyA o bhaNatA sIjhai sadhalA artha / uparokta uddharaNoM se lekhaka kI kAvyakSamatA kA anumAna sahRdaya avazya lagA sakeMge aura samajheMge ki Apa eka zreSTha kavi the| saubhAgyasAgarasUri ziSya -saubhAgyasAgara bar3atapagacchIya labdhisAgarasUri ke ziSya dhanaratnasUri ke ziSya the| inake kisI ajJAta ziSya ne saM0 1578 damaNa meM 'campakamAlArAsa' nAmaka kAvya likhaa| sampUrNa rAsa dohecaupAiyoM meM likhA gayA hai| isameM campakamAlA ke satItva kI stuti kI gaI hai| isakA prathama dohA dekhiye : 'gaNahara mukhya igyAraha guru goyama praNamevi, caMpakamAlA satI taNucarIya bhaNu saMSevi / " isameM racanAkAla kA ullekha nimnavat hai : 'saMvata panara aThotare o mA0 ujjvala AsomAsa / ' isameM kavi ne apanI guru paramparA batAkara apane ko saubhAgyasAgara kA ziSya kahA hai / dohA, caupAI ke alAvA isameM pA~ca-chaha vastuchaMda bhI haiM / eka udAharaNa lIjiye thoDaidina sIkhyaughaNU a, savi rahi saupAsa, caurAsI AsaNa bhalA , kAmaraMga abhyAsa / piMgala bharaha vicAra sAra, nATika SaTbhASA caturima guhira gaMbIra vrakha, ahanI zASA / ' kavi ne apanI bhASA ko SabhASA kahA hai| prAcIna kAla se vastutaH 'SaTbhASA' kI paramparA calatI rahI jo hindI meM rItikAla taka milatI 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 kavi-bhAga 3, pR0 573 2. vahI

Page #549
532 maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa hai / isakA bhaktikAlIna rUpa sadhukkar3I yA khicar3I bhASA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA rahA hai / ye kavi apanI bhASA saMracanA meM bar3e udAra hote the, prAdezika saMkIrNatAoM se mukta the, paryaTanazIla aura saMta koTi ke the ataH sabhI pradezoM kI milI-julI bhASA zailI kA prayoga karate the tAki sarvatra vaha racanA samajhI jA sake / ise hI purAnI hindI yA marugurjara kahA gayA hai jo prakRti se mizra bhASA hai / saubhAgyasAgara ke ziSya ne bhI vahI bhASA apanAI hai / 1 I saMghakalaza-Apa tapAgacchIya somasundarasUri, munisundarasUri, jayacandrasUri, vizAlarAja, ratnazekhara aura udayanandisUri kI vandanA karake apane prasiddha 'samyaktvarAsa' ke racanA kAla kA nirdeza karate haiM'saMvata panara pacotarai o mAlhatar3e mAgisara racIu rAsa su, talavAr3Apuri nipanuo mAlhatar3e, punyarasa kalasa saMkAza su0 / ' 1605 talavAr3A ) kI yaha 16 vIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka ( saM0 racanA hai| isameM ATha bhAsa haiM / yahA~ bhAsa kA artha DhAla se hai / isameM 'mAlhatar3e' zabda bhI kisI lokagIta kI dezI kA hI aMza hai| rAsa kA maMgalAcaraNa dekhiye 'paramANaMda ramAnau kaMdo, pUnima sasi jima nayaNANaMdo, cidAnaMda maya jiNajayau, kevala kamalA lIlAvAso, vAsava salahiya mahima nivAso, sAsaya jiNavara vaMdIi o / " kitanI saMgItamaya padAvalI hai / isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiMpaDhai guNai mati savahaI o mA0 je suNai samakita rAsa, samakita pAmI te kramaI mA0 pAmai zivapuri vAsa, suNi / jAM lagai caMda sUrija tapai mA0 jalanihi jalapUri, tAM jayau samakita surataru a mA0 saMgha maNoraha pUri, suNi / isa kavi kI bhASA meM geyatA, pravAha aura kAvyocita komalatA hai / saMghavimala - ApakI racanA 'sudarzanazreSThirAsa' kI carcA candraprabhasUri aura zubhazIlagaNi ke sAtha ho cukI hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA - paramparA pR0 59 2. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3, pR0 457

Page #550
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 533 dekhiye zrI mo0 da0 desAI kRta jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 42 / yaha racanA candraprabha, zubhazIla, melAsaMghavI aura saMghavimala ke aba taka isake vAstavika lekhaka kA nirNaya nahIM ho vidvAnoM ke satprayAsa kI apekSA rakhatA hai | nAma se jur3I hai kintu pAyA hai / yaha prazna - saMghamANikya ziSya - saMghamANikya ke kisI ajJAta ziSya ne 'kuladhvajacaupai' kI racanA kI hai jisakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai :-- sAradasAra namuM sadA sasivayaNI sujANa, sarasati sAmiNi samaratAM sukha saMpati di vANI / haMsa vadana haMsavAhinI, harihara sevipAya, harilaMkI mRganayaNI hIi dharu tumheM mAi / ' isa caupai meM kuladhvajakumAra kA caritra zIla ke Adarza rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isameM mukhyatayA dohe aura caupai chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai, udAharaNArtha caupai kI antima paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM . 'ahava kuladhvaja rAjA kahayau, buddhi pasAI jehavu lahayu | je naranArI pAli zIla, kuladhvaja nI pari karasi sIla / zIla prabandha maNi sAMbhalI, teha ghari lakSmI aphalAM phalai / ' saMyamamUrti - Apa kamalameru ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1594 ( jye0 zu0 3 budhavAra ) meM kalAvatI caupai ( gAthA 201 ) aura saM0 1597 meM 'gajasukumAla saMdhi' ( kar3I 70 ) kI racanA kI / 'udAirAjarSisaMdhi' nAmaka racanA ke lekhaka bhI saMyamamUrti haiM / kintu isameM lekhaka saMyamamUrti ne apane guru kA nAma vinayamUrti diyA hai / isakI saM0 1662 kI pratilipi prApta hai / isameM lekhaka ne apanA nAma 'saMjima' likhA hai, yathA'uvajJAya zrI vinayamUrati sIsa 'saMjima' ima kahai, ' kalAvatI caupar3a meM saMyamamUrti likhA hai aura guru kA nAma kamalameru kahA hai: 'vAcaka kamala meru supasAi, kIyo kavita mana dharI uchAha vidhi karI saMyamamUrti kahai, bhaNai guNaite navanidhi lahai / ' 8 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3, pR0 637 2. vahI pR0 638 vahI pR0 604-605 -

Page #551
534 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa gajasukumAla ke anta meM lekhaka ne apanA nAma saMjimamUrati likhA hai, yathA siddhameda varasaha municanda, devakoTi mAhe jimacanda, saMjimamUrati te ciranaMdai, gajasukumAla sadA jau bNdi|| isase lagatA hai ki lekhaka apanA nAma saMyamapUrti, saMjimamUrati aura saMjima bhI likhatA thA aura eka hI vyakti ho sakatA hai, jahA~ taka guruoM kI samasyA hai, aisA lagatA hai ki saMyamamUrti vAcaka kamalameru ke nahIM balki vinayamUrti upAdhyAya ke hI ziSya the| gajasukumAla aura udAI bhI RSi the, ataH racanA ke viSaya vastu aura anya vivaraNoM jaise bhASA zailI, racanA kAla Adi ke AdhAra para ina tInoM racanAoM ke kartA eka hI kavi saMyamamUrti mAlUma par3ate haiN| kalAvatI caupai kA prathama chaMda nimnAGkita hai-- 'titthesara cuvIsamau, vIra jiNaMdaha deva, siddharatha rAya kulatila u sArau suranaraseva / racanA tithi 'saMvata panara caurANasAra, jeTha sudI trIjai budhavAra' racIyau aha upazama bhaMDAra, zrI vidhipakSa gaccha udAra / gajasukumAla sandhi kA Adi chanda dekhiye paNamavi svAmI nemi jiNaMda, jasa sevai sura naravai iMda, gajasukumAla saMdhi manaraMgai, pamaNi jima aMtagaDa aNgi| inakI bhASA zailI meM samAnatA hai| udAi rAjarSisaMdhi aura gajasukumAla saMdhi kI kAvya vidhA meM bhI samAnatA hai| ataH bahuta sambhAvanA hai ki ye tInoM racanAyeM eka hI kavi kI hoN| __udAIrAjarSisaMdhi kI pratilipi ke AdhAra para desAI ne isakA vivaraNa 17 vIM zatAbdI meM diyA hai kintu ve isakI mUla racanA 16 vIM zatAbdI kI mAnane ke pakSa meM haiN| saMvegasundara ( upAdhyAya)-Apa jayasundara upAdhyAya ke ziSya the| ApakI racanA sArazikhAmaNarAsa saM0 1548 kA ullekha sarvAMgasundara ke nAma ke sAtha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| ye donoM nAma eka hI vyakti ke 1. zrI desAI-je0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, 50 605 2. vahI, bhAga 1, pR0 462

Page #552
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 535 haiN| inakA vizeSa vivaraNa jAnane ke lie jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 66 aura bhAga 3 pR. 502 dekhA jAya / harSakalaza yA harSakula (1)-Apa tapAgacchIya hemavimalasUri ke ziSya kalacaraNa ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1557 meM 'vasudeva caupai' kI racanA lAsanagara meM kii| isakI eka prati meM racanA sambandhI vivaraNa isa prakAra diyA gayA hai : 'varalAsanayara pUriharasi, saya pannara sattAvana varasai, kulacaraNa paMDita guNa sIsa, kahai haraSakalasa nisadIsa / ' dUsarI prati meM haraSakalaza ke sthAna para harSakula nAma milatA hai, yathA 'vara lAsa nayari dhari harisa, saya panara sattAvana varisa, kula caraNa supaMDita sIsa, kahai, haraSakula nisadIsa / ' harSakula ne vAkyaprakAza para TIkA likhI hai ataH sahI nAma harSakula hI mAlUma par3atA hai / 358 kar3I kI yaha racanA prAyaH dohA aura caupAI chanda meM likhI gaI hai / isameM yaduvaMzI vasudeva kA itivRtta hai / isakI bhASA svAbhAvika marugurjara hai / namUnA dekhiye :Adi 'sakala manoratha siddhi kara, dhuri cauvIsa jiNiMda, paya paNami subhAvi karI, bhaviyaNa nayaNAnaMda / je vasudeva sohAmaNI, yAdava kuli siNagAra, caritra racUM hUM tehanUM suNiyo atihi udAra / ' isameM guru paramparA ke antargata lakSmIsAgara, sumatisAdhu aura hemavimalasUri kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ___ harSakula (2)-eka harSakula nAmaka anya kavi 16 vIM zatAbdI meM hue jo puNyasAgara ke ziSya the| Apane 'maho0 zrI puNyasAgara guru gItama' kI racanA kI hai jo aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| yaha 6 chaMdoM kI laghu racanA hai jo rAga sUhava meM nibaddha hai, isameM puNyasAgara ko guru batAyA gayA hai, udAharaNArtha dekhiye :1. zrI desAI--jai0 gu0 kavi-bhAga 1, pR0 102 2. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 527-528 3. vahI, bhAga 1, pR0 102

Page #553
536 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'vimala vadana jasu dIpatau, jima pUnama tau caMdajI, madhura amRta rasa pIvatA, thAi paramANaMda jii| isakI antima paMktiyAM isa prakAra hai :-- 'zrI jinahaMsa sUri sarai sai hathi dIkhiya zIsa jI, haraSI haraSakula ima bhaNai guru pratapau koDi varIsa jii'|6|' upAdhyAya harSapriya-Apa kharataragacchIya kSAntimandira ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1574 meM 'zAzvatasarvajinadvipaMcAzikA (gA0 52) khaMbhAta meM likhA / ApakI dUsarI racanA 'zIlaikatIso ( 31 gAthA ) hai / zAzvata sarvajina dvipaMcAzikA eka stutiparaka racanA hai| isakA prArambha isa prakAra huA hai :-- samarati sAradAdevi, tribhuvana tIratha sAsatA e, te saMkhyA pabhaNesu, te jina zAsana jAgatA e| vRSabhAnana vadhamAna candrAnana taha vAriSeNa, ai cihuM nAma samAna sAsaya paDimA tribhavaNi / ' racanA kAla aura sthAna kA nirdeza isa chanda meM kiyA gayA hai : 'panara cihuttari tavana kIdha, khaMbhAtai nayari, bhaNatAM guNatAM nitu vihANi suha saMpaya tasu dhari / " kavi kahatA ki isa bAvanI ko par3hane se zeja giranAra, sammeta zikhara Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrA kA phala prApta hogA 'tima sAsaya jiNa iyANa bAvannI bhaNaMtA, zrI harNapriya ubajhAya ema bodhi mAMgai rcitaa|' zIlaikatIsoM meM zIla kA mAhAtmya darzAyA gayA hai| kavi guru kA smaraNa karatA huA anta meM likhatA hai 'mana vacana kAyA tajI mAyA, viSaya sukha madhu viduA, arihaMta vANI jIva jANI, ma kari nArI chNduaa| je zIla lAdhe jIva sAdhe, mokSa nA sukha te suNyo, zrI kSAntimandira guru prasAdai harNapriya pAThaka bhaNyo / ' 1. ai0 je0 kA0 saMgraha kra0 saM0 21 2. zrI a. ca0 nAhaTA-jai0 ma0 gu0 ka0-pR0 145 3. vahI

Page #554
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 137 isa uddharaNa se patA calatA hai ki Apa kSAntimandira ke ziSya the aura pAThaka upAdhi se vibhUSita the| ApakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva svabhAvataH adhika hai| isa racanA meM kavi ne zIla kI surakSA ke upAya aura usake mahattva tathA usase prApta puNya phala kA varNana kiyA hai| harSamUrti-Apa bhAvaDAragaccha ke bhAvadeva sUri ke ziSya vijayasiMha sUri ke ziSya the| Apane 'padmAvatI caupai' kI racanA kI hai jisameM guru paramparA ke antargata kAlakasUri se haraSamUrati taka kA ullekha hai| isameM kavi ne padmAvatI ke caritra dvArA zIla kI mahimA kA udghATana kiyA hai| zIla kI mahimA para jora detA huA kavi kahatA hai 'sIlai savi sukha pAmIi, sIla lagai hui Rddhi, sIlai mahimA vistarI pAmai bahu parisiddhi, sIlai saMkaTa saha Talai, sIlaI hui bahuraMga, suranara sevai payakamala dinii huI utsrNg|' isake prArambha meM bhI dAna, zIta, tapa Adi kA bakhAna kiyA gayA hai / yathA Adi jiNesara payakamala vimala citta paNamevi, sIla taNA mahimA suNu hIyaDai haraSa dharevi / dAna sIlatapa bhAvanA, a chai cyAri sAra, tIha cihumAhi adhike raDu sIla rayaNa saMsAri / ApakI eka anya racanA 'candralekhAcaupai' saM0 1566 kI likhI huI hai / bhinna-bhinna pratiyoM meM pAThabheda ke kAraNa racanAkAla kahIM 1566 aura kahIM 1560 bhI likhA hai, yathA 'panara saThai saMvatsara jAMNi, zrAvaNa sudi terasi mana ANi / tiNi dIhADai huu vicAra, cupaI kIdhI haraSa apAra / candraleSAnuM lei sambandha sAmAyakanu raciu prabandha, haraSa mUrati munivara ima bhaNai, guNai te siva sukha lahai / ' lekina dUsarI prati meM pAThAntara hai, yathA ___'panara chAsaThi varasai jANi, zravaNa sudi terasa mani ANi / ' 1. vahI, bhAga 3, pa0 531 2. vahI, bhAga 1, pR0 105 3. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 530

Page #555
534 maru-gurjara jana sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa candralekhA caupai meM guru paramparA nahIM dI gaI hai kintu yaha pUrI sambhAvanA hai ki ye donoM kRtiyA~ eka hI kavi harSamUrti kI haiN| paNDita harizcandra jaina paNDitoM meM tIna harizcandra prasiddha haiN| prathama harizcandra saMskRta ke prasiddha kavi the jinhoMne dharmazarmAbhyudaya' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa grantha likhA hai| dUsare bhaTTAraka harizcandra bar3e uttama gadya lekhaka the| inake gadya bandhra kA ullekha bANabhaTTa ne kiyA hai| prastuta harizcandra tIsare haiN| inakI racanAoM meM marugurjara kA prayoga milatA hai yadyapi inakA jhukAva apabhraza kI ora adhika thaa| ye agravAla kulotpanna vidvAn lekhaka the| inhoMne paddhar3I chanda meM 'anastabhita vratasandhi' kI racanA kI hai jisameM rAtri bhojana kA niSedha manohara DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti meM kisI kathA kA sahArA kavi ne nahIM liyA hai balki svatantra rUpa se ise 16 sandhiyoM meM pUrA kiyA hai| isakI bhASA apabhraza gabhita aura kliSTa hai / patA nahIM yaha kliSTatA pAMDitya pradarzana hetu AcArya kezavadAsa kI taraha sAbhiprAya hai yA mAtra abhyAsavaza hai| inakI dUsarI racanA 'paMcakalyANa' hai jisameM tIrthaMkara ke garbha, janma Adi paMca kalyANakoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kavi kI bhASA aura racanA ke pratipAdya para prakAza DAlane ke lie eka uddharaNa prastuta hai 'gabhbha jamma tapa NaNa puNa mahA amiya kallANa / isa bhASA ke AdhAra para inheM marugurjara kA kavi kahanA kaThina hai ataH adhika uddharaNa evaM vibaraNa apekSita nahIM hai| hemavimala sUri-Apa tapAgaccha ke 15 veM paTTadhara the| Apane saM0 1562 ( Aso zu0 15 soma0 ) meM mRgAputra caupai' kI racanA kii| yaha 104 kar3I kI kRti haiN| isake prArambha ke do chanda bhASA ke udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kie jA rahe haiM 'vIra jiNesara praNampAya, anai balI goyama gaNahara rAya, dhara sarasati samarU hu devi, cariya mRgAputra racauM saMkhevi / sugrIva nayara chai ralIyAmaNu, ati sasobhita vanatasa tnn| rAja karai tihAM balabhadra bhUpa, tasa paTarANI atihi sarUpa / ' 1 zrI. mo0 da0 desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 68 aura bhAga 3 pR0 503

Page #556
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 531 isakI racanA tithi isa prakAra batAI gaI hai 'saMvata panara vAsaThI jANi, carI raca uM mana ulaTa ANi, Asoi pUnima somavAra, karI caupai zruta AdhAri / isakA antima chanda dekhiye 'mRgAputra RSi rAjAojI, je gAvai naranArI, hemavimala sUri bhaNa i jI, te tarasyai saMsAra / ' hemahaMsagaNi--tapagaccha ke ratnazekhara sUri Apake guru the| Apane saM0 1515 meM giranAracaityaparipATI (50 kar3I) nAmaka aitihAsika racanA likhI jo paM0 becaradAsa dvArA sampAdita hokara purAtatva varSa 1 aMka 3 meM prakAzita hai| isakA prathama chanda prastuta hai jisameM kavi ne gautama aura sarasvatI kI vandanA kI hai, yathA 'paNamavi goyama sAmi nAmi jasu AThai siddhI, sarasati aMbika devi be bhUvalaya pasiddhi / kara siri jor3I vInavU o diu mau mati mADI, Ujila girivara taNIya karisu hiva caitr-prvaaddii|' isameM lekhaka ne apanI guru paramparA kA varNana karate hue likhA hai 'zrI somasundara gurua gaNahara sIsa ziva sukhadAyako, jayata zrI guru rayaNasehara sUri tpgch-naayko| tasu sIsa lesihi hemahaMsihiM thuNiya revayagirivaro, je bhavia bhAvai tAMha AvaI sayalapti ddhi syNkro|' Apa uttama gadya lekhaka bhI the| Apane saM0 1500 meM 'namaskAra bAlA vabodha' likhA jo saMkrAntikAlIna gadya bhASA kA adhyayana karane ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai| hemakAnti--Apa sumatisAgarasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1589 (bhAda0 ATha, ravi ) meM 'zrAvakavidhica upai' ( 84 gAthA ) likhA isakA prathama chanda nimnavat hai 'sakala kalA guNa jiNavara jAMNA, teha taNI tahame mAMnu ANa, aMga upAMga niyuktii joi, sAra vacana jiNa varanA hoi|' 1. zrI desAI-je0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 461 2. vahI

Page #557
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isakI racanA tithi kavi ne isa prakAra batAI hai 'hu~ alpazruta kaviya na jANauM, acchUtra mich| dukkar3a ANa u, vidhi pakSi bahu zruta sodhIi o / saMvata panara nava asIi bhAdrava AThami AditavAra samatisAgara sUri upadesIu a, hemakAnti haraSau ArAhu, sAmI vIra jiNesara dhyAu, Rddhi vRddhi kalyANa kro|' hemadhvaja-Apane saM0 1550 meM 'jaisalameracaMtyaparipATI' (16 gAthA ) likhii| racanA tithi kA ullekha kavi ne isa prakAra kiyA hai 'saMvata panaraha saya paMcAsai bhAva bhagati namaMsiyA, magasirai mAsai mana ulhAsa i hemadhvaja psNsiyaa| isakA prathama chanda vAgvANi kI stuti meM likhA gayA hai, yathA 'pahilahuM samarasi vAgvANi, mAtA dyau mukhi vimala vANi, jima caitra pravAr3I karU a raMgi, jesalamerU dekhI haraSi aNgi| isakA antima chanda bhASA ke udAharaNArtha prastuta hai-- 'gaNadhara gaNa mUrati garui, Adi jiNavara pAdukA, marudevi mAyar3I sayala saMghaha, karau maGgala mAlikA / ' haMsadhIra-Apa tapAgaccha ke A0 hemavimalasUri ke ziSya dAnavarddhana ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1554 meM 'hemavimalasUriphAga' kI racanA kii| yaha racanA 'jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya' meM prakAzita hai| isI ke sAtha jai0 ai0 gu0 kAvya saMcaya meM 'hemavimalasUrisvAdhyAya' bhI prakAzita hai kintu usake lekhaka kA ThIka patA nahIM cala pAyA hai| isa phAga ke anusAra A0 hemavimala sUri kA janma jIrAulA pArzvanAtha ke samIpavartI baDa grAma nivAsI zrI gaGgAdhara kI patnI gaGgA kI kukSi se saM0 1520 meM huA thaa| ApakA mUla nAma hadarAja thaa| lakSmIsAgara sUri ke prabhAva se vairAgya dRr3ha huaa| saM0 1528 meM Apane dIkSA lI, tabhI nAma hemavimala pdd'aa| Apane sumati sAdhu se zAstrAbhyAsa kiyaa| saM0 1548 meM gaccha nAyaka hue| saM0 1570 meM Apane mahotsavapUrvaka Anandavimala sUri ko DAmilA grAma meM sUri pada pradAna kiyaa| inakI lokapriyatA kI zikAyata kisI ne bAdazAha 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2 pR0 1494 2. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-ma0 gu0 je0 kavi pR0 137

Page #558
541 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya se kI aura kahA ki isa sAdhu kA sarvatra svAgata zAhaMzAhoM jaisA ho rahA hai, yaha ThIka nahIM hai| basa phira kyA thA, turanta ghur3asavAra sUri jI kI talAza meM daur3Aye gaye kinta jaina zrAvakoM evaM sAdhaoM ne milakara bAdazAha ko samajhA bujhA kara zAnta kara diyaa| hemavimala sUri ne anta meM Ananda vimala sUri se gaNamukhya kA pada bhAra sa~bhAlane kA prastAva kiyA kintu unakI virakti ko dekha kara yaha pada saubhAgyaharSa ko sauMpa diyA aura svayam saM0 1583 meM svarga sidhAre / phAga kI antima paMktiyA~ dekhiye 'hema vimalagacha nAyaka dAyaka mugativilAsa, vrata pUjA girimaMdara, kaMdara girikavilAsa / dAnavaddhana varapaMDita, paMDita vAdIya vIra, caraNa kamali alija mali ramali a rasi haMsadhIra / saMvata panara o caupanai Upanai buddhi prakAza, phAga raciu sumuhuratai puratai zrAvaNamAsu / / isa phAga meM aitihAsika mahattva kI aneka sUcanAyeM haiN| ANaMdavimala sambandhI kaI zaMkAoM kA isase nivAraNa hotA hai aura patA calatA hai ki unake rahate saubhAgyahayaM ko gacha nAyaka kyoM banAyA gyaa| isI prakAra anya kaI sUcanAyeM sarala bhASA meM upalabdha haiN| isameM hemavimalasUri ke saMyama, cAritra aura uccazIla kA varNana karake unakI madana nivAraNa zakti kI parAkASThA dikhAI gaI hai aura isI artha meM isakA phAgu zIrSaka caritArtha hotA hai| isa phAgu kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : 'aho mana dharI sarasa te sarasatI, varasatI avirala vANi, siri tapagachapati gAisu, bhAvisunita suvihANi / hemavimala sUrIsara isara kira avatAra, aNudiNa mayaNa nivAraNa tAraNa sayala saMsAra / haMsasoma-tapagaccha ke A0 hemavimalasUri ke ziSya kamaladharma Apake guru the / Apane saM0 1565 meM 'pUrvadezacaityaparipATIrAsa' likhaa| isakA racanAkAla kavi ne ina paMktiyoM meM batAyA hai : 'saMvata panara pAsaThai mA0 jAtra karI udAra su0 saMgha saha dhari AviA o mA0 dina dina ucchava sArasa / ' 1. ai0 je0 gu0 kAvyasaMcaya pR0 190 2. desAI-0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 98 , pR0 113 3. "

Page #559
542 maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa saMgha ke sAtha paM0 kamaladharma ne bhI yAtrA kI thI yathA'kamaladharma paMDita varu a mA0 jAtrA kIdhI saMgha sAtha, su0 saphala janama havai mujha huo o mA0 mugati huI hava hAtha / guru paramparA isa prakAra batAI gaI hai : 'tapagachanAyaka zivasukhadAyaka zrI hemavimala sUriMda guru, tasa ANa dhuraMdhara vibudha puraMdara kamaladharma paMDitavaru / tasa sIsa nAmai haMsasomai tIrathamAla raci suvimala, je bhavi bhaNesi bhAvi suNesi, te nara pAmai jAtraphalo / " isa meM kula 53 gAthAyeM haiM / saMgha yAtrA kA varNana aura caitya darzana kA puNyaphala dikhAnA hI isa racanA kA uddezya hai / racanA sarala marugurjara meM likhI gaI hai / zrutakIrti - Apane saM0 1552 meM harivaMza purANa aura saM0 1553 meM 'parameSThi prakAzasAra' nAmaka grantha likhe / harivaMza purANa isa paramparA kI AdikAlIna marugurjara sAhitya ke antima chora kI racanA hai / parameSThIprakAzasAra meM sRSTi kI utpatti aura nAnA prakAra ke jIvAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / tIsarI racanA yogasAra meM yoga, prANAyAma aura dhArmika ciMtanAdi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / ukta tInoM grantha aprakAzita hai / harivaMza purANa ke alAvA zeSa donoM grantha upadezaparaka haiM aura laghukAya haiM, jinakI bhASA sarala aura bhAva vyanjanA sapATa haiM / saM0 1552 kI likhI 'dharmaparIkSA" nAmaka kRti hariSeNa kI dharmaparIkSA ke AdhAra para bha0 zrutikIrti ne likhI / hariSeNa ne saM0 1144 meM jayarAma kI dharmaparIkSA ke AdhAra para apanI dharmaparIkSA paddhar3iyA chanda meM kI thI / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki isakA racanAkrama prAkRta, apabhraMza se hotA huA mahagurjara taka akSuNya hai / isa mahavattpUrNa grantha ke racayitA harivaMza ke karttA zrutakIrti hI haiM yA anya koI zrutikIrti haiM yaha patA nahIM cala sakA / donoM kA racanAkAla eka hI hai ataH pUrI saMbhAvanA hai ki donoM eka hI kavi haiM / RSivardhanasUri - Apa AMcalagacchIya gacchanAyaka jayakIrti sUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1512 (cittaur3a) meM 'naladamayaMtirAsa' nalarAja 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1 pR0 113 2. hindI sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa 3 pR0 247 aura 281 3. DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI - rAjasthAnI sA0 kA sAmAnya paricaya |

Page #560
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 543 caupai' likhii| isameM nala aura damayantI kI prasiddha kathA jainamatAnusAra barNita hai / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye 'sayala saMgha suhasaMtikara, praNamIya zAMti jiNesu, dAnazIla tapa bhAvanA, puNya prabhAva bhaNesu / suNaMtA supurisavara cariya, vAdhai puNya pavitta, davadaMtI nala rAyanU nisuNu cAru caritta / ' isakA racanA kAla isa prakAra kahA gayA hai : saMvata panara vArottara barase, citrakUTa girinagara suvAse, zrIyasaMdha Adara ati ghaNai hai| aha carita je bhaNai bhaNAvai, riddhisiddhi sukha ucchava Avai, nitunimaMdira tasa taNui o / 331 / ' yaha 331 padyoM kI rAsa racanA hai / rAsa kI varNana praNAlI manohara hai| zrI RSivardhanasUri ne atizayapaMcAzikA yA jinendrAtizayapaMcAzikA kI bhI racanA kI hai| isake tIna hastalikhita pratiyoM kI sUcanA zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne dI hai| jJAna (jJAnacandra) Apa soraThagaccha ke kSamAcandra sUri kI paramparA meM vIracandra sUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1565 caitra zu0 6 guru0 maMgarola meM vaMkacUlarAsa (pavADau) likhA / saM01593 zrAvaNa badI 9 guru0 maMgarola meM 'vetAlapaMcavIsI' aura saM0 1599 (mAgasara zudI 10 guruvAra) meM 'sihAsanavatrIsI' likhI, ApakI eka choTI racanA 'bAramAsa' (18 kar3I) bhI hai jo jainayuga pu0 5 pR0 256 para prakAzita hai| sarvaprathama isake hI Adi anta ke padya uddhRta kie jA rahe haiN| Adi 'sarasatI cita samarI karI praNamI jina pAya, rAjula kahe suNi cAMdalA caMdA kahajere jAya / yadupati nemajI gAiyo, dIThe ati ANaMda, vizeSa (vIra) caMda kavirAja no ziSya kahe jJAnacaMda / ' 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 1, pR0 48 evaM zrI a. ca0 nAhaTA paramparA pR0 60 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 467 3. vahI, pR0 546

Page #561
544 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isameM nemi aura rAjula kI madhura kathA ke mAdhyama se bAraha mAsoM kA varNana hai / vetAlapacIsI aura siMhAsanabattIsI ati lokaprasiddha' rAjA vikramAditya kI kathAoM para AdhArita racanAyeM haiN| vaMkala kI kathA dvArA kavine saMyama pAlana kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA hai| siMhAsanabattIsI kA racanAkAla kavi ne isa prakAra batAyA hai : saMvata panara vANavai, mAgasira mAsapavitta, zukla pakSa dasamI dinai zrI guruvAra avitta / isake prArambhameM sarasvatI kI vaMdanA vastu chaMda meM kI gaI hai, yathA vaMbha tanayA baMbha tanayA pAya paNamevi; vapu dhanasAraha varNa je dhavala haMsajasa vAhani rajjai, dhavala vastra je paMgaraNi, dhavalahAra guNa kaThi chjji| dhavala sihAsaNa AsaNai, dhavalaha pustaka pANi, nyAna kahai tAI sAnadhai vikrama kathA bakhANi / isameM vikramAditya ke siMhAsana kI vattIsa pariyAM eka ke bAda eka karake 32 kathAyeM saMguphita karake kahatI hai jaise gobhI yA kele ke patte meM se dUsarA pattA nikalatA jAtA hai| vaitAlapacIsI meM rAjA vikrama aura baitAla se sambandhita pacIsa kathAyeM bar3e manoraMjaka DhaMga se kahI gaI haiN| isakA prArambha isa chanda se huA hai : 'udadhisutA suta svAmi ripu, pitA nAbhi utapana, tAsa sutA hU~ payanamI, mAgisa vimala vacana / guru paramparA aura racanA kAla bhI isameM diyA gayA hai, yathA 'soraThi gachi sohAmaNA guru garuA guNavaMta, khimAcandrasUrIsadhara jaNi kIdhau krama anta / tAsa pATi kahai mandadhI paMcavIzI vaitAla, jJAnacandrasUri ima vadai, vikrama guNa savisAla / racanAkAla 'saMvata panara tiui racIcAru kathA vicitta, zrAvaNa vaditithi navamIi suraguruvAra pavitta / 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3 pR0 545

Page #562
35 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 545 ___ yaha racanA kavi ne ratnAgarapura ke navapallava pArzva ke mandira meM kI thii| vaMkacUlarAsa kA racanAkAla kavi ne isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai :-- 'saMvate panarane pAsaThe caitrazudatithi chaThi, guruvAre maMgalapure racyu gaccha sortthi| vindhyavAsinI devI kA vara prApta karane se sambandhita isa pavAr3e ke tIna khaNDa haiM / prathama khaNDa kA antima chanda dekhiye : 'nyAna bhaNai kaNipAra kahU~, pavvADau paracanDa, vaMkacUla rA varNaviu aka paNI parikhaMDa / / isakA prArambha kavi ne pUrva kaviyoM kI stuti se kiyA hai, yathA 'grantha aggau grantha aggau kiddha kavi zreNi, te budhi bahulI nimIya jagaha mAhi taNi sujasa lIddha / dUsare khaMDa kA Arambha kavi ne isa dohe se kiyA hai : nyAnacandra kahi nRti karI, bAMdhU bIjU khaMDa, baMkacUla kima varNabU, pavvADau paracaMDa / ' isakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva yatratatra dikhAI par3atA hai| sAmAnyatayA bhASA sarala kintu AvazyakatAnusAra sarasa tathA sakSama bhI hai| bha0 jJAnabhUSaNa (prathama)--Apa bha0 bhuvanakIrti ke ziSya the / balAtkAragaNa meM jJAnabhUSaNa nAma ke cAra bhaTTAraka ho gaye haiN| ina cAroM meM se prastuta jJAnabhUSaNa prathama ne 'AdIzvara phAgU' kI racanA kii| Apa vimalendra kIti ke ziSya the kintu bAda meM bhuvanakIrti ko apanA guru mAna liyA thaa| jJAnabhUSaNa aura jJAnakIrti sage bhAI aura gurubhAI the / ye golAlAre jAti ke zrAvaka the| jJAnabhUSaNa vaDasAjanoM ke aura jJAnakIrti lohaDa sAjanoM ke guru kahalAte the / ye gujarAta ke rahane vAle the / bhuvanakIti ke pazcAt sAgavAr3A kI bhaTTA1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 545 2. dvitIya jJAnabhUSaNa vIracanda ke ziSya the aura saM0 1600 se 1616 taka bhaTTAraka rahe, tRtIya jJAnabhUSaNa zIlabhUSaNa ke ziSya the (17vIM zatI) aura caturtha jJAnabhUSaNa ratnakIrti ke ziSya the jo 18vI zatAbdI meM hue /

Page #563
546 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa raka gAdI para jJAnabhUSaNa baiThe aura saM0 1557 taka bhaTTAraka rahe / tatpazcAt apane ziSya vijayakIti ko bhaTTAraka pada dekara svayam mumukSu bana gaye / Apane svayam sAhityasRjana kiyA aura prAcIna sAhitya kI pratiyAM karAkara unheM surakSita kiyaa| ___AtmasaMbodhana kAvya, RSimaNDalapUjA, tatvajJAna-taraMginI, pUjASTaka TIkA, bhaktAmara-pUjA, zruta-pUjA, sarasvatI-pUjA, zAstra-maMDala pUjA Adi aneka racanAyeM Apane saMskRta meM kI haiM / marugurjara kI prasiddha racanA AdIzvara phAgu kA ullekha pahale kiyA gayA hai| yaha do bhAgoM meM nibaddha hai| isameM bhagavAna AdinAtha ke jIvana kA saMkSipta varNana hai jo pahale saMskRta tatpazcAt purAnI hindI (marugurjara) meM varNita hai / isameM 239 padya saMskRta ke aura 262 padya purAnI hindI ke haiM / prArambha meM sarasvatI kI vaMdanA isa prakAra kI gaI hai : 'Ahe praNamai bhagavati sarasati jagati vibodhana mAya, gAisyUM Adi jiNaMda suriMdavi vaMdita pAya / / AdinAtha kI bAlalIlA varNana kA udAharaNa nimna paMktiyoM meM dekhiye - 'Ahe devakumAra ramADai mAtaja mAurakSIra, ekadharaimukha Agila ANIya niramalanIra / Ahe eka haMsAvai lyAvai kaiDi caDAvIya bAla, nIti nahIya nahIya salekhana nai mukhilaal| bar3e hokara AdinAtha indra ke samAna prajA para zAsana karane lge| eka dina nIlAMjanA nAmaka nartakI kI nRtya karate karate mRtyu ho gaI jise dekhakara inheM virikta ho gaI aura saba tyAga kara mukti mArga para cala die / ve socate haiM : 'Ahe Ayu kamala dala sama caMcala capala zarIra, yauvana dhanaiva athira karama jima karatala nIra / Ahe bhoga viyoga samannita roga taNa ghara aMga, mohamahA mUniniMdita naariiysNg| isakA racanA kAla saM0 1560 se kucha pUrva hI hai| 'posaharAsa' vrata ke mAhAtmya para AdhArita racanA hote hue bhI apanI 1. ka. ca0 kAsalIvAla-rAjasthAna ke jaina santa pa0 49-63

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547 maru-gurjara jaina mAgi kAvyazailI kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa madhura rAsaka hai kintu paM0 paramAnanda evaM DaoN0 premasAgara ise dvitIya jJAnabhUSaNa kI racanA kahate haiM / isa prakAra isake lekhaka kA nizcita patA nahIM hai / isakI bhASA bhI apabhraMza garbhita hai, ataH isakA vizeSa vivaraNa evaM uddharaNa nahIM diyA jA rahA hai / inakI anya racanAoM meM SaTkarma rAsa, jalagAlana rAsa, akSayanidhipUjA Adi ullekhanIya haiM / 'SaTkarma rAsa' karma siddhAnta para AdhArita laghu rAsaka kAvya hai / isameM devapUjA, gurUpAsanA, svAdhyAya, tapa, saMyama evaM dAna ko SaTkarma kahA hai jisakA pAlana pratyeka vyakti kA karttavya hai / isameM 53 chaMda haiM / isakA antima chanda namUne ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai :'suNau zrAvaka suNau zrAvaka ehaSaTkarma, ghari rahaitAM je Acarai, tenara para bhavi svargaM pAmai / narapati padapAmI karIya nara saghalA naipAi nAmai / samakita dharatA~ ju gharai zrAvaka e AcAra, jJAnabhUSaNa guru ima bhaNai, te pAmaibhavapAra / jalagAlana rAsa meM jala chAnane kI vidhi batAI gaI hai / isameM 33 padya haiM / isakI antima do paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : pANIya ANIya yatanakarI, je galasii nara nAri, zrI jJAnabhUSaNa guru ima bhaNai, te tarasiiM saMsAri / 2 ApakA smaraNa kaI paravartI lekhakoM jaise zubhacandra aura sakalabhUSaNa Adi ne apanI kRtiyoM meM kiyA hai / ApakI mRtyu saM0 1560 ke bAda kisI samaya huI hogii| ApakI adhikatara racanAyeM zrAvakoM evaM sAdhuoM ke lie karttavya karmoM kA vidhi vidhAna batAne vAlI haiM ataH inameM sAhityika sarasatA kahIM khojane para hI milatI hai / jJAnasAgara - Apa nAyalagacchIya guNasamudrasUri kI paramparA meM guNadeva sUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1523 meM 'jIvabhavasthitirAsa' (2232 gAthA ), siddhacakrarAsa - zrIpAlarAsa saM0 1531 meM likhA lekina zrI mo0 da0 desAI kA kathana hai ki jIvabhavasthitirAsa kA karttA bar3atapagacchIya jJAnasAgara kA koI ziSya (saMbhavataH vaccha yA vAchA ) hai / jJAnasAgara kI nizcita racanA siddhacakrarAsa hI hai / 1- 2. kAsalIvAla - rAjasthAna ke jaina santa pR0 60 -

Page #565
548 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa siddhacakrarAsa meM zrIpAla kA lokaprasiddha caritra padyabaddha hai, isameM kavi ne zrIpAla ke caritra ke mAdhyama se siddhacakra navakAra mantra kA mAhAtmya batAyA hai isalie isake donoM nAma prasiddha haiN| kavi ne rAsa ke anta meM likhA hai ki jo bhI yaha rAsa par3hegA vaha navakAra mantra ke bala se usI prakAra sarvasiddhi prApta karegA jisa prakAra rAjA zrIpAla ne prApta kiyA thA, yathA 'rAsa racyo siddhacakra no o mA0 gAiu zrI navakAra, ekamanAM je sAMbhalai o mA0 teha ghari maMgalamAla riddhi anantI bhogavai o mA0 jima nRpati shriipaal|'1 guruparamparA ke antargata kavi ne nAgendragaccha ke guNasamudra sUri, ANaMda prabhasUri aura guNadeva sUri kA vaMdana kiyA hai tatpazcAt rAsa kI racanA tithi batAI hai : 'tAsa sIsa a rAsa raciu o mA0 jJAnasAgara uvajhAya, saMvata panara akatrIsai mAgasiriiM o mA0 ujalIbIja guruvAra / ' jIvabhavasthiti rAsa-bRhat rAsa grantha hai aura nizcita rUpa se 16vIM zatAbdI kA hai ataH yahI usakA bhI paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| ise bar3atapagacchIya jJAnasAgara ke ziSya vAchA kI racanA kahA gayA hai| yaha kRti saM0 1520 meM likhI gii| isa sandarbha meM isakI antima paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM : 'bar3atapagacha ratnAgarasAgara jima bharapUri, tihAMgacchapati achai vidyamAna zrI jJAnasAgara sUri / tAsa vayaNa suNyAM manazuddhii tINaiM buddhi huo prakAza, kIdhu upagArataNI mati jIvabhavasthiti rAsa / racanAkAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : 'panara se bIsA phAguNa siddhi taNau nivAsa, ravi pakSa ane titthi terasi te racyau punya prakAza / ' yaha ho sakatA hai ki yaha racanA vAchA yA vaccha kI ho aura ve anya jJAnasAgara ke ziSya hoM, kevala bhramavaza yaha rAsa ina jJAnasAgara ke nAma se pracalita ho gayA ho / ataH yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai| 1-2. desAI-0 ga0 ka-bhAga 1 pR0 56-58 aura bhAga 3 pR0 487-488 3. vahI -bhAga 1, pR056

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549 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya jJAnAcArya-ApakI do racanAyeM prasiddha haiM (1) "vilhaga 'paMcAzikA' aura (2) 'zazikalA paMcAzikA' / donoM prasiddha kazmIrI kavi' vilhaNa kI racanAoM para AdhArita haiM / yaha racanA 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa kI honI cAhiye kyoMki isakI saM0 1626 kI hastalikhita prati prApta hai| yaha racanA prAcIna kAvyasudhA bhAga 4 pR0 157 para prakAzita hai| isake prakAzaka zeTha haMsarAja puruSottama vizrAma bhAva jI haiN| isakA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : 'makaradhvaja mahipati varNavaM, jehanU rUpa avani abhinavU, kusuma bANa karikuMjara caDii, jAra prapANi dharAdhaDahaDai / kodaMDa kAminI taNa TaMkAra, Agali ali jhaMjhA jhaMkAri, pAkhali koili kalaravakarai, nirmala chatrazvetazira dhri|" isameM nAnArasoM se yukta aneka manohArI varNana haiM kintu bhASA kI akSamatA ke calate mUla bhAva AcchAdita ho gaye haiM, yathA 'Api vAru aka avAsa, maNi mANika ghana saMpUnAsa, dUraba prema bihi jaNa dhaNau, pArana pAmi kavite tnnu| kAmi kAji kIdhU cUpai, khaMti karI nirakhau thirathai, bhaNisai vilhaNa vANI teha, jJAna bhaNai rasi rAtA jeha / ' vilhaNa kI mUla racanA zRgAra pradhAna hai; usa meM premAnubhUti ke nAnA sarasa prasaMga hai, uccakoTi kA kAvyatva hai kintu jJAnAcArya ne una komala bhAvoM para bhASA kA jo vastra pahanAyA hai, usase usakI prakRta zobhA AcchAdita ho gaI hai| 1. bilhaNa-yaha kazmIrI vidvAn kavi thA jo kazmIra se calakara gujarAta AyA aura paryApta samaya taka anahilavADA meM rahA / usa samaya vahAM rAjA karNadeva rAjya karatA thaa| yaha kavi isase pUrva paMjAba ke hAkima kSitipAla ke yahA~ rahA aura usakI putrI se prema karane lagA thA, phalataH kSitipAlane kupita hokara ise haTA diyaa| usa samaya vilhaNa ko jo viraha janya svAnubhUti huI thI use usane saMskRta bhASA meM 'vilhaNa paMcAzikA' nAma se likhA thaa| zrI jJAnAcArya kI 'vilhaNa paMcAzikA' isI racanA para AdhArita marugurjara bhASA meM likhI gaI hai| 2. desAI-0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 173 aura bhAga 3 pR. 636 3. vahI bhAga 1, pR0 174

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550 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'zazikalA paMcAzikA' kI bhASA to zrI desAI jI ke zabdoM meM ati bhraSTa hai kyoMki isakI 40 caupAiyAM marugUrjara bhASA meM zeSa marugurjara mizrita saMskRta meM hone ke kAraNa racanA aTapaTI ho gaI hai| isameM aitihAsika hAkima kSitipAla aura usakI putrI ke sthAna para kalpita pAtra gujarAta ke vIrasiMha aura unakI patrI zazikalA ko rakhA gayA hai| inheM lekara vilhaNa ne jo kAvya likhA, jJAnAcArya kI yaha racanA usI para AdhArita hai| jJAnAcArya ne zazikalA ke pitA kA nAma pRthvIcandra rakhA aura use pATaNa kA rAjA batAyA hai| isa kAvya meM vilhaNa ne rAjakumArI ke sAtha nAyaka dvArA bhoge gaye vilAsa sukha kA unmAdaka citra khIMcA hai| jaina sAdha zrI jJAnAcArya ne apanI kRti kA upayukta AdhAra nahIM canA kyoMki ve na to kAmoddIpaka sthaloM kA sahI bhASAntaraNa karane kI sthiti meM the aura na unheM chor3a kara racanA pUrNa kara sakate the, ataH dvividhA meM phaMsa kara yaha racanA kuMThita ho gaI hai| isakI bhASA para gujarAtI prabhAva adhika hai| isakA Arambha isa prakAra huA hai : 'eka dina baiThI sahiira sAthi hasi harakhi tAlI dei hAthi, sahI kahI sAMbhali zazikalA, paMcha bAta eka nirmlaa| jima vilhaNa parakAsyUM sarva, tima tUM kahi mUkI mana garva, kahI kumarI suNijyo sahU, tehane nehanI bAta prakAzaM ahma / isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM : 'thayu vihvila chor3I AgalI, krIr3A surata kIdha taNi balI, vAra vAra saMbhAru teha, prANa pAhi bAhalu vara aha / ' isameM kula 60 caupAiyA~ haiM jinameM se bIsa saMskRta gujarAtI mizrita bhASA meM hai, zeSa kI bhASA bhI vilhaNa ke bhAvoM ko yathAvat abhivyakta karane meM asamartha hai / vastutaH ina sAdhuoM kI bhASA upadeza paraka bAtoM ko sarala DhaMga se samajhAne yogya haiM kintu ucca koTi kI dhvani, vyaMjanA, mAdhurya Adi se rahita hone ke kAraNa koI bar3I kAvyakRti kA bhAva vahana karane meM akSama hai| yaha sthiti sabhI lekhakoM kI nahIM hai apitu kucha to tatkAlIna anya bhASA kaviyoM kI tulanA meM kahIM adhika sakSama bhASA zailI kA prayoga apanI racanAoM meM kara gaye haiN| 1. desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 174

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 551 ajJAta kavi kRta kRtiyA~-aba taka 16 vIM zatAbdI ke jJAta kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA paricaya yathAsambhava diyA gayA hai, aba kucha aisI racanAoM kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai jinake lekhakoM kA nAma ajJAta hai| ye racanAyeM vibhinna saMkalanoM meM saMkalita haiM yA itihAsa granthoM meM unakA ullekha ho cukA hai| inameM se kucha racanAyeM sAhityika mahattva kI haiM aura kucha aitihAsika mahattva kI haiM ataH inheM chor3akara koI sAhityetihAsa grantha pUrNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vibhinna jaina-bhAMDAroM meM na jAne kitanI hastalikhita pratiyA~ abhI bhI veSThanoM meM ba~dhI mUlyAGkana kI pratIkSA kara rahI haiM, lekina yaha kArya itihAsa lekhana se adhika anveSaNa aura khoja kA hai isalie vaha kArya isa grantha meM pUrA karanA na sambhava hai aura na apekSita hai| akele 16 vIM zatAbdI kI pacAsoM aisI kRtiyA~ haiM jo kAphI samaya se pAThako paMDitoM ke sAmane haiM kintu unake lekhakoM ke nAma aura anya vivaraNoM para abhI taka prakAza nahIM par3a sakA hai| yaha kArya bhI vidvAnoM aura anusaMdhitsuoM ke dhyAnAkarSaNa kI pratIkSA kara rahA hai| jaina zrAvakoM aura sAdhuoM ne jisa niSThA se grantha lekhana aura bhaNDAraNa kA zlAghanIya kArya kiyA hai vizvAsa hai, usI tatparatA aura AsthA ke sAtha ve loga isa vizAla sAhitya ke zodha-sampAdana aura prakAzana kArya bhI avazya kreNge| ___ sarvaprathama bhogIlAla sAMDesarA aura somAbhAI pArekha dvArA sampAdita 'prAcInaphAgusaMgraha' meM saMgrahIta una kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai jinake lekhakoM kA nAma-patA ajJAta hai ye racanAyeM adhikatara jaina vidvAnoM dvArA likhita haiM kintu kucha racanAyeM jainetara lekhakoM kI bhI vicAraNIya haiM / viraha desAurI phAga' yaha jainetara kRti hai kintu 16 vIM zatI kI mahattvapUrNa phAgu kRti hai| isameM laukika nAyaka-nAyikA ko Alambana banAkara 'basanta bilAsa' kI taraha pahale vipralaMma aura bAda meM saMyoga zRGgAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kAvya ke uttarAddha meM nAyaka pravAsa se lauTatA hai isalie 'viraha desAurI' nAma sArthaka hai| isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM : 'Aja sakhI mana kampaye tAlAveli karei, phAgu khelaNadina AvIu priya desAntara lei / 1. 'viraha desAurI phAgu' prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 234-240

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552 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa do chandoM ke bAda saMskRta kA zloka aura usake bAda punaH mahagurjara ke chanda haiM / pravatsyatpatikAvirahiNI kahatI haiM : 'hAMsalAviNa kisiu sarovara, koila viNa kisiuM rAga, vAlabhaM viNakisiuM goraDI, rahi rahi nAha ajANa / vaha pati se jAte samaya kahatI hai : 'kaMta kAyara mati jAisi ghara chAMDI, taI jIvatai hautau hUM ji raaNddii| isake varNana bar3e manohara haiM, vasanta varNana kA eka udAharaNa dekhiye 'kesuaDA rulIAmaNa, bhamaralA raNajhaNakAra, cAMpalA cihuM dizi phalIA, vani vahika i sahakAra / / prakRti kA uddIpana rUpa meM varNana dekhiye : 'viraha saMtAvae pApIu dAjhae mAjhi zarIra, tana mana yauvana vilasae, nayaNi na sUkai nIra / vaha mayUra se sandeza bhejatI hai : 'eka manu ghari Avi re, melhi hai AnU mayala, strI rasa jINi na mANIu puruSa nahI te bayala / isI prakAra vaha candA Adi ko bhI sambodhita kara apanA viraha nivedana karatI hai| usI samaya usakA priya paradeza se loTA, kAminI ne zRGgAra kiyA aura priya ke sAtha saMbhoga meM rata ho gii| yahA~ se kavi ko saMbhoga zRGgAra ke varNana kA avasara milatA hai vaha priya se kahatI hai : 'rasiyA rasi bedhyA rahi, bhamara bhamI rasa leu, 'rasaka savedha na jANatA te nara jIvai kaaii|' rAsa ke anta meM kavi kahatA hai 'virati vasaMta so AvIu, phAguNi taruNi gAI, rAja karU rahIyAM ghaNuM sarasati taNai pasAi / 58 / " yaha zuddha sarasa evaM zRGgArika kAvya hai, isameM na koI zikSA hai aura na anta meM kAvya ko zAnta rasa meM paryavasita karane kA prayAsa hai| yadi kAvya kA uddezya rasa hai to aisI kRtiyoM kA bhI sammAna karanA hogA, kintu 1. bho0 sAMDesarA-prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 234-240 2. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 553 sAhitya sRjana yadi dharma pracAra kA sAdhana mAtra ho to aise sAhitya ke prati AcArya rAmacandra zukla kI TippaNI ko svIkAra karanA hogaa| ajJAta kavi kRta 'kAmIjanavizrAmataraMgagIta' bhI eka jainetara kRti hai isakA prathama chanda dekhiye : 'phAguNi phUlI bIjauraDI tunavaraMga, pahutala mAsa vasanta tu, bani bani taruvara kUpalyAM tu navaraMga, parimala kahaNau na jAitu / vasanta varNana ke sAtha yaha phAgu prArambha hotA hai / yadyapi kavi ne isakA nAma phAgu na rakhakara basanta gIta rakhA hai kintu basanta-gIta kA artha phAgu hI hai| yaha kAvya varNana-paddhati aura viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se phAgu hI hai| udAharaNArtha bhauroM ko sambodhita karatA huA kavi kahatA hai : 'karaNI kAraNi bhamaralau tu bhamasi ma jhAjhima rAti tu, kAcI kalI na Ugai tu navaraMga, bhogavi navanavI rAti tu / ' vibhinna prAntoM kI sundariyoM kI vizeSatAyeM batAtA huA kavi likhatA hai : 'catura sanAgara goraDI tunavaraMgagUjari kerI nAri tu, mAdhasira bharI marahaThI tu navaraMga soraThaDIya sujANu tu / isakI antima paMktiyA~ bhI kAvya aura bhASA zailI ke namUne ke rUpa meM prastuta hai : 'sIMgI jali bhari pANIiMtu navaraMga chAMTai vAlI vesa tu, vRMdAvani gorI milI tu navaraMga hIyaDai haraSa dharevi tu / 34 // 2 anta meM likhA hai 'iti zRGgAra bhAvena kAmI jana vizrAma taraMga gIta sampUrNam' / isase spaSTa hai ki yaha bhI zuddha zRGgAra rasa pradhAna racanA hai aura dharma pracAra isakA lakSya nahIM hai, ataH ye vizuddha kAvya ke antargata parigaNanIya haiN| ajJAta kavi kRta 'cupai phAgU'--isa phAgu ke sAtha bArahamAse kA rUpa milA-julA hai| isameM prakRti aura nArI ke saundarya kA varNana manohara DhaMga se huA hai / isakA prathama chanda dekhiye :1. DA0 bho0 sAMDesarA-prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 108 2. vahI

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554 __ maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'Aviu basanta ki suNi re sahI, AMbA DAli koili gahagahI, kasima parimala rAhaNau jAi, vani vani vani vahisyu baNarAi / vasanta varNana ke nAma para vRkSoM kI yaha sUcI dekhiye : 'keli khajUrI nai nAriMgI, ambA jAMbU nai bhAriMgI, pADala sevaMtrI mucakanda, ramai vRdAvana gopI govyaMda / sarvatra sUcI ginA kara paramparA kA nirvAha hI nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kahIMkahIM prakRti kA sundara varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai, yathA-- 'sarabhi samIraNa bAyai bAa, pADala phUla Sirai jalamAMhi tIrai tIrai sAraMga phirai, sarovara pANI iha kAMkarai / ' isI prakAra nArI saundarya kA bhI eka udAharaNa dekhiye : 'karai zRGgAra sAra galai hAra, caraNe neuranA jhamakAra, citrA laMki iti kuca kaThora, paDaMtI rasiyAM citta cakora / pihiraNa navaraMga anopama cIra, gorI caMpAvanna sarIra, tapata kaMca kasaNa kasamasai, yugama payodhara bhArila lsi|' jaMgha yazAu kadalI thaMbha, rUpai jamali na dIsi raMga, madana meSalI hIre jar3I nahari jisyA sata kamala paassdd'ii| padmini hastanI citraNi nAri, lIlAvaMtI ramai murAri, sola sahasa banai milI anaMda, rAsa bhAsi gAi gottyNd|'' ityAdi yaha zRGgAra varNana hindI kavitA ke rItikAla kA agragAmI mAlUma par3atA hai aura lagatA hai ki purAnI hindI yA marugurjara meM eka aisI kAvya dhArA vartamAna thI jisameM eka vizeSa rIti yA paddhati para nAyaka-nAyikA kI zRGgArI ceSTAyeM vaNita kI jAtI thiiN| hindI kI tamAma rItikAlIna zRGgArI kavitA usI agragAmI kAvya dhArA kI uttarAdhikArI hai| cupai phAgu meM viSaya vastu evaM kAvya baMdha phAgu kA hai kintu chanda caupAI prayukta kiyA gayA hai / ataH usakA nAma 'cupai phAgu' sArthaka hai| isameM pratyeka mahIne kA uddIpana vibhAva ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai jaise pauSa kA eka varNana prastuta hai :-- 'priya taNA gaNa posi mAsa, sejai paiThI bAlabha pAsa, mehilI lAja aMga ApIi, prIya taNAM rasa drAma paamiii|' 1. DA0 bho* sAMDesarA-prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 112

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isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai ma gurjara jaina sAhitya 'ratna amUlaka sarava siddhaDI, jANe kiri vizmAmitra ghar3I, madana mekhalA bhIjI rahai, dhINu Upama kehI kahai / 64 / ' *-- yaha bhI zRGgAra pradhAna sarasa kAvya racanA hai / racanAyeM hindI rIti kAvya kI pUrva sUcanA detI haiM / ajJAta kavi kRta 'phAgu' 112 dohoM kI laghu kRti hai / isakA bhI viSaya phAgu kA paraMparita viSaya hai arthAt virahiNI, basanta Adi / isa racanA meM priya basanta Rtu meM lauTa kara ghara AtA hai / priya ko dekhate hI kRzagAta virahiNI khuzI ke mAre phUla kara kuppA ho jAtI hai aura usake kaMcukI ke bandhana tar3atar3Akara TUTa jAte haiM, yathA 'kAMcUA kaMsaNa vimUTI A re, AvyU mUM bharatAra, hAra hair3A hUM tu harazI ure, bAlabhaM haiDutA hiru re / isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : 'phAguNa rati basanta SelIya re, haiDi haraSa mana mAM nAha / ' www 16 vIM zatAbdI kI ye isameM bhI basanta kA varNana vipralaMbha evaM saMbhoga zRGgAra ke uddIpana vibhAva ke rUpa meM hI huA hai / ye sabhI racanAyeM zRGgAra rasa pradhAna hai, tathA phAgu kA svAbhAvika svarUpa hamAre samakSa prastuta karatI haiM / 1 555 bAhanuM phAga - yaha bhI ajJAta kavi kRta racanA hai isameM basanta kA zRGgArika varNana nahIM hai balki jainadharmAnusAra mukti kA mArga vANijya mUlaka rUpaka dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai / yaha nizcaya hI kisI jaina vidvAn kI racanA hai / isI taraha kI racanA 17 vIM zatAbdI ke kavi kuzalalAbha kI 'zrI pUjyavAhanagIta' bhI hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki tRSNArUpI jala, abhimAna rUpI lahareM aura mithyAtva rUpa jalacaroM se bhare isa saMsAra samudra meM viyaSabhoga kI pralaya vAyu ke thaper3e khA-khAkara jIva nirantara bhaTakatA rahatA hai isase tArane vAle jinacanda sUri haiM / prastuta phAgu bhI isI prakAra kA hai jisameM kula 12 dohe haiM aura laTakaNiyA~ ke rUpa meM 'zrI jina' kI AvRtti hai, yathA 1. DA0 bho0 sAMDesarA - prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 116 2 . vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'krodha mAna mAyA jala bahai, upazama dalUyAM melhi, saMvara saSAiyu rASa je, jANai viveka vicAra, zrI jina / ' racanAkAla isa prakAra kahA gayA hai :- 'ahe saMvata panara satyAsi ASAr3ha zudi ravivAra, zrI jina, eha phAga je gAisiuM teha ghari maMgala cAra, zrI jina zAsana gAisiuM lAbhaI suSa apAra / 12 / 556 arthAt yaha rAsa saM0 1587 meM likhA gayA / isakI prati raSirAja ne suzrAvikA vAchI ke paThanArthaM taiyAra kI thI / ajJAta kavikRta 'neminAtha phAgu' eka uttama racanA hai / nemi ke viraha meM rAjula apane bAraha mahIne kisa vedanA ke sAtha vyatIta karatI hai, yahI isa phAgu kA varNya viSaya hai / yaha eka prakAra kA bArahamAsA bhI hai kintu nAma phAgu hai ataH donoM kA milA-julA rUpa isameM milatA hai / nemirAjula kI kathA itanI lokapriya hai ki kevala prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM hI isa viSaya para 9 racanAyeM haiM | ASAr3ha mAsa se kavi viraha varNana prArambha karatA hai'nizi adhiyArI akelI, madhura ma vAsili mora, viraha saMtApI pApIu vAlima haui kaThora / ' isI prakAra varSa ke bAraha mahIne usa virahiNI ko eka se adhika eka kaSTa dekara vyatIta ho jAte haiM 'bArahamAsa mAhi bhUligu jeTha vaDeruhoi, pabhaNai rANI rAimai nemi na melai koi' / ' anta meM kRSNa use sAntvanA aura upadeza dete haiM, tathA vaha bhI japa tapa meM tallIna ho jAtI hai aura nemi se pUrva hI bhavamukta bhI ho jAtI haijapa tapa saMyama AdarI, kIdhau nirmala kAi, nemi pahilI rAimai, ima baiThI zivapurI jAi // 23 // ina racanAoM kI bhASA kAvyocita sAmarthya evaM mAdhurya Adi guNoM se saMyukta hai tathA inameM ucca koTi kA kAvyatva bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai / ajJAta kavi kRta 'hemaratnasUri phAgu' - yaha kAvya 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM vinayalA sAdhvI ke Agraha para likhA gayA / hemacandrasUri kA janma bhImaga ke ghara huA thA / ye bacapana se hI udAsIna the, amarasiMhasUri kI zikSA se mohabhaMga ho gayA aura saMyama grahaNa kiyaa| isa phAgu meM kavi 1. sAMDesarA - prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, pR0 124

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 557 likhatA hai ki saMgha meM naranArI guruvaMdana hetu Ate haiM aura vasaMtaRtu meM nRtyagAnAdi karate haiM / isa artha meM isakA phAgu nAma sArthaka hai, yathA 'rUpiiM kautiga karatia dharatia raMbha tagatAgu, vasaMta RturAya khela I melai gAtI phAgu / " isa phAgu kI carcA vinayacUlA ke nAma para isase pUrva kI jA cukI hai aura vahA~ bhI yaha AzaMkA vyakta kI gaI hai ki yaha racanA vinayacUlA kI nahIM balki unake Agraha para kisI ajJAta kavi dvArA jo hemaratnasUri kA bhakta ziSya rahA hogA, kI gaI hai / ataH isake punaH vistAra kI apekSA nahIM hai / 'rANakapura maMDana catubhuja AdinAthaphAga' - yaha bhI ajJAta kavi kI racanA hai / yaha saM0 1557 se pUrva likhI gaI hogI kyoMki isakI usI varSa kI likhI hastaprati prApta hai / yaha prAcIna phAgusaMgraha meM 18 veM krama para prakAzita hai | mAravAr3a meM sAdar3I ke pAsa rANakapura ke jainamandira meM AdinAtha kI caturmukhI mUrti sthApatya kI dRSTi se bar3I uttama hai| ise rANakapura ke zrI dharaNAzAha ne banavAyA thaa| yaha phAgu usI kI vandanA meM arpita hai / yaha sthApanA saM01496 meM huI thI ataH yaha phAgu 16vIM zatAbdI ke prathamArddha meM hI likhA gayA hogA / somasundarasUri ke kisI ziSya ne yaha racanA kI hogI kyoMdi mevAr3a ke rANAkuMbhA ke adhikArI dharaNAzAha ne yaha mandira somasundarasUri ke upadeza-Adeza se hI banavAyA thA / isameM rANakapura, dharaNAzAha evaM mandira ke zilpa kA sundara paricaya hai / yaha 81 kar3I kA phAgu hai / isakA chanda-bandha phAgu aura rAsaka se nirmita hai / kavi kahatA hai ki kumbhakarNa ke zAsana meM sampanna nagarI rANakapura kI barAbarI na kara sakane kI glAni se hI laMkA ne jalavAsa le liyA thA, yathA'jiNi jItA amarAvatI, nAsatI gaiya AkAsi, laMkA zaMkA karatI a, taratIya rahIya jalavAsi / ' usa nagara ke tamAma dhanakuberoM meM dharaNAzAha agragaNya the / mUrti kI vandanA meM kavi likhatA hai 'vikAne kaMcaNamaya kuMDala, tejai jANe ravi sasi maMDala, bhAmaMDala jhalakaMti va jaya jaya / athavA - 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, pR0 77

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558 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sAme AbharaNe dIpaMte, jhagamaga ArI se dIsaMte, jima tejomaya saddhitu jaya jaya / / RturAja AyA, yAtrA meM AI sundariyoM kA kavi ina zabdoM meM ullekha karatA hai 'Avyu e riturAja kAja karatI save bhAminI, yAtrA mAsa vasanta nI padminI AvI milaI saaminii| saMgha dvArA darzana pUjana kA isa phAgu meM vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / mohinI phAgu-yaha ramya racanA bhI kisI ajJAta kavi kI hai| usakI kathAvastu pracalita grAma lokavArtA se lI gaI hai| mohinI nAmaka eka vanajArina kA pati paradeza gyaa| pati kI anupasthiti meM usane cAra yAroM ko rijhAyA aura pati ke Ane para use bhI jhAMsA detI rhii| isameM kAphI aMza azlIla bhI haiM jinheM chor3a diyA gayA hai| yaha una grAmya gItoM, jo vasanta Rtu meM phAgu ke nAma se gAye jAte the aura sAhityika phAgu ke bIca kI jor3ane vAlI kar3I ke rUpa meM mahatvapUrNa hai| isase donoM ke aitihAsika sambandha para acchA prakAza par3atA hai| campaka nagara meM rahane vAlI mohinI svabhAva se chinAla thI 'nayaNi abhIsaru vIMdhaI chUTai taruNa na koi', arthAt kisI ko chor3atI nahIM thii| usakA svAstha evaM rUpa bhI unmAdaka thA, yathA "hiyaDai hasamasa karatA pragaTa kiyA thaNa teu, sovana kalaza ki pUriyAM kAmI amI rasa leu / usakA pati paradeza gayA idhara vasanta kI mAdaka havA calI, mohinI kAma se behAla ho gaI / 'mohiNI manamathu mohiu pahilau viraha pravesi' / usane cAra yAroM ko paTAkara unake lie prahara bA~Ta diye, aura dinarAta bhoga vilAsa meM bitAne lgii| isI bIca usakA pati AyA, usane pati ko bahakAyA ki maiMne svapna meM tumhArI mRtyu dekhI, maiMne jyotiSI se pUchA to usane batAyA ki cAra yuvaka bulAkara sAtha khilAo, to doSa dUra ho jAyegA / maiM isa samaya vahIM kara rahI thii| pati khuza ho gyaa| kula 53 chandoM kI yaha racanA sthAna-sthAna para kAphI azlIla ho gaI hai / yaha kisI jainetara rasika kI likhI pratIta hotI hai / 1. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha krama saM0 18 2. vahI

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 559 'amararatnasUri phAgu'- yaha bhI ajJAta kavi kRta aitihAsika kRti hai| ise amararatnasUri ke kisI ziSya ne likhA hogaa| yaha prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| isake anusAra saM0 1513 meM amararatna ko AcArya pada prApta huA thaa| ataH isa phAgu kI racanA 16vIM zatI ke pUrvArddha meM huI hogii| hemaratnasUri ne amararatna ko sUri mantra diyA thaa| AgamagacchIya AcArya amararatna kI mahimA kA bakhAna karane ke lie hI yaha saMkSipta kAvya phAgubandha meM likhA gayA hai| phAgu ke prArambha meM amararatna kI janmabhUmi zrImAla aura unake mAtA-pitA kA ullekha hai, tatpazcAt unake saMyama aura kAma vijaya kI mahattA bakhAnI gaI hai| vasanta varNana se sambandhita do paMktiyAM dekhiye : 'ahe lalanA lalakaI laharai pahiraI jAdara cIra, jhalahalai hAra nAgodara, sahodara manmatha viir|12|| isa phAgu kA antima bandha isa prakAra hai 'phAguNa phAga sIdUrihiM pUrihiM saravari sAra, bhagatihi suguru malhAvauM pAvauM jima savivAra / zrI amararatnasUri manohara suhaguru bAlakuMAra, rattavatAM bhaviyaNa amha ghari tamha ghari jayajayakAra / ' 'udayanakumAra caritra'-isake lekhaka kA nAma aura racanA kI tithi Adi kA vivaraNa ajJAta hai| isa racanA kI jo prati saMgha bhaNDAra pATaNa meM upalabdha hai vaha khaMDita hai| usameM 256 chanda hI prApta haiM ataH yaha patA nahIM ki isake Age kavi ne kucha vivaraNa diyA hai athavA nhii| isakI antima kar3I isa prakAra hai :--- 'paNi eka dosii daive dUSyo, citraka roMgi kor3hI re, teNi tupuna paTantara bhaNaje, gAtri pacheDI or3hI re / 256 / 3 isakA prArambhika chanda nimnAMkita hai : 'siddhAratha narapati kulii, ASADhi sudi chaThai, Ayu sudina dekhAutu, tava tisalA huI tutthii|' isameM udayanakumAra ke caritra ke mAdhyama se dayA kA mahatva dikhAyA gayA hai yathA1. prAcIna phAga saMgraha pR0 242 2. vahI 3. desAI-jai0 ga0 ka0-bhAga 3, 50 643

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560 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa virAsI navi pAya par3atI, doSa nija aMgI karI vandati micchAmi dukkaDaM sarvanyAna sirIvarI, tI udayanakumAra caritaM dayA jiNimani aNusarI, suNautasa AkhyAna anopama, bhaviya mani udyama gharI / " " - 'baMkacUlarAsa' - isa rAsa meM baMkacUla dvArA cAra niyamoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karate hue mukti prApta karane kI kathA saMkSepa meM kahI gaI hai / isakI bhASA sarala marugurjara hai / bhASA ke namUne ke lie isake Adi aura anta chanda prastuta kie jA rahe haiM Adi ' Adi jinavara Adi jinavara pamuha cauvIsa | titthaMkara paNameva savi, dhariya citi sarasati sAmiNi / tihuyaNa jaNa mukhamaNDaNI, vAgavANi vara haMsagAmiNi / tAsa taNaya supasAulaI karasiuM kavitta rasAla, vakacUla rAya pAliyA, nIma cyAri suvizAla / antima chanda isa prakAra hai ' vinaya karI gurunA paga namai, rAjaridhi te navi gamai, gaNasai je saMsAra asAra, te pAmesi bhavano pAra / baMkacUlanU aha caritra, akamanAM sAMbhalo pavitra, sAMbhalatA hui pAva paNAsa, sayala saMghanI pUrai Asa / 95 / ' 2 isake bhI racayitA kA nAma-patA ajJAta hai aura na yahI patA hai ki yaha racanA kisa varSa likhI gaI kintu yaha 16vIM zatAbdI kI racanA sarvamAnya hai / 'puNyADhya narezvararAsa ' - yaha ajJAta kavi kRta racanA saM0 1626 se pUrva kI hogI kyoMki isakI usa varSa kI likhI hastaprati prApta hai / ataH ise 16vIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka kI racanA anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isakA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai : vandiya vAsupUjya jina svAmiya pAmIya puNya pramANa, zrI puNyADhya naresara gAyasu, suNIya nirmala jANa / 3. 1. desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3, pR0 643-644 2 . vahI 3. vahI

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36 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya isakI antima paMktiyA~ nimnAMkita hai : 'tu re zivapura vAsi pahUtA rAjana amara karai jayakAra, zrI puNyADhya naresara praNam siddhi ramaNi siNagAra / mugati pahUtA mUratI pekhI, sAra karu majha svAmI, bhavi bhavi mahARSIzvara vAMga, jinazAsana hu~ pAmI / ' isakA viSaya, isakI racanAzailI evaM bhASA sAmAnya marugurjara jaina racanAoM kI bhA~ti hai, koI atirikta vaiziSTha nahIM hai / 'puNyasArarAsa ' - - isameM bhI puNya kA hI mahatva samajhAyA gayA hai / isake bhI lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai / puNya kA mahatva samajhAte hue kavi likhatA hai : ---- 'puNihi utima kulanai jAni, puNyai hi . lahIi puhavIkhyAti, puNihi dhaNakaNa kaMcaNa ghaNAM, puNyai hi vayarI hui ApaNA / ' isake Adi kA vastubandha isa prakAra hai : sayala jinavara sayala jinavara sava suhakara sevai jANa kappataru sujaNaloya vihua avi Asai, cauvIsa caturamuha, dhamma mula caDaviha payAsai / iha loka vaMchiya karaNi, parabhavi sarga vimANa, zrI puNyasArakumAra jima, lahyAM te karU vakhANa / ' isake anta kI paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 561 'puNihi Api narapati mAna, puNihi ghari nitya maMgalagAna, puNiha saphala karai saMsAra, jima suNIi puNyasAra kumAra / " 'paradezI rAjArAsa '-- isake bhI lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai / isakI bhASA zailI ke namUne ke lie prArambha kI kucha paMktiyAM prastuta hai : vastu vIra jiNavara vIra jiNavara pAya paNamevi rAya pradezI tehanu bhaNisu rAsa ulhAya ANIya, karai kukarmaha koDi pari pachai loka paraloka jANIya, 1. zrI mo0 da0 desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3, pR0 644 pR0 645 3, pR0 646 vahI vahI

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562 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa avaTa anyAi jUvaTI mehalu naragi priyANa, zvetavatI nagarI tihAM, varatai pApa vinaann|' ajJAta kavi kRta 'sAdhuvandanA' 251 kar3I kI madhyama zreNI kI racanA hai| isakA prathama chanda isa prakAra hai :-- 'vandiya guruA siddha ananta, tIrthaMkara gaNadhara bhagavanta, karajoDI RSivandana karU, jima lAbhai cAritra ati khruu| isakI antima paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai : 'kAla anAdi anante bhave, te aparAdha khamA save, sUtra viruddha je kAi hoi, zuddha karu gItAratha soi / 251 / 2 ajJAta kavi kRta 'jIvadayA caupaI' 30 kar3I kI choTI racanA hai / isakI prArambhika paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'pahilUpraNam vIra jiNaMda, teNai taThai hoi parimANaMda, cauvIsamau tIrthaMkara deva, suranara iMdra karaiM paya seva / bhAva aura bhASA ke udAharaNArtha aMntima do paMktiyAM bhI prastuta hai :--- 'imajANI jIva rakSA karau, jaiNAdharma sUdhau Adarau, kuguru bhrama choDau mithyAta, pravacana vacane prIchu vAta / 30 / / ajJAta kavikRta 'RSidattArAsa' kI racanA saM0 1502 meM huI kintu isake lekhaka yA isa racanA se saMbandhita vivaraNa bhI ajJAta haiM / _ajJAta kavikRta 'samakitagIta' (gAthA 5) aura samyaktva gIta (gAthA 8) ke bhI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| inake uddharaNa zrI mo0 desAI kRta je0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3 pR0 495 para upalabdha haiN| ajJAta kavikRta 'hIyAlI' kA ullekha zrI desAI jI ne pR0 496 para kiyA hai (jai0 gu0 ka0 bhAga 3) / hIyAlI eka prakAra kA bujhauvala hai / isakI do paMktiyA~ udAharaNArtha prastuta hai : 'sakala nAri sukalINI suNIi, guNavaMtI vakhANuM jagijANuM re, je dekhai tena citta mohi, satI siromaNi jANuM re|' 1. zrI desAI-je0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 3, pR0 645 2. vahI khaNDa 2 10 1499 3. vahI, pR0 1500 4. vahI, 456

Page #580
maru-gujara jaina sAhitya 563 ajJAta kavikRta '18 nAtarAM saMbaMdha' (25 gAthA) saM0 1567 se pUrva kI kRti hai| isameM jaMbU svAmI kA caritra carcita hai / isakA prathama chanda nimnAMkita hai : 'mathurApuri nagarivaMza, kAMbera vezAuire, jaMba saranAM tAsa ghare, divasa dasa thavArI paiya saMcArI rayaNa vibhAgi mUkayA jimaNAM taare|' isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : 'isau anabhava jAMNI carita jaMbu sAmi, virata saMsAra mAhi mugati mAMgau / 15 / ' ajJAta kavi kRta 'naladavadaMtI (nala rAya) rAsa 69 kar3I kI racanA hai| isameM naladamayantI kI prasiddha kathA jaina dRSTi se saMkSepa meM varNita hai| isakA prathama chaMda dekhiye : 'sarasati sAmiNi suguru pAya, hiyaDai samarevi, karajor3I sAsaNa devi, aMbika paNamevi / naladavadaMtI taNau rAsa bhAvaI pabhaNevau, ekamanA thai bhaviya loya, vigataMI nisuNevau / ' isakI antima paMktiyA~ nimnAMkita hai : 'paDhai paDhAvai je sAMbhalai, aSTa mahAsiddhi teha ghari phalai, je bhaNaisii nita naranAri, navainidhi te ghari vAri / 69 / ajJAta kavi kRta 'bAra bhAvanA' nAmaka 94 kar3I kI kRti saM0 1595 se pUrva kI likhI huI prApta hai kintu vivaraNa aprApta hai / isakA kavi subuddha mAlUma par3atA hai, vaha kahatA hai : bhASA aneka bhamIu ghaj, vItakanU siuM sabhAraNa u, bhAvita cAritra lahiuM durlabha, dravyata hii prabhu ma karavilaMba / ajJAtakavi kRta 'vAravata cau0' (338 gAthA) kI racanA saM0 1534 AsAr3ha zudI 15 pIparavAr3A meM huii| 1. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 kavi, bhA0 3, pR0 503 2. vahI pR0 535 3. vahI pa0 619 4. vahI pR0 491 -

Page #581
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ajJAtakavi kRta 'anAthIriSi cau0' (63 kar3I) saM0 1589 ve pUrva kI racanA hai / isakI prathama kar3I prastuta hai : 564 'siddha savenai karU' praNAma, jehe puNa prAmiSaM uttama ThAma / sAdhu savenai na karajoDi bhava bhamivA jiNi bhAMjI khoDi / x X X anta uttara guNe karI saMjutta, gupatii gupatiu daMDaviratta, paMkhInI parihalU thai, moha vigata je viciraya mahI / 63 / ' ajJAta kavi - jambUsvAmIgIta (37 kar3I) saM0 1597 se pUrva kI racanA hai / isameM jambUsvAmI kA mAhAtmya citrita hai / isakA Adi dekhiye :'seThi riSabhadatta rAjagrahi vasaI, tAsa nAri dhAraNi ullasai, :- dhAraNI aputrI hone se dukhI thI / guru ne use nitya jambU svAmI kA caritra pATha karane ko kahA, jisake phalasvarUpa use putra prApti huI / isakA antima chanda udAharaNArtha prastuta hai : 'prabhava svAmI pAMca sii naI, mAyatAya melI karai, sukha saMjama sahitA bAMdu kAja saMghalA jima sarai // 37 // * vimaladharma ke kisI ziSya ne 'jIrAulIpArzvanAthavinati' (gAthA 18) aura 'mahAvIra vInatI' ( 14 kar3I ) nAmaka racanAyeM saM0 1520 meM likhIM / kavi ne racanA samaya kA ullekha svayaM kiyA hai, yathA : 'saMvata panara vIsotaraio, jeThaha sudi dasami ucchava karai o, je naranArI nita bhaNai o, navanidhi ghari vilasai tIha taNai o / " ajJAta kavi kRta 'udayacUlA mahattarAbhAsa' nAmaka racanA jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya (saM0 muni jinavijaya ) meM saMkalita hai / sampAdaka mahodaya ne usake racanAkAra aura racanAkAla kA vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| zrI lakSmIsAgara sUri ne udayacUlA ko mahattarApada pradAna kiyA thA / inake pitA kA nAma karmasI aura mAtA kA karamAde thA / Apa zivacUlA kI paTTadhara thIM / Apake bhASaNa kalA kI bar3I prasiddhi thI / kahA gayA hai 1. zrI desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0 - bhAga 3, pR0 602 2 . vahI 3. vahI pR0 623-24 pR0 553

Page #582
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 565 'tuha vANI abhinavI sUkhaDI, suNI nIgamai bhaviyaNa bhuukhdd'ii|' udayacUlA kA varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai : 'kadalI dala komala amala kAya, sAmiNi guNa gAIM sura nikAya, pAlai sayala a jIva nikAya, jANo UpanI abhinavI bhuvanamAya / isakI antima tIna paMktiyA~ isa prakAra hai :'navi mAMgauM rAja navi amaravAsa; dejyo dejyo nia payakamala vAsa, je bhaNaia bhaNAvai o saMjhAya te thAi sivanagarI nA raay| siri mahattarA udayacUla mahimapUra, jayau jayau jAMjagita pai sUra / isI saMkalana meM ajJAta kavi kRta 'guNanidhAnasUri stuti' nAmaka racanA bhI saMkalita hai| guNanidhAna AMcalagaccha ke 62 veM paTTadhara the| ApakA janma pATaNa ke zrImAlI nagarAja seTha kI patnI lIlA kI kukSi se saM0 1548 meM huA thaa| ApakA janma nAma sonapAla thaa| siddhAntasAgara ne saM0 1552 meM dIkSita kiyA, vidyAbhyAsa karAyA aura saM0 1565 meM bhAvasAgarasUri ne inheM sUri pada pradAna kiyaa| saM0 1584 meM mahotsava pUrvaka inheM gaccha nAyaka pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| isI avasara para yA isI ke AsapAsa inake kisI ziSya ne yaha stuti likhI hogii| devasAgara racita vyutpattiratnAkara kI prazasti se patA calatA hai ki saM0 1601 meM ApakA nirvANa huaa| siddhAntasAgara 60 veM aura bhAvasAgara isa gaccha ke 61 veM paTTadhara the| bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha stuti ullekhanIya haiN| isameM saMskRta, apabhraMza aura khar3I bolI ke prayoga mile-jule milate haiN| apabhraMza kA yaha chanda dekhiye : 'A gayA tattha siddhAntasAyara guru, viharamANa jaNAnandaNe suratara, seNIu mehakumaravvajiNa aggae, taM kumAra guruNaM tahAM appe| isameM 'A gayA' spaSTa khar3I bolI kI kriyA hai| zeSa pada apabhraMza garbhita hai / isakA antima chanda nimnAMkita hai :1. jaina aitihAsika gu0 kAvya saMcaya pR0 222 2. vahI 3. vahI

Page #583
566 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 'iya aisaya bhAjana siri jina zAsana kAnana paMcAnana pavarU; vivuhAvali bohaNa guNamaNi rohaNa, guNa nidhAnaguru jayauciru / / isa stuti meM siddhAntasAgara aura bhAvasAgara ke sambandha meM aitihAsika mahatva kI sUcanAyeM dI gaI haiM ataH yaha tIna gacchanAyakoM kA itihAsa batAne vAlI mahatvapUrNa stuti hai| isake anusAra siddhAnta sAgara kA janma saM0 1506 meM haa| inake pitA pATaNa bAsI sonI jAvar3a the| mAtA kA nAma pUrala de thA / inakI dIkSA saM0 1512 aura inheM AcArya pada saM0 1541 tathA gacchanAyaka pada saM0 1542 meM prApta huaa| saM0 1560 meM ApakA tirodhAna huaa| ___ bhAvasAgarasUri mAravAr3a ke narasANI grAmavAsI vorAsAMgA kI patnI siMgAra de kI kukSi se saM0 1510 meM paidA huye / janma nAma bhAvar3a thA / saM0 1520 meM jayakesara sUri dvArA dIkSita hue| saM0 1560 meM AcArya evaM gacchapati pada prApta haa| ApakA svargavAsa saM0 1583 meM huaa| isa kRti kA prArambha ina paMktiyoM se huA hai :'thAMbhapuru sAra kA sAra haMsobama, namavi siripAla jiNamapalamuttamatamaM, sakala suriMda samudAya sohAkaraM thuNisu guNanAyagaM guNanihANaMguru / ai0 0 kAvya saMgraha meM saMkalita 16 vIM zatAbdI kI kucha anya ullekhanIya racanAyeM haiM 'kIrtiratna sUri caupai', kSemahaMsa kRta gurvAvalI, jinahaMsa sUri gIta Adi / inameM se do racanAyeM to aitihAsika itivRtta se sambandhita haiM / kSemahaMsa kI gUrvAvalI meM kharataragaccha kI guru paramparA dI gaI hai| ina kRtiyoM kA aitihAsika sUcanAoM kI daSTi se kucha mahatva bhale ho kintu bhASA vikAsa aura kAvya saundarya kI dRSTi se inakI koI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nahIM hai / kIrtiratnasUri ke sambandha meM jayakIti, abhaya vilAsa aura sumatiraMga ne bhI gIta likhe haiN| 'zrI kIrtiratnasUri phAgu' ke lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai| kIrtiratnasUri se sambandhita anya gItoM kA yathAsthAna ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| kIrtiratnasUri ca upai ke lekhaka kalyANacandra ke sAtha isakA vivaraNa diyA jA cukA hai| 1. jai0 ai0 gu0 kA0 saMcaya pR0 223 2. vahI

Page #584
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 567 ajJAta ( keharU ? ) kRta 'zrI jinabhaTTasUri paTTe jina candrasUri gItama' do gAthAoM kI laghu racanA hai jo malhAra rAga meM nibaddha haiN| zrI jinacandasUri kA AcArya pada sthApana saM0 1514 meM huA thA aura saM0 1530 meM svargavAsa haA, ataH yaha gIta isI avadhi meM kisI samaya likhA gayA hogaa| isakI bhASA kA namUnA dene lie isakI kucha paMktiyA~ prastuta hai : -- 'kuMjara mayaNa namavi maccharu kari, hari haru brahma nayahu jANI, mUrikha virahiNi bahu sotA paNuM paMca bAgana namani aannii| rati anai prIti dibasi vidhivataNu, kavaNa kumati tuva vidhi ruThau, bhujai suDi daNDu daMtUsali muni keharu jaba diThi dIThau / ' ina paMktiyoM meM AyA pada 'munikeharu' racanAkAra kA nAma bhI ho sakatA hai, parantu keharu muni kA koI anya vivaraNa nahIM mila sakA ataH yaha nizcaya nahIM ki ye kauna lekhaka the| ajJAta kavi kRta rayaNAvalI ( 33 gAthA ) saM0 1520 kI racanA hai| isakI samApti para sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki yaha kRti sudhAnandana gaNi ke ziSya dvArA likhI gaI hai / isakA antima chanda isa prakAra hai : 'cyAri ratanAvali guNadhAra, pATasUtra muktAphala hAra, sarala kaMThi niyahiyaDai dharau, mugati ramaNi saMivari tumhi varau / '' ajJAta kavi kRta 'prabhavajambUsvAmibeli' saM0 1549 meM likhI gii| isakA Adi chanda nimnAMkita hai :-- 'karajor3I prabhavu bhaNai jambukumara avadhAri, viSaya saukhya bhogavi bhalAM, raMgii paMca prakAri / ' anta 'kaNaya nivANUM koDi tyaji navaparaNita aTunAri, prabhavAsiuM jambUkumara, jutU saMjama bhAri kSipIya karama naI lIlA pAMmI, bhugati ramaNI varanAri / ' kisI ajJAta kavi kRta 'hemavimalasUrivivAhalu' (padya 71 ) kI sUcanA zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA jI ne jaina marugurjara kavi aura unakI racanAyeM 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai* ma0 gu0 kavi pR0 117.118 2. vahI 3. vahI pR0 132

Page #585
568 maru gurjara jana sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 1 ke pR0 135 para diyA hai kintu prati ke truTita hone ke kAraNa isakA pUrNa pATha aura vivaraNa spaSTa prApta nahIM ho sakA hai| __ajJAta kavi kRta paraniMdAcaupai (padya 175 ) saM0 1558 meM likhI eka manoraMjaka kRti hai / isakA maMgalAcaraNa dekhiye 'devi sarasvatI paya paNamevi, manasiuM zivanAyaka samarevi, kahaM kathA caupaI prabandha, para niMdA Upari sambandha / paNDita dharmI vinaya viveka, nIma nipuNa AcAra aneka / tapasI dAnI e kahai loka, niMdA karai tu guNa savi phoka / isameM se eka phoka zabda nikAla dene para yaha hindI kI racanA jJAta hotI hai| bhASA meM adhika pArthakya aba bhI nahIM pratIta hotaa| isa taraha kI hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kI milI-julI kAvya bhASA ko marugurjara yA purAnI hindI kahanA hI samIcIna hai| isakA antima do chanda namUne ke rUpa meM prastuta hai :-- 'para niMdaka nai naraka nivAsa, Apa niMdaka nai ziva sukhavAsa, dukha mandira paraniMdA pApa, sukhamandira niMdA ApAda / ' isakA racanA kAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai :-- 'kalA kumudanI vachara veda, sUdiyA somAsara tasUrida / nAga paNDava saMkhyAi tithivAra, dhuridina Arambha pUrNa vicAra / niMdAnA avaguNa jetalA, mai navi kahivAI tetalA / prabandha sAMbhalayAM taNu pramANa, niMdA moku tumheM sujANa / ' ajJAta kavi kRti 'munipatirAjaRSicaritra'' yaha, kAphI bar3I racanA hai / isakA racanAkAla bhinna bhinna pratiyoM meM alaga-alaga prakAra se varNita hai / kahIM saMvata panara paMcAso' aura kahIM 'saMvata cauda paccAsIi' milane se zatAbdI kA antara par3a jAtA hai ataH isakA bivaraNa anirNIta samajha kara chor3A jA rahA hai| ajJAtakavi kRta 'maMdodarI saMvAda' saM0 1565 meM likhI gaI kRti hai| isa prakAra kI aneka racanAyeM ajJAta kaviyoM kI haiM jinapara zodha honA apekSita hai jisase ina racanAoM tathA inake racanAkAroM para prakAza par3a sake / inameM kucha racanAyeM mahattvapUrNa haiN| 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-jai. ga0 ma0 kavi bhAga 1, pR0 138 2. zrI desAI-jai0 gu0 ka0-bhAga 1, pR0 90 3. vahI, pR0 112

Page #586
569 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya isa zatAbdI meM vallabha sampradAya ke udaya aura pracAra ke bAda kaI jaina kaviyoM ne neminAtha aura sthUlabhadra ke rasika caritroM ko lekara aneka sarasa kAvyakRtiyA~ prastuta kI, inameM neminAtha para AdhArita lAvaNyasamaya kRta vividha chaMda yukta kRti 'raMgaratnAkara neminAtha prabandha' saM0 1564 aura sthUlibhadra para AdhArita sahajasundara kRta nAnAchandoM meM nivaddha kRti 'guNa ratnakAra chaMda, saM0 1572 kA ullekha yathAsthAna ho cukA hai| somasundara sUri kI ziSya paramparA meM ratnamaMDana gaNi, dhanadeva gaNi aura svayam somasundara sUri ne isa prakAra ke rasika kAvya kI racanA kI aura anya kaviyoM ko prerita kiyaa| lAvaNyasamaya kRta 'neminAtha hamacaDI' 'sthUlibhadra ekavIso Adi isI prakAra kI racanAyeM haiN| puNyaratna ne neminAtha yAdavarAsa, padmasAgara ne sthUlibhadra aNavIso, zubhavardhana ziSya kRta sthUlibhadrarAsa aura budharAja kRta madanarAsa isI preraNA se prasUta prastutiyA~ haiN| isa zatI meM jainadarzana, parva aura tIrthoM para bhI aneka sundara racanAyeM kI gaI jaise candralAbha kRta catuHparvI rAsa, dharmasamudra kRta rAtribhojanatyAga, gajalAbha kRta bAravrata cau0 aura pArvacandra sUri kI ArAdhanA para AdhArita aneka racanAyeM isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya haiN| ____ loka sAhitya-16vIM zatAbdI meM prabhUta loka sAhitya racA gayA / inake lekhakoM meM jaina evaM jainetara vidvAn bhI haiN| ina lokapriya racanAoM meM jainatIrthaGkara, jainatIrtha aura vikramAditya jaise mahArAjA aura mahApuruSoM kA itivRtta aMkita kiyA gayA hai / jinahara kRta vikramapaMcadaNDa rAsa, rAjazIla kRta vikramAdityakhAparA rAsa, udayabhAnu kRta vikramasena rAsa, Adi kaI racanAyeM vikramAditya ke caritra para AdhArita haiM aura unake lokapriyatA kI sUcanA detI haiN| isI prakAra kar3avA aura padmasAgara kI lIlAvatI, sumativilAsa rAsa nAmaka racanAyeM paryApta lokapriya kathAoM para AdhArita haiN| aitihAsika prabandha racanA kA prArambha A0 hemacaMdra kRta dvayAzraya kAvya ke sAtha hI zurU ho gayA thA ata. zrI desAI jI aisI racanAoM kA prArambha. kartA zrI zAmalabhaTTa ko mAnanA ucita nahIM smjhte| ina racanAoM meM jaina lekhaka apane AcAryoM, mahApuruSoM, maMdiroM, tIrthoM Adi kA itihAsa padyabaddha karate the jaise jaMbUsvAmI rAsa, sahajasundara kRta jaMbuataMraMgarAsa, dharmadeva kRta vajrasvAmI rAsa, haMsadhIra kRta hemavimala sUri phAgu, haMsasoma kRta

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570 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pUrvadeza caitya rAsa, khImAkRta zatrujaya caitya paripATI, pArzvacandra kRta vastu. pAla tejapAla rAsa aura vAsaNa kRta AnandavimalasUri rAsa Adi / ___isa zatAbdI meM kaI uttama anuvAda bhI kie gaye jaise vilhaNa kI paMcAzikA kA jJAnAcArya kRta anuvAda ityAdi / jainetara kavi-naMdavatrIsI ke lekhaka narapati aura dAmodara, vIrasiMha, dalha evaM gaNapati Adi kI carcA yathAsthAna ho cakI hai| jainetara gurjara kaviyoM meM isa zatAbdI ke sarva prasiddha vyakti narasiMha mehatA mAne jAte haiN| aneka vidvAna unheM gurjara sAhitya kA AdyakartA bhI mAnate haiN| unakA racanAkAla saM0 1512 se saM0 1537 taka thaa| cUMki ve jaina lekhaka nahIM haiM valki vaiSNavabhakta haiM ataH unakA vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai| inake alAvA isa kAla ke kaviyoM meM bhAlaNa, kezava, bhIma Adi jainetara kavi bhI ullekhanIya haiN| zvetAmvara jaina kaviyoM ne prAyaH kAvyaracanA marugurjara meM kiyA kintu digambara kaviyoM kA jhukAva hindI kI aura adhika thaa| vaise 16vIM zatAbdI taka jisa prakAra rAjasthAnI ora gujarAtI meM samAnatA thI usI taraha hindI aura rAjasthAnI meM bhI kAphI sAdRzya thaa|'' rAjasthAna ke bAgar3a pradeza aura gujarAta meM digambara bhaTTArakoM kI gAdiyA~ thiiN| ina bhaTTArakoM aura unake brahmacArI ziSyoM dvArA lokabhASA meM vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA gayA, jinameM bha0 sakalakIrti aura brahmajinadAsa Adi kA paricaya diyA jA cakA hai| inakI bhASA meM hindI prayoga bahatAyata se pAye jAte haiN| marugurjara meM likhita sAhitya kI bhASAzailI bhI spaSTatayA do prakAra kI hai / carcarI, phAgu Adi lokasAhitya kI racanAyeM jo janasAmAnya dvArA gAI jAtI thIM ve bolacAla kI bhASA ke adhika nikaTa haiM kintu stavana, stotra Adi pUjApATha kA sAhitya prAyaH pariniSThita aura apabhraMza gabhita zailI meM likhA gayA hai / lokagIta prArambha meM maukhika rUpa se hI pracalita the, bAda meM jainakaviyoM ne zRgAra kI pRSThabhUmi para zAntarasa kA prabhAvazAlI citra loka sAhitya ke mAdhyama se aMkita kiyaa| sirithUlibhadra phAgu, carcarI Adi isa koTi kI prArambhika racanAyeM haiN| jaina sAhitya meM jana sAmAnya ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gyaa| janasAdhAraNa kI bhASA ko kAvya kA mAdhyama banAyA gayA kintu isIlie hama ise usI artha meM janasAhitya nahIM kaha sakate jisa artha meM Aja isa zabda kA 1. zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA-'paramparA' pR0 67

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maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya 571 prayoga hotA hai / jaina sAhitya mUlataH nivRttipradhAna hai ataH pravRttimUlaka gRhastha jIvana kA yaha Adarza bhale ho kintu sampUrNa yathArthaM nahIM ho sakatA / phira bhI isa sAhitya meM prApta janasAmAnya ke lie naitika caritra aura saMyamita jIvanacaryA kA saMdeza Aja ke yuga meM pahale se bhI adhika prAsaMgika ho gayA hai / yadi prAsaMgikatA ko kAvya kI kasauTI mAnA jAya to marugurjara jaina sAhitya kI prAsaMgikatA para kisI yuga meM praznacihna nahIM laga sakatA / bhaktikAla ke aneka madhura sampradAyoM kA sAhitya kabhI bemAnI bha ho jAya kintu isI kAla meM likhA gayA jainasAhitya sadaiva preraNA kA srota banA rahegA aura manuSya ko uccatara jIvana kI ora agrasara karatA rahegA /

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adhyAya 6 maru-gurjara jaina gadya-sAhitya sAmAjika prANI ko jIvana kI surakSA kA dhyAna sarvaprathama hotA hai| usakI sabase prabala icchA 'jIne kI icchA' hai / isI jijIviSA ke calate manuSya ko samAja kA saMgaThana aura bhASA kA AviSkAra karanA pdd'aa| vidvAnoM ne bhASA kI aneka paribhASAyeM dI haiM kintu sabhI isase sahamata haiM ki 'mAnavIya vANI dvArA mAnavIya bhAvoM kI sAbhiprAya evaM spaSTa abhivyakti hI bhASA hai| bhASA kA varadAna milane ke bAda manuSya ne apanI sampUrNa vyAvahArika AvazyakatAoM kI abhivyakti ke lie gadya ko mAdhyama banAyA / gadya kA artha hI hai 'kahI jAne vAlI bAta' / ataH mAnava jIvana ke vyavahAra meM gadya kA maukhika prayoga padya kI apekSA ati prAcIna hai, kintu pratyeka bhASA ke sAhitya meM likhita gadya kA itihAsa padya ke pazcAt prApta hotA hai / jaba chApekhAnoM kI suvidhA nahIM thI aura sAhitya ko kaMThastha karane kI vivazatA thI taba tuka, chaMda, laya Adi ke kAraNa gadya kI apekSA padya ko smaraNa rakhanA avazya hI AsAna rahA hogA, lekina vijJAna, samAjazAstra, rAjanIti, vidhi aura cikitsAzAstra jaise anekAneka viSayoM kI zikSA padya meM nahIM dI jA sakatI thI aura na pratyeka vyakti kavitA meM ciTTIpatrI likha sakatA thaa| sabhI vyakti kavitA samajha bhI nahIM sakate, usako samajhAne ke lie bhI gadyAtmaka TIkAoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, isalie kucha dera-sabera sAhitya meM bhI gadya kA prArambha ho hI jAtA hai| ataH gadya sAhitya kA itihAsa bhI kAphI prAcIna hai| kisI deza ke bauddhika evaM vaijJAnika utkarSa kI parakha ke lie gadyasAhitya kA avalokana Avazyaka hotA hai| kavitA ke dvArA yadi hama kisI samAja ke hRdaya kA paryavekSaNa karate haiM to usakI bhautika unnati, laukika rItinIti Adi kA paricaya usake gadya dvArA hI prApta kara pAte haiM / vyAvahArika gadya ke alAvA lalita gadya meM lekhaka kI pratibhA, kalpanA aura 1. Language may be defined as the articulate expression of human thought by means of human speech-N. B. Divetia "Gujarati Language and Literature, vol II, p. 1

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573 maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya sarjanazIlatA kI adhika parakha ho sakatI hai, zAyada isIlie 'gadyaM kavInAM nikaSa vadanti' kahA gayA hai| hamAre deza meM gadya kI prAcIna aura aTUTa paramparA saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza se hotI huI Adhunika dezyabhASAoM taka pravAhita hotI AI hai| ataH marugurjara gadyasAhitya ke itihAsa kI pUrvapIThikA ke rUpa meM prAcIna gadya sAhitya kA eka vihaMgama citra prastuta karanA samIcIna hogaa| saMskRta bhASA meM gadya kA prAcInatama prayoga yajurveda kI taittirIya tathA maitrAyaNI saMhitAoM meM milatA hai| atharvaveda ke chaThe bhAga meM bhI gadya kA prayoga huA hai| brAhmaNa granthoM aura upaniSadoM meM gadya kA bAhulya hai| mahAbhASya ke racayitA maharSi pataMjali, mImAMsaka zabarasvAmI, nyAyadarzana ke AcArya jayantabhaTTa tathA advaitavAda ke pravartaka Adya zaMkarAcArya ne bhI saMskRta gadya kA puSTa prayoga kiyA hai| sUtrakAla ke sabhI vivecanAparaka zAstra gadya meM hI likhe gaye haiN| jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM bhI prAcInakAla se hI gadya kA prayoga hotA rahA hai| ina dharmoM ke AcAryoM ne prAkRta, pAlI aura saMskRta meM pracura gadya sAhitya likhA hai| guptakAla ke pUrva se hI bauddha evaM jaina paMDitoM ne dArzanika vicAroM kI vyanjanA ke lie saMskRta gadya kA prayoga prArambha kara diyA thaa| navIM aura dazavIM zatAbdI ke bAda prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM likhA gadya kama upalabdha hotA hai jabaki saMskRta gadya meM vividha starIya racanAyeM paryApta mAtrA meM prApta hotI haiN| jainAcAryoM ne terahavIM zatAbdI meM saMskRta gadya meM vividha prabandha (jIvanavRtta) bhI likhe haiN| saMskRta gadya meM vicAraparaka zAstrIya gadyagranthoM ke atirikta alaMkRta gadya bhI pracura parimANa meM likhA gayA / alaMkRta gadya ke prAcIna namUne mahAkSatrapa, rudradAmA aura samudragupta kI gadyaprazastiyoM meM milate haiN| saMskRta kI kathAyeM aura AkhyAyikAyeM alaMkRta gadya kI pratinidhi racanAyeM haiM / aneka jainAcArya saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn the aura unhoMne prAkRta kI gUr3ha aura kliSTa racanAoM ko samajhAne lie saMskRta gadya kA sahArA liyA aura saMskRta meM prabhUta gadya sAhitya likhaa| prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM bhI pracura kathAsAhitya likhA gyaa| kintu vaha adhikatara padya meM likhA gyaa| isakA yaha artha kadApi na lagAyA jAya ki ina bhASAoM meM gadya likhA hI nahIM gyaa| sarvaprathama prAkRta gadya hameM jainAgama sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama evaM dUsare zruta

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574 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa skaMdha adhikAMzataH gadya meM hI likhe gye| sUtrakRtAMga meM yadyapi padyabhAga adhika hai, kintu zeSa aMgaAgama sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI ( vyAkhyA prajJapti ), jJAtA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazAGga, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka aura isI prakAra upAMga sAhitya ke lagabhaga sabhI graMtha prAkRta gadya meM hI haiN| cAra chedasUtra, anuyogadvAra, Avazyaka Adi prAkRta gadya kI hI racanAyeM haiN| yaha gadya sAhitya I0 pU0 pAMcavI zatI se IsA kI pAMcavI zatI taka lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM likhA gyaa| saca to yaha hai ki prAkRta meM jo gadya sAhitya milatA hai vaha prAyaH jaina paramparA meM hI milatA hai| anyatra jo atyalpa gadya sAhitya milatA hai vaha aisI kRtrima bhASA zailI meM likhA gayA hai ki use prAmANika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| prAkRta gadya kA prayoga striyoM aura sAmAnyajanoM ke saMvAda ke lie saMskRta nATakoM meM bhI yatratatra milatA hai| ina nATakoM meM prayukta bhASA Age kramazaH kRtrima hotI gaI, sAtha hI yaha rUr3hi bana gaI ki striyA~ aura vidUSaka zaurasenI prAkRta tathA nimnavargIya pAtra mAgadhI kA prayoga kreN| saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM vipUla jaina Agamika vyAkhyAtmaka gadya sAhitya lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI meM caNiyoM ke rUpa meM likhA gyaa| gadyasAhitya kA sarvAdhika sRjana jaina mahArASTrI aura jaina zaurasenI prAkRta meM kramazaH zvetAmbara aura digambara jainAcAryoM dvArA kiyA gyaa| inameM jainasiddhAMta evaM vyAkhyA grantha paryApta mAtrA meM likhe gye| mahArASTrI prAkRta meM padya kI aura zaurasenI meM gadyasAhitya kI mAtrA adhika pAI jAtI hai| prAkRta ke tatkAlIna sAhityika gadya kA svarUpa kathA-AkhyAyikAoM meM adhika pAyA jAtA hai| bhAmaha ne AkhyAyikA ko 'lalita kathAyukta manohara gadya' hai| kathA ke lie chanda kA bandhana anivArya nahIM thaa| daNDI ne kathA aura AkhyAyikA ko mUlataH eka hI prakAra kI racanA batAyA hai / 'bRhatkathA' prAkRta kI prasiddha racanA hai kintu yaha nahIM patA kI vaha gadyabaddha hai athavA padyabaddha / ____lIlAvaikahA ( 8vIM zatI) ke lekhaka kouhala ( kautUhala ) ne ise 'divyamAnuSI' kahA hai isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki usa samaya mAnuSI, divya aura divyamAnuSI nAmaka tIna kathA-prakAra pracalita rahe hoNge| lIlAvaikahA meM prayukta gadya dvArA prAkRta meM likhita kathAoM kI gadyazailI kA anumAna sugama hogA, ataH usakA eka gadyAMza avatarita kiyA jA rahA hai :

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maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 575 "suhAvagAha Nimmala jlaaso| taruNa tarujANariddhi rmnniio| kamala sara saMDa maMDiyAsA muhii| sussAya phala bharoNamiya vacchapalA vAsiya pahiya jaNa samAulo / savvovasAga bhaya rhio| cAuvaNNa smaautto|"1 ___ zuddha gadya meM likhI prAkRta kI racanA 'vasudevahiNDI' se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki prAkRta meM gadyabaddha kathAyeM avazya likhI jAtI rahI hogii| isameM vasudeva ke pravAsa kI kathA hai / isa kathA zailI para bAda meM aneka kathA grantha likhe gaye jaise pAdaliptAcArya kRta taraMgavatIkahA, haribhadrasUri kRta samarAiccakahA Adi, kintu inameM adhikatara padya kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| prAkRta-apabhraMza meM likhita aneka choTI-moTI rocaka kathAoM ke pramANa milate haiM / aisI kucha racanAoM kI sUcanA uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM pAI jAtI haiM / udyotanasUri kRta 'kuvalayamAlAkathA (saM0 835 ) aisI hI eka prasiddha kathAkRti hai| namUne ke rUpa meM isakA eka udAharaNa nimnAMkita hai : 'sayalaM puhuimaMDalaM paribhamiUNa saMpatto mahurAurIe / ettha evakammi aNAhamamaMDave pvittvo| aviyatattha tAva miliyAlae koDDhIe, valakkha khiye| dINa duggaya / andhalaya / paMgulaya / mNduly| maDahaya / vAmaNaya / chiNNaNAsaya toDiya knnnny|" isa racanA meM tatkAlIna bolacAla kI bhASA ke bhI namUne milate haiN| ataH yaha tatkAlIna gadya bhASA kA prAmANika udAharaNa hai| jahA~ taka apabhraMza kA prazna hai, isameM gadya apekSAkRta kama likhA gayA kyoMki gadya meM prAyaH bolacAla kI jana-sAmAnya bhASA kA hI prayoga hotA hai aura apabhraMza 12 vIM zatAbdI taka janatA ke bolacAla kI bhASA nahIM raha gaI thI ataH apabhraMza meM gadya kA kama likhA jAnA svAbhAvika hI hai| DaoN0 TesITorI kI sAkSI para zrI diveTiyA kA mata hai ki 11vIM zatI ke parvArddha se hI apabhraMza kA yuga samApta samajhanA cAhiye / AcArya hemacandra ne jaba apabhraMza kA dhyAkaraNa likhA taba vaha janatA ke bolacAla kI bhASA nahIM raha gaI thii| 1. zrI harimohana zrIvAstava-madhyakAlIna hindI gadya pR0 23 2. A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI-hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla pR0 20 para uddhata 3. We may safely put up the limit a little later than Dr. Tessitory puts it, and say the first half of the Eleventh century said the extinction of Apabhramsa of Hemchandra's Grammar. -N. B. Divatia-History of Gujarati Language and Literature Vol. II, Page 2.

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576 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ataH isameM padya sAhitya apekSAkRta adhika likhA gyaa| isI samaya apabhraMzoM se Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kA prAdurbhAva prArambha ho gayA thA / kavijana ina navodita dezyabhASAoM kA bhI prayoga karane lage the| isalie kucha kAla taka saMkramaNa kAlIna bhASA prayoga kA pracalana sAhitya meM milatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki eka hI racanA kI bhASA ko kabhI apabhraMzaavahaTTa, kabhI purAnI hindI-marugurjara yA junI gujarAtI athavA prAcIna rAjasthAnI batAyA gayA hai| saca pUchA jAya to 12 vIM zatI se 15 vIM zatI taka kI gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura hindI meM koI bar3A bhASA vaijJAnika antara nahIM dikhAI detaa| eka hI prakAra kI bhASA rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura mAlavA taka sAhitya meM vyavahRta ho rahI thii| isake lie 'dezya bhASA' sambodhana kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA aura use hI yahA~ marugurjara yA purAnI hindI kahA gayA hai| yahI dezya bhASA yA uttarakAlIna avahaTTa athavA purAnI hindI yA marugurjara janatA ke bolacAla meM pracalita thii| ataH isameM gadya sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM likhA gyaa| ___ apabhraMza ke gadya aura padya kI bhASA meM spaSTa antara milatA hai| padya bhASA kA AdhAra tadbhava aura dezaja zabda hai jabaki gadya meM tatsama zabdoM ke prayoga kI pravRtti spaSTa dikhAI par3atI hai| 12 vIM zatAbdI ke bolacAla kI bhASA kA sabase adhika prAmANika rUpa dAmodara kRta 'ukti vyakti prakaraNa' meM prApta hotA hai| dAmodara bhaTTa kAzI-kAnyakubja nareza govindacandra gAhar3avAla kI tIsarI rAnI jo jainamatAvalambinI thI, ke Azrita the| isa racanA meM loka pralacita bhASA ke udAharaNa upalabdha haiN| 'ukti' kA artha hotA hai 'loka pracalita bhASA-paddhati' aura vyakti kA artha hotA hai 'spaSTIkaraNa', arthAt lokajIvana meM vyavahRta bhASA kI vivecanA hI isa grantha kA lakSya hai / DaoN0 sunIti kumAra ne isakI bhASA ko kosalI yA pUrvI hindI batAyA hai kintu yaha grantha 12 zatAbdI ke janamAnasa meM apabhraMza se dezya bhASAoM ke janma lene kI prakriyA kA saccA pratibimba hai| isa paramparA meM Age cala kara aneka 'ukti' grantha likhe gaye jinameM saM0 1450 meM likhA 'mugdhAvabodha auktika' saMkramaNa kAlIna bhASA ke antima mIla kA patthara hai| isake atirikta sAdhusundara gaNi kRta 'ukti ratnAkara' aura ukti vyakti kI vyAkhyA meM likhita 'ukti vyakti vivRtti' isa prakAra kI anya ullekhanIya racanAyeM haiN| roDakRta rAuravela bhI bolacAla (auktika) kI bhASA meM racita kosalI kI mahatvapUrNa padyAtmaka kRti hai jisake bIca

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37 maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 577 bIca meM gadya khaNDa upalabdha haiM / isameM tatkAlIna pracalita sAta boliyoM ke namUne milate haiM / navodita dezyabhASAoM meM pUrva meM mithilA se lekara pazcima meM gujarAta taka gadya likhA jAne lagA thA / uktivyaktiprakaraNa kI samakAlIna racanA 'varNaratnAkara' maithilI avahaTTa kI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / isake lekhaka jyotirIzvara ThAkura ne sAta kalloloM meM bATa kara nAyaka-nAyikA Rtu, vana Adi kA vizada evaM manorama varNana kiyA hai / mahArASTra meM racita jJAnezvarI gItA kI bhASA meM bhI apabhraMza se navodita marAThI ke prayoga dikhAI par3ate haiM / varNaratnAkara kI zailI meM racita kathAratnAkara, AbhANaka ratnAkara ora baijanAthakalAnidhi Adi anya gadya kRtiyA~ bhI ullekhanIya haiM / kathAratnAkara saM0 1319 meM racita naracandra sUri kI varNanAtmaka racanA hai jo 15 taraMgoM meM vibhakta hai / 'baijanAthakalAnidhi' kI bhASA se anumAna hotA hai ki yaha racanA dakkhiNI gujarAta meM likhI gaI hogI, yathA- 'AtAM : nagara varNana / ATAliyA / apariyA / mAlIyA / gajadvAre / khar3akI dvAre / ... karu Ar3e naDe caukiyA dhavala hAreM vasuAre mAlavadhe koca nibaddhe koThAre 2 koTivA / " I maithilI gadya kI anya racanAoM meM vidyApati ThAkura kRta kIrtilatA aura kIrtipatAkA kA nAma mahattvapUrNa hai / inameM prayukta gadya khaNDoM kI zailI saMskRta kI alaMkRta gadya zailI ke samAna hai jisameM lambe-lambe samAsayukta vAkya aura vizeSaNa para vizeSaNa jar3ane kI pravRtti dikhAI par3atI hai / kahIM kahIM ekAdha kriyA athavA avyaya chor3akara kIrtilatA meM prApta samasta zabdAvalI saMskRta yA tatsama zabdoM se nirmita hai| isakI racanA -paddhati prAkRta ke kathA - AkhyAyikA kI paramparA se sambaddha hai / isa prakAra isakI bhASA-zailI saMskRta se aura saMracanA paddhati prAkRta se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa yaha donoM paramparAoM kI sampadA se sampanna eka uttama kRti hai / isake gadya kA eka namUnA prastuta hai : 'jenhe rAtre atulatara vikrama vikramAditya kareo tulanAo sAhasa sAdhi pAtisAha ArAdhi duSTa kareo dappa cUrao pitRvaira uddhari sAhi karo manoratha pUreo / " 1. hindI sAhitya kA bRhata itihAsa, khaMDa 3 pR0 453 ( nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI) 2. vidyApati - kIrtilatA pR0 14

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578 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa kIrtilatA ke chandoM ke bIca bIca meM isI prakAra ke gadya khaNDa prApta hote haiM / vidyApati ne ise 'puruSa kAhANI hauM kaha' kAhANI kahA hai / isase patA calatA hai ki usa samaya taka gadya meM kathA AkhyAyikA ke lie kAhANI zabda kA prayoga pracalita ho cukA thaa| isake dvArA paravartI kahAnI aura gadya kA prArambhika sUtra milatA hai| zalAkApuruSoM ke guNAnuvAda karane vAle caritakAvyoM kI aneka vizeSatAyeM kItilatA meM milatI haiN| tatkAlIna madhyadeza kI ziSTa bhASA ke rUpa meM dillI kI kauravI yA khar3I bolI kA pracAra uttara bhArata se lekara dakkana taka ho rahA thaa| dakkana meM ise 'dakkhinI' ke nAma se pukArA jAne lagA thaa| griyarzana ne ise mUlataH gaGgA ke UparI dvAbe, meraTha aura pazcimI ruhelakhaNDa kI TheTha bolI batAyA hai| isa prakAra madhyadeza aura dillI kI bolI hone ke kAraNa isakA bolacAla, vyApAra-vyavahAra kI bhASA ke rUpa meM vyApaka pracalana ho gayA thaa| bolacAla kI bhASA hone ke kAraNa yaha gadya ke lie adhika upayukta thii| isIlie anya samakAlIna dezya bhASA-boliyoM kI apekSA isameM gadya kA vikAsa pahale huaa| isake prAcIna prayoga uktivyaktiprakaraNa, varNaratnAkara Adi meM milate haiN| nAthapaMthiyoM kI racanAoM se aneka udAharaNa die jA sakate haiN| gorakhanAtha, carapaTanAtha, cauraGgInAtha Adi kI racanAoM meM khar3I bolI ke paryApta prayoga prApta haiN| siddha sAhitya meM khar3I bolI ke prayoga apekSAkRta kama milate haiM kintu unakA nitAnta abhAva nahIM hai| parabatasiddha kRta 'bhUgola purANa' ke sambandha meM A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI kA mata hai ki yaha racanA 14 vIM zatI se kucha pUrva kI hogii| isakI bhASA meM khar3I bolI kA prArambhika prayoga dekhiye :_ 'sumeru parvata Upari cAri dizA cAri puriyA hai| kauNa kauNa purI ka uNa kauNa dizA hai / pUrva dizA Agai Upari pRthvI Upari caubIsa sahasra jojana amritaparI UcI hai| tahAM rAjA indra rAja karatA hai|2|| bolacAla kI bhASA ke rUpa meM khar3I bolI 'dakkhinI' ke nAma se barAra, haidarAbAda, mahArASTra aura maisUra Adi pradezoM meM 13 vIM zatAbdI se hI pracalita ho rahI thii| ina pradezoM ke prAcIna rAjyoM cAlukya, yAdava, bahamanI Adi kA uttara bhArata se ghaniSTha sambandha thA, kintu dakSiNa meM khar3I bolI ke pracAra kA zreya musalamAnoM ke rAjya vistAra evaM prabhAva vistAra ko hai| 1. G. A. Grierson-Linguistic Survey of India, Vol. IX, part I, p. 47 2. nAtha siddhoM kI bAniyAM-pariziSTha pa0 3

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maru-gujara jaina gadya sAhitya 579 mahammada tugalaka ne apanI rAjadhAnI dillI se daulatAbAda banAyA, rAjadhAnI to punaH dillI lauTa AI kintu dillI kI khar3I bolI vahI raha gaI aura isameM 14 vIM zatAbdI se hI gadya-padya kA sAhitya likhA jAne lgaa| isake prathama lekhaka sUphIsaMta gesUdarAja vaMdAnavAja the jinakA janma saM0 1375 meM dillI meM haA thA aura apane pitA ke sAtha ve devagiri jAkara basa gaye the / inakI bhASA meM 14 vIM zatAbdI kI dillI kI bhASA kA pUrA prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai| ApakI tIna pustakeM merAjula AzakIna, hidAyatanAmA aura risAlA-e-bAraha kA ullekha milatA hai| inameM khar3I bolI kA prAcInatama gadya surakSita hai| eka udAharaNa dekhiye'nirguna huA to zaphA pAvegA, tabIba pharamAye tthU paraheja kare to unne vI tabIba hovegaa|' yA 'pIra manA kie to paraheja krnaa|' inameM karanA, hovegA Adi kriyA aura 'una' sarvanAma tathA parasarga 'ne' kA prayoga draSTavya hai| vAkya vizeSaNa aura vizeSya khaMDoM meM baMTe hae haiN| ye lakSaNa praur3ha khar3I bolI gadya ke 'merAjula AzakIna' meM upalabdha haiN| ina lekhakoM ne hindIpana kA barAbara dhyAna rakhA aura pustakoM kA nAma bhI naurasa, savarasa, nehadarpana, dIpaka pataMga Adi rakhA hai / vajahI ina lekhakoM meM paryApta prasiddha haiN| khar3I bolI ke sAtha hI zaurasenI apabhraMza se utpanna vrajabhASA vrajakSetra kI lokabhASA ke rUpa meM 13 vIM zatI se hI prayukta hone lagI thii| bhakti Andolana ke phalasvarUpa dhArmika prabhAva aura apane svAbhAvika mAdhurya ke kAraNa yaha zIghra hI vistRta kSetra kI kAvyabhASA bana gii| yaha satya hai ki isameM padya adhika likhA gayA kintu gadyaracanAoM kA bhI pUrNatayA abhAva nahIM hai| vraja bhASA gadya ke chiTapuTa prayoga to nAthapaMthiyoM kI racanAoM se hI Dhar3he jA sakate haiM / vastutaH prAcIna racanAoM jaise uktivyaktiprakaraNa, prAkRta paiGgalama Adi meM khar3I bolI, brajabhASA, rAjasthAnI, avadhI aura gujarAtI taka ke bIja milate haiM / ataH inameM brajabhASA ke prayoga bhI prApta hote haiM, kintu usake bAda prAyaH do sau varSoM taka vrajabhASA gadya kA koI prAmANika udAharaNa nahIM miltaa| usa samaya isa dAyitva kA nirvAha zaurasenI kI jeThI biTiyA rAjasthAnI yA marugUrjara ne uttamaDhaMga se sampanna kiyaa| isalie isameM prAcIna gadya ke pracura udAharaNa prApta hote haiM jinakA vivaraNa prastuta karanA hI abhISTa hai| vastutaH vrajabhASA gadya kA vikAsa puSTi sampradAya ke AcAryoM dvArA hI saMbhava huA kintu inameM viTThalanAtha ko chor3akara anya AcArya aura unakI racanAyeM hamAre Alocya kAla sImA ke bAda kI haiM / ataH inakA vivaraNa yathAsthAna hI ucita hogaa|

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580 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa marugurjara gadya ke chiTapuTa udAharaNa 13 vIM zatAbdI se hI milane prArambha ho jAte haiN| rAjasthAna meM rAjyAzraya ke kAraNa inakA lekhana aura saMrakSaNa adhika sucAru rUpa se ho sakA aura rAjakIya protsAhana ke kAraNa isakA kramazaH vikAsa hotA gyaa| phalataH gadya-kRtiyA~ nAnA sAhitya rUpoM meM pracura parimANa meM likhI giiN| inakI prAmANika pratiyAM pratyeka zatAbdI. ke pratyeka caraNa kI prApta ho jAtI haiM / inakI avicchinna paramparA 14 vIM zatAbdI se lagAtAra calatI hai aura paravartI dezya bhASAoM ke gadya-sAhitya para isakA bar3A prabhAva par3A hai / adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie isa vistRta sAhitya ko hama do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM-(1) jaina gadya aura (2) jainetara gadya / jainetara gadya sAhitya adhikatara marugurjara kI cAraNa zailI DiMgala meM likhA gayA hai| donoM prakAra kA gadya yadyapi rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM hI likhA gayA hai tathA bhASA bhI marugurjara yA usakI vizeSa zailI hai kintu inameM svabhAvagata pArthakya hai / marugurjara jainasAhitya dharmapradhAna hai kintu cAraNa sAhitya rAjAzrita hone ke kAraNa prAkRta-janoM (rAjAoM, sAmantoM, zrImaMtoM) kA guNAnuvAda karatA hai| pahale meM zAntarasa kI aura dUsare meM zRGgAra athavA vIrarasa kI pradhAnatA hai / marugurjara jaina sAhitya itihAsa kI kasauTI para prAyaH kharA utaratA hai kintu DiMgala sAhitya DIMga aura atiraMjanA ke kAraNa itihAsakAra ko nirAza karatA hai| jaina kavi sAyAsa sAhityika saundarya, alaMkAra, camatkAra, rasAdi kA Ayojana nahIM karatA jabaki cAraNa kavi darabArI manovRtti ke kAraNa zabdADaMbara, alaMkAra-atizayokti Adi kA sAbhiprAya prayoga karate haiN| kula milAkara rAjasthAna aura gujarAta kA marugurjara-gadya sAhitya vividha vidhAtmaka, sampanna, pramANika evaM pracura hai / ___isa vizAla sAhitya meM jainetara gadyakAroM kA aMzadAna prazaMsanIya hai| yaha to pahale bhI kahA jA cukA hai ki rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASAyeM apane zaizavakAla meM eka hI thIM jise DaoN0 TesITorI ne purAnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI nAma diyA thaa| prastuta sandarbha meM use hI marugurjara kahA jA rahA hai| isakA gadya sAhitya do bhASA-rUpoM meM likhA gayA (1) jaina lekhakoM kI svAbhAvikamarugurjara meM aura (2) cAraNoM dvArA gar3hI gaI vizeSa zailI--DiMgala meM / prArambhika gadya sAhitya adhikatara padya-granthoM ke bIca-bIca meM prayukta gadya khaMDoM ke rUpa meM milatA hai jaise kuvalayamAlAkathA, jagatsundarIprayogamAlA, varNa ratnAkara, kIrtilatA aura rAurabela Adi / ajaina gadyasAhitya prAyaH cAraNoM dvArA DiMgala meM likhA gayA hai / DiMgala kAvyabhASA-zailI kA nirmANa pazcimI

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maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 581 rAjasthAnI yA mAravAr3I meM apabhraMza ke mizraNa se kiyA gayA thA / isameM vIrarasa pradhAna kavitA aura gadya likhA jAtA thA / madhura kavitA ke lie pUrvI rAjasthAnI aura vrajabhASA ke saMyoga se eka anya bhASA zailI vikasita huI thI jise piMgala kahate the / ma gurjara meM likhita jainetara gadya racanAoM ke prAcInatama namUne tAmrapatroM, zilAlekhoM aura prAcIna bahIkhAtoM meM milate haiM / zrI mohanalAla viSNulAla paMDyA ne isa prakAra ke kucha paTTa - paravAne kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA dvArA kAphI pahale prakAzita karAye the aura unheM pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke samaya kA batAyA thA kintu rAyabahAdura gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA ne unheM jAlI siddha kara diyA / ataH vivAdAspada hone ke kAraNa unakI carcA yahIM chor3a dI jAtI hai| paTTa e - paravAnoM ke alAvA DiMgala kA gadya sAhitya aneka sAhitya vidhAoM jaise vacanikA, bAta, khyAta, davAveta, vigata, pIr3hI, vaMzAvalI aura silokA Adi rUpoM meM milatA hai / inakA vivaraNa Age diyA jA rahA hai / vacanikA - hindI bhASI kSetra ke pazcima se lekara pUraba taka kI racanAoM arthAt pRthvIrAjarAso aura kIrtilatA Adi sabhI prAcIna kRtiyoM meM vacanikA ke udAharaNa milate haiM / DA0 TesITorI ne vacanikA kI pahacAna batAte hue ise tukAtmaka gadya kahA hai / AcArya bAmana ne bhI aisI racanAoM ko vRttigandhi kI koTi meM rakhA thA arthAt jisameM padya kA AbhAsa ho / ina racanAoM meM antartuka kA prayatna pratyakSa dikhAI par3atA hai / yaha eka vacanikA kI nimna paktiyoM se spaSTa hogA / "dillI rA vAkA ujeNe rA sAkA cyAri juga rahisI kavi bAtakahisI / " zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA ne ise ThIka hI padyAnusArI gadya kahA hai / unhoMne 'raghunAtha-rUpaka' nAmaka chandagrantha ke AdhAra para gadya ke do bheda batAye haiM (1) vacanikA aura (2) davAvaita / vacanikA bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai (1) padabandha (2) gadabandha / rAso meM adhikatara padabandha vacanikAe~ milatI yathA " vacanikA : jamA suvihAnaM / zAhabadIna sultAnaM / paigambara prvrdigaar| ilAha karIma kabAra / sultAna sikandara jAyA / sultAna sAhabadIna abahara AyA / " vacanikAoM kI tukAtmakatA kA kAraNa, kucha vidvAn

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582 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa phArasI kI anuprAsAtmaka gadya zailI kA prabhAva batAte haiM, kintu anya manISI inheM prAkRta kI kathA-AkhyAyikAoM kI alaMkRta gadya zailI kA paravartI vikAsa samajhanA adhika yuktisaMgata mAnate haiN| ye vacanikAyeM itanI lokapriya huI ki bAda meM svatantra rUpa se anekAneka vacanikAyeM likhI gayIM jinameM acaladAsakhIMcI rI vacanikA, sivadAsarI kahI tathA vacanikA 'rAThaura ratanasiMhajI rI mahesadasauta rI khiriyAjagA rI kahI' Adi bahuta prasiddha haiN| pahalI vacanikA saM0 1470 ke AsapAsa kI likhI gaI hai| isameM gAMgurANA ke zAsaka acaladAsa aura mANDU ke bAdazAha ke yuddha kA ojasvI varNana cAraNa sivadAsa ne kiyA hai| apane AzrayadAtA kI atizayoktipUrNa virudAvalI kA varNana karane meM tallIna hone ke kAraNa kavi kA dhyAna aitihAsika tathyoM para nahIM Tika sakA hai| ataH yaha bhASA va kAvyatva kI dRSTi se jitanI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai, utanI itihAsa kI dRSTi se nhiiN|' isakI bhASA kA namUnA prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai :___ 'isI nahI hI ThAkura / isI kiijai| gale sata kA avAMsA sau lohaDo karatI jaaijai| jitarA jitarA daga dIje titarA azvamedha jyAMga kA phala lIjai / iNira vidhi je jIva nivedI je te sUrija maMDala bhedI jai| titahai bAta kahatA vAra lAjai / ' dUsarI vacanikA meM ratnasiMha kI kIrti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / unhoMne apane svAmI yazavantasiMha ke lie auraMgajeba se lar3ate-lar3ate vIratApUrvaka apanA prANa nyauchAvara kara diyA thaa| yaha vacanikA hamArI kAlasImA ke bAda kI hai ataH isakA uddharaNa yahA~ Avazyaka nahIM hai / davAvaita-ye gadya aura padya donoM rUpoM meM likhe jAte haiN| inake bhI do bheda kie jAte haiM (1) gadabandha aura (2) zuddhabandha / gadabandha davAvaita meM tukAnta khaNDavAle gadya hote haiN| jainoM aura cAraNoM donoM ne davAvaita likhe haiM / jinasukhasUri aura jinalAbhasUri kRta davAvaita gadya kI uttama racanAyeM kahI jAtI haiN| cAraNoM dvArA likhita lagabhaga 25 davAvatoM kA ullekha zrI 1. Correctness of the accounts is much disturbed by poetical exag geration and fiction"-Dr. L. P. Tessitory [ A Descriptive Catalogue of Bardic and historical manuscripts. Sec. I Part II Page 41.] 2. DaoN0 motIlAla menoriyA-rAjasthAnI bhASA aura usakA sAhitya pR0 37

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maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 583 meM kiyA hai / inameM zrI a0 ca0 nAhaTA paravartI haiM / kucha Tole / saubhAgya siMha zekhAvata ne zodhapatrikA varSa 13 aMka 4 se adhikatara racanAyeM 15vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kI haiN| ne bhI davAvaitoM ke kaI udAharaNa die haiM, kintu ve bhI paMktiyA~ namUne ke taura para avatarita kI jA rahI haiM :'hAthiyoM ke halake khaMbhU ThANA taM khole / airAvata ke sAthI bhadra jAti ke ata dehu ke diggaja viMdhyAcala ke raMgaraMga citre suDA u~DU ke jhUla kI jalUse vIra ghaMTuke vAta- DaoN TesITorI dvArA saMgrahIta 'phuTakara khyAta vAta tathA gIta' meM bAta kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI gaI hai 'jiNa khisA mai kama darAjI so khiso bAta kahAve / " arthAt isameM kathAtattva kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / yaha kahAnI yA AkhyAyikA jaisI gadya vidhA hai / isameM 'anaMtarAya sAMkhalA rI bAta' saM0 1325 kI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai / 15vIM zatAbdI kI bAtoM meM DhADhI bAdara kRta 'nisANI bIrabhANa rI bAta' aura pratApasiMha kRta 'caMdakuMvara rA vAta' vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / adyAvadhi vAta sAhitya kI saikar3oM racanAyeM prApta ho cukI haiM / sujAva / baNAva / khaNake / ' byn khyAta - cAraNoM ne apane AzrayadAtAoM ke yaza- pauruSa aura parAkrama Adi kA khUba bar3hA-car3hAkara varNana kiyA, isa prakAra jina racanAoM meM rAjAoM kI khyAti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai unheM khyAta kahate haiM / usa samaya rAjAoM dvArA apanI virudAvalI likhavAne kI prathA cala par3I thI ataH aisI racanAyeM bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM likhI giiN| inakI paramparA 16vIM zatAbdI ke pahale bhI milatI hai kintu isameM managaDhanta aura kapolakalpita bAteM atyadhika pAI jAtI haiM ataH inakI prAmANikatA saMdigdha hai / inameM 'sisodiyA rI khyAta' rAThaur3A~ rI khyAta, kachavAhA rI khyAta Adi vizeSa prasiddha haiM / khyAtoM meM sarvaprasiddha racanA hai ' muhaNota naiNasI rI khyAta' jisakA samaya saM0 1722 hai ataH isakA vivaraNa yathAsthAna diyA jAyegA / khtA ke samAna hI kucha anya gadya racanAyeM bhI haiM jaise pIr3hI, vaMzAvalI, vigata Adi / pIr3hI ora vaMzAvalI meM rAjavaMzoM kI vaMzAvalI aura unake vIratA kI atizayoktipUrNa vyaJjanA milatI hai / inameM yatra-tatra lalita padya 1. nAhaTA - prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paramparA, pR0 117 2. DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA - hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR0 107

Page #601
584 maha-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ke namUne avazya prApta hote haiM; kintu tathyoM kI tor3a-mor3a bhI paryApta mAtrA meM kI gaI hai| vigata-isameM kisI rAjA-sAmanta yA anya mahApuruSa kA vaMza paricaya aura itivRtta prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, jaise 'mevAr3a rA bhAkharA rI vigata' yA 'sisaudiyA caDAvatAM rI sAkharI vigata' ityaadi| ye racanAyeM prAyaH parabartI kAla kI haiM ataH inakA vivaraNa evaM uddharaNa Age denA hI ucita hogaa| silokA-ye bhI gadya-padyamaya hote haiN| vivAha ke avasara para sAlA apane bahanoI kI buddhi-parIkSA ke lie zloka par3hatA hai aura unase usakA artha pUchatA hai yA vaisA hI dUsarA zloka par3hane kA Agraha karatA hai| isalie isa meM padya ke sAtha-sAtha sAle-bahanoI ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM bolacAla kI TheTha bhASA ke namUne bhI upalabdha ho jAte haiN| inakA uddharaNa jaina gadya racanAoM ke sAtha diyA jaayegaa| ___marugurjara jaina gadya-gadya ke vikAsakrama kI dRSTi se tathA vaividhya, saMkhyA aura sAhityikatA kI daSTi se jaina gadya anya logoM dvArA likhita gadya kI apekSA adhika sampanna aura mahatvapUrNa hai| isake mAdhyama se jainadharma ke siddhAMta, daSTAMta aura udAharaNa tathA siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA Adi kI gaI hai| padyoM ko samajhAne ke lie bhI TippaNa ke rUpa meM gadya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jaise DhaMDhaNakUmArakathA meM prArambha meM zloka dekara usakA bhAvArtha aura dRSTAntasvarUpa koI choTI kathA gadya meM dekara usakA Azaya spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / pahale kaha cuke haiM ki isa prakAra kA gadya sAhitya 13vIM zatAbdI se hI milane lagatA hai| ina prAcIna gadyAvataraNoM kA pratinidhi saMkalana hai 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadya saMdarbha' jisake sampAdaka muni jinavijayajI haiN| yaha gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda se saM0 1986 meM prakAzita hai| sarvaprathama isI saMkalana se kucha mahatvapUrNa gadyakhaNDa prastuta kie jA rahe haiN| 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' ke anta meM bhI kucha isI prakAra ke gadya khaNDa saMkalita haiM unameM se prAyaH sabhI gadyasandarbha meM bhI saMkalita haiN| ina saMkalanoM meM 13. vIM zatAbdI kI eka-do racanAoM ke alAvA adhikatara racanAyeM 14vIM yA usake bAda kI zatAbdiyoM kI haiN| isa samaya taka jaina kAvyasAhitya kA vikAsa paryApta rUpa se ho cukA thA aura anya bhASAoM ke sAhityika vikAsakrama ke anusAra hI marugurjara meM bhI kAvya kA vikAsa ho cukane para gadya kI racanA prArambha huii|

Page #602
585 maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya jaina sAhityakAra sAmAnyatayA sAdhaka aura santa the| sAhitya inake lie vizuddha kalA kI vastu kabhI nahIM rhii| vaha dhArmika AcAra kI pavitratA aura sAdhanA kA sAdhana rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki abhivyakti kI saralatA, subodhatA aura sahajatA kA yahA~ sadaiva sarvopari dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| usa samaya marugurjara bolacAla aura vyavahAra kI pracalita bhASA thI ataH jaina sAhityakAroM ne isI bhASA meM apanI bhAvanA aura vicAraNA ko sahaja DhaMga se vyakta kiyaa| ___marugurjara jaina gadya sAhitya ke bhI sthalarUpa se do bhAga kie jA sakate haiM (1) maulika gadya aura (2) TIkA, TavvA, bAlAvabodha aura anuvAda Adi / maulika gadya dhArmika, aitihAsika aura kalAtmaka Adi nAnA zIrSakoM meM bATA jA sakatA hai| dhArmika gadya ke antargata tattvanirUpaNa sambandhI racanAyeM aura kalAtmaka kRtiyA~ adhika milatI haiN| aitihAsika gadya gurvAvalI, paTTAvalI, vaMzAvalI Adi rUpoM meM likhA huA milatA hai| inameM itihAsa kI rakSA kA pUrA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| ___ AcAryoM kI prazasti meM bhI aitihAsika tathyoM kI upekSA nahIM kI gaI hai| kalAtmaka gadya vacanikA, davAvaita, vAta, silokA, saMsmaraNa Adi nAnA rUpoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| anuprAsAtmaka jhaMkAramayI zailI aura antartukAtmakatA, alaMkRti aura kalAtmakatA inakI mahatvapUrNa vizeSatAyeM haiN| prArambha meM AgamoM meM nihita gar3ha dArzanika tattvoM ko janopayogI banAne kI daSTi se niyUMktiyA~ aura bhASya padyabaddha zailI meM likhe gaye aura inapara gadyameM cUrNiyA~ likhI gaIM kintu taba sAhityabhASA kA sthAna prAkRta yA saMskRta ko prApta thA / Age calakara TIkA yuga AyA aura niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM aura AgamoM para TIkAyeM, saMskRta se prArambha karake bAda meM marugurjara meM likhI jAne lgiiN| inake do vizeSa rUpa pracalita hue (1) TavvA aura (2) bAlAvabodha / TavvA saMkSipta rUpa hai jisameM zabdoM ke artha Upara-nIce yA bagala meM likha die jAte haiM parantu bAlAvabodha meM vyAkhyAtmaka samIkSA kA prAcIna svarUpa dikhAI par3atA hai| ina racanAoM meM nihita siddhAnta ko kathA aura udAharaNa-dRSTAnta dvArA isa prakAra samajhAyA jAtA thA ki bAlaka jaisA abodha bhI unake sAra kA bodha prApta kara sake ataH inheM bAlAvabodha kahA gyaa|

Page #603
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 13vIM - 14vIM zatI kI gadya racanAyeM 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadya saMdarbha' meM sabase prAcIna gadya racanA 'ArAdhanA " hai / isakI tAr3apatrIya prati saM0 1330 kI likhita hai ataH yaha racanA 13vIM zatAbdI kI avazya hogii| prAcInatama namUne ke rUpa meM isakA aitihAsika mahattva nirvivAda hai / isakI bhASA kA eka namUnA diyA jA rahA hai : 586 'atIta niMdau vartamAna saMvarahu anAgatu paccaravau | paMca parameSThi namaskAra jinazAsana sAru caturdaza pUrva samuddhAru saMpAdita sakala kalyANa saMbhAru vihita duritApahAru kSudropadrava parvata vajraprahAru lIlA dalitasaMsAru su tumhi anusarahu jiNi kAraNi caturdaza pUrvadhara caturdaza pUrva saMbaMdhiu dhyAnu parityajau / ' yaha vAkya abhI bhI apUrNa hai / isa gadya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vAkya lambe haiM; vAkyoM ke bIca meM antartukAtmaka zabdAvalI kA prayoga milatA hai / saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM kA paryApta prayoga bhI dhyAtavya hai jaise atIta, vartamAna, anAgata, caturdaza, saMpAdita, sakala, vihita, durita, kSudra, parvata, prahAra ityAdi / saMskRta kI sandhiyoM aura sAmAsika padAvalI kA prayoga bhI isakI mahatvapUrNa vizeSatAyeM haiM / 'sampAdita sakala kalyANu sambhAra' aura 'kSudropadravaM parvata vajra prahAru' ityAdi sAmAsika padAvalI ke namUne haiM / zrI saMgrAmasiMha - Apane bhASAzikSA ( vyAkaraNa ) ko sugama DhaMga se samajhAne ke lie saM0 1336 meM 'bAlazikSA' nAmaka eka pustikA likhI jo 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha' meM saMkalita hai / ise do adhikAroM ( bhAgoM) meM bA~TA gayA hai / prathama adhikAra meM vyAkaraNa, karttA, kriyA, kAraka Adi ko samajhAyA gayA hai aura dUsare adhikAra meM oktika padoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / ataH yaha marugurjara ke bhASA - svarUpa ke adhyayanArtha mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha meM saMgrahIta anta racanAyeM - 'navakAra vyAkhyAnam' (saM0 1358); sarvatIrtha namaskAra stavana ( saM0 1359 ) aura 'aticAra' (saM0 1369) 14vIM zatAbdI ke gadya kA puSTa pramANa prastuta karatI haiM / inameM prAyaH eka hI prakAra kI gadyazailI prayukta hai / inakI bhASA1. ArAdhanA - prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha - sampAdaka muni jinavijaya, pR 218-19

Page #604
maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 587 zailI kA udAharaNa prastuta karane ke lie 'sarvatIrtha namaskAra stavana' kI kucha paMktiyA~ avatarita kI jA rahI haiM :_ 'pahilaGa trikAlu atIta anAgata vartamAna bahattari tIrthaGkara sarvapApa* kSayaMkara hauM nmskruN| tadanaMtara pAMce bharate pAMca airavate pAMca mahAvidehe sattarisau utkRSTa kAli viharamANa hau~ namaskArauM / ' ina racanAoM kI gadya bhASA meM bhI tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga, tukAtmaka pravRtti aura lambe vAkyoM kI saMracanA draSTavya hai| 'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' meM ina racanAoM ke sAtha saM0 1340 kI likhita 'aticAra' nAmaka eka vizeSa racanA bhI saMkalita hai| yaha 14vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kI gadyabhASA kA namUnA prastuta karatI hai| ataH isakI bhI kucha paMktiyA~ uddha ta kI jA rahI haiM :____ 'sAtamai bhogopabhoga vrati saMcita dravya vigai khAsahAi pAvahI pAni, kokali baisaNi AkhaNi samaNi nhANuai aMgohali phaliphUli bhojani AcchAdatija koi aticAru huyau pakSa divasa mAMhi / / __ isameM dravya, pakSa, divasa jaise tatsama zabdoM ke sAtha apabhraMza prabhAvita vaisaNi, AsaNi, sayaNi Adi 'Na' kAra yukta zabdAvalI kA prayoga ise saMkramaNakAlIna bhASA kA uttama namanA siddha karate haiN| ina racanAoM meM bAlazikSA ke lekhaka zrI saMgrAmasiMha ko chor3akara anya racanAoM ke lekhakoM kA nAma, paricaya Adi jJAta nahIM hai| 14vIM zatAbdI kI do gadya racanAoM-(1) 'dhanapAlakathA', (2) 'tattvavicAra prakaraNa' ko zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne 'rAjasthAna bhAratI' meM prakAzita karAyA hai| dhanapAla kI prasiddha kRti 'tilakamaMjarI' kisI agnikANDa meM bhaSma ho gaI thI, jise unhoMne punaH likhA thaa| dhanapAlakathA meM isI ghaTanA kA varNana hai| isakI bhASA kA udAharaNa Age prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : 'ujjayinI nAma nagarI / tahiThe bhojadeva rAjA / tIyahi taNaya paMcai sayaha paMDitaha mAMhi mukhyu dhanapAla nAmu pNdditu| tIyahi taNai ghari anyadA kadAcit sAdhu viharaNa nimittu pitthaa| 1. 'sarvatIrtha namaskAra stavana' prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha-saM0 muni jina vijaya pR0 216 2. aticAra-'prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' saM0 e0 ena0 jAnI 50 87-88 3. amaracanda nAhaTA-rAjasthAna bhAratI-varSa 3, aMka 2 pR0 93-96

Page #605
584 maru-gujara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa dUsarI racanA 'tattvavicAraprakaraNa' kI bhI do paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM : 'eu saMsAru asAra / khaNabhaMgaru, aNAi cau gaiu / aNoru apAru saMsAru aNAi jIva / aNega aNAdi karma saMyogi subhAsubhi karma aceSTita parive NiDhimA jIva puNu naraka gati / ' ina racanAoM kI bhASA meM 'aticAra' ke samAna tatsama zabdoM ke prayoga ke sAtha hI apabhraza kI 'ukAra' bahula pravRtti bhI banI huI hai| yaha saMkramaNakAlIna pravRtti 15vIM zatAbdI taka kI jaina-ajaina marugurjara gadya racanAoM meM prAyaH sarvatra pAI jAtI hai| __ zrI ena0 vI0 diveTiyA ne apanI pustaka meM 13vIM-14vIM zatAbdI kI gadya racanAoM ke kucha uddharaNa die haiN| inameM se prAyaH sabhI 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha' meM saMkalita haiM, ataH unheM yahA~ duharAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kintu unhoMne saM0 1449 kI eka jainetara racanA 'gaNitasAra' kA jo uddharaNa diyA hai, usakI kucha paMktiyA~ avatarita kI jA rahI haiM : 'zivu bhaNIi devAdhideva bhaTTAraku mahezvara kisu ju paramezvara kailAsa siSaru maMDanu pArvatI hRdayaramaNu vizvanAtha jiNi vizva nIpajAviuM tasu namaskAru karIu bAlAvabodhanArtha bAla bhaNIiM ajJAna tIha kihi avabodha jANivA taNai athi AtmIya yazovRddhayartha zreyaskaraNArtha zrIdharAcArya gaNi ju prakaTIkatu / " diveTiyA jI kA kathana hai ki kucha vidvAn isa bhASA ko prAcIna gujarAtI kahate haiM kintu ye gadyakhaNDa mAtra gujarAtI ke nahIM haiM balki usa saMkramaNakAlIna bhASA ke haiM jise 'gurjara-apabhraMza' kahanA caahiye| zrI diveTiyA jI ke isa kathana se hama sahamata haiM ki ye gadyakhaNDa mAtra gujarAtI ke nahIM haiM balki marugurjara ke haiM kyoMki usa samaya taka gUjarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura purAnI hindI meM koI bheda nahIM thaa| 'gurjara-apabhraMza' nAma vivAdAspada ho sakatA hai kintu isa bhASA ke lie marugUrjara nAma prAyaH sarvamAnya ho cukA hai aura yahI nAma ina gadyakhaMDoM kI bhASA ke lie ucita hai / 1. a0 ca0 nAhaTA-rAjasthAna bhAratI varSa 3, aMka 3-4, pR0 118-120 2. ena0 vI0 diveTiyA-gujarAtI laiMgveja eNDa liTarecara, pR0 42 .3. I must refuse to recognise the language of the above extracts as Gujarati. I have already stated that it should be called Gurjara Apabhramsa. (N. B. Divatia-Gujarati Language and Literature Vol. II, Page 42

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$ maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 589 14vIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika caraNa kI gadyaracanAoM meM jJAta lekhaka kRta sarvAdhika prAcIna evaM mahattvapUrNa kathA racanA hai 'kathAratnAkara'; jisake lekhaka haiM 'naracandrasUri' / yaha 'varNaratnAkara' ke koTi kI racanA hai jo 15 taraMgoM meM vibhakta haiM / isakA racanA kAla saM0 1319 batAyA gayA hai | ataH yaha marugurjara kI adyAvadhi jJAta kathA kRtiyoM meM sarvAdhika prAcIna racanA ThaharatI hai / isakA vivaraNa zrI bhuvanezvara prasAda gurumaMtA ne nAgarI pracAraNI patrikA (saM0 2022 aMka - 4 ) meM prakAzita karAyA hai / isake sAtha hI unhoMne isI koTi kI eka mahatvapUrNa gadyakRti 'AbhaNaka ratnAkara' kI bhI sUcanA dI hai / yaha auktika padoM kA saMgraha hogA, isalie bhASAsvarUpa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa racanA hogii| inake vivaraNa ukta patrikA se prApta ho sakate haiM, ataH yahA~ sUcanA mAtra dI gaI hai / kathAratnAkAra varNanAtmaka zailI meM likhita gadyAtmaka kathA kRti hai / isalie marugurjara ke kathA - sAhitya ke itihAsa meM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / agaracanda nAhaTA ne apane lekha 'prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paramparA meM ' 'silokA' kA paricaya diyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki silokA kA pracalana 13vIM 14vIM zatAbdI se hI ho gayA thA / jaba koI vyakti apanI zAdI meM sasurAla jAtA thA to usake sAle sAliyA~ usakI matiparIkSA ke lie eka zloka kahakara usase usakA artha pUchate the yA vaisA hI anya zloka sunAne kA Agraha karate the / isI zloka kA yaha TheTha rUpa 'silokA' hai / ilokoM ke isa pArasparika AdAna-pradAna, TIkA aura saMvAda meM prayukta bhASA ke likhita namUne 14vIM zatAbdI se hI prApta hone lagate haiM 14vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ke eka 'silokA' kA udAharaNa Age diyA jA rahA hai| ---- 'taptaM tapaH sAdhujanAya dattaM dAnaM smRtA paMja namaskriyA ca / satIrthayAtrA vihitA ca tena puNyena labdhA bhavataH svaseyam / ' aho zAlakaH ! mai pUrvilai bhavi nirmala bAra bhedu tapa kIdhau / cAritriyA tapodhana ki hI bhAvanApUrvAku dAna dIdhau / anai jinazAsana sAra paMca parameSThi namaskAra smasmauM zrI zatruMjaya giranAra sarIkhai tIrtha jAi i / zrI vItarAga pUjyA / vINi puNya kariu maitAharI vahiNa lAdhI / " inakI bhASA nizcaya hI tatkAlIna bolacAla kI bhASA kA prAmANika rUpa hamAre samakSa prastuta karatI hai / ataH bhASA vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / 1 1. agaracanda nAhaTA - prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paramparA - pR0 11

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590 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 15vIM zatAbdI kA marugurjara gadya sAhitya kulamaMDanasUri--Apane saM0 1450 meM 'mugdhAvabodhaauktika' kI racanA kii| yaha dAmodarabhaTTa kRta 'uktivyaktiprakaraNa' ke paramparA kI mahatvaparNa kRti hai| isameM vibhaktivicAra, kRdantavicAra, uktibheda ke sAtha zabdasaMgraha aura auktika pada die hue haiN| isakI bhASA meM tatkAlIna pracalita bhASA kA prAmANika rUpa upalabdha hotA hai| zrI diveTiyA ise marugurjara gadya kI jayayAtrA kA eka mahattvapUrNa prakAzastambha mAnate haiM / isake pazcAt ke gadya-sAhitya meM gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI bhASAoM kA alagaalaga spaSTa svarUpa milane lagatA hai| isake atirikta 'uktivyaktiprakaraNa' ke DhaMga kI anya kaI racanAyeM prApta haiM jinameM sAdhusundaragaNi kRta 'uktiratnAkara' aura 'uktIyaka' 16vIM zatAbdI kI racanAyeM haiN| inameM 'mugdhAvabodha' sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa racanA hai, ataH isakI bhASA kA namUnA prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai :-'meghi varisatai mora naacii| nAcaiM isI kriyaa| kauNa nAcai mora / je nAcai te kartA / tihAM prthmaa| kisai hutai nAcaI meghi / tihAM bhAvalakSaNi sptmii| meghi kisu karatai, varasa ii| isake nAma ke sambandha meM zrI diveTiyA ne kAphI vicAra kiyA hai aura nirNaya diyA hai ki griyarsana ne isakA 'mauktika' nAma azuddha likhA hai, ise 'auktika honA caahie| isake sampAdaka zrI eca0 eca0 dhra va dvArA hI 'mauktika' kA bhrama zAyada prArambha huA thaa| pATaNa bhaNDAra kI graMthasUcI (bhAga 1 pR0 122) meM 'uktivyaktivivRtti' kA ullekha hai jo uktivyaktiprakaraNa kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM likhI gaI hai| isake lekhaka kA nizcita patA nahIM hai| kintu yaha racanA 16vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI hI hai, ataH isakI bhI do paMktiyA~ udAharaNArtha uddha ta kI jA rahI hai : 'dhammu Athi dharma kIjai / duha gAvi dudhu guvAla / yajamAna kaapddiyaa| 1. The Language contained in which being undoubtedly the langu age of its day serves as a beacon-light throwing its flashes before and after. Shri N. B. Divatia-Gujarati Language & Literature Page 16 2. DaoN0 zivaprasAda siMha-'sUrapUrva vrajabhASA aura sAhitya pR0 124 3. prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha-pR0 177

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maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 591 gaMgAe dharmu ho pApa jA / pRthvI varati / meha varasi / A~khi dekhi / nehAla / A~khi dekhata Acha / jIbha cAkha / kAne suNa / bolaM bol|1 isakI bhASA bhI pUrvI apabhraMza kA paravartI vikAsa pratIta hotI hai kyoMki isakA AdhAra 'uktivyakti' hai jo 'kosalI' kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai / zrIjayazekharasUri-marugurjara athavA AdikAlIna hindI jaina-kAvyakRtiyoM meM 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha' eka uttama prabandha racanA hai| Apane saMskRta meM prabodhacintAmaNi nAmaka mahAgrantha likhA thaa| tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha usI kA lokabhASA meM kiyA gayA rUpAntaraNa hai, isIlie isakA aparanAma 'prabodhacintAmaNicaupai' prasiddha hai| yaha jainadharma abhyudaya granthamAlA ke antargata zrIlAlacanda bhagavAna gA~dhI dvArA sampAdita evaM prakAzita racanA hai| yaha saM0 1470 meM likhI gaI thii| isake padya ke bIca-bIca meM gadyakhaNDoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakI gadyabhASA praur3ha evaM prasAdaguNasampanna hai| ataH yaha marugUrjara gadya ke vikAsaparamparA kI eka mahattvaparNa kar3I hai / isakI bhASA kA udAharaNa prastuta karane ke lie kucha paMktiyAM avatarita kI jA rahI haiM : 'je jikAI prArthai tei raI hai te vastunu dAna anivAra, tatvakathA bhava dravadraiM dhaja alaMba lhlhiN| . sAdhutaNA hRdaya gahagahai duSTa doSI taNau, * dATaNa pAmiu puNya raMga pANau / " isakI bhASA ko DA0 harIza ne marugurjara kA uttama udAharaNa batAyA hai| inakI anya gadyaracanA 'zrAvakabRhaddatticAra' bhI ullekhanIya hai| yaha zrAvakoM ke upadezArtha sarala gadya meM likhI gaI hai| padya bhAga ke antargata ApakA paricaya diyA gayA hai| Apa zrI mahendraprabhasUri ke ziSya evaM merutuMgasUri ke gurubhAI the| ApakI prasiddha kAvyakRti 'neminAthaphAgu' kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| isake alAvA Apane masa. garjara meM 'dhammilacaritta' aura 'jainakumArasaMbhava' nAmaka prasiddha kAvyagrantha race haiM / Apa saMskRta ke dhurandhara vidvAn the aura Apane saMskRta meM vipula sAhitya likhA hai jinameM kaI dvAtriMzikAyeM, Atmaprabodhakulaka aura dharma1. hindI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa - khaNDa 3, pR0 436 ( nAgarI pracAraNI sabhA-kAzI se prakAzita ) 2. DaoN0 harIza-'AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya zodha'-10 473

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592 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sarvasva Adi haiM / Apane 'upadezacintAmaNi' nAmaka prasiddha mahAgrantha saMskRta meM likhA aura svayaM usapara TIkA bhI likhii| upadezamAlA para bhI Apane avacUrI likhI thI / isa prakAra Apa 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke prasiddha jainamuni aura pramukha sAhityakAra the| taruNaprabhasUri-marugurjara ke AdikAlIna gadyakAroM meM ApakA nAma sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai / ApajinacandrasUri aura unake paTTadhara jinakuzalasUri ke ziSya the| Apake vidyAguru yazaHkIrti aura rAjendracandrasUri the / Apane saM0 1411 kI dIpAvalI para aNahilapattana meM SaDAvazyaka para bAlAvabodha nAmaka bRhad gadyagraMtha likhaa| 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasaMdarbha' meM samyaktva tathA zrAvakoM ke 12vratoM para dRSTAnta svarUpa choTI-choTI kaI kathAyeM aura zrAvakoM ke vrata-aticAra Adi se sambandhita anya aneka gadya racanAyeM ApakI likhI huI saMkalita haiM / inase tatkAlina loka pracalita gadyabhASA kA acchA paricaya milatA hai| eka avataraNa udAharaNAtha uddha ta kiyA jA rahA hai :'devu samyaktva viSai nizcalu jANI kari naravarmaNi rAyarahaI praNamI karI sAkSAtkAri hoI kahai, mahArAja ! dhanyu bauM jeha tUrahaI sabhAmAhi baiThau indra mahArAju samyaktva vaNI stuti kri|' isaDa bhaNI ApaNau mauDu ApI karI ApaNai thAnika gyu| naravammu mahArAju samyaktva-mUla gRhidhammi cirakAlu pratipAlI kari putra mitrAdika sahitu dIkSA le kari sugati pahutau / ' Apa rAjasthAna, gujarAta ke alAvA sudUra sindha Adi pradezoM taka vihAra karate rahate the, ataH ApakI bhASA meM saralatA aura vyApakatA hai| SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha kI racanA ke pazcAt bAlAvabodha kA khUba pracalana huA aura inakI eka paramparA cala pdd'ii| SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha kI bhASA meM pravAha aura prAsAdikatA ke sAtha hI 'u'kArAtmaka pravRtti bhI dikhAI par3atI hai jo isakI prAcInatA kA sUcaka hai| eka mahatvapUrNa racanA hone ke kAraNa isakA eka uddharaNa prastuta hai :_ 'rAjA anai mahAmAtyube jar3A azvApahAra itau aTavI mAhi gyaa| bhUkhiyA huA / vaNaphala khAdhAM / nAgarI AviyA / rAjA sUpakAra teDI karI kahai, ji ke bhakSya maida saMgavaiti saNavAi kara u', sUpakAre kiidhaa|" 1. prAcIna gujarAtI gadya gandarbha-pR04 2. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA-rAjasthAna jaina sAhitya pa0 227

Page #610
38 maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 593 isakI bhASA meM 'gayA', 'huA', 'khAdhA', 'AviyA', 'kIdhA' Adi prAcIna khar3I hindI ke prayoga draSTavya haiM jo isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki 14vIM - 15vIM zatAbdI taka kI marugurjara bhASA aura purAnI hindI meM paryApta ekatA thI / jaNAvaNa, saNavAi Adi zabda isakI prAcInatA kI sUcanA dete haiM, sAtha hI marubhASA ke prabhAva kI zeSa smRtiyA~ haiM / 1 dayAsiMha gaNi-Apa vRddhatapAgaccha ke bhaTTAraka jayatilakasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1497 ( zrAvaNa sudi 14 zukravAra) meM saMgrahaNI bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kI / isakI saM0 1548 kI likhita hastaprati se zrI diveTiyA ne eka uddharaNa diyA hai, jisakI kucha paMktiyA~ udAharaNa svarUpa yahA~ dI jA rahI haiM- "sadguru kahali pUchi vizeSa artha grahaNa kariva / je bhavya jIva chai tehanai e saMghayaNinu vicAra kahatA karmakSayahoi taha taNai bhavyataNai e vicAra joivu' jANivu jima te bhavya jIva naI RdhivRddhi hoi / " " 1 Apane isa racanA ke prAyaH 35 varSa bAda saM0 1529 meM kSetrasamAsa para bAlAvabodha likhA / isake Adi meM jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai aura racanA ke anta meM jo guru paramparA dI gaI hai usase nizcaya hotA hai ki ina racanAoM ke lekhaka dayAsiMha gaNi eka hI vyakti the aura unake guru jayatilaka sUri the / usa samaya vRddhatapAgaccha ke gacchanAyaka ratnasiMha sUri the / donoM bAlAvabodhoM kI gadya bhASA-zailI meM samAnatA hai aura ve donoM racanAyeM eka hI vyakti kI haiM / "tapAgaccha bar3I posAla zrI ratnAkara sUri nai gacchi bhaTTAraka zrI jayatilaka sUrinaI pATi gacchanAyaka bha0 zrI ratnasiMha sUri naI sAnidhyaiM pratidina zrI jayatilaka sUrino ziSya paM0 dayAsiMha gaNi bAlA0 vArttArUpa paNa lakhai chai navo karai chai / " " mANika sundarasUri - Apa merutuMgasUri ke ziSya the / Apane 'candradhavala dharmadatta kathA', nemIzvaracaritaphAgabandha ( saM0 1478 ) padya meM likhA hai / ApakI prasiddha gadya kRti 'pRthvIcandracaritra' saM0 1478 kI racanA hai / yaha 1. zrI ena0 bI0 diveTiyA - di hisTrI Apha gujarAtI laiMgveja eNDa liTarecara pR0 45 2. mo0 da0 desAI - jaina gu0 kavi bhAga 1 pR0 180 3. vahI bhAga 3 khaMDa 2 pR0 1576

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594 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa AdikAlIna marugurjara gadya sAhitya kI atyanta mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / isa taraha kI racanAoM kA eka saMgraha agaracanda nAhaTA ne nAgarI pracAraNI sabhA dvArA 'sabhAzRGgAra' nAma se prakAzita karAyA thaa| usameM unhoMne isake sambandha meM likhA hai "merI jAnakArI meM itanA AlaMkArika sAhityika gadya itanI prAcIna kisI prAntIya bhASA meM nahIM hai|' 15 vIM zatAbdI meM tukAnta sAhityika gadya racanAyeM kaI milatI haiN| nissaMdeha yaha unameM zreSTha hai / camatkArika varNanoM ke kAraNa racayitA ne isakA aparanAma 'vAgvilAsa' rakhA hai| isakI gadya zailI sAnuprAsika, padyAbhAsa evaM tukAtmaka hai / isameM pRthvIcandra kI rAjasabhA, senA, unakA parAkrama, ayodhyA nagarI; pRthvIcandra kA samaraketu se yuddha, ratnamaJjarI kA svayambara, varSA, vasanta Adi RtuoM kA yathAsamaya varNana bar3A manohara hai| aisA lagatA hai ki lekhaka ise jJAnakoSa kA rUpa denA cAhatA thaa| viSaya kI vividhatA ke sAtha alaMkRta gadya zailI kA aisA mohaka saMbhAra hai ki pro0 ananta rAya rAvala ne likhA hai ki 'mANikyasundara sUri bANabhaTTa bananA cAhate the'|' lekhaka ne nAnA samudroM, dvIpoM, dezoM, pradezoM, nagaroM, nAnA ratnoM, AbhUSaNoM, astrazastroM aura AyudhoM tathA nAnA prakAra ke hAthI, ghor3oM Adi kA byorevAra vistRta varNana kiyA hai| . __kathA pAMca ullAsoM meM vibhakta hai| yaha apane DhaMga kI adbhuta padyAnukArI gadya racanA hai| yaha racanA 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha' aura prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita hai| lekhaka kA nAma mANikyasUri, mANikyacaMdrasUri aura mANikyasundarasUri bhI milatA hai| prathama khaNDa meM jambUdvIpa, bharatakhaNDa, usakI nadiyoM, parvatoM, marahaTTa deza aura pATaNa nagara kA varNana hai jahAM 84 prakAra ke cauhaTA haiM jinameM nAnA jAtiyAM rahatI haiN| bAda meM kozala deza, ayodhyA nagarI aura usake rAjA somadeva ke pratApa evaM aizvarya Adi kA vizada varNana hai / unakI kanyA ratnamaJjarI 64 kalAoM meM nipuNa thii| isake rUpa-guNa ke varNana meM lekhaka ne adbhuta kavikarma kA paricaya diyA hai| dvitIya ullAsa meM purANa, smati, kalA-vijJAna Adi kA varNana kiyA hai / ratnamaJjarI ke svayamvara meM jAte hue rAste meM pRthvIcandra kA samaraketu se yuddha, usakI bhISaNatA evaM nAnA astra-zastroM kA prasaMgataH varNana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya ullAsa meM aMgadezavAsI zrIpati kI kathA varNita hai jise paristhitivaza lakSmIpati kA putra hote hue bhI caurakarma karanA par3A thaa| 1. ananta rAya rAvala-gujarAtI sAhitya pR0 75

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maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 595 isI prasaMga meM lekhaka ne kSamA, ahiMsA Adi kA mahatva bhI batAyA hai| pRthvIcandra ke ayodhyA pahu~cane para rAjasabhA kI zobhA, rAjasI zAnazaukata, rAjakanyA kA rUpa, guNa varNana karane ke sAtha cAraNoM dvArA rAjakumAroM kI virudAvalI kA pAraMparika DhaMga se bakhAna kiyA gayA hai| rAjakumArI ne pRthvIcandra kA varaNa kiyaa| Age rAnI kA caudaha svapna darzana, putrotpatti Adi kA varNana karane ke bAda paMcama ullAsa meM rAjA dvArA apane putra mahIdhara ko rAjya sauMpa kara svayaM samyaktva grahaNa karanA varNita hai| ___inakI bhASA kA namUnA nIce diyA jA rahA hai| puNya ke sambandha meM ve likhate haiM, 'eha puNya Upari rAjAdhirAja pRthvIcandra taNalaM kathA sambandha bhnniiyi| sA INaiM rAjupramANi ratnaprabhA pRthvIpIThi asaMkhyAtA dvIpa samudra vartaI / tIha mAhi pahilau jambU dvIpa lakSayojana pramANa jaanniyu|' Age marahaTTha deza kA manorama varNana karatA huA kavi kahatA hai 'tIha mAhi vaSANIyai marahaTTa deza / jINai desi grAma atyanta abhirAma, bhalAnagara, jihAM na bhAgIyaI kara / durga, jisyAM huI svarga, dhAnya na nIpajai sAmAnya, Agara sonArUpA taNA sAgara / jeha desamAMhi nadI bahaI, loka sukha nirvhii|" varSA varNana sambandhI kucha paMktiyAM dekhiye 'hiva te kumadi, car3hI yauvani bhari, parivarI parikari, krIr3A karai navInavIpari / isiiM avasari Aviu ASAr3hi itara guNi sNbaaddh'| kATailai loha, pAmataNa u niroha ghAsi pATi, pANI viyAi maattii| vistarau varSA kAla, je paMthI taNau kAla, nAThau dukAla / ' isa gadya zailI kI tukAtmakatA aura layAtmakatA avalokanIya hai / ataH alaMkRta padyAbhAsa gadya racanAoM kI paramparA meM eka zreSTha evaM prAcIna racanA hone ke kAraNa yaha marugurjara ke gadya sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / padmanAbha-Apane marugurjara yA purAnI hindI meM apanI prasiddha racanA 'kAnhaDade prabandha' 14vI 15vIM zatAbdI ke bIca likhI hai| yaha eka aitihAsika mahAkAvya hai / isake padyoM ke bIca-bIca meM gadya khaNDa prApta hote haiM / isake vAkya choTe, bhASA pravAhamaya evaM painI hai / isakI bhASA ko 1. prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha, pR0 127-134 2. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha, pR0 94

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596 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa DaoN0 harIza purAnI rAjasthAnI batAte haiN| dUsare vidvAn ise jUnI gujarAtI kahate haiM kyoMki isameM kriyAnta 'chai' zabda gujarAtI 'che' kA pUrvavartI pratIta hotA hai / vastutaH yaha marugurjara bhASA hai, jisameM rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI ke prAcIna prayoga aura zabda samUha sammilita haiM, isakI bhASA kA jo udAharaNa Age diyA gayA hai usase ukta kathana pramANita hotA hai 'mahArAjAdhirAja zrI kAnhar3ade sabhA pUrI baiThau chi| siMhAsani pAu paraThiu chai / meghavanA ulaca bA~dhyA chai / parIyau DhalI chi| ketakInAM gaMdha gahagahIyA chai / saurabhaMnA sou sAMcariyA chai / sabhA mAMhi serI melhANI chi| munisundara sUri-Apa tapAgaccha ke prasiddha AcArya somasundarasUri ke ziSya the| Apane yogazAstra-caturtha prakAza para bAlAvabodha likhA hai| Apake eka ajJAta ziSya ne 'kalyANamandira bAlAvabodha, likhA hai| yaha racanA 15 vIM zatAbdI kI hai jisakI hastaprati saMghabhaNDAra, pATaNa se prApta huI hai / ye racanAyeM aprakAzita haiM / muni jI ke eka anya ziSya vizAlarAja ne bhI gadya likhA hai| kintu ina racanAoM ke namUne nahIM prApta ho sake haiM ataH uddharaNa nahIM diyA jA skaa| merutuMgasUri-ApakA janma saM0 1403, dIkSA saM0 1418, AcArya pada saM0 1429, gacchanAyaka pada saM0 1446 aura svargavAsa saM. 1471 meM huaa| Apa mahendraprabha sUri ke ziSya aura prasiddha vidvAn jayazekhara ke gurubhAI the| Apane 'vyAkaraNacataSka bAlAvabodha' aura 'taddhitabAlAvabodha' nAmaka do gadya racanAyeM kI haiN| ye donoM racanAyeM bhASA-zikSA aura vyAkaraNa se sambandhita haiN| inakI pratiyA~ vakhata jI zerI bhaNDAra, pATaNa se upalabdha huI haiN| ye racanAyeM bhI saMbhavataH aprakAzita haiM ataH inakI gadya zailI ke namUne nahIM prApta ho sake / sAdhuratnasUri-Apa tapAgacchIya devasundarasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1456 ke AsapAsa 'navatattvavivaraNabAlAvabodha' likhaa| devasundara sUri ke kaI ziSya bar3e vidvAn the jaise jJAnasAgara, kulamaNDana, guNaratna aura somasundara / sAdhuratnasUri ina vidvAnoM ke gurubhAI tathA svayaM uccakoTi ke vidvAn tathA sulekhaka the / Apane saM0 1456 meM yatigItakalpa para vRtti likhI thI / navatattva para Apane jo avacUrI likhI hai usake pratilipikAra ne somasundara kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai| 1. DaoN. harIza--Adi kAlIna hindI sAhitya zodha pa 0 301

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maru-gujara jaina gadya sAhitya 597 somasundarasUri-pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ko marugurjara sAhityetihAsa meM somasundara yuga kahA gayA hai| somasundarasUri isa kAla ke nissaMdeha sarvazreSTha sAhityakAra the| Apa tapAgaccha ke 50 veM paTTadhara the| A0 jayAnanda sUri Apake dIkSAguru the| ApakA janma saM0 1430 aura dIkSA saM0 1437 meM huii| Apako sUripada saM0 1457 meM prApta huaa| ApakA jIvanacarita 'somasaubhAgyakAvya' meM varNita hai / Apane saMskRta meM bhASyatrayacUrNi, kalyANakastava, ratnakoSa, navastavI Adi likhaa| ApakI racanA 'neminAthanavarasaphAgu' marugurjara, prAkRta aura saMskRta mizra bhASA kI prasiddha kAvyakRti hai / inake kAvyoM kA vivaraNa yathAsthAna diyA gayA hai / marugurjara gadya meM Apane upadezamAlA bAlA0 saM0 1485, yogazAstra bAlA0, SaDAvazyaka bAlA0, navatattva bAlA0 aura SaSTIzataka bAlA0 saM0 1496 meM likhA / ApakI kucha gadya kRtiyoM kA saMkalana prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha meM pR0 67 se 126 taka kiyA gayA hai| inake atirikta Apane bhaktAmarastotra bAlA0, payaMtArAdhanA-ArAdhanA patAkA bAlA0, vicAra graMtha bAlA0 Adi bhI likhA hai / ApakA lekhana kAla saM0 1457 se saM0 1499 taka nirdhArita hai| ApakI gadya racanAoM ke kucha udAharaNa Age die jA rahe haiN| upadezamAlA bAlA0 se sanatkumArakathA kI kucha paMktiyA~ dekhiye : 'sanatkumAra cakravartina rUpa ekabAra iMdri vakhANiu / te jovA vi deva brAhmaNanAM rUpa karI AvyA / teha rUpa bakhANiu / cakravarti garvi gyo| tetalaiM cakravartinaI zarIri karma lagai sAta mahAroga sNkrmyaa| tisiM te brAhmaNa rUpa jovA teddyaa| sabhAmAMhi vizeSa AbharaNa zomA kari cakravarti garviu vaiThau chai / ' ___ Age yogazAstra bAlA. kI rohINeyacora kathA se kucha paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM : 'rAjagRha nagari, zreNika rAjA, abhayakumAramantrIzvara, tisii vaibhAra. giri parvati lohakharau cora rahai / rAjagRha nagaranI sarvalakSmI strayAdi corI ANai / tehanai rohiNI kalatranau beTau rohiNIu isii nAmiI ch|" 1. prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha-pR0 68 2. vahI, pR0 107

Page #615
598 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa isa gadyakhaMDa ke vAkya choTe, bhASA pravAhamaya aura prasAdaguNa sampanna hai| yaha bhASA zailI marugUrjara gadya bhASA ke vikasita avasthA kI sUcaka hai| lekhaka kevala kathA-kahAniyA~ hI nahIM apitu gambhIra viSayoM ko bhI utanI hI saralatA evaM spaSTatA se vyakta karane meM sakSama hai| eka udAharaNa prastuta hai / A0 hemacandra ne gRhasthadharma ke guNoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai : 'ajINe bhojanatyAgI kAle bhoktA ca sAtmyataH / anyonyA pratibandhena trivargamapi sAdhayan / ' AcArya zrI somasundarasUri isakI zabdazaH vivecanA karate hue likhate haiM : _ 'ajINe-pAchilai jimai Ahari aNajariI paripAki AvyA pAvai navau AhAra na jimai, te kahIi mAMdaDa thAi nahI / prAhiiM jeha bhaNIima kahiuM chai- 'ajIrNa prabhavA rogAH 'roga saghalA i ajIrNatau uupjii| nIroga paNau te dharmanau AMga / eha bhaNI e bAta khii|1 ___ Apake nAma para aneka racanAyeM pracalita haiM jaise navatattva bAlA0 aadi| isakA racanAkAla saM0 1502 batAyA jAtA hai jabaki AcArya somasundarasUri kA svargavAsa saM0 1499 meM hI honA nizcita mAnA jAtA hai ataH yaha racanA kisI anya somasundara kI ho sakatI hai| Apake kaI ziSyoM ne bhI aneka gadya racanAyeM kI haiN| ho sakatA hai ki kucha dUsare lekhakoM yA ziSyoM kI racanAyeM bhI Apake nAma se pracalita ho gaI hoN| Apake saMbandha meM vistRta sUcanA kAvyakhaMDa meM dI gayI hai| Apa marugurjara ke atirikta saMskRta, prAkRta Adi kaI bhASAoM ke prakANDa vidvAn aura nAnA viSayoM ke gambhIra adhyetA the| Apane gadya aura padya meM kaI bhASAoM meM prabhUta sAhitya likhA hai| ataH Apa nissaMdeha eka yuganirmAtA sAhityakAra the aura yadi isa kAlAvadhi ko somasundara yuga ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAya to ucita hI hogaa| isI kAlAvadhi meM kharataragaccha ke bhI kaI mahAn AcAryoM ne marugurjara sAhitya bhI mahatI zrIvRddhi kI hai; ataH isa itihAsagrantha meM kisI kAlAvadhi ke lie kisI vyakti vizeSa ke AdhAra para koI nAmakaraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| Apake ziSyoM kA samudAya vistRta thA jinameM munisundarasUri ke alAvA jayacandasUri, bhuvanasundarasUri, jina1. prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha-pR0 122

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maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya kIrtisUri, ratnazekharasUri Adi sabhI uttama lekhaka the aura inhoMne pracura sAhitya racA hai| hemahaMsagaNi-prAcIna gujarAtI gadyasaMdarbha meM ApakI racanA 'namaskAra bAlAvabodha' saMkalita hai jisakA racanAkAla saM0 1500 batAyA gayA hai| isalie inake gadya kA vivaraNa udAharaNa bhI isI ke sAtha diyA jA rahA hai / 'bharatakSetri pottanapura nagara, tihAM sugupta nAmiI vyavahAriu zrAvaka, tehanai zrImatI nAmii beTI dharmavati chai / eka bAra ko eka mithyAtvI zreSThinau beTau zrImatInauM rUpa deSI vyAmohiu / paraNivA vaaNchi| pitA kanhali maMgAvai / pitA mithyAtvI bhaNI dii nhiiN| pachai kapaTa zrAvaka huI zrImatInauM pANigrahaNa kIdhauM / ApaNai ghari lei giu / '1 ___ mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne hemahaMsagaNi kI gaNanA 16vIM zatAbdI meM kI hai aura Apake bAlAvabodha kA racanAkAla saM0 1501 batAyA hai / prAcInagujarAtIgadyasaMdarbha ke sampAdaka muni jinavijaya ne isakA racanAkAla saM0 1500 svIkAra kiyA hai jo ucita hai| isa racanA meM lekhaka ne 'namo siddhANaM', namo AyariyANaM, namo uvajjhAyANaM aura namo savatsAhUNaM mahAmaMtra kI vyAkhyA kI hai jaise, namo arihaMtANaM kA artha samajhAte hue Apa likhate haiM :- arihaMta je he rAgadveSa kaSAyAdika aMtaraMga ariSairI haNiyA chai / te zrI arihaMta cauvIsa atizaya, pAMtrIsa vANIguNe karI sahita samavasaraNi baiThA viharamANa chi| tehaM hauM namo kahIi mAharau namaskAra ho| ApakI bhASA viSaya ke pratipAdana meM sakSama aura sAmAnya janoM ke lie subodha thii| 15vIM zatAbdI ke ina jJAta gadyakAroM ke alAvA kucha ajJAta lekhakoM kI racanAyeM bhI prApta haiM jaise 'zIlopadezamAlA bAlAvabodha ityAdi / 15vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka Ate-Ate marugurjara gadyasAhitya ne somasundarasUri Adi samartha gadyakAroM ke mArgadarzana dvArA saphalatApUrvaka apane vikAsapatha kA eka caraNa pUrNa kiyA aura 16vIM zatAbdI meM praveza kiyaa| 1. prAcIna gujarAtI gadya sandarbha-pR0 163 2. vahI pR0 161

Page #617
600 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa marugurjara jaina gadya-sAhitya (16vIM zatAbdI) abhayadharma upAdhyAya-Apa saMbhavataH kharataragacchIya sAdhu the| Apane 'daza dRSTAnta kathAnaka bAlAvabodha'1 likhA hai| inake ziSya muni bhAnucandra the jinake pAsa prasiddha kavi banArasIdAsa ne zAstrAbhyAsa kiyA thaa| Asacandra -Apa maDAhaDagaccha ke AcArya zrI kamalaprabha ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1501 meM kalpasUtrabAlAvabodha likhA / grantha sarasa evaM paThanIya haiM / udayadhavala-Apa kamalaprabhasUri ke praziSya aura muniprabhasUri ke ziSya the / Apane SaDAvazyakasUtra para bAlAvabodha likhA / graMthArambha meM saMskRta chaMdoM meM guruparamparA dI gaI hai phira gadya meM sUtroM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isakI kucha paMktiyA~ bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM prastuta kI jA rahI haiM : 'pahila usakala maMgalIkana mUla zrI jinazAsananauM sAra / igyAra aMge cauda pUrvanu uddhAra / sadaiva zAstratau / zrI paMcaparameSThi mahAmaMtra naukAra / ' anta- 'pratyAkhyAna bAlAvabodhaH cha / cauhatha adhikAra saMpUrNa hui cha / zrI SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha saMpUrNa huu| ahamAMhi cyAri adhikAra pahilau adhikAra devavaMdana / ' udayavallabhasUri-Apa vRddhatapAgacchIya vidvAn saMta the| Apane saM0 1520 ke lagabhaga 'kSetrasamAsa bAlAvabodha' likhaa| jJAnasAgarasUri Apake yogya ziSya the jinhoMne saM0 1517 meM vimalanAthacaritra likhA thA jisakA gurjara bhASAntara ho cukA hai| kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya-Apa bRhakharataragaccha ke AcArya zrI jinaharSa. sUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1574 ke AsapAsa lokAzAha ke maMtavyoM ke uttara meM eka huDI likhI jisakA nAma hai 'siddhAntasAroddhAra-samya. ktvollAsa Tippanaka' / isakI tIna-cAra pratilipiyoM kA paricaya mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne jainagurjara kaviyoM bhAga 3 meM diyA hai / kuzalabhuvanagaNi-Apane saM0 1517 meM 'sattarIprakaraNa bAlAvabodha likhaa| guNadhIragaNi-Apane mUla saMskRta racanA para 'siddhahaimaAkhyAna bAlAvabodha likhA hai| 1. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA-rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya 2. zrI mo0 da* desAI-jai* ga0 kavi0 - bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1591 3. vahI pR0 1582

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601 maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya jayacandasUri-Apa tapAgaccha ke prasiddha AcArya zrI ratnazekharasUri ke praziSya aura zrIlakSmIsAgarasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1518 meM 'causaraNa adhyayana bAlAvabodha' likhaa| karNapura grAma meM tilaka kalyANa gaNi dvArA likhita isakI pratilipi jaisalamera bhadrasUri jJAnabhaNDAra meM (surakSita hai| jayavallabha-Apake kAvya sAhitya kA paricaya padyakhaNDa meM diyA jA cukA hai / gadya meM bhI ApakI eka racanA kI sUcanA milatI hai| Apane saM0 1530 se pUrva hI 'zIlopadezamAlA bAlAvabodha' likhA hogA kyoMki jJAnadhIragaNi dvArA likhita isakI isI saMvat kI pratilipipa ttana jJAnabhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| jinasUri--ApatapAgacchIya AcArya sAdhubhUSaNa ke ziSya the| sAdhubhUSaNa suprasiddha AcArya somasundarasUri kI paramparA meM vizAlarAja ke ziSya the| Apane 16vIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika caraNa meM hI 'gautamapRcchA bAlAvabodha' likhA, jisakI antima paMktiyA~ nimnalikhita hai : 'zrIsomasundarAcArya munisundara vAgsudhAM, pItvA vizAlarAjendra sudhAbhUSaNa se vinA, zrI gautamapRcchAyA bAlAvabodha usamaH likhito munivijaya gaNinAM harSapUreNa bhAvataH likhito jinasUreNa harSapUreNa bhAvata : / / vizAlarAja kRta 'gautamapRcchA bAlAvabodha' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / zAyada yaha eka hI bAlAvabodha ho jise vizAlarAja ne prArambha kiyA ho aura jinasUri ne pUrNa kiyA ho / isakI antima paMktiyoM se munivijaya aura jinasUri donoM isake lekhaka mAlUma par3ate haiM / bahuta kucha saMmbhava hai ki gautamapRcchA ke ye donoM saMyukta lekhaka rahe hoN| dharmadevagaNi-Apa kIrtiratna ke ziSya zrIkSAntiratna ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1515 meM 'SaSTizataka bAlAvabodha' likhaa| yaha bAlAvabodha taporatnakRta SaSTizataka kI TIkA para AdhArita hai / inake sambandha meM vivaraNa padyakhaMDa meM diyA jA cukA hai| nannasUri-Apa koraMTagaccha ke sAvadevasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1543 meM khaMbhAta nagara meM 'upadezamAlA bAlAvabodha' likhaa| yaha racanA 1. mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI-jaina gurjara kavi-bhAga 3, khaMDa 1, pR0 1585 2. vahI pR0 1579

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602 marugu-rjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa rAyala esiyATika sosAiTI, laMdana se prakAzita ho cukI hai / nannasUri ke ziSya guNavarddhana dvArA likhita isakI prati briTizamyUjiyama meM surakSita hai / DaoN0 TI0 ena0 deva ne isakA upayoga apanI pustaka ' meM kiyA hai / zrIsUri ke saMbandha meM vivaraNa padyakhaMDa meM diyA jA cukA hai / upadezamAlA bAlAvabodha ke prArambha meM nannasUri ne likhA hai 'jinavarendra tIrthaGkara namaskarI nai hauM guru ne upadezu i upadeza taNi zreNi kahisu / jinavarendra kisiyA chai / iMdra anai narendra rAjA ne pUjita chai / vali kisiyA chaI / tribhuvana nA guru chai / racanA ke anta kI kucha paMktiyA isa prakAra haiM: "je maI ajANatai hUtaiM / akSara mAtrAiM uchauM kahiUM hui / vItarAganA muMha thakI nIkalI vANI / zruta devatA te mAhajaM sahUvamaDa / " isa bhASA meM gurjara tatva kI pradhAnatA hai kintu bhASA marugurjara hI hai / ApakA vihAra dUra-dUra taka hotA rahatA thA ataH Apako bhASA pUrva pracalita marugurjara se kathamapi bhinna nahIM hai / ApakA janma sirohI rAjya ke hamIrapura nAmaka sthAna meM huA thA aura prAyaH nAgaura, jodhapura Adi rAjasthAnI nagaroM aura aMcaloM meM Apa adhika vihAra karate the, ataH ApakI bhASA meM rAjasthAnI kA vizeSa prabhAva svAbhAvika hI hai / Apake ziSyoM kI saMkhyA kAphI thI jinameM se kucha sulekhaka bhI the / * Apake kisI ziSya ne 'sattarIkarmagraMtha bAlAvabodha' likhA hai / isake prArambha kI paMktiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM 'gaNahara pAya nameyaM, samarI guru pAsacaMda sUriMda sattari kamma vicAraM, kahiyaM riSi kuMbha supasAraM '5 1. A Study of the Gujarati Language in 16th century. 2. desAI - jaina gurjara kavi - bhAga 3, pR0 1577-92 3. vahI 4. Apa hamIrapura nivAsI poravADa zrI velagasAha ke putra the / ApakI mAtA kA nAma vimalA deva thA / ApakA janma saM0 1537 meM huA thaa| Apako 28 varSa kI Ayu meM AcArya pada prApta huA / 5. ena0 vI0 diveTiyA - gujarAtI bhASA aura sAhitya pR0 49

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maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya sattarI karmagraMtha eka gambhIra racanA hai| prastuta bAlAvabodha mAtra TavvA hai / isake lekhaka RSi kuMbha ho sakate haiN| 'navatattva bAlAvabodha bhI inhIM kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| eka navatattvabAlA kI carcA somasundarasUri ke sAtha kI jA cukI hai / eka anya navatattvabAlA0 kA udAharaNa zrI diveTiyAjI ne apane grantha meM diyA hai jisakA lekhanakAla unhoMne saM0 1581 batAyA hai| ho sakatA hai ki yaha racanA bhI pArzvacanda kI ho / isakI do paMktiyA~ uddha ta haiM 'kitalI golI ajamA pIpalI mirI bhAraMgI suThi pramukha dravya karI jAnI hui vAta vAya phiDai / / upAdhyAya mahimAsAgara-Apa aMcalagacchIya jayakezarisUri ke ziSya the / Apane 'SaDAvazyakavivaraNasaMkSepArtha' likhA hai| jayakezarisUri kA samaya saM0 1494 se saM0 1542 taka mAnA jAtA hai ataH Apake ziSya mahimAsAgara kI prastuta racanA 16vIM zatAbdI meM hI kisI samaya racI gayI hogii| mahIratna-Apane 16vIM zatAbdI meM kisI samaya 'navatattvabAlAvabodha' likhA / navatattva para aneka bAlAvabodha likhe gye| ataH inake lekhakoM ke sambandha meM kahIM-kahIM bhrama ho gayA hai| jaba taka ye racanAyeM prakAzita na hoM aura eka sAtha unake mUla pAThoM kA milAna karanA saMbhava na ho jAya taba taka inake sambandha meM nizcita vivaraNa de pAnA kaThina hai| pAvacandra -Apa bRhattapA nAgorI tapAgaccha ke sAdhu sAdhuratna ke ziSya the| Apa marugurjara gadya evaM padya sAhitya ke mahAn sraSTA ho gaye haiM / Apane dharma kI bar3I prabhAvanA kI aura Apake nAma para eka gaccha cala pdd'aa| Apake sambandha meM vivaraNa evaM kAvyasAhitya kA paricaya kAvyakhaNDa meM diyA jA cukA hai / gadyasAhitya ke antargata bhI Apane prabhUta racanAyeM kI haiM, unameM AcArAMga bAlA0, dazavaikAlikasUtra bAlA0, aupapAtikasUtra bAlA0, sUtrakRtAMga bAlA0, sAdhupratikramaNasUtra bAlA0, rAyapaseNIsUtra bAlA0, navatattva bAlA0, praznavyAkaraNasUtra bAlA0, bhASA nA 42 bhedano bAlA0, jaMbUcaritabAlA0, taMdulabeyAlIyapayannA bAlA0, cauzaraNa prakIrNaka bAlA0 ke alAvA pratimA, sAmAcArI aura pAkhI para carcA tathA lokA 1. desAI--jaina gurjara kavi-bhAga 3, pR0 1757-1592 2. vahI 3. vahI

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604 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa sAthai 122 bolanI carcA Adi ApakI vizeSa ullekhanIya racanAyeM haiM / gadya aura padya meM ApakI zatAdhika racanAyeM prApta haiM / cauzaraNa prakIrNaka bAlA0 kI racanA saM0 1597 phAlguna meM huii| yaha 16vIM zatAbdI ke paripakva gadyazailI kI pratinidhi racanA hai, ataH isase udAharaNArthaM kucha paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM, Adi varddhamAna jinanatvA vaddhamAna guNAlayaM smRtvA zrIsadgurornAma vAMchitArtha pradAyakaM / prakIrNake pradhAnArthe likhyate vArtika mayA / o zrI cauzaraNAdhyayana 'paramapada prAptinau bIjArUpa chai / ' " 1 ApakI adhikAMza racanAyeM saiddhAntika viSayoM se sambandhita haiM / aMgasUtroM para saMbhavataH sarvaprathama bhASA TIkAyeM Apane hI kIM / ApakI bhASATIkAyeM tatkAlIna gadyabhASA kA svarUpa samajhane ke lie mahattvapUrNa haiM | ApakI mukhya gAdI bIkAnera meM hai, ataH ApakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI prabhAva bhI paryApta hai kintu Apa nAgaura, jodhapura ke alAvA anya sudUra sthAnoM taka vihAra karate rahate the, ataH ApakI bhASA marugurjara ke pracalita svarUpa se paryApta samAnatA rakhatI hai / pArzvacandrasUri kI racanAoM meM bhI eka 'navatattva bAlAvabodha' kA ullekha milatA hai kintu uddharaNa nahIM prApta huaa| zrI diveTiyAjI ne 'navatattva bAlAvabodha' kA eka saMkSipta uddharaNa apane grantha meM diyA hai aura usakA racanAkAla saM0 1581 batAyA hai / ho sakatA hai ki yaha 'navatattva bAlAvabodha' pArzvacandrasUri kI racanA ho / eka navatattva baal| 0 somasundarasUri kRta (saM0 1502) batAyA gayA hai / usake lekhaka kA bhI spaSTa nirdhAraNa nahIM ho sakA hai| jaba taka ina sabhI navatattvabAlA vabodhoM ke mUla pATha kA milAna na kiyA jAya taba taka inake lekhakoM kA nizcaya karanA kaThina hai / sattarIkarmagranthabAlA0 ke lekhaka ko somasundara kA aura kahIM-kahIM pAcandra kA ziSya kahA gayA hai / mANika sundarasUri - Apa vRddha tapAgacchIya bha0 ratnasiMhari ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1501 kArtika zu0 13 budhavAra ko devakula pATaNa meM 'bhavabhAvanA sUtra bAlAvabodha' likhA / yaha sUtra mUlataH maladhArI hemacaMdasUri kA racA huA hai / isakA racanAkAla saM0 1563 bhI kahIM-kahIM 1. N. B. Divetia-Gujarati Language and Lit. Vol. II, Page 49 2. desAI, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2 pR0 1577-1592

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maru - gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 605 ullikhita hai / Apa acche kavi the / Apake kavikarma kA paricaya padyakhaMDa meM diyA jA cukA hai| I 1 merusundara - Apa kharataragaccha ke vAcanAcArya zrIratnamUrti ke ziSya the / Apa 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha ke prasiddha sAhityakAra the / Apa gadya aura padya lekhana meM samAnarUpa se siddhahasta the / ApakI padya racanAoM kA paricaya padyakhaMDa meM diyA jA cukA hai| ApakI anekAneka gadya racanAyeM upalabdha haiM; unameM zatru jayastava bAlAvabodha (saM0 1518), zIlopadeza mAlA bAlAvabodha (saM0 1525 mAMDavagar3ha), SaDAvazyakasUtra zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra bAlA0 ( saM0 1525 ) puSpamAlA bAlA0 ( saM0 1528 ), paMca nirgranthI bAlA0 Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / Apane bhaktAmara para gadya meM kathA likhI hai / saM0 1534 se pUrva Apane karpUraprakaraNa bAlAvabodha' SaSTizataka vivaraNa, vRttaratnAkara bAlAvabodha, bhAvArivAraNa bAlAvabodha Adi likhA / Apane saMskRta ke alaMkAra grantha 'vidagdhamukhamaNDana' aura vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra para bhI bhASA TIkA rUpa meM bAlAvabodha banAyA / SaDAvazyakasUtra pratikramaNa bAlA0 kI racanA taruNaprabhAcArya kRta bAlAvabodha ke 'anusAra kI gaI hai / yaha racanA kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinacandrasUri ke Adeza para kI gaI thI / isakI aneka hastapratiyA~ prApta haiM | AnandavimalasUri ke ziSya zrI vIravimalagaNi aura anya ziSyoM ne inakI kaI racanAoM jaise paMcanirgranthI bAlA0, yogazAstra bAlA0, Adi kI hastapratiyA~ likhI haiM / una dinoM bAlAvabodha ke prArambha se saMskRta meM nibaddha padya likhane kI paripATI cala par3I thI aura prAyaH sabhI bAlAvabodhoM ke prArambha meM saMskRtapadya milate haiM / udAharaNArtha zIlopadezamAlA bAlAvabodha ke prArambha meM nimnalikhita padya diyA gayA hai :-- 'zrI vAmeya mameya zrI sahitaM mahitaM suraiH, praNipatya satyabhaktyA'nantAtizaya zAlinaH / zrI jinacandra guruNAmAdezAna merusundara vineyaH, zIlopadezamAlA vivRNoti zizu prabodhAya / ' isake anta meM merusundarajI likhate haiM : 'tatvavrata caMdra mite varSe harSeNa meruNA racitaH, tAvannandatu so'yaM yAvajjinavIra tIrthamidaM / ' 2 1. desAI - jai0 gu0 ka0, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1579 2. desAI, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, khaMDa pR0 1582

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa yaha racanA saMghapati dhanarAja ke Agraha para kI gaI thii| raMgaratnopAdhyAya-Apane saM0 1582 meM 'rUpakamAlA bAlA0' likhA / isake mUla lekhaka zrI puNyanandi the / rUpakamAlA marugurjara bhASA meM likhI 32 padyoM kI eka mahattvapUrNa racanA hai jisapara saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiN| zrI raMgaratna ne yaha TIkA marugurjara gadya meM kI hai| isake alAvA suprasiddha kavi samayasundara ne bhI isa para saM0 1663 meM saMskRta bhASA meM cUrNI likhI hai| rAjazIla-Apa kharataragacchIya sAdhuharSa ke ziSya the| Apa uttama kavi aura sakSama gadyakAra the| Apane 'vikramacarita caupaI', haribala caupai Adi kaI padyabaddha racanAyeM kI haiM jinakA ullekha padyakhaMDa meM kiyA jA cukA hai| gadya meM ApakI prasiddha racanA 'sindUraprakaraNa bAlAvabodha' prApta hai|' rAjahaMsa Apane dazavakAlika bAlAvabodha aura 'pravacana sAra' nAmaka gadya racanAyeM pravAhapUrNa marugurjara bhASA meM prastuta kI haiN| vidyAkoti- Apane saM0 1505 meM hisAradurga meM 'jIvaprabodhaprakaraNa bhASA' nAmaka gadya racanA kii| abhayacandragaNi dvArA likhita isakI prati prApta hai| vizAlarAja-Apa tapAgaccha ke prasiddha sAdhu munisundarasUri ke ziSya the / Apane saM0 1505 ke AsapAsa 'gautamapRcchA bAlA' kI racanA kii| ApakI carcA pahale muni sundarasUri ke prasaMga meM kI jA cukI hai| zivasundara-Apane saM0 1569 meM khIMvasara nAmaka sthAna meM 'gautamapRcchA bAlAvabodha' likhaa| gautamapRcchA mahatvapUrNa racanA hai, ataH usapara kaI bAlAvabodha likhe gaye haiN| lukaTamatanirloDhanarAsa (saM0 1595) ke lekhaka zrI zivasundara kI carcA padyakhaMDa meM kI gaI hai| prastuta gautamapRcchA ke lekhaka zivasundara 'lukaTamatanirloDhanarAsa' ke lekhaka zivasundara eka hI vyakti ho sakate haiM, kyoMki donoM kA racanAkAla prAyaH samAna hI hai| 1. agaracanda nAhaTA, rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya-pR0 229 2. vahI pR0 229 3. vahI 4. desAI, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, pR0 1580 5. vahI pR0 1500 aura rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya pR0 229

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maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya samaracandra-Apa suprasiddha AcArya pArzvacandra ke ziSya the| Apane padya meM zreNikarAsa stuti, pAvacandrasUri, mahAvIrastavana Adi kaI racanAyeM kI haiM jinakA vivaraNa padyakhaMDa meM diyA jA cukA hai| Apake pitA kA nAma bhImAzAha aura mAtA kA nAma bAlAde thaa| ApakA janma saM0 1560 meM huaa| Apako saM0 1604 meM AcArya pada prApta huaa| ApakA svargavAsa saM0 1626 meM huA ataH Apa 17vIM zatAbdI ke prathamacaraNa ke lekhaka haiN| Apane marugurjara meM kaI bAlAvabodha likhe haiM, inameM saMstAraka prakIrNaka bAlAvabodha, SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha aura uttarAdhyayana bAlAvabodha prasiddha gadya racanAyeM haiN| sAdhusundaragaNi-Apane uktivyaktiprakaraNaM kI zailI para apanI prasiddha racanA 'uktiratnAkara' likhI hai / DA0 zivaprasAda siMha ne apane zodhagrantha meM isake atirikta isa prakAra kI anya racanAoM-'uktIyaka' aura 'auktika padAni' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai kintu inake lekhaka ajJAta haiN| ye racanAyeM bhI 16vIM zatAbdI kI batAI gaI haiN| inase pUrva racita 'uktivyaktivivRtti kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| saMvegadevagaNi-Apa tapAgacchIya bhaTTAraka ratnazekharasUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1513 meM piMDavizuddhi meM zailI para bAlAvabodha bhASA TIkA kii| saM01514 meM Apane 'AvazyakapIThikA bAlAvabodha' aura ca uzaraNa payannA nAmaka gadyaracanAyeM kii| inakI lokapriyatA isase pramANita hotI hai ki ina gadya kRtiyoM kI aneka pratilipiyA~ jaina zAstrabhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiN| sundarahaMsa-Apa tapAgaccha ke AcArya sumatisAdhusUri ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1518 se saM0 1551 ke madhya 'pAsatthAvicAra' kI racanA kI hogii| isake antargata pAsatthA ke bola taduparAnta 108 anya bola haiN| inameM lukAmatAnuyAyiyoM ko cunautI dI gaI hai| yaha sAmpradAyika Agraha se yukta racanA hai| isakA sAmpradAyika khaMDana-maMDana kI dRSTi se hI kucha mahatva hogA, sAhityika mahatva nahIM ho sktaa| eka bAta jarUra hai ki prArambha meM kisI bhASA ke gadya meM oja pradhAna zailI aura abhivyanjanA kI tIvratA aisI hI khaMDana-maNDanAtmaka racanAoM se nikharatI hai| 1. desAI, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, pR0 1589.90 2. zivaprasAda siMha-sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pR0 124 3. desAI, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, khaMDa pR0 1580 4. vahI, pR0 1592

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608 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa harikalaza-Apa rAjagacchIya zrIdharmasUri dvArA sthApita dharmaghoSagaccha ke pAThaka zrI jayazekhara ke ziSya the| Apane saM0 1572 se pUrva hI vijayacandrasUri ke samaya marugurjara gadya meM 'bhuvanabhAnukevalI caritraM likhA jisakI aneka pratiyA~ vibhinna zAstrabhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiN|' hemavimalasUri-Apa tapAgaccha ke 55veM AcArya the| ApakA samaya saM0 1548 se 1568 taka mAnya hai / Apa suprasiddha kavi evaM sAhityakAra the / Apa zrI sumatisAdhusUri ke ziSya the / ApakI kAvyakRtiyoM kA ullekha padyakhaMDa meM kiyA jA cukA hai| gadya meM ApakI ekamAtra racanA 'kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha' kA ullekha zrI desAI ne kiyA hai| ina prasiddha gadyalekhakoM ke atirikta kucha aisI gadya racanAyeM bhI prApta haiM jinake lekhakoM kA nAma evaM vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM ho pAyA hai| inameM se kucha kA racanAkAla jJAta hai aura ve 16vIM zatAbdI kI racanAyeM haiN| unakA bhI yahI ullekha karanA samIcIna hai| aisI racanAoM meM yogazAstra bAlAvabodha ( saM0 1511 rahavADA grAma ), SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha (saM0 1511 koTANaka ) aura puNyAbhyudaya (saM0 1535) ullekhanIya hai / puNyAbhyudaya saMskRta mizrita marugUrjara bhASA kI racanA hai| isameM upadezaparNa laghakathAyeM gadya meM nibaddha haiN| prAkRta bhASA meM likhita nandiSeNakRta ajitazAnti stavana para saM0 1518 meM kisI ajJAta lekhaka ne bAlAvabodha banAyA hai| kalpasUtrabAlAvabodha (saM0 1538), praznottararatnamAlA bAlAvabodha (saM0 1543), upadezamAlA prakaraNa bAlAvabodha (saM0 1546), zIlopadezamAlA bAlAvabodha (saM0 1551) aura zrAddhavidhi prakaraNa bAlAvabodha (saM0 1556) Adi kucha anya gadya racanAyeM bhI 16vIM zatAbdI ke ajJAta lekhakoM kI prApta haiN| inake atirikta 16vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM jaMbUsvAmIcaritra, siddhAntavicAra, pAMDavacaritra Adi gadya racanAyeM likhI giiN| bAlAvabodha saMjJaka racanAyeM anavarata rUpa se likhI jAtI rahIM aura yogazAstra bAlAvabodha (saM0 1562) zrAvakapratikramaNa bAlAvabodha (saM 1569), upadeza ratnakoSa bAlAvabodha (saM0 1575), daMDaka bAlAvabodha karmagrantha bAlAvabodha, ArAdhanA bAlAvabodha, SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha Adi likhe gye| 1. desAI, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, 1587 2. vahI, pR0 1595

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609 maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya zrI desAI ne samartha gadyakAroM kA yathAsambhava vivaraNa diyA hai, unakI racanAoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai kintu saMbhavataH pustaka ke vistAramaya se prAyaH udAharaNa nahIM diyA hai| zrI diveTiyA ne aisI racanAoM ke kucha uddharaNa die haiN| unameM se kucha avataraNoM ko isa dRSTi se yahA~ avatarita kiyA jA rahA hai ki pAThakoM ko inase tatkAlIna gadyabhASA aura zailI kA anubhava ho skegaa| ye racanAyeM bAlAvabodha na hokara maulika granthoM ke anuvAda rUpa meM haiM ataH adhika samartha gadyazailI ke udAharaNa haiN| sarvaprathama bhuvanadIpaka ke anuvAda [saM0 1557 ] kI kucha paMktiyA~ draSTavya haiM : 'havai dhAtu taNUM svarUpa kahIzai / ju pRcchaka upamAnAtaNI pRcchA kari ju ju zukacandra pAMcam sthAnakadekhai tu kahivaM / putrajanma hushi| athavA dekhai tu putra nathI / gyA dIhADA taNaM phala bolIzi / / isa bhASA kA vizleSaNa karake zrI diveTiyA ne likhA hai ki yaha Adhunika gujarAtI se pUrva kI bhASA (arthAt maru-gurjara) hai| dUsarA udAharaNa 'svapnAdhyAya' ke anuvAda (saM0 1582) se diyA jA rahA hai, yathA : 'prAsAda mAhi jami samudramAhi tari tu gulAmani kuli janma hui tupaNa rAjA hui / nAvye car3hI ani cAli tu je koi gamAtari gIu hui te AvIUtAvala e vicAra / '2 anta meM saM0 1571 meM likhita 'aMbaDakathA' kA eka avataraNa dekara yaha smaraNa karAnA cAhatA hU~ ki jaina lekhakoM dvArA 16vIM zatAbdI taka padya aura gadya meM maru-gurjara bhASA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA, unakI bhASA meM prAntIya vibheda nahI pAyA jAtA, ataH samasta jaina sAhitya cAhe rAjasthAna, gujarAta yA anya kisI AsapAsa ke sthAna meM likhA gayA ho vaha maru gurjara bhASA kA sAhitya hai, yathA 'hu~ karabaka / mAharupitA aMbaDa janmalagai daridrI nirdhana dhananai kIdhai sarvatra bhamaI / mantra yantra oSadha te dhamanAdi ghaNaMi karai Na pa kAiMdhana na paamii| jAtu jAtu dhanagiri parvatiM zrI gorakha yoginI samIpa giu / ' 1. desAI, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2 pR0 1587 2. Shri N. B. Divatia-Gujarati Language and Literature Vol. II, Page 46 49 3. Ibid.

Page #627
610 maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya isa bhASA meM rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI tathA hindI kA prAcIna rUpa, tatsama zabdoM ke prayoga kI pravRtti aura prasAdaguNa sampanna gadyabhASA-zailI kA Agraha spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai| aba taka kI bhASA-zailI kA yahI prati. nidhi rUpa hai| maru-gurjara kA gadyasAhitya bar3A prAcIna evaM samRddha hai| isa sambandha meM DaoN0 acala zarmA kA zodhaprabandha 'rAjasthAnI gadya kA udbhava aura vikAsa' (prakAzita) paThanIya hai| jaina vidvAnoM dvArA bAlAvabodha evaM TavvA saMjJaka gadyaracanAoM kI paramparA 14vIM zatAbdI se prArambha hokara 15vIM zatAbdI meM vikasita hotI haI 16vIM zatAbdI meM pUrNatA ko prApta huii| isa kAla meM gadyabaddha bAlAvabodha na kevala mUla prAkRta yA saMskRta granthoM para likhe gaye apitu padya racanAoM kI bhI gadyAtmaka TIkAyeM kI jAne lagI kyoMki ati. saMkSipta aura kAvya sImA ke kAraNa sAmAnya pAThakoM ke lie ye racanAyeM durbodha thIM jaise rUpakamAlA kI carcA pahale kI jA cakI hai| upadezamAlA Adi kaI granthoM meM kevala artha hI nahIM samajhAyA gayA hai balki dRSTAntasvarUpa aneka prAsaMgika kathAyeM bhI artha ke vivecanArtha dI gaI haiN| gadya meM varNana kauzala evaM padyAnusArI anuprAsAtmakatA kA bhI vikAsa ho gayA thA jaise 'mutkalAnuprAsa' nAmaka varNanasaMgraha ke vivaraNa tukAnta gadya meM haiN| hemanta kA varNana isa prasaMga meM avalokanIya hai :__ 'ati vasaMta, aviyoritahemanta / jihAM sIyamAjhara, tulAie pUDhIi, bhalI tulAI uDhIi / ati hI moTI, pralaMba doThI, oTi besaI, sIyAlahui hsiN|' isakI bhASA maru-gurjara yA purAnI hindI hai / ___ jaina sAhityakAra prAyaH muni hI rahe haiM, ataH unake dvArA racita sAhitya dhArmika bhAvanA se ota-prota hai| ina racanAoM meM AcAryoM kI prazasti, niyama, vrata-tIrtha Adi kA varNana, tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti Adi kA bAhulya hai / ina lekhakoM ne aMdhazraddhA aura atiraMjana-prazasti ke moha-jAla meM phaMsa kara na to rAjasthAnI cAraNoM kI taraha itihAsa kI anadekhI kI hai aura na hI vizuddha kalAbAjI kA pradarzana inakA lakSya rahA hai balki inhoMne abhivyakti kI saralatA, subodhatA, sahajatA aura viSaya kI prAmANikatA kA sadaiva dhyAna rakhA hai| kharataragacchIya AcArya zAntisAgarasUri kI prazasti se sambandhita kucha paMktiyA~ prastuta haiM_ 'amhArA guru khArataragaccha nAyaka, AnandadAyaka, zrI kSAntisAgarasUri vaNitA sAbhaMli / kisA aka te guru jodhapura isai nAmi karI mahAsthAna abhinava devaloka samAna / '

Page #628
maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 611 isameM bhI tukAnta kA Agraha dekhA jA sakatA hai / " yaha tukAnta gadyazailI prArambha se hI sabhI samavartI bhASAoM jaise maithilI, vraja, khar3IbolI Adi ke AdikAlIna gadya meM dikhAI par3atI hai aura isakI carcA prArambha meM kI jA cukI hai isa prakAra isa kAla taka maru- gurjara gadya kI vyAkhyAtmaka bAlAvabodha zailI aura anuprAsAtmaka jhaMkAramayI lalita zailI kA paryApta vikAsa ho gayA thA /

Page #629
sahAyaka grantha-sUcI prAcIna grantha apabhraMzakAvyatrayI (apabhraMza)-jinadattasUri, saMpA0 paM0 lAlacaMda bhagavAna dAsa gAMdhI, baDodarA, 1927 I0 Aina-e-akabarI- abuja phajala, aMgrejI anuvAdaka eca0 Dalocamaina, kalakattA, 1939 I0 AbUrAsa- pAlhaNaputra, rAjasthAnI, bhAga 3, aMka 1 meM prakAzita uktivyaktiprakaraNa-paM0 dAmodara amitibhavaprapaJcakathA- siddharSi, bambaI 1920 I0 kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa-jinaprabhasUri, saMpA. jinavijaya, kalakattA 1934 I0 kAdambarI-bANabhaTTa, saMpA0 kAzInAtha pANDuraGga paraba, bambaI 1890 I0 kAnhaDadeprabandha-padmanAbha, saMpA0 kAntilAla baladevarAma vyAsa, jayapura, 1953 I. kAvyamImAMsA-rAjazekhara, hindI anuvAda sahita, anuvAdaka-gaMgAsAgara rAya __vArANasI, 1964 I0 kumArapAlapratibodha-somaprabhAcArya, saMpA0 jinavijaya, baDodarA, 1922 I0 kuvalayamAlAkahA-udyotanasUri, saMpA0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, bambaI, 1959-70 I0 goDavaho-vAkpatirAja, pUnA, 1927 I0 jasaharacariu-puSpadanta, saMpA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, kAraMjA, 1931 I0 jinadasacariu-rAjasiMha aparanAma ralha, saMpA0 mAtAprasAda gupta evaM kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura, 1966 I0 NAyakumAracariu |naagkumaarcrit)-pusspdNt, saMpA0 hIrAlAla jaina, kAraMjA, 1933 I0 milakamaJjarI-dhanapAla, saMpA0 muni lAvaNyavijaya, ahamadAbAda, 1952 I0

Page #630
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 613 paumacariu -vimalasUri, saMpA0 munipuNyavijaya, bhAga 1-2, vArANasI, 1962-68 I0 paumacariu-svayaMbhU, saMpA0 harivallabha cUnIlAla bhayANI, bhAga 1-3, ___bambaI 1949-60 I0 paumasirIcariu-dhAhila, saMpA0 madhusUdana modI evaM harivallabha cUnIlAla bhayANI, bambaI, 1948 I0 paramAtmaprakAza-yogIndu, saMpA0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, bambaI, 1937 I0 pAhuDadohA-munirAmasiMha, saMpA0 DA. hIrAlAla jaina, kAraMjA, 1933 I0 prabandhacintAmaNi-merutuMga, saMpA0 jinavijaya, zAMtiniketana, 1933 I0 prabandhakoSa-rAjazekhara, saMpA0 jinavijaya, kalakattA, 1935 I0 prAkRtapaiGgalam-hemacandra, saMpA0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa, vArANasI, 1959 I0 prAkRtaprakAza-vararuci, saMpA0 anuvAdaka-kamalAzaMkara prANazaMkara trivedI, __navasArI, 1957 I0 bRhatkathAkoza-hariSeNa, saMpA0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, bambaI. 1943 I0 mahAnayaprakAza-zitikaMThAcArya, saMpA0 mukundarAmazAstrI, zrInagara, 1918 I. mahApurANa-puSpadanta, saMpA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, bambaI 1937 I0 mahAbhASya-pataMjali, saMpA0 kIlahAna, bambaI, 1892-1909 I0 yazastilakacampa-somadevasUri, saMpA0 anuvAdaka-paM0 sundaralAla zAstrI, vArANasI, 1971 I0 rAmacaritamAnasa-gosvAmI tulasIdAsa, saMpA0 hanumAnaprasAda poddAra , __gorakhapura lIlAvai-kautUhala, saMpA0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, bambaI, 1949 I0 varNaratnAkara-jyotIzvara ThAkura, saMpA0 sunItikumAra caTarjI, kalakattA, 1940 I0 vajjAlaggaM-pravarasena, hindI anuvAdaka-vizvanAtha pAThaka, vArANasI, 1984 I0

Page #631
614 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya vasudeva hiNDI-saMghadAsagaNi, aMgrejI anuvAdaka-jagadIzacandra jaina, ahamadA bAda, 1977 I0 vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra-vAgbhaTTa, saMpA0 udayavIra zAstrI, lAhaura, vi0 saM0 1992 samarAiccakahA-haribhadra, saMpA0 ema0 sI0 modI, pUnA, 1935-36 I0 saMdezarAsaka-abdula rahamAna, saMpA0 jinavijaya evaM harivallabha cunIlAla bhayANI, bambaI, 1945 I0 setubandha-pravarasena, hindI anuvAdaka-DA0 raghuvaMza, dillI sthUlibhadrarAsa-dharmaka vi, hindI sAhitya anuzIlana, varSa 7, aMka 3 meM prakAzita tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha- jaya zekharasUri, saMpA0. paM0 lAla canda bhagavAna gAMdhI, baDodarA, 1921 I0 grantha-bhaNDAroM ke sUcIpatra Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit MSS in the Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute, Part I-XXII, Jodhpur. A Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit MSS at Fort Jodhpur, Part I and II, Jodhpur-1986 Catalogue of Gujarati Manuscripts of Muni Shree __Punyavijayaji's Collection, Ahmedabad-1978 Amera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura kI granthasUcI-jayapura, vIra saM0 2475 rAjasthAna ke jainazAstra bhaNDAroM kA sUcIpatra-bhAga 1-5 jayapura rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja bhAga 1-saM0 DA0 motIlAla menAriyA bhAga 2-saM0 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, jayapura, 1942-1949 I0 arvAcIna grantha kAmila bulke- rAmakathA, prayAga, 1950 I0

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 615 kAsalIvAla, kastUracanda - kavivara bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi, jayapura, 1979 I0 kochar3a, harivaMza - apabhraMza - sAhitya, dillI, vi0 saM0 2013 gupta, ramezacandra - tIrthaGkara, buddha aura avatAra : eka adhyayana, vArANasI, 1987 I0 caTarjI, gaurIzaMkara -- harSavardhana, ilAhAbAda - jagadIza prasAda - DiMgala sAhitya jaina, kAmatA prasAda - hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, banArasa, 1946 I0 jaina, nemicanda - hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana ( bhAga 1-2 ) bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI jaina, nemicanda - hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, bhAga 1- 2, vArANasI jaina, premasAgara - jaina bhaktikAvya aura kRti, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI jaina, rAjArAma - "apabhraMza bhASA ke saMdhikAlIna mahAkavi raidhU" AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha, kalakattA, 1961 I0 jaina, sAgaramala - saMpA0 'pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna svarNa jayantI smArikA', vArANasI, 1987 I0 jaina, sAgaramala - jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 1-2 jayapura, 1982 I0 jaina, hIrAlAla - bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla, 1962 I0 nAhaTA, agaracanda - madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya [ paramparAvizeSAMka ], jodhapura TesITorI, ela0 pI0 - purAnI rAjasthAnI anu0 - nAmavara siMha, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI dalAla, cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI - prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha, bhAga - 1, dvitIya saMskaraNa, baDodarA, 1978 I0 desAI, mohanalAla dalIcaMda jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, bambaI, 1933 I0 -

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616 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya tivArI, bhagavAnadAsa-hindI jaina sAhitya tomara, rAmasiMha-prAkRta apabhraMza sAhitya aura unakA hindI para prabhAva, prayAga, 1963 I0 dvivedI, hajArI prasAda-hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA, 1952 I0 desAI, mohanalAla dalIcaMda jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1-3, bambaI, 1931-44 I0 narottama-saMkSipta rAjasthAnI vyAkaraNa nAmavara siMha --hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, ilAhAbAda, 1952 I0 nAhaTA, agaracaMda-prAcIna kAvyarUpoM kI paramparA, bIkAnera nAhaTA, agaracaMda-aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, kalakattA, saM0 1994 nAhaTA, agaracaMda-jaina maru-gurjara kavi aura unakI racanAyeM nAhaTA, agaracaMda-saMpA. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura, 1977 I0 premI, nAthUrAma-hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, bambaI bihArIlAla-bhaTTAraka sakalakIti : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva [zodha prabandha] mizra, vizvanAtha prasAda-hindI sAhitya kA atIta, bhAga-1, vArANasI mukhtAra jugalakizora-jainagrantha prazasti saMgraha, dillI, 1954 I0 muni, jinavijaya-jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya, bhAvanagara, 1926 I0 muni, jinavijaya-prAcIna gurjara gadya saMdarbha, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1986 menAriyA, motIlAla-rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga menAriyA, motIlAla-DiMgala meM vIrarasa mehatA, candrakAnta-madhyakAlano sAhitya prakAra, bambaI rAThaura, pRthvIcaMda-'kasana rukminIrI beli' hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa saM0 AcArya rAmacandra zukla pR0 159-160

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya rAvala, anantarAya - gujarAtI sAhitya rAvakA, premacanda -- mahAkavi brahmajinadAsa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, mahAvIra grantha akAdamI, jayapura varmA, rAmakumAra hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, ilAhAbAda, 1958 I0 zarmA, candradhara - purAnI hindI, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 2005 zarmA, rAmavilAsa - bhASA aura samAja, naI dillI, 1961 I0 zarmA, vinayamohana - hindI ko marAThI saMtoM kI dena zAstrI, kezavarAma - kavicarita 617 zAstrI, haraprasAda - saMpA0 bauddhagAnao dohA, kalakattA, baMgasavat 1358 zukla, rAmacandra - hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, prayAga, vi0saM0 1997 zukla, hariprasAda gajAnana - gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI ko dena sAMkRtyAyayana, rAhula - hindI kAvya dhArA, prayAga, 1945 I0 zrIvAstava, harimohana - madhyakAlIna hindI gadya, ilAhAbAda sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla evaM pArekha, somAbhAI - ( saMpA0 ) prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, baDodarA, 155 I0 siMha, vAsudeva -- apabhraMza aura hindI sAhitya meM jaina rahasyavAda, vArANasI vi0 saM0 2022 siMha, zivaprasAda - sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, vArANasI sUri, vijayadharmaM [ saMpA0 ] -- aitihAsika jaina rAsa saMgraha - bhAga 1-4, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1972-1977 harIza, harizaMkara - AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya, ilAhAbAda harIza, harizaMkara - AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya zodha, ilAhAbAda, 1966 I0 aMgrejI grantha 1. A discriptive catalogue of Bardic & Hist. Manus - cripts See I Part II - L. P. Tessitory

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618 maru-gurjara jaina gadya sAhitya 2. The Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan--Col. Tod. London, 1920 3. A study of Gujarati Language-T. N. Deo. 4, Historical Grammar of Apabhramsha-Dr. Gajanan ___V. Tagare, Deccan College. Poona, 1948 5. History of Jain Monarchism-Dr. S. B. Deo. Poona, 1956 6. Hist of Gujarati language and literature-N. B. Divatia. 7. Linguistic survey of India.-G.A. Grierson, Calcutta, 1928 8. Military memoirs-George Tomas 9. Origin and development of Bengali Language--Dr Suniti Kumar Chattergee, Calcutta, 1926 patra-patrikAyeM 1. anekAnta 2. jJAnodaya 3. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka 4. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA 5. paramparA 6. braja bhAratI 7. maru-bhAratI 8. mAdhurI 9. rAjasthAna bhAratI 10. zodha patrikA 11. hindI anuzIlana 12. hindI sAhitya sammelana patrikA 13. hindI sAhitya sammelana ke kArya vivaraNa, bhAga 2,6,7 aura 9

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anukramaNikA 582 aMcalagacchanAyakagururAsa 227, aNuvayarayaNapaIu 137 228 aNuvrataratnapradIpa 137 aMcalamatanirAkaraNa 297 aticAracaupAi 423 aMjanAcaritra 447 atizayastavana 423 aMjanAsundarIcaritra 223 anantavratarAsa 380 aMtaraMgarAsa 212 anastabhitavratasaMdhi 538 aMtaraMgasandhi 133 anAthIRSicaupAi 564 aMbaDarAsa 441 anAthIkulaka 210 aMbaDacaritra (saMskRta) 498 anAthIcaupAi 429 akSayanidhipUjA 547 anAthImunicaupAI 211: agar3adattarAsa 446 anAthIsaMdhi 88 acaladAsakhIMcIrI vacanikA antakAlaArAdhanA 431 antaraMgarAsa 88 acaladAsakhIMcIvacanikA 286 antarIkapArvajinachanda 478 ajAputrarAsa 405, 431 abhayakumArazreNika rAsa 395, ajitajinesararAsa 380 520 ajitazAMtistava 235 abhidhAnacintAmaNi 57 ajitazAMtistavana 264, 267 amarakumArarAsa 344 ajitazAMtistavana bAlAvabodha amaradvAsaptatikA 423 amararatnasUriphAgu 559 ajitazAMtistotra 113 amarasenacariu 454 ajiyapurANa (ajitapurANa) amarasenavayarasena caupAi 468 amarUzataka 95 aThArapApasthAnaparihArabhASA ambaDacaupAi 497 431 ambikAdevIpUrvabhavatalaharA 218. aThArahanAtarAMsambandha 563 ambikAdevIrAsa 380 aThAvIsamUlaguNarAsa 381 / / arahaMtagIta 407 aNathamIkathA 51 arbudagiritIrthabiMbaparimANa 490

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620 saMkhyAyutastavana 464 abu dacaityapravADI 413 arbudAcalavInatI 235 arbudAcahIyAlI 285 abu dAlaMkArazrIyugAdidevastavana 244 avaMti sukumAla sajjhAya 408, 410 avasthAkulaka 113 aSTakarmavicAra 431 -aSTamIstavana 292 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya aSTAdazatIrthabAvanI 238 aSTApadabAvanI 238 aSTApadastavana 292 aSTAhikA gIta 505 aSTAhnikApUjA 288 arhanna sAdhu gIta 431 A~kha kAnasaMvAda 511 Aina-e-akabarI 10 AkAzapaMcamIkathA 380 -AgamachatrIsI 423 AgamasAra 288 AcArAGga bAlAvabodha 603 AThamadanIsajjhAya 478 AtmarAgarAsa 510 AtmasaMbodhanakAvya 546 AdijinavInatI 407 AdinAthajanmAbhiSeka 271, 272, 466 AdinAthadevarAsadhavala 522 AdinAthadhavala 256, 257 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye 540 AdinAthabhAsa 478 AdinAtharatta 489 AdinAtharAsa 380 AdinAthavinatI 524, 525 AdipurANa (saMskRta) 287 AdIzvara phAgu 545, 546 AdIzvaravInatI 301 AdIzvarastavana 423, 431, 465 AdrakakumAra-dhavalasUr3a 395 AdrakakumAravivAhalu 522 AdhyAtmagIta 113 Anandatilaka 159, 160 anandatilaka ( kavitA ) 263, 264 AnandaprathamopAsaka saMdhi 198 99 AnandavimalasUrirAsa 489, 490, 496,528, 570 AnandavimalasU risajjhAya 496, 528 AbUrAsa 129, 130, 131, 133 AbhANakaratnAkara 577 ArAdhanAnAnI 423, 491 ArAdhanApratibodhasAra 288, 289 ArAdhanAbAlAvabodha 608 ArAdhanA moTI 423, 491 ArAdhanArAsa 490 ArAdhanAsaMkSepa 491

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anukramaNikA 621 // ArAmanandanacaupAi 365, 410 / udayanakumAracaritra 559 ArAmazobhAcaupAi 497 udAyirAjaSisaMdhi 533, 534 ArAmazobhArAsa 346 uddharaNakathA 59 AloyaNavinatI 478, 480 unatIsabhAvanA 423 AlhakhaMDa 63 upadezakaMdalI 118 AvazyakaakSarapramANasajjhAya upadezakArakakko 385 508 upadezakulaka 53 AvazyakaTIkAbAlAvabodha 607 upadezagIta 492 AvazyakasUtrAvacUri 176 upadezacintAmaNi 235 ASAr3habhatiprabandha 294 / upadezamAlA 165 ASAr3habhUtirAsa 508 upadezamAlAkathAnaka 199, 334 ASAr3habhUtisajjhAya 400 upadezamAlAprakaraNabAlAvabodha ikSukAracaupAi 351 608 icchApariNAmacaupAi 444 upadezamAlAbAlAvabodha 298, ilAtIputrasajjhAya 510, 511 597, 601-2 ilAputracaritra 450, 451 upadezaratnakozabAlAvabodha 608 ilAputrarAsa 498 upadezarasAyana 76 ilAprakAracaityaparipATI 325 upadezarasAyanarAsa 17, 52,. ilAyacIputrasajjhAya 92 112 uktiratnAkara 576 upadezarahasyagIta 423 uktivyaktiprakaraNa 15, 72, upadezasaptatikAsvopajJavRtti 157, 576, 590 uktivyaktivivRtti 607 upadezasAraratnakoza 508 uttamakumAracaritra 368 upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA 58,89, uttamacaritracaupAi 453 110 uttarapurANa 36, 38 uvaesamAlakahANayachappaya 165 uttarapurANa (saMskRta) 287 UesArAsa 403 uttarAdhyayanachatrIsI 423 USAharaNa 488 uttarAdhyayanabAlAvabodha 607 RSabhadAsagIta 390 uttarAdhyayanasajjhAya 351 RSabhadevavivAhaludhavalabaMdha 522. uttarAdhyayananAsarvaadhyayanasajjhAya RSabhadevastavana 348 431 RSabhanAtha kI dhali 524 udayacUlAmahattarAbhAsa 564 RSabharAsa 230 350

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622 RSabhastava 509 RSidattAcaupAi 398 RSidattArAsa 510, 562 RSimaNDala pUjA 546 - ekAdaza gaNadharanamaskAra 308, 309 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya ekAdaza gaNadharastavana 308, 309 ekAdazavacanadvAtriMzikA 423 eSaNAzataka 423 aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha 93, 134 aitihAsika rAsa saMgraha 91 olabhaMDA bArahamAsA 246 pati bAlAvabodha 603 kaMkasena rAjA caupAi 350 kacchulIrAsa 88, 184-85 kathAkoSa 59 - kathAbattIsI 334 kathA mahodadhi 465 kathAratnAkara 577, 589 kathAsaritsAgara 66, 92 kamala sAdhu (tapAgacchIya) 328 kamalAvatIrAsa 278, 476 kayalavADa pArzvastotra 164, 226 kayavannAcaritra 516 yavannAcaupAi 400, 419 - yAveDIsajjhAya 395 karakaMDacariu 44 karakaDucariu 101 karakaDacarita 51 karasaMvAda 478, 481 karuNAvajrAyudha (nATaka) 118 karpUraprakaraNabAlAvabodha 605 karmagaticaupAi 213 karma granthabAlAvabodha 608 karmavivaraNarAsa 475 karmavipAka 288 karmavipAkarAsa 381 kalAvatIcaritra 447 kalAvatI caupAi 341, 533-34 kalAvatI satIrAsa 278, 279 kalikAlarAsa 303 kalpapradIpa 176 kalpasUtraAkhyAna 330 kalpasUtrabAlAvabodha 600, 608 kalpasUtra saMdehaviSauSadhivRtti 176 kalpAntaravAcya 439 kalyANakarAsa 281, 495 kalyANakastava 509 kalyANamaMdirabhASA 238 kalyANastavana 423 kavicarita 225 kAusaraganA unnIsa doSasaMgraha 423 kAkabaMdhi ( racanA) 272 kAtaMtravRttipaMjikA 224 kAtaMtravyAkaraNabAlAvabodhavRtti 264 kAdambarI 109 kAnhaDade prabandha 154. 595 kAmadevacarita 223 kAmadevarAsa 526 kAmIjanavizrAmataraMgagIta 553 kArtikeyAnuprekSA 501 kAlakasUribhAsa 330 kAlakAcAryakathA 156 kAlakAcAryakathAnaka 187 kAlasvarUpa kulaka 53, 112

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anukramaNikA 623 kAlikAcAryakathA 224, 343 kUrmazataka 64 kAlikAcAryasantAnIya 224 kUrmAputracaritra 325 kAvyaprakAza 118 kRtakarmacaritarAsa 443 kAvyaprakAzasaMketa 118 kRtakarmarAjAdhikArarAsa 342 kAvyamImAMsA 24 kRpaNachanda 390 kAvyAnuzAsana 57, 90 kRpaNanArIsaMvAda 96 kisanarUkmiNIrIbeli 15 kezipradezibandha 423 kIrtikaumudI 117, 298 kesIsaMdhi 211 kItiratnasUrigIta 368, 515 / / kocaravyavahArIrAsa 394 kIrti ratnasUrigItama 294,471 kautukakathA 223 kItiratnasRricaupai 342 kramadIzvara 89 kIrtilatA 15, 60, 156, 577 kSullakakumArarAsa 528 kumAragirimaMDaNazrIzAMtinAtha- kSetrapAlagIta 505 stavana 528 kSetrasamAsabAlAvabodha 600 kumArapAla 64 kSetrapAla dvipadikA 169 kumArapAlacarita 31, 57 khaMdhakacaritrasajjhAya 423 kumArapAlacarita (saMskRta kharataragacchapaTTAvalI 525 bhASAmaya) 240 kharataraguruguNavarNanachappaya 310 kumArapAlanibandha 297 | khirSirAsa 478, 481 kumArapAlapratibodha 14, 58, khumANarAsa 401 94, 119, 126, 147 khemAhaDAliyAno rAsa 320 kumArapAlarAsa 248, 353, gajasiMhakumAracaupAi 417, 520 gajasiMhakumArarAsa 400 kumArikA abhiSeka 156 gajasiMharAyacaritrarAsa 417 kuragaDumaharSigIta 450 gajasiMharAsa 417 - kurudezatIrthamAlAstotra 301 gajasukumAracoDhAliyA 412 kuladhvajakumArarAsa 339, 346, gajasukumArarAjaSisajjhAya 411 408-9 gajasukumAlarAsa 507, 508 kuladhvajacaupAi 533 gajasukumAlasaMdhi 455, 533-34 kuvalayamAlA 157 gaNadharavalayapUjA 288 kuvalayamAlAkathA 10, 20, 23, gaNadharasaptatikA 113 89, 580 gaNadharasArdhazatakabRhavRtti 145 kuvalayamAlAkahA 58, 92 gaNitasAra 186

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624 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya gayasukumAlarAja 125 gautamasvAmIrAsa 380 garbhabali 511 gyArahagaNadharastavana 326 garbhaveli 478, 483 cauvIsagIta 168 garbhavicArastotra 253 cauvIsajinastavana 193 gAthAsaptazatI 95 ca uzaraNaadhyayanabAlAvabodha giranAracaityaparipATI 233, 601 539 cauzaraNaprakIrNaka bAlAvabodha giranAridhavala 381 604 gIta 370, 443 cakrezvarIstotra 113 gItArthapadAvabodhakulaka 423 catuHparvIrAsa 213, 569 guNanidhAnasUristuti 565 caturgaticaupAi 421 guNamAlAcaupAi 100 caturviMzatijinacatuSpadikA 189 guNaratnasUrivivAhalau 418 caturviMzatijinatIrthamAlA 340 guNaratnAkarachanda 510, 569 / / caviMzatijinanamaskAra 508 guNasthAnakavicAracaupAi 294 caturviMzatijinastava 414 gurAvalIrelaA 203, 204 caturviMzatijinastabana 478 guru-guNaratnAkara 321 caturviMzatijinastavana (apabhraMza) guruguNaratnAkarakAvya 527 guruchanda 505 caturviMzatinamaskAra 245 guruchatrIsI 423 caviMzatiprabandha 223 gurvAvalI 524 caturviMzatistava 378 gorI-sAMvalIvivAhagIta 478, caturvidhabhAvanAkulaka 176 483, 484 candanabAlAcaupAi 395 gorI-sAMvalIsaMvAda 96 candanabAlArAsa 120, 122, gautamapRcchAcaupAi 478, 479 497 gautamapRcchAbAlAvabodha 601, candappahacariu 49, 50 606 candappahacarita 269 gautamarAsa 238, 273 candradhavaladharmadattakathA 455, gautama rAsa (maru-gurjara kI racanA) 282, 283 candraprabhakalaza 141 gautamasvAmIgIta 413 candraprabhacarita 49, 147, 200, gautamasvAmIchanda 264, 267 282 273

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625 anukramaNikA candraprabhasvAmIdhavala 431 caubIsajinagIta 413 candralekhAcaugAi 537, 538 caubIsajinamaskAra 469-70, caMdrAulA 484 484 campakamAlArAsa 531 caubIsajinastava 473 campaka zreSThIrAsa 528 caubIsajinastavana 328 campUrAmAyaNa 64 caubIsajinastotra 238 caritramanorathamAlA 423 caubIsI (kAvya) 344 carcarI 53, 76 chakkammuvoso (grantha) 118 cArapratyekabuddhacaupAi 431 chakkammovaesa 59 cAritramanorathamAlA 351 chandonuzAsana 57, 93 cArudattacaritra 420 chotImithyAtvaparihArakula sajjhAya cArudattarAsa 380 420 cittanirodhakathA 501, 503 jagatsundarIprayogamAlA 132, cittaur3acaityaparipATI 358, 269, 580 377 jambUaMtaraMgarAsa 510, 569 cittaur3arIgajala 96 jambUdIpaprajJapticUrNI 156 citrakUTacaityaparipATIstavA 423 jambUdIpaprajJaptiTIkA 430 citrasenapadmAvatIkAvya 363 jambUsAmicariu 43 citrasenapadmAvatIrAsa 440, jambUsvAmIgIta 564 497 jambUsvAmIcarita 125 cintAmaNijayamAla 390 jambUsvAmIcaritra 288,608 cihuMgaticaupai 277 jambUsvAmIcaupai 395 . cihagaticaupAi 197 jambUsvAmIcaupAi 395, 520 cihugatibeli 487 jambUsvAmIphAga 273 cupaiphAgu 553 jambusvAmIphAgu 94, 467 cUnar3I 495 jambusvAmIbeli 501, 502, cetanapudgaladhamAla 434, 437 519 caityaparipATI 238, 444.45 jambUsvAmIrAsa 181, 380, caityapravAdIrAsa 226 447, 464, 494, 569 caityavaMdanakulaka 113 jambUsvAmIvivAhalo 303 caitravandanakulaka 180 jayakalpalatA 270 caityavandanadevanandanakulaka 156 jayacanda-jasa-candrikA 63 caudahaguNasthAnakarAsa 381 jayaNAgIta 353

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626 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya jayatilakasUricaupai 232 jinapatisUridhavalagIta 93, 133 jayatihuyaNa 54 jinapatisUribadhAmaNAgIta 145 jayatihuyaNastotra 104 jinapadmasUripaTTAbhiSeka 202 jayantavijaya 119 129 jinapAla jinarakSita rAsa 329 jayantavijaya (kAvya) 120 jinapAlitajinarakSitacaupAi jalagAlanarAsa 547 351 jalpakalpalatA 462 jinapratimAsthApanaprabandha 431 jasaharacariu 39, 40, 119 jinapratimAsthApanavijJapti 423 jAloranavaphaNApAvadasabhavastotra jinaprabodhasUricarcarI 203, 418 204 jAvar3a-bhAvaDarAsa 395, 396 / / jinaprabodhasUribolikA 203 jiNadattacarita 49 jinaprabodhasUrivarNana 184 jiNadattacaritra 190 jinabhadrasUrigItam 260 jiNadattasUristuti 149 jinabhadrasUridhuvaDa 248 jiNadevasurigIta 217 jinabhadrasUripaTTAbhiSekarAsa 291 jiNavarapUjAhelI 38 jinabhadrasUripaTTejinacandrasUrijiNodayasUrichanda 265 gItam 567 jinaAMtarA 501, 502 jinavaravInatI 407 jinakuzalasUricatuSpadikA 238 / jinavallabhasUriguNavarNana 104 jinakuzalasUrireluA 168, jinavallabhasUriguruguNavarNana 128 171 jinasattarI 243 jinacauvIsI 390 jinasiMhasUrigIta 439 jinacandrasUrikAvyASTam 135 jinastavana 247 jinacandrasUriphAgu 174, 206 / jinezvarasUrisaMyamazrIvarNanArAsa jinacandrasUrireluA 168, 169, 171 jinezvarasUrisaMyamazrIvivAhavarNajinacandrasUrivarNanarAsa 137, nArAsa 203 194 jinodayasUriguNavarNana 256 jinacandrasUrivivAhala u 201 jinodayasUrivivAhalau 264 jinadattacariu 37 jinodayasUrivivAhalo 93 jinadattamUriavadAtachappaya 114 / jihvAdaMtasaMvAda 95 jinadattasUristuti 114, 118 jIrAulApArzvachanda 413 jinaneminAthavivAhalu 431 jIrAulApArzvanAthavinatI 564

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anukramaNikA 627 jIrAvalApArzvanAthastuti 527 jJAnapaMcamI 280 jIrAvalApArzvanAthastotra 164 jJAnapaMcamIstavana 351 jIrAvalApArzvastotra 226 jJAnaprakAza 156 jIrAvalArAsa 395 jyeSThajinavarapUjanakathA 380 jIrAvalAstavana 351,439 DiMgala-piMgala 10 jIrAvallApAzvanAthaphAgu 264, DigalasAhitya 15 garabAvanI 418 DhaMDhaNakumArarAsa 484 jIrAvallApArzvanAtharAsa 395, DholAmArukIvArtA 376 397 NamokAraphalagIta 288 jIrAvallAvInatI 301 NAyakumAracariu 39 jIvadayAgIta 353, 413 girjharapaMcamIkahArAsa 281 jIvadayAcaupAi 562 NemiNAhacariu 49, 119, 137, jIvadayArAsa 120-22, 130, 194 446 tatvajJAnataraMginI 545 jIvandharacarita 51 tattvaprakAza 64 jIvaMdhararAsa 447 tattvavicAraprakaraNa 587 tattvasAra 73, 76 jIvaMdharasvAmIrAsa 380 / tattvasAradUhA 505, 506 jIvaMdharasvAmIgIta 501, 502 tattvArthasAradIpaka 288 jIvaprabodhaprakaraNa 606 taddhitabAlAvabodha 596 jIvabhavasthitirAsa 486, 547, tapAgacchagurvAvalI 244 548 tapAgacchapaTTAvalI 527 jIvabhavasthiti-siddhAntasAra-prava- tamomatakuTTana 176 canasArarAsa 486 tamAlatAlIpArzvastavana 282 jIvAnuzAstisadhi 88 taraMgavatI 24, 58 jainakumArasaMbhava 235, 591 taraMgavatIkahA 575 jaina granthAvalI 114 tilakamaJjarI 42, 43, 58, jainabhaktikAvya 104 64, 113, 119,587 jaisalameracaityaparipATI 540 tilakamaJjarIkathAsAra 43 jodhapuranagaravarNana gajala 90 tInacaubIsIvInatI 381 jJAnacandrodaya 92 tIrthamAlAstavana 268 jJAnachappaya 265 tIrthamAlAstavana (apabhraMza) 282

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628 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 301 tIrthayAtrAstavana 282 dasarUpaka 119 tejasAracaupAi 373 dAnakathA 380 tetalIputracaupAi 351 dAna kI saMjhAya 483 tetalImaMtrIrAsa 511, 512 dAnachanda 505, 506 tetalIputrarAsa 344 dillImevAtIdezacaityaparipATI trepanakriyAgIta 524, 525 / / tribhuvanadIpaka (rUpaka) 92 dIvAlIrAsa 411 tribhavanadIpakaprabandha 88, 235, dahAmAtrikA 182, 183 591 dUhAzataka 423 trivikramarAsa 246 daDhaprahArIsasajjhAya 478, 483 trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 57 devatilakopAdhyAyacaupAi 418 thAvaccAkumArabhAsa 395 devapUjAgIta 484, 85 thUlibhadaphAga 76, 193 devaratnasUriphAgu 243, 248 thUlibhadaphAgu 172, 175 devarAjavaccharAjacaupai 9 thUlibhadrakAvya 395 devarAjavaccharAjacaupAi 478 daMDakabhitapArzvanAthastavana 423 devarAjavatsarAjaprabandha 451, 52 daMDakabAlAvabodha 608 dayAdharmacaupAi 441 devasundarasUrirAsa 231 dayAsAgarasUri 247 dezInAmamAlA 57 dohAsAra 54 darzanasAra 76, 118 dravyaparIkSA 186 davvasahAvapayAsa 118 dravyasvabhAvaprakAza 118 dazakumAracarita 58 dazadRSTAntakathAnakabAlAvabodha dvayAzrayamahAkAvya 57 600 dvayAzrayavRtti (prAkRta) 275 dazadRSTAntacaritra 325 dvAdazAnuprekSA 288, 381, 493 dazalakSaNavratakathArAsa 380 dvitIyaneminAthaphAgu 240 dazazrAvakabattIsI 143, 412 dhanadattadhanadevacarita 451-52 dazavaikAlika bAlAvabodha 606 dhanapAlakathA 587 dazavaikAlikasUtrabAlAvabodha 603 dhanasArapaMcazAlirAsa 474 dazArNabhadra 123 dhanAsandhi 210 dazArNabhadrakathA 156 dhannAaNagAranorAsa 374 dazArNabhadrarAsa 303, 304 dhannArAsa 343, 385, 449, dazazrutaskaMdhaTIkA 430 450

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anukramaNikA 629 nala caritra 231 naladamayantIcaupAI 95 naladamayantIrAsa 231, 497, 542 nalarAjacaupai 543 naladavadantI (nalarAya rAsa 563 navakAraprabandha 395 navakAramahAmantra gIta 336 navatattvaavacUrI 596 navatattvabAlAvabodha 298, 597, dhannAzAlibhadrarAsa 399 dhannAsajajhAya 472 dhanyakumAracarita 51 dhanyakumAracaritra 288 dhanyakumArarAsa 380 dhammaparikkhA 58, 59 dhammilacaritra 591 dhammilamahAcaritamahAkAvya 235 dhammilarAsa 528,-29 dharmadattacaritra 247 dharmaparIkSA 59, 542 dharmaparIkSArAsa 380 dharmavidhiprakaraNa 185 dharmazarmAbhyudaya 538 dharmAdharmavicArakulaka 156 dharmalakSmImahattarAbhAsa 329, __ 330 dharmasUribArahanAvauM 117 dharmAbhyudayamahAkAvya 139 dharmopadezazrAvakAcAra 404 dhAtupArAyaNa 57 dhUrtAkhyAna 59, 110 dhvajabhujaMgakumAracaupAi 474 nagarakoTTamahAtIrthacaityaparipATI navatattvarAsa 444 navatattvavivaraNabAlAvabodha 596 navapallavapAzrvanAthakalaza 256, 258, 487 navapallavapArzvanAthagIta 514 navapallavapArzvastavana 478, 483 navasArIstavana 268, 69 nAgakumAracariu 454 nAgakumAracarita 39, 49 nAgakumArarAsa 380 nAgapuragajalavarNana 97 nAgapuramaMDanazAntijinastavana 348 nATyadarpaNa 116 nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabandha 55, 238 162 nandanamaNihArasandhi 369 nandabattIsIcaupai 517 nandabatrIsI 414 nandIzvarapratimAstavana 263 namirAjacaupAi 351 namirAjarSisandhi 498 naravarmacaritra 281 narmadAsundarI 88 nArInirAsaphAga 269, 70,462 nyAyakaMdalIpaMjikA 75, 223 niyatAniyatapraznottaradIpikA 423 nizcayavyavahArastavana 423

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maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 402 nemigIta 443 neminAhacariu 147 nemicaritarAsa 292 nemiparamAnandabeli 374 nemicaritranemistavana 520 nemirAjImatibeli 390 nemijinacaritra 287 nemirAsa 145 nemidUta 96 ne mizvaracaritra 455 neminAthagIta 460 nemizvarabArahamAsA 434, 436 neminAthacatuSpadikA 88, 19, nemizvaravasaMtu 434, 437 198 nemistava 509 neminAthacandrAulA 522, 23 nemizvarauragAnau 363 neminAthacarita 9, 118, 147 nemIzvaragIta 288 neminAthachaMda 505, 6 nemIzvaracaritaphAgubandha 593 neminAthadhavala 93, 235 nemIzvaracaritaphAgubaMdha 262 neminAthadhula 181, 218 naiSadhakAvya 156 neminAthanavarasaphAga 269, 298, paMcakalyANaka 538 paMcatIrthasajjhAya 483 neminAthanavarasa phAgu 297 paMcatIrthastavana 412 neminAthaphAga 235 paMcanirgranthIbAlAvabodha 605 neminAthaphAga bAramAsa 227 paMcapANDavarAsa 286 neminAthaphAgu 94, 100, 182, paMcapANDavasajjhAya 344 275, 290, 389, 556, paMcaviMzatikriyAsajjhAya 508 591 pacaviSaya sajjhAya 483 neminAthabArahamAsA 92 paMvasahelI 369, 370 neminAthayAdavarAsa 428,569 paMcendriyabeli 390 neminAtharAsa 156, 386, 491 paMcIgIta 370 501, 503 paumacariu 17, 23, 24, 36, neminAtharAso 130, 131, 133 45, 99 neminAthavasaMtaphula DAphAga 449 pajjuNacariu 48 neminAthavinatI 271 paTTAbhiSekarAsa 156, 180 neminAthavivAhalA 238 padmacarita 51 neminAthastavana 244, 348, padmacaritra 497 469, 70 padmapurANa 50 neminAtha hamacar3I 478, 480, padmAvatIcaupaI 176 padmAvatIcaupAI 156, 537

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anukramaNikA paradezIrAjArAsa 510, 512, pAsatthAvicAra 605 561 pAhur3adohA 55, 263 paraniMdAcaupAi 568 pIharasAsaDAgIta 407 paramAlarAso 60, 63, 90 puNyakaraNIyasthApanAgIta 413 parameSThIprakAzasAra 142 / puNyasAgaragurugItama 535 pariziSTaparva 57 puNyasAracaritra 456 pahAr3iyArAga 169 170 puNyasArarAsa 515, 561 paramappayAsu 54 puNyADhyanarezvararAsa 560 paramahaMsaprabandha 235 puNyAbhyudaya 608 paramahaMsarAsa 381 puNyAzravakayA koSa 51 paramAtmaprakAza 54, 55 purandaravidhAnakathA 380 pAiyalacchInAmamAlA 42 purandavihANakahA 118 pAkSikachatrIsI 423 purANasaMgraha 288 pATaNacaityaparipATI 296 purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha 74 pANDavacaritra 608 purAnI rAjasthAnI 4 pANDavapurANa 36, 132 purAnI hindI 2, 5 pANDavapurANa (apabhraza) 269 / puruSottamapaMcapANDavarAsa 285 pArvacandrasUristutisaJjhAya 508 puruSottamapAMcapANDavaphAga 309 pArzvacarita 51 puSpamAlAbAlAvabodha 605 pArvajinastavana 355 puSpAMjalirAsa 380 pArzvajinastavanaprabhAtI 478 pUjASTakaTIkA 546 pArzvanAthacarita 224 pUrvadakSiNadezatIrthamAlA 301 pArzvanAthadasabhavavivAhalo 430 pUrvadezacaityaparipATIrAsa 541 pArzvanAthanAmnAsaMvegarasa 484 pUrvadezacaityarAsa 570 pArzvanAthapatnIprabhAvatIharaNa 416 parvadezIyatIrthamAlA : 44 pArzvanAthazakunasattAvIsI 390 / pRthvIcandraguNasAgararAsa 308 pArzvanAthastava 497 pRthvIcandracarita 8. pArzvanAthastavana 390, 431 pRthvIcandracaritra 238, 593 pArzvanAthastotra 77, 113 pRthvIcandracaritra-vAgvilAsa pArzvapurANa 92 'pArzvabhavAntara ke chanda 372 pRthvI rAjarAso 60, 63, 90 pAsacariu 46 pethaDarAsa 88, 153, 189, pAsaNAhacariu 76, 225

Page #649
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya posaharAsa 546 phalodhIpArzvanAtharAsagAthA 351 pratimAgyAraha kA rAsa 381 phalaudhIpArzvastotra 172 pratyAkhyAnacatuHsaptatikA 508 baMkacUlarAsa (pavADa u) 543 pratyekabuddhacaritra 195 balabhadrapurANa 51 prathamaneminAthaphAgu 240 balabhadrabeli 516 pradyumnacariu 48 balibhadracaupai 460 pradyumnacarita 388 balibhadrarAsa 478, 481 pradyumnacaritra 290, 524 basaMtaphAgu 229 prabandhakoza, 57, 223, 275 basaMtavilAsa 551 prabandhacintAmaNi 64, 69, 94, bArabhAvanA 493, 563 119, 156, 188, bAramAsa (eka laghu racanA) prabodhacandrodaya 92 bAravratacaupAi 569 prabodhacintAmaNi 88, 92, 235 bAravrataTIpacaupAi 357 prabodhacintAmaNicaupAi 591 bAravratacaupaI 209 prabodhapaMcAsikA 95 bArahavatacaupAi 395 prabodhabAvanI 95 bAravratarAsa 198 prabhavajambUsvAmibeli 567 bArahanAvau 131 prabhAkaraguNAkaracaupAi 408, bArahavatagIta 381 bArahavratasaMjjhAya 325, 326 prabhAtagIta 413 bArahasaMcautIsovidhAna 492 prabhAtikanAmAvali 169 bAlazikSA 439 prabhAvakacarita 64 bAlAvabodhaprakaraNa 112 pramANanayatattvalokAlaMkAra 139 bAvanI 369, 370, 449 pramukhatIrthamAlAstotra 301 bAhaNanuphAgu 555 pravacanasAra 606 bAhabali devacariu 251 praznottararatnamAlAvabodha 608 bAhubalibeli 501 praznottarIzrAvakAcAra 287 bIkAneravarNana gajala 97 prasannacandrarAsa 511 bIsaviharamAnajinagIta 484 prasenajitarAsa 507 bIsIstavana 473 prAkRtaprakAza 17, 27 buddhiprakAza (kAvya) 389 prAkRtapaMgalama 15, 60, 93 buddhirAsa 53, 143-44 phaladdhipArzvanAthastotra 164-65 bRhatakathA 24, 92 phalavaddhimaMDanapArzvastavana 348 beligIta 370 409

Page #650
anukramaNikA 633 bajabhASA 11 bhUgolapurANa 578 brahmacaryadasasthAnasamAdhisthAna bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa 176 423 bhojaprabandha 11, 73 brahmacArI (padya) 498 bhramaragItA 366 bhaktAmarapUjA 546 maMgalakalazacaupAI 293 bhadrabAhurAsa 380 maMgalakalazarAma 458, 494 bharatabAhubalipavAr3A 230, 231 maMgalakalazavivAhalau 251 bharatabAhubali rAsa 247, 386, maMDapAcalacaityaparipATI 351 maMDalAbaddharAsa 89 bharatezvaracakravartIphAga 306 matsyodarakumArarAsa 294 bharatezvarabAhubalighora 14,115, matsyodaranarendra caupAi 521 137, 142 matsyodararAsa 406, 477 bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa 14, 89, madanaparAjaya 148 114, 138, 142.44, madanaparAjayacarita 148 bhartRharizataka 95 madanayuddha 439 bhavadevacaritra 372 madanarAsa 439, 569 bhavabhAvanAsUtra 455 manuSyabhavalAbhagIta 395 bhavabhAvanAsUtrabAlAvabodha 604 maMdodarIsaMvAda 568 bhaviSyadattakathA 9, 200 mayaNajujjha 58, 434 bhaviSyadattarAsa 380, 492 mayaNaparAjaya 58 bhavisayattakahA 41, 47, 92 mayaNaparAjayacariu 148 90, 104 mayaNa rehA (madanarekhA) 128 bhavya carita 92 mayaNarehArAsa 127, 300, bhAvanAsandhi 88, 125 449, 451 bhAvanAsaMdhiprakaraNa 170 mayaNarehAsaMdhi 88 bhAvapAhuDa 55 maruvANI 10 bhAvaprakAza 90 malayasundarIrAsa 334, bhAvaprabhasUrigIta 311 369 bhAvArivAraNabAlAvabodha 605 malligIta 524 bhASAchatrIsI 423 mallicaritra 156, 177 bhuvanakIrtigIta 438 malliNAhakatva 233, 234 bhuvanabhAnukevalIcaritra 608 mallinAthagIta 460, 461 bhuvanasundarIkathA 156 mallinAthacarita 147

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634 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya mallinAthacaritra 28 maharSirAsa 450 mahAnayaprakAza 61 mahApurANa 36, 38, 39, 490 mahAbalarAsa 369 mahAbhArata 36, 94 mahAyajJavidyAdharakathA 380 mahAvalamalayasundarIcarita 262 mahAvIragIta 243 mahAvIracariu 119 mahAvIracarita 469,470 mahAvIrachaMda 505 mahAvIrajanmAbhiSeka 124-25 mahAvIrarAsa 157 mahAvIravinatI 564 mahAvIrasattAvIsabhava 413 mahAvIrastavana 258,281, 348, 508, 607 mahIpAlarAsa 327 mAtRkAcaupai 214 mAtRkAprathamAkSaradohaka 255 mAtRkAprathamAkSaradohA 129 mAtRkAphAga 227 mAtRkAbAvanI 95, 215 mAdhavAnala 88 mAdhavAnalakAmakaMdalA 95 mAdhavAnalasamvandhaprabandha 358 mAliNIpUjAkathA 380 micchAdukkar3asaMjjhAya 413 miliTrI memaoNyarsa 10 mizrabandhu vinoda 9 mINAregIta 407 mugdhamedhAkarAlaMkAra 270 mugdhamedhAlaMkAra 462 mugdhavabodhaauktika 5.6, 590 muJjaprabandha 64 mujarAso 90 municandragurustuti 138, 139 munipaticaritra 518 munipaticaupAi 376 muhapatichatrIsI 423 munipatirAja RSicarita 568 mUlAcArapradIpa 287 magAMkalekhAcaritra 485, 486 magAGkalekhArAsa 256, 257 mRgAputracaupAi 538 mRgAputrarAsa 493 magAputrasaMdhi 343 mRgAvatIcaupAi 497 meghakumArAsa 338 meghadUta 60,96, 118 meghezvaracarita 51 mer3atAvarNana gajala 97 metAryacaupAi 351 moharAjaparAjaya(nATaka) 92 mohinIphAgu 558 yatigItakalpavRtti 596 yazastilakacampU 40 yazodharacarita 51 yazodharacaritra 40, 288, 360, 476 yazodhararAsa 380,524 yazobhadrarAsa 478, 481 yAdavarAsa 414 yugapradhAnacatuSpadikA 186, 187 yogazAstra 57

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yogazAstrabAlAvabodha 298, 597, 608 yogasAra 54, 118 yauvanajarAsaMvAdarAsa 511 raMgaratnAkaraneminAthaprabandha 478, 483, 569 raMgasAgara phAga 269 ratisArake valIcaupAi 369 ratnacur3arAsa 463, 465 ratnazekhararAsa 213 ratnasArakumAracaupAi 510, 512 rambhAmaMjarI (nATaka) 224 rambhAmaMjarI 252 rayaNAvalI 567 anukramaNikA ravivratakathA 380 rasavilAsa 129 rasAulo 455 rahanemibeli ( rathanemibeli ) 519 rahanemirAjImatI (graMtha) 198 rAurabela 567 rAjataraMgiNI 188 rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA sAmAnya paricaya 5 rAjImatIupAlaMbhastuti 262 rANakapurastavana 268 rAtribhojana (grantha) 198 rAtribhojanacaupAi 408 rAtribhojanatyAga 569 rAtribhojanarAsa 380 rAtribhojanasaMjjhAya 455 rAmakathA 35 635 rAmacaMdrikA 37 rAmarAsa 380 rAmasItArAsa 359 rAvaNapArzvanAtha phAgu 254 rAvaNa - pArzvanAtha vinatI 179 rAvaNamaMdodarI saMvAda 478, 481, 482, 516 rudrAlaMkArasUtra 27 ripudAraNarAsa 89 rUpakamAlA 423, 427 rUpakamAlAbAlAvabodha 428, 606 revaMta girirAsa 139 revatagirirAsa 88 rohiNIyaprabandharAsa 520 rohiNIyaprabandha rAsagAthA 395 rohiNIrAsa 380, 497 rohiNIstavana 439 lakSmaNacobIsIpada 492 laghukSetrasamAsacaupAi 448 laghujAtaka 439 lalitAMgakumArarAsa 354, 355 lalitAMgacaritra 332, 333 lalitAMgarAsa 333 lAhauragajala 96 lIlAvaikathA 92 lIlAvaikahA 574 lIlAvatI 569 lIlAvatI caupAi 340 lIlAvatIrAsa 337 lIlAvatI sumativilAsa 419 lIlAvatI sumativilAsa rAsa 337

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maru-gurjara jana sAhitya luMkaTamatanirlor3hanarAsa 504,606 vAgar3adezatIrthamAlA 301 lukAvadanacapeTA 478 vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra 27 labdhadattavinayavatIkathA 380 vAgbhaTTAlaMkArabAlAvabodha 605 vaMkacUlarAsa 300, 560 vAravatacaupAi 563 vaMdanadoSa 423 vAsavadattA 58 vaMbhaNAdhIzapAzvastavana 431 vacanAvalI 439 vAsupUjyasvAmidhavala 431 vikramakumArarAsa 294 vajrasvAmIcaupAi 520 vikramakhAparacaritracaupAi 468 vajrasvAmIrAsa 569 vikramacaritracaupAi 606 vaDaDhamANakavva 233, 234 vaDDhamANacariu 200 vikramacaritarAsa 442 vaNiyaDAgIta 407 vikramacaritrapaMcadaNDacaupAi 387 vikramapaMcadaMDa caupAi 497 vatsarAjadevarAjarAsa 476 vayaramunisaMjhAya 92 vikramapaMcadaNDarAsa 569 vikramarAsa 411 vayara (vajra) svAmIrAsa 405, vikramasenarAsa 569 406 vayarasvAmIgururAsa 238 vikramasenarAsacaupAi 335 vayarasvAmIcaritra 156, 177 vikramAdityakhAparArAsa 569 varakANApArzvastotra 418 vighnavinAzIstotra 113 varakANAstavana 439 vicAragraMthavAlAvabodha 597 varNaratnAkara 577, 580, 589 vicAracausaThI 412 vardhamAnakathA 252,253 vijayakIrtichanda 490, 505 vardhamAnacarita 49, 233 vidagdhamukhamaNDanabAlAvabodha 605 vardhamAnacaritra 288 vidyAvilAsanarendraca upai 416 vasaMtavilAsa 270, 466 vidyAvilAsanarendracaupai(caupAi) vasantavilAsaphAgu 240 332 vastupAlatejapAlarAsa 88, 303, vidyAvilAsapavAr3o 303, 304 423, 472, 570 / vidyAvilAsapAvar3A 95 vasudevacaupAi 535 vidhiprapA 176 vasudevahiNDI 24, 58, 575 vidhivicAra 423 vAkyaprakAza 535 vidhizataka 423 vAkyapadIya 25 vinodakathAsaMgraha 275 vAkyaprakAzauktika 165, vibhramaTIkA 176 334-35 vimalanAthastavana 373

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anukramaNikA vimalaprabandha 478, 481 vyAkaraNacatuSkabAlAvabodha 596 vimalAcalaRSijinastavana 282 vyutpattiratnAkara 565 virahademAurIphAga 551 vratakathAkoSa 287 virATaparva 286 zaMkhavApIpuramaNDanazrImahAvIra vilAsavaikahA 92 stotra 120 vilhaNacaritacaugAi 392 zaMkhezvarastava 509 vilhaNapaMcAzikA 549 zakunacaupai 308 vividhatIrthakalpa 176 zakuntalArAsa 408, 409 vivekamaJjarI 118 zakrastava 102 vivekazataka 423 zatapadikA 126 vizAlakIrtigIta 389 zatArthakAvya 147 viziMkA 113 zatruJjayaAdIzvarastava 498 vihArathiyeTarapatrikA 134 zatruJjayacaturviMzatistavana 172, vItarAga vijJapti ( marugurjara kI 175 racanA) 282 zatruJjayacaityaparipATI 254, vItarAgastavana 423 vItarAgastotra 514 325, 353, 570 vIrakalpa 156 zatruJjayabhAsa 504 zatruJjayamaNDanaAdinAthastavana vIrajiNesarapAraNau (kAvya) 508 117 vIraladhustavana 423 zatruJjayavInatI 235 vIravilAsaphAgu 501 zatruJjayastavabAlAvabodha 605 vIrastavana 351, 423 zatruJjayastavana 348 vIrAMkahammIramahAkAvya 252 zatruJjayastotra 423 vIsaladevarAso 60, 89 zazikalApaMcAzikA 549, 550 vIsavirahamAnarAsa 278 zAntarAsa 264 vIsaviharamAnajinastuti 423 / / zAntijinacarita 200 vRttaratnAkarabAlAvabodha 605 zAntijinavivAhaprabandha 328 veNivatsarAjarAsavivAhala 393 zAMtijinastavana 172, 282, vetAlapaMcavIsI 543 423, 508 vairAgyakula 345 zAMtijinastotra 172 vairAgyavInatI 478, 480 zAMtinAthakalaza 193 vairAgyasAra 56, 146 zAMtinAthacarita 223

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638 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya zAMtinAthacaritra 288 zukasadeza 96 zAMtinAthadevarAsa 195 zerISAlakArapArzvastotra 172 zAMtinAthaphAgu 288 zrAddhapratikramaNa 465 zAMtinAthabeli 124 zrAvakadharmadohA 54 zAMtinAtharAsa 120, 122, zrAvakadharmaprakaraNabRhadvRtti 195 124, 157 zrAvakabahaddatti cAra 591 zAMtinAthavivAhala 328, 431 zrAvakamanorathamAlA 423 zAMtinAthastavana 413, 507-8 zrAvakavidhi 423 zAlibhadra kakka 95 zrAvakavidhicaupAi 351, 539 zAlibhadracaupAi 471 zrAvakavidhirAsa 167. 168 zAlibhadraphAgu 521 zrAvakavidhisaMjhAya 483 zAlibhadramunirAsa 467 zrAvakavratarAsa 374 zAlibhadrarAsa 192, 295, 519 zrIkotiratnasUriphAgu 311 zAlibhadravivAhalu 469, 471 zrIkIti ratna sUrivivAhalau 341 zAlibhadrasaMjjhAya 511 zrIkRSNagopIvirahamelApakaphAgu zAzvatasarvajinadvipaMcAzikA 536 zAstramaNDalapUjA 546 zrIgujarAtasoraThadezatIrthamAlA zivalAgaNinIvijJapti 274 zIla ikatIso 536 zrIguruguNaSaTpaTa 149 zIlagIta 390 zrIcauvIsavaTApArzvanAthastuti zIlataraMgiNI 156 zIlataragiNIvRtti 297 zrIjinacandra sUriaSTakam 131 zIlaprakAzarAsa 491 zrIjinapatisUridhavala 93 zIlarakSAprakAzakarAsa 491 zrIjinaprabhasUrigIta 179 zIlarAsa 491, 497 zrIjinaprabhasUri chappaya 311 zIlasaMdhi 235 zrIjinodayasUripaTTAbhiSekarAsa zIlaviSezikhAmaNi 278 305 zIlopadezamAlA 156 zrIpAlacarita 51, 252-53 zIlopadezamAlAbAlAvabodha zrIpAlacaritra 288 599, 601, 605, 608 / zrIpAlacaupAi 333 zukabahottarI 95 zrIpAlaprabandha 411 zukarAjasAhelIcaritra 510, zrIpAlarAsa 380, 474, 547 zrIpUjyavAhanagIta 555 512

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zrImaMdharastavana 351 zrImajjinapatisUriNAMgItam 132 zrImadbhAgavata 88, 90 zrIvardhanapura caitya paripATIstavana 25.3 zrI vAsupUjyabolikA 124 zrutapUjA 546 zrutastotra 113 anukramaNikA RGgAraprakAza 64 zRGgAramaMjarI 64 zreNikarAjastuti 607 zreNikarAsa 380, 509, 529 zreNikarAsa (samyakattvasArarAsa ) 528 SaTkarma rAsa 547 SaTkarmopadeza 119 SaTkarmopadezaratnamAlA 59 padarzanaTIkA 156 SaTdarzanasamuccaya 275 SaTdarzanasUtra TIkA 297 SaTpaMcAzadika 156 SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha 247, 600, 607-8 SaDAvazyaka vivaraNa saMkSepArtha 603 DAvazyaka sUtrazrAvaka pratikramaNa bAlAvabodha 605 SaSTizatakabAlAvabodha 601 SaSTizataka vivaraNa 605 SaSThIzatakabAlAvabodha 597, 601 saMkSepaArAdhanA 423 saMkhavApIpura maNDana zrI mahAvIrastotra 159 saMgItaratnAkAra 89 saMgItopaniSad 156, 203 saMgrahaNIDhAlabandha 448 saMgrahaNIbAlAvabodha 593 saMgrAma sUricaupAi 497 saMghapaticarita 139 saMgha raMgaprabandha 423 saMdeza rAsaka 31, 59, 96 saMdeha ratnAvalI 113 saMbodhasattANu 501 sabhavanAthastavana 431 saMyama maMjarI 187 saMvega raMgazAlA 179 saMstArakaprakIrNakabAlAvabodha 639 607 sagaracakravartIkathA 380 saccariumahAvIra utsAha 113, 115 sattarabhedI pUjA garbhitagyArahabolasaMgraha 423 sattarisaya jinastava 500 sattarIkarmagranthabAlAvabodha 602 sattarIprakaraNabAlAvabodha 600 sadayavatsaprabandha 256 sadbhASitAvali 288 sanatkumArakathA 597 sanatkumAracarita 48, 147 sanatkumAracIpAi 339, 346 sanmati guNaNihADa 51 sanmatijinacarita 51 sanmatinAthacarita 51

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640 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya saptakSetrIrAsa 207 sAvayadhamma dohA 17, 56 saptavyasanakathA 388, 524 sAsaravAsAkorAsa 380 saptavyasanaSaTpada 390 sAhityadarpaNa 90 saptazatI 95 siMghAsaNabattIsIcaupAi 451 samakitaaSTAMgakathArAsa 380 siMhAsanabattIsI 543 samakitagIta 562 siMhAsanabattIsIcaupAi 497 samarAiccakahA 17, 23, 53, siddhacakracaupAi 333 92, 575 siddhacakrarAsa 232, 547-48 samarArAsa 75, 88 89, 155, siddhacakrazrIpAlarAsa 261 161,351 siddhahemaAkhyAna 600 sambhavanAthacarita 223 siddhahaima 28, 31 sammetazikharatIrthanamaskAra 181 siddhAntacaugAi 478 samyaktvakaumudI 51 siddhAntavicAra 608 samyaktvagIta 562 siddhAntasAra 378 samyakatvamAicaupai 95, 122 siddhAntasAradIpaka 288 samyaktvarAsa 532 siddhAntasAroddhAra-samyaktvollAsa samyakatvasvAdhyAya 423 Tippanaka 600 sarasvatIchaMda 511 sindUraprakaraNa 147 sarasvatIpUjA 546 sindUraprakaraNabAlAvabodha 606 sarvajinastuti 113 sirithUlibhaddaphAgu 156 sarvAdhiSThAyIstotra 113 siripAlacariu 394 / savatthavaliprabandha 294 sImadharastava 498 sAgaradattarAsa 333, 503-4 sImaMdharastavana 201, 264, sAtavAranIsaMjjhAya 478 267,390,439 sAdhuguNaratnamAlarAsa 489 sImaMdharastavana ( apabhraMza) 282 sAdhupratikramaNasUtravRtti 176 sImaMdharasvAmIzobhAtaraMga 522, sAdhuvandanA 423, 498,562 sAraMgadharapaddhati 94 suaMdhadahamIkahA 167 sArazikhAmaNarAsa 534 sukumAlacariu 47 sArasIkhAmaNarAsa 288 sukumAlacaritra 288 sArasikhAmaNarAsa 510 sukumAlarAsa 380 sAlibhadrareluA 168 sukumAlasvAmIrAsa 407 sAlIbhadrakakka 182, 1.3 sukutakIrtikallolinI 117

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sukRtasaMkIrtana 117 sukRtasAgara 190, 270 sukRtasAgara ( kAvya ) 462 sukauzalacarita 51 sugurupArataMtryastotra 113 sudaMmaNacariu 44 sudarzanacarita 37 sudarzanacaritra 288 sudarzanarAsa 380, 408 9 457 526 anukramaNikA sudarzana seThacaura 431 sudarzana zreSThirAsa 507 sudarzana zreSThIrAsa 520 sudharma gacchaparIkSA 431 sundararAjArAsa 354 subhadrAcaupAi 497 subhadrAsatIcatuSpadikA 127 sumatinA gilarAsa 431 sumatinAthacaritra 147 sudhadahamI kathA 59 sumativilAsarAsa 569 sumatisAdhuvivAhalo 478,482 sumitrakumArarAsa 409, 410 suraMgA bhidhAna nemiphAga 401 surapriyakumArarAma 472 surapriyakevalIrAsa 478, 481 sulocanAcariu 47 sUktimuktAvalI 147 sUDAbahottarI 95 sUtrakRtAGgabAlAvabodha 603 sUrimaMtrakalpa 243 seNiucariu 233 pArzvastava 478, 480 saiddhAntika vicAra 431 sojatavarNanagajala 97 somasaubhAgyakAvya 298, 422, 597 solaha kAraNapUjA 288 solahakAraNarAsa 288 solahakAraNavratarAsa 380 skandapurANa 68 stambhatIrtha 209 stambhatIrthaM ajitastavana 209 stambhanapArzvastotra 172 stambhanapArzvanAthastava 498 svapna vicAracaupAi 517 snAtrapUjA 395 snAtrapUjAsaMgraha 487 syAdvAda kalikA 275 syAdvAdadIpikA 275 sthUlabhadraaThAvIsa 419 sthUlabhadrakathA 173 sthUlabhadraphAga 271 641 sthUlabhadrakAgu 94, 100 sthUlabhadrabAsaThI 374 sthUlabhadraaNavIso 569 sthUlabhadra ekavIsA 478, 479 sthUlabhadraekavIsI 569 sthalibhadrakathA 59 sthUlabhadrakavitta 299 sthUlabhadracarita 243, 297 sthUlabhadraphAgu 302 sthUlabhadra bArahamAsA 303, 305 sthUlabhadrabAsaThio 234 sthUlabhadra bolI 218 sthUlabhadramunIndracchaMda 264

Page #659
642 maru gurjara jaina sAhitya sthUlibhadrarAsa 127, 569 harSacarita 89 haMsarAjavaccharAja (racanA) 278 hitazikSAprabuddharAsa 143, 144 haMsarAjavaccharAjacaupai 88 hindI sAhitya kA atIta 4 hasarAjavatsarAjacaritra 514 hindI sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa haMsavaccharAjakathA 225 haMsavatsakathAcaupai 331 hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta. hasAulI haMsa vaccha caupaI 225 / itihAsa 132 hanumantarAsa 380 hIyAlI 562 hammIramahAkAvya 224, 242 bArahavratasaMjjhAya 325, 326 haribalacaupAi 368, 606 hIyAlIgIta 470 haribalamAchIcaupAi 467, 469 harivijayasUrinAvAramAsa 356 haribalarAsa 347 hematilakasUrisaMdhi 211 harivaMzapurANa 41, 49, 50 90 hemaratnaphAgu 495 92 542 hemaratnasUriphAgu 556 harivaMzapurANa ( apabhraMza ) 269 hemavimalaphAgu 540 harivaMzapurANarAsa 380 hemavimalasUriphAgu 569 harizcandra prabandha 441 hemavimalasUrivivAhalu 567 harizcandrarAsa 360, 405 hemavimalasUrisvAdhyAya 540

Page #660
zuddhi patra pR0 lAina azuddha zuddha 5 bhASAeM bhASA 3 29 and one the one and the 20 maru jaina 2 bacate se bacate 8 udghaTita udghATita 39 in 17 mAtrA nahIM chapI hai| 28 Tagore Tagare 29 gurjara sAhitya 22 meM 4 parimANataH pariNAmataH 22 mariyA bhariyA 19 Arya A0 Arya 9 raviveSa raviSeNa 17 pAitha pAiya 23 antima antima kheve 24 dhammiya dhammila 28 ghaMthukA dhaMdhukA 31 govardhata govardhana 23 dvAzrayamahAkAvya dvayAzrayamahAkAvya 6 vahI nahIM 24 caritra cariu 9 bhAratezvara bharatezvara 6 jaMbUsyAmI jaMbUsvAmI 97 20 vaisA 100 samaya samayasundara vai saH

Page #661
maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya 29 hRdayagrI hI 13 saMpAta 27 ita hRdayagrAhI saMghAta 101 101 110 116 118 ina ko vastUpAla karuNA suprasanna isa maru 131 23 vastupala 2 karaNA 18 supranta 4 ataH 2 ruma 6 mateccha 27 kA 133 153 154 mleccha 154 para 177 179 180 183 1326 1377 raliya 186 maNa 198 202 209 216 218 227 27 1375 5 liya 29 dai 3 mANa 20 bhaliki 2 nAyaka 7 pacaDIkauM 20 Asasega 7 kI 16 pAniya 4 nAsara 4 nara 21 yahabodhi 3 maruvA 16 devaratma 25 namina 25 molima 27 heya 6 dhanapAlI 236 236 244 galivi. nAmaka payaDIkaDaM AsaseNa kA pAmiya sAsara nai mahabodhi marudevA devaratna namiya bholima heva dhanapAloM 245 248 248 249 250 251

Page #662
252 16 neyacandra 257 257 260 265 267 274 275 277 9 eka 26 bhiddA 26 maNaharumA 27 ve 19 vagoyarI 22 mAhera sAvali 16 sIla 19 jiNosara 14 tasau 4 ramaNa 289 29 kaNasaNa 29 mUmIya 17 bhasIya 283 284 289 293 294 16 thAU 296 16 taTTaNa 303 24 bIrabAha 303 24 sUri 304 26 paMcAsAvai 309 310 316 338 346 368 369 zuddhi patra 377 378 4 sovrata 2 bhaNi 1 ko 6 apane 3 maNai 27 anekoM 26 kA 14 taraha 5 tavagacha 8 dhanadhatva 405 409 13 vivekasaMgha 412 14 meM nayacandra eha micchA maNaharuA te vagoyaro moha rasAvali sola jiNesara rAsau rayaNa aNasaNa mUkIya bhaNIya ghAU paTTaNa vIranAha pUri paMcANAvara sona maNi ke kA bhaNai aneka kI Delete tapagacha dhanadhanna vivekasiMha Delete 645

Page #663
146 414 16 taMtra 421 10 varapata 461 28 cetAvatI 479 25 bhANeka 511 32 nAtaTA 527 537 563 579 11 tthU 586 27 anta 589 5 vattAnta 15 zIta 6 jaMba 13 ratnAkAra maru - gurjara jaina sAhitya naMda parabata cetAvanI mANeka nAhaTA vRttAnta zIla jaMbu tyU anya ratnAkara

Page #664
lekhaka nAma-sUcI (gaccha ullekha sahita ) 321 aMbadeva 75, 89, 161 amararatnasUri (AgamagacchIya) agaracanda nAhaTA 3, 7, 15 354, 559 ajayapAla 116, 136 amarasiMhasUri 496, 556 ajita (zrAvaka) 141 amaraharSa (tapAgacchIya) 528 addahamANa 59, 60 amitagati 59 anaMta haMSa ziSya (ajJAta) 326 amIpAla (zrAvaka, kavi) 327 anaMtahaMsa (tapAgacchIya) 325 amIrakhusaro 95 anantanArAyaNasUri 92 arisiMha (kavi) 117 abulaphajala 10, 64 alaberunI 64 abhayacandragaNi 606 alAuddIna khilajI 154, 186 abhayatilakagaNi 157 abhayadevasUri 54, 104, 110, asavAla (kavi) 225 119, 120, 179 AMbaDa (daNDanAyaka) 140 abhayadevasUri(bRhadgacchIya) 149 AgamamANikya (tapAgacchIya) abhayadevasUri (maladhAragacchIya) 327 275 AjJAsundara (kharataragacchIya) abhayadevasUri (rudrapallIyagacchIya) 332 129, 255 ANaMda 328 abhayadharmaupAdhyAya 600 ANaMdasUri (tapAgacchIya) 32.8 abhayamuni 123 Anandaghana 104, 105 abhayasiMhasUri (tapAgacchIya) Anandatilaka 159 233 Anandapramoda (tapAgacchIya) 328 abhinavagupta 89, 100 Anandamuni (ratnAkaragacchIya) amarakIrti 118 329 amaracandrasUri 117 Anandameru (pippalakagacchIya) amaraprabhasUri 120, 158, 330 159, 181 Anandavardhana (kharataragacchIya) amarasiMha 62 328 amarasUri (nAgendragacchIya) 139 AnandavimalasUri 496

Page #665
648 marugurjara jaina sAhitya AnandavimalasUri (tapAgacchIya) udayabhAnu (kavi) 569 321, 376, 411, 490, udayabhAnu (pUrNimAgacchIya) 335 527 udayaratna (AgamagacchIya) 448 AnandasUri 181 udayavallabhasUri(ratnAkaragacchIya) AnandasUri ( nAgendragacchIya) 329, 458 139 udayavaMta 226 AmadevasUri (saMDeragacchIya) 503 udayavaMta (tapAgacchIya) 336 AryabhaTTa 62 udayavallabhasUri (bRhadtapAgacchIya) Asacandra (maDDAhaDagacchIya) 600 udayasiMhasUri 185 AsaDa (kavi) 117, 118 / udyotanasUri 10, 15, 20, AsaDa (nivRttigacchIya) 164 AsAyata 331 RSabhadAsa (kavi) 353 AsAyata (janetara kavi) 225 RSabhadeva 70 Asiga (granthakAra) 120 RSabhadeva (17 vIM zatAbdI ke Asigu 120, 121 kavi) 484 IzvarasUri (saMDeragacchIya) RSivardhanasUri (aMcalagacchIya) 332, 410 udayakaraNa 226 kakkasUri 154, 163, 411 udayakaraNa (kavi) 164 kakkasUri / upakezagacchIya) 339 udayacandra (digambara muni) 280 kakkasUri (koraMTagacchIya, 340, udayadharma 165 447 udayadharmasUri (AgamagacchIya) kakkasUri ziSya I, 339 334 kakkasUri ziSya II, 340 udayadharma (tapAgacchIya) 165-67 kaNNa 61 udayadharma (ratnAkaragacchIya) 458 kaDaA (muni) (kar3aAgaccha ke udayadharmasUri (tapAgacchIya)475 saMsthApaka) 337 udayadhavala 600 kanakakavi (kharataragacchIya) 338 udayanandi 298 kanakAmara (muni) 21 udayanandisUri (tapAgacchIya) kanakAmara 101 532 kanhaiyAlAla mANikalAla munzI udayapadma (kharataragacchIya) 484 115 udayaprabhasUri 117, 139 kabIra 94, 105, 321 542

Page #666
lekhaka nAma-sUci kamalacandra (kharataragacchIya) kIttiratna 601 453 kItiratnasUri (kharataragacchIya) kamaladharma 340 418 kamaladharma (tapAgacchIya) 541 kIrtisiMha 50 kamalaprabhasUri 600 kIrtiharSa (upakezagacchIya) 346 kamalameru 533 kukkurI 61 kamalameru (aMcalagacchIya) 341 kutubuddIna aibaka 63, 64 kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya (bRhakhara kutubuddIna (sulatAna) 180 taragacchIya) 600 kundakunda 59 kamalasUri 186 kundakundAcArya 23, 103, 104 karamasI 345 kumArapAla 30, 114, 116, karNasiMha 226 133, 140, 141 karmAzAha 321 kumudacandra 114 kalyANacandra (kharataragacchIya) kumudacandra (digambara muni) 138 341 kulacandra 119 kalyANajaya (tapAgacchIya) 342 kulacaraNa (tapAgacchIya) 535 kalyANatilakaupAdhyAya (kharatara- kulamaNDana (tapAgacchIya) 224, gacchIya) 343 kalyANamuni (devarAjavaccharAja kulamaNDanasUri 251, 590 caupaI) 9 kuzalakIrti 179 kalyANarAja (AgamagacchIya) kuzalabhuvanagaNi 600 354 kuzalalAbha (kavi) 555 kaviyaNa 227, 344 kuzalasaMyama (tapAgacchIya) 347 kAnha (kavi) 227 kuzalaharSa (tapAgacchIya) 348 kAnhaNadeva 154 kRSNa (caulukya nRpati) 59 kAmatA prasAda jaina 6 kRSNamizra 92 kAmarAja (kavi) 490 kezavadAsa 37 kAmila bulke (phAdara) 35 kezava (kavi) 570 kAlakasUri 537 kezavalAla dhruva 116 kAlidAsa 52, 62, 188 kouhala (kautUhala) 574 kAlIpadamizra 35 kolhi 350 kIrati (pUrNimAgacchIya) 346 kozA 127 kIrtidhara 51 kautUhala 24

Page #667
354 marugurjara jaina sAhitya kSamA kalaza (AgamagacchIya) guNanidhAnasUri (aMcalagacchIya) 522 kSamAcandrasUri (soraThagacchIya) guNabhadrasuri (bRhadgacchIya) 223 543 guNamANikya (brahmANagacchIya) kSAMtiraMgagaNi 355 360, 441 kSAMtiratna 601 guNamANikyaziSya 360 kSemacandra (digambara muni) 505 / / guNameru (AgamagacchIya) 448 kSemarAja kharataragacchIya) 350 guNamerusUri (paurNamikagacchIya) khImA kavi 353, 570 406 kheMgAra 64 guNaratna (tapAgacchIya) 224, khetA (kavi) 96 khemacandra 100 guNaratnasUri 230, khemarAja (kharataragacchIya) 350 guNaratnasUri (AgamagacchIya) gajarAja (kavi) 356 400 gajarAja (paM0) 356 guNaratnasUri (kharataragacchIya) gajalAbha (aMcalagacchIya) 356 418 gajalAbha (kavi) 569 guNaratnasUri (nAgendragacchIya) gajasAgara (aMcalagacchIya) 424 . 526 gajendrapramoda (tapAgacchIya) 358 guNaratnasUri (nAilagacchIya) gaNapati 350 230 gaNapati (granthakAra) 95 . . guNaratnasUri (pippalakagacchIya) gayasukumAla (muni) 125 ... .. guNakIrti 359 guNavardhana (koraMTagacchIya) 602 guNacandrasUri 229 guNasamudrasUri 230 guNadeva (nAilagacchIya) 547 / / guNasamudrasUri (nAilagacchIya) guNadevasUri 230 547 guNadevasUri (nAgendragacchIya) guNasamudrasUri (nAgilagacchIya) 526 308 guNadhIragaNi 600 . .. guNasamRddhi mahattarA 223 guNadhIrasUri (paurNamikagacchIya) guNasAgarasUri (pippalakagacchIya) 416 guNanidhAna (aMcalagacchIya) 565 guNasundarasUri (maladhAragacchIya) guNanidhAna (AgamagacchIya) 448 514 405

Page #668
lekhaka nAya -sUci guNAkarasUri 167 guNADhya 24 gurunAnaka 321 gesUdarAja vaMdAnavAja ( sUphI saMtakavi ) 579 gorakhanAtha ( nAthapaMthI sAdhu) 578 govindacandra (gahar3abAla nRpati) 576 gauravadAsa (kavi ) 360 ghaNacanda 363 ghanaAnanda 104 ghelha (kavi ) 168 cautha (saMDeragacchIya) 365 catarumala (kavi ) 363 caturbhuja 366 caNDa 27 candavaradAyI 63 candrakIrti 368 candra tilaka 156 candradhara zarmA 'gulerI' 2, 5, 13, 14 candraprabha (nAgendragacchIya) 156 candraprabhasUri 367 candraprabhasUri (nAgendra gacchIya) 187, 264 candraprabhasUri (pUrNimAgaccha ke saMsthApaka) 498 candralAbha 569 candralAbha (aMcalagacchIya) 368 caraNapramoda (tapAgacchIya) 328 carapaTanAtha ( nAthapaMthI sAdhu) 578 cAMpa - caMpa (kavi) 231 cAritragaNi 168 cAritraratna 298, 465 cAritrahaMsa 527 cArucandra ( kharataragacchIya) 368 cimanalAladalAla 17 cauraGgInAtha ( nAthapaMthI sAdhu ) 578 chalhU (kavi) 169 chIhala (zrAvaka, kavi ) 369 jagacandrasUri 154 jagaDU (kavi) 95 jagaDU (zrAvaka ) 122, 123 jagaDUzAha 153 jaTamala (kavi) 96 jambUsvAmI 123 jayakIrti 156, 297 jayakIrti (bhaTTAraka) 372 jayakIrtisUri (aMcalagacchIya) 542 jaya kezaramuni 232 jaya kezarasUri (aMcalagacchIya) 429, 603 651 jayacanda 62 jayacandrasUri 252, 298 jayacandasUri (tapAgacchIya) 532, 601 jayatilakasUri (tapAgacchIya) 232, 233 jayatilakasUri (bRhad gacchIya) 593 jayatilakasUri ( ratnAkaragacchIya) 458 jayadeva (tapAgacchIya) 475 jayadevagaNa 88, 125

Page #669
652 marugurjara jaina sAhitya jayadevamuni 170 jayasundarasUri (baDatapAgacchIya) jayadevasUri (kharataragacchIya) 510 149 jayahema (tapAgacchIya) 377 jayadharma (kharataragacchIya) 170 jayahemaziSya 377 jayadhIra (vaDatapAgacchIya) 464 jayAnanda 376 jayamaMgalasUri 125 jayAnandasUri 242 jayamaMdira (vaDatapAgacchIya) 373 jayAnandasUri (tapAgacchIya) 297 jayamitrahalla 233 jinakItisUri 298 jayamUrtigaNi 234 jinakuzalasUri 592 202 jayarAja (pUrNimAgacchIya) 374 / / jinakuzalasUri (kharataragacchIya) jayarAma 59 156, 170, 171, 172, jayalAla (muni) 373 179 jayavallabha 601 jinacandra (bhaTTAraka) 377 jayavallabhagaNi 234 jinacandrasUri 592 jayavallabha (pUrNimAgacchIya) jinacandrasUri (bRhadgacchIya)147 374 jinacandrasUri 149 jayavallabha 24 jinadattasUri (kharataragacchIya) jayavijaya (tapAgacchIya) 376 149, 179 jayazekhara 93 jinacandrasUri (kharataragacchIyajayazekharasUri 92, 591 pippalaka zAkhA)408, 409 jayazekharasUri (aMcalagacchIya) jinacandrasUri (kharataragacchIya) 235, 264 135 jayazekharasUri (vaDatapAgacchIya) jinacandrasUri 111, 131, 168 510 171, 172, 179 jayasAgaraupAdhyAya (kharatara- jinacandra bhaTTA0 378 gacchIya) 230 jinadattasUri 52, 53, 93, jayasAgara (kharataragacchIya) 439 112, 117 jayasiMha (gahar3avAlanRpati) 252 / / jinadattasUri (tapAgacchIya) 294 jayasiMhasiddharAja 64, 140 jinadAsa(brahma) 288, 378-79, jayasiMhasUri 118, 254 382.84, 447 jayasiMhasUri (kRSNarSigacchIya) jinadharmasUri 131 240 jinapatisUri 124, 132, 141, jayasundara upAdhyAya 534 179

Page #670
jinapatisUri ( kharataragacchIya) 133, 135, 145, 149 jinapadma 94, 95 jinapadmasUri 76,88, 172, lekhaka nAma sUcI 178, 202 jina padmasUri ( kharataragacchIya) 156 janaprabodhasUri 192 jinaprabodhasUri ( kharataragacchIya) 179 jinaprabhasUri 88 jinaprabhasUri ( kharataragacchIya ) 453 jinaprabhasUri (laghukharataragacchIya) 155,175, 177, 178 jinaprabhAcArya 92 jinabhadrasUri 260 jinabhadrasUri ( kharataragacchIya) 243, 298 jinamaNDana 298 jinamANikyagaNa (tapAgacchIya) 325 jinamANikyasUri ( kharataragacchIya) 338, 504 jinarakSita 113 jina ratnasUri 510 jinaratnasUri ( kharataragacchIya) 244 jinaratnasUri ( tapagacchIya) 244, 295 jinaratnasUra (bRhadtapAgacchIya) 386, 458, 459 jinarAjasUri 243 jinarAjasUri ( kharataragacchIya) 238 65.3 jinavarddhana 385 jinavardhanasUri 244 jinavardhanasUri ( kharataragacchIya) 238, 298, 416 jinavardhanasUri ( kharataragaccha kI pippalaka zAkhA ke pravartaka) 332 jinavarddhamAnasUri 244 jinavallabha 123 jinavallabhasUri 52, 111, 120 jinavallabhasUri ( kharataragacchIya) 179 jinavallabhasUri (bRhadgacchIya) 149 jinavijaya (muni) 7, 17, 121 jinazekhara 245 jinazekharasUri (tapAgacchIya) 244, 295 jinasamudrasUri ( kharataragacchIya) 343 jinasAgarasUri ( kharatara - pippalaka zAkhA ) 408, 409 jina sAdhusUri (bRhadatapAgacchIya) 386 jinasiMha sUri ( kharataragacchIya) 439 jinasiMhasUri (laghukharataragacchIyaH) 155, 175, 177 jina sundarasUri (vaDatapAgacchIya) 510 jinasUri ( tapAgacchIya) 610 jinasena (diga0 yazaHkIrti ke ziSya) 386

Page #671
marugurjara jaina sAhitya jinahara - ? 387 TesITorI [videzI vidvAn] 72 jinahara (kavi) 569 Thakkura pheru 186 jinaharSasUri (kharataragacchIya- ThakurasI [digambara zrAvaka kavi] pippalaka zAkhA)408, 409 jinahaMsagaNi (tapAgacchIya) 327 DAmara [kavi 393 jinezvarasUri 110, 111, 149 Dugara 389 1:1, 224 DUgara 389 jinezvarasUri (dvitIya) 124 DUgara [kavi] 246 jinezvarasUri (kharataragacchIya) DugarasiMha 50 128,179 tArAnAtha 27 jinodayasUri 246 taruNaprabhasUri 156, 202, jinodayasUri (kharataragacchIya) 246-47, 592 255 tilakasari 273 jIvaMdharabrahma (digambara) 388 tilakasUri maladhAragacchIya]275 jIvarAja 389 tilotamA [apsarA] 124 jJAnakalaza muni 305 tulasIdAsa 37, 402 jJAnakIrti 298 tejapAla [digambara muni] 505 jJAnacandra (soraThagacchIya) 543 tejavarddhana 247 jJAnazIla (tapAgacchIya) 517 tailapa 57 jJAnasAgara (tapAgacchIya) 224, tribhuvanapAla [nRpati] 116 tribhuvanapAla 153 jJAnasAgara (nAilagacchIya) 547 thUlibhadra 99 jJAnasAgarasUri 486 daNDI 27, 574 jJAnasAgarasUri (ratnAkaragacchIya) dayAsAgara 419 329, 458 dayAsAgarasUri 247 jJAnasAgarasUri (vaDatapagacchIya dayAsiMhagaNi (bRhadtapAgacchIya) muni) 485 486 593 jJAnaharSa 114 jJAnAcArya 549, 550 dazaratha (napati) 120 jyotirIzvaraThAkUra 577 / dAnavardhanasUri (tapAgacchIya) TADa, (karnala) rAjasthAna kA 540 itihAsa 10 dAmodara 394 TAmasa (jAja) 10 dAmodara (kavi) 393-94,576 dalha 392

Page #672
lekhaka nAma-sUcI 655 dAmodara bhaTTa (uktivyakti prakaraNa) devasUri (bRhadgacchIya) 15, 19 139, 497 dAmodara mizra 64 devasena 56, 76, 118 divAkara (bauddha vidvAn) 109 devasenagaNi 47 durlabharAja (caulukya nRpati) 110 devendrakIrti 490 depAla 394 devendrakIrti (kavi) 490 depAla kavi 466, 487 devendrakIrti (bhaTTAraka) 501 delhar3a 125 devendrasUri 125, 154 devakalaza (upakezagacchIya) 398 daulatavijaya (tapAgacchIya) 401 devakIrti 399 dhanaMjaya 64, 119 devaguptamUri (upakezagacchIya) dhanadevagaNi 401, 402 163, 449 dhanadeva (tapAgacchIya) 521 devaguptasUri (dvivaMdaNIkagaccha) dhanapAla 58, 99, 104, 114, 518 119, 168, 251 dhanapAla I, 41, 42, 43 deva candra 54 dhanapAla II, 41, 42, 43 devacandra sUri 179 dhanapAla III, 41,49 devadatta 248 devapAla 95 dhanapAla (kavi) 64, 92, 587 dhanaprabha 250 devaprabhagaNi 399 devaprabhagaNi (harSapurIyagacchIya) dhanaratnasUri (vaDatapAgacchIya) 414, 473, 531 248 dhanarAja 251 devaratna (Agamagacchoya) 400 dhanasArapAThaka (upakezagacchIya) devaratnasUri 243 403 devaratnasUri (ziSya) 248 dhanika 64 devasAgara 565 dhanasena 27 devasundara 250 dharaNAzAha (zreSThI) 557 devasundara (jIrAulAgacchIya) dharma 125 400 dharma (kavi) 125, 181 devasundarasUri (tapAgacchIya) dharmakalaza 179 224, 297, 596 dharmaghoSasUri 155 devasundarasUriziSya 250 dharmaghoSasUri (aMcalagacchIya) devasUri 114 126

Page #673
marugurjara jaina sAhitya dharmaghoSasUri (pUrNimAgacchIya) nayasiMhagaNi (vaDatapAgacchIya) 490 414 dharmadAsa 404 narapati 414 dharmadAsagaNi 165 narazekhara (pippalakagacchIya) 416 dharmadeva (kavi) 569 narasiMha mehatA 570 dharmadeva (paurNamikagacchIya) 405 narasImehatA 235 dharmadevagaNi 601 narasena 252 dharmaprabhAcArya 133 narottamasvAmI 81 dharmaruci (upakezagacchIya) 406 / narmada (kavi) 155. dharmasamudra 569 nala (nRpati) 121 dharmasamudra (vAcaka) 400 nAthUrAma premI 7,8 dharmasAgara (saMDeragacchIya) 410 nAnAka paNDita 117 dharmasAgarasUri (saMDeragacchIya) nAmadeva 321 nAmavarasiMha 25 dharmasiMhagaNi (tapAgacchIya) 411 nemikuJjara 417 dharmasundara 411 nemicandra bhaNDArI 128, 149 dharmasundara vAcaka (kharataragacchIya- nemicandra bhaNDArI (kavi) 104 pippalakazAkhA) 408 nyAyasundara upA0 416 dharmasUri 133, 181 nyAyasundaraupA0 (kharataragacchIya) dharmahaMsa (upakezagacchIya) 406 416 dhavaladeva 140 pauma (kavi) 182. dhArisiMha 181, 218 pataMjali 25 naMdiratna 465 padma (kavi) 182 naMdiratna (tapAgacchIya) 269 padmakIrti 46, 92 nanda (nRpati) 127 padmagupta 64 nandivarddhanasUri 414 padmatilaka 253 nannasUri 602 padmadeva 76 nannasUri (koraMTagacchIya) 411, padmanaMdi 234, 454 padmanandi (sarasvatIgaccha ke bhaTTAnamisAdhu 27 raka) 287 nayacandra 252 padmanAtha 154, 418, 595 nayacandrasUri 224, 242, 589 padmamandiragaNi (kharataragacchIya) nayanandi 44 418 601

Page #674
lekhaka nAma-paricaya 657 pI0 DI0 guNe 17 puNyanandi 427, 606 puNyanaMdi (kharataragacchIya) 427, 428 padmaratna 184 padmazrI 420 padmasAgara 569 padmasAgara (mammAhar3agacchIya) 419 padmasundara 92 padmANaMdasUri 167 padmAnandasUri 253 padmAnandasUri (dharmaghoSagacchIya) 301 parabatabhAvasAra 421 parabatasiddha (kavi) 578 paramAnanda 254 paramadideva (caMdelanRpati) 63 palha (kavi) 113 palha kavi 118 pahurAja (kharataragacchIyazrAvaka) / 255 pANini 22 pAto (parabata yA pAtu) 420 pAdaliptasUri 58 pAdaliptAcArya 24, 575 pArvacandra 430, 491, 603 pArzvacandra (nAgorItapAgacchIya) puNyaratna 428, 491, 569 puNyaratna (aMcalagacchIya) 428. puNyaratnasUri 515 puNyarAja 298 puNyalabdhi 429 puNyasAgara 131, 417, 535 pulakezina (cAlukya nRpati) 62 puSpadaMta (kavi) 75 puSpadanta 17, 38 pRthvIcandrasUri (rudrapallIyagacchIya' 129, 255 pRthvIdhara 153 pRthvIpAla (amAtya) 147 pRthvIrAja cAhamAnanRpati) 149.. 252 pRthvIrAjacauhAna 63 pethar3akumAra 153 petho (aMcalagacchIya) 429 prajJAtilaka 184, 185, 186. prajJAtilaka (kavi) 88 pratiSThAsoma (tapAgacchIya) 422. pradyumnasUri 111 pradyumnasUri (bRhadgacchIya) 127 prabodhacandra bAgacI 70 prabhAcandra (bhaTTAraka) 319, 430. prasannacandra 254 prasannacandrasUri 242, 252 prANazaMkara upAdhyAya 12 pAvacandrasUri 422, 490, 491,569, 70, pAvacandra (pAvacandragaccha ke saMsthApaka) 422, 508 pAlhaNa (kavi) 129, 130, 131, 133 pizela 30

Page #675
658 marugurjara jaina sAhitya 441 phArbasa 12 bhattau 132 phirojazAha 224 bhattau (kavi) 134, 135 phirojazAhatugalaka 247, 319 bhattu 132 pherU (Thakkara) 186 bharata 52 banArasIdAsa (kavi) 98, 100, bharatezvara (nRpati) 120 104,317 bhartRhari 27, 188 bappaTTisUri 54 bhavabhUti 31 bANa 89 bhAnucandra (loMkAgacchIya) 441 bANabhaTTa 538 bhAmaha 27 . bAbUrAmasaksenA 17 bhAratendu 95 bAlacandra (mAdhurasaMghIyabhaTTAraka) bhAravi 52 280 bhAlaNa (kavi) 570 bAlacandrasUri 118 bhAvaupAdhyAya (brahmANagacchIya) bAhar3a (maMtrI) 247 buddhisAgarasUri 110 bhAvakalaza 443 buddhisAgarasUri (brahmANagacchIya) bhAvadevasUri(khaMDillagacchIya) 224 360, 441 bhAvaprabha 444 budharAja 439 bhAvasAgarasUri (aMcalagacchIya) budharAja (kavi) 569 444-45, 564,566,474 bUcarAja (kavi) 490 bhAvasAgarasUri ziSya 444 brahmaRSi 491 bhAvasundara (tapAgacchIya) 258 brahma (kavi) 490 bhAbo (bhAvaDa) 443 brahmacandragaNi 113 bhAskaravarmA 65 brahmajayasAgara (kavi) 105 bhIma 259 brahmadharmaruci 407 bhIma (kavi) 259, 570 brahmabUcA 434 bhIma (zrAvaka, kavi) 446 brahmamuni (vinayadevasUri, saudharma- bhImadeva (dvitIya) 116 gaccha ke pravartaka) 430 bhImarAja 446 bhaktilAbha (kharataragacchIya) 439 bhImasena [nandItaTazAkhA ke muni] bhaktivijaya 440 523 bhagavAnadAsa 100 bhuvanakIrti [koraMTagacchIya] 447 bhaTTArakajJAnabhUSaNa 545 bhuvanakIrti [bhaTTAraka] 434, "bhaTTArakabhuvanakIti 545 447

Page #676
lekhaka nAma-paricaya 659. bhuvanasundarasUri 298 mahendrasUri [kRSNarSigacchIya] bhusuka 61 222. 224 bhUdharadAsa [kavi] 98 mahendrasUri [nAgendragacchIya] 139 bhaiyAbhagavatIdAsa 104, 317 mahendrasUri [bRhadgacchIya] 126 bhairaidAsa [kavi] 260 mahezvarasUri 117, 118, 156, bhoja [paramAra nRpati] 64 187 maMgaladharma [ratnAkaragacchIya 454 mAMDaNa [kavi] 232 maMDalika 189, 269 mAMDaNaseTha [kavi] 216 matizekhara [upakezagacchIya] 449 mAMdhAtA [napati] 121 matisAgara [AgamagacchIya] 334, mAMDaNaseTha 261 448 mAilla dhavala 118 madanamohanamAlavIya 20 mAgha 52 manarUpa [kavi] 97 mANikyacandrasUri 118, 594 mammaTa 100, 118 mANikyacandrasUri [aMcalagacchIya] malayacanda[pUrNimAgacchIya] 451 261 mahamUdagajanavI 62, 114 mANikyacandrasUri [pUrNimAmahAnandi [muni] 263 __ gacchIya] 374 mahAvIra 109 mANikaprabhasUri 185 mahiMdasUri 126 mANikyarAja 454 mahiMdu [mahAcanda kharataragacchIya] mANikyasundaragaNi[bRhadgacchIya] 453 mahimarAja 419 mANikyasundarasUri 234, 593, mahimAsAgara [kharataragacchIya] 94, 596 mANikyasundarasUri[aMcalagacchIya) mahimAsAgaraupAdhyAya [aMcala 261, 263 gacchIya] 603 mANikyasundarasUri vRddhatapAgacchIya mahIcandra 453 ratnasiMha ke ziSya] 604 mahIratana [vaDagacchIya] 497 mANikyasUri 262, 594 mahIratna 603 mAgha 39 mahendraprabhasUri 591, 596 mAyAvijaya 92 mahendraprabhasUri[aMcalagacchIya] 264 mArkaNDeya 27 mahendrasari 125, 126, 181 mAladeva [kavi] 100 mahendrasUri [aMcalagacchIya] 126 mAladeva [zrAvakakavi] 263 328

Page #677
marujurjara jaina sAhitya 264 'mizrabandhu 9 merutugasUri 591, 593, 595, mIrAbAI 235 596 -muJja [paramAra nRpati] 64,170 mestugasUri [aMcalagacchIya 235, municandrasUri [pUrNimAgacchIya 261, 264 bhImapallIzAkhA] 374,455 merunandana 73 munidevasUri 223 merunandana [kavi 93 -munidevasUri (vaDagacchIya] 497 merunandanagaNi [kharataragacchIya] muniprabhasUri 600 munibhadrasUri [bRhadgacchIya] 223 meruprabha [vaDagacchIya] 497 muni (mati) sundarasUri merusundara upAdhyAya [kharatara [mammAhaDagacchIya] 419 gacchIya] 457 muniratnasUri [pUrNimAgacchIya] merusundara [kharataragacchIya vAcanA 498 cArya ratnamUrti ke ziSya] 605 munisAra [vaDagacchIya] 497 meliga(kavi)[tapAgacchIya] 457 munisiMhasUri [AgamagacchIya]334 DA.motIlAla menAriyA 9, 15 munisihasUri [vaDatapAgacchIya] modamaMdira [kavi 189 mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI munisundarasUri 298 1,7,8 munisundarasUri [tapAgacchIya] yakSadevasUri [upakezagacchIya] 264, 457, 476, 507, 520, 532, 596 yazaHkIrti 49, 269, 592 munIzvarasUri [vaDagacchIya] 497 / / yazaHkIrti [prathama] 132 muhammada gorI 63 yazaHkIrti [bhaTTAraka] 524 muhammada tugalaka 175, 579 yazodhara [kavi] 490 muhammadazAha 217 yazodhara [kASThAsaMghIya muni mUlaprabhasAdhu [bhAvaprabha] 455 459 mUlarAja 64 yazodhara [bhaTTAraka] 524 mUlarAja [caulukyanRpati] 59 yazobhadrasUri 54 megharAja [kavi] 514 yogIndu 54,56, 103, 146 megho [kavi] 268 yogIndu [racanAkAra] 118 merugaNi [AgamagacchIya] 456 raMgaratnopAdhyAya 606 merutuMga 64,94,119,223,455 raNamalla 51 merutuMga[nAgendra gacchIya] 156,187 ratnakIrti 100 414

Page #678
lekhaka nAma-sUcI 661 ratnakIti [kharataragacchIya] 427 ratnAkarasUri 272, 466 ratnapAla 177 rayaNazAha [zrAvaka kavi] 133 ratnaprabha 88 rayaghU 50 ratnaprabhasUri 117, 118, 133 ralha 190 ratnaprabhasUri [upakezagacchIya] ravIndranAtha ThAkura 20 rAjakIrti 193 ratna [zrAvaka] 141 rAjatilaka [kavi 273 ratnamaMDanagaNi 190 rAjatilaka [muni] 192, 193 ratnamaMDanagaNi [tapAgacchIya] rAjatilakagaNi [pUrNimAgacchIya] 269,462 467 ratnamati vAcanAcArya [kharatara- rAjaratnasUri[kharataragacchIya] gacchIya] 458 467 ratnaraMgaupAdhyAya 428 rAjaratna [vaDagacchIya] 497 ratnavallabha 271 rAjalakSmI [tapAgacchIya sAdhvI] ratnazekhara 465 274 ratlazekharasUri 273, 298,319 rAjavallabha 193 ratnazekhara [tapAgacchIya] 325, rAjazIla [kavi] 569 327, 476, 529, 532 / rAjazIla [kharataragacchIya] 468 539, 601 rAjazIla [kharataragacchIya sAdhuharSa ratnasamudra [vaDatapAgacchIya ] ke ziSya] 606 510 rAjazekhara 24, 26 ratnasiMha [ratnAkaragaccha ke rAjazekharasUri 94 saMsthApaka] 329 rAjazekharasUri [maladhAragacchIya] ratnasiMha [ratnAkaragacchIya] 458 203, 223, 275 ratnasiMhasUri 133, 463, 465 rAjazekharasUri [maladhArI] 156 ratnasiMhasUri [tapagacchIya] 165, rAjasundara 417 166-67, 495 rAjahaMsa 606 ratnasiMhasUri [bRhadtapAgacchIya] rAjahemagaNi 429 455 rAjArAma jaina, DA0 51 ratnasiMhasUri ziSya 463 rAjendracandrasUri 592 ratnasundara 464 rANAsAMgA 321 ratnasundara [baDatapagacchIya] 464 rAmakalazasUri[jIrAulAgacchIya] ratnAkaramuni 271 400

Page #679
662 marugurjara jaina sAhitya rAmacandra 146 lakhamasI 137, 194 rAmacandra-guNacandra 116 lakhamasIha 471 rAmacandra zukla AcArya 16, labdhisAgarasUri [vaDatapAgacchIya) 107, 108 414, 473-74, 531 rAmacandrasUri 125 lalitakIrti 471 rAmabhadra 193 lAkhamadeva 137 rAmasiMha [muni] 17, 55 lAkhama [lakSmaNadeva] 194 rAmasiMha tomara DA0, 38, 41 paM0lAkhU yA lakkhaNa 49, 136 rAmasena nindItaTagacchIyaAcArya] lAkha 135 lAbha maMDana [AMcalika gacchIya) rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 37, 54 474 rudraTa 26, 27 lAlacanda 97 lakkhaNa 135 paM0 lAlacaMda bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI lakSmIkallola 472 lakSmIcaMda [kavi] 490 lAvaNyadeva [tapAgacchIya] 475 lakSmIcanda 56 lAvaNya prasAda 116 lakSmIcandra [bhaTTAraka] 501 lAvaNyaratna [AgamagacchIya] 274 lakSmItilaka 157 lAvaNya ratna [tapAgacchIya] 476, lakSmItilaka upAdhyAya 195 493, 521 lakSmIdhara 27, 72 lAvaNyasamaya 317, 319, 569, lakSmIratnasUri 472 lAvaNyasamaya tapAgacchIya] 477 lakSmIsAgara 298, 472 lAvaNyasiMha [kharataragacchIya] lakSmIsAgara [tapAgacchIya) 484 321, 325, 521, 529 lIdho 484 lakSmIsAgarasUri [tapAgacchIya] luipA 61 327, 476, 527, 535, laDaviga pro0 146 601 lokAzAha 321 lakSmIsAgarasari ziSya 472 bacchabhaNDArI [kavi 256 lakSmIsena [kASThAsaMgha ke nandItaTa vacchabhaNDArI [zrAvaka, kavi] zAkhA ke AcArya] 523 487, 488 lakhamaNa [lakSmaNa] 469 vaccha (vAcho) [baDatapagacchIyA lakhamasI 135, 37, 194, zrAvaka 485 321 vajrasena 138

Page #680
vajrasenasUri 115, 137 vajrasenasUri [ rAjagacchIya] 142 varadatta 137 varasiMha 488 vararuci 17, 27 vardhamAnasUri 117 vallabhabhAI paTela 11 vasaMtAcArya 64 lekhaka nAma sUcI vasti [kavi] 196, 277 vastibha 196 vastupAla 196 vastupAla - tejapAla 116 vastupAla [ mahAmAtya ] 114, 139 vAkpatirAja 24 vAgbhaTTa 27, 188 vANa | mahAkavi ] 109 vAdidevasUri 112, 114, 115, 118, 127 vAdidevasUri bRhadgacchIya ] 138 vAsaNa [kavi] 496, 570 vAsaNa [tapAgacchIya] 489 vAstusAra 186 vikramAditya [ nRpati] 569 vijaya kIrti bhaTTAraka 490, 05, 506 vijayagaNi 490 vijayacandrasUri [ pUrNimAgacchIya] 346 vijayadAnasUri 496, 500 vijayadAnasUri [ tapAgacchIya ] 528 663 vijayadevasUri 430, 491 vijayabhadra [AgamagacchIya | 278 vijayasiMha 490 vijayasiMhasUri [ bRhadgacchIya ] 147 vijayasena [ kASThAsaMghIya] 459 vijayasenasUri 88139 viThlanAtha 579 viddha | zrAvaka kavi] 280 vidyAkIrti 606 vidyAtilakasUri 156 vidyAdhara [kavi] 493 vidyApati 107, 156 vidyApati 1 vidyApati ThAkura 577 vidyAbhUSaNa bhaTTAraka 492 vidyAratna [ tapAgacchIya ] 493 vidyAsAgaraupAdhyAya [ tapAgacchIya ] 528 vinayacaMda bhaTTAraka 495 vinayacaMda | tapAgacchIya ratna siMha sUri - ziSya ] 494, 495 vinayacandra 94, 165, 166 vinayacandra [ mAthura saMghIyabhaTTAraka ] 280 vinayacandrasUri 99 198 vinayacUlAgaNinI 495 vinayacUlA [ sAdhvI ] 556 vinaya tilaka 335 vinayadevasUri | brahmamuni ] 430 vinayaprabha [ kharataragacchIya | 281 vinayabhAva 496 vinayamUrti 533

Page #681
mara-gurjara jaina sAhitya vinayaratna vaDagacchIya 497 vIranaMdana 285 vinayasamudravAcaka [upakezagacchIya] vIraprabha 141, 199 497 vIraprabha [mUni] 124 vimalagaNi 442 vIraprabhasUri [pippalagacchIya vimaladharmasUri 564 303 vimalabhAva [tapAgacchIya] 528 vIrasiMha 488 vimalasUri 23, 24 vIrasena [bhaTTAraka somakIti ke vimalasena [nandItaTagacchIya] ziSya] 524 vIsaladeva 153 vimalasUri [brahmANagacchIya] vIsaladeva [nRpati) 116 360, 442 vuccarAya 58 vimalendrakIti 545 zaMkarAcArya 63 vilhaNa 549 zabara 61 vive karatnasUri [kharataragacchIya] zazAMka 65 467 zAntipada 61 vivekasamudra 156 zAntibhadra 200, 201 vivekasAgara 298 zAntimaMdira [kharataragacchIya] vivekasiMha [kharatagacchIya pippalakazAkhA) 408,409 zAntivijaya tapAgacchIya] 401 vizAlarAja [tapAgacchIya] zAnti sUri 114, 201, 285 532, 601 zAntisUri nAgendragacchIya) 139 vizAlarAja tapAgacchIya muni- zAMtisUri [pippalakagacchIya] sundarasUri ke ziSya] 606 416 vizAla sundara [tapAgacchIya] 500 zAMtisUri [saMDeragacchIya] 333, vizAlasundara-ziSya 500 503, 504 vizvanAtha prasAda mizra 4 zAmala bhaTTa 517 vizvasena [nandItaTagacchIya 493 zAGga deva 90 / vizvasena bhaTTAraka 493 / zAlibhadra [sAlibhadra] 142 vIracada 59, 263 zAlibhadrasUri 115 vIracaMda bhaTTAraka 501 zAlibhadra sUri[ pUNimAgacchIya] vIracaMdrasUri [soraThagacchIya] 286 543 zAlibhadrasUri [bRhadgacchIya] vIradhavala 116 117, 285 138

Page #682
zAlibhadrasUri [rAjagacchIya ] 142 zAlisUri 286 zitikaNThAcArya 61 zivacUlAmahattarA [tapAgacchIya ] 274, 275 zivadAsa 286 zivadevasUri 125, 170 zivasundara 606 lekhaka nAma sUcI zivasundara [ kharataragacchIya] zivasundaramaNi 327 zIlasundarasUri [ upakezagacchIya] 449 zIlAMkAcArya 110 zubhacandra 288 zubhacandra [ kavi ] 490 zubhacandra bhaTTAraka 501, 505 zrIprabhasUri 185 zrutakIrti 542 saMgrAmasiMha 586 504 zubharatna 298 zubhavardhana 507 zubhavarddhana - ziSya 507 zubhavardhanasUri 569 zubhazIlagaNitapAgacchIya] 507 zrIcandra 75 zrIcandra kavi 59 zrIcandrasUri [ bRhadgacchIya] 147 zrIdhara 46. 200, 516 zrIdhara (kavi) 223 saMghakalaza [ tapAgacchIya] 532 saMghadAsagaNa 25, 58 saMghamANikya 533 saMghavimala 532 saMtoSajayatilaka 434 saMyamamUrti 533 saMvegadevagaNa [tapAgacchIya ratnazekhara ke ziSya ] 607 saMvegasundara upAdhyAya 534 sakalakIrti [bhaTTAraka ] 378, 447 sakalakIrti (sarasvatIgaccha ke bhaTTAraka) 287, 288 665 sakalabhUSaNa 288 sakalabhUSaNa ( digambara muni) 505 sagara 52 sagara nRpati ] 121 satya zekhara 298 sadhA [digambara zrAvaka kavi ] 290 samadhara 290 samayaprabha [kharataragacchIya ] 291 samayabhakta [kharataragacchIya] 427 samaya sundara 95, 317 samaracandra [pArzvacandra ke ziSya ] 607 samaracandra [ pArzva candragacchIya ] 508 samaracandra [lokAgacchIya] 509 samaracandra - ziSya 509 samarasiMha 155 samarasiMha | mahAmAtya ] 161 samarA [kavi] 292 samarAzAha 321, 394 samudragupta 20

Page #683
510 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya samudraghoSasUri [pUrNimAgacchIya] sAramUrti 202 498 sAravijaya (kavi) 514 saraha 61 sAliga 516 sarvadevasari (koraMTagacchIya) 411 sAlisari 286 sarvasundarasUri (maladhAragacchIya) sAvadevasUri (koraMTagacchoya)601 514 siMhakula (bivaMdaNIkagacchIya) sarvAGgasundara (vaDatapAgacchIya) 518 siMhakuzala 518 sarvAnandasUri 293 siMhakuzalasUri (tapAgacchIya) 517 sahajajJAna 201 siMhadattasUri (AgamagacchIya) 519 sahajasundara (upakezagacchIya) 510 siMhaprabhasUri (aMcalagacchIya) 126 sahajasundara (muni) 569 sirimA mahattarA 145 sAgaracandrasUri 419 siddhara (kavi) 516 sAgaracandra sUri (kharataragacchIya) siddharAja (caulukya nareza) 114 427 siddharAja jayasiMha 30 sAdhukIti 515 siddha sUri 163, 296 sAdhukIrti (kavi) 105 siddhasUri (upakezagacchIya) 406 sAdhukIti (tapAgacchIya) 294 / siddhaSi 58, 110 sAdhubhUSaNa (tapAgacchIya AcArya) siddhasena divAkara 109, 111, 6.1 188 . sAdhumeru (AgamagacchIya) 515 siddha senasUri 59 sAdhumerugaNi 426 siddhAntasAgarasUri (aMcalagacchIya) / 565, 566 sAdhuratna 224, 430 sIyaka (paramAra nRpati) 64 sAdhuratnasUri 515 sIhA 519 sAdhuratnasUri (tapAgacchIya) 596 sukauzala 51 sAdhuratnasUri (pUrNimApakSIya) sudharmaruci 507 451 sudhAkalaza (maladhArI) 156, sAdhuvijaya (tapAgacchIya) 328 203 sAdhusundaragaNi 576, 607 sunItikumAra cATuA 3, 4, 20 sAdhuhaMsa 295 sundararAja 417, 520 sAdhuhaMsa (tapAgacchIya) 295 / / sundarahaMsa 607 sAdhuharSa (kharataragacchIya) 467, sundarahaMsa (tapAgacchIya sumati sAdhu ke ziSya) 607

Page #684
lekhaka nAma sUcI 667 suprabhAcArya 56, 146 somaprabha 94, 126, 146 subhadrA 127 somaprabhasUri 119, 297 sumatikIrti(digambaramuni, 505 somaprabhAcArya 58, 59, 146, sumatigaNi 145 147 sumatisAgara (aMcalagacchIya) 428 somamUrti 203 sumatisAgarasUri 539 somamUrti (kharataragacchIya) 203 sumatisAdhu (tapAgacchIya) 401, somamUrtigaNi 93 529, 535 somaratnasUri(AgamagacchIya)448 sumatisAdhusUri (tapAgacchIya) somavimalasUri(tapAgacchIya)527 somasundarasUri 297 surahama (tapAgacchIya) 521 somasundarasUri-AdiziSya 299 surahaMsasUri (tapAgacchIya) 476 somasundarasUri (tapAgacchIya) sUradAsa - 4 223, 224, 258, 297, sevaka (aMcalagacchIya) 522 327 402, 462, 476, sevaka (tapAgacchIyazrAvaka) 521 532, 557, 597 somakIti 224 somezvara 116 somakIrti (kASThAsaMghIya) 459 solaNu (kavi) 205 somakIrti (kASThAsaMghIya bhaTTAraka) saubhAgyatilaka 335 saubhAgyamaMDanagaNi 225 somakuMjara (kharataragacchIya) 296, saubhAgyasAgara (vaDatapAgacchIya) 525 531 somacandra 112 saubhAgyasAgarasUri (tapAgacchIya) somacandra (nAgendragacchIya) 526 475 somacaritragaNi (tapAgacchIya) saubhAgyasAgarasUri (vaDatapAgacchIya) 527 somajaya (tapAgacchIya) 527 saubhAgyasAgarasUri-ziSya 531 somatilakasUri (rudrapallIya saubhAgyasUri (paumikagacchIya) gacchIya) 156, 257 405, 406 somadeva 465 saubhAgyaharSa (tapAgacchIya) 529 somadeva kavi 104 saubhAgyaharSasUri (tapAgacchIya) somadeva (tapAgacchIya) 527 342, 527 somadevasUri (AgamagacchIya)519 sthUlabhadra 123, 127 somadevasUri (tapAgacchIya) 462 svayaMbhU 17, 36, 37, 75, 92 523 473

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668 esa0 bI0 deva 70 haMsadhIra 569 haMsadhIra [ tapAgacchIya] 540 haMsasoma 569 haMsasoma [ tapAgacchIya] 541 hajArIprasAda dvivedI (AcArya) 6, 16 hammIra 154 haraprasAda zAstrI 17 harasevaka 300 harikalaza 301 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya harikalaza (dharmaM ghoSagacchIya jaya zekhara pAThaka ke ziSya ) 301,600 harideva 58, 148 haribhadrasUri 23,48, 53, 58, 59, 110, 157, 575 hariSeNa 58, 542 harizcandra 538 harIza (DA0) 7 harmana jaikobI 9, 17 haribhadrasUri [nAgendragacchIya] 139125, 126 haribhadrasUri [ bRhadgacchIya | 147 harivaMza kochar3a 39,41,50,54 harivallabha bhayANI 17 harSakalaza [tapAgacchIya ]535 harSa kIrti 339 harSakula dvitIya 535 harSakula kavi 167 harSa pramoda [ tapAgacchIya] 328 harSatriya upAdhyAya [kharataragacchIya] 536 harSa mUrti [ bhAvaDAragacchIya] 537 harSavardhana 62 harSa samudra ( upakezagacchIya) 497 halarAja 302 halAyudha 119 hAla (sAtavAhana) 24 hIravijaya 17 hIravijayastri 317 hIrANade 95 hIrAnandasUri 303 hIrAnandasUri [ pippalagacchIya ] 303" hIrAlAla jaina 17 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI 5, 15 humAyUM [mugalasamrATa ] 453 ma kavi 97 hemakAnti 539 hemacandra 64,93, 903, 115, hemacaMdra maladhArI 455 hemacaMdrasUri 158 tilakasUri 211, 212 hemacaMdrAcArya 11, 20 hemadhvaja 540 bhUSaNagaNi 206 hemaratna sUri 495 hemaratna sUri ( AgamagacchIya) 515, 559 hemavimala (tapAgacchIya] 529 hemavimalasUri [AgamagacchIya ] 278 hemavimalasUri [ tapAgacchIya] 325, 328, 342, 376-377, 476, 490, 493, 517 521, 527, 538

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hemavimalasUri [tarAgacchIya sumatisAdhu ke ziSya ] 608 hemahaMsa 298 hema haMsagaNi 599 aMcalaccha 126, 149, 565 upakezagaccha 163. 403, 406, 449, 497 kaDuAgaccha 337 kASThAsaMgha 152 koTikagaNa 53 lekhaka nAma sUcI grantha meM ullikhita gacchoM kI sUcI nAyala gaccha 547 nivRttigaccha 161, 164 pUrNimAgaccha 406, 498 pallIvAlagaccha 156 vaDagaccha 486, 497 koraTa 186 koraMTagaccha 340 kRSNarSigaccha 222, 224 kharataragaccha 110, 111, 128, 149, 152, 177, 178, 179 khaMDillagaccha 224 tapAgaccha 114, 149, 152 digambara sampradAya 8 drAviNasaMgha 152 dvivaMdaNI gaccha 518 naMdItaTagaccha 493 nAgendragaccha 139, 156 669 hemahaMsagaNi [tapAgacchIya] 539 hemAcArya 126 hvAnacyAMga, 12, 70, 109 balAtkAragaNa 501, 545 ballabhasampradAya 569 maDADagaccha 600 maladhArI gaccha 514 mAthurasaMgha 152 mUlasaMgha 152 ratnAkaragaccha 272 rAjagaccha 142 rudrapallIyagaccha 120,129.156 lokAgaccha 149 saMDeragaccha 503 soraThagaccha 543 harSapurIyagaccha 275

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670 maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya grantha meM ullikhita sthAnoM kI sUcI acalapura 58 jAlora (nagara) 121, 124, aNahilapATaNa 147 491 aNahilapura 59 jAvaNapura (jaunapura) 453 ajamera (nagara) 113 janAgar3ha 516 aruNanagara 491 jaisalamera 122, 124 AjAdapura (nagara) 478 tahanagar3ha 136 AbU 11 tribhuvanagiri 113, 136, 281 ujjayinI 251 ujalagiri 413 dahIudrApura 413 udayagiri 217 dvArAvatI (nagarI) 125 eliphaiNTA 68 devagiri 154, 161, 177 devagiri (nagara) 477,521 kacchalI purI 185 kanADapura 217 devapATaNa 514 kannANA (nagara) 186 dhaMdhukA (grAma) 515 kazmIra 65 dhArAnagarI 64 kAzI 62 dholakA 112, 140 kAnyakubja 62 navasArI 501 kumAragiri 528 nAgadraha (nagara) 121 kUmAragirinagara 530 paMjAba 65 kumAravihAra 121 prahalAdanapura 297 kauDIDavAnA 11 pATaNa 114, 133, 155, 172, khaMbhAta 491,508 260 khaMbhAyatapura 413 pATaliputra 127 khayanagara 411 pAlaNapura 158 khIMvasara (sthAnavizeSa) 606 pAlhaNapura 149 kher3anagara 124, 145, 149 pIravAr3A 563 goNaMda (nagara) 195 phalavadhi (nagara) 121 caMpAnera 319 bAgar3a 496 jabalapura 68 bhadrezvara 153 jAMgala 10 bhInamAla (nagara) 109

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bhImapallI 149, 157 maMgarola 487, 543 maMgalapura 487 maMjulezvara mahAdeva 115 matsya 10 mathurA (nagara) 109 mAnuSyapurI nagarI) 510 f marukoTa 149 marukoTa (nagara) 124 maroTha (nagara) 124 mANDavagaDha 153, 321 mANDU 582 mAlavA (pradeza, 102, 116, 251496 multAna 65 medapATa 10 mohilavAr3I (grAma) 177 raNathambhaura 154 rAjagRha (nagarI) 126 rANakapura 557 rAvaNa (grAma) 254 revatagiri 141 vardhamAnapura 187 nagara-grAma-sUcI varakANA (nagarI) 376 valabhI (nagara) 109 basaMtapura 136, 192 vArANasI 487 vikramapura (nagara) 113 vijayanagara 491 zatruJjaya 413 skandhanagara 460 saccaura (sAMcaura) 243 sapAdalakSa 10 sahajigapura (nagara) 121 sAMcaura (nagara) 121 sAMcurI (sAMcaura) 413 sAdar3I 557 siMhaladvIpa 136 sindha 65 siriujapura 58 sotrAnagara 492 soraTha pradeza) 140 sohAgapura 68 zrImAlapura 11 hastinApura 309 67%

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Forvararsonal use only